X7~ /)q iSP^JORKBOTANICALGABPjli >V TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN IOWA YEAR BOOK OF AGRICULTURE ISSUED BY THE IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1922 Published by THE STATE OF IOWA Des Moines LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OFFICE OF IOWA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Des Moines, Iowa, July 1, 1923. To His Excellency. X. E. Kendall, Governor of Iowa: Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith the twenty-third annual Iowa Year Book of Agriculture for the year 1922. ARTHUR R. COREY, Secretarv S'tate Board of Agriculture. INTRODUCTORY In this book is an important cross-section of Iowa history for the year 1922. it deals with the agricultural thought, progress and achievements of the year. Those who are interested in the further development of this great commonwealth and in the activities of her rural people will find in these pages a story well worth reading. In Part I will be found the proceedings of the Iowa State Board of Agriculture, and of its executive and special committee meetings. In these meetings are made the plans for the great annual State Fair and Exposition. They furnish an interesting insight into how one of the state's most gigantic enterprises is prepared and managed. The State Agricultural Convention, in which leaders in Iowa's agricultural progress discuss problems of the day, is recorded in Section II. It contains not only the addresses of well-known men in various fields of agriculture, but also the report of the secretary of the Iowa State Fair and the comment of the farm press on the 1922 exposition. Part III is devoted to the thirteenth annual meeting of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association, the addresses by leading fair managers of the state, and the discussions which featured the gathering. All addresses are given in full, together with reports of committees and officers. The winners in the 1922 Iowa State Fair are recorded in Part IV. This section gives not only the awards in practically all departments of the fair, but also numerous photographs of the leading live stock champions. The names and addresses of the owners of all prize winners are also given, together with the amounts won. Accomplishments of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation during the year 1922 and the proceedings of the annual Farm Bureau con- vention are reported in Part V. This section contains the speeches of leading officers and members, the reports of the president and secretary and the recommendations of important committees. Part VI is the annual report of the Iowa Dairy and Food Com- missioner. The work of the dairy inspectors, the progress of Iowa iii the dairy industry, what is being done to develop a standard for products, and other activities of the dairy department are given at length in this part. Those who are especially interested in the production of live stock for meat purposes will find Part VII to be highly instructive. It embraces excerpts from the proceedings of the Corn Belt Meat Pro- ducers' Association annual meeting. Almost all phases of beef pro- duction are discussed. Shipping questions, co-operative effort, ani- mal diseases — these and scores of other subjects are gone into at length. A review of the weather and crop conditions throughout the state during the year 1922 is given in Part VIII. This is the official re- port of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau and is illus- trated by charts and tables which are very interesting. The actual facts and figures regarding the farm production and farm conditions in Iowa during the year are given in Part IX. This is likewise compiled by the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau and gives many of the figures on the basis of county production, furnishing comparisons as to preceding years and as to prices re- ceived. The final section, Part X, is devoted to statistics showing the pro- duction of principal farm crops throughout the world for the year. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 1923 EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS N. E. Kendall, Governor of State Des Moines R. A. Pearson, President Iowa State College Ames R. G. Clark, State Dairy Commissioner Des Moines Peter Malcolm, State Veterinarian Des Moines OFFICERS C. E. Cameron, President Alta J. P. Mullen, Vice President Fonda A. R. Corey, Secretary Des Moines F. E. Sheldon, Treasurer Mt. Ayr DISTRICT OFFICERS First District — H. 0. Weaver Wapello Second District — E. T. Davis Iowa City Third District — Earl Ferris Hampton Fourth District — E. J. Curtin Decorah Fifth District — Cyrus A. Tow Norway Sixth District — E. Ed Beman Oskaloosa Seventh District — C. F. Curtiss Ames Eighth District — J. C. Beckner Clarinda Ninth District — C. E. Hoffman Atlantic Tenth District — Sears McHenry Denison Eleventh District — H. L. Pike Whiting The President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer are elected for one year. Terms of the Directors for odd-numbered districts expire second Wednes- day in December, 1923. Terms of Directors for even-numbered districts expire second Wednesday in December, 1924. STANDING COMMITTEES Executive C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. R. Cokey Auditing H. L. Pike E. T. Davis Seaes McHenby Resolutions E. J. Cuetik H. O. Weaves C. E. Bemak Powers and Duties of Board C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. R. Corey Sears McHenby C. F. Curtis.' Adulteration of Foods, Seeds and Other Products R. A. Pearson C A. Tow R. G. Clark Noxious Weeds, Fungus Diseases in Grains. Grasses, Etc. Earl Ferris E. T. Davis Dairying and Dairy Products R. G. Clark C. F. Cuetiss Sears McHenry Animal Husband))/ C. F. Cuetiss E. T. Davis Peter Malcolm Legislative C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. R. Corey H. 0. Weaver E. J. Cuetin Revision of Premium List C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. R. Corey C A. Tow C F. Cuetiss H. L. Pike INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS Angus, first baby beef steer 250 Angus, champion and reserve champion 554 Angus bull, grand champion , 228 Alfalfa yield, map of Iowa 672 Ayrshire bull, grand champion 243 Auto map, showing number of cars admitted to fair 104 Baby beeves, 367 shown at state fair 559 Barley yield, map of Iowa 668 Belgian stallion, grand champion 203 Butter trade-mark for Iowa butter 418 Canneries in Iowa — Corn on way to cannery 436 Husking room 438 Cans ready for cooker 439 Steam pressure cooker 440 Chester White boar, grand champion 258 Clydesdale stallion, grand champion 207 County exhibit, sweepstakes at state fair 306 Corn yield, map of Iowa 660 County group baby beeves, first prize. 552 Tornado path in Iowa, map 607 Dairy mortgage lifters 408 Dairy prosperity ' 407 Duroc boar, grand champion 256 Farm team, first prize 209 Feeding experiments with milk — Pigs 412 Rats 413 Dogs 414 Feed package tag, official for Iowa 444 Filling cans 445 Guernsey bull, grand champion 241 Hay, tame, yield, map of Iowa .670 Hay, wild, yield, map of Iowa 671 Hampshire boar, grand champion : 261 Hereford baby beef, Iowa champion 549 Hereford, first baby beef steer 249 Hereford bull, grand champion 224 Holstein bull, grand champion 234 Jersey bull, grand champion 237 Oats yield, map of Iowa 661 Percheron stallion, grand champion 201 Potato yield, map of Iowa 673 Poland China boar, grand champion 253 Precipitation in Iowa, map 606 Rye yield, map of Iowa 669 Shire stallion, grand champion 205 Shorthorn baby beef, first prize : 558 Shorthorn bull, grand champion 219 Shorthorn, first baby beef steer 248 Shropshire ram, champion 277 Spotted Poland China boar, grand champion 264 Swine lost by cholera in Iowa, graph 684 Winter wheat, map of Iowa 662 Spring wheat, map of Iowa 663 Winds, prevailing in Iowa 605 TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter of Transmittal Introductory State Board of Agriculture Standing Committees Index to Illustrations Table of Contents Iowa's Source of Wealth PART I Proceedings of State Board of Agriculture and of Executive and Special Committee Meetings for the year 1922. PART II Proceedings of 1922 State Agricultural Convention. PART III Proceedings of Thirteenth Annual Meeting of Iowa Fair Managers' Association. PART IV Iowa State Fair and Exposition, 1922. Official live stock awards and awards in other departments; press reports of the fair. PART V Report of the Farm Bureau Convention for 1922 and the work of the bureau during the year. PART VI State Dairy Commissioner's Report for 1922. PART VII Excerpts from proceedings of the annual meeting for 1922 of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association. PART VIII Annual report of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau for 1922. PART IX Farm statistics for the year ending December 31, 1922. Compiled by the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau. PART X Statistical tables of Iowa's principal farm crops. Also statistical tables of farm crops and live stock by states, the United States and the world. IOWA'S SOURCE OF WEALTH DECEMBER 31, 1922 Compiled for the Iowa Year Book of Agriculture from Estimates Furnished by the Iowa Weather and Crop Service, showing- Acreage, Average Yield and Total Yield of Farm Products. Gross value Average Ave. per . Crop Acres yield Total yield price acre Total value Corn 10,123,000 45.00bus. 455,535,000 8 0.54 $24.30 $245,989,000 Oats 6, 023, 000 37.00 bus. 222,851,000 0.34 12.58 75,769,000 Spring wheat 68,000 15.00 bus. 1,020,000 0.95 14.25 969,000 Winter wheat 689,000 23.00 bus. 15,847,000 0.97 22.31 15,372,000 Barley 150,000 28.40 bus. 4,260,000 0 52 14.77 2,215,000 Rye 60,000 19.00 bus. 1,140,000 0.71 13.49 809,000 Flaxseed 8,000 10.00 bus. 80,000 2.07 20.70 166,000 Timothy seed 230,000 4.53 bus. 1,042,000 2.49 11.28 2,595,000 Clover seed 132,000 1.70 bus. 224,000 10.40 17.65 2,330,000 Potatoes a94,000 90.00 bus. 8,460,000 0.62 55.80 5,245,000 Hay(tame) 3,393,000 1.40 tons 4,750,000 10.40 14.56 49,400,000 Hay (wild) 432,000 1.14 tons 492,000 8.50 9.68 4,182,000 Alfalfa 200,000 2.67 tons 534,000 14.80 39 52 b7, 903, 000 Pasture and grazing 10,130,000 5.58 56,525,000 Ensilage 304,000 8.00tons 2,432,000 3.40 27.20 c8, 269,000 Sweet corn (com'l crop) 30 ,000 3 . 00 tons 90 ,000 7 . 00 21 . 00 630 ,000 Popcorn 5,500 2,200.00 lbs. 12,100,000 0.03 66.00 363,000 Buckwheat (estimated) 5,000 14.00 bus. 70,000 1.19 16 66 83,000 Fruit crop (estimated) 10 ,000 ,000 Garden truck (estimated) " 5,000,000 Miscellaneous (estimated) 2 ,500 ,000 Total value, not including live stock products, for the year, 1922 $480,142 ,000 Dairy products (estimated) 120 ,000 ,000 Poultry and eggs (estimated) 65 ,000 ,000 Wool, 3,963 ,000 lbs. at 30 cents 1,188,900 Total value of farm products $666,330,900 NUMBER, AVERAGE VALUE AND TOTAL VALUE OF LIVE STOCK DECEMBER 31, 1922 (Figures taken from estimates made by United States Department of Agriculture.) Number Average value Total value 1,305,000 $79.00 $103,095,000 Mules 101,000 80.00 8,080,000 Milk cows 1,160,000 58.00 67,280,000 Other cattle 3,479,000 35.20 122,461,000 Swine 9,615,000 12.80 123,072,000 Sheep 829,000 8.40 6,964.000 Total value of Live Stock $430,952 ,000 Total value of farm products and live stock $1 ,097,282,900 f-Subject to revision when assessors' figures become available. Alfalfa included in tame hay and therefore excluded from grand total. cEnsilage, acreage, production and value is included in corn and therefore excluded from grand total. BOTANICAL PART I Synopsis of Proceedings of the Iowa State Board of Agriculture and Executive and Special Com- mittee Meetings for the Year 1922 SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING Sioux City, January 3-4, 1922. In accordance with previous arrangements, the special committee con- sisting of Cameron, Mullen, Corey and Curtin met at the West Hotel, Sioux City, with representatives of the Northwest Iowa Fair Circuit and members of the Iowa, Minnesota and South Dakota Racing Circuit. Inasmuch as no representative of the Minnesota State Fair or the Nebraska State Fair was present, the forming of the state fair circuit was postponed with the understanding that the meeting would be held during the February meeting of the International Association of Fairs and Expositions in Chicago. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING January 26-27, 1922. Members present Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The president and secretary signed vouchers for the state aid of $2,400 for the support of the Department of Agriculture and $1,000 for insurance on buildings, repairs, etc. The committee fixed the date for the next meeting of the board for March 7 and 8. The secretary was authorized to employ a stenographer to assist in the Publicity Department and in preparing material for the Year Book, as soon as her services were required. The secretary was authorized to place an order for 3000 hangers to be used in advertising the state fair. • The committee went over the pay rolls of the superintendents of the various departments for the purpose of working out a budget for each department, to be recommended at the board meeting on March 7. The committee also decided to recommend that the auto parking de- partment be consolidated with the police department. The committee approved payment of bills on file. SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, February 20-24, 1922. The special committee, consisting of the executive committee and ^-Director Curtin, met at the Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, February ^20-24, inclusive, for the purpose of attending the following meetings: 2 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Monday, February 20, International Motor Contest Association. Tuesday, February 21, Biennial Congress of the American Trotting As- sociation, the Middle-West Fair Circuit meeting, and the Iowa-Missouri- Nebraska Racing Circuit meeting. February 22-23-24, Meeting of the International Association of Fairs and Expositions. Representatives of the following fairs met and formed a circuit to be known as the "Middle-West Fair Circuit:" Missouri State Fair, Iowa State Fair, Nebraska State Fair, Kansas Free Fair, Kansas State Fair, Oklahoma State Fair, Oklahoma Free State Fair, State Fair of Texas, Texas Cotton Palace and the State Fair of Louisiana. A membership fee of $100 for each fair was agreed upon. A. R. Corey was elected president of the circuit and Phil Eastman, secretary. The secretary was instructed to publish 40,000 or 50,000 circulars advertising this circuit, and to include in this circular the premium offerings of each fair; also shipping instructions for exhibitors and a brief of the live stock sanitary rules in each state. Mr. B. C. Biggerstaff of Kansas City, Missouri was employed as tariff manager for the circuit. Representatives of the following fairs held a meeting for the purpose of organizing the Iowa-Missouri-Nebraska Racing Circuit: Mississippi Valley Fair and Exposition, Missouri State Fair, Iowa State Fair, Ne- braska State Fair, Ak-Sar-Ben Exposition, Omaha, Nebraska, Interstate Fair, Sioux City, Iowa. Mr. A. C. Dingle of the Missouri State Fair was elected president of the circuit and Mr. M. E. Bacon of Davenport, secre- tary. May 23rd was fixed as the date for the closing of all early closing events. The closing date for the late closing events to be at the option of the member. It was also agreed that each member would carry a synopsis of all the programs on the back page of the entry blank. The secretary was instructed to carry a page ad in the two horse papers covering the early closing events, April 4, May 9 and 16; also a one page ad announcing the late closing events, on July 25. The committee authorized the secretary to submit a bid of $300 for the Western Breeders' Futurity for three-year-old trotters and pacers. The executive committee closed the following attraction contracts: F. M. Barnes, Inc., 12 hippodrome acts for 8 days. Thearle-Dufneld Fireworks Co., Night show in front of grand stand for six performances for the spectacular fireworks performance known as "Mystic China." Allie T. Wooster, to furnish twenty head of running horses to put on the following attractions: One Roman Standing Race. One-half mile running dash between lone running horse and automobile. One three-mile lady relay race with three lady riders to change horses at end of each mile each day of the fair, commencing Saturday, August 26, for $1,800. The committee also closed a sharing contract for the C. A. Wortham Shows, to consist of not less than twenty shows and six riding devices. The committee also secured propositions from J. Alex Sloan, The International Auto Racing Association, and R. A. Hankinson for guaran- PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE 3 teeing the appearance of a certain number of racing cars and profes- sional drivers, but made no contracts. MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE March 7-8, 1922. The board convened at 9:30 a. m. with President Cameron presiding. The following members responded to roll call: C. E. Cameron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, Earl Ferris, E. J. Curtin, C. A. Tow, T. C. Legoe, F. E. Sheldon and Carl E. Hoffman. Absent: W. W. Morrow, C. F. Curtiss, Sears McHenry and H. L. Pike. The secretary read the minutes of the board and committee meet- ings commencing with the minutes of the State Agricultural Convention held on December 14 and concluding with the special committee meeting held at the Auditorium Hotel, .Chicago, Illinois, February 20 to 24. On motion the minutes were approved as read. RELEASE OF EXHIBITS Mr. Mullen moved that all exhibits be released at four o'clock, Friday afternoon, September 1, the last day of the fair. Motion seconded by Mr. Sheldon, and carried. BUDGET FOR PAY ROLLS. The board took up the matter of the budget for pay rolls and expense for the 1922 fair. The pay roll for each department was discussed at length by the board for the purpose of making up the 1922 budget. Board recessed until 1:30 p. m. Afternoon Session. Board convened at 1:30 p. m., with members present as at forenoon session; also Sears McHenry. REVISION OF PREMIUM LIST Mr. Cameron declared the next order of business was the revision of the premium list, and called upon the superintendent of the swine de- partment for his recommendation. Mr. Weaver moved that the board reconsider the vote by which a reduc- tion of 20 per cent was to be made on premiums in the swine depart- ment on December 15. Motion seconded by Mr. Ferris, and carried. Mr. Tow moved that the classification recommended be adopted for the swine department for this year's fair. In addition to the standard classification of $850, Mr. Tow recom- mended that the record association be invited to add special money, to the open classification and that the board meet their special money dollar for dollar, up to $250. The motion was seconded by Mr. Mullen, and carried. Mr. Weaver moved that the revision of the premium list for the sheep department, as agreed upon by the board, be adopted for the 1922 fair. Motion seconded by Mr. Mullen and carried. Mr. McHenry moved that the classification for milk goats remain the 4 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I same as last year, but that the classification for Angora goats be dropped. Motion seconded by Mr. Ferris, and carried. The secretary presented a statement to the board, showing a revision of the classification for the various departments in accordance with the recommendation of the board at their December meeting. The secretary also presented the budget for advertising the 1922 fair. Mr. Ferris moved that the advertising budget as submitted by the secretary be approved. Motion seconded by Mr. Mullen, and carried. On account of Mr. Pike, superintendent of the cattle department, being absent, the secretary submitted the revision for the cattle department which was thoroughly discussed by the board. Mr. Weaver moved that the revision of the cattle department as sub- mitted by the secretary, be approved by the board. Motion seconded by Mr. Tow, and carried. The board adjourned to meet at 9 o'clock Wednesday, March 8. Wednesday, March 8, 1922. Meeting was called to order by President Cameron. The following members responded to roll call: Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Davis, Ferris, Curtin, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, Hoffman and McHenry. Absent: Morrow, Weaver, Sheldon and Pike. Mr. Curtin submitted the revision of the offerings in the speed depart- ment. Mr. Curtin moved that the speed program as submitted be approved. Motion seconded by Mr. Davis and carried. C. F. Curtiss, superintendent of the horse department, presented the revision of the horse department, which he explained fully to the board. Mr. Mullen moved that the revision of the horse department, as recom- mended by Mr. Curtiss, be approved by the board. Motion seconded by Curtin, and carried. The secretary presented the standard classification for beef cattle, which was recommended by the record association, and adopted by the International Association of Fairs at their meeting on February 22. The International Association of Fairs also recommended that the junior bulls and heifer calves be dropped from the dairy cattle classes. Mr. Curtiss moved that the classification for beef and dairy cattle, as recommended by the International Association of Fairs, be adopted for the Iowa State Fair. Motion seconded by Mr. Tow, and carried. The secretary presented the following tabulation covering the budget for premiums to be offered by the Iowa State Fair for 1922. This sum- mary covers the revision of the premium list as directed by the board at the December meeting, and also at this meeting. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Offered 1921 Horse department $ 26,890.00 Cattle department 30,248.00 Swine department 6,750.00 Sheep department 4,576.00 Goat department. 415.00 Poultry department 2,419.00 Rabbit department 243.00 Culinary 846.00 Honey and Bees 650.00 Agriculture 13,593.00 Dairy 722.00 Horticulture 3,109.00 Floriculture 1,979.00 Textile and China 1,637.00 Art department 662.00 Boys and Girls' Club 4,883.00 Educational 965.00 Judging contest 850.00 Judging Team 225.00 Spelling contest 200.00 Baby health 500.00 Speed 16,950.00 Horseshoe contest 350.00 Budget for 1922 Increase Decrease $20,705.00 $ fi.18K.nn 25,370.00 6,300.00 4,878.00 450.00 3,744.00 832 00 325.00 90.00 2,203.00 216 00 . 200.00 43.00 846.00 600.00 50 00 11,619.00 1Q74.no 722.00 2,675.00 434.00 200.00 1 77Q on 1,637.00 662.00 4,272.75 610.25 817.00 148 00 600.00 2K0 on 225.00 160.00 4n nn 500.00 11,800.00 k iko nn 1,350.00 $1,000.00 $119,662.00 $97,532.75 $1,000.00 $23,129.25 Mr. McHenry moved that the complete budget for premiums, as pre- sented by the secretary, be approved. Motion seconded by Mr. Davis and carried. The secretary presented the following revised budget as agreed upon by the board covering pay rolls and expense of the fair other than premiums: 1921 Fair Budget Expense 1922 Fair Committee meetings $ 4,088.00 $ 3,000.00 Postage 1,722.00 1,600.00 Printing 10,500.00 9,000.00 Advertising <. 23,317.00 23,000.00 Attractions 38,348.00 30,000.00 Auto races 6,600.00 6,600.00 Light and power 2,995.00 3,000.00 Water 695.00 700.00 Forage 10,170.00 10,000.00 Salaries, secretary's office 10,793.00 10,525.00 Board meetings 1,299.00 1,300.00 Decorating buildings 1,686.00 1,400.00 Treasurer's department 3,967.00 2,700.00 Admissions department, ticket takers 4,969.00 3,800.00 Admissions department, ushers 1,348.00 1,000.00 Admissions department, gate police 1,349.00 800.00 Police department . 4,148.00 3,500.00 Concessions department 3,124.00 2,500.00 Horse department 1,994.00 1,500.00 Cattle department 1,575.00 1,250.00 Swine department 1,019.00 750.00 Sheep department 654.00 500.00 Poultry department 490.00 400.00 Machinery department 1,560.00 850.00 6 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Agricultural department 1,218.00 750.00 Horticultural and Floricultural 589.00 450.00 Speed department 1,316.00 970.00 Exposition department 665.00 500.00 Educational department 334.00 250.00 Ticket auditing department 479.00 350.00 Boys and girls' club department 1,292.00 900.00 Boys and girls' judging contest... 102.00 75.00 Baby health department 1,332.00 950.00 Program Women and Children's building 1,038.00 800.00 Day nursery 222.00 200.00 Campers' headquarters 387.00 175.00 Auto parking 280.00 Property men 447.00 400.00 Art department 285.00 225.00 Awards department 92.00 100.00 Janitors 786.00 700.00 Dairy department 1,723.00 1,500.00 Plants and flowers 889.00 750.00 Premium ribbons 2,525.00 2,000.00 Tents, bedding, etc 1,135.00 1,000.00 Cups and medals , 788.00 750.00 Signs 746.00 500.00 Miscellaneous items 16,616.00 12,650.00 $173,696.00 $146,620.00 Mr. Mullen moved that the budget be adopted and approved by the board. Motion seconded by Mr. McHenry and carried. Mr. McHenry moved that all unfinished business be delegated to the executive committee with power to act. Motion seconded by Mr. Curtiss and carried. The board adjourned to meet at the call of the president. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING. March 8-9, 1922. Members present Cameron, Mullen and Corey. President Cameron appointed Mr. E. T. Davis a member of the auditing committee, to take the place of Mr. Reeves, who was succeeded on the board by Earl Ferris. The following bids were received for printing the 1922 State Fair Premium List, the bids on a basis of 256 pages to be printed on No. 1 S. & S. C. book Daper: Miles-Bratton $2,427.50 Homestead Co 2,060.00 Campbell Printing Co 2,268.00 Doty Publishing Co 2,265.00 John M. Jamison 2,085.00 Successful Farming 2,072.95 The committee authorized the secretary to let the contract to the Home- stead Printing Co., who were the low bidders for $2,060.00 for 12,000 copies. The secretary brought to the attention of the committee the proposition of Walter W. Raub to put on balloon ascensions each day of the fair. The committee directed the secretary to make a contract with Mr. Raub for the seven days at $400, PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 7 Mr. Mullen, superintendent of the machinery department, recommended that the charge for space in machinery hall be left the same as in 1921, but instead of quoting the rate at 15c per square foot, the applications and all advertising should quote the space as follows: Full space, 17x35 feet, $90. One-half space, 17x17% feet, $45. The recommendation of Mr. Mullen was approved by the committee. The secretary submitted propositions for bands to play the various engagements at the Iowa State Fair: A committee, including Dr. Atkins, director of the Argonne Post Band, appeared before the committee and presented the merits of their band and also urged the committee to engage the Argonne Post Band for this year's fair. The committee directed the secretary to enter into contract for Mur- ray's Family Orchestra as per their proposition of $200 for the week. The superintendent of grounds, Mr. Deets, was authorized to employ a mechanic to overhaul the two Federal trucks, the Ford and Inter- national trucks, and the two F. D. trucks recently acquired from the government. The committee entered into an agreement with George Whitney for the sale of sugar sand from the pit northeast of the Coaster at 37 Y2c per load. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING March 23-24-25, 1922. The committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The committee attended the surplus property sale at Camp Dodge on March 24 and purchased sixty transformers for the sum of $2,460. The secretary was authorized to withdraw $5,000 from the savings account and deposit same to the credit of W. W. Morrow, treasurer. Also to issue a warrant in favor of the Surplus Property Officer for $2,460 in payment of the transformers. The committee considered the propositions on file for guaranteeing the appearance of certain professional automobile racing drivers and racing cars. The committee decided to accept the following propositions and directed the secretary to make contracts for same. J. Alex Sloan, Chicago, Illinois, to furnish not less than six specially constructed racing cars and six professional drivers to participate in the auto racing on Friday, August 25 and Friday, September 1. Contract also to provide that £>ig. Haugdahl shall exhibit his Wisconsin Special racing car with which he broke the beach records. International Auto Racing Association, Robert Hickey, manager, to guarantee the appearance of eight specially constructed racing cars and eight professional drivers to participate in the automobile racing on the above dates. Mr. A. F. Thaviu, director of Thaviu's Band, presented a proposition to the committee to furnish a thirty-piece concert band for a period of seven days, commencing Friday, August 25 and closing Thursday, August 8 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I 31, for the sum of $3,200. And also to present each evening of the fair, in front of the grand stand, one act from the grand opera Aida. In pro- ducing this grand opera, Mr. Thaviu agrees to furnish not less than five grand opera principals, a chorus of forty voices, a ballet of nine, the necessary scenery and costumes, stage hands, carpenters, electricians, rigging to handle the scenery, lights, etc., for the sum of $3,000. Under this agreement Mr, Thaviu is to furnish everything complete for putting on this production with the exception of the stage and the platform for the band. The committee accepted Mr. Thaviu's proposition and directed the secretary to draw and sign the contracts. ♦ The committee also accepted the proposition of the Argonne Post Band to furnish a concert band consisting of thirty-three pieoes for eight days at $1,985. Also the proposition of Frank G. Isaacson, manager of the Fort Dodge Military Band, for a band of twenty-five pieces for the eight days of the fair at $2,050. Also the proposition of George W. Landers for the Page County Farm- ers' Band, consisting of thirty musicians, for seven days, commencing Friday noon, August 25, and closing Friday noon, September 1, for the sum of $1,000. The superintendent of grounds, Mr. Deets, was authorized to purchase a steel hand dump box owned by the Morris Plan Bank and stored at the Iowa State Fair grounds, for a sum not to exceed $75 and to have the same placed on one of the Federal trucks for hauling cinders, sand, etc. Prof. Fredrica Shattuck of the Iowa State College, in charge of the Country Theatre movement, appeared before the committee and sub- mitted a proposition for conducting the Country Theatre at the Iowa State Fair. She stated that at the 1921 fair, the expense of putting on this enterprise was taken care of out of funds derived from putting on amateur theatricals. She further stated that these funds were depleted and it would not be possible to finance the matter in this man- ner again this year, and asked for an appropriation of approximately $800 to defray the expense. The committee informed Miss Shattuck that inasmuch as there was nothing in the budget to take care of this expense, they would authorize her to make an admission charge to the Country Theatre of ten cents and that the board would make up any deficiency up to $800. Miss Shattuck accepted the proposition and agreed to present the Country Theatre at the State Fair. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING April 27-28-29, 1922. Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The executive committee and members, Curtiss and McHenry, at- tended the funeral of W. W. Morrow, treasurer of the department, at Afton, Iowa, on Thursday, April 27. The executive committee met with the following representatives for the purpose of working out a classification and details for holding the PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 9 National and State Horseshoe Pitching Tournaments: Mr. B. G. Leigh- ton, president of the National Horseshoe Pitchers' Association; Mr. James McKeon, president and T. H. Fogarty, treasurer of the State Association, and Joe Becker, secretary of the Polk County Horseshoe Pitchers' Association. The committee decided to locate the courts in the open space north of the brick horse barn and south of the Fish and Game Exhibit. The classification as agreed upon called for an appropriation by the State Fair Management of $900 in the Men's National Tournament, $100 in the Women's National Tournament, and $250 in the State Tournament. The State Fair management is also to provide the six medals offered in the Men's and Women's National Tournaments at a cost not to exceed $200. The entry fee in the national tournament for men was fixed at $2.00 and for women at $1.00, and in the Men's State Tourna- ment at $1.00. The classification and rules to be practically the same as used at the national tournament held at the Minnesota State Fair in 1921. The following officers for the tournament were selected: Tourna- ment manager, B. C. Leighton; referee, James McKeon; head scorer, Mrs. H. J. Pletscher; superintendent of courts, T. H. Fogarty. It was agreed that the tournament was to be advertised and held under the auspices of the National Horseshoe Pitchers' Association of the United States; the National League of Horseshoe and Quoit Pitch- ers' Association; Iowa State Horseshoe Pitchers' Association and the Iowa State Fair. It was agreed that, Mr. B. G. Leighton was to be paid $100, hotel and traveling expenses, for his service in promoting and managing the tournament. It was also agreed that Mr. Leighton was to solicit the trophies to be offered by the state and national associations, and that the other trophies offered as prizes, in both the national and state, were to be solicited by a local committee selected by the State and Polk County Horseshoe Pitchers' Associations. The State Tournament to start Monday morning, August 28; the Na- tional Tournament to start at two o'clock Tuesday, August 29 and the Women's National Tournament at nine a. m., Wednesday, August 30. The executive committee assigned the three spaces in the east end of the exhibition room under the grand stand to the board of control of state institutions for their industrial exhibit; also the sleeping room in the cattle barn just back of the sale ring for sleeping quarters for the boys' band, and men in charge of the exhibits. It was also agreed that the fair would furnish the material for building the necessary booths in this exhibit room with the understanding that the board of control would furnish the necessary labor for construction of same. The board of control agreed to have an' exhibit from each of their sixteen state institutions and also a creditable exhibit of dairy cattle. At the request of the superintendent of the educational department, the executive committee agreed to designate Friday as "Children and Public School Day", grant the public schools the use of the assembly tent on that day and also appropriate $50 to defray the expense of bring- 10 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I ing in a high school band to take part in the program, to be provided and carried out in the assembly tent. Prof. P. C. Taff and F. P. Reed presented a proposition to the com- mittee for serving meals to the boys and girls having exhibits and tak- ing part in demonstrations during the fair. It was the opinion of the executive committee that the old floral hall might be made available as a mess hall for this purpose and that the necessary tables, refrigerator, and hotel ranges might be secured from Camp Dodge. The executive committee suggested that they would consider a plan whereby they would furnish the building and this equipment provid- ing the state club leader would give the matter general supervision and employ some one to operate the dining hall, with the understand- ing that the charge for meals would take care of the operating expense. The secretary presented a list of equipment necessary to complete the instalment of the large transformers at the transformer station, total cost to be approximately $671.50. Also a requisition for 400 gallons of transformer oil to refill the transformers purchased from Camp Dodge. The executive committee authorized the purchase of same. The committee also entertained a proposition from John Connelly, Des Moines, Iowa, for putting on a head-on collision on Saturday, August 26. In his proposition he proposes to give the State Fair the first $20,000 of receipts at the outside gates and afternoon grand stand, he to receive the next $10,000, and all over $30,000 to be divided fifty- fifty. Or, he would give the State Fair the first $18,000, he to receive the next $8,000 and all over $26,000 to be divided fifty-fifty. Action on this matter was deferred until it might be brought to the attention of the board. The secretary presented a letter from Frank D. Paine, professor of electrical engineering, Iowa State College, for putting on an exhibit of amateur radio outfits. The executive committee authorized an appropriation of $60, $30 to be offered for outfits exhibited by boys under fourteen years of age, and $30 for outfits exhibited by boys over fourteen and under twenty years of age. The request of Mr. Griffin and Mr. Rood for the use of the race track for a race meeting on July 4 and 5 was brought to the attention of the committee. The committee agreed that they might have the use of the track on the above dates for the purpose of putting on a race meeting for the actual expense the fair might incur on account of making arrange- ments and in taking care of the track during the meeting. The superintendent of grounds was directed to have such repairs made to the roof of the swine judging pavilion and the swine barn as is absolutely necessary to prevent further depreciation of the sheeting. The committee approved the contract made by the secretary with E. L. Keyser and D. J. Tracy for publishing the official catalog. Contract provides the above parties shall publish ten thousand copies, furnish the fair one thousand copies free, and pay seventy-five per cent of the PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 11 printing bill. They to receive receipts from advertising and sale of catalogs. The Fair to pay twenty-five per cent of the printing bill. The committee approved payment of bills. MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. May 11, 1922. Meeting was called to order at 9:30 a. m. by President C. E. Cameron. The following members responded to roll call: C. E. Cameron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, Earl Ferris, E. J. Curtin, Cyrus A. Tow, T. C. Legoe, C. F. Curtiss, F. E. Sheldon, Sears McHenry, Carl E. Hoffman, H. L. Pike, R. G. Clark and Dr. Peter Malcolm. Absent: Gov. N. E. Kendall and Pres. R. A. Pearson. The president announced that the purpose of the meeting was to elect a treasurer to fill the vacancy caused by the death of W. W. Morrow. President Cameron called upon Mr. Weaver, chairman of the resolu- tions committee, to present the resolution that the committee had pre- pared. The following resolution was presented by Mr. Weaver and unanimously adopted by a standing vote of the board. IN ME MORI AM Willison W. Morrow, in his seventy-fifth year, died at his home in Afton, Union County, Iowa, on the 25th day of April, 1922. The history of Iowa would be incomplete without the story of his life. The merits of his true worth and manly qualities were discovered in his early boyhood days. His nearest neighbors first learned to love him because of these qualities, and soon his broadmindedness and unselfish motives found a place in the hearts of the citizenship of Union County, and finally he became one of the leaders of our great state. The earliest recollections we have of Mr. Morrow was his association with men of true character and worth in the affairs of his time. His good judgment was consulted by his immediate friends, his agricul- tural associates, and his political adherents. The general welfare of Iowa, and especially of the Eighth District, was never measured until it had his voice of sanction. He was elected from Union County as a member of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth General Assemblies. He was director of the State Agricultural Society from December, 1898 to July 4, 1900; a director of the State Board of Agriculture from July 4, 1900 to December 10, 1902; was president of the State Board of Agriculture from December 10, 1902 to December 12, 1906. He was elected treasurer of the state of Iowa' in 1907 and served until 1913. On February 24, 1915, he was elected treasurer of the State Board of Agriculture where he served until the time of his death. As officers and directors of the State Board of Agriculture we were impressed by his frank address; his straightforward manner of living; and his plain confidence in the good fellowship of those with whom he met. He loved a true heart, and discarded deceit and hypocrisy wherever found. His was a sturdy character, surrounded by the most 12 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I lovable instincts of humanity, which can come from only a broad mind and sympathetic nature. "Stout muscles and a sinewy heart, A hardy frame and hardier spirit; King of his two hands, he does his part, In every useful toil and art." He -was one of the builders of this institution, and gave his heart and soul to the progress of agriculture in this state, believing, as he did, that it was the foremost industry and the basis upon which our future welfare must rest. As an officer of the State Board of Agricul- ture, he devoted his entire energy to the success and up-building of this great institution. Willison W. Morrow loved his life's work, content with the progress that he had shared in the making of citizenship. His industrious life, coupled with his love for the up-building of this depart- ment, will stand as a monument to his wisdom, and those accomplish- ments we, as officers and members of the State Board of Agriculture, will most graciously inherit. Therefore Be It Resolved, That it is with deep regret and profound sorrow that this board is called upon to chronicle the death of Honor- able Willison W. Morrow. Resolved, That the State Board of Agriculture extend to his family and the people of the state of Iowa condolence in their bereavement. Resolved, That the secretary of this department transmit to the family of the deceased a copy of these resolutions, with the action of this board thereon. E. J. Curtin T. C. Legoe H. O. Weaver Committee on Resolutions. N. E. Kendall C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. R. Corey E. T. Davis Earl Ferris Cyrus A. Tow C. F. Curtiss F. E. Sheldon Carl E. Hoffman Sears McHenry H. L. Pike R. G. Clark P. Malcolm President Cameron announced that the next order of business would be the election of a treasurer and requested that the secretary read the names of the candidates who had been suggested for this position. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 13 Mr. McHenry moved that the board proceed to take an informal ballot. Motion was seconded by Mr. Davis, and carried. The informal ballot resulted as follows: F. E. Sheldon 10 votes N. W. McBeath 3 votes E. H. Hoyt 2 votes Mr. Sheldon presented the following communication to the board: "To the Iowa State Board of Agriculture: I hereby tender my resignation as a member of the Iowa State Board of Agriculture from the Eighth Congressional District. F. E. Sheldon" Mr. Mullen moved that the resignation of Mr. Sheldon, as director from the Eighth District, be accepted. Motion seconded by Mr. Ferris, and unanimously adopted. Mr. McHenry moved that the board proceed to take a formal ballot for treasurer to fill the unexpired term caused by the death of W. W. Morrow. The ballot resulted in sixteen votes for F. E. Sheldon of Mt. Ayr. The president declared Mr. Sheldon duly elected. Mr. Weaver moved that the salary of the treasurer be fixed at two hundred and fifty dollars per year and traveling expenses as provided by law and that he be required to give a personal bond of one hundred thousand dollars, same to be approved by the board. Motion seconded by Mr. Curtin, and carried. Mr. B. W. Garrett, clerk of the supreme court, appeared before the board and administered the oath of office to Mr. Sheldon as treasurer of the Iowa Department of Agriculture. Mr. Sheldon presented his personal bond for one hundred thousand dollars, signed by Simon Casady, W. S. Nollen and D. N. Grimes, officers of the Central State Bank, as sureties. Mr. Curtin moved that the bond presented by Mr. Sheldon be accepted by the board and filed with the secretary. Motion seconded by Mr. Hoffman, and unanimously adopted. The president announced that the election of Mr. F. E. Sheldon as treasurer of the department left a vacancy on the board of directors from the Eighth District. Mr. J. S. Connelly appeared before the board and presented a proposi- tion for putting on a head-on collision Saturday, August 26. In brief, Mr. Connelly proposed to furnish two locomotives with two box cars attached to each to be used in the collision, he to take care of all expense necessary to put on this collision. The State Fair to receive the first $20,000 taken in at the outside gates up to five o'clock and at the afternoon grand stand; next $10,000 to be paid to Mr. Connelly as compensation for putting on the collision. All amounts over $30,000 to be divided equally between the fair and Mr. Connelly. After considerable discussion Mr. Ferris moved that the board accept the proposition made by Mr. Connelly for the head-on collision and that the executive committee be authorized to enter into a contract on a basis equally as favorable to the fair as the proposition outlined by Mr. Connelly. Upon roll call the vote resulted as follows: Ayes, Mullen, 14 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Corey, Weaver, Davis, Ferris, Tow, Curtiss, Sheldon, Hoffman, McHenry, Pike, Clark, Malcolm. Noes: Cameron, Curtin and Legoe. Ayes, 13. Noes, 3. Upon motion duly made, seconded and carried, the board recessed until 1:00 p. m. AFTERNOON SESSION 1:00 P. M. The board reconvened with the same officers and members present as at the forenoon meeting. Mr. Sheldon moved that Mr. J. C. Beckner of Page County be elected by the board as director of the Eighth District to fill out the unexpired term. Motion seconded by Mr. McHenry, and unanimously adopted. The president declared Mr. Beckner duly elected. Upon motion made, seconded and carried the board adjourned to meet at the call of the president. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING May 11, 1922 Immediately following the board meeting, the executive committee met with the following members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. A telegram from Mr. D. V. Moore, secretary of the International As- sociation of Fairs, calling attention to the hearing before the Western Passenger Association in Chicago on Tuesday, May 16, on special pas- senger rates to state fairs, was read by the secretary. The committee authorized the secretary to attend this meeting as a representative of the Iowa State Fair. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING May 25-26-27, 1922. The committee met with the following members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey; also Directors F. E. Sheldon and J. C. Beckner. Mr. B. W. Garrett, clerk of the supreme court, administered the oath of office to Mr. J. C. Beckner as director of the State Board of Agriculture from the Eighth District. The committee assigned Mr. Beckner as superintendent of the admis- sions department. The committee and Mr. Sheldon went over all the details of the admissions department with Mr. Beckner. The committee employed Mr. T. H. Fogarty to construct twenty horse- shoe courts for taking care of the state and national horseshoe pitching tournaments. The committee, with Mr. Fogarty and the superintendent of grounds, laid out the courts and authorized the purchase of the necessary ma- terial for properly equipping same. The committee conferred with Adjutant General Lasher and Gov. N. E. Kendall regarding the borrowing or purchasing of the two 350 k. w. transformers. Inasmuch as the state was unable to close the contract PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 15 for the buildings and equipment at Camp Dodge, the secretary was authorized to cooperate with Governor Kendall with a view to borrowing these transformers from the War Department with the understanding that they were to either be returned after the State Fair or a satisfactory settlement made for same. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING June 28-29-30 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The committee met with Mr. C. G. Van Vliet and Dean Schooler for the purpose of discussing arrangements for the Midseason Automobile Show to be held in connection with the Iowa State Fair. It was agreed that the three north platforms in Machinery Hall were to be set aside for the Automobile, Truck and Accessory exhibit. The rent to be 15c per square foot or $90 for a full space. The committee met with Mr. Warsaw, representing the Ford Motor Com- pany, for the purpose of arranging space for the Ford exhibit. The com- mittee visited the grounds with Mr. Warsaw and he was shown Power Hall and also all of the ground between Power Hall and the street car entrance. The charge for this space to be $1,000 for Power Hall and 25c per front foot for the space in the open field. No definite arrange- ments were made regarding this space. The committee met with Adjutant General Lasher and made arrange- ments for the use of the two 350 K. W. transformers. The following bids were received for publishing the official catalog based on 444 pages, 25 per cent of the expense to be paid by the Iowa State Fair and 75 per cent to be paid by E. L. Keyser and D. J. Tracy, who have the contract for publishing the official catalog: 8,000 copies 10,000 copies Advance Printing Company $3,000 $3,400 James J. Doty Publishing Company 3,100 3,500 Campbell Printing Company 3,100 3,500 Homestead Printing Company 2,650 The committee authorized Mr. Keyser and Mr. Tracy to let this con- tract to the Homestead Printing Company as per above bid. The committee met with Professor P. C. Taff and F. P. Reed for the purpose of making final arrangement for handling the mess hall for the boys and girls taking part in club work. It was agreed that the State Fair, management would turn over floral hall for this purpose. Remove the old tables, shelving, etc., and place the floor in reasonably good repair. Also build in the necessary tables, counters, wash racks, etc., and provide one large range and one large refrigerator which were to be borrowed from the adjutant general's department. The superin- tendents of the department, Mr. Taff and Mr. Reed were authorized to arrange for a manager of the mess hall and the same to be operated so 16 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I that the expense of operation will be taken care of by the charge made for meals. They also to arrange for the necessary dishes, cooking utensils and other equipment. The secretary was authorized to employ Harry Strandholm as chef of the club dining hall. The budget for the help in the dining hall, including the salary of the chef, not to exceed $650. President Cameron appointed Mr. Sears McHenry to succeed Mr. F. E. Sheldon on the auditing committee. The committee with the superintendent of grounds made a thorough investigation of the proposed roads leading out of the camp grounds. The committee decided to improve the road leading from the camp grounds near the game keeper's cottage to Dean Avenue, and direct- ing the superintendent of grounds to do the necessary grading and cin- dering of same. The secretary was authorized to pay the dues amounting to $25 issued by the organization known as the National Association of Commissioners and Secretaries of Agriculture. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING July 11-12, 1922 Members present: Mullen and Corey. The committee met with Mr. Warsaw and Mr. Edmonds of the Ford Motor Company for the purpose of arranging space for their exhibit dur- ing the State Fair. The committee and representatives of the Ford Motor Company visited the fair grounds and it was decided that they should have all of power hall for a rental of $1,000; the 80 feet of open space west of power hall and one-half of the block, 150x260 feet north of power hall. The outside space to be paid for at 25c per front foot. The board of control submitted their bids for constructing booths in the grand stand exhibit room. The lumber bill amounted to $1,100 and labor $610. As per previous arrangements by the executive committee it was agreed that the State Fair would pay for the lumber and other material and the board of control would pay for the labor. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING July 20-21, 1922 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The committee appropriated $150 for the purpose of bringing the Madrid Boy Scout band, consisting of 40 pieces, to the Iowa State Fair. The secretary presented a communication from Dr. Means stating that it would be necessary for her to make a special trip from New York City to Des Moines to take charge of the baby health department. She also asked that the board pay her actual expenses while on this trip in lieu of any per diem for services as medical director of the baby health department. The committee granted this request. The proposition to bring two loan art exhibits to the Iowa State Fair PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE 17 at an expense of $200 and transportation as submitted by Prof. Cum- ming, superintendent of the art department, was approved by the com- mittee. The following plan and budget for decorating the agricultural building was approved by the committee: The Wingate Company for placing bunting decorations in the ceiling, $200. Fred Heathershaw for decorating band stand and back walls with grain and agricultural products, $350. It was also the understanding that this will compensate Mr. Heathershaw for his service as assistant superintendent of the agricultural department from August 15 until all exhibits are returned at the close of the fair. Wilson Floral Company for furnishing southern smilax for decorating columns, and for palms, ferns and plants used in decorating the building, also to take care of a rental charge of $75 for the use of trellis used on columns, for the sum of $300. The secretary was authorized to accept the proposition of the Kirk- man Rolling and Adjustable Trellis Company which provided that upon payment of $50 in addition to the $75 rent paid by the Wilson Floral Company, and also granting said company the use of a small booth in the agricultural building in which to demonstrate and sell the trellis, the trellis to become the property of the State Fair. Said company also agrees to take down the trellis, repaint and replace it for the next five years for a space to demonstrate and sell the trellis in the agricultural building. The secretary was authorized to complete the horseshoe pitching courts, this to include setting the posts and roping off the grounds, provide the bleachers and all necessary supplies as required by Mr. Leighton, the tournament manager. The committee also agreed that where a manufacturer of horseshoes contributed a trophy valued at not less than $25 that they were to be granted free space for exhibiting and selling their shoes. The communication from the highway commission in which they offered to permanently assign 90 or 100 pyramid tents, 16x16 feet, was presented to the committee. The committee authorized the secretary to make arrangements for 90 of these tents to be used in taking care of the overflow of boys and girls in the dormitory, also the boy scouts which help in the various departments. The secretary was authorized to purchase, not to exceed, 200 wire cots and 200 bed sacks. The committee with Dean Curtiss visited the fair grounds for the purpose of working out a plan to provide box seats in the stock pavilion. It was decided to build sixteen boxes, providing six seats each, on the west side, and also the same number on the east side of the pavilion. Mr. F. E. Van Alstine representing the Fischer Flying Circus, placed a proposition to bring a flying circus to the Iowa State Fair, and to make the following flights: Day flights to consist of stunt flying, parachute drops from aeroplane, aero combat between two planes, also an illuminated night flight, not less than three displays of fireworks attached to plane. The cost to be $600 for the night flights and $100 and the exclusive passenger carrying privilege for the day flights. 2 18 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I The committee accepted the proposition made by Mr. Van Alstine and authorized the secretary to execute the contract. The secretary was authorized to employ an assistant in the publicity department qualified to write up and give the proper publicity to the live stock end of the show. The committee with Mr. Fairall visited the Des Moines daily news- paper offices and discussed plans for this year's fair and solicited the co-operation of the newspapers in giving the fair the proper publicity. The committee agreed to meet on August 3 and the secretary was directed to notify Mr. J. C. Beckner, superintendent of the admissions department, and Mr. C. E. Hoffman, superintendent of the public safety department, to meet with the committee at that time for the purpose of going over the details of their departments. The committee met with Mr. Waymack, managing editor of the Register and discussed plans for the final judging in the state-wide beauty contest and the entertainment of the girls in the contest. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING August 3-4, 1922. Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The committee met with Cyrus Harvey, Dr. Holmes of Drake Uni- versity, Mr. Vaughn, Des Moines University and Mr. Dean of Simpson College and discussed a plan for the sectarian colleges to make an ex- hibit and headquarters at the fair. It was agreed that these colleges were to be assigned five full spaces in machinery hall and that all colleges were to be invited to occupy this space with exhibits. The space to be donated and one ticket issued for a representative of each college. The committee accepted the proposition of the Thomas Electric Com- pany to furnish three loud speaking machines and install same in front of grand stand, also install and operate a broadcasting station on the fair grounds during the fair for the sum of $200.00. The committee authorized the secretary to employ T. Fred Henry's orchestra at $492 to play in the agricultural building and stock pavilion, alternating with the Page County Band. The committee agreed to assign one-half space in machinery hall to the Des Moines Automobile Club for the purpose of maintaining a road information bureau for State Fair visitors. Also the Chamber of Commerce a 35 foot space under the overhanging roof of machinery hall on the east side near the northeast entrance. The committee accepted the proposition of F. M. Barnes to deduct $500 from his contract and cancel the act "Ballet of Jewels." The committee met with representatives of the Register and Tribune for the purpose of making arrangements for the beauty contest. The committee approved payment of bills. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 19 SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETINGS August 14, 1922. Mr. H. L. Pike, superintendent of the cattle department, assigned stalls in the cattle department. August 14-15, 1922. Mr. C. F. Curtiss, superintendent of the horse department, and Mr. Joe McCoy, assistant superintendent, assigned stalls in the horse de- partment, and also arranged the daily judging program, and the program for the four night horse shows. August 16, 1922. Mr. Cyrus A. Tow, superintendent of the swine department, assigned pens in the swine department. IN VACATION As per instructions of the executive committee the secretary made contract with T. Fred Henry for a seven piece orchestra for seven days for $492 to play concerts in the agricultural building and stock pavilion. As per instructions of the executive committee the secretary made arrangements with Mrs. I. H. Tomlinson to serve as chaperone and hostess to the girls entered in the beauty contest for the sum of $100. Space 20 x 35 feet was assigned to the U. S. Navy in machinery de- partment. An order was placed with the Seick Tent & Awning Com- pany for a new awning of 12 ounce duck for enclosing the south side of the exhibit room under the grandstand for the sum of $225. The following bids were received for furnishing canvas for large canvas sign 12 x 94 feet of 10 ounce duck to be placed on back of grandstand advertising Night Show: Stoner McCray Company $105.00 Des Moines Tent & Awning Company 95.00 Seick Tent & Awning Company 67.68 Contract was awarded to the Seick Tent & Awning Company on the above figures. Contract was given the Stoner McCray Company for painting large canvas sign for the sum of $150. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING August 19— September 2, 1922, Inc. The executive committee held no regular meetings during the period of the fair. The committee approved payment of all bills and contracts made dur- ing the period of the fair, and also such other matters that were brought to their attention for adjustment. 20 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Wednesday, August 30, 1922. Board Room, Administration Building, 10:15 P. M. As per the call of the president the board convened in the board room at 10:15 p. m. with the following members present: Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Sheldon, Weaver, Davis, Ferris, Curtin, Tow, Legoe, Beckner, Hoffman, McHenry and Pike. For the purpose of considering the following protest filed by A. J. Blakely & Son: August 30, 1922. To the Iowa State Board of Agriculture, Des Moines, Iowa. Gentlemen: The undersigned exhibitor at the Iowa State Fair hereby formally pro- tests the eligibility of sheep labeled A. F. Arnold to compete in the "Iowa Specials," Divisions No. 46 and No. 48, under the entry of Warner, Hill and Arnold exhibitors. Similarly, the sheep labeled O. F. Warner are protested to compete in the "Iowa Specials," Divisions No. 46 and 48, under the entry Hanson & Warner exhibitors. The sheep exhibited by Warner, Hill & Arnold carrying ear tags A. F. Arnold, are registered in the American & Delaine Merino Record Associa- tion as bred by A. F. Arnold, and the sheep exhibited by Hanson & Warner, carrying ear tags O. F. Warner, are registered in the American & Delaine Merino Record Association as bred by O. F. Warner. Evidence will follow. (Signed) A. J. Blakely & Son, by A. J. Blakely Jr. August 28, 1922. A. J. Blakely, Jr., Des Moines, Iowa. Dear Sir: Warner, Hill & Arnold have never recorded any sheep in this associa- tion but I find they have had the following sheep transferred to Warner & Hill: A. F. Arnold Nos. 527, 563 & 544. 1920 correct Nos. 584 & 539; Nos. 607 & 546; Nos. 492 & 498; Nos. 589, 563 & 544. Nos. 624 & 652 born 1922. No. 415 born 1919 and No. 371 born 1917. Nos. 388 & 393 born 1918. Numbers not mentioned as to year born are correct. Nos. 51, 44, 5, 33, 38 & 39 are recorded as O. R. Warner and have not been transferred. Ages are correct on these numbers. Hope this gives you the necessary information. American and Delaine-Merino Record Ass'n., (Signed) Gowdy Williamson. Mr. A. J. Blakely Jr. appeared before the board and explained why the protest was filed, and why the sheep entered in the name of Warner, Hill & Arnold and the sheep entered in the name of Hanson & Warner were not entitled to be shown in the Iowa Specials Divisions. Mr. O. F. Warner appeared before the board and explained his position and ad- PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 21 mitted under the strict interpretation of the rules governing the eligibility of sheep shown in the Iowa divisions that the sheep entered in the name of Warner, Hill & Arnold and the sheep entered in the name of Hanson & Warner, were not eligible to these classes. On motion duly made, seconded and carried the protest was sustained and the secretary was instructed to return the $20 deposit to Mr. Blakely and Superintendent Davis was instructed to correct the awards in these divisions eliminating the herds shown by Warner, Hill & Arnold and Hanson & Warner. Upon motion the board adjourned. MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Thursday, August 31, 1922. Board Room, Administration Building, 8:00 P. M. As per the call of the president the board convened in the board room of the administration building at 8:00 p. m. with the following members present: Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Sheldon, Weaver, Davis, Ferris. Cur- tin, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, Beckner, Hoffman, McHenry and Pike. The purpose of the meeting was to present the pay rolls of the various superintendents for approval of the board. The following pay rolls were presented and for the information of the board the secretary also pre- sented the amount of the budget for each pay roll as appropriated and approved by the board at the February meeting, also the amount of 1921 pay rolls for comparison. Pay Roll Budget Pay Roll 1921 1922 1922 Department Fair Fair Fair Treasurer $ 3,967 $ 2,700 $ 2,891.00 Admissions 6,318 4,600 4,574.35 Admissions — Ushers 1,348 1,000 900.00 Police 4,428 3,500 3,284.20 Concession 3,124 2,500 2,457.00 Horse 1,994 1,500 1,582.40 Cattle 1,575 1,250 1,403.75 Swine 1,019 750 962.50 Sheep 654 500 622.00 Poultry 490 400 399.50 Machinery 1,560 850 848.22 Agricultural 1,218 750 820.00 Horticultural 589 450 576.60 Speed 1,316 970 989.50 Textile and China 665 500 471.00 Educational 334 250 256.00 Ticket Auditing 479 350 325.00 Boys and Girls' Club 1,292 900 989.25 Boys and Girls' Judging Contest 102 75 60.00 Baby Health 1,332 950 1,167.02 W. and C. Building Program Com 1,038 800 520.73 Day Nursery 222 200 144.00 Campers Headquarters 387 175 174.00 Property Men 447 400 278.20 Art 285 225 261.42 Awards 92 100 134.50 Forage 912 750 700.67 $37,186 $27,395 $27,792.81 22 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I On motion duly made by Mr. Weaver and seconded by Mr. Ferris the pay rolls as presented were approved by the board and the secretary was instructed to issue an expense warrant covering the amount of each pay roll and deposit same with the Central State Bank to the credit of the superintendent's pay roll account. The superintendents were directed to issue pay roll checks to the em- ployes in their respective departments signing the checks "Iowa Depart- ment of Agriculture, Per , Superintendent." Mr. Mullen presented the following resolution pertaining to the press and beauty contest and moved their adoption: WHEREAS, The search conducted during the last ten months to find the most beautiful girl in the State of Iowa, to be crowned queen of the 1922 Iowa State Fair, has been eminently successful, and. WHEREAS, The manner of conducting this search and the impartiality in the selection of the winner have met with the commendation of the State at large, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED, That the Iowa State Board of Agriculture hereby extend a sincere expression of appreciation to the Des Moines Register for the splendid assistance given in conducting this search. The State Board of Agriculture feels that the Des Moines Register has performed a splendid service in this, has conducted the contest on a particularly dignified plane, and has, in the publicity given to the contest and to the Iowa State Fair, done a splendid piece of work. Resolutions to the Press of the State of Iowa. WHEREAS, The Iowa State Board of Agriculture, constituting the board of managers of the Iowa State Fair and Exposition, feels that through their cooperation the newspapers of the State of Iowa have ren- dered a great service and contributed materially to the success of the 1922 Iowa State Fair, and WHEREAS, The Iowa State Fair and Exposition, being a state institu- tion, the property of the people of Iowa and representing the achieve- ments of this great state, holds a position which makes its success of direct interest to every citizen of Iowa, and WHEREAS, The Iowa State Board of Agriculture wishes to make known its appreciation of this support by the press, both in its own be- half and in behalf of the citizens of the State of Iowa who are the di- rect owners of the exposition, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED, That the Iowa State Board of Agriculture hereby extend to the newspapers, farm papers and other publications of Iowa, a sincere expression of appreciation for their splendid assistance in making the 1922 Iowa State Fair and Exposition the crowning success which it has been.- The motion was seconded by Mr. McHenry and unanimously adopted. Upon motion the Board adjourned. MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Friday, September 1, 1922 Board Room, Administration Building, 8:30 P. M. As per the call of the president the board convened at 8:30 p. m. in the board room of the administration building. Upon roll call the follow- PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 23 ing members responded: Cameron, Corey, Sheldon, Weaver, Davis, Ferris, Curtin, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, Beckner, Hoffman, McHenry and Pike. Mr. Mullen having been excused for the purpose of attending the meeting of the National Horseshoe Pitchers' Association at the Randolph hotel, at which time the prizes and trophies awarded in the national and state tournaments were to be awarded to the winners. C. F. Curtiss presented the pay roll of the horse department for $1,582.40. On motion duly made, seconded and carried the pay roll as presented was approved. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING September 26-27, 1922 Members present, Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The committee approved the pay roll and expense account submitted by Mrs. I. H. Tomlinson for the beauty contest. This to include $50 additional to Mrs. Tomlinson on account of extra services she was asked to render in, the matter of selecting judges, arranging for the pageant, etc. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING October 12-13, 1922 The committee met with members Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The committee approved payment of the bill rendered by the board of control for the state fair's share of expense in building exhibit booths under the grand stand, amounting to $1,310.50. The communication from the Independent Tent & Awning Company along with a statement of the business they did on the state fair grounds during the 1922 state fair was brought to the attention of the committee. The secretary was directed to notify the Independent Tent & Awning Company that they would be expected to pay a concession of 10%, amounting to $100, on the business they did during the 1922 fair. The application for a concession for the 1923 fair to be taken up imme- diately after the board meeting on December 14th. The communication from Frederica Shattuck who had charge of the little country theatre, was presented to the committee. The statement showed that the total receipts were $451.60, but did not include an itemized statement covering the operating expenses. Inasmuch as the committee had agreed to make up any deficit in the operating expense up to $800, the secretary was directed to secure an itemized statement showing the actual cost of operating the little country theatre, and issue a warrant covering the difference between the receipts and the actual operating expense provided that it did not exceed $348.40. The secretary presented a list and budget covering planting at the state fair grounds that Mr. Foglesong recommended be done this fall amounting to $231.35. The committee approved the budget. 24 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING October 25, 1922 The meeting of the special committee consisted of the executive com- mittee, Mr. A. C. Tow, superintendent of the swine department and Mr. J. C. Duncan, assistant superintendent, called for the purpose of giving Mr. L. H. Glover of Grandview, Missouri, an opportunity to be heard regarding the 1922 Iowa State Fair. The evidence produced showed that the sow Revelation's Best 298024, shown as a substitute entry at the 1922 Iowa State Fair by L. H. Glover was in fact owned by L. H. Glover and Sophian Farms at the time entries closed at the Iowa State Fair. Said sow was shown and won first place at the Missouri State Fair by the Sophian Farms, and was also entered at the Iowa State Fair by Sophian Farms. After a full hearing and Mr. Glover admitted the facts as set out above, Mr. Mullen offered the following motion which was seconded by Mr. Tow and adopted: Resolved that the Iowa State Fair withhold the $15, first prize won by L. H. Glover on the sow Revela- tion's Best 298024, in the class for senior yearling sow, also the third prize of $8 for the aged herd, bred and owned by exhibitor, which herd included the sow Revelation's Best. This action was taken in accordance with rules 8 and 10 published in the 1922 Iowa State Fair premium list, which provides that all animals must be entered in the name of the bona fide owner and that all animals must be owned by the exhibitor at the time entries close. By motion duly made, seconded and carried, Mr. Glover was requested and consented to refund the $15 paid him at the close of the Iowa State Fair in 1921 on account of showing the boar "Tyes Liberater" in the aged herd class by Glover and Moore. Said showing being in viola- tion of rules 8 and 10 of the 1921 Iowa State Fair. The secretary was authorized to deduct the sum of $38 as above enumerated from Mr. Glover's winnings and pay him the balance amount- ing to $125.00. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING October 25-26, 1922 Members present, Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The secretary "and superintendent of grounds were also directed to arrange with the Seick Tent & Awning Company for moving the three buildings owned by said company, about 100 feet west, and to move the Grand Avenue entrance to the camp grounds abou* 50 feet west. A communication from the governor calling for a budget for the years 1922 and 1923 was brought to the attention of the committee. It was agreed that the board should recommend $2,000 for insurance; $2,400 for the support of the department of agriculture and $15,000 for maintenance of state fair grounds and buildings annually. The committee went over the schedule of insurance on buildings at the state fair grounds and directed the secretary to place the following additional insurance: $1,000 fire and tornado on farm houses; $5,000 PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 25 fire and tornado on secretary's residence. The above insurance to be placed in the Town Mutual Insurance Company. $10,000 additional fire and tornado on women and children's building. The secretary brought to the attention of the committee the fact that the Des Moines city council had received bids on Monday, October 23rd, for paving Dean Avenue from 30th to 34th street, and that the specifi- cations provided that the work was to be completed within thirty days. Inasmuch as the executive committee had already recommended that a hard surface pavement be laid along the state fair grounds, they did not deem it advisable to agree to laying any pavement this fall for the reason that it would be impossible to complete same before freez- ing weather. The secretary was directed to co-operate with the attorney general in protesting against the letting of this contract until 1923. AUDITING COMMITTEE MEETING November 17 and 21 Members of the auditing committee Pike, Davis and McHenry audited all bills on file on November 17th and 21st. MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE December 14, 1922 The board convened at 9:30 o'clock a. m. with President Cameron presiding. The following members responded to roll call: C. E. Cam- eron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, F. E. Sheldon, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, Earl Ferris, E. J. Curtin, C. F. Curtiss, C. A. Tow, J. C. Beckner, Carl E. Hoffman, Sears McHenry and H. L. Pike. The secretary read the minutes of the board and executive committee meetings commencing with the board meeting held March 7th and 8th, 1922, and concluded with the auditing committee meeting held Novem- ber 21st, 1922. There being no corrections or additions to the minutes, President Cameron announced that the minutes would stand approved as read. The secretary presented the report of the state accountant, Mr. F. H. Paul, which had been filed with the president of the board, omitting the financial statement and other tabulations accompanying the same as they were simply a duplicate of the financial statement and other comparative statements found in the report of the secretary. TO THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF IOWA AND BOARD OF DIREC- TORS OF THE IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Gentlemen: The following is a report of the examination of the Iowa Department of Agriculture, for the period from December 1, 1921, to November 30, 1922. IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The examination of this department covers a period from December 1st, 1921, to November 30th, 1922. 26 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I The examination and audit of this department is made in compliance with the statutes of this state, requiring the same to be made before the board meeting in December of each year. In making the examination, check and audit, we have checked all sources from which revenue of the department is received. The records show that all funds from' whatever source received have been turned over to the treasurer of the department and fully accounted for. All claims for expense and maintenance for the fair and depart- ment have been examined and all premium awards have been carefully examined to ascertain if properly executed, the proper approval made thereof and the record approval by the board made before payment was made. The checks issued by the treasurer of the department for payment of claims filed and approved, for expenses and the maintenance of the fair and the premium awards made and approved, have been checked against each and compared to ascertain if proper payments were made. A number of checks issued by the treasurer are outstanding, not having been presented for payment. A list of such and all outstanding checks and warrants is submitted herewith. The buildings on the grounds are kept insured in companies author- ized to transact business in this state. The amount of fire insurance in force on buildings, including secretary's house and barn, amounts to the sum of $218,500.00. The tornado insurance in force on buildings on the grounds amount to the sum of $271,500.00. The premiums paid on both amount to the sum of $6,808.39. These policies expire in 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1927 as shown by statement submitted herewith. The boys and girls in the public schools of the state, in their spelling contest, manifest the same enthusiasm as ever. It is one of the draw- ing attractions of the fair. The names of the boys and girls winning places in the contest are submitted herewith. Your attention is called to the comparative tables, showing the re- ceipts and disbursements of the fair for the years 1921 and 1922. It will be seen that the receipts for 1922 were $313,259.49 and those for the year 1921 were $297,695.25, a gain of $15,564.24. The total premium awards for 1922 fair were $104,521.65 and those for 1921 were $120,427.64, a decrease of $15,905.99. The total expense of the fair, other than improvements, maintenance of grounds and premium awards were for 1922 the sum of $161,753.46, that for the year 1921 were $173,696.63, a decrease of $11,943.17. The total receipts from all sources for the fair of 1922 including cash balance at the close of the previous year, was $349,235.33, that for the year 1921 was $419,740.55, a decrease of $70,505.22. The total disbursements for all purposes for the year 1922 was $314,- 670.16, that for the year 1921 was $395,680.53, showing a saving of $81,010.37 over last year in expenses. The records and books of the secretary and treasurer of the depart- ment, showing the number and value of tickets issued, sold and returned, have been carefully checked and reconciled, a full accounting having been made. The records kept of non-paid admissions to the grounds, grand stand, and stock pavilion have been checked and a statement of PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE 27 the same is submitted herewith. The free list shows an increase over that of last year. A copy of the inventory taken in 1921 is submitted herewith showing the assets and liabilities. The inventory for 1922 is not yet completed. The records show that there was received, from fees received for the registration of stallions and jacks, the sum of $3,877.00. This amount was turned over to the treasurer of the department, a statement of the same is submitted herewith. The over-payment to Geo. E. Whitney of $2.00 shown in last year's report has been returned to the treasurer of the department. A few errors were found, but have been corrected. In the early part of the year the board met and adopted a budget for each department of the fair, fixing a total of $146,620.00 as the expenses for the year 1922 fair. After this had been adopted they took on the train wreck, which cost the association $12,650.00, making a total of $159,270.00. The records show that the total expense of the fair, other than premiums, was $161,753.46, which exceeded the budget in the sum of $1,483.46. The board is to be commended for adopting a budget, for the expense of the fair, and should each year make up and adopt a budget, for each department and so supervise the expense of the department, that it carries on its work within the amount set apart for it. The records and books of the department are well kept and up to date. A trial balance is taken each month. F. H. PAUL, Accountant. H. E. CROFT, LOO LOO M. PAGE, Assistants. There being no further business to come before the old board, the president announced that a motion to adjourn sine die would be in order. On motion duly made, seconded and carried the board adjourned sine die. The new board immediately convened and Mr. B. W. Garrett, clerk of the supreme court, administered the oath of office to the following newly elected officers and members of the state board of agriculture: C. E. Cameron, J. P. Mullen, E. T. Davis, E. J. Curtin, C. Ed. Beman, J. C. Beckner and Sears McHenry. The roll was called and the following members responded: C. E. Cameron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, F. E. Sheldon, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, Earl Ferris, E. J. Curtin, C. A. Tow, C. F. Curtiss, C. Ed. Beman, J. C. Beckner, Carl E. Hoffman, Sears McHenry and H. L. Pike. The president announced that the next order of business would be the election of a secretary and treasurer. Mr. H. C. Weaver moved that A. R. Corey be re-elected secretary at a salary of $4,000.00 per year as provided by law and that he be required to give a surety bond of $10,000.00, the premium to be paid out of the state fair fund. In addition to the salary fixed by law the secretary to be given the use of the house on the state fair grounds, also gasoline and maintenance for automobile owned by the secretary and used in part for state business. The motion was seconded by Mr. Sheldon and unanimously adopted. 28 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I President Cameron declared Mr. A. R. Corey duly elected secretary for the ensuing year. Mr. Sears McHenry moved that Mr. F. E. Sheldon be elected treas- urer to succeed himself for the ensuing year at a salary of $250 per year and traveling expenses as provided by law, and that he be required to give a personal bond of $100,000 to be approved by the board and filed with the secretary. Motion was seconded by Secretary Corey and unanimously adopted. President Cameron declared Mr. Sheldon of Ringgold county duly elected treasurer for the ensuing year. Mr. Pike moved that the executive committee be authorized to employ a superintendent of grounds at not to exceed $1,800 per year. Mr. C. A. Tow moved that the executive committee recommend a list of superintendents for the various departments and report at the after- noon meeting. Motion was seconded by Mr. Davis and carried. The matter of fixing the dates for the 1923 Iowa State Fair was dis- cussed by the board. They were informed that the executive com- mittee had claimed the same relative dates at the meeting of the Inter- national Association of fairs held in Toronto, Canada, on November 29th. Mr. McHenry moved that the dates for the 1923 Iowa State Fair be set for August 22 to 31 inclusive, August 22 and 23 to be preparation days and the same admission fee charged as at the 1922 fair. Motion was seconded by Mr. Hoffman and unanimously adopted. Mr. R. F. O'Donnell of Mason City, representing the county agents and Mr. John A. Day, special representative of the Iowa Beef Producers association, appeared before the board and presented the request of the two organizations mentioned above, for better accommodations to house the boys and girls' calf club exhibit and the boys and girls' pig club exhibit. They were of the opinion that at least 400 additional pens should be provided for the pig club exhibit and stalls for not less than 750 head of calves as they anticipate this number will be on exhibi- tion at the 1923 Iowa State Fair. They also stated that they realized it would be necessary to secure a state appropriation to make these improvements and that they would be glad to co-operate with the boaid in securing such an appropriation. Mr. O'Donnell also suggested that it would be more satisfactory if a judging program was arranged so that the pigs and calves would not be judged at the same time as it is quite necessary for the county agent or club leader to be with the boys and girls at the time the judging of both takes place. He also indicated that they should have at least a day and one-half for judging the baby beeves at the 1923 State Fair. The suggestion was also made that the privileges of the boys and girls dormitories be limited to the boys and girls exhibiting live stock and on the demonstration teams. Mr. O'Connell also stated that at the county agents' conference at Ames a short time ago, steps were taken to increase the exhibit in the pure bred heifer division. The board recessed until 1:30 p. m. The board having accepted the invitation of the Greater Des Moines Committee, proceeded to the Des Moines club where lunch was served. Short addresses were given by President Cameron, Secretary Corey, E. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 29 T. Meredith, Harvey Ingham and J. P. Wallace. The Greater Des Moines Committee, through its chairman and other members, expressed its de- sire to co-operate with the fair management in stimulating more local interest in the state fair. Afternoon Session, 1:30 p. m. Mr. Pike moved that the management of the 1923 Iowa State Fair be delegated to the executive committee and elective members of the board as provided by law. The motion was seconded by Mr. Davis and adopted. - The secretary informed the board that it would be necessary to publish the premium list for the educational department at an early date in order that it may be placed in the hands of the schools shortly after the first of January. Mr. Weaver moved that the secretary be authorized to publish the educational premium list and that there be appropriated for prizes not to exceed $850. Motion was seconded by Mr. Curtiss and adopted. The executive committee recommended the following list of superin- tendents for the 1923 fair: Public Safety— Carl E. Hoffman. Admissions — C. Ed. Beman. Concessions and Privileges — Sears McHenry. Horses — C. F. Curtiss. Speed — E. J. Curtin. Cattle— H. L. Pike. Swine — C. A. Tow. Sheep— E. T. Davis. Implements and Machinery — J. P. Mullen. Agriculture — H. O. Weaver. Dairy— R. G. Clark. Horticulture — Earl Ferris. Exposition Building — J. C. Beckner. Mr. McHenry moved that the list of superintendents as recommended by the executive committee be approved by the board. Motion was seconded by Mr. Curtiss and carried. The secretary informed the board of the exhibit put on by the U. S. Department of Agriculture at the recent international live stock exposi- tion. This educational exhibit consists of 21 booths 15 feet wide and 10 feet deep and covers the activities of the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture. The secretary also suggested that there was a possibility of se- curing this exhibit for the 1923 Iowa State Fair providing the manage- ment furnish a suitable building and make application for same at an early date. Mr. Davis moved that the secretary be instructed to communicate with secretary Wallace requesting that this exhibit be sent to the Iowa State Fair this year. Motion was seconded by Mr. Ferris and adopted. Miss Neale S. Knowles appeared before the board and explained the county project exhibits that are being put on by the farm bureau women of the state. Miss Knowles stated that in 1922 twelve of these exhibits were put on at the state fair in the room assigned to the home economics 30 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I department in the women's building, and in the hallway just outside of this room. She also stated that it cost in the neighborhood of $75 or $100 to bring the home demonstration agent to the fair for the purpose of putting on and explaining these exhibits, and that she would like to interest the board in offering premiums for such exhibits. She further stated that she should have more space. The exhibits to be scored by a score card and no exhibit to receive a premium unless it scored at least 500 points out of a possible 1000 points. She also stated that if no other space was available that by partition through the home economics class room it would be possible to take care of 18 county exhibits and that 18 counties had already indicated that they would make an exhibit at the 1923 fair. Mr. Hoffman moved that $500 be appropriated as prizes for the County Project exhibits put on by the Farm Bureau women as outlined by Miss Knowles. Motion was seconded by Mr. Pike and unanimously adopted. Mr. F. E. Sheldon presented his bond of $100,000 signed by himself, Grant McPherrin, L. W. Grimes and Simon Casady. Mr. McHenry moved that the bond presented by Mr. Sheldon be approved by the board and filed with the secretary. Motion was seconded by Mr. Mullen and unanimously adopted. The secretary presented the following suggestions for taking care of the boys and girls' calf club and pig club exhibits: It is quite evident to every member of the board that the boys and girls' club department has grown beyond our expectations. This is es- pecially true of the calf and pig club departments. It is not necessary to present any argument as to the merit of this work. Over eight hundred farm boys and girls took an active part in this year's fair either by making an exhibit or as a member of a judg- ing or demonstration team. The most important features of this department are the calf and pig club exhibits. The board must realize if these exhibits are to grow or even maintain the present standard, more suitable quarters must be pro- vided for taking care of them. The tent in which the pigs have been exhibited is not only an expensive proposition each year, but in case of rain or warm weather, is very unsatisfactory to the boys and girls show- ing their pigs. This year a wonderful exhibit of 350 head of baby beeves was crowded out of the cattle barn into the old nurse cow sheds. These quarters were not satisfactory to the boys and girls and were never intended to house exhibition stock. They are in the back yard and seldom visited by the public. I believe the board should at this meeting decide upon some definite plan for taking care of these exhibits. The legislature should be asked to appropriate sufficient funds to make these improvements. It should not be a difficult matter to figure out a plan to provide the additional pens in the court of the swine barn and it would not be expensive construction.' The matter of providing quarters for the calf club exhibit is a more difficult problem. Suitable quarters for this exhibit might be provided by completing the sheep barn and using the west half for this purpose. The uncompleted section would be 140x232 feet and would provide stalls PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 31 for 500 head of calves. It would be inexpensive construction, as the two main entrances were completed at the time the first section was built. At this time the various propositions were thoroughly discussed by the board. It was the unanimous opinion of the board that if the additional pens were to be added to the swine pavilion that the present judging ring should be moved to the center so that when the barn was completed the pens would entirely surround the judging ring. The board also agreed that the most economical plan for taking care of the calf club exhibit would be to complete the sheep barn and use the new section for housing this exhibit. Mr. Davis moved that the executive committee have the architect prepare sketches for the completion of the sheep barn and for moving the judging ring in the swine pavilion and providing the addi- tional pens. And that the executive committee be requested to present the matter to the legislature for their consideration. Motion was seconded by Mr. McHenry and unanimously adopted. President Cameron informed the board that the executive committee had transmitted to the governor a request in the form of a budget asking for $2,000 per year to take care of insurance premiums on buildings and $15,000 annually for improvements, maintenance and repairs to buildings on the state fair grounds. The purpose of the latter item is to replace the roofs on the present swine barn, grandstand and porches of the ad- ministration building and to make the necessary repairs to the gravel roof on machinery hall, etc. The secretary presented a communication from the Hawkeye Fair and Exposition at Fort Dodge and also the traffic manager of the secretary of the chamber of commerce at Fort Dodge, in which they request that some arrangements be made whereby the live stock exhibited at the Hawkeye Fair and Exposition might be accepted at the Iowa State Fair Saturday morning instead of Friday morning. The matter was thor- oughly discussed by the board and the conclusion was reached that it would be impossible to complete the judging at the Iowa State Fair un- less the boys' and girls' pigs and calves were judged the first week of the fair, but that it would be satisfactory to accept the live stock entered in the open classes any time Saturday, August 25th. Mr. Curtiss moved that Rule 15 of the 1922 premium list be revised to read as follows: "Exhibitors of live stock not making a circuit of state, county or district fairs should be on the grounds not later than 9:00 o'clock a. m., Friday, August 24th, and all exhibits other than live stock not later than 6:00 o'clock p. m., Thursday, August 23d, except as other- wise provided for in special rules." Motion was seconded by Mr. Pike and adopted. Mr. McHenry moved that all unfinished business and any other busi- ness necessary in making arrangements for properly conducting the 1923 Iowa State Fair be delegated to the executive committee with power to act. Motion was seconded by Mr. Ferris and carried. On motion duly made, seconded and carried the board adjourned to meet at the call of the president. 32 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING December 15, 1922 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The secretary was authorized to pay J. S. Connolly $500, balance due on contract for train wreck. The secretary was also instructed to get in touch with Keffer & Jones at an early date and have sketches prepared for completing the sheep barn and also the changes as contemplated in the swine barn and judging pavilion. PART II Fifteenth Annual Meeting Iowa Fair Managers' Asso- ciation, Des Moines, Iowa, December 12, 1922 The meeting was called to order at 10:00 a. m. by President E. S. Estel. The roll was called and the convention took up the matters to be considered. President E. S. Estel : At this time I will appoint as the Committee on Credentials Mr. J. C. Beckner, Chairman; Mr. Charles H. Bar- ber and Mr. F. B. Selby. As the Committee on Resolutions I will appoint Mr. S. D. Quarton, Chairman, Mr. H. S. Stanbery and Mr. E. W. Williams. There are a number of matters I believe should receive the atten- tion of the members. In reviewing the minutes of the various meet- ings held for the past two or three years, the officers found that there was nothing which stated the legality of members in this organ- ization. Everyone, whether they have paid their dues or not, have in the past been entitled to a vote. You gentlemen know, I believe, that an organization of this kind must have some regulations and all members must abide by them. It was thought some regulation should be made that no one except those who have paid their dues should be entitled to a vote in the organization. I would be glad to have you discuss that matter at this time briefly, and see if you do not see fit to have a motion made to authorize fixing the membership of the organization. Mr. M. E. Bacon : I would make a motion that all fairs who have not paid their 1922 dues before roll call this afternoon be not con- sidered members of this Association and not have a vote. Mr. Don Moore : I second that motion. President E. S. Estel : You have heard the motion. All in favor of the motion will signify by saying aye, Contrary no. The motion carried. 34 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. We will now have the Treasurer's report: TREASURERS' REPORT. Des Moines, Iowa, December 11, 1922. To the Officers and Members of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association: Gentlemen: Receipts of 1922. Received from Ex. Treasurer Gatch $ 143.39 Received from Secretary Wilkinson 2,471.03 Total receipts $2,614.42 Expenditures: Paid Orders 82 to 122, Inc $1,674.38 Balance on hand 940.04 $2,614.42 Respectfully submitted, (Signed) Roy E. Rowland, Treasurer Iowa Fair Managers' Association. President Estel : I believe before we act upon the report of the Treasurer it might be well to have the report of the Secretary and of the Auditing Committee. We will have the Secretary's report of receipts and disbursements for the year. Report of the Secretary of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association for the year ending December 1, 1922. RECEIPTS Cash Received from F. A. Gatch, Treasurer $ 871.98 Cash Received from M. E. Bacon, Secretary 976.30 1921 Dues Collected 14.72 1922 Dues Collected 923.71 $276.71 DISBURSEMENTS Paid to Roy E. Rowland, Treasurer $2,614.42 Check Returned — "not honored" 20.00 Cash on Hand in Alta State Bank, Alta, Iowa 152.29 $2,786.71 REPORT OF ORDERS DRAWN ON TREASURER Expense Legislative Committee — 1921 $ 499.01 Expense Entertainment Committee — 1921 84.01 Traveling Expense Officers— 1921 115.69 Postage— 1921 7.00 Total $ 743.71 PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 35 Expense of Banquet $ 301.60 Music for Banquet 75.00 Expense 1921 Annual Meeting 10.50 Secretary Salary— 1921 147.66 Postage and Express 16.85 Printing 11.25 Stationery and Supplies 47.50 Dues, International Association Fairs and Expositions. 50.00 Total orders drawn $1,674.38 Respectfully submitted, IOWA FAIR MANAGERS' ASSOCIATION, Roy H. Wilkinson, Secretary. 1916-17-18-19 Dues Uncollected $501.39 1920-1921 Dues not Collected 225.43 1922 Dues still Unpaid 782.09 President Estel : You have heard the report of the Secretary. Are there any questions you wish to ask him? Before passing on that report we will have the report of the Auditing Committee. In order to hasten our meeting along as much as possible the Auditing Committee was appointed last evening — Mr. Carl E. Hoffman, Chair- man, J. P. Mullen and M. E. Bacon. Mr. Hoffman will make his report at this time. Chairman Carl E. Hoffman : Des Moines, Iowa, December 12, 1922. We, the undersigned, duly appointed members of the Auditing Com- mittee of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association, wish to report that we have examined the accounts and reports of the Secretary, and have found the same to be correct as we verily believe. Signed: Carl E. Hoffman, J. P. Mullen, M. E. Bacon. President Estel : Before taking up the discussion this morning there is another matter that it seems should receive the attention of this organization. In reviewing the constitution and the by-laws it was found that we hardly have any at all. The constitution is very inadequate at the present time. It is very uncertain, and the officers wish to recommend to this body that a committee to revise the constitution be appointed, and that committee instructed to re- port at the 1923 annual meeting. I would be glad to have anyone discuss this matter who cares to. Mr. M. E. Bacon : I would make a motion that the President of the Association appoint a committee of three to draft a new consti- 36 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. tution and by-laws, said committee to report back at the next annual meeting of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association to be held in Decem- ber, 1923. President Estel : You have heard the motion which has been seconded. All in favor of the motion signify by saying aye. Con- trary no. The motion is carried. Motions were then made that the Auditor's, Secretary's and Treas- urer's reports be received and placed on file. Carried. President Estel : We have requested that the fair secretaries send in questions for a question box to be discussed this morning. The Secretary will read the first question. Secretary Wilkinson : The first question is, "How many fairs are able to pay the extra cost of the night show proper from the night receipts of the fair?" President Estel : Let's see the hands of all those who paid. I see various members made a profit. How many of those here lost on their night show ? Let's see your hands. Two. Mr. Henry: We staged a circus at Indianola with home talent. We won out on that. In the circus we had forty girls on horseback riding horses from around over the county, donated to us. The girls all worked free of charge. We had to send to Chicago for the costumes at a cost of $669. Everything else was donated. We took in $2,595 at the eve- ning show. We had people come from other counties and they thought it was a great show. For the circus horses we used a pair of horses off a coal wagon that hauled coal all day and practiced every night for five weeks. We had high school boys and high school girls and they did very well. Mr. Gray: I saw Mr. Henry's show and it certainly was a very big show, but I was wondering how many counties in the state had as enthusiastic people who would devote the time to put on a show of that kind. Mr. Eaton: Would you ask for a show of the fairs that made money out of evening shows and those that did not? I would like to see what proportion of fairs of the state gave no evening shows. President Estel : Will you please raise your hands ? There are nine that gave no evening shows. Mr. Williams : I would like to ask the Secretary how many men actually keep an account and invoice of expenses so you know from the time your gates open until your show is over just what your PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 37 night shows costs, a regular invoice so you actually know day after day. I have asked several secretaries and they can't tell me. President Estel : The hands of those who know what your night show costs you. There are fourteen. Mr. Clark : The Marshall county fair keeps the gate receipts and ampitheater receipts separate from the day. Commencing at five o'clock in the afternoon a new rate of admission is made at the outside gate and the receipts from then on, and also the grandstand receipts for the evening are kept separate. The past year our free shows, music and fireworks cost us about $4,550 and our receipts after five o'clock from the outside gate and the grandstand were $4,200, so you can see whether we made any money or not, and we had these shows for the afternoon and the music, too. Mr. Arnold : There is one thing about our night shows. We al- ready have these attractions ; the price is absolutely the same whether we put on a night show or not, and we are pretty near compelled to have a night show. I don't think the night show with us has been a great money maker. We put on a picture show besides our gen- eral attractions, and I will say this, that we didn't get what we ex- pected. Mr. Clark: Another feature: it would be worth something on your concessions. If you did not have a night show your con- cessions would not get as much as when you do have a night show. Mr. M. E. Bacon: I would like to ask the question of some of these fairs that claim the night show didn't play even, if the night show increased the day attendance. I know one fair in Iowa had not put on a night show, had the largest crowd in the day time the first night they put on a night show they ever had, and they at- tribute that to having the night show. A lot of people staid over to the night show, of course they didn't get the second admission, but it drew the people and I think it showed in their receipts. Mr. Young: I can say the first year the president took hold of our fair in 1919 we paid off the mortgage on our fair that had been there for years. When we got clean the next year we put on a night show and increased the prizes and premiums and I want to say so far as we are concerned I think the night show has helped us to get where we are and has been a winner greater than anything else, because our attendance both day and night has increased every year and this year was the best one we ever had and we made plenty of money. We are a little differently organized from any of the other fairs in the state. In our fair every man can be a stockholder 38 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. that wants to. All he has to do is to buy a family ticket or mem- bership ticket for $3.50. We go just as far as any fair in the state of Iowa, big or little, because $3.50 admits a man and all his family under twenty-one years of age, day and night, and his vehicle. It has taken some time to get them to understand that proposition. He can walk out on this ground and say, ''Boys, I own just as much of this as anybody else, got just as much to say about the management of this, my vote is as big as anybody else." We sell fifteen to eighteen hundred of these tickets, and every fellow in the county is a booster. When you consider the population of the county, less than 12,500, we believe we have the best county fair in the state of Iowa because we have less people. Mr. C. E. Cameron : This is a question I am very much interested in for I think every county fair in the state needs something of this kind to help them along with their finances. In putting on a night show it has been an important question to decide what you are going to do with the people who pay admission at the outside gate in the day time and stay on the ground for the evening show. I have no doubt but that you have all been up against that proposition of how you were going to handle that matter. I remember when we first started the night show at Alta — of course that is a baby show up there, but I think a great deal of it (it is where I got my start) — some of our board of directors objected to having a canvas up around our night show. The upshot of the business was we didn't take enough money in to pay for the night show for the reason that people would run their automobiles up along the fence. Everybody would take in the night show and not pay a cent. We finally went to work and made arrangements with the fireworks people to furnish us a can- vas to enclose in the whole night show. I am a great believer in the night show for this reason; this is the age of automobiles ; young people think nothing of driving twenty or twenty-five miles to the night show. They can't come in the day time but they can go at night, and that is where I think more profit on the county fairs comes in. It does not cost very much. I heard Mr. Clark say his night show cost $4,500 and took in $4,300 and he said that paid for all his amusements, and Mr. Price from Waverly says that increased the concessions. I know at our fair it increased our concessions almost double by that night show. An- other thing, these young people like to go at night, like to go where it is all lit up. PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 39 Take the concessions. Our concessions men run to twelve o'clock at night, do an immense business. I think this is one of the most important propositions that the county fairs can take up. We all know fairs are getting more expensive. We know the stock interests want more money in the stock department. We are increasing pre- miums in the stock department that do not add anything to the out- side gate. You don't charge them anything more for entrance as a rule, but it takes that much more money. I will venture to say stock premiums for the last five or six years have almost doubled. Where is this revenue going to come from to pay these extra stock premiums unless you have something that brings the people in at the gate to pay this ? I tell you, gentlemen, this night show proposition, if properly handled, is one of the greatest propositions the county fair can have. President Estel : Gentlemen, I think this subject has been quite thoroughly covered. It seems the overwhelming opinion of those present is that a night show is very profitable to all fairs. The Sec- retary will read the next question. Secretary Wilkinson : The next question is, "Are there any fairs who make an attempt at collecting for the night show from those who remain on the grounds after the afternoon performance? If so, in what manner ?" Mr. Mullen: I tried it once, that was enough. Mr. Clark, of Grundy Center: At our fair this year we tried something new, after a good deal of discussion. We canvassed-in our night show and charged no admission at the front gate and charged thirty-five cents for admission to the amphitheatre and also seated our track, and I will venture to say we had more people on the grounds at night than we did in the day time, and we filled every available space that we had to seat people. Our concession people were much pleased, and there was hardly one of them on the ground but what wanted to sign up for next year. The night fair had not been a success for us until this year. While we didn't make any great amount of money on it after deducting our expenses, lights and various things, we were only perhaps a little over a hundred dollars out on the night show, we established the fact a night show could be made to pay. President Estel : Is there a fair secretary present that remains alive who ever collected or is collecting from those on the ground a second time? The question is sufficiently answered. We will have the next question. 40 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL, YEAR BOOK— PART II. Secretary Wilkinson : The next question is, "Should a fair include a demand that all cattle should have received a sixty or ninety days retest for tuberculosis, or at least a thirty days test? Will any violations of this matter in any way influence state aid?" Mr. Barber: Read the state law, that answers it. President Estel : I think that answers it fully. The state law covers that. A ruling made by the Annual Health Commission requires every one to demand tuberculin test charts from cattle brought onto fair grounds in Iowa. A Member : Don't you think, in a way, it would be well to have the law amended so that it would save trouble? President Estel: There might be discussion on that. A Member : Three different times this year I and my board had trouble over that. Mr. A. R. Corey : I believe the state law gives the Animal Health Commission power to make these rules and enforce them the same as a law. It is my understanding that there is a penalty for any fair or exhibitor who exhibits stock at any of these fairs without the test. They must be from an accredited herd or must have been tested a certain period before the fair. The Animal Health Com- mission has full authority to enforce this rule without any additional law. The only thing that will affect your state aid is if you permit gambling. Whether or not you permit other than accredited herds to exhibit does not affect your state aid. Mr. Williams : That question came up before our fair several times this year and we put it up before the veterinaries in the town and also went to an attorney and he stated that was merely a rule and could not be enforced, and it kind of passed the buck over to us and we were up against it and if we turned the man down on entering his cattle there would be hard feelings. Now could there be any way arranged whereby we could all get specific instructions on that, so we could pass the buck on to somebody else rather than the local party. Mr. Bacon : I think you get your rule right from the state veter- inarian, he will send it to you if you write him for information. Simply make your state veterinarian responsible and not your fair if you have any question. Mr. Young : There is a proposition that comes in on that on the other side of the question. It is generally supposed in both hogs and cattle, if I have cattle that are immune and have hogs that are immune, I am supposed to be perfectly safe, while if the other PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 41 fellow brings stuff there without it he is the man that is liable to get bumped, and I can't see any good reason for me worrying. We had the same proposition down there with us this year and we stood pat for a long time, but we didn't want any mixup or any trouble, and I want to tell you I don't see any merit to it at all. If I have got a herd of cattle that are immune and have got a herd of hogs that are immune and you haven't, I am supposed to be perfectly safe, and if you are fool enough to bring yours there and take chances on it that is up to you. I don't see any good grounds for it at all as far as that is concerned. Mr. Harvey : We had this same trouble up in our county and we didn't have any idea as to what the law was, I didn't, and I don't think any other member of the board did. But, however, we wanted to find out if it was incumbent upon the fair board to see that this law is enforced there, if it is, it is our duty to do it; or in other words whether an outside party other than a member of the board can file complaint that this man's hogs have not been immune just as well as a member of the fair board. I want to know exactly the ruling in that kind of a case. Whether it is incumbent upon mem- bers of the board to see that it is done or whether it is the privilege of the gentlemen exhibiting stock there to demand that that be done. It puts the burden upon the association and angers a good many of our exhibitors. They say why do you put the cost on me of $25, $30 or $40, whatever it costs them, when others don't do it. If in- cumbent on the fair board to do it I say let's do it, if not let's abandon it. Mr. Barber: I think you are mistaken if you think the Animal Health Commission or the veterinarian cannot make a rule and enforce it and punish you when you don't enforce it. They have the power to make these rules and the power to make a penalty. I had it up a year ago with a group of county agents at Mason City, and I think our county agent will bear me out, that they can make a rule and can enforce it and can make you enforce it, you are the one responsible and not the exhibitor. We have good men refuse to show cattle unless you have your herds tuberculin tested and have your barns properly disinfected, they wont come at all. Mr. Moore: I would like to hear from Mr. Corey. He ought to know what the law is and what the penalty is. Mr. Corey: I am sorry Dr. Malcolm is not here. The way I under- stand the law is the Animal Health Commission has authority under the law to make these rules, but they first must be approved by the Ex- ecutive Council, and each one of these rules here were approved by the 42 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. Executive Council. I am positive the law gives the commission authority to make these rules and enforce them and also provides a penalty, but I cannot tell you just what the penalty is or on whom it falls, whether on the fair management or the exhibitor. I think if you recall when the rule came out for the immunizing of hogs. At first it did cause the fairs trouble, but the exhibitors discovered it was a good thing and in a few years all of them immunized their hogs before they took them to the fair. I think the rule on the tuberculin test for cattle is going to work out the same way. I know at state fairs where they did not require the tuberculin test for cattle they could not get a creditable exhibit of dairy cattle. We had that experience at the state fair and we lost a good many herds because we did not require the tuberculin test for dairy cattle. We had required the test for beef cattle for two or three years. Last year we enforced this rule of the animal health commission and required everything to be tested and our dairy cattle exhibit increased fifty per cent. Mr. Moore : I would suggest we ask Mr. Corey to get in touch with Dr. Malcolm and find out about the penalty and report here this afternoon. Mr. Cameron : Let me suggest that we get Dr. Malcolm to come here himself this afternoon. President Estel : I will appoint Mr. Corey to have Dr. Malcolm here if possible this afternoon. Let us have the next question please. Secretary Wilkinson: "Would it be possible for two or more fairs having the same date to pool their attractions, thus securing for each a change of attractions not otherwise possible for any single fair to contract alone?" President Estel : I think this has been up before and it seems im- possible. Is there anyone in the room who has successfully done this who can tell about it? If no one can I think that answers the question, that it is rather difficult to accomplish. Mr. Curtin: We did that one time at Decorah with Independence. We traded acts back and forth between Independence and Decorah, it is only sixty miles, but it didn't amount to anything for the work entailed and we never tried it again. It made a lot of trouble and the crowd didn't seem to care much for the difference and we let it go at that. President Estel : What is the next question ? Secretary Wilkinson: "Don't you think it would pay the Iowa fairs not located near cities to cut out the night fair?" (A chorus of "Nos"). Secretary Wilkinson : "Can the Iowa Fair Managers Association arrange for a uniform scale of premiums in various departments; also uniform admission charges to fairs?" PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 43 President Estel : Is there anyone who cares to discuss that matter ? Mr. Moore : The most important work the International Associa- tion of Fairs and Expositions has done or tried to do in the last two years is to provide a uniform classification for cattle, horses, hogs and sheep, and a maximum and minimum amount of premiums to be offered and the way it should be divided into the different moneys and send it out and then let each fair take advantage of that classification and money offers and adopt it to their own condi- tions. We are working on that now and expect during the coming year to have a meeting with all breed associations of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs and adopt a uniform classification, and also maximum and minimum money offered divided equitably between first, second, third and fourth, and as far as you want to go. We are going to try to do that and have got the cattle proposition pretty well in hand at this time. President Estel : Is there anyone who has anything to offer on the uniform admission? Let's see. the hands of those in this room who charge a half dollar admission during the day. Let's see the hands of all those who charge twenty-five cents for children under fourteen years of age. Let's see the hands of those who charge thirty-five cents after five o'clock, general gate admission. Six. Let's see those who charge twenty-five cents general admission at the gate after five o'clock in the afternoon. Pretty near unanimous. Let's see the hands of those who charge fifty cents admission or more to a general seat in the grand stand in the afternoon. Nine. That covers the subject thoroughly, so there is no need of asking any more. Does anyone else care to say anything in regard to this subject? The next question. Secretary Wilkinson : "What is the best method of dealing with persons who wish to leave the fairgrounds and return the same day while the fair is in session?" Mr. Bacon : I think most of the fairs do not give pass-outs, I know we don't at Davenport, but Spencer, Iowa, Mr. Emery's fair, I think they have one of the best systems in the way of handling pass outs. They have an ordinary stamp that the gatekeeper has, with the name of the fair and the date, all in a circle, and if any- one desires to go out they are stamped on the wrist and they must come back and show the stamp, if they can't they have got to pay their way in. Mr. Gildner: We tried the system of putting the name and date with a rubber stamp on the wrist and it gave good satisfaction. 44 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. Mr. Clark: We figured out a pass-out check we used last year very successfully. This one reads as follows : "Tuesday, Sept. 12, 1922." We use a different colored return check out every day. "This return pass issued to." If Mr. Curtin comes up there and wants to go out we have him sign his name there, and he takes it. "And will be honored at the pass gate only. Signed in the presence of the gatekeeper." When Mr. Curtin comes back he signs his name on the second line and goes in; otherwise he stays out. If the signature shows any attempt at a forgery that means he has got to pay his way in. We had this plan in operation this last fall and it worked very nicely. Even the concession men highly approved it. Mr. Price: Did that include the night show too? Mr. Clark: We didn't give out any after five o'clock in the afternoon but did give a man and woman a chance to go home at five o'clock if they wanted to, any time before that, and come back at the evening show instead of staying there. Secretary Wilkinson : The next question is, "I would like to know if any other secretary has held such position longer than fifteen years ?" President Estel: How many of this audience have been fair secretaries more than fifteen years? Three. I think it would be perfectly fitting that the three gentlemen who have held such office more than fifteen years to have their pictures taken and do a little advertising for the Fair Secretaries Association in Iowa. Next question. Secretary Wilkinson : "How many fairs receive the amount of $1,000 county aid? How many receive a less amount? How many fairs receive no county aid? How many fairs have been refused county aid by the Board of Supervisors ?" President Estel: First, how many in Iowa received $1,000 from the county in which their fair is located ? Let's see the hands. For either the past year or present year? Mr. Harvey : In Crawford county we received a thousand dollars two years ago. Last year we received $700. Mr. Moore : On page 24 of Mr. Corey's report you have it shows every county fair that has received county aid. President Estel: We will now adjourn until this afternoon. PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 45 TWO O'CLOCK P. M., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1922. President Estel : Mr. Corey has arranged for Dr. Peter Malcolm, our State Veterinarian, to speak to us a few moments in regard to the tuberculin test requirements and cholera immune requirements for fairs. Dr. Malcolm: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen — There seems to be some misunderstanding or some complaint about the tuberculin testing of cattle for exhibition purposes. Two years ago we put this in force with the idea of protecting the exhibitor against tuberculosis, because we found cattle that were exhibited at fairs that did not have tuberculosis and when brought back home and put into accredited herds a great many reacted. Therefore it stood my department in hand to see if we could not formulate some protection to the exhibitor. This we did. We made it with the state fair and with the county fairs, for the simple reason that if it was a good thing for the state fair it was certainly a good thing for the county fairs, because the county fairs help make up the state fair and vice versa. Now the question arises as to whether this can be put into effect and if there is any protection to you secretaries in enforcing this. You can enforce this rule. We enforce it at the state fair and have no trouble. To illustrate, the first year we put it in operation at the state fair just three animals came there without a certificate. Two of them were baby beef, and a nurse cow. So we tested these three animals and they passed the tuberculin test and we let them remain on the ground. Last year there wasn't an animal exhibited at the state fair but had its health certificate with it, and only one offered to exhibit without one. So we built up our state fair and I believe it will build up your county fairs, because the exhibitor and breeder is wide-awake to the fact that the mere fact of having tuberculosis in his herd is detrimental to him, and we must give him that protection. Now as to the penalty. This rule was adopted by the Commission of Animal Health, approved by the Executive Council of the State of Iowa, consequently it becomes a law of the State of Iowa. In Section 19, Chapter 287, Acts of the 38th General Assembly, or in the Compiled Code Section 175, reads as follows: "Penalty. Any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this act or any of the rules and reg- ulations adopted under the authority of this act, except as otherwise stated, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not less than $100 or not more than $500 or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than thirty days, nor more than six months." Now you naturally say, "who is this penalty to be attached to?" Every party interested in it, the exhibitor as well as the secretary. Any of these parties who violate this is responsible for the penalty, it makes no difference whether it be the exhibitor or the secretary, or board of di- rectors. Now the method by which you can handle it is very easy. When a man makes an entry for exhibition see that he follows that with a 46 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. health certificate, and then if your exhibitor should exhibit animals there that were not on this test then he is liable. The wording of the ruling is that all animals exhibited at any of the fairs shall have a health certificate. The ruling on the hogs is that each one must be immuned. The ruling on your tuberculosis is very plain and was amended last year. The first rule put into effect you know about the accredited herd system of the State of Iowa, but up to last year we didn't have very many fully accredited herds. We had up to the first of July 779 herds and at the present time over 1100 herds fully, accredited. That rule was amended last year to take care of herds that had passed a clean test, so that any herd that has passed a clean test has a right now under this ruling to exhibit at any fair for one year. That ruling is applied to accredited herds. In testing out a herd of cattle if you gentlemen have one that has passed a clean test you are not due for another test until one year from date. Therefore it would be a hardship to make this man who has had a clean test record, to require a ninety day retest before exhibiting at the fair, so we amended the rule and it now requires all cattle presented for exhibition or other purposes at the Iowa State fair or any fair or exhibition in the state of Iowa shall be from a tuberculosis free accredited herd or from a herd which has passed one clean test within one year under the plan for the accrediting of herds; and show cattle other than those above specified shall have passed a satisfactory tuberculin test and found to be free from tuberculosis not more than ninety days prior to the date of the exhibition at such fair. That is the rule as it stands now on the cattle. The rule on hogs is all swine exhibited at state, county or other fairs or exhibitions in the State of Iowa must be accompanied by a certificate showing that they have been immunized with anti-cholera serum and virus not less than thirty days; when serum alone is used mot more than fifteen days prior to the date of said fair or exhibition. These rules and regulations have all been submitted to the Executive Council and approved by them and they have become law. A Member : What are the rules as regards disinfecting buildings and grounds ? Dr. Malcolm : We have a rule there that includes your county as well as the state, that they should be thoroughly disinfected. A Member: I would like to ask the doctor in case in a county where there is no cholera would you consider it a hardship to compel them to use the double treatment on a herd of hogs if they are going to exhibit Dr. Malcolm : You have reference to hogs on exhibit. You will notice in that rule we do not require you to immunize hogs and use virus. We allow you to use serum for your own protection, not for the protection of anybody else, because we are fearful that when you get into a show, some individual or hog may have carried the PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 47 germ of hog cholera into that ground, and if the hog had taken serum you have it protected against that organism. A Member : The tuberculin and cholera rules should be printed right in the premium list. President Estel : I would suggest that it might possibly be a good plan to print these rules and regulations in every premium list. Do you want to take any action in regard to that? A Member : I so move. President Estel : It has been moved that it be the sense of this meeting that every premium list issued by a fair in Iowa print the rules and regulations as prepared by the Animal Health Commission. Is there a second to the motion? Several members seconded the motion and it was carried. The next subject that will be discussed is "Concessions and How to Handle Them." This discussion will be led by Mr. L. W. Emery, of Spencer. Mr. Emery : I had a paper on this but since I came down here I found a man who had a much better paper and was much more competent to handle it, and I am going to turn this matter over to Mr. M. E. Bacon for discussion. Mr. Bacon: Under this head there are the "straight, legitimate con- cession" and the "grafting concession." Definition of the word "Concession" is as follows: 1st, act of con- ceding or yielding; admission. 2d, a thing yielded; acknowledgment; admission, grant. According to the State Laws of the State of Iowa, all concessions must conform to the art of skill and science. Definition of the word "skill": Understanding, judgment, argument, proof, also reason, motive. 2d, Knowledge of, and expertness in, execu- tion of performance, practical ability in art, science, etc., expertness, aptitude. Definition of the word "science": Knowledge as of principles or facts. 2d, Accumulated and accepted knowledge systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of gen- eral laws; classified knowledge. 3d, Such knowledge relating to the physical world; called also natural science. 4th, Any branch or depart- ment of systematized knowledge. Science, art. Science is systematized knowledge considered in reference to the discovery or understanding of truth; art is knowledge as applied and made efficient by skill. If then, a body of laws and principles as of rhetoric, is exhibited in an ordered and inter-related system they appear in the character of a science. If they are supplied in actual use as to the construction of discourse they become or furnish the working rules, of an art. For example, any game which takes the art of throwing, shooting or working out puzzle with hands or mind come under the head of art, skill, and science. 48 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL, YEAR BOOK— PART II. The following concessions come under this head: Shooting Galleries, Baby Doll .Racks, Cane Racks, Knife Racks, Huckle-de-buck. The Keg Game, Swinging Ball, Spot the Spot, and Large Cat Game, but in every instance the above games can be made crooked so that the most skilled could not win on the same. For instance, in • the cat rack and knife rack, when the concessionaire gives a demonstration of throwing the wooden rings over the cane or knife, whichever the case might be, he uses a large open ring, and the same can be changed to a small ring with which the player could not possibly ring the cane or knife in ques- tion. In the case of the ordinary old style baby doll rack, concessionaire may lock the rack so that it would be impossible for the player to knock any of the cats over. The swinging ball on which they use a large or small bowling ball and a large ten pin, is one of the worst games which has ever been permitted, and the player has no chance of winning. In giving a demonstration of the Swinging Ball the concessionaire in order to show how the ten pin can be knocked over with the swinging ball places the ten pin either to the right or left of the center and knocks the ten pin over every time. When the player attempts to play the game the concessionaire places the ten pin in the center and the ten pin can- not be knocked over. In the case of the game, for example, Huckle-de-buck in which the balls must be thrown in a keg or pail, it is very easy for the conces- sionaire in demonstrating to use a small ball which would not have any interference in alighting in the keg or pail, b'ut he also, if he so desires, can switch the balls, giving the player a larger ball than he used when making the demonstration. The large cat is used as a ball game, in which the player is given three or four balls to throw. The cat can be fixed in a lock so that no matter how hard the player hits the cat it could not be knocked over. The game of Spot the Spot using a number of tin circles, is absolutely a "skin-game" and the player Gas no chance of accomplishing the feat of completely covering the spot with the tin circles, which were furnished him by the concessionaire. Another game that is absolutely a crooked one is a "roll-down" or r'add- a-ball." In many instances the player is really the winner, but the con- cessionaire outcounts the winner in adding up the numbers. The same thing happens when they use the Arrow Dot, shooting the arrow at a board background containing a number of numbers and adding up the same, the concessionaire, if he wants to be crooked, can outcount the player. A good many states permit the operation of wheels, such as the doll wheel, candy wheel, blanket wheel, etc. In my opinion, a wheel termed a "merchandise wheel" is one that should be permitted to operate at fairs. By a "merchandise wheel" I mean a straight up and down wheel on which a number of paddles are sold to the players, each paddle con- taining at least five numbers and before the wheel is turned the con- cessionaire must sell all his paddles. When the wheel is turned some- one of the players is bound to win the prize. I am against what they call an "intermediate prize." For example, a wheel operating on which there is a large doll in which small and large dolls are given as prizes, PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 49 and if the wheel stops on the star then the player wins the large doll; if not, the player wins the small doll. This should not be permitted, and the concessionaire should operate with only one big prize. I have known where blanket wheels have been operated on which there were 125 numbers on the wheel, 25 paddles were sold, each containing five numbers and before the wheel was turned, all paddles were sold and some holder of one of the paddles would win the blanket. A good many fairs have not strictly lived up to the law and sold their concessions under the law which must confirm to the art of skill and science. I do not mean any individual or set of fairs, or I do not mean by this statement fairs in Iowa alone. The past season I attended fairs in Nebraska, Illinois, Oklahoma, and Texas, and had the opportunity of observing what is going on. Something must be done so that the fairs can sell their space for the fair. For example at Davenport where I am secretary, I have tried to live up to the law of Iowa and sold my concession space according to the law, and have stated in all correspondence to all concessionaires that their concession must conform to the art of skill and science. I must admit that I sold some space for swinging balls that after the first day found out that the player had no chance of winning, absolutely closed the same and would not permit their operating thereafter. I think that fairs have been a little lax in letting some kinds of con- cessionaires operate. Some fairs did not live strictly up to the law of skill and science and sold their space and received the income from the same and as far as I can observe, got by just as well as those who tried to keep within the law. Another thing that I think should not be permitted at fairs, at 49 camps — a type of dancing show. You might ask the question: "What is meant by a 49 camp?" In answer to this, I would say that it is an outfit in which the traveling women dance with the town's people on a port- able floor, charging a fee from the town's men for the dance. A marble roll-down is what is termed as a gambling device. It is started by a person who has had the operation of same that a person playing only has one chance in 200 of winning the main prize. There are many straight concessions that may be "gaffed." A tip-up is a board with cleats on each side and ends, the flat sur- face is full of jigs or nails. At the bottom of the board between each nail are numbers either from one to eight or six or eight. Marbles are rolled down from the top and the score denotes a prize. Red, a big one, black small. They are hardly ever counted up right by the operator except for the "capper." Besides the red numbers are very hard to get. It is called a "skin .game" or "thieving store" by many and not allowed to run in many places. Most of the Huckle-de-buck joints have a loose bottom which when loose, balls will stay in, and when tight will bound out. It is a very ingenious thing and is under the control of the operator all the time. It is comparatively a new game and has fooled thousands of people and made thousands of dollars and given the people nearly nothing. It is 4 50 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL, YEAR BOOK— PART II. not a "chance game" for you have no chance to get anything unless they let you. Some of the dolls they carry are at least two years old. A set spindle sometimes called a "camel hack" is under the control of the operator all the time and is a very cunning device used to fool both young and old. When you lose a dollar or more they lay down as much more, sometimes double; they tell you when you get the right number you get your own money back and twice as much. When you drop out they let a "capper" win the pot. There are many other games as bad as this one but time forbids me going into them. The old fashioned paddle wheel was a game of chance but was run on the level. Why more papers do not expose the methods of these games that rob the boys is past understanding. I repeat that the merchandise wheels can be saved at this eleventh hour, but the legitimate wheel operators and the concessioner will have to hurry and try to assist in the clean up of the crooked concession. If it takes a game of chance to make a gambling device, well, there are -many of them operated in such a manner that the player has no earthly chance so I fail to see how the operator of such a device could be fined for running a game of chance. While many fair officials are op- posed personally to concessions, they should not lose sight of the fact that many thousands of people come to their fair from year to year to be entertained and it does not seem exactly right that they should be denied that which they enjoy and ar,e only offered the chance of seeing once a year. Two-thirds of the people who attend state and county fairs are persons who live in the rural district. The fair should not eliminate the legitimate concession. A gentleman was fined at Little Rock, Arkansas, charged with operat- ing a gambling device. Was fined $25.00 and costs and his gambling device was ordered destroyed by the judge. The guilty concessionaire said that a person had one chance in two hundred in winning a main prize. A grifter is a robber in disguise, there are no two ways about it. Grift is not a habit, it is a curable disease; be your own doctor. There are many usually straight concessions that, can be gaffed. The old time "Huckle-de-buck is merely skill on the part of the player to put the balls into the kegs. At the same time all bucket games may be gaffed joints. Fair merchandise wheels do not come under the panning as to grift. A reasonable way to sum that up is, even though every player who Spends a dime does not win from 50c to $1.00's worth each turn, one of them does, if the paddles are all out, and as for the others about 95 per cent of them would say that he had his dime's worth of excitement, and real enjoyment in the competition. How about betting on the big baseball games, racing, politics, etc.? The clean-up campaign regarding concessions is against the "no chance games," and there are many of them at which the player has absolutely no chance whatever. Merchandise concessions, at which the merchandise is actually put out and without buy-backs, (which, in reality, makes them percentage joints) are not grift joints, as each player has his dime's worth of fun, and he with his home town friends (no "cappers") gain the coveted prizes for which each gladly takes a chance. PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 51 I suggest that Church Fairs, Bazaars, Block Dances, Home-coming Expositions, etc., be included so as to make it a general clean up, for there is much rottenness in closed cities allowed by the Powers that Be. It is always possible to tell by the newness of the merchandise behind a store if the "joint" is legitimate or otherwise. If the stock is shop- worn it's a cinch it's a strong line-up store. If it is clean and bright and there is plenty of it on display it is certain (almost) that the store is legitimate and the operator is giving the public a run for its money. Sure you know the difference between a percentage and so-called flat joint. As information when a few packages of cigarets, a few dolls or a very limited amount of other merchandise is on display, but the games are run always completely "buy-back" they are camouflaged percentage in principle. Recently a farm journal claiming to be of the highest class and en- joying a wide circulation published certain articles written by a self confessed ex-faker which had its effect on some readers of this journal leading them to believe that a large percentage of fairs consist chiefly of an array of fakers presided over by arch fakers. In fact, a picture presented in one of these articles showed an exhibit building empty while space devoted to fakes and fakers was completely occupied. Of course, much of the so-called information presented in these articles does not apply to 90 per cent of fairs today. The effect of these articles on many fair men, however, has been to lead us to wonder whether some of the people who do not attend fairs credit fairs with being a conglomeration of fakes or really worthwhile educational institutions. The millions of people who each year attend fairs know what fairs really are but how about those who have never attended a fair and who may be patrons at a fair next year? The reaction of this series of articles on me has been that the Iowa Fair Managers' Association of which all the fairs of Iowa are members and all organizations of fairs perhaps should maintain a bureau to watch over misleading, unjust criticism of fairs or statement concerning fairs which, by inference are harmful, at the same time accepting in the right spirit just criticism. There are people not familiar with fair work who do not fully compre- hend either what fairs are trying to accomplish or what their clientage is. Fairs have been the pioneers in demanding clean shows and conces- sions. During recent years some municipalities have been offended in street fairs but they, too, are cleaning up, until the day of the faker is becoming a thing of the past. Now, I started out to say that it is about time that we fair fellows took decided steps against misleading statements concerning our fairs. Fairs have been "kicked about" long enough. The up-to-date fair returns more for the money invested to get into and in admission fees charged after the outer gates are passed than any other gathering appealing to public patronage. People are as safe on ninety per cent of the fair grounds in America as they are at their own homes, physically and morally. Where in so short a time could one learn so much of a particular community, county, district or state as 52 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. at fairs of this section. The modern fair next to the common schools is America's greatest educational agency because they are public service projects. They are ready targets for the how shooting poisoned arrows. Most agricultural journals have, from time to time, called attention to the excellent educational work of the fairs. Let's have more of this. Fair men have been after fakers for years. Does it help us to get them to "boot us" and thereby mislead the public as we still pursue the faker? There are over 3,000 fairs and expositions and allied shows in America managed and conducted by perhaps 100,000 men and women and at- tended by fifty million people each year who find them more than worth while. Looks like we are strong enough to sit up and take notice when unjustly attacked. What are we going to do about it? Yes, fellow fair secretaries, concessions are attractions and if the proper kind are furnished there is no end of welcome entertainment. In the common use of the terms there is a vast difference in "graft" and "grift." There is a certain amount of graft in almost every branch of business. "Grift" is common robbery. Fair secretaries deserve praise for their progressive efforts and es- pecially toward having favor-gaining attractions including concessions from which the fairs gain a good revenue. Bat when they or their concession managers discriminate against fair deal concessions there is less cause for praise. If any person is too busy to be courteous and just, he badly needs a well-informed assistant or substitute. For a square deal, even chance of deciding which one of several in- dividuals should be the fortunate one in drawing a prize there doubtless is no better way than to give several revolutions di an evenly balanced wheel providing it turns after the starting and stops at its own momen- tum, otherwise, of course, the wheel and the transaction are crooked. They don't care about investigating persons who have this year espe- cially ignorantly made such a cry about wheels and those who would not allow straight merchandise wheels to operate only to sanction (unless the operator wishes it) as swinging balls, gimicked tip-ups, gaffed buckets, some of the roll downs, most picouts, etc. Numerous cases of this nature have been reported this fall and maby of them on fair grounds. Just a little study of the "joints" would give the concessioner the information he needs if he really wants to come clean himself. On a great many fair grounds you might see a spindle and also a swing- ing ball. Personally, I consider a swinging ball game in the same class as the shells and the general public looks on a spindle in the same light. In order to clean up I would suggest that the church fairs, bazaars, block dances, home-comings, expositions, etc., be included so as to make it a general clean up for there is much rottenness in closed cities al- lowed by the "powers that be." Merchandise wheels work in the states of Pennsylvania, Virginia, West "Virginia and Illinois and up in all other states where officials exercise common sense it is predicted that more states will permit them during 1922. Yes, the tide has turned. Graft must go. All the ball games are not what they appear to be in print. In a game in which the player actually throws baseball at objects, 90 per PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE PAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 53 cent of the results are governed by his straight throwing ability, but when little balls are tossed into the mouth of a prop clown head, a swinging ball, etc., with several sticks (cappers) lined up in front to put confidence in the unwary, into being termed the baseball game, is not what it seems. Using the following as an example, because a horse kicks over the traces does not necessarily mean that he is a bad horse. ,He probably has horse sense, and because some fair secretary permits wheel and other games of chance to operate does not necessarily mean he is a bad sec- retary. He probably used very good horse sense. Mr. Young : One game that was out last year that was a new one to us, I would like to know about, there was some question about it, that is this Bingo or Corn Game. They did a flourishing business. If the fair secretaries could compel them to get permission from the Attorney General's office it would protect us. President Estel : The subject of concessions is one in which we are all interested. It is a subject I know we could talk on all afternoon. We have quite a program, and Mr. Bacon who has given a very good paper on this subject, has suggested that some kind of a committee be composed of the fair secretaries to investigate this matter and to make recommendations. We, I don't believe, as a body here, will ever get very far in saying just what should be done and what should not be done. The Attorney General of Iowa is not here. As far as I know there has been some question as to what is a game of skill and science and so it would seem to me proper to have some committee composed from this organization to look into this matter and confer with the Attorney General and then authorize that committee to send out their information to the fair secretaries of Iowa. Mr. Bartle: I move that the president and secretary and three others of the association act as such a committee. President Estel: It has been moved and seconded that a com- mittee of five be instructed to investigate this matter and confer with the Attorney General and send their information to the fair secre- taries of the state. Are there any remarks? All in favor of the motion signify by saying aye. Contrary no. It is carried. The next subject is "Problems in conducting harness races" by Mr. E. J. Curtin of Decorah. Mr. Curtin: You nearly all will agree that we have to have harness horse racing as part of our attractions at the fair. While our fairs are strictly educational, however, in the state of Iowa, at the same time it has been demonstrated by experience that we can't depend on the educational part entirely in order to get very many people to come to 54 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. our fairs. So we have adopted the scheme in Iowa in most of the fairs to give them amusements enough to bring them in, so that when they get a little tired and want a place to sit down and rest after seeing the educational exhibit we entertain them with our different amusements. As fair men I think we will have to consider harness horse racing as an amusement for our patrons. There are about ninety-two fairs in the state I believe and I think about eighty out of the ninety-two give harness races. You must be very careful in putting on a harness race program that you don't overdo it. If you are a harness horse enthusiast you are a little apt to make that the main part of your program. If you are not a harness horse enthusiast and don't believe in such things you are very apt to give such a minor place on your program to it that it don't get you anywhere. About the otfly thing you must guard against is to see that you get a happy medium as between harness racing and other amusements for your fair. The way to get a good harness race program is in the first place to have somebody in charge of that part of your program that knows the business. The average fair secretary, and I don't say it with any sense of disparagement, knows practically nothing about harness horse racing. You will appreciate undoubtedly that there are few men who are just the right men. You should arrange for somebody to take that end of it off your shoulders if you are not competent to do it yourself. If you are, you will start in and decide first how much you want to give and about what purses and classes will be suitable for the horses you expect are in your immediate vicinity or will be at the time of your races. It is much preferable for three or four fairs to combine in a circuit as it makes advertising cheaper and they are apt to get more horses by reason of having four or five weeks of races continuously without making long, hard shifts. The next thing is to acquaint the people that have horses with the fact that you are going to give a meet and when you are going to. give it and what the classes are. The old way of doing that used to be to order a lot of entry blanks printed and then go and get a list of horsemen's addresses and mail out all these entry blanks all over the country to them. That is now obsolete. There are turf papers published that the horsemen take. About six or eight weeks before your meet make out a program and send to the horse papers and run it continuously for six or eight weeks. The average fair is not before the second week in August and it is not after the second week in September; they all come in about four weeks. Fairs that come the 15th of August really should start advertising the middle of June or possibly the first of June in the horse papers. You don't need a big whole page of the papers but get enough to let the horsemen know you are going to have a meet at your town at the county fair and you would like to have them there. You can dispense with sending out any blanks by mail. Of course, you want some entry blanks, but the average man who wants to enter, he knows how to enter, he knows from the newspaper, and will write a letter with the entry in. Then be sure to give the publication six or eight weeks in advance what PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 55 your entries and classes are so the horseman if he starts out in the spring before he starts sort of likes to know where he is going to race that summer and fall. He gets that from the newspaper. Your entry blank may never reach him. If he can fix a circuit for himself before he leaves home he is more likely to be with you. He is down with you and he has his route. When he comes over to your place you should have a man in charge that has an acquaintance with these people more or less, the more the better. The average county fair secretary is so engrossed with other things that he does not know just what little attentions or whatever you may call it, they appreciate. When they come in at night they like to have the stalls in order for them; don't like to have to clean a lot of rubbish out of the stalls to get the horses in. They like to come in and find the roof repaired before the fair is opened and like to have an op- portunity to buy hay, straw and feed on the ground, they like to have you arrange for that for them. They don't like to have you sell off the privilege so they can be "gipped" on it in-order to let the feed man get his money back. It should be sold to them at cost because they are part of the show. Then you have to take an interest in the races. How can you do that? You hear people say the races are made up in the barn, they are not good fun any more. The secretary that says that exposes his ignorance; he doesn't know his business. They are not made up in the barn unless you ignore the horse races and allow them to do it. I have given races I suppose for twenty-five years and in all my experience in my town I don't believe there has been one race made up in the barn; if there has been it has not been able to be pulled off according to schedule because we have stopped it. That is because there has always been an expert there who knows what is going on. If you haven't a man that knows what is going on you are liable to have some trouble. It is a harder plan to make up what you call specials. You say you have to do it. I don't believe you have to do it if you advertise long enough ahead and make your circuit so compact that the horsemen will travel from one town to another. You don't have to give a whole lot of money. They want to get what is termed added money. You can't give races in Iowa unless you do give added money. They want to be paid the same as you pay your vaudeville or anybody else, and you are doing that when you give added money. I think if you do this your troubles will be entirely eliminated. Get a man who knows how, turn it over to him, then make them perform their part of the con- tract through him. But don't make it one sided, thinking the horse races are the whole fair, because they are only a part of the fair, but they are an outstand- ing feature as an amusement. President Estel : I understand Mr. Smollinger, Secretary of the American Trotting Association, is here today, and we would be very pleased to hear a few words from Mr. Smollinger. Mr. W. H. Smollinger: It is not necessary for me to tell you how popular harness racing is when it is properly conducted, nor is it neces- 56 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. sary for me to tell you there are more harness races conducted on the fair grounds of the United States than there are at what is known as race meetings. The harness horse and the fairs have grown up together. Originally, a great many years ago, perhaps farther back than many of us can remember, the fairs had no harness racing. A number of manufacturers of agricultural machinery were very anxious to get their products before the farmers at the fairs and especially what were then known as state fairs, but were very different from what they are today, so they bought harness horses and put on the races in order to attract the people to the fair grounds so they could show them their machinery, and from this beginning the harness horse and the fair have become inseparable. Harness racing is the one contest on your fair grounds where everybody can see who is the winner. In the judging of live stock and all other matters only those who are thoroughly initiated into that part of the fair can point out the reason why one animal has won over another. The amount of money that you can afford to give for harness racing depends to a certain extent upon the money that harness racing can put in your treasury. Harness racing must be your principal attraction because you have spent your money in building a track and building an amphitheater from which you expect to derive a revenue. Those who give night shows now have the added revenue from the night show, but originally the amphitheater was built and the money expended to give harness races. The way you can overcrowd your amphitheater and make inroads on your treasury by having to build a larger one is to give harness races that are real races. In the state of Iowa today most of the purses are for added money, which is a very good thing. There are some things about this added money proposition that sometimes work a hardship on the fair asso- ciation. All the entrance fees that are supposed to be received by the secretary are supposed to be added to the purse. It so happens that secretaries do take entries that are not accompanied by the entrance fee, and possibly these horses do not start and consequently the secretary has a hard time to explain to his board of directors how it comes he paid out more than the amount of the purse itself and the amount re- ceived. To obviate this I would suggest you place this on your entry blanks and in your advertisements, that all entry and starting fees re- ceived be added to the purse. This gives you a little leeway. You should do everything you can to encourage men to come to your tracft and races. You should give them clean stalls and show them every courtesy. On the other hand you should conduct your races absolutely and strictly in accordance with the rules. Don't let any man come in on your ground and because his race is scheduled for the last day get you to change the program and put the race on the first day so he can get through with his work and loaf the rest of the week. It is very easy for a good talker to get the secretary to do this. Don't do this. It makes endless trouble and is not a square deal for every other man on the ground and in the race. Stick to your program as far as pos- sible. Whenever you deviate from the rules, if you are trying to be PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 57 a good fellow, you are simply inviting trouble. The men that own harness horses are made up of the same kind of people that make up your bankers, your merchants and all your professional men. There are many men among them, as there are in all other classes of life, good sportsmen and some that are not good sportsmen. Don't confuse a real sportsman with a sport. A good sportsman is one who is a good loser, one who can see both sides, and there are not all men constituted so they can be good sportsmen. So whenever you deviate from the rules even to please these men you will get into trouble. Of all things you do, don't suppress time. This talk that you can't get horses unless you suppress time is foolish. The horsemen need the fairs as much as the fairs need the horsemen. What we are in- terested in is having contests, not one horse leading the field and get- ting the money with the rest of them nowhere. If you are going to have good races you must give the actual time so that the horses will be properly classified. Don't listen to the man who tells you if his horse gets a certain record his value is injured. That is not true. Give them what they get, treat ^them courteously and require them to put on a good clean race. President Estel : The Credential Committee will report at this time. REPORT OF THE CREDENTIAL COMMITTEE The following fairs have paid their dues and are entitled to vote: Adair County Fair Grundy County Fair Adams County Fair Guthrie County Fair Audubon County Fair Hamilton County Fair Allamakee County Fair Four County Agricultural Fair Dairy Cattle Congress Harding County Fair Boone County Fair Henry County Fair Bremer County Fair Winfield Fair Aurora Agricultural Fair Ida County Fair Buchanan County Fair Jackson County Fair Buena Vista County Fair Jasper County Fair Butler County Fair Jefferson County Fair Calhoun County Fair Anamosa District Fair Rockwell City Fair What Cheer Fair and Exposition Four Counties District Fair Jones County Fair Cass County Fair Kossuth County Fair Cedar County Fair Wapsie Valley Fair North Iowa Fair Marion Inter-State Fair Big Four Fair Columbus Junction District Fair Clay County Fair Derby District Fair Strawberry Point District Fair Southern Iowa Fair De Witt Fair Marion County Fair Crawford County Fair Marshall County Fair Community Fair and Stock Show Mills County .Fair Tri-County Fair Mitchell County Fair Delaware County Fair Monona County Fair Burlington Tri-State Fair Monroe County Fair Davis County Fair West Liberty Fair Dubuque County Fair Sheldon Fair Fayette County Fair Clarinda Fair Greene County Fair Shenandoah Fair 58 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. REPORT OF THE CREDENTIAL COMMITTEE— Continued Pottawattamie County Fair Brooklyn Agriculture Fair Sac County Fair Mississippi Valley Fair Shelby County Fair Central Iowa Fair Tama County Fair Taylor County Fair Van Buren County Fair Wapello County Fair Warren County Fair Wayne County Fair Hawkeye Fair and Exposition Winnebago County Fair Winneshiek County Fair Inter-State Fair North County Fair Pocahontas County Fair Tri-County Fair Carroll County Fair Humboldt County Fair Soo County Fair Lyon County Fair Credential Committee, J. C. BECKNER, F. B. SELBY, CHAS. H. BARBER. President Estel : The next is the election of officers. The first in order will be nominations for president for the ensuing year. Mr. Bentley: I would like to place in nomination Mr. L. W. Emery, present vice-president. Mr. J. C. Bicknel : I second the nomination. Member : I would like to place in nomination the name of our present president, E. S. Estel from Waterloo. Member: I second the nomination. (Here the president called Mr. Moore to the chair.) Chairman Moore: Are there any more nominations? If there are no objections I will declare nominations closed. I will appoint Pat Bacon, Mose Stanbery and Bill Smith as tellers. The secretary will call the roll. (Roll call was had and ballot taken and the tellers retired to count the ballot. President Estel resumed the chair.) President Estel : The next thing in order will be nominations for secretary for the ensuing year. Mr. Mullen : I nominate Mr. Wilkinson to succeed himself. The nomination was seconded. Mr. Moore : I move that nominations be closed, and the president be instructed to cast the unanimous ballot of the association for Mr. Wilkinson as secretary. The motion was seconded and carried and the ballot cast for Mr. Wilkinson. President Estel : The next is nominations for Treasurer. Mr. Clark : I take pleasure in nominating Mr. Rowland to serve for another year as treasurer. Mr. Canby : I second the motion. PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 59 Mr. Clark : I move that nominations be closed and the secretary instructed to cast the entire vote for Mr. Rowland. The motion was seconded and carried and the unanimous vote cast for Mr. Rowland. Mr. Bacon : The result of the ballot for president is as follows : Total number of votes cast, 78; Estel received 50 votes and Emery 28 votes. Chairman Moore: You have heard the report of the tellers, and on said report the chair declares Mr. E. S. Estel of Waterloo duly elected president for the ensuing year. President Estel : The next in order is nominations for vice president. Member: I nominate vice president L. W. Emery to succeed himself. The nomination was seconded. I move that nominations cease and that the secretary be instructed to cast the unanimous vote of the association for Mr. Emery. Motion seconded and prevailed and the unanimous ballot was cast for Mr. Emery. President Estel : We will now hear from Mr. A. R. Corey in regard to Rain Insurance for Iowa Fairs. RAIN INSURANCE FOR FAIRS By A. R. Corey, Secretary, Iowa State Fair Mr. Chairman and delegates of the County Fair Managers' Convention: As requested by the Program Committee, I have endeavored to collect and tabulate data covering the subject of Rain Insurance for Fairs. A questionnaire on this subject was prepared and mailed to the sec- retaries of the county and district fairs and practically all have responded to it. The reports of these fair managers show that there was consid- erably more interest in rain insurance this year than a year ago. Forty- two fairs in the state of Iowa carried rain insurance this year as com- pared with eighteen in 1921. The total insurance carried was $308,550.00, and the premiums or cost of the insurance amounted to $35,423.53. Nine of these fairs collected $17,750.00 in losses. Comparing the cost and benefit of rain insurance for the years 1921 and 1922 the results have just been reversed. In 1921 eighteen fairs carried $221,500.00 insurance at a cost of $18,359.80, and collected in losses $56,801.17. In 1922 forty- two fairs carried $308,550, at the cost of $35,423.53 and collected $17,750. The reports reflect a wide difference of opinion among fair managers as to the advisability of carrying insurance. Among the 92 fairs re- plying to the inquiry, 37 favor insurance and 41 oppose it for various reasons. Fourteen were non-committal. The general opinion of those opposed to rain insurance is that if the fair is to be properly covered 60 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. by insurance, the cost at the present rates is altogether too high, making it almost prohibitive. Those in favor of rain insurance contend that it is like any other kind of insurance. It is a protection against loss of a specific kind, the same as fire, tornado or life insurance. They also contend that if the fair's finances are in bad shape, the fair cannot afford to carry the risk. There is another thought brought out in these inquiries namely, that where a fair is successful in putting on a large advance sale of season tickets, this will in a way take the place of in- surance. For your information I would like to quote the opinion of a number of fair secretaries on rain insurance, as reported in the questionaire. The quotations used are from all sections of the state and have been se- lected as they express the diversified opinions of the secretaries reporting. Crawford County: "Rain insurance is a good idea if handled properly. The insurance should cover the entire 24 hours. The premium is but little more and it eliminates all of the risk rather than making a bigger gamble out of it. We carried insurance from 6:00 a. m. until 12:00 noon, thinking that if it did not rain enough in the morning to collect, it would not keep our crowd away. We had a very cloudy morning and a deluge between 1:00 and 6:00 p. m. that completely ruined our attendance for the day, but we were unable to collect any insurance." Benton County: "I think rain insurance is a mighty good thing if the kind of soil and the condition of the roads in the locality are such that they make auto travel impossible after a rain." Buena Vista County: "I am really not much in favor of rain insur- ance except in some particular cases. If the fair is carrying a heavy indebtedness and is so fixed that a "rain-out" would mean bankruptcy, I believe that it is advisable to carry this protection, provided the ad- vance sale of season tickets is very light. If a fair is in good shape financially I see no need of this insurance. A large advance sale of season tickets is the best insurance and costs nothing." Marion County: "We are not very enthusiastic about rain insurance unless it can be secured at a more reasonable rate. We insured for 12 hours each day from 2:00 a. m. until 2:00 p. m. against .20 of an inch of rain. On Wednesday it drizzled and rained .13 of an inch during the 12 hours. The fair was spoiled for the day but we were unable to col- lect any insurance. On Friday we guessed right and collected a little more than enough to pay the premium." Tama County: "I would favor rain insurance if we could get a 24-hour coverage at a reasonable rate. Had we insured this year and last year on a 10-hour coverage basis we would have been out money both years." Warren County: "This year we had a heavy rain over the county, but very little locally. It kept the people from coming from a distance. We estimated our loss for afternoon and night at $1,000. Rain insurance would have done us no good as it did not rain .20 of an inch on the grounds." Audubon County: "Rates are too high for the forms now in use. It is possible to have the attendance ruined and yet have no protection. PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 61 Twenty-four-hour protection is the best procurable now, but rate is pro- hibitive." Marshall County: "I estimate that if we had carried rain insurance for the past 17 years, the time our fair has been in operation, the cost of the insurance for this period of years based on the rate quoted in 1921 and 1922, we would have been out at least $7,500. For a period of years I think it is a losing game for the fairs, otherwise the insur- ance companies would not be so anxious for the business." Worth County: "Nine fairs have been held under our present man- agement and out of this number only one has in any way been affected on account of rain, and this was the only year that did not show a profit. This is likely the reason why we have not been more interested in rain insurance. We believe, however, that it is only a matter of time until rates on this class of insurance will be established so that we can all take out a reasonable amount. I am in favor of rain insurance." Kossuth County: "Our experience with rain insurance has been very satisfactory. Last year the policy cost us about $800 and we collected $1,450. This year on September 7th we had .24 of an inch rain early in the morning which did not spoil our day, but in fact benefited us, nevertheless we collected the $3,000 insurance carried that day because of the form of the policy we took out." Sac County: "I think it is the only thing for fairs and other outdoor attractions. If you get rained out the insurance comes in mighty handy, and if you have good weather the premium does not amount to much. Our insurance this year called for .20 of an inch of rain within a certain period. We got .21 of an inch and were able to collect." In summing up the comments on rain insurance it is evident that the secretaries are about equally divided for and against insurance. Ac- cording to these reports the average rate on all insurance written in 1922 was 11.5 per cent and the average rate for 1921 was 8.3 per cent. The replies would also indicate that the change in the forms of policies written this year resulted in decreasing the liabilities of the insurance companies, and for that reason the fairs did not receive the protection and benfit they did under the policies written in 1921. For the information of this organization I am attaching hereto a de- tailed statement showing the amount of insurance carried, cost and the amount collected by the 42 fairs that carried insurance this year. 62 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. The following tabulation gives detailed information for each fair carrying rain insurance for 1922 : Name of Fair Location Amount of Insurance . Carried Cost of Insurance Amount Collected Benton County Fair $ 8,000.00 7,000.00 4,500.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 4,000.00 11,000.00 4,000.00 1,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 9,000.00 10,000.00 7,000.00 2,750.00 $ 1,370.20 816.00 499.55 300.00 586.00 575.00 934.00 291.67 233.20 532.80 399.00 787.50 1,516.60 543.90 399.90 315.09 320.70 456.25 400.20 536.00 975.00 533.32 667.50 394.20 933.60 800.00 750.00 799.90 466.20 233.20 621.60 200.00 799.80 488.00 243.25 5,899.50 199.90 2,500.00 437.50 5,251.50 222.00 194.00 Alta Rockwell City Fair Rockwell City Carroll County Fair Carroll Cedar County Fair Tipton Big Four Fair Crawford County Fair The Elkader Fair Elkader Tri-County Fair $ 2,500.00 Delaware County Fair Fayette County Fair Hamburg Fair 750.00 Guthrie County Fair 2,700.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 4,600.00 14,000.00 4,000.00 5,000.00 3,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 5,000.00 7,000.00 6,000.00 2,000.00 8,000.00 .. 1,000.00 Webster City 2 000 00 Britt... Hardin County Fair Eldora Jackson CouDty Fair Jefferson County Fair Fairfield Anamosa District Fair Jones County Fair What Cheer Kossuth County Fair 3,000.00 Columbus Jet. District Fair Columbus Junction Knoxville 1 000 00 Mills County Fair Mitchell County Fair Monroe County Fair Albia O'Brien County Fair Sheldon Poweshiek County Fair 500.00 6,000.00 4.500.00 2,500.00 41,000.00 2,000.00 20,000.00 5,000.00 45,000.00 4,000.00 .. 2,000.00 Sac County Fair Sac City 2,250.00 Mississippi Valley Fair and Exposition . . . Central Iowa Fair 500.00 Hawkeye Fair and Exposition Winnebago County Fair Interstate Fair 5,250.00 Boone County Fair Ogden Plymouth County Fair Total $308,550.00 $35,423.53 $17,750.00 President Estel : Next on our program is "The Sale of Advance Season Tickets," by Mr. C. E. Beman, of Oskaloosa. Mr. Beman: I am a firm believer in season tickets sold before the beginning of the fair. In the organization of our fair seven years ago, when a few of us got together and organized and started our fair, I was elected treasurer and superintendent of gates and tickets. I don't know how it came to me just now, but I introduced to the board the idea of season tickets. Some were for them and some against. However, those that were for were in a majority and we started out to sell season tickets at our fair and, from my point of view, I may say to you today that it has been a success, and season tickets, well worked, do a great deal to make a fair successful. A season ticket, well worked, will mean anywhere PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 63 from three to seven or eight thousand dollars in your treasury before you open the fair. I think a season ticket should be a ticket that you can sell for $2.00, assuming that your fair charges fifty cents gate admission. I would put in that book, which has been the most successful book we have had, four fifty cent tickets, and four twenty-five cent tickets. In that way you give the fellow who buys a ticket before the fair $3.00 worth of tickets for $2.00. You have the $2.00 in your treasury and you give them the $1.00 for buying the ticket. The question may be asked why the four twenty-five cent tickets. I notice a number of you have a twenty-five cent rate after four o'clock or five o'clock. People desiring to come in can use the twenty-five cent ticket. Our tickets are transferable. You may buy a ticket and if you want to bring your family in with it and you have five in the family, and a car, you use four of these fifty cent tickets and two of the twenty- five cent tickets for the other adult, and one twenty-five cent ticket for the car. They can use them any time during the fair and the family can use them. Before I started away I just had received a copy of this program and I hastily picked up three reports I had made as treasurer the past three years, to note the amount of season tickets sold before the fair and I will give you the result in dollars. In 1920 we had a five-day fair and we sold $7,190 worth of season tickets. In 1921 a four-day fair and $4,994. In 1922 a four-day fair, and $5,227. This last year we dropped back to a ticket for $1.50, three full tickets and three twenty-five cent tickets. The ticket this year will be the $2.00 ticket and any of you people who, after hearing this, decide to try a season ticket, and you charge fifty cents, I will advise you to use the ticket I have illustrated. Make it fully transferable, four fifty-cent tickets and four twenty-five cent tickets. There will be some questions asked, perhaps, as to pass-out checks. I don't know what your custom is about that but we don't give pass-out checks. Of course we do extend favors. You have to extend favors to be a good fair man, but you have to extend them with reason and judg- ment. The first year I was treasurer people would come to the gates and want in just to see a man for ten minutes and come right back, and these fellows rarely ever came back. So I say to the men who are sell- ing tickets, take his name, take his fifty cents, and tell him if he is back in thirty minutes the fifty cents is his, if not, it is ours. That is a matter of accommodation and some men who buy season tickets will ask you the question whether or not they can go out. Of course you have the season ticket, they have the book and you know the man. We grant that, but we don't grant pass-out checks with season tickets. As before stated to you, a twenty-five cent ticket pays for the automobile, pays for entry to the ground after 4:30, and the fact you give him an extra dollar of tickets gets them to purchase it. I put tickets in the banks, dry goods stores, drug stores, and we work the sale of them, but I want to say to you that if I would work them in a real way I could sell a good many more tickets than I do, and we always start our fair 64 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. with five to seven thousand dollars in the treasury before the fair gates are open, due to the sale of season tickets. Member: I would like to ask one question, do you permit the removal of these tickets from the books? Mr. Beaman: We take the tickets out as they come in. They come to the gate and we see how many are in the car, and we tear out the number necessary and pass them in. Member : What I was getting at, was this : If I bought one of these season tickets ; could I tear out four tickets and hand them to my friends and let them come in on them? Mr. Beaman : No, sir. When they come to the gate we tear out the tickets and when they are all torn out of the book they are through with it. Member: What percentage of total paid admissions at the gate do you usually sell in season tickets? Mr. Beaman: About one-fifth. Mr. Harvey: I would like to inquire how long before the fair opens you begin to sell tickets? Mr. Beaman: We sell them ten days before and don't allow them to buy them after the fair is open. They will try it but you have to use a rigid rule and say "no" then. President Estel: We will have the report of the Resolutions Committee by Mr. Quarton, of Algona. REPORT OF THE RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE We, the Iowa Fair Managers' Association, in convention assembled, de- sire to express our appreciation for the cooperation and support given this association by the officers and directors of the Iowa State Fair, and conducting our affairs for the past season. And further be it resolved, That we recommend that a uniform classi- fication be adopted for all Iowa fairs, with a minimum and maximum premium, and in order to bring about this result we recommend that the secretary of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association, cooperate with the secretary of the Department of Agriculture of Iowa, by being instructed to prepare such classification and mail the same to each member of thia organization. And whereas, There has been some misunderstanding in reference to the enforcement of a certain rule as contained in our premium books, as it refers to exhibitors who show in classes where there is no competi- tion which reads as follows: Where there is but a single exhibitor in a class the judge shall award but one premium, where two, two premiums may be awarded, and where three or more as many premiums may be awarded as there are exhibitors in the class, except as otherwise pro- vided in social rules under head of department. PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 65 Therefore be it resolved, That the Iowa Fair Managers' Association go on record as approving this rule and recommend the strict enforcement of same by all members of this association. That there has been considerable misunderstanding regarding the ap- plication of the rule, as it applies to the testing of cattle which rule reads as follows: Rule 11 (Amended). All cattle for exhibition or other purposes at the Iowa State Fair or any fair or exhibition held within the state of Iowa, shall be either from a Tuberculosis-Free Accredited Herd or from a herd that has passed one clean test, within one year, under the cooperative plan for the accredit- ing of herds. Cattle other than those above specified shall have passed a satisfactory tuberculin test and found to be free from tuberculosis not more than 90 days prior to the opening date of exhibition at each fair. Therefore be it resolved, That the Iowa Fair Managers' Association go on record as approving this rule and recommend carrying out and strict enforcement of same, and that any failure on the part of either ex- hibitor or the fair management in enforcing this rule be promptly re- ported to the State Veterinarian of Iowa for the protection of all ex- hibitors. We further recommend that all members of this association who con- duct harness horse racing employ license timers, and that all special suppression time be eliminated. Be it resolved, That the Iowa Fair Managers' Association go on record in favor of rigid economy in the conduct of its affairs, but that the dues be not lowered until a sufficient and adequate fund has been accumulated to take care of the legitimate needs of this association, especially for educational, publicity and legislative purposes. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) S. D. QUARTON, E. W. Williams, H. S. Stanbery. Mr. Quarton : I move the adoption of the resolutions as pre- sented. The motion seconded. President Estel : You have heard the motion that the resolutions as read be adopted. All in favor of the motion signify by saying aye. Contrary the same sign. The motion is carried and the reso- lutions are adopted. We will now hear from Mr. Williams. Mr. E. W. Williams: Iowa fair managers and secretaries must take an invoice of themselves. For this reason many of the fairs of Iowa are not up to the standard they should be. They are spending more money than they are really taking in. After you arrive home, take last year's book and look up the number of stock listed in each depart- ment, the amount of profit made, and the amount of money expended for free acts, etc. There are some of these fairs misrepresenting last 5 66 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. year unintentionally, we will put it, or else their program will fall mightily behind this year in the amount allowed to races and ball games and free acts. I think many fairs are misrepresenting the facts of their fair. I think that each fair should take a change and an invoice of themselves and see where they stand, and I think many of you men here will agree with me that many of the fairs are going beyond their means. So I say if the fair managers, whether by districts as laid out by our association or not, take the fairs within say a radius of thirty miles that have railroad connections, and have the managers meet at some central point. In our eastern district we take in a list of fairs such as Strawberry Point, Manchester, Independence, Jesup, Marion, Maquoketa, Elkader and West Union. We take an invoice of ourselves. Are you furnishing everything free to the exhibitors, are you allowing pass-out checks, and such things as that? You should get together and talk over what purses you will put up, what program you are going to put up. Personally, I think many of us fairs, and I am including myself in this, have been trying to outdo each other. I am in favor of the exhibitor and the concession man, and I believe if we men will get together and talk over these things every summer we will do away with some of these expenses. Arrange your race cards. Arrange your baseball games. At Independence in our district this year we put up a hundred dollar purse, divided sixty and forty for baseball, and when I arrived home I had three letters upon my desk in a week from baseball teams in our county that we had helped while the war was on, saying that they would not play for that. These baseball teams did not take into consideration what we had been doing and they all wanted a $250 guarantee. By our organization our three fairs saved ourselves $400. I believe we have to have our organizations and I think that the secretary has got all your counties laid out on the letterhead, and if you can't work in harmony with all of your fairs, in your district, you should submit the question and have a change of ar- rangement so that you can. Have it so it is convenient and then you can meet and take up the smallest details and you can work them out. I worked one year with Waverly on a change of acts, but that is an exception and I know there are not many towns arranged on the railroads so you can. But if the Iowa fair secretaries ever in the world should take an invoice of themselves financially, I believe it is now and the dis- trict meetings to me are the best thing we have ever had. President Estel : Mr. Wilkinson, our secretary, has very interest- ing things to tell us in regard to the Toronto meeting which he attended for the organization, and before we get into the questions it would probably be well to have Mr. Wilkinson give us a review of that meeting and what it accomplished. Secretary Wilkinson: I was going to give you a review of the year's work starting from the last annual meeting. The results of the last annual meeting you all received many months ago in this printed pam- PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 67 phlet which Mr, Corey sent out and I think there is no need of going over that. In accordance with a motion made during the meeting last year it was recommended that this association apply for membership in the International Association of Fairs and Exhibitions and that our representative be at their meeting provided we could obtain member- ship. I went to Chicago last February and was successful in obtaining membership for this organization in the International Association. The International Association works on matters that are of great interest and great benefit to all fairs. I am sure we will be very well repaid for every cent it cost to belong to the association. At several times during the spring and summer we received bulletins from Don B. Moore, secretary of that association, which I had printed in cicular form and mailed to all members of this association. One of these bulletins told of freight classifications. They dealt with a re- duction of passenger fare rates and gave rates for your fare returns. Another thing that came up during the summer was through the news- papers of this state taking the matter up with me and wanting me to advise the members of the association regarding the collection of the tax or license for eating stands and eating houses on fair grounds as required by law. The International Association of Fairs and Exhibitions held their meeting at Toronto this year on Thanksgiving week. The main topic of the meeting was the carnival fair clean-up which the Billboard has been pushing for the past few months. There was a great deal of ar- gument and strife started by some fair men present who took excep- tion to certain articles that had been printed and certain statements made, but nevertheless after a great deal of argument the resolution which appeared in the Billboard was adopted. The point that they were actually taken on is that gambling for money with or without protest be prohibited on all fair grounds. They also referred to the '49 Camps or shows where the men dance with hired women, and a number of other things. I believe in the state of Iowa we were a little above these things as we have for a number of years prohibited these things, and the fairs in general have been very clean in the state of Iowa for years. President Estel : We have just a few questions we want to have answered. This is one of the questions — "Would it be possible to get the legislature to amend the law providing for state aid to the county fairs so as not to compel them to publish the list of premium awards ?" Member: That is my question. Before we got this additional state aid it was not necessary to publish a list of premium awards. Now with this new law it is costing us in the neighborhood of $150 to have this list of awards published, and I presume you are all in exactly the same boat. We appreciate state aid but I hate to give seven and a half or ten per cent to the newspapers to pub- lish this in order to get it. 68 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. Member: I would like to speak on this subject just a minute from a newspaper man's standpoint. We newspaper men always like to have the fair premiums, and most always have made an effort to get them, and publish them when they were of news value, but the law as provided at the present time a good many secretaries delay the preparing of this list as it is to be published, until it ceases to be of news value. On the other hand, it is perfectly legitimate that the newspaper should have some compensation of publishing that. It is usually published quite a number of weeks after the fair is over, and from a newspaper man's standpoint it ceases to be of very much news value at that time. Mr. Graves : I would like to say in connection with this publica- tion of the premium list, I find that if the secretary will get this into the hands of the newspapers within the next week after the fair closes, they are always glad to publish it and if the secretary will take it to the papers I think he comes within the meaning of the state law if he reports that to the state department with this clipping. But if he puts it off and the editor has to make a special notice of it afterwards, I know in one instance it cost us $132 because we didn't clip the papers. Otherwise I don't think there is any added expense for that. Mr. Corey : Just a word along this line. I don't recall just now who was chairman of your legislative committee at the time this law was passed, but I believe it was Mr. Ridgley of Independence. If you recall when the Taylor bill was before the committee, some provision was made in the bill for the publication of the awards. They contended if the state was appropriating something like $2,000 maximum there should be a statement published as to who this money was going to. Another thought was brought out at that time that the exhibitors who make your show are entitled to and appreciate this advertising. I think as the gentleman said, if the county fair secretaries will try to get this to the newspapers within a week or so after the fair, practically all of them are glad to publish it as news. As far as the department is concerned we have tried to be very liberal in the interpretation of the law, and accepted published lists of awards in various forms. At one time I believe we sent out a skeleton form and suggested how we would like to have the awards published, and a good many fairs followed that. The idea was, for instance, taking the shorthorn class, simply show the amount of award paid each exhibitor in that class. Some fairs go much farther than that, and show first and second place. You recall at PROCEEDINGS IOWA STATE FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 69 that time it was one of the things that the committee contended for, the publication of the award so the state might know where the money was going. Mr. Hunt: We find it mighty good business to pay the news- papers for publishing this for all the free space we get during the fair. Mr. Emery : I agree with the gentleman that it is good business to pay for publication of the premium list. At Spencer I get a lot of publicity from our two newspapers. Possibly some of you gentle- men received the special fair edition of the News Herald, forty-eight pages the week before our fair. It is certainly wonderful publicity and I give each paper the premium list and I think it pays, and I certainly would not want to have any law or rule whereby I could not pay my two papers this money for publishing this premium list. I had a secretary write me two or three years ago and ask me how I worked my newspapers to get this publicity. I say that a good secretary can get all this publicity if he will treat his newspapers right and get them interested in his fair. President Estel : Is there any further discussion? If not, we will have the next question read. Secretary Wilkinson : Is the time coming when County Fairs will be consolidated into district fairs of four or more counties? (Answers of "no," "never," "I hope not.") President Estel : The next question ? Secretary Wilkinson: After nine years of evening fireworks program, would it pay us to change our evening show? (Answers of "No" and "Yes.") Secretary Wilkinson : How do you handle stockholders' tickets, I mean what concessions do you make to stockholders ? (Answers of "none.") Member : How do you handle it ? (Answers "They pay.") Member: We don't make any concessions to stockholders. The fair don't pay dividends of any kind and the men who put their money in go through the gates and buy tickets. Mr. Selby : In Wayne county our president, secretary and treas- urer pay for their tickets, every stockholder buys his ticket and we pay no salary or dividends. Member : We followed that same plan this year at our fair and it worked out fine. The president bought his ticket the same as anybody else. 70 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II. Member: If I buy my ticket I won't be president, I'll tell the world that. I spend three months getting ready and I am not going to pay to get in. The president is furnishing his time for nothing during two or three weeks or for a month, or maybe twelve months, and then if he has got to pay his fare into the fair I will say that man is crazy, that is all there is to that. President Estel : Let's have a show of hands as to how many fairs represented here give free admission to stockholders. Five furnish stockholders free admission. Mr. Cooper: Our fair association is organized under the state laws and we have eighty stockholders. We give the stockholders tickets into the fair, they buy shares for $100 and they have put in that much money and they never get anything out of that money outside of admission at the outside gate, and I am like this man here, if I didn't put up these tickets I would have to move from town. I refer to a season ticket that admits the man and his family, his children under eighteen years of age. President Estel: We are now adjourned. PART III Proceedings of State Agricultural Convention, House Chamber, State House, Des Moines, Iowa, December 13, 1922 The convention was called to order at 10:00 a. m., by President Cameron who announced that they would start the meeting with community singing led by Alfred H. Smith of Des Moines. Vice President J. P. Mullen : Gentlemen we will now proceed with the regular program. The first topic will be the annual address by President C. E. Cameron. President Cameron: Gentlemen of the Convention and Fair Managers — We have passed another milestone in state fair history with very satis- factory results. When we consider the condition of the money market and the low prices that prevailed for farm products for the last year, I venture the statement, all these things considered, that from a finan- cial standpoint and in all that goes to make a well balanced show, this year's fair equalled, if it did not actually surpass, all previous efforts. I am led to this belief by the unusual number of high class exhibits shown in all departments, their ideal classification and arrangement, and by the efficient service rendered by those in whose care the exhibits were placed. It is a great pleasure to note this favorable comment on the fair work, for criticism was barely noticeable this year, or at least minimized to an unusual degree. Of course there were many other features of the fair deserving of spe- cial mention, but the fact that this particular phase was not overlooked, making it pleasant as well as profitable for the patrons of the fair is surely gratifying to everyone who had anything to do with making the fair a success. There are some things about the preliminary de- tails of the 1922 fair that I want to tell you; some things about the conditions that actually existed when we commenced planning for it. I am doing this because the conditions at that time were so unusual that many perplexities confronted us, and I want to tell you how we met them. In planning for this year's fair I am frank to tell you, the board had some misgivings regarding the final outcome. There were plenty of reasons for this uncertainty. You are all aware that this is to a great extent an agricultural state; consequently our people depend in great measure on the prices received for live stock and farm products for their prosperity. The Iowa State Fair, too, is recognized and is pre- dominantly an agricultural and live stock show. So that on the well being of this class of people the fair must depend for support. 72 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. At this time last year deflation had reached its lowest ebb; values were affected in every line, things were running against the producer; prices of farm crops were especially low; selling was admittedly at a loss to the farmer. It looked very doubtful if this class of people would be in the mood or could afford to spend the time to attend the fair. Other lines of industry it is true suffered untold distress, but the farmer because of his inability to dispose of his products through an effective selling organization, and forced to sell at ruinous and un- profitable prices to meet his pressing obligations, was unquestionably hit the hardest of all our people. This was the situation at this time among the people who make the state fair and the county and district fairs successful. So, for the board, it seemed largely to be a guess which way to turn. It was a question as to the best thing to do in planning for the 1922 fair. You may be sure that there was plenty of discussion and there were differ- ences of opinion, but on one point at least there was immediate and harmonious decision, "In All That Is Good Iowa Affords the Best," and the proud position of the Iowa State Fair at home and the enviable reputation it holds as a leader among similar institutions in the nation, was not to be surrendered or abridged, but maintained at all costs. I want you to remember that the 1921 fair barely played even, exclusive of maintenance. Since that time the office expense and the maintenance of grounds and buildings, besides other necessary and incidental items of expense were rapidly eating up the surplus carried over from the previous more prosperous years. To keep the fair going with its old time prestige, to offer and to pay the usual quota in premiums and to carry out a program in keeping with the past record of the institution; to do all this, and in addition to reduce the admission at the outside gates to the popular pre-war price of fifty cents would assuredly mean that expenses must be cut somewhere along the line. It had to be cut to the amount of thirty-five or forty thousand dollars if the total re- ceipts and expenditures of the 1921 fair were used as a basis. This was the situation that confronted the board when they faced the problem of finding ways and means for financing the 1922 fair. After some reflection the board became convinced that a sharp de- crease in expenditures was absolutely unavoidable. Where to make this cut in expenses without impairing the worthy features, was the all- important factor to be solved. The action taken by the board to meet this unusual situation worked out so successfully that I am pleased to inform you that this great saving was accomplished through the practical application of the budget system to all departments of the fair. I am sure that you will be very much interested when I tell you that this was effected without any perceptible reduction in premiums or in any of the features that add to the educational and permanent value of the fair. It was to a great extent deducted from the features that are termed recreational, such as amusements, attractions, racing and also through a very substantial reduction in the number and daily wage of all the assistants, helpers and employes. There existed some opposi- tion and minor objections to such drastic action, but the board seemed PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 73 fully justified in taking the initiative as a matter of public economy as well as to sponsor a program that would bring results. Many of you fair men have a similar situation at home in trying to make both ends meet, so I wish seriously to recommend that you adopt the budget system in all the departments of your fairs. In conducting your fairs exercise great care in keeping the expenses below the prob- able average receipts. If you do this and apply the budget system fear- lessly your fears and problems will soon disappear. By liberal and ju- dicious methods of advertising aided by special features which seemed to possess great drawing powers the fair not only showed an increased attendance but a very handsome profit. In spite of many apparent earlier handicaps the count showed a greatly increased attendance over 1921. Our Iowa friends and patrons ought to take just pride in this achieve- ment, for no other state fair showed such an increased attendance as did the Iowa State Fair this year. Approximately three hundred sixty thousand people passed through the turnstiles. This is an increase of sixty thousand over 1921 and to my mind tells the wonderful drawing power of the state fair. There must surely be some reason for this continued support from the rural population of the state, and I believe it is found in the fact that the state fair is recognized and supported as one of the successful and worthy state institutions. It belongs to all the people of the state and by their unstinted patronage the people manifest both a state and per- sonal pride in its success. So much for the fair, if anything more is needed its continued success speaks for itself. Just a word on farming and the farmer — for the last two or three years his lot has not been a pleasant one. Because of the severe re- action from war-time prices and the depreciation in values which fol- lowed so rapidly, the farmer was caught holding the sack, without ability to meet his obligations from the diminished proceeds of his own and his family's labors. The part the farmer plays in producing the neces- sities of life is surely an important one, for on his labors or success of his labors depend the welfare of the whole human family. If he cannot realize a profit on the fruits of his labor it becomes only a matter of time until he will change his calling or find it convenient to limit production, resulting in consequent hardships for the millions of people who most depend for their daily bread on the labors of others. For this reason the state and national governments should manifest an interest in his burdens, and cooperate with him in the enactment of legislation to provide better marketing facilities to stabilize prices, and to afford him a reasonable return on his investment. Many things can be done for him without injury to any other business or industry. I refer in a larger sense to the increase of the Federal Farm Loan maxi- mum to any one borrower of $25,000.00. Also to the continuation of the War Finance Board, operated on a practical basis of credit; with its sphere of activity increased to meet every reasonable requirement. The Federal Reserve Bank also can help greatly in a more liberal recog- nition of the borrowing power of live stock and farming communities in comparison with other industries of the country. These organiza- 74 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. tions and others have unquestionably rendered valuable service, but I have in mind the greater good that they may yet accomplish. It is very noticeable, more than ever before, that there is a greater willingness to help the farmer with his burdens. This is as it should be and is a good augury for the future. For on the prosperity of the farmer depends, in large measure, the prosperity of the nation. Tnere will be no permanent national prosperity until the farmer is enabled to come back again into the nation's markets as a buyer, with cash to spend. Then and not until then will the wheels of industry hum for the comfort and prosperity of the whole country. Evidence is accumulat- ing every day that the farmer is coming back; that he will realize more on this year's crop than on any of the two previous ones. He is by no means out of the woods but he is on the way and his prospects appear much brighter than a year ago. With bounteous crops, and a rising market, obligations will be more easily met, the buying power of the farmer will increase, and a new turn in the road is just ahead. With better prospects and a brighter future the financial disturbances of the last few years will untimately disappear and be forgotten. For such a day we ought be thankful and to welcome its coming. The citizenship of our state, patient, but alert, will readily respond to the touch of a better outlook, and the old commonwealth of Iowa, asking only for an even start and a fair chance, will again shine with added lustre and blossom with abundance for the comfort and happiness of all our people. President Cameron: The next order of business is the appoint- ment of the following committees: Committee on Credentials: H. L. Pike, Monona; R. S. Johnson, Louisa; H. M. Stafford, Fayette. The Committee on Resolutions: R. R. Clark, Grundy; C. A. Wenstrand, Page; C. F. Curtiss, Story. We will now have the report of our Secretary A. R. Corey. Secretary A. R. Corey: As usual, I have submitted my report in printed form to this convention. There are just a few things I would like to say, however, that I learned while at the National Convention last week. I don't know whether we all appreciate it or not, but the attend- ance at the Iowa State Fair this year increased about twenty-three per cent, and on the figures given by the statistical committee of the Inter- national Association of Fairs no other fair showed an increase like this. In fact, the attendance at the Iowa State Fair equalled the attendance of the Michigan State Fair, which is held in a city of over a million population. Our attendance came within 20,000 of the great Minnesota fair which has a million people within street car riding distance of their grounds. Financially, I think there was only one other fair in the United States that came out better than Iowa did this year. That was Minnesota. Minnesota still maintained this seventy-five cent admission at the outside gate and all of the other war-time admissions at the grand stand and their horse show. In regard to the exhibit at the State Fair this year, which is the basis for judging all agricultural fairs, or should be, of course it makes PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 75 us all feel good if the balance comes out on the right side, showing a profit, but when it conies down to facts we must judge live stock and agricultural fairs from the exhibit standpoint. There is no question but that the Iowa State Fair had the best balanced live stock show in its history. In fact, a larger percentage of our premiums were called for this year than ever before. Practically every class was filled. We are also very proud of the exhibit in the agricultural building which was well filled with county exhibits and individual farm exhibits, and a wonderful horticultural show. Mr. Cameron has spoken to you about the budget system. I really feel very proud of the work the Board did this year. I think you all realize it is a very easy matter to add to your premiums and add to the expenses of your fair. We got into that habit during the war. But when you come to cut down it is rather a hard proposition. Mr. Cam- eron told you that at the meeting in March the board went over this very carefully and made out a budget calling for a reduction of about $35,000. This called for a good big cut in a number of departments, especially in some of the amusement features, but I want to say that every mem- ber of the Board put his shoulder to the wheel and worked with the Executive Committee, and the superintendents outside of members of the Board did the same thing, and after the fair was over and our books were balanced they showed we only ran over our budget about three per cent. In fact, the expenses of the fair, other than premiums only overran $2,000. I feel that is a wonderful showing. Some of the other fairs operate on this same basis and I was dis- cussing the matter with them during our meeting in Chicago, and one fair manager said, "We always make up a budget, we did again this year, but overshot about $15,000. We were pretty well pleased," he said. "We usually go over from $20,000 to $25,000." We have worked out this budget system before in different departments, that is for advertising, attractions and things of that kind, but this was the first year we ever applied the budget system to all departments of the fair. This matter was also discussed by the county fair managers last year and I believe they profited by it. I noticed in tabulating the expenses of the county fairs in the state of Iowa this year that they reduced their operating expenses about five per cent. That is quite a creditable showing because it has been going the other way for a good many years. Now, as I said, I have prepared a report of some eighty pages and I have tried to cover every detail of the fair. The financial report is in detail and there are data that cover the exhibits and everything of that nature. I am not going to take time to read any portion of this report. You can all take it home with you and look it over. 76 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY A. R. Corey Iowa Department of Agriculture and The Iozva State Fair and Exposition There is submitted herewith for the information of the delegates in attendance at the County Fair Managers convention, and the State Agricultural convention, a report covering the county and dis- trict fairs held in the State of Iowa during the year 1922, and a re- port covering the 1922 Iowa State Fair. The work of the Department of Agriculture will be presented in the Year Book of Agriculture, and a supplement to the Year Book covering the Stallion Registration Division. The following summary shows the number of stallions enrolled by the Department from January 1, 1922, to November 30, 1922: No. Issued | Pees Total Fees Pure Bred Stallions: 340 $1.00 $ 340.00 Renewal Certificates-. 1,795 [ l.OO 428 .50 1,795.00 214.00 Grade Stallions: 74 263 38 51 423 89 45 187 41 1 1.00 1.00 .50 1.00 1.00 .50 1.00 1.00 .50 .50 74.00 263.00 Transfer Certificates 19.00 Pure Bred Jacks: Original Certificates 51.00 Renewal Certificates.. 423.00 Transfer Certificates . 44.50 Grade Jacks: Original Certificates 45.00 Renewal Certificates.. 187.00 Transfer Certificates 20.50 .50 Back fees collected.. 338.00 Total .. .. , $3,814.50 Deposited with treasurer 1 1 $3,814.50 1 The records of the Stallion Registration Division show a de- crease in the number of stallions enrolled each year for the past seven years. The best information at hand points to a revival of the draft horse industry. The fact that draft horses' at the present time are commanding good prices at the horse markets, and the fact that the value of the draft horse has decreased less during the period of deflation than almost any other product on the farm, lends encourage- ment to the industry. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 77 The farmer must realize that with the present prices of feed, the horse is the most economical motive power to be used on the farm. He is also aware that the horse is a consumer of the products raised upon the farm and in producing and using horses he is making a greater market for his products. During the fiscal year ending July 1, 1922, the Department re- ceived reports from seventy Farmers Institutes and Short Course Associations. These institutes held 214 sessions, employed 358 speakers and had a total attendance of 64,685. The State Aid paid the institutes on the certificate of the department amounted to $3,533.50. The Department has published during the year, six editions of "GREATER IOWA," having a preferred mailing list of 18,000. The aims and purposes of the publication has been to place in the hands of those that can use the material to the best advantage, definite information regarding the State of Iowa, laying stress upon the agricultural and live stock industries, and to give the proper information regarding the Iowa State Fair. This publicity work has also been supplemented by news items and notices to the press of the State. The Department publishes annually the "Iowa Year Book of Agriculture." The volume contains about 800 pages and covers all of the activities of the Department. Among the more important subjects covered are the Farm and Crop statistics collected by the township assessors, comparative statistics covering a period of years, a report of all board and committee meetings of the State Board of Agriculture, a complete report of the State Fair, including the pre- mium awards in all departments, the proceedings of numerous state organizations allied with agriculture, bulletins, addresses and papers upon agriculture and live stock subjects. COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS Ninety-five county and district fairs were held in the State of Iowa during the year 1922. This was an increase of three over the previous year. These fairs received state aid in the sum of $168,062.33, an in- crease of $10,371.43 over 1921. Fifty-one fairs received the limit of $2,000 each. The average state aid for all fairs was $1,770.00. The receipts at the outside gates and grandstand show a slight increase over 1921, regardless of the fact that all fairs went back to 78 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. 50c admission at the outside gate. Their statements show there was an increase of about 8 per cent in the amount of premiums paid and a slight reduction in the expense of all other departments. The de- crease in the total expense of these fairs amounted to about SJ/2 per cent. Sixty-seven fairs showed a profit of $136,144.30 and twenty- seven a loss of $22,836.57, leaving a net profit on all fairs of $113,- 307.73. These figures take into consideration only the receipts and operating expense of the fair. From this profit and the receipts other than fair, such as stock sold, subscriptions, etc., must be paid the maintenance of the grounds and buildings and any additions or improvements made on the grounds. The receipts from the fairs were as follows : Outside gates, $566,237.72; grand stand, $188,361.39; entry fees, speed depart- ment, $31,617.62; concessions and privileges, $138,316.45; adver- tising in premium list and programs, $29,946.86; state aid, $168,- 062.33; miscellaneous receipts, $150,211.49, making the total receipts from the operation of all fairs, $1,272,753.86. Adding to this the balance on hand at the beginning of the year, $85,690.36 and the receipts other than fair, $257,627.52, which includes subscriptions, stock sold, etc., makes the total receipts of all fairs $1,616,071.74. The disbursements covering the operating expense of these fairs were as follows: Premiums other than speed, $323,217.69; purses for speed events, $197,465.47; music and attractions, $276,580.78, and the miscellaneous expense, $362,182.19, making the total ex- pense of all fairs $1,159,446.13. In addition to the actual operating expense of the fairs, the in- debtedness of previous years paid during the current year amounted to $148,022.28, and there was expended for improvements, main- tenance, etc., $234,801.84, making the total disbursements $1,542,- 270.25. Sixty-six fairs closed the year with a balance of $105,766.09 on hand. Nineteen show an over-draft of $31,964.60, and ten show their accounts just balance. The grounds and buildings are valued at $3,896,645.60 and the interest bearing indebtedness amounts to $1,133,326.58. The reports of these fairs indicate that the breeders and other exhibitors are showing a keener interest in these institutions. This is evident by a substantial increase in the number of exhibitors in all departments and the increase in the number of head of live stock shown. There is also evidence of a closer co-operation between the management of these fairs and the farmer and the breeders of PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 79 the communities in which they are held. This has resulted in a larger number of exhibitors, a larger and better exhibit of live stock and a liberal increase in premiums in all departments. The total attendance of the ninety-five fairs was 1,571,940, which was an increase of 95,898 over that of 1921. The total paid admis- sions were 1,273,406, an increase of 64,123. Seventy-nine fairs put on programs in front of the grand stand in the afternoon with an attendance of 374,055. This showed an increase of 42,855 over the previous year. Eighty-two fairs put on night shows with a total attendance of 191,042, an increase of 34,975 over the attendance in 1921. The reports covering rain insurance show that forty-two fairs carried rain insurance this year as compared with eighteen in 1921. The total insurance carried was $308,550.00 and the premiums amounted to $35,423.53. Nine of these fairs collected $17,750.00 in- surance. Comparing the cost and the benefit of rain insurance for the years 1921 and 1922 the results were just reversed. In 1921 eighteen fairs carried $221,500 insurance at a cost of $18,359.80 and collected in losses $56,811.17. In 1922 thirty-nine fairs carried $308,550.00 at a cost of $35,423.53 and collected $17,750.00. The reports reflect a wide difference of opinion among fair man- agers as to the advisability of carrying rain insurance. A number contend that figuring over a period of several years, the fairs can best afford to carry their own risk, especially where they are suc- cessful in selling season tickets in advance of the fair. Others contend that the rates are too high to warrant carrying insurance. This contention, however, is not borne out if we are to take cost and insurance collected by the fairs in Iowa for the past two years. A number contend that it is possible to have the attend- ance ruined by rains near the fairgrounds, or on hours not cov- ered by the policy or cold cloudy weather and still be unable to collect any insurance. On the other hand quite a number feel the rain insurance is a life saver for county fairs and no fair can afford to carry their own insurance. Especially is this true with fairs that are badly in debt. 80 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. The following tabulation gives detailed information for each fair carrying rain insurance for 1922 : Name of Fair Benton County Pair — __ Buchanan County Fair Buena Vista County Pair Rockwell City Fair Carroll County Pair Cedar County Fair. North Iowa Fair Big Four Fair Crawford County Fair The Elkader Fair Tri-County Fair Decatur County Fair Delaware County Fair _ Fayette County Fair Hamburg Fair Guthrie County Fair Hamilton County Exposition Hancock County Fair Hardin County Fair Jackson County Fair Jefferson County Fair Anamosa District Fair Jones County Fair What Cheer Fair and Exposition.. Kossuth County Fair Columbus Jet. District Fair Marion County Fair Mills County Fair Mitchell County Fair Monroe County Fair O'Brien County Fair Poweshiek County Fair Clarinda Fair Sac County Fair Schleswig District Pair Mississippi Valley Fair and Expo- sition Central Iowa Fair Hawkeye Fair and Exposition Winnebago County Fair Interstate Fair Boone County Fair Plymouth County Fair Location Vinton Independence Alta Rockwell City Carroll Tipton Mason City Nashua Arion Elkader Perry Leon. Manchester West Union Hamburg Guthrie Center Webster City Britt Eldora Maquoketa Fairfield Anamosa Monticello What Cheer Algona Columbus Junction. Knoxville Malvern Osage Albia— Sheldon Malcolm Clarinda Sac City Schleswig Davenport.. Ames Fort Dodge- Forest City- Sioux City_. Ogden Le Mars Amount of Insurance Cost of Carried Insurance Amount Collected 8,000.00 7,000.00 4,500.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 4,000.00 11,000.00 4,000.00 1,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 9,000.00 10,000.00 7,000.00 2,750.00 2,700.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 4,600.00 14,000.00 4,000.00 5,000.00 3,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 5,000.00 7,000.00 6,000.00 2,00O.CO 8,000.00 1,000.00 6.000.00 4,500.00 2,500.00 41,000.00 2,000.00 20,000.00 5,000.00 45,000.00 4.000.00 2,000.00 Total ^308,550.00 $35,423.53 1,370.20 816.00 499.55 300.00 586.00 575.00 934.00 291.67 233.20 532.80 399.00 787.50 1,516.60 543.90 399.90 315.09 320.70 456.25 400.20 536.00 975.00 533.32 667.50 394.20 933.60 800.00 750.00 799.90 466.20 233.20 621.60 200.00 799.80 488.00 243.25 5,899.50 199.90 2,500.00 437.50 5,251.50 222.00 194.00 $ 2,500.00 750.00 I'oob'.oo 3,000.00 Tooo'oo 500.00 Y,250.ob 500. 00 5,250.00 $17,750.00 There is presented herewith four tables giving detailed information for each fair. Table number one deals with the receipts and dis- bursements of the fairs and shows the profit or loss. Table number two sets forth the financial condition of each fair; showing the balance on hand at the beginning of the year and the balance or over- draft at the close of the year. Also the appraised value of the grounds and buildings and the interest bearing indebtedness. Table number three gives the number of exhibitors, the number of head of live stock on exhibition and the amount of cash premiums paid PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 81 in the various departments. Table number four shows the total attendance at the outside gates, day and night grandstand, also the total paid admissions and the admission fees paid. There is also submitted a tabulation showing receipts from ticket sales ; the cost of advertising and the per cent of ticket sales spent for advertising. Another statement gives a list of the fairs receiv- ing County Aid, the amount and purpose for which it was appro- priated. 82 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. TABLE NO. 1.— RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF County, City or Town Receipts Ticket Sales Adair, Greenfield Adams, Corning Allamakee, Waukon Audubon, Audubon Benton, Vinton Black Hawk, Waterloo Boone, Ogden Bremer, Waverly Buchanan, Aurora.- — Buchanan, Independence Buchanan, Jesup Buena Vista, Alta Butler, Allison Calhoun, Manson Calhoun, Rockwell City Carroll, Carroll — Carroll, Coon Rapids Cass, Atlantic _., Cedar, Tipton Cerro Gordo, Mason City... Chickasaw, Nashua Clay, Spencer Clayton, Elkader Clayton, National Clayton, Strawberry Point-. Clinton, De Witt Crawford, Arion Crawford, Schleswig Dallas, Perry Davis, Bloomfleld Decatur, Leon Delaware, Manchester Des Moines, Burlington Dubuque, Dyersville Payette, West Union. Fremont, Hamburg Greene, Jefferson Grundy, G"rundy Center Guthrie, Guthrie Center Hamilton, Webster City Hancock, Britt Hardin, Ackley Hardin, Eldora Harrison, Missouri Valley... Henry, Mt. Pleasant Henry, Winfield Humboldt, Humboldt Ida, Ida Grove Jackson, Maquoketa Jasper, Newton Jefferson, Fairfield Jones, Anamosa Jones, Monticello Keokuk, What Cheer Kossuth, Algona Lee, Donnellson Lee, West Paint Linn, Central City Linn, Marion Lbuisa, Columbus Junction- Lucas, Derby Lyon, Rock Rapids Mahaska, Oskaloosa 4,776.95 2,324.85 4,357.05 6,295.65 6,915.50 27,323.35 2,740.30 8,367.94 1,416.05 5,384.25 1,704.75 7,164.11 4,264.00 4,256.55 3,855.50 4,521.50 7,622.75 6,160.50 13,709.00 4,648.78 18,763.10 4,453.30 3,100.00 1,853.75 5,559.97 4,415.02 2,743.00 8,731.50 6,405.00 8,206.40 12,393.72 3,689.25 11,002.65 2,754.44 4,090.25 3,706.05 5,021.25 4,113.25 4,808.73 41.00 4,710.60 3,974.35 8,674.25 3,498.50 4,762.30 1,895.45 4,178.49 5,469.39 8,306.75 4,999.60 6,060.75 2,067.00 8,656.33 3,472.75 3,330.00 2,739.54 4,138.00 4,291.50 1,806.00 7,385.14 17,331.61 757.65$ 615.95 538.95.. 920.05.. 1,221.95 11,396.40 _. 369.75 1,743.00 220.50$ 88.00 707.75 812.00 656.25 903.75 894.25 1,053.85 2,848.70 1,436.05 7,653.50 1,315.76 4,991.99 907.25 351.80 896.40 2,126.25 783.25 707.30 4,935.45 3,508.75 1,804.85 0,976.50 1,770.65 503.10 1,687.75 609.25 643.45 1,100.25 646.20 5,434.30 1,550.75 1,695.20 723.50 1,814.05 3,379.18 1,700.91 1,418.25 683.00 1,636.00 427.25 1,471.10 1,570.95 2,353.60 1,631.90 9,975.50 70.00 loiToo 369.00 22.10 176.75 288.95 368.89 112 75.00 863.50 720.00 70.00 475.00 770.00 69.05 992.50 20.00 30.00 699.50' 475.00 750. 267. 889. 1,432. 1,473. 2,838. 629. 2,774. 229. 1,546. 72. 1,183 752. 940. 1,394. 1,785. $ 165.60 152.10 227.50 512. OC 130.00 225.00 ,005.00 820.00 198.50 27.00 433.00 793.00 650.00 420.00 416.00 320.00 637.00 150.00 320.00 140.00 490.00 ,000.00 715. 00 333.00 2,267.00 998.20 5,721.84 973.00 3,677.50 1,019.80 303.50 505.00 1,124.35 883.76 518. (X 319.(X 2,576.58 1,346.43 2,021.91 2,326.00 9SO.00 3,364.04 610.05 793.70 328.50 1,239.00 467.40 1,245.79 1,145 764, 3,412 962. 1,010. 136, 932 1,267, 2,270 1,248, 1,810 528 1,694 353, 597 901. 1,084 1,290 103, 1,698, 3,470 532.00 1,086.00 703.50 552.85 1,250.00 65.00 361.00 251.00 272.00 48.00 330.50 464.00 512.50 850.50 741.00 151.05 326.00 219.00 1,056.50 528.50 470.40 1,025.00 335.50 291.00 700.00 136.00 378.00 266.60 43.45 564.00 302.00 416.00 720.50 598.00 692.50 491,00 1,078.50 217.00 831.91 430.75 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 83 COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS IN IOWA IN 1922. Receipts Disbursements §1 -o .2 426.28$ 734.47 208.251 366.51 459.69 16,851.671 1,135.00 667.28 217.46 868.50 877.43 866.35 516.50 493.47 271.00 249.62 511.50 1,108.16 1,122.501 1,246.73| 1,657.30 928.50 700.64! 585.25 806.04) 1,252.98 1,247.15 3,497.92 1 50 2,423.53 2,698.00 3,450.32 5,096.40 1,342.95 593.35 1,167.50 879.00 830.50 467.45 754.48! 806.59! 456.00; 1,651.06 462.25 2,468.13 1,023.09 90.13 1,544.98 1,565.90 3,051.64 1,206.50 499.05 875.63 400.70 3,898.50 1,494.75 1,511.25 4,399.73 3,227.34 1,203.85 514.65 788.20 ■2.5C0.94 8,871.36 6,150.72 8,221.25 10,367.79 12,547.14 61,495.42 6,176.16 16,625.18 4,127.88 11,934.20 4,808.08 12,394.85 8,272.50 8,668.77 9,278.25 10,209.86! 1,095.78 16,167.61 12,436.90 31,149.07 10,810.95 31,353.59 9,564.99 6,709.95 6,911.69 13,364.55 9,329.18 5,073.52 7,749.85 21,692.56 16,470.03 18,539.98 29,833.12 8,482.60 19,755.69 7,370.59 9,741.70 7,474.30 8,103.60 8,035.13 9,451.21 897.00 11,210.06 8,113.62; 9,478.59 9,319.82 4,664.58 9,802.571 14,697.73 17, 812. 46 ' 11,098.55 13,045.061 5,679.15 18,522.33 7,375.30 8,870.45 12,143.21 13,540.29 12,139.80 4,286.80 15,050.65 36,042.64 2,456.05$ 2,779.75 2,886.50 1,790.10 2,624.75 16,766.85 — 1,137.45 5,080.88! 2,316.20 5,031.55 2,608.25 3,271.50 2,675.75 3,198.25 3,268.21 2,029.90 730.35 — 3,953.45 2,787.75 7,422.10 2,527.60 6,714.95 2,917.75 2,594.85 — 3,110.25 3,386.65 3,406.05 1,368.00 — 3.649.65 3,100.30 2,529.75 4,533.30 6,858.50 2,936.55 — 3,645.45 3,417.05 2,957.00 3,498.05 1,637.00 3,597.52 — 2,517.75 500.00 3,904.45 2,906.85 5,076.60 2,207.00 2,032.20 1,372.00! 1,804.40 2,998.051 3,002.00 2,524.25 2,405.13 2,299.25 3,225.85 1,724.00 2.820.25 4,102 35 2,752.50 3,907.10 2,242.75—. 3.284.00 7,479.00 1,644.00 546.50 400.00 2,817.50 1,020.50 1 7935798 2,711.80 220.09 765.00 2,333.87 504.50 1,038.00 2,810.38 2,970.00 17787766 2,475.00 3,409.00 758.50 4,627.50 1,125.00 "~550"66 2,818.00 1,100.00 704.00 4,715.00 3,417.50 1,484.50 5,384.65 17613738 541.50 260.00 1,498.00 1,580.00 '17676750 1,479.50 5,102.00 3,053.00 2,381.25 112.50 1,985.00 3,193.00 4,600.00 435.00 158.75 2,485.50 3,167.33' 960.00 1,816.75 833.00 2,515.00 4,076.75 47446766 4,462.00 .a a 1,694.00 1,225.00 2,599.47 2,038.50 2,650.00 6,422.12 1,748.22 3,193.97 795.47 3,300.00 1,053.90 2,777.74 2,098.79 1,925.00! 2,310.00: 1,907.00! 17782 ~55 J 1,880.00 11,388.50 2,448.97' 3,854.74 3,107.50 1,629.50! 1,783.75! 2,428.41 1,825.00 1,734.90 2,150.00! 3,980.00 4,547.20 4,440.00 5,458.96 1,431.48 4,227.56 2,951.16 2,969.50 1,525.00 1,192.00 2,372.75 1,742.90 2,798.00 1,691.39 4,337.50 2,233.75 2,482.00 1,492.10 1,950.00 3,691.20 2,835.00 2,485.00 3,250.50 750.00 3,425.00 1,462.46 3,009.25 3,935.00 2,215.00 3,051.75 769.63 2,760.00 7,271.96 3,338.24 906.87 1,444.81 2,317.15 4,908.81 20,456.30 757.47 4,346.77 1,088.24 3,527.53 2,055.91 3,553.13 2,624.35 1,870.71 2,804.53 2,905.37 321.55 3,211.38 3,421.26 6,388.08 2,671.53 7,002.38 1,969.58 1,576.35 1,283.08! 4,822.19 825.00 1,404.10 1,266.02 4,334.46 3,910.26 4,298.27 9,525.67 2,445.86' 3,700.47) 2,637.611 2,272.07; 2,480.43! 2,433.43 2,091.31 2,689.12) 305.05 2,034.68 3,406.07 6,178.95 1,432.03 1,404.00 1,541.87 2,417.50 3,413.50 6,140.00 1,919.52 3,219.87 218.80 3,968.60 1,387.63 1,257.28 3,833.55 4,237.68 1,829.62 1.267.04 4,699.07 10,141.14 0 s a 3 P. © 8,406.60 2,404.35 + 21 22,199.57 9,154.02 + 22 9,119.83 445.16 + 23 5,800.70 909.25+ 24 6,727.08 184.61 + 25 13,455.25 90.70— 26 7,156.05 2,173.13+ 27 4,507.00 566.52+ 28 7,769.67 19.82— 29 16,129.76 5,562.80+ 30 14,404.71 2,065.32+ SI 14,756.07 3,783.91 + 32 27,227.78 2,605.34 + 33 6,813.89 1,668.71+ 34 13,186.86 6,568.83+ 35 9,005.82 1,635.23— 36 8,740.07 1,001.63+ 37 7,763.48 289.18— 3.S 6,760.43 1,343.17+ 39 8.061.58 26.45— 4') 8,529.77 921.44 + 41 805.05 91.95+ 42 10,407.63 802.43+ 43 9,483.81 1,370.19— 44 20,695.05 2,298.63 + 45 8,925.78 552.81 + 46 8,299.45 1,020.37+ 47 4,518.47 146.11 + 48 8,216.90 1,585.67+ 49 13,295.75 1,401.98+ 50 16,577.00 1,235.46 + 51 8,363.77 2,734.78+ 52 11,034.25 2,010.81 + i 53 5,753.55 74.40— 54 13,786.78 4,735.55+ 55 5,534.09 1,841.21 + 56 8,903.53 33.08— 57 12,703.90 560.69—! 58 11,720.18 1,820.11+ 5!) 12,865.22 725.42— 60 4,279.42 7.38+ 61 15,188.07 137.42-! 62 29,354.10] 6,688.54 + 63 84 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. TABLE NO. County, City or Town Receipts Ticket Sales e,2o Marion, Knoxville Marshall, Marshalltown (Fair). Marshall, Marshalltown (Cong.) Mills, Malvern Mitchell, Osage Monona, Onawa Monroe, Albia Muscatine, West Liberty O'Brien, Sheldon Page, Clarinda Page, Shenandoah Plymouth, Le Mars Pocahontas, Fonda Pottawattamie, Avoca Poweshiek, Brooklyn Poweshiek, Malcom Sac, Sac City Scott, Davenport Shelby, Harlan Sioux, Orange City Story r Ames Tama, Toledo .?-- Taylor, Bedford. Van Buren, Keosauqua Wapello, Eldon Warren, Indianola Wayne, Corydon Webster, Fort Dodge Winnebago, Forest City Winneshiek, Decorah Woodbury, Sioux City Worth, Northwood Totals 1922 (95 Fairs) Totals 1921 (92 Fairs) Totals 1920 (95 Fairs) Totals 1919 (93 Fairs)— Totals 1918 (89 Fairs)- Totals 1917 (93 Fairs) Totals 1916 (99 Fairs) Totals 1915 (93 Fairs) 6,735.38 12,791.00 2,292.34 3,581.00 1,169.00 1,017.00. 7,000.00 5,058.00 1,860.60 6,359.15' 8,720.00! 7,074.25, 7,417.65 6.397.901 2,141.45 2,239.32 3,428.001 1,509.67 665.00 467.85 1,309.45 2,060.50 1,035.75 2,716.55 856.65 472.50! 370.00, 804.70 376.25 5,290.00 32,497.70 5,893.50 3,822.04 2,038.20 4,169.10 8,044.14 1,215.75 5,082.30 3,169.10 8,501.26 10,789.75 3,873.00 7,864.32 28,873.50 2,105.85 566,237.72 $ 555,322.18 $ 699,434.82 $ 567,273.53 10.25 1,905.00 23,294.75 1,517.55 330.40 53.50 829.70 1,473.50 616.00 3,371.11 2,352.78 9,177.00 1,350.45 852.30 15,521.50 144.70 14.00 840.50 525.00 1,335.89 2,853.45 35.00 1,271.90 843.96 328.63 1,139.00 1,848.00 1,736.50 1,455.15 1,700.77 178.85 1,231.90 853.89 320.00 808.001 534.64! 450.00: 490.00 727.44 550.00 1,570.00 113.90 1,023.00 8,469.55 1,553.53 1,029.89 409.67 ,082.92 ,405.82 201.00 ,146.86 ,367.38 ,645.75 ,195.09 ,010.50 76 13,426.31 231.00 861.90 "iiBToo 200.00 248.00 430.00 178.50 96.20 130.00 435.00 168.00 172.00 1,465.25 729.00 99.20 158.50 146.40 $ 188.361.39 $31,617.62 $ 187,215.42 $37,976.47 $ 235,512.76 $ 3S2.947.45 $ 435,182.48 $ 382,555.23 $ 308,720.82 $ 143,263.03 $ 74, $ 87,948.12 $38,610.63 $28,599.29 $42,755.30 ?45,17£ $ 77,470.19 $47,204.11 $ 138,316.45 $ 130,755.54 $ 157,483.50 $ 111,695.16 $ 64,419.02 $ 80,282.03 $ 71,984.26 $ 56,650.00 $37,242.95$ 58,592.11 520.00 75.00 968.70 1,586.00 $29,946.86 $30,290.63 $37,186.51 ?24,865.20 2,000.00 2,000.00 1,617.60 1,842.90 1,491.14 1,197.42 1,957.95 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 993.02 1,951.59 2,000.00 989.00 866.53 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 1,157.45 2,000.00 2,000.00 1,451.56 1,047.38 1,477.60 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 1,839.87 2,000.00 2,000.00 1,033.00 $ 168,062.33 $ 157,690.90 113,013.24 $ 90,508.50 $ 51,048.36 $ 54,817.24 $ 56.870.67 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION I — Continued. 85 Receipts Disbursements '3 l! 9" O 00 £S P. 1 M $ !l CO JV as 3 H s 0 1 ft m a •c.2 §1 si o o OQ P ft f 1 0J "2 ** _ 03 «5 g su at -4-> 0 S3 c a 21 S I H PH m 3 S Ei + 1 'A 3,289.86 17,684.37 4,200.80 4,018.60 2,907.00 5,545.74 16,672.14 1,012.23+ « 1,005.65 1 23,248.10 5,352.05 5,376.40 4,551.90 8,618.41 23,898.76 650.66— 65 819.00 2,916.60 2,196.00 792.25 2,988.25 71.65— 66 515.70 12,612.67 2,571.50 3,097.50 3,348.50 1,954.96 10,972.46 1,610.21+ 67 328.90 8,957.00 1,987.35 1,891.00 1,993.00 2,304.50 8,175.85 781.15+ 68 243.CH: 4,345.50 1,567.75 745.00 924.05 1,046.04 4,282.84 62.66+ m 1,387.70 12,597.25 2,763.25 2,284.00 2,411.25 2,031.29 9,489.79 3,107.46+ 70 1,5(59.07 17,216.57 6,419.25 4,375.55 3,091.46 2,238.82 16,125.08 1,091.49+ 71 456.10 12,923.80 2,986.50 3,522.75 2,830.00 3,626.93 12,966.18 42.38— :-i 3,338.72 17,058.07 3,685.45 1,510.00 6,140.00 4,239.46 15,574.91 1,483.16+ 73 1,443.47 12,398.79 5,005.10 1.035.00 4,412.50 3,498.85 13,951.45 1,552.66— 74 1,793.41 5,541.73 1,320.00 2,945.98 1,836.25 5,541.73 7,341.90 75 60.00 5,847.81 2,752.65 985.00 1,768.00 1,494.09— 76 980.02 8,446.61 3,161.85 2,152.50 1,775.00 1,910.26 8,999.171 553.00— 77 730.95 1,719.95 1,270.00 200.00 186 97 1 656 97 62.98+ 184.78+ 1,669.32+ 78 846.02 2,380.95 13,836.90 1,095.10 459 00 642 07 2,196.17 12,167.58 79 2,867.40 3,224.05 2,759.28 2,923.00 3,261.25 80 10,981.58 81,467.83 12,922.80 13,813.91 15,833.53 40,415.29 82,985.53 1,517.70— 81 2,891.91 13,856.49 2,872.40 2,930.00 2,800.00 2,285.34 10,887.74 2,968.75+ 82 184.85 7,573.63 l,510.65i 2,300.00 1,770.00 2,244.72 7,825.37 251.74— 83 1,564.50 6,065.87 2,866.80 100.00 1,996.10 1,150.73 6,113.63 47.76— 84 959.79 9,849.51 3,174.50 3,570.75 1,274.00 3,9S8.90 12,008.15 2,158.64— So 75.00 13,083.86 1,930.80 3,284.66 3,449.16 3,285.29 11,949.91 1,133.95+ S6 326.95 2,949.58 1,353.40 393.00 836.44 2,582.84 366.74+ 87 230.94 9,200.10 1,968.001 2,591.41 1.806.46 1,861.47 8,227.34 972.76+ 88 224.25 10,131.84 2,929.75 1,188.00 2,594.24 1,305.61 8,017.60 2,114.24 + 89 664.77 16,174.56 3,790.95 4,086.28 2,722.97 3,162.83 13,763.03 2,411.53+ 90 1,646.00 27,610.28 5,571.50 4,127.91 10,235.07 13,141.73 33,076.21 5,465.93— 91 585.80 9,628.32 2,566.45 1,047.00 2,146.00 1,507.13 7,266.58 2,361.74+ 92 582.50 14,785.88 3,207.00 2,050.00 2,985.00 3,198.60 11,440.60 3,345.28+ 93 10,065.69 73,043.00 13,355.85 8,124.49 14,945.00 32,307.11 68,732.45 4,310.55+ 94 484.00 3,998.55 1,332.90 1,087.59 666.87 3,087.36 911.19+ 95 150,211.49 $ 1,272,753.86$ 323,217.69 $ 197,465.47 $ 276,580.78 $ 362,182.19 $ 1,159,446.13 $ 136,144.30+ $ 22,836.57— 176,550.90 $ 1,275,802.04 $ 299,380.79 $ 216,742.83 $ 317,923.38 $ 389,025.66 $ 1,223,072.66 $ 108,234.87+ 55,505.49— $ 219,922.31 + 143,224.76 $ 1,417,604.46 $ 243,702.97 $ 218,592.11 $ 328,703.97 $ 424,032.41 $ 1,215,161.47 17,479.32— 88,885.40 $ 1,055,089.14 $ 174,633.07 $ 176,905.35 $ 252,546.57 $ 269,183.01 $ 873,268.00 $ 199,680.55+ 17,859.41— $ 65,493.09+ 73,532.88 $ 689,469.02 $ 129,306.75$ 146,034.34 $ 161,763.18 $ 214,838.45 $ 651,942.72 27,966.79— $ 122,791.34+ 59,797.89 $ 763,207.69 $ 137,226.48$ 148,359.47 $ 159,441.51 $ 206,611.35 $ 651,638.81 11,222.46— $ 93,132.24+ 67,259.95 $ 703,344.41 $ 144,703.25 % 149,285.42 $ 151,242.79 $ 181.638.68 $ 626,870.14 16,657.97— ' $ 62,230.80+ 55,643.78 $ 564,935.64 $ 117,439.10 $ 127,951.22 $ 115,227.34 $ 160,982.24 ? 521,599.90 18,895.06— 86 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. TABLE NO. 2.— FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF COUNTY County, City or Town Receipts "3(3 g oa M Adair, Greenfield Adams, Corning- Allamakee, Waukon Audubon, Audubon Benton, Vinton Black Hawk, Waterloo— Boone, Ogden Bremer, Waverly Buchanan, Aurora Buchanan, Independence- Buchanan, Jesup Buena Vista, Alta Butler, Allison Calhoun, Manson Calhoun, Rockwell City— Carroll, Carroll Carroll, Coon Rapids Cass, Atlantic Cedar, Tipton Cerro Gordo, Mason City. Chickasaw, Nashua Clay, Spencer— Clayton, Elkader Clayton, National Clayton, Strawberry Pt... Clinton, De Witt Crawford, Arion Crawford, Schleswig Dallas, Perry Davis, Bloomfield Decatur, Leon Delaware, Manchester Des Moines, Burlington- Dubuque, Dyersville Payette, West Union Premont, Hamburg Greene, Jefferson — Grundy, Grundy Center. _. Guthrie, Guthrie Center... Hamilton, Webster City- Hancock, Britt Hardin, Ackley Hardin, Eldora Harrison, Missouri Valley Henry, Mt. Pleasant Henry, Winfield Humboldt, Humboldt. Ida, Ida Grove Jackson, Maquoketa Jasper, Newton Jefferson, Pairfield Jones, Anamosa — Jones, Monticello Keokuk, What Cheer Kossuth, Algona Lee, Donnellson Lee, West Point. Linn, Central City Linn, Marion Louisa, Columbus Jet Lucas, Derby Lyon, Rock Rapids Mahaska, Oskaloosa 386.27 1,392.61 2,601.67 16,114.15 163.30 870.23 2,606.35 81.35 306.09 444.78 13.56 2,326.99 1,204.20 59.50 61.81 300.26 1,879.46 410.67 1,515.86 484.32 "_92?32 1,022.72 1,821.74 449.34 522.35 1,917.67 1,819.12 1,170.67 2,222.29 8,871.36 6,150.72 8,221.25 10,367.79 12,547.14 61,495.42; 6,176.16 16,625.18 4,127.88| 11,934.201 4,808.08; 12,394.85 8,272.50 8,668.77 9,278.25 10,209.86 1,095.78 16,167.61 12,436.90 31,149.07 10,810.95 31,353.59 9,564.99 6,709.95 6,911.69 13,364.5a 9,325.18 5,073.52 7,749.85 21,692.56 16,470.03 18,539.98 29,833.12 8,482.60 19,755.69 7,370.59 9,741.70 7,474.30 8,103.60 8,035.13 9,451.21 897.00 11,210.06 8,113.62 22,993.68) 9,478.59: 9,319.82 4,664 58 9,802.57, 14,697.73 17,812.46 11,098.55 13,045.06 5,679.15 18,522.33: 7,375.30 8,870.45 12,143.21 13,540.29 12,139.80 4,286.80 15,050.65 36,042.64 2,019.47 3,610.05 4,787.48 452.27 677.00 2,210.00 1,186.55] 7,610.00; 2,500.00 4,200.00 1,356.78 """566" 00 175.00 1,764.55 3,105.60 5,547.92 2,150.00 106.10 1,090.13 2,700.00 9,550.37 14,380.11 50.00 2,586.79 l,509.15i 2,000.00] 247.50 3,400.00 3,180.00 2,300.00 1,079.21 i'ioo.oo 4,107.01' 665.00 1,089.58, I 1,200.00 857~§i 525.00 5,527.65 1,100.00 T945T24' 9,257.63 6,150.72 10,329.41 11,760.40 18,758.86 82,397.05 6,628.43 17,465.48 7,208.11 14,540.55 6,075.98 20,310.94 11,217.28 8,682.33 15,805.24 12,770.84 1,155.28 16,729.42 12,912.16 34,793.08 11,221.62 35,975.05 15,112.91 9,344.27 7,017.79 14,547.00 12,029.18 5,073.52 9,343.48 22,715.28 26,020.401 34,741.83! 29,833.12! 8,981.94! 22,864.83 7,370.59! 11,659.37 10,802.57; 9,274.27' 12,257.42; 9,698.71 1,317.451 16,447.64 11,870.59 25,590.29 9,485.85 10,399.03 4,683.95 14,150.55 15,522.37 22,034.47 11,763.55 14,886.72 5,679.15 19,722.33 7,600.17 9,727.76 14,434.49 14.159.2S 17,667.45 5,776.91 17.813.2J 44,765.20 9,132.29 5,458.12 7,330.78 8,963.25 11,204.06 43,645.27 5,579.12 15,333.42 4,420.00 12,624.08 5,718.06 11,936.24 7,903.39 8,031.96 11,193.12 9,812.27 1,051.90 12,734.38 10,567.01 28,607.68 8,406.60 22,199.57 9,119-83 5,800.70 6,727.08 13,455.25 7,156.05 4, 507. CO 7,769.67 16,129.76 14,404.71 14,756.07 27,227.78 6,813.89 13,186.86 9,005.82 8,740.07 7.763.48 6,760.43 8,061.58 8,529.77 805.05 10,407.63 9,483.81 20,695.05 8,925.78 8,299.45 4,518.47 8,216.90 13,295.75 16,577.00 8,363.77 11,034.25 5,753.55 13,786.78 5,534.09 8,903.53 12,703.90 11,720.18 12,865.22 4,279.42 15,188.07 29,354.10 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION AND DISTRICT FAIRS RECEIVING STATE AID IN 1922. 87 Disbursements "2 ftp. O ea o> 2 2a J 3 & H Balance or Overdraft . iH IH > . > o O [Zi ^j t3 O Q (M ^8 .0 a O »s e P | 03 "S 3 =2 a> 03 0 § OB O EH Pi X Marion, Knoxville Marshall, Mar'llt'n (Fair).. Marshall, Mar'llt'n (Con.). Mills, Malvern Mitchell, Osage Monona, Onawa - Monroe, Albia Muscatine, West Liberty — O'Brien, Sheldon Page, Clarinda Page, Shenandoah Plymouth, LeMars Pocahontas, Fonda Pottawattamie, Avoca — Poweshiek, Brooklyn Poweshiek, Malcom Sac, Sac City Scott, Davenport Shelby, Harlan Sioux, Orange City Story. Ames Tama, Toledo Taylor, Bedford Van Buren, Keosauqua... Wapello, Eldon Warren, Indianola Wayne, Corydon Webster, Fort Dodge Winnebago, Forest City— Winneshiek, Decorah Woodbury, Sioux City— _ Worth, Northwood Totals 1922 (95 Fairs) Totals 1921 (92 Fairs)— Totals 1920 (95 Fairs) Totals 1919 (93 Fairs) Totals 1918 (89 Fairs) Totals 1917 (93 Fairs) Totals 1916 (99 Fairs) Totals 1915 (93 Fairs) 842.79 2,239.98 1,591.94 475.10 286.66 178.64 290.38 1,618.33 17,684.37 2,915.91 1,213.15 286.56 525.71 .15 290.94 2,130.10 1,279.04 2,329.51 834.69 2,733.52 588.14 767.93 6.52 1,276.18 23,248.10 2,916.601 12,612.67 8,957.00 4,345.50 12,597.25 17,216.57 12,923.80 17,058.07 12,398.79 5,541.73 5,847.81 8,446.61 1,719.95 2,380.95 13,836.90 81,467.83 13,856.49 7,573.63 6,065.87 9,849.51 13,083.86 2,949.58 9,200.10 10,131.84 16,174.56 27,610.28 9,628.32 14,785.88 73,043.00 3,998.55 500.00 4,229.00 1,875.00 1,301.50 200.00 266.74 1,770.00 4,253.51 81.75 3,143.83 18,746.75 9,875.45 34.11 200.00 23,711.43 422.45 2,761.52 4,700.00 608.61 1,950.00 11,475.00 1,274.44 2,571.75 15,407.02 985.36 947.50 32,592.35 19,027.16 29,717.08 6,383.54 14,389.27 9,443.66 4,790.88 14,657.63 23,088.41 13,005.55 23,117.81 32,358.69 5,541.73 6,134.37 18,847.77 1,754.21 2,671.89 16,167.00 106,458.30 16,186.00 7,996.08 8,827.39 15,384.20 16,425.99 4,899.58 20,675.10 11,994.42 18,746.31 43,017.30 11,381.61 15,739.90 105,563.35 5,274.73 16,672.14 23,898.76 2,988.25 10,972.46 8,175.85 4,282.84 9,489.79 16,125.08 12,966.18 15,574.91 13,951.45 5,541.73 7,341.90 8,999.61 1,65697 2,196.17 12.167.5S 82,985.53 10,887.74 7,825.37 6,113.63 12,008.15 11,949.91 2,582.84 8,227.34 8,017.60 13,763.03 33,076.21 7,266.58 11,440 60 68,732.45 3,087.36 $ 85,690.36 $1,272,753.86 $257,627.52 $1,616,071.74 $1,159,446.13 $130,191.35 $1,275,802.04 $247,559.48$!, 653,552. 87'$!, 223,072. 66 $148,868.66 $1,417,604.46 $662,613.45 $2,229,024.33 $1,215,161.47 $ 65,144.96 $1,055,089.14 $230,507.56 $1,350,741.66 $ 873,268.00 $73,010.80$ 689,469.02 $112,233.60$ 874,713.42$ 651,942.72 51,620.20$ 763,207.69 $182,706.77$ 942,717.42 $48,355.73$ 703,344.41 $194,738.86 $ 889,568.33 $ 36,480.71 $ 564,935.64 $188,684.12$ 742,014.00 $ 651,638.81 $ 626,870.14 $ 521, 599. J PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 89 2 — Continued. Disbursements Balance or Overdraft i CO > « a i-H O OQ »"3 a I-H. > g£ q£ CO > o o *>.2 £>2 8 -S £2 .2 -3 o ON 03 T3« §g« aftpl Jsi 03 O "SrH 0> OJ O Assets and Liabilities Q co P 60 tc'^ 03 « r> 1,855.02 500.00 4,129.49 50.00 1,835.63 840.02 298. 9 J 1,114.32 2,799.54 773.83 2,148.70 1,325.76 19,027.16 28,028.25 4,238.25 13,951.74 9,015.87 4,581.74 12,737.71 21,088.41 13,953.16 20,323.61 30,061.90 5,541.73 16,116.90 18,596.71 1,656.97 2,461.25 14, 133.4z 104,797.10 13,846.79 8,262.66 9,258.50 15,603.87 13,281.75 2,768.84 19,126.41 10,496.94 17,572.12 43,017.30 11,381.61 15,676.49 114,043.26 4,631.76 1,688.83 2,145.^9 437.53 427.79 209.14 1,919.92 2,000.00 2~794~20 2,296.73 55,000.00 66,000.00 32,454.03 5,000.00 6t 1,200. GO 1,143.65 m 35,000.00 21,000.00 18,000.00 5,500.00 24,000.00 50,000.00 11,000.00 18,000.00 9,500.00 2,100.00 5,000.00 3,200.00 4,217.67 11,592.78 3,143.83 9,536.75 07 (i,S 2,133.60 70 2,163.79 213.15 2,600.00 14,784.75 ""947761 71 72 73 74 75 8,775.00 1,547.10 9,982.53 25,000.00 20,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 25,000.00 515,118.64 20,000.00 15,000.00 5iOOO.Ou 25,000.00 13,000.00 180.00 15,000.01 25,000.00 40,000.00 300,000.00 16,000.00 25,000.00 250,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 7,050.00 4,000.00 5,500.00 10,900.00 305,230.63 76 8,050.00 251.06 97.24 210. 6 ± 2,03i.5S 1,661.20 2,339. zl 77 7rt 265.08 615.84 13,774.91 2,192.30 237.25 920. 21 3,595.72 1,334.84 186.00 10,899.07 1,491.20 510.40 9,941.09 2,643.19 3,088.39 16,489.78 1,544.40 79 1,350.00 R0 8,036.61 81 766.75 ffl 200.00 2,224.67 266.54 431.11 219.67 7,625.00 3,800.00 11,500.00 83 81 85 3,141.2. 2,130.74 1,548.69 1,497.48 1,174.19 Pfi 1,500.00 1,800.00 7,390.40 9,504.02 127,442.01 7,196.52 4,400.00 8,' 88 988.14 m 3,298.69 <;n 91 1,471.84 Bfl 1,147.50 63.41 98 28,821.03 8,407.91 Si 5"° T3 T3 n £3 0> O -Q ,Q «t-i •+-( +J +J P. o o«a BO ^23 ft a 3 fn fit XJS-g ■Q X) | |«p. 3 a a 3 fc « iZ5 Pn ft Cattle Swine Adair, Greenfield _. Adams, Corning Allamakee, Waukon Audubon, Audubon Benton, "Vinton Black Hawk, Waterloo Boone, Ogden Bremer, Waverly . Buchanan, Aurora Buchanan, Independence Buchanan, Oesup Buena Vista, Alta Butler, Allison Calhoun, Manson Calhoun, Rockwell City Carroll, Carroll Carroll, Coon Rapids Cass, Atlantic Cedar, Tipton Cerro Gordo, Mason City... Chickasaw, Nashua Clay, Spencer Clayton, Elkader Clayton, National Clayton, Strawberry Point.. Clinton, De Witt Crawford, Arion Crawford, Schleswig . Dallas, Perry Davis, Bloomfield Decatur, Leon Delaware, Manchester Des Moines, Burlington Dubuque, Dyersville Fayette, West Union. . Fremont, Hamburg G'reene, Jefferson Grundy, Grundy Center Guthrie, Guthrie Center Hamilton, Webster City... Hancock, Britt Hardin, Ackley Hardin, Eldora Harrison, Missouri Valley. Henry, Mt. Pleasant. _ Henry, Winfield Humboldt. Humboldt Ida, Ida Grove Jackson, Maquoketa Jasper, Newton Jefferson, Fairfield. _ Jones, Anamosa Jones. Monticello Keokuk, What Cheer Kossuth. Aleona Lee, Donnellson Lee. West Point Linn, Central City __. Linn, Marion Louisa, Columbus Junction Lucas, Derby Lvon. Rock'Raoids Mahaska, Oskaloosa 330 244 Too 275 841 125 674 421 32D 301 218 641 150 481 520 657 181 837 350 205 241 746 305 416 484 260 272 605 521 464 498 816 354 361 44 1^ 64 3<;r, 80 221 92 225 65 403 98 307 73 505 190 116 77 147 50 285 105 20V. 75 220 112 478 246 277 75 191 50 165 86 986 121 257 64 85 41 368 143 440 115 236 106 289 84 320 112 862 130 70$ 57 42 271 40 114 87 75 71 26 42 52 51 118 76 65 108 23:j 12 105 80 104 136 116 41 61 79 201 13 266 71 187 76 238 101 60 106 41 70 83 126 114 111 115 148 78 282 112 106 64 292.50 177.00 105.00 350.001 428.00 5,264.10 207.00 707.50 108.00! 402.00 227.00 75.50 186.50 247.50 347.00 43.00 419.20 617.00 322.00 396.50 509.00 214.00 201.00 239.00 232.00 121.00 122.50 320.00 737.00 800.50 285.00 500.00 328.50 612.50 115.00 352.00 263.25 192.50 255.00 4C 96 149 6S 115 607 46 246 106 138 103 151 166 73 298.00 310.00 896.00 344.00 500.00 156.50 217.00 135.00 298.00 325.00 341.50 413.00 446.00 288.00 425.00 201.50 272.00 299.50 463.25 ,073.00 LSI 78 300 138 224 126 125 125 59 100 136 96 112 51 426 174 104 310 98 54 133 24 110 96 14 186 128 240 62 40 48 17S 87 202 117 94 70 74 206 164 120 69 1«1 150 360.00 596.50 893.00 576.00 820.00 9,489.59 159.00 2,158.48 713.00 2,278.00 1,017.00 795.00 1,035.00 1,136.00 1,096.00 811.50 1,000.20 616.00 2,649.00 955.00 2,964.00 687.00 835.00 1,640.00 457.00' 660.00 497.00; 634.00 703.00 508.50 1,882.00 1,512.00 883.50 1,174.50 900.50 554.00 1,008.00 180.95 654.50 587.00 32.00 994.00 880.00 1,313.00 443.00 292.00| 253.00 724.00 336.00 1,189.00 705.00 1,482.63 897.50 586.00 457.00 919.50 2,393.00 1,291.00 1,440.00 274.50 1,256.00 1,824.00 67 281 248 615 281 fco'7 243 631 561 210 50 807 206 960 230 ,120 564 189 170 454 514 202 397 161 177 505 234 457 628 199 500 294 51 600 440 451 123 200 365 254 660 29S 216, 191 201 159 102 556.50 565.00 762.00 296.00 594.00 455.00 939.25 540.50 1,495.00 659.00 1,399.00 455.00 888.50 850.00 449.00 348.00 1,371.00 441.00 1,279.00 489.00 1,844.00 1,080.50 368.00 544.50 1,202.50 1,214.00 471.00 1,674.00 712.00 677.00 1,533.00 1,129.00 1,349.00 1,164.00 731.00 1,145.00 987.00 625.00 1,375.00 928.00 37.50 838.00 912.00 860.00 617.00 286.45 474.00 242.40 682.00 780.00 829.00 398.00 561.00 307.00 179.00 695.00 700.00 531.00 1,072.00 292.00 808.50 1,929.00 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 91 IN LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT, NUMBER OF HORSES, AMOUNT OF PREMIUMS PAID IN EACH DIVISION. CATTLE, SWINE, Sheep Poultry and Pet Stock Premiums Paid -d a 60 P< 77.00 172.00 243.00 71.00 38.00 268.00 53.00 99.00 39.00 118.00 91.00 141.90 194.00 468.00 32.50 69.00 84.00 135.50 42.00 131.00 8.00 266.00 247.50 10.00 104.50 503.00 234.00 58.50 370.00 336.00 49.40 160.00 77.00 120.00 62.00 334.00 293.50 35.00 78.00 53.25 173.00 82.50 68.00 224.00 46.00 489.00 60.00 126.50 106.00 357.00 64.00 147. 0C 539 791 260 174 220 1,178 15 447 799 941 399 251 733 463 255 348 312 1,007 280 175 385 420 90 45 400 147 1,100 165 321 302 467 604 737 263 587 770 402 652 172 474 178 300 500 287 582 248 256 150 124 590 446 360 103 274 448 132 33 412 406 660 248 287 1,000 192.75$ 557.50 272.00' 42.60 54.75 300.00 11.00 146.05 385.50 350. 00 | 174.50 128.50 311.75 117.70 105.25 164.00 139.45 190.50 133.75 100.25 93.55 217.75 47.75 40.25 150.00 94.00 38.10 67.50' 60.40 186.25 121.00 176.20 394.77 150.50 197.50 481.00 74.75 213.70 46.25 273.00 62.50 44.801 173.75 73.00 295.25 146.00 45.75 50.00 38.00 228.00 2?0.00 116.75 79.00 154.00 161.50 59.50 31.00 211.00 100.50 417.50 137.50 94.00 239.15 70.35$ 169.00 74.50 242.30 183.251 53.25 9.25 137.10 138.25 60.00 182.00 67.75 144.35 127.75 156.75 12.25 76.00 296.50 74.00 295.90 61.50 254.25 35.70 75.00 71.00 96.00 121.15 114.00; 97.25 60.50 79.25 79.50 1,103.75 238.50 99.50 98.50 228.00 77.75 231.491 180.50 150.25 253.00. 141.50 121.25 161.25 46.25 175.00 101.00 73.13 215.90 129.80 58. 50 117.50 37. 75 1 206.50 ?0.50 1.75 85.00 21.00 50.801 140.00 213.00 864.75 $ 40.65 $ 103.80$ 123. 5o $ 207.00 $ 432.00 41.50 72.75 76.50 160.00 192.00 74.50 137.00 133.75 125.25 66.50 62.60 89.50 86.10 45.00 32.00 50.75 38 75 352.25 684.23 44.15 975.68 9.25 67.10 137.70 111.80 153.05 263.75 * 85.90 110.00 118.25 31.50 87.75 127.45 13.00 14.20 94.55 126.05 112.75 24 00 173 00 71.75 41.00 37.25 67 50 115.25 585.75 46 40 115. 95 111.00 270 50 47.40 186.30 202.50 180.75 63.85 71.75 118.75 306.50 98.21 27.75 29 95 119.95 372.50 32.40 43.50 76.25 114.75 238.40 104.75 80.90 127.75 159.35 40.50 303.50 129.05 317.05 378.00 1,306.50 177.35 78 00 78 75 165.25 177.55 16.75 150 95 205.75 483.50 72.95 120 50 161.10 498.25 288.50 97.75 111.10 250.25 244.00 48.00 93.25 133.50 35.00 20.50 229.00 253.00 429.00 337.15 15.00 44.85 68.50 122.45 616.00 269.00 27.00 12.50 19.00 29.50 86.00 155.25 298.00 49.25 9.50 60.25 34.75 134.50 168.45 56.10 109.78 80.27 90.45 53.00 232.75 240.35 394 47 271.41 1,049.60 165.30 30.50 124.75 71.95 25.00 12.00J 74.75 258.25 50.25 98.25 331.50 55.05 — 178.25 202.00 90.00 107.50 120.00 178.50 117.60 30.11 106.62 89.95 12.26 1.72 163.25 144.90 123.85 259.00 71.02 74.25 160.25 132.70 91.45 133.00 30.50 60.00 101 25 273.00 873.50 90.25 91.75 91.75 263.60 11.25 132.50 153.30 422.55 204.75 304.00 53.75 88.25 156.50 18.75 50.00 197.00 149.50 114.50 187.00 11.50 87.50 32.75 205.75 37.73 186.89 236.72 30.53 46.50 146.00 365.75 670.65 119.00 50 00 45 ?0 117.00 63.00 97.75 55.25 191.50 14.50 92.75 73.no 147.75 70 50 1^7 75 01 . 25 143.50 253 On 396.50 401 . 60 133.25 56.50 156.75 142.00 140.75 8.75 57.00 322.25 8.00 53 50 63.70 104.00 111 15 20.75 132.00 224.25 101.00 1 62 75 276.05 7.oo 2.00 80.85 20970 93.40 350.30 8.00 50.25 132.00 70.25 109.50 15.25 136.75 209.75 530.25 525.35 J TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. TABLE NO. County, City or Town H ^ n s <& -Q X2T3 T3 w o s O Hi -Q ,o~£ ■Q a S«5 a 3 a !z; fe £ Horses Cattle Swine Marion, Knoxville Marshall, Marshalltown (Pair).. Marshall, Marshalltown (Cong.) Mills, Malvern Mitchell, Osage Monona, Onawa Monroe, Albia Muscatine, West Liberty O'Brien, Sheldon.*. Page, Clarinda Page, Shenandoah Plymouth, Le Mars Pocahontas, Fonda Pottawattamie, Avoca r_. - Poweshiek, Brooklyn Poweshiek, Malcom Sac, Sac City Scott, Davenport Shelby, Harlan Sioux, Orange C'ty Story, Ames Tama, Toledo Taylor, Bedford Van Buren, Keosauqua Wapello, Eldon Warren, Indianola Wayne. Corydon Webster, Fort Dodge Winnettago, Forest City Winneshiek, Decorah Woodbury, Sioux City W'orth, Northwood Totals 1922 (95 Fairs) Totals 1921 (92 Fairs) Totals 1920 (95 Fairs) Totals 1919 (93 Fairs) Totals 1918 (89 Fairs) Totals 1917 (93 Fairs) Totals 1916 (99 Fairs) Totals 1915 (93 Fairs) 335 1,950' 213 168 156 119 502 342 219 263 284 320 327 311 300 259 429 801 380 203 278 334 92 255 197 268 263 380 149 686 4' 300 35.351 20.232 23.751 21,10- 24,21« 23 055 154 37 45 77 54 396 127 55 67 134 43 45 95 123 28 74 202 ?80 15 162 91 47 61 51 55 76 104 65 53 101 .710 9.022 7.553 5,881 4.863 4,454 4,144 159.00 374.00 5,526 5,281 5,000 4,342 3,911 6,836 492.00 94.00 72.00 505.00 542.00 397.00 683.00 ,024.00 213.00 97.00 132.00 241.00 122.00 210.00 ,067.00 365.25 300.00 638.00 127.50 111.00 235.50 446.00 380.50 278.00 641.00 289. 0C 201.00 987.00 22.75 145 2()3 1,077.00 1,261.00 $37,470.80 $37,956.20 $33,492.39 $30,412.15 -•24,230.74 $28,948.43 $32,877.66 $26,913.53 73 90 240 105 162 567 50 563.00 963.00 133.00 622.00 1,958.00 1,170.00 862.00 1,446.10 369.00 1,256.00 821.00 197.50 294.00 1,158.00 3,885.00 645.00 180.50 353.00 1,291.75 322.50 140.00 393.00 344.00 691.00 2,398.00 308.00 1,386.00 5,336.00 241.00 255 225 191 138 121 597 263 210 367 286 279 486 300! 56! 459 1,438 277 410 110 100 236 390 3971 620 372 293 1,378 225 12,898$ 100,124.20 34,905 11,110$ 90,532.93 32, 1 9,822,$ 73,522.20 31,565 $58,216.24 1,293.00 1,205.00 1,342.00 428.00 388.00 634.00 408.00 1,943.00 787.00 1,062.00 1,652.10 392.00 1,007.50 1,174.00 286.50 163.00 591.00 3,507.00 1,281.00 589.50 549.00 451.75 489.00 165.00 429.00 783.00 914.00 1,174.00 668.50 772.00 3,391.00 306.50 $79,842.45 $75,957.91 7,049$ 49,285.67 19,815 $34,687.20 5,579,$ 31, 889.76,12, 111,$20, 580. 31 5,689$ 33,992.13 10,695 $17,213.64 $ 37,440.65 11, 151i$17,435. 45 5,270$ 27,628.92 9, 377; $14, 034. 45 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 93 3 — Continued. Sheep Poultry and Pet Stock Premiums Paid CO u w *03 a 2 o a >> il 03 B ■V " 4- ft u .2 C3 « M C3 2 >>» 2 o « .2 o tujft la a 1 S ft °g b:S < PR En 0Q «j 140 333.00 576 211.80 142.50 108.75 123 275.00 1,150 365.00 275.00 668.00 58.00 228.00 30 167.00 646 275.50 20.25 16 47.00 415 142.25 68.00 29.75 9 35.00 135 76.00 109.75 21.75 44 254.75 52 52.00 51.50 43.25 130 260.00 385 169.00 191.00 100.25 14 27.00 331 120.75 304.50 94.75 83 352.00 344 155.00 101.10 72.75 44 100. 50 302 76.25 102.00 70.75 9 16.00 201 51.50 26.75 51.00 271 250 59.25 199.00 80.00 286.00 42.15 24 72.00 101.25 46 96.75 525 127.75 72.75 107.50 24 70.00 150 28.75 67.00 51.25 16 41.00 389 143.00 62.35 28.65 265 957.80 345 146.50 670.00 528.50 50 83.00 210 77.00 29.75 54.45 8 17.00 295 41.25 49.50 6.50 216 444.00 318 100.00 139.20 93 277.00 210 202.25 153.65 62.30 32 113.00 200 547.50 29.75 37.00 36 80.00 344 101.50 90.75 41.00 29 91.00 228 103.00 59.00 104.00 65 177.00 410 247.50 341.75 41.75 98 406.00 548 151.50 289.70 140.50 35 317.00 275 127.25 91.75 80.50 17 43.00 279 137.50 109.50 38.25 38 172.00 316 125.25 77.75 91.75 100 829.00 420 317.00 715.25 143.50 50 84.50 284 117.00 101.50 62.50 4,637 $14,147.85 36,918 $14,975.27 114,993.97 $ 6,393.82 4,282 $13,308.65 29,703 $12,488.59 $14,983.36 $ 4,811.88 3,681 $11,516.00 19,739 $ 8,435.50 $13,879.52 $ 5,043.20 3,217 $ 8,535.70 17,351 $ 7,143.30 $ 9,958.92 $ 4,213.64 2,895 $ 7.059.30 15,767 $ 6.566.67 $12,088.55 3,007 $ 7,120.03 16,184 $ 6,822.27 $11,685.07 2,897 $ 7,291.30 15,762 $ 6,678.76 $11,993.45 2,783 $ 6,140.77 14,317 $ 5,397.08 $ 9,934.51 117.00, 289. 00 1 126.00 163.751 41.55 154.00 62.75 154.75 31.00 101.00 78., 50' 6.25 86.50 145.50 140.25 42.75 189.65 86.50 40.00 21.50 97.50 197.15 77.80 35.15 113.00 116.50 255.25 92.00 102.15 109.00 446.75 377.00 170.90 106.80 23S.25 76.25 2S8.25 54.50 191.10 369.00 56.25 93.75 150.15 300.00 678.05 60.00 233.10 42.00 92.00 687.00 813.00 90.50 77 70.00 30.50 74.95 76.40 $10,858.00 .!).-> $ 8.125.92 $ 6,168.88 6,680.73 $ 6.927.21 $ 6.611.62 $ 6,307.6" 64.00 291.90 250.00 120.20 103.65 74.00' 333.60 88.50 62.25 211.50 262.25 214.50 163. 00 99.25 110.25 319.85 97.50 $16,253.53 $16,650.11 $12,295.95 10.10 508.50 642.00 49.00 197.00 472.10 77.55 114.75 372.25 18.50 235.00 441.00 447.00 391.30 162.00 ,317.25 223.25 $23,055.33 $18,691.44 $12,994.07 $14,171.76 $ 8.639.97 $11, 176. ( $ 8,710.29 $ 9,462.68 $ 4,679.30 $ 2.536.27 $ 11.570.72 $ 13.266.56 $ 12.122.53 $ 12,711.43 94 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. TABLE NO. 4— TOTAL PAID ADMISSIONS AND ADMISSION FEES CHARGED AT COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS IN IOWA FOR 1922. at Outside a Gate Grandstand ■g Admissions o V a V) a ■a County, City or Town T3 a S3 in a "S.2 3 fit 03 a P. 08 a OJ 2 Admission Fee o3 xn 31 "5 X fc O o 'C !U .c o « C 03 H EH <: K» u ^ CH 1 Adair, Greenfield 8,836 10,000 9,800 13,795 16,916 89,420 5,437 23,000 5,000 12,000 5,112 19,647 9,550 8,018 8,500 13,000 8,236 8,700 9,250 10,283 16,632 71,6-46 5,087 21,401 4,317 10,175 3,834 16,047 9,247 7,957 7,711 8,600 $.50 .35 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 $.25 .25 .25 .50 .25 .50 .50 $.25 .20 .25 .15 .25 .25 .25 .25 .20 "25 .25 .25 .25 "25 '$.25 j .25 95 I 2,439 2,120 1,916 2, 104 32,561 1,475 5,061 218 ?! Adams, Corning Allamakee, Waukon 34 3 $ 10 598 4 .15 .25 .35 .25 .25 .25 $.30 $.15 461 5 Benton, Vinton 1,995 6 Black Hawk, Waterloo Boone, Ogden Bremer, Waverly Buchanan, Aurora Buchanan, Independence Buchanan, Jesup Buena Vista, Alta Butler, Allison Calhoun, Manson Calhoun, Rockwell City Carroll, CarroD Carroll, Coon Rapids 7 8 1,911 9 .35 .25 10 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 1,941 894 11 13 .25 .25 .25 .25 .15 4,248 1,710 3,615 1,200 3,424 18 915 14 15 1,012 16 .25 1,319 17 18 Cass, Atlantic 29,268 17,250 42,000 14,000 56,000 10,653 6,755 10.650 15,000 12,000 23.000 9,009 45,000 14.748 22,000 33,753 7,884 36.500 6,100 10,543 6,250 10,000 10.000 10,000 3.500 10,000 7,301 31,000 10.084 13.643 4,500 9,000 18,000 20*000 12.289 18.000 6.000 25.64? 9.865 6.600 6.000 10.376 8.431 4.465 16,000 40,000 18,176 13,320 29,516 10,570 44,978 7,830 5,690 10,124 13,500 9,022 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .50 .25 "25 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .2.5 .25 .35 .25 .50 .15 .25 .25 .25 .15 .25 .25 — - — - — - 5,272 4,314 10,524 2,550 9,400 2,28« 1,250 2,138 5,315 3,133 3,562 2,150 19 Cedar, Tipton Cerro G'ordo, Mason City___ Chickasaw, Nashua Clay, Spencer Clayton, Elkader Clayton, National 20 21 22 553 "735 .35 loo 11,733 2,820 5,700 1,341 M 25 26 27 Clayton, Straweberry Point. Clinton, De Witt Crawford, Arion Crawford, Schleswig Dallas, Perry Davis, Bloomfield Decatur, Leon Delaware, Manchester Des Moines. Burlington Duhuoue, Dyersville .25 .50 — .... 1,417 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 8,559 28,000 14.166 15,312 30,681 7,884 35.000 5.642 10,513 5,850 9.803 9,000 9,800 964 9,296 6,976 15.866 8.973 10,643 4,200 7,304 15,000 16.000 10.523 11,200 4,591 20.874 5,786 3.930 5.780 9,876 8.931 3,840 15,355 34,700 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .35 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 "50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 .25 .25 .3V .50 .25 .25 .50 .50 .50 .05 .25 ""50 .25 .50 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 **, .25 .95 .25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 .15 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .35 .50 "56 ""50 :::: 2,234 10,520 6.206 4,232 7,831 636 6,650 1.619 2,987 6,750 35 36 37 38 39 Payette, West Union Fremont, Hamburg Greene. Jefferson Grnndv, Grundy Center Guthrie, Guthrie Center Hamilton, Webster City Hancock, Britt "25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .20 "25 ~T§5 :::: 4,120 , 1,594 3,383 970 2,930 218 3,278 1,083 40 41 .15 .25 .35 1,785 635 42 Hardin. Acklev Hardin, Eldora 43 .25 "25 .25 .25 25 !25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .10 .25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .35 .25 .25 .35 .25 "25 .50 "35 ~50 ""60 — - 1,95= 3.5«9 8.331 3.60* 5,292 """3T268 4.760 6.200 5.286 3,332 1.971 3,422 2,443 44 45 Harrison. Missouri Vallev... Henrv, Mt. Pleasant Henrv, Winfield Humboldt. Humboldt Ida. Tda Grove Jackson, Maouoketa ~"i~72§ 46 47 49 :::: 2.599 2,398 50 51 52 Jasnor, Newton Jefferson. Fairfield " Jones, Anamosa __ 2.487 4,800 53 54 55 56 Jones. Monticello Feokuk. What Cheer vo=suth. Aleona "Lee, DnnneU«on_-_ J>e. Wpst Point Linn, fenrral City Linn. Marion 2,350 ~~~M22 57 58 59 .10 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 95 .25 "25 .50 ~?50 .35 .50 :::: 801 2.315 4.358 3,985 ~~"9"50i 12.000 908 1.900 si Louisa. Columbus Junction Tineas, Derhv 2,781 r.o Lvon. Rock Ranids 63 Mahaska. Oskaloosa.., 8.200 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION TABLE NO. 4— Continued. 95 County, City or Town a 03 a _s I to a o "3 TO i 03 2 *3 p. OS o En Outside Gate Admissions Grandstand S3 ■a +_ P < 2 0 P CD 2 5 Admission Fee TO a 03 -3 -CS TO Si oca op .2 P TO c « 64 65 Marion, Knoxville ___ _ Marshall, Marshallt'n (Fair) Marshall, Marshallt'n (Con.) Mills, Malvern ___ Mitchell, Osage Monona, Onawa Monroe, Albia Muscatine, West Liberty O'Brien, Sheldon Page, Clarinda Page, Shenandoah Plymouth, Le Mars Pocahontas, Fonda Pottawattamie, Avoca Poweshiek, Brooklyn Poweshiek, Malcom Sac, Sac City Scott, Davenport Shelby, Harlnn Sioux, Orange City 25,000 46,921 6,000 18,000 12,266 3,533 13,452 23,817 17,254 13,500 11,350 6,287 7,387 10,OCO 7,000 1,615 20,352 80,899 20,000 9,443 6,000 8,002 13,000 6,500 9,479 14,000 16,491 38,757 10,000 20,859 61,186 6,500 21,100 .50 38,500! .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .35 .50 — - 3,850 7,845 3,770 6,479 67 15 000 so .25 "25 .50 .25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 .10 .25 .15 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 6,036 2,026 1,915 3,376 3,705 2,135 5,147 5,210 fifl 9,614 3,533 13,209 21,492 15,868 10,021 10,385 6,287 6.2U5 6,451 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .35 .50 .50 634 69 70 1,874 7T .50 .50 .50 2,434 72 73 842 3,801 71 7t 76 77 .25 3,253 78 79 80 1,109 16,968 73,437 13,471 .25 .50 .25 95 "95 .25 .25 .50 .25 .15 .15 .25 .15 -— — - 41 4,291 22,916 6,070 1,235 356 3,3T9 5,342 ~~~3"329 SI .50 .30 .30 .50 .35 .25 .75 -— .... 20,901 R3 8,843 .50 .50 .35 3,776 .50 -25: .25 .25 535 51 Story, Ames Tama, Toledo Taylor, Bedford Van Buren, Keosaunua Wapello, Eldon Warren, Indianola Wayne, Corvdon. . 85 8,002i .50 9,683 .50 3,880 .25 9,421 .50 11,000 .35 12,991; .50 30,691 .50 9,0021 .50 16,884, .50 61,186 .50 4,500 .50 .25 -25 86 F7 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 — - .... 1,496 8R 25 .25 .15 .25 .25 .25 .25 50 2,413 1,900 7,606 11,189 2,638 2,245 17,646 600 186 89 90 .25 .25 .25 .25 — 1 .25 .50 .25 - 1 .25 „_-| .25 .25-— .25 "50 .35 .50 6,000 3,933 91 Q9 Webster, Fort Dodge Winnebago, Forest City Winneshiek, Decorah..*. Woodbury, Sioux City Worth, Northwood .751.00 ______ 13,072 2,764 01 12,520 m .25 Totals 1922 (95 Fairs) Totals 1921 (92 Fairs) Totals 1920 (95 Fairs) Totals 1919 (93 Fairs) Totals 1918 (89 Fairs) Totals 1917 (93 Fairs) Totals 1916 (99 Fairs) Totals 1915 (93 Fairs) 1,571.940 1,273,406 374,055 191,042 1,476,042 1,209,283 331,200 156,067 1,806,033 1,456,755 443,147 209,745 1,580,643 1,506,079 362,587 160,135 1,150,461 910,349 266,661 75,795 1,345,259 1,094,968 270,991 91,766 1,272,479 991,057 279,714 66,600 1,115,605 838,047 Admission Fees Paid 8 TO P -> US TO a s s TO p TO a Is p V TO i 9 TO P s in CM TO O LA<*HAWK. SBLaWaHC! »»-vT D*';SAC ': 121 V«sT«rHAMiLTo; '383 W»»i 375 H»H 58 'T'tN 12* • 58; 122 ^ho5»! ^ :4^ ;K'RilM| 1?A-:--r-J-^-----r--L"3rJvciJ^ ;CABROLL' 397 'BOOHS' 'MARSHALL' ' RENTON ' *" ' " '. 7? L— ~?3 . -ioa . ^.4 232^. *::::;] 966j™_ \ * . i i9? . ;i . «? j^H^% t ° " f«».u*Mjua ' ^J 459 Li6^5.,: 20«768; , asPCR: *?8 ;, „w /:-«^^:C78 "": ,Vo77l > n, •SM.EL6Ti ^j8 .CVJTHRIli .POLK, _ , '.uun "1 •. S >( — ' ■ - ■ IO* j j r, „: 2^6 ! 288 ; ft,B ! 1506 ' '782 '• *°9 'kbokv*: 195 ,'n.75< ttamib, 23b Jabaib' 828 ,w/Crrbn: ' ' UAHASKA. WAJHU«'W, »U, iMADIiOM. .MARION' | 344 ; , LOUISA dams! 316 Clarke] 33O ;moi«roe; 319 'jeffersok! ; 191 ;UN,0M; 320 :l^CAS| 96 .w MOfTOOKfiW 36 ■ 102 ! 1 2 210.00 220.00 185.00 225.00 195.00 225.00 175.00 150.00 $ 200.00 175.00 150.00 125.00 200.00 150.00 175.00 150.00 200.00 150.00 175.00 150.00 125.00 4 6 furlong run 6 5 furlong run 7 4*4 furlong run 5 1 mile run . 6 furlong run 12 6 furlong run 41/4 furlong run 9 7 1 mile run 5 5 furlong run 9 6 furlong run 5 furlong run __ . 10 5 4V2 furlong run 5 Total running races Total harness races „ $ 2,125.00 9,400.00 $ 450.00 5, 544. no $ 2,575.00 15,196.40 $ 2.125.00 9,652.40 90 91 Grand total all races $11,525.00 $ 5,994.00 $17,771.40 $11,777.40 181 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 151 The following is the attendance of the 1922 fair, by days, compared with 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 and 1921 fairs: 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 Wednesday Thursday 'Friday tSaturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 7,162 12,435 47,369 69,701 26,266 46,340 53,793 37,440 37,694 23,061 6,765 11,613 44,088 32,434 24,186 41,898 46,215 38,622 30,065 18,137 7,919 13,609 50,249 38,233 27,622 61,927 67,170 56,928 33,521 26,658 5,567 10,428 40,004 37,507 28,197 61,431 78,612 71 ,653 46,613 27,835 5,214 8,346 29,713 24,573 20,938 39,089 54,434 50,876 67,072 24,122 6,098 10,435 38,079 29,771 28,719 43,649 65,292 66,733 38,351 22,169 4,871 9,004 30,671 29,853 24,236 46,983 59,936 49,033 24,270 13,115 3,112 7,610 27,722 17,158 14,190 35,085 47,501 44,103 31,955 16,630 4,537 3.849 9,886! 8,608 27,613 33,020 27,999 26,861 22,200 25,211 41,229 58,045 39,612 66,465 46,496 40,972 31,523 17,431 21,978 ~~3~090 7,503 27,957 18,902 40,602 60,379 58,643 38,831 16,116 Total 361,261 291,023 383,836 408,147 324,377 349,298 291,972 245,0661273,073 280,462 272,023 ♦Children's day since 1913. tChildren's day, 1912. ADMISSIONS TO GRAND STAND, AFTERNOON AND EVENINGS, 1922, COMPARED WITH 1918, 1919, 1920 and 1921. 1922 Fair 1921 Fair 1920 Fair 1919 Fair 1918 Fair Day admis- sions Night admis- sions Day admis- sions Night admis- sions Day admis- sions Night admis- sions Day admis- sions Night admis- sions Day admis- sions Night admis- sions Friday . 14,039 24,020 9,424 9,744 4,993 9,190 10,722 9,334 11,840 11,675 9,604 7,161 7,355 14,238 9,394 6,441 7,430 9,474 12,266 9,785 9,485 7,019 9,413 6,121 5,525 7,098; 2,012 15,659 12.777 12.531 12.436 8.090 6,664 Saturday 7,361 8,575 6,773 12,431 7,265 14,333 19,119 15,398 24,719 11,107 14,191 17,110 15,871 24,395, 12,938 11,856 13,050 14,797 21,037 12,442 6,994 6,911 10,523 13,616 23,810 13,696, * 15,024 12,103 7,065 Monday 15,101 17,897 Wednesday _ 16,173 Thursday 17,212 Friday Total 82,132 56,969 60.176 55.525 84,090' 77,542 91,017108,634 87,775 80,089 '1 ' 1 ' *Show called off on account of rain. ADMISSIONS TO LIVE STOCK AND HORSE SHOW, IN STOCK PA- VILION, 1922, COMPARED WITH 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 and 1921. 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 Saturday 1,369 2,161 2,514 1,661 1,115 1,765 2,417 2,755 2,646 1,552 1,543 2,357 3,016 2,663 1,662 899 1,225 2,035 2,003 758 2,105 2,183 2,133 1,091 942 1,581 2,107 1,501 667 484 1,029 1,580 1,242 493 806 957 2,113 1,264 605 1,042 1,826 2,472 1,566 438 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday 2,473 2,743 2,224 1,379 1,233 2,265 2,070 1,262 Total 8,819 8,820 11,135 11,241 6,162 8,270 6,798 4,228 5,745 7,344 6,830 152 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. The Following Table Gives the Number of Exhibitors and the Number of Entries Made in Each Department of the 1921 and 1922 Fairs. Department Horses Cattle Boys and girls' calves Swine Boys and girls' pigs Sheep Boys snd girls' lambs Goats Poultry and pigeons Boys and girls' poultry Rabbits Agriculture Culinary Dairy Horticulture Floriculture Textile, china, etc Graphic and plastic arts Radio - Boys and girls' club Educational Implements and machinery. Totals. 1922 Fair Number Number Exhibitors Entries 120 152 328 270 264 37 8 3 156 101 6 245 272 106 78 8 228 39 13 405 66 271 3,176 1,316 2,299 433 3,933 590 1,419 62 43 2,826 564 64 1,977 2,292 116 1,422 140 1,985 149 13 988 881 23,512 1921 Fair Number Number Exhibitors Entries 105 118 167 279 204 33 22 159 203 12 332 338 124 104 43 237 SO 587 109 285 3,494 1,521 1,779 192 3,211 465 898 35 44 1,903 «?5 130 2,116 1,992 131 1,334 479 1,873 113 751 765 ,587 The Following Tabulations Give the Number of Exhibitors and the Number of Horses, Ponies and Mules Entered and the Actual Number Shown at the 1921 and 1922 Fairs: 1922 Fair 1921 Fair Breed Number Number Number Number Number Number Exhib- Horses Horses Exhib- Horses Horses itors Entered Shown itors Entered Shown Percheron 29 164 147 21 124 102 Belgian 16 117 76 12 91 86 Shire 11 83 65 8 87 85 Clydesdale __ 5 39 31 14 72 30 Draft 13 70 25 16 29 23 Saddle and show horses 33 105 80 40 173 133 Ponies 13 145 131 10 84 84 Mules and jacks Totals 9 98 33 7 64 34 129 621 588 105 724 577 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 153 The following tablulation gives the number of cattle exhibitors, the number of cattle entered and the actual number of cattle shown at the 1921 and 1922 fairs: 1922 Fair 1S21 Fair Breed Number Exhib- itors Number Cattle Entered Number Cattle Shown Number Exhib- itors Number Number Cattle Cattle Entered Shown Shorthorn.. Milking Shorthorn- 42 38 34 2 16 8 17 3 333 27 333 174 76 93 29 139 90 73 51 261 27 242 148 60 82 30 144 87 49 33 40 25 16 8 5 1 6 7 4 1 2 135 32 331 41 236 146 73 74 12 85 110 25 1 40 185 54 273 40 Hereford 216 115 Polled Shorthorn... 53 Red Polled 64 Galloway... Holstein _ Jersey 12 83 101 Guernsey Ayrshire Brown Swiss 22 1 38 Baby beeves 310 18 S82 2S 350 23 145 47 Totals. 505 1,823 1,536 285 1,413 1,210 The following tabulation gives the number of Swine exhibitors and the actual number of swine shown by breeds at the 1920, 1921 and 1922 fairs: 1922 Fair 1921 Fair 1920 J air Breed Number Exhib- itors Number Swine Shown Number Exhib- itors Number Swine Shown Number Exhib- itors Number Swine Shown Poland China 83 88 40 55 3S 9 25 14 264 454 510 279 725 317 13 292 60 487 103 89 53 55 20 9 6 4 204 570 553 509 510 107 48 62 28 460 99 121 768 1.150 Chester White 66 787 Hampshire Spotted Poland China Berkshire 45 16 4 6 3 167 642 172 90 Tamworth Yorkshire. ____ 70 47 Boys and girls' pig club 310 Totals 609 3,137 543 2,847 527 4,036 154 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. The following table sets forth the amount of cash premiums 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 Horses Cattle Swine Sheep Goats Poultry -- $ 19,265.00 30,005.00 7,194.00 3,912.00 245.00 1,238.50 65.25 8,695.00 1,325.00 722.00 2,621.50 235.00 1,336.50 589.00 60.00 741.50 625.00 17,771.40 $24,480.00 34,412.75 6,994.00 4,587.00 248.00 1,351.75 145.25 11,016.00 1,342.00 722.00 2,305.00 1,733.80 1,344.50 604.00 $ 24,653,00 $15,635.00 $13,555.00 29,891.50 21,399.20 16,172.55 8,697.00 8,316.00 6,881.50 4,084.00 4,121.00 3, 402.00 96.00 219.00 77.00 77O.0O 1,260.00 856.50 153.75 86.00 41.50 9,881.00 6,076.00 5,102.50 1,231.50 1,280.00 1,190.50 722.00 657.00 642.00 2,768.75 2,373.50 1,993.50 1,905.80 1,733.901 1,533 70 1,296.50 1,060.00 1^035.00 538.00 626.00 . 648.00 $13,385.00 15,618.25 6,433.00 4,039.00 $14,412.00 15,176.00 4,570.00 3,757.00 1,200.00 1,408.00 Agriculture Culinary Dairy Horticulture Floriculture Textile, etc Art Radio-- 6,360.50 1,149.51 657.00 2,086.25 1,533.8, 1,225.00 648.00 6,803.00 1,198.50 652.00 1,905.00 1,447-40 1,114.50 662.00 815.00 551.00 375.00 19,747.67 1,401.00 1,563.00 1,442.00 1,288.00 Scholarships Speed premiums 650.0 J 421.84 21,506.59 18,144.71 17,555.88 16,544.77 12,145.17 ::::: ::::::::: i~. Spelling contest Team judging Junior department— Horseshoe contest— 160.00 180.00 6,155.00 1,380.00 200.00 225.00 6,045.00 350.00 100.00 350.00 4,507.68 300.00 100.00 400.00 100.00, 100.00 100.00 Total premiums. $104,521.65 $120,427.60 $112,620.15 $85,538.31 $72,350.13 $72,442.07 $67,060.41 1 hCups and medals given in place of cash prizes since 1912. STATISTICAL STATEMENT COVERING RECEIPTS AND 1896 AND 1901 TO Showing Receipts and Disbursements of Iowa State Fair and Other Improvements, Maintenance Grounds and Buildings, Etc., Receipts Disbursements Cash From Total Balance From State From Receipts Grand Premiums Other Beginning State Appro- Other for Total Paid Fair of Year Fair priation Sources Year Expenses 1896.. $ 116.79 $ 36,622.10 $ 7,000.00 $ 6,710.22 $ 50,332.32 $ 50,449.11 $ 16,404.29 $ 15,351.06 1901— 28,616.55 50,712.91 1,000.00 2,753.82 54,466.73 83,083.28 19,203.83 13,925.87 1902 ._ 34,244.93 63,084.71 38,000.00 3,0'37.(ff 104,121.77 138,366.70 21,736.31 20,073.34 1903— 30,372.25 59,838.56 1,000- 00 3,140.79 63,979.35 94,351.60 23,813.13 21.9S9.56 1904— 28,963.11 66,100.36 48,000.00 2,622-03 116,722.39 145,685.50 24,691.68 28,485.42 1905— 29,657.23 84,786.25 1,000.00 2,840.i'2 88,627.17 118,284.49 28,730.89 34,408.62 1906— 39,976.34 110,929.85 1,000.00 3,717.16 115,647.01 155,623.35 31,703.94 40,315.60 1907— 50,294.87 104,356.75 76,000.00 5,452.34 185,908.09 236,103.96 35,504.79 43,647.20 1908— _ 35.227.90 l::8.764.66 1,000.00 3,262.95 143,027.61 178,355.51 38,744.56 55,848.65 1909— 25,328.73 137,307.40 101,000.00 5,257.42 243,564.82 268,893.55 42,262.76 66,963.12 191C— 4,985.25 157,250.77 1,000.00 14.658.30 171,918.07 176,903.32 49,717.50 80,513. 68 1911— 7,283.44 179,549.67 78,000.00 5,275.7:* 262,825.39 270,108.83 56,264.35 81,603.16 1912— _ 18,036.99 185,701.21 8,000.00 14.579.82 208,281.03 226,318.02 58,139.15 85,829.74 1913— 615.63 188.&32.10 30,786.81 17,211 86 236,830.77 237,446.40 61,069.90 85,670.12 1914— 18,505.82 188,644.66 51,268.19 32,793.93 272,712.78 291,218.60 66,024.85 104,411.33 1915— 968.73 165,604.40 36,666.73 51,949 80 264,220.93 265,189.66 69,598.75 101,561.38 1916 — 100.63 201,381.96 9,133.27 3.366.59 247,165.32 247,265.95 67,060.41 102,137.45 1917— 3.998.17 257,122.56 24,832.25 17,341.11 299,295.92 303,294.09 72,442.07 117,091.31 1918 34,822.20 251,196.62 10,900.00 10,313-91 272,410.53 i 307,232.73 72,350.13 129,739.63 1919— 50,486.38 321,574.55 58,741.18 14,075 95 394,391.68 ; 444,878.06 85,538.31 163,542.19 1920— 56,140.44 410,976.78 161,226.57 14,976.59 587,179.94 ! 643,320.38 112,620.15 186,667.14 1921 — 73,354.64 297,695.25 ; 32,192.94 16,475.83 346,374.02 419,728.66 120,427.64 173,696.43 1922... 24,060.02 313,259.49 3,400.00 8,515.82 325,175.31 349,235.33 10,454.65 141,753.46 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 155 paid in all departments of the fair for a period of twelve years: Horses Cattle Swine. Sheep. G-'oats_ Poultry Pet Stock Agriculture. Culinary Dairy Horticulture Floriculture Textile, etc Art Radio Educational Scholarships Speed premiums Dog show *Baby health Spelling contest Team judging Total premiums 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 $ 17,364.00$ 18,537.50$ 15,612.50$ 14, 14,120.00, 12,673.25 12,623.00 11. 4, 188.00J 4,499.00 4,404.00 4, 3,375.00) 2,779.00' 2,317.00 2, 1910 940.00$ 14,184.00: 738.00 12,061.001 041.00 3,640-00 306.00 2,388.00 49,717.50 DISBURSEMENTS OF THE IOWA STATE FAIR FOR YEARS' 1922 INCLUSIVE. Sources and Expenditures, Together With Amount Expended for and Net Profit of Fair for Each of the Years Enumerated. Disbursements Profits of Fair Mainte- Disburse- Improve- nance of ments Cash Total Total ments and Grounds Other Total on Receipts ; Expenses Net Perman't and Than for Year Hand of Pair of Pair Profits Repairs Buildings for Pair 1896 ... $ 7,471.95 $ 14,019.88 $ 58,247.28 $ ""52.84 i $ 36,622.10 $ 31.807.35 $ 4,814.75 1901_._ 13,378.73 2,313.44 48,821.87 34,244.93 50,712.91 38,129.70 17,583.21 21,275 06 1902™ 63,457.121.. 2,608.69 107. 875. 46 30,372.25 63,084.71 59,838.56 41,809.65 45.802 60 1903— 17,855.77 1,704.83 65,363.^9 28,963.11 14,035.87 1904... 59,641.11 3,195.4 116.013 6i 29 657.2;: 66,100.36 53,177.10 12,823.26 1905... 11,963.09 3,345.2 78,447.87 39,97f..34 84,786.25 63 139.51 21 64' i 74 1906... 30,035.33 3,385.87 105,44(1.74 50,394.87 110,929.85 72,459.39 38,470.40 1907™ 16,459.05 5,043.0 200,654.07 35, 327.9* 104,356.75 79,151.99 25,204.76 1908™ 53,663 69 4,975.5 153,231.98 25.328.73 138,764.66 94,593.21 44,171.45 1909 150,208.58 4.3,9.91 -63,814. 7 4,985.25 137,307.40 109,225.88 28,081.52 1910... 24,360.98 14,740.2 169,332.42 7,283.44 157,259.77 130,231.18 27,028. 59 19X1... 109,755.04 4,429.21 252,071.84 18,036.99 179,549.67 137,867.51 41, (-82.16 1912... 71,056.56$ 6,575.51 4,101.4^ 225,7 2 39 615.63 18."), 701.21 143,968.80 41,732.-2 1913... 51,110.851 7,31367 13,7.6.0 2l8,0tu. 5s 18.50q.82 188,832.10 146,740.02 42. 002. ( 8 1914... 100,649.13 7,564.86 11,599.70 290,2^9 89 968.73 188,644.66 172,113.92 16,530.74 1915™ 46,138.60) 6,770.91 41,019.39 205,089.03 100.63 165,604.40 171,160.13 •5,555.73 1916... 10,547.28! 3,432.77 60,089.8, 243,207.78 3,998 17 201,381.96 169,197.80 32,184.10 1917™ 38,773.77 8,284.47 31,880.27 268,471.89 34.822.20 257,122.56 189,533.38 67,589.18 1918... 30,771.08* 12,217.77 11,667.74 256.7 6.35 50,486.38 251,196.62 202,-089.76 49,106 86 1919™ 105,216.08 21,617.51 12,823.53 388,737.62 56,140.44 321,574.55 249,080.50 72,494.05 1920 229,415.93 21,470.40 19,792.12 569,965.74 73,354.64 410,976.78 299,287.29 111,689.49 1921... 54,909.74! 20,037.01 26,609.51 395,680 53 24,060.02 297,695.25 294,124.27 3,570.98 1922... 18,501.75 16,992.66 12,900.64 314,670.16 34,565.17 313,259.49 266,275.11 46,984.38 Loss. 156 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. STATEMENT OF INSURANCE IN FORCE ON FAIR GROUNDS, BUILDINGS AND DATE OF EXPIRATION. Fire Tornado Premiums Expira- tion General form on frame buildings Brick horse barn Brick horse barn Transformer station and contents--. Women and Children's Building Agricultural Building Administration Building Stock Pavilion Machinery Hall Swine Pavilion Grandstand Brick dining hall Street car station Sheep barn Cattle barn Superintendent's dwelling and barn-. Superintendent's dwelling Secretary's residence Secretary's residence $ 65,000.00 14,500.00 2,000.00 25,000.00 10,000.00 20,000.00 15,000.00 4,000.00 50,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 65,000.00 14,500.00 8,000.00 1,000.00 25,000.00 10,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 13,000.00 10,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 13,000.00 50,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 ,639.04 395.12 40.00 43.00 465.50 275.00 435.38 378.75 75.00 65.00 100. 00 100.00 10.00 65.00 ,612.00 11.60 7.00 60.00 31.00 1925 1924 1925 1925 1923 1923 1923 1923 1923 1925 1923 1924 1922 1925 1923 1923 1927 1923 1927 Total insurance $218,500.00 $261,500.00 $6,808. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 157 REPORT OF TREASURER, F. E. SHELDON. MOUNT AYR, IOWA. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention: In accordance with the wishes of the State Board of Agriculture, I herewith present a report of receipts and disbursements for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1922: Balance on deposit December 1, 1921 $ 25,279.00 206,556 general admissions at 50c $103,278.00 702 round up at 50c - 351.00 20,149 admissions after 6 p. m at 25c 5,037.25 29,486 half fare admissions at 25c 7,371.50 78 taxicab tickets at $5.00 390.00 1,917 exhibitors' tickets at $3.00 5,751.00 17 solicitors' tickets at $4.00 68.00 2,756 day grandstand (box) at $1.00 2,756.00 15,718 day grandstand (reserved lower half) at 75c 11,788.50 23,839 day grandstand (reserved upper half) at 50c 11,919.50 904 day grandstand (quarter stretch) at 50c. . 452.00 2,657 day grandstand (children, paddock) at 25c 664.25 30,288 day grandstand (paddock) at 50c 15,144.00 2,377 night grandstand (box) at $1.00 2,377.00 13,663 night grandstand (reserved lower half) at 75c 10,247.25 18,004 night grandstand (reserved upper half) at 50c 9,002.00 2,024 night grandstand (children, paddock) at 25c 506.00 18,712 night grandstand (paddock) at 50c 9,356.00 688 night horse show (box) at $1.00 688.00 5,924 night horse show (reserved) at 50c 2,962.00 1,727 night horse show (standing room) at 25c 431.75 Total ticket sales $200,541.00 Received from Secretary and Superintendents as follows: Fees Stallion Registration Division $ 3,877.00 State appropriations 3,400.00 Miscellaneous receipts other than fair 1,079.95 Interest on account 527.89 Superintendent of Grounds 3,030.98 Superintendent Horse Department 3,008.00 Superintendent Cattle Department 3,659.50 Superintendent Swine Department 4,064.00 Superintendent Sheep Department 493.00 Superintendent Poultry Department 999.75 Superintendent Machinery Department 12,743.95 Superintendent Agricultural Department 2,120.00 Superintendent Dairy Department 2,798.73 Superintendent Exposition Department 3,047.50 Superintendent Concession Department 45,649.59 Superintendent Light and Power 1,226.90 Superintendent Speed Department 6,128.00 Superintendent Forage Department 10,285.28 Association Special Premiums 13,622.01 Secretary, advertising in premium list 1,492.58 Secretary, miscellaneous receipts of fair 1,379.70 Total receipts other than ticket sales $124,634.31 Grand total receipts ' $350,454.31 DISBURSEMENTS. Expense warrants paid $210,325.06 Premium warrants paid 104,604.58 Total disbursements $314,929.64 Balance on hand November 30, 1922 35,524.67 To balance $350,454.31 December 1, 1922. To the Directors of the State Board of Agriculture: Gentlemen: This is to certify that there was on deposit at the Central State Bank November 30, 1922, a time deposit of $10,000, and a balance to the credit of P. E. Sheldon, Treasurer of the Iowa Department of Agriculture, the sum of $25,524.67, making a total credit of $35,524.67. Yours very truly, FRANK C. ASH, Assistant Cashier. 158 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. i INVENTORY OF REAL ESTATE AND FAIR GROUND BUILDINGS Value Nov. 30 1922 Real estate Real estate, carrying- account Carbon lamps Telephone exchange Light system Administration Building furnishings Amphitheatre chairs W. & C. Building furnishing Building fixtures, general Office furniture, general Tools and equipment Live stock (mule team) Supplies Agricultural Building fixture Wells and pump Scales Administration Building Administration cottage Agricultural, Horticultural and Dairy Buildings Ampitheatre Art Hall Auto garage Blacksmith shop, speed B Boys and Girls' Club Building Bleachers Band stand Barber shop (sold 1919) Boys' dormitory Cattle barn (new) CoDege Building Closet No. 1 Closet No Closet No Closet No. Closet No. 1 Closet No. 18. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Closet No. Chicken coop (secretary's) Dining hall (old P. O.) Dining hall (brick) Dining hall (Grand Ave.) Exposition Building Farm house Farm barn Floral Hall (B. & G. dining hall) Forage barn Fire station Flag poles Filing station Game farm cottage Grocery store Grand Avenue entrance Horse barn barn barn barn barn barn barn barn ,al .. , bi No. No. No. No. No. No. No. ick .. _. Horse 1 Horse 2 Horse 3 Horse 4 Horse 5 Horse 6 Horse 7 Hospil ::.::::: 169.84 291.32 64.88 28.17 63.69 562.63 236.22 684.48 8,456.53 5,346.63 21,389.92 3,848.67 1,152.05 1,549.84 1,670.22 604.79 433.05 108.04 599.80 381.55 4,321.85 270.75 48,137.64 1,821.98 1,649.65 1,548.53 1,393.81 1,394.24 1,396.55 1,176.27 697.27 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 159 Ice house (old) Ice house (new) Judges' stand Judges' stand (show ring; Lumber shed Lumber shed Lumber shed Machinery Hall Meat market Nurse cow barn No. 1 Nurse cow barn No. 2 Nurse cow barn No. 3 Nurse cow barn No. 4 Nurse cow barn No. 5 Nurse cow barn No. 6 Office building No Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Office building No. Poultry Building Power Hall Police headquarters ___ Paddock, cooling out. Postoffice (new) Rabbit Building Rock Island entrance.. Refreshment stand Speed barn A 2 (never speed barn)_. Speed Speed Speed Swine Stock Speed barn No. 1 Speed barn No. 2 Speed barn No. 3 Speed barn No. 4 Speed barn No. 5 Speed barn No. 6 Speed barn No. 7 Speed barn No. 8 Speed barn No. 9 barn No. 10 barn No. 11 barn No. 12 pavilion pavilion Street car station Sheep barn Shaver Building Secretary's residence Telephone station Ticket booth No. 1 Ticket booth No. 2 Ticket booth No. 4 and 5 Ticket booth No. 6 and 7 Ticket booth No. 8 and 9 Ticket booth (Grand Avenue) Ticket booth (quarter stretch) Ticket booth (amphitheatre) Ticket booth (amphitheatre) Ticket booth (amphitheatre) Ticket booth (amphitheatre) Ticket booth (reserved seats) Ticket booth (stock pavilion) Ticket booth (Rock Island) Ticket booth (Rock Island) Ticket booth (paddock) University Avenue entrance Vaudeville stages Women and Children's Building Walnut Street entrance W. C. T. U. Building Grand total __ $1,582,112.48 160 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. IOWA STATE FAIR BALANCE SHEET November 30, 1922 RESOURCES Real estate .$612,654.58 Buildings 893,972.70 Light and telephone plant 34,501.44 Personal property 42,451.71 ^^^ Accounts receivable „,'?fl'i? Cash balance in treasury November 30, 1922 34,565.71 Total resources $1,619,372.72 LIABILITIES Accounts payable __ $ 774.09 SURPLUS State appropriation for frame buildings, 1885 $ 50,000.00 State appropriation for real estate 89,124.47 State appropriation for permanent buildings since 1902 596,000.00 Increase in value of real estate and profits of fair invested in permanent improvements - 883,473.96 Total surplus $1,618,598.63 $1,619,372.72 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 161 President Cameron : You will find the treasurer's report, gentle- men, printed in this report, so it will not be necessary for the treasurer to make his report. President Cameron : We have with us this morning, Mr. Chas. D. Reed, Director of the Iowa Weather and Crops Service Bureau. I take pleasure in introducing Mr. Reed to the convention at this time who will give us a review of the work carried on by this Bureau. Mr. Reed: The winter preceding the crop season of 1922 was warmer and slightly more moist than normal with snowfall of only 9.5 -inches for the three winter months, which is the least of record and 2.5 inches less than the winter of 1906-1907, which has heretofore held the record. The storm of January 4th-5th left a coating of ice over the southern and part of the central counties that remained for several days. Another ice or "glaze" storm February 21st-23rd damaged fruit and shade trees. It was feared that these two storms would kill considerable winter wheat and tame grass but for some reason only two per cent of the winter wheat was killed, which is far less than the average. Considerable precipitation in February and toward the last of March made the soil too wet to work until well into April. Scarcely a begin- ning had been made in spring seeding during the first 10 days of April, but drying weather the rest of the month permitted rapid progress in seeding and toward the close of the month there was some complaint in the drier western counties that soil moisture was not sufficient to germi- nate oats. Not much spring wheat was sown. The rather unusual warmth and moisture advanced vegetation rapidly but did not swell the fruit buds to the danger point, and no frost dam- age to fruit occurred. Live stock in general wintered well. Sows bred for spring pigs in- creased 29 per cent over the preceding spring, but the superabundance of cheap corn and the scarcity of ready cash to buy supplemental feeds, caused the sows to be fed an unsuitable ration. Cholera, "flu" and other diseases weakened the sows so that the size, vitality and uniformity of litter were considerably reduced, and the unfavorable weather of April caused considerable loss of pigs. Though May did not warm up as rapidly as usual, it was dry and sunshiny and with the coming of tender shoots of grass, the condition of sows and pigs improved rapidly. Preparations for corn planting proceeded without interference, except in a few central and eastern counties where heavy local rains occurred May 23rd-26th. Sixty per cent of the acreage was planted by May 15th, and 96 per cent by June 1st. Drouth continued in June, the average rainfall for the month, 1.82 inches, being as little as June, 1911, when one of the more notable drouths of the state set in. Temperatures were very high, the warmest day of the year in the northwest portion of the state being June 23rd, when temperatures of 100° or higher occurred. Inwood reported 104°. Corn was not materially injured though the leaves curled some on hot afternoons. By the close of the month the earliest corn was more than waist high and about half of the crop was laid by. Oats headed very 11 162 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. short — too short to harvest in some localities in the west central and northwest counties, yet thrashing returns showed yields slightly above the 10-year average over most of the State and the quality was much better than last year. Winter wheat, spring wheat and barley were not injured as much as expected, the yield and quality being generally satis- factory. In contrast with June, July was cool and wet, which went far to repair the crop damage. In only a few northern counties did the temper- ature get as high as 90°. Beginning with a general rainstorm July 5th-7th, frequent copious rains broke the drouth. Much damaging hail attended the rain, yet the benefits of the storms far oueweighed the damage. Some of the storms had tornadic characteristics in small areas. Small grains, standing and in shock, were damaged by the wind and rain. Yet harvest progressed well. Much fruit was blown from the trees, but an abundance remained for full development. August was the warmest month of the year, the greatest temperature excess occurring about the 15th-24th, followed by an abrupt change to 50° colder at a number of stations. Excessive rainfall in some southwest counties was centered in Shelby county where 9.46 inches fell at Har- lan, but for the State as a whole precipitation was deficient. Shocked grain was damaged in the wet area, while corn, pastures and truck crops were injured by drouth in some eastern counties. Much of the State was visited by severe hailstorms and there was considerable damage from wind squalls. September was warm and considerably drier than the average, the warmest period being the first eight days, during which over much of the State the highest temperatures of the year occurred. Many northern and eastern stations had the highest September temperatures of record — at one station the highest in 50 years. Slight frosts occurred on the 10th, 11th, 16th, 25th, 26th and 27th, but no damage resulted. Silo filling and fodder cutting made good progress. The corn stood up much better than last year, and there was much less damage from corn ear worm. Commercial sweet corn and tomato canning proceeded under favorable conditions, the quality of the pack being very good and the quantity considerably larger than last year. Deficient rainfall impeded plowing and preparation for winter wheat seeding, and together with the heat wave, is thought to have shortened the corn yield slightly, but this was off-set by hastening the maturity of the corn. Winter wheat seeding was delayed to avoid the Hessian fly, which was unusually numerous till near the close of the month. The first six and last eight days of October were unusually warm. Killing frosts occurred on the 9th over a large area in the northwest portion, and on the 12th over most of the State, except a few Mississippi River counties which did not experience a killing frost till the 18th. About 97 per cent of the corn matured without frost damage. The crop dried rapidly and much was cribbed toward the close of the month. Win- ter wheat seeding progressed rapidly at the beginning of the month and 85 per cent was finished by October 10th. Moisture was generally suffi- cient for germination of the wheat which made good growth until near PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 163 the close of November. Considerable damage to early seeded wheat by Hessian fly was reported. An uuusual windstorm November 5th blew much- corn to the ground over the western two-thirds of the State. Current and subsequent rains damaged the down corn, which lay in the muddy fields at temperatures high enough to cause rotting and sprouting. Husking was considerably delayed by the wet fields through which full loads of corn could not be drawn. Another windstorm Thanksgiving Day, November 30th, the most severe in many years, caused further damage to the remnant of corn remaining in the fields. Iowa's 1922 corn crop is the second largest of record. The old corn on Iowa farms November 1st was estimated at 39,668,000 bushels; new corn, December 1st, 455.535,000 bushels; total corn 495,203,000 bushels; com- pared with a total of 502,344,000 bushels in 1921, and 506,943,000 bushels in 1920. New corn is 28 per cent above pre-war normal; old corn 159; and total corn .33 per cent above pre-war normal. Fortunately, Iowa farmers are much better provided with live stock to consume this corn than they were last year and the corn production of the country as a whole is less. It is unusual that both warm weather and cool weather crops produce well in the same season, but in 1922, practically all crops yielded above the 10-year average and fruit, particularly apples, made an unusually large crop. The total value of crops is 57 per cent greater than a year ago. FINAL ESTIMATES OF IOWA CROPS, 1922. An increase of 57 per cent in the total value of Iowa's 1922 crops over 1921 is shown by the final joint estimates of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service and the U. S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics read by Charles D. Reed, Director of the State service, at the State Agricultural Convention in the House Chamber of the Capitol Building Wednesday. Four bumper corn crops in succession is Iowa's unprecedented record; the 1922 crop of 455,535,000 bushels being raised on 10,123,000 acres with an average yield of 45 bushels to the acre, worth December 1, 54 cents per bushel or a total value of $245,989,000. The total corn crop of 1922 is exceeded only by that of 1920. The quality is good, the moisture content of that received at elevators during the last week in November being 16.8 per cent as compared with 16 per cent last year. Ninety- seven per cent matured without frost damage. On December 1, 86 per cent of the corn husking had been done, which is about the usual. About 8 per cent of the total crop was hogged and grazed down. Oats were a much better crop than last year, yielding a total of 222,- 851,000 bushels on 6,023,000 acres with average yield of 37 bushels per acre, worth 34 cents per bushel or a total value of $75,769,000. Spring wheat acreage dropped to 68,000 which is probably the least since Iowa became a State. The yield per acre was 15 bushels; the total crop, 1,020,000 bushels, worth at 95 cents per bushel, $969,000. Winter wheat is steadily gaining favor in Iowa. The acreage in 1922 increased to 689,000; the yield per acre was 23 bushels; the total yield, 164 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. 15,847,000 bushels;- the price 97 cents per bushel and the total value, $15,372,000. Winter killing was only 2 per cent in the winter of 1921-22. A further increase in acreage seeded is reported for the 1923 crop but there are indications that this will be somewhat reduced by the depreda- tions of the Hessian fly. Barley acreage is estimated at 150,000; yield per acre, 28.4 bushels; total, 4,260,000 bushels, worth, at 52 cents per bushel, $2,215,000. Rye acreage was 60,000; yield per acre, 19 bushels; total yield 1,140,000 bushels; price 71 cents per bushel; value, $809,000. Flaxseed: Area harvested 8,000 acres; average yield, 10 bushels; total yield, 80,000 bushels; price per bushel, $2.07; total value, $166,000. Timothy seed: Area harvested, 230,000 acres; average yield, 4.53 bushels; total yield, 1,042,000 bushels; average price, $2.49; total value, $2,595,000. Clover seed: Area harvested, 132,000 acres; yield per acre, 1.7 bushels; total yield, 224,000 bushels; price per bushel, $10.40; total value, $2,- 330,000. Tame Hay increased to 3,393,000 acres, including 200,000 acres of alfalfa. The average yield was 1.40 tons; total production, 4,750,000 tons; price $10.40 per ton; total value, $49,400,000. Alfalfa yielded 2.67 tons per acre or a total of 534,000 tons; price, $14.80 per ton; total value, $7,903,000. Wild Hay: Area, 432,000 acres; yield per acre, 1.14 tons; total pro- duction, 492,000 tons; price, $8.50 per ton; total value, $4,182,000. Minor miscellaneous crops such as garden truck, fruit, popcorn, sweet corn, buckwheat, sugar beets, pasturage, etc., are lumped off at a paltry $75,101,000 worth. Increased values due to feeding a considerable portion of these crops to live stock are not considered in this report. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 165 O 03 H > oo So CiCTi* OOO CVI oooooooooooooooooooi OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O O 0_0 O O O O O OO OO O O O o o o oswwcricDioo'iodwcoLooj'dcocdd'd'd1 oc^t— loooco^oooocvicncooooooo oco_ ojoo i— i iqco oa -^i— i 010 co ^o co 0010 iocs cqea idCTT-'^c^cdod' o'ion 1-H "* lO H 4- * CO ^ 03 f-t ft O 2.2 a> f-i t> ft 03 X? H >> §2 O Q «4 h! P pq «4 OOOOOONNOOOOO^WMNOH oo oo oo co^o iooo idesf XOCM OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOO^OOCT) o i>^ o*o~ o c4" ■<* o o'cvf tj? cMTfrico^oo-^csioiooco OOOCSrH O CM ^ !>• Tf iO CO a 3 3 O: oooo oooo o_oo o Nodd CO oo o. ^ H X oo 00 CO o CMOjOOOiOO cocooocoocooco i-ho^ oh cmi-h co-^cmt-ico OC CO o 03 03 tab* P a: .S -tf -h • ^H-M ^ a fH O o « ar CO CI CO OOIOO OCMCO OirJ^<0 cvfaso died oo o<^> "*f COXO +2 t-l O ^ c3 o3 s;« b o o est? OO^^pqW^EHOPHWW<1Pn c3 -*-> W03 ss-H CO ft? O a. CO ' So; WHO CM CM CM QQC5 C3 -M O -M ^ a 03 t-t cjo s o t-t «H 73 CO X5 CJ a M CO o ^H 83 O +J «M O CO tn CO tj^ a +-> 03 73 C3 03 2 3 n — O «H o ts a CO ,,— ' T3 T5 U CO 'O « » CO o o a Jh O cc =4H *'— ' 1) CO CO S Xi C3 -M P> ^"3 a a 53 03 C3 43 a o a> u P3 fl C2 o a ft -d a — 03 o s h CO 03 CO C3 bfl «*H 03 cn «H CO CI <1W 4-* 166 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. President Cameron : The next subject on the program is some- thing in which we are interested : Boys and Girls Club Work. We have with us the State Leader, Professor P. C. Taff of Ames, who is very much interested in Boys and Girls club work, and who has had a great deal to do in making it a success in the state of Iowa. I take pleasure ,in introducing Professor Taff at this time. Prof. P. C. Taff: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the convention: I am especially glad to have the opportunity to talk with you a few minutes this morning about this important question. I don't know where we could get a group of men together who would be more interested and more influential in developing this type of work than the people we have here this morning, so I am especially glad to meet you on that account. I believe this is the most important work we have to do in order to meet our agricultural problems of the future. I believe we have the greatest opportunity to really develop agriculture by working with the boys and girls. You people know this to be a fact and you are trying, through your fair work and other institute work, to introduce the best known agricultural practice. You know if you take an agricultural prac- tice and place it in the hands of a person forty or fifty years old that that practice is not going to be used by that person very long, probably ten or not to exceed fifteen years in the ordinary expectancy of life. But you can take that same practice and you can put it in the hands of a young person, a boy or girl fifteen to twenty years of age, just coming into the use of that information and that information will be used by that per- son anywhere from forty to fifty years. And so I say from the stand- point of economy, the expenditure of funds, you are going to do more with your money and with your efforts in working with the boys and the girls than you are with the older people. That is to say nothing of the well-known fact among educators that a boy or girl can be taught more than an older person. "We have our habits established. We think we know certain things from experience, and men who are on the farms do know a lot of things from experience, and they don't take so readily to new ideas as do the boys and the girls. And so I say from that stand- point, too, it is well worthwhile to expend your efforts as much as you can upon the boys and the girls. This boys' and girls' club work that you all assist in considerably, it seems to me, fits especially well into the plan of your fair work. In the first place, one of the principal things that we try to hold up to these boys and girls is that they ought to learn from it some better methods than anyone used before. That is the educational side of the work and one of the most important. I believe that is one thing that fairs are trying to do. They are trying to push along, in other words, to give the individ- ual something a little better than he had before. We try to do that in boys' and girls' club work. And we believe we accomplish a great deal along that line, because when a boy or girl goes into the work he or she receives some information and begins to use it in the home or on the farm. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 167 Then in the second place one of the big features of this work is the demonstration phase of it. We don't ask them simply to get that informa- tion for themselves and keep it, but we impress upon them the importance and the opportunity that they have for spreading that information to others. It may be that it is used only in the home work or on a particular farm, but more likely it will be outside of that, and in that community is ever teaching some of these better practices. I related this incident yesterday to show you what the effect of the boys' and girls' work has sometimes in a community in that regard: A boy up in a northwest Iowa county wrote in last summer and complained of the fact that he was being bothered by the people in the community — that is the way he put it — by the people in his community all coming and wanting to see his calf. He had an especially good type of calf he was feeding. The people began to hear about it in that community and they would come and ask him to lead it out of the barn, and he said it got to the point on Sundays so he would just simply lead the calf out under a tree and tie it there so he would not have to be leading it in and out of the barn all the time. That is a good demonstration of the fact that the people in that com- munity were looking to that boy and his calf for something better than probably they had upon their own farms. They believed that calf was an especially good type and they were coming there to see what that animal looked like and undoubtedly they carried away information that they are going to use later on. Further than that, I venture to say that hardly a person came there to look at that boy's calf but asked one further question, that is, they asked the boy "What are you feeding that calf?" And if that boy was following out, as he undoubtedly was, some of the best feeding instructions given anywhere, he would tell them of the ration, which was probably better than anything they had ever heard of or were using on their own farms. There again they were carrying away this idea. We use this illustration sometimes in connection with girls' work more particularly: You know a few years ago throughout the farming com- munities of the north and also of the south, what is known as cold-pack canning was almost an unknown thing. The canning factories used it very commonly, but the homes never used it, didn't know certain products could be canned by this process. Then in 1915 the girls' club began demonstrations all over the country, in this state and in other states, and they followed that up with public demonstrations at fairs and all kinds of meetings, until as you probably know today the cold-pack can- ning method is very commonly used; in fact, a survey recently made by the department of agriculture revealed this, that the cold-pack canning method is now used in more homes in the United States than do home bread baking. That may be a surprising statement, but we get the figures from all over the country and it shows the results of the work. It shows that through this work you can put into effect in any county, any com- munity any good agricultural practice in the way of live stock raising, corn raising, poultry raising, or something for the home. It is entirely possible to do that with the boys and girls, to teach them these things, and 168 TWEiNTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. in a few years it will be common practice in that community. Those are two things I had in mind that fit especially well into your work. Then there is another thing I am sure every one of you present here is interested in and that is the fact that by working with these boys and girls in work of this kind and bringing them out to work together and compete together, we are developing in these rural boys and girls leader- ship that is going to be important in the very near future. I was in a meeting last spring when these presidents of a certain kind of boys' club were called in, there happened to be thirty-one groups in that county, and the president of a small college got them together and gave them some instructions in regard to how to handle a meeting, how to preside, because that was what they were going to do when they went back and held their own club meetings. He gave them instructions on simple things about parliamentary law. I heard a father say after that meeting: "Well, it would have been just a whole lot better for us if we could have had that very same thing when we were younger." I- think that expressed very well the idea of a good many people in regard to this work. In connection with this work, some have asked, "Why can't the schools do this?" Well, the schools are doing a lot and we certainly want to assist and cooperate with the schools in every way we can, but I have to point out in that connection these figures, which may somewhat astound you. There is an old saying you know that figures don't lie, but liars do figure, so if you don't believe me figure it out yourself. It is a fact that a boy or girl in the average community, farm community in Iowa, from the time they are born until they are twenty-one years of age, if they are good boys and girls, spend about one per cent of their time in church and about 10 per cent of their time in school, which leaves about 90 per cent of their time under home direction. That is why I believe these clubs I am talking about, and which you can assist in, are important be- cause they teach the boy or girl so effectively, with so much of their time. I believe we have an opportunity to help the boys and girls on the farm in helping them develop themselves for agricultural leaders. You know it is a fact in the average county in Iowa about 160 new farmers start every year; about 160 boys start farming every year. That is to say nothing of the girls who go into the farm houses. If we just simply ex- pend our efforts to reach that 160 and see that they are equipped with the best possible information concerning all farm operations, I believe in a few years we will have a class of farmers upon our farms that would produce more efficiently than is the case* at the present time. I want to speak just briefly of the things that exhibitions and contests, and more particularly what the Iowa State Fair is doing for the boys' and girls' club work. We who are in state work use the Iowa State Fair particularly in our state work — and you can use it as sort of a goal, as a thing we urge the boys and girls to strive for. We have a wonderful help in that way. In all this work, the contest feature, the competition is always in the boy's or girl's mind. You know a football game would not be interesting at all if it were not for the contest. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 169 We find the contest feature especially helpful, and so we point a good deal of our state effort towards the state fair, which brings together practically everything in the work in which the boys and girls are com- peting. We are certainly very glad that we have a state fair board here which is backing the boys' and girls' work so strongly. We certainly ap- preciate the work they are doing and we only hope it will not develop so fast that they cannot keep up with it. Or to put it another way, we hope they will be able to keep up with the growth in it because we know there is a tremendous growth right now in this work. I say we point our efforts toward the state fair, and you have seen the results if you have been up here and observed the exhibits at the fair. We divide these things into about three classes: for exhibits, for demonstrations and for judging contests; and in addition to that, of course, we have the camp and dining hall. But exhibits are the feature, exhibits attract more attention than anything else because they have been growing and developing and are most evident, and in the last few years there has been a wonderful growth in that work. For instance, this past year we had enrolled in the state a few less than 700 boys in the calf club and baby beef feeding work. There were on exhibition at the Iowa State Fair last year 382 head, practically one-half of the total number fed. Just as warning to the state fair board I want to say that as near as we can figure at the present time — the figures are incomplete, because the enrollment for this coming year is not all finished — we know that there are 1,200 head on feed at the present time, and I would not be at all surprised with the rate they are coming in if, within the next month, there will be at least 1,400 or possibly 1,500. If the same percentage holds in regard to the number exhibited you can expect 750 or 800 calves at the Iowa State Fair next year. That is going to present a problem to our fair board. I believe it is something of importance for the reason that you men as fair people know it is not a good thing to try to discourage a part of those exhibits from coming. I think probably all of you have had experience in trying to throw out a little smoke screen saying: "We are going to have a tremendous exhibit, going to be crowded and prob- ably some ought to stay at home." The consequence of a recommendation of that kind is that entirely too large a percentage stay home. I don't believe in this case that you ought to try to limit the numbers, at least very much, because exhibiting at the state fair offers these boys that grow these calves an opportunity to market these animals to an ad- vantage they cannot get in their local communities very often, so urge them to come here if at all possible, and we hope there will be large num- bers come and we hope they won't overcrowd the accommodations of the fair. But I do believe you will have that problem to meet next year, even much greater than last year. That calf club class is one of the interesting and one of the important things. I think we are safe in saying that last year we had as many calves in the baby beef class at the Iowa State Fair as were on exhibit at any show in this country this year and possibly a few more. The pig club classes at the Iowa State Fair are very large also, this year something over 600 head. Most of these pigs are brought in and returned home. 170 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. The reason they come in large numbers is they are easy to convey to the fair and easy to take back. A great many of them are trucked in. I believe that class will continue to be large and probably grow. The membership in clubs is going to be much larger next year than it has ever been before. The pig club class is going to present another problem in accommodation at the state fair. We do hope this matter of the pig club classes will be looked into early this year and something worked out that will accommodate them in good shape. I think this applies to your own local accommodations as well as to the Iowa State Fair. Of all things we don't want to do is to give these boys and girls the wrong impression of exhibitions. If they have to come to make their ex- hibits and meet with poor accommodations it won't be very long until they become discouraged in the matter of exhibiting. I think it is very important that our boys and girls get the most satisfactory accommoda- tions possible to show their stuff, at least equal with the older people. In the matter of demonstrations we are meeting another problem. You are always interested at your fairs in having something that will attract and will impress people with its value, yet having these demonstrations put on by these boys and girls accomplished that purpose last year. In Chicago I was very much interested in the team from Iowa which demon- strated there. It was the baby beef club team from Muscatine county which won out here at the Iowa State Fair last year and we were able to get the two best in Chicago. They gave a demonstration there during the International on Monday last week, and a number of men of the stock yards were there, including Mr. Leonard, who commented very favorably on the effect of that demonstration upon the people who were attending. It is a fact shown by figures from army records that 75 per cent of the people cannot receive information by being told of it. Only about 25 per cent where you tell people about a certain thing will be able to use that information and put it into effect. That is the value of our demonstration work. These boys and girls get up and go through the process and it impresses people so much more and so many more people take home these ideas. We have carried out demonstrations at the Iowa State Fair the last two or three years to good advantage, excepting that we have had so many of these teams sent in from the counties we are almost swamped, can hardly work out a program to take care of them. We strive to make room for them in some way, encourage them to come, because there is no reason why in some work like poultry culling we can't have a team working all the time. These boys and girls will do that very effectively. You will be surprised if you never followed that work how effectively the boys and girls who have this information carry out their part before people. They will do just as good a job — I often say I would just as soon have some of the boys and girls I have seen here at this state demonstration in exten- sion work as some other demonstrators, because they are able to do as good a job. In the matter of the stock judging contest there were about 200 who took part in it and I don't think there was anything of more interest. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 171 We have good accommodations so far as they go for the boys and girls at the state fair, but they are crowded considerably. We haven't had sleeping quarters enough for our boys nor for the girls and are going to have to urge upon the fair board very soon that they expand as far as giving accommodations for sleeping. This last year through the courtesy of the fair board we put in a dining room where we feed the boys and girls at cost on the grounds, and we think we have thereby accomplished a good deal in establishing good feeling among the leaders over the state and among the boys and girls themselves. I have heard a good many favorable comments from leaders and fathers and mothers saying, "Now if the fair is going to run a dining hall where we are sure our boys and girls will receive proper food we will not hesitate to send them there for a week," whereas they have in the past hesitated on the grounds that it would not possibly be a very good thing for their boy or girl to go there and eat at any old place on the grounds. That I think is an important feature, one I certainly want to recommend to the management of the fair. Now I have spent considerable time in regard to these things and I have one or two suggestions or recommendations which I would want to leave before the board today. The first is in regard to the calf and pig club classes. I think there is a big problem that will have to be worked out and met before the next Iowa State Fair. We can expect almost double the number of calves and some increase in the pig club exhibits, and in these quarters something needs to be done there immediately. As I have emphasized several times in going through this matter I think what I have said about state fair work in general applies to our district and county fairs because I believe that, in a smaller way, you have just as big an opportunity in your local community to serve these boys and girls as has the Iowa State Fair. I believe you can do just as much for them locally, and what I would urge upon fair managers at this time is this one point, to get busy immediately and try to work out with the people in your county who are interested in this work what is going to be done next year. Boys' and girls' club work is not something that can be decided upon about a month in advance of the fair, but to be successful must be taken up early. In these clubs, if they are animal clubs, the animal must be secured and put on feed and carried through several months before it is ready to exhibit at your fair, so that means work immediately with your county agent and clubs. In fact, a baby beef club is on feed at the present time and the pig club will come on very soon, so that would have to be done if you were going to carry on one successfully. I am sure on these questions you will find these various people who represent club work, local leaders, home demonstrators and the county agent willing and anxious to help out. I was interested in some figures collected from published accounts which showed in Iowa the past year that the average county fair paid out about $120 for the boys' and girls' classes. Of course you realize some fairs did not put up any and some put up a considerably larger amount, but since it figured $12,000 offered it made the average about $120. We add that to about $9,000 which was paid through the Iowa State Fair and we have something like $21,000 as the amount offered in premiums to boys 172 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. and girls. That is not very much when we consider this fact, that there are enrolled in Iowa in this boys' and girls' club work now about 15,000 members, an average of 150 boys and girls to the county. In the fair work this last year, as near as I could say, something like 10 per cent or 1,500 of the boys' and girls' club members took part in the Iowa State Fair. I have not figured how many took part in the local fairs. The first thing of importance now is to decide what can be done for the boys and girls in the clubs which they are organizing this coming year. I think also some of you people who represent district fairs should think of the opportunity of putting on an interesting district contest. For instance, you know the Inter-State Fair at Sioux City is doing a large amount of work for the boys and girls not only of Iowa but of the central west. They are devoting a great deal of attention and money to that phase of the work and I am sure Mr. Eaton and Mr. Moore and others agree with me that it is putting a very interesting feature into their fair. They are also doing considerable up through the northwest Iowa counties. I believe the same thing holds true for any fairs which cover more than one county. I believe if you would go at it in time you would work up district contests there which would be very, interesting and also would be very helpful to this work in that district. I hope that will be carried out in all districts where they cover more than one particular county, because I believe it adds very much to have inter-county contests. There is nothing like the boys and girls competing with one another. The contest completed in Chicago last week was probably the greatest contest ever carried out; that was the national canning contest, and the prize was a trip to France to one of the teams. The Iowa team which won at the state fair canning contest last year was sent to the Inter- State Fair at Sioux City last fall and competed with twelve central west states, and as you might expect Iowa came out on top. So the winning team there was entitled to go to Chicago and meet the older teams from over the United States in the final contest. And in that contest, like every other contest held in Chicago last week, we are proud of the fact also that the Iowa team of club girls in Muscatine county were again on top and won this wonderful prize trip to France, which they will take beginning about next May, and go through the same work as in their own local community. They are going there to teach the people of France the canning method which they have used in their own homes and own club work in their county. That is the sort of information we have spread in our state, in our country, and we are going into other countries. The boys' and girls' work such as is done in the United States has become an institution in this country, but it never has been much in any other country. Now a great deal of interest has developed all over the world and we are receiving requests for information as to how we do this work. I believe after this work is done in France this year we are going to have considerable helpful interest there, and probably a good many countries are going to proceed with it. I think that is specially interesting because it is one of the few things that has been originated in the United States. The school system is not limited to the United States alone. But PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 173 the boys' and girls' club work is a big institution in the United States, with 600,000 boys and girls in it. I forgot to mention one point I want to mention and that is the fact that while we have in this state 15,000 boys and girls enrolled, we haven't scratched the surface as to possibilities. There are on the farms of Iowa as near as we can get the figures from the census, about 225,000 boys and girls between ten and twenty-one years old, which is the eligible age for this work. When I said 15,000 enrolled you can see we have not scratched the surface, reaching but a small percentage of those who ought to be in the work, so I don't want to leave those figures on your mind thinking they are large and nothing is to be done in expanding them. We haven't begun to reach out and get the boy and girl that ought to be in. You will agree with me that if it is good for those 15,000 to be in this work it would be just as good for the other 200,000 not in it. I believe we ought to all combine our efforts along that line, and if we do it I be- lieve agricultural work in this state will be more effective, and I believe there will be better practices introduced very readily. President Cameron : The next speaker on the program is our Attorney General Ben J. Gibson, who I am sure has an interesting message for this convention. Attorney General Ben J. Gibson: The fair that is a real success is the fair where everybody, farmers and business men, poor and rich, those in affluence and those in common estate, can just come in there and feel they are just on a level and it is their fair. If you have that feeling you are going to have a successful fair. Among the things that appealed to me at the state fair were the horse shoe pitching, the horse racing, and these other things that are good ordinary sports. You know I have always liked to think of the amusing things in life, and in the last two or three years in this state and this nation we, as a people, know that there has grown up in America and in the state of Iowa a sort of condition of mind that has made us grouchy. I don't care whether you are business men or whether you are farmers that same feeling has come to you and it has come to me. Now I am not going to enter into a discussion of why that is or what it is, but I just want to strike this note, that Iowa is the same old state of Iowa; the same wealth, the same farms, the same bordering rivers of the Mississippi and the Missouri, and it is set here just like the same jewel that it was in the years gone by, with the same people, the same magnificent people that in stress of war in 1917 got together as one and lifted Iowa to a niche in American history that it will never be able to forget. In that connec- tion I want to tell you an incident I have told a number of times in the past few years, of the time I passed down by the great library building in New York City during service. As I went by that building my eyes just happened to go up at the motto or sign that was over the building. I imagine there are thousands of other Iowa boys who saw the same sign, and that sign was simply this: "Buy bonds the way they buy bonds in Iowa." I want to tell you that sign was there to tell to the people in New York what was the real patriotic duty of American citizenship. 174 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. So our people were great then and our people are great now. The fact is this, that you have everything in Iowa that you have had in the years gone by, and as I listened to one of the speakers this morning I learned you have increased your crops by some 57 per cent during the past year. Really the glory of Iowa is just beginning. When you go downstairs, go down the big stairway and turn around and look at that glorious picture which speaks of the future growth of this state. Then as you go down just look up between the two pillars and behold these words: "Iowa— my eyes have been permitted to behold but the beginning of her glory." As you look at that just simply think, "Well now, it is all right for us to be grouchy, but we have got the greatest state in the union, let's just smile once in a while." We all just want to realize the fact that we are now as happy and as contented as we want to be and as we believe. I don't think for one moment we ought to be grouchy. There are some things I want to talk to you about this morning from the standpoint of agriculture. You have all listened to a great many things with reference to agriculture, and of course agriculture, as you know and as I know, is the basic industry in America, in Iowa for instance. I have sometimes listened to men speaking and talking about different things in this state, and there has come to me this thought, that con- tinually the business men of the state, and those with wealth and those who operate various industries in the state, should remember that 51.5 per cent, and more, that is the minimum, of the wealth of Iowa is invested in the Iowa farms. In addition to that there is another large percentage invested in the farm machinery, the farm stock and the farm crops. When you have two-thirds of the wealth of this state in one great industry you can begin to realize that that industry is entitled to the consideration of every citizen in the state, whether he is high or whether he is low, whether he lives on a farm or not. I have said in the past few years that I believe that in ten or fifteen years from today, unless this great work which has been referred to this morning continues to grow, the question is going to be how are you going to keep the boys and girls out there digging in this soil and planting the crops so that you and I and our children and our children's children may enjoy the foodstuffs with which to sustain life. So I say agriculture is the basic industry of the union and I say it is entitled to consideration in all its needs that come up. And I don't blame the farmer, I don't blame that man who is interested in agriculture for complaining about conditions when those conditions force him to a situation of operating his farm at a loss, whereas on the other hand, corporations such as the Standard Oil can declare from 400 to 1600 per cent stock dividends in the year. He is entitled to feel sometimes that perhaps everything is not just exactly as it ought to be. But through it all it seems to me this thought ought to come to the farming elements of Iowa, that it is by sound, sane thought that you are going to accomplish the real results sought; not by getting together and saying this is wrong and the other thing is wrong, but by getting down to brass tacks and working the problem out in a sane and scientific manner. I believe that in the future in Iowa the agricultural department has a chance to grow, and grow until it is so great as to include things that PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 175 are now not included here. The agricultural department should take deep and vital interest not only in those things which apply to the potato and corn or the cow, but those things which are really of greater importance perhaps, that is the real happiness of the people. I want to say that the real happiness of our people depends upon good government. Good government will do as much to bring happiness to the people as any other single thing. Now in the past few years we have watched the steady growth, not only in Iowa, but every state in the union, of the expenditures of government. I am just going to speak in that connection for a moment upon the budget, and in speaking of the budget you understand what I mean by the budget. It is easy enough to say budget and budget and budget, but unless there is something really at heart, some real good in the thing you may as well do as I said a few moments ago, "Give me liberty or give me death." You and I have watched the steady increase in taxation during the past few years in Iowa, not only in the state but in the nation as well. I heard an old gentleman speak down at Muscatine in a meeting down there a year ago. I addressed the Farm Bureau, and he said, "Do you know, during the last few years it is just like this, we have just run our automobile so fast that the blamed thing has got beyond our control." We have gone on and on in taxation and increased expenditures. I don't want to complain nor do I want to be understood as complaining or to be misunderstood as condemning these wonderful things Iowa has had. I appreciate you are here trying to get more of this than I can give you because I have not that rhetorical flow necessary to bring these things to you, but I don't believe any of you, I don't believe there is a boy or girl, man or woman in Iowa that would surrender her wonderful school system for anything. I don't believe you would surrender any of the wonderful things you have, not for anything; her wonderful institutions for the unfortunate which are models for other states throughout the union— you would not surrender those things, nor would I. But some- times I think this, I say why don't you as a people have in every city and town in Iowa a great cathedral equal to St. Peter's with beautiful pictures on the wall painted by Raphael, Rembrandt and Michaelangelo, and beautiful statuary in every corner, have marble floors and marble inlaid steps, and all those things. Why don't you have it? I will tell you why you don't have it. Simply because you can't afford it, that is all. The thought I have is this and it should be obvious, it seems to me, be- cause it is a fundamental, that we should progress just as rapidly as we can, keeping always in mind the thought that as a people we must live within our income. And I want to tell you that you can talk about budget and you can talk about reduction in taxation, but if your people as a people, your state as a state, your county government as a county and city government as a city, will live within its income during the years, your taxes instead of going up will go down. There is not any question about the matter at all, with due regard to all who may dis- agree with what I say. Therefore it seems to me, in the enactment of a budget which is coming up, the heart of the thing is to compel living within income. 176 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. Let me give you an example. If I have a thousand dollars to spend during the coming year for the purpose of providing for my wife and children and myself clothing, food and necessary living, and I know that is all I am going to get during the year, what am I going to do on the first day of the year? I am going to so arrange my affairs that at the end of eleven months there will be at least a crust of bread on the table and clothing upon the backs of my children. In other words, I will budget that thousand dollars out so it will cover the entire period of time. Put on a sound, sane basis economy will do wonders in this thing of government. Now a budget is a wonderful thing, and I want to say to you that I believe the incoming legislature without question is going to adopt that. If that is applied throughout the state government, to every board and commission, to every state department and every state officer, coupled with a complete and absolute law which will compel living within income, I want to say to you it will do more to reduce taxes in Iowa than anything that has been done in the last ten or fifteen years. The next thing I want to cover is the question of taxation. I want to call your attention to one thing in connection with the taxation question and that is with relations to farms. I can't conceive that it is proper and right to say that farm land shall be taxed at its market value upon the market. In the ordinary course of trade that is the usual basis, what it is bought and sold for on the market. No other class of property is taxed upon the same basis except land and perhaps town lots, be- cause what a thing sells for on the market in the ordinary course of trade fails to take into consideration other elements, such as income and other things which have to do with the proportion of public burden. Every- body should bear his share of the public burden, whether rich or poor, whether high or low, whether he is in affluence or whether he is not, everyone should bear his share of the public burden, and I want to say to you that in the incoming legislature if tax revision is indeed sought, it should have one great thought at least in mind. That is that 51.5 per cent of the property of this state is entitled in the fixing of its value for taxation purposes to have taken into consideration not alone its market value but these other elements of value which after all determine what revenue if any that produces and returns to the man who is the property owner. Now in conclusion may I just branch for a moment to my own depart- ment of the state government. I want to say to you who operate fairs, and to you who come from business houses in this state and who come from farms in this state, that the happiness of the people is not only dependent upon a reasonably operated government in so far as expense of that government is concerned, but perhaps more important than all is that 'security which we call obedience to law and order. I want to say to you that a nation or state without a people obedient to law and order is not a state, it is nothing more than an anarchistic congregation of peo- ples gathered together. I want to say to you that in the next five or ten years there is coming a contest between those who would have the law say to them you can do with this as you want, you can obey it or not as you see fit, apply it to the other fellow, but let me have liberty and license. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 177 You know there is a difference between liberty and license. Liberty is the conduct of your affairs and mine so as to give the best not only to our- selves but to all who are around us ; for the good of the whole community. License on the other hand starts when the personal feelings and the personal desires of the person who is seeking advantage does as he pleases. One leads to anarchy, the other leads to sound government. I want to say in your communities if you want to carry on a great work among the boys and girls, if you would have it so these boys' and girls' clubs you were speaking about this morning, your agricultural societies in your several counties in the state of Iowa, if you want to carry on the greatest work perhaps you can do to the state here, just seek to build in the hearts and in the souls of Iowa's people themselves a feeling that law and order is the cornerstone in this great state of Iowa. President Cameron: This will complete our program for this morning and the convention will stand adjourned until 1 :30 p. m. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 13, AFTERNOON SESSION, 1 :30 P. M. President Cameron : Gentleman, you will please come to order. The Stowe Mothers Quartet was introduced to the convention and rendered a number of vocal selections. President Cameron : I take pleasure in introducing to the con- vention, Mr. H. O. Weaver, of Wapello, Iowa, who will give you a historical sketch of the Agricultural Societies and the State Fair. Mr. H. O. Weaver: The agricultural associations of this state, when viewed in the light of the development of our great state, form a most important organization. The agricultural society, with its exponent, the Iowa State Fair, links with it the county and district associations of the state, the influence of which reaches every township and hamlet within our borders. To my mind it has shown the greatest development from its inception of any department since the organization of the state. It has proven to be the greatest benefactor in the state's development, and it is interesting to know the progress that it has made since Iowa was admitted to the union. The spirit of the agricultural societies had its origin among the pioneers many years before Iowa became a state. The pioneers who came into the state and settled the counties along the Mississippi river saw very early the agricultural possibilities of what was then an unknown country so far as agricultural pursuits were concerned. The nucleus of their representative gathering in southeastern Iowa, represented by the counties of Des Moines, Jefferson, Van Buren, Scott, Louisa and Washington early began to contend with each other in their meager way for the betterment and making of this commonwealth, and like the early religious camp meetings, they were itinerant, and they held their annual meetings in the various counties then organized. These early societies did not have 12 178 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. a permanent home. They held their meetings first in one county, then in another, but the spirit of the association has been one of steady and permanent growth. These early pioneers came westward in their linchpin wagons, and they brought with them such equipment in the way of scrub horses, "elmpeter" hogs, and what they called the old Durham cow, which furnished most of the sustenance of the family during the long and tiresome trip from Ohio or some eastern state. They drove to the first meetings of this association in their prairie schooners, taking with them such products as they could show their neighbors the result of their year's work. The hawthorn and crabapple tree were the permanent shelter for the animal exhibits. The specimens of such grains as they had brought with them, a sample of the improved clapboard skillfully made with the axe and froe, the handwork of the good wife and daughter in the way of homespun garments, these were there exhibited under the shelter of some friendly oak or elm. The first race-course was some open prairie field previously occupied by the Indians in their native sports, and it was here that the family pride of Kentucky first contended with the most alert of the Indian ponies. I was told by my grandfather when a boy that one of the most skillful contests was with the squirrel rifle held at one of these gatherings where it required three days to award the victor who received for his exhibition of skill a home-made bag for his gun equipment and five pounds of long green tobacco. It will thus be seen that the early pioneers contended with each other to excel in the things that they possessed. From one gathering to an- other as the settlement spread westward a great improvement was seen in all avenues of agriculture and stock breeding. These gatherings soon attracted the attention of some of our ablest men who attended them annually and participated in the contests for supremacy. The early records of these associations will show the names of such men as Judge Mason, Judge Wright, Governor Grimes, Governor Kirkwood and John Henry Gear, who foresaw the importance of such an organization in the development of the resources of this state. So great was the progress and effort of these men upon the improve- ment of stock breeding and agriculture, that very soon after these local organizations attracted the attention of the legislature, and during the administration of Governor Hempstead the Third General Assembly, then seated at Iowa City, the capital of the state, passed a bill in 1850 for the encouragement of these societies and provided that whenever a county or district society should be organized and had a paid-up sub- scription of twenty-five dollars, they could upon proper showing, draw from the state treasurer of Iowa a like sum of twenty-five dollars for their wrork, but in no case should any society draw more than fifty dollars per annum from the state treasurer. This money was to be expended to foster and encourage the work of improvement of agriculture. It was during the administration of Governor Grimes in 1857, when the laws of the state were being revised, that this association may be said to be founded, and one of the provisions of this law was that any county or district association, upon proper showing and qualification, could draw from the state treasurer the sum of two hundred dollars. This original PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 179 bill, as passed under the Grimes administration, provided for a representa- tion in the state association, practically as we have it today. During every legislature from that time until the present time something has been done to amend the law pertaining to this association to meet the demands of the present development of agriculture. Finally, this society, upon the purchase of a tract of land, found a permanent home in Polk county where it stands as a pre-eminent factor in agricultural development among the states of the union. The growth of this association has kept pace with the organization of the various counties in the state and has furnished an incentive and education for the gradual and final development of our agricultural pur- suits. We who deal with the association today cannot help but admire the thought and wisdom of the founders of this society and the laws that govern it. Every county or district fair association may become a part of the state association and receive from the state such aid as the rules of the association provide. Ninety-five county and district fairs were held in this state in 1922. The representatives of these associations have a voice in the state fair association, thereby linking the community in- terests of the state with that of the parent association. During the past year these fair associations have received aid in the sum of $168,- 000.00; fifty-one fairs receiving the limit of $2,000.00; the average state aid being $1,770.00 each. The county and district fair associations, now aided by the zeal and interest of the farm bureau and other like associations, form a part of this development system that certainly is most creditable. It is through these various county and di-strict organizations that the representatives of every group of agriculture, horticulture and stock breeding become in- terested. They are able to touch the farmers and breeders in the various localities, the boys and girls who are now sharing the operation of their management, and will sooner or later become a most potent force in carrying on the future and further development of this, our great in- dustry. The result of the contests in the various counties and districts are evidenced at the state fair, and I cannot overlook the great importance of the county and district work and believe that more encouragement should be given these various societies. To my mind the spirit of the Iowa farmer and his loyalty to the best interests of the state and these societies has been best shown in the two years that have passed, and it is needless for me here today to state the condition in which he has been placed under the clouds of depression. In olden times before a battle, the greatest burdens and discouragements were heaped upon the soldiers of battle to test their steel of endurance and loyalty. Such a test has been applied to the farmers and stock breed- ers of this state. Their true metal has been shown, when under disap- pointment and reaction, they gathered together their implements of toil and went into the fields with renewed vigor and cultivated the soils of Iowa that she might produce an increased crop to help feed the world's population. After they had sold the first year, the result of their toil which was found to be grown at a loss, they again took up the plow and reaper and garnered their grain to find their accounts were still over- 180 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. drawn at the bank, but this in itself did not shake the faith that they had in their state and in the government of the United States. And while promises of relief and legislation came from various quarters and greatly encouraged and in many instances did assist in partially relieving cer tain conditions, yet they made up their minds that the farmers' economic problem would finally be solved by work and energy with close application to the saving of their hard-earned money, and hoping at the same time that should the wisdom of congress open up a market with the East, lower the freight rates and reduce any unnecessary taxation, they would regard it as a great assistance and a grateful benediction. Many of our farmers and breeders viewed the situation from another angle and went about their work, though handicapped, and as they had lived to see the tide of prosperity come and go, they resolved in their minds that they might be ungrateful for past blessings and benefits if they should come to believe that it was meant for them always to live in a high period of prosperity. This class concluded that they could not expect to use the reaper all of the time in season and out of season, but for the permanent endurance of their business it would be just as well that a check of inflated prices should come, in order to relieve some of their fields of the thistles that had grown and been overlooked during the period of high prices, and finally by experience bring the conditions into a state of affairs, through various causes, where the farmers' products will continuously bring a fair profit, and the profits which he has to pay for necessities will vary in proportion to the profits which must fall to him. It is very difficult to think of a law to be passed by congress or the state legislature which will not in some degree affect the permanent agriculture of this country. It is the wise statesman who will ever bear this in mind when in dealing in any legislation affecting the welfare of this country that the building of such laws must be aimed to protect its greatest industry, agriculture, and not detract from a reasonable profit to the producer. We will never have a satisfied condition until the farmer is able to reap a reasonable profit for his labor. I cannot refrain from calling attention to the extreme loyalty of the Iowa farmers. The world's greatest poet and delineator of character once said: "Blow, blow, thou wintry blast, thou are not so unkind as man's ingratitude." Never, my friends, never were the words of that learned poet brought more forcibly to mind than on last November election when the farmers of Iowa, bowed down with taxes and disappointments, marched to the polls of this state and paid a debt of gratitude which they owed the boys who shared the discomforts of the World's War. This will stand out in the future history of Iowa as one of the monuments of gratitude of its people. The farmers and breeders of Iowa went back to their plows and herds under such conditions. They voted a bonus to our boys, believing in the faith of their state and government. That same faith in the people and the constitution of the United States will keep Iowa at the head of the states of this union, bearing as its motto, agriculture. I have always been pleased to represent this state in the association of one of its principal breeding industries. It has always been my PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 181 great pride to know that this state stands first in breeding cattle; has stood first rank in the matter of pure bred hogs of the country, and my association with these societies has led me to believe, however, that if Iowa is to hold her place as a leading state in the industries that I have just mentioned and our state fair supreme in its exhibits that it shall be the duty of every member of this association to appeal with a renewed vigor for the protection and the saving of many of the herds of this state. Iowa's place is well known for these products from the fact that the pure bred industries of the state of Iowa have stimulated and educated our farmers and breeders for better livestock. Within the past two years many of our best herds of cattle and hogs have been sacrificed to meet the demands that have been made upon their credit, and I cannot refrain on this occasion from calling attention to the loyalty and far-seeing policy that has been heretofore adopted by the banks o'f this state. The care- ful banker of this state knows that a falling off of the products of Iowa reduces his deposits. The growth of better livestock will increase his deposits. The bankers have the thanks of the state for these policies, but I urge upon the members of this association and all present who are in- terested in the future good of the state that these policies shall continue and that an extension of time be given upon these loans to your breeders until they can receive a fair profit for the money which they have invested in these pure bred herds. I know of no one thing that would be so detrimental to this state as to be forced to send to the "block" the pure bred hogs and cattle of this state which has required a quarter of a century to produce. Every county and district fair director should see to it in his own locality that this industry shall not be crippled and be made to suffer because of a little time wanting for adjustment. The im- provement of livestock in Iowa has only reached a fair stage in its progress. Only ZV2 per cent of the cattle in Iowa are pure bred, and I believe the pure bred hogs are in the same proportion, yet, upon this small per cent of herds the farmers and stock raisers of Iowa must depend for the increased production in pork and beef. The best herds in England have remained in the same family for a period of two hundred years. Therefore, in this state where production is so promising, why sacrifice the greatest asset in our total resources. I repeat that it has been a great pleasure for me to represent Iowa in this breeding association. The matter of appropriations comes up before these bodies and the first thing that you hear is, "Well, what does Iowa want? How much is Weaver going to tax us this time?" I want to say to you that the state of Iowa, and the state fair itself has re- ceived from -the breeders of this country more money to pay out at the Iowa State Fair than any other fair in the United States; and they give us the place because they know that out here in Iowa are the greatest de- velopment, the greatest showing and the greatest merit of all exhibits of any place in the United States. Consequently, it was easy for us to get these appropriations and put them in the state here which have helped to make the great exhibits that you have seen in the past, and I want to repeat again, gentlemen, I want to repeat again to you that the time has arrived for each and every one of you to look carefully into your own 182 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. county and district to see that the stalls at our next state fair are filled up with the sarnie kind of cattle that must compete with Ohio, Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska, and you can do this, by simply going to your banker and saying, "Here, if that man needs a little more time to pro- tect his herd and protect it for the state of Iowa, give it to him. It is only a matter of a few months or a year's adjustment." I thank you. President Cameron : We have on our program this afternoon, an address by Governor Kendall. I have just learned that the Governor has been unexpectedly called away and will be unable to be with us. Mr. L. R. Fairall, Advertising Director for the Iowa State Fair, has consented to give us a short address on "Advertising for Fairs", which I believe wilF be of interest to all of the Iowa Fair Managers. Mr. Fairall: I would like to talk to you with the feeling that you and I are just sitting down here for a few moments' discussion of the question of how much a fair should spend for its advertising and how that money should be spent. I know that is a question which is worrying every fair year in and year out. We have all heard men say that you can't spend too much for advertising. That is absolutely untrue and we know it. We have also heard men say that a fair needs no advertising, that a good fair will advertise itself. You and I also know' that that is equally untrue. We might as well say that a fair does not need any attendance as to say it does not need any advertising. You spend twelve months in the year in assembling things for your county or your district to come and see. If you don't tell people what those things are, what is the value of the twelve months that you have spent in gathering them together? In the final analysis if you take the attendance figures, if you take a poll of the successful fairs over a period of years, you will find that the success or failure of your fair, or any other fair, can be made through adver- tising. Good advertising will make your fair successful. Poor adver- tising or lack of it, will be one of the greatest contributing features to the failure of your fair. That is why more and more the fair managers are devoting increased thought and money to the subject of advertising and publicity. Now just for a minute, chiefly for the ideas there might be suggested in it, let us review the program of advertising and publicity that is carried on each year by the Iowa State Fair. The state fair's advertising and publicity program is divided into a great many departments to cover the different kinds of people in the state of Iowa and appeal to their individual interests. I will take them, not in the way in which they are carried out, but just in the order in which they occur to me as I have noted them down here. One of the most important things in the program of the Iowa State Fair is the bi-monthly publication issued by the state fair management and department of agriculture called "Greater Iowa." This goes to ap- proximately eighteen thousand people in all parts of the state, farmers, breeders, fair men, county officials, and others, who are in a position to promote and create and increase interest in the state fair. It con- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 183 tains a great deal of information on subjects related to agriculture in general, seeking to be helpful to the man who wants to make his farm produce more. In the columns of this publication, at the same time, we are pointing out to the people of the state the value of the state fair, its notable features, how the breeder can make the fair serve his interests, where the farmer can profit by attending the fair, and such things as that. The people are receiving this publication throughout the year and the fair is kept before them as one of the great institutions of the state. In May, as soon as the dates of the fair are decided upon, we send out approximately three thousand large hangers or calendars to banks-, com- mercial clubs, garages, implement dealers, and prominent people. They are hung in offices and stores all over the state, so that people may know the dates of the state fair and may fix those dates in their minds. This also starts a little talk about the fair which is helpful in our later publicity. The next publicity features come along in May and June when we start our first preliminary news publicity. This is broadcasted over the entire state through newspapers and farm papers, to let people know that we are again preparing for a big Iowa State Fair. It starts to create discussion which later results in getting the crowds down there. Along in May and June we also insert some advertising in the live stock papers, breeders' papers and farm papers, telling the advantages of ex- hibiting live stock at the Iowa State Fair, and letting them know the premiums that are to be offered. A great number of breeders write in as a result of these advertisements and they are proving to be one of the most important factors in keeping a new and constantly increasing list of exhibitors in the live stock departments. If we relied entirely on the old exhibitors all the time, some of these men going out of business, some leaving and some going to other states, our exhibitors would dwindle. This advertising keeps a constantly new list of breeders and exhibitors coming on to show at the state fair. Then in July we concentrate on our news publicity. During May and June each year we carry in the newspapers stories about all sorts of features connected with the fair. Not only newspapers in Des Moines, but all over the state. The first of August or last part of July we send out something like three thousand columns of plate matter to over 450 newspapers scattered throughout the state of Iowa. This embraces reading matter already set up, ready for these papers to print. It con- sists largely of pictures — pictures of the fair grounds, pictures of attrac- tions coming here, pictures of live stock to be shown at the fair, and things of that kind. These papers are glad to get it and nine-tenths of it is run free of charge. Along with this plate matter we send them two to four ads which are paid for. These ads are intended to appeal to various classes of people. In one advertisement we will talk to the farmer and breeder who would come down to the fair to get some new ideas on live stock. Another advertisement is calculated to appeal to the person who wants a vacation and wants a good place to spend a week of enjoyment. Another appeals to those interested in boys' and girls' club work. One advertisement aims at one particular class at a time. 18.4 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. That is one of the secrets of good advertising. You can't talk to everybody on all kinds of subjects in any one ad and get any results from it. About this same time we distribute through the railroads, to every railway station in the state of Iowa, a series of hangers and cards bear- ing the dates of the fair, some attractive pictures of horse racing or live stock. Along with these quite frequently we send out heralds and hand bills which are hung up in the railroad station where people can jerk them off, put them in their pockets and read them on the train. Through all this literature is an effort to show these people where they, directly, will profit by and enjoy attending the state fair. About the first of August we start our display advertising in the farm papers. That advertising runs for three weeks, talking to the farmers about the educational value and amusement value of the fair. About the first week in August we also start advertising in the Des Moines papers, following the same general outline as . above, although using larger advertising than in the farm papers. We also put up 160 large billboards August 1st, covering the territory from which people come to the state fair. These are on main traveled roads, in towns, in cities. In the city of Des Moines and near Des Moines we also put a number of window cards in the store windows about two weeks before the fair starts. In the state fair's advertising we have found that we get the greatest results with our money by spending it in the territory where we have the best opportunity to get people to attend. In other words, clear up on the Minnesota line it is three times as hard to induce some one to come to the state fair as it is at Perry where they only have to come a short distance. That is the plan we follow and the bulk of our adver- tising money is expended within a radius of seventy-five or a hundred miles of the state fair. There is where we get the most attendance for our money, and that is what the fair advertising wants to do. That same principle may well be adopted by any fair anywhere. Plan your advertising so you will get the bulk of it in the territory where it is easiest for the people to reach the fair. Now to take up different appeals in the advertising. We put on a survey here at the fair last year to try to find out why people came to the fair. Strange as it may seem, nine-tenths of the people who answered that inquiry around the fair grounds said that they came to see the horse races and the fire works, and the hippodrome, or something of that kind. Incidentally, of course, they would not have come to the fair if it had not had all the live stock and agricultural exhibits and things of that kind. But in the final outcome they made up their minds to come because they wanted to see some of the entertainment features. Now, I believe that in all of our advertising we should exploit the educational advantages of the fair, give full play to the live stock and farm products, but at all times remember that the amusement features probably will give us the greatest results in the actual cash receipts at the gate. Another idea which we carried out this year and have promoted for several years is that of arranging for special editions of the local news- papers just before the fair opens. A newspaper is very prone to go into PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 185 anything that produces a greater volume of advertising for it. If you can get your local newspaper to undertake to put out a special edition and solicit advertisements, they will do the work and you will get the columns for news material in connection with that fair edition. We also run our complete daily program in the papers. We do this in exchange for tickets. Another "stunt" that works out nicely is to get a group of enthusiastic people to appear before your various clubs, men's clubs arid women's clubs, to boost the fair and urge people to turn out and see the fair. The Chamber of Commerce undertook that last year with splendid results. I believe there was more boosting on the part of the people of this city last year and more real effort to entertain the fair visitors than there had been for a long time. The average state fair expends approximately 10 to 12 per cent of its gross income for advertising. That is taken from statistics from fairs all over the United States. The Iowa State Fair expends approximately 7 per cent of its gross for advertising, so you see we keep pretty well within the limit. The average county fairs, as reviewed from figures which you will find in Secretary Corey's report here, spent for advertising in Iowa this year from 16 per cent of the gate to one per cent. You can see there is quite a wide range in this field. There might be a great deal of good done by a committee of this organization getting together and determining what percentage is wise for a county fair to spend for advertising purposes. Now just a few further suggestions which you may find of value when the time comes to put on your fair next year. The first suggestion I have and the most serious suggestion is that, before you do a single thing, you sit down and plan a definite budget for your advertising. It is very easy to have a salesman come in and sell you one sort of ad- vertising and another come in and sell you another, and before you know it you are spending more than you should on advertising. It is equally easy to keep these expenses down to almost nothing, and the first thing you know you have not spent enough for advertising. Both are equally disastrous. The best plan is to take every kind of advertising you can find, weigh them all in considering your budget, and then select those media which will give you the most attendance for your money. Now what are these media? I would first recommend newspapers. They should be the backbone of the advertising campaign of any fair. I would not rank the display advertising as highly as I would the publicity. A good thing is to get your editor or editors personally interested in the fair. Sometimes you may put your editors on the fair board and make them real boosters. In your newspaper publicity don't limit yourself to your own local papers. Send stories by mail to the papers all around your territory. They will use them if they are written in good style. An- other suggestion is, don't tell everything in one story. A string of good stories has more value than one big one. You can get stories about your amusement program, the horse races, the anticipated attendance, dope stories about what your fair is going to do, stories on the various at- tractions, a mayor's proclamation urging attendance and support of the 186 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. fair, and you can get some good stories on the early historical develop- ment of your fair. The second chief features to be considered are billboards, hangers, win- dow cards and like media. I believe that on a fair advertising program there should be a certain number of billboards and a certain number of window cards and posters, because they fix the name and dates of the fair in people's minds and keep urging them so no one can forget. The third good stunt many fairs use is to get out a herald or hand bill. This may be one page or it may be two or four pages. They distribute them in stores and hang them around the postoffices and in automobiles parked on the streets. They follow the plan the circus fol- lows when it comes to town. The circus people do about as shrewd ad- vertising as you will find any place, and they use heralds and handbills in profusion. There are some fairs who still make the mistake of buying specialties, trick advertising stunts, whistles and pencils and things of that kind. You must interest people in your fair, you must sell the fair to them if you are going to get them to attend. I never saw a whistle or pencil yet that could convince anyone that they ought to attend a fair. Another plan which some fairs have employed successfully, is to go to one of their local newspaper men and pay him a hundred dollars and make him responsible for all of the advertising and publicity connected with the entire fair. You gentlemen are very busy men just before the fair, yet that is the time when you should have the most publicity. You haven't the time to devote to promoting the many publicity features which make your fair successful. Fifty or a hundred dollars paid to some local man who is capable will give you many, many times that much in actual cash returns. Make him responsible, make him feel he has to get out the attendance, and if you put it to him in that way he will get the publicity for you. Another thing that many fairs should do is to make good use of the material which is furnished them by the various attractions. A number of the better attractions now-a-days furnish stories, ads, pictures, bill- board paper and material of that kind free of charge. That is a won- derful help to you if you will make use of it. It is just that much free material which you would have to pay for otherwise. Before I close may I suggest that the advertising department of the state fair here is on the job the year 'round and we are ready at any and all times to be of help to the county and district fairs of the state. If a question concerning any of your advertising and publicity ever comes up we would appreciate it if you would drop us a line and let us assist you. The most important thing about your advertising, about your publicity I think is the enthusiasm that you get into it. If you can arouse your community, arouse your newspaper men and get your board, your farmers and breeders enthusiastic over the fair, your fair will be a success. That, after all, is the object of all advertising. Mr. Moore: May I ask a question? I would like to ask Mr. Fairall what percentage of the gate receipts the State Fair spends for advertising? PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 187 Mr. Fairall : Eleven per cent this year. The general figures on stare fair advertising appropriations are made up on the basis of gross receipts. President Cameron : No doubt you have all heard of the wonder- ful achievements of Iowa at the International Live Stock show at Chicago last week. We have asked Dean C. F. Curtiss to give us a short review of Iowa's achievements at the International Live Stock Show and Exposition. Mr. Curtiss: In the International Students' Judging Contest with twenty teams competing, Iowa won first with a wide margin of seventy- seven points over the nearest competitor. Our boys made a wonderful record both as individuals and as a team. Not only did our team rank first, but J. C. Holbert was high man in the contest; H. B. Boyle was fifth; and J. H. Hilton tied for eighth. You will note that the men ranked high on the individual classes of live stock. It is also interesting to note that three of the top four, or four of the top seven, teams were coached by Iowa State College men. Winnings On Fat Barrows In the strongest fat barrow show ever held, Iowa State College made the greatest winning on fat barrows on all breeds ever made by any institution. We exhibited a few of each of six breeds of hogs and in the case of each breed won some blue ribbons while purple ribbons de- noting championships were won in five out of the six. A total of 67 ribbons was won, totaling cash prizes of over $2,000.00. A few of the chief awards follow: Grand champion pen of barrows of the show, all breeds competing, won on Poland Chinas bred, fed and exhibited by Iowa State College. Reserve grand champion barrow of the show on a Poland China barrow. Grand champion barrow in the carcass contest on a Berkshire. Champion pen of three Poland China barrows. Champion pen of five Poland China barrows, get of one sire. Champion Poland China barrow. Champion pen of Chester White barrows. Champion Hampshire barrow. Champion pen of Hampshire barrows. Reserve champion pen of Duroc Jersey barrows. Reserve champion Duroc Jersey barrow. Winnings On Iowa State College Sheep In the Oxford breeding classes, we exhibited the first and second prize yearling rams; first and second prize yearling ewes; champion ewe and champion ewe of the show in addition to some third, fourth and fifth prizes. In Southdowns we had champion American-bred ewe. In Ram- bouillets, Hampshires and Shropshires, some second, third and fourth prizes were won. In the fat wether show we had the champion Oxford wether, the first prize pen of three grade wethers and the champion five head of wethers of the show, all colleges competing. 188 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. While we were showing our Clydesdales, Mr. George Cluett, of Wil- liamstown, Massachusetts, presented to Iowa State College, the great mare, Fairholme Ruth. This mare was grand champion at the 1918 In- ternational. Winnings On Ioiva State College Horses We exhibited only a few horses at the International and all that we exhibited were yearlings and foals bred and developed by Iowa State College. All of the yearlings won prizes in very stiff competition. Winnings On Iowa State College Steers Our college steers did not make as good a showing as they have many years in the past. However, the competition was exceedingly keen and we are striving to have a much better lineup for next year's exposition. We won first in the senior yearling grade Hereford class on Aledo. Had the champion grade steer sired by a pure-bred Hereford sire. Black Don, pure-bred senior yearling Angus steer, won first prize in the show for carcass steers on foot and second on the block. Black Knight was second of the junior yearling steers on foot, while Pan won fourth on the block. ' Dauntless, our pure-bred senior yearling Hereford steer, won fourth in the strongest class of Hereford steers ever shown at the International. Our grade Hereford herd of three steers won first prize. Miclivest Intercollegiate Poultry Judging Contest In the Students' Poultry Judging Contest held at the Chicago Coliseum Poultry Show, the Iowa State College team won first, with a margin of 135 points. The judging contest is divided into two parts, judging for exhibition and judging for egg production. C. A. Shellabarger, of Ames, tied for first place in exhibition judging and L. C. Deal, of Ames, was high man in production judging. Iowa State won the rotating large silver cup that is awarded to the sweepstakes team, permanent possession to be given to the institution winning it three times; first exhibition team, sil- ver cup, permanent property; first production team, silver cup, permanent property, and a permanent cup for the sweepstakes team. This poultry judging team was composed of students classified in the collegiate courses, thus, was an entirely different team from the one that carried off sweep- stake honors in the Noncollegiate Poultry Judging Contest held at the American Royal two weeks earlier. Four of the men, composing our International Students' Judging Team, were also members of the judging team winning first honors at the Na- tional Swine Show contest held early in October, thus, Iowa State College has had a very successful season in the judging contest work, our team at the National Dairy Show having ranked third in com- petition with nineteen other teams. Boys? and Girls' Cluo Work In the boys' and girls' club work, Iowa made an outstanding record. The girls' canning demonstration team won first, which carries a trip to France for the team and its instructor, where canning demonstra- tions will be given by the team during the coming summer. In the baby beef club work, Iowa won first and grand champion on a steer that was exhibited in the baby beef show at the Iowa State PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 189 Fair. In the junior judging contest, with nineteen states competing, the Iowa boys won second. President Cameron : We will now have the report of the Com- mittee on Credentials : REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS We, your committee on credentials, report the following list of dele- gates entitled to vote at the State Agricultural Convention, December 13, 1922: COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS Adair F. A. Gatch, Greenfield Adams S. C. Scott, Corning Allamakee C. G. Helming, Waukon Audubon R. D. Hawks, Audubon Benton D. L. Bryan, Vinton Black Hawk E. S. Estel, Waterloo Boone Harve Helphrey, Ogden Bremer Joe P.. Grawe, Waverly Buchanan C. H. Gould, Aurora Buchanan — Independence H. C. Kieth, Independence Buchanan — Jesup J. P. Hess, Jesup Buena Vista Roy H. Wilkinson, Alta Butler J. C. Carter, Allison Calhoun J. C. Hoag, Manson Calhoun — Rockwell City Andrew Stewart, Rockwell City Carroll — Carroll Chas. H. Parsons, Carroll Carroll — Coon Rapids Goodwin Garst, Coon Rapids Cass Roy L. Fancolly, Atlantic Cedar C. F. Simmermaker, Tipton Cerro Gordo Chas. H. Barber, Mason City Chickasaw N. H. Bloom, Nashua Clay : . . L. W. Emery, Spencer Clayton— Elkader Raymond G. Tieden, Elkader Clayton — National A. J. Kregel, Garnavillo Clayton — Strawberry Point M. G. Arnold, Strawberry Point Clinton G. H. Christensen, DeWitt Crawford C. P. Harvey, Arion Crawford — Schleswig H. A. Boysen, Schleswig Dallas H. C. Modlin, Perry Davis T. H. Welch, Belknap Decatur A. M. Akes, Leon Delaware E. W. Williams, Manchester Des Moines Wm. B. Hunt, Burlington Dubuque C. F. Ferring, Dyersville Fayette H. M. Stafford, West Union Fremont J. S. Athen, Hamburg Greene E. C. Freeman, Jefferson Grundy R. R. Clark, Grundy Center Guthrie H. A. Covault, Guthrie Center 190 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. Hamilton H. M. Evans, Webster City Hancock L. T. Nutty, Britt Hardin — Ackley Geo. Humphrey, Ackley Hardin — Eldora W. H. Rowan, Union Harrison J. J. Owen, Missouri Valley Henry — Mt. Pleasant Frank Price, Mt. Pleasant Henry — Winfield Russell Canby, Winfield Humboldt R. J. Johnston, Humboldt Ida Frank R. Kerrigan, Ida Grove Jackson E. A. Phillips, Maquoketa Jasper E. J. Failor, Newton Jefferson Chas. H. Ross, Fairfield Jones L. W. Burns, Anamosa Jones — Monticello Thos. J. George, Monticello Keokuk A. L. Humes, What Cheer Kossuth S. D. Quarton, Algona Lee — Donnellson H. B. Hopp, Donnellson Lee — West Point. John Walljasper, West Point Linn — Central City E. E. Henderson, Central City Linn — Marion E. E. Parsons, Marion Louisa R. S. Johnston, Columbus Junction Lucas H. E. Thorne, Derby Lyon W. G. Smith, Rock Rapids Mahaska J. C. McClure, Oskaloosa Marion Seth Way, Knoxville Marshall F. C. Davis, Marshalltown Marshall C. E. Arney, Albion Mills C. R. Brothers, Malvern Mitchell J. A. Kildee, Osage Monona Ed Rowlings, Onawa Monroe F. P. Douglass, Albia Muscatine V. H. Birkett, West Liberty O'Brien W. S. Ayers, Sheldon Page Guy Mitchell, Shenandoah Page C. A. Wenstrand, Shenandoah Plymouth G. E. Held, LeMars Pocahontas Benita Linnan, Fonda Pottawattamie Ed. F. Oxley, Avoca Poweshiek — Brooklyn R. 0. Heathwole, Brooklyn Poweshiek — Malcom James Norvak, Malcom Sac W. F. Weary, Sac City Scott M. E. Bacon, Davenport Shelby W. E. Cooper, Harlan Sioux H. J. Vande Waa, Orange City Story E. H. Graves, Ames Tama E. Mericle, Toledo Taylor John Thompson, Bedford Van Buren W. B. Tade, Hillsboro Wapello L. W. Hall, Eldon Warren C. G. Maxwell, Indianola PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 191 Wayne F. B. Selby, Corydon Webster H. S. Stanberry, Ft. Dodge Winnebago T. E. Isaacson, Forest City Winneshiek M. M. Curtin, Decorah Woodbury F. L. Eaton, Sioux City Worth N. T. Christianson, North wood FARMERS' INSTITUTES Adair R. J. Reed, Greenfield Bremer J. D. Hadley, WTaverly Buena Vista W. C. Skiff, Storm Lake Buena Vista Geo. Schaller, Storm Lake Davis C. W. Clarke, Bloomfield Franklin Florence Osborn, Geneva Johnson Ray E. Smalley, Iowa City Polk • S.J. Stoddom, Granger Polk , . Jas. H. Deemer, Des Moines COUNTIES IN WHICH NO FAIRS ARE HELD Franklin C. H. Scantlebury, Hampton Johnson L. R. Morford, Iowa City Madison T. J. Hudson, Winterset Polk M. L. Markham, Des Moines Ringgold Harry A. Laird, Mt. Ayr STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Ex-Officio Members State Veterinarian .Dr. Peter Malcolm State Food and Dairy Commissioner R. G. Clark OFFICERS President C. E. Cameron, Alta Vice President J. P. Mullen, Fonda Secretary A. R. Corey, Des Moines Treasurer F. E. Sheldon, Mt. Ayr. DISTRICT MEMBERS First District H. 0. Weaver, Wapello Second District E. T, Davis, Iowa City Third District Earl Ferris, Hampton Fourth District E. J. Curtin, Decorah Fifth District C. A. Tow, Norway Sixth District T. C. Legoe, What Cheer Seventh District C. F. Curtiss, Ames Eighth District J. C. Beckner, Clarinda Ninth District Carl E. Hoffman, Atlantic Tenth District Sears McHenry, Denison Eleventh District H. L. Pike, Whiting H. L. PIKE, H. M. STAFFORD, R. S. JOHNSTON, Committee on Credentials. 192 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. President Cameron : You have heard the report of the Com- mittee on Credentials. A motion to accept the report will be in order. D. V. Moore, Woodbury County : I move that the report of the Committee on Credentials be accepted, and the committee continued so that if any other delegates report they may be added to the list. Motion was seconded and carried. President Cameron : We will now have the report of the Com- mittee on Resolutions. R. R. Clark, Chairman, Grundy County: Gentlemen: I desire to pre- sent the following resolutions which have been drafted by the Resolutions Committee: "We desire to congratulate the Management and Officers of the Iowa State Fair on the eminently efficient and successful management of the fair and all work pertaining to the State Department of Agriculture in the crucial period that has been passed during the current year, and we pledge our hearty support and co-operation in the conducting of future fairs and other work of the State Department of Agriculture that is rendering such valuable service to the agricultural and industrial in- terests of Iowa." "We desire to extend our hearty congratulations to the Girls' Club contestants from Iowa at the International Live Stock Exposition on winning the highest honors in that competition including a trip to France where further demonstrations will be given; To the Junior club boys of Iowa on winning the Grand Championship in the baby beef con- test at the International, and second in the Junior live stock judging contest. To the College students of the Iowa State College on winning the highest honors in the collegiate live stock judging contest at the International, with twenty states competing, and the highest honors in- cluding every first prize and every trophy offered in the International Poultry Judging contest. "We desire to express our sorrow and sympathy, and our high appre- ciation of the great public service of two of the State's most eminent citizens, who passed away during the year and who served the State most honorably and efficiently in many capacities; and we wish to refer especially to the service of Hon. W. W. Morrow and Captain Albert M. Head, each of whom served the State Department of Agriculture as Presi- dent and Treasurer successively." R. R. CLARK, C. A. WENSTRAND, C. F. CURTISS, Committee on Resolutions. R. R. Clark, Grundy County: I move that the resolutions be adopted. Motion was seconded and carried. President Cameron : There being no special committee to report at this time, the next order of business will be the election of the Officers and Directors of the State Board of Agriculture. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 193 Mr. Mullen, vice president, taking the chair stated that the first order of business under' this heading would be the election of a president of the State Board of Agriculture for the ensuing year. F. L. Eaton, Woodbury County: The duties of the State Board of Agriculture are many and onerous, and they have been carried on most successfully by the present Officers and Directors. Perhaps the most exacting part of the work is the management of the Iowa State Fair. This fair is one of the best in the country and in most departments, leads all other State Fairs. It has been my good fortune for several years to attend the Annual Meeting of the International Association of Fairs, where I have seen the standing which the officers of the Iowa State Fair have at this meeting, and it makes me proud that I am from Iowa, and proud that I am a constituent of the president of the Iowa State Fair for his advice is sought at this national meeting. When we have a man who has done good work, I believe in keeping him at the job, and therefore I take great pleasure in nominating for President of the State Board of Agriculture, the present incumbent, Mr. C. E. Cameron, of Buena Vista County. Motion was duly seconded. Vice President Mullen : Are there any other nominations ? Mr. Barber of Cerro Gordo county moved that the rules be sus- pended and the secretary be instructed to cast the entire vote of the convention for Mr. C. E. Cameron as President of the State Board of Agriculture for the ensuing year. Motion was seconded. The motion was put and carried unanimously. The Secretary announced that he has cast the entire vote for Mr. Cameron to suc- ceed himself, and Mr. Mullen declared him duly elected President of the State Board of Agriculture for the ensuing year. President Cameron : Gentlemen, I want you to realize that I appreciate your continued confidence, and I want to say that I will do everything possible to make the great Iowa State Fair bigger and better. President Cameron : The next order of business will be the elec- tion of a Vice President for the ensuing year. H. S. Stanberry, Webster County : Without any great flow of oratory, which I do not possess, and realizing that it requires team work to carry on the great Iowa State Fair, and knowing a good friend of mine from my district in the northwestern part of the state who is doing some good work on this board, I take pleasure in nomi- 13 194 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. nating Mr. John P. Mullen, Pocahontas County, for the office of Vice President. The motion was duly seconded by Mr. Quarton of Kossuth County. There being no other nominations Mr. Stanberry moved that the rules be suspended and the Secretary be instructed to cast the unanimous ballot of the convention for Mr. Mullen for the office of Vice President of the State Board of Agriculture. Motion was duly seconded and carried and the Secretary cast the vote of the convention for Mr. Mullen and the President declared Mr. Mullen duly elected Vice President of the State Board of Agri- culture for the ensuing year. Vice President Mullen : Gentlemen, from the bottom of my heart I appreciate the continued confidence in my labors. The only way I can repay you is to do the work in the future in such a way as it will meet with your approval. I intend to do my best and co-operate with my colleagues in making the state fair, if possible, greater than ever before. Again I thank you. President Cameron : The next office to be filled is that of a Di- rector from the Second District. E. A. Phillips, Jackson County: It seems to be the sense of this meeting that we have a very good Board of Directors and I would like to place in nomination the name of E. T. Davis of Johnson County to succeed himself on the Board as a Director from the Second District. Mr. V. H. Byrkit seconded the motion. There being no further nominations, Mr. Phillips moved that the rules be suspended and the Secretary be instructed to cast the entire vote for Mr. E. T. Davis. The motion was seconded and carried and the Secretary cast the vote of the convention for Mr. Davis and the President declared Mr. Davis duly elected to succeed himself as Director of the State Board of Agriculture from the Second District. President Cameron : Nominations will now be in order for the office of Director from the Fourth District. M. E. Bacon, Scott County: The gentleman serving as Director from the Fourth District is, I think, known by every fair secretary and horseman in the state of Iowa; and has acquaintances among fair managers and horsemen extending to a great many other states. He has served efficiently as Superintendent of one of the most i;n- portant departments of the Iowa State Fair, and I take pleasure in nominating Mr. E. J. Curtin of Decorah for the office of Director PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 195 of the Iowa State Board of Agriculture to represent the Fourth Dis- trict. Chas. H. Barber, Cerro Gordo County : I wish to second the nomination of Mr. Curtin. There being no further nominations Mr. Bacon moved that the rules be suspended and the Secretary be instructed to cast the unani- mous vote of the convention for Mr. E. J. Curtin to succeed himself as Director from the Fourth District. The motion was duly seconded and carried. The Secretary cast the vote of the convention and President Cameron declared Mr. Curtin duly elected to succeed him- self as Director of the State Board of Agriculture from the Fourth District. :| j President Cameron : The next office to be filled is that of a Director from the Sixth District. E. J. Fallor from the Sixth District : I wish to place in nomina- tion Mr. E. H. Maytag of Newton, Iowa. This gives me pleasure because I know Mr. Maytag well and because he is well equipped to fill this position with honor to himself and the Board of Directors. Mr. Maytag at the present time is Secretary-Treasurer of the Maytag Company at Newton, Iowa, one of the largest manufacturing con- cerns in the state of Iowa. He also owns and manages a farm where he is breeding Holstein cattle which are accredited, and also Poland China hogs. I believe if you will give him your support that he will fill the position with credit. Chas. H. Barber, Cerro Gordo County: I would like to second the nomination of Mr. Maytag. J. C. McClune, Mahaska County : I am gratified to have the privilege of nominating one of my fellow citizens for the office of Director of the Agricultural Board of Iowa. We all are willing to admit that Iowa is a great state, we acknowledge that. If you are not convinced of that go visit some of the other states and stay four or five weeks and come back and you will discover you have one of the greatest states in the union, and if you are not satisfied that you have the greatest state fair in the union visit some of the state fairs of some of the other states as I have been doing in the years gone by, and you will become convinced we have a great state fair in Iowa, and one of the greatest in the United States. Now there is a reason for these things, there is a reason for the great state fair, and it has been in the management of that fair. I am personally acquainted with the retiring member from the Sixth District. I have known him for more than twenty-five years. We were proud 196 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. of him when he was on the State Fair Board. He is not a candidate to succeed himself I am informed, but the people of my district de- sire me on this occasion to nominate a man who will fill his shoes on the State Board of Agriculture. I am convinced that on the State Board of Agriculture, as in other business, that there are three main elements in every man. I might incorporate them all in brains, but I will say he must be intelligent, he must be honest and he must be courageous. The man whom I desire to nominate today ljas all of these attributes. I have known him from boyhood up. I knew him when traveling between the handles of a plow. I knew him when he was a successful farmer for himself. I knew him when he was one of the best salesmen of that country. I knew him when he organized a little country bank and made a success of that and I knew him when he organized a larger bank in the city of Oskaloosa, and made a success of that. I know him now as Vice President of the largest banking institution in Mahaska County. I know him as Treasurer of the great Southern Iowa Fair of which most of you have heard. I know he is a dependable and honest man, a con- scientious man, and on this State Board of Agriculture will be one of the strongest, most virile fighting forces you could put on. I take great pleasure today in nominating for this particular office, important as I think it is, my fellow townsman, Mr. C. Ed Beman of Mahaska County. Mr. Legoe, Keokuk County: Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention : I have not taken the opportunity of asking you to let me make speeches here and this probably will be the last one I will ever undertake, but I realize that there are four great natural conditions that have got to exist in order to have a good fair. The first of them is a productive country. We have that. The second is the cooperation of the people. We have that. The third is the weather. We don't always have that, but sometimes we do. And the fourth is the Board of Managers and we generally have that, barring myself, perhaps. I have been a director in this fair when there was not a permanent building on the fair grounds, from that time on to the great exposition grounds that you have. I have seen the campers come to the fair in covered wagons by the hundreds, and by the thousands. I have seen automobiles exhibited there as curiosities, and I have seen them come in countless thousands since that time. Now then I want to say this in reference to proper managers, that I have known Mr. Beman here ever since he was a small boy. He is a gen- tleman of great energy. He is honest, he is upright, he has made a PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 197 great and useful citizen in the state of Iowa, and during war time he was one of the best men in the state to finance the government in that hour of our misfortunes and perils. He is one of the organ- izers and builders up of the great Southern Iowa Exposition at Oskaloosa, and he is a man of untiring energy, and if he is elected on this board I will guarantee for him he will give you his best energy in anything he undertakes, and he will perform it if it is within human ability to do so. And I take great pleasure in second- ing his nomination and would ask my friends to support Mr. Beman because I know what he is, ard I know what he will do if you place him on this board. I thank you. President Cameron: If there are no further nominations I will appoint Mr. E. W. Williams, Delaware County; Mr. Chas. H. Bar- ber of Cerro Gordo County; Mr. F. A. Gatch of Adair County, and Mr. E. A. Phillips of Jackson County as tellers. Gentlemen, you will prepare your ballots and as the name of the delegate is called by the Secretary, you will deposit your ballot with one of the tellers. The tellers reported the result of the ballot as follows : C. Ed Beman, 79 votes ; and E. H. Maytag, 40 votes. President Cameron : Mr. C. Ed Beman having received a majority of all votes cast, I declare him duly elected as a Director of the State Board of Agriculture for the ensuing two years. President Cameron : The next order of business will be the elec- tion of a Director from the Eighth District. F. E. Sheldon, Ringgold County: I wish to place in nomination the name of Mr. J. C. Beckner of Page County to succeed himself as a member of the State Board of Agriculture from the Eighth Dis- trict. B. W. Williams, Delaware County: I wish to second the nomina- tion of Mr. J. C. Beckner. There being no further nominations, Mr. Sheldon moved that the rules be suspended and that the Secretary be instructed to cast the entire vote of the convention for Mr. Beckner of Page County to succeed himself. The motion was seconded by Mr. Williams and carried. The Secretary announced that he had cast the entire vote of the convention for Mr. Beckner and the President declared Mr. Beck- ner duly elected to succeed himself as a Director on the State Board of Agriculture from the Eighth District. President Cameron: The next is the election of a Director from the Tenth District. 198 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III. R. J. Johnston, Humboldt County : I want to say just a word for the State Board of Agriculture. In the last fifty years there has not been over three or four years that I have not attended the Iowa State Fair, and I have known all of the Officers and Directors during this period. They have constituted the State Board of Agriculture. I want to say to you that it is the pride of my life that there never has been elected on this Board a man that has had one stain on his character or reputation. I was rather sorry to see my friend T. C. Legoe not elected again, but I want to offer a little advice to Mr. Legoe. It has been about twenty-six years since I served on this Board. I was the first President when it was made the State De- partment of Agriculture, and what I want to say is that I take my good wife every year and go to the state fair and I want Mr. Legoe to do the same. We have a man in the Tenth District who is a mem- ber of this Board and who comes up to all of these specifications, and I now take great pleasure in nominating Mr. Sears McHenry of Crawford County. C. P. Harvey, Crawford County : I rise to second the nomination of Mr. McHenry of Crawford County. There being no further nominations, Mr. Johnston moved that the rules be suspended and the Secretary be instructed to cast the entire vote of this convention for Mr. McHenry to succeed himself as a member of the State Board of Agriculture from the Tenth District. Motion was seconded by Mr. Harvey and the Secretary announced that he had so cast the vote of the convention for Mr. McHenry and the President declared Mr. McHenry duly elected to succeed himself as a member of the State Board of Agriculture from the Tenth Dis- trict for a term of two years. Mr. McHenry, Crawford County : I am grateful to my friend from Crawford County, as I am to all of my friends here in the convention. I can assure you that it has been a great pleasure for me to serve with the splendid men who have constituted the State Board of Agriculture for the last few years. It is a pleasure and honor to work with them. I have given my best endeavor and I as- sure you that it will be my pleasure to continue to do the best I can. I thank you. President Cameron : This completes the election of officers and directors of the State Board of Agriculture, and so far as I am ad- vised, the business of the convention. Chas. H. Barber, Cerro Gordo County, moved that the convention adjourn. Motion was duly seconded and carried. President Cameron: The convention will stand adjourned. PART IV Awards of the 1922 Iowa State Fair and Exposition HORSE DEPARTMENT Superintendent C. F. Curtiss, Ames, Iowa. PERCHERONS Exhibitors — Albert C. Adix, Ogden ; L. C. Altemeier, Newton ; M. C. Ames, Bros. & Sons, Mason City; M. C. Bitterman & Sons, Nora Springs; Fred L. Bitterman, Nora Springs; Cavitt and Lang, Mt. Sterling; A. F. Champlin, Ames; W. J. Dawson & Sons, Washta; Ward Dyer, Pleasantville; J. G. Ham- mer, Ames; E. P. Hamilton & Sons, Garden Grove; R. W. Hoit & Son, Beacon, R. R. No. 1; E. L. Humbert & Son, Corning; Holmes Bros., Milton; Iowa State College, Ames; W. L. Joy, Grand Junction; Frank Keenan & Son, Shenandoah; J. M. Kuhn, Ames; Lee Bros., Mitchellville; J. B. Mc- Millan, Rock Rapids; A. Rock Meints, Dixon; M. J. Nelson, Cambridge; J. C. Redman, Altoona; Rookwood Farm, Ames; W. W. Seeley, Stuart; Tom Skola, Slater; A. J. Stonebarger, Lone Tree; J. O. Singmaster & Son, Keota; Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm, Bushnell, 111.; K. A. Wilson, Norfolk. Judge Wm. Crownover, Hudson, Iowa. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50, $4'0, $30, $20, $10) — First, Ames Bros. & Sons on Irida 131693; second, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Thomas 132542; third, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Triumph 149699; fourth, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Reboutex 132832; fifth, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Maple Grove Trojan 138951. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Coco 153092; second, A. L. Champlin on Ames Kronpring 154049; third, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Guy Olbert 151509; fourth, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Moniteur 154008; fifth, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Seigle 151820. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Fairholme Lagota Jalap 157209; second, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Knapp 158618; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Jascenter 159393; fourth, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Olbertan 159385; fifth, Frank Keenan & Son on Sans Pariel Jalon 156076. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. G. Hanmer on Ames Jalap 172243; second, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Harry 165752; third, Frank Keenan & Son on Jalo 165100; fourth, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Abe 165757; fifth, L. C. Altemier on Maltais Wayne 166954. NATIONAL PERCHERON BREEDERS' FUTURITY Stallions ($70, $60, $50, $45, $40, $35, $30, $25, $20, $18, $15, $12) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Wonder 170861; second, J. C. Red- man on Harvester; third, R. W. Hoit & Son on Selim; fourth, Holmes Bros., on Tulip; fifth, J. C. Redman on Lollard; sixth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Pompey's Bruno; seventh, Holmes Bros., on Tulin; eighth, A. J. Stonebarger on Superior; ninth, Lee Bros, on Leaside Lagnon; tenth, W. W. Seeley on Brilliant F.; eleventh, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Ikey Boy; twelfth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Isaie Aurore. 200 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Stallion Foal ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Holmes Bros., on Toulon II; second, Lee Bros., on La Vernon; third, Ames Bros. & Sons on Irida's Boy Wonder; fourth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Isaie Bud; fifth, L. C. Altemeier on Maltas Claras. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Smith Creek May 138775; second, Ames Bros. & Sons on Queen Mallais 138544; third, Ames Bros. & Sons on Diamond 2d 146839; fourth, Frank Keenan & Son on Keota Lassie 133143; fifth, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Surprise 83742. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Pearl 150675; second, Ames Bros. & Sons on Lady Jalap 152897; third, R. W. Hoit & Son on Juno 146584; fourth, Albert C. Adix on Morie 153807; fifth, R. W. Hoit & Son on Sadie 150626. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. C. Redman on Heritage 161214; second, R. W. Hoit & Son on Marments 156326; third, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Ivy 158912; fourth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Frances Jr. 154847; fifth, E. L. Humbert & Son on Weldon Clair 156683. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three $50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Cartelina 165753; second, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Maple Grove Daisy 165749; third, A. J. Stonebarger & Son on Beauty 165892; fourth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Maxine 166708; fifth, R. W. Hoit & Sons on Grace 167352. NATIONAL PERCHERON BREEDERS' FUTURITY Filly ($70, $60, $50, $45, $40, $35, $30, $25, $20, $18, $15, $12) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Sunrise 170855; second, R. W. Hoit & Son on Roselta; third, Fred L. Bitterman on Black Beauty; fourth, Jesse M. Kuhn on Adelaide; fifth, Lee Bros, on Lamaxine; sixth, Iowa State College on Thelma; seventh, E. L. Humbert & Son on Mable Olbert; eighth, A. J. Stonebarger on Mable; ninth, Ames Bros. & Sons on Ethel L. ; tenth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Junella 167288; eleventh, E. L. Hum- bert & Son on Merigold; twelfth, W. J. Dawson & Sons on Queen. Mare Foal $50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Juliet; second, Holmes Bros, on Myrtle; third, Ernest L. Humbert & Son on Gwendoline 172473; fourth, Lee Bros, on La Verna; fifth, Ames Bros. & Sons on Lady Japalac. Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Sons on Maple Grove Wonder; reserve, J. G. Hanmer on Ames Jalap. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Maple Grove Coco; reserve, A. L. Champlin on Ames Kronpring. Grand Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Maple Grove Coco; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Wonder. Junior Champion 3Iare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Maple Grove Cartelina; reserve, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Juliet. Senior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Smith Creek May; reserve, E. L. Humbert & Son on Pearl. Grand Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Maple Grove Cartelina; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Smith Creek May. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Coco; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Wonder. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 201 MAPLE GROVE COCO Grand Champion Pereheron Stallion. Singmaster & Son, Keota, Iowa. Champion Mare Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple Grove Cartelina; reserve, J. O. Sing-master & Son on Smith Creek May. Get of Sire, Three Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First. J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, R. W. Hoit & Son; third, J. G. Hanmer; fourth, L. C. Altemeier; fifth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons. Produce of Mare, Two Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, Ames Bros. & Sons; third, L. C. Altemeier; fourth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; fifth, Ernest L. Humbert & Son. Stallion and Three Mares Under Three, Bred by Exhibitor ($40, $30, $20. $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, R. W. Hoit & Son; third, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; fourth, W. J. Dawson & Sons; fifth, M. C. Bitter- man & Sons. Stallion and Three Mares, Any Age ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, Ames Bros. & Sons; third, Ernest L.Humbert & Son; fourth, R. W. Hoit & Son; fifth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons. Five Stallions (Ribbon) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son. Premier Breeders' Prize (to the breeder of animal winning the largest amount in prizes in the Pereheron classes; Special Premier Breeders' Champion Ribbon or Banner) — J. O. Singmaster & Son. Exhibitor's Prize (to the exhibitor of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Pereheron classes; Special Premier Breeder's Champion Ribbon or Banner) — J. O. Singmaster & Son. BELGIANS Exhibitors — J. Aug. Carlson, Ogden ; H. J. Claussen, Ogden ; Wm. Claussen, Davenport; W. B. Donelson, Ogden; Albert Doerder. Boone; C. G. Good, Ogden; H. Graban, Boone; Iowa State College, Ames; Chas. Irvine, Ankeny; 202 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV J. W. Kerr, Mt. Sterling; A. L. Lansing, Perry; G. E. Muench, Ogden; Simon Peterson, Ogden; J. C. Ritchie, Stratford; Leonard M. Williams, Redfield, Box 167; K. A. "Wilson, Norwalk. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50) — First, Wm. Claussen on Ju- piter 8936. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($50, $40) — First, Albert Doer- der on Jumbo 12339; second, Chas. Irvine on Al De Bree 11696. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, C. G. Good on Echodale Farceur 12123; second, Chas. Irvine on King 12295; third, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Pride 11998; fourth, W. B. Donelson on Farceurs Hero 12023; fifth, Chas. Irvine on Mike Jr. 11667. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Simon Peterson on Farceurs King 12477; second, Chas. Irvine on Irvine- dale Hi 12489; third, Aug. J. Carlson on Belmont Farceur 12579; fourth, Albert Doerder on Tonie 12644. NATIONAL DRAFT HORSE BREEDERS' FUTURITY Stallions ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale King; second, G. E. Muench on Farceur's Successor; third, W. B. Donelson on Farceur's Crown; fourth, C. G. Good & Son on Farceur's Magnet; fifth, Iowa State College on Belmont; sixth, Leonard Williams on Irvinedale Jupiter 12812; seventh, C. G. Good & Son on Farceur's Cadet; eighth, G. E. Muench on Farceur de Lemon; ninth, J. W. Kerr on Pat Farceur. Stallion Foal ($40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Alfred; second, A. L. Lansing on Ideal Distrait; third, J. W. Kerr on Prince Farceur; fourth, H. B. Graban; fifth, Aug. J. Carlson on Belmont Jupiter 3217. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, C. G. Good on Paramount Lulu 6014; second, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Rica 5294; third, Aug. J. Carlson on Lavonne De Rossa 3217; fourth, C. G. Good on Civette 3065; fifth, J. W. Kerr on Bessie. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five ($40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, H. G. Graban on Grace 7349; second, J. W. Kerr on June 6708; third, H. J. Claussen on Cartel du Escadron 7469; fourth, Chas. Irvine on Diane 7551; fifth, Albert Doerder on Lela 6905. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, C. G. Good on Farcetta 8185; second, C. G. Good on Farceuretta 8186; third, Albert Doerder on Lavonne 8335; fourth, A. L. Lansing on Flora Du Fosteau 8301; fifth, J. W. Kerr on Bee 8452. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, G. E. Muench on Queen Farceur 8841; second, J. A. Carlson on Belmont Minnie 9060; third, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Ricette 8869; fourth, Chas. Irvine on Springvale Letna 8898; fifth, Wm. Claussen on Mississippi Pearl, 8836. NATIONAL DRAFT HORSE BREEDERS' FUTURITY Filly ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10)— First, J. Aug. Carlson on Belmont Lozette; second, C. G. Good & Son on Farette; third, G. E. Muench; fourth, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Zetta; fifth, H. J. Claussen on Golda Farceur; sixth, Albert Doerder on Alvina; seventh, C. G. Good & Son on Farletta; eighth, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Onida; ninth, G. E. Muench on Farce May. Mare Foal ($40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, H. J. Claussen on Bonnie De Farceur; second, C. G. Good & Son; third, C. G. Good & Son; fourth, J. W. Kerr on Ina; fifth, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Civette. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 203 ECHODALE FARCEUR Grand Champion Belgian Stallion. C. G. Good & Son, Ogden, Iowa. Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Simon Peter- son on Farceurs King 12477; reserve, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale King. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good on Echodale Farceur 12123; reserve, Albert Doerder on Jumbo 12339. Grand Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good on Echodale Farceur 12123; reserve, Simon Peterson on Farceurs King. Junior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. E. Muench on Queen Farceur 8841; reserve, J. Aug. Carlson on Belmont Lovette. Senior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good on Farcetta 8185; reserve, C. G. Good on Paramount Lulu 6014. Grand Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. E. Muench on Queen Farceur 8841; reserve, C. G. Good on Farcetta 8185. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good on Echodale Farceur 12123; reserve, Simon Peterson on Farceur's King 12477. Champion Mare Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. E. Muench on Queen Farceur 8841; reserve, C. G. Good on Farcetta 8185. Get of Sire, Three Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, C. G. Good & Son; second, G. E. Muench; third, C. G. Good & Son; fourth, Chas. Irvine; fifth, H. J. Claussen. Produce of Mare, Two Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First' C. G. Good; second, C. G. Good; third, G. E. Muench; fourth, C. G. Good; fifth, Chas. Irvine. Grand Stallion (stallion and three mares, under three, bred by exhibitor; $40, $30, $20) — First, Chas. Irvine; second, C. G. Good; third, Wm. Claussen. 204 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Stallion and Three Mares, Any Age ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10)— First, C. G. Good; second, Chas. Irvine; third, G. E. Muench; fourth, Albert Doerder; fifth, J. W. Kerr. Five Stallions (Ribbon) — First, Chas. Irvine. BREEDERS' PRIZES Premier Breeder's Prises (to the breeder of animals winning- the largest amount in prizes in the Belgian classes; Special Premier Breeder's Cham- pion Ribbon or Banner) — Chas. Irvine. Exhibitor's Prize (to the exhibitor of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Belgian classes; Special Premier Exhibitor's Cham- pion Ribbon or Banner) — C. G. Good & Son. ENGLISH SHIRES Exhibitors — V. Mildred Cooke, Webster City ; Ward Dyer, Pleasantville ; E. P. Hamilton & Sons, Garden Grove; J. L. Howard, Ankeny; F. A. Hud- dlestun, Webster City; Tom Skola, Slater; M. H. Smiley, Dallas Center; Smith Bros., Route 5, Des Moines; Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm, Bushnell, 111.; H. Vann & Son, Overbrook, Kans.; C. L. Waltz, Creston. Judge Thomas R. Holbert, Greeley, Iowa. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Milestone Quadrant 19013; second, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Morbury Bohemian 19011; third, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Daniel Vulcan 16704. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($50) — First, Ward Dyer on Royal Charm 18462. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, F. A. Huddlestun on British Flagg II 18663; second, Tom Skola on Tatton King 18772; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Royal Tipton 18798; fourth, H. Vann & Son on Royal Wrydelands Friar 18824. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, F. A. Huddleston on Tatton Dray King II 19111; second, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Klockinge Sailor Emmanuel 19082; third, M. H. Smiley on Queen's Royal Grey 18999; fourth, C. L. Waltz on Harlston 19167. NATIONAL SHIRE BREEDERS' FUTURITY Stallion ($50, $40, $35, $25) — First, Smith Bros, on American Model; second, J. L. Howard on Bold Conqueror; third, C. L. Waltz on Blucher; fourth, C. L. Waltz on Creston Archy. Stallion Foal ($40, $30, $20) — First, Smith Bros, on Bold Prince; second, Smith Bros, on Feathermore; third, H. Vann & Son on Wrydelands Recruit. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, F. A. Huddle- stun on Zelda May 13258; second, F. A. Huddlestun on Moulton Mae 17775; third, J. L. Howard on Favorite Duchess 14273; fourth, F. A. Huddlestun on Mathel 17186. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five ($40) — First, Smith Bros, on Mercedes 18493. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, Tru- man's Pioneer Stud Farm on Come Again 18920; second, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Heatherbloom 18921; third, F. A. Huddlestun on Edgewood Luceil 18662; fourth, F. A. Huddlestun on Edgewood Sunset 18659. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, Tru- man's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond 18959; second, J. L. Howard on Severn's Easter Eve 19019; third, J. L. Howard on Royal Belle Eve 19076; fourth, H. Vann & Son on Betsey. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 205 NATIONAL SHIRE BREEDERS' FUTURITY Filly ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20) — First, Smith Bros, on Miss Sunshine; second, V. Mildred Cooke on V. Erste Flag; third, F. A. Huddlestun on Mary Belle B.; fourth, Smith Bros, on Rolled Stockings; fifth, E. P. Ham- ilton & Sons on Florence Funk 19396. Mare Foal ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, F. A. Huddlestun on Mildred C; second, V. Mildred Cooke on V. Marigold Flag; third, J. L. Howard; fourth, H. Vann & Son on White Hall Lady. Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. A. Hud- dlestun on Tatton Dray King 19111; reserve, Smith Bros, on American Model. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Miles Stone Quadrant 19013; reserve, F. A. Hud- dlestun on British Flag 18663. TATTON DRAY KING Grand Champion Shire Stallion. F. A. Huddleston, Webster City, Iowa. Grand Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. A. Hud- dleston on Tatton Dray King 19111; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Milestone Quadrant 19013. Junior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond; reserve, Smith Bros, on Miss Sunshine. Senior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Come Again; reserve, F. A. Huddlestun on Zelda May. Grand Champion Mare ($25. Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Come Again. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. A. Huddlestun on Tatton Dray King 19111; reserve, Smith Bros, on American Model. 206 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Champion Mare Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. A. Huddlestun on Zelda May; reserve, Smith Bros, on Miss Sunshine. Get of Sire, Three Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15 — First, Smith Bros.; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third, F. A. Huddlestun; fourth, H. Vann & Son. Produce of Mare, Two Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, Smith Bros.; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third, F. A. Huddlestun; fourth, J. L. Howard. Stallion and Three Mares Under Three, Bred by Exhibitor ($40, $30, $20) — First, Smith Bros.; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third, H. Vann & Son. Stallion and Three Mares, Any Age ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third, Smith Bros.; fourth, H. Vann & Son. Five Stallions (Ribbon) — Truman's Stud Farm. Premier Breeder's Prize (to breeder of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Shire classes; Special Breeder's Champion Ribbon or Banner) — Smith Bros. Exhibitor's Prize (to exhibitor of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Shire classes; Special Premier Exhibitor's Ribbon or Ban- ner)— F. A. Huddlestun. SPECIAL PRIZES Offered by the Shire Horse Society of Great Britain. Best Shire Stallion or Colt (Silver Medal) — F. A. Huddlestun on Tatton Dray King. Best Shire Mare or Filly (Silver Medal) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond. Champion Shire Stallion, Any Age (Silver Trophy) — F. A. Huddlestun on Tatton Dray King. Champion Shire Mare, Any Age (Silver Trophy) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond. SPECIAL PRIZES Offered by the Shire Horse. Society of Great Britain and the American Shire Horse Association. Grade Mares or Geldings Sired hy Registered Shire Horses ($100, $75, $50, $40, $30) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Hobson; second, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Lockinge; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Jack; fourth, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Jim; fifth, Geo. F. Huston, Waukee, on Flora. Grade Shire Team in Harness ($100) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Hobson and Lockinge. CLYDESDALES Exhibitors — F. L. Anderson, Ross, Iowa ; Iowa State College, Ames ; G. W. Merna, Wyoming; J. G. Sage & Sons, Gilman; B. C. Stringham, Dexter. Judge Andrew McFarlane, Palo, Iowa. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50) — First, G. W. Merna on Proud Archer 20041. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($50) — First, Iowa State College on Peers Stamp 21254. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50) — First, J. G. Sage & Son on Charming Archer 21247. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 207 NATIONAL, BREEDERS' FUTURITY Stallion ($50, $40, $35, $25) — First, G. W. Merna on Archers Orphan; second, Iowa State College on Criterions Last; third, F. L. Anderson on Lofty Peer; fourth, J. G. Sage & Sons on Farmer Boy. Stallion Foal ($40, $30) — First, B. C. String-ham on Three Star; second, J. G. Sage & Son on Sulton Peer. 3Iare Five Years Old and Over ($40, $30, $20) — First, F. L. Anderson on Cedric Baroness 20649; second, G. TV. Merna on Samudas Violet 17936; third, B. C. Stringham on Queen 22226. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five ($40) — J. G. Sage & Son on Hildred Chief 20446. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, G. TV. Merna on Lady Archer 21334; second, J. G. Sage & Son on Cambridge Rose 21442; third, J. G. Sage & Son on Lou Dillion II 21450; fourth, J. G. Sage & Son on Dorothy Peer 21502. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($40, $30, $20, $15)— First, G. W. Merna on Hayfield Diamond 21760; second, G. TV. Merna on Archers Maid 21717; third, J. G. Sage & Son on Theda Peer 21968; fourth, J. G. Sage & Son on Maggie Topaz 21870. NATIONAL BREEDERS' FUTURITY Filly ($5'0, $40, $35, $25, $20, $10) — First, Iowa State College on College Queen; second, Iowa State College on College Beauty 22013; third, Iowa State College on Criterions Lady; fourth, J. G. Sage & Sons on Freda Peer; fifth, G. TV. Merna on Archers Bud; sixth, F. L. Anderson on Dorothy's Queen. Mare Foal ($40, $30, $20) — First, F. L. Anderson on Mare Foal; second, G. TV. Merna on Lassie; third, J. G. Sage & Sons on May Archer. ¥ &M. i- -,-M^ %■■ -■*: ■;/■■ : Ms;;* m» * : :j 1, - PROUD ARCHER Grand Champion Clydesdale Stallion. G. W. Merna, Wyoming, 111. 208 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. W. Merna on Archer's Orphan; reserve, B. C. String-ham on Three Star. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. W. Merna on Proud Archer; reserve, J. G. Sage & Sons on Charming- Archer. Grand Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon)- — Champion, G. W. Merna on Proud Archer; reserve, J. G. Sage & Sons on Charming Archer. Junior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. W. Merna on Hayfield Diamond; reserve, Iowa State College on College Queen. Senior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. W. Ander- son on Cedric Baroness; reserve, G. W. Merna on Lady Archer. Grand Champion 3Iare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, P. L. Anderson on Cedric Baroness; reserve, G. W. Merna on Lady Archer. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. G. Sage & Son on Charming Archer; reserve, B. C. Stringham on Three Star. Champion Mare Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. L. Anderson on Cedric Baroness; reserve, Iowa State College on College Queen. Get of Sire, Three Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, J. G. Sage & Sons; second, G. W. Merna; third, Iowa State College; fourth, J. G. Sage & Sons. Produce of Mare, Two Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, G. W. Merna; second, G. W. Merna; third, J. G. Sage & Sons; fourth, F. L. Anderson. Grand Display (stallion and three mares under three bred by exhibitor; $40, $30) — First, Iowa State College; second, G. W. Merna. Stallion and Three Mares, Any Age ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, G. W. Merna; second, F. L. Anderson; third, J. G. Sage & Sons; fourth, G. W. Merna. Premier Breeder's Prize (to breeder winning the largest amount in prizes in the Clydesdale classes; Special Premier Breeder's Champion Ribbon or Banner) — H. H. Ford, Storm Lake. Exhibitor's Prize (to exhibitors of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Clydesdale classes; Special Premier Exhibitor's Champion Ribbon or Banner) — G. W. Merna. DRAFT GELDINGS AND MARES Exhibitors — M. C. Bitterman & Sons, Nora Springs ; Wm. Claussen, Daven- port; W. J. Dawson & Sons, Washta; E. C. Eaton, Humeston; Holmes Bros., Milton; Geo. F. Huston, Waukee; Chas. Irvine, Ankeny; J. W. Kerr, Mt. Sterling; John Logan, care Wortham Shows, Detroit, Mich.; M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha, Nebr.; J. C. Ritchie, Stratford; Swift & Company, Chicago, 111.; A. J. Stonebarger, Lone Tree. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Gelding or Mare Four Years Old or Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Albert Doerder on Phelix; second, Holmes Bros, on Vesta; third, Geo. F. Huston on Flora; fourth, A. J. Stonebarger & Son on Jim. Gelding or Mare Two Years and Under Three ($50) — First, Geo. F. Huston on Black Topsy. Gelding or Mare One Year and Under Two ($50, $40) — First, Geo. F. Huston on Jerry; second, W. J. Dawson & Son on Dick. Horse or Filly Foal ($50, $40, $30) — First, Holmes Bros, on Tuffy; sec- ond, E. C. Eaton on Mutt; third, E. C. Eaton on Jeff. Farmer's Team ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, F. A. Huddlestun; second, Ames Bros. & Sons; third, J. W. Kerr; fourth, Holmes Bros. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 209 Gelding- or Mare Three Years or Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Tru- man's Pioneer Stud Farm on Hobson; second, M. C. Peters Mill Co. on Blucher; third, Swift & Co. on Joe; fourth, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Lockinge. Draft Team in Harness ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm; second, Swift & Co.; third, M. C. Peters Mill Co.; fourth Swift & Co. Champion Gelding or Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Hobson; reserve, M. C. Peters Mill Co. on Blucher. Four Horse Team ($150) — Swift & Company. Six Horse Team ($150) — Swift & Company. Stable Manager's Prize (to managers and superintendents of the stables winning- the greatest number of ribbons either blue, red, white or pink, in draft horse division, $25, $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, C. G. Good & Son; third, F. A. Huddlestun. Stable Decorations (for best stable decoration, neatest and most attrac- tive draft horse exhibit, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son, second, R. W. Hoit & Son; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm; fourth, Frand Huddlestun. First Prize Farm Team. F. A. Huddleston, Webster City, Iowa. HORSE SHOW DIVISION HARNESS AND SADDLE HORSES Exhibitors — Jesse J. Bass, care Omaha Riding Academy, Omaha, Neb. ; Thos. Bass, Mexico, Mo.; L. D. Berry, 5109 Emerson Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn.; D. H. Buxton and Daughters, Des Moines; Mrs. John A. Cavanagh, 315 37th St., Des Moines; Loula Dong Combs, Lees Summit, Mo.; Smith Crane, Omaha Riding Academy, Omaha, Neb.; A. L. Champlin, Ames; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, 111.; Raleigh Fry, Colo; H. F. Griffin, Riverside; 14 210 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV J. H. Hogan, Des Moines; Gertrude B. Hardt, Chicago, 111.; Sarah Meyers Hedges, 334 Century Bldg., Des Moines; Geo. A. Heyl, Washington, 111.; Grover Hubbell, Des Moines; John E. Kirbye, Jr., Des Moines; T. W. LeQuatte, Des Moines; Mrs. T. W. LeQuatte, Des Moines; Hazel Logan, care Wortham Shows, Detroit, Mich.; Dr. Wilton McCarthy, Des Moines; Fay L. McCarthy, Des Moines; W. W. Maple, Des Moines; Mr. and Mrs. Billy Miller, 315 W. Ninth St., Des Moines; C. E. Monahan, 1610 East Grand, Des Moines; E. D. Moore, Des Moines; R. G. Mundy, Des Moines; E. W. Nash, Omaha Riding Academy, Omaha, Neb.; W. J. O'Brien, 2223 Cleve- land Ave., Chicago, 111.; R. W. Parrott, care Brown Hotel, Des Moines; Bruce Robinson, Osceola; Francis Sterling, Des Moines; B. C. Stringham, Dexter; Charles Van Studdiford, St. Louis, Mo. ( E. A. Trowbridge, Columbia, Mo. ) Walter Palmer, San Jose, Calif. ROADSTERS. Stallion, Mare or Gelding ($50, $40, $30, $10) — First, Loula Long Combs on Blackie Girl; second, C. E. Monahan on Jessie Albingen; third, John E. Kir- bye, Jr., on Teddy Shea; fourth, Bruce Robinson on Princess Reed. Pair Stallions, Mares or Geldings ($50) — First, Bruce Robinson on Prin- cess Reed & Mate. RUNABOUTS. Stallion, Mare or Gelding ($50, $40, $30, $10) — First, A. L. Champlin on Lady Lightfoot; second, Bruce Robinson on Broskie Dare 14461; third, Thos. Bass on High Brown; fourth, C. E. Monahan on Jessie Albingen. Pair Stallions, Mares or Geldings ($50, $40, $30) — First, A. L. Champlin on Lucky Boy and Mate; second, Bruce Robinson on King 1859; third, A. L. Champlin on Laddy Lightfoot and Tony. LADIES' TURNOUT. Single Mare or Gelding ($50, $40, $30, $10) — First, A. L. Champlin on High- ball; second, Earl M. Dixon on Forest King; third, A. L. Champlin on Prince of Greenhill Lady; fourth, Hazel Logan on Brilliant. Pair Mares or Geldings, or Mare and Gelding ($50, $40, $30, $10) — First, A. L. Champlin on Highball and Mate; second, A. L. Champlin on Tony and Mate; third, Earl M. Dixon on Forest King and Mate; fourth, A. L. Champ- lin on Lucky Boy and Mate. HIGH STEPPERS AND PARK HORSES Stallion, Mare or Gelding Under 15-2 ($50, $40, $30, $10) — First, Bruce Robinson on King 1859; second, Earl M. Dixon on Forest King; third, A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince; fourth, A. L. Champlin on Lady Greenhill. Stallion, Mare or Gelding 15-2 and Over ($50, $40) — First, A. L. Champlin on Highball; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Lightfoot. Pair Stallions, Mares or Geldings Under 15-2 ($50, $40, $30) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Forest King and Mate; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Green- hill and Mate; third, A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince and Mate. Pair Stallions, Mares or Geldings, 15-2 or Over ($50, $40) — First, A. L. Champlin on Highball and Mate; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Lightfoot and Mate. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Height, Horse Alone to be Considered ($50, $40, $30) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Forrest King; second, A. L. Champlin on Highball; third, A. L. Champlin on Prince of Greenhill Lady. GIG HORSES. Horses Under 15-2 ($50, $40) — First, A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Greenhill. Horses 15-2 or Over ($50, $40) — First, A. L. Champlin on Highball; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Lightfoot. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 211 TANDEMS. Tandem Team, Wheeler Over 15-2 ($50, $40, $30) — First, A. L. Champlin on Highball and Mate; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Lightfoot and Mate; third, A. L. Champlin on Prince of Greenhills Lady and Mate. Tandem Team, Wheeler Under 15-2 ($50) — First, A. L. Champlin on Pacto- lus Prince and Mate. Tandem Team, Any Size, Horses Alone to he Considered ($50, $40) — First, A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince and Mate; second, A. L. Champlin on Lady Lightfoot and Mate. STABLE MANAGER'S PRIZE. Managers or Superintendents of the Stahles Winning the Greatest Num- ber of Ribbons (either blue, red, white or pink in Harness or Saddle divi- sions; $25, $15, $10) — First, A. L. Champlin; second, Bruce Robinson; third, Loula Long Combs. STABLE DECORATIONS. For Best Stable Decoration (neatest and most attractive harness or saddle horse exhibit; $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Geo. N. Heyl; second, A. L. Champlin; third, John E. Kirbye Jr.; fourth, Earl M. Dixon. SADDLE HORSES. FIVE-GA1TED. Stallion, Four Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20)— First, Loula Long Combs on General Foch 8445; second, Bruce Robinson on Lonnie McDon- ald 7114; third, Thos. Bass on King; fourth, W. J. O'Brien on Chief Rich- lien. Mare, Four Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Tiger Rose 12972; second, Gertrude B. Hardt on Major's Aurelia 12955; third, Thos. Bass on Francis King; fourth, W. J. O'Brien on Rose Chieftain. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40) — First, Bruce Robin- son on Broskie Dare 14466; second, Thos. Bass on Nancie Reed. Gelding Four Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Miracle Man; second, E. D. Moore on Elmay; third, Thos. Bass on Over the Top; fourth, W. J. O'Brien on Ed. McDonald. Pair Five-Gaited Saddle Horses (Mares or Geldings Property of Exhib- itor) Ridden by Gentleman and Lady ($50, $4u, $30, $20) — First, Gertrude B. Hardt on Golden Flash & Major's Aurelia; second, Bruce Robinson on Dorothy Dare and Missouri Queen; third, E. D. Moore on Elmay & Eva Arnold; fourth, R. G. Mundy on Rex & Royal Chester. $1,000 FIVE-GAITED SADDLE HORSE STAKE Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age ($250, $200, $150, $125, $100, $75, $60, $40) — First, Loula Long Combs on Tiger Rose 12972; second, E. D. Moore on Elmay; third, Gertrude B. Hardt on Major's Aurelia; fourth, Loula Long Combs on Judge Thurman; fifth, W. J. O'Brien on Ed. McDonald; sixth, Thos. Bass on >Over the Top; seventh, Bruce Robinson on Dorothy Dare 14189; eighth, Gertrude B. Hardt on Golden Flash. THREE-GAITED. Mare or Gelding, Any Age, 14-2 to 15 ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Tiney Peavine; second, Gertrude B. Hardt on Wonder Miss 13627; third, C. E. Monahan on Babie Monahan; fourth, John J. Kirbye on Freckles. Mare or Gelding, Any Age, 15 to 15-2 ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Susanna; second, Thos. Bass on Violet Thornton; third, W. J. O'Brien on Empress; fourth, E. D. Moore on Thornton Empress. 212 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Mare or Gelding, Any Age, 15-2 and Over, and up to Carrying 175 lbs. ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Bohemian Lass; second, W. J. O'Brien on Glitter; third, E. D. Moore on Prince of Dares; fourth, D. H. Buxton & Daughters on Missouri's Best 13579. Ladies' Saddle Horse, Lady Rider ($50, $40, $30, $20) First, W. J. O'Brien on Francis Starr; second, Francis Sterling on Best's Baby Doll 12956; third, Gertrude B. Hardt on Wonder Miss; fourth, E. D. Moore on Thornton Empress. Pair Three-Gaited Saddle Horses (Mares or Geldings, the Property of One Exhibitor) Ridden by Gentleman and Lady ($50, $40) — First, Bruce Robinson on Storm King and Dorothy Dare; second, E. D. Moore on Thornton Empress & Eva Arnold. $1,000 SADDLE HORSE STAKE, THREE-GAITED Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age ($250, $200, $150, $125, $100, $75, $60, $40) — First, Loula Long Combs on Susanna; second, Thos. Bass on Violet Thornton; third, E. D. Moore on Thornton Empress; fourth, Loula Long Combs on Bohemian Girl; fifth, Gertrude B. Hardt on Wonder Miss; sixth, W. J. O'Brien on Empress; seventh, Gertrude B. Hardt on Rulsay; eighth, Mrs. John Cavanagh on Midnight Flapper. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age, Five-Gaited ($50, $40, $30, $10) — First, Loula Long Combs on General Foch 8445; second, E. D. Moore on Elmay; third, Gertrude B. Hardt on Golden Flash; fourth, Thos. Bass uo Over the Top. COMBINED HARNESS AND SADDLE HORSES. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age, Three-Gaited ($50, $40, $3 0, $10) — First, E. D. Moore on Thornton Empress; second, Loula Long Combs on Susanna; third, W. J. O'Brien on Glitter; fourth, Thos. Bass on Violet Thornton. HIGH SCHOOL HORSES. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Thos. Bass on Bell Beach; second, Hazel Logan on Rambler; third, Bruce Robinson on Abraham No. 1; fourth, Hazel Logan on Brilliant. LOCAL OWNED IN IOWA. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Five-Gaited, Three Years or Older ($35, $25, $20, $10) — First, Bruce Robinson on Lonnie McDonald 7114; second, John H. Hogan on Golden Lad; third, Fay L. McCarthy on Premier McDonald 8070; fourth, Bruce Robinson on Dorothy Dare 14189. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Tbree-Gaited, Three Years or Over ($35, $25, $20, $10) — First, Bruce Robinson on Dorothy Dare 14189; second, Grover Hubbell on Bonnie Bluse; third, Mrs. John A. Cavanagh on Midnight Flapper; fourth, D. H. Buxton & Daughter on Missouri's Best 13579. AMATEUR CLASS, RIDDEN BY OWNER. Stallion, Mare or Gelding ($35, $25, $20, $10) — First, Francis Sterling on Bests' Baby Doll 12956; second, Mr. and Mrs. Billy Miller on Mahogany Lad; third, T. W. LeQuatte on Votes for Women 13203 > fourth, D. PI. Buxton & Daughters on Missouri's Best 13579. HACKNEY. Stallion Four Years or Over ($40) — First, A. L. Champlin on Brigham Radiant 873. Stallion or Mare Foal ($20, $15) — First, A. L. Champlin on mare foal; second, A. L. Champlain on Mare Foal. Yeld Mare Four Years or Over ($40, $25, $15) — First, A. L. Champlin on Lady Greenhill 3281; second, Earl M. Dixon on Rosemary; third, A. L. Champlin on Prince of Greenhill's Lady 3184. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 213 Brood Mare, With Foal at Side ($25) — First, A. L. Champlin on Fair' Eliza & Foal 3182. Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, A. L. Champlin on Lady Greenhill; reserve, Earl M. Dixon on Rosemary. PONIES. Exhibitors — Frank Brideson, Bayard ; George Brideson, Panora ; Kenneth Burkhardt, Guthrie Center; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, 111.; Geo. A. Heyl, "Washington, 111.; Chas. Irvine, Ankeny; Bruce Robinson, Osceola; Paul Smith, 1433 Lyon St., Des Moines; Francis Sterling, Des Moines; Arthur E. Warren, Route 2, Des Moines; D. G. Welty, Nevada; F. R. Wilson, Colo; Grant Young, Bondurant. Judge J. G. Hammer, Ames, Iowa. WELSH PONIES. Stallion Four Years or Over ($25) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Model. Stallion Two Years, Under Three ($25) — First, D. G. Welty on Sir Shaddy. Stallion or Mare Foal ($25, $15) — First, Francis Sterling; second, D. G. Walty. Mare Four Years Old or Over ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Lady Go Bang 954; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Gwindy Jewel 971; third, Earl M. Dixon on Dainty; fourth, Francis Sterling on Lynette of Montrose 984. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $15) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Gwindy Beauty; second, D. G. Welty on Firefly. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($25) — First, D. G. Welty on White Eyes. Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl M. Dixon on Model; reserve, D. G. Welty on Sir Shaddy. Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, D. G. Welty on Lady Go Bang; reserve, Geo. A. Heyl on Gwindy Beauty. Stallion and Three Mares ($25) — First, D. G. Welty. SHETLAND PONIES. Stallion Four Years Old and Over ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent 18892; second, Earl M. Dixon on Masterpiece; third, D. G. Welty on Locust J. 16600; fourth, A. E. Warren on Black Beauty. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $15, $10) — First, Francis Sterling on Arfstocrat; second, Geo. Brideson on Jim Boy 18473; third, F. R. Wilson on Toy K. 18500. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Francis Sterling on Blackhawk; second, D. G. Welty on Prince A. 19231; third, F. R. Wilson on Pride of Linwood 18392; fourth, F. R. Wilson. Stallion or Mare Foal ($25, $15, $10, $5)— First, D. G. Welty; second, F. R. Wilson; third, Francis Sterling on Boston's Benjamin; fourth, Frank Brideson. Mare Four Years Old or Over ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna D.; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Hamilton Old Rose 18313; third. D. G. Welty on Romping Flash; fourth, D. G. Welty on Princess Welcome* Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Hamilton Larigo's Best; second, Earl M. Dixon on Fire Nigrht- third, D. G. Welty on Star O" West; fourth, Grant Young on May. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Sonora; second, Francis Sterling on Columbia Cole 19074; third D. G. Welty on Priscilla's Pride; fourth, Grant Young on Pearl. Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent; reserve, Earl M. Dixon on Master Piece. 214 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR -BOOK— PART IV Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna D. ; reserve, D. G. Welty on Larigo's Best. Grand Display, Stallion and Three 3Iares ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; second, Earl M. Dixon; third, Francis Sterling. HACKNEY PONIES. Stallion Four Years Old or Over ($25, $15, $10) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Trillo Supreme 2330; second, Francis Sterling on Lammermoor King 1859; third, Geo. A. Heyl on Dilhampton. Mare Four Years Old and Over ($25, $15, $10.) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Dinarth Bell 3242; second, D. G. Welty on Consuello 3298; third, Geo. A. Heyl on Rougham Ladas 3238. Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Geo. A. Heyl on Trillo Supreme; reserve, Francis Sterling on Lammermoor King. Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Geo. A. Heyl on Dinarth Bell; reserve, D. G. Welty on Consuello. PONIES IN HARNESS. Pony Inder 10% Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna D. ; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Hamilton Old Rose; third, Francis Sterling on Ola Larigo; fourth, Francis Sterling on Aristocrat. Pair Ponies Under 10% Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on King Larigo and Hamilton Old Rose; second, D. G. Welty on Larigos Best and Kensetta; third, Francis Sterling on Aristocrat and Bonnie; fourth, Earl M. Dixon on Masterpiece and Ovilta. Pony 10% to liy2 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent; second, Earl M. Dixon on Lord Fauntleroy; third, Francis Ster- ling; fourth, D. G. Welty on Romping Flash. Pair Ponies 10y2 to liy2 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent and Princess Welcome; second, Francis Sterling on Nip and Tuck; third, Earl M. Dixon on Lord Fauntleroy and Suzanna D. ; fourth, Earl M. Dixon on Ruthie and Fire Night. Pony liy2 to 12y2 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Model; second, Earl M. Dixon on Dixon's Pattern; third, D. G. Welty on Lady Go Bang; fourth, Geo. A. Heyl on Heyl's Pride. Pair Ponies 11% to 12y2 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Gwindy Beauty and Heyl's Pride; second, Earl M. Dixon on Model and Dixon's Pattern; third, D. G. Welty on Lady Go Bang and Sir Shaddy; fourth, Francis Sterling on Lynette and Babe. Pony 12y2 to 13y2 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Trillo Supreme; second, Earl M. Dixon on Dainty; third, D. G. Welty on Con- suello; fourth, Geo. A. Heyl on Dilhampton. Pair Ponies 12y2 to 13y2 Hands ($25, $15, $10) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Trillo Supreme and Dinarth Bell; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Royal Flash and Peggy Brennin; third, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue and Dainty. Pony 13y2 to 14% Hands ($25, $15) — First, Francis Sterling; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Rougham Ladas. Tandem Team Under 12y2 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Model and Dixon's Pattern; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Gwindy Beauty and Heyl's Pride; third, D. G. Welty on Romping Flash and Prin- cess Welcome; fourth, Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna D. and Ruthie. Tandem Team Over 12% Hands ($25, $15) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Trillo Supreme and Dinarth Bell; second, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue and Dainty. Four-in-Hand Under 12% Hands ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; sec- ond, Francis Sterling; third, Earl M. Dixon. Four-in-Hand Over 12% Hands ($25, $15) — First, Earl M. Dixon; second, Geo. A. Heyl. Champion Harness Pony ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl M. Dixon on Model; reserve, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 215 Champion Pair Harness Ponies ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent and Princess Welcome; reserve, Francis Sterling on Gwindy Beauty and Heyl's Pride. PONIES UNDER SADDLE. Saddle Pony 10y2 to liy2 Hands ($15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Princess Welcome; second, Francis Sterling on Nip; third, Francis Ster- ling on Tuck. Saddle Pony Under 10y2 Hands ($15, $10, $5) — First, Francis Sterling on Ola Larigo; second, D. G. Welty on Larigo's Best; third, Francis Ster- ling on Bonnie. Saddle Pony liy2 to 12y2 Hands ($15, $10, $5) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Gwindy Beauty; second, Francis Sterling on Le Nett; third, Geo. Bride- son on Dolly. Saddle Pony 12% to 13y2 Hands ($15, $10, $5) — First, Geo. A. Heyl on Peggy Brennin; second, Geo. A. Heyl on Royal Flash; third, F. R. Wilson. Saddle Pony 13y2 to 14y2 Hands ($15) — First, Francis Sterling on Major. Champion Saddle Pony ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Geo. A. Heyl on Royal Flash; reserve, D. G. Welty on Princess Welcome. STABLE MANAGERS' PRIZE. Managers or Superintendents of the Stables Winning the Greatest Num- ber of Ribbons (either blue, red, white or pink, in pony classes $25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; second, Geo. A. Heyl; third, E. M. Dixon. STABLE DECORATIONS. For Best Stable Decorations (neatest and most attractive pony exhibit; $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; second, Earl M. Dixon; third, Francis Sterling; fourth, F. R. Wilson. MULES. Exhibitors — Bert Barnett, Gallatin, Mo. ; Ira Benton, Bondurant ; Wyatt Carr and Son, Collins; Clyde Collins, Dallas Center; Holmes Bros., Milton; John Hubly, Mason City, 111.; Thos. E. Hughes, Knoxville; F. L. Hutson & Son, State Center; J. W. Lisle, Jamaica. Judge E. A. Trowbridge, Columbia, Mo. Mules Four Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, F. L. Hutson & Son; third, F. L. Hutson & Son; fourth, J. W. Lisle on Ruby. Mules Over Three, Under Four ($25, $20, $10) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, F. L. Hutson & Son; third, Thos. E. Hughes. Mules Over Two, UndeT Three ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, J. W. Lisle on Molly; second, Clyde Collins; third, Ira C. Benton; fourth, Ira C. Benton. Mules Over 1 and Under Two ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, Thos. E. Hughes; third, F. L. Hutson & Son; fourth, Thos. E. Hughes. Mule Colt Under One Year Old ($25) — First, Holmes Bros, on Gyp. Mules Over 13 Hands ($25, $20, $15, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, F. L. Hutson & Son; third, J. W. Lisle on Molly; fourth, F. L. Hutson & Son. Mule Under 15 Hands ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son', second, F. L. Hutson & Son; third, F. L. Hutson & Son; fourth, F. L. Hutson & Son. Pair Mules Over 2,400 Pounds to Be Shown in Harness ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second. J. W. Lisle on Ruby and Topsy; third, F. L. Hutson & Son; fourth, Thos. E. Hughes. 216 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Pair Mules Over 2,400 Pounds to Be Shown in Harness ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, J. W. Lisle on Ruby and Topsy; third, F. L. Hutson & Son; fourth, Thos. E. Hughes. Pair Mules Under 2,400 Pounds to Be Shown in Harness ($25, $20) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, F. L. Hutson & Son. Tandem Team ($25) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son. Four Mule Team ($25, $15, $10) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, J. W. Lisle on Topsy and Bess; third, Thos. E. Hughes. Five Mules, Any Age ($25, $15, $10) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, J. W. Lisle; third, Thos. E. Hughes. Champion Mules, Any Age ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. L. Hutson & Son on Josie; reserve, F. L. Hutson & Son on Ruth. Champion Pair of Mules ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. L. Hutson & Son on Jane and Josie; reserve, J. W. Lisle on Topsy and Ruby. JACKS AND JENNETS. Exhibitors — Holmes Bros., Milton ; F. L. Hutson & Son, State Center. Judge E. A. Trowbridge, Columbia, Mo. Jack Four Years or Over ($25) — First, Holmes Bros, on Kentucky King. Champion Jack ($25) — Champion, Holmes Bros, on Kentucky King. CATTLE DEPARTMENT Superintendent. . . . .' H. L. Pike, Whiting, Iowa. SHORTHORNS. Exhibitors — A. B. Amundson, Dawson ; Brandt Bros., Garnavillo ; Harry Brown, Adel; Perry O. Brown, Lamoni; Edwin Byams, Dysart; W. O. Camp- bell, La Porte City; Z. T. Dunham & Sons, Dunlap; Dubes & Ohlson, Aur- elia; Edellyn Farms, Wilson, 111.; A. R. Fennern, Avoca; Gallmeyer Bros., Mechanicsville; W. E. Graham & Son, Prairie City; Hague & Girton, Fair- field; C. E. Hoover & Son, Delphos; Hopley Stock arm, Atlantic; J. T. Judge, Carroll; J. Kardel & Son, Walcott; Krizer Bros., Eddyville; H. C. Lookabaugh, Watonga, Oklahoma; Loveland Stock Farm, Mt. Pleasant; J. W. McDermott, Kahoka, Missouri; Wm. Milne, Mt. Pleasant; Miller Bros., Britt; Jos. Miller & Son, Granger, Missouri; J. E. Mann, Woodbine; The Maxwell-Miller Cattle Co., Littleton, Colorado; J. S. Naylor, Clear Lake; Nelson Bros., Dunlap; L. C. Oloff, Ireton; E. D. Palmer & Son, Ocheyedan; W. W. Parkhill, Sigourney; Paul Purviance, Minburn; W. F. Rapp, St. Edwards, Nebraska; Reynolds Bros., Lodi, Wisconsin; Rookwood Farm, Ames; Geo. Rosengrant & Sons, Garden Grove; A. C. Shallenberger, Alma, Nebraska; Ben G. Studer, Wesley; W. B. Tague & Sons, Kirkman; W. J. Telfer, Prairie City; H. O. Tellier, Farmington, Minnesota; Geo. F. Thede and Son, Durant; Uppermill Farm, Wapello; Freeman B. Wood, Eldora; J. G. Westrope, Harlan. Judge Prof. H. H. Kildee, Ames, Iowa. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, J. W. McDermott on Marshal Joffre 807343; second, C. E. Hoover & Son on Count Whitehall 788195; third, Wm. Milne on Cumberland Marshal; fourth, The Maxwell-Miller Cattle Co. on Beauford Proud Duke 1069425; fifth, W. E. Graham & Son on Maxwalton Pure Gold II 699946; sixth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Pride of Albion 730697; seventh, H. O. Tell- ier on Superb Secret 96167; eighth, Edellyn Farms on Whitehall King 792762; ninth, A. B. Amundson on Acanthus Knight 700426; tenth, L. C. Oloff on Avon's Model 858930. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 217 Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, H. C. Lookabaugh on Maxhall Commander 97368S; second, Uppermill Farm on Villagers Wanderer 978595; third, W. F. Rapp on Silver Viscount 838024; fourth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Cumberland Matadore 926116; fifth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Broadhook's .Stamp 983999; sixth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Modest King 950631; seventh, J. W. McDermott on Marshal Hope 1035681; eighth, A. C. Schallenberger on Matchless Marshal 946857; ninth, J. Kardel & Son on Parkdale Bondsman 956105; tenth, J. W. McDermott on Choice Goods Marshal. Senior Yearling Bull ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Hopley Stock Farm on Beau's Stamp 989787; second, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Knight 993183; third, Rookwood Farm on Lavender Taft 1053384; fourth, W. E. Graham & Sons on Village Champion 1003573; fifth, Hague & Girton on Revelanta Crown 1007486; sixth, J. W. McDermott on Rosedale Marshal 1035682; seventh, Krizer Bros, on Village Avondale 1003892; eighth, Rosengrant & Son, Geo. on Cluny Cumberland 1042492; ninth, A. C. Schallenberger on Golden Villager 1034495. Junior Yearling Bull ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Master 1000257; second, H. C. Lookabaugh on Maxhall Searchlight 1058911; third. W. E. Graham & Sons on Victor's Excellence 1049695; fourth, The Max- well Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Parson 1027263; fifth, Joseph Millor & Sons on Oakdale Rodney 1074330; sixth, Miller Bros, on Villagers Cham- pion 1052187; seventh, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Marmion 1027261; eighth, Dubes & Ohlson on Villagers Sunray 1107781; ninth, Geo. F. Thede & Son on King Gainford 1104194; tenth, J. T. Judge on Roan Sort 1095226; eleventh, Uppermill Farm on Villagers Morning 1084776; twelfth, Perry O. Brown on White Joffre; thirteenth, J. G. Westrope on Village Lustre 1094478; fourteenth, H. C. Lookabaugh on Maxhall Duthie 1058910; fifteenth, Edellyn Farms on Modesty King 1004573. Senior Bull Calf ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Bishop 1083180; second, H. C. Lookabaugh on Maxhall Acers 1093608; third, Edellyn Farms on Smiling King 1085326; fourth, W. E. Graham & Sons on Maxwalton Chief 1091832; fifth, A. C. Schallenberger on Ashbourne Marshall; sixth, A. R. Fennern on Dale's Justice 1112399; seventh, Joseph Miller & Sons on Oakdale Ornament; eighth, A. R. Fennern on Dale's Gallant; ninth, W. W. Parkhill on Villager's Victor; tenth, Miller Bros, on Villager's Paymaster 1111791; eleventh, Wm. Milne on Shadeland Gift; twelfth, Hague & Girton on Revelanta Giftford; thirteenth, J. G. West- rope on Maid's Villager 1094473; fourteenth, Miller Bros, on Villager's Monarch 5th 1105950; fifteenth, H. O. Tellier on Superb Prince 1112621. Junior Bull Calf ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20. $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Goods 1110493; second, Miller Bros, on Village Javelin III 111790; third, Joseph Miller & Sons on Choice Again; fourth, Gallmeyer Bros, on Villager's Gloster II 1088438; fifth, H. C. Lookabaugh on Maxhall Lord 1093609: sixth, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Model 1110494; seventh, H. O. Tellier on Superb Master 1112620; eighth, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Nonsuch 1085323; ninth, J. G. Westrope on Knights Villager 1094472; tenth, A. C. Schallenberger on Ashbourne Squire; eleventh, Hague & Girton on Revelanta Villagift; twelfth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Oakdale Champion; thirteenth, L. C. Oloff on Golden Model 1105878; fourteenth, J. Kardel & Son on Bondsmans Baronet 1110278; fifteenth, J. Kardel & Son on Baron Bondsman 1110277. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, Wm. Milne on Crimson Lass 507129; second, H. C. Lookabaugh on Pleasant Verne II 785225; third, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max- Mill Myrtle 857984; fourth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Cumberland Bess III 679935; fifth, Uppermill Farm on Victoria II 596467; sixth, J. Kardel & Son on Parkdale Clipper IV 859796; seventh, Wm. Milne on Royal Lady; 218 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV eighth, F. D. Palmer & Sons on Lone Elm Victoria 863635; ninth, W. E. Graham & Sons on Glendale Gwynne 595113; tenth, A. B. Amundson on Bonnie Arabella 841152. Cow With Own Calf by Side ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15) — First, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Clover Leaf Lovely II 476692; second, Loveland Stock Farm on Silver Mist 765344; third, Wm. Milne on Nellie Goods 581609; fourth, J. T. . Judge on Villgers Rosy 733692; fifth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Miss Cumberland II 796142; sixth, Krizer Bros, on Bonnie Girl 721016; seventh, W. O. Campbell on Mina Ramsdin 250425; eighth, L. C. Oloff on Hampton's Beauty 796864. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, A. C. Shallenberger on Supremacy 836498; second, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Lovely 949927; third, W. E. Graham & Sons on Royal Goldie 866912; fourth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Susan 944929; fifth, Uppermill Farm on Villagers Sue III 925493; sixth, J. G. Westrope on Fair Sultana V 950700; seventh, A. B. Amundson on Knights Bettie 962186; eighth, H. C. Lookabaugh on Pleasant Clipper 995346; ninth, L. C. Oloff on Avons Dorothy 985107; tenth, A. B. Amundson on Isabel's Blossom 938771. Senior Yearling Heifer ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, H. O. Tellier on Coronet Sultana 1034336; second, C. E. Hoover & Son on Mysie Whitehall 979068; third, Joseph Miller & Sons on Orange Blossom IX 1026009; fourth, A. C. Schallenberger on Siren 1009368; fifth, H. O. Tellier on Miss Dalbreak IV 1024969; sixth, W. F. Rapp on Minorca Beauty 1105503; seventh, W. W. Parkhill on Gainfords Sylvia 1010397; eighth, Uppermill Farm on Villagers Lustre 1045252; ninth, A. R. Fennern on Jealous Maid II 1025253; tenth, Hopley Stock Farm on Village Blossom III 989806; eleventh, W. E. Graham & Sons on Village Bessie 1003582; twelfth, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Jannet 1004578; thir- teenth, H. C. Lookabaugh on Pleasant Maid 1046131; fourteenth, J. T Judge 'on Sarcasm IV 1030428; fifteenth, L. C. Oloff on Lady Abarelle 1021936. Junior Yearling Heifer ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10)— First, Miller Bros, on Village Rosebud 1026117; second, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Maud 1000270; third, Joseph Miller & Sons on Miss Cumberland III 1082533; fourth, J. G. Westrope on Village Princess 1094485; fifth, F. D. Palmer & Sons on Lone Elm Florenna 1030169; sixth, A. R. Fennern on Bramble Bud V 1025249; seventh, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Eliza II 1004577; eighth, Miller Bros, on Villagers Sue III 1010012; ninth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Secret 1027271; tenth, Dubes & Ohlson on Lady Violet IX 1000266; eleventh, Perry O. Brown on Cumberland Gem II; twelfth, A. C. Schallenberger on Meadow Blossom 1004225; thirteenth, H. C. Lookabaugh on Pleasant Victoria IV 1059383; fourteenth, W. E. Graham & Sons on Maxwalton Princess 1089121; fifteenth, W. E. Graham & Sons on Lady Radium 1083112. Senior Heifer Calf ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10)— First, Uppermill Farm on Bessie 33d; second, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Whimsical II 1085336; third, Joseph Miller & Sons on Oakdale Mayflower VI; fourth. The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max- Mill Rosemary 1083186; fifth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Flower Cumberland II 1082531; sixth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co. on Max-Mill Lady Annie 1083185; seventh, Miller Bros, on Bessie 84th 1105952; eighth, C. E. Hoover & Son on Mysie Whitehall II; ninth, W. E. Graham & Sons on Maxwalton Mary 1091842; tenth, H. C. Lookabaugh on Pleasant Gloster VI 1093610; eleventh, J. T. Judge on Lady Sorters 1086365; twelfth, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Undine II 1102980; thirteenth, J. G. Westrope on Village Queen 1094486; fourteenth, H. O. Tellier on Fairdale Beauty 1112623; fifteenth, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Maid IV 1085333. Senior Champion Bull ($75) — J. W. McDermott on Marshall Joffre. Junior Champion Bull ($75) — Hopley Stock Farm on Beau's Stamp. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 219 MARSHALL JOFFRE Grand Champion Shorthorn Bull. J. W. McDermott, Kahoka, Mo. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($75) — J. W. McDermott on Marshall Joffre. Senior Champion Female ($75) — A. C. Schallenberger on Supremacy. Junior Champion Female ($75) — Miller Bros, on Village Rosebud. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($75) — A. C. Schallenberger on Supre- macy. Graded Herd ($90, $75, $70, $60, $50, $40, $30, $20, $15, $15)— First, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co.; second, Uppermill Farm; third, Joseph Miller & Son; fourth, H. C. Lookabaugh; fifth, A. C. Schallenberger; sixth, J. G. Westrope; seventh, Wm. Milne; eighth, W. E. Graham & Sons; ninth, H. O. Tellier; tenth, A. B. Amundson. Yearling Herd ($80, $65, $60, $50, $40, $30, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, Dubes & Ohlson; second, Miller Bros.; third, Hopley Stock Farm; fourth, Joseph Miller & Sons; fifth, H. C. Lookabaugh; sixth, Edellyn Farms; seventh, W. E. Graham & Sons; eighth, Uppermill Farm; ninth, J. G. Westrope; tenth, A. R. Fennern. Calf Herd ($80, $65, $60, $50, $40, $30, $20, $15, $10, $10)— First, Joseph Miller & Sons; second, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co.; third, Edellyn Farms; fourth, H. C. Lookabaugh; fifth, Dubes & Ohlson; sixth, W. E. Graham & Sons; seventh, Uppermill Farm; eighth, A. R. Fennern; ninth, H. O. Tellier; tenth, A. C. Schallenberger. Get of Sire ($90, $75, $70, $60, $50, $40, $30, $20, $15, $15) — First, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co.; second, Dubes & Ohlson; third, Miller Bros.; fourth, Edellyn Farms; fifth, Joseph Miller & Sons; sixth, Uppermill Farm; seventh, J. W. McDermott; eighth, H. C. Lookabaugh; ninth, Hopley Stock Farm; tenth, W. E. Graham. Three Bulls, Any Age, Owned hy Exhibitor ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, H. C. Lookabaugh; second, Dubes & Ohlson; 220 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV third, J. W. McDermott; fourth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co.; fifth, Joseph Miller & Sons; sixth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co.; seventh, Miller Bros.; eighth, W. E. Graham & Sons; ninth, Edellyn Farms; tenth, Uppermill Farm. Two Bulls, Any Age, Bred and Owned by Exhibitor ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, H. C. Lookabaugh; second. Dubes & Ohlson; third, J. W. McDermott; fourth, The Maxwell Miller Cattle Co.; fifth, Hopley Stock Farm; sixth, Uppermill Farm; seventh, Edellyn Farm.?; eig-hth, Joseph Miller & Sons; ninth, Miller Bros.; tenth, Joseph Miller & Sons. IOWA SHORTHORN SPECIALS. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10) — First, S. P. Hoover on Count Whitehall 788195; second, Wm. Milne on Cumberland Marshall 8th; third, W. E. Graham on Maxwalton Pure Gold 2nd 69946; fourth, L. C. Oloff on Avon's Mode 858930; fifth, W. W. Parkhill on Coronet Villager; sixth, J. G. Westrope on Village Brigand 720685. Bull Two Years, Under Three ($20, $15) — First, Uppermill Farm on Vil- lager's Wanderer 978595; second, J. Kardel & Son on Parkdale Bondsman 956105. Bull, Senior Yearling ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8) — First, Hopley Farm, on Beau's Stamp 989787; second, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Knight 993183; third, J. W. McDermott on Lavender Taft 1053384; fourth, W. E. Graham on Village Champion 1003573; fifth, Hauge & Girton on Revelante Crown 1007486; sixth, Krizer Bros, on Village Avondale 1003892. Bull, Junior Yearling ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Master 1000257; second, W. E. Graham on Vic- tor's Excellence 1049695; third, Miller Bros, on Villager's Champion 1052187; fourth, Dubes & Ohlson on Villager's Sunray 1107781; fifth, Geo. Thede & Son on King Gainford 1104194; sixth, J. T. Judge on Roan Sort 1095226; seventh, Uppermill Farm on Villagers Morning 1084776. Bull, Senior Calf ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8)— First, W. E. Graham on Maxwalton Chief 1091832; second, A. R. Fennern on Dale's Justice 1085326; third, A. R. Fennern on Dale's Gallant; fourth, W. W. Parkhill on Villager's Victor; fifth, Miller Bros, on Village Paymaster 1111791; sixth. Wm. Milne on Shadeland Gift; seventh, Hague & Girton on Revelanta Giftford. Bull, Junior Calf ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Goods 1110493; second, Miller Bros, on Village Javelin 3rd 1111790; third, Gallmeyer Bros, on Villager's Gloster 2d 1088438; fourth, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Model 1110494; fifth, J. G. West- rope on Knights Villager 1094472; sixth, Hague & Girton on Revelanta Villagift; seventh, L. C. Oloff on Golden Model 1105878. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10)— First, Wm. Milne on Crimson Lass 507129; second, Uppermill Farm on May Sulton 195670; third, J. Kardel & Son on Parkdale Clipper 4th 859796; fourth, Wm. Milne on Royal Lady; fifth, F. D. Palmer & Son on Lone Elm Victoria 863635; sixth, W. E. Graham on Glendale Gwynne 595113. Heifer Two Years, Under Three ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, W. E. Graham on Royal Goldie 866912; second, Uppermill Farm on Vil- lager's Sue III 925493; third, J. G. Westrope on Fair Sultana 5th 950700; fourth, L. C. Oloff on Avons Dorothy 985107; fifth, Krizer Bros, on Mildred Lavender 7th 900397; sixth, J. T. Judge on Nonpareil Mistress 995325;. seventh, J. T. Judge on Princess Rose 995327. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8)— First, C. E. Hoover on Mysie Whitehall 979068; second, W. M. Parkhill on Gainford's Sylvia 1010397; third, Uppermill Farm on Villager's Lustre 1045252; fourth, A. R. Fennern on Jealous Maid 2nd 1025253; fifth, Hopley Farm on Village Blossom 3rd 989806; sixth, W. E. Graham on Village Bessie 1003582; seventh, J. T. Judge on Sarcasm IV 1030428. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 221 MILKING SHORTHORNS. Exhibitors — R. R. Clampitt, New Providence ; Hollandale Farms, Milton ; Oakland Stock Farm, Lime Springs. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Miller Bros, on Village Rosebud 1026117; second, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadow Lawn Maud 1000270; third, J. G. Westrope on \Tillage Princess 1094485; fourth, F. D. Palmer on Lone Elm Florella 1030169; fifth, A. R. Fennern on Bramble Bud 5th 1025249; sixth, Miller Bros, on Villager's Sue 3rd 1010012; seventh, Dubes & Ohlson on Lady Violet 9th 1000266. Heifer, Senior Calf ($20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Uppermill Farm on Bessie 33rd; second, Miller Bros, on Bessie 84th 1105952; third, C. E. Hoover on Mysie Whitehall 2d; fourth, W. E. Graham on Maxwalton Mary 1091842; fifth, J. T. Judge on Lady Sortess 1086365; sixth, J. G. Westrope on Village Queen 1094486; seventh, Dubes & Ohlson on Lady Swan 10th 1110496. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($20) — First, R. R. Clampitt on White Prince 648027. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15) — First, Hollandale Farm on Ireby Lord 926076; second, R. C. Clampitt on Daisy's Prince 1009382. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($20, $15, $10) — First, Hollandale Farm on English King 1051142; second, Oaklawn Stock Farm on Peer of Oaklawn 1008954; third, R. R. Clampitt on Edgewood Lad. Bull Under One Year ($20, $15) — First, Hollandale Farm on Favorite; second, R. R. Clampitt on Edgewood Dairyman. Cow Five Years Old or Over, in Milk ($30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Oak- lawn Stock Farm on Dairymaid 179439; second, R. R. Clampitt on Flor- ence 199573; third, Hollandale Farm on Dairymaid 5th 615224; fourth, R. R. Clampitt on Roan Duchess II 162090. Cow Three Years Old and Under Five, in Milk ($30, $20, $15)— First, Hollandale Farm on Dairymaid 24th 713841; second, R. R. Clampitt on Florence II 714662; third, Oaklawn Stock Farm on Maxie of Oaklawn 843192. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15, $10)— First, Hollan- dale Farm on Dorcas Clay 960826; second, R. R. Clampitt on Fairy Dale 900136; third, Oaklawn Stock Farm on Gem of Oaklawn 956573. Heifer One Year Old and Under Two ($20, $15, $10, $10)— First, R. R. Clampitt on Edgewood Duchess 1048722; second, Oaklawn Stock Farm on Violet of Oaklawn 1076247; third, Hollandale Farm on Rosemaid II 1025844; fourth, R. R. Clampitt on Princess Ellen 1081787. Senior Heifer Calf ($20, $15, $10, $10) — First, Oaklawn Stock Farm on Snowdrop of Oaklawn 1065900; second, Hollandale Farm on Waterloo Queen; third, R. R. Clampitt on Princess Dora; fourth, Hollandale Farm on Dairy Queen. Senior Champion Bull ($20) — R. R. Clampitt on White Prince. Junior Champion Bull ($20) — Hollandale Farm on English King. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($20) — R. R. Clampitt on White Prince. Senior Champion Female ($20) — Oaklawn Stock Farm on Dairy Maid. Junior Champion Female ($20) — Oaklawn Stock Farm on Snowdrop of Oaklawn. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($20) — Oaklawn Stock Farm on Dairy Maid. Graded Herds ($40, $30) — First, R. R. Clampitt; second, Hollandale Farm. Yearling Herd ($30) — R. R. Clampitt. Calf Herd ($30, $25) — First, Hollandale Farms; second, R. R. Clampitt. 222 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Get of Sire ($40, $30, $20) — First, Hollandale Farm; second, R. R. Clamp- itt; third, Oaklawn Stock Farm, Three Cows, in Milk, Owned by Exhibitor ($35, $25) — First, Hollandale farm; second, R. R. Clampitt. Two Cows, in Milk, Bred and Owned by Exhibitor ($30) — Hollandale Farm. HEREFORDS. Exhibitors — Earnest Abbe, Toledo ; B. H. Bishop, State Center ; W. N. W. Blayney, Denver, Colo.; Mrs. V. M. Brazelton, Ankeny; E. M. Cassady & Son, Whiting; P. M. Christenson, Lone Rock; Lloyd T. Coffey, Humeston; Jesse Engle & Son, Sheridan, Mo.; Leonard Formanek, Chelsea; Ferguson Bros., Canby, Minn.; Wallace & E. G. Good, Grandview, Mo.; T. M. Hayden, Creston; Hall Bros., Stratford; Overton Harris & Sons, Harris, Mo.; Heath & Pearson, Villisca; Joseph Kadolph, Eldora; John Landers, Springfield, Mo.; C. M. Largent & Son, Merkel, Texas; La Vernet Stock Farm, Jackson, Miss.; G. E. Leslie Estate, Memphis, Mo.; Letts & Turkington, Letts; Thad. E. Mendenhall, Fairbury, Neb.; Wm. J. Niemeyer, West Point; W. A. Pickering, Belton, Mo.; Robert Rogers, Union; J. Wesley Sherwood, Knox- ville; Kermit Sherwood, Knoxville; Quentine Stowe, Ackley; G. M. Scott & Son, Rea, Mo., Quiet Glenn Farm; L. J. Smith, 1016 Commerce Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.; Mary Jane Switzer, Independence, Mo.; Iver Thorsheine, Radcliffe; J. E. Thompson. Martinsville, 111.; Terrace Lake Hereford Park, Live Stock Exch. Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.; Turner Lumber & Investment Co., Kansas City, Mo.; Roy Van Winkle, Webster City; Ed Wiese & Son, Manning; W. L. Yost, Independence, Mo. Judge C. P. Sorenson, Balaton, Minn. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($75, $60, $50. $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, E. M. Cassady & Son on Good Stanway 2nd 826598; second, O. Harris & Sons on Repeater 166th 743001; third, J. E. Thompson on Beau Fairfax 719972; fourth, Ferguson Bros, on Lowden Fairfax 807321; fifth, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Brae 16th 806421; sixth, John Landers on Laurel Repeater 875479; seventh, John Landers on King Repeater 2nd 823808; eighth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Paragon 873591; ninth, P. M. Christenson on Dale Grove 820441; tenth, Hall Bros, on Rex Bullion 867642. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15)— First, W. L. Yost on Gay Braemore 884100; second, Mary Jane Switzer on Perfect Dawn 914765; third, O. Harris & Sons on Re- peater 266th 890891; fourth, O. Harris & Sons on Repeater 244th 862321; fifth, Jesse Engle & Son on Echo Lad 269th 898937; sixth, Turner Lumber and Investment Co. on Laurel Masterpiece 1003403; seventh, G. E. Leslie Estate on Lord Dandy 4th 886590; eighth, John Landers on Repeater Jr.'s Model 822922; ninth, Ferguson Bros, on Ellis Fairfax 880692; tenth, Roy Van Winkle on Hawkeye Mystic 890604. Senior Yearling Bull ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, W. L. Yost on Bonnies Impression 987571; second, C. M. Largent & Sons on Lovie's Lad 987389; third, O. Harris & Sons on Repeater 274th 985384; fourth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Perfection 5th 989392; fifth, B. H. Bishop on Sir Dare 969479; sixth, J. E. Thompson on Royal Fairfax 8th 988704; seventh, Ferguson Bros, on Russell L. Fairfax 990241; eighth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Perfection 3rd 989397; ninth, P. M. Christenson & Son on Miss Lark's Gem 980931; tenth, Ferguson Bros, on Wilbur Fairfax 990243. Junior Yearling Bull ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, O. Harris' Sons on Repeater 283rd 985393; sec- ond, W. L. Yost on Bonnie's Image 987570; third, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 121st 995378; fourth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Domino Stanway 1011029; fifth, C. M. Largent & Son on Kleberg Lad 3rd 1009741; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 223 sixth, John Landers on King- Repeater 6th 1012302; seventh, Letts & Turk- ington on Standard Dare 1040117; eighth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Don Blanchard 1011030; ninth, Thad. E. Mendenhall on Imperial 2nd 993503; tenth, G. E. Leslie Estate on Woodford Prince 4th 1013928; eleventh, Wal- lace and E. G. Good on The Anxiety 9th 1003158; twelfth, Ferguson Bros, on Richard Fairfax 125th 1077196; thirteenth, Roy Van Winkle on Cham- pion 5th 997262; fourteenth, Terrace Lake Hereford Park on Bean Best Jr. 1090000; fifteenth, John Landers on King Repeater 10th 1012306. Senior Bull Calf ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, C. M. Largent & Sons on La Vernet Lad 1085642; second, Wallace and E. G. Good on Good Donald 42nd 1098929; third, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 130th 1064223; fourth, J. E. Thompson on Dale's Anxiety 1093101; fifth, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 133d 1092333; sixth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Pride of Laurel 1096651; seventh, Ferguson Bros, on Richard Fairfax 129th; eighth, G. E. Leslie Estate on Woodford Prince 8th 1099017; ninth, Ed Wiese & Son on Rex Mischief Jr. 1083571; tenth, Letts & Turkington on Alton Incom 1088926; eleventh, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Springbrook Bud 1094356; twelfth, Letts & Turkington on Royal Incom 1088947; thirteenth, Thad. E. Men- denhall on Mischief Bond 1079589; fourteenth, G. E. Leslie Estate on Woodford Prince 10th 1099019; fifteenth, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Springbrook Dave 1094357. Junior Bull Calf ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, W. L. Yost on Bonnie Brae 1094493; second, C. M. Largent & Sons on Samson Lad 1114871; third, O. Harris & Sons on Re- peater 323rd 1103295; fourth, C. M. Largent & Sons on Garfield Lad 1114857; fifth, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 135th 1117060; sixth, Letts & Turkington on Healths Incom 1088938; seventh, O. Harris & Sons on Repeater 320th 1092489; eighth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Conquerer 3rd; ninth, John Landers on King Repeater 15th 1092209; tenth, Ferguson Bros, on Richard Fairfax 133d; eleventh, Thad. E. Men- denhall on Imperials Image 1087604. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, C. M. Largent & Sons on France Lassie 685274; second, Wal- lace & E. G. Good on Dora Donald 1044011; third, J. E. Thompson on Miss Gay Lad 2nd 785124; fourth, O. Harris & Sons on Echo Less 51st 584338; fifth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 34th 623118; sixth, E. M. Cas- sady & Son on Niobe Stanway 768277; seventh, Ferguson Bros, on Lady Fairfax 663129; eighth, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 162d 763756; ninth, T. M. Hayden on Lola 2nd; tenth, B. H. Bishop on Bessie 563972. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Mischievous 4th; second, Fer- guson Bros, on Fairfax Maid 9th 886205; third, C. M. Largent & Sons on Shadeland Jewel 5th 882938; fourth, Wallace and E. G. Good on Lady Donald 33rd 902654; fifth, J. E. Thompson on Lady Fairfax 904986; sixth. Heath & Pearson on Dandy Lass 11th 867865; seventh, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 210th 890885; eighth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Niobe Stan- way 2nd 853257; ninth, P. M. Christenson & Son on Miss Donald Brae 942661; tenth, Hall Bros, on Hazel Richards 980297. Senior Yearling Heifer ($75, $60, $50, $40. $30, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, W. L. Yost on Bonnie Erling 987567; second, Wallace & E. G. Good on Mixers Princess 975317; third, Terrace Lake Here- ford Park on Yule Tide 2d 969228; fourth, C. M. Largent & Sons on Shade- land Jewell 6th 987400; fifth, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 234th 985350; sixth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Dorette 9893S8; seventh, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 254th 985369; eighth, Ed. Wiese & Son on Esther Mischief 988480; ninth, J. E. Thompson on Lady Fairfax 6th 988703; tenth, W. L. Yost on Bonnie Hampton 990184; eleventh, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Lass 16th 98407; twelfth, Letts & Turkington on Francis Incom 960063; thirteenth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 224 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV 108th 983535; fourteenth, Ferguson Bros, on Rosana Fairfax 950509; fifteenth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 111th 983538. Junior Yearling Heifer ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 112th 995379; second, W. L. Yost on Prim Lady 987598; third, Thad. E. Menden- hall on Empress Onie 1052539; fourth, W. L. Yost on Bonnie Tulip 987576; fifth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Donna Maude 1018655; sixth, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 264th 985379; seventh, C. M. Largent & Sons on Beauty Fairfax 4th 1009725; eighth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Dorette 6th 1007820; ninth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Dorette 5th 1007819; tenth, Ferguson Bros, on Fairfax Maid 17th 886205; eleventh, Terrace Lake Hereford Park on Donna Domino 1014785; twelfth, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Incomparable Rose 1004697; thirteenth, Letts & Turkington on Mildred Incom 998473; fourteenth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Donna L. 1011033; fifteenth, Heath and Pearson on Villisca Elect 24th 1044146. Senior Heifer Calf ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, W. L. Yost on Bonnie Sunshine 1094496; second, Jesse Engle & Sons on Belle Blanchard 130th 1092330; third, Jesse Engle & Sons on Belle Blanchard 123d 1094906; fourth, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Gay Lad 175th 1090754; fifth, C. M. Largent & Sons on Lady Love 1114861; sixth, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 287th 1090761; seventh, C. M. Largent & Sons on Juliet Fairfax 2d 1085640; eighth, W. L. Yost on Maiden Blush 1094517; ninth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Belle 4th 1096643; tenth, Letts & Turkington on Pauline Incom 1088943; eleventh, E. M. Cassady & Son on Donna Goldie 1087706; twelfth, G. E. Leslie Estate on Lady Dandy 5th 1099015; thirteenth, Thad. E. Mendenhall on Empress 1st 1079584; fourteenth, Wallace & E. G. Good on Dora Best 1096162; fifteenth, G. E. Leslie Estate on Annie Dandy 3rd 1099011. Senior Champion Bull ($75) — W. L. Yost on Gay Braemore. GAY BRAEMORE Grand Champion Hereford Bull. W. L. Yost, Kansas City, Mo. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 225 Junior Champion, Bull ($75) — W. L. Yost on Bonnie's Impression. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($75) — W. L. Yost on Gay Braemore. Senior Champion Female ($75) — C. M. Largent & Son on France Lassie. Junior Champion Female ($75) — W. L. Yost on Bonnie Erling. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($75) — C. M. Largent & Son on France Lassie. Graded Herd ($90, $80, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20) — First, Jesse Engle & Sons; second, E. M. Cassady & Son; third, O. Harris & Sons; fourth, O. Harris & Sons; fifth, Ferguson Bros.; sixth, J. E. Thompson; seventh, Wallace & E. G. Good; eighth, Heath & Pearson; ninth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co.; tenth, Roy Van Winkle. Yearling Herd ($80, $70, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10)— First, W. L. Yost; second, Jesse Engle & Son; third, O. Harris & Sons; fourth, E. M. Cassady & Son; fifth, C. M. Largent & Sons; sixth, W. L. Yost; seventh, Ferguson Bros.; eighth, Thad. E. Mendenhall; ninth, Terrace Lake Hereford Park; tenth, Letts & Turkington. Calf Herd ($80, $70, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, W. L. Yost; second, Jesse Engle & Son; third, C. M. Largent & Sons; fourth, Thad. E. Mendenhall; fifth, O. Harris & Sons; sixth, G. E. Leslie Estate; seventh, J. E. Thompson; eighth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co.; ninth, Terrace Lake Hereford Park; tenth, Letts & Turkington. Get of Sire ($90, $80, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20) — First, W. L. Yost; second, E. M. Cassady & Son; third, Jesse Engle & Son; fourth, O. Harris & Sons; fifth, W. L. Yost; sixth, C. M. Largent & Son; seventh, John Landers; eighth, Ferguson Bros.; ninth, Thad. E. Mendenhall; tenth, Letts & Turkington. Three Bulls, Any Age, Owned by Exhibitor ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, E. M. Cassady & Son; second, W. L. Yost; third, O. Harris & Sons; fourth, Jesse Engle & Son; fifth, C. M. Largent & Sons; sixth, Ferguson Bros.; seventh, J. E. Thompson; eighth, John Landers; ninth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co.; tenth, Letts & Turkington. Two Bulls, Any Age, Bred and Owned by Exhibitor ($75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, W. L. Yost; second, E. M. Cassady & Son; third, O. Harris & Sons; fourth, Jesse Engle & Sons; fifth, O. Harris & Sons; sixth, C. M. Largent & Son; seventh, W. L. Yost; eighth, C. M. Largent & Son; ninth, C. G. Leslie Estate; tenth, Letts & Turkington. IOWA HEREFORD SPECIALS. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($15, $12, $10, $10) — First, E. M. Cassady & Son on Good Stan way 2d 826598; second, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Brae 16th 806421; third, P. M. Christenson & Son on Dale Grove 820441; fourth, Hall Bros, on Rex Bullion 867642. Bull Two Years, Under Three ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10)— First, Jesse Engle & Son on Echo Lad 269th 888937; second, Roy Van Winkle on Hawkeye Mystic 890604; third, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Beau Repeater 937459; fourth, B. H. Bishop on Dismoras Lad 2nd 876349; fifth, P. M. Christenson & Son on Dandy Brae 907294. Bull, Senior Yearling ($15, $12, $10) — First, B. H. Bishop on Sir Brae 969479; second, P. M. Christenson & Son on Miss Lark's Gem 980931; third, B. H. Bishop on Dewey Dismora 988285. Bull, Junior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 121 995378; second, E. M. Cassady & Son on Domino Stanway 1011029; third, Letts & Turkington on Standard Dare 1040117; fourth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Don Blanchard 1011030; fifth, Roy Van Winkle on Champion 5th 997262; sixth, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Brae 24th 1014228. Bull, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8, $8) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 130 1064223; second, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 133d 1092333; third, Ed Wiese & Son on Rex Mischief Jr. 15 226 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV 1083571; fourth, Letts & Turkington on Alton Incom 1088926; fifth, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Springbrook Bud 1094356; sixth, Letts & Turkington on Royal Incom 1088947; seventh, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Springbrook Dove 1094357. Bull, Junior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 13th 1117060; second, Letts & Turkington on Heaths Incom 1088938; third, Ed Wiese & Son on Real Rex Mischief 1110914; fourth, Heath & Pearson on New Year's Gift, 1090515; fifth, P. M. Chris- tenson & Son on Successful Grove; sixth, B. H. Bishop on Bishop's Bride 1115907. Cow Three Years or Over ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8, $8) — First, Jesse" Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 34th 623118; second, E. M. Cassady & Son on Niobe Stanway 768277; third, T. M. Hayden on Lola 2nd 781012; fourth, B. H. Bishop on Bessie 563972; fifth, Roy Van Winkle on Miss Beau Donald 712725; sixth, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Lass 809419; seventh, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Lucille 541248. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($15. $12, $10, $10, $10, $8, $8) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Mischievous 4th; second, Heath & Peterson on Dandy Lass 11th 867865; third, E. M. Cassady & Son on Niobe Stan- way 2nd 853257; fourth, P. M. Christenson & Son on Miss Donald Brae 942661; fifth, Hall Bros, on Hazel Richards 980297; sixth, Ed Wiese & Son on Loa's Mischief 883113; seventh, Heath & Peterson on Dandy Lass 15th 947119. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8, $8) — First, Ed Wiese & Son on Esther Mischief 988480; second, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Lass 16th 984907; third, Letts & Turkington on Francis Incom 960663; fourth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 108th ,983535; fifth, Jesse Engle & Son on Bell Blanchard 111th 983538; sixth, Letts & Turkington on Ambert Incom 960055; seventh, Ed Wiese & Son on Sparkle Mischief 988485. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10,. $10, $8, $8) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 112th 995379; second, E. M. Cassady & Son on Dona Maud 1018655; third, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Incomparable Rose 1004697; fourth, Letts & Turkington on Mildred Incom 998473; fifth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Donna L. 1011033; sixth, Heath & Pearson on Villisca Elect 24th 1044156; seventh, Heath & Pearson on Maples Bond Lass 1014299. Heifer, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8, $8) — First, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 130th 1092330; second, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 123d 1094906; third, Letts & Turkington on Pauline Incom 1088943; fourth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Donna Goldie 1087706; fifth, Ed Wiese & Son on Madam Rex 11110913; sixth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 131st 1117061; seventh, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Springbrook Pet 1094360. ABERDEEN ANGUS. Exhibitors — Leonard Abbe, Toledo ; Frank Abbe, Toledo ; Lawrence Aves, Melbourne; Darrel Bacon, Toledo; Matt Baker, Mitchellville; R. R. Blake & Sons, Dallas Center; Joseph Caputo, Marshalltown; Robert Collins, Lis- comb; Bertha Donnen, Melbourne; Mary Donnen, Melbourne, Laura Daw- son, Washta; Escher & Ryan, Irwin; John H. Fitch, Lake City; Ralph Freel, Runnells; R. W. Frank, Renwick; John H. Gibbons, North English; Russell Hayward, Dysart; Hess & Brown, Waterloo; Earl Houston, Tama; Carl Huston, Tama; Kemp Bros., Marion; W. A. Kirschbaum, Defiance; Earl Korns, Hartwick; Nelson Korns, Hartwick; P. J. Leahy, Parnell; Emery H. Lee, Avoca; A. G. Messer, Grundy Center; Orville Neville, Malcom; Clark Plummer, Marshalltown; Lester Plummer, Marshalltown; Carl E. Rosenfeld, Kelley; Virgil Sherwood, Hartwick; J. Garrett Tolan, Farmingdale, 111.; C. W. Wurzbacker, Marion. Judge A. C. Binnie, Chester, Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 227 Bull Three Years Old or Over ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, P. J. Leahy on Black Star Atlas 244282; second, Escher & Ryan on Blackcap Baton 283593; third, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Erona Dan 281886; fourth, John H. Gibbons on Everwise of G. 2nd 3006008; fifth, J. Garrett Tolan on Eileen- mere 4th 251504; sixth, W. A. Kirschbaum on Elation K 283793. Bull Two Years Old, Under Three ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Escher & Ryan on Black Marshall 5th 321834; second, John H. Fitch on Besto 302443; third, R. R. Blake & Sons on Sensation 'B" 320651; fourth, P. J. Leahy on Electo 2nd 334372; fifth, Hess & Brown on Eckland 2d of Quietdale 318947; sixth, Roy W. Frank on Edor 2nd 342002. Senior Yearling Bull ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15) — First, Kemp Bros, on Black Belmore 336163; second, Hess & Brown on Bertrand of Quietdale 329884; third, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Elixir Earl 333418; fourth, J. Garrett Tolan on Estimation 331760; fifth, Emery H. Lee on Blackcap Ed. Junior Yearling Bull ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Eventuation 337989; second, Kemp Bros, on Berman of Glenrock 331306; third, A. G. Messer on Blackcap Briand 352286; fourth, P. J. Leahy on Elberson 2d 340178; fifth, R. W. Frank on Estaban 342007; sixth, J. Garrett Tolan on Tar Baby C. 328917; seventh, John H. Fitch on Blackcap Burtis 344323; eighth, A. G. Messer on Ennet B. 352288; ninth, A. G. Messer on Blue Capper 338324; tenth, Orville Neville on Black Beston 349454. Senior Bull Calf ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, P. J. Leahy on Banbridge; second. Escher & Ryan on Evolution Marshall 351893; third, Escher & Ryan on Evolution Marshall 351891; fourth, John H. Fitch on Entiner 344344; fifth, A. G. Messer on Black Bellen 353125; sixth, J. Garrett Tolan on Permit 9th 352761; seventh, Escher & Ryan on Earl Marshall 5th 351890; eighth, Escher & Ryan on King Marshall; ninth, A. G. Messer on Quimbus M. 353123; tenth, R. R. Blake & Sons on Prid- mere. Junior Bull Calf ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10) — First, Escher & Ryan on Blackcap Marshall 10th 351903; second, R. W. Frank on Estonians Equal 351433; third, A. G. Messer on Black Baron B. 2nd 353134; fourth, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Electron 352610; fifth, Kemp Bros, on Berman of Glenrock 2nd; sixth, J. Garrett Tolan on Blackcapmere 2nd 352765; seventh, P. J. Leahy on Erdmann. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Escher & Ryan on Barbara Brownell 3rd 273206; second, John H. Fitch on Black Violet Bonnie 231554; third, Hess & Brown on Edifice of Laggan 8th 263157; fourth, R. R. Blake & Sons on Blackbird of Dallas 220257; fifth, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Barbara Beeh 202473; sixth, P. J. Leahy on Glen- mede Blackbird 21st 235646. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Hess & Brown on Blackbird of Quietdale 92 318955; second, Kemp Bros, on Queen's Viola K. 306800; third, Escher & Ryan on Pride Protest 6th 321847; fourth, R. W. Frank on Erica Enlate 336529; fifth, J. Garrett Tolan on Enchanteffie 294067; sixth, Escher & Ryan on Barbara McHenry 36th 321853. Senior Yearling Heifer ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, John H. Fitch on Queen Quixie 329755; second, Escher & Ryan on Pride Protest 7th 336532; third, Hess & Brown on Blackcap of Quietdale 13 329878; fourth, R. W. Frank on Ethelda; fifth, Escher & Ryan on Erica Energy 12th 336531; sixth, J. Garrett Tolan on Purda 5th 331758. Junior Yearling Heifer ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Blackbird Berite 337990; second, Carl E. Ros- enfeld on Melba 338103; third, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Blackcap McHenry 156th 352606; fourth, Hess & Brown on Elopsis of Quietdale 4th 329886; fifth, R. W. Frank on Esther Blackbird 342297; sixth, Emery H. Lee on Enviette; seventh, A. G. Messer on Blackbird 22 of Cedmer 338325; eighth, 228 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV John H. Fitch on Prentice Pride 329761; ninth, A. G. Messer on Bluecap Lady 338326; tenth, P. J. Leahy on Edlan. Senior Heifer Calf ($40, $30, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, A. G. Messer on Black Eyes of Cedmer 353124; second, Escher & Ryan on Barbara McHenry 39th 351895; third, R. W. Frank on Elva; fourth, J. Garrett Tolan on Mihaley 352762; fifth, A. G. Messer on Blackbird Ena 353130; sixth, Escher & Ryan on Erica Energy 16th 351892; seventh, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Blackbird Jimmy 3rd 352609; eighth, P. J. Leahy on Exinyes; ninth, John H. Fitch on Evadell 344325; tenth, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Evea 352607. Senior Champion Bull ($35) — Escher & Ryan on Black Marshall 5th 321834. Junior Champion Bull ($35) — Carl A. Rosenfeld on Eventuation 337989. BLACK MARSHALL 5th Grand Champion Angus Bull. Escher & Ryan, Irwin, Iowa. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($35) — Escher & Ryan on Black Marshall 5th 321834. Senior Champion Female ($35) — Hess & Brown on Black Bird of Quiet- dale 92d 318955. Junior Champion Female ($35) — Carl E. Rosenfeld on Blackbird Bestie 337990. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($35) — Hess & Brown on Blackbird of Quietdale 92d 318955. Graded Herd ($50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $15) — First, Escher & Ryan; second, P. J. Leahy; third, John H. Fitch; fourth, Carl E. Rosenfeld; fifth, Hess & Brown; sixth, J. Garrett Tolan. Yearling Herd ($40, $35, $30, $25, $20, $15) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld; second, Hess & Brown; third, John H. Fitch; fourth, Kemp Bros.; fifth, A. G. Messer; sixth, P. J. Leahy. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 229 Calf Herd ($40, $35, $30, $25, $20, $15) — First, Escher & Ryan; second, A. G. Messer; third, P. J. Leahy; fourth, Escher & Ryan; fifth, John H. Fitch; sixth, R. W. Frank. Get of Sire ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15) — First, Escher & Ryan; second, Carl E. Rosenfeld; third, A. G. Messer; fourth, R. W. Frank; fifth, P. J. Leahy; sixth, Escher & Ryan. Three Bulls, Any Age, Owned by Exhibitor ($40, $35, $30, $25, $20, $15) — First, Escher & Ryan; second, P. J. Leahy; third, Carl E. Rosenfeld; fourth, John H. Fitch; fifth, Kemp Bros.; sixth, Hess & Brown. Two Bulls, Any Age, Bred and Owned by Exhibitor ($40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $15) — First, Escher & Ryan; second, Hess & Brown; third, Carl E. Rosenfeld; fourth, R. R. Blake & Sons; fifth, P. J. Leahy; sixth, John H. Fitch. POLLED SHORTHORNS. Exhibitors — S. B. Hudson & Son, Knoxville ; P. C. and J. J. Knudson, Grundy Center; Leeman Stock Farm, Hoopston, 111.; Lloyd Loonan, Waterloo; S. W. Stewart & Son, Kennard, Neb.; H. C. Stork, Tekamah, Neb.; Wahl Bros., St. Olaf. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($20, $15, $10, $8, $5)— First, Leeman Stock Farm on Ceremonies Sultan 17402; second, S. W. Stewart & Son on Belles Lavender 2113; third, Wahls Bros, on Royal Villager x20220; fourth, S. B. Hudson & Son on Amity Champion 14613; fifth, Nelson Bros, on Uneeda Count X22901. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15) — First, Wahls Bros, on Royal Knight 2d X22347; second, Lloyd Loonan on Scotch Loch Dale Jr. X24276. Senior Yearling Bull ($20) — First, Lloyd Loonan on Scotch Dale Leader. Junior Yearling Bull ($20, $15, $10 — First, Leeman Stock Farm on Cere- monious Lord 1083074; second, Leeman Stock Farm on Lee Dale Type 24292; third, S. W. Stewart & Son on Bell Boy 25164. Senior Bull Calf ($20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Leeman Stock Farm on Ceremonious Count; second, Lloyd Loonan on Scotty Type; third, Wahls Bros, on Craibstone Villager X25126; fourth, Wahls Bros, on Rosebud Villager x25128; fifth, S. B. Hudson & Son on Mint Master 2d. Junior Bull Calf ($20, $15) — First, S. W. Stewart & Son on Long Laven- der 25165; second, Lloyd Loonan on Royal Dale. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($20, $15, $10, $8, $6) — First, Leeman Stock Farm on Lee Dale Mayflower 3rd x4600; second, Wahls Bros, on Royal Jenny x6930; third, S. W. Stewart & Son on Artful Lassie 4397; fourth, S. B. Hudson & Son on Duchess of Gloster 82d; fifth, Lloyd Loonan on Roany Royal x2688. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15, $10, $8, $6)— First, S. B. Hudson & Son on Lady Lois 12865; second, Leeman Stock Farms on Queen of Scots xll567; third, S. W. Stewart & Son on Rouald Elizabeth 9549; fourth, S. W. Stewart & Son on Royal Belle 9548; fifth, Leeman Stock Farm on Lee Dale Rosemary 3rd xll562. Senior Yearling Heifer ($20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, S. W. Stewart & Son on Royal Cowslip 11709; second, Leeman Stock Farm on Ceremonious Queen xl3174; third, S. B. Hudson & Son on Highland Belle 12864; fourth. S. B. Hudson & Son on Modest Lady 12866; fifth, Lloyd Loonan on Scotch Dale Minorca. Junior Yearling Heifer ($20, $15, $10, $8, $5)— First, S. W. Stewart & Son on Artful Lass 11801; second, S. W. Stewart & Son on Lavender Rose 1069188; third, Leeman Stock Farm on Ceremonious Maid xl3173; fourth, Lloyd Loonan on Scotch Dale Flower; fifth, Z. T. Dunham & Sons on Mollie 14049. 230 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Senior Heifer Calf ($20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Wahls Bros, on Village Blossom xl4302; second, Leeman Stock Farm on Ceremonious Rose; third, Lloyd Loonan on 69th Dutchess of Gloster; fourth, S. W. Stewart & Son on Cowslip Royal 14357; fifth, Lloyd Loonan on Minorca Junior. Senior Champion Bull ($5) — Leeman Stock Farm on Ceremonious Sultan. Junior Champion Bull ($5) — S. W. Stewart & Son on Long- Lavender. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($10) — Leeman Stock Farm on Cere- monious Sultan. Senior Champion Female ($5) — Leeman Stock Farm on Lee Dae May- flower. Junior Champion Female ($5) — S. W. Stewart & Son on Royal Cowslip.^ Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($10) — Leeman Stock Farm on Lee Dae Mayflower. Graded Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Leeman Stock Farm; second, S. W. Stewart & Son; third, Wahls Bros.; fourth, S. B. Hudson & Son. Yearling Herd ($25, $20, $15) — First, S. W. Stewart & Son; second, Lee- man Stock Farm; Ohird, Lloyd Loonan. Calf Herd ($25, $20, $15) — First, Lloyd Loonan; second, Leeman Stock Farm; third, S. W. Stewart & Son. Get of Sire ($25, $20, $15. $10) — First, Leeman Stock Farm; second, S. W. Stewart & Son; third, Leeman Stock Farm; fourth, S. W. Stewart & Son. Three Bulls, Any Age, Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Leeman Stock Farm; second, S. W. Stewart & Son; third, Wahls Bros.* fourth, Lloyd Loonan. Two Bulls, Any Age, Bred and Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Leeman Stock Farm; second, S. W. Stewart & Son; third, Lloyd Loonan; fourth, Lloyd Loonan. RED POLLED. Exhibitors — J. F. Gilbert, Earlham ; Geo. Haussler & Sons, Holbrook, Neb. ; J. W. Larabee, Earlville, 111.; Paul C. Larson & Son, Wolbach, Neb.; H. P. Olson, Altona, 111.; L. J. Palas, St. Olaf; Roger Van Evera, Davenport. Judge A. P. Arp, Eldridge, Iowa. Bull Three Years Old and Over ($25, $18, $14) — First, Geo. Haussler & Sons on National Type 37498; second, Paul C. Larsen & Son on Royal Dude 31735; third, L. J. Palas on Stone Wall Robert 38095. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $18, $14, $10) — First, L. J. Palas on Rebina's Marham 40142; second, I. W. Larabee on Harry Charmer 40346; third, Roger Van Evera on Enterprise 39840; fourth, H. P. Olson on Corporal 41246. Senior Yearling Bull ($25, $18, $14) — First, Roger Van Evera on Elgin 41496; second, L. J. Palas on Stone Wall Sailor 42335; third, H. P. Olson on William Charmer 42201. Junior Yearling Bull ($25, $18, $14, $10) — First, J. W. Larabee on Teddy's Boy 42206; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons on Willie Charmer 43501; third, Paul C. Larsen & Son on Fae 42229; fourth, Roger Van Evera on Amy's Imperial. Senior Bull Calf ($25, $18. $14, $10, $5) — First, L. J. Palas on S. W. Dafter 43985; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons on Ideal Beau 43880; third, H. P. Olson on Great Teddy 43845; fourth, L. J. Palas on S. W. St. Paul 43951; fifth, Geo. Haussler & Sons on Ideal Leader 43879. Junior Bull Calf ($25, $18, $14, $10, $5) — First, J. W. Larabee on Cyrus Charmer 43919; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons on Ideal's Charmer 43932; third, Paul C. Larsen & Son on Radio Royal 43863; fourth, H. P. Olson on Charmer Boy 43983; fifth, L. J. Palas on S. W. Marham's Guard 43956. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($25, $18, $14, $10, $5) — First, L. J. Palas on Sally 44562; second, J. W. Larabee on Lady Neckton 44743; third, H. P. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 231 Olson on Queen Luna 55406; fourth, Paul C. Larsen & Son on Lorraine Dude 52440; fifth, Geo. Haussler & Sons on N. Mable 46118. Heifer Two Years Old, Under Three ($25, $18, $14, $10, $5) — First, Geo. Haussler & Sons on U. Ruby Rose 3rd 55701; second, J. W. Larabee on Clara 56952; third, Geo. Haussler & Sons on U. Lady Netta 2nd 58479; fourth, L. J. Palas on Selma 57271; fifth, Roger Van Evera on Etta 56296. Senior Yearling Heifer ($25, $18, $14, $10, $5) — First, Geo. Haussler & Sons on U. Dortha 3rd 58479; second, J. W. Larabee on Winnie Charmer 59352; third, Paul C. Larsen on Sheba 59170; fourth, L. J. Palas on Delvina 59522; fifth, Roger Van Evera on Aleda's Sunbeam 2nd 58361. Junior Yearling Heifer ($25, $18, $14, $10, $5) — First, Geo. Haussler & Sons on U. Mockingbird 59255; second, Paul C. Larsen & Son on Margaret Lassie 59172; third, J. W. Larabee on Tulip Charmer 59363; fourth, H. P. Olson on Lady Marham 61119; fifth, Geo. Haussler & Sons on Upland Topsy Girl 59929. Senior Heifer Calf ($25, $18, $14, $10, $5) — First, H. P. Olson on Leona Charmer 61819; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons on Upland Susie Ann 61867; third, J. W. Larabee on Belva Charmer 61934; fourth, Paul C. Larsen & Son on O. K. Blossom 61799; fifth, L. J. Palas on S. W. Show Girl 61973. Senior Champion Bull ($10) — L. J. Palas on Rebina's Marham. Junior Champion Bull ($10) — J. W. Larabee on Teddy's Boy. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($10) — J. W. Larabee on Teddy's Boy. Senior Champion Female ($10) — L. J. Palas on Sally. Junior Champion Female ($10) — Geo. Haussler & Son on U. Dorotha 3rd. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($10) — L. J. Palas on Sally. Graded Herd ($30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Geo. Haussler & Sons; sec- ond, L. J. Palas; third, J. W. Larabee; fourth, Paul C. Larsen & Son; fifth, Roger Van Evera. Yearling Herd ($25, $20, $18, $14, $10)— First, J. W. Larabee; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons; third, Roger Van Evera; fourth, L. J. Palas; fifth, Paul C. Larsen & Son. Calf Herd ($25, $20, $18, $14)— First, Geo. Haussler & Sons; second, L. J. Palas; third, H. P. Olson; fourth, Paul C. Larsen & Son. Get of Sire ($30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Geo. Haussler & Sons; second, J. W. Larabee; third, Paul C. Larsen & Son; fourth, Roger Van Evera; fifth, Geo. Haussler & Sons. Three Bulls, Any Age, Owned hy Exhibitor ($25, $20, $18, $14, $10) — i First, J. W. Larabee; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons; third, Paul C. Larsen & Son; fourth, L. J. Palas; fifth, Roger Van Evera. Two Bulls, Any Age, Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $18, $14, $10) — First, J. W. Larabee; second, Geo. Haussler & Sons; third, L. J. Palas; fourth, J. W. Larabee; fifth, Roger Van Evera. IOWA RED POLLED SPECIALS. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($10) — First, L. J. Palas on Stone Wall Robert 38095. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($10, $8) — First, L. J. Palas on Rebina's Marham 40142; second, Roger Van Evera on Enterprise 39840. Bull, Senior Yearling ($10, $8) — First, Robert Van Evera on Elgin 41496; second, L. J. Palas on Stone Wall Sailor 42335. Bull, Junior Yearling ($10) — First, Roger Van Evera on Amyi Imperial. Bull, Senior Calf ($10, $8, $6)— First, L. J. Palas on S. W. Dafter 43985; second, L. J. Palas on S. W. St. Paul 43951; third, Roger Van Evera on Adair. Bull, Junior Calf ($10) — First, L. J. Palas on S. W. Marham's Guard 43956. 232 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Cow Three Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $6) — First, L. J. Palas on Sally 44562; second, L. J. Palas on Dazzle 44563; third, Roger Van Evera on Easter Duchess 50144. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, L. J. Palas on Selma 57271; second, Roger Van Evera on Etta 56296; third, L. J. Palas on Sabina 58265; fourth, Roger Van Evera on Molly 56295, Heifer, Senior Yearling: ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, L. J. Palas on Delivina 59522; second, Roger Van Evera on Alda's Sunbeam 22d 59361; third, L. J. Palas on Dolly 59523; fourth, Roger Van Evera on Esther 58362. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($10, $8) — First, J. F. Gilbert on Prue 60958; second, Roger Van Evera on Isabelle 58374. Heifer, Senjor Calf ($10, $8, $6)— First, L. J. Palas on S. W. Show Girl 61973; second, L. J. Palas on S. W. Sheba 61970; third, Roger Van Evera on Betty. GALLOWAY. Exhibitors — H. Croft, Anthony, Kans. ; H. L. Fluke, Bath, S. D. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($15, $10, $8) — First, H. L. Fluke on Car- lota's Cornot 44729; second, H. Croft on Idol Worthy 46509; third, H. Croft on Mendota 43138. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($15, $10, $8) — First, H. L. Fluke on Cornot Jr. 46203; second, H. Croft on Haida's Optimist 46114; third, H. Croft on Helen's Othello 46415. Senior Yearling Bull ($15, $10) — First, H. Croft on Carnot of M. L. 47416; second, H. L. Fluke on King Cornot 47910. Junior Yearling Bull ($15, $10, $8, $5) — First, H. L. Fluke on Ben Cornot 47904; second, H. Croft on John of M. L. 47418; third, H. L. Fluke on Fred Cornot 47904; fourth, H. Croft on Jo of M. L. 47420. Senior Bull Calf ($15, $10) — First, H. L. Fluke on Tri State Wonder 48528; second, H. Croft on Jim of M. L. 48291. Junior Bull Calf ($15, $10)— First, H. L. Fluke on Andy of F. F. 48525; second, H. Croft on Bob of M. L. 48390. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($15, $10, $8) — First, H. L. Fluke on Caro- lota of M. L. 45987; second, H. Croft on Clara Cola 46408; third, H. Croft on Ora of M. L. 43441. Heifer, Two Years Old and Under Three ($15, $10) — First, H. Croft on Cora Cola 47541; second, H. L. Fluke on Lady Florence of F. F. 47905. Senior Yearling Heifer ($15, $10) — First, H. L. Fluke on Fern of F. F. 47900; second, H. Croft on Bell of M. L. 47133. Junior Yearling Heifer ($15, $10) — First, H. L. Fluke on Juanita of F. F. 47898; second, H. Croft on Pearl of M. L. 47341. Senior Heifer Calf ($15, $10, $8, $5) — First, H. L. Fluke on Min of F. F. 48531; second, H. Croft on Nellie of M. L. 49361; third, H. L. Fluke on Ina May of F. F. 48532; fourth, H. Croft on May of M. L. 49362. Senior Champion Bull ($5) — H. L. Fluke on Carlota's Cornot. Junior Champion Bull ($5) — H. L. Fluke on Ben Cornot. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($10) — H. L. Fluke on Carlota's Cornot. Sen,ior Champion Female ($5) — H. L. Fluke on Carlota of M. L. Junior Champion Female ($5) — H. L. Fluke on Min of F. F. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($10) — H. L. Fluke on Carlota of M. L. Graded Herd ($20, $15) — First, H. L. Fluke; second, H. Croft. Yearling Herd ($20, $15) — First, H. L. Fluke; second, H. Croft. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 233 Calf Herd ($20, $15, $10) — First, H. L. Fluke; second, H. Croft; third, H. L. Fluke. Get of Sire ($20, $15, $10) — First, H. L. Fluke; second, H. L. Fluke; third, H. Croft. Three Bulls, Any Age, Owned by Exhibitor ($18, $15, $8) — First, H. L. Fluke; second, H. L. Fluke; third, H. Croft. Two Bulls, Any Age, Bred and Owned by Exhibitor ($18, $15, $8) — First, H. L. Fluke; second, H. Croft; third, H. L. Fluke. HOLSTEINS. Exhibitors — Garrie R. Bishop ; Board of Control, State Institution, Anamosa ; Board of Control, State Institution, Cherokee; Board of Control, State Institution, Clarinda; Board of Control, State Institution, Eldora; Board of Control, State Institution, Independence; Board of Control, State Insti- tution, Mt. Pleasant; Board of Control, State Institution, Woodward; Cerro Gordo Farms, Mason City; E. J. Erickson, Cambridge; Hargrove & Arnold, Norwalk; Iowana Farms, Davenport; H. O. Larsen, Dike; E. H. Maytag, Newton; Union College, College View, Neb. Judge J. B. Irwin, Minneapolis, Minn. Bull Four Years or Over ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Corwin Farms on King Korndyke Sadie Vale Pietertje 212333; second, Board of Control, Mt. Pleasant on Wolfspring Sethje Mooie Pontiac H. B. 182020; third, H. O. Larsen on Sir Ragapple Pasch; fourth, Board of Control, Independence, on Colantha Wayne Ormsby 239246. Bull Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $20, $15) — First, Hargrove & Arnold on King Ormsby Piebe Mercedes 260943; second, Iowana Farms on Iowana Star Fayne 254441; third, Union College on King Pontiac Champion Polkadot 310081. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Board of Control, Independence, on Cherokee Cornucopia 315020; second, Har- grove & Arnold on King Pietertje Ormsby Piebe Tidy 296379; third, Iowana Farms on Iowana Coronis Fryslan 313732; fourth, Board of Control, Cla- rinda, Violet Ormsby Wayne 347901. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First. Hargrove & Arnold on King Pieterjte Ormsby Piebe Jewel 368392; second. Iowana Farms on Burke Mercedes Star 342917; third, Cerro Gordo Farms on King Pietertje Ormsby Piebe 29th 355211; fourth, C. W. Patti on Walker Ormsby Piebe 369908; fifth, Iowana Farms on Burke Mercedes Star 342919; sixth, Corwin Farms on Corwin Wimple De kol Ormsby. Bull, Senior Calf ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Hargrove & Arnold on King Banostine Ormsby Piebe 369910; second, Board of Control, Chero- kee, on Cherokee Nudine Piebe; third, H. O. Larsen on Forum Ormsbv Superior; fourth, Board of Control, Clarinda, Clarinda Pietertje Korndyke Ormsby; fifth, E. H. "Maytag on Pietertje Pontiac Ormsby llona 377984: sixth, Union College on King Netherland Segis Alcarta 381268. Cow Four Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Star 414850; second, H. O. Larsen on Forum Diamond Homestead 523846; third, Board of Control, Woodward, on Lady Daphne Pambytuning; fourth, Board of Control, Cherokee, on Diana Corn- ucopia 330791; fifth, Union College on Miss Sarah Netherland De Kol 344151. Cow Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Beaver Oaks Prilly Mercedes 55183S; second, Har- grove & Arnold on Miss Ormsby Jewel 462793; third, Iowana Farms on Iowana Homestead De Cola 488677; fourth, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Madam Pambytuning Pontiac 577103. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, Board of Control, Mt. Pleasant, on Mt. Pleasant Prilly La Polka 545238; 234 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV second, HargTove & Arnold on Sunny Lady 3rd 544163; third, H. O. Larsen on Forum Pontiac Queen 644377; fourth, Hargrove & Arnold on Miss Alexina Ormsby 587334; fifth, Board of Control, Cherokee on Cherokee Nudine Ann 674704. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6) — First, Corwin Farms on Corwin Colantha Florence Ormsby; second, Corwin Farms on Corwin K. S. P. Mabel Ormsby; third, Corwin Farms on Corwin Beauty Tobes Ormsby; fourth, Arnold Hargrove on Martha Ormsby Piebe 614259; fifth, Iowana Farms on Homestead Veeman 2nd 629282; sixth, Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Bettina 2nd 629278; seventh, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Daisy Walker Tobes Ormsby 679112. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6) — First, Hargrove & Arnold on Dorothy Ormsby Piebe 657732; second, Iowana Farms on Iowana Farms Hope 661939; third, Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Jessie 3rd 661942; fourth, Union College on C. K. S. A. Abbehuk Alcartia 677504; fifth, Union College on C. K. S. A. Chippewa De Kol 707464; sixth, E. J. Erickson on Colantha Belle Korndyke 4th 675949; seventh, Board of Con- trol, Mt. Pleasant, Nudine Korndyke Mt. Pleasant 681540. Heifer, Senior Calf ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6) — First, Iowana Farms on Iowana One Star Pietertje 706695; second, Board of Control, Clarinda, Clarinda Daisy Walker Ormsby 759213; third, Hargrove & Arnold on Truine Ormsby Rose 704214; fourth, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clarinda Celia Pietertje Ormsby; fifth, Hargrove & Arnold on Pube Artis Burke 737964; sixth, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clarinda Aaggie Duchess Ormsby 759214; seventh, Board of Control, Clarinda on Clarinda Moose Fayne Ormsby 759212. Senior Champion Bull ($10) — Corwin Farms on King Korndyke Sadie Vale Pietertje 212333. KING KORNDYKE SADIE VAL PIETERTJE Grand Champion Holstein Bull. Corwin Farms, Rock Valley, Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 235 Junior Champion Bull ($10) — Hargrove & Arnold on King Pietertje Ormsby Piebe Jewel 368392. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($15) — Corwin Farms on King Korn- dyke Sadie Vale Pietertje 212333. Senior Champion Female ($10) — Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Star 414850. Junior Champion Female ($10) — Hargrove & Arnold on Dorothy Ormsby Piebe 647732. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($15) — Hargrove & Arnold on Doro- thy Ormsby Piebe 647732. Graded Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Hargrove & Arnold; second, Corwin Farms; third, H. O. Larsen; fourth, Iowana Farms; fifth, Board of Control, Clarinda; sixth, Board of Control, Mt. Pleasant. Yearling Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Hargrove & Arnold; second, Corwin Farms; third, Iowana Farms; fourth, Union College; fifth, Iowana Farms; sixth, E. J. Erickson. Breeders Calf Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Hargrove & Arnold; second Board of Control, Clarinda; third, H. O. Larsen; fourth, Corwin Farms; fifth, Iowana Farms; sixth, Board of Control, Cherokee. Get of Sire ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Hargrove & Arnold; sec- ond, Corwin Farms; third, Hargrove & Arnold; fourth, Board of Control, Clarinda; fifth, Iowana Farms; sixth, Union College. Produce of Cow ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5)— First, Iowana Farms; second, Hargrove & Arnold; third, Board of Control, Woodward; fourth, Board of Control, Cherokee; fifth, Union College; sixth, H. O. Larsen. DIPLOMAS. Premier Exhibitor (Diploma) — Hargrove & Arnold. Premier Breeder (Diploma) — Iowana Farms. IOWA HOLSTEIN SPECIALS. Bull Four Years Old or Over ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8) — First, Corwin Farms on King Korndyke Sadie Vale Pietertje 212333; second, Board of Control, Mt. Pleasant, on Wolf spring Sethje Mooie Pontiac H. B. 182020; third, H. O. Larsen on Sir Ragapple Pasch; fourth, Board of Control, Independ- ence on Colantha Wayne Ormsby 239246; fifth, Carrie R. Bishop on King Johanna Bonheur Champion 137723. Bull Three Years Old and Under Four ($15, $12) — First, Hargrove & Arnold on King Ormsby Piebe Mercedes 260943; second, Iowana Farms on Iowana Star Fayne 254441. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8) — First, Board of Control, Independence, on Cherokee Cornucopia 315020; second, Hargrove & Arnold on King Pietertje Ormsby Piebe Tidy 296379; third. Iowana Farms on Iowana Cornis Fryslan 313732; fourth, Board of Con- trol, Clarinda on Violet Ormsby Wayne 347901; fifth, Corwin Farms on Triume Ormsby Piebe 294182. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5) — First', Hargrove & Arnold on King Pietertje Ormsby Jewel 368392; second, Iowana Farms on Burke Mercedes Star 342917; third, Cerro Gordo Farms on King Pietertje Ormsby Piebe 29th 355211; fourth, C. W. Patti on Walker Ormsby Piebe 349908; fifth, Iowana Farms on Iowana Echo Star 342919; sixth, Corwin Farms on Corwin Wimple DeKol Ormsby. Bull, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $8, $5)— First, Hargrove & Arnold on King Banostine Ormsby Piebe 369910; second, Board of Control, Chero- kee, on Cherokee Nudine Piebe; third, H. O. Larsen on Forum Ormsby Superior; fourth, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clarinda Pietertje Korn- dyke Ormsby 381165; fifth, E. H. Maytag on Pietertje Pontica Ormsby Ilona, 377984 sixth, C. W. Patti on King Rex Mercedes 374284. 236 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Cow Three Years Old or Over ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5) — First, Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Star 414850; second, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Beaver Oates Prilly Mercedes 551838; third, H. O. Larsen on Forum Diamond Homestead 523846; fourth, Hargrove & Arnold on Miss Ormsby Jewel 462793; fifth, Board of Control, Woodward, on Lady Daphne Pam- bytuning; sixth, Iowana Farms on Iowana Homestead De Cola 488677. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5) — First, Board of Control, Mt. Pleasant, on Mt. Pleasant Prilly La Polka 545238; second, Hargrove & Arnold on Sunny Lady 3rd 544163; third, H. O. Larsen on Forum Pontiac Queen 644377; fourth, Hargrove & Arnold on Miss Alexina Ormsby 587334; fifth, Board of Control, Cherokee, on Chero- kee Nudine Ann 674704; sixth, H. O. Larsen on Forum Maud Masterpiece 597788. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5)— First, Corwin, Farms on Corwin Colantha Florence Ormsby; second, Corwin Farms on Corwin K. S. P. Mable Ormsby; third, Corwin Farms on Corwin Beauty Tobes Ormsby; fourth, Hargrove & Arnold on Martha Ormsby Piebe 614259; fifth, Iowana Farms on Iowana Homestead Veeman 2nd 629282; sixth, Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Bettina 2nd 629278; seventh, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Daisy Walker Fobes Ormsby 679112. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8) — First, Hargrove & Ar- nold on Dorothy Ormsby Piebe 647732; second, Iowana Farms on Iowana Farms Hope 661939; third, Iowana Farms on Iowana Fayne Jessie 3rd 661942; fourth, E. J. Erickson on Colantha Bell Korndyke 4th 675949; fifth, Board of Control, Mt. Pleasant, on Nudine Korndyke Mt. Pleasant, 681540. Heifer, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5) — First, Iowana Farms on Iowana One Star Pietertje 706695; second, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clarinda Daisy Walker Ormsby 759213; third, Hargrove & Arnold on Triune Ormsby Rose 704214; fourth, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clar- inda Celia Pietertje Ormsby; fifth, Hargrove & Arnold on Pieve Artis Burke 737964; sixth, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clarinda Aaggie Duchess Ormsby 759214; seventh, Board of Control, Clarinda, on Clarinda Moore Fayne Ormsby 759212. JERSEY. Exhibitors — W. J. Campbell, Jesup ; Wm. Stuart Goble, 1125 Douglas Ave., Des Moines; Meredith Jersey Farm, Des Moines; A. D. Ralston, Macon, Mo.; C. A. Reinheimer, Marion; H. S. Stein, Ft. Madison; G. C. Sterling, 31st and Darley St., Des Moines; Waterloo Jersey Farm, Waterloo. judge R. T. Lee, Waterloo, Iowa. Bull Four Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Beauty's King 132904; second, A. D. Ralston on Fern's Noble Champion 149771; third, C. A. Reinheimer on Ibsen's Golden Price 128319; fourth, Harry S. Stein on Iowa Discount 142403. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $20) — First, Campbell Jersey Farms on You'll Do Bobbie 191967; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Countess King 186047. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($25," $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Successful King 200772; second, Water- loo Jersey Farm on Financial Bonnie Sans Alois 199516; third, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Financial King 200957; fourth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Winner 202404; fifth, C. A. Reinheimer on Grand View You'll Do 201338; sixth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial King Brook- hill 200226. Bull, Senior Calf ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm on Combination You'll Do Jr. 208520; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Merman 205573; third, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Sen- sation Count 206334; fourth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Successful Emanci- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 237 pator 207373; fifth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Superior King- 206497; sixth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Sea Lad 208522. Cow Pour Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8)— First, Meredith Jersey Farm on Etta Brookhill 421700; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Owletena of Roycroft 454153; third, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Myrtle 460304; fourth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Countess Topsy 381790; fifth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Noble Viola 333664. Cow Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Water- loo Jersey Farm on Financial Francene 441895; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Fern Sultane 478365; third, Harry S. Stein on Merri- dale's Perfection Lady 462332; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer on Fair Martha's Princess 435328. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, A. D. Ralston on You'll Do's May Queen 484934; second, A. D. Ralston on Champion Noble May 511969; third, Meredith Jersey Farm on Ogima's Babe of Cloverland 516082; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer on Golden Princess's Princess 512557; fifth, Campbell Jersey arm on You'll Do Lady Lucy 552552. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6)— First, C. A. Rein- heimer on Ibsen's Princess 512558; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Finan- cial Successful Rose 528398; third, Campbell Jersey Farm on Combination Pretty Lady 524652; fourth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial S. Fran- cene 509048; fifth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Miss Virginia 510352; sixth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Successful Girl 520735; seventh, A. D. Ralston on Champion Noble May 521802. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $5) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Lady June 521265; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Golden Maid's Rose; third, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Beauty Browny 523014; fourth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Lady FINANCIAL BEAUTY'S KING Grand Champion Jersey Bull. Meredith Jersey Farm, Des Moines, Iowa. 238 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Myrtle 521264; fifth, A. D. Ralston on Gold Medal Miss Primm; sixth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Pearl of Brookhill; seventh, Harry S. Stein on Merry Maiden's Noel's Ruth 536634. Heifer, Senior Calf ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6)— First, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Fancy Buttercup 541903; second, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Juanita 543330; third, Meredith Jersey Farm on Successful Golden Cowslip; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer on Grand View Martha 543114; fifth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Successful Lavender Girl; sixth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Exquisite 3rd 535285; seventh, Harry S. Stein on Ad's Iowa Doll 544596. Senior Champion Bull ($10) — Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Beauty's King- 132904. Junior Champion Bull ($10) — Campbell Jersey Farm on Combination You'll Do Jo 208520. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($15) — Meredith Jersey Farm on Finan- cial Beauty's King 132904. Senior Champion Female ($10) — Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Francene 441895. Junior Champion Female ($10) — Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Fancy Buttercup 541903. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($15) — Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Francene 441895. Graded Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, Meredith Jersey Farm; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm; third, Campbell Jersey Farm; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer; fifth, Harry S. Stein. Yearling Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm; third, Meredith Jersey Farm; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer; fifth, A. D. Ralston; sixth, Campbell Jersey Farm. Breeders' Calf Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm; third, Meredith Jersey Farm; fourth, Wat- erloo Jersey Farm; fifth, Harry S. Stein. Get of Sire ($25., $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Waterloo Jersey Farm; sec- ond, Campbell Jersey Farm; third, Meredith Jersey Farm; fourth, Campbell Jersey Farm; fifth, A. D. Ralston: sixth, C. A. Reinheimer. Produce of Cow ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5 — First, Campbell Jersey Farm; second, Campbell Jersey Farm; third, Meredith Jersey Farm; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer; fifth, Harry S. Stein; sixth, C. A. Reinheimer. DIPLOMAS. Premier Exhibitor (Diploma) — Meredith Jersey Farm. Premier Breeder (Diploma) — Waterloo Jersey Farm. IOWA JERSEY SPECIALS. Bull Four Years or Over ($15, $12, $10) — First, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Beauty King- 132904; second, C. A. Reinheimer on Ibsen's Golden Prince 128319; third, Harry S. Stein on Iowa's Discount 142403. Bull Two Years Old or Under Three ($15, $12) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Bobbis 191967; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Countess King 186047. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5)— First, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Successful King 200772; second, Wat- erloo Jersey Farm on Financial Bonnie Sans Aloi 199516; third, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Financial King 200957; fourth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Winner 202404; fifth, C. A. Reinheimer on Grand View You'll Do 201338; sixth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial King Brook- hill 200226. Bull, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm on Combination You'll Do 208520; second, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Merman AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 239 205573; third, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Sensation's Count 206334; fourth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Successful Emancipator 207373; fifth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Superior King 206497; sixth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Sea Lad 208522. Cow Three Years or Over ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5) — First, Waterloo Jer- sey Farm on Financial Francene 441895; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Etta Brookhill 421700; third, Meredith Jersey Farm on Owletena of Roy Croft 454153; fourth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Fern Sultane 478365; fifth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do's Myrtle 460304; sixth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Countess Topsy 381790. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5)— First, Meredith Jersey Farm on Ogima's Babe of Cloverland 516082; second, C. A. Reinheimer on Golden Princess' Princess 512557; third, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Lady Lucy 522552; fourth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Sans Aloi Goldie 484630; fifth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Lora 493281; sixth, Harry S. Stein on Jolly Lucile's Lucy 474343. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5)— First, C. A. Rein- heimer on Ibsen's Princess 512558; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Finan- cial Successful Rose 528398; third, Campbell Jersey Farm on Combination Pretty Lady 524652; fourth, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial S. Fran- cene 509048; fifth, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Miss Virginia 510352; sixth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Financial Successful Girl 520735; Heifer, Junior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5) — First, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Lady June 521265; second, Meredith Jersey Farm on Golden Maid's Rose; third, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Beauty Browny 523014; fourth. Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Lady Myrtle 521264; fifth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Pearl of Brookhill; sixth, Harry S. Stein on Merry Maiden's Noel's Ruth 536634; seventh, Harry S. Stein on Maiden's Eurylia Countess 536635. Heifer, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5) — First, Waterloo Jersey Farm on Financial Fancy Buttercup 541903; second, Campbell Jersey Farm on You'll Do Juanita 543330; third, Meredith Jersey Farm on Successful Golden Cowslip; fourth, C. A. Reinheimer on Grand View Martha 543114; fifth, Meredith Jersey Farm on Success Lavender Girl; sixth, Waterloo Jer- sey Farm on Financial Exquisite 3rd 535285; seventh, Harry S. Stein on Cid's Iowa Doll 544596. GUERNSEYS. Exhibitors — J. H. Beckert, Albia ; Rita Bradley, Altoona ; Ellen Louise Burnett, Des Moines; Burnett & Brown, Des Moines; Marie Burkhead, Des Moines; Dwight Cofield, Des Moines; Compson Bros., Valley Junction, Iowa; Robert E. Coppock, West Branch; Dairyland Farm, Storm Lake; W. W. Marsh, Waterloo; Marydale Farm, Albia; Clare J. Minetor, Altoona; Sa- lome Minetor, Altoona; Mountain Bros., Des Moines; Marple Mountain, Des Moines; E. S. Person, Minot, S. D.; Robert Sharon, Valley Junction; Paul Wilcox, Des Moines. judge L. V. Wilson, St. Paul, Minn. Bull Four Years Old or Over ($25) — First, E. S. Persons on May Rose Golden Secret 34920. Bull Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $20) — First, Dairyland Farm on Ultra's Royal of Edge Mere 52784; second, Robert E. Coppock on Penwyn of Birchwood 55261. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($25) — First, Burnett & Brown on Lydias Express of Iowanola 63498. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($25, $20, $15, $10)— First, W. W. Marsh on May Rose Cherub 70934; second, Marydale Farm on Marydale Dood Phinney 73282; third, Paul Wilcox on Junior of Dewalt 68981; fourth, E. S. Person on Rivals King of Verndale 76071. 240 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Bull, Senjor Calf ($25, $18, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Mountain Bros, on Kitchener's Defiance Iowanola 77545; second, W. W. Marsh on Golden Day of the Prairie; third, Marydale Farm on Mary dale Nora's Cherub 80158; fourth, W. W. Marsh on Cherub's Dictator of the Prairie 80060; fifth, E. S. Person on Violet's Rex of Minot 79816; sixth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Duke 80159. Cow Four Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $15) — First, W. W. Marsh on Jean- ette of the Prairie 2nd 69685; second, E. S. Person on May Rose Clara of Minot 86109; third,. E. S. Person on May Rose Violet of Minot 86110. Cow Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $20) — First, E. S. Person on May Rose Betinna of Minot 93515; second, Marydale Farm on Nancy of Forest Lodge 40381. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, E. S. Person on May Rose Glory of Minot 103973; second, Compton Bros, on Florindas Best 108602; third, E. S. Person on Lura Betinna of Minot 107067; fourth, Marydale Farm on Hoges Heiress of Forest Lodge 40381; fifth, Compton Bros, on Marydale Jerburg Marie 110252. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6) — First, W. W. Marsh on Admiration of the Prairie 117699; second, W. W. Marsh on Fox Glove of the Prairie 11769S; third, Marydale Farm on Marydale Nan 118172; fourth, W. W. Marsh on Perfection of the Prairie 112661; fifth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Roxy 119821; sixth, E. S. Person on Glencoe of Minot 120293; seventh, E. S. Person on Auricle of Minot 12U292. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6) — First, W. W. Marsh on Cherry Ripe of the Prairie 124401; second, Burnett & Brown on Miss Dohlia of Dewalt 121401; third, Rita Bradley on Bovina of Sunnyside 123039; fourth, Robert Sharon on Garnet's Juliette 126033; fifth, Marple Mountain on Golden Chene Beauty of Hawthorne 123398; sixth, Dwight Cofield on Tillybardin's Blue Belle 119317; seventh, Marie Burkhead on Lake Shore Amy. Heifer, Senior Calf ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $7, $6)— First, W. W. Marsh on Honey Sweet of the Prairie 131883; second, Mountain Bros, on Cherub's Marigold of Iowanola 127167; third, W. W. Marsh on Cherry Bird of the Prairie 131884; fourth, W. W. Marsh on True May Rose of the Prairie 128508; fifth, E. S. Person on Alice of Minot 131034; sixth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Nelle; seventh, Marydale Farm on Marydale Marjorie 131535. Senior Champion Bull ($10) — Burnett & Brown on Lydia's Express of Iowanola 63498. Junior Champion Bull ($10) — W. W. Marsh on May Rose Cherub 70934. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($15) — W. W. Marsh on May Rose Cherub 70934. Senior Champion Female ($10) — W. W. Marsh on Jeanette of the Prairie 2nd 69685. Junior Champion Female ($10) — W. W. Marsh on Honey Sweet of the Prairie 131883. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($15) — W. W. Marsh on Jeanette of the Prairie 2nd 69685. Graded Herd ($25) — First, E. S. Person. Yearling Herd ($25, $20, $15) — First, W. W. Marsh; second, Marydale Farm; third, E. S. Person. Breeders Calf Herd ($25, $20, $15, $10, $8) — First, Mountain Bros.; second, Marydale Farm; third, W. W. Marsh; fourth, W. W. Marsh; fifth, E. S. Person. Get of Sire (25, $20, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, W. W. Marsh; second, Mary- dale Farm; third, W. W. Marsh; fourth, Marydale Farm; fifth, E. S. Person; sixth, E. S. Person. Produce of Cow ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Marydale Farm; second, E. S. Person; third, E. S. Person; fourth, Marydale Farm. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 241 MAY ROSE CHERUB Grand Champion Guernsey Bull. W. W. Marsh, Waterloo, Iowa. DIPLOMAS. Premier Exhibitor (Diploma) — W. W. Marsh. Premier Breeder (Diploma) — W. W. Marsh. IOWA GUERNSEY SPECIALS Bull Three Years Old and Under Four ($15, $12) — First, Dairyland Farm on Ultra's Royal of Edgemere 52784; second, Robert E. Coppock on Penwyn of Birchwood 55261. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($15) — First, Burnett & Brown on Lydia's Express of Iowranola 63498. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($15, $12, $10) — First, W. W. Marsh on May Rose Cherub 70934; second, Marydale Farm on Marydale Dood Phinney 73282; third, Paul Wilcox on Junior of De Walt 6S981. Bull, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5) — First, Mountain Bros, on Kitchener's Defiance of Iowanola 77545; second, W. W. Marsh on Golden Day of the Prairie; third, Marydale Farm on Marydale Nora's Cherub 80158; fourth. W. W. Marsh on Cherub's Dictator of the Prairie 109008; fifth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Duke 80159; sixth, Clare J. Minetor on Jedetta's Kitchener's Riduna 80435. Cow Three Years or Over ($15, $12) — First, W. W. Marsh on Jeanette of the Prairie 2nd 69685; second, Marydale Farm on Nancy of Forest Lodge 40381. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($15, $12, $10, $10) — First, Comp- ton Bros, on Florinda's 108602; second, Marydale Farm on Hayes Heiress of Forest Lodge 40381; third, Compton Bros, on Marydale Jerburg Marie 110252; fourth, Burnett & Brown on Edith S of Dewalt 112337. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5) — First, W. W. Marsh on Admiration of the Prairie 117699; second, W. W. Marsh on Fox Glove of 16 242 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV the Prairie 117698; third, Marydale Farm on Marydale Nan 118172; fourth, W. W. Marsh on Perfection of the prairie 112661; fifth, Marydale Farm en Marydale Roxy 119821; sixth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Nita 118173; seventh, Robert E. Coppock on Quincy of Quakerknoll 112712. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5)— First, W. W. Marsh on Cherry Ripe of the Prairie 124401; second, Compton Bros, on Miss Dahlin of Dewalt 121401; third, Rita Bradley on Bovina of Sunnyside 123039; fourth, Robert Sharon on Garnet's Juliette 126033; fifth, Marple Mountain on Golden Chene Beauty of Hawthorne 123398; sixth, Dwight Cofield on Tillybardin's Blue Belle 119317; seventh, Marie Burkhead on Lake Shore Amy. Heifer, Senior Calf ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5) — First, W. W. Marsh on Honey Sweet of the Prairie 131883; second, Mountain Bros, on Cherub's Marigold of Iowanola 127167; third, W. W. Marsh on Cherry Bird of the Prairie 131884; fourth, W. W. Marsh on True May Rose of the Prairie 128508; fifth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Nelle; sixth, Marydale Farm on Marydale Marjorie 131535; seventh, Mountain Bros, on Lady's Queen of Iowanola 127166. ATRSHIRES. Exhibitors — F. H. Baskins, Cedar Falls ; Adam Seitz & Sons, Waukesha, Wis. ; B. B. Simmons & Sons, Pewaukee, Wis. Judge C. B. Finley, Ames, Iowa. Bull Four Years Old or Over ($20) — First, F. H. Baskins on Netherall Finlayston 22527. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Cavalier The Last 25865; second, F. H. Baskins on Netherall Rising- Star 24092. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($20, $15, $10) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Cavalier Goldfinder 26216; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Cavalier Peter 26927; third, F. H. Baskins on Master- piece 26650. Bull, Senior Calf ($18, $15, $10) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayr- croft Lad 27586; second, F. H. Baskins on Cavaliers Freetrader 2443S; third, F. H. Baskins on Northland Model 27440. Cow Four Years Old or Over ($20, $15, $10) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Alta Croft 4th of Spring City 46581; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Kathleen Girl 51968; third, F. H. Baskins on Sylva Good Gift 43327. Cow Three Years Old, Under Four ($20, $15) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Cavaliers Snow Ball 56069; second, F. H. Baskins on Daisy Avon 56169. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15, $10) — First, B. B. Sim- mons & Sons on Ayrcroft Ethel Rose 66315; second, F. H. Baskins on Rosalia Freetrader 63984; third, F. H. Baskins on Cavaliers Lady Beauty 60836. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($18, $15, $10, $7) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Spring City Sunflower 70833; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Alta Croft 66317; third, F. H. Baskins on Mae Kilnford 66188; fourth, F. H. Baskins on Lady Alice Avon 2d 66190. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($18, $15) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayr- croft Lillie 67893; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Ethel 67892. Heifer, Senior Calf ($18, $15, $10, $7) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Lady Beauty 70296; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Kirsty A 72538; third, B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Snowball 70295; fourth, F. H. Baskins on Snowhurst Nellie 2d 71914. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 243 CAVALIER THE LAST Grand Champion Ayrshire Bull. Simmons & Sons, Pewaukee, Wis. Senior Champion Bull ($10) — B. B. Simmons & Sons on Cavalier The Last 25865. Junior Champion Bull ($10)— B. B. Simmons & Sons on Ayrcroft Cav- aliers Goldfinder 26216. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($10) — B. B. Simmons & Sons on Cavalier The Last 25865. Senior Champion Female ($10) — B. B. Simmons & Sons on Alta Croft 4th of Spring City 46581. Junior Female Champion ($10) — B. B. Simmons on Spring City Sun- flower 70833. Grand Champion Female, Any Age ($10) — B. B. Simmons & Sons on Alta Croft 4th of Spring City 46581. Graded Herd ($25, $15, $10) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons; second, F. H. Baskins; third, F. H. Baskins. Yearling Herd ($25, $15) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons; second, F. H. Baskins. Breeders' Calf Herd ($25, $15, $10) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons; sec- ond, F. H. Baskins; third, F. H. Baskins. Get of Sire ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons; third, F. H. Baskins; fourth, F. H. Baskins. Produce of Cow ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, B. B. Simmons & Sons; second, B. B. Simmons & Sons; third, F. H. Baskins; fourth, F. H. Baskins. Premier Exhibitor (Diploma) — B. B. Simmons & Sons. Premier Breeder (Diploma) — B. B. Simmons & Sons. 244 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV FAT CATTLE SECTION. FAT SHORTHORNS. Exhibitors — Glen Aikman, Gray ; Eugene Alexander, Indianola ; Glen An- derson, Stanton; Orville W. Bergren, Stanton; Frank Berry, Prole; Harold Burkhardt, Guthrie Center; Kenneth Burkhardt, Guthrie Center; Leland Bower, South English; Edward Barrogy, Rockwell; Frank Bottger, Ollie; Marion Cahill, Rockford; Bruce Clampitt, New Providence; Cecil Cook, New Providence; Maurice Cook, New Providence; Dale Copley, Grundy Center; Etta Dawson, Washta; Dorothy Dennis, Melbourne; Helen Early, Mason City; Edellyn Farms, Wilson, Illinois; Herbert Fricke, State Center; Irma Fricke, State Center; Josephine Garden, Wapello; Ralph Givan, Grant; Leland Halter, Melbourne; Harry Hansen, Thornton; Arthur Henderson, Paullina; Waiter K. Henderson, Paullina; Ernest Hostetter, Grundy Center; Helen Hurlbut, Conrad; Griffith Johnson, Wilton Junction; Henry Johnston, Wilton Junction; Merle Jones, North Eng- lish; Russell Kernen, Nodaway; Velma Lanning, Rhodes; Lester Lar- son, Stanton; Paul Larson, Red Oak; Wayne Larson, Stanton; La Vernet Stock Farm, Jackson, Miss.; Chester Lunquist, Stanton; Marjorie McAl- pine, Villisca; Willis A. McAlpine, Villisca; Wendell Mann, Malcom; Florence Martin, Monroe; Windsor Moore, Mt. Pleasant; Lee Norton, Wilton Junction; Carl Olander, Stanton; Edward Ossian, Stanton; Simon Ossian, Stanton; Harold Place, Muscatine; Clifford C. Palmquist, Stanton; Velma Parker, demons; W. W. Parkhill, Sigourney; Carroll Plager, Grundy Cen- ter; Florence Posten, Villisca; Wayne Probst, West Liberty; Delbert Royl, Grinnell; Virgil Sherwood, Hartwick; George W. Smith, Dunlap; Archibald Stinson, Villisca; Paul Stinson, Villisca; Elmer Sweet, Storm Lake; Clif- ford Tague, Kirkman; E. M. Thomas, Audubon; Buster Victor, Villisca; Etta Victor, Villisca; Keith Warne, Villisca; Charlotte Westrope, Harlan; Amy White, Rhodes; Cecil Wilkinson, Cummings; Glen Windom, Nodaway; Fred W. Wubbens, Wellsburg. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $15) — First, Jose- pine Garden on Prince; second, Hollandale Farm on Waterloo Prince. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $15, $10) — First, Lee Norton on Villagers Lad; second, Leland Halter on Roan Dale; third, Dorothy Dennis on Brookside Charmer. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Under One Year ($20, $15, $10) — First J. S. Naylor on Landcaster Type; second, Josephine Garden on Commodore; third, Edellyn Farms on Carolines King 1085321. Champion Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($20) — Lee Norton on Villager Lad. Group of Three Head Owned by Exhibitor ($25) — First, Josephine Garden. Grade or Cross Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $15, $10) — First, Velma Parker on Clara's Charmer; second, Willis A. McAlpin on Roan Diamond; third, Velma Lanning on Smooth Lad. Champion Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($20) — Velma Parker on Clara's Charmer. FAT HEREFORD. Exhibitors — Hans Anderson, Dike ; Earl Bennett, Letts ; Clifford Benson, La Moille; Rue Biterman, Nora Springs; W. N. W. Blayney, Denver, Colo.; Archie Braun, Nichols; Dale Clark, Hamlin; Cecil Cook, New Providence; Maurice Cook, New Providence; Blanche Curran, Mason City; Dorothy Dennis, Melbourne; Lavon Dennis, North English; Ruth Diller, Letts; Dean Dodder, Letts; Leah Earley, Mason City; Richard Early, Mason City; Lyle Ellis, Elliott; Paul Gildner, Rock Falls; Emmette Goecke, Marshall- town; Eldon Gohner, Grundy Center; Harry Gohner, Grundy Center; Ralph Hallquist, Red Oak; Adolph Hohn, Red Oak; Earnest Hostetter, Grundy AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 245 Center; Harry Johnson, Red Oak; Merle Jones, North English; Ivan Jones, Red Oak; Jessie Krause, Nora Springs; Raymond Lynn, Grundy Center; Phillip McLean, Marshalltown; Alvin Matzen, Mason City; Edwin K. Mat- zen, Mason City; Thad. E. Mendenhall, Fairbury, Neb.; Lee C. Mills, Au- dubon; Lee Norton, Wilton Junction; Donald Ritchie, Marathon; Wendell Ritchie, Marathon; Delbert Royl, Grinnell; Gerold Sherwood, Hartwick; Ivan Swanson, Stanton; Clarence Taggart, Audubon; John Tucker, West Branch; Burdette Van Note, Mason City; Lyle Van Note, Mason City; Lyle Wise, Decatur; Dale Wick, Mt. Pleasant. Judge W. J. Kennedy,, Sioux City, Iowa. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Senior Yearling ($25, $20) — First, E. M. Cassady & Son on Good Enough 417; second, Heath & Pearson on Dandy Brae 22nd 984906. Steer, Spayed or .Martin Heifer, Junior Yearling ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, Clifford Benson on Beau Repeater; second, Earl Bennett on Sunbeam Dare 1010353; third, Dean Dodder on Lon; fourth, Heath & Pearson on Maples Dixie 659. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Under One Year ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, Thad E. Mendenhall on My Mischief 1121568; second, C. M. Largent & Sons on Kleberg Lad 4th 114859; third, Heath & Pearson on Vilisca Lad 658; fourth, Thad E. Mendenhall on Empress 6th. Champion Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($15) — Cassady & Son on Good Enough 417. Group of Three Head, Owned by Exhibitor ($25) — Heath & Pearson. Grade or Cross Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Junior Yearling1 ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, Alvin C. Matzen on Pat; second, Archie Braun on Adams; third, Archie Braun on Royal Ace; fourth, John Tucker on Ben Hur. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Under One Year ($25) — First, Roy Van Winkle on White Face. Champion Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($15) — Alvin C. Matzen on Pat. FAT ABERDEEN ANGUS. Exhibitors — Harvey Andrews, Audubon ; Carl Bower, South English ; Leland Bower, South English; Levi Bower, South English; Garret I. Bremer, North English; Joseph Caputo, Marshalltown; Joe Coffman, North English; Rob- ert Collins, Liscomb; Laura Dawson, Washta; John Dawson, Washta; Wendell Edson, Storm Lake; Lyle Ellis, Elliott; Clarence Egan, Dow City; John H. Fitch, Lake City; Gerald Francis, Storm Lake; Leland Geiger, North English; Fred W. Gilmore, North English; W. N. Harvey & Son, Knoxville; Marion Hendrickson, Nodaway; Ben J. Hensley, Exira; Hess & Brown, Waterloo; Henry Johnston, Wilton Junction; Merle Jones, North English; Leland Keen, Le Grand; Earl Korns, Hartwick; Nelson Korns, Hartwick; Mae McGuire, Storm Lake; Elizabeth Mandeville, Storm Lake; Marion Mandeville, Storm Lake; Ruth Manser, Storm Lake; Donald Mein- hard, Storm Lake; Kenneth Messer, Grundy Center; Orville Neville, Malcom; Harold Pace, Muscatine; Thorwald Peterson, Storm Lake; Fay Perry, Gil- man; Wayne Probst, West Liberty; Carl E. Rosenfeld, Kelley; James Shep- ard, Muscatine; Vernon Shepard, Muscatine; Virgil Sherwood, Hartwick; Sammy Slate, South English; William & Herman Stock, Baxter; Clarence M. Stoner, South English; George Stoner, South English; Horace Stoner, South English; Earl Stratton, Collins; Thomas Stratton, Collins; Irvin Swanson, Stanton; George Swihart, Baxter; J. Garrett Tolan, Farmingdale, 111.; Albert Wagner, North English; Howard Wagner, North English; Donald Wensel, Melbourne; Clare Wiley, Indianola; Pearl Wiley, Indianola; Raymond Wiley, Indianola; Clarence Wilson, Storm Lake; Herbert Wilson, Storm Lake; Edward Zeman, Chelsea. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. 246 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR, BOOK— PART IV Pure Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $15, $10) — First, Robert Collins on Black Laddie; second, John H. Fitch on Quinko 329747; third, R. W. Frank on Prince Perfection. Pure Bred Steer, Spayed or 3Iartin Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $15, $10) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Keeper 3rd 333424; second, Earl Stratton on Mingo Lad; third, R. W. Frank on Prince Mac 2202. Pure Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Under One Year ($20, $15, $10) — First, John H. Fitch on Kento 2215; second, Hess & Brown on Prince of Quietdale; third, R. W. Frank on Kay 2229. Champion Pure Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($15) — Robert Col- lins on Black Laddie. Pure Breds, Group of Three Head, Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $15) — First, Robert Collins; second, R. W. Frank. Grade or Cross Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $15) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Atta Boy; second, Robert Collins on Ray. Grade or Cross Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Junior Yearling ($20, $15, $10) — First, Dean Dodder on Bob; second, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Entertainer; third, Harold Pace on Quiet Lad. Grade or Cross Bred Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, "Under One Year ($20, $15, $10) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld on Rosengift Bobbie; second, J. Garrett Tolan on Eileenmere Boy; third, Robert Collins on Don. Champion Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($15) — Dean Dodder on Bob. Group of Three Head, Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $15) — First, Carl E. Rosenfeld; second, Robert Collins. PURE BRED GRADES AND CROSS BREDS. Exhibitors — Lillian Early, Mason City ; J. F. Gilbert, Earlham ; Freeman B. Wood, Eldora. Judge W. J. Kennedy, Sioux City, Iowa. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Senior Yearling ($15) — First, L. J. Palas on S. W. Robin 43950. Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer, Junior Yearling ($15, $10, $5) — First, Lil- lian Early on Snip; second, Freeman B. Wood on Woodrow; third, J. F. Gilbert on Prue 60958. Champion Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer ($10) — L. J. Palas on S. W. Robin 43950. IOWA BOYS' AND GIRLS' MARKET CALF FEEDING CONTEST. SHORTHORNS. Judge H. W. Vaughn, St. Paul, Minn. Exhibitors — Ernest Abbe, Toledo ; Frank Abbe, Toledo ; Leonard Abbe, To- ledo; Howard Adix, Ogden; Fern Aikman, Gray; Glen Aikman, Gray; Eu- gene Alexander, Indianola; Floyd Ameberry, Knoxville; Glen Anderson, Stanton; Hans Anderson, Dike; Harvey Andrews, Audubon; Lawrence Avers, Melbourne; Clarence Aupperle, Adair; Edward Aupperle, Adair; Darrel Bacon, Toledo; Ivan Beck, Corning; Lawrence Beck, Corning; Orville W. Bergren, Stanton; Edward Barrogy, Rockwell; Earl Bennett, Letts; Carl Benson, La Moille; Clifford Benson, La Moille; Frank Berry, Prole; Fred Bitterman, Nora Springs; Lora Bitterman, Nora Springs; Rue Bitter- man, Nora Springs; Everett Black, Audubon; Elmer Blood, Runnells; Frank Bottger, Ollie; Morgan Bonzer, Marshalltown; Carl Bower, South English; Leland Bower, South English; Levi Bower, South English; Archie Braun, Nichols; Harry Braun, Nichols; Garret I. Bremer, North English; Harry Brown, Adel; John Bronn, Stuart; Richard Bronn; Stuart; Clarence Burk- hardt, Guthrie Center; Harold Burkhardt, Guthrie Center; Kenneth Burk- hardt, Guthrie Center; Edwin Byams, Dysart; Marion Cahill, Rockford; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 247 J. H. Calif, North English; Joseph Caputo, Marshalltown; Elmer Carpen- ter, Runnells; Eldon Cartwright, Boone; Bruce Clampitt, New Providence; Dale Clark, Hamlin; Herbert Cline, Knoxville; Joe Coffman, North English; Cecil Collins, Marshalltown; Robert Collins, Liscomb; Cecil Cook, New Providence; Maurice Cook, New Providence; Lenard Costello, North Eng- lish; Verne Cooper, Corning; Dale Copley, Grundy Center; Hugh Colyle, ►Rockford; Everett Cree, Madrid; Raymond L. Cummings, Knoxville; Blanche Curran, Mason City; Lester Curran, Mason City; Worth Darnell, Knoxville; James D. Davie, Council Bluffs; Etta Dawson, Washta; John Dawson, Washta; Dorothy Dennis, Melbourne; Lavon Dennis, North Eng- lish; Ronald Diggins, State Center; Ruth Diller, Letts; Thomas Donahue, North English; Dean Dodder, Letts; Loren Donelson, Ogden; Mervin Donel- son, Odgen; Donald Dunham, Dunlap; Helen Early, Mason City; Leah Early, Mason City; Lillian Early, Mason City; Richard Early, Mason City; Leora Eddington, Sutherland; Wendell Edson, Storm Lake; Albert Egan, Dow City; Clarence Egan, Dow City; Lyle Ellis, Elliott; Leonard O. Erickson, Ogden; Frank Fleming, Runnells; Russell Fleming, Runnells; Leonai'd Formanek, Chelsea; Harold Forseman, Guthrie Center; Oscar Forseman, Guthrie Center; Gerald Francis, Storm Lake; Ralph Freel, Runnells; Her- bert Fricke, State Center; Irma Fricke, State Center; Paul Gallagher, Wil- liamsburg; Josephine Garden, Wapello; Leland Geiger, North English; Paul Gildner, Rock Falls; Fred W. Gilmore, North English; Ralph Givan, Grant; Emmette Goecke, Marshalltown; Earl Goetzman, Boone; Eldon Gohner, Grundy Center; Harry Gohner, Grundy Center; Virgil Goodrich, Malcom; Lewis Griffith, Audubon; Myron Griffith, Audubon; Ralph Hall- quist, Red Oak; Leland Halter, Melbourne; Lucian Hammon, Woodward; Leopold Hanke, Knoxville; Harry Hansen, Thornton; Ben Hansley, Exira; Hattie Harvey, Knoxville; Lena Harvey, Knoxville; Russell Hay ward, Dy- sart; Arthur Healy, North English; Arthur Henderson, Paullina; Donald Henderson, Central City; Walter L. Henderson, Paullina; Marion Hendrick- son, Nodaway; Howard Hill, Earlham; Ernest Hitzhutzen, Cartersville; Leon Hitzhutzen, Cartersville; John Holmquist, Marshalltown; Albert Ho- gan, Corning; Aloysious Hogan, Corning; Adolph Holm-, Red Oak; Ernest Hostetter, Grundy Center; Maxwell Hough, Weston; Carl Houston, Tama; Earl Houston, Tama; Helen Hurlburt, Conrad; Lloyd Jesse, Wilton Junc- tion; Griffith Johnson, Wilton Junction; Harry Johnson, Red Oak; Henry Johnston, Wilton Junction; Charlotte Jones, North English; Ivan Jones, Red Oak; Merle Jones, North English; Lee Julander, Boxholm; Joseph Kadolph, Eldora; Joseph A. Kelley, Daugherty; Leland Keen, Le Grand; Russell Kernen, Nodaway; Weston C. Kimm, Guthrie Center; Glenn L. Klatt, Rockford; Earl Korns, Hartwick; Nelson Korns, Hartwick; Bernice Krause, Nora Springs; Bernice and Jessie Krause, Nora Springs; Jessie Krause, Nora Springs; Vema Lanning, Rhodes; Lester Larson, Stanton; Paul Larson, Red Oak; Wayne Larson, Stanton; Albert Lengeman, Coon Rapids; Elmer Lengeman, Coon Rapids; Delbert Lewis, Runnells; Harlie Lewis, Bayard; Chester Lundquist, Stanton; Raymond Lynn, Grundy Cen- ter; Marjorie McAlpine, Villisca; Willis A. McAlpine, Villisca; Elizabeth McElroy, Nodaway; Mae McGuire, Storm Lake; Charlie Mclntire, Stuart; Ralph Mclntire, Stuart; Phillip McLean, Marshalltown; Elizabeth Mande- ville, Storm Lake; Marion Mandeville, Storm Lake; Windell Mann, Malcom; Ruth Manser, Storm Lake; Florence Martin, Monroe; Nellie Massee, Rock- ford; Alvin Matzen, Mason City; Edwin H. Matzen, Mason City; Ella Mat- zen, Mason City; Lawrence Matzen, Mason City; Donald Meinhard, Storm Lake; Kenneth Messer, Grundy Center; Charley Miller, Runnells; Grace Miller, Collins; Hurbert H. Miller, Runnells; Perry Miller, Brooklyn; Lee A. Miller, Audubon; Winsor Moore, Mt. Pleasant; Gifford Nelson, Dunlap; Orville Neville, Malcom; Raymond Nicholl, Gilman; Vera Nicholl, Gilman; Lee Norton, Wilton Junction; Frank O'Brien, North English; Lynn H. O'Brien, North English; Carl Olander, Stanton; Edward Ossian, Stanton; Simon Ossian, Stanton; Harold Pace, Muscatine; Clifford C. Palmquist, Stanton; Velma Parker, demons; Fay Perry, Gilman; Earl Peterson, Day- ton; Thowald Peterson, Storm Lake; Carrol Plager, Grundy Center; Dale 248 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Porter, Neola; Glenn Porter, Neola; Florence Posten, Villisca; Merle Pres- ton; Melbourne; "Wayne Probst, "West Liberty; Paul Purviance, Minburn; Donald Rees, Pleasantville; Ira Rees, Dunlap; Elliott Reutter, Ogden; Don- ald Ritchie, Marathon; "Wendell Ritchie, Marathon; "Willis Roberts, Deep River; Robert Rogers, Union; Delbert Royl, Grinnell; Earnest Schalow, Adair; Le Roy Scott, Marion; James Shepard, Muscatine; Vernon Shepard, Muscatine; Gerold Sherwood, Hartwick; J. "Wesley Sherwood, Knoxville; Kermit Sherwood, Knoxville; Virgil Sherwood, Hartwick; Sammy Slate, South English; George W. Smith, Dunlap; Iman Snyder, Boone; Herman Spencer, Runnells; Ray Spencer, Runnells; Beryle Spongier, Adair; Frank Spongier, Adair; Lennie Stark, Boxholm; Ralph Stark, Boxholm; Archi- bald Stinson, Villisca; Paul Stinson, Villisca; William and Herman Stock, Baxter; Clarence M. Stoner, South English; Geo. Stoner, South English; Horace Stoner, South English; Quentin Stowe, Ackley; Earl Stratton, Col- lins; Thomas Stratton, Collins; Ralph Stringham, Dexter; Stuart Stringham, Dexter; Irwin Swanson, Stanton; Ivan Swanson, Stanton; Ivar Swansou, Boxholm; Elmer Sweet, Storm Lake; Luvern Swigert, Boxholm; Theron Swigert, Boxholm; Geo. Swihart, Baxter; Clarence Taggart, Audubon; Clif- ford Tague, Kirkman; Clifton Teter, Stuart; Grace Teter, Knoxville; Henry Teter, Stuart; E. M. Thomas, Audubon; Loran Thorngren, Boxholm; Iver Thorsheim, Radcliffe; John Tucker, West Branch; Carroll Turner, Anita-; Eric Turner, Anita; Herbert Turner, Anita; Max Turner, Anita; Robt. Van Maren, Runnells; Walter Van Maren, Runnells; Burdette Van Note, Mason City; Lyle Van Note, Mason City; Buster Victor, Villisca; Etta Victor, Vil- lisca; James M. Vreizelaar, Otley; Richard Vriezelaar, Otley; Albert Wag- ner, North English; Howard "Wagner, North English; Donald Wallace, Marion; Keith Warne, Villisca; Donald "Wense, Melbourne; Charlotte "West- rope, Harlan; Amy "White, Rhodes; Dale "Wick, Mt. Pleasant; Clare "Wiley, Indianola; Pearl "Wiley, Indianola; Raymond Wiley, Indianola; Cecil "Wil- kinson, Cummings; Clarence Wilson, Storm Lake; Herbert Wilson, Storm Lake; Glen Windom, Nodaway; Lyle Wise, Decatur; Freman B. Wood, El- dora; Fred W. Wubbens, Wellsburg; Edward Zeman, Chelsea. MAINLICK First Shorthorn Baby Beef Steer. Glen Windom, Nodaway, Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 249 Shorthorn Market Calf ($25, $22, $20, $18, $16, $14, $14, $14, $14, $14, $12, $12, $12, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9, $S, $8, $8, $8, $8, $7, $7, $7, $7, $7, $7)— First, Glen Windom on Mainlick; second, Leland Halter on Dale's Mate; third, Dorothy Dennis on Brookside Model; fourth, Nellie A. McAlpin on Roan Diamond; fifth, Henry Johnston on Snow Ball; sixth, Velma Parker on Clara's Charmer; seventh, Lee Norton on Villagers Lad; eighth, Maurice Cook on Roan Lad 2d; ninth, Joseph Caputo on Knight of Brookside; tenth, Vera Nicholl on Red Count; eleventh, Harry Hansen on Gainford Type 1093990; twelfth, Virgil Sherwood on Nellie; thirteenth, Vir- gil Sherwood on Elden; fourteenth, Charlotte Westrope on Villager's Doro- thy; fifteenth, Albert Egan on Roan Count; sixteenth, Clifford Tague on Buddy; seventeenth, Elmer Carpenter on Billey Buster; eighteenth, Carl Olander on Diamond Flash; nineteenth, Herbert Fricke on Callissie's Type; twentieth, Leland Halter on Roan Dale; twenty-first, Clifford C. Palmquist on Diamond; twenty-second, Kenneth Burkhart on Silver King; twenty- third, Charley Miller; twenty-fourth, Cecil Cook on Babe Ruth; twenty- fifth, Velma Parker on Roan Coronet; twenty-sixth, Velma Lanning on Smooth Lad; twenty-seventh, Ralph Givan; twenty-eighth, Bruce Clampitt; twenty-ninth, Etta Victor on Diamond Villager; thirtieth, E. M. Thomas on Gainford Gloster; thirty-first, Fred W. Wubbens; thirty-second, Donald Dunham on Orphan Boy; thirty-third, Ronald Diggins on Sultans Champion; thirty-fourth, Earnest Hostetter on Redskin; thirty-fifth, Donald Rees on Annie; thirty-sixth, Elmer Lengerman. Hereford 3Iarket Calf ($25, $22, $20, $18, $16, $14, $14, $14, $14, $14, $12, $12, $12, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9, $8, $8, $8, $8, $8, $7, $7, $7, $7, $7, $7) — First, Clifford Benson on Beau Repeater; second, Alvin C. Matzen on Pat; third, Ruth Diller on Sunbeam Dare 1010353; fourth, C ecil Collins on White Face; fifth, Harry Goliner on Tom; sixth, Archie Braun on Adams; seventh, Phillip McLean on Beau Daisy; eighth, Emmett Goecke on Beauman; ninth, Earl Bennett on Generous Dare 1038960; tenth, Alvin C. Matzen on Prince Lad 27th 1000655; eleventh, Hans Anderson on BEAU REPEATER First Hereford Baby Beef Steer. Clifford Benson, La Moille, Iowa. 250 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Dick; twelfth, Richard Early on Bing; thirteenth, J. Wesley Sherwood; fourteenth, Leonard Formanek on Pilot; fifteenth, Dean Dodder on Laddie Dare; sixteenth, Paul Gallagher; seventeenth, Iver Thorsheim on Oliver Dale; eighteenth, Charlie Mclntire; ninteenth, Carl Benson on All Style; twentieth, Merle Jones; twenty-first, Harlie Lewis; twenty-second, Dale Wick on Farm Fairfax-Dale Wick; twenty-third, Loran Thorngren; twenty-fourth, John Tucker on Bobbie; twenty-fifth, John Tucker on Ben Hurr; twenty-sixth, Archie Braun on Royal Ace; twenty-seventh, Robert Rogers on Beau Moukton 10th; twenty-eighth, Lyle Wise on Grundy Lad 1008079; twenty-ninth, Archie Braun on Laddie; thirtieth, Weston C. Kimm: thirty-first, Lyle Van Note on Expect 2d; thirty-second, Jessie Krause on Jiggs; thirty-third, Blanche Curran on Buddie; thirty-fourth, Maurice Cook on Clearview Lad; thirty-fifth, Richard Brown; thirty-sixth, Doro- thy Dennis on Standard Lad. Aberdeen Angus ($25, $22, $20, $18, $16, $14, $14, $14, $14, $14, $12, $12, $12, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9, $8, $8, $8, $8, $8, $7, $7, $7, $7, $7, $7) — First, Dean Dodder on Bob; second, Edward Zeman on Johnnie; third, Robert Collins on Max; fourth, John Holmquist on Black Glenmore; fifth, Harold Pace on Quiet Lad; sixth, Fay Perry on Justo Blackbird; seventh, John Holmquist on Justo Max; eighth, Earl Stratton on Mingo Lad; ninth, Thomas Stratton on Baxter Baby; tenth, Horace Stoner on Laddie; eleventh, Orville Neville on Spot; twelfth, Lawrence Aves on "Smokes" Blackcap; thirteenth, Le Roy Scott; fourteenth, Joseph Caputo on Black Lad; fifteenth, Dean Dodder on George; sixteenth, Ray- mond Nicholl on Blackie; seventeenth, Clarence Egan on Black Knight; eighteenth, Wayne Probst on Louie; nineteenth, Russell Hayward on Rob- inhood; twentieth, Floyd Amsberry; twenty-first, Delbert Royal on Black- bird; twenty-second, Nelson Korns on Black Joe 3d; twenty-third, Harland Briggs on Harlan; twenty-fourth, Vera Nicholl on Bob; twenty-fifth, Harry Braun on McAllister; twenty-sixth, Lawrence Aves on Buster; twenty- E3n La ?? " I 11 1 >*=»=N | ^Jj r^> * * ' /♦•PhlPm^^^' ' ** **- mm 1 jay i: jL wTW "BOB" First Angus Baby Beef Steer. Dean Dodder, Letts, Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 251 seventh, Harry Braun on M. C. Halleck; twenty-eighth, Leonard Abbe; twenty-ninth, Garrett I. Bremer; thirtieth, Garrett I. Bremer; thirty-first, Leland Keen on Black Max; thirty-second, Horace Stoner on Dale III; thirty-third, Geo. Stoner on Wilbur; thirty-fourth, Elizabeth Mandeville on Lad; thirty-fifth, Harold Scott, Marion, Iowa, on Scott; thirty-sixth, Kenneth Messer on Prince Blue Blood. First Prize Calf (Gold Watch)— Dean Dodder on Bob. Champion (Silver Loving Cup) — Clifford Benson on Beau Repeater. COUNTY CALF CLUB EXHIBIT County Market Calf Club Exhibit of Ten Calves from Same County ($35, $25, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $10, $10, $9, $9, $9, $9, $9) — First, Marshall County Baby Beef Club; second, Cerro Gordo County Calf Club; third, Muscatine County Calf Club; fourth, Marshall County Calf Club; fifth, Tama County Calf Club; sixth, Keokuk County Calf Club; seventh, Iowa County Calf Club; eighth, Guthrie County Calf Club; ninth, Hardin County Calf Club; tenth, Henry County Calf Club; eleventh, Marshall County Calf Club; twelfth, Boone County Calf Club; thirteenth, Cerro Gordo County Calf Club; fourteenth, Marion County Calf Club. PURE BRED HEIFER CLUB Exhibitors — John Blake, Waukee ; Lloyd E. Burns, Orient ; Robert E. Burns, Orient; Joseph Caputo, Marshalltown; Eldon Cartwright, Boone; Robert Collins, Liscomb; Bertha Dannen, Melbourne; Mary Dannen, Melbourne; Laura Dawson, Washta; James Duff, Orient; Leland Duff, Orient; Leslie Harden, Corning; Earl Korns, Hartwick; Nelson Korns, Hartwick; Orville Neville, Mai com; Clark Plummer, Marshalltown; Lester Plummer, Mar- shalltown; Virgil Sherwood, Hartwick. Judge H. W. Vatjghan, St. Paul, Minn. SHORTHORN Senior Heifer Calf ($15) — First, Paul Purviance on Revelanta Queen. Junior Yearling Heifer ($15, $12, $10) — First, Eldon Cartwright on Snow Ball; second, Harry Brown on Royal May Flower III 1056568; third, Leslie Harden on Rosemary 6th 1078216. Champion Heifer (Trophy Offered by the Iowa Homestead) — Eldon Cart- wright on Snow Ball. HEREFORDS Junior Yearling Heifer ($15, $12, $10) — First, Verne Cooper on Dixie Bell 1033443; second, Leland Duff on Queen Blanchard 27th 1016717; third, James Duff on Queen Blanchard 28th 1016718. Champion Heifer (Trophy, offered by Wallace's Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa) — Verne Cooper on Dixie Bell 1033443. ABERDEEN ANGUS Senior Heifer Calf ($15, $12, $10) — First, John Blake on Blackbird Jewell; second, Robert Collins on Shenandoah Lassie; third, John Blake on Black- bird Gem. Senior Yearling Heifer ($15) — First, Joseph Caputo on Quaker Pearl. Junior Yearling Heifer ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $5) — First, Virgil Sherwood on Buckeye Valley Maggie 4th 352395; second, Clark Plummer on Quaker Blackbird 2d 328642; third, Earl Korns on Walnut Dell Pride 11th 345717; fourth, Mary Donner on Darky Girl 8th; fifth, Lloyd E. Burns on Queen Etta B. 347820; sixth, John Blake on Blackcap Bella Donna 349439. Champion Heifer ($25 Gold Watch, offered by the American Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association) — Virgil Sherwood on Buckeye Valley Maggie 4th 352395. Group, Consisting of Five Heaa, Shown by One Club ($30, $25) — First, Marshall County Baby Beef Club; second, Poweshiek County Baby Beef Club. 252 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV SWINE DEPARTMENT Superintendent Cyrus A. Tow, Norway, Iowa. POLAND CHINA Exhibitors — Anderson Bros., West Liberty ; Dale Barker, Keosauqua ; Bell Bros., Wood & Brown, Atlantic; Harry Benton, Mitchellville; John Blauer, Tingley; D. J. Burns, Stuart; Conrad & Dowling, Valley Junction; I. J. ■ Conrad, Melbourne; Marion Conrad, Melbourne; Conrad & Son, Melbourne; W. C. Conrad, Melbourne; Wm. Cottrill, Des Moines, R. F. D. 6; G. C. Cox, Oskaloosa; C. W. Crees, Coon Rapids, Iowa, R. F. D. 4; J. R. Crozier, Knox- ville.; Howard Dann, Waukee; B. M. Davis & Sons, Beaver City, Neb.; M. A. Dowling, Valley Junction; H. B. Duncan, Bagley; Ed Dvorak, Wilber, Neb.; S. L. Farlow, Ankeny; H. Fesenmeyer & Son, Clarinda; Fesenmeyer & Rucker Bros., Clarinda; H. B. Floto, State Center; J. M. Ford, Milo; Dr. C, C. Franks, Grimes; C. D. Freel, Runnells; L. H. Glover, Grandview, Mo.; Glover & Watts, Green City, Mo.; Ed. A. Greiner, Colo; Hague & Girton, Fairfield; W. B. Halsted, Van Wert; O. J. Hess, Worthington; Earl Howard, Shenandoah; D. E. Hudson & Sons, Montezuma; Elmer James, Selma; J. C. Johnson, Lynnville; John Jeppson, Goldfield; Harold Jump, Waukee; Lenene Jump, Waukee; Kessler Bros., Solon; Edd Kessel, Solon; Kessler Bros. & Smykil, Solon; Garrett P. Klein, Altoona; James C. Lane, Greenfield; Morris Legler, Letts; Wm. Lentz, Ankeny; C. Ray Leonard, Corning; D. C. Loner- gan & Son, Florence Station, Omaha, Neb.; Wilfred McClanahan, Bondur- ant, R. F. D. 2; Lawrence McGonish, West Liberty; Manchester Bros., Leon; Mandeville & Edson, Storm Lake; O. R. Mark, Adel; H. M. Menough, Grimes; P. M. Nichols, Iowa City; C. M. O'Neil, Colo; W. F. Otcheck & Son, Altoona; Isaac Overton, Knoxville; D. H. Paul, Haverhill; C. W. Phillips, New Shar- on; Omer Payne, Linden; O. E. Perry, Gilman; John L. Peters, Bouton; Pleasant Hill Farm, Leshara, Neb.; Pray & Thomas, Allerton; L. B. Price, Renwick; I. M. Reed, Oskaloosa; Fred G. Reis, Indianola; Willard Robin- son, State Center; Rucker Bros., Hepburn; Mark I. Shaw, Monroe; Fred Sievers, Audubon; Emil W. Smykil, Solon; Sophian Farms, Butler, Mo.; J. C. Spera & Son, Winterset; Wm. Timmerman, Manning; L. R. Van Nice, Russell; A. J. Way, New Sharon; Martin Wendres, West Liberty; Wengert Bros., State Center, R. F. D. 1; W. L. Wiley, Menlo; Alvin Windom & Son, Nodaway. Judge W. L. McNutt, Ord, Neb. Aged Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Conrad & Dowling on The Pathfinder 406701; second, Fred Sievers on Hawkeye King 407427; third, C. M. O'Neil on The Banker 421205; fourth, Garrett P. Klein on The Head- light 406699; fifth, Ed. A. Dvorak on Commander 2nd 430963; sixth, Pleasant Hill Farm on Western Honor 417615; seventh, Wm. Cottrill on The Iowan 407935. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4) — First, Kessler Bros. & Smykil on Prospect Giant; second, Fred Sievers on Giant King 461923; third, B. M. Davis & Sons on Black Raven 480227; fourth, C. W. Crees on Decide Again 121533; fifth, Lester R. Van Nice on The Harvester 129924. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, H. M. Mene- ough on The Great Mid-West 483623; second, Conrad & Dowling on The Armistice 459203; third, L. H. Glover on Columbias Pride 129229; fourth, C. W. Crees on Highland Ridge King 124806; fifth, J. C. Spera & Sons on Avalon 461011; sixth, I. M. Reed on Jack O. Hearts 484691; seventh, Pray & Thomas on Peter L. 472171. Senior Boar Pig ($12, $10 ,$8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Conrad & Dowling on Pathfinder Again 483057; second, L. H. Glover on Peter Grimm 129935; third, H. M. Meneough on The Shamrock 479653; fourth, Bell Bros., Wood & Brown on Radio 480631; fifth, C. Ray Leonard on Cashier 129396; sixth, Kessler Bros. & Smykil; seventh, Pleasant Hill Farm on Caruso. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 253 Junior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, I. J. Conrad on Buster Hawkeye 483044; second, M. A. Dowling on By Gosh 4811931; third, L. H. Glover on Animation 130006; fourth, I. J. Conrad on Baron Hadley 483045; fifth, M. A. Dowling on My Gosh 481935; sixth, Ed. A. Dvorak on Lil's Giant 1st 478731; seventh, Isaac Overton on, Giant Boy 483555. Aged Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, L. H. Glover on Liberator's Best II 278680; second, D. C. Lonergan & Sons on Iowa Giantess 283092; third, A. J. Way on Bob's Beauty 1511620; fourth, D. E. Hudson & Sons on Fair Liberty 915424; fifth, Earl Howard on Long Lady Timm 269799; sixth, L. H. Glover on Miss Highland 297016; seventh, Bell Bros., Wood & Brown on Slim 1131610. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3) — First, Conrad & Dowling on Hawkeye Miss 3d 1094954; second, Pleasant Hill Farm on Miss Victory 2d; third, L. H. Glover on Liberator's Pride 311486; fourth, Ed. A. Dvorak on Black Lil 3d 1072868; fifth, Wengert Bros, on Hawkeye Miss 2d 1094952; sixth, Kessler Bros. & Smykil. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Conrad & Dowling on Latchnite Maid 2d 1093494; second, Conrad & Dowling- on Latchnite Maid 1093492; third, H. M. Meneough on Rainbow Queen 1102094; fourth, L. H. Glover on Revelation's Lass 321083; fifth, Pleasant Hill Farm on Western Queen; sixth, L. H. Glover on Liberator's Model 305513; seventh, D. C. Lonergan & Sons on Designer Girl 297636. Senior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Conrad & Dowling on Pathfinder Miss 2d 1186224; second, Conrad & Dowling on Rainbow Miss 1176632; third, L. H. Glover on Revelation Alice 321086; fourth, H. M. Meneough on The Blarney Queen 1176220; fifth, Pleasant Hill Farm on Victory Giantess 2d; sixth, H. M. Meneough on The Irish Rose 1176222; seventh, Kessler Bros. & Smykil on Big Emma. Junior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, M. A. Dowling on Armistice Miss 183030; second, L. H. Glover on Revelation Lillie II 321309; third, I. J. Conrad on Hawkeye Wonder 1186210; fourth, Ed. A. Dvorak on THE PATHFINDER Grand Champion Poland China Boar. Conrad & Dowling, Melbourne, Iowa. 254 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Lil's Giantess 1st 1173512; fifth, Marvin Conrad; sixth, I. J. Conrad on Iowa Lass 1186212; seventh, A. J. Way on Bob's Beauty 1st 1186814. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — Conrad & Dowling on The Pathfinder 406701. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — I. J. Conrad on Buster Hawkeye 483044. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — Conrad & Dowling on The Path- finder 406701. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — L. H. Glover on Liberator's Best 2d 278680. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Conrad & Dowling on Pathfinder Miss 2d 1186224. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — L. H. Glover on Liberator's Best 2d 278680. Aged Herd, Owned hy Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4) — First, Conrad & Dowling-; second, L. H. Glover; third, H. M. Meneough; fourth, Pleasant Hill Farm; fifth, Kessler Bros. & Smykil. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred hy Exhibitor ($15, $12) — First, P. M. Nickols; second, H. M. Meneough. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Con- rad & Dowling; second, M. A. Dowling; third, I. J. Conrad; fourth, L. H. Glover; fifth, H. M. Meneough; sixth, Pleasant Hill Farm; seventh, A. J. Way. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, M. A. Dowling; second, I. J. Conrad; third, L. H. Glover; fourth, H. M. Meneough; fifth, Pleasant Hill Farm; sixth, A. J. Way; seventh, C. Ray Leonard. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, I. J. Conrad; second, M. A. Dowling; third, M. A. Dowling; fourth, L. H. Glover; fifth, Pleasant Hill Farm; sixth, H. M. Meneough; seventh, A. J. Way. Produce of Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Conrad & Dowling; second, M. A. Dowling; third, I. J. Conrad; fourth, L. H. Glover; fifth, H. M. Meneough; sixth, A. J. Way; seventh, C. Ray Leonard. DUROC JERSEYS. Exhibitors — A. E. Alaway, 30th and Granger, Des Moines; A. P. Alsin, Boone; C. E. Alsin, Boone; Ralph Allgood, Lacey; Clyde Barnett, Redfield; Chas. L. Berry, Route No. 1, Iowa City; Fred Bonnesen, Kimballton; J. M. Brockway & Co., Letts; A. V. Carey, Jewell; M. C. Cramer & Son, Monroe; Chas. S. Crawford, Indianola; J. C. Danner, Yale; Roy Demory. Indianola; J. J. Emmons, Saline, Mo.; Fernow & Enck, Marion; Lysle Fox, Dallas Cen- ter; Virgil Fox, Dallas Center; Worlie Frost, Waukee; L. W. Gibbons, Car- lisle; Lucian S. Gibbs, Clearfield; W. H. Gibson & Sons, Marion; Howard B. Good, Plainfield; Hanks, Bishop & Droz, New London; Emmet C. Han- shaw, Douds; W. H. Helmke, Renwick; Bert Holmes, Muscatine; Paul Hoag, Muscatine; Lloyd Harvenagle, Atalissa; Frank Hawker, West Lib- erty; W. J. Hanson, Holbrook; Jas. L. Harper & Son, Ames; Ernest J Hawker, West Liberty; J. E. Hester, Earlham; Fred Hawker, West Liberty; F. E. Humphrey, North English; D. E. Huston, Iowa Falls; litis & Ol- sen, Route No. 1, Des Moines; Jones & Lengeman, Coon Rapids; Fred Knop, Charter Oak; Leonard Lister, Marshalltown; W. W. Lockrodge, North Eng- lish; C. W. McDuff, Monroe; R. G. McDuff, Monroe; Aloysius McKee, Creston; McKee Bros., Creston; J. W. McGee, Melrose; A. E. Mallory, Hampton; Mallory & Lindeman, Hampton; Mallory & Skillen, Hampton; Mallory & Trotter, Hampton; Mallory & Wilp, Hampton; Francis Mapes, Earlham; Middleswart & Hall, Carlisle; Miner Bros., Clear Lake; Paul Neuroth, Haverhill; Roy Neuroth, Haverhill; Roy Nichol, Clemmons; Stacy Nicholl, Jr., Clemons; Owen & Son, Guthrie Center; E. L. Perry, St. An- thony; Lee A. Perry, Indianola; Ben H. Person, Adelphi; Adam Pfeiffer, Baxter; Ray Roush, Douds; Lennie Royer, Adel; Walter Sargent, Mitchell- ville; John Schoborg, Haverhill; I. W. Shannon, Ackworth; W. B. Shaw, Monroe; Jake Siebrands, Allison; M. Spencer, Audubon; Ben G. Studer, AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 255 Wesley; Harold Swallow, Valley Junction; Howard Swallow, Valley Junc- tion; Thompson & Zellmer, Atlantic; Mike Trier, Keota; United States In- dian School, Genoa, Neb.; Roy Vaughn, Selma; Vipond & Son, Algona; C. F. Waldo, DeWitt, Neb.; J. D. Waltemeyer & Son, Melbourne; Lloyd Wellen- dorf, Algona; Donald Wensel, Melbourne; Grant White, Afton; R. W. Wiles, Goddell; Wilson & Gurgery, Harlan; Harold Zellmar, Atlantic; Oscar Zellmar, Atlantic. Judge Chas. A. Marker, Auburn, 111. Aged Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. A. Vipond & Sons on Sensation King 359231; second, Howard B. Good on King of Pathmasters 409199; third, Jones & Lengeman on Iowa Sensation 369277; fourth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Sky Pilot 362835; fifth, Thompson & Zellmer on Emancipator 417201; sixth, W. H. Helmke on Reformer's Giant 436177; seventh, Selbrand and Mallory on Path's Sensation 344163. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Jr. Col. Pathfinder 412369; second, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Unique Colonel 410389; third, McKee Bros, on The Rival 406033; fourth, Mal- lory & Trotter on Giant Wonder I am Jr. 424435; fifth, Fred Knop on Ideal Orion Sensation 446165; sixth, J. E. Hester on Bandmaster 405037; seventh, Ralph Allgood on Pathfinder Orion 443987. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. D. Walte- meyer & Son on J. D.'s Sensation 426751; second, Fred B. Owens & Sons on High Colonel 408435; third, M. Spencer on Good Enough Sen. 409283; fourth, Ben H. Person on Uneeda Sensation King B. 405479; fifth, litis and Olson on Pathfinders Last 412599; sixth, Bert Holmes on Pathfinder Bill 457091; seventh, Vanmeter & Son's on Imperial Revelation 407437. Senior Boar Pig ($12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Bert Holmes on Sen- sation Jack 455099; second, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Unique Pathmaker 456097; third, Thompson & Zellmer on Gigantic Sensation 456327; fourth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Pilot Orion 1st 454739; fifth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Pilot Orion 454737; sixth, Jones & Lengeman an Some Sensation; seventh, W. J. Hanson on Young Raven 457017. Junior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Aloysius McKee on Rival's Leader; second, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on J. D. Sensation 2d 454733; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Sky Pilot Jr. 454715; fourth, Bert Holmes on Pathfinder Bill 2d 457093; fifth, Aloysius McKee on Rivals Masterpiece; sixth, W. W. Lockridge on Laddie 455197; seventh, W. W. Lockridge on Exampler 455195. Aged Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, E. L. Perry on Miss Wonder Giant 1st 939314; second, Hanks, Bishop & Droz; third, J. M. Brockway on Delia Pathfinder Sensation 1st; fourth, J. M. Brockway on Queen of Sen- sation 944516; fifth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Wonder Maid 8th 938354; sixth, McKee Bros, on Pathfinder Queen 1085528; seventh, McKee Bros, on M. B.'s Giant Lady 1085338. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. D. Walte- meyer & Son on Belle Wonder 3d 1094304; second, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Belle Wonder 1094298; third, Mike Trier on Pathmaster Maid 1190338; fourth, Fred Bonnesen on Star Lady 1074330; fifth, U. S. Indian School on Utmost Lady 1071538; sixth, Jones & Lengeman on Eveland's Sensation Col 1028200; seventh, Fred Bonnesen on Star Lady 2d 1074332. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $S, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, McKee Bros, on M. B.'s Giantess; second, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Wonder Belle 1186438; third, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Miss Royal Wonder 2d 1180216; fourth, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Miss Royal 3d 1180218; fifth, McKee Bros, on Rival's Lady 1072454; sixth, A. E. Mallory on Trailfinder's Mae 3d 1223336; seventh, U. S. Indian School on Miss Critic Prince 3d 1071534. Senior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Miss Sky Pilot 1st 1221960; second, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Rosa Pathmarker 1225072; third, Hanks, Bishop & Droz on Rosa Pathmarker 256 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV 2d 1225066; fourth, Jones & Lengeman on Iowa's Pride II; fifth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Miss Pilot 1221958; sixth, W. J. Hanson on Raven Lady 1227426; seventh, U. S. Indian School on Wonder Princess 1219438. Junior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, W. W. Lockridge on Lady 1223042; second, W. W. Lockridge on Lassie 1223040; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Sensation Bell 1st 1221946; fourth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Sensation Bell 2d 1221948; fifth, Donald Wensel on Don's Sen- sation 1st 1221938; sixth, McKee Bros, on Pathfinder Pet; seventh, Lester Leonard on Pilots Rose 1st. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — J. A. Vipond & Sons on Sensation King 359231. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — Bert Holmes on Sensation Jack 455099. SENSATION KING Grand Champion Duroc Boar. J. A. Vipond & Sons, Algona, Iowa. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — J. A. Vipond & Sons on Sensation King 359231. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — McKee Bros, on M. B. Giantess. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — W. W. Lockridge on Lady 1223042. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — McKee Bros, on M. B. Giantess. Aged Herd, Owned hy Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2)— First, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; second, Hanks, Bishop & Droz; third, McKee Bros ; fourth, J. M. Brockway; fifth, Jones & Lengeman; sixth, Thompson & Zell- mer; seventh, U. S. Indian School. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3) — First, McKee Bros.; second, Jones & Lengeman; third, U. S. Indian School; fourth, Jones & Lengeman; fifth, Fred Bonnesen; sixth, A. E. Mallory. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Hanks, Bishop & Droz; second, W. W. Lockridge; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; fourth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; fifth, Bert Holmes; sixth, Aloysius McKee; seventh, Jones & Lengeman. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 257 Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, W. W. Lockridge; second. J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; third, J. D. Walt.e- meyer & Son; fourth, McKee Bros.; fifth, Jones & Lengeman; sixth, Thomp- son & Zellmer; seventh, Bert Holmes. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, McKee Bros.; second, Hanks, Bishop & Droz; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; fourth, Hanks, Bishop & Droz; fifth, W. W. Lockridge; sixth, U. S. Indian School; seventh, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son. Produee of Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6. $4, $3, $2) — First, Aloysius McKee; second, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; third, Hanks, Bishop & Droz; fourth, W. W. Lockridge; fifth, U. S. Indian School; sixth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; seventh, Jones & Lengeman. CHESTER WHITES Exhibitors — A. F. Anderson, Selma ; Wells B. Andrews, New London ; J. L. Barber, Harlan; Chas. Barr, Ames; Lester Brand, West Liberty; W. T. Barr, Ames; B. M. Boyer & Son, Farmington; John Brauchle, Fort Dodge; Chas. T. Bronn. Webster City; Clifford Cochran, West Liberty; Fred L, Cooper. Ames; Wm. Denen, Joy, 111.; J. L. Dickerson, Knoxville; Dale Fos- ter, West Liberty; W. S. French & Son, Farmington; G. R. Gilbert, Prairie City; M. P. Herbert, Atlantic; George Herwehe, Monroe; Fred S. Hime- bauch, Estherville; E. F. Johnson. Guernsey; C. H. Jones, Oxford Junction; R. J. Jones, Iowa City; J. H. Lachmiller, Webster City; Geo. A. Lasley & Son, Selma; J. A. Loughridge & Sons, Delta; L. L. Lyle, Webster City; Mahannahs, North English; Will Michael, Selma; E. L. Nagle & Son, Deep River; Fred Newsome, North English; Edw. Niederhauser, Marshall- town; C. S. Rock, West Liberty; Arthur W. Runft, Reinbeck; Clarence Runft, Reinbeck; Elmer F. Stimmell & Son, Oxford; Albert H. Stuart, New Hall; R. B. Tubhs, Emerson; Lloyd Walters, West Liberty; Leonard Willey, Menlo; R. E. Williams, Iowa City. Judge Chas. A. Marker,, Auburn, 111. Aged Boar ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, G. R. Gilbert on Big Improver 96137; second, W. T. Barr on Big Joe's Monster 98535; third, John Brauchle on Scottlea Man O'War 106887; fourth, L. L. Lyle on Giant Model 99361; fifth, B. M. Boyer & Son on Gem the Giant 20287; sixth, M. P. Herbert on Aviator 75733; seventh, Leonard Willey on High Back Defender 220043. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $10) — First, Fred Newsome on Modern Giant 116413; second, Albert H. Stuart on Iowan's Pilot 105539; third, L. L. Lyle on White Giant C 220775. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. L. Dick- erson on Big Iowan 105541; second, J. L. Barber on Bayardsdale Prince 119681; third, Leonard Willey on Defender 1st 105185; fourth, J. H. Lach- miller on Western King 106017; fifth, R. B. Tubbs on Alfalfa Promoter 108805; sixth, Geo. Herewehe on Prairie Boy 111985; seventh. W. T. Barr on Sensation's Prince 105649; eighth, R. E. Williams on Bonnie's Favorite 105787. Senior Boar Pig ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Mahannahs on Bim O. K. 222195; second, G. R. Gilbert on High Boy 220879; third, W. T. Barr on Hiland Critic 109649; fourth, W. T. Barr on Big- Leader 109653; fifth, Wells B. Andrews on Wakawa 221285; sixth, B. M. Boyer & Sons on True Type 220915; seventh, L. L. Lyle on Lyle's Model 220771; eighth, John Brauchle on Long Bone Buster 221637. Junior Boar Pig ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2)— First, Mahannahs on O. K.'s G. I. I. 221089; second, B. M. Boyer & Sons on Leading Type 10th 220903; third, Mahannahs on O. K.'s Speed Limit 221083; fourth, J. L, Dickerson on Iowa Mogul 224721; fifth, C. S. Rock on Silver Chimes 221785; sixth, W. T. Barr on The Rambler 221917; seventh, J. L. Dickerson on Iowa Advance 224723; eighth, G. R. Gilbert on Big Giant 220873. 17 258 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Aged Sow ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Arthur W. Runft on Big Lady 1st 218934; second, B. M. Boyer & Son on Mona 10th 34838; third, J. L. Dickerson on Lady Giantess 244860; fourth, Chas. F. Brown on Onega's Best 183776; fifth, Chas. F. Brown on Alfalfa Lady 177888; sixth, G. R. Gilbert on Prairie Princess 230344; seventh, W. T. Barr on Ethel Bell 221320; eighth, John Brauchle on Soldier Creek Surprise 153162. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Wells B. Andrews on O. K.'s W. P. 3rd 246582; second, R. B. Tubbs on Tubbs Princess 275098; third, W. T. Barr on Miss Model 269864; fourth, John Brauchle on Miss Over The Top 285106; fifth, R. E. Williams on Big Doll 286152; sixth, B. M. Boyer & Sons on Combination Lady 2d 273574. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Arthur W. Runft on Giantess A. 273310; second, B. M. Boyer & Son on Ideal Type 283356; third, W. T. Barr on Model Girl 5th 256804; fourth, B. M. Boyer & Son on Lady Advance 2d 244764; fifth, G. R. Gilbert on Miss Improver 246752; sixth, W. T. Barr on Highland Lady 8th 256800; seventh, Arthur W. Runft on Giantess B. 273316; eighth, R. E. Williams on Goldie 246504. Senior Sow Pig ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. L. Barber on J. L.'s Delight 283882; second, W. T. Barr on Big Lady 256806; third, B. M. Boyer & Son on Princess L's Type 283346; fourth, Arthur W. Runft on Buster Lady 1st 281496; fifth, R. E. Williams on Rainbow Sail 287672; sixth, Wells B. Andrews on Elnora A. 283662; seventh, Mahannahs on Smiles 283768; eighth, G. R. Gilbert on High Girl 283290. Junior Sow Pig ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, C. S. Rock on Miss Chimes 1st 283668; second, W. T. Barr on Lady Marie III 285594; third, Albert H. Stuart on Pilots Princess 283990; fourth, J. L. Dickerson on Iowa Princess 294564; fifth, Mahannahs on O. K.'s W. P. 6th 283776; sixth, C. S. Rock on Miss Chimes 2d 283670; seventh, Albert H. Stuart on Pilots Princess 2d 283992; eighth, W. • T. Barr on Lady II 285592. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — Fred Newsome on Modern Giant 116413. MODERN GIANT Grand Champion Chester White Boar. Fred Newsome, North English, Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 259 t Junior Champion Boar ($10) — Mahannahs on Bim O. K. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($10) — Fred Newsome on Modern Giant 116413. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Wells B. Andrews on O. K.'s W. P. 3rd 246582. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — J. L. Barber on J. L.'s Delight 2S3882. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($10) — Wells B. Andrews on O. K.'s W. P. 3rd 2465S2. Aged Herd, Owned hy Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $5, $4, $3) — First, G. R. Gilbert; second, B. M. Boyer & Son; third, W. T. Barr; fourth, Arthur W. Runft; fifth, Chas. F. Brown; sixth, R. E. Williams; seventh, John Brauchle; eighth, Leonard Willey. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7) — First, B. M. Boyer & Sons; second, W. T. Barr; third, John Brauchle; fourth, Leonard Willey; fifth, Arthur W. Runft. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $5, $4, $3) — First, Mahannahs; second, C. S. Rock; third, B. M. Boyer & Son; fourth. W. T. Barr; fifth, Arthur W. Runft; sixth, Wells B. Andrews; seventh, G. R. Gilbert; eighth, Albert H. Stuart. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $5, $4, $3) — First, Mahannahs; second, C. S. Rock; third, B. M. Boyer & Sons; fourth, W. T. Barr; fifth, Arthur W. Runft; sixth, G. R. Gilbert; seventh, Albert H. Stuart; eighth, L. L. Lyle. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4) — First, Mahannahs; second, Mahannahs; third, B. M. Boyer & Sons; fourth, W. T. Barr; fifth, C. S. Rock; sixth, W. T. Barr; seventh, Arthur W. Runft; eighth, G. R. Gilbert. Produee of Sow ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4) — First, Mahannahs; second, B. M. Boyer & Sons; third, W. T. Barr; fourth, C. S. Rock; fifth, W. T. Barr; sixth, G. R. Gilbert; seventh, Arthur W. Runft; eighth, Wells B. Andrews. HAMPSHIRES Exhibitors — Chas. (Baldwin, Gladbrook ; Carroll Bennett, Dexter ; Verle Bennett, Dexter; Walter Berkhiser, Mt. Pleasant, R. F. D. 3; Bockleman & Mills, Sioux City; C. S. Bratt & Son, Arapahoe, Neb.; P. P. Ceders, Genoa, Neb.; B. G. Chaplin & Son, Mt. Sterling; Hendrickson & Lang Bros., Brook- lyn; E. L. Hem, Selma; Chas. Hibbs, Le Grand; Ralph Hibbs, Le Grand; L. T. Hibbs, Le Grand; N. B. Hoskins & Son, Cantril; Howard Hunt, Red- field; Merrill Hunt, Redfield; Burton F. Huston, Waukee; Johnson & Chris- tianson, Genoa, Neb.; E. E. Johnson, Genoa, Neb.; Chas. Kelly & Sons, Iowa City, R. F. D. 7; Clarence Kruse, West Liberty; Leland Keen, Le Grand; Oscar Klein, Alden; E. D. Lawson & Sons, Ravenwood, Mo.; Levson Bros., Wyoming; Lewis Bros. & DeKalb, Osceola; Dorel Miller, Muscatine; Mahaffa & McConnell, Waukee, R. F. D. 1; H. G. Manuel & Son, Center Junction; Meier Bros., Melbourne; C. M. Merkley, Sac City; Clayton Mess- enger, Keswick; M. C. Morrison, Adelphi; Edwin Nay, West Liberty; Ray C. Peet, Martelle; R. L. Pemberton, Le Grand; Merrill Radloff, Le Grand; A. M. Railsbach, Griswold; Harold Robinson, Rhodes; Carl Rylander, Le Grand; J. M. Sanders, Hartley; Will Sargent, Brooklyn; L. E. and Marie Sipple, Kalona; Art Shaw, Oskaloosa, R. F. D. 2; Ed Steffens, Lowden; Frank W. Talbott, Selma; F. W. Timmerman, West Liberty; Julius Tim- merman, West Liberty; Elmer Tow, Martelle; Boyd G. Weidlein, Webster City; Albert Weiss, Denison; Walter "Weiss, Denison; Wickfield Farms, Cantril; W. F. Yongst & Son, State Center; Julius Zimmerman, West Lib- erty. Judge T. A. Flenner, Ashmore, 111. Aged Boar ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Mahaffa & McConnell on The Peer 81521; second, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Quicksilver 260 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV 80089; third, C. M. Merkey on The Pilot 86515; fourth, F. W. Timmerman on Wickware Tommey 58193; fifth, B. G. Chaplin & Son on Lookout Wood- row 103799; sixth, Art Shaw on Rainbow Kink 96675; seventh, Levsen Bros, on Villager Lad 99075; eighth, P. P. Cedar on Nebraska King 80305. Senior Yearling Boar ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5)— First, H. G. Manuel & Sons on Prince Tommy 101055; second, Clayton Messenger on Hawkeye Col. 103081; third, Lewis Bros. & DeKalb on DeKalbs King 202d 118743; fourth, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Giant 114145; fifth, Albert "Weiss on la. Lad Jr. 103013; sixth, F. W. Timmerman on D. K. King's Pal 103837; seventh, Charles Kelley & Sons on Tommy Boy 103319; eighth, C. M. Merkey on Cavilier Lad 103285. Junior Yearling Boar ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Monarch's Defender 103327; second, Wickfield Farms on Wickware Radio 119107; third, O. T. Klein on Hawkeye Side Light 113175; fourth, Boyd G. Weidlein on Lookout Starlight's Lad 102865; fifth, C. M. Merkey on Big Bone Equal 119485; sixth, Levsen Bros, on Lookout La Salle 120289; seventh, Clayton Messenger on Masterpiece 106839; eighth, Meier Bros, on Wickware Giant 104323. Senior Boar Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, F. W. Timmerman on W. T. Charmer 120499; second, Levsen Bros, on Lookout Dale 118783; third, F. W. Timmerman on Royal Cherokee Jr. 120505; fourth, J. M. San- ders on Giant Jr. Again 119343; fifth, Hendrickson & Lang on Pershing Advocate 120015; sixth, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Busy American 121065; sev- enth, C. S. Bratt & Son on Bratt & Autlers King 15th 118411; eighth, Wick- field Farms on Lookout Ridgeway 120569. Junior Boar Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Jack Defender 121067; second, J. M. Sanders on Goliath 120059; third, M. C. Morrison on Morrell's Ace 119731; fourth, Will Sargent on To- day's Marvel 120021; fifth, Backelman & Mills on Tommie Donuno; sixth, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Defender's Rival 121069; seventh, J. M. Sanders on Giant W. 119335; eighth, F. W. Timmerman on Royal Defender 120507. Aged Sow ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, J. M. Sanders on Minnie 3d 223490; second, J. M. Sanders on Minnie 9th 223502; third, Wickfield Farms on Inez Wickware 182334; fourth, F. W. Timmerman on Miss Rex- etta 219848; fifth, Wickfield Farms on Roxy May Lookout 212116; sixth, C. M. Merkey on Maple Wood Maid 237030; seventh, L. T. Hibbs on Lettie 207560; eighth, Boyd G. Weidlein on Flora Tipton Starlight 245708. Senior Yearling Sow ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Elmer Tow on Ruby Parole 251614; second, C. M. Merkey on Iowa Priness 251578; third, F. W. Timmerman on Sarah 253100; fourth, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Fancy 251824; fifth, Boyd G. Weidlein on Favorite Starlight 245706; sixth, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Lieutenant Caroline 251650; seventh, Johnson & Christenson on Silver Queen I Am 6th 251904; eighth, E. E. Johnson & Son on Silver Queen I Am 7th 251906. Junior Yearling Sow ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Giant Jane 251652; second, Hendrickson & Lang on Pershing's Queen 304388; third, Boyd G. Weidlein on Favorite's Best 250286; fourth, Hendrickson & Lang on Pershing's Lady 304386; fifth, Boyd G. Weidlein on Lookout Starlight's Lady 250292; sixth, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Cherokee Pet 6th 268184; seventh, Elmer Tow on Grace Parole 251624; eighth, F. W. Timmerman on Model's Pride 253108. Senior Sow Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Melba 306046; second, F. W. Timmerman on Miss Rose Bud 305772; third, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Roseland 306052; fourth, Hen- drickson & Lang on Topsy Again 304120; fifth, R. L. Pemberton on Sioux Maid 304502; sixth, Levsen Bros, on Lookout Pauline 305056; seventh. Chas. Kelly & Sons on Betty Lass 307478; eighth, C. S. Bratt & Son on Bratt's Queen 15th 298892. Junior Sow Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5)— First, Julius Timmerman on Miss Rainbow 305778; second, Merrill Hunt on Merry Girl; third, Wick- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 261 field Farms on Winnie Wickware 306826; fourth, M. C. Morrison on Mor- rel's Lady 303600; fifth, Chas. Kelly & Sons on Wayward Lady 307484; sixth, ^iola Yongst on Miss Longfellow 2d; seventh, F. W. Timmerman on Royal's Girl 305762; eighth, M. C. Morrison on Maud's Best 303596. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — H. G. Manuel & Sons on Prince Tommy 101055. Junior Champion Boar 120499. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($10) Tommy 101055. ($10) — F. W. Timmerman on W. Charmer -H. G. Manuel & Son on Prince PRINCE TOMMY Grand Champion Hampshire Boar. H. G. Manuel & Son, Center Junction, Iowa. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Chas. Kelly & Sons on Giant Jane 251652. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Julius Timmerman on Miss Rainbow 305778. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($10) — Chas. Kelly & Sons on Giant Jane 251652. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Chas. Kelly & Sons; second, Wickfield Farms; third, F. W. Timmerman; fourth, Wickfield Farms; fifth, C. M. Merkey; sixth, Hendrickson & Lang; seventh, Boyd G. Weidlein; eighth, Elmer Tow. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Wickfield Farm; second, F. W. Timmerman; third, C. M. Merkey; fourth, Hendrickson & Lang; fifth, Boyd G. Weidlein; sixth, Elmer Tow; seventh, Clayton Messenger; eighth, J. M. Sanders. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, F. W. Timmerman; second, Wickfield Farm; third, M. C. Morrison; fourth, Chas. Kelly & Sons; fifth, Julius Timmerman; sixth, J. M. Sanders; seventh, C. S. Bratt & Son; eighth, F. W. Timmerman. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $8, $8, $6) — First, F. W. Timmerman; second, Wickfield Farm; third, M. C. Morri- 262 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV son; fourth, Chas. Kelly & Sons; fifth, J. M. Sanders; sixth, C. S. Bratt & Son; seventh, F. W. Timmerman; eighth, Levson Bros. Get of Sire ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $8, $8, $6) — First, F. W. Timmerman; second, Chas. Kelly & Sons; third, Wickfield Farm; fourth, Hendrickson & Lang-; fifth, M. C. Morrison; sixth, Boyd G. Weidlein; seventh, Elmer Tow; eighth, J. M. Sanders. Produce of Sow ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $8, $8, $6) — First, Eimer Tow; sec- ond, Julius Timmerman; third, Wickfield Farm; fourth, J. M. Sanders; fifth, Boyd G. Weidlein; sixth, TSL C. Morrison; seventh, C. S. Bratt & Sou; eighth, Clayton Messenger. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the Iowa Hampshire Breeders' Association. Best Pair of Pigs, Under Six Months ($25, $20, $15, $10, $5, $3, $2) — First, lulius Timmerman; second, Chas. Kelly & Sons; third, M. C. Morrison; fourth, Levsen Bros.; fifth, Wickfield Farms; sixth, Boyd G. Weidlein; sev- enth, F. W. Timmerman. Four Pigs, Any Sex, Under Six Months ($25, $20, $15, $10, $5, $3 $2) — First, M. C. Morrison; second, Chas. Kelly & Sons; third, Julius Timmer- man; fourth, Wickfield Farms; fifth, Boyd G. Weidlein; sixth, F. W. Tim- merman; seventh, Levsen Bros. SPOTTED POLAND CHINAS. Exhibitors — L. R. Barton, Bondurant ; Carl I. Bingley, Carlisle ; Blanke Bros., Taintor; Frank Bragdon, Route No. 1, Ankeny; Wm. Buchanan. Adel; Clyde L. Burkett, Minburn; Robt. Butler, Prairie City; Donald Clayton, Waukee; Verne Clayton, Waukee; Ivan Compton, Dexter; Dauley Bros., Prairie City; R. W. Davisson, North English; W. W. Davisson & Sons, Well- man; H. A. Dunlap, Williamsburg; C. B. Evitt, Menlo; J. C. Freel, Runnells; Earl Fry, Iowa City; Fred Goetry, Russell; T. M. Hayden, Creston; Foss O. Heaton, Shannon City; F. L. Jackson, Yetter; Bliss James, Carlisle; A. Lamas, Piano; Laughlin & Co., 219 Adams St., Creston; D. L. Millsap, Pow- ersville, Mo.; Moore & Miller, Belton, Mo.; Geo. B. Morrison, Batavia; Glen Mortimer, Minburn; C. C. Nichols, Prairie City; Richard Olsen, Adel; Vernon R. Olson, Dunbar; Paul A. Palmer, What Cheer; Reinert & Son, Harper; Shaver & Fry, Kalona; John T. Sutliff, Huntsville, Mo.; Taylor & Taylor, What Cheer; J. O. Van Devender, Adel; J. P. Williams, Springville. Judge Clayton Messenger., Keswick, Iowa. Aged Boar ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Giant Improver 16533; second, Wm. Reinert & Son on Up English Buster 33863; third, Earl Fry on English Pathfinder 33857; fourth, Blanke Bros, on Arch Back Master 46635; fifth, Paul A. Palmer on English Buster 33865; sixth, Shaver & Fry on Buster Bill 31689; seventh, L. P. Townsend on Car- mine's Arch Back 1st 32399; eighth, W. W. Davisson & Sons on Ranger's Pride 36145. Sen.ior Yearling Boar ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $S, $7)— First, T. M. Hayden on English Extreme Type 53573; second, Carl I. Bingley on Repeater 46639; third, G. B. Morrison on Spotted Joe 2d 53949; fourth, Danley Bros, on F.'s Crystal 53813; fifth, H. A. Dunlap on Arch Back Chanclor; sixth, C. B. Evitt on Duke's Chief 60431; seventh, D. S. Millsap on American Arch Back 54729. Junior Yearling Boar ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Arch Back Rainbow King 57823; second, Bliss James on The Highlander 68945; third, C. B. Evitt on Peerless Giant 64151; fourth, Shaver & Fry on Pathmaster 61921; fifth, A. Lamas on The Marnel's Im'p. Wonder 69107; sixth, Blanke Bros, on Perfect Marvel 68401; seventh, Elmer E. Strimmel on English Booster; eighth, H. A. Dunlap on Dunlap's Arch Back. Senior Boar Pig ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Earl Fry on English Improver; second, Taylor & Taylor on T.'s Masterpiece 68247; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 263 third, Taylor & Taylor on Creator 64871; fourth, Bliss James on Marnel's Supreme 68949; fifth, Danley Bros, on Gay Booster 70343; sixth, Shaver & Fry on Silver Spot 67229; seventh, H. A. Dunlap on Type Promotor; eighth, C. B. Evitt on Argonaut. Junior Boar Pig ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Earl Fry on Royal Pathfinder; second, W. W. Davisson & Sons on Supreme Lad 68833; third, Earl Fry on Pathfinders Equal; fourth, Fred Goltry on Yankee Doodle 69013; fifth, Fred Goltry on Syracuse 69009; sixth, Shaver & Fry on English Harvester 67437; seventh, L. R. Barton on Pickett King's Pride 68581; eighth, W. W. Davisson & Sons on Pilot's Orange 68831. Aged Sow ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Paul A. Palmer on Clanmaster Kind 113S20; second, Paul A. Palmer on Clanmaster Type 113818; third, Taylor & Taylor on Giant's Buster Masterpiece 79702; fourth, Earl Fry on Duke's Giantess 77488; fifth, Shaver & Fry on English Maid I 90984; sixth, C. B. Evitt on O Bena 45th 76830; seventh, R. W. Davission on Spotted Giantess 118810; eighth, W. W. Davisson & Sons on Pilot Queen 147446. Senior Yearling Sow ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Corrector's Giantess 198182; second, W. W. Davisson & Sons on Pilot Lady 198994; third, Taylor & Taylor on North 154932; fourth, Shaver & Fry on F.'s Julien 164548; fifth, George B. Morrison on Big Susan 194931; sixth, R. Laughlin & Co. on High Spot Maid 187608; seventh, R. Laughlin & Co. on Dolly Dimple 141582; eighth, Earl Fry on Miss English 141298. Junior Yearling Sow ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6)— First, Taylor & Taylor on Designer's Giantess 198186; second, Clyde L. Burkett on Lady Bell 194462; third, Shaver & Fry on Spotted Maid IV 194184; fourth, Taylor & Taylor on Lady Pickett 141704; fifth, C. B. Evitt on Lady La Fayette; sixth, J. C. Freel on Defiandt Pickets Lady 177464; seventh, W. AY. Davisson & Sons on Miss Challenger 198998; eighth, A. Lamas on King's Girl 159572. Senior Sow Pig ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Earl Fry on Miss Royal; second, Taylor & Taylor on Taylor's Sunbeam 187456; third, Earl Fry on Miss Royal 1st; fourth, J. R. Crozier on English Giantess I 199044; fifth, Taylor & Taylor on Creatoress 200760; sixth, Frank Bragdon on Spotted Princess 199188; seventh, A. Lamas on The Marnel's Im'p. Lady II 200930; eighth, C. B. Evitt on English Grace. Junior Sow Pig ($20, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6) — First, Earl Fry on Miss Giantess; second, Shaver & Fry on Harvester's Lady II 194578; third, Rob- ert Butler on Blue Eyed Girl; fourth, W. W. Davisson & Sons on Miss Supreme 199502; fifth, Fred Goltry on Xylene 199956; sixth, A. Lamas; sev- enth, Blanke Bros, on Blanke's Beauty 199480; eighth, R. Laughlin on Pearl Doll. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — Taylor & Taylor on Giant Improver 16533. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — Earl Fry on Royal Pathfinder. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($10) — Taylor & Taylor on Giant Im- prover 16533. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Taylor & Taylor on Designer's Giantess 198186. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Earl Fry on Miss Royal. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($10) — Taylor & Taylor on Designer's Giantess 198186. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Taylor & Taylor; second, Taylor & Taylor; third, Paul A. Palmer; fourth, Shaver & Fry; fifth, Earl Fry; sixth, W. W. Davisson & Sons; sev- enth, A. Lamas; eighth, R. Laughlin & Co. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $15, $12) — First, Tay- lor & Taylor; second, Shaver & Fry; third, Taylor & Taylor; fourth, R. Laughlin & Co. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10 $10, $8) — First, Earl Fry; second, Earl Fry; third, Taylor & Taylor; fourth, W. W. 264 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV • - m. %& 'm- .. - MaiS^ - A ^/. ^sBRHM ■ \>4tf}Jmr Wj m *- ! ; ~ GIANT IMPROVER Grand Champion Spotted Poland China Boar. Taylor & Taylor, What Cheer, Iowa. Davisson & Sons; fifth, C. B. Evitt; sixth, Paul A. Palmer; seventh, Blanke Bros.; eighth, H. A. Dunlap. Young: Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Earl Fry; second, Earl Fry; third, Taylor & Taylor; fourth, W. W. Davisson & Sons; fifth, C. B. Evitt; sixth, Paul A. Palmer; seventh, Blanke Bros.; eighth, H. A. Dunlap. Get of Sire ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10)— First, Earl Fry; second, Earl Fry; third, Taylor & Taylor; fourth, W. W. Davisson & Sons; fifth, A. Lamas; sixth, Shaver & Fry; seventh, T. M. Hay den; eighth, W. W. Davisson & Sons. Produce of Sow ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $10) — First, Earl Fry; second, Taylor & Taylor; third, W. W. Davisson & Son; fourth, A. Lamas; fifth, Shaver & Fry; sixth, W. W. Davisson & Sons; seventh, C. B. Evitt; eighth, R. Laughlin & Co. BERKSHIRES. Exhibitors — Clarence Dickerson, Dallas Center ; Rookwood Farm, Ames. Judge F. F. Silver, Cantril, Iowa. Aged Boar ($10) — First, Rookwood Farm on Laurel Leader 314000. Junior Yearling Boar ($8) — First, Rookwood Farm on Ames Rival 224 304240. Senior Boar Pig ($8) — First, Rookwood Farm on Ames Laurel 9th 313046. Junior Boar Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Rookwood Farm on Lord Rival; second, Clarence Dickerson on Dickerson's Model; third, Clarence Dicker- son on Dickerson's Model 2d; fourth, Rookwood Farm on Lord Rival 2d. Aged Sow ($10) — First, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Lady 178, 303612. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 265 Senior Yearling Sow ($10) — First, Rookwood Farm on Winona Laurel Lady 300043. Junior Yearling Sow ($8, $6) — First, Rookwood Farm on Ames Lady 3d 312643; second, Rookwood Farm on Ames Lady 4th 312644. Senior Sow Pig ($S) — First, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Nina 313045. Junior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Clarence Dickerson on Dickerson's Model Girl; second, Clarence Dickerson on Dickerson's Model Girl 2d; third, Rookwood Farm on Ames Lady 6th; fourth, Rookwood Farm on Ames Lady 7th. Senior Champion Boar ($5) — Rookwood Farm on Laurel Leader 314000. Junior Champion Boar ($5) — Rookwood Farm on Lord Royal 3d. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($5) — Rookwood Farm on Laurel Leader 314000. Senior Champion Sow ($5) — Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Lady 178th 303612. Junior Champion Sow ($5) — First, Clarence Dickerson on Dickerson's Model 2d. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($5) — Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Lady 178, 303612. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10) — First, Rookwood Farm. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($10) — First, Rookwood Farm. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10) — First, Rookwood Farm. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor (10) — First, Rookwood Farm. Get of Sire ($10, $7) — First, Rookwood Farm; second, Clarence Dickerson. Produce of Sow ($10, $7) — First, Rookwood Farm; second, Clarence Dickerson. TAMWORTHS. Exhibitors — A. E. Augustine, Rose Hill ; Chas. Barr, R. 4, Ames ; Jas. E. Crum, Dallas City, 111.; Robt. Davis, Iowa City; C. A. Garrett, La Harpe, 111.; L. B. Graham, Cedar Rapids; B. F. Harris Farms, Seymour, 111.; H. E. Herrington & Son, R. 1, Dysart; Joy & Hunter, Ames; J. W. Justice & Son. R. 7, Iowa City; J. B. Mackoy, Farragut; David S. Murphy, Ames; H. S. Murphy & Sons, Ames; Nield Bros., Ogden; D. M. Overholt, Iowa City; Over- holt Sisters, Iowa City; Probst Bros., Iowa City; A. T. Roberts, State Cen- ter; Art Shaw, R. 2, Oskaloosa; Snyder & Snyder, Oskaloosa; Clair Terrill, Redfield; Linene Terrill, Redfield; E. O. Thomas & Son, R. 2. Iowa City; W. A. Thomas & Son, R. 2, Iowa City; D. E. Yoder, Williamsburg. Judge C. C. Roup, Iowa City, Iowa. Aged Boar ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, A. E. Augustine on Rose Hill Anchor 25277; second, W. A. Thomas & Son on Glenary Quaker 24545; third, Jas. E. Crum on Fairview Prince 25044; fourth, J. W. Justice & Sons on Anthony 23619; fifth, Snyder & Snyder on Rose Hill King 24928; sixth, D. E. Yoder on Glenary Long Boy 22046; seventh, H. E. Herrington & Sons on Ardmore Boy 24812. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5) — First, Snyder & Snyder on Home Farm King XII 25210; second, Jas. E. Crum on Home Farm Duke I 25488; third, D. E. Yoder on Big Ben 27551; fourth, C. A. Garrett on Red Buster 25370; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duke IV 25491. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2)— First, D. M. Overholt on Iowa Chief 26278; second, Probst Bros, on Ardmore's Giant 26132; third. Nield Bros, on Oakland Long Boy 2555S; fourth. J. B. Mackoy on Perfect Lad II 25613; fifth, H. S. Murphy & Sons on Greenwood Lad II 25839; sixth, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duke XI 25508; seventh, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duke XV 25522. Senior Boar Pig ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, B. F. Harris Farms on 266 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Home Farm Prince IX 27028; second, W. A. Thomas & Son on Oak Grove Lad 27607; third, H. S. Murphy & Sons on Ames High Boy 27444; fourth, Jas. E. Crum on Plainview Red Fairview 27611; fifth, Jas. E. Crum on Fair- view Hill Prince IV 27525; sixth, D. E. Yoder on Long Buster 27504; sev- enth, A. E. Augustine on Flowerdale Big Orange 27011. Junior Boar Pig ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, Jas. E. Crum on Fair- view Hill Chieftain 27537; second, J. B. Mackoy on Gold Rose Man 27353; third, Overholt Sisters on Seven Oaks Mac I 27563; fourth. B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Max VII 27273; fifth, Snyder & Snyder on Bernard Crescent 27491; sixth, J. B. Mackoy on Gold Rose Man II 27354; seventh, Jas. E. Crum on Fairview Hill Reveler 27645. Aged Sow ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, Probst Bros, on Amilda Queen 25338; second, Jas. E. Crum on American Jass 25862; third, B. F. Harris Farms on Barbara II 24258; fourth, D. M. Overholt on Miss B I of Seven Oaks 22412; fifth, H. S. Murphy & Sons on Fanny F 25247; sixth, J. B. Mackoy on Queen O'May II 26427; seventh, Jas. E. Crum on Princess Con- nie 25037. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $10, $8, $7. $5, $3, $2) — First, A. E. Augustine on Rose Hill Bee 26016; second, A. E. Augustine on Rose Hill Rachael II 26098; third, Jas. E. Crum on Fairview Jane II 26001; fourth, B. F. Harris Farms on Lady May 25813; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duch- ess III 25496; sixth, J. W. Justice & Sons on Fremour Lady II 25531; seventh, Snyder & Snyder on Rose Hill Retta 27215. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duchess X 25504; second, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duchess XXXII 26244; third, Snyder & Snyder on Queen's Beauty 26496; fourth, Jas. E. Crum on Fairview Princess I 25809; fifth, D. E. Yoder on Knoll Heights Liberty 27502; sixth, Probst Bros, on Amilda of Ardmore 26385; seventh, Dr. E. O. Thomas & Son on denary Lela 25652. Senior Sow Pig ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, W. A. Thomas & Son on Oak Grove Bess 27608; second, W. A. Thomas & Son on Oak Grove Lady 27607; third, J. B. Mackoy on Mayfield Queen I 27357; fourth, H. E. Her- rington & Sons on Kate 27163; fifth, C. A. Garrett on Plainview Blanch I 27598; sixth, J. W. Justice & Sons on Hillcrest Sunshine 27408; seventh, C. A. Garrett on Plainview Blanch II 27599. Junior Sow Pig ($15, $10, $8, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, J. W. Justice & Sons on Greenwood Model Rose 27403; second, Overholt Sisters on Seven Oaks Vienna I 27565; third, L. B. Graham on Cedar Rose 27517; fourth, D. E. Yoder on Gay Lady 27511; fifth, J. W. Justice & Sons on Greenwood Model Rose I 27404; sixth, J. B. Mackoy on Rose Maid I 27350; seventh, Jas. E. Crum on Fairview Princess Louis 27541. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — D. M. Overholt on Iowa Chief 26278. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — Jas. E. Crum on Fairview Hill Chieftain 27537. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — D. M. Overholt on Iowa Chief 26278. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Probst Bros, on Amilda Queen 25338. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — W. A. Thomas & Son on Oak Grove Bess 27608. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — Probst Bros, on Amilda Queen 25338. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $S, $5, $3, $2) — First, D. M. Overholt; second, Probst Bros.; third, Jas. E. Crum; fourth, B. F. Harris Farms; fifth, A. E. Augustine; sixth, J. B. Mackoy; seventh, Snyder & Snyder. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $8) — First, B. F. Harris Farms; second, Jas. E. Crum; third, J. B. Mackoy; fourth, A. E. Augustine. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 267 Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, W. A. Thomas & Son; second, Jas. E. Crum; third, J. B. Mackoy; fourth, B. P. Harris Farms; fifth, A. E. Augustine; sixth, L. B. Graham; seventh, Over- holt Sisters. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $11, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, W. A. Thomas & Son; second, Jas. E. Crum; third, J. B. Mackoy; ..ourth, B. F. Harris Farms; fifth, A. E. Augustine; sixth, L. B. Graham; seventh, Snyder & Snyder. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, W. A. Thomas & Son; second, J. B. Mackoy; third, Jas. E. Crum; fourth, B. F. Harris Farms; fifth, Overholt Sisters; sixth, L. B. Graham; seventh, A. E. Augustine. Produce of Sow ($15, $12, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, J. B. Mackoy; second, Jas. E. Crum; third, B. F. Harris Farms; fourth, Overholt Sisters; fifth, L. B. Graham; sixth, A. E. Augustine; seventh, D. M. Overholt. YORKSHIRES. Exhibitors — Leland Beasley, Adel ; Earl Caris, Minburn ; B. F. Davidson, Menlo; Merle and Bennie Davidson, Menlo; L. C. Hand & Son, Center Point; Kenneth Mullins, Adel; Loren Mullins, Adel; Lennie Royer, Adel; Renz Royer, Adel; Van M. Storm, Adel; Van Meter & Englebretson, Adel; Leland Wilcox, Adel; W. H. Winn, Menlo; Mildred Zellmar, Atlantic. Judge C. C. Roup, Iowa City, Iowa. Aged Boar ($10, $7, $5) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek High Boy 29541; second, Van Meter & Englebretson on Lake Park Prince 3d 30160; third, L. C. Hand & Son on Deer Creek B. 3d 29012. Senior Yearling Boar ($10) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 21st 29495. Junior Yearling Boar ($8, $6) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Romeo 34th 29611; second, B. F. Davidson on Colonel Rainbow 29700. Senior Boar Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 34th 30177; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 35th 30178; third, Merle & Bennie Davidson on Deer Creek Mand B 2d 30182; fourth, Van Meter & Englebretson on Meadow Famous. Junior Boar Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, W. H. Winn on Windale Le Roy 30207; second, W. H. Winn on Windale Lois 30206; third, Van Meter & Englebretson on Oak Lodge Famous 321st 80318 (c. r.); fourth, L. C. Hand & Son on Otter Creek Corinck 30231. Aged Sow ($10, $7, $5) — First, L. C. Hand & Son on Oak Lodge Julia 171st 30103; second, L. C. Hand & Son on Maple Spring Queen 17th 28906; third, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Delia 34th 29159. Senior Yearling Sow ($10, $7, $5) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Rosa 8th 29544; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Ruby 16th 29508; third, Merle & Bennie Davidson on Deer Creek Rena B 2 29503. Junior Yearling Sow ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Ruby 18th 29608; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Ruby 17th 29607; third, Van Meter & Englebretson on Oak Lodge Princess 467, 29962; fourth, Van Meter & Englebretson on Oak Lodge Princess 465, 29960. Senior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Elena 28th 30179; second, Van Storm on Violet's Girl; third, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Elena 29th 30180; fourth, L. C. Hand & Son on Otter Creek Queen 2d 30088. Junior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Van Meter & Englebretson on Oak Lodge Cinderella 400, 80280; second, Merle & Bennie Davidson on Deer Creek Rena B 10, 30193; third, W. H. Winn on Windale Lerona 30205; fourth, Earl Caris on Oak Lodge Violet 214, 30165. Senior Champion Boar ($5) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Romeo 34th 29611. 268 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Junior Champion Boar ($5) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 34th 30177. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($5) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Romeo 34th 29611. Senior Champion Sow ($5) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Rosa 8th 29544. Junior Champion Sow ($5) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Elena 28th 30179. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($5) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Rosa 8th 29544. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10, $7, $5) — First, B. F. Davidson; sec- ond, L. C. Hand & Son; third, Van Meter & Englebretson. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($10) — First, B. F. Davidson. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10, $7, $5, $3) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, "W. H. Winn; third, Van Storm; fourth, L. C. Hand & Son. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($10, $7, $5) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, W. H. Winn; third, Merle & Bennie Davidson. Get of Sire ($10, $7, $6, $4) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, W. H. Winn; third, L. C. Hand & Son; fourth, L. C. Hand & Son. Produce of Sow ($10, $7, $6, $4) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, W. H. Winn; third, L. C. Hand & Son; fourth, L. C. Hand & Son. IOWA BOYS AND GIRLS' PIG CLUB. Exhibitors — Albert Augustine, Rose Hill ; Daniel W. Augustine, Rose Hill ; Lawrence Aves, Melbourne; Loraine Baker, Bondurant; Chas. Baldwin, Gladbrook; Dale Barker, Keosauqua; Clyde Barnett, Redfield; Chas. Barr, Ames; Leland Beasley, Adel; Theodore Beatty, Valley Junction; Carroll Bennett, Dexter; Verle Bennett, Dexter; Delbert Berry, Atlantic; Ralph Berry, Atlantic; Bernice Bieber, Muscatine; Dwight Bock, Council Bluffs; Morgan Bonger, Marshalltown; Ardell Borschel, Iowa City; Mydrian Boyer, Farmington; Lester Brand, West Liberty; Perry Brazelton, Ankeny; Lester Brehmer, Atlantic; Ralph Brehmer, Atlantic; Aaron Brockelsby, Vail; Alton Brown, Iowa City; Harry Brownlee, Adair; Armond Bruce, Greenfield; Leo Bruns, Sigourney; Richard Buchanan, Adel; Wm. Buchanan, Adel; Jack Burkett, Minburn; Geo. Burnstedt, Des Moines; Oliver Burnstedt, Des Moines; Robt. Butler, Prairie City; Joseph Caputo, Marshalltown; Chas. Carey, West Branch; Earl Caris, Minburn; Orville Cashman, Orient; Frank Chambers, Stuart; Le Von Charles, Red Oak; Donald Clayton, Waukee; Verne Clayton, Waukee; Clifford Cochran, West Liberty; Raymond Comes, Atlantic; Ivan Compton, Dexter; Marion Conrad, Melbourne; Orval Crowe, Sigourney; Fay Cunningham, Grimes; Verr Cunningham, Grimes; Howard Dann, Waukee; Bertha Dannen, Melbourne; Mary Dannen, Melbourne; Merle and Bennie Davidson, Menlo; Robert Davis, Iowa City; Etta and Johnny Dawson, Washta; Leland Devine, Stanton; Clarence Dickerson, Dal- las Center; Ronald Diggins, Melbourne; Richard Dorale, Charter Oak; John Dorfler, Jr., Charter Oak; Wendel T. Edson, Storm Lake; Linden Elkhorn, Adair; Roy Falk, Red Oak; Ruby Farwell, Mackburg; Calvin Fausch, Shel- dahl; Esther Fausch, Sheldahl; Mary Fausch, Sheldahl; Richard Fausch, Sheldahl; Merrill Finchem, Waukee; Dale Foster, West Liberty; Dale Fox, Dallas Center; Lysle Fox, Dallas Center; Virgil Fox, Dallas Center; Elmer Frederickson, Menlo; Worlie Frost, Waukee; Harriett Goetzman, Boone; Eleanor Goulke, Atlantic; Willie Goulke, Atlantic; Graham Bros., Brook- lyn; William Roland Griffith, Iowa City; May Hagen, Norwalk; Arnold Hagge, Bondurant; Andrew Hamline, Polk; Lucian Hammon, Woodward; Duane Hansell, Indianola; Clarence Hansen, Atlantic; Claire Hardin, Orient; Ray Hart, Bondurant; Lloyd Harvenagle, Atalissa; Frank Hawker, West Liberty; Fred Hawker, West Liberty; William Herbert, Atlantic; Mary Francis Herring, Des Moines; Charles Hibbs, Le Grand; Ralph Hibbs, Le Grand; Kenneth Hines, Orient; Paul Hoag, Muscatine; Arthur Horn, Green- field; Leslie Hoskins, Cantril; Allen Hoy, Adel; Velma Hoy, Adel; Howard AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 269 Hunt, Redfield; Merrill Hunt, Redfield; Warren Hunter, Iowa City; Helen Hurlbut, Conrad; F. Burton Huston, Waukee; John Hyde, Elliott; John Ingels, Melbourne; Bede Irving, Stockport; Elmer James, Selma; Luin Jip- sen, Atlantic; Paul Johnson, Orient; Ivan Jones, Red Oak; Harold Jump, Waukee; Lenene Jump, Waukee; Allan Keating-, Clive; Charles Keating', Clive; John Keating, Clive; Leland Keen, Le Grand; Freddie Kemp, Green- field; Edw. Kinsey, Grimes; John Kinsey, Grimes; Jessie J. Klein, Altoona; Arthur Knop, Charter Oak; Dora Knop, Charter Oak; John Knop, Atlantic; George Kolda, Solon; Clarence Kruse, West Liberty; Earnest Kuhns, Orient; William Lacina, Iowa City; Harold Launspach, Adelphi; Morris Legler, Letts; Albert Lengeman, Coon Rapids; Elmer Lengeman, Coon Rapids; Martin Linde, Denison; Leonard Lister, Marshalltown; Sam McAdoo, Run- nells; Aloysius McKee, Creston; Myron McElivain, Dow City; Lawrence McGonish, West Liberty; Virgil Mcintosh, Dunlap; Francis Mapes, Earl- ham; Everil Merkley, Sac City; Roscoe Marsden, Boone; Harvey Maxwell, Adair; Charles Meacham, Adelphi; Doral Miller, Muscatine; Adrian Minetor, Grimes; Salome Minetor, Altoona; Raymond Morrison, Dow City; Glen Mor- timer, Minburn; Norwood Mountain, Valley Junction; Kenneth Mullins, Adel; Loren Mullins, Adel; Arthur H. S. Murphy, Ames; David S. Murphy, Ames; Edwin Nay, West Liberty; Paul Neuroth. Haverhill; Roy Neuroth, Haverhill; Raymond Nicholl, Gilman; Roy Nichol, Clemons; Stacy Nichol, Jr., Clemons; Edw. Niederhauser, Marshalltown; Ernest Nieman, Under- wood; Fred Nieman. Underwood; Richard Olsen, Adel; Vernon R. Olson, Dunbar; Kathleen Overholt, Iowa City; Overholt Sisters, Iowa City; Fred B. Owen, Jr., Guthrie Center; Shubel Owen, Guthrie Center; Henry E. Pat- terson, Stuart; Omer Payne, Linden; Dean Rendarvis, Keosauqua; Ernest and Leslie Perry, Jr.. St. Anthony; Leland Deles Perry, St. Anthony; Loyal Alvin Perry, St. Anthony; Gerald Person, Runnells; Winano Person, Adelphi; John L. Peters, Bouton; Eddie Peterson, Denison; Howard Poitevan, Dow City; Evan Poula, Swisher; Erma Lea Priest, Runnells; Marjory Priest, Runnells; Albert Pritchard, Bondurant; Merrill Radloff, Le Grand; Beatrice Randall, Sigourney; Gwendolyn Randall, Sigourney; Earl Ransom, Dow City; Lawrence Reis, Greenfield; Clarence Renand. Bondurant; J. Henry Rinker. Rippey; Harold Robinson, Rhodes; Marie Robinson, Rhodes; Wi] lard Robinson, State Center; Marion Rosenbaugh, Orient; Lenine Roger, Adel; Renz Roger, Adel; Clarence Runft, Reinbeck; Aubrey Russell, In- dianola; Doris Russell, Indianola; Emmet Ryan. Underwood; Carl Rylander, Le Grand; Marvin Sandstrom, Kiron; Will Sargent, Brooklyn; Hardyce Schneider, Underwood; Max Schneider, Underwood; Rolland Schneider, Underwood; John Schoborg, Haverhill; Harold Schomberg, Lone Tree; Edwin Sharon, Valley Junction; Robert Sharon, Valley Junction; Andrew Sharp, Dow City; Robert Sharp, Dow City; Herbert Sheehan, Greenfield; Marie Sipple, Kalona; George W. Smith, Dunlap; Lester Smith, Orient; Nellie J. Smith, Dunlap; Virgil Smith, Boone; Ralph Stark, Boxholm; Ivan Stim- mell, Oxford; Harold Swallow, Valley Junction; Howard Swallow, Valley Junction; Grace Overholt. Iowa City; Frank W. Talbott. Selma; Clair Ter- rill, Redfield; Lurene Terrill, Redfield; Roy Thomas, Elliott; Mabel Thomp- son, Atlantic; Mildred Thompson, Atlantic; Opal Thompson, Atlantic; Verle Thompson, Minburn; Vernon Tomlinson, Bondurant; Henry Trexal, Denison; Walter Utterback, Sigourney: Clover Ven Benthuysen, Runnels; John Van Devender, Adel; Wilber Van Devender, Adel; Clark Van Meter, Adel; Don- ald Van Vleet, Orient; John K. Volk; Teddy Wallace, Dallas Center; Leon- ard Walsh, Adair; Lloyd Walters, West Liberty; Eddie Wambold, Green- field; Donald Weiss, Dow City; Walter Weiss. Denison; Martin Wendres, West Liberty; Donald Wensel, Melbourne; Leland Wilcox, Adel; Howard AVilliams, Altoona; Arthur Windom, Nodaway; Glen Windom, Nodaway; Viola Yingst, State Center; Everett Zachary, Sheldahl; Agnes Zellmar, Atlantic; Clarence Zellmar, Atlantic; Harold Zellmar, Atlantic; Mildred Zellmar, Atlantic; Oscar Zellmar, Atlantic; Julius Zimmerman, West Liberty. E. F. Ferrin, Judges ** One-Fourth Blood Staple ($10, $8, $6. $4, $2) — First, Iowa State College; second, Daniel Leonard & Son; third, Daniel Leonard & Son; fourth, E. G. Uhl; fifth, Daniel Leonard & Son. Braid ($10. $8. $6) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second, Joe W. Edgar; third, Joe W. Edgar. COUNTY EXHIBITS , Fine Wool, Eight Fleeces ($20, $15) — First, C. W. Clarke; second, Powe- shiek County Wool Growers' Association. Medium Wool, Eight Fleeces ($20, $15, $10) — First, E. G. Uhl; second, Poweshiek County Wool Growers' Association; third, D. W. Bruns. COUNTY EXHIBITS, SPECIAL PRIZES Fine Wool, Three Fleeces ($10, $8, $7) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. Warner; third, Iowa State College. Medium Wool, Three Fleeces ($10, $8, $7) — First, E. G. Uhl; second, Dan- iel Leonard & Sons; third, Iowa State College. SHEARING EVENTS Shearing with Power Machine hy Professionals ($10, $7, $3, $2) — First, E. G. Uhl, Ames; second, J. A. Peasley, Indianola; third, E. D. Peasley, Indianola; fourth, C. H. Brown, Keokuk. Shearing with Hand Shears by Professionals ($10, $7, $3) — First, C. A. Taylor, Ames; second, E. G. Uhl, Ames; third, C. H. Brown, Keokuk. Shearing with Power Machine hy Amateurs ($10, $7, $3, $2) — First, John Graham, Eldora; second, J. C. Morton, Indianola; third, Frank Osen, Anita; fourth, C. C. Croxen, West Liberty. AWARDS IOWA STAT.E FAIR 283 Shearing with Hand Shears hy Amateurs ($10, $7, $3, $2) — First, Elmer Frye; second, John Graham; third, Frank Osen; fourth, C. C. Croxen. Blocking and Trimming Sheep for Show Ring ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, E. G. Uhl, Ames; second, C. A. Taylor, Ames; third, Angus Moore, Mt. Pleasant; fourth, C. H. Brown, Keokuk; fifth, D. W. Bruns, Sigourney. GOAT DEPARTMENT Exhibitors — N. Bartholomew, 216 Good Blk., Des Moines; O. H. Kale, 4020 10th St., Des Moines; O. R. Sheets, Des Moines, R. 3. Milch Goats TOGGENBURG Pure Bred Judge O. H. Gillespie, Grinnell, Iowa. Buck Under Six Months ($5, $3, $2) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Jeff 17329; second, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Irox 17332; third, N. Bartholo- mew on Glen Dell Superb 17328. Doe Two Years Old or Over ($5, $3) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Fenette 5145; second, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Marie 12883. Doe One Year Old and Under Two ($5, $3) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Dolly 12884; second, O. R. Sheets on Glenn Dell Fawn 12894. Doe Under One Year ($5) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dell Connie 17330. REGISTERED TOGGENBURG Doe Two Years Old or Over ($5, $3) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Flota 12287; second, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Lucy 5143. Doe One Year Old and Under Two ($5, $3) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Carrie 12875; second, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Ruth 12881. Doe Under One Year ($5, $3) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dale Judy 17333; second, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dale Aleka 17334. Champion. Doe ($5) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dell Dolly 12884. % NUBIAN Pure Bred Buck Under Six Months ($5, $3, $2) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dale Colateral 17327; second, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Buehl; third, N. Bartholo- mew on Glen Dale King- Dodo. Doe One Year Old and Under Two ($5, $3, $2)— First, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Zeta P-2386; second, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dale Una 12892; third, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dale Lorna 12893. Doe Under One Year ($5, $3, $2) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dale Javeline 17326; second, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dale Fancy; third, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Helen. NUBIAN Registered Nubian Doe Two Years Old or Over ($5, $3, $2) — First, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Joy G-2741; second, N. Bartholomew on Glue Bells G-1211; third, N. Bar- tholomew on Glen Dell Mignon G-2275. Doe One Year Old and Under Two ($5, $3, $2) — First, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Felice G-2795; second, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Blessie G-2397; third, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Phyllis 2794. 284 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Doe Under One Year ($5, $3, $2) — First, O. R. Sheets on Glen Dell Gipsy; second, N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Dimples; third, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dell Princess. Champion Doe ($5) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Javelin 17326. REGISTERED SAANENS Doe Two' Years Old or Over ($5) — N. Batholomew on Glen Dell May 17336. Doe Under One Year ($5) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Mena 17337. Champion Doe ($5) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Mena 17337. PREMIER EXHIBITOR Exhibitor Winning the Greatest Number of Points. First prize to count 3 points, second prize 2 points, third prize 1 point and 1 point for each goat exhibited ($30, $25) — First, N. Bartholomew; second, O. R. Sheets. SPECIAL PRIZES Offered by American Milk Goat Record Association Champion Toggenhurg Buck ($10, Special Ribbon) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Jeff 17329. Champion Toggenburg Doe ($10, Special Ribbon) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Dolly 12884. Champion Saanen Doe ($10, Special Ribbon) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Mena 17337. Champion Nubian Buck ($10, Special Ribbon) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Colateral 17327. Champion Nubian Doe ($10, Special Ribbon) — N. Bartholomew on Glen Dell Javelin 17326. BOYS' AND GIRLS' SHEEP DEPARTMENT Exhibitors — William Anderson, West Liberty ; Lucy Anderson, West Lib- erty; Winifred* Anderson, Muscatine; Marion Anderson, Muscatine; Ivan Beck, Corning; Lawrence Beck, Corning"; Evelyn Beck, Ontario; Charlotte Beck, Ames; Clarence W. Beck, Ontario; Lester Beck, Ames; John Camp- bell, Mt. Pleasant; Leota Baily, Muscatine; Ethel Birkett, Muscatine; Ray- mond Cleland, Ewart; Ernest T. Eness, Gilbert; Clifford Fregermuth, Mus- catine; Loucilla Gildersleeve, Gilbert; Guy Gosenberg, West Liberty; Paul Greyson, Montezuma; Zona D. Hanshaw, Douds; Einer Jensen, Ames; Don- ald Nichols, West Liberty; Archie Nichols, West Liberty; Romayne Por- ter, Ames; Lyle B. Porter, Ames; Edwin Parish, Grinnell; Melvin Pierson, West Branch; Mary Probst, Muscatine; Lillian Pemberton, Muscatine: Virginia Reed, Ames; Gale Reed, Ames; Elsie Shark, Ames; Lucille Sayre, Eldora; Clifton Schultz, Malcom; Orrie Tweed, Jewell; Arnold Tweed, Jewell; Beatrice Tweed, Ames; Glen C. Uhl, Ames; Ina Wick, Mt. Pleasant; Vernon Wright, West Liberty. Judge P. S. Shearer,, Ames, Iowa. SHROPSHIRE SECTION Ram Lamb ($10, $8, $5) — First, Ina Wick; second, Ivan Beck on A. Leon- ard; third, Ivan Beck on Silver. Etve Lamb ($10, $8, $5) — First, John Campbell; second, Elsie Sharp on Edna 1091; third, Lawrence Beck on Mable. OXFORD SECTION Ram Lamb ($10, $8) — First, Virginia Reed on I. S. C. 1021; second, Gale Reed on Buster I. S. C. 1134. Ewe Lamb ($10, $8, $5, $4, $3) — First, Lyle B. Porter on Bess; second, Orrie Tweed on Susie 16; third, Lucille Sayre on Graham 1685; fourth, Gale Reed on Betty I. S. C. 1135; fifth, Virginia Reed on I. S. C. 1058. ♦ AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 285 HAMPSHIRE SECTION Ram Lamb ($10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, Clarence W. Beck on Terry 2; second, Clarence W. Beck on Jerry 1; third, Ernest T. Eness on Eness 50; fourth, Orrie Tweed on Tommy 9; fifth, Orrie Tweed on Christopher 10. Ewe Lamb ($10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, Arnold Tweed on Marjorie; second, Orrie Tweed on Uhl 21; third, Lester L. Beck on Queen Iowan; fourth, Evelyn E. Beck on Olive Bell; fifth, Charlotte E. Beck on Lady William- ette. SOUTHDOWN SECTION Ram Lamb ($8, $6) — First, Glen C. Uhl on Uhl 5; second, Beatrice Tweed on Uhl 15. Ewe Lamb ($8, $6, $3) — First, Glen C. Uhl on Uhl 6; second, Beatrice Tweed on Uhl 4; third, Beatrice Tweed on Uhl 3. DELAINE SECTION Ram Lamb ($8, $6) — First, Edwin Perish; second, Paul Greyson. Ewe Lamb ($S, $6, $3, $2, $2) — First, Paul Greyson; second, Clifton Schultz; third, Raymond Cleland; fourth, Clifton Schultz; fifth, Raymond Cleland. Cbampion Ram Lamb, All Breeds ($6) — Ina Wick on Shropshire ram. Champion Ewe Lamb, All Breeds ($6) — John Campbell. FAT CLASSES Wether or Ewe ($8, $7, $5, $4, $3, $2, $2, $2) — First, Melvin Pierson; second, Lillian Pemberton; third, William Anderson; fourth, Mary Probst; fifth, Ethel Birkett; sixth, Vernon Wright; seventh, Lucy Anderson; eighth, Marion Anderson. County Sheep Club Exhibit of Eight Lambs ($15, $12, $10) — First, Story County Pure Bred Ewe and Lamb Club; second, Poweshiek County; third, Story County Pure Bred Ewe and Lamb Club. BOYS' AND GIRLS' FLEECE WOOL EXHIBIT Fleece Exhibited by Individuals One-Fourth Blood ($3, $2, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First, Elsie Sharp; second, Arnold Tweed; third, Arnold Tweed; fourth, Evelyn E. Beck; fifth, Beat- rice Tweed; sixth, Glen C. Uhl; seventh, Beatrice Tweed. Three-Eighths Blood ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Elsie Sharp; second, Lyle B. Porter; third, Evelyn E. Beck; fourth, Lester L. Beck. County Exhibit of at Least Six Fleeces Other Than Fine Wool ($10, $8) — First, Story County Pure Bred Ewe and Lamb Club; second, Story County Pure Bred Ewe and Lamb Club. Judge C. J. Faucett, Chicago, 111. POULTRY DEPARTMENT Superintendent V. G. Warnes, Bloomfield, Iowa. f E. C. Branch, Lees Summit, Iowa. J Harry Atkins, Davenport, Iowa. IE, D. Monilaw, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. [Oscar Gron (Water Fowls), Waterloo, Iowa. Exhibitors — Paul O. Alex, Coon Rapids ; A. L. Anderson, S. W. 13th and Pleasant St., Des Moines; C. R. Anderson, Indianola; Marshall Ashworth, 1440 47th St., Des Moines; R. C. Bair & Son, Humboldt; Fred Bell, Boone; John F. Barg-enholt, Orient; H. H. Burkheimer, Lorimor; Mrs. Olaf Benson, Sioux Rapids; John Buck, Iowa City; Neva A. Bridie, Mingo; O. M. Brown, 286 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Slater; R. Budatz, R. F. D. 5, Council Bluffs; John Bruce, Monroe; H. M. Beaver, 2816 Sheridan St., Davenport; H. S. Boyce, 56th and Hickman, Des Moines; W. H. Boyce, 2413 Elizabeth Ave., Des Moines; Mrs. O. C. Bierma, R. F. D. 5, E. Des Moines; Geo. Beard, Bedford; E O. Birchard, R. F. D. 3, Wat- erloo; D. W. Bruns, Sigourney; L. D. Carpenter, Indianola; Thos. Cooke, 2216 Clark St., Des Moines; W. R. Cummings, Sr.. Perry; L. B. Calbreath & Son, 527 S. 15th St., Keokuk; W. J. Coffin & Son, Waverly; Jas. J. Clarke, Monroe; Web Clements, Agency; Charles E. Diehl, Ft. Des Moines; L. E. Dicken- sheets, 47th and Douglas, R. No. 302, Des Moines; L. F. Davis, Lorimor; D. D. Dailey, 1099 W. 63rd St. Des Moines; Albert Doerder, R. F. D. No. 2, Boone; F. A. Davis, Waverly; Dr. H. E. Day & Sons, Dumont; Mrs. Verla Dunlap, Altoona; Gerald R. Duncan, R. No. 1, Columbus Jet.; Kermet Donnelly, Ottumwa; Geo. Dickey, 1210 4th Ave., Rock Island, 111.; W. H. Ebersole, 1549 Hull Ave., Des Moines; E. A. Franquemont, 44th and Ur- bandale, Des Moines; W. S. Fryer, Council Bluffs; Gerna Fouche, Osceola; Leo E. Fahritz, Ottumwa; Harry Firkins, E. 24th and Guthrie, Des Moines; Ardis Farley, Indianola; Mrs. Frank Fritz, Earlham; Mrs. C. D. Freel, Runnells; Pauline Fitzsimmons, Ottumwa; J. T. Fletcher, What Cheer; Everett A. Farnham, Box 691, Valley Junction; Gerald Gay, Beacon; Mrs. E. C. Grace, 1003 63rd St. Des Moines; Frank V. Gipple, Columbus Junction; Griffiths Bros., R. F. D. No. 3, Des Moines; C. A. Goss, Des Moines; T. M. Hayden, Creston; Mrs. Florence Hast, Box 110, Des Moines; Mrs. L. L. Hunter, Drakesville; Mrs. J. E. Hull, R. R. No. 6, Box 58, Oskaloosa; Mrs. M. R. Hess, Oskaloosa; Wm. A. Hoos, 2016 20th St., Des Moines; Wm. Herink, Chelsea; Edmund Hanson, Dean; H. C. Hunt, Delavan, 111.; Fred C. Hacke, Indianola; Mrs. C. W. Hendrick, Murray; M. B. Howe, Cedar Falls; T. H. Hall, Box 432, Des Moines; Archie Hart, Rock Island, 111.; Weir Hart, Bondurant; M. A. Heifner, 56th and Hickman Ave., Des Moines; Mrs. F. Hoppe, Danbury; Liston L. Hall, Box 12, Council Bluffs; C. D. Joslin, Hol- stein; Jersey Ridge Poultry Farm, R. F. D. No. 1, Davenport; F. W. John- son, Monroe; Chas. E. Jones, Coon Rapids; W. L. Johnson, Brooklyn; H. M. & R. M. Jones, 2984 Easton Blvd., Des Moines; Mrs. Chalmers W. Johnson, R. F. D. No. 1, Oskaloosa; F. S. Jordan, Springville; M. L. Jones, Glad- brook; H. E. Johnson, Monroe; Kellogg & Kellogg, Cambridge, 111.; W. L. & W. R. Kiel, 534 4th St. ,Ft. Madison; Kelley Poultry Farm, Wilton Junc- tion; Mrs. F. H. Kronenberg, Walcott; August Klepke & Son, Eldora; A. N. Kirr, Morrison, 111.; J. W. Laird, Mt. Pleasant; Karl E. Larson, Mitch- ellville; D. Locker, 44 Urbandale, Des Moines; Oscar Larson, Clarion; Ira Luse, R. R. No. 7, Osceola; C. M. Livingston, Monroe; Leora Leonard, Mingo; Wm. Lund, 813 E. 9th St., Muscatine; Wm. McMichael, 2434 S. E. 6th St., Des Moines; F. J. McFarland, 2346 S. 7th St., Des Moines; Ina Morton, Indianola; John J. Moore, Atlantic; Albert Mather, R. No. 3, Des Moines; J. T. Molloy & Sons, Albion; Chester L. Mason, Early; Rev. F. A. Moore, Grinnell; J. F. Meilike, Altoona; H. S. Masimore, 2425 S. E. 5th St., Des Moines; Oakmoor Poultry Farm, 2801 Hickman Ave., Des Moines; M. F. Nielson, 3016 Carr St., Des Moines; Theo. W. Happe, Carroll; W. H. Pat- ton, R. No. 1, Iowa City; J. W. Pearson, Mitchellville ; Dr. W. J. Pirie, Springville; Virgil 'W. Peterson, Olds; S. H. Page, Waverly; Chas. C. Peck, Waverly; C. L. Priest, 2923 E. Grand Ave., Des Moines; Mrs. A. E. Peters, Corning; Geo. S. Phillips, 1218 7th St., Des Moines; Ira Pfantz, State Center; Mrs. E. S. Randall, R. No. 3, Sigourney; S. F. Raff, Springville; Walter Russell, Indianola; John Reimon, Jefferson; Roup & Son, Ames; Albert J. Ruess, West Liberty; W. C. Runft, Reinbeck; Fred G. Reis, Indianola; E. H. Rucker, Ottumwa; F. L. Reinhard & Son, 217 N. Sheridan Ave., Ot- tumwa; Harold Schabilion, Columbus Jet.; R. R. Shrock, Des Moines; Emlin Smith, Mt. Ayr; Miss Frona B. Stephenson, R. No. 3, Box 3, Maryville, Mo.; Miss Celia Simons, Farragut; James F. Steele, R. No. 1, Eddyville; Thos. Smillie, Box 81, Hocking; Mrs. Millard Thompson, Polk City; Mrs. H. A. Taylor, 58th and University, Des Moines; J. H. Todd, Villisca; Lee Taylor, Mitchellville; W. S. Turk, 2601 Logan Ave., Des Moines; Mrs. L. R. Van Velson, R. No. 5, Creston; C. & C. T. Van Lint, Pella; Mrs. V. G. Warner, Bloomfield; Mrs. Mary Wagner, Ankeny; H. V. Wright, 1227 Clark Ave., AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 287 Ames; Dana Walters, P. O. Dept., Des Moines; Marvin M. Walters, Joy, 111.; H. J. Wieman, Burlington; G. M. Wormley, State Center; Julius Wegner, 1448 Pleasant St., Davenport; F. F. Wisecup, Woodward; W. F. Wallace, R. No. 1, Des Moines; George Wagner, Ottumwa. SWEEPSTAKES, AMERICAN CLASS Best Cockerel (Silver Loving Cup) — D. Locker on Single Comb Rhode Island Red. Best Pullet (Silver Loving Cup) — H. V. Wright on White Wyandotte. AMERICAN Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerel Bred Cock, 21 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Gerno Fouche on 9; second, Marvin M. Walters on 76; third, F. L. Reinhard; fourth, F. L. Reinhard. Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerel Bred Cockerel, 18 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, S. H. Page on 50; second, Mrs. F. H. Kronenberg on 39; third, Wm. A. Hoos on 11; fourth, Marvin W. Walters on 274. Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerel Bred Hen, 16 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, S. H. Page on 43; second, Marvin M. Walters on 18; third, John Reiman & Son on 36; fourth, W. H. Boyce on 81. Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerel Bred Pullet, 20 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, S. H. Page on 46; second, Mrs. F. H. Kronenberg on 24; third, Marvin M. Walters on 263-; fourth, John Reiman & Son on 104. Barred Plymouth Rocks Cockerel Bred Pen Fowls, 6 entries ($5, $3, $2) — First, William McMichael; second, L. B. Calbreath; third, S. H. Page. Barred Plymouth Rocks Cockerel Bred Pen Chicks, 16 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, H. H. Burkheimer; second, T. J. McFarland; third, Wm. A. Hoos. Barred Plymouth Rocks Pullet Bred Cock, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, L. H. Page on 72; second, John Reimann & Son on 18; third, John Reiman & Son on 5; fourth, John Reiman & Son on 41. Barred Plymouth Rock Pullet Bred Cockerel, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John Reiman & Son on 100; second, S. H. Page on 90; third, John Reiman & Son on 107; fourth, Marvin M. Walters on 155. Barred Plymouth Rock Pullet Bred Hen, 8 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Marvin M. Walters on 72; second, S. H. Page on 3407; third, Marvin M. Walters oh 214; fourth, John Reiman & Son on 42. Barred Plymouth Rock Pullet Bred Pullet, 9 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, S. H. Page on 30; second, John Reiman & Son on 87; third, John Reiman & Son on 86; fourth, Marvin M. Walters on 211. Barred Plymouth Rocks Pullet Bred Pen Fowls, 3 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, John Reiman & Son; second, John Reiman & Son; third, L. B. Cal- breath & Son. Barred Plymouth Rocks Pullet Bred Pen Chicks, 3 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, John Reiman & Son; second, John Reiman & Son; third, S. H. Page White Plymouth Rock Cock, 5 entries ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. L. L. Hunter on 12; second, F. W. Johnson on 14. White Plymouth Rock Cockerel, 13 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Jersey Ridge Poultry Farm on 195; second, Chas. C. Peck on 97; third, J. M. Pearson on 77; fourth, Mrs. L. L. Hunter on 11. White Plymouth Rock Hen, 8 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, L. E. Dick- ensheets on 81; second, Mrs. L. L. Hunter on 11; third, L. E. Dickensheets on 80; fourth, F. W. Johnson on 100. White Plymouth Rock Pullet, 13 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, L. E. Dickensheets on 63; second, L. E. Dickensheets on 62; third, Jersey Ridge Poultry Farm on 143; fourth, D. D. Dailey on 24. White Plymouth Rock Pen Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, Mrs. L. L. Hunter. White Plymouth Rock Pen Chicks, 7 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Jersey Ridge Poultry Farm; second, L. E. Dickensheets; third, D. D. Dailey. 288 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Buff Plymouth Rock Cock, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, John Burk on 1; second, Kellogg- & Kellogg- on 40. Buff Plymouth Rock Cockerel, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Walter Rus- sell on 393; second, John Burk on 2; third, Emlin Smith on 19. Buff Plymouth Rock Hen, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, T. H. Hall on 195; second, Neva A. Bridie on 54; third, Kellogg & Kellogg on 10; fourth, Neva A. Bridie on 44. Buff Plymouth Rock Pullet, 9 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John Burk on 3; second, T. H. Hall on 200; third,' T. H. Hall on 142; fourth, Kellogg & Kellogg on 52. Buff Plymouth Rock Pen Fowls, 2 entries ($5, $3) — First, Walter Rus- sell; second, Neva Bridie. Buff Plymouth Rock Pen Chicks, 4 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Walter Russell; second, John Burk; third, T. H. Hall. Partridge Plymouth Rock Cock, 9 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Dr. W. J. Pirie on 67; second, S. F. Raff on 23; third, Dr. W. J. Pirie on 26; fourth, S. H. Page on 74. Partridge Plymouth Rock Cockerel, 8 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) —First, S. H. Page on 65; second, S. F. Raff on 8; third, S. F. Raff on 4; fourth, S. F. Raff on 7. Partridge Plymouth Rock Hen, 9 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Dr. J. W. Pirie on 14; second, S. F. Raff on 70; third, Dr. J. W. Pirie on 21: fourth, S. F. Raff on 11. Partridge Plymouth Rock Pullet, 9 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Kellogg & Kellogg on 43; second, S. F. Raff on 6; third, Mrs. C. W. Hendrick on 11; fourth, Dr. W. J. Pirie on 12. Partridge Plymouth Rock Pen Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, Dr. W. J. Pirie. Partridge Plymouth Rock Pen Chicks, 4 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, S. H. Page; second, Mrs. C. W. Hendrick; third, H. S. Boyce. Silver Wyandotte Cock, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. V. G. Warner; second, C. R. Anderson on 13; third, J. H. Todd on 54; fourth, Albert J. Ruess on 28. Silver Wyandotte Cockerel, 9 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. V. G. Warner; second, Mrs. V. G. Warner; third, J. H. Todd on 63; fourth, A. L. Anderson on 18. Silver Wyadotte Hen, 8 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, J. H. Todd on 53; second, Albert J. Ruess on 30; third, Mrs. V. G. Warner; fourth, A. L. Anderson on 19. Silver Wyandotte Pullet, 10 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. V. G. Warner; second, J. H. Todd on 88; third, R. R. Shrock on 15; fourth, J. H. Todd on 98. Silver Wyandotte Pen Fowls, 3 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, J. H. Todd; secod, A. L. Anderson; third, Walter Perkins. Silver Wyandotte Pen Chicks, 3 entries ($5, $3) — First, Mrs. V. G. Warner; second, Walter Perkins. Golden Wyandotte Cock, 2 entries ($3, $2) — -First, A. L. Anderson on 1; second, M. Lund on 15. Golden Wyandotte Cockerel, 2 entries ($3) — First, A. L. Anderson on 2. Golden Wyandotte Hen, 3 entries ($3, $2,) — First, A. L. Anderson on 4; second, A. L. Anderson on 3. Golden Wyandotte Pullet, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, A. L. Anderson on 5; second, A. L. Anderson 6n 7; third, A. L. Anderson on 6. Golden Wyandotte Pen Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, A. L. Anderson. Golden Wyandotte Pen Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — First, A. L. Anderson. White Wyandotte Cock, 12 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, A. N. Kirr on AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 289 2; second, M. A. Heifner on 1; third, H. M. Beaver on 8; fourth, H. M. Beaver on 21. White Wyandotte Cockerel, 20 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1)— First, A. N. Kirr on 5; second, H. M. Beaver on 15; third, H. M. Beaver on 18; fourth, H. M. Beaver on 16. White Wyandotte Hen, 11 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, J. W. Laird on 10; second, M. A. Heifner on 52; third, W. H. Ebersole on 11; fourth, Oakmoor Poultry Farm on 51. White Wyandotte Pullet, 31 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, H. V. Wright on 62; second, Mrs. Frank Fritz on 49; third, E. O. Birchard on 17; fourth, E. O. Birchard on 19. White Wyandotte Pen Fowls, 3 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, M. A. Heifner; second, W. H. Ebersole; third, A. N. Kirr. White Wyandotte Pen Chicks, 6 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Oakmoor Poul- try Farm; second, M. A. Heifner; third, W. H. Ebersole. Buff Wyandotte Cock, 1 entry ($2) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 52. Buff Wyadotte Cockerel, 1 entry ($2) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 53. Buff Wyandotte Pullet, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 40; second, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 51. Buff Wyandotte Pen. Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons. Partridge Wyandotte Cock, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 25; second, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 79. Partridge Wyandotte Cockerel, 1 entry ($3) — First, H. M. Beaver on 54. Partridge Wyandotte Hen, 3 entries (?3, $2) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 100; second, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 62. Partridge Wyandotte Pen Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, W. J. Coffin & Sons. Silver Penciled Wyandotte Cockerel, 1 entry ($2) — First, Mrs. V. G. Warner. Silver Penciled Wyandotte Hen, 1 entry ($2) — First, Mrs. V. G. Warner. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Cock, 24 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, F. L. Reinhard & Son on 12; second, Fred Bell on 85; third, D. Locker on 74; fourth, Dr. W. P. Cummings on 100. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerel, 21 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, D. Locker on 54; second, Archie Hart on 189; third, G. F. Wisecup on 100; fourth, D. Locker on 52. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Hen, 19 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Karl E. Larson on 60; second, E. H. Rucker on 87; third, G. F. Wisecup on 99; fourth, Dana Wagner on 80. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Pullet, 27 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, D. Locker on 57; second, D. Locker on 56; third, E. H. Rucker on 77; fourth, E. H. Rucker on 76. Single Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Fowls, 7 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, D. Locker; second, E. H. Rucker; third, Liston L. Hall. Single Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Chicks, 12 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, G. F. Wisecup; second, D. Locker; third, E. H. Rucker. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Cock, 16 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, J. T. Fletcher on 29; second, W. F. Wallace on 35; third, M. L. Jones on 24; fourth, Harold Schabilion on 33. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerel, 15 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Harold Schabilion on 24; second, J. T. Fletcher on 25; third, W. H. Patton on 11; fourth, Harold Schabilion on 22. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Hen, 22 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, L. D. Carpenter on 8; second, Harold Schabilion on 14; third, Harold Schab- ilion on 32; fourth, Mrs. L. R. Van Velson on 101. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Pullet, 18 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, 19 290 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV J. T. Fletcher on 33; second, M. L. Jones on 20; third, Harold Schabilion on 26; fourth, Harold Schabilion on 28. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Fowls, 7 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, L. D. Carpenter; second, Harold Schabilion; third, M. L. Jones; fourth, Mrs. L. R. Van Velson. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Chicks, 6 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, W. H. Patton; second, L. D. Carpenter; third, M. L. Jones; fourth, Harold Schabilion. EGG LAYING BODY CAPACITY TEST AMERICAN CLASS Pullet Mating: Barred Plymouth Rocks — First, John Reiman & Son on 42; second, Marvin Walters on 214; third, S. H. Page on 3407. Cockerel Mating: Barred Plymouth Rocks — First, Mrs. C. D. Freel on 116; second, S. H. Page on 33; third, Mrs. C. D. Freel on 124. White Plymouth Rocks — First, Mrs. L. L. Hunter on 11; second, Neva A. Bridie on 40; third, Neva A. Bridie on 43. Buff Plymouth Rocks — First, Neva A. Bridie on 44; second, Walter Rus- sell on 386; third, Walter Russell on 389. Partridge Plymouth Rocks — First, H. S. Boyce on 74; second, Dr. J. W. Pirie on 22; third, Kellogg & Kellogg on 9. Single Comb Rhode Island Reds— First, F. L. Reinhard & Son on 465; second, Dr. W. P. Cummings on 99; third, E. H. Rucker on 87. Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds — First, L. D. Carpenter on 17; second. Mrs. L. R. Van Velson on 101; third, M. L. Jones on 25. Silver Laced Wyandottes — First, V. G. Warner on 3; second, J. H. Todd on 84; third, Walter Perkins on 59. White Wyandottes — First, A. N. Kerr on 12; second, M. A. Heifner on 9; third, A. N. Kerr on 10. Other Wyandottes — First, A. L. Anderson on 9; second, A. L. Anderson on 3; third, W. J. Coffin & Sons on 100. ASIATIC Sweepstakes, Asiatic Class, Best Cockerel (Silver Loving Cup) — H. S. Masimore on Buff Cochin 27. Best Pullet (Silver Loving Cup) — Weir Hart on Light Brahma 28. Egg Laying Body Capacity Test — First, H. M. & R. M. Jones on Light Brahma 4; second, H. S. Masimore on Buff Cochin 32; third, Weir Hart on Light Brahma 45. Light Brahma Cock, 2 entries ($3) — First, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 1. Light Brahma Cockerel, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 40; second, Weir Hart on 4; third, Weir Hart on 6; fourth, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 3. Light Brahma Hen, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 36; second, Weir Hart on 37; third, Weir Hart on 48; fourth, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 4. Light Bramha Pullet, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 28; second, Weir Hart on 44; third, Weir Hart on 34; fourth, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 6. Light Brahma, Pen Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, Weir Hart. Light Brahma, Pen Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — First, Weir Hart. Buff Cochin Cock, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, H. S. Masimore on 35; second, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 7. Buff Cochin Cockerel, 5 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, H. S. Masimore on 17; second, H. S. Masimore on 26. Buff Cochin Hen, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, H. S. Masimore on 32; lecond, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 10. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 291 Buff Cochin Pullet, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 12; second, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 13. Black Langshan Cock, 1 entry ($3) — First, Weir Hart on 39. Black Langshan Cockerel, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 38; second, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 14; third, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 15. Black Langshan Hen, 1 entry ($3) — First, Weir Hart on 27. Black Langshan Pullet, 2 entries ($3) — First, Weir Hart on 31. Black Langshan, Pen Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — First, Weir Hart. White Lang-shan Cock, 1 entry ($2) — First, Mrs. J. E. Hull on 1. White Langshan Cockerel, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. E. Hull on 2; second, W. C. Runft on 284. White Langshan Hen, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. E. Hull on 3; second, Mrs. J. E. Hull on 4. White Langshan Pullet, 2 entries ($2) — First, Mrs. J. E. Hull on 5. MEDITERRANEAN Sweepstakes, American Class, Best Cockerel (Silver Loving' Cup) — Julius Wegner on 1. Best Pullet (Silver Loving- Cup) — John J. Moore on 5. EGG LAYING BODY CAPACITY TEST White Leghorns — First, Miss Celia Simmons on 10; second, Julius Weg- ner on 50; third, Mrs. H. A. Taylor on 7. Other Than White Leghorns — First, Leora Leonard on Black Minorca 97; second, Kelleys Poultry Farm on Black Minorca 23; third, Gerald R. Duncan on Black Leghorn 47. Single Comb Brown Leghorn Cock, 4 entries ($3. $2, $1, $1) — First, Leo E. Fahritz on 18; second, F. W. Johnson on 94; third, Leo E. Fahritz on 17; fourth, F. W. Johnson on 91. Single Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerel, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Leo E. Fahritz on S; second, Leo E. Fahritz on 7; third, Leo E. Fahritz on 6. Single Comb Brown Leghorn Hen, 4 entries ($3) — First, F. W. Johnson on 58. Single Comb Brown Leghorn. Pullet, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. McCollum on 14; second, Mrs. Geo. McCollum on 15; third, Leo E. Fahritz on 16; fourth, Leo E. Fahritz on 15. Single Comb Brown Leghorn, Pen Fowls, 2 entries ($5) — First, Mrs. Geo. McCollum. Single Comb Brown Leghorn, Pen Chicks, 2 entries ($5, $3) — First, Mrs. Geo. McCollum; second, Leo E. Fahritz. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cock, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, C. D. Joslin on 50; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 3; third, C. D. Joslin on 7. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerel, 2 entries ($2) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 4. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Hen, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, C. D. Joslin on 3; second, C. D. Joslin on 62; third, Gerald R. Dun- can on 6; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 5. Rose Comb Leghorn Pullet, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First. Gerald R. Duncan on 7; second, C. D. Joslin on 36. Single Comb White Leghorn Cock, 6 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Julius Wegner on 19; second, Julius Wegner on 22; third, Julius Wegner on 49; fourth, W. F. Wallace on 259. Single Comb White Leghorn, Cockerel, 20 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Julius Wegner on 1; second, Juiius Wegner on 4; third, John J. Moore on 22; fourth, Ina Morton on 15. 292 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Single Comb White Leghorn Hen, 11 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Julius Wegner on 6; second, Julius Wegner on 50; third, W. F. Wallace on 65; fourth., W. F. Wallace on 58. Single Comb White Leghorn Pullet, 15 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John J. Moore on 5; second, Julius Wegner on 5; third, Julius Wegner on 7; fourth, Mrs. H. A. Taylor on 11. Single Comb White Leghorn Pen Chicks, 11 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Julius Wegner; second, Harry Firkins; third, Mrs. H. A. Taylor. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Cock, 2 entries ($3) — First, Gerald R. Dun- can on 9. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Cockerel, 5 entries ($3, $2) — First, Frank V. Gippee on 1; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 10. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Hen, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Frank V. Gippee on 2; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 12; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 13. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Pullet, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 15; second, Frank V. Gippee on 3; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 14. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Pen Chicks, 2 entries ($5) — First, Gerald R. Duncan. Single Comb Black Leghorn Cock, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 41; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 39; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 37; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 76. Single Comb Black Leghorn Cockerel, 7 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 41; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 26; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 40; fourth, H. C. Hunt on 12. Single Comb Black Leghorn Hen, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 47; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 48; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 49; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 50. Single Comb Black Leghorn Pullet, 7 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, H. C. Hunt on 21; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 92; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 41; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 33. Single Comb Black Minorca Cock, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Kelleys Poul- try Farm on 1; second, Mrs. A. E. Peters on 11. Single Comb Black Minorca Cockerel, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Kelleys Poultry Farm on 11; second, Kelleys Poultry Farm on 12; third, Kelleys Poultry Farm on 10. Single Comb Black Minorca Hen, 8 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents. 50 cents) — First, Mrs. A. E. Peters on 13; second, Mrs. A. E. Peters on 68; third, Leora Leonard on 97; fourth, Leora Leonard on 9. Single Comb Black Minorca Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Kelleys Poultry Farm on 16; second, Kelleys Poultry Farm on 17. Single Comb Black Minorca Pen Fowls, 2 entries ($5) — First, Kelleys Poultry Farm. Single Comb Black 3Iinorca Pen Chicks, 2 entries ($5, $3) — First, Kelleys Poultry Farm; second, Leora Leonard. Single Comb Buff Minorea Hen, 1 entry ($2) — First, Walter Russell on 37. Single Comb Buff Minorca Pullet, 1 entry ($2) — First, Walter Russell on 46. Single Comb White Minorca Cock, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Fred C. Hacke on 301; second, Fred C. Hacke on 303; third, Fred C. Hacke on 302. Single Comb White Minorca Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Fred C. Hacke on 305; second, Fred C. Hacke on 304; third, Fred C. Hacke on 306. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 293 Single Comb White Minorca Hen, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Fred C. Hacke on 309; second, Fred C. Hacke on 307; third, Fred C. Hacke on 308. Single Comb White Minorca Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Fred C. Hacke on 310; second, Fred C. Hacke on 311; third, Fred C. Hacke on 3*12. Blue Andalusian Cockerel, 1 entry ($1) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 93. Blue Andalusian Pullet, 2 entries ($1) — First, Gerald R. Duncan. Mottled Ancona (Single or Rose Comb) Cock, 1 entry ($2) — First, F. A. Davis on 15. Mottled Ancona (Single or Rose Comb) Cockerel, 8 entries ($2, $1,. 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, F. A. Davis on 10; second, R. Budatz on 3; third, E. A. Frauquemont on 61; fourth, D. D. Dailey on 35. Mottled Ancona (Single or Rose Comb) Hen, 1 entry ($2) — First, Thomas Barron on 44. Mottled Ancona (Single or Rose Comb) Pullet, 12 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, F. A. Davis on 4; second, F. A. Davis on 21; third, R. Budatz on 6; fourth, R. Budatz on 5. Mottled Ancona (Single or Rose Comb) Pen Chicks, 3 entries ($5) — First, R. Budatz. Campines (Silver) Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, C. A. Goss on 23; second, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 78; third, Pauline Fitzsimmons on 26. Campines (Silver) Pullet, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, C. A. Goss on 24; second, C. A. Goss on 25; third, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 64. ENGLISH Sweepstakes, Best Cockerel (Silver Loving Cup) — F. S. Jordan on Buff Orpington 09450. Best Pullet (Silver Loving- Cup) — Mrs. F. Happe on White Orpington 59. EGG LAYING BODY CAPACITY TEST Buffi Orpington, — First, Dr. H. E. Day & Son on 2360; second, Dr. H. E. Day & Son on 8; third, F. S. Jordon on 3767. English, Other Than Buff Orpingtons — First, O. M. Brown on 21; second, G. M. Wormley on 55. Speckled Sussex Hen, 1 entry ($2) — First, Ira Luse on 21. Speckled Sussex Pullet, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, George Beard on 27; second, Ira Luse on 5. Single Comb Buff Orpington Cock, IS entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, F. S. Jordon on 09210; second, Dr. H. E. Day & Son on 3550; third, O. M. Brown on 12; fourth, Dr. H. E. Day & Son on 28. Single Comb Buff Orpington Cockerel, 15 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, F. S. Jordon on 09450; second, F. S. Jordon on 09100; third, Wm. Herink on 58; fourth, F. S. Jordan on 09140. Single Comb Buff Orpington Hen, 20 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, F. S. Jordon on 3767; second, O. M. Brown on 3; third, Sebert Doerder on 31; fourth, F. S. Jordon on 27. Single Comb Buff Orpington Pullet, 13 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, F. S. Jordon on A. 5366; second, F. S. Jordon on A. 5364; third, F. S. Jordon on A. 5387; fourth, Roup & Son on 3. Single Comb Buff Orpington Pen Fowls, 9 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Dr. H. E Day & Son; second, Dr. H. E. Day & Son; third, Roup & Son. Single Comb Buff Orpington Pen Chicks, 5 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, F. S. Jordon; second, Dr. H. E. Day & Son; third, Mrs. M. R. Hess. Single Comb Black Orpington Cock, 1 entry ($3) — First, O. M. Brown on 11. 294 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Single Comb Black Orpington Cockerel, 2 entries ($3, $2) — First, Ira Pfantz on 32; second, Ira Pfantz on 28. Single Comb Black Orpington Hen, 1 entry ($3) — First, O. M. Brown on 21. Single Comb Black Orpington Pullet, 1 entry ($3) — First, Ira Pfantz on 30. Single Comb Black Orpington Pen Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — First, Ira Pfantz. Single Comb White Orpington Cock, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, G. M. Wormley on 30; second, G. M. Wormley on 26. Single Comb White Orpingtoir Cockerel, 12 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Oscar Larson on 8; second, G. M. Wormley on 52; third, G. M. Wormley on 66; fourth, Theo. W. Happe on 28. Single Comb White Orpington Hen, 7 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. F. Happee on 99; second, G. M. Wormley on 81; third, G. M. Wormley on 55; fourth, F. M. Hayden on 2. Single Comb White Orpington Pullet, 13 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. F. Happe on 59; second, Mrs. F. Happe on 57; third, G. M. Wormley on 56; fourth, G. M. Wormley on 70. Single Comb White Orpington Pen Fowls, 2 entries ($5) — First, G. M. Wormley. Single Comb White Orpington Pen Chicks, 3 entries ($5, $3) — First, G. M. Wormley; second, Ardis Farley. Single Comb Blue Orpington Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Ira Pfantz on 50. Single Comb Blue Orpington Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Ira Pfantz on 33; second, Ira Pfantz on 36. Single Comb Blue Orpington Hen, 1 entry (50 cents) — First, Ira Pfantz on 26. Single Comb Blue Orpington Pullet, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Ira Pfantz on 27; second, Ira Pfantz on 43. Dark Cornish Cock, 3 entries ($2. $1, 75 cents) — First, Fred G. Reis. second, Geo. Beard on 28; .hird, Kermit Donnelly on 13. Dark Cornish Cockerel, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Geo. Dickey on 119; **cond, Thomas Smollie on 1; third, Thomas Smollie on 2. Dark Cornish Hen, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Fred G. Reis on 3; second, Geo. Beard on 29. Dark Cornish Pullet, 8 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Geo. Dickey on 102; second. Geo. Dickey on 101; third, Geo. Dickey on 104. Dark «;ornish Pen Fowls, 2 entries ($5) — First, Fred G. Reis. Dark •Cornish Pen Chicks, 2 entries ($5, $3) — First, Fred G. Reis; second, George Beard. White Cornish Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Mrs. E. C. Graves on 1. White Cornish Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. E. C. Graves on 3; second, Mrs. E. C. Graves on 2. White v. Greening — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second. Cyrus E. Harvey; third, J. W. Pearson, Mitchellville. Price Sweet — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Apple Grove Orchard; third. Ella Plummer. Red June — First. Chas. O. Garrett; second. Cyrus E. Harvey; third. The Harvey Nursery. Rome Beauty — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Ella Plummer. Roman Stem — First, Ella Plummer; Second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Cyrus E. Harvey. Salome — First, The Harvey Nursery; second. Cyrus E. Harvey: third. Chas. O. Garrett. Senator — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Stayman — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Cyrus E. Har- vey; third. The Harvey Nursery. Willow Twig — First, Ella Plummer; second. The Harvey Nursery; third. Chas. O. Garrett. Yellow Transparent — First. Cyrus E. Harvey: second. Chas. O. Garrett; third. The Harvey Nursery. Wealthy — First. Apple Grove Orchard; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third. Cyrus E. Harvey. Winesap — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, J. W. Pearson. Wolf River — First, The Harvey Nursery: second. Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. York — First, AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 329 Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Ella Plummer. Optional — Pewaukee — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Cole's Quince — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Ella Plummer. I tter's Red — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Cyrus E. Harvey. King David — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Apple Grove Orchard. Fulton — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Ella Plummer. Flory — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Apple Grove Orchard. Domine & Ralls — First, The Harvey Nursery; second, J. W. Pearson; third, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Hass — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, C. S. Jordon, Valley Junc- tion. Cox's Sweet — First, J. W. Pearson; second, Ella Plummer; third, Apple Grove Orchard. Black King; — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Apple Grove Orchard; third, J. W. Pearson. PLATES APPLES FROM SOUTHERN DISTRICT Judge H. E. Nichols. Premiums on Each Variety ($1.50, $1, 50 cents) — Ben Davis — First, A. R. Soder, Hartford; second, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; third, Thos. Enright, Patterson. Benoni — First, A. R. Soder; second, W. F. Clements, Agency; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Chenango — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. En- right; third, F. L. Overley, Indianola. Delicious — First, Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, Wm. Landis, Peru. Duchess — First, A. R. Soder; second, W. F. Clements; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Dyer — First, Thos. Enright. Fameuse — First, Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk. Grimes — First, A. R. Soder; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, Thos. Enright. Iowa Blush — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder. Jonathan — First, A. R. Soder; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, W. F. Clements. King David — First, A. R. Soder; second, F. L. Overley; third, Thos. Enright. Lowell — First, A. R. Soder; second, Mrs. Howard Eales, Des Moines. Maiden Blush — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A. R. Soder; third, Thos. Enright. 31. Black Twig — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A. R. Soder; third, Thos. Enright. 31c- Mahon — First, Thos. Enright. Minkler — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright. N. W. Greening — First, Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, A. R. Soder. Prices' Sweet — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. En- right. Ralls — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Roman Stem — First, A. R. Soder; second, F. L. Overley; third, Thos. Enright. Salome — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Tolman Sweet — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright. Utters Red — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright. Wealthy — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder; third, Wm. Landis. Willow Twig — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright. Winesap — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, A. R. Soder. Wolf River — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, E. W. Kibler, Agency. Yel- low Transparent — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright; third, Geo. A. Schurk. York — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Optional — Stayman — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A. R. Soder; third, Thos. Enright. Ingram — First, A. R. Soder; second, Geo. A. Schurk. Barley — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third. J. E. Grant, Carlisle. Ramsdale — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder; third, Wib Clement, Agency. Perry Russet — First, Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, A. R. Soder. Gan.o — First, Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, W. F. Clement. Chicago — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A. R. Soder; third, Thos. Eright. Flory — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, A. R. Soder. Rome Beauty — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A. R, Soder; third, Thos. Enright. Red June — First, Thos. En- right; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, A. R. Soder. 330 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV APPLES HOME ORCHARD COLLECTION Judge H. E. Nichols. Northern District ($8, $5, $4, $3) — First, C. H. True, Edgewood; second, O. O. Lomen, Decorah; third, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee; fourth, Isaac John- son, West Union. Central District ($8, $5, $4, $3, $2) — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; second, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; third, L. C. Knudson, Le Grand; fourth, B. H. Beane, Le Grand; fifth, N. F. Ambrose, McCallsburg. Capital District ($8, $5, $4, $3, $2) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; third, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitch- ellville; fourth, Mrs. V. M. Brazelton, Ankeny; fifth, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona. Southern District ($8, $5, $4) — First, Thos. Enright, Patterson; second, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; third, A. R. Soder, Hartford. APPLE COLLECTIONS FROM NORTHERN DISTRICT Judge C. S. Hoi^land. Collection Not Less Than 20 Varieties or More Than 50 ($35, $25, $15, $10) First, C. H. True, Edgewood; second, O. O. Lomen, Decorah; third, Isaac Johnson, West Union; fourth, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee. Four Varieties, Summer ($5, $4, $3, $2) — First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen; third, Isaac Johnson; fourth, P. M. Peterson. Six Varieties, Fall ($5, $4, $3, $2) — First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen; third, Isaac Johnson; fourth, P. M. Peterson. Six Varieties, Winter ($5, $4, $3, $2) — First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen; third, Isaac Johnson; fourth, P. M. Peterson. APPLE COLLECTIONS FROM CENTRAL DISTRICT Judge W. J. Kockbn. Collection Not Less Than 20 Varieties or More Than. 50 ($35, $25, $15, $10, $5) — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; second, M. J, Worth, Mondamin; third, Chas. M. L. Clemons, Davenport; fourth, N. F. Ambrose, McCallsburg; fifth, D. D. Hamilton, Morning Sun. Four Varieties, Summer ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, Chas. M. L. Clemons; fourth, N. F. Ambrose; fifth, D. D. Hamilton. Six Varieties, Fall ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, Chas. M. L. Clemons; fourth, N. F. Ambrose; fifth, D. D. Hamilton. Six Varieties, Winter ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, L. C. Knudson, Le Grand; fourth, B. H. Beane, Le Grand; fifth, N. B. Ambrose. APPLE COLLECTIONS FROM CAPITAL DISTRICT Judge W. J. Kockbn. Collection, Not Less Than 20 Varieties or More Than 50 ($35, $25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; third, Ella Plummer, Des Moines; ' fourth, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona; fifth, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville. Four Varieties, Summer ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Chas. O. Garrett; fourth, Ella Plum- mer; fifth, Apple Grove Orchard. Six Varieties, Fall ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Ella Plummer; fourth, Apple Grove Orchard; fifth, The Harvey Nursery. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 331 Six Varieties, Winter ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett; fourth, The Harvey Nursery; fifth, Ella Plummer. APPLE COLLECTIONS FROM SOUTHERN DISTRICT JUDGE H- K NICHOLS. Collection, Not Less Than 20 Varieties or 3Iore Than 50 ($35, $25, $15) First, A. R. Soder, Hartford; second, Thos. Enright, Patterson; third, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison. Four Varieties, Summer ($5, $4)— First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. En- right. Six Varieties, Fall ($5, $4)— First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright. Six • Varieties, Winter ($5, $4, $3)— First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder; third, Geo. A. Schurk. APPLES IN TRAYS JUDGE W- J- KOCKEN. Northern District ($5, $3, $2)— Duchess— First, C. H. True, Edgewood; second, O. O. Lomen, Decorah; third, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee. Wealthy —First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen; third, P. M. Peterson. N. W. Greening First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen. Fameuse — First, C. H. True- second, O. O. Lomen. Malinda— First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peter- son. Tolman Sweet— First, C. H. True. Wolf River— First, O. O. Lomen. Optional— First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen. Optional— First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen. Optional— First, O. O. Lomen; second, P. M. Peterson. Central District ($5, $3, $2)— Duchess— First, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; second, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; third, Chas. F. demons, Davenport. Wealthy First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth. Maiden Blush — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Chas. F .Clemons. Delicious — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Grimes— First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Jonathan— First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, Chas. F. Clemons. N. W. Greening— First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Chas. F. Clemons. Optional — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Chas. F. Clemons. Optional — First. M. J. Worth; sec- ond, E. O. Worth; third, Chas. F. Clemons. Optional — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Chas. F. Clemons. Capital District ($5, $3, $2, $1)— Duchess— First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona; third, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona. Wealthy— First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville; third, Cyrus E. Harvey. Maiden Blush — First. Chas. O. Gar- rett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, The Harvey Nursery. N. W. Green- ing—First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, The Harvey Nursery. Delicious — First, Harvey Nursery; second. Cyrus E. Harvey. Jonathan — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Grimes — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Optional— First, The Harvey Nursery; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Cyrus E. Harvey; fourth, Apple Grove Orchard. Optional— First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Gar- rett; third, Apple Grove Orchard; fourth, The Harvey Nursery. Optional First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Apple Grove Orchard; fourth, Chas. O. Garrett. Southern District ($5, $3, $2, $1)— Duchess— First, A. R. Soder. Hartford. Wealthy — First, Thos. Enright, Patterson. Maiden Blush — First, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; second, Thos. Enright. Delicious — First, Geo. A. Schurk'; second, Thos. Enright. Grimes — First, A. R. Soder; second. Geo. A. Schurk; third, Thos. Enright. Jonathan — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A R. Soder; third, Thos. Enright. Ben Davis — First, Thos. Enright; second, 332 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV A. R. Soder. Optional — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, A. R. Soder. Optional — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, A. R. Soder; third, Thos. Enright. Optional — First, F. L. Overley, Indianola; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, A. R. Soder. TWENTY-FIVE PLATE DISPLAY Judge C. S. Holland. Northern District ($10, $8) — First, C. H. True, Edgewood; second, O. O. Lomen, Decorah. Central District ($10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; second, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; third, L. C. Knudson, Le Grand; fourth, Chas. M. L. Clemons, Davenport; fifth, D. D. Hamilton, Morning Sun. Capital District ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchell- ville; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; third, The Harvey Nursery, Al- toona; fourth, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines. Southern District ($10, $8, $5) — First, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; second, Thos. Enright, Patterson; third, A. R. Soder, Hartford. TEN PLATE DISPLAY Judge C. S. Holland. Best Ten Plates Wealthy ($10, $8, $4, $3, $2) — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; third, Apple Grove Or- chard, Mitchellville; fourth, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona; fifth, H. H. Ban Bentheysen, Runnells. Best Ten Plates Jonathan. ($10, $8, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; second, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; third, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville; fourth, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; fifth, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona; sixth, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona. Best Ten Plate Exhibit Each of Three Other Varieties to be Selected ($10, $8, $4, $3, $2, $1) — Grimes — First, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; second, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville; third, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; fourth. The Harvey Nursery, Altoona; fifth, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines. N. W. Greening — First, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville; second, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; third, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; fourth, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; fifth, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona; sixth, Chas. M. L. Clemons, Davenport. Delicious — Willow Twig — First, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; second, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; third, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; fourth, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; fifth, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville; sixth, The Harvey Nursery, Altoona. SWEEPSTAKES PLATES Premiums on Each Variety ($5) — Duchess — First, Cyrus E. Harvey, Al- toona. Wealthy — First, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville. Jonathan — First, M. J. Worth, Mondamin. Grimes — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin. Delicious — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin. N. W. Greening — First, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville. Ben Davis — First, M. J. Worth,- Mondamin. Stayman — First, M. J. Worth, Mondamin. Maiden Blush — First, M. J. Worth, Mondamin. Rambo — First, E. O. Worth, Mondamin. Grand Sweepstakes (Ribbon) — E. O. Worth, Mondamin. CRABS Judge C. V. Holsinger. Northern District ($1.50, $1, 50 cents) — Whitney — First, O. O. Lomen, Decorah; second, C. H. True, Edgewood; third, Mrs. E. J. J. Heise. Hyslop — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson. Martha — First, P. M. Peter- son. Transcendent — First, P. M. Peterson. Yellow Siberian — First, P. M. Peterson. Briers Sweet — First, P. M. Peterson; second, C. H. True. Flor- ence— First, C. H. True; second, O. O. Lomen. Virginia — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson; third, O. O. Lomen. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 333 Central District ($1-50, $1, 50 cents) — Whitney— First, M. J. Worth, Mon- damin; second, E. O. Worth, Mondamin. Martha — First, M. J. Worth, Mon- damin; second, E. O. Worth. Transcendent — First, Chas. F. L. Clemons, Davenport; second, E. O. Worth; third, M. J. Worth. Florence — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth. Virginia — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Yellow Siberian — Fiast, Chas. F. L.. Clemons. Briers Sweet — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Capital District ($1.50, $1, 50 cents)— Whitney— First, Harvey Nursery, Altoona; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; third, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchellville. II > slop — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, The Harvey Nursery. Martha — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Ella Plummer. Transcendent — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Ella Plummer; third, L. C. Brown, Des Moines. Yellow Siberian — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery. Briers Sweet — First, Chas. O. Garrett. Snyder — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Mrs. V. M. Brazel- ton, Ankeny; third, The Harvey Nursery. Florence — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, The Harvey Nursery; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Southern District ($1.50, $1, 50 cents) — Whitney — First, F. L. Overley, Indianola; second, Thos. Enright, Patterson; third, Mrs. John Kinzey, Milo. Hyslop — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder, Hartford. Martha — First, Thos. Enright; second, E. K. Kibler, Ankeny. Transcendent — First, Thos. Enright. Yellow Siberian — First, W. F. Clements, Agency; second, Thos. Enright. Briers Sweet — First, Thos. Enright. Optional — Virginia — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright; third, Gertie Englebrecht, Valley Junction. Florence — First, Thos. Enright; second, A. R. Soder. PEARS Judge C. V. Holsinger. Best and Largest Collection of Pears, Not Less Than Five Varieties ($15, $10, $5) — First, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; third, Chas. M. L. Clemmons, Davenport. Premiums on Each Variety ($1.50, $1, 50 cents) — Bartlett — Second, Geo. A. Schurk, Ft. Madison; third, M. J. Worth, Mondamin. Duchess — First, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; second, Clarence Wilbur, Ackworth; third, Chas. M. L. Clemons, Davenport. Flemish Beauty — First, M. J. Worth; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Garber — First, E. O. Worth second, M. J. Worth; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Kieifer — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, M. J. Worth; third, Geo. A. Schurk. Lincoln — First, M. J. Worth. Seckel — First, Clar- ence Wilbur; second, Geo. A. Schurk. Sudduth — First, F. L. Overley; sec- ond, A. R. Soder; third, Ella Plummer. Hartford — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Vermont Beauty— First, Chas. O. Garrett. Howell — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Geo. A. Schurk. Bartlett Seckel- - First, Geo. A. Schurk. Sheldon — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth. Conjou — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Chas. M. Li. Clemons. PEACHES Judge C. S. Holland. SOUTHERN DISTRICT Collection of Peaches Not Less Than Five Varieties ($10, $5, $2) — First. E. O. Worth, Mondamin; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; third, Chas. M. L. Clemons, Davenport. Plates, Worthy Varieties (Premium limited to five varieties. Seedlings may be entered, but must be of recognized value. Duplicate plates must be used for collections) ($1, 50 cents) — Elberta — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Champion. Variety — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Bokara Type — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona. Early Crawford Variety — First, Apple Grove Orchard, Mitchell- ville; second, J W. Pearson, Mitchellville. Seedling No. 1 — First, Chas. M. L. Clemons; second, Apple Grove Orchard. 334 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV GRAPES judge C. V. Holsinger. NORTHERN DISTRICT Best Collection and Largest Collection of Grapes, Not Less Than Five Varieties ($15, $10, $8) — First, C. H. *True, Edgewood; second. Effie M. Backe, Hubbard; third, A. A. Lomen, Decorah. Premiums on Each Variety ($1.5 0, $1, 50 cents) — Agawan — First, C. H. True; second, Effie M. Backe. Beta — First, Effie M. Backe; second, N. F. Ambrose. Brighton — First, C. H. True. Concord — First, C. H. True; sec- ond, Effie M. Backe; third. N. F. Ambrose. Delaware — First, C. H. True; Eaton— First, C. H. True, Moore's Early — First. C. H. True; second, Effie M. Backe. Niagara — First, C. H. True; second, J. F. Ambrose. Woodruff Red — First, C. H. True. Worden — First, C. H. True; second, Effie M. Backe. Wyoming Red — First, C. H. True. Early Daisy — First C. H. True. Colorain — First, C. H. True. Ives — First, C. H. True. Wilder — First, C. H. True. SOUTHERN DISTRICT Best and Largest Collection of Grapes, Not Less Than Five Varieties ($15, $10, $8, $5) — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; third, A. R. Soder, Hartford; fourth, Chas. F. L. dem- ons, Davenport. Premiums on Each Variety ($1.50, $1, 50 cents) — Agawan — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Mrs. W. M. Riley, Patterson; third, O. B. Pickering, Des Moines. Brighton — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Concord — First, William Allen, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Mrs. W. M. Riley. Delaware — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Lucile — First, Chas. O. Garrett. Moore's Early — First, Mrs. W. M. Riley; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, O. B. Pickering, aioore's Dia- mond— First, Mrs. W. M. Riley; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, O. B. Pickering. Niagara — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Wm. Landis, Peru. Pocklington — First, Chas. O. Garrett. Woodruff Red — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Wm. Landis. AVorden — First, Mrs. W. M. Riley; second, O. B. Pickering; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Wyoming Red — First, Mrs. W. M. Riley; second, O. B. Pickering; third, Chas. O. Gar- rett. Optional — Elivira — First, Mrs. W. M. Riley; second, O. B. Pickering; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Banner — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Clingon — Bary — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, Chas. F. L. demons. Champion Luttie — First, Chas. O. Gar- rett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey; third, J. H. Comer, Des Moines. American Unknown — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. PLUMS Judge W. J. Kocken. NORTHERN DISTRICT Largest and Best Collection of Plums, Not Less Than 15 Varieties ($15, $10) — First, O. O. Lomen, Decorah; second, Isaac Johnson, West Union. Premiums on Each Variety ($1, 50 cents) — De Soto — First, Isaac Johnson; second, O. O. Lomen. Forest .Garden — First, Isaac Johnson; second, O. O. Lomen. Hawkeye — First, O. O. Lomen. Hunt — First, Isaac Johnson. Miner — First, C. H. True. Stoddard — First, O. O. Lomen. Terry — First, O. O. Lomen. Waneta — First, O. O. Lomen. Wild Goose — First, Isaac Johnson; second, O. O. Lomen. Wolf — First, S. F. Ambrose, McCallsburg; second, O. O. Lomen. Waynett — First, N. F. Ambrose; second, O. O. Lomen. Surprise — First, N. F. Ambrose; second, C. H. True. Optional — First, Isaac Johnson; second, O. O. Lomen. Optional — First, O. O. Lomen; second, Isaac Johnson. Optional — First, O. O. Lomen; second, Isaac Johnson. Optional — First, O. O. Lomen; second, Isaac Johnson. Best Collection Domestic Plums, Not Less Than Five Varieties ($5) — First, O. O. Lomen, Decorah. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 335 SOUTHERN DISTRICT Largest and Best Collection of Plnms, Not Less Than 15 Varieties ($15, $10, $8) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; third, Chas. F. L. demons, Davenport. Premiums on Each Variety ($1, 50 cents) — Damson — First, Cyrus E. Har- vey; second, J. W. Pearson. De Soto — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Forest Garden — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Hammer — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Hawkeye — First, A. R. Llewellyn, Waukee; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Hunt — First, Chas. O. Garrett. Lombard — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Miner — First, Chas. F. L. Clemons; second, J. W. Pearson. Stoddard — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Terry — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Waneta — First, Apple Grove Orchard; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Wild Goose — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Wolf — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Wyant — First, W. E. Utterback, Sigourney; second," Chas. O. Gar- rett. Optional — First, J. W. Pearson; second, Cyrus E. Harvey. Optional — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Apple Grove Orchard. Optional — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. F. L. Clemons. Optional — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, J. W. Pearson. Optional — First, J. W. Pearson; second, A. R. Soder. Optional — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, D. D. Hamilton. Best Collection, Domestic Plums, Not Less Than Five Varieties ($5, $3) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Best Collection of Japan or Hybrid Plums, Not Less Than Three Varieties ($3, $2) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey; second, Apple Grove Orchard. UNNAMED SEEDLING FRUITS Judge C. V. Holsinger. Plate Seedling Apples, Six Specimens ($6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; second, N. F. Ambrose, McCallsburg; third, E. O. Worth, Mondamin; fourth, A. R. Soder, Hartford. Plate Seedling Native Hybrid Crab, Ten Specimens ($1.50, $1, 50 cents) — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, A. R. Soder, Hartford; third, Chas. F. L. Clemons, Davenport. Plate Native Plum Seedling, Fifteen Specimens ($5, $4. $3, $2) — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, J. W. Pearson, Mitchellville; third, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; fourth, A. R. Soder, Hartford. NATIVE FRUITS Judge C. S. Holland. Plates Elderberry ($1, 50 cents) — First, F. L. Overly, Indianola; second, J. L. Hamilton, Lucas. Plates Juneberry ($1, 50 cents) — First, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines. Plates Fresh Strawberry Progressive ($1, 50 cents) — First, Wm. Allen, Des Moines; second, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona. Plates Fresh Strawberry, Other Variety ($1) — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines. Plates of Other Native Fruits, Limited to Five Kinds ($1, 50 cents) — Wild Grapes — First, E. A. Foster, Norwalk; second, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines. Haws — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines; second, Chas. F. L. Clemons, Dav- enport. Wild Cherry — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines; second, Chas. F. L. Clemons, Davenport. Wild Crab Apples — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; second, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines. Canned Wild Fruit — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines. Best Collection of Native Fruits ($5, $4, $3, $2) — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines; second, W. Clement, Agency; third, Cyrus E. Harvey, Altoona; fourth, Chas. F. L. Clemons, Davenport. 336 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV EDIBLE NUTS GROWN IN IOWA, NATIVE OR FOREIGN ORIGIN Judge W. J. Kocken. Plates Black Walnut ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. W. M. Riley, Patterson; second, Ella Plummer, Des Moines. Plates AVhite Walnut or Butternut ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. C. C. Bier- ma, East Des Moines; second, Ella Plummer, Des Moines. Plates Shell Bark Hickory Nut ($1, 50 cents) — First, Wib Clement, Ag-ency; second, Ella Plummer, Des Moines. Plates Hazlenut ($1, 50 cents) — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines; second, Walter Russell, Indianola. Plates Sweet Chestnut ($1, 50 cents) — First, H. E. Spalti, Pleasantville; second, J. W. Pearson, Mitchellville. Plates Pecan ($1) — First, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines. Plates Peanuts (50 cents) — Second, Ella Plummer, Des Moines. Plates of Other Nuts Grown in Iowa, Limited to Five Kinds ($1) — Almond — First, Odessa Porter Llewellyn, Waukee. Best Collection of Nuts ($5) — First, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines. GLADIOLI DISPLAY Superintendent L. E. Foglesong. Judge T. O. Smedlet. Best Collection of Named Varieties ($40, $30, $15) — First, Beebe & Tucker, Mitchellville; second, G. D. Black, Independence; third, Chas. J. Siemer, Nora Springs. One Vase, Six Spikes, Le Marechal Foch ($5, $3, $1) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, D. D. Strickler, Mitchellville; third, G. D. Black. One Vase, Six Spikes, Mrs. Dr. Norton ($3) — Second, G. D. Black. One Vase, Six Spikes, Mary Fennell ($5, $3, $1) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, L. D. Strickler; third, Wm. Hester, Des Moines. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, White ($3, $2, $1) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, L. D. Strickler; third, Chas. J. Siemer. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Scarlet ($3, $2, $1) — First, Wm. Hester; second, Beebe & Tucker; third, G. D. Black. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Blue-Beds ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. J. Seimer; second, G. D. Black; third, Wm. Hester. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Light Pink ($3, $2, $1) — First, L. D. Strickler; second, Beebe & Tucker; third, Wm. Hester. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Dark Pink ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. J. Seimer; second, G. D. Black; third, L. D. Strickler. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Salmon ($3, $2, $1) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, L. D. Strickler; third, G. D. Black. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Yellow ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. J. Seimer; second, Wm. Hester; third, Beebe & Tucker. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Purple ($3, $2, $1) — First, Wm. Hester: second, G. D. Black: third, Chas. J. Seimer. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Lavender ($3, $2, $1) — First, G. D. Black; second, Chas. J. Seimer; third, Wm. Hester. One Vase, Six Spikes. One Variety, Variegated ($3, $2) — First, Chas. J. Seimer; second, G. D. Black. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Ruffled ($3, $2, $1) — First, G. D. Black; second, Beefee & Tucker; third, L. D. Strickler. One Vase, Six Spikes, One Variety, Primulinus Hyhrid ($2, $1) — Second, Chas. J. Seimer; third, G. D. Black. One Vase, Six Spikes, New Variety ($3, $2, $1) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, Chas. J. Seimer; third, G. D. Black. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 337 SPECIAL PRIZES One Vase, 25 Spikes, Mrs. Francis King ($10, $5) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, L. D. Strickler. One Vase, 12 Spikes, Louise ($3) — Second, G. D. Black. Three Vases, Three Spikes Each, Three Named Varieties, Lavender or Blue ($1)— Third, G. D. Black. Best Unnamed Seedling Gladiolus ($3, $2) — First, Chas. J. Seimer; second, Wm. Hestier. One Vase, 12 Schwaben ($3, $2) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, L. D. Strickler. One Vase, 12 Spikes, Mary Fennell ($5, $3) — First, L. D. Strickler; second, G. D. Black. One Vase, 12 Spikes, Gretchen Zang ($5, $3) — First, L. D. Strickler; second, G. D. Black. Basket, 12 Spikes, Mixed Varieties ($5, $3, $2) — First, Beebe & Tucker; second, Chas. J. Seimer; third, G. D. Black. TEXTILE AND CHINA DEPARTMENT Superintendent T. C. Legoe, What Cheer, Iowa. Judge R. J. Hess. HOUSEHOLD FABRICS, QUILTS, ETC. Rug, Any Material ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Isaac Keller, Alleman; second, Mrs. John E. Ash, Des Moines; third, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Velvet Quilt ($3, $2, $1) — First. E. Heydon, Mitchellville; second, Miss Esther Seiberling, Mitchellville; third, Helen Johnston, Des Moines. Silk Quilt ($3, $2, $1) — First, Helen Johnston, Des Moines; second, Mrs. A. J. Mathis, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Carl Hummell, Des Moines. Outline Quilt ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Harnagel. Des Moines; second, Jennie Given, Des Moines; third, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Cradle Quilt ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. H. F. Grass, Des Moines; second Mrs. Reid Burks, Des Moines; third, Lucille Eichenlamb, Des Moines. Cotton Patchwork Quilt ($2, $1, $1) — First, Katherine Hulse, Perry; second, Mrs. John E. Ash, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Ora Hick, Altoona. Log Cabin Quilt ($2, $1, $1) — First, Miss Esther Seiberling, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. Wm. M. Bontilier, Forest City; third, Mrs. A. A. Johnson, Gladbrook. Worsted Quilt ($2, $1) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchellville; second, Heler Johnston, Des Moines. Specimen of Quilting Handmade, Not Less Than One Yard ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mary Jane Bennison, Des Moines; second, Helen Johnston, Des Moines; third, Mrs. W. C. Raney, Des Moines. Silk Comfort ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr., Des Moines; second. Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Worsted Comfort ($2, $1, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines; second, E. Heydon, Mitchellville; third, Mrs. G. W. Dietz, Des Moines. Cotton Comfort ($1) — Third, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr., Des Moines. Cotton Applique Quilt ($3, $2, $1) — First, Helen Johnston, Des Moines; second, Mrs. John E. Ash, Des Moines; third, Edna Crabtree, Polk City. Cotton Braided Rug ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. W. R. Alexander, Des Moines; second, J. M. Gustafson, Lake View; third, Mrs. Sadie M. Crane, Des Moines. 338 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Cotton Pieced Quilt ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Clara Spitzer, Norwalk; second, Mrs. Wm. W. Bontilier, Forest City; third, Edna Crabtree, Polk City. Woven Cotton Rug ($2) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2. $1) — First, Mrs. A. C. Olson, Des Moines; second, Hazel Poulos, Des Moines; third, Lillian Otte, Valley Junc- tion. ECONOMY CLASSIFICATION SEWING Work Dress ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Oliver Moe, Algona; second, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; third, Mrs. A. J. Mathis, Des Moines. Work Apron ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. J. H. Boylan, Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. A. Mathis, Des Moines; third Mrs. Fred Mathis, Des Moines. Made Over Dress ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Oliver Moe; third, Mrs. R. D. Kaufman, Des Moines. Dress, Made From Cast-off Garments, for Child Under Eight Years ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; second, Mable C. Luther, Des Moines; third, Miss Etta Keeling, Des Moines. Best Dress, Made From Cast-Off Garments, for Child Between 8 and 16 Years ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. R. J. Kaufmann; second, Mrs. G. W. Dietz;' third, Mrs. Oliver Moe. Child's Coat Made From Old Garment ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. F. M. Jackson, Des Moines; second, M. D. Jump, Waukee; third, Mrs. Gale W. McMillan, Waukee. Child's Underwear, Made From Cast-Off Knitted Underwear ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; second, Mable C. Luther. Layette, Costing Less Than $5.00 ($2) — First, Mrs. J. W. Tyrrell, Des Moines. Clothing Made From Flour or Sugar Sacks ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Oliver Moe; second, Mrs. Louise Smith; third, Mrs. W. C. Raney, Des Moines. Boy's Suit, Made From Cast-Off Garments ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant; second, Mrs. R. J. Kaufmann. Child's Clothing Made From Old Stockings ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts; second, Mrs. J. W. Tyrell; third, Mable C. Luther. DARNING Darning on Wool Garment ($2, $1) — First, Wm. J. Neimeyer, West Point; second, Jane Adamson, Ankeny. Darning on Silk Garment ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Oliver Moe; second, Jane Adamson. Darning on Cotton Garment or Household Article ($2, $1) — First, Jane Adamson; second, Wm. J. Neimeyer. Darning on Linen Garment or Household Article ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. H. H. Johnston, Des Moines; second, Wm. J. Neimeyer, West Point; third, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts. PATCHING Patching on Silk Garment ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Oliver Moe; second, Jane Adamson. Patching on Wool Garment ($2, $1) — First, Jane Adamson; second, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts. Patching on Cotton Garment or Household Article ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. H. H. Johnston; second, Esther Brazelton, Ankeny; third, Mrs. Oliver Moe. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 339 KNITTED WORK Specimen Knit Lace IVot Less Than Two Yards ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Earl Duncan, Des Moines; second, Arminta B. Nere, Kararar. Pair Woolen Mittens ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Clara Spetzer, Norwalk; second, Arminta B. Nere. Slumber Robe ($2) — First, Mrs. W. C. Raney, Des Moines. Pair of Slippers, Hand Knit ($2, $1) — First, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines; second, Leona B. Dietz, Des Moines. Pair of Gloves, Hand Knit ($1, 50 cents) — First, Arminta B. Nere; second, Mrs. A. J. Nading, Dubuque. Pair Woolen Stockings, Hand Knit (.$1. 50 cents) — First, Andrea M. Smith, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Erick Anderson, Iowa Falls. Pair Woolen Socks, Hand Knit ($1, 50 cents) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Mrs. M. Casidy, Des Moines. Ladies' Sweater, Hand Knit ($3, $2) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Mrs. Carrie Geiger, South Amana. Medallions (Six) ($2) — First, Mrs. Clara Spitzer. Ladies' Knit Shawl ($2, $1) — First, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines; second, Arminta B. Nere. Knitted Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. R. Mikkle- son, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Earl Duncan; third, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. CROCHET Medallions (Six) ($2, $1) — First, Mary L. Bevan; second, Mrs. Alice Gordon, Des Moines. Sweater ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. H. F. Grass; second, Andrea H. Smith. Filet Tidy ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones; second, Mrs. M. Casidy. Tray, Mounted ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, Mrs. Wm. Hoefle, Des Moines. Basket (50 cents) — Second, Mable E. Luther. Luncheon Set ($5, $3, $2) — First, E. L. Thompson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Frank Brehmer, Atlantic; third, Andrea M. Smith. Pillow Cases, Trimmed With Crochet Edging: or Insertion ($2, $1) — First, E. L. Thompson; second, Ethel A. Hayden, Des Moines. Sheet, Crochet Trimming ($2, $1) — First, Almeda Dyer, Pleasantville; second, Ethel A. Hayden. Towel, Crochet Trimming ($1, 50 cents) — First, Ina E. Metcalf, Des Moines; second, R. L. Thompson, Des Moines. Turkish Towel, Crochet Trimming ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. A. J. Mathis; second, Mrs. F. A. Mathis. Collar ($2, $1) — First, Marion Brown, Des Moines; second, Emma Carru- ther, Des Moines. Collar and Cuff Set ($1) — Second, Marion Brown, Des Moines. Doily ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. J. Mathis; second, E. L. Thompson. Centerpiece ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Marion Cappock, Ankeny; second, Gretchen Nicholaas, Des Moines. Bag ($1) — Second, Mrs. R. Rasmussen, Audubon. Table Bunner ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, J. M. Gustaf- son, Lake View. Night Gown Yoke ($2, $1) — First, Almeda Dyer, Pleasantville; second, Ina E. Metcalf, Des Moines. Corset Cover Yoke ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. ' R. L. Sterling, Des Moines; second, Mrs. B. O. Spahn, Slater. Linen and Crochet Centerpiece ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. D. Bane, Pleas- antville; second, Mrs. A. J. Mathis. 340 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV l4inen and Crochet Doilies (Six) ($2, $1) — First, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines; second, Mrs. J. B. De Frees, Des Moines. Linen and Crochet Lunch Cloth ($3, $2, $2) — First, Ina E. Metcalf; sec- ond, Grace School, Runnells; third, Mrs. Rachel Hummell, Monroe. Hugger ($2, $1) — First, E. L. Thompson; second, Elizabeth P. Brooks, Des Moines. Cluny Scarf ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. G. W. Dietz, Des Moines; second, Mrs. A. L. Van Trump, Des Moines; third, Mrs. A. J. Mathis. Cluny Centerpiece ($1) — Third, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines. Cluny Yoke ($2) — Second, Mary L. Bevan. Camisole ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Fred Mathis; second, Mrs. A. J. Mathis. Infant's Sacque ($1) — First, Mrs. Edward Van Zante, Pella. Hood ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. .G. W. Diets; second, Mrs. A. R. Mikkle- son. Pair of Infant's Socks, Crochet ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Lee A. Perry, Indianola; second: M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Slumber Robe, Crochet ($1) — Third, Mrs. Edward Van Zante, Pella. Pair of Slippers ($1, 50 cents) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. J. H. McBride, Polk City. Cotton Lace, Not Less Than One Yard ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Elizabeth Harbacheck, Moorland. Crochet Lace on Curtain, One Pair ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. J. Mathis; second, Mrs. Earl Dunn, Des Moines. Linen Lace, Not Less Than One Yard ($1, 50 cents) — First, Hazel Poulos, Des Moines; second, Mable C. Luther, Des Moines. Scarf ($2) — First, Mrs. Maude Davidson, Des Moines. Bedspread ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. Celestine Brigione, Ft. Des Moines; second, Guavaleepe Rosa, Valley Junction; third, Mrs. E. R. Williams, Des Moines. Candle Shades (50 cents) — Second, Mrs. W. J. Porter. Specimen Crochet Work Other Than Named ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. G. T. Smith, Reinbeck; second, Esther Brazelton; third, Mrs. Carrie Geiger, South Amana. HAND NEEDLEWORK Envelope Combination Suit ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Casidy; second, Mrs. Oliver Moe. Pillow Cases ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr., Des Moines; second, Mrs. Geo. E. Meyer, Des Moines. Sheets ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr., Des Moines; second, Mrs. O. W. Burchird, Monroe. Bedspread ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. D. Reynolds, Des Moines; second, Feme Botsford, Des Moines; third, Nelle Armstrong, Des Moines. Ladies' Waist ($2, $1) — First, E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. Oliver Moe. Combination Suit ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Casidy; second, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr. Night Dress ($1) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr. Night Shirt ($1) — First, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines. Child's Dress, Neatest Made ($2, $1) — First, Ina E. Metcalf; second, Mrs. H. F. Grass. Undershirt ($1, 50 cents) — :First, Mrs. Marion Cappock ; second, /Mrs. R. Rasmussen. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 341 Corset Cover ($2, $1) — First, Flo Clark, Carlisle; second, Mable C. Luther. Fancy Apron ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. S. Sulser, Ankeny; second, Mrs. M. Casidy. Sofa Pillow ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. A. L. Van Trump; second, Mable C. Luther. Neatest Mended Garment ($1) — First, Arminta R. Nere. Neatest Darned Stocking ($1. 50 cents) — First, Jane Adamson; second, Mrs. Edward Van Zante. Work Other Than Named ($3. $2, $1) — First, Mrs. O. S. Jamison, Oska- loosa; second, Mrs. H. B. Sixsmith, Des Moines; third, Mrs. H. D. Case, Des Moines. WORK OF OLD LADIES Pair of Knit Wool Socks ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. H. Johnson, Glad- brook; second, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Pair of Knit Wool Mittens ($1) — First, Mrs. H. Johnson. Pair of Knit Silk Mittens ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. C. Raney, Des Moines; second, Mrs. H. Johnson. Bedspread ($5, $3, $2) — First, F. D. Brumm, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Amy A. Silcott, Valley Junction; third, Mrs. M. Casidy. Neatest Darned Work, Any Article ($1) — Second, Jane Adamson. Neatest Made Dress ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Louise Smith; second, Mrs. John E. Ash. Neatest Made Skirt ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. J. Hunter. Des Moines; second, Mrs. Louise Smith. Specimen Drawn Work ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. Johnson; second, E. Hey- don. Specimen Ontline Work ($2, $1) — First, E. Heydon; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrought, Bondurant. Night Dress ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough. Specimen Crochet Work ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Amy A. Silcott; second, Mrs. Louise Smith. Comfort ($2)— First, Mrs. M. Casidy. Silk Quilt ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. C. A. Rounds, Des Moines; second, Helen Johnston. Cotton Uuilt ($2, $1) — First, Lavinia Kirby, Des Moines; second, Mary E. Munn, Des Moines. Woolen Quilt ($2) — First, Mrs. Harriett Williams, Luther. Specimen of Hemstitching ($2, $1) — First, E. Heydon; second, Lucile Eichenlamb, Des Moines. Specimen of Embroidery Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Elizabeth Blackman, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough; third, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant. Apron, Neatest Made ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Casidy; second, Mary E. Munn. Specimen of Lace Work ($2, $1) — First, Lucile Eichenlamb; second, Mrs. Anna Moose, Des Moines. Silk Embroidery Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Louise Smith; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough. Silk Embroidery Lunch Cloth ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Anderson, Bon- durant; second, Lucile Eichenlamb. Specimen Roman Embroidery ($1) — Second, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines. 342 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Stocking Bag (.$1, 50 cents) — First, Lucile Eichenlamb; second, Mrs. Louise Smith. Shopping Bag, Home-made ($2) — First, Mrs. M. Casidy. Tatting Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. W. C. Raney. Work Other Than Named ($5, $3) — First, Mrs. A. Goinges, Des Moines; second, E. Heydon. LINEN OR COTTON EMBROIDERY Centerpiece, 22 Inches or Larger (.$4, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr., Des Moines; second, Mrs. Robert Dyer, Pleasantville; third, Mrs. R. Rasmussen, Audubon. Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. F. Grass, Des Moines; second, Mrs. L. Jefferson, Des Moines. Pair of Pillow Cases ($3, $2, $1) — First, Nelle Armstrong, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines; third, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Six Doilies ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. R. Rasmussen; second, Mrs. C. A. Rounds. Six Napkins ($2, $1) — First, Ethyl A. Hayden, Des Moines; second, Nelle Armstrong. Dresser Scarf ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr. Table Cloth ($3, $1) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Mrs. M. A. Cor- rough. Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Rose Seffert, Gladbrook; second, Selma Ehr- man, Des Moines. Buffet Set ($2, $1) — First, Bertha A. Sropp, Rockwell City; second, Mrs. J. L. Smith, Des Moines. Night Gown Yoke and Cuffs ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr., second, Mrs. H. F. Grass; third, Mary Jane Bennison. Bahy Dress ($2, $1) — First, Hannah Portel, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Edward Van Zante. Bahy Cap ($2, $1) — First, Mable C. Luther; second, Ina E. Metcalf. Lunch Cloth and Napkins ($5, $3, $2) — First, Nelle Armstrong; second, Mrs. John E. Ash; third, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Camisole ($1) — Second, Bud Decker Smith. Pair of Towels ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr.; second, Margaret Hickelooper, Des Moines. Shirt Waist ($2, $1)— First, Mrs. R. Rasmussen; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough. Pair Rompers ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. R. Rasmussen; second, Mrs. G. W. Dletz. Specimen Norwegian Embroidery ($3, $1) — First, Mary Jane Bennison; second, Mrs. R. Rasmussen. Dressing Jacket and Cap ($2, $1) — Second, Ethyl A. Hayden; third, Mable E. Luther. Specimen Eyelet Embroidery ($2, $1) — First, Andrea M. Smith, Des Moines; second, Mrs. H. F. Grass, Des Moines. Specimen Coronation Cord Embroidery ($2, $1) — First, Elizabeth P. Brooks, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. Casidy. Bed Set ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. J. A. Campbell, Des Moines; second, Mrs. J. L. Smith; third, Mrs. Will H. Zaiser, Jr. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Bertha A. Sropp, Rockwell City; second, Blanch Van Gorpe, Mitchellville; third, Mrs. H. H. Johnson, Des Moines. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 343 SILK EMBROIDERY IN COLORS Lunch Cloth, Conventional ($3, $2) — First, Hannah Portel, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant. Piano Scarf ($3) — First, Mrs. R. Rasmussen, Audubon. Centerpiece, Any Design ($3, $2, $1) — First Mrs. H. B. Sixsmith, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Chas. M. Craig, Mitchellville; third, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines. Tray Cloth ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. R. Rassmussen, Audubon; second, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Bag, Any Kind ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Reid Burks, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Hannah Portel; second, Feme Botsford, Des Moines. Six Doilies ($1) — Third, Lucille Eichenlamb, Des Moines. Envelope Comhination Suit ($2, $1)— First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Camisole ($1)- — Second, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1)— First, G. F. Smith, Reinbeck; second, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Earl Nickerson, Des Moines. "WHITE SILK EMBROIDERY Centerpiece, Any Design ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. E. W. Freel, Pleasantville; second, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines. Tray Cloth ($2, $1) — First Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Child's Flannel Skirt ($2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Infant's Shawl ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. Happe, Danbury; second, Hannah Portel. Infant's Cap ($1, 50 cents) — F'icst, Mrs. R. Rasmussen, Audubon; sec- ond, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Lucille Eichenlamb, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Geo. Anderson, Bondurant; third, Helen Johnston, Des Moines. ROMAN EMBROIDERY Lunch Cloth ($3, $1) — First, Ina E. Metcalf, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines. Work Other Than, Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Ina E. Metcalf; second, Hannah Portel, Des Moines; third, Mrs. R. Rasmussen, Audubon. CROSS STITCH EMBROIDERY Sofa Pillow ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. L. Jefferson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. H. T. Ibsen, Des Moines; third, Mrs. R. Rasmussen. Centerpiece ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. R. Rasmussen; second, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. L. Jefferson; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines. Table Cover ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. L. Jefferson; second, Mary Jane Bennison, Des Moines; third, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines. Bag ($2) — First, Mrs. H. D. Case, Des Moines. Pair of Towels ($2, $1) — First, E. L. Thompson; second, R. L. Thompson. Luncheon Set ($2) — Third, Andrea M. Smith, Des Moines. Pair Pillow Slips ($2) — First, Mrs. R. Rasmussen. 344 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Bed Spread ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. M. J. Hunter, Des Moines; second. Mrs. C. C. Vail, Des Moines; third, Hannah Portel, Des Moines. Doily Roll ($2, $1) — First, Hannah Portel; second, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Card Table Cover ($2, $1) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Bud Decker Smith. Hot Roll Case ($1) — Second, Mrs. W. J. Porter. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. D. Case; second, Mrs. R. Rasmussen; third, Mrs. L. Jefferson. HARDANGER EMBROIDERY Lunch Cloth ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. E. M. Meyer, Des Moines; second, Mrs. O. C. Olson, Des Moines. Dresser Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyer. Centerpiece ($2, $1) — Second, Bud Decker Smith; third, Mrs. C. A. Rounds, Des Moines. Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Helen Johnston, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyer. Bag ($1) — Second, Bud Decker Smith. Sideboard Cover ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyer. MLLE FLEUR Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Centerpiece ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. W. F Mitchell. MEXICAN EMBROIDERY AND DRAWNWORK, HANDMADE Carver's Cloth ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Six Napkins ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, E. Heydon. Table Cloth ($3, $2, $1) — First, E. Heydon; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; third, Nell? Armstrong. Dresser Cover ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, M. S. Jones. Handkerchief ($2, $1, 50 cents) — First, M. S. Jones; second, E. Heydon; third, Lucille Eichenlamb. Six Doilies ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, Mrs. Louise Smith. Apron ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, Mrs. Louise Smith. Tray Cloth ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Pillow Cases ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. R. Ras- mussen. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Lucille Eichenlamb; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; third, M. S. Jones. IRISH CROCHET Best Trimmed Shirt Waist ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines; second, E. L. Thompson; third, R. L. Thompson. Dresser Scarf Trimmed ($2, $1) — First, E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. F. A. Mathis. Bag ($1) — First, Mable C. Luther. Collar ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Cassidy; second, E. L. Thompson. Collar and Cuffs ($1) — Third, E. L. Thompson. Yoke ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones; second, Bud Decker Smith. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 345 Infant's Cap ($2, $1) — First, Ina E. Metcalf; second, Emma Carruther, Des Moines. Jabot ($2, $1) — First, Mary L. Bevan; second, E. L. Thompson. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1)— First, E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. M. Cassidy; third. Mable C. Luther. POINT LACE Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, Dr. C. F. Spring, Des Moines; second, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Infant's Cap ($2) — First, Dr. C. F. Spring. Tie Ends ($2) — First, M. S. Jones. TATTING Table Cloth Trimmed With Tatting ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. J. G. Cook, Des Moines; second, Mrs. B. W. Phillips, De Soto; third, Edna Crabtree, Polk City. Edging and Insertion, One Yard ($2, $1) — First, Nora Burgess, Elkhart; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines. Handkerchief ($1, 50 cents) — First, Loretta E. M. McKuskee, Altoona; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyer, Des Moines. Tie Ends or Jabot ($1) — First, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Infant's Cap ($2, $1) — First, Nora Burgess; second, Loretta E. McKuskee. Towel, Trimmed With Tatting ($2, $1)— First, Mrs. E. N. Meyer; second, Almeda Dyer, Pleasantville. Apron Trimmed With Tatting ($2, $1) — First, Maude Shook, Des Moines; second, Almeda Dyer, Pleasantville. Centerpiece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. B. M. Reynolds, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. B. W. Phillips, Des Moines; third, Loretta E. McKuskee, Altoona. Pillow Cases Trimmed With Tatting ($3, $2, $1)— First, Loretta E. Mc- Kuskee, Altoona; second, Grace Schrool, Runnells; third, Mrs. B. W. Philipps, De Soto. Tatting Yoke ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines; second, Nora Burgess, Elkhart. Corset Cover Trimmed With Tatting ($2, $1) — First, Feme Botsford, Des Moines; second, R. L. Thompson, Des Moines. Table Runner ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. N. Meyer; second, Edna Crabtree. Piano Scarf ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. N. Meyer; second, Mrs. B. W. Phil- ipps; third, Maude Shook. Sofa Pillow ($1) — Second, Jennie Given, Des Moines. Collar ($2, $1) — First, Lorretta E. McKuskee; second, Nora Burgess. Tatted Lace on Curtain, One Pair ($3, $2) — First, Edna Crabtree; sec- ond, Mrs. Chas. Arnold, Des Moines. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Arminta B. Nere, Kamrar; second, Mrs. J. B. DeFrees, Des Moines; third, Gretchen Nicholas, Des Moines. FRENCH KNOT EMBROIDERY. Pair Pillow Slips ($3, $2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Mrs. R. Rasmussen, Audubon; third, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Centerpiece ($2, $1) — Second, Lucile Eichenlaub, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Louise Smith, Des Moines. Pair Towels ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. Casidy, Des Moines. Hot Roll Case ($1) — Second, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines. Raby Dress ($3, $2) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Min- netta Blue, Des Moines. 346 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Bed Spread ($5, $3, $2) — First, Margaret Hickenlooper, Des Moines; second, Feme Botsford, Des Moines; third, Miss Edna Ham, Waukee. Library Table Runner ($3, $2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Ethyl A. Hayden, Des Moines; third, Feme Botsford, Des Moines. Dresser Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Ethyl A. Hayden, Des Moines. Buffet Set ($3, $2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines; third, Mrs. J. B. DeFrees, Des Moines. Card Table Cover ($2, $1) — First, Ethyl A. Hayden; second, Nelle Arm- strong, Des Moines. Pair Curtains ($5, $3, $2) — First, Minnetta Blue, Des Moines; second. Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; third, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. IVight Gown ($2, $1) — First, Minnetta Blue, Des Moines; second, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines. Camisole ($2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines; second, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines. Combination Suit ($2) — First, Minnetta Blue, Des Moine6. BEAD WORK, STENCIL WORK Bead Chain ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. M. Casidy, Des Moines; second, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Bead Purse ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. H. F. Grass, Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. M. Jackson, Des Moines. Bead Belt ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. M. Casidy, Des Moines; second, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Raffia Basket ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. C. Raney, Des Moines. Pair Stenciled Portieres ($1) — Second, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Stenciled Piano Scarf ($1) — Second, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Stenciled Table Cover ($2) — First, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Stenciled Cushion ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny; second, Claude A. Patterson, Des Moines. Stenciled Bag ($2) — First, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Stenciled Scarf ($2) — First, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Other Than Named ($3, $2) — First, Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; sec- ond, Mary Jane Bennison, Des Moines. PROFESSIONAL LIST HAND PAINTED CHINA Judge A. J. Hess. Best Collection ($10, $6, $4) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower, Des Moines; second, Francis B. Stevenson, Des Moines; third, Ada Borre, Des Moines. Vase Over Twelve Inches ($4, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. E. L. Chew, Des Moines; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Water Pitcher ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Ada Borre. Smoker's Set ($3, $2) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre. Dresser Set, Three Pieces or More ($4, $3, $2) — First, Francis B. Stev- enson; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Bon-Bon Box, Covered ($3, $2, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Mrs. Lake Bower; third, Mrs. E. L. Chew. Sugar and Creamer ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Serving- Tray ($3, $2, $1) — First, Francis B.Stevenson; second, Mrs. Lake Bower; third, Ada Borre. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 347 Set of Plates (Eight Inches or More) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Francis B. Stevenson; third, Mrs. E. L. Chew. Candlestick ($2, $1, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Tea Pot ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Francis B. Steven- son; third, Ada Borre. Open Bon-Bon ($2, $1, $1) — First, Francis Stevenson; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Bread or Cake Plate ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Ada Borre. Whipped Cream Bowl ($2, $1, $1)— First, Mrs. R. L. Sterling, Des Moines; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Coffee or Chocolate Pot ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Ada Borre; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Fancy Cup and Saucer ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Fran- cis B. Stevenson; third, Ada Borre. Decorated Tile ($2, $1, $1) — First, Ada Borre; second, Mrs. R. L. Sterling; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Chop Plate ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Mrs. R. L. Sterling. Bread and Butter Plates (Six Inches) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Francis B. Stev- enson; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Mrs. R. L. Sterling. Olive or Pickle Dish ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. R. L. Sterling; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Marmalade Jar and Plate ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. R. L. Sterling; third, Ada Borre. Nut Bowl (Six Individual Bowls) ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Ada Borre; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Radish Tray ($2. $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Ada Borre; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Syrup Pitcher ($2, $1, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Mrs. Lake Bower; third, Ada Borre. Bread and Milk Set ($2, $1) — Second, Mrs. Lake Bower; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Cheese Plate ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Salad Bowl ($3, $2, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Mrs. Lake Bower; third, Ada Borre. Fruit Bowl ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. R. L Ster- ling; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Standard or Footed Compote ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Relish Set ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Francis B. Stevenson; third, Ada Borre. Set Fruit Plates ($4, $2, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Mrs. R. L. Sterling; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Card Receiver ($2, $1, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. E. L. Chew. Vase, Under Twelve Inches ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Francis B. Stevenson; third, Mrs. E. L. Chew. Meat Set (Platter and Six Plates) ($4, $3) — Second, Francis B. Steven- son; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Tumbler Coasters ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Ada Borre; third, Francis B. Stevenson. Milk Pitcher ($2, $1) — First, Ada Borre; second, Mrs. Lake Bower. 348 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Guest Room Set ($2, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre. Talcum Shaker ($2, $1, $1) — First, Ada Borre; second, Francis B. Stev- enson; third, Helen Johnston, Des Moines. Tea Pot Stand ($2, $1, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre; third, Mrs. Lake Bower. Tea Caddy ($2, $1) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre. Ice or Butter Tub ($2, $1.50) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Ada Borre. Fernery ($3, $2) — First, Ada Borre; second, Francis B. Stevenson. Original Conventional Design for Plate, Ten Inches ($3, $1.50) — First, Francis B. Stevenson; second, Ada Borre. Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bower; second, Mrs. E. L. Chew; third, Francis B. Stevenson. AMATEUR LIST HAND-PAINTED CHINA Best Collection ($6, $4, $2) — First, R. L. Thompson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart, Des Moines; third, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen, Des Moines. Chocolate Pot ($4, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; second, Mrs. Harry Hartzler, Indianola; third, R. L. Thompson. Comb and Brush Tray ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. C. Miller, Des Moines; second, Edna "Wheeler, Des Moines; third, Mrs. S. P. Roscoe, Des Moines. Perfume Bottle ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart, Des Moines; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Edna Wheeler. Spoon Tray ($2, $1, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. E. H. Duke- hart; third, Mrs. Harry Hartzler. Tea Pot ($3, $2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. S. P. Roscoe; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Plates (8 Inches or More) Six ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; third, Edith Vinsee Brownlie, Des Moines. Tete-a-Tete Set (3 Pieces) ($3, $2) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Bread and Milk Set ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle, Des Moines; third, Edna Wheeler. Relish Set ($1.50, $1, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; third, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen. Sugar and Creamer ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. Harry Hartzler. Loaf Sugar Holder ($1.50, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; second, Mrs. J. C. Miller; third, Edna Wheeler. Vase, Over Ten Inches ($4, $3, $2) — First, Edna Wheeler; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen. Vase, Under Ten Inches ($3. $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; sec- ond, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; third, Mrs. Harry Hartzler. Decorated Tile ($2, $1, $1)— First, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; second, Edna Wheeler; third, Mrs. J. C. Miller. Set Cups and Saucers ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; second, Iven- etta Stearns, Des Moines; third, Mrs. J. C. Miller. Rose Bowl or Flower Holder ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Covered Bon-Bon ($4, $3, $1.50) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Edna Wheeler. Olive Dish ($2, $1, $1) — First, Feme Botsford; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, R. L. Thompson. Desk Set ($1)— Third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Marmalade Jar and Plate ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; third, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 349 Candlestick ($2, $1, $1) — First, Edith Vinsee Brownlie; second, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; third, Edna Wheeler. Nut Bowl ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. Harry Hartzler. Ma.von.tiai.so Bowl ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Toast or Tea Set ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. M. Jackson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Pitcher (Water or Lemonade) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. P. Roscoe; sec- ond, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Tobacco Jar ($3, $2, $1) — First, Edna Wheeler; second, Mrs. Harry Hartz- ler; third, Mrs. J. C. Miller. Syrup Pitcher ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. J. C. Miller; second, H. F. Ibsen; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Milk Pitcher ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Edith Vinsee Brownlie; third, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen. Tumbler Coasters ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; second, Mrs. J. C. Miller; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Guest Room Set ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; second, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; third, Mrs. F. M. Jackson. Open Bon-Bon ($2, $1, $1) — First. R. L. Thompson; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. S. P. Roscoe. Chop Plate ($3, $1.50, $1)— First, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; second, Mae Good- barn; third, Mrs. S. P. Roscoe. Cake Plate ($3, $1, $1)— Firs*t, Edith Vinsee Brownlie; second, Mrs. Harry Hartzler; third, R. L. Thompson. Fernery ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. M. Jackson; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Bread and Butter Plates (Six Inch) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Mrs. S. P. Roscoe; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Fruit Set (Bowl and Six Plates) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Edith Vinsee Brown- lie; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; third, Edna Wheeler. Other Than Named ($3, $1.50, $1, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Edith Vinsee Brownlie; third, Mrs. H. F. Ibsen; fourth, Feme Botsford. GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ART Superintendent Prof. C. A. Cumming, Des Moines, Iowa. Judge Dawson Watson. Oil Painting ($80, $50, $40, $30)— First, Linn Culbertson, Des Moines; second. Catherine McCartney, Iowa City; third, Alice McKee, Des Moines; fourth, Velma Wallace, Des Moines. Water Color Painting ($40, $25, $20) — First, Kate Keith Van Duzee, Dubuque; second, Geo. F. White, Des Moines; third, Claude A. Patterson, Des Moines. Black and White or Monochrome Drawing ($30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Margaret Hayes, Iowa City; second, Geo. S. S. Stout, Iowa City; third, Alice McKee, Des Moines; fourth, Kate Keith Van Duzee, Dubuque. Posters of a Pictorial or Decorative Design. ($30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Geo. F. White, Des Moines; second, Louise Orwig-, Des Moines; third, Mildred Cotnam, Des Moines; fourth, Claude A. Patterson, Des Moines. Collection of Not Less Than Six or More Decorative Designs Other Than Pictorial ($40, $25, $20, $15) — First, Bertha Shore, Des Moines; second, Claude A. Patterson, Des Moines; third, Marie V. Wiley, Des Moines; fourth, Mrs. J. P. Lorentzen, Des Moines. 350 TWBNT\Y-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV JUNIOR DIVISION Oil Painting ($10, $8) — First, M. Holmes, Des Moines; second, Lela Nel- son, Des Moines. Water Color Painting ($10, $8) — First, Millicent Volz, Elkhart; second, M. Holmes, Des Moines. Black and White or Monochrome Drawing ($10, $8) — First, Katherine Fulton, Des Moines; second, M. Holmes, Des Moines. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT Judge B. E. Heitzmann, Ames, Iowa. CORN Ten Ears White Corn (1921 Crop) ($5) — First, Fred Overly, Indianola. Ten Ears Yellow Corn (1921 Crop) ($5, $3, $2, $1) — First, Willard Steen- wyk, Mitchellville; second, Leland Taylor, Mitchellville; third, Keith Tay- lor, Mitchellville; fourth, Wayne Taylor, Mitchellville. APPLES Judge C. W. Woodstock, Mondamin, Iowa. Exhibit 3Inst Consist of a Plate Collection of Five Apples to the Plate* at Least Six Varieties. Duplicate plates count one-half ($10, $6, $4) — First, Fred Overly; second, McCallsburg Spraying Club, McCallsburg; third, Roland Spraying Club, Roland. Yellow Transparent ($1, 75 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Glen Lehman, Hubbard. Duchess (of Oldenburg) ($1, 75 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Clair Shupe, Lacona. Wealthy ($1, 75 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Glen Lehman. Grimes Golden ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Dale Lester, Milo; third, Everl Briggs, Liberty Center. Jonathan ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Everl Briggs; third, Guy Landy, Lacona. Northwestern Greening ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Everl Briggs; second, Glen Lehman; third, Fred Overly. Salome ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. AVinesap ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. Ben Davis ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Clair Shupe; second, Fred Overly; third, Glen Lehman. Any Variety Not Listed, Price's Sweet ($1, 75 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Glen Lehman. Any Other Variety ($1, 75 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Glen Leh- man. Tolman's Sweet ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Dale Lester, Milo; sec- ond, Guy Landy; third, Glen Lehman. Lowell ($1, 75 cents) — First, Fred Overly; second, Glen Lehman. Harry Komph ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. Dora ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. Minkler ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. Flora Bell ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. Wolf River ($1) — First, Glen Lehman. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 351 GARDEN EXHIBIT Judge C. V. Holsinger, Ames, Iowa. Water Color Posters Club Display of Six Posters Entered in the Name of the Club by the Club Leader ($5, $3, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First, Garfield Gar- den Club, Ottumwa; second, Norma Heald, Sioux City; third, Hedrick Gar- den Club, Ottumwa; fourth, Lincoln Garden Club, Ottumwa; fifth, Stewart School Garden Club, Ottumwa; sixth, Adams School Garden Club, Ot- tumwa. Pictures Cut Out and Pasted for Poster. Club Display of Six Posters Entered in the Name of the Club by the Club Deader ($5) — First, Hedrick Garden Club, Ottumwa. Water Color Poster by Individual Club Member ($2, $1.50, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First, Ethel Galey, Ottumwa; second, Freda Leving, Ottumwa; third, Veronica Flactiff, Ottumwa; fourth, Joseph Means, Keokuk; fifth, Vivian Salpin, Ottumwa; sixth, Helen Hildebrand, Ottumwa? seventh, Ger- ald Roby, Ottumwa; eighth, Louise Snechting, Ottumwa. Pictures Cut Out and Pasted by Club Member ($2, $1.50, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First, Vivian Salpin; second, Emma Sloan, Ottumwa; third, Leota Clements, Keokuk; fourth, Allen Bert Burk, Keokuk; fifth, Len Moffit, Ottumwa; sixth, Grace Can, Keokuk; seventh, Florence Hunter, Ottumwa; eighth, Warren Mow, Keokuk. Club Display of Vegetables Entered in, the Name of the Club Leader ($12, $10, $5, $3, $2, $2, $2) — First, Ottumwa Garden Club, Ottumwa; second, Mable Searl, Clarinda; third, M. H. White, Sioux City; fourth, Lincoln Gar- den Club, Ottumwa; fifth, Jefferson Garden Club, Ottumwa; sixth, Adams School Garden Club, Ottumwa; seventh, Agassy Garden Club, Ottumwa. Display of Vegetables by Individual. Award Based Upon Winnings in Posters and Vegetable Display ($7, $5, $3, $2, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First, Len Moffit, Ottumwa; second, Alice Beck, Ottumwa; third, Maurice McDavitt, Ottumwa; fourth, Fulton Neurock, Ottumwa; fifth, Myron La Pointe, Ot- tumwa; sixth, Max Masmar, Clarinda; seventh, Lester Moffit, Ottumwa; eighth, Howard Jones, Ottumwa. SPECIAL PREMIUM Winner of first place will be awarded a garden plow complete with at- tachments by the Alexander Manufacturing Co., Ames. Paul Menefee, Ottumwa. SINGLE VARIETIES Plate of Six Beets ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Paul Menefee; second, Evelyn Edmund, Ottumwa; third, Maurice McDavitt. Plate of Dry White Beans ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Alice Beck, Ottumwa; second, Neal Rastofer, Clarinda; third, Celetha Haines, Ottumwa. Plate of Other Dry Beans ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Ross Van Ness, Ottumwa; second, Alice Beck, Ottumwa; third, Lester Moffit, Ottumwa. Plate of String Beans ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Alice Beck, Ot- tumwa; second, Myron La Pointe, Ottumwa; third, Maurice McDavitt. Ottumwa. Head of Cabbage ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Athol Smith, Ottumwa: second, Myron La Pointe, Ottumwa; third, Alice Beck, Ottumwa. Cucumbers (Slicing) Three or Five ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, George Johnson, Clarinda; second, Florence Hunter, Ottumwa; third, Lorraine Criswell, Ottumwa. Cucumbers (Ripe) ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Mildred Shaffer, Clar- inda; second, Charles McAlpin, Clarinda; third, James Landerback, Ot- tumwa. 352 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Plate of Six Carrots ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Evelyn Edmund. Ottumwa; second, Ralph Williamson, Clarinda; third, Athol Smith, Ot- tumwa. Pop Corn (Six Ears) ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Florence Hunter, Ottumwa; second, Nellie Bloom, Ottumwa; third, Max Masmar, Clarinda. Sweet Corn (Six Ears) ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Neal Rastofer, Clarinda; second, De Lass Loudon, Clarinda; third, Mima Adams, Clarinda. Ess Plant ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Fulton Neurock, Ottumwa; second, Lorraine Criswell, Ottumwa; third, Myron La Pointe, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Onions (White) ($1, 75 cents) — First, George Johnson, Cla- rinda; second, Ross Van Ness, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Onions (Red) ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Oliver Welch, Clarinda; second, Max Masmar, Clarinda; third, Mima Adams, Clarinda. Plate of Six Onions (Yellow) ($1) — First, Oliver Welch, Clarinda. Parsnips, Plate of Six ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Paul Menefee, Ot- tumwa; second, Nellie Bloom, Ottumwa; third, Fulton Neurock, Ottumwa. Peppers, Red, Four Specimens ($1) — First, Marion Huff, Clarinda. Peppers, Green, Four Specimens ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Charles Green, Clarinda; second, Athol Smith, Ottumwa; third, Richard Kight, Ottumwa. Pumpkins ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First. Alice Beck, Ottumwa; second, Myron La Pointe, Ottumwa; third, Nellie Bloom, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Potatoes, Early Ohios ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Alice Lehman, Clarinda; second, Richard Kight, Ottumwa; third, Fulton Neu- rock, Ottumwa. Plate of Any Other Variety ($1, 75 cents, 50c) — First, Charles McAlpin, Clarinda; second, Charles Carey, Ottumwa; third, Paul Menefee, Ottumwa. Plate of Dry Peas ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Max Masmar, Clarinda; second, Harloff Olson, Clarinda; third, Alice Beck, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Tomatoes (Red) ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Paul Mene- fee, Ottumwa; second, Lester Moffit, Ottumwa; third, Alice Beck, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Tomatoes (Pink:) ($1) — First, James Landerback, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Tomatoes (Yellow) ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Paul Menefee, Ottumwa; second, Howard Jones, Ottumwa; third, Myron La Pointe, Ottumwa. Plate of Six Turnips ($1, 75 cents) — First, Richard Kight, Ottumwa; second, . Clinton Edmonson, Ottumwa. FARM RECORDS ( J. Working, Judges • \ W. L. Harter. Farm Rusiness Records (Entire Year) ($5, $3. $2, $2, $2, $1) — First, Georgia Denhart, Mt. Ayr; second, Helen Buck, Mt. Ayr; third, Addie Beall, Mt. Ayr; fourth, Wm. Fleming, Tingley; fifth, Geo. Kester, Tingley; sixth, Howard Home, Mt. Ayr. Farm Business Records (Seven Months) ($5, $4, $3, $2, $2, $2, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First, Howard Klinetop, Charles City; second, Stanley Crook, Floyd; third, Clarence Hadenfeldt, Sioux Rapids; fourth, Maiden Pullen, Whiting; fifth, David Way, Charles City; sixth, Keith G. Dempser, Grinnell; seventh, Donald Andrews, Adaza; eighth, Addie Beall, Mt. Ayr; ninth, Leroy Lesch, Rockford; tenth, Ruby Rivers, Charles City; eleventh, Vera McNally, Floyd; twelfth, Derald Boyd, Whiting; thirteenth, Alton Boyd, Whiting. County Exhibit Records ($10, $7, $5) — First, Floyd County Farm Record Club, Charles City; second, Monona County Farm Record Club, Onawa; third, Ringgold County Farm Record Club, Mt. Ayr. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 353 CLOTHING Cotton School Dress Suitable for a Tall, Slender Girl ($4, $3. $2, $2. $2. $1) — First, Julia E. Brekke, Dewitt; second, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; third. Julia E. Brekke, Dewitt; fourth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; fifth, Ralph Edwards, Clarion; sixth, Eloise Parsons, Winterset. Cotton School Dress, Suitable for a Short, Very Stout Girl ($4, $3, $2, $2, $2, $1) — First, Norma Heald, Sioux City; second, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa; third, Avis Talcott, Malcom; fourth. Avis Talcott, Malcom; fifth, M. E. Olson, Eldora; sixth, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport. Cotton School Dress, Suitable in Color for a Club Girl, Accompanied by Card Stating Color of Hair, Eyes and Complexion ($4, $3, $2, $2, $2, $1) — First. Avis Talcott, Malcom; second, Gladys Martin, Sioux City; third, Ruth English, Spencer; fourth, Montgomery County Farm Bureau, Red Oak; fifth, Avis Talcott, Malcom; sixth, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport. Dress Suitable for Party Wear by Girls Aged 16 to 18 Years ($4, $3, $2, $2, $2, $1) — First, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa; second, Avis Talcott, Malcom; third, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa; fourth, Avis Talcott, Malcom; fifth, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; sixth, Ralph Edwards, Clarion. Outfit of Wash Dress and Hat to Match ($8, $5, $3, $2, $2) — First, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; second, Clara Anna Reid, Sioux City; third, Lillian Shaben, Council Bluffs; fourth, Margaret Morrissey, Anamosa; fifth, Lenora Grier, Van Clive. Set of Three Pieces of Underwear, Suitable for Girls of Club Age Ac- companied by Card Giving Age of Girl by Whom Garments Are to be Worn ($5, $4, $3, $2, $2, $2) — First, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa; second, Ralph Edwards, Clarion; third, Laura L. Jones, Os-kaloosa; fourth, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; fifth, Cass County Farm Bureau, Atlantic; sixth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa. Exhibit of Clothing for Girls of Club Age, Consisting of Two Different Undergarments, Two Articles of Outer Wearing Apparel and a Description of Girl Who Could Wear Same ($10. $8, $5, $3, $2, $2) — First, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; second, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; third, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; fourth, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa; fifth, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa; sixth, Helen Reid, Sioux City. Corselette ($4, $3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Ben Walker, Maquoketa; second, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; third, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; fourth, Mrs. Edith. Barker, Davenport; fifth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa. Child's Dress, Made by Using Sewing Machine Attachments ($3, $2, $2, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Edith Barker. Davenport; second, Ralph Edwards, Clarion; third, Julia E. Brekke, Dewitt; fourth, F. R. Vinegar, Allison; fifth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa. Made Over Outer Garment ($5, $4, $3, $2, $2, $1) — First, Ida Johnson, Sioux City; second, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; third Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; fourth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; fifth, Eloise Parsons, Winterset; sixth, F. R. Vinegar, Allison. Set of Two Posters Showing Silhouette of Artistic and Inartistic Hair Dress for Club Girls ($3, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Fremont County Girls Can- ning and Clothing Club, Farragut; second, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; third, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; fourth, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; fifth, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport. Full Length Silhouette of Club Girl ($3, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; second, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; third, Fre- mont County Girls Canning and Clothing Club, Farragut; fourth, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; fifth, Avis Talcott, Malcom. Poster Showing Proper and Improper Footwear for Club Girls ($3, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; second, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; third, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; fourth, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; fifth, Donald Meinhard, Storm Lake. 23 354 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV HOUSE FURNISHING judge Mary Ellen Brown, Lincoln, Neb. One Piece of Refinished Furniture ($10, $8, $6, $5) — First, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; second, Madaline Chrisman, Eddyville; third, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; fourth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa. One Braided Rag Rug ($3, $2, $2) — First, Mary Phillips, Eddyville; second, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; third, Eloise Parsons, Winterset. One Lampshade Suitable for a Girl's Room ($3, $2, $2, $1) — First, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; second, Own Your Own Room Club, Eddyville; third, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; fourth, The Jolly Six Club, Eddyville. Floor Plan of Girls Room With an Accompanying Drawing Showing How Room Might be Changed to Make It More Attractive, Useful and More Easily Cleaned ($3, $2, $2) — First Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; second. Own Tour Own Room Club, Eddyville; third, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa. Group of Three Articles Including Bed Spread, Curtains for One Window, Third Article Left to Choice of Exhibitor, All Suitable for Girl's Room and Accompanied by Card Giving Room Exposure and Color Scheme Chosen ($10, $8, $6, $5) — First, Eloise Parsons, Winterset; second, The Jolly Six Club, Eddyville; third, Own Your Own Room Club, Eddyville; fourth, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa. CANNED PRODUCTS Judge Mart Ellen Brown, Lincoln, Neb. Exhibit of Canned Goods Which One Person Requires for One Year ($50, $35, $25, $15, $10, $6) — First, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; second, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; third. Eloise Parsons, Winterset; fourth, Eloise Parsons, Winterset; fifth, Ever Ready Canning Club, Grimes; sixth, Mar- shall County Canning- Club, Albion. County Exhibit of Six Jars Canned Meats ($8, $6, $5, $3, $2, $2, $2, $2) — First, Marshall County Canning Club, Albion; second, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; third, Dorothy Wilson, Grimes; fourth, Bernice Ferrell, Des Moines; fifth, Cass County Farm Bureau, Atlantic; sixth, Pacia Cowgill, Grimes; seventh, T. R. Miner, Donnellson; eighth, T. R. Miner, Donnellson. County Collection of Six Jars Canned Goods Which Will Make a Well Balanced Meal. Have a Menu Attached ($8, $6, $5, $3, $2, $2, $2, $2) — First, Eloise Parsons, Winterset; second, Marshall County Canning Club, Albion; third, Fremont County Girl's Canning and Clothing Club,. Farra- gut; fourth, Eloise Parsons, Winterset; fifth, Gwen and Edna Simmons, Guthrie Center; sixth. Marshall County Canning Club, Albion; seventh, Mary McPherson, Des Moines; eighth, T. R. Miner, Donnellson. County Collection of Six Jars of Canned Iowa Corn. Each Jar Contain- ing a Different Variety of Corn or to Contain Different Combinations of Foods Having Corn as a Foundation ($8, $6, $5, $3, $2, $2) — First, Mary McPherson, Des Moines; second, Mildred Wilson, Grimes; third, Marshall County Canning Club, Albion; fourth. Mildred Wilson, Grimes; fifth, Fre- mont County Girls Canning and Clothing Club, Farragut; sixth, Fred Overly, Indianola. ACCOUNTS PERSONAL RECORDS Actual Record of Personal Expenses Covering a Four Months' Period ($3, $2, $2, $2, $2) — First, Venus Merriam, Council Bluffs; second, Pauline M. Reynolds, Iowa City; third, Pauline M. Reynolds, Iowa City; fourth, Avis Talcott, Malcom; fifth, Avis Talcott, Malcom. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 355 CLOTHING DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Clothing Demonstration Contest (Trip to International Stock Show, $20, $15, $10) — First, Pauline M. Reynolds, Iowa City; second, Mrs. Edith Barker, Davenport; third, Charlotte Kirchner, Muscatine; fourth, Julia E. Brekke, Dewitt. HOUSE FURNISHING DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. House Furnishing Demonstration Team Contest (Trip to International Stock Show, Trip to Mid-West Horticultural Show, $20, $15) — First, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City; second, Marshall County House Furnishing Demon- stration Team, Marshalltown; third, Eloise Parsons, Winterset; fourth, Wapello County House Furnishing Demonstration Team, Ottumwa. MEAL PLANNING AND SERVING Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Meal Planning and Serving Demonstration Team Contest (Trip to Inter- national Stock Show, Trip to Mid-West Horticultural Show, $20, $15) — First, Lillian Shaben, Council Bluffs; second. Jones County Meal Planning Team, Anamosa; third, Emma Sparks, Vinton; fourth, Edna Rhoades, Sioux City. BREAD MAKING DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Bread 3Iaking Demonstration Team Contest (Trip to International Stock Show, $20, $15, $10) — First, Lillian Shaben, Council Bluffs; second, Jones County Bread Team, Anamosa; third, C. C. Scott, Rockwell City; fourth, Cass County Farm Bureau, Atlantic. CANNING DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Canning Demonstration Team Contest (Trip to International Live Stock Show, Trip to Mid-West Horticultural Show ($20, $15) — First, Marshall County Canning Demonstration Team, Marshalltown; second. M. H. White, Sioux City; third, Laura L. Jones, Oskaloosa; fourth, T. R. Miner, Don- nellson. CAKE MAKING DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Cake Making Demonstration Team Contest (Trip to International Live Stock Show, $20, $12, $10) — First, Jones County Cake Making Demonstra- ttio Team. Anamosa; second, Avis Talcott, Malcom; third. W. A. Geigher, Guthrie Center; fourth, Cass County Farm Bureau, Atlantic. Home Economies Club Sweepstakes (Marshall County Silver Trophy) — Won by Mahaska County Home Economics Clubs. CORN DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Corn Demonstration Team Contest ($15, $10) — First, Warren County Corn Demonstration Team, Indianola; second, Monona County Farm Bureau, Onawa. APPLE SPRAYING DEMONSTRATION Judge Florence Packman, Eagle Grove, Iowa. Apple Spraying Demonstration Team Contest ($15, $10) — First, Story County Spraying Club; second, Warren County Spraying Club, Indianola. 356 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV GARDEN DEMONSTRATION Judge C. B. Woodstock, Mondamin, Iowa. Garden Club Demonstration Team Contest ($15, $10) — First, Woodbury County Garden Club, Sioux City; second, Wapello County Garden Club. Ottumwa. BEEF CLUB DEMONSTRATION Judge H. W. Vaughn, St. Paul, Minn. Beef Club Demonstration Team Contest ($15, $10, $10) — First, Boone County Beef Club, Boone; second, Muscatine County Beef Club, Musca- tine; third, Grundy County Beef Club, Grundy Center. POULTRY CLUB DEMONSTRATION ( W. H. Lapp, Ames, Iowa. | H. E. Bittenbender, Ames, Iowa. Poultry Demonstration Team Contest ($15, $10, $10) — First, Adams County Poultry Club, Corning; second, Appanoose County Poultry Club, Center- ville; third, Polk County Poultry Club, Des Moines. SHEEP CLUB DEMONSTRATION Judge P. S. Shearer, Ames, Iowa. Sheep Demonstration Team Contest ($25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Adams County Sheep Club, Corning; second, Poweshiek County Sheep Club, Mal- com; third, Story County Pure Bred Ewe and Lamb Club, Ames; fourth, Jefferson County Sheep Club, Fairfield. BOYS' AND GIRDS' JUDGING CONTEST "$600 Awarded in Scholarships ($175, $150, $125, $100, $25, $25) — First, Clarence Clark, Clarion; second, John Wells, Waterloo; third, Walter Weiss, Denison; fourth, Rowland Caldwell, Oskaloosa; fifth, Joe Bruns, Milford; sixth, Clyde Knight, Clarion. BOYS' AND GIRLS' TEAM JUDGING CONTEST First, Iowa Championship Judging- Team, Trophy and free trip to the Interstate Fair at Sioux City, offered by the Interstate Fair Association; second to sixteenth, inclusive, $12.00 each paid by the Iowa State Fair) — First, Wright county; second, Franklin county; third, Grundy county; fourth, Buena Vista county; fifth, Dickinson county; sixth, Crawford county; seventh, Black Hawk county; eighth, Pocahontas county; ninth, Mitchell county; tenth, Warren county; eleventh, Polk county; twelfth, Henry county; thirteenth, Adair county; fourteenth, Muscatine county; fifteenth, Mahaska county; sixteenth, Woodbury county. EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT Superintendent F. A. Welch. ( Mrs. A. Loftus, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. ( D. M. Kelley, Colfax, Iowa. DIVISION NO. 1 Rural School Work Set of Eight Freehand Paper Cuttings by Two or More Pupils Develop- ing form (Should be in Colored Paper) ($2.50, $1.55, $1) — First, Polk county, Carney Mining Camp; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel; third, Polk county, Norwoodville Camp, Des Moines. Set of Four Freehand Cuttings by Two or More Pupils Illustrating Story ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Woodside Mining Camp; sec- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 357 ond, Polk County, Youngstown; third, Polk County, Center Beaver Town- ship, Des Moines. Set of Four Paper Foldings, or Paper Foldings and Construction, by Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Cambell Rural, Des Moines; second, Polk County, Hicks Rural, Des Moines; third, Polk County, Ward School, Allen Township, Des Moines. Set of Four Number Papers by Each of Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Fremont County, Sidney, Iowa; second, Polk County, Norwoodville Min- ing Camp, Des Moines; third, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City, Iowa. Set of Six Free-hand Cuttings, for Poster Effects (Colored Paper) by Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Pine Grove Rural, Des Moines; second, Palo Alto County, County College, Emmetsburg; third, Dallas County, County College, Adel. Drawing in Crayon or Water Colors, to Develop Form, Such as Fruits or Other Object Forms, by Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, County College, Adel; second, Palo Alto County, County Col- lege, Emmetsburg; third, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City. Set of Four Booklets or Other Pieces of Simple Construction by Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Clayton County, Elkader; second, Polk County, Youngstown; third, Polk County, Hicks Rural, Des Moines. Set Spelling Papers from Actual Class Wrork, by Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Pine Grove Rural School, Des Moines; second, Jefferson County, Fairfield; third, Fremont County, Sidney. Set Illustrated Number Papers from Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Oralabor Mining Camp; second, Jasper County, Newton; third, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City. Map of County by Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Palo Alto County, County College, Emmetsburg; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel; third, Polk County, Oralabor Mining Camp. Set Two Dressed Dolls, by Each of Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Fremont County, Sidney; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel; third, Polk County, Oralabor Mining Camp. Set Eight Studies in Form and Objects in Composition, Crayon or Water Color, By Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel. Set Four Landscapes, Black and W7hite, Color or Paper, By Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Dallas County, County College, Adel; second, Palo Alto County, County College, Emmetsburg. Set Four Posters to Promote Civic Beauty or Kindness to Animals, By Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Polk County Ward School, Allen Township, Des Moines; second, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City. Set Spelling Papers From Actual Class Work, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Fremont County, Sidney; second, Jefferson County, Fairfield; third, Polk County, Norwoodville Camp, Des Moines. Set Illustrated Number Papers, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50) — First, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City. Map of Iowa, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50. $1.50) — First, Fremont County, Sidney; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel. Product Map of United States, By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, County College, Adel; second, Jasper County, New- ton; third, Polk County, Pleasant Valley, Des Moines. Collection of Ten or More Iowa Woods (Named and Mounted, Showing Bark and Grain) By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Clayton County, Elkader; second, Warren County, County College, Indianola; third, Jefferson County, Fairfield. 358 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Water Color, Ten Iowa Birds, Showing Habits, Nests, Etc., By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City; second, Polk County, Hicks Rural School, Des Moines. Set Two Posters to Promote Citizenship, Involving Pose and Costumes, By Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City; second, Jefferson County, Fairfield. Set of Two Drawings or Posters to Promote Home and Community Sanitation and Civic Beauty, By Each of Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel; third, Clayton County, Elkader. Set of Two Drawings From Objects, Interior or Landscape, Involving the Principles of Perspectives (Black and White or In Color or Paper) By Two or More Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Jasper County, Newton; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel; third, Fremont County, Sid- ney. Set Page Specimens of Penmanship, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City; second, Palo Alto County, County College, Emmetsburg; third, Fremont County, Sidney. Six Drawings In Physiology, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) First, Dallas County, County College, Adel; second, Palo Alto County, County College, Emmetsburg; third, Warren County, County College, In- dianola. Collection Ten or 3Iore Iowa Grains and Grasses (Named and Arranged) By Pupil or School ($2.50) — First, Fremont County, Sidney. Collection Ten or More Troublesome Weeds of Garden or Farm (Named and Arranged) By Pupil or School ($2.50) — First, Fremont County, Sidney. Set Ten or More Useful Knots, Named With Statement of Some Good Place to Use Each and Why, Rope % to % Inch In Size, By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, County College, Adel; sec- ond, Fremont County, Sidney; third, Warren County, County College, Indianola. Essay on Subject "Good Citizenship" By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Polk County, Oralabor Mining Camp; second, Dallas County, County College, Adel. Wood Work Collection, Including Toys, Etc., By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Jasper County, Newton; second, Ringgold County, Mt. Ayr; third, Polk County, County College, Des Moines. Illustrated Booklet, Any Subject ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Marquisville Mining Camp; second, Jefferson County, Fairfield; third, Cerro Gordo County, County College, Mason City. . DIVISION NO. 2 Graded School Work Free-hand Paper Cuttings to Develop Form, In Colored Paper, By Eight Pupils ($2.50, $1.50. $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Polk County, Bondurant. Free-hand Paper Cuttings Illustrating Story, By Eight Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Hamilton County, Kam- rar; third, Shelby County, St. Josephs School, Earling. Paper Foldings or Paper Foldings and Construction, By Eight Pupils ($2.50, $1.50. $1) — First. Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Runnells; third, Polk County, Bondurant. Drawing In Crayon or Water Color, to Develop Form, By Eight Pupils ($2 50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Polk County, Runnells; third, Polk County, Urbandale School, Des Moines. Set Two Dressed Dolls, By Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Fayette County, Oelwein. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 359 Studies in Form, and Objects in Composition (Crayon or Water Color) By Eight Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Johnson County, Oxford; third, Polk County, Runnells. Landscapes, Black and White or in Color, By Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Fayette County, Oelwein. Posters to Promote Civic Beauty of Kindness to Animals, By Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Adair County, Orient; second, Shelby County, Earling-; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Booklets and Other Forms of Construction, Involving Elements of Bind- ing, By Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Polk County, Runnells. Set Spelling Papers From Actual Class Work, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Fayette County, Oelwein; third, Adair County, Orient. Set Page Specimens of Penmanship, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Runnells; second, Adair County, Orient; third, Fayette County, Oelwein. Set Illustrated Number Papers, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Urbandale, Des Moines; second, Johnson County, Oxford; third, Polk County, Bondurant. Health Poster 10x12 Inches, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Adair County, Orient; second, Fayette County, Oelwein; third, Ap- panoose County, Centerville. Map of Iowa, By Each of Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Shelby County, Earling; third, Webster County, Callender. Map of County, By Each of Two Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Webster County Callender. Product Map of United States, By Pupil or School ($2.50. $1.50, $1) — First, Cedar County, Stanwood; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Collection Ten or More Iowa Woods (Named and Mounted, Showing Bark and Grain) By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Warren County, Indianola. Set Language Papers, Illustrated By Each of Six Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Adair County, Orient. Original Poem of Not Fewer Than Four Stanzes, By Pupil ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Appanoose County, Centerville; second, Hamilton County, Kam- rar; third, Cedar County, Stanwood. Posters to Promote Citizenship, Involving Pose and Costuming, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Drawings or Posters to Promote Community Sanitation and Civic Beauty, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Farrar; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Adair County, Orient. Drawings From Objects, Interior or Landscape, Involving Principles of Perspective (Black and White, or In Color) By Each of Eight Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Fayette County, Oelwein; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Polk County, Runnells. Construction In Cardboard Involving Covering, Lining and the Simple Elements of Binding, Such As Book Cover, Kodak or Post Card Album. Calendar, Scrap Basket, Etc., By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Polk County, Runnells. Six Drawings In Physiology, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Appanoose County, Centerville; second, Fayette County, Oelwein; third, Polk County, Bondurant. 360 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Collection Ten or More Iowa Grains and Grasses (Named and Arranged) By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Warren County, Liberty Cen- ter; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Adair County, Orient. Collection Ten or More Troublesome Weeds of Garden or Farm (Named and Arranged by Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Adair County, Orient; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Polk County, Bondurant. Set Ten or More Useful Knots, Named, With Statement of Some Good Place to Use Them and Why, Rope % to % Inch In Size, By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Washington County, Washington; second, Johnson County, Oxford; third, Adair County, Orient. Set Three Samples of Darning, By Each of Three Pupils ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Collection Three Garments Made by Each of Three Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Cedar County, Stanwood; third, Dallas County, WTaukee. Original Poem of Not Fewer Than Four Stanzas, By Pupil ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Webster County, Callender; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Adair County, Orient. Essay on Subject "Good Citizenship," By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Bondurant. Collection of Wood Work Including Toys, Etc., By Pupil or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Set United States Maps Showing Territory and Growth, By Each of Four Pupils ($2.50, $1.50, $1)— First. Adair County, Orient; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Johnson County, Oxford. Illustrated Booklet, Any Subject ($2.50. $1.50, $1) — First, Fayette County, Oelwein; second, Palo Alto County, Emmetsburg; third, Fremont County, Sidney. DIVISION NO. 3 High School. Work Set Agriculture Notebooks, One by Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50 $1) — First, Webster County, Lanyon; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Set Physics Notebooks, One by Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Polk County, Runnells; third, Adair County, Orient. Set History Notebooks, One by Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Dallas County, Waukee. Set Geometrical Propositions With Demonstrations and Drawing, One By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Story County, Nevada; second, Adair County, Orient; third. Polk County, Farrar. Set Papers on Topic "How My Home Economics Work Has Been Ap- plied In the Home,'' One By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Polk County, Farrar; second, Webster County, Callender. Set Charcoal Drawings, One By Each of Four Students ($2.50) — First, Polk County, East High, Des Moines. Set Water Colors, One By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, East High, Des Moines. Set Drawings, Shades and Shadows, Any Medium, One By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Polk County, East High, Des Moines; sec- ond, Dallas County, Waukee. Set of Designs for Book Cover, One By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50) — First, Polk County, East High, Des Moines; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 361 Set of Posters on Health or Sanitation, One By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Polk County, East High, Des Moines; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Collection Ten or More Iowa Weeds (Named and Arranged) Showing Bark, Grain and Heart, By Student or School ($2.00, $1.50) — First, Hamil- ton County, Kamrar; second, Shelby County, Earling. Collection Ten or 3Iore Troublesome Weeds (Named and Arranged) By Student or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Harrison County, Missouri Val- ley; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Shelby County, Earling. Collection Showing Six or More Insects (Named and Mounted) Showing Effects of Work of Insect, By Student or School ($2.50) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Collection of Important Current Events Including Cartoons, Etc., By Student or School ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Webster County, Lanyon; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Set Maps Showing Important Phases of American History or Foreign' History, By Each of Four Students ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Polk County, Farrar; third, Humboldt County, Bradgate. Original Poem, Not Fewer Than Six Stanzas, By Student ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Webster County, Callender. Essay on Subject ''Why Nations Should Prefer Peace, and How," By Student ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First. Polk County, Bondurant; second, Cedar County, Stanwood; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Best Kept Bookkeeping Set of Books, By Each of Four Students ($2.50) First, Shelby County, Earling. Best Sketch of Home School Plant Including Buildings and Grounds, By Each of Two Students ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Polk County, Farrar. Essay on Topic "Best Solution for Foreign Immigration Question," By Student ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Cedar County, Stanwood; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Exhibit of Pen Art Work, Any Division ($2.50, $1.50, $1)— First, Polk County, East High, Des Moines; second, Appanoose County, Centerville; third, Dallas County, Waukee. Illustrated Booklet, Any Subject ($2.50, $1.50, $1) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Humboldt County, Bradgate. DIVISION NO. 4. Manual Arts. Set Mechanical Drawings, One by Each of Four Students ($4, $3, $1) — First, Appanoose County, Centerville; second, Cedar County, Stanwood; third, Dallas County, Waukee. Set Small Articles in Wood Work, by Student or School ($4, $3) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Bondurant. Set Large Articles in Woodwork (Furniture, Etc.), by Student or School ($4, $3, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Bondur- ant; third, Polk County, Runnells. Set Useful Articles in Wood Turning, One by Each of Three Students ($4) — First, Appanoose County, Centerville. Set House Dresses, One by Each of Four Students ($4,. $3) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Dallas County, Waukee. Booklet on "School Girl's Wardrobe" (Should Illustrate Complete Ward- robe for a Year) One by Each of Four Students ($4, $3, $1) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Hamilton County, Kamrar; third, Dallas County, Waukee. 362 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Display of Millinery Work, by Each of Four Students ($4, $3)— First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Farrar. Drawing of Best Arranged Kitchen, With Reasons Given for Such Ar- rangement, One From Each of Four Students ($4) — First, Dallas County, Waukee. List of Menus for Average Family for One Week (State Whether for Rural, Small Town or City Conditions), One by Fach of Four Students ($4, $3) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Adair County, Orient. Drawing From Some Actual Farmstead in Neighborhood, One From Fach of Three Students ($4) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar. Applied Record for Farm Crops Class, One From Each of Three Students ($4, $3, $1) — First, Polk County, Bondurant; second, Clayton County, Straw- berry Point; third, Warren County, Liberty Center. Selected Exhibit in Manual Training, by Student or School ($4, $3, $1) — First, Dallas * County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Bondurant; third, Story County, McCallsburg. Selected Exhibit in Domestic Science, by Student or School ($4, $3, $1) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Polk County, Runnells; third, Polk County, Bondurant. Three Designs in Pen Art Work by Student or School ($4) — First, Dallas County, Waukee. Best Display of Printing Done by School (May Include Job Printing, School Paper, Etc., but Not "High School Annual") ($4) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar. DIVISION NO. 5. Manual Arts. Exhibit of Photographs by Rural One-Room School ($5, $3) — First, Jasper County, Newton; second, Cerro Gordo County, Mason City. Exhibit of Photographs by Consolidated School ($8, $5, $2) — First, Boone County, Jordon; second, Dallas County, Waukee; third, Polk County, Bondurant. Exhibit of Photographs by Other Systems of Schools, in Towns of Less Than Five Thousand Population ($8) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar. DIVISION NO. 6. Collective Exhibits. Rural One-Room School Making Collective Exhibit, Entry by Teacher or by County Superintendent ($8, $6, $4) — First, Pottawatamie County, Council Bluffs; second, Dallas County, Adel; third, Jefferson County, Fairfield. Standard Rural One-Room School Making Collective Exhibit, Entry by Teacher or by County Superintendent ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Jasper County, Newton; second, Warren County, Indianola; third, Jefferson County, Fair- field; fourth, Polk County, Hicks, Des Moines. Mining Camp School (Must be School so Recognized by State Depart- ment of Public Instruction), Exhibit Must be Confined to Grade Work; Entry by Teacher or Superintendent ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Polk County, Oralabor Mining Camp; second, Polk County, Marquisville Mining Camp; third, Polk County, Carney Mining Camp; fourth, Polk County, Norwood- ville Mining Camp, Des Moines. Consolidated School Making Collective Exhibit, Entry by Superintendent ($20, $15, $10, $5) — First, Dallas County, Waukee; second, Adair County, Orient; third, Polk County, Bondurant; fourth, Warren County, Liberty Center. Town School (Other Than Consolidated and of Less Than Two Thousand Population) Making Collective Exhibit, Entry by Superintendent ($20, AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 363 $15, $10, $5) — First, Hamilton County, Kamrar; second, Webster County, Callender; third, Worth County, Joice; fourth, Mahaska County, Fremont. County Making- Collective Exhibit of Rural One-Room Work, Entry by County Superintendent ($20, $15, $10, $5) — First, Cerro Gordo County, Mason City; second, Jasper County, Newton; third, Jefferson County, Fairfield; fourth, Warren County, Indianola. BABY HEALTH DEPARTMENT. Superintendent Mrs. S. E. Lincoln, Des Moines, Iowa RURAL. Boys, 12-24 Months — First, Willis McBride, Polk City, 95.3; second, Richard Handsaker, Nevada, 94.8; third, Wilford B. Burkett, Minburn, 93.7; fourth, John Herwehe, Monroe, 93.4. Boys, 24-36 Months — First, Victor E. Swift, Gilman, 95.5; second, Harold Morris, Waukee, 93.6; third, Max Richards, Swan, 92.5; fourth, Clarence Moffitt, Ashworth, 92. Girls, 12-24 Months — First, Mary Steggall, Murray, 95.5; second, Christine Daniel, Murray, 94.6; third, Evelyn McClaine, Adelphi, 94.5; fourth, Mary Largent, Valley Junction, 94.4. Girls, 24-36 Months — First, Doris Vaughn, Rolfe, 95.5; second, Nedra Burkhardt, Stratford, 95.3; third, Jane Bullington, Runnells, 94.3; fourth, Margaret Masters, Beacon, 93.8. CITIES LESS THAN 10,000. Boys, 12-24 Months — First, John Weaver, Ames, 96.2; second, Leon Heckert, Ames, 95.75; third, Don Minert, Ames, 95.75; fourth, Lyman Roberts, Corydon, 94.6. Boys, 24-36 Months — First, Richard Hummell, Ames, 96.1; second, Lyle Sterrett, What Cheer, 95.8; third, Roy Houser, Centerville, 95.7; fourth, George Munger, Osage, 94.1. Girls, 12-24 Months — First, Betty King, Clear Lake, 97.2; second, Martha Harvey, Adel, 96.6; third, Janice Hamilton, Indianola, 95.5; fourth, Marian Flint, Humboldt, 94.9. Girls, 24-36 Months — First, Josephine Gripp, Afton, 99.1; second Elizabeth Young, Waukee, 97.7; third, Delberta Olafson, Stanhope, 95.8; fourth, Mar- jorie Morrill, Waukee, 95.6. CITIES OVER 10,000. Boys, 12-24 Months — First, Hubert Roe James, Des Moines, 96.5; second, John E. Hanson, Des Moines, 96.4; third, John R. Jones, Des Moines, 96; fourth, Joel Boersema, Des Moines, 95.9. Boys, 24-36 Months — First, Earl W. Olson, Des Moines, 95.5; second, Benton Van Horn, Des Moines, 95.2; third, Keith Kelley, Des Moines, 93.5; fourth, John Robert Liggett, Des Moines, 93.4. Girls, 12-24 Months — First, Joy Haskins, Des Moines, 96.1; second, Mary H. Macomber, Des Moines, 94.6; third, Marjorie Way, Des Moines, 93.9; fourth, Ruth Agnes Corey, Des Moines, 93.8. Girls, 24-36 Months — First, Doris Strater, Des Moines, 95.4; second, Dorothy Dyson, Des Moines, 95.3; third, Jean Fluke, Des Moines, 95.2; fourth, Gwendolyn McCannon, Des Moines, 95.1. Sweepstake Boy, 12-36 Months — Hubert Roe James, Des Moines, 96.5. Sweepstake Girl, 12-36 Months — Josephine Gripp, Afton, 99.1. 364 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV IMPROVEMENT CLASS. Rural. Boys, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Dwight Moser, Dallas Center 91.9 2.1 Second, Clarence E. Moffitt, Ackworth 92. 1.9 Third, Max Jack Richards, Swan 92.5 1.8 Fourth, Gordon McConnell, Waukee 88.9 1.7 Girls, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Nedra lone Burkhardt, Stratford 95.3 1.4 Second, Jean Louise Shelhart, Ankeny 92.3 .2 CITIES LESS THAN 10,000. Boys, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, W. Ray Houser, Centerville 95.7 5.1 Second, George Kellar, Huxley 92. .3 Girls, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Marjorie Morrill, "Waukee 95.6 4.8 Second, Janice Fardal, Stanhope 88. 4.5 Third, Esther Iverson, Stanhope 93.5 2.2 Fourth, Norma Crowder, Grinnell 92.8 .9 CITIES OVER 10,000. Boys, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Robert Briggs Frink, Des Moines 90.4 4.5 Second, William Henry Marshall, Des Moines 92.8 1.8 Girls, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Margery Emma Hart, Des Moines 93.6 5. Second, Doris Janet Strater, Des Moines 95.4 .6 Third, Lilla Rossiter, Des Moines 92.9 .1 Improvement Champions. Score Gain Champion Boy, W. Ray Houser, Centerville 95.7 5.1 Champion Girl, Emma Margery Hart, Des Moines 93.6 5. HORSESHOE PITCHING TOURNAMENT. MEN'S NATIONAL HORSESHOE PITCHING TOURNAMENT. Gold medal and $250, Gold Medal and $150, Gold Medal and $100, $75, $50, $40, $35, $30, $215, $25, $20, $20, $20, $20, $20, $20 — First, Frank Lundin; New London; second Frank Jackson, Kellerton; third, Lyle Brown, Des Moines; fourth, R. P. Spencer, Picher, Okla. ; fifth, E. R. Plogman, Conroy; sixth, Billy Crick, Independence, Mo.; seventh, Harold Taylor, Akron, Ohio; eighth, Geo. May, Akron, Ohio; ninth, C. C. Davis, Columbus, Ohio; tenth, Elzie Ray, Shenandoah, eleventh, H. E. Jackson, Kellerton; twelfth, Christ Erickson, Beresford, S. D.; thirteenth, J. F. Walls, Missouri Valley; fourteenth, E. M. Crank, Wilburn, 111.; fifteenth, P. W. Bair, Kansas City, Kan.; sixteenth, C. F. Jackson, Kellerton. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 365 WOMEN'S NATIONAL, HORSESHOE PITCHING TOURNAMENT. Gold Medal and $25, Gold Medal and $20, Gold Medal and $15, $10, $10, $10, $5, $5 — First, Mrs. C. A. Lanham, Bloomington, 111.; second, Mrs. Mayme Francisco, Muskegon, Mich.; third, Mrs. C. D. Young, Minneapolis, Minn.; fourth, Mrs. Chas. Heimbaugh, Akron, Ohio; fifth, Mrs. Alex Cumming, Minneapolis, Minn.; sixth, Mrs. John Dahl, Minneapolis, Minn.; seventh, Mrs. G. Brouillette, Minneapolis, Minn.; eighth, Mrs. Allen Hay, Minne- apolis, Minn. MEN'S IOWA STATE HORSESHOE PITCHING TOURNAMENT. Gold Medal and $75, Silver Medal and $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20, $15 — First, Frank Lundin, New London; second, Lyle Brown, Des Moines; ftiird, E. R. Plogman, Conroy; fourth, Elzie Ray, Shenandoah; fifth, O. H. Raines, Knoxville; sixth, Claus Hoodjer, Wellsburg; seventh, H. H. Holmes, Storm Lake; eighth, Geo. Rogers, Newell. SPELLING CONTEST. Gold Medal and $25, Silver Medal and $15, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10, $10, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5 — First, Lyle Pleshek, State Center; second, Beulah Gorden, Centerville; third, Mary Scott, Lacey; fourth, Thorvald Jessen, Dolliver; fifth, Gertrude Vanderpol, Sully; sixth, Hilda Palmquist, Knoxville; seventh, Thorvald Peterson, Storm Lake; eighth, Dorothy Reiff, Danville; ninth, Harold Kearns, Fairfield; tenth, Charles Reading, Churdan; eleventh, Raymond Shulz, Fort Dodge; twelfth, Blanche Pierce, Iowa Falls; thirteenth, Anna Ketelsen, Bryant; fourteenth, Nora Floistad, Ossian; fif- teenth, Earl Crawford, Arlington; sixteenth, Darwin C. Rogers, Oakland; seventeenth, Mary T. Pigott, Waukon; eighteenth, Cleone Caldwell, Wash- ington. PART V Fourth Annual Convention, Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, Des Moines, Iowa, January 11-12, 1923 EXCERPTS FROM THE OPENING ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT C. W. HUNT The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation has justified its four years of ex- istence, four years that tried the metal of the farmer to the limit of en- durance. It has demonstrated to the world that its mission was to pro- mote and protect the interests of the Iowa farmer. The organization came into being when every one was drunk with the seeming prosperity that followed in the wake of war. Speculation was in the air, and every- one breathed its intoxicating aroma. Promoters seized the opportunity to induce the Iowa farmer to invest his money and liberty bonds in Questionable stock and worthless securities, with the result that millions of dollars were taken away from agriculture and squandered. It was your state organization that first sensed the danger, and its influence in sound- ing the alarm through the county Farm Bureaus was an important factor in bringing an end to this unexampled period of extravagance and financial waste. Cost Accounting Project Proves Value Believing in the theory that the thrifty and industrious farmer is en- titled to cost of production plus a fair profit, the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, co-operating with the Iowa State College, took up the study of cost accounting on the farm. Today we have three years of cost-of- production figures on Iowa farms that have furnished an unanswerable argument to convince the rest of the world that the farmer must have a higher price level and a larger buying power or go under. These figures were introduced as evidence by Secretary Cunningham and Dr. E. G. Nourse of the Iowa State College, and clinched the argu- ment before the Interstate Commerce Commission hearing in the grain rate reduction case, and were largely responsible for a reduction of IIV2 per cent in freight rates on grain and hay. Legislative Activities Many and Effective In the field of legislation the Federation was instrumental in defeating a measure which would have placed a large additional burden of taxes upon farm lands; it defeated the enactment of a sales tax; declared that taxes should be paid out of income, instead of out of capital; legalized co-operative marketing, in order that farmers might co-operate in selling their products without danger of being jailed; provided financial REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 367 relief for crop failure in the northwest; brought to life the War Finance Corporation that it might loan money to tide agriculture over the period of financial stringency; forced the enactment of the Haugen Packer- Stock Yards Control Act which had been buried in the committee for years; passed the Capper-Tincher Grain Act; set in motion a program of farm-to-market highways that would give the farmer a good road to his town, rather than an ocean-to-ocean thoroughfare for the tourist. Many other agricultural bills are under consideration. In addition to national legislation some of the states have been active in behalf of agriculture, Iowa in particular taking the lead two years ago by passing eighteen bills designed to improve conditions for the farmers of the state. Organize Credit Corporation We early decided that a system of agricultural credit, national and state, should be worked out, and we found that special legislation was necessary before anything could be done in that line. Accordingly laws were enacted by the Thirty-ninth General Assembly of Iowa legalizing a state agricultural finance corporation, following which the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation co-operated with the Iowa State Bankers' Association in organizing the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation. Organization of this corporation was undertaken with the indorsement of bankers all over the country, from Des Moines to Chicago and Wash- ington. But there came a change. Indorsement was withdrawn. Ap- proval changed to opposition. Financiers evidently feared the new plan would advance the independence of the farmer and give him cheaper credit, and they began to use every possible opportunity to dis- credit the plan and hamper the promotion work of the corporation. Lowered Rate of Interest on Loans But the work went on. In spite of organized opposition from every side the required amount of stock was sold, all legal requirements com- plied with, and today the corporation is doing business under a charter from the State of Iowa. It is not doing the volume of business it should do, and would do if it had the support it is entitled to from financial in- terests. But with all the handicaps it has had the effect of lowering interest rates on farm loans at least 1 per cent throughout the state, and in many cases has lowered interest rates on short-time loans. So we can say the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation is a going concern. Its capital is working for the Iowa farmer. It is not overstating the truth to say that the credit corporation has saved more than a million dollars to the farmers of the state within the last year. With proper support from the farmers it will do much more in the years to come. The corporation has no high-salaried officers, and the entire expense of promotion from beginning to date has cost less than 10 per cent of the capital stock sold. All claims and expenses are paid, and there is a healthy surplus on hand. Livestock Marketing Plans Perfected Since our last meeting a year ago the Livestock Marketing Plan has been put in active operation with selling agencies at St. Louis, Peoria, 368 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Chicago, Indianapolis and Buffalo. Every one of these agencies has made rapid progress, and today they hold first place in their respective markets. They are a success in every way, and should have better support from farmers and feeders than they have received so far. You want co-opera- tive marketing, and you should have it as fast as it can be intelligently worked out, but you must support it when offered if it is to succeed. The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation has done its full share in establish- ing a co-operative marketing system for livestock, both in lending money and in the administration of its affairs. One year ago I said I would like to offer you a word of encouragement for the immediate future, but suggested that the business world was too sick to recover soon. In the sense that I intended it that statement proved true. The business world is still sick. No man can tell when or how far the European countries will come back. Let us hope that they will be able to regain their economic balance and adopt a program of thrift and industry. If they do they will come back rapidly, and even- tually pay their debts to the United States. They must work out their own salvation, or at least show us that they are in earnest for the good of all before we can afford to lend more assistance toward their recovery. Confidence will come to the business interests of the United States the minute it is felt that Europe is really on the road to recovery. Many Problems Yet to be Solved Marketing is the greatest problem the farmer has to meet. Others have to do with freight rates, interest and taxes. But if the farmer can once get a price for his products that will net a reasonable return on his investment he will have the means to enjoy some of the pleasures of life without worrying continually about interest and payments on the mortgage. Co-operative marketing is the only way group selling by farmers can be made possible. Co-operative marketing, then, should be our largest and most important work. Its progress is likely to be slow, for the reason that farmers do not yet fully realize the necessary elements of unity in selling. On the whole we have made excellent progress. The Federation has done a great work and justified its existence. We cannot expect miracles when selfishness is everywhere so thoroughly entrenched. It will take time to educate and mould public opinion along right lines. It has been said that necessity is the mother of invention; likewise necessity is the compelling force that changes the course of industry. We are not seeking to overthrow the present marketing system and agencies, but we are trying to apply the principles of co-operation to that system, in the hope that it will eliminate some of the evils that have been absorbing the profits of our business. The past four years has developed leaders in every county. Better still it has developed followers, not followers to trail blindly after their leaders, but followers who have thought out the situation for themselves, and who now follow because of enthusiasm born of knolwedge, showing that they are sold on the work and are willing to support the organization and make success possible. REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 389 REVIEWING THE LAST YEAR BY SECRETARY CUNNINGHAM The year 1922 opened with the farmers of the State facing a most dis- tressing outlook. Farm products were selling below cost of production, and the condition of the average farmer was discouraging. During the early part of the year there developed a strong agitation against the high rate of taxation. This agitation being so unreasonable in its rep- resentation the membership soon began to doubt the sincerity of Its sponsors, and investigation developed that it was a well directed effort toward demoralizing and destroying the Farm Bureau organization. Resolutions identical in purport, prepared in advance, were invariably presented, one of its objects being to reduce taxation by doing away with the County Agent. This unreasonable and unjust attack soon spent its force, and as the prejudice it had engendered subsided the Federation undertook through a series of charts and compilations to lay the whole tax question and all State expenditures for public account before our membership. This in- formation, apparently appreciated by the membership, soon had its effect upon the taxpayer who could see no hope for relief from burdensome taxation if it required such expensive methods of publicity where the amount involved but thirty-three cents on every $100 in taxes paid. There is no reason for discouragement on the part of any one con- nected with the organization. The year has brought many encouraging changes, and none of them more welcome than the fact that farm prod- ucts in Iowa, with few exceptions, are selling at a price equal to the cost of production, and in some instances leaving a margin of profit. Credit is somewhat easier, and, on the whole, conditions with the farmer at the beginning of 1923 are most hopeful. There must be no letting down on the part of our membership in the future. We must carry on and in no half-hearted way. There is much to be done. While we have every reason to believe and feel that the crisis has passed, it should not be taken as an indication that an era of un- bounded prosperity has been ushered in and that any one would be justified in indulging in extravagant practice. Let us all try and remem- ber for all time to come the experiences of the past three years. Board of Directors The Board of Directors in the past have not had the opportunity to es- tablish an efficient working relationship with their members. Only those who happen to be officers of the County Farm Bureaus have been able to acquire the contact so necessary to make for efficient service. We would recommend that the director be invited to attend county and township board meetings, and that his services as speaker at the county and town- ship meeting be sought. Through such service the rank and file of our membership could be well informed at all times, and in return the di- rector could be better informed on all subjects concerning the welfare of the county. 24 370 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Executive Committee The Executive Committee as in the previous years has given thorough consideration to the business of the organization. The number of meet- ings held by the board totalled one hundred thirty-two. Every re- sponsibility devolving upon the board as the governing body of our organization has been fully accepted and faithfully carried out by each individual. We would recommend that the County Farm Bureaus es- tablish a closer relationship with the Executive Committee. The two district meetings held annually have been very helpful and have been the means of giving the members of the board a better understanding of the real needs of future activities. President The President has carried for the greater part of the year just closed a far greater responsibility than ever before. The Secretary's time being occupied so largely in endeavoring to untangle the affiairs of the U. S. Grain Growers, Inc., it fell to the President to assume largely the re- sponsibility of the Secretary. This duty was cheerfully performed, and, so far as it was humanly possible, every activity was fully supervised. This added burden necessarily interfered to some extent with the field duties of the President, but the spirit of co-operation and harmony that prevailed in the Federation office in which every employe assumed added responsibilities and duties without regards to days and hours of added labor made it possible to carry through the program of work for the year without added expense. The President attended many County Farm Bureau meetings, conferences and hearings in which the interest of the farmers was involved. In addition, there is a constant demand upon his time by the outside public. To maintain our public relationship with all interests requires a keen perception as to what constitutes courteous con- sideration as distinguished from selfish individual desires. The President has always been able to differentiate between such requests in a manner to prevent entangling alliances or serious embarrassments. Secretary We have as Secretary-Treasurer given the closest attention to the business of the Federation during the past year. The wise expenditure of our funds has been our first concern. The amount of dues paid by the individual member is not sufficient to carry on all of the activities that are demanded of us. We have never hesitated in assuming the re- sponsibility of protecting the farmers' interests even though it required the expenditures from the reserve fund. We have never been able to reduce the amount of our expenditures to fifty cents per capita, which we are paid. During the year 1922 we were allowed a budget of $92,000 and our total expense, according to report hereto attached, shows an ex- penditure of $70,952.37, a saving on our estimated budget of $21,074.63 for the year. I am of the opinion that we have probably reached the lowest possible amount that the work can be done for if we are to continue to carry on as strong as we have in the past. Every year there has been contingent expenditures to meet that could not be avoided, and if you will permit REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 371 me to forecast as to your future needs, it would be that the expense of your organization will increase rather than decrease. You might well offer some criticism in particular cases for our refusal to allow larger expenditures to be made, but you must not overlook the fact that we are a state-wide organization and our policies must be to serve the State as a whole, and too often requests are made for the expenditures of our re- serves for the benefit of local communities on problems that are purely local in character. The question of collection of dues is one that must have most serious consideration. We have a very small number of cancellations of mem- bership. In this respect we have no cause for complaint, but for three years there has been a slightly increasing number of protested checks each year. The bank should be asked to honor the check where there are funds to meet it. If this cannot be done, arrangements should be made to collect through other agencies. Organization Throughout the year the requests for speakers have been heavy. We have tried to meet every request so far as possible. For three years we have furnished many speakers for county, township and community meetings, and in addition numerous meetings are being held annually with commercial bodies and business interests throughout the State. The meetings have had the best of effect in developing leadership in our organization. It is rare indeed when a community does not have its own speakers for the monthly meetings, and the ladies are probably furnishing more outstanding leadership than the men. The list below will give the names of speakers and number of speaking dates during the past year: No. No. Name Meetings Counties Attendance Hunt 75 52 50,000 Coupe 44 28 15,859 Hearst 34 17 14,300- Pedersen 249 36 65,965 Huntley 81 33 57,575 Soeth 105 38 53,674 Mrs. Richardson 112 38 93,400 Fisher 105 45 11,735 Nordhausen 60 29 7,680 Inman 38 13 9,260 Latta 23 4 480 Heline 30 13 5,865 Taylor 12 6 2,900 Lynam 33 13 940 Kitch 5 4 146 Hansman 8 5 825 Coverdale v 4 3 160 Mackie 17 4 1,550 Total 1,035 392,314 372 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V We would recommend that an organization man or committee be pro- vided by each county board whose duty it shall be to give close attention to organization work and the collection of its membership dues. Women's Work Early in the spring there was organized a state-wide women's com- mittee consisting of the following named ladies representing their re- spective districts: Congressional District Name Address First Mrs. F. Lee Davis Montrose, Iowa Second Mrs. Don B. Seaman Davenport, Iowa Third Mrs. W. M. George Janesville, Iowa Fourth Mrs. W. E. Bouck Mason City, Iowa Fifth Mrs. W. A. Tanner Palo, Iowa Sixth Mrs: Clarence Decatur Grinnell, Iowa Seventh Mrs. Jacob Solberg Nevada, Iowa Eighth Mrs. Harley Condra Seymour, Iowa Ninth Mrs. Gene Cutler Logan, Iowa Tenth Mrs. W. Van Bloom Dayton, Iowa Eleventh Mrs. John Wilkin Correctionville, Iowa No piece of Farm Bureau work has ever met with more general ap- proval than the activities carried on by the ladies. The women's work should have more serious consideration and closer co-operation from the Farm Bureau boards, for their work is unquestionably the most stabilizing influence in the organization. No problem of the home can be solved without the aid of the women, and all problems of the farm concern them. The farmer with his farm problem and his wife with the home and family problem should form the basis of a true working relationship and be the incentive for the most harmonious co-operation within the ranks of a farm organization. Legislation The Legislative Committee has been checking over the Code Com- mission bills and working on legislative matters that will need attention by the present General Assembly. The committee being fully advised as to the necessity for decreased taxes recognizes that this can only be accomplished by a decreased expenditure and will endeavor to have all appropriations reduced to actual necessities. Live Stock Department The work on behalf of the live stock interests for the past year has been to emphasize the co-operative marketing as outlined in the National Live Stock Producers Association which adopted the plan of the Com- mittee of Fifteen. This work was directed by Mr. Sar. His report shows that one hundred eighty different shipping associations asked for his service, and that every assistance possible was rendered such associations on any question pertaining to their live stock marketing problems. At the last annual meeting of the I. F. B. F. a resolution was adopted directing the officers to use their influence and power in perfecting the REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 373 co-operative marketing projects under consideration. As a consequence by co-operating with the National Producers Board of Directors and the Mid-West Federations there has been established the following terminal Live Stock Commission houses: St. Louis, Chicago, Peoria, Indianapolis, Buffalo and Fort Worth. At Cleveland and Sioux City boards of directors have been elected and commission houses will be opened in a short time. Every house establshed is functioning very efficiently and mak- ing money for its patrons. Credit Corporation The Farm Credit Corporation (I mention this because at your last an- nual session through a resolution adopted you directed the Federation to give it full co-operation) has a capitalization of over one million and is functioning as well as it can under handicaps of the most malicious and unwarranted opposition on the part of financial interests of the State. We can assure you that cost of organization, which was so widely heralded as wildcat promotion scheme, has not been excessive. The total, including office expense, and all commission, has been less than 10 per cent, and there is a creditable surplus on hand at this time. The real benefits that have come to our people in the main have been from the fact that the rates have been reduced in many instances to meet the rates of the Credit Corporation. Transportation The railroad situation has brought an unusual number of complaints on account of car shortage. Much relief has been secured at particularly congested points through the co-operation given by the Transporation Department of the A. F. B. F. The Iowa State Railway Commission and the A. F. B. F. called us into the rate cases involving the differentials on grain rates. At the hearing held in Des Moines, Dr. E. G. Nourse of Ames, and President C. W. Hunt appeared as material witnesses on be- half of the shippers in this case. As in former cases involving tariffs on grain, the cost of production records were extensively used to establish relationship and facts involving the high freight rates, as well as the necessity and justice of the differentials. Further reduction in excessive freight rates has been our constant effort. Cost of Production The Cost of Production Committee has carried on the work in its usual thorough manner. Dr. E. G. Nourse, head of the Agricultural Economics Department, has supervised the work while George Warrick and C. L. Holmes have directed the work and compiled the records. This work has probably established its value more quickly in the public mind than any other work ever attempted. When first presented before the Inter- state Commerce Commission in the rate hearing a year ago, it was accepted with much hesitancy. Now the records seem to have become a necessity in all matters wherever the question of Farm Economics seems to have a part. County Agricultural Agent Our working relationship with the County Agricultural Agents and Home Demonstration Agents continues very satisfactory and pleasant. 374 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V The past year has been most trying to all engaged in these activities. Early in the year there appeared to exist amongst the membership a spirit of indifference, brought on no doubt by the continued low prices for farm products, which was causing the strongest hearted to falter. Added to this was the well directed campaign of false and malicious propa- ganda carried on by those who were unfriendly to the organization and sought to capitalize the discontent into active opposition to the County Agent. The last four months have brought a complete reversal of senti- ment on the part of the public, which has come to recognize the absurd- ity of the arguments used against the organization. The Farm Bureau membership is now more firmly grounded and its value to the business of agriculture more firmly established than ever before. The County Agents as a whole have been efficient in their work, and a constructive influence in every community. The County Agent should be encouraged in every effort to carry on. The opposition has not ceased. It in fact has doubled its efforts, and we must meet the issue squarely. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS BY C. B. HUTCHINGS We are thinking a great deal about transportation and agriculture to- day. You have had your attention called to the importance of agriculture itself, to the capital investment in it, which aggregates $78,000,000,000. After agriculture we can set up against that figure as the nation's sec- ond industry that of transportation. You have all heard of the valuation fixed on the railroads by the Inter- state Commerce Commission as being in excess of $18,000,000,000, and we are told that since that time improvements will bring the figure up close to $20,000,000,000. But the railroads are not our only means of trans- portation, and so we have to add to that figure the value of motor trucks, improvement of highways, waterways, water terminals, steam ships, etc., and when you have gotten all through with these various facilities of transportation you have run that figure up to $40,000,000,000. So these two, agriculture and transportation, are the nation's leading industries. One hundred years ago the farmer who lived twenty-five miles from market did one thing and one thing only — he provided for his own living. He had no way to ship out the surplus. But today you men of Iowa find your markets 100, 500, 1,000, or perhaps 4,000 miles away, because you have available means of transportation that will take your produce to those markets. Industry and transportation are inevitably woven to- gether, and agriculture as the nation's leading industry is deeply inter- ested in it. Have Two Ends in View It has been our endeavor to co-operate with all who will co-operate with us in securing justice for the farmer. We have worked with the state railroad commissions to a marked degree. I am- frank to say to you, not merely because I am in the State of Iowa but because it is a fact, that the Iowa Commission and the Iowa representatives have been working as cordially with us as any two people could work together. I want to REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 375 bear tribute to the worth and value of their assistance, and we in turn have tried to be of assistance to them. We have had in our work two particular ends in view. In the first place we want adequate service. We believe that the farmer is entitled to ship his products at the time the market is satisfactory to him. Possibly the car shortage which we all experienced this past fall has forced upon us orderly marketing before we expected to get it. Our car shortage has not been entirely an unmixed evil. But the proper way to get orderly mar- keting is not to have a pair of steel bands put around our wrists. We want to get it in an orderly way. In the next place, with our idea of adequate service, any step which might lead to a reduction in what service we have at present would do more damage than good. Accordingly we have worked along the lines of preserving to you all the benefits of transportation which are the result of private initiative, and of keeping the service which we have at present and improving it if possible and making for more reasonable prices. Like any other good organization we have set up for ourselves certain very definite projects which we have tried to accomplish. Iowa Figures Serve Good Purpose You all know what happened generally with regard to rates. I want to go back to 1921 and show you how this thing has developed, slowly and gradually but decidedly for the benefit of the farmer. When we began our work we found pending before the Interstate Commerce Commission a complaint that the rates on livestock were such that the farmer could not continue to produce if those rates continued in effect. It seemed better for us to co-operate than to go off on some other kind of scheme in working out this problem. We presented our case and got a decision that the rate on livestock over 100 pounds should be reduced 20 per cent, and that no rate so re- duced should be less than 50 cents. It didn't look like much on the face of it, but it amounted in the aggregate to $7,000,000 a year. The impor- tant thing, however, was not the $7,000,000. While economic conditions were not the dominating factors they at least represented one factor that must be considered in the procuring of reasonable rates in the trans- portation of goods. The very day that principle was announced the Farm Bureau and the state commissions were in Washington trying the western grain and hay case. We fought that case to a finish and the decision saved the farmers of the West $38,000,000. The testimony which the Iowa Farm Bureau presented through Mr. Cunningham and Professor Nourse was one of the most valuable bits of evidence that we had. Our success in that case showed us that with, accurate figures and definite knowledge it is possible to secure results. When we go before the carriers, or before the commissions, with noth- ing but opinions it is a waste of time and we might just as well have stayed at home. The work that we have been doing in digging out these facts is essential, and I am glad that you are planning to continue this work. 376 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Secure Further Rate Reductions Right on the heels of this proposition President Howard went to the railroad officials and said: "Gentlemen, we appreciate your needs, the necessities of your investors, but we want you also to appreciate the needs of agriculture." He secured a reduction of 10 per cent in the rates on agricultural products and commodites in carloads which had not been covered by previous reductions. It meant to the farmers of America $55,000,000. As a result of the insistence of the Farm Bureau and others the Inter- state Commerce Commission presently started an investigation with regard to the level of rates on all commodities, and what should be a proper rate of return to the carriers. As Commissioner Lewis has pointed out to you today, the 5% per cent provision of the law expired February 28, 1922. It was therefore the duty of the commission to fix what should be the rate of return. These things came up for investi- gation. The farmer had just received two or three reductions, and we confined our attention to the question of what should be the proper rate of return. We hadn't gone very far before the expression of the com- missioners from the bench convinced us that we were absolutely right. When the decision was announced and made effective as of July 1, it was found to contain a reduction of 10 per cent on all of the products not previously mentioned. Study Rates on Mixed Shipments Aside from these general propositions there have been others in which we have been working. Iowa, like every other livestock state, is in- terested in the rate on mixed carloads of livestock. The present rule provides that rates shall be charged at the highest rate applicable to any stock in the car. Interstate shipments run 12,000 pounds on sheep, 17,000 on hogs, and 22,000 on cattle. Your rates run up the other way. The lowest rate is on cattle, perhaps 10 or 15 per cent higher on hogs, and about 20 or 25 per cent higher on sheep. Suppose you mix a car with all three. You then pay the highest rate, the sheep rate, and you are charged for the highest minimum weight, which is 22,000 pounds. Now, it has been our position that it is a physical impossibility to get that much weight into a car, therefore there is no reason in the world why we should pay for something that is physically impossible to ac- complish. It has been our position that the carriers, although they say so, do not actually maintain this rule as to other commodities where it is physically impossible to make such a loading. The hearing was held before the commission in February, 1921. The complaint was drawn by the National Livestock Exchange, and at the hearing the carriers found a joker in it — it was possible by sticking a goat into the carload of cattle or hogs to beat the railroad. We want to play square with them. Accordingly at the argument we took the position that if the ruling which the complainant asked for was not a proper one we were willing that the commission should set one that would relieve us of this injustice. But, when we got a decision on July 1 of last year, we found that about the first thing in there was that the rule proposed permitted of fraudulent mixtures. Therefore, we cannot approve of it. REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 377 Case Still Further Postponed I We suggested a rule that each kind of stock should be carried at its own weight and rate. The commission said that would be a very good rule if we could find the weight at the country station, and we couldn't adopt that. So they told us to apply practically the highest charge which would accrue on any kind of stock in the car if that car were moved in straight carloads. We thought that would run about two, or three, or four million dollars a year to the shippers of the country, and the order was to become effective August 19. Somehow the carriers didn't like it, and they came with a petition to have it reargued or reheard. The com- mission said, "We will consider that and give you an answer October 19. Meanwhile we will postpone the effective date." About the fifth of October they said they would have the case reargued. We kept work- ing along hoping to get results, and finally they said they would set it for January 19, and now it is postponed to February 1. Discriminatory Rates in the South I want to tell you something about the livestock down in the southeast. Here in Iowa you have had a mileage scale for thirty-four years, but the railroads didn't do business that way down there. They made the rates low at competitive points and high elsewhere. Where a railroad com- peted with them a low rate was in effect, and all points between gotj a high rate. Those rates were established in 1891 and had not been changed except for the general increases since that time. In 1915-16 the Interstate Commerce Commission began to press the carriers to get rates on some kind of reasonable basis, and they have been working on that since. About the first of last year the carriers filed some tariffs proposing rates on livestock which purported to comply with the decisions of the commission. We made an examination of these proposed tariffs and found that they represented increases running from 45 to 95 per cent. County Farm Bureaus, State Farm Bureaus, state commissions, livestock exchanges, individual shippers, the American Farm Bureaus, all went to Washington with their protests. We got those tariffs postponed; had a hearing on it at Louisville on September 12. We got a provision of a two-for-one rule which we had never had in the South. We got a pro- vision on minimum weights that was low, 16,000 on hogs, and in addition we got a set of rates which iron out the inequalities, and we defeated the increases they were after. One thing more on that: It was the unanimous testimony of all the people who worked together in that case, and we had representatives of the packers, of the livestock exchanges, the state commissions, and of the various state organizations, it was the unanimous testimony of all those people that it was the work of the Farm Bureau that put the thing over. Problems of Freight Car Distribution The thing that stands out largest in the minds of the people this year is the matter of car service. I don't need to tell you that we had a car shortage. People asked where the cars were. Every state seemed to 378 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V be obsessed with the idea that some one else had its cars. The com- plaints came from the Dakotas, from Illinois, from Iowa, Ohio and from Nebraska. You people loaded your cars and they went east. The people of Illinois load their cars and they go east. The people of Nebraska •load cars and they go east. Sometimes as much as 70 per cent of the business is east-bound, and nothing to bring it back. On October 1 the figures showed that box cars on some of the lines in the eastern sections were 80 per cent in excess of cars owned, while in this section they were 13 per cent less than the cars owned. Somebody down there had the cars, and one of the things we did was to press the American Railway Association and the Interstate Commerce Commission to get those cars back home where they belong. The peak of car ownership came in April, 1920, with approximately 2,300,000 cars. We have today 76,000 less cars in the country than there were at that time. Actually less cars with more business to handle. Further, if you put it on the basis of serviceable cars, the latest figures indicate that we are about 212,000 cars short of what we were two and one-half years ago. In January, 1922, we were loading about 650,000 to 700,000 cars a week. For about ten weeks last fall we were loading in excess of 950,000 cars a week. Another thing: The average weight per car fell off a ton in a year. Now, a ton doesn't look very large but when you multiply it by a million cars a week, you will see that we are using a lot more cars than we ought to. Will Push Marketing Projects This Year Marketing is our big problem for next year. Marketing is the farmer's critical problem. This whole thing of transportation can be solved in one of two ways. Farm prices and transportation costs are out of joint. If we can get farm prices up, or transportation costs down, put them in better relationship, then we have got the answer. The transportation department is working on one end in getting transportation costs down, while our marketing activities are getting the farmer's prices up. We don't propose to take any chances by only working one end. Further, our transportation work is trying to dovetail into the marketing work at every possible angle. It is only fair that we should do this. If we try to get cars for a co- operative livestock shippers' association, isn't it only fair that the ship- ping association should patronize the Producers' Company at the terminal market? We have written a letter to co-operators in which we say: "We have gotten you these cars — do you intend to ship to the Pro- ducers?" We are waiting to see what the results will be. Play fair, that's the thought. ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CO-OPERATION BY SENATOR BROOKHART I think if there was any incident in my life that distinctly started me on the road to the United States Senate it occurred in this room three years ago at the State Farm Bureau convention. I came down here to REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 379 oppose an endorsement of the railroad law. It wasn't long after that meeting until those who were interested in the subject began urging me to become a candidate for the United States Senate. I never up to that time had met a labor leader, except one, one from my home town, War- ren S. Stone, the grand chief of the engineers. But I defended labor against the attempt, as it seemed to me, to drive them toward involun- tary servitude in making their right to strike a criminal offense. After that meeting I found that I had made friends of labor everywhere. I still think, my friends, that the greatest question of this generation involves the common people — those who produce by the work of their hands as well as their brain, upon the farm and in the factory, and that the great question is that they should unite in economic and political co-operation. Why a Farmer-Labor Combination I went down to Washington City a year ago in July as a special rep- resentative of the Farmers' Union. I went for the purpose of making the opening statement to the joint committee of Congress that was in- vestigating agriculture for the farmers of the United States. In that statement I said to the committee that I believed producing labor on the farm and in the factory and everywhere should co-operate together for their economic and political rights. I said that labor was the principal customer of the products of the farm, and I said that the farmer was the biggest customer of the products of labor. Then I set out that of the dollar which the laboring man paid for the products of the farm, the farmer gets 38 cents. It was challenged. A New York millionaire on that committee thought that kind of talk was worse than bolshevism. I said it was the best estimate that I could get, and I said it was the duty of the committee to investigate an important fact like that and give us something authorita- tive, something that can be quoted and used with confidence. They spent five or six months investigating that and other questions. At the end of the investigation the committee reported that I was wrong. Yes, that joint committee of Congress reported that out of the dollar which the laboring man pays for products of the farm the farmer gets 37 cents. Cost of Distribution Is Excessive When you turn that proposition around, and the farmer becomes the customer of labor, buying in the United States more than 50 per cent of the industrial products, you will find the same result. The farmer must have equipment for his farm, and in addition must have equipment for his personal use, his home and his family, and that makes him a large buyer of all of it, and out of the dollar which the farmer pays for the products of labor the laboring man gets a little less than 35 cents. There are some other governments in the world that have figured out this question. There isn't any doubt that this cost of distribution is excessive in the United States. Every farmer knows it. Every laboring man knows it. They have not stopped with finding just the facts. They have gone ahead with the remedy, and what is the remedy? It is economic co-operation, the producers and the consumers co-operating on the Rochdale plan. 380 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Who invented that theory? It wasn't the farmers at all, it was labor that started that theory. They invented it. Twenty-eight poor flannel weavers of Rochdale in 1843 began saving their pennies and in a year they had saved a pound apiece, and then they started a consumers' co- operative store. That store started so modestly has grown until today it has a membership of 4,000,000 families. It has 1,500 of these societies in Great Britain. It has the greatest wholesale establishment in the world and it has the greatest wholesale store in the world in Scotland. They carried the idea to Denmark. What happened over there? The farmers, after organizing their co-operative societies, decided they would organize the government, too, and they elected a majority of that parliament in both houses. They established the best government-con- trolled land credit system in the world. When those chaps began about eighty-five families owned 95 per cent of the land, and today 89.9 per cent of the farmers own and operate their farms, because they established a credit system which furnished them money to buy those farms. Somebody or Something Should Be Amended I have been sizing up those chaps who want to keep producing labor of one kind fighting producing labor of another kind. As I have got it figured out about 40 per cent of our people — maybe a little more than that — may be rated as farmers; about 35 per cent rated as hand-workers, and about 15 per cent as brain-workers who earn their living by brain work just as honestly as any hand-worker, and then there is about 10 per cent of middlemen and capitalists and profiteers. According to estimates the farmers of the country have an investment of about eighty billion dollars, but it has shrunk down a good deal since the Federal Reserve turned us over; but even at that it is less than a per capita proportion of the wealth of the country. These 35 per cent of laborers have still less proportion of the capital, or the 50 per cent including the brain-workers with them. We do find, however, that the 10 per cent has more than half of the national wealth, and considerably more than half of the national net income. Now it occurs to me that while we have got things arranged on that basis these chaps with such large net incomes should pay some of the taxes. We passed an amendment to the constitution of the United States providing for the taxing of incomes. Then they passed an opinion of the supreme court that you couldn't tax a stock dividend. I guess we will have to amend the constitution of the United States again or else amend the supreme court, I don't know which. I tried to amend the court a little the other day, but got licked on it. Swatting the Standard Oil Company Now I am going to call your attention to some of the things that have happened along this line in the United States recently. I sent over to the Federal Trade Commission for an official statement on this question, and I am in receipt of the tabulated list of stock dividends declared in the year 1922 by 328 companies, and they amount to $2,149,151,425. If you go down through the whole list of 328 companies you can put the manager of any one of these outfits on the witness stand and prove be- REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 381 yond a reasonable doubt that the interests of the farmer and the labor- ing man are antagonistic and they ought to fight. Just wait until we find out fully and get fully organized so we will know whose interests are at stake, and we will show these fellows where to head in. There is probably only one way to get these chaps now, and that is by taxing back into the treasury of the United States these sums which they have taken from you by economic power. I am in favor of trying to do that. We will do it by statute, if we can, and then if the court holds the statute unconstitutional, as a lot of these courts do, we will amend the constitution — do you see? The best provision in the constitution of the United States, the best provision in any constitution, is the one that provides for its amendment. Remember that. Why, the fathers amended our constitution ten times themselves in the first Congress after its adoption, and those are the amendments that really give us the bill of rights under the constitution. It is time for us to look these matters up a little. It is time for us to figure out our own proposition a little. As I told you, we have just been investigating some of these big companies in the oil business. I remem- ber a good many years ago I helped to stir up a little lawsuit on the question of rates down at Kansas City. We held the first hearing there on the discrimination of the Standard Oil Company against the inde- pendents, and it stirred up a great breeze, and the investigations then went all over the United States and they finally resulted in the Attorney General bringing an action and the court dissolving the Standard Oil Company into its component parts. Well, I had three of those companies in before the manufacturers' com- mittee since I have been down there to find out what the effect of my good work had been, and, do you know, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey with its $125,000 a year president — a man who could be duplicated many times right here in this crowd, able but not more able than hundreds of others everywhere — ever since we succeeded in dis- solving that outfit and stopping that monopoly, has earned more than 56 per cent a year on their whole tremendous capitalization. I don't know whether I did any good or not, in dissolving that outfit. Would Turn the Rascals Out ^ We are not going to do any good as long as the Congress of the United States is influenced so much by those big interests. We are not going to do any good until we get a majority of fellows in both houses of Con- gress who are willing to look at this from the standpoint of the common man and to provide the legal methods that will stop this taxation without representation. I am going over to New York in a few days to talk to that crowd over there. I don't know whether I will get out alive or not. I will tackle it once, anyhow. And then after it is over I am going back again, and the next time I go back I am going to see the farmers and the laboring peo- ple. I want to see your Farm Bureau and your Grange, Mr. Bradfute, and I want to see the State Federation of Labor, and I want to see the American Legion and the Spanish War Veterans, and I want to see all of those crowds. There is enough in common in all those organizations 382 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V that they ought to be working together. They ought to turn these fel- lows out of Congress that see everything through Standard Oil and rail- road spectacles. PUBLIC INTEREST AND RAILROAD VALUATION BY DWIGHT N. LEWIS Member Iowa Railway Commission There has been much said about the Esch-Cummins law. Several things in the law need amendment, and it is my opinion that, sooner or later, Congress will enact those amendments. There has been much hue and cry that the powers of State commissions have been taken from them. It did look that way for a long time, and our friends of the Interstate Commerce Commission seemed to be obsessed with that very thought. The passage of the law upon which they based their assump- tion should be cleared up, and I have already seen an amendment pro- posed by Senator Cummins that will clear it up. But today there is little or no conflict of authority between the Interstate Commerce Commission and the various State commissions, ana we are functioning exactly as we did before the war. We have materially reduced the Iowa Intrastate coal rates, as well as the rates on sand, gravel, crushed stone and other road and commercial building materials, and we have on our docket for hearing the rates with- in Iowa on grain and its products, and brick and tile. The railroad com- panies have promptly put our reduced rates into effect. We are still making orders relative to train service, station conditions, elevator sites, distribution of cars, etc., etc. In fact we are functioning 100 per cent. Not Easy to Fix Valuations You have heard of the so-called guaranty clause of the Esch-Cummins Law. The rate of return provided in Section 15-A was not a guaranty, but a direction to the Interstate Commerce Commission to fix such rates as would until March 1, 1922, in their judgment, make a return of 5V2 per cent of the value of the railroad property used in transportation. Not upon capital stock, dry or watered, nor upon bonds, nor debentures, nor anything else, save and excepting the value, not of all of the rail- road property, but of that property belonging to the railroad company used in transportation service. In endeavoring to arrive at the valuation the Interstate Commerce Commission was besought by the railroad companies to make such valua- tion about twenty billion dollars. Some shipping interests thought six- teen billion would be about right. The Interstate Commerce Commission practically ignored representations made by interested parties, and fell back upon their own valuation work, so I have been informed, and made such deductions therefrom as they believed warranted them in fixing a tentative valuation of eighteen billion nine hundred million dollars. Nobody has claimed that these figures are accurate, least of all the Interstate Commerce Commission, but the best they could do under the circumstances. When the valuation work has been completed, and, REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 383 after hearing finally adopted, then we shall have figures that will enable regulatory and tax-assessing bodies to work intelligently. In the mean- time the work of valuation is progressing satisfactorily, although it does seem slow to those who are anxious to get results. * Endless Amount of Work Involved The task of evaluating the railroads is an enormous one. Holes must be made in ballast to determine the condition of it; ties and rails must be inspected; bridges carefully analyzed; station houses and other build- ings valued after careful auditing. Nothing may escape the closest scrutiny, and that is what the agents of the Interstate Commerce Com- mission have been doing for many years, until at last the field work; has been practically completed, at a cost to date of about $24,000,000. The railroad companies in making their figures have spent approximately $65,000,000, and many states, including Iowa, have spent varying sums in checking up the work. In Iowa the work has been devoted exclusively to checking of land values, and it has produced some very interesting situations. If any of you are interested, our valuation department will be glad to give you more detailed information. In my opinion our work has already saved Iowa hundreds of thousands of dollars on railroad valuations, and I am hoping the Fortieth Assembly now in session will appreciate the impor- tance of this work and provide as liberally as possible for its continu- ance. The valuation of rail properties when completed will not only enable the railroad commissions and the Interstate Commerce Commission to intelligently fix just, fair, and reasonable rates hut be of the utmost im- portance to our State Executive Council in fixing the assessments of railroad properties in the state. It will do away with litigation that has plagued our state with costs of thousands of dollars. Rock Island Asks Big Increase The federal statute requires the Interstate Commerce Commission to fix final valuation by states, and a resolution recently passed by the United States Senate provides among other things that "The Commis- sion report the amount of the value of each of the railroads in each state, respectively, so far as the same has been compiled." Just now the Rock Island Railway valuation is before the Interstate Commerce Commission. In this case the railway company is demand- ing an increase of more than eighty-two million dollars in the Interstate Commissions reported reproduction cost new, and of practically ninety- nine million dollars in present values of lands, other increases bringing the total increased valuation asked to $208,463,716. The valuation of this property is of particular value to Iowa, so our state commission has been in the thick of the fight. While there have already been other valua- tion cases of importance, this is the first involving a great railroad sys- tem. It has been selected by the valuation committee of the national association and the group of state railroad commissions which are acting with it in valuation matters, as offering the best immediate opportunity for getting real results. 384 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V The states are being represented at this very important hearing by E. W. Reed, special valuation counsel of the Valuation Committee of the National Association of Railway and Utility Commissioners; by John E. Benton, General Solicitor of the National Association; J. H. Ralls, valuation attorney of our commission, and J. E. Eubank, valuation expert of the Iowa Commission. Their work has been especially commended. Interests of Public Not Neglected I am here to assert that the interests of the public are being presented to the Interstate Commission effectively and efficiently in the pending Rock Island hearing, the only one in which Iowa has any direct interest that has yet come before the commission for final hearing. I am proud of the record the Iowa Commission has made in these valua- tion matters under the leadership of Commissioner Woodruff, and want to assure you that no one is asleep at the switch in reference to valua- tion of Iowa railroads. A NEW LEASE ON LIFE J BY MRS. GENE CUTLER We are engaged in a great business. Two years ago I would have said occupation, but in that time the Farm Bureau has taught us that, we have a Business — the biggest business in the United States. Usually when we speak of Big Business we get a picture, perhaps, of tall buildings, inside of which are well-dressed men and women, held aloof from the rest of the world by iron gratings, and occasionally we hear the clink of gold and silver. Or perhaps we get a picture of massive structures of stone or brick alongside mammoth smokestacks, from which pour great clouds of soot and blackness to soil the world. These are the factories, and we say they are Big Business. Or we see shining rails and locomotives, and they symbolize our transportation system, and we call it Big Business. What we should see is a broad stretch of hills and valleys covered with Iowa's tall corn, Oregon's wheat, the cotton and tobacco of Texas and Virginia, and the corn and oats of the East. Here and there are cottages and bungalows, with a few houses of commodious type, all housing farmers and their families, each a small part of that Biggest Business in the United States — Agriculture. Represents Heavy Investment The value of all farms and farm property is twice that invested in all the manufacturing industries. It is four times the Interstate Commerce Commission valuation of all the railroads, and twelve times that of the capital, surplus and undivided profits of all the banks in the United States. We have always been Big Business, but we have just learned to see ourselves collectively and appreciate that. We are the basic industry and produce 80 per cent of the wealth every year. City-built industries can never become greater than agriculture because they are only monuments of margins. These city-built industries become top- heavy and burdensome. That is the thing we are suffering from now, REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 385 and it is up to us, folks, to change these conditions, to make agriculture really profitable so that it can take its place at the head of Big Busi- ness where it belongs. For years we have gone on trying to make a living under handicaps that might just as well have been removed, only there was no one to do it for us. We have as a nation built up our manufacturing indus- tries, subsidized our railroads, fostered most everything except agricul- ture. We took the course of least resistance to keep peace. Have Three Important Lines of Work Conditions have changed. Our free lands of the West are gone. We have robbed our soil unmercifully, and now we face the task of making a living where we are, right on this soil that we have been robbing year after year. Not only that but our children must live on it. We didnt like the deflation. We haven't believed that it was an unavoidable result of the war, but the fact remains that we took it. We have met thei emergency. We have liquidated until it hurts, and we say never again will we trust our business entirely to the other fellow. Legislation, finance and marketing are our three big lines of work. We are not so foolish as to believe that we can legislate wealth, but we do believe that legislation can distribute wealth, and in order that we may have a square deal — we don't ask for anything else — we have our representatives working for us in legislative halls, both here and in Washington. They have already done a lot of things for us, and are in a position to do more. For one thing never before have we had the data to work with that our representatives have now. Then, too, we now have men working for us who really understand farm condi- tions, who know our problems and can speak for us with intelligence. Better Methods Coming Into Favor We want a different credit system. I am no banker. Maybe I don't know much about credit, but I do know that we can't raise cattle on thirty-day paper. In Iowa we do real farming. We need a longer credit system, and I don't believe we are going to stop until we get it. If we have to build it ourselves, why, we will just remember that we are the biggest business in the United States, and gathering new confidence and strength from the thought we will keep at it until we have it built. It may take time; it may take courage to stand by the thing when it looks hard; we may suffer while we are waiting for it, but back of the system we will stand until we have a financial system that fits our need. Traditions are being shattered. Old farming methods are being thrown upon the scrap heap and better methods substituted. Use of the pencil and record book are helping to bring these changes. We don't like to bother with figures after we have already done a big day's work, but we must come to it. In every locality there are at least a half dozen men who will tell you that they are raising the best type of corn in that locality. A test plot with records names the winner, and immediately all of the half dozen, and others, begin raising the best kind of corn. 386 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Farm Bureau Develops Community Spirit Among other things we have learned in the last few years is that what is good for us is good for our neighbors. We have come to think of our community as that larger home of ours, and real community spirit is being developed. We are beginning to see ourselves as a collective unit, just as a city does, and we are willing to bind ourselves together for mutual advantage, as the city or town does. If we are to develop this community spirit we must have a social cen- ter, and right here the township Farm Bureau fills a long-felt want. In some localities we have had older farm organizations to pave the way for community activities, but it happened that we did not have any in our locality until the Farm Bureau was organized on a community basis a few years ago, and as I look back at it all it seems rather remarkable that we are already taking for granted the community meetings that we talked about and looked forward to for so many years. This Farm Bureau meeting which we have once a month or more is broadening our lives and reshaping agriculture in Iowa. I believe we must give the social gatherings of the Farm Bureau a great deal of credit for coming through the past few discouraging years with high courage. We are learning the fundamentals of co-operation at these meetings. We are learning that co-operation is putting ourselves in a condition so that others can work with us. This is the foundation of our organization. No other organization is built from the bottom this way, built on mutual understanding, a mutual desire to sacrifice for and be helpful to each other. Work of Farm Bureau Women Recognized Farm problems will be solved by government and by legislation, but back of that, and acting as a guiding spirit and steadying hand, must be the farm folks themselves, thinking and working and playing harmoni- ously together, until agriculture is in its rightful relation socially as well as economically with other industries. Closely linked up with and re- flecting and intensifying the wholesome atmosphere of that new kind of community that is being developed, is coming the better homes for which the men and women of Iowa are striving, and which we must have if we are to compete effectively with the city. In the Farm Bureau all the work of the men and women is done side by side. It is a partnership arrangement all the way through, where they are working on an equal footing. This is made possible, inasmuch as no discrimination has been made in the selection of officers, in county, state or national organizations. More than that, home and community work has been made a regular department of its program. Last year the women of Iowa did a splendid piece of work, and you men have been generous in your recognition of it. We feel that in your recognition and appreciation we have fallen into congenial step that speaks well for the future of the Farm Bureau. Beauty a Tonic to the Soul There is one value common to all project work that we get in addition to the direct benefit derived. In every well-organized project a number REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 387 of women are organizing and teaching other groups, so that all the time leadership is being developed, and this leadership is being used to advan- tage all through the Farm Bureau movement. Many townships seemed dead until some woman or group of women got behind the activities. And in our project work we are not forgetting to add beauty to the farm home. A rose in every dooryard has become the slogan in the home-beautifying contest just beginning to receive real attention in Iowa. We have known all along, but are sometimes too busy to remember, that beauty is a tonic to the soul. Pretty things to wear, attractive homes, flowers, pictures, and the thousand other little things which we see and work with every day are the most important factors leading to hap- piness and contentment. After all that is the reason why we want a larger income, the reason why we learn to save time by becoming more efficient home makers, that we may have more time to devote to our families. Let us strike the "only a farmer" attitude on the head and bury it. Farming is the biggest business in the United States, and we have no problems that we cannot solve if we go at them intelligently and in a co-operative way. Let us throw away our old attitude toward the exten- sion service and our agricultural college. For years we educated doctors and lawyers at public expense before we began to educate farmers. Our attitude toward the necessity for organizing is changing. We have come to accept the fact that we must be organized if we expect to meet success. We cannot exist in an unorganized state, and we need to throw away the last remnant of suspicion toward our neighbor, and, joining hands with him continue in the triumphant march toward the better and grander things of organized agriculture. CREDIT, FINANCE AND CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING BY O. E. BRADFUTE President American Farm Bureau Federation As farmers we can just as well face facts as we find them, and our job as Farm Bureau members is to try as best we can to find the true causes underlying such conditions, and plan methods to help solve the difficulties. The underlying causes seem to be in large measure attribut- able to the following conditions: Over-production of farm products with no adequate or profitable demand to consume the surplus which must now go for export. No method of limiting or controlling the surplus. No method of orderly marketing and ditribution through the year. Lack of established grades and regular market for these grades. Transportation inadequate for the needs of agriculture and at a ruinous cost. A financial and credit system without sufficient flexibility to meet the needs of agriculture. Discrimination in Interest Rates No method should ever be adopted which will make it easy for the farmer to go in debt, or to advance him money without proper and suffi- 388 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V cient security for the loan. But it is unreasonable that the farmer should pay from 8 to 15 per cent for his advances while the distributors of his products and other industries whose products he buys get their loans for from 41/& to 6 per cent. The farmer must have the same chances to draw from the great reservoirs of money as are open to others, and with sufficient time limits to meet the needs of his business. Taking 1913 as a 100 base index number we find that in August, 1922, the index number of freight rates on non-agricultural products is 151 while prices on non-agricultural products is 206. Freight rates on agricultural products is 155, with prices on agricultural products is 117. Moreover, the purchasing power of freight rates on non-agricultural prod- ucts expressed in terms of prices on same products is 73, while pur- chasing power of freight rates on agricultural products in terms of prices on such products is 133. Thus expressed, non-agricultural products have almost doubled the advantage of agricultural products in rates. Let us go further in expressing some of these things in terms of corn. In 1913 the freight revenue per ton would buy 1.4 bushels of corn but in 1921 would buy 3.1 bushels. The yearly earnings of a railroad employe would buy 1,492 bushels of your corn in 1913, but will now buy over 4,000 bushels of your corn. Need More Harmony Between Co-operatives Co-operative marketing of farm products is no longer an experiment, but is now an established fact and approved by business men and finan- ciers of the highest type. The experience of those farmers engaged therein is such as to commend co-operative marketing most highly as a satisfactory and profitable method of marketing farm products. The number of such marketing organizations is increasing every week, and there are now more or less active some sixteen or eighteen thousand co-operative marketing organizations engaged in handling farm products throughout the United States, and the most reliable figures obtainable show that they are doing a business of well over a billion dollars annu- ally. There are now over two hundred co-operatives which cover an entire district, or state, or even more than one state in their operations. The result, however, with such a great number of small associations is that they themselves become competitors with each other. They should be co-ordinated and correlated in such a way as to lead to real co-operation, and also in order to reduce the great and unnecessary overhead expense of each. While the requirements of different farm products and different sections of the country may make it necessary to work under somewhat different rules, there are certain underlying principles which are common to all and might well be handled by some acceptable organization whicn is prepared to render such service as may be in common demand by ail. Marketing to Be Leading Project It will interest you to know that in compliance with the resolutions adopted at the last annual meeting of the American Farm Bureau Fed- eration there has been established a co-operative marketing department in our Federation, and on Monday of this week Mr. Walton Peteet was REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 389 engaged as director of this department and will begin his work February 1. We believe him to be the best qualified and most competent man available for this job to be had in America, and I bespeak for him the most hearty and generous support on behalf of the farmers of Iowa. The departments of Administration, Relations or Organization, Informa- tion, Transportation, Research, and Legislation, of the American Federa- tion are each pledged to lend valiant assistance to the Co-operative Mar- keting Department, and all the forces of the present administration will be centered around the great project of co-operative marketing. Permit me to say to the farmers of Iowa that great and useful machines are being set up by your County, State and National Farm Bureau, but they will do you little good as individual farmers if you do not use them. The Farm Bureau is built on the cafeteria plan, so you must help yourselves. Let us therefore as farmers work together for the good of each, and thereby for the good of our state and nation in order that we may have better schools, better churches and better homes in which may dwell a happy, contented and prosperous people. CHICAGO PRODUCERS' COMMISSION ASSOCIATION BY A. SYKES Something like eighteen months ago there was appointed what was known as the Livestock Committee of Fifteen. Out of the work of that committee has come the National Livestock Producers' Association. The first selling agency, or commission company, established by the Pro- ducers' Association was at St. Louis on the first day of January, 1922. Then followed the house at Indianapolis, and next the Chicago house, of which I happen to be president. All of these selling agencies or com- mission companies are organized strictly on a co-operative basis. Now, there is one thing I want you to understand, and that is that we are talking about the co-operative marketing of livestock. Another thiug I want you to understand clearly, is that co-operative marketing of live- stock doesn't simply mean the formation of a co-operative shipping asso- ciation, and then continuing to ship your stock to the old-line livestock concerns, because the formation of your co-operative shipping associa- tion is only the starting point of co-operative marketing of livestock. Plan Will Succeed With Proper Support A lot of people have the idea that the only thing there is to the co- operative marketing of livestock is the formation of a co-operative ship- ping association back in the country. It is not my thought to abuse any- body, but I want to call your attention to the fact that you will never market your stock co-operatively and successfully until you learn to carry it clear through. The Committee of Fifteen gave this question serious consideration. It undertook to work out a plan, not only for Iowa but for the entire coun- try. The plan is not perfect. At the time it was offered it was the best we could do. But we believe it is big enough and broad enough to take us all in, and we believe that if it is followed and supported by the men back in the country that it will prove sufficient and in time will bring 390 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V about the very things the Committee of Fifteen realized are necessary to make the co-operative marketing of livestock a success. The National Livestock Producers' Association acts in an advisory capacity over the various terminal market associations. Each terminal association is a member of the National Livestock Producers' Associa- tion, and contributes 50 cents a car to its support. At the present time the Association has established selling agencies at St. Louis, Chicago, Indianapolis, Peoria, Buffalo and Fort Worth, and is considering similar agencies at Sioux City, Cleveland and Buffalo. Business Shows Consistent Growth Now about our Chicago house and our experience in the Chicago yards. I talk to you about Chicago because that is our market, Iowa furnishing about 40 per cent of the receipts at the Chicago yards. We opened there for business June 19, 1922. The first ten days, June 19 to June 30, we received 177 cars of stock. In July we received 549 cars. In August we had 561 cars. In September, which as you all know is a light month, we had 439 cars. October 541 cars. In November we received 800 cars. In December 963 cars. These figures, you will note, show a healthy increase right from the time we opened for business. In November we had 172 straight loads and 628 loads of co-operative stuff. That is, one- fifth of our business at the present time runs to straight loads, the bal- ance being made up of shipments that contain two or more owners — sometimes as high as thirty. The total number of owners represented in the November receipts was 5,289. During December we received 194 straight cars and 729 co-operative loads. The percentage of straight cars in December was about the same as in November, a total of 936 cars, representing 6,012 owners, with an average of 7.8 persons to the car. The value of business done the first six months — up to December 19 — was $5,200,000. During December we ranked from second to fourth place in total number of cars received, and have stood first on hogs for the last three months. During the past week we received 246 cars and stood in first place on both hogs and the total number of cars received. This gives you some idea of the volume of business handled at Chicago by the Producers the last six months. Firm Has Wide Outlet for Stock Now, we have had some problems to solve. Some of you men know that years ago we attempted to operate a co-operative livestock com- mission company at Chicago. For various reasons we found it impracti- cable and had to close. In other words we were forced out and had to quit. We have not encountered as stringent opposition as the old co- operative concern had to face, but we did encounter severe competition at first, and no doubt that was responsible for some of the criticism that we received from shippers over this state. But we are getting along nicely now. We sell to everybody that is responsible that the others sell to. We have the same competition in our buying alleys that the old-line companies have, and there is no re- striction so far as our company is concerned. This is due largely to the Packer and Stockyards Act enacted by Congress, which, under the su- REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 391 pervision of the Secretary of Agriculture, has done away with many of the practices followed in the old days of the original co-operative commis- sion company that we undertook to operate in Chicago. This law has furnished the protection we lacked then. No Discrimination Against Company The first four weeks in Chicago we operated almost exclusively with the packer (buyers because the other fellows were afraid to trade with us. But that is all done away with. Everybody trades with us, without regard to whether we have a membership in the Livestock Exchange. The market is open to us, and we trade with the eastern order buyer, the shipper and all. We are getting along just the same as the other firms. Our salesmen sell to shippers and eastern order buyers just like the old-line firms are doing. For a number of weeks our sales of hogs to outside buyers ranged as high as 45 per cent. Now, this organization has been placed in Chicago for the benefit of the producers of the country. It is your organization. It doesn't belong to dny board of directors, to the manager nor to anybody else. It be- longs to the producers of the country. It is there to assist you in the co-operative marketing of your livestock. And I want to impress upon your minds here today the importance of patronizing your own organi- zation. That is the big thing. If you don't help support it your influ- ence goes to help to destroy it. After the Farm Bureau Federations have gone as far as they have in establishing these co-operative mar- keting agencies you certainly cannot refuse to patronize them. Salesmen Are the Best Obtainable Next comes the question of equipment. Our salesmen are among tne very best to be found in the yards — they don't take a back seat in any of the departments. Our head cattle salesman bought for Swift and Company about fifteen years. He was also with Clay Robinson sev- eral years, resigning his position to go into business on his own account, and was operating for himself when we took him over. Our butcher cattle salesman is a man of the same type, although younger. He has not been in the yards so long, but has handled cattle for ten or twelve years, and has been connected with some of the best firms at the yards. Our hog salesmen are the same class of men. Our head hog man has more than twenty years' experience in the yards. He knows hogs. On January 10 we took on our third hog salesman, took him from Morris and Company. He had been one of their hog buyers for eight or ten years. Our hog business increased to such an extent that we had to add a third alley and a third salesman to handle it. That is the class of men who handle your livestock when it goes to the Chicago Live- stock Producers' Association. Men of high caliber, men who know live- stock, men who can sell your stock for all that it is worth. Refund Not the Important Thing I suppose you want to know what benefit you are going to get out of this thing. You men who have been patronizing it know that you will get a part of your commission back. From the very first our house at Chicago has operated at a profit. Some months a bigger profit than 392 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V others, of course. At the close of the year's business we are going to prorate back whatever the board sees fit to set aside for that purpose. I presume it will retain and build up something in the form of a reserve. You wouldn't want to do business with a bank that had no reserve back of it. It is the same with a co-operative commission company. You want a company with a reserve back of it to protect it in time of trouble. But whatever may be refunded to you on commission charges will be insignificant compared to what we hope to work out in the marketing of livestock in the future, and what the Committee of Fifteen hoped to ac- complish. The thought that has been in the minds of the men who have made this question a study for years, that there should be some way by which we could establish the orderly marketing of livestock, and to pre- vent the violent price fluctuations that characterize the business. Success Depends on the Producers Now, the last word I want to leave with you people is this: that you patronize your co-operative marketing agencies. You will never get anywhere unless you do. The Farm Bureau hadn't any other thought in mind than to establish these agencies for the benefit of the producers of the country. They have gone to the expense, giving time and effort and thought, in order that the producers might be benefited. And the only way this can be done is through the support and patronage of the producers themselves. EDUCATION AND AGRICULTURE BY DR. R. A. PEARSON It seems to me that two great lessons have come out of the experi- ence of these past two years. The public has learned a lesson and the farmers have learned a lesson, and both lessons should last a long time. The public, especially the people in the cities, have learned more than they ever knew before about the bigness and importance of agriculture. They have always admitted that it is a great industry but many of these admissions were of the character of good natured flattery for the peopie engaged in the kind of work that used to be done by the fathers and grandfathers of the city folks. Many residents of cities have looked upon agriculture as a sort of spon- taneous source of food. They always did get their food, and plenty of it, and they saw no reason why that happy condition should not con- tinue. They just naturally expected it would continue. Our city friends have learned something about the fundamental char- acter of agriculture. Some comments that are like real wheat have appeared in the news and editorial columns of our great newspapers and in magazine articles and in official actions of our law-making bodies. To bring about this appreciation it seemed to be necessary for some large interests in great business centers to suffer a bit, because of the agricul- tural depression, and this has happened. Need More Knowledge of Agriculture With their new knowledge the people have willingly enacted legislation which was fair and just to the farmers and which should have been REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 393 enacted long ago and would have been if the importance had been under- stood then as now. We want the men, women, and children of our cities to know how big agriculture is. They generally think of the wheat crop. Many of them today would tell you it is the most important agricultural product in the United States. We want them to know that the corn crop is three to four times as big, and that the dairy products -made in one year in the United States are worth enough to buy three national wheat crops, and that it would require all of the gold produced by all the mines in the United States during the last forty-five years to buy the milk and products of milk that are made in the United States in one year. We want the public to know that according to the latest census figures the value of agricultural products of the United States was over twenty- one billion dollars. This is more than the total value of all the auto- mobiles made in the same year, plus all the men's and women's clothing, plus all the cotton goods, plus all the foundry products, plus all the iron and steel manufactured products, plus all the flour mill products, and plus all the slaughtering and meat packing products. When one begins to talk about agriculture in the United States or in Iowa he has to use big figures. Agriculture Needs Special Credit System One result of public appreciation of the agricultural industry is the enactment of better agricultural credit legislation than we have ever seen. In the past the law makers representing the public have appre- ciated that storekeepers and manufacturers needed credit. A system very nicely adjusted to their requirements was worked out and fixed by the law of the land. Their period of turnover is short and they want loans for sixty to ninety days, and they have been accommodated. Farmers could get loans under provisions of the same laws but the farmer's period of turnover varies from six months to about three years. A three months loan for a breeder of live stock is not much help. We had to wait a long, long time for this to get into the consciousness of the public to the extent that legislation resulted. I hope it will not take much more time for the farmers to get the con- sideration they deserve in connection with tariff legislation. Tariff laws are enacted and repealed apparently without regard to the time element required for agricultural adjustments. A merchant or a manufacturer can adjust himself to a new tariff law which will become effective one or two or three months hence, but the farmer is helpless. He can neither make nor destroy a flock of sheep in that short period of time. He should have special consideration. Farmers Must Plan Own Remedies The great lesson learned by the farmers of our country from the ex- periences of the past two years is that they must give more attention to looking after their own interests. The Farm Bureau has made a splendid record. Farmers now know they must take the lead in plan- ning and putting remedies into effect. Organization is the first essential. It seems that every interest, large or small, is more or less organized. 394 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V The farmers' organizations should correspond with the importance of their industry. These organizations should not exhaust any of their strength by working against each other. They should agree on great principles and work together for them. Problems requiring the best thought and the concentrated energy of the farmers of the country include taxes, railroad rates, high costs of commodities, credits, tariff, high costs of marketing and low prices of farm products. The chief problem and the one which embraces most of the others is the narrow margin between cost of production and sell- ing price. In too many cases there is no margin or it is negative. Education Pays Large Dividends I While legislation and co-operation are vital to agricultural success, I believe that the largest benefit may come from individual effort. It is this that explains the difference in the success between two men. One grocer succeeds, another fails, though they start with equal capital and equal opportunity. One farmer goes ahead while another stands still or loses ground, though they had the same advantages in starting. It is so in every activity in life. The greatest need of the less successful person is the use of better methods. This means more knowledge or more ambition or both. The remedy is largely through education. Education pays large dividends to the individual and the state. A farmer plants clover and it will not grow. He knows that clover collects nitrogen from the air and he needs nitrogen and it is expensive when purchased in sacks. But his clover would not grow. Again he tries and again he loses his seed. Finally a neighbor comes to his rescue and tells him to use lime. What is this knowledge worth? He has lost two seed- ings and two years of time and the benefits which should come to other crops for two years. Two farmers discuss the cost of raising pigs. They cannot agree and they decide to keep careful records of all expenses. At the end of the season they compare notes and find that the average cost on one farm was seven cents per pound and on the other ten cents, and the market was nine cents. They compare notes. The first one tells the other how he feeds and cares for his stock. The second farmer uses this knowledge the next year and gets his cost of production two cents below the sale price. How much is that knowledge worth to the second man? Carelessness and Poor Methods Mean Loss The cash value of knowledge to the farmers of any state is simply above estimation. There are thousands of exhibits among the better farmers of Iowa to prove this statement to the satisfaction of anyone. But some people think that knowledge which increases production is detrimental because the increase of production tends to reduce prices. There is enough truth in this to give it currency but not enough to entitle it to credence. If the farmers of Iowa can, by the use of better methods, increase their corn crop 10 per cent without increase of costs of production, then they have decreased the cost of producing one bushel of corn about 10 per cent. Does anyone think that a 10 per cent increase of the corn crop of Iowa would materially affect the price of REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 395 corn in the United States? Would forty-five million additional bushels of corn in Iowa materially affect the price of a crop aggregating three billion bushels? The main thought is this, that in other states and in other countries extensive efforts are being made to devise and extend better methods of production, thus tending to reduce costs. If by chance unusually good weather prevails, which is the chief factor leading to over-production, and crops are increased to the extent that prices are severely reduced, then who suffers most and who suffers last? That farmer or that community or that state or nation that did not use the best and most economical methods of production will be the chief sufferer, and some of them will quit the business. That farmer or community or state or nation that did produce at least cost will suffer the least. The fear of extending educa- tion because it will increase production and reduce prices is a scarecrow. Be not deceived. The farmer who produces at least cost because of his superior knowledge and ability is the farmer who is in best condition, whether prices are high or low. Knowledge is one commodity of whicn we are not afraid of having too much in Iowa. If we are to maintain good prices of our lands and make good profits, our methods in agricul- ture must be superior to others. Autos Cost More Than Schools Besides paying dividends in cash, education has other large values. If it is the right kind of education it helps us to know ourselves better and to better understand our neighbors, and it helps us to be better citi- zens. The splendid school system that is being built in this state is evidence of what Iowa people think of education. We have invested in school buildings in Iowa less than half as much as the value of our automobiles. The schools are getting better but even yet there are thousands of farm- communities where the same little one room school- house is serving that has served for a dozen years. Consolidated schools afford an opportunity for great improvement. They may make it possible for the country child to secure as good a common school education as the city child. But care should be taken not to es- tablish these schools until they are justified and then to see that their influence is not detrimental to farm life. The best assurance for the right kind of influence in a rural school is a right attitude toward agri- culture on the part of the teachers. This comes from experience on the farm, and it means sympathy for farm people, a liking for country life, appreciation of the importance of agriculture and realization of the pos- sibilities of developing in the country the principles of right living and sound citizenship. In every consolidated school such leadership should be ielt. Some persons even yet, with all the development of agricultural science and its wide applications, think that agricultural education is an inferior sort of training and that it is not as worthy or as dignified as education in medicine, liberal arts, engineering, or law. The person who is edu- cated in agriculture must have a wide variety of knowledge, especially concerning the laws of Nature, — the laws that are made by the allwise Creator. He must know the laws that govern the growth and control of harmful and helpful bacteria, and a hundred ocher such things. 396 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Educational Privileges for Farmers Can anyone truthfully say that it is less dignified or less worthy to be an interpreter of laws which God made than it is to interpret the laws that man made? I think it is as dignified to understand the laws that govern deadly conflicts between bacteria in the soil as to understand, the laws relating to upkeep of fences or trespass on the top of the soil. When the difficulties and the intricacies of agriculture are considered in connection with other industries, no one can truthfully say that the people engaged in agriculture are any less in need of education than are those in other kinds of work. It is fortunate that in agriculture one is able to get much knowledge through his own observation and efforts. Perhaps someone has wondered why I have talked so long without mentioning Iowa State College. It is because I have had something larger in mind. The college is only an instrument to help promote the best things that I have been discussing. It does so through research and education. Carefully trained experts are hunting for new and better ways of doing things. Much of their time is given to devising methods to combat new and unexpected difficulties which appear too often at the farmer's back door or in his field. The educational work is conducted through a great student body, including a considerable group of young men and women from every county of the state. The educational work is conducted, also, through the extension service which reaches all parts of the state and many thousands of people. Extension Work Reaches Far Fields About 4,000 young folks are in the college at Ames and more than half of them are studying agriculture to become farmers or home economics to become teachers and home makers; the others are taking engineer- ing, industrial science and veterinary medicine. It costs the state about one dollar to every three and one-half dollars that is costs the students or their parents, for this education. Does it not interest you to know that since the war, 1250 men who have been disabled in service have been trained by Iowa State College. Without this training some of these men would become public charges. Some of them now are better trained to make a living than they were before the war. Accurate records show that their training in the college, which averaged fifteen months duration, increased their earning capacity $364.00 per year which means over $450,000.00 increase of annual income for the entire number. The average farmer of Iowa this year is paying the equivalent of less than three cents per acre on his land as his entire share of maintaining Iowa State College, including all branches of work and some building operations. All farmers together thus pay about one million dollars. The extension service is in close contact with the farm bureaus throughout the state. What has been accomplished through the co-op-' eration of these two agencies is known to you. The reduction of costs of production, women's work, and boys' and girls' clubs with over 17,000 enrolled members, need not be discussed here. That this work is appre- REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 397 ciated can be shown in no better way than by the fact that it is so gen- erously supported by leading farmers who give their time to its promo- tion without salary and who contribute also toward the general costs of maintenance. College Working for Good of All We have been talking about what the state of Iowa is and this is an inspiring subject. Still more inspiring is the thought of what this state might be. Iowa State College, as a faithful instrument of the people, desires to co-operate in every way possible toward making Iowa still better and still greater. The chief pleasure in living comes with growth. You have ideas concerning the growth of your interests. The people of the state want the state to grow in things that are good. It is a priv- ilege to help bring this to pass. STATUS OF U. S. GRAIN GROWERS, INC. BY E. H. CUNNINGHAM You are all familiar with the report of the Committee of Seventeen, the subsequent adoption of that report, and the organization of a cor- poration with a governing body of twenty-one directors. It was organized in the Spring of 1921. It started to provide a sales agency through which farmers could co-operatively market grain. In May, 1922, a call went out for help. At the call of Mr. Hunt the Mid-West Farm Bureaus went into conference to consider to what extent the American Farm Bureau Federation and the Mid-West Farm Bureaus were obligated to see that the institution could be made to function. They decided that there was a moral obligation to do all they possibly could to save it. A creditors' committee was appointed, of which I happened to be a member, along with Mr. Hill of South Dakota and Mr. Coverdale. This committee undertook to get in contact with the creditors and get powers of attorney, or something, in order to keep them off the back of the institution until we could find out what the trouble was. Federations Asked to Take Charge That was in May. We went through the affairs of the institution from top to bottom, and we found out what had happened. We didn't find anything dishonest in the handling of affairs, but we did find it to be the most grossly mismanaged proposition that had ever sprung up, not ex- cepting some of the highpressure propositions that have gone to pieces. We found it in deplorable shape financially. The money had been spent. It owed about $394,000. It showed $285,000 deficit over and above assets. The problem was what ought to be done in the future. We granted the old board all the power, authority and time needed to straighten the thing up. Finally they came to us and said: "We have come to the end of the road, and the only suggestion we have to offer is to take it over "and reorganize it and see if you can save it." If you are inclined to criticize some one for stepping in, remember that the Federation had never stepped in or attempted to take charge of any 398 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V part of the institution until the board of directors and the executive committee themselves came and asked us in a written statement to come over and save the proposition. We found that the plan contemplated selling grain through some sort of co-operative agency. No attempt was made to build that agency, at least not in the beginning. The first thing was to go out and sign up the farmers by contract, more than 60,000 of them, and I will say frankly that it was wrong in principle to tie up 60,000 farmers scattered all over the country to contract for the sale of grain through a sales agency that didn't exist. Organization Proceeded on Wrong Basis Now, any time you neglect to apply sound business principles you get into the red, and, soon or later, you have to back up. That is what hap- pened, and my judgment is that we have got to back up completely and go out and set up these sales agencies — that is, provide a place for mar- keting this grain, and when we have them established to go to the co- operative elevator. By co-operative elevator I don't mean one under that name that is in the grain business as a speculator, but an elevator where the individual owners and customers are real co-operators. We have some problem there, but I believe the only sound policy is to back up and establish sales agencies. Following that idea we went to all the boards of trade and asked for seats on the exchange. The only place we got through was at Minne- apolis. There are 3,300 contracts in Minnesota and about 6,200 in North Dakota, and they should all function through that exchange at Minne- apolis. These contracts are with individuals, in some instances tied up to the elevators, but in a great many instances floating around Dakota. A certain percentage of the people move every year. In Minnesota and Dakota the proportion is larger than in Iowa. The result is that in Wash- ington, Montana, Oregon, Idaho, and in every little town in the Dakotas men can be found who are signers of these contracts, which were to be the foundation of the business and are now floating all over kingdom come. That is why I say the individual is not the man to tie this propo- sition to. This is a grain institution and it cannot be used for any othsr purpose. We must tie it to the co-operative elevator, because if 20, or 30, or 40 per cent of the membership around that elevator moves next spring it will be the business of the elevator to go out and get in con- tact with the new men that come into the community — obviously a thing the men at the Chicago office cannot do. Denied Seat on Grain Exchange Now, if we could go out and get fifty or seventy-five elevators in Illi- nois that are friendly, it would give us something to start with. The boards, generally speaking, are friendly but there is need of educational work with the managers. If we had fifty co-operative elevators in Minne- sota, and from fifty to one hundred here in Iowa we would have a nucleus around which to build a sales agency. We would be starting on the ground. We couldn't get seats on the exchange. We didn't go to the board and try to do anything out of the ordinary. We didn't undertake to get onto REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 399 the board of trade and then violate the rules. We made a straight-out application. That application was approved by the president of the board — and it was endorsed by vice president of the First National Bank of Chicago. We had some standing with those gentlemen who sponsored this application for a seat on the exchange. I didn't try to get a seat myself personally. I told the committee when they advised me to drop the application, or to withdraw it and put in a personal application and they would suspend the rules and get me a seat on the exchange, that I was acting for the farmers' organization and I expected to make good. Policy Not One of Destruction } So, they turned us down. The status is fixed. That was the real ob- ject in making them pass on it — to fix the status, to find out if they ever seriously contemplated letting us in there. Now the status is fixed and they say we cannot come in. I have accepted the challenge to fight it out on behalf of the farmers of this country. You stand behind this proposition and we will win. And we will win without destroying any- thing. We will not destroy the board of trade, we will not destroy a thing that is of any advantage in the marketing of grain. Confidence in the proposition has been shaken. There were two fac- tions on the board, and it became a question who would control the U. S. Grain Growers. They went out to the farmers for votes without regard to what happened. And it has all come about because we had an un- sound policy of proceeding in the Farm Bureau Federation. We encour- aged the Committee of. Seventeen and it worked out the plan. We car- ried them along with all the expense money they needed, and allowed them to function 100 per cent. They had the services of the best lawyers in the country, but when that child was born we left it to the tender mercies of anybody that wanted to jump on it. It also fell victim of the personal ambitions of several men on the board, and with all these diffi- culties the child couldn't live. To have permitted that policy to be followed was wrong for the Amer- ican Farm Bureau Federation. If we are going to encourage these organizations in the marketing of our products we have got to stand behind them and see that they function efficiently, so that nobody can disturb them. We have done it in the live stock business against the advice and prejudice of almost every shipper in the country, and we made it go because we drove it along roughshod over every obstacle that was put in its way. We believed it to be businesslike and sound, and we stayed by it, and gentlemen, it has won. The board of supervisors of the board of trade will not let you func- tion down there. They are fighting for their lives. How soon you can get a decision from the supreme court I do not know. We are going to attempt to build a sales agency, and we are going to have some more activity next week if we have your approval. RESOLUTIONS We, the members of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, in convention assembled at Des Moines, Iowa, January 12th, 1923, pledge our support to the principle of co-operation and to improve in every way possible the 400 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V agricultural interests of the great commonwealth of Iowa, economically, educationally and social through the united efforts of the County Farm Bureau. That we urge upon our members the necessity of real organization and call their attention to the work that has been done by other organizations through loyalty and earnest support given their organizations which have been grappling with their problems. That we believe programs of publicity based upon accomplishments of the Farm Bureau Federation — of which there is a proud list — will prove far more effective in gaining and holding the support of farmers than the exploitation of plans and untried theories. That if farm organizations and cooperative enterprises are to escape public disapproval the strictest economy and business judgment must be exercised in the preparation of budgets and the subsequent expenditure of funds. That we recommend the State and National Farm Bureau Federations exercise careful supervision of any cooperative marketing projects which they may promote, to the end that they be protected against extravagant and incompetent management. We oppose appropriations through Congress or otherwise for the in- auguration of new projects which require the state to co-operate on a fifty-fifty basis. That we condemn the exploitation of National natural resources for private gain, and urge a more active national policy of conservation to prevent waste and to curb mercenary motives. That we look with suspicion on all projects that need to be subsidized, and are unalterably opposed to the ship subsidy bill now before Congress. We recommend a budget law that will compel an estimate to be made in advance of all expenditures of public funds, and then prevent all boards or commissions from exceeding such estimate except in extreme emergency cases upon order of court, or duly instituted authority, and an amendment to the law so that county funding bonds cannot be issued without a vote of the people. We ask that such changes be made in the present road law as will require all expenses of every kind for the relocation, building, mainte- nance and surfacing of the primary roads shall be paid out of the primary road fund. We favor the right of any unit which voted for a paving proposition on a proper petition and after providing fully for all existing obligations, to hold a second election which may reverse such decision. That we urge the producers by their patronage to show their confidence in the producer owned and controlled marketing organizations which were established at the various market centers upon the insistent demand of the shippers. We urge Congress to revise the National warehousing act, and our Legislature to so amend the State warehousing act that the farmer may take advantage of local elevator storage, and to make under proper con- ditions storage on the farm and issue of warehouse receipts possible. We heartily indorse the principles voiced by President Harding declar- ing the sacred right of men to quit their work, individually or collec- REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 401 tively. It is the duty of the government to protect every man who de- sires to work from interference or molestation. That we appreciate the service of the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation and indorse its efforts to give financial aid on long and intermediate time loans. That we urge Congress to establish an effective quarantine to hold in check the European corn borer. We recommend the adoption of an Intermediate Agricultural Credit bill, and urge its early passage by Congress. We are opposed to the manufacture and sale of filled milk. We demand of Congress the early passage of the truth in fabric bill. We are in favor of amending the present auto license law to make it more equitable by allowing a reduction of ten per cent annually for five ( years. We strongly recommend the license fee on commercial trucks and auto busses be greatly increased, and that rate of increase be multiplied in proportion to weight of load and speed. We demand an amendment to the income tax law for the taxing oC stock dividends on the same basis as other dividends. That we heartily indorse the work of the boys and girls clubs, and we urge every County Farm Bureau to provide a place in their program for work for this activity. We recommend legislation providing that State funds shall be deposited in the county where paid, and drawn upon by the State Treasurer for monthly disbursements on a pro rata basis. Surplus public funds should, so far as practical, be available to all communities. We are in full accord with the movement under way to prevent the shifting of the tax burden from the railroads of the State onto the owners of farm land. The measure of ability to pay taxes for the support of the National and State Government is NET INCOME, and the bulk of the taxes should be levied and collected on that basis. The tax should be progressive; that is, the greater the income the higher the rate. We demand that there be no increase in appropriations or tax levies. We are opposed to a sales tax. We recommend that the laws be so amended that the appraised value of all cattle tested for tuberculosis be at their assessed valuation. Whereas, our present transportation system has been found inadequate for present day needs, we urge upon Congress the enactment of such leg- islation as will bring about the immediate construction of the proposed Great Lakes-St. Lawrence and Mississippi Deep Water-way projects. Whereas, it is impracticable for the Interstate Commerce Commission to attempt to supervise the distribution of cars as between individual shippers throughout the United States; and Whereas, there should be some governmental authority within reason- able reach to which appeal can be made to require equitable distribu- tion of cars without regard to whether the same are to be used for ship- ments interstate or intrastate: Therefore, be it resolved, That we respectfully urge upon Congress the amendment of the Interstate Commerce Act in such way that the regula- 26 402 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V tory authorities of the States may make reasonable orders and regula- tions not in conflict with federal law, or with lawful orders of the Inter- state Commerce Commission, requiring cars within the respective bor- ders of such states to be equitably distributed to shippers desiring the same, without regard to whether they are desired for use in shipments that are interstate or intrastate. We urge upon Congress the repeal of Section 15a of the Interstate Com- merce Act as amended by the Esch-Cumimins Act and the making of such other amendments thereto as shall clearly limit and define the power as exists between the Interstate Commerce Commission and State Commission that there may be no misunderstanding that the State Com- missions definitely have the same authority over rates as existed before the enactment of the Transportation Act. We are opposed to the granting of indeterminate franchises to public utilities. We indorse the action of the Agricultural Bloc in Congress in their efforts to help agriculture. That we have the utmost confidence in the ability and willingness of the Iowa Congressional Delegation to use every possible means of in- vestigating Muscle Shoals in order that they may intelligently consider the future policy of the project from the standpoint of giving the greatest protection to the Government investment therein, and the fullest pro- tection to the public interests for the future, and pledge our support to their efforts. We recommend an amendment to the Smith-Lever Act granting more privileges to County Agents and Home Demonstration Agents in their co-operative work with farm organizations. We indorse the principle of co-operative marketing. Co-Operative Marketing We wish to indorse the resolutions on co-operative marketing adopted by the American Farm Bureau Federation at its annual convention in Chicago, December 11-14, 1922. RESOLVED: (1) That we urge further progress toward proper marketing of farm products as co-ordinate with economic production in equalizing the pres- ent handicap of the American farmers; (2) That the American Farm Bureau Federation shall continue to give outstanding attention to the marketing problem and continue the policy oi strengthening and encouraging co-operative commodity marketing or- ganizations; (3) That the American Farm Bureau Federation maintain a division of co-operative marketing, to be managed and directed by capable and ex- perienced co-operative marketing specialists; (4, That this division shall in«every possible way stimulate and pro- mote the co-operative marketing movement in the United States and shall plan and carry out an extensive national educational campaign for co-operative marketing of farm products; (5) That the American Farm Bureau Federation, acting through this division, shall formulate the fundamental principles of true commodity REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 403 co-operation as exemplified in the history and experience of successful farmers' co-operatives and give the same wide circulation; (6) That this division shall tender its services as counselor and advisor to state and district organizations and agencies on questions relating to type and plans of organization, campaign methods, problems of operation and other related subjects; (7) That this division shall endeavor to unify or co-ordinate all organi- zations, agencies and interests in behalf of a comprehensive and united program of co-operative marketing in the United States; (8) That the Farm Bureau Federations, National, State and County, should be active in educating producers of farm and live stock products to the advantages offered by the co-operative marketing agencies that have been and shall be established, stressing the fact that the success of these agencies depends primarily upon the loyalty and patronage of the producers themselves. Co-Operative Egg and Poultry Marketing WHEREAS, many local Farm Bureau communities in many states have developed co-operative marketing units for eggs and poultry, and WHEREAS, these local units have had to work independently and to their disadvantage in marketing their products, THEREFORE, we recommend that the American Farm Bureau Fed- eration, as soon as practicable, call a conference of State Farm Bureau workers and others interested in the poultry industry to develop plans for centralized marketing of eggs and poultry. The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation expresses to President Hunt and Secretary Cunningham the fullest appreciation and sincere thanks for their loyalty, faithfulness and sacrifice. More especially do we recom- mend the many accomplishments of the year, and for the sound aggres- sive and forward looking policies which they have put into operation, and which they are developing, and which will mean so much to the accomplishments of greater benefit to farmers and to agriculture in the future. Likewise we commend and thank the Executive Committee, the sub- ordinate officers and the special workers who have served as loyally, faithfully and efficiently for the good of the farmer and his cause. IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION OFFICIALS AND COMMITTEES President, C. W. Hunt, 410 Observatory Bldg Des Moines Vice President, Chas. E. Hearst Cedar Falls Secretary, E. H. Cunningham, 410 Observatory Bldg Des Moines Executive Committee First District, Z. S. Ratliff Mt. Pleasant Second District, C. F. Coverdale Delmar Third District, A. L. Middleton Eagle Grove Fourth District, L. S. Fisher Edgewood Fifth District, Burt H. Neal • Mt. Vernon Sixth District, I. N. Taylor Oskaloosa Seventh District, J. A. Hansman Gilbert 404 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Eighth District, J. H. Lyman Corning Ninth District, W. W. Latta Logan Tenth District, J. H. Nordhausen Manson Eleventh District, Oscar Heline Marcus Women's Work Mrs. Ellsworth Richardson, Director Pella First District, Mrs. E. L. Russell Danville Second District, Mrs. H. Woodward Williamsburg Third District, Mrs. Heike A. Rust Sheffield Fourth District, Mrs. George Pecham Castalia Fifth District, Mrs. Roy Joslin Anamosa Sixth District, Mrs. Clarence Decatur Grinnell Seventh District, Mrs. Jacob Solberg. Nevada Eighth District, Mrs. Harley Condra Seymour Ninth District, Mrs. Gene Cutler Logan Tenth District, Mrs. Ives Irvington Eleventh District, Mrs. John Wilkin Correctionville PART VI State Food and Dairy Commissioner's Report for Year 1922 R. G. CLARK, Commissioner We whose lots have been cast in Iowa have much to be thankful for. The oft-repeated expression that we live in the best state in the Union has more to it than mere local pride. If all the states were scored (a term used in this department in grading) I doubt if there is one that would equal ours. Iowa is indeed a wonderful state. It is first in so much and a close second so often I am afraid that we are becoming more or less indifferent to our own resources and opportunities. You hardly take up a paper that you do not run across an article giving interesting information about our state, like the following: "MORE REASONS FOR CONFIDENCE IN IOWA" "The average value per farm including all farm property in Iowa is $39,941.10. The same average for the entire United States is $12,084.00. Iowa's nearest competitor is Illinois and our total farm values exceed theirs by $1,703,778,724," and so on with a series of comparisons that seem almost too good to be true. Farming is the big business of this state and it is a business that is susceptible to all the intelligence and experience that one may put into it. I want to say here that at no time in its history have the teachings of our agricultural colleges, experimental stations, and associations which have their representatives in every community ex- tolling the virtues of the pure bred, been listened to and acted upon as at present. The deflation through which this country has gone during the last year and a half hit the farmer first, and on him was the most severe, with the result that all now agree more attention must be paid to diversified farming. That means a better utilization of feed grains and crop by-products, by feeding out a great number of beef cattle, by winter dairying and egg production, by planting better gardens and more small fruits. This insures to the home a wholesome variety of foods and thereby lessening the household expenses. The margin 406 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI between income and outgo must be widened if the present values of our farms are to be sustained. The land owner as well as the renter has a right to expect more than a mere living. They got that when they did not have one-sixth as much invested in a farm as now. It is our fundamental business ; and if anyone is entitled to a living wage it is they who do the work on our farms, and if anyone is entitled to a fair interest on their investments it is the owners of these farms. Diversified farming with a good dairy herd, be it large or small, as the center of operations will come nearer producing the desired re- sult one year with another than almost any other plan. Farming is not a job any longer; it is becoming a science, and must be so treated if the farmer expects to get the returns we have already said he is entitled to. If one-half of what is claimed for the pure bred is true and if one-half of what is charged against the scrub can be believed, there must be a tremendous waste on our farms at present, for it is claimed that not over 15 per cent of the stock is pure bred and some set it as low as 10 per cent. Again when you consider what a small per cent of the butter that is made brings the top price, and that the remainder sells from two to ten cents per pound less, you are once more reminded that this department has plenty of work ahead. It is more or less thus in all branches of agriculture. I do not say this as a reflection on what is being done, but simply to show that notwithstanding all the improvements that have been made we are a long way from getting out of the average farm all that it can be made to produce. Conditions are so much better than a year ago that much of the gloom that was so depressing then has largely disappeared. We are looking forward to one of the most successful years that this department has enjoyed. The reviewing of the work for the last year and my recommenda- tions for the coming year will be taken up under the separate heads of the different subjects as they appear in the following pages. DAIRY PRODUCTION Dairying has become a powerful economic factor in Iowa. Never in the history of the state has there been as much interest displayed in this branch of agriculture as during the past year. Farmers, bankers, and business men also — all consumers of dairy products, have taken an active interest in the industry and are awak- ening to the possibilities of dairying and what it now means to the state in general. REPORT OP STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 9a 407 && 408 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 409 Estimates of the income received by the state from dairy products during the past year place the figures at $126,948,011.88, derived from the following sources : Creamery Butter ' $4S,462,805.12 Ice Cream 5,460,775.75 Market Milk 24,664,968.34 Cheese 52,821.19 Cottage Cheese 250,000.00 Farm Dairy Butter ". 11,648,000.00 Condensed Milk 408,641.48 Skim Milk and Buttermilk 16,000,000.00 Fertilizer 20,000,000.00 With the exception of creamery butter, you will find that the fore- going figures show another decided decrease in values as compared with the figures given in the reports of the commissioner during the years 1920 angl 1921. I account for this by the continued decline of prices on all our markets during the past year, as well as by a de- crease in the amount of some of the products manufactured. In spite of this decline in prices dairy products have been considerably higher on our markets when compared with the market values of all other farm products. Conditions are now the reverse of what they were in 1918, at which time there was a scarcity of help on the farm. The farmer's sons and his hired men were going into the service, in many in- stances obliging him to dispose of his cows so that he could give such time as he had to the care of his crops. All farm products were higher in price than dairy products, which created a tendency to sell rather than to feed these crops. The farmer today can obtain plenty of good farm labor at a rea- sonable price and the price of dairy products is such that he is doing his utmost to market all the grain and forage crops he can through the cow and the butterfat route. ' Iowa has this year manufactured 25,427,419 pounds more cream- ery butter than was ever produced in this state before, making this another banner year. Production has steadily advanced during the last two years until we are' now at what might be termed the "peak." It is not necessary for this department to spend much time trying to induce farmers to engage in dairying because market, financial, and other conditions have been such that every farmer knows the possibilities of the dairy cow. However, I do think considerable time and effort should be spent by all dairy organizations and by the dairy men themselves in trying to bring down the cost of production. If production continues to increase as it has during the past two 410 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI years, market conditions may eventually be such that only those who have paid attention to economy in production will survive. There never was a more opportune time for dairymen to start building up their herds by the addition and use of a pure-bred sire. The question of the importance of the sire at the head of the dairy herd has been discussed and proven so often that it is almost an axiom. Almost everyone realizes that a man's future with his dairy herd depends almost entirely on the bull he uses now. Nearly every farmer knows that he should head his herd with a pure-bred bull of advanced registry, or registry of merit breeding. In the past, the cost of this kind of sire has. prevented many from making a pur- chase ; however, at the present time, anyone can purchase bulls with the best of breeding at a nominal figure. I am at this time heartily in favor of the better sire campaigns which have been inaugurated and especially do I think that commu- nity breeding by means of the co-operative bull clubs will bring about more economical production and assure dairy prosperity. The foundation for the industry in this state has been laid care- fully and sound. As an indication of this, I have but to refer you to the scores of sanitary, modern creamery buildings of fireproof construction erected the past few years by farmers' co-operative associations, which are taking the place of older frame buildings, which indicates that the farmers are planning to stand by this in- dustry. Although this country has manufactured more dairy products than was ever produced in one year before, it is gratifying to know that consumption has kept pace with production, which is indicated by the fact that there is less butter in cold storage November 1, 1922, than on that date in 1921, the public having consumed all of this year's enormous increase. We are inclined to believe that this is due to the continued decline in prices, which has enabled everyone of moderate means to use creamery butter instead of oleomargarine, which was in demand when butter was beyond their reach in price. However, much credit should be given the publicity and educa- tional campaigns which the dairy organizations have carried on through the National Dairy Council. This work has tended to awaken the public to the necessity and value of dairy products in the diet. The results of this work have been especially noticeable during the past year. Consumption within the state has also kept pace with production, as reports from creameries show that they sold 25,714,769 pounds REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 411 at home, which is 3,087,486 pounds more than they disposed of locally during 1921. The following table showing the amount of creamery butter sold in Iowa during the past ten years may be of interest : 1912 12,694,729 lbs. 1913 14,716,555 lbs. 1914 15,105,725 lbs. 1915 15,842,119 lbs. 1916 16,439,883 lbs. 1917 12,958,678 lbs. 1918 16,827,457 lbs. 1919 15,842,119 lbs. 1920 18,719,251 lbs. 1921 22,627,283 lbs. 1922 25,714,769 lbs. The foregoing figures represent butter manufactured by Iowa plants and does not include butter consumed within the state manu- factured by plants located in adjoining states. Please note that the consumption during 1922 is practically twice the amount consumed during 1917. CREAMERY BUTTER OXE OF IOWA'S BIGGEST ASSETS Iowa went over the top during 1922, and we have another banner year in the production of creamery butter. Our creameries manu- factured 124,168.089 pounds of butter, which is 25,740,419 pounds more than was ever manufactured in this state before. The foregoing figures show a gain of 25.7 per cent over 1921 and, although the market price has declined during the year, the total value of creamery butter manufactured has increased, due to the enormous increase in production. This year's output sold for $48,462,805.12. This is $565,999.83 more than the total value last year. We are satisfied that the quality of Iowa butter is steadily improving. The past few years show some rapid strides forward being made in a great many communities, especially where cream grading, scoring, and improvement contests have been started. The progress with this line of work was at first very slow, but as the work progressed and results began to appear, creameries became interested until at the present time the Dairy Extension Department of the Iowa State College, who have had charge of this work, are unable with their small force of men to accommodate all of the creameries desiring to get started with this work. Some of the dairy inspectors in this department have been assist- ing as much as their other duties would permit and no doubt during 412 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI the coming year we can arrange to be of a great deal more assist- ance than we have in the past, providing we begin early in the year to plan our work and outline a plan whereby we can co-operate with the creameries and everyone interested in this work, with the idea in mind of getting as many plants as possible interested. Grading of cream has many advantages and few disadvantages. Such work should be thoroughly studied first. More failures are due to the fact that a careful study of the problem has been neg- lected than any other one thing. If you have never paid according to grade the best thing to do is to get in touch with this department, the dairy department of the Iowa State College, or some creamery where they are grading successfully. Not all of the interest in grading and cream improvement has been centered in the co-operative plants, as practically all of the large ,-X' T. • 4 - -, These pigs were started on their rations at the same time. The one on the left had wheat meal and wheat gluten as its source of protein; weight, 55 lbs. The one on the right received wheat meal and skimmed milk in approximately the proportions 1 to 1, weight, 165 lbs. centralized plants in this state have been holding meetings, etc., dur- ing the past year and are completing plans for the adoption of a grading program for their many stations which are distributed over the entire state. Early last spring -the creameries operating stations in Monroe, Appanoose, Wapello, Davis, Jefferson, Van Buren, Henry, Lee and Des Moines counties, located in the southeastern part of the state, started a grading program as a sort of tryout or experiment and, although the proposition was not pushed as it should have been and was not followed up properly, yet the results were such that all the companies interested are satisfied and are at this time outlining an extensive program for the coming year. We have during the past year found that the regulations covering cream grading which have been issued by this department needed some slight changes, and, after consulting the dairy department of REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 413 Iowa State College and representatives of all the creamery and dairy organizations, we have now amended them so that we think they cover the situation thoroughly. MARKET MILK The increased production of market milk noted last year has con- tinued during this year and much to my gratification statistics gath- ered by the department show that there has been an increased con- sumption of this valuable food. Figures compiled show a 10 per cent increase in the use of mar- ket milk, while the value this year of all market milk sold in the state was $24,664,968.34, as against $24,869,492.83 last year. This is accounted for by a reduction in the price. The value of milk in the diet, especially that of children, cannot be overestimated. The experimental evidence which has been ob- Plant oils lack vitamine A, without which growth cannot proceed. The rat on the left received 5% of cotton seed oil and the one on the right 1.5% of butterfat instead of cottonseed oil; otherwise the rations were alike and the rats were the same age. tained is so overwhelming in its results that every diet should con- tain a liberal amount of milk. Numerous cases are on record where under-weight and under-nourished children have been brought up to normal by adding milk to their diet. Many of our public schools are giving the children milk to drink each day and in every case an im- provement is noted in the studies and the appearance and activity of the children. Milk furnishes the material to make bones and teeth, and keeps the heart beating regularly, strengthening the nerves and every part of the body. It has a growing force which makes weak bodies grow into strong ones and keeps healthy bodies healthy. In addition to the mineral salts and the easily digested proteins con- tained in milk, there are the vitamines so essential to growth and proper development of the body. Many experiments have been con- ducted on animals to show the presence of vitamines in milk, which 414 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI produce these results, and in every case the animal which received milk in its diet develops normally, while the animal deprived of milk is backward and under-weight. In noting the value of milk as a food it is understood that refer- ence is made to milk that is produced from healthy cows and handled with due regard to its cleanliness. This department, for a number of years, has been doing much work to improve and keep safe the These two dogs were fed the same diet except that the larger dog re- ceived milk. They are both from the same litter. milk supply of the various cities of the state. Frequent tests and inspections of the dairies are made with this in view. Many cities have passed ordinances regulating the quality of milk. The value of milk as a food and the need to have it pure is generally realized. To stimulate interest among dairymen for milk of high quality, the department holds an annual market milk contest between the different cities in the state. This contest is held the week previous to the Dairy Cattle Congress and the results and samples of the milk are placed on display there. Council Bluffs had the highest score with 82.67 points; Mason City was second with 80.88 points, and Dubuque third with 78.57 points. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 415 ICE CREAM The ice cream industry has gone through another strenuous year, with both manufacturers and retailers doing their best to get back to normal. This they have accomplished so far as high manufactur- ing costs, express rates, shortage of ice, and poor collections would permit. Both the retail and wholesale price was reduced somewhat. This has had a tendency to increase consumption. Figures we have been able to compile show that 5,748,185 gallons were manufactured this year, as compared with 5,580,763 gallons during 1921. Although we have had an increase in the amount manufactured, there has been a decrease in the total value. Total sales of the product during 1922 amounted to $5,460,775.75, as compared with $6,138,839.30 during 1921, which is due, of course, to the decline in price. High express rates have been a disadvantage to some manufac- turers and have compelled some to establish small plants at different points in the state which has enabled them to eliminate long hauls by express. We hope that a great many of the difficulties confronting this in- dustry in Iowa can be overcome and ironed out during the coming year. On account of its palatability and food value, there is no other product that is sometimes termed a luxury which comes nearer being a necessity. With this in mind, we believe that the sooner we re- turn to a generous ten-cent dish of ice cream, the greater the con- sumption will be and the consumer will be thereby benefited because of the essential life-giving properties contained in this popular dairy product. This increased consumption will likewise be of financial benefit to both manufacturer and dealer. CONDENSED MILK Iowa's two condenseries increased their output this year. Their product sold for $408,641.48, as compared with $372,678.05 during 1921. This state imports large quantities of this product; in fact, pro- duction never has equaled the demand. Imitation evaporated milk has been making considerable headway in this state due to the fact that it retails for less money and the merchant with most brands has a larger margin of profit, which encourages him to push the sale of the imitation product in preference to genuine condensed milk. We have found many merchants advertising and selling these imitation products as regular condensed milk and the department 416 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI has found it necessary to make numerous prosecutions of these of- fenders. Imitation evaporated milk, or, as it is more commonly known, "filled milk," is condensed skim milk to which has been added cocoanut oil which was designed to take the place of the butterfat which the milk originally contained. We believe it is unfair to allow manufacturers to place on the mar- ket in the state of Iowa a product which has been deprived of a large amount of its food value. Wisconsin and several other states have already passed laws prohibiting the manufacture and sale of "filled milk." In Wisconsin the constitutionality of this law was con- tested and the courts have held that it was constitutional. A bill known as the "Voight Filled Milk Bill" is also before con- gress at this time, which prohibits the interstate shipment of this product. This bill passed the house of representatives with a large majority and is now being considered in the senate. We believe that a law similar to the Wisconsin law should be passed in this state. CHEESE The manufacture of cheese in this state is almost a thing of the past and unless conditions change a cheese factory soon will be looked upon as a relic of bygone days. During 1920 we had seventeen factories operating; during 1921 this was reduced to ten, and we now have but five who have been able to survive and continue operations. These five factories only manufactured 256,415 pounds of cheese during the past year. This is a lamentable condition, as this state consumes large quantities of cheese and we have a great many com- munities that could be benefited by establishing cheese factories. THE STATE BUTTER MARK Increased interest concerning the use of the Iowa butter mark has been very noticeable on the part of both the creameries and the butter buyers during the past year. More creameries have qualified for the use of the brand this year than have ever qualified during any year since the brand was established. Most of those qualifying during the past year have been located in Bremer county, and we hope during 1923 that the creameries in this county will be able to say that they are 100 per cent state brand. The fact that so many creameries located in one county have started using the brand has attracted the attention of a great many REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 417 buyers and several of them have been negotiating to purchase the entire output of all these plants, getting the product together at some central point and shipping to the markets in carload lots. We believe as more creameries begin using the state brand and larger quantities of this quality of butter are available that the com- petition and interest on the part of buyers will be more noticeable. We also believe that the consumers of this state are anxious to ob- tain our state brand butter and are willing to pay a premium for it providing the creameries will get together and arrange to place their product on our home markets. License No. 1 was issued to the Strawberry Point Farmers' Creamery in May, 1916, and since that time 18 creameries have been issued licenses, 2 of which have been forced to discontinue the use of the brand, which was due to various local conditions affecting both plants. We think that the butter makers who have been able to line up their creameries so that they could meet the strict requirements nec- essary to be able to use this brand have never been given as much credit as they should have had for the pioneer work they have done ; neither have they or the creameries using the brand had the publicity due them. The state of Iowa created and adopted the state trade-mark for butter manufactured in the state of Iowa "for the purpose of insur- ing a higher standard of excellence and quality, and to insure a more healthful product for consumption at home and abroad." Further- more, it is the purpose of the law to promote educational work which will assist the Iowa butter makers in producing the butter to be marketed under the state trade-mark and thereby secure a more uniform butter market and a higher market value for the butter. The mark as adopted consists of a heavy circle with an inner light circle, the center space being occupied by an outline of the map of Iowa and within the outline shall appear in prominent letters the words, "Iowa Butter." In the space above the outline and within the light circle shall appear the words "First Quality. License No. " and the words "State Butter Control" shall be inserted in the space below the outline of the map and within the light circle. Said trade-mark and its use and regulations shall be in charge of and under the control of an executive committee of five members, consisting of the president of the Iowa State Dairy Association, the president of the Iowa State Butter Makers' Association, the dean of the Division of Agriculture of the Iowa State College of Agriculture 41S TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI and Mechanic Arts, the professor of Dairying of the same institu- tion and the Dairy and Food Commissioner of the state of Iowa. The state trade-mark shall be controlled, used, manufactured and issued under such rules and regulations as may be found necessary, from time to time, by the executive committee. Such executive com- mittee shall have power to make such changes in the rules and regula- tions for the use of the said trade-mark as it may from time to time deem necessary. ^S5 L IOWA BUTTER LICENSE NUMBER >»f Trade-Mark Adopted for First Quality Iowa Butter. The rules governing the use of such trade-mark shall be published by, and through bulletins issued by the State Dairy and Food Com- mission. Such labels, stamps, or other means of imprinting such trade-marks upon the manufactured product, or the receptacles con- taining the same shall be furnished to those entitled to the use thereof by the State Dairy and Food Commissioner at actual cost. RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING USE OF THE IOWA BUTTER TRADE-MARK 1. Butter sold under the trade-mark shall be manufactured in a creamery which meets the requirements of the Iowa Sanitary Law. Such creameries shall obtain a score of 85 or above, 100 being per- fect, scored in accordance with the Iowa State Score Card for creameries. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 419 2. The butter shall obtain a score on the quality of not less than 93 points, 100 being perfect, on 75 per cent or more of the scoring. A creamery obtaining a score on butter below 92, or a creamery that has more than 25 per cent of its scoring below 93, shall forfeit its right to the use of such trade-mark until such time as the creamery is again in a position to meet the necessary requirements. 3. All butter marked with the Iowa state mark shall comply with the Iowa state standards and contain not less than 80 per cent of butterfat, and shall contain less than 16 per cent of moisture. No preservative, neutralizer or adulterant shall be added to butter or to cream from which the butter is to be manufactured. 4. Butter sold under said mark shall be manufactured from cream, which has been pasteurized, either in the form of milk or cream. Pasteurization shall consist in heating the milk or the cream to a temperature of not less than 140 degrees F. and holding above 140 degrees F. for a period of not less than 20 minutes, or heating the milk or cream to a temperature of not less than 180 degrees F. when flash heat is applied. 5. If the butter is solid packed in tubs, the tubs shall bear the Iowa state mark on two opposite sides, the marks shall be placed immediately below the upper hoop or hoops, said mark to be three inches in diameter. In addition to the markings as stated, the top surface of the butter shall bear an imprint of the said mark, this im- print to be five inches in diameter and the imprint into the butter shall be from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in depth. But- ter in boxes either solid packed or in print, shall bear similar mark- ings on both ends of the boxes as those placed on the outside of the tubs. A similar imprint shall be made into the butter if solid packed. 6. The date of manufacture of the butter shall be marked on the outside of the tub or box close to the state mark, in letters not less than one-half inch in height, the same being placed in the following manner: 12;5 The figure 12 designates the number of the month b ° ° the figure 6 designates the day of the month, and the figure 5 desig- nates the number of the churning on that day. Thus for the above markings the reading would be that the butter was manufactured on the twelfth month, sixth day and was the product of the fifth churn- ing. 7. Parchments for print butter may be marked with the state trade-mark. The size of such markings shall be two inches in diam- eter. At this time the board does not require the marking of the date on individual prints. 420 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI 8. Application, in writing, shall be made to the State Dairy and Food Commissioner, who after having satisfied himself that the manufacturer is qualified to comply with all the requirements will issue permit to use the state mark and also furnish copies of the mark and necessary equipment to the applicant. No other stamp or marking shall be used unless the same shall meet with the approval of the State Dairy and Food Commissioner. 9. Any creamery obtaining the privilege of using the Iowa state mark shall immediately upon request from the executive committee, send packages of butter for the purpose of scoring, to such places and in such quantities as may be designated by the executive com- mittee. This butter shall be taken from the most recent churning made at the creamery. The butter after scoring will be disposed of, as nearly as possible, in accordance with the instructions furnished by the creamery. 10. The state dairy law makes it illegal for any person, firm, corporation, association or individual to use the said trade-mark for butter on their products without first complying with all the rules and regulations prescribed by the said executive committee for the use of the same. 11. Any person violating any of the provisions above shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be pun- ished by a fine of not less than twenty-five nor more than one hun- dred dollars or by imprisonment for not less than thirty days in the county jail. [Dairy laws of the state of Iowa, section 2515-g.l IOWA STATE DAIRY ASSOCIATION ACTIVITIES J. P. Eves, Field Secretary The year 1922 has shown a continuation of the dairy interest so manifest during the previous year. The maintenance of a very sat- isfactory butter market together with a continuation of low grain prices has maintained the ever-increasing interest in dairying and the demand for dairy cows. Iowa has long been following, more or less, a so-called dual-purpose type, but during the past year a decided change has been apparent. In practically every portion of the state where there was a decent market for milk or butterfat, demand for cows of our special purpose dairy breeds has been rapidly increas- ing. This condition is gratifying since permanent dairy development was impossible unless based on our dairy breeds as a foundation. One drawback to the most rapid development of the industry has been the fact that Iowa has been made more or less of a dumping ground by neighboring states for their inferior quality dairy cattle. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 421 In many instances, these cattle went into communities as the first representatives of their particular breed and in such cases have acted in retarding the development of that breed rather than increas- ing its popularity. Our Iowa farmers have not been accustomed to paying the prices demanded by breeders for the highest producing quality of dairy cattle, hence they have been inclined to buy representatives of that breed that they could secure for their price. This condition, together with the fact that we have had too many speculators shipping in cattle from terminal stock yards bearing the marks of dairy breeds and sold as high-grade dairy cows, have been severe detriments to the industry. Figures alone give us an idea of the actual amount- of money in- vested by Iowa farmers in dairy cattle during the past year. Accu- rate figures from Minnesota and from Wisconsin for the year ending June 30, 1922, show some surprising facts. Dr. S. G. Eliason, state veterinarian of Wisconsin, reports that 5,379 head of dairy cattle were shipped into Iowa during the year mentioned, the total valua- tion of which amounted to $516,240.00. Dr. Charles E. Cotton, sec- retary of the Minnesota Live Stock Sanitary Board, reports that during the same year Minnesota sold into Iowa 6,001 head of dairy cattle valued at $558,260.00. These figures show that from Wis- consin and Minnesota alone Iowa purchased 11,380 head of dairy cattle at a valuation of $1,074,500.00. When we consider that many cattle were imported from Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, and other neigh- boring states, it is a safe estimate that our farmers purchased better than a million and a half dollars worth of dairy cattle or approxi- mately 15,000 head. This amount of money was sent from the state during a year that our banks were supposedly harder pressed than any like year in their history. These figures and the statements mentioned before would indicate that Iowa is very rapidly turning from beef raising to dairying. I do not want to give the impression that such a rapid change is being made. We must consider that a percentage of the men making this original investment in dairying are not dairy men, will not be per- manently interested and many will be out of the business within a very few years with little profit to show for their experience. BREEDERS DEMONSTRATE POSSIBLE PRODUCTION BY TESTING The dairy breeders of the state have been doing a good job of bringing the producing ability of our representative breed more definitely to the attention of the milking farmers. The Holstein 422 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI state milk record, which formerly stood at 26,300 pounds, has been beaten by two cows in the same herd. O. L. Hamer, Waterloo, with the great cow, White Beauty Concordia, and her half-sister has won this new honor. White Beauty completed her year with a production of 28,495.7 pounds of milk containing 1,107 pounds butter. These records are all the more creditable when we consider that they were made not by an experienced feeder or by one of our largest and best equipped farms, but by a practical farmer. The Guernsey and Jersey breeders have both made remarkable strides. Possibly from the standpoint of state records made, the Sherman Nursery Company, at Charles City, holds the largest place in the limelight. Two state records have already been broken by cows owned in this herd. Brown Lady's Little Jewel is the new junior four-year-old champion. She produced in one year 12,290 pounds of milk containing 655.17 pounds butterfat. The other Sher- man farm champion is the junior two-year-old heifer, Raleighs Torono's Lady, with a year's production of 10,237 pounds milk con- taining 563.5 pounds butterfat. Still more important, in my opinion, is the information contained in the annual Iowa Cow Test Association report recently issued by the extension department at the Iowa State College. It must be re- membered that these records are made with just common farm care with twice a day milking, so that extreme production is not to be ex- pected. Five herds in the state averaged over 400 pounds of butter- fat per cow for the year. This production is two and one-half times as much as the average herd production in Iowa. These herds aver- aged $80.00 to $100.00 profit per cow above feed cost. Of the 322 herds tested, 62 herds averaged 270 pounds of butterfat per cow. The foregoing statements are made to give just a little indication of the trend of dairying in the state. The interest has been growing by leaps, but we have discouraged rather than encouraged this rapid change, believing that too large a percentage of these beginners would lose rather than gain. A much more permanent and feasible plan and one that is urged at all times is to feed the present herd more efficiently so as to make possible maximum production; test production of present herds in order to discard the unprofitable or boarder cows; and then select more carefully, breed for production dairy sires. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 423 1922 PROJECTS DAIRY CALF CLUB WORK The boys' and girls' dairy calf club work has been steadily grow- ing in popularity because it is realized as one of the safe, permanent methods of increasing dairy interest and introducing the right kind of dairy cattle. The kind of clubs organized during the past year varied somewhat with previous years. With conditions unsettled, people were more reluctant to push the purebred club, but the clubs organized with grade calves increased in popularity. The bankers in all parts of the state showed a splendid willingness to co-operate and push the project whenever they were asked. This support, of course, includes, in most instances, the entire financing of the club. The number of clubs organized does not indicate the amount of time or effort required from the office in the field. All of our pure- bred clubs and some of our grade clubs are organized on a three- year basis. This requires follow-up work on the clubs organized one and two years previous in addition to those just started. The three year or "long time" feature of our Iowa clubs is prov- ing a very popular one because it gives each member a well-rounded experience not only in the care of the calf, but the growing out of that calf into a cow, the problem of selecting a correct kind of a sire to breed to and being made to realize the possibility in reproduction when the calves from their club heifers are dropped and the profit to be made from the production of milk and butterfat. 1922 clubs Pure-Bred Calves No. of Organized by Calves Breed Polk Co. Guernsey Breeders' Ass'n 13 Guernseys Fayette Co. Farm Bureau 12 Holsteins Linn Co. Guernsey Breeders' Ass'n 13 Guernseys Grade Calves Hancock Co. Farm Bureau Crystal Lake 20 Holsteins Garner — Co-operative Creamery 7 Holsteins 2 Guernseys Kanawha — Co-operative Creamery 7 Holsteins 2 Guernseys Kossuth Co. Farm Bureau Titonka 21 Guernseys 4 Holsteins Lone Rock 9 Guernseys 4 Holsteins Fenton 5 Guernseys 4 Holsteins Poweshiek Co. Farm Bureau Brooklyn 8 Holsteins 424 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI CLUB EXHIBITS AND JUDGING CONTESTS In order to make our clubs a success much time and effort must be spent in arranging for means of bringing members together in friendly competition. Club exhibits, judging contests, etc., have proven very popular, as well as their educational value. In prac- tically all of our clubs a calf club show and judging contest was held in connection with the county fair. At this time the five best calves from the various clubs and the three best junior judges were selected to compete in the contest held, under the supervision of this associa- tion, at the Dairy Cattle Congress at Waterloo. From this contest the three high members were selected to represent Iowa at the National Dairy Show. The State Calf Club Show was held at the Dairy Cattle Congress and proved a real success, even though it was the first state exhibit. Fifty head of splendid heifers were proudly shown by their youthful owners. BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION Representatives from this association in the past have always worked with and co-operated with the dairy breeders of the state, but it has been our opinion that this plan could be improved upon. Accordingly, a plan was agreed upon in which this association would perforin a more definite work for the dairy breed associations and could then in turn expect a more liberal and loyal membership. This plan includes a close co-operation of this association with the state breed associations. The representatives of the dairy asso- ciation handle the field secretary work for the dairy breed associa- tions, providing these organizations maintain their own organiza- tions and finance same. The breed associations in turn guarantee membership in the State Dairy Association. This year the mem- bership will run very close to the 1,000 mark by the end of the year. By this plan of co-operation, the dairy association is able to get county breed associations to accept a definite program of work. With all of these breeders pushing the same plan that representa- tives of the dairy association are, there can be no doubt of the in- creasing results. During the past year we have worked through fif- teen such county organizations. EXCHANGE BUREAU Through the co-operation of the state and county breed associa- tions, and a close touch, in this way, with all breeders of the state, this association is able to handle a much more effective exchange bu- REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 425 reau. A pretty definite file of grade and pure-bred cattle for sale in the state is kept at the association office and, in this way, buyer and seller are brought much closer together. We are trying to encour- age Iowa inquirers to buy Iowa cattle because we believe they can come more nearly finding out the real value of the animal they are buying and can be more safely protected in their purchase. CO-OPERATION OF EXTENSION ORGANIZATIONS We are pleased to report that we have never experienced a more wholehearted and sincere co-operation from dairy and extension or- ganizations than during the past year. The extension department, the dairy husbandry department, and the dairy manufacturing de- partment of Iowa State College, the Dairy and Food Commission, and the State Dairy Council have co-operated with us and given us assistance whenever it was in their power. PROJECTS FOR 1923 The plans for 1923 include an expansion of the work carried on this year. One representative handled all of the work for better than half of the past year. We are assured of the financial support of the dairy breed associations, of membership funds, and we hope these will be sufficient to make possible the retaining of two repre- sentatives for the entire year, even though our small state appropria- tion will not. Without two men it is impossible to continue the old work in anything like an efficient manner and still handle the increasing demands. IOWA EGG LAW As has been frequently stated in previous annual reports, the pur- pose of the Iowa egg law is to promote fair dealing in eggs and in- crease the market value of our egg crop. In justice to most of the dealers in eggs I will say that they so take it, but there are some, more than there should be, who seem to feel that any restriction on their manner of doing business is an infringement upon their per- sonal liberty. It is the purpose of this department in making rules and regula- tions for administering the law to not only encourage the merchant who is disposed to be fair, but to protect him from the disastrous results of unfair buying. Also to encourage the farmer to market a better class of eggs. When you consider that during the spring months when we get our best eggs it takes 45 dozen eggs on the average to make a 30-dozen case of standard or No. 1 eggs, 15 dozen going into secondary grades (and this does not include the bad eggs 426 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI that are rejected), you get some idea of what indifference on the part of the farmer as to what kind of eggs he markets has to do with the price he receives. The percentage of seconds has to be taken into account by the packer who makes the price. During the hot and early fall months the percentage of seconds is much greater. There are times in the extreme hot weather when there are scarcely any No. 1 eggs except those furnished by near-by henneries, often No. 1 April packed storage eggs being preferred to the current receipts. It has been estimated that this state alone suffers a loss each year of $5,000,000.00 to $6,000,000.00 because of the indifference of so many of our farmers as to the kind of eggs they produce and the manner of their handling. That it pays to give more attention to the quality of your product is evidenced by the fact that the price paid by the merchants and dealers in certain communities invariably ranges from two to five cents higher than in most places. Admitting that competition may in part account for this at times, I think you will find on investigating that in the majority of cases the quality of the eggs enables the dealer to pay more. The following tabulations will be of interest, as it shows the variations in price one month with another for the last twelve years. Also it compares the receipts and prices of this year with those of last. We are getting back close to pre-war prices. EGGS No. Doz. 1921 133,100,000 No. Doz. 1922 ■ 159,720,000 Average Price 1921 38.6c Average Price 1922 27.26c Total Value 1921 $51,376,000 Total Price 1922 $43,539,672 AVERAGE PRICE PAID TO IOWA FARMERS FOR EGGS ON THE FIRST DAY OF EACH MONTH OF THE YEARS SHOWN Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910 28 28 21 18 18 17 16 14 17 20 22 25 1911 26 21 14 13 14 13 12 12 14 17 20 25 1912 27 28 23 17 17 16 15 16 17 19 22 25 1913 23 20 17 15 15 16 15 14 16 19 23 29 1914 27 26 22 16 16 16 16 16 20 21 21 26 1915 28 30 22 16 17 16 15 15 16 20 23 27 1916 28 27 22 17 18 19 19 20 21 26 30 34 1917 35 36 33 25 30 31 27 28 32 34 35 39 1918 42 47 38 30 31 28 28 33 33 39 42 51 1919 56 45 30 34 37 38 33 37 38 47 52 59 1920 55 45 39 37 38 33 37 44 48 53 64 61 1921 49 32 21 18 16 20 22 26 27 37 46 44 1922 26 23 18 20 20 16 REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 427 NECESSITY FOR STRICT ENFORCEMENT OF THE SANITARY FOOD LAWS Sanitary food laws have been of inestimable value in procuring for the public a safe food supply. Wholesome foods are easily made dangerous by being handled or stored under insanitary conditions. Methods which obtained in the manufacturing and handling of our food supply a few years ago are a far cry from present-day methods, due to the enactment and enforcement of sanitary laws. Food offi- cials found it difficult and were often met with opposition in trying to enforce these laws when they were enacted. The installation of cases to protect foods often involved considerable expense and the average dealer was loath to spend any money to safeguard the health of the public. Many can recall to mind the confectionery with long counters covered with trays of many hued candies with the prospec- tive customer picking over and tasting the different varieties in search of one that struck his fancy. I dare say in many cases these counters of candy were not even covered during the process of sweeping to remove the dust and dirt tracked in from the street on the feet of customers, mixed with the expectorations of those pos- sibly tuberculous. An illustration of these conditions is recalled wherein a large de- partment store maintained a candy department of the "hollow square" type. The owner was advised that it would be necessary to put the candy in cases which would protect it from the contamina- tion with dust and dirt. Trie order was complied with with some re- luctance, but efficient plate glass cases were installed. In visiting this store to see if the order had been complied with, it was noticed that the clerk was busily engaged in wiping a very perceptible layer of dust from the top of the case. Upon inquiry as to how she liked the new case she complained that they kept her busy cleaning off the dust. When asked where the dust went before the cases were in- stalled, she admitted that it must have collected on the candy. Many even more glaring instances of food contamination can no doubt be cited by many food officials. In conjunction with the fight against dust and dirt in our foods there has been waged a relentless war against the housefly, possibly one of the greatest spreaders of the "white plague" and many other diseases of mankind. It is a wise provision that requires the use of proper screens over all openings in buildings or rooms where foods are handled, but in many instances, without the occasional visit of the inspector, these would be allowed to become full of rust holes and worthless. Sanitary laws have been directly responsible for the 428 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI nation-wide educational campaigns, conducted in the various states, showing by circulars sent out by boards of health and food officials, the real menace of the common fly. His deadly work has been painted in pictures and recited in verse. Traps have been designed to catch him in vast numbers by means of an enticing bait and many cities have offered rewards for the boy or girl who could catch the largest number. Official bulletins point out his breeding places and tell of the proper treatment of these places to destroy the eggs and reduce his numbers. I venture the prophecy that the time will come when the law will require the destruction of the common rat, as he is a contaminator as well as a destroyer of foods. It is encouraging to know that in practically every case where dealers in food products have been compelled to install proper protection for foods that they say they would not think of returning to the old system; in fact, many have exceeded the requirements and invested heavily in plate glass cases with white tile floors which are easily cleaned and dis- play their foods in an enticing manner. Cabinet manufacturers quickly saw the value of sanitary food display cases and many on the market today are the last word in the cabinetmaker's art. The repu- table dealer has likewise recognized their value and their installation is a part of every modern grocery and market. From what I have said it might seem that the millennium in food sanitation was near, but we are far from it. Visit any of our large cities and you are likely to find bakeries being operated in basements with little ventila- tion and only artificial light and utensils of doubtful cleanliness. These places, although comparatively few, exist for various reasons. They have been found by the inspector and have been made to im- prove, but the owner is a man of small means, industrious, and a respectable citizen. He would like to have his bakery in a modern room, but he has not the means to buy or rent such a place and we suffer him to continue in such a place with the best possible sanitary conditions under such surroundings. Officials are in part excusable for such conditions, but food officials should strive for the elimi- nation of every bakery or food factory in any basement not one- half above the ground with ample daylight and cement floors. There is one class of manufacturers which should not be tolerated and that is the small bottler of soda waters who rents a shed or a ramshackle back room and with a foot-power bottling machine and a tub of warm or possibly cold water for washing his bottles makes a product which he offers to the public as a cool, refreshing beverage. In many cases these men are foreigners of the lowest class, with REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 429 little or no conception of cleanliness, and there is enough authority in our laws to eliminate such places completely, and officials are derelict in their duty if they permit food to be produced under such conditions. Another problem which the food officials have to con- tend with is the foreign grocer and butcher in the foreign sections of our larger cities. They are in most cases naturally unsanitary and their customers being of the same or similar extraction are content to let them operate in this manner. Frequent inspection and the force of the law seems to be the only method which will maintain any semblance of proper sanitary methods and surroundings with this class of merchants. While the sanitary laws have improved the country slaughterhouse which was overrun with rats and surrounded with nauseating filth, such places should be eliminated, for such an institution has no place in modern times. We can all remember when the butcher's wagon drove about the city loaded with dressed meats and unprotected from the dust and filth constantly stirred up by the wind. Bread was even transported about unwrapped and in open delivery wagons, the driver handling the horses and no doubt his person without any attempt at washing his hands. The unwrapped loaves were corded up on his dirty coat sleeve, carried into the grocery and dumped into an open basket to be further exposed and handed to the customer by hands of doubt- ful cleanliness. As usual, there was some opposition to protecting these foods, but the white canvas cover is now in general use on meat wagons and trucks and the baker has been quick to realize the sale value of his loaf of bread wrapped in a decorated transparent wrapper which advertised his product as well as protecting it from all possible contamination. Viewing the past and the present the efforts put forth by food officials to bring about these changes have certainly been worth while and they can be justly proud that they have had a part in this transition. The proper control of dealers in foods can be had, I believe, by means of a licensing system, making the license fee nominal, but placing with it the power of refusal and revocation. Our sanitary laws should require every person who wishes to handle foods in any way to have his place thoroughly inspected before he is permitted to enter the business and his license withheld if the building or room is not suitable for maintaining in a strictly sanitary manner and a license only issued when it is possible to comply with the law in every detail. I believe every official who had had the enforcement of a sanitary law will agree that if we are to maintain a safe food sup- 430 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI ply the strict enforcement of the law is of necessity and that eternal vigilance will always be the price we must pay. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES A decade has passed since Iowa took up in earnest the subject of properly regulating weights, measures and trade practices in gen- eral involving these mediums of purchase and sale. True, there was some effort made previous to that time to take care of trade conditions, but not until 1913, when the legislature enacted a law that was to make possible much needed reform in the various branches of trade dealing in essential commodities through the enactment of the weight and measure law. The dairy and food commissioner was charged with the enforcement of this act, the duties of which were to regulate and supervise all matters wherein questions of quantity were involved, also the inspection of scales, weights and measures. That this remedial action came none too soon is well known, and the beneficial value of such a department as a protective agency has manifestly grown with the general trend of business and constant changes in economic conditions. Since the enactment of the weight and measure law in 1913 steady advancement has been made year by year in every branch of the work. Special investigation due to various causes are, of course, always in order. No year passes without many of them claiming our attention, and the past year was no exception. Conditions in the various branches of trade must be continually looked into in order to make sure that the persons engaged in them are living up to the law's requirements. If at any time a particular business is not cen- tered upon, it is because conditions in that line of trade are satisfac- tory to the department. However, just as soon as any tendency is discovered to overstep the bounds of honesty and fair dealing, no time is lost in getting back to that particular branch. There are extensive commercial enterprises which must always be carefully watched, such as those dealing in coal, ice, groceries, meats and co-related lines of trade. Great stress is laid on the en- forcement of weight and measure laws, since they affect the class of citizens who can least afford to protect themselves. Some of the activities are enumerated here in order that the public may know of the work' of the department. It is the duty of this department to make an inspection of scales, weights and measures wherever the same are kept for use in con- nection with the sale of merchandise or other commodities sold by REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 431 weight or measurement. The testing of the many thousands of wagon or truck scales and gasoline pumps and measuring devices re- quires much time and labor. The reweighing of commodities in the various stores and of loads of coal as well as checking up the peddler or huckster, which has always given us trouble. The very nature of the way their business is carried on makes them an object of suspicion. These "roamers" make victims of the rich and poor alike; they have no fixed places of business, frequently drifting fron town to town. They have many tricks at their disposal, as their enterprises usually are of the seasonable variety, their efforts are generally directed toward making a clean-up in the short time they have. Their stocks in trade may be anything from an orange to a ton of coal, though most of them seem to take very kindly to the produce business, for what reason can best be judged when it is realized that in practically no other line of trade is there such oppor- tunity to defraud. It is difficult to realize why the people in general put so much faith in them instead of consistently dealing with reputable merchants with established locations. So-called bargains, which the people think they receive from peddlers are, as a rule, more costly in the end than were the goods purchased at a store. Store- keepers are not so apt to stake their reputations on questionable practices. The wagon scale or five-ton scale is being replaced by the heavy truck scale, ten-ton and larger. With so much heavy trucking by motors, some of which are almost as large as small freight cars, carrying loads that require scales of large capacity to handle, larger scales are being installed all over the state. While in most cases incorrect scales are found weighing against the consumer, frequently a scale is found weighing against the dealer. In a recent inspection of coal scales a scale was found that was giving the consumer 1,200 pounds for each 1,000 pounds. When the inspector discovered the error and notified the dealer he was frantic with grief and endeavored to call in all wagons which were out de- livering coal from his bins. The scales were immediately repaired and hereafter no patron of his place of business wTill get more coal than is paid for. We find material shortage from time to time in checking up the coal dealers. We have had a number of cases against them ; in some cases they plead guilty, in others they stood trial. In one case we had recently the dealer plead not guilty. He was short 525 pounds on a one-ton load. His defense was that the wind blew it away, 432 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI therefore he was not responsible for the shortage. The judge found him guilty and fined him $15.00 and costs; he should have had the limit. The inspector, in another instance, made an inspection of a scale and found the same to be 40 pounds light on each 1,000 pounds. They were condemned. They were to weigh 250 head of fancy beef cattle over these scales that day. The price being paid for these cattle was 12 cents per pound and the cattle averaged 1,000 pounds per head. The parties selling these cattle would have lost 10,000 pounds or 10 head of cattle at 12 cents per pound, amounting to $1,200.00, a fair day's work for the buyer. The inspectors find new scales that are not properly installed. By making the corrections the inspector protects the dealer as well as the public. A unique bushel measure, made of galvanized tin, was confiscated from an apple peddler by the inspector. The measure is guaranteed to cheat each customer out of at least one-third {J/z) of a bushel of apples every time it is used. The peddler had taken a heavy hammer and banged great dents in the sides of the measure ; these dents took up the space which should have been filled with apples when a bushel of the fruit was sold. Housewives should purchase apples by the pound and not by the measure. They should insist on getting forty- eight (48) pounds for a bushel. Many of the measures used will hold only about thirty (30) to forty (40) pounds of apples. The department continues to receive complaints regarding incor- rect scales and requests for scale inspections. During the year end- ing October 31, 1922, there were 171 requests taken care of. BREAD We still receive complaints about loaves of bread not being branded with the net weight, also loaves being misbranded, in that the loaf does not weigh as much as is stated on the wrapper. We have continually tried to remedy this practice, with only partial suc- cess. The bakers state that the frequent fluctuation in the price of flour compels them to change the size of the loaf. Wrappers are purchased in large quantities branded with a certain net weight. Then if the size of the loaf is reduced the baker, in many cases, con- tinues to use the same wrapper, leading the consumer to believe he is receiving a larger amount of the bread than he is. We believe that the only remedy for this condition is a law regu- lating the size of all loaves of bread. This is concurred in by the United States Bureau of Standards and many of the other states. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 433 A committee consisting of weight and measure officials and repre- sentatives of the baking industry are drafting a uniform bread law as a guide to states desirous of such a law. Several states already have a standard bread law, upheld by higher courts. GASOLINE PUMP INSPECTION The inspection of gasoline pumps is one of the important phases of our work. During the year ending October 31, 1922, there were 1,682 gasoline pumps inspected, of which 19 per cent were found in- correct ; 950 measures, of which 64 were incorrect. During the last year there has been an increase in number of gasoline pumps in- stalled, new filling stations springing up all over the state. Where the inspector finds a gasoline pump not delivering the cor- rect amount, it is condemned for repairs. In one case the operator continued to use the pump, which was measuring one-half (J/2) gal- lon short on each five (5) gallons. Charges were filed, the defendant plead not guilty, demanding a jury trial. The jury found him guilty and he was fined $50.00 and costs. Refiners and marketers of gasoline are beginning to understand what accuracy means to them in the way of good will and increased sales. They are very anxious that all gasoline pumps and meters are accurate. We have been very much encouraged by the co-operation which has been given the department by the oil companies and the various manufacturers of these devices, with the result that the measuring devices have been remodeled and improved upon. The law provides that all gasoline pumps and meters shall be li- censed, the fee being $3.00 per year. The revenue received for the gasoline pump licenses for the year ending October 31, 1922, is $12,867.00. During the year ending October 31, 1922, the department has in- spected 3,217 "heavy" scales, that is, scales used by grain elevators, coal mines, coal dealers, railroad stock scales, sugar refineries, can- ning factories, etc. ; 279 of this number were found incorrect and were condemned for repairs ; 269 of these have been repaired or new ones installed to take the place of the old ones. The revenue re- ceived by the state for the inspection of these scales amounted to $9,870.24. The law provides an inspection fee for all scales over 500 pounds up to and including 4,000 pounds capacity, which is $1.00 ; over 4,000 pounds up to and including 21,000 pounds capacity, $3.00 each; scales over 21,000 pounds capacity, not including railroad track 28 434 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI scales, $5.00 each; railroad track scales, $10.00 each; all hopper or automatic scales, $2.00 each. The revenue received by the state for scale licenses is $6,108.00. The inspection of platform, counter and cream scales is also an important part of our work. Our records show there were 1,386 platform scales, 4,414 counter scales, 3,826 cream scales tested. Of the total number of these scales, which is 9,626, 505 were found to be incorrect, the same being condemned for repairs. A great many of these were found to be weighing in favor of the public. These scales have either been discontinued from use, replaced with new scales or repaired. The total revenue received by this department, which is $28,845.24, was turned over to the state treasurer and credited to the general fund of the state. This department is operated by a direct appro- priation of the legislature and cannot use any of the fees collected. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 435 WEIGHTS OF ONE BUSHEL, ONE PECK, AND ONE QUART OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS AS PROVIDED BY THE LAWS OF IOWA. 1 bushel pounds 1 peck pounds 1 quart ounces 48 24 60 48 56 60 56 56 14 20 14 50 48 50 50 20 40 60 80 40 70 75 56 48 48 40 56 40 44 50 50 56 80 50 32 52 28 32 14 32 45 48 33 22 45 50 60 48 70 56 60 48 50 14 60 56 80 130 20 50 40 55 50 50 55 50 60 50 51 12 6 15 12 14 15 14 14 VA 5 *A WA 12 12A 12A 5 10 15 20 10 ua 1SH 14 12 12 10 14 10 11 12^ 12H 14 20 12^ 8 13 7 8 3 A 8 UK 12 $A nx- 123^2 15 12 17M 14 15 12 12A 15 14 20 323^ 5 12A 10 12H 12H UK 13H 12% ny2 15 12A 24 12 Alfalfa Seed 30 24 28 30 28 28 7 10 7 25 24 25 25 10 20 30 Coal 40 20 35 373^ Corn, Shelled 28 24 24 20 FlaxSeed 28 20 22 25 25 28 40 25 Oats 16 26 14 16 7 16 22A 24 16^ 11 22^ 25 30 24 Pop Corn, Cob 35 28 30 24 25 7 30 28 Salt 40 Sand 65 Shorts . 10 25 20 25 25 22A 25 21A 25 30 25 1 dry qt. — 67.2 cu. ins. 1 liquid qt. — 57.75 cu. ins. A dry qt. holds 14 per cent more than a liquid qt. Dry commodities must be sold by weight or dry measure. 436 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI CANNING INDUSTRY OF IOWA The canning industry of Iowa is a larger agricultural industry than is realized by those not closely associated with it. In view of this fact the following figures and information will give the people of this state an idea of its importance and magnitude. The principal products packed in this state are : Sweet corn, to- matoes, pumpkin, kraut, and the winter lines of pork and beans, hominy, lima beans, kidney beans, etc. Other products canned in commercial quantities include green beans, beets, spinach and cher- ries. Iowa leads the world in canned sweet corn production. The vol- ume of canned tomatoes is small as compared with the output of CORN ON THE WAY TO THE CANNERY some of the principal tomato packing states, but the quality of Iowa tomatoes is superior. The tomato, while native to warmer climates, grows to perfection here and judges readily concede that tomatoes grown north of the frost belt are superior in texture and flavor. Ac- rurate statistics on pumpkin packs of other states are not available, but the extent of the pumpkin pack of Iowa has sufficient bearing on the market of the country to indicate that Iowa is one of the prin- cipal states in the production of this item. REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 437 While the volume of the sweet corn pack has reached the limit under existing freight rates, at least for the time being, there seems to be room for increased production of most of the other products. The corn canning industry is suffering as the result of heavy over- production in 1920, when the Iowa corn pack reached the total of 3,246,000 cases or 77,904,000 cans. This pack was produced at peak prices, for corn, cans, cases, labor and all other items going into cost of production, and had to be marketed on the falling market for food products which characterized the year 1921. The 1921 pack was very light, but there has been a partial recovery this year. The figures for production and market value for this year are, how- ever, not yet back to normal. Iowa normally packs one-sixth of the total sweet corn of the coun- try. With the exception of the years 1913, 1915, 1917, and 1921, Iowa has held first place in production ; the Illinois packs for each of these years slightly exceeds the Iowa packs. This year there were 42 plants operated for canning corn ; 11 for tomatoes ; 6 for pumpkin, and 4 for other products. The 1922 corn pack was 1,943,000 cases. The tomato pack was 163,819 cases. The value of the corn pack at prevailing retail prices is $6,000,000. The value of the pack of canned tomatoes exclusive of pulp and catsup on the above basis is $607,676.00; the pulp and catsup pack- will approximate $1,252,256.00 in value. The annual expenditure for canning labor will exceed $1,000,000. Acreages in Evergreen corn under contracts with canneries for the past four years, together with approximate average price per ton paid: Average price Year Acres Per ton 1919 47,811 $16.00 1920 47,511 14.00 1921 .14,398 9.00 1922 29,710 7.00 The average price per ton paid in 1914 was $7.00; in 1915, $8.00; in 1916, $8.00; in 1917, $12.00; in 1918, $14.00. Prices paid at various plants will vary from these prices by al- lowances for haul, unloading, etc. IOWA-NEBRASKA CANNERS ASSOCIATION The Iowa Canners Association last year adopted a new constitu- tion and by-laws and changed its name to Iowa-Nebraska Canners Association to include the four active Nebraska canneries. Eighty- 438 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI one per cent of the 1922 Iowa pack, or 1,571,000 cases, was canned by Iowa members of the association. The activities of the Iowa-Nebraska association might be grouped under three heads — general association activities, technological, and sanitary inspection of member plants. General association work in- cludes market survey and extension, freight rates, promotion of uniformity of grades and standards of quality, business ethics, trade statistics and data on acreage, production and stocks and their HUSKING ROOM movement. Technological activities include co-operative work on problems affecting production and quality, such as improving varie- ties of sweet corn, with respect to yields per acre and quality; seed supply; farming; improvement of canning processes; machinery and equipment problems; bacteriology and technology of sterilization or processing; and container and shipping package difficulties. The sanitary inspection of Iowa canneries by the association itself was instituted in 1919 as a division of the activities of the National Can- ners' Association. In 1922 the Iowa-Nebraska Canners' Associa- tion took over this work in Iowa and Nebraska. Under this service plants of members are inspected both before and during the packing seasons to see that the sanitary rules of the association are complied REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 439 with. This self-imposed and self-conducted inspection has the ad- vantage that inspections are conducted by a cannery specialist who is thoroughly familiar with all details of approved cannery construc- tion, canning machinery, cannery operations, and cannery problems. It is open to the objection that it is applicable to members only and that the association has no police power with which to enforce com- pliance with its sanitary requirements, and that the association and its inspectors are legally powerless to enforce regulations against - 2>»*iij>< in1 CANS READY FOR THE COOKER any canner who may be inclined to ignore the inspector's recom- mendations or instructions. During the past season the department placed one man on the inspection of canning factories so that a gen- eral survey could be made and a knowledge of the methods and equipment used by each factory obtained. His report shows that the majority of the canning factories are properly equipped with buildings and machinery to handle their products in a sanitary manner. Several were found, however, which were operating in old buildings with no proper means to dispose of waste matter, or of keeping floors and utensils clean. We expect next year to make a preliminary inspection of these factories and require such improvements to be made that will enable them to 440 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI handle their products with strict regard to the legal requirements before the season opens. In case such requirements are disregarded it will be necessary to revoke their licenses which give them author- ity to operate. The inspection shows that the present sanitary law is too general in its requirements for canning factories. Written as it is so as to render it applicable to bakeries, confec- tioneries, packing houses, slaughterhouses, dairies, creameries, res- taurants, hotels, groceries, meat markets, and all other places where STEAM PRESSURE COOKER food is manufactured or stored, our sanitary law neither goes into sufficient detail nor is sufficiently specific to meet the needs of a can- nery law. Under the sanitary law canners have difficulty in under- standing what is required and the determination as to whether or not certain practices are in violation of the law is quite frequently not possible. To remedy this difficulty the sanitary law should be amended by adding specific requirements for canning factories. Outbreaks of food poisoning which have occurred in the last few years have stimulated investigations as to their cause and the Na- tional Canners' Association, under the direction of Dr. Bigelow, has been active in this work. Other noted workers in this field are: Dr. M. J. Rosenau, of Harvard Medical School ; Dr. K. F. Meyer, REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 441 of Hooper Foundation for Medical Research; Dr. J. C. Geiger, of the U. S. Public Health Service ; and Dr. E. O. Jordan, of the Uni- versity of Chicago. Much of their work is completed, and among their conclusions are the following : 1. That many cases of illness are wrongly diagnosed as "ptomaine poisoning." 2. That of the total 41 known outbreaks of Botulism, which have occurred in this country, but 15 have shown commercially canned foods as the cause ; most of the rest were caused by improperly pre- pared home canned foods or home canned foods which did not keep. 3. That Botulism cannot result from consumption of properly packed commercially canned foods. The following shows comparatively the total sweet corn packs of commercial canneries for the past five years expressed in cases: 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 2,280,366 2,421,953 566,498 1,200,131 2,001,544 257,296 165,492 742,491 201,969 659,087 306,188 2,300,241 2,199,344 1,112,912 1,584,064 2,032,944 488,912 372,924 512,688 309,136 389,295 419,400 2,496,000 2,225,000 1,652,000 1,360,000 2,081,000 1,014,000 635,000 586,000 456,000 777,000 268,000 3,246,000 2,271,000 1,588,000 1,544,000 2,217,000 829,000 590,000 861,000 643,000 784,000 487,000 1,190,000 1,711,000 911,000 850,000 1,130,000 564,000 576,000 709,000 573,000 440,000 189,000 1,959,000 1,939 000 1.066,000 Ohio 1,073,000 1.944,000 616,000 625,000 665,000 598,000 Missouri | Michigan | Delaware ^ Vermont 1 Pennsylvania J 701,000 233,000 Total 10,802,952 11,721,860 13,550,000 15,040,000 8,843,000 11,419,000 442 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI CANNING PLANTS The following is a list of the Iowa canning companies, showing locations of plants and products packed in 1922 : KEY: A — Sweetcorn:C — Tomatoes; E — Green beans; F— Pumpkin; I— Hominy; J— Lima beans; K— Kraut; N — Succotash; Q — Beets; b — Cherries; i — Pork and beans; j — Spinach; p — Pulp; r — Red kidney beans; t — Catsup; Sp — Specialties; (N.O.) — Not operated 1922. *Designates principal office of companies operating more than one plant. Company Location Manager Products packed Ackley C. Co T. J. Gilloon A SidR. Clift A C J. W. Cuykendall A-F A Baxter Bros. Co. (office, Bruns- J. P. Baxter, Jr A-N Belle Plaine C. Co.... A. C. Geiger A Brighton C. Co W. 0. Schafer p-t Cambridge Pkg. Co Cambridge (N.O.) Cedar Falls C. Co. . Cedar Falls H. S. Gilkey... A E. J. Bealer C-E-Q-b Center Point C. Co Clarksville C. Co Clarksville A L. E. Denmire C C c Dexter-Farmer C. Co *Dexter E. H. Gunter A-F Dexter-Farmer C. Co Van Home Frank Woods, Supt Al Schori A Elgin C. Co Elgin A GilmanC. Co Gilman E. W. Virden (N-0.) Glenwood Fruit Pro Glenwood A. G. Beamer c Grimes C. Co *Grimes W. J. Stewart A-F-I-J-i-r Grimes C. Co (N-0.) Grimes C. Co Pella E. Hardy, Supt A-F Grimes C. Co Perry L. B. Reeves, Supt A Grimes C. Co Rockwell City Roy Chard, Supt A GrinnellC. Co Grinnell Geo. R. Kelley A Growers' C. Co (N.O.) Grundy C. Co (N.O.) GuttenbergC. Co C.W.Lake A Independence C. Corporation. . . . Iowa C. Co F. J. Wakerwarth A *Vinton G. E. Carrier A Iowa C. Co Garrison Ben McGirr, Supt (N.O.) Iowa C. Co C.J. Powell, Supt.... A Iowa C. Co Harry Bender, Supt Paul Reed A Iowa City C. Co Iowa City A Iowa Valley C. Co B. S. Schwartzbaw O.C.Mitchell A KelleyC. Co Waverly A Keokuk C. Co *Keokuk W. V. D. Maas c Keokuk C. Co c Lake Mills C. Co Lake Mills Irving Nelson A Merrell C. Co Harlan G. W. Kirtley A Marshall C. Co A-C-E-F-I-K-N- Marshall C. Co J-i-j-p-r-t-Sp- (N.O.) Marshall C. Co Joe Thompson, Supt H. M. Carpenter A Monticello C. Co (N.O.) Otoe Food Pro. Co L. E. Shannon, Supt A. R.Tracy A Red Oak C. Co Red Oak A Riverside C. Co F. W. Castleman c Sac City C. Co *Sac City. . A Sac City C. Co A Story Farmer C. Co Story City S. T. Farmer A Tipton Farmer C. Co Tipton J. LeRoy Farmer A Tripoli C. Association Tripoli L. W. Stagner A VirdenC. Co L. W. Perry A V. F. Farmer C. Co V. F. Farmer A Waterloo C. Co S.C.Bell A Waterloo C. Co 0. H. Lake, Supt A Waterloo C. Co A Weir C. Co Toledo H. V. Weir A Ziegler C. & Pres. Co F. L. Grigg C-K-F-p-t REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 443 CONDIMENTAL STOCK FOODS The law regulating the sale of these products requires, among other things, that the manufacturer pay an annual license of $100. Since the passage of this law several years ago there has been a con- tention by some of the manufacturers of these products that if their products were not labeled or represented as a food they were not required to pay the license. The department has had several cases in the courts to settle this matter, but has never been able to get a decision in the higher courts which would establish any certainty as to the requirements for this class of products. The result is that out of fifty-three manufacturers of these prod- ucts in the state, but twenty-six have paid their licenses, and the rest refuse on the ground that the law does not include their products. It is unfair to these twenty-six who pay this license to permit the other twenty-seven to operate without paying. I would recommend that the legislature amend this law in such a way as to clarify the situation and enable the department to enforce it without any misgivings as to the decisions of the courts. The law should define this class of products in such a way as to leave no question as to who is required to pay the license. COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFFS A list of commercial feeds analyzed by the department is given in the following table. The table shows the analysis as claimed by the manufacturer and that found by the department. The purpose of the law is to require all commercial feeds which are offered for sale in Iowa to be registered with the department. This registration shows the analysis of the feed and a list of the in- gredients of which the feed is composed. The law protects the con- sumer against misbranded, adulterated or short-weight feeds. It likewise protects the manufacturer of honest feeds against dishonest competitors. The feeder is thereby enabled to select the best feeds for his purpose by reading the label on the package. Registrations when made are permanent, but can be changed, upon written request by the manufacturer. The tax tag must be on every package of feed offered for sale, ex- cept wheat bran, shorts and middlings, rye bran, shorts and mid- dlings, and buckwheat bran, shorts and middlings, manufactured in this state. It is a violation of the law if this tag is not properly at- tached to each sack of feed. These tax tags are printed in 25-pound, 444 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI 50-pound, and 100-pound denominations and are furnished by the department at 10 cents per ton. IOWA FEEDING STUFFS LAW 100 Pounds R. G. Clark, Commissioner No. S417915 This is the Iowa official tag- for a 100-pound package of feed. Some manufacturers frequently do not attach the tax tag to each sack, but instead put the required number of tags in the car of feed, expecting the purchaser to place them on each sack. Often the dealer fails to do this and in some cases claims he saw no tags when he unloaded the car. The law requires the manufacturer to place these tags on each sack and he should not ask the dealer to do it for him, as the manufacturer is liable if the tags are not on each sack. When the feeder has reason to doubt the correctness of the brand- ing on the feed he buys he may take a fair sample of the feed and send to the Dairy and Food Commission with $1.00 and an analysis will be made for him. Samples should be taken from several sacks and mixed well together and a portion of this submitted for analysis. The department cannot make analyses for manufacturers. They should obtain this from their own chemist or a commercial chemist. The law makes no provision for the payment of a refund by the manufacturer, to purchasers of feeds which have been found to con- tain a less amount of protein than is stated on the label. Where there is no apparent intention of the manufacturer to violate the law, we will calculate the amount of refund on the basis of the protein defi- ciency to be paid to the purchaser. If the purchaser is a dealer it is understood that he will make a proper refund to each of his cus- tomers to whom he has sold some of the feed found below the guar- antee. Payment of the refund, however, will not restrict the depart- ment from taking such legal action as it may deem advisable. The analyses of feeds collected by the inspectors and reported in the following table shows that the manufacturer is observing the law in all but a few cases. The greatest discrepancy is found in tankage. This is due no doubt to a failure of some manufacturers to have REPORT OP STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 445 each lot of tankage analyzed before it leaves the factory. From samples of rendering house tankage submitted to the laboratory it is our opinion that very little of this product is suitable for feeding tankage. Much of it should be used for fertilizer. Filling- the Cans — An interesting- part of the job of putting up Iowa's sweet corn crop. INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES The law regulating the sale of insecticides and fungicides in Iowa became effective in 1917 and since that time fruit raising has become an industry of considerable proportions. The orchardist and the farmer with only a small orchard has found that without proper spraying of his fruit trees the crop is of little value. The State Horticultural Association and the extension service of the state college has been instrumental in instructing fruit growers how to care for their trees and in the use of proper spraying mate- rials. In order to determine the quality and the truthfulness of the labels on these products the department has analyzed a large number. Arsenicals must contain their arsenic in combined form and too much water soluble arsenic must be avoided, as it will affect the foliage. It is the chemical compounds of arsenic which adhere to the foliage and wood of the tree that destroys the insects and fungi. There is very little discrepancy between the branded analysis and that found by the chemists of the department. 446 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI THE LABORATORY There has been an increase in the number of samples which has passed through the laboratory and much information has been ob- tained as to the character of the different products covered by the law. Farmers have been making an increased use of the laboratory to check up the quality of the concentrates they feed and the stock remedies they use. The purpose of the law is to give them this service for a nominal fee and we are glad to see them take advantage of it. Much of the time of the chemist has been consumed in analyzing samples for county attorneys and attending court. The following table gives a list of the number of samples which have been analyzed in the laboratory : Milk and Cream 1916 Samples Ice Cream 105 Samples Miscellaneous Foods 217 Samples Paints and Oils 16 Samples Butter 272 Samples For County Attorneys 256 Samples Seeds 98 Sampels Stocks Food • 38 Samples Bacteriological 266 Samples Total 3184 Samples CITY MILK LICENSES Table showing the number of milk licenses issued to city milk dealers for each year from 1912 to 1922. In each case the year ends on July 4th. Year. .1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 No... 1,908 2,038 2,189 2,365 2,729 2,858 2,936 2,718 3,061 3,455 4,708 LOCAL STATE MILK INSPECTORS OF THE STATE OF IOWA Cities Inspectors Boone • W. H. McLain, D. V. M. Burlington W. F. Schroeder Cedar Rapids Dr. A. R. Menary Council Bluffs B. A. Moore Clinton J. H. Spence Davenport A. B. Haskins, D. V. M. Des Moines W. B. Barney, Jr. Dubuque p. A. Hodge Ft. Dodge B. Gilleas Ft. Madison R. L. Casey Iowa City C. S. Chase, M. D. Keokuk Geo. B. Narrley Marshalltown Dr. R. M. Allen Mason City , Dr. G. W. Cady Muscatine Dr. C. J. Hackett, D. V. S. Ottumwa Dr. E. F. Lowry Sioux City W. D. Hayes Waterloo C. L. McDermott REPORT OF STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 447 SUMMARY During the year ending October 31, 1922, our inspectors have made a total of 46,047 inspections, as follows : Grocery 11,276 Meat Market • 5,258 Milk Wagon ... 223 Bakery 1,218 Slaughter House 257 Restaurant 365 Coal Dealer 113 Elevator 14 Feed Store 157 Ice Cream Factory 611 Creamery 1,184 Dairymen • 480 Farm Dairy 683 Confectionery 732 Wholesale Grocer 15 Seed Dealer • 40 Bottling Works 46 Cream Station ... 4,430 Produce 3,144 Wagon Scales . . • 3,217 Counter Scales • 9,626 Gasoline Pumps 1,682 Measures 950 Miscellaneous 326 TOTAL 46,047 DAIRY AND FOOD COMMISSION Fees Received Year Ending October 31, 1922 Inspection Fee Tags $20,216.20 Seed Analyses Fees 28.00 Feeding Stuffs Analyses Fees 77.00 Stock Food Licenses • 2,350.00 Egg Dealers Licenses 7,361.00 Babcock Test Licenses 9,482.50 Scale Tag Licenses 6,204.00 Scale Inspection Fees 9,870.24 Sanitary Law Licenses ■ 17,481.00 Milk Dealers Licenses 5,697.00 Gasoline Pump and Meter Licenses 14,061.00 Cold Storage Licenses • 425.00 Butter Trade-mark Fees 90.00 Commercial Fertilizer Licenses 440.00 TOTAL $93,764.94 Fees collected by this department, as listed above, are not used by the department, but are turned over to the state treasurer as soon as received. 448 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI U5 00OO3O CON >* -H © >/J © -H OOOMNHO 5© oo co © «o to co cm 00 -H CM OO 00 0> «5 U5 M O) 1O00NIOW rooo)rt'*toioT)(ioo;p:«)'!)io!0'Hooiooiu5oooi MtO^OlOtlO' _ . TjiONNiOO' lOMCOOiOS IOJMNOOOO' • OCO-MOl- » S (5 • t~- —I CM © Tt< tO t— l»rH«JrHIM(ON MOiOOO-HOCOSOifflwOOffl-HrtCOOJNffl'l* -H©tOCO-*tl—c-"fCMC000-*t<-*C0tOCtOh~CM©CO"-'-'t<©l I CO 3S O 00 CO ** CO c ^3 •S.8 OCONCJlOOO-HMMTjINtOOMM' '-6N100'*!D3NTlHt0NO0000t^M(N -HOliHNMOl o> »— © CO to CM < O0 ■* -©»-H© >©--ieMCMCMCO«5-*>C^<«0'-l«0'^ JOS* a-M » :-j oMS' <<3rtC7slNC»)CS'*T)iOO5OO)00N- T 3 C) ?] C O O r^ 233 61 1,481 79 27 284 1,780 215 1,411 1,683 1,781 OB © CD — c O OO CO ■«* O CM O O — CO — t}< 77 568 225 1,031 788 140 2,784 1,022 109 468 152 2,244 543 812 100 957 2,813 6 1,068 50 1 ,429 2,100 21,614 1,133 505 © — OOON^OiOf OO-h OOiDCOCMCOCO©CO — WOi'MlONOOClNO'M N i" n k ^ c c :■- r - •; r. x m - M M o o o s r. ci t n -f f i - oo o N00OM-" © t>. tK CM © CO — COiO'*COCM©iO©~ NOiCOH CO ■>*•■* © OOrt^OfMOtDOOOOOOCOlOiON »f»ON^NNOXOCIC)NM»-. 00 ClOONOffJMOO- ^lO^OClCO-rtOCONOtCiONNSinfflrH !OOt"OOooomNNNn ■*ecKSO-C WOOOfCM n a •m 3 — — • DIM -1 — COCC i1 a CM — -* CO ID 0 T* IC co a — — — a OOOOOifllC CO O r— CM r- ©1"^ — r~ — © — ©©CC CO CM. CO — © CO ID id CO c- iDCir^OOCDCOOCOCO — 'HOOMM'-'fitoroocscooooo-Hio co co r~ oo — i — co o >* "* co co oi o — co CM — ^©©©lOCriiO-fCMCOiD — ©© © OO o cm co o co © OO r— © 00 O to ID O O O © CO -+• 'D CM CO T* -f -?• OO 93 — 1 — CO © O) 00 CO ~ — CO CM — CO I co co — id ~ i or co co -r r^ © t— as — - id r-~ © co t~ oi id © © co © — n:.i-i---i>i-! •** © co t>- — co t* CO i— i © —i © >CM — ©CMlDCOCMCOt^— O0©©i . © r* — ID ^ CO — loo cn-cixor.N t co «CONCOCOT)ll> — CM — CM CM CM 3 1,111,001 402,972 5,398,337 373,120 246,940 1,120,215 6,584,490 910,995 5,382,820 314,639 5,876,671 4,010,118 165,630 99,648 275,191 3,840 2,276,138 122,586 5,480,879 140,750 149,119 684 ,035 2,238,339 769,615 ID CM ID ©_co_co r^. t^ id ©COT* — t~- © CO © 724,124 735,804 4,506,590 466,376 7,118,898 2,939,130 891,144 1,098,013 8,025,916 167,950 3,229,324 1,703,835 4,798,476 10,821,607 54,930,688 4,416,800 2,404,278 CO CM CM r^ CM CM CO CO © CO co oo CO — © CM © © CM CM l~- — T* IDT* 12 oa CM S OS CO 8 © — © © © © CO !>•_©_ T* — t^. © CO CO 22,563 303 ,000 138,299 39,922 207,686 147,401 t- ©© ©o- © oo lr~ © r* — eo_ o© CM Tfl ©_© CM — COt^ t*co 20 696,855 975,532 12,000 Ol O ID CO © CM eo © O) CO 12 CD O© — 00 ID OO ID 00 © ID ID © ID © © ■«CH © CM CM 00 © © IT*© — — — I ID CO CM CM t^. — CO — t* CM •<* CM t^ — CM — COCM — CO CO ■<* , I — CO CO © t>. CO — COCOCM — CO00©< 1 : 1 J § § H4 : -j :if ll :lsl'ig-s ill :1| = 11 1 11 III III U 1 II JIlllJlISlllWlI iiL, lug; o o' ^«J !MM,Sat3^SSSSSSSSb> -a a ft em ft <*> C3 o — .2 (-< o r3 a W C Hi & 3 a > 0 :3 5 1890 19.7 +1.8 61 —27 2.03 +0.98 3.46 0.35 -- 1891 26.0 +8.1 58 — 4 1.75 +0.70 3.99 0.61 ~13 T "ii 1892 15.3 —2.6 76 —38 1.09 + 0.04 3.13 0.10 6.9 5 16 9 6 1893 9.3 —8.6 54 —34 0.74 —0.31 3.20 0.13 6.9 6 11 9 n 1894 19.3 +1.4 69 —37 1.09 +0.04 2.24 0.31 6.0 5 14 9 8 1895 13.6 —4.3 68 —31 0.85 —0.20 2.65 0.09 8.7 4 15 7 9 1896 23.4 +5.5 68 —20 0.48 —0.57 2.10 T. 2.8 3 10 10 11 1897 17.2 —0.7 66 —30 2.01 +0.96 6.16 0.15 8.2 7 12 7 12 1898 23.4 +5.5 52 —11 1.60 +0.55 5.32 T. 12.6 5 15 6 10 1899 19.8 25.6 +1.9 +7.7 68 66 —34 —20 0.28 0.53 —0.77 —0.52 1.15 2.47 T. T. 1.5 2.3 3 3 15 16 10 7 6 1900 8 1901 23.7 +5.8 60 —21 0.74 —0.31 2.34 0.04 6.2 4 14 9 8 1902 22.4 +4.5 63 —31 0.88 —0.17 2.83 0.19 9.4 4 17 8 6 1903 23.0 +5.1 60 -12 0.28 —0.77 1.46 T. 2.0 4 13 7 11 1904 14.0 —3.9 57 —32 1.18 +0.13 3.68 0.02 6.1 6 12 8 11 1905 11.2 24.6 -6.7 +6.7 56 —30 —19 0.91 1.52 —0.14 +0.47 1.82 4.71 0.12 0.28 11.1 11.3 7 5 14 14 7 6 10 1906 11 1907 18.8 +0.9 68 —22 1.52 +0.47 5.30 0.10 6.0 7 8 7 16 1908 24.9 +7.0 60 —18 0.44 —0.61 1.50 0.06 4.6 2 17 8 6 1909 21.2 +3.3 72 —25 1.66 + 0.61 3.74 0.41 7.8 6 9 6 16 1910 18.1 +0.2 56 —35 1.57 +0.52 3.15 0.55 12.6 6 13 7 11 1911 20.2 +2.3 66 —35 0.97 — O.08 3.73 0.11 7.3 5 9 8 14 1912 4.2 -13.7 49 —47 0.53 —0.52 1.90 T. 5.5 5 14 7 10 1913. . 20.9 +3.0 62 —25 0.77 —0.28 2.05 0.04 7.2 5 14 9 8 1914 27.8 +9.9 64 —10 0.88 —0.17 2.34 0.27 5.1 5 11 8 12 1915 17.5 —0.4 59 —32 1.63 +0.58 3.15 0.10 7.3 8 13 8 10 1916 17.8 —0.1 63 —34 2.62 +1.57 6.07 0.85 7.2 10 12 6 13 1917 17.0 —0.9 60 —28 0.83 —0.22 2.07 0.17 7.2 4 17 8 6 1918 8.6 —9.3 53 —35 1.02 —O.03 2.79 0.26 11.2 7 13 8 10 1919 26.8 +8.9 64 —32 0.24 —0.81 0.86 T. 2.8 2 20 5 6 1920.. 16.7 —1.2 58 —26 0.42 —0.63 1.05 T. 4.6 4 12 8 11 1921 28.4 +10.5 67 — 9 0.51 —0.54 1.92 0.10 4.1 4 11 7 13 1922 19.8 + 1.9 57 —29 0.89 —0.16 2.30 0.32 5.3 4 17 6 8 T. indicates an amount too small tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. to measure, or less than .005 inch precipita- FEBRUARY February, like January, was subject to a large number of sudden temperature changes, but on the whole a very pleasant month with no periods of cold weather of long duration. The temperature averaged above normal except over a small area in the northwest corner and the IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 567 departures increased uniformly to the south and southeast, the greater departures in the south being due principally to a storm that crossed the State on the 22d, which gave usually high temperatures over all the south- ern division and much of the central, while over a large portion of the northern division the maximum did not go much above freezing. The prec-pitation averaged above normal over all divisions, though there was a deficiency over about half of the central and southern divi- sions. Most of the precipitation occurred from the 21st to the 23d, in connection with the storm that crossed the State on the 22d. Over a large area in the northeast portion the precipitation was excessive and as a result the worst flood ever experienced this early in the season occurred. The storm was accompanied by severe thunderstorms generally through- out the State and there was cons'derable loss to stock and buildings from lightning, but the greatest damage was due to floods, which affected most of the northeast section, being especially severe in Allamakee, Clayton, Winneshiek, Fayette, Bremer and Delaware counties. Over practically all of this area unusually heavy rainfall occurred, and, owing to the frozen condition of the ground, all the water soon found its way to the streams, which were soon out of banks, and many miles of roads and railroads were covered with from three to five feet of water. All railroads were damaged by having bridges washed out and road beds injured, but the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad from West Union to Turkey River Junc- tion was hardest hit, and the stage at points along the Turkey River was the highest ever known. Over this strip 24 railroad bridges were washed out and several miles of track was washed away, and it was necessary to suspend railroad traffic for 10 days. No railroad in the flooded area was able to maintain schedules. Many families were forced to vacate their homes and in Independence 10 blocks were flooded. There was also con- siderable damage from ice, as the storm terminated in a glaze storm, and as a result telephone, telegraph and electric wires were put out of com- mission and industries that depended on electric current for power were forced to suspend till the damage could be repaired and many homes had to resort to primitive lighting methods. Many valuable fruit and shade trees were ruined by the weight of the ice. The snowfall was the least ever recorded in February since records have been kept, the average for the State being but 1.3 inches, and many stations reported no snow whatever, and there was less snow cover than in any previous February. In the winter wheat section there was practically no snow protection during the entire month, but the injury from freezing was apparently less than could be expected under the cir- cumstances. Clover was injured somewhat in some of the northern counties. The weather was generally favorable for the outdoor activities. Roads were unusually good for the season with very little sleighing except in the extreme northern portion, and until the general storm of the 21st-23rd, many roads in the southern and central divisions were dusty. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 30.14 inches. The highest recorded was 30.97 inches, at Sioux City on the 28th, and the lowest was 29.24 inches, at Charles City, on the 1st. The monthly range was 1.73 inches. 568 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the rec- ords of 96 stations, was 23.7°, or 3.2° higher than normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as follows: North- ern, 18.4°, or 1.3° higher than the normal; Central 24.7°, or 4.0° higher than the normal; Southern, 28.0°, or 4.4° higher than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 31.3°, at Burlington, and the lowest 14.8°, at Rock Rapids The highest temperature reported was 70°, at Clarinda and Mt. Ayr, on the 21st, and the lowest was -20°, at Inwood, on the 13th. The temperature range for the State was 90°. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 79 per cent, and at 7 p. m. it was 66 per cent. The mean for the month was 72 per cent, or 8 per cent lower than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 85 per cent, at Charles City, and the lowest was 66 per cent, at Keokuk. Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by the records of 97 stations, was 1.59 inches, or 0.44 inch greater than the nor- mal. By divisions the averages were as follows: Northern, 1.96 inches, or 1.05 inches more than the normal; Central, 1.43 inches, or 0.23 inch more than the normal; Southern, 1.39 inches, or 0.04 inch more than the normal. The greatest amount, 4.56 inches, occurred at Fayette, and the least. 0.40 inch at Spencer. The greatest amount in any 24 hours, 3.20 inches, occurred at Fayette, on the 21st-22d. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the northwest. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau Station was 55 miles per hour, from the west, at Sioux City, on the 1st. Snowfall. The average snowfall for the State was 1.3 inches, or 6.1 inches less than normal. The greatest amount, 7.4 inches, occurred at Rock Rapids, and there were 21 stations that reported only traces, and 10 stations no snow whatever. The snowfall for the State was the least ever recorded, being just half of the least amount previously recorded, which was in 1902. Rivers. Low and nearly stationary stages prevailed on the Mississippi and interior rivers until after the general storm of the 21st-22nd, when a sharp rise occurred in the Mississippi and a high stage continued through the rest of the month. Ice gorges caused local floods on many interior rivers and bridges were threatened by ice jams which had to be dyna- mited. In the northeast portion of the State high water and ice caused great damage. Low and nearly stationary stages prevailed on the M:ss- ouri the entire month. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 65, or 9 per cent more than the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau Stations was as fol- lows: Charles City, 46; Davenport, 63; Des Moines, 73; Dubuque, 64: Keokuk, 68; Sioux City, 67; Omaha, Nebr., 73. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Aurora: 12th, 14th.. Birds (migration of ) : Columbus Junction, robins, 16th; Earlham, blue birds, 21st, black birds, 22d. Fog: 1st, 9th, 19th, 21st, 22d. Hail: 1st, 21st, 22d, 23d. Halos (lunar and solar) : 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 17th, 22d, 23d, 26th 27th, 28th. Meteor: 12th. Sleet: 1st, 4th, 5th, 18th, 21st, 22d, 23d, 26th, 27th. Thunderstorm: 19th, 21st, 22d. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 569 COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— FEBRUARY. YEAR Temperature Precipitation Number of Days 1890 26.0 +5.5 1891 19.4 —1.1 1892 28.1 +7.6 1893 16.4 19.7 —4.1 —0.8 1894 1895 16.4 —4.1 1896 27.4 +6.9 1897 24.7 24.2 +4.2 +3.7 1898 1899 _-_ 12.2 —8.3 1900 14.8 —5.7 1901 17.5 —3.0 : 1902... 17.6 —2.9 1908 19.8 —0.7 1904 14.8 —5.7 1905 12.8 23.6 —7.7 +3.1 19f)fi 1907 25.0 + 4.5 1908 24.3 +3.8 1909 26.2 +5.7 1910 17.8 27.3 18.1 —2.7 +6.8 —2.4 1911 1912 1913 20.2 —0.3 1914 16.8 29.1 -3.7 i +8.6 1915 1916 19.0 —1.5 1917 15.2 —5.3 1918 23.0 +2.5 1919 24.9 +4.4 1920... 24.0 +3.5 1921 31.0 +10.5 1922 23.7 + 3.2 67 —24 70 — 31 68 —20 60 —28 60 j— 19 73 —33 78 —13 61 —24 62 —18 75 j— 40 60 —27 49 —21 62 1—21 56 —21 70 —26 69 —41 66 —32 65 —31 59 —16 62 —26 58 —21 71 —13 57 —30 70 —24 59 —29 62 I— 8 62 —32 65 —16 59 —22 76—5 70 —20 0.83 1.16 1.20 1.39 0.89 0.49 0.71 0.89 1.20 0.89 1.30 1.01 0.73 1.18 0.41 1.57 1.29 0.71 1.69 1.54 0.46 2.76 1.21 0.82 0.87 2.93 0.55 0.36 0.95 2.42 0.56 0.77 1.59 —0.32 +0.01 +0.05 +0.24 —0.26 —0.66 —0.44 —0.26 +0.05 —0.26 +0.15 —0.14 —0.42 +0.03 —0.74 +0.42 +0.14 —0.44 + 0.54 +0.39 -0.69 + 1.61 +0.06 —0.33 —0.28 +1.78 —0.60 —0.79 —0.20 + 1.27 —0.59 —0.38 +0.44 2.18 2.41 2.18 2.91 2.41 1.34 2.40 1.81 3.65 4.32 4.57 3.00 2.39 3.25 1.99 2.97 2.91 1.95 3.95 4.72 2.09 5.46 3.25 2.39 1.99 5.39 1.38 1.19 2.10 4.12 1.75 2.00 4.56 0.11 0.55 0.12 0.06 T. 0.02 0.04 0.22 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.02 0.30 T. 0.44 0.20 0.06 0.23 0.30 T. 0.50 0.04 0.07 0.32 0.43 0.05 T. 0.09 1.32 0.04 T. 0.40 5.0 8.1 8.4 3.3 5.4 8.0 7.8 7.1 9.9 9.7 2.6 7.9 4.5 15.5 6.1 4.6 8.9 7.7 4.0 7.0 11.2 7.3 9.2 9.4 6.0 3.5 6.0 9.9 4.1 6.5 1.3 10 5 11 6 3 14 8 6 12 6 5 10 9 4 14 7 6 10 9 9 9 5 4 14 8 3 14 8 5 14 7 8 11 5 5 9 6 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 inch precipita- tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. THE WINTER OF 1921-1922. The mean temperature for the three winter months was 23.9°, which is 3.1° above the normal for the State, and 4.7° lower than the mean for 1920-1921, which was the warmest winter ever recorded in the State. The highest temperature reported was 70°, at Clarinda and Mt Ayr, on February 21st. The lowest temperature reported was -29°, at Charles City, on January 6th, and Mason City, on January 24th. The average monthly precipitation for the State was 1.17 inches and the average total precipitation was 3.50 inches or, 0.08 inch more than the winter normal. The average total snowfall, unmelted, was 9.5 inches, the least ever recorded, which is 11.0 inches below the normal, and 8.5 inches less than the winter of 1920-1921. The least ever recorded heretofore was 12.0 inches, during the winter of 1906-1907. The total number of days with .01 inch or more of precipitation was 13, or 1 less than the winter of 1920-1921. The average number of clear days was 45; partly cloudy, 22; cloudy, 23, as compared with 34 clear days, 22 party cloudy days and 34 cloudy days during the winter of 1920-1921. ' 570 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII MARCH The mild weather that prevailed throughout the winter continued during March and the usual features that characterize this month were lacking. Several storms of more than ordinary severity passed near the limits of the State, but they were generally accompanied by very little wind and less rain and snow than usual. The exception was the storm that passed immediately south of the State on the 19th, and the only damage of consequence reported occurred during the passage of this storm, which crippled telephone and telegraph service in the central and west-central portions' of the State. It was necessary to route telegrams between Des Moines and Omaha in a roundabout way and telephone serv- ice was entirely suspended until the broken poles and wires could be re- placed. The temperature averaged 5.0° above normal, which is the greatest excess since the present series of months with the temperature above normal began in December. The month opened cold and the lowest tem- perature generally occurred en the 2d, with a minimum of zero, or lower, over most of the northern division and slightly above zero over the cen- tral and southern divisions. The temperature rose above normal on the 3d, and except on an occassional day, continued above normal till the 26th, when a moderately cold period set in and the rest of the month was slightly below normal. The precipitation for the State was slightly above normal and was more uniform both as to distribution and the time of occurrence than usual, but over the greater portion of the State more than half of the monthly total occurred during the storm of the 18th-19th. The general weather conditions were favorable for plant development, but farm work was somewhat retarded on account of the soil being too wet to work and at the end of the month no spring seeding had been done except in a few small, scattered areas. Fruit buds had not developed as far as usual and at the end of the month all buds were apparently un- injured. Winter wheat and grass were making good growth and it will be necessary to plow up very little winter wheat. Building operations made an active start under very favorable conditions. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 30.04 inches. The highest recorded was 30.81 inches, at Sioux City on the 1st, and the lowest 29.26 inches, at Charles City, on the 6th. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 98 stations, was 38.3°, or 5.0° above the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as follows: North- ern, 35.8°, or 5.3° higher than normal; Central, 38.8°, or 5.3° higher than normal; Southern, 40.4°, or 4.5° higher than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 43.6°, at Fairport, and the lowest monthly mean was 33.6°, at Milford. The highest temperature reported was 74°, at Burling- ton, on the 23d, and the lowest was -5°, at Fayette, on the 2d. The tem- perature range for the State was 79°. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7. a. m. was 81 per cent, and at 7 p. m. it was 68 per cent. The mean for the month was 74 per cent, which is practically normal. The highest monthly IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 571 mean was 81 per cent, at Charles City, and the lowest was 72 per cent, at Sioux City. Snoiv. The average snowfall for the State was 3.0 inches, or 2.3 inches less than the normal. The greatest amount, 9.0 inches occurred at Alta, and the least, a trace, at Bonaparte, Corning and Pella. Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by the records of 101 stations, was 1.97 inches, or 0.20 inch more than the nor- mal. By divisions the averages were as follows: Northern, 1.39 inches, or 0.14 inch less than the normal; Central 2.00 inches, or 0.13 inch less than the normal; Southern, 2.52 inches, or 0.60 inch less than the normal. The greatest amount, 3.73 inches, occurred at Chariton, and the least, 0.76 inch, at Independence and Spencer. The greatest amount in any 24 con- secutive hours, 2.18 inches, occurred at Belle Pla.ne on the 19th. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the southeast. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau Station was at the rate of 46 miles per hour, from the northwest, at Sioux City on the 25th. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 49, or 9 per cent less than the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau Stations was as fol- lows: Charles City, 46; Davenport, 42; Des Moines, 46; Dubuque, 47; Keokuk, 45; Sioux City, 55; Omaha, Nebr., 62. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Aurora: 1st, 13th, 14th. Birds (migration of): Alton, meadow larks, 12th, robins, 13th; Corydon, robins, 5th, blue birds, 13th, black birds, 23d; Jefferson, meadow larks and robins, 4th; Nora Springs, robins 21st; Oskaloosa, blue birds and robins, 4th; Poca- hontas, meadow larks, 3d, robins, 17th. Fog: 3d, 6th, 7th, 19th, 24th, 27th, 30th. Hail: 10th, 14th, 18th, 19th, 24th, 25th. Halos (lunar and solar): 2d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 25th. Parhelia: 10th, 13th. Sleet: 6th, 9th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 25th 28th 29th 31st. Thunderstorms: 6th, 10th, 18th, 19th, 23d, 24th, 25th. Rivers. Moderate stages with a general rising tendency prevailed on the Mississippi River and most interior streams with the crest stages after the general rains on the 18th-19th. The Missouri was subject to numerous fluctuations with a sharp r'se at the beginning of the third week. The ice moved out of the upper reaches of the Mississippi River on the 6th and on the 13th ice in the Missouri broke up doing very little damage. 572 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— MARCH. YEAB Temperature Precipitation Number of Days !=• « • o D s n^S O a 3 S3 CD •4J I « 3 u C8 00 +J c3 Go ol £ a. to P. C3 O *- C s W ^ H s a 3 H (72 £~ s Pn 1890. 1891. 1892- 1893- 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903- 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910- 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 28.0 —5.3 75 —24 26.8 —6.5 66 —19 31.9 —1.4 84 — 6 31.8 —1.5 84 — 8 41.0 +7.7 84 — 5 34.4 +1.1 94 —11 30.9 —2.4 81 — 1: 32.0 —1.3 72 -2:-l 37.5 +4.2 72 — & 23.0 -10.3 75 -li 30.7 —2.6 81 -i: 34.2 + 0.9 76 39.1 +5.8 79 -l 38.8 +5.5 82 « 34.8 +1.5 78 41.5 +8.2 84 27.1 —6.2 65 -l 40.6 +7.3 92 37.9 + 4.6 85 — . 32.5 —0.8 71 — l. 48.9 +16.6 92 -it 39.4 +6.1 83 24.9 —8.4 70 —li 31.9 —1.4 78 —23 34.7 +1.4 78 — : 29.3 —4.0 61 —5 35.2 + 1.9 80 —18 34.6 +1.3 85 —12 42.9 +9.6 85 0 37.5 +4.2 78 —11 38.0 +4.7 80 —21 42.8 4-9.5 86 4 38.3 +5.0 74 — 5 1.57 2.60 2.22 2.14 2.03 0.83 1.10 2.39 1.94 1.62 2.06 2.64 1.45 1.38 2.18 2.04 2.34 1.35 1.58 1.53 9.17 0.93 2.01 2.48 1.69 0.96 1.57 1.84 0.63 2.33 3.02 1.57 1.97 —0.20 3.67 +0.83 4.58 +0.45 4.58 +0.37 4.40 +0.26 4.52 —0.94 2.60 —0.67 3.99 + 0.62 6.16 +0.17 6.21 —0.15 5.90 +0.29 5.15 +0.87 5.25 -0.32 4.33 —0.39 3.90 + 0.41 4.57 +0.27 3.70 +0.57 4.55 —0.42 5.05 —0.19 3.74 -0.24 5.00 —1.60 1.37 —0.84 4.84 +0.24 5.25 +0.71 5.88 —0.08 3.84 —0.81 2.12 —0.20 5.80 +0.07 4.35 —1.14 2.12 +0.56 5.40 + 1.25 5.70 —0.20 6.62 +0.20 3.73 0.32 1.33 0.57 0.64 0.26 0.22 0.16 0.29 0.33 0.37 i 0.45 ! 0.70 j 0.13 | 0.15 I 0.50 I 0.89 | 0.58 0.23 0.45 0.28 0.00 T. 0.60 0.74 0.28 ! 0.17 0.23 0.57 I 0.03 0.81 ! 0.47 0.17 0.76 I 10 3.9 6 4.0 8 2.7 6 2.9 4 5.4 5 5.5 8 3.7 6 12.6 1.3 3.9 4.4 4.1 8.9 4.1 1.1 19.1 5.3 1.8 8.8 2.9 6.2 2.6 1.1 2.4 0.2 3.4 6 11 9 1 13 16 12 9 12 7 12 10 9 11 8 8 8 14 13 12 23 16 15 11 12 6 11 6 I 14 3 19 6 15 7 15 7 14 7 12 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 inch precipita- tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. APRIL Nearly normal conditions prevailed during April, though both tempera- ture and precipitation showed a slight excess. The temperature excess was general and uniform throughout the State except in the northeastern and south central portions where small areas showed a slight deficiency. The first nine days of the month were warm and in this period most of the excess occurred. During the rest of the month temperature changes were frequent, though not decided, with cool weather predominating. Frosts were general over the greater portion of the State as late as the 29th, but as vegetation had been retarded in growth the last two weeks very little damage resulted from frosts and it was thought that all fruit buds were uninjured at the end of the month, except possibly strawberries sustained slight damage in the south central portion. The precipitation was below normal over most of the southern division, the extreme northwest and most of the counties bordering the Mississippi River. Most of the precipitation occurred during the first eleven days, when showers occurred almost daily, and as a result very little farm work IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 573 was accomplished in this period and the seeding of oats was delayed. After the eleventh only two shower periods occurred in connection with the relative strong winds that prevailed the greater portion of the time. the soil dried rapidly and caused a great deal of oats to fail to germinate or resulted in a very poor stand. At the end of the month many fields in the drier western sections that were intended for oats were being pre- pared for corn. Many storms occurred throughout the State, especially during the first eleven days. On the evening of the 6th, shortly after 8 p. m. a tornado developed in the eastern portion of Dallas County and its influence was felt in Polk, Boone and Story Counties, but the greatest damage occurred in the northeast corner of Dallas County and the northwest corner of Polk County. The storm originated near Moran and moved in a generally northeasterly direction but the actual path was somewhat zigzag and the tail of the funnel did not reach the earth at all points in its course. Five farms were directly in its path. Two dwellings were partially destroyed, resulting in the death of one woman and the injury of eleven people. The loss to farm buildings was heavy, many being completely destroyed and the contents scattered in all directions. The loss to buildings, stored grain and stock was estimated at $200,000. On the same afternoon severe hail storms occurred at many places in the western portion of the State, the damage being particularly heavy to greenhouses in Council Bluffs and it was estimated that the damage to glass and hothouse plants amounted to .$100,000. On the 11th there appeared to be several tornadoes in the southwestern portion of the State that were accompanied by severe hail, the greatest damage being confined to Adams, Taylor and Ringgold Counties. Many buildings were destroyed and many fruit trees and tele- phone poles broken down. No human lives were lost but the loss to stock was heavy. Horses were killed by buildings collapsing, and hogs and chickens were killed by hail stones which were as large as hen's eggs, and a stone in the shape of a disk was reported seven inches long and three inches wide. The northwestern portion of the State was visited by a heavy, wet snow on the 11th, that broke down trees and completely wrecked telephone and telegraph lines. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 30.00 inches. The highest recorded was 30.58 inches, at Davenport, on the 28th, and the lowest was 28.92 inches, at Des Moines, on the 8th. The monthly range was 1.66 inches. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 98 stations, was 49.9°, or 1.2° higher than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fol- lows Northern, 47.5°, or 0.8° higher than the normal; Central, 50.4°, or 1.5° higher than the normal; Southern, 51.8°, or 12° higher than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 53.8° at Keokuk, and the lowest was 45.2° at Northwood. The highest temperature reported was 87° at Thurman, on the 6th, and the lowest was 21° at Boone, on the 1st. The temperature range for the State was 65°. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 79 per cent, and at 7 p. m. it was 59 per cent. The mean for the month 572 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— MARCH. YEAR Temperature Precipitation Number of Days r-i e» >> •a • O 3 a o 3 u 03 +3 GO 1 o Hi es OB g 3 M 03 09 C3 Go .3 • H O 60 4-> O Eh Pi P 2 C3 V Hi O a CO 0) 5 —9- 2.39 + 0.62 +0.17 6.16 0.29 5.5 8 9 R 14 1898 37.5 +4.2 72 1.94 6.21 0.33 3.7 6 12 9 10 1899 23.0 —10.3 75 —H 1.62 —0.15 5.90 0.37 8.0 6 7 12 12 1900 30.7 —2.6 81 — l; 2.06 +0.29 5.15 0.45 6.6 5 12 9 10 1901 34.2 +0.9 76 — 2.64 +0.87 5.25 0.70 12.6 7 10 8 13 1902 39.1 38.8 +5.8 +5.5 79 S2 -l < 1.45 1.38 —0.32 —0.39 4.33 3.90 0.13 0.15 1.3 3.9 7 7 9 11 11 7 11 1903 13 1904 __„ 34.8 +1.5 78 2.18 +0.41 4.57 0.50 4.4 7 8 8 15 1905 . 41.5 +8.2 84 2.04 +0.27 3.70 0.89 4.1 7 8 8 15 1906 27.1 —6.2 65 — l 2.34 +0.57 4.55 0.58 8.9 10 8 7 16 1907 40.6 +7.3 92 — 1.35 —0.42 5.05 0.23 4.1 6 14 7 10 1908. 37.9 +4.6 85 — . 1.58 —0.19 3.74 0.45 1.1 6 13 7 11 1909 32.5 —0.8 71 — l. 1.53 —0.24 5.00 0.28 9.8 6 12 10 9 1910 48.9 39.4 +16.6 +6.1 92 83 -it 0.17 0.93 —1.60 —0.84 1.37 4.84 0.00 T. T. 1.9 1 5 23 16 6 9 ? 1911. 6 1912 24.9 —8.4 70 —it 2.01 + 0.24 5.25 0.60 19.1 7 15 6 10 1913. 31.9 —1.4 78 —2b 2.48 +0.71 5.88 0.74 5.3 9 11 10 10 1914 34.7 +1.4 78 — 1 1.69 —0.08 3.84 0.28 1.8 7 12 8 11 1915— : 29.3 35.2 —4.0 + 1.9 61 80 -5 —18 0.96 1.57 -0.81 —0.20 2.12 5.80 0.17 0.23 8.8 2.9 5 6 8 11 9 9 14 1916 11 1917 34.6 +1.3 85 —12 1.84 +0.07 4.35 0.57 6.2 6 14 8 9 1918 42.9 +9.6 85 0 0.63 —1.14 2.12 0.03 2.6 3 19 7 5 1919 - 37.5 +4.2 78 —11 2.33 + 0.56 5.40 0.81 1.1 6 15 8 8 1920. 38.0 +4.7 80 —21 3.02 +1.25 5.7U 0.47 2.4 7 15 7 9 1921 42.8 +9.5 86 4 1.57 —0.20 6.62 0.17 0.2 7 14 8 9 1922... _ 38.3 +5.0 74 — 5 1.97 +0.20 3.73 0.76 3.4 7 12 6 13 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 inch precipita- tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. APRIL Nearly normal conditions prevailed during April, though both tempera- ture and precipitation showed a slight excess. The temperature excess was general and uniform throughout the State except in the northeastern and south central portions where small areas showed a slight deficiency. The first nine days of the month were warm and in this period most of the excess occurred. During the rest of the month temperature changes were frequent, though not decided, with cool weather predominating. Frosts were general over the greater portion of the State as late as the 29th, but as vegetation had been retarded in growth the last two weeks very little damage resulted from frosts and it was thought that all fruit buds were uninjured at the end of the month, except possibly strawberries sustained slight damage in the south central portion. The precipitation was below normal over most of the southern division, the extreme northwest and most of the counties bordering the Mississippi River. Most of the precipitation occurred during the first eleven days, when showers occurred almost daily, and as a result very little farm work IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 575 COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— APRIL. TEAR Temperature I a Precipitation Number of Days o £ ' o . >» c3 o £ a M A a CO £* 5 Pn s 1S92 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 .- 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 51.8 50.6 45.4 45.5 51.7 54.2 54.5 47.9 48.1 48.9 52.2 49.9 48.2 49.8 44.1 47.5 52.5 41.5 50.5 43.8 52.5 46.7 49.9 50.2 48.6 57.2 47.1 45.5 44.8 48.4 42.4 52.4 49.9 + 3.1 88 2 1.80 —1.06 4.46 + 1.9 93 13 2.15 —0.71 5.06 — 3.3 88 14 4.75 +1.89 8.38 — 3.2 96 15 4.21 +1.35 8.51 + 3.0 93 12 3.07 +0.21 6.91 + 5.5 98 8 2.62 —0.24 5.88 + 5.8 94 10 5.02 + 2.16 9.67 — 0.8 89 19 5.35 +2.49 9.86 — 0.6 91 14 2.56 —0.30 4.82 -f 0.2 89 1 2.40 —0.46 5.76 + 3.5 89 19 2.67 —0.19 6.62 -)- 1.2 92 15 1.79 —1.07 3.47 - 0.5 96 9 1.71 —1.15 4.15 + 1.1 86 17 2.98 +0.12 6.00 — 4.6 86 13 3.63 +0.77 8.97 — 1.2 90 10 3.03 +0.17 5.49 + 3.8 94 22 2.42 —0.44 5.55 — 7.2 80 10 1.32 —1.54 3.22 + 1.8 91 8 2.24 —0.62 4.59 — 4.9 86 14 4.58 + 1.72 9.43 + 3.8 99 15 1.48 —1.38 4.86 — 2.0 86 3 3.09 +0.23 6.04 + 1.2 84 20 2.66 —0.20 5.66 + 1.5 88 16 3.28 +0.42 7.43 — 0.1 88 11 2.52 —0.34 5.03 + 8.5 95 18 1.41 —1.45 4.02 — 1.6 90 11 2.62 —0.24 5.92 — 3.2 88 17 4.55 + 1.69 7.84 — 3.9 79 12 2.32 —0.54 4.20 — 0.3 81 20 4.78 + 1.92 9.00 --6.3 78 22 4.59 +1.73 7.13 + 3.7 88 14 3.34 +0.48 6.69 + 1.2 87 21 3.06 +0.20 6.70 0.38 0.59 2.43 1.24 0.55 0.28 2.35 2.22 0.27 0.56 0.43 0.66 0.40 0.74 1.52 0.63 0.53 0.24 0.67 0.83 0.10 1.33 0.78 1.12 0.37 0.05 1.13 2.C5 1.01 1.94 1.93 0.99 1.04 6 14 9 8 14 7 5.7 9 8 9 6.0 10 8 9 0.2 9 11 11 2.1 5 14 8 4.5 11 11 10 T. 11 9 9 T. 8 13 9 2.0 7 12 11 0.9 6 12 9 2.0 5 14 8 T. 5 14 11 0.8 9 11 9 1.4 7 15 6 1.2 8 12 8 0.6 8 14 9 2.7 6 12 8 0.3 8 14 8 3.1 12 9 9 3.0 7 14 7 3.6 9 11 8 1.1 8 13 8 2.7 9 15 5 0.3 8 10 8 T. 7 15 10 1.1 10 10 9 3.8 11 9 7 3.5 9 12 8 0.7 14 8 8 2.0 12 8 9 3.6 10 13 7 1.0 9 11 9 T. indicates an amount too small and less than .05 inch snowfall. to measure, or less than .005 inch rainfall report on Mississippi river flood of april, 1922, dubuque district. By Thomas A. Blair, Meteorologist. Weather Bureau Office, Dubuque, Iowa, May 11, 1922. Warm weather during the latter half of March over the drainage area of the Mississippi River above Dubuque, particularly in Minnesota and Wisconsin, had resulted in considerable run-off, raising the Mississippi and its tributaries above- Dubuque to rather high levels. There followed during the first ten days of April frequent and moderately heavy rains, attended by unusually warm weather. Although the snow cover was thought to be less than the average, the result was a flood beginning at La Crosse on April 12, and reaching its maximum stage at Dubuque on the 21st, of a magnitude which has been equaled but three times in the past 50 years. In the maximum stages reached this flood was very nearly the counter- part of that of March and April, 1920, but in the manner of rise there was considerable difference. In 1920 a rather rapid rise began immediately 576 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII after the breaking up of the ice, becoming very rapid as the crest of the flood was approached. In 1922 the river opened about the middle of March and from that time to the end of March moderately high stages, sufficient to overflow the lower islands and bottoms, were maintained with little change. Then began a continuous and approximately uniform rise until about five days before the peak was reached, then the rate in- creased considerably but did not attain the rate reached in 1920. In the latter half of its rise it resembled very closely the floods of 1880 and 1888, but these latter were more rapid in the early stages. Maximum stages reached from La Crosse to Dubuque in the six floods of the past 50 years are shown in the accompanying table: La Crosse __ Lansing Prairie du Chien. Dubuque Flood Stage 1880 1881 1888 1916 1920 1922 i2 18 16.0 13.2 14.5 13.6 16.4 18.3 19.8 14.2 17.3 19.6 21.0 13.7 17.3 18 18 21.5 21.7 19.0 20.2 20.0 21.4 19.4 21.0 It is evident that a large part of the flood waters came from above La Crosse, for the maximum stage there was 1.7 feet above flood stage, and the highest at Lansing was the same as that of two years ago, but a flood exceeding that of 1920 was in progress on the Wisconsin River at the same time and added considerably to the stages reached at Prairie du Chien and Dubuque. The peak of the Wisconsin flood wave reached Prairie du Chien, however about three days earlier than that from the Mississippi and hence the crests occurred at Prairie du Chien and Du- buque a little earlier and were a little lower than would have been the case if the Wisconsin flood had been a few days later. From below La Crosse to below Lansing the damage was comparatively slight, as is usually the case with spring floods. The largest item aside from the injury to and the cost of protection of railroad roadbeds was the collapse of a warehouse filled with ice at Lansing. At Prairie du Chien about one-fourth of the town was under water, and the people were travel- ing on the streets by boat. As a result of the warnings, all live stock and much movable property were moved to higher portions of the city, while many families either moved from their residences altogether or moved to the second floors. Railroad traffic east into the Wisconsin Valley and north into the Kickapoo Valley was suspended. Opposite Prairie du Chien, at Marquette and McGregor, Iowa, buildings along the river front were inundated, causing interruption of business. Much land was overflowed in the vicinity of Cassville, Wis., and Waupeton, Iowa, causing a loss esti- mated at about $50,000. At Dubuque the overflow was a duplicate of that of 1920. Many plants and establishments along' the river front and on the lower ground back from the river were surrounded or partially surrounded by water, and several were forced to suspend operations. Practically all of the factories and wholesale houses in the southern end of the town suffered flooded basements. Considerable lengths of track of the Illinois Central, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads were under water, and traffic was diverted and partially sus- pended. Much labor and material were used in protecting tracks and IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 577 enbankments from undermining. A high northwest wind on the 19th, when the river was within five inches of its maximum stage, added to the difficulties of the railroads and others in preventing the wearing away of dikes. Many families living in the lowlands on both sides of the river were temporarily driven from their homes, and a much larger number had flooded basements. At least 14 cottages, situated on the islands in the vicinity of Dubuque and used as summer residences, were carried away by the flood waters in conjunction with the high wind on the 19th. On April 12th, nine days before the crest of the flood reached Dubuque, flood warnings were issued for the entire district from below La Crosse to Dubuque. On April 17th definite forecasts of maximum stages were made, as follows: Lansing, 17.0 feet; Prairie du Chien, 19.5 feet; Dubuque, 21.0 feet. Warnings were distributed by mail to all towns in the district, an those having property subject to overflow in general did whatever could be done to remove or protect it, so that the preventable loss was slight. Statistics of Money Loss by Flood in the Mississippi River, Dubuque River District, April, 1922. Losses to tangible property that can only be restored by the outlay of cash, includes loss to buildings, factories, municipal plants, highways and bridges $68,000 Losses to railroads, principally expenditures in protecting and restoring tracks and roadbeds 35,000 Loss of crops ' 10,000 Loss of prospective crops 3,500 Loss of live stock or other movable property 4,000 Loss due to suspension of business 20,000 Total losses reported $140,500 Money value of property saved by warnings, as reported 154,000 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD From below Dubuque to Muscatine, April, 1922. By Andrew M. Hamick, Meteorologist. Weather Bureau Office, Davenport, Iowa, May, 20, 1922. During the first 21 days of April, 1922, rain fell on some part of the watershed of the Mississippi River from Muscatine northward on every day but three. The frequent rains, while not very heavy, except on the 10th and 16th, fell on a well-saturated soil and the run-off was above normal. As an index of the general situation, note the conditions at Davenport: The precipitation during the month of March was 3.40 inches, 1.19 inches above normal. There were 21 cloudly days during the month, and con- sequently little evaporation. The percentage of possible sunshine was 42, 16 per cent below the normal for March. 37 578 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII The rivers were rising steadily in the vicinity of Prairie du Chien and Dubuque by the end of March, and the continued rainy weather during the first ten days of April made it apparent that a flood would be experi- enced in the Davenport District during the last decade of the month. Forecasts were issued daily for a steady rise, and on April 14 interests were advised that the crest stage would reach Davenport during the week of April 23-29. On April 17 a general flood warning was issued to the effect that the crest stages would equal those of the 1920 flood in this District. On Wednesday, April 19, the following definite stages were forecast: Clinton, 19.0 feet by Saturday; Le Claire, 13.0 feet by Saturday; Davenport, 17.0 feet by Saturday, and Muscatine, 19.0 feet by Saturday mght. Those stages were reached within one-tenth of a foot at all sta- tions. At Davenport, the crest stage was 17.1 feet on April 23, exactly the same as the crest in the flood of 1920; at Clinton, the crest stage was 19.0 feet, during the night of April 21-22, exactly the same as the crest in 1920; at Le Claire the crest was 12.9 feet during the night of April 22-23. 0.5 foot less than the crest in 1920, but the difference was due to the gage readings being affected by a dam which has been built near Le Claire since 1920, as the overflowed area was practically the same; at Muscatine, the water rose above the permanent river gage, and a temporary gage showed a stage of 19.1 feet on the morning of the 23d, and reached the crest stage of 19.5 feet on the 24th, the h.ghest of record. Levees in the vicinity of Muscatine have been strengthened considerably since the flood of 1920, and, therefore, a much higher gage reading resulted; the highest stage reached in 1920 was 18.0 feet, but the levees gave way and prevented what would have been at least another foot rise. On April 26, the levee broke at a point ten miles north of Burlington, and that relieved the situation at Muscatine, even though the crest had already been reached at the latter place. Forecasts and warnings were given wide distribution by mail, news- papers, telephone, and radio, and all interests had ample time to protect their property. No losses were sustained as a result of being unpre- pared to meet the emergency. In the vicinity of Muscatine and New Boston hundreds of men worked day and night, patrolling and strength- ening the levees; high northwest winds on April 19 made conditions critical for the Illinois side of the river, but fortunately the levees held, and favorable weather prevailed during the remainder of the week. A careful survey of the Tri-Cities and their environs is summed up as follows. Loss and damage due to flooding of property which could not be protected $37,000 Added expenses, incurred in protection work 9,000 Losses due to suspension of business 1,000 Muscatine reports items similar to above and crop loss totaling $31,000, also that $400,000 worth of property was saved by the warnings. No loss of life by drowning occurred in this District as a direct result of the flood. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 579 MAY May, 1922, was characterized by remarkably uniform temperatures, the range between the northern and southern divisions amounting to only 2.4° and the range for the State was the least ever recorded since State wide records began in 1890. For the second time in 33 years the mini- mum temperature did not reach the freezing point, the lowest tempera- ture recorded being 34°, which is the highest May minimum of record, and only a few light frosts occurred on the 13th which did no damage. The mean temperature averaged nearly three degrees above the normal and most of the excess occurred during the first twelve days. During the rest of the month the temperature was near normal though mostly slightly below normal and the last two days rather cool. The precipitation averaged more than an inch below normal and was very unevenly distributed. The greatest deficiency occurred in the north- ern division. The central and southern division averaged near normal due to decided excess over the central and south-central sections. Over much of the western and north-central portions of the State, a drouth set in during April that was not relieved during the entire month of May and at the end of the month the drouth was serious over a large area. Up until the 23d only light showers occurred at frequent intervals, but on the 23d a general shower period set in that continued for five days over a large portion of the State and excessive amounts were recorded at many points in the central, south-central and southeastern portions of the State. Over th*s area farm work was temporarily stopped or greatly retarded and many corn fields became weedy and large patches were covered with water. At most stations reporting reavy amounts the rate of fall was moderate and most of the water was absorbed by the soil without causing serious flood damage, but at FAirlington the rain fell at a remarkably rrpid rate on the afternoon of the 26th, and a serious flood occurred. Rain began falling at 2:30 p. m. and increased rapidly and at 3:15 p. m. the total fall for 45 minutes' from the time of beginning was 2.35 inches, which is one of the heaviest falls ever experienced in the State. The sewers were not adequate to carry the water from the streets and at points in the city the water was over four feet deep. Great damage was done to all kinds of property but power plants, railroads and business houses with goods stored in basements were the heaviest losers. The damage to property and goods in Burlington was estimated at $200,000, and the loss to crops, and buildings and railroads in the vicinity was probably as great. Hail storms were frequent and covered much of the State and in local- ities were severe. On the evening of the 6th a storm occurred at Boone and vicinity that did considerable damage to greenhouses and crops and on the late afternoon a severe storm occurred in the vicinity of Iowa City that damaged fruit greatly, broke many window glasses and killed chickens. This storm assumed tornadic characteristics particularly near Tiffin, Johnson County, and did considerable damage to fru't trees and small farm buildings. On the afternoon of the 11th a tornado occurred about one mile southeast of Plainfield, Bremer County, which caused damage to a number of homes and destroyed a large number of farm 580 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII buildings. One man was severly injured; horses, cattle, hogs and chickens were killed and fruit trees suffered considerable damage as a result of this storm. The path .of the storm where the greatest damage occurred was about two miles wide and four miles long. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 29.92 inches. The highest recorded was 30.38 inches at Duqubue, on the 28th, and the lowest was 29.41 inches at Davenport, on the 18th. The monthly range was 0.97 inch. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by thi records of 98 stations was 63.4° or 2.9° higher than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fol- lows: Northern, 61.9°, or 2.9° higher than the normal; Central, 64.0°, or 3.3° higher than the normal; Southern, 64.3°, or 2.6° higher than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 67.8°, at Fairport, and the lowest was 60.4°, at Estherville. The highest temperature reported was 91° at Cedar Rapids, on the 10th, and the lowest was 34° at Pocahontas on the 13th and Washta, on the 7th and 13th. The temperature range for the State was 57°. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 77 per cent, and at 7 p. m. it was 58 per cent. The mean for the month was 68 per cent, which is just normal. The highest monthly mean was 72 per cent, at Charles City, and the lowest was 62 per cent, at Sioux City. Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by the records of 100 stations, was 3.53 inches, or 1.04 inches less than the nor- mal. By divisions the averages were as follows: Northern, 2.47 inches, or 2.01 inches less than the normal; Central, 3.92 inches, or 0.67 inch less than the normal; Southern, 4.21 inches, or 0.43 inch less than the normal. The greatest amount, 8.36 inches, occurred at Ames, and the least, 0.47 inch, occurred at Algona. The greatest amount in 24 consecutive hours, 3.90 inches, occurred at Lacona, on the 24th Wind. The prevailing direction was from the south. The average velocity was 8.0 miles per hour, or 0.7 mile less than the normal. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau Station was at the rate of 48 miles an hour, from the southwest, at Sioux City, on the 11th. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 59, or 3 per cent less than the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau Stations was as fol- lows: Charles City, 56; Davenport, 55; Des Moines, 56; Dubuque, 52; Keokuk, 65; Sioux City, 54; Omaha, Nebr., 72. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Aurora: 20th. Fog: 3d, 13th, 16th, 17th, 24th, 30th. Frost: (light) 13th. Hail: 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 26th, 28th, 30th. Halos: 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 27th. Rainbows: 5th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 26th. Thunderstorms: All dates except 1st, 7th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 28th, 29th, 31st. Tornadoes: 8th, 11th. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 581 Rivers. Gradually falling stages prevailed on the Mississippi River except south of Clinton, where a slight rise occurred after the rains that set in on the 23d. Moderate stages prevailed on the Missouri River with very little fluctuation except about the middle of. the month when a moderate rise occurred. Low stages prevailed on most interior rivers but a sharp rise accurred on the Skunk, Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers after the heavy rains the last week of the month. COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— MAT. Temperature Precipitation Number of Days YEAR S3 C9 B a X5 to w OS % O 1-5 o £ 3 *a u es a a «> CO OJ 43 03 0> M o es CO 3 «M o a CQ i-i m o t- • o « S ^ t-, &o £3 . S3 s 3 O V 43 03 >> 3 O D 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 — 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 67.7 58.3 54.0 56.6 61.1 61.7 65.5 58.5 59.6 60.2 63.2 60.7 63.8 61.6 59.6 58.3 60.8 53.5 59.4 57.9 55.4 64.9 62.7 59.4 62.2 56.1 59.9 55.1 64.9 58.2 59.4 63.3 63.4 —2.8 —2.2 -€.5 —3.9 +0.6 +1.2 +5.0 —2.0 —0.9 -0.3 +2.7 +0.2 +3.3 +1.1 -0.9 -2.2 +0.3 —7.0 —1.1 —2.6 —5.1 +4.4 +2.2 —1.1 +1.7 —4.4 —0.6 —5.4 +4.4 —2.3 —1.1 +2.8 +2.9 90 94 88 96 96 104 100 96 92 90 98 95 97 91 93 88 95 96 93 97 89 98 97 102 98 99 94 95 98 93 89 99 91 26 21 29 26 22 24 34 20 26 27 22 28 25 24 27 28 24 14 13 18 18 23 29 30 25 25 27 18 25 30 29 25 34 3.56 3.18 8.77 3.45 1.87 3.19 6.69 1.92 4.67 6.23 3.31 2.35 5.39 8.55 3.78 5.95 3.54 3.48 8.34 4.34 3.41 3.76 3.33 6.24 3.31 7.34 4.93 3.87 6.87 3.11 3.26 4.23 3.53 —1.01 —1.39 +4.20 —1.12 —2.70 —1.38 +2.12 —2.65 +0.10 +1.66 —1.26 -2.22 +0.82 +3.98 -0.79 +1.38 —1.03 —1.09 +3.77 —0.23 -1.16 —0.81 —1.24 +1.67 —1.26 +2.77 +0.36 —0.70 +2.30 —1.46 -1.31 —0.34 -1.04 6.44 7.10 12.64 5.82 4.77 5.79 11.79 3.59 7.82 11.47 6.98 4.57 18.04 15.45 8.15 10.83 10.72 7.68 14.33 7.85 6.91 8.73 6.41 10.25 6.90 13.21 10.44 7.33 11.98 7.14 5.73 9.41 8.36 1.61 1.46 4.87 1.65 0.33 0.84 3.40 0.21 2.22 3.09 0.96 0.72 0.87 2.88 1.50 2.57 0.89 0.71 1.33 1.86 1.29 0.42 0.72 3.14 0.30 3.82 2.14 1.69 2.72 0.73 0.62 1.32 0.47 "t"." 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 0.1 T. 0.7 0 0 T. T. T. 0.6 T. 0 0 0 0 9 8 16 9 6 9 12 6 12 13 8 7 13 16 8 14 11 10 15 9 10 9 10 13 10 14 12 10 13 9 8 10 12 10 14 5 13 17 11 11 16 9 9 14 16 10 9 13 12 13 11 9 12 15 16 14 11 14 9 13 15 13 13 14 14 13 13 9 9 9 10 12 12 10 10 12 10 9 12 12 10 11 10 10 11 12 7 9 11 8 11 9 10 8 11 11 9 10 10 8 8 17 9 4 8 8 6 12 10 7 6 9 10 8 8 8 10 11 7 9 6 6 12 6 13 8 8 7 7 8 7 8 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 inch precipita- tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. JUNE June was considerably warmer than normal and unusually dry. The month opened cool and the first three days were the coldest of the month. After the third the temperature was continuously above normal except a single day near the middle of the month and a short period during the last week when temperatures were slightly below normal. The warmest day occurred over practically the entire State on the 23d and temperatures of 100°, or higher, were reported from a number of stations in the north- west portion. 582 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII The outstanding feature of the month's weather was a severe drouth that covered practically the entire State. The rainfall average for the State was the same as in 1911, which previous to this June was the driest of record. Light showers occurred at frequent intervals, but they were not sufficient to maintain the normal growth of staple crops. Corn had not advanced to a stage where it could be permanently injured, but the hot weather started the leaves to curl in many fields in the drier sections. Oats suffered most. Much of the crop in the west-central and northwest counties headed too short to be harvested and was grazed off. Barley and spring wheat also were injured. Pastures, hay, truck crops and gardens also suffered greatly on account of the dry weather. Winter wheat, al- falfa and rye were not materially injured. High winds were frequent and considerable damage resulted from this source to standing grain, farm buildings, windmills and trees, but they were all straight blows and no tornadoes are known to have occurred. Hailstorms occurred at many places on many dates, but the damage was much less than usual on account of the storms being confined to smaller areas than ordinary. A rather severe storm in Union Township, Kossuth County, on the 5th did considerable damage to crops and killed several hundred chickens, a number of hogs and cattle and two horses. Another hailstorm, of more than ordinary severity, in Cerro Gordo County on the 12th caused much damage to crops and broke the glass in greenhouses. In both storms stones of unusual dimensions were reported and heaps of stones remained unmelted for ten hours. The month was unusually favorable for all outside work. Building operations were carried on with practically no interruption and at the end of the month most cf the corn crop had been laid by. The general rain the last of the month greatly relieved the drouth, but it came too late to save many gardens, truck crops and berries. Roads were unusually good during the entire month. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 95 statons, was 72.2°, or 3.1° higher than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fol- lows: Northern, 70.9°, or 3.3° higher than the normal; Central, 72.6°, or 3.3° higher than the normal; Southern, 73.1°, or 2.8° higher than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 75.2°, at Glenwood and Thur- man, and the lowest was 67.3°, at Postville. The highest temperature reported was 104°, at Inwood, on the 23d, and the lowest was 38°, at Decorah on the 1st and Washta on the 3d. The temperature range for the State was 66°. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 29.96 inches. The highest recorded was 30.37 inches, at Sioux City, on the 25th, and the lowest was 29.53 inches, at Sioux City, on the 10th. The monthly range was 0.84 inch. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 74 per cent, and at 7 p. m. was 51 per cent. The mean for the month was 62 per cent, or 8 per cent below the normal. The highest monthly mean was 67 per cent, at Dubuque, and the lowest was 58 per cent at Sioux City. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 583 Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by the records of 99 stations, was 1.82 inches, or 2.56 inches less than the nor- mal. By divisions, the averages were as follows: Northern, 1.67 inches, or 2.76 inches less than the normal; Central, 1.34 inches, or 2.98 inches less than the normal; Southern, 2.46 inches, or 1.93 inches less than the nor- mal. The greatest amount, 7.19 inches, occurred at Corning, and the least, 0.28 inch, at Iowa City. The greatest amount in 24 consecutive hours, 3.20 inches, occurred at Corning on the 30th. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the southwest. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau station was 67 miles an hour, from the south, at Sioux City on the 8th. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 75, or 6 per cent above the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau stations was as follows: Charles City, 74; Davenport, 82; Des Moines, 74; Dubuque, 70; Keokuk, 81; Sioux City, 61; Omaha, Nebr., 81. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Fog: 2d, 3d. Hail: 4th, 5th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 25th, 26th. Halos (lunar and solar) : 1st, 4th, 10th, 14th, 16th, 24th. Strong Winds: 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 22d, 23d, 24th. Thunderstorms: all days during the month except on the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 7th, 17th, 21st, 23d, 29th. Rivers. Low, gradually falling stages prevailed on the Mississippi River till the middle of the month, after which nearly stationary stages prevailed. Low and nearly stationary stages prevailed on all interior rivers. A moderate rise occurred on the Missouri River at the beginning of the month and a general rising tendency prevailed most of the time. 584 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— JUNE. TEAR Temperature Precipitation Days © £ >> ■a 3 a •j. o "3 © Eh 43 tn 10 en =1 03 H .c . lH "3 es Ui -4-> 0, 03 o S ^ u a A W (-} Eh s O A a CO £ 5 a Ph 1890 1891 1892 1893 „.. 1894 1895 1896. 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 _ 1904 1905.. _ 1906 1907... 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920... _ 1921 1922 72.7 69.1 69.2 71.2 73.2 69.7 69.1 69.1 71.4 70.7 69.7 72.3 65.2 64.6 67.1 69.9 67.9 66.5 67.1 69^5 75.7 66.2 71.5 72.2 65.1 64.5 66.0 70.8 71.9 70.7 74.7 72.2 +3.6 106 44 7.76 +3.38 16.53 1.57 11 12 10 0.0 99 37 5.39 +1.01 19.88 1.68 11 8 10 +0.1 102 42 5.19 +0.81 14.16 0.67 10 12 11 +2.1 100 40 3.91 —0.47 7.56 1.36 8 15 11 +4.1 104 34 2.67 —1.71 6.20 0.57 7 16 10 + 0.6 102 34 4.32 —0.06 9.26 0.98 10 11 11 0.0 100 40 3.11 —1.27 7.89 0.81 9 12 13 0.0 103 29 3.81 —0.57 9.38 1.03 10 10 12 +2.3 99 42 4.72 +0.34 12.48 1.90 9 13 10 +1.6 100 42 5.04 +0.66 11.99 1.10 10 12 13 +0.6 102 38 3.98 —0.40 12.35 0.67 5 17 10 +3.2 106 30 3.71 -0.67 7.84 1.05 9 15 11 —3.9 97 32 7.16 +2.78 16.04 1.46 14 8 11 —4.5 96 30 2.86 —1.52 6.04 0.75 10 13 10 —2.0 94 35 3.45 —0.93 8.35 0.44 7 13 10 +0.8 100 36 5.53 +1.15 14.89 1.80 10 12 11 —1.2 99 37 3.92 —0.46 8.27 1.48 8 15 10 —2.6 98 36 5.35 +0.97 9.33 2.07 11 14 9 —2.0 94 35 5.66 +1.28 11.88 1.77 13 12 10 0.0 96 40 6.41 +2.03 13.30 2.80 13 12 10 +0.4 105 33 1.99 —2.39 5.51 0.05 7 18 7 +6.6 108 36 1.82 —2.56 6.28 0.06 5 20 8 —2.9 101 34 2.74 —1.64 5.71 0.78 7 15 9 +2.4 102 33 3.31 —1.07 8.95 0.74 7 19 8 +3.1 101 40 5.57 +1.19 13.24 1.17 13 12 14 —4.0 91 31 4.16 —0.22 9.99 1.72 11 12 12 —4.6 96 38 3.71 —0.67 7.96 1.41 10 13 11 —3.1 100 32 6.65 +2.27 13.82 3.04 12 13 10 +1.7 104 38 5.29 +0.91 10.19 1.55 11 16 10 +2.8 98 41 6.13 +1.75 12.25 1.82 13 12 12 +1.6 99 40 3.56 —0.82 8.48 1.25 9 16 10 +5.6 100 40 3.76 —0.62 8.85 0.56 9 16 10 +3.1 104 38 1.82 —2.56 7.19 0.28 6 19 8 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 Inch rainfall and less than .05 inch snowfall. JULY July was cool and wet. Since State-wide records began in 1890 there have been but five times that the mean temperature for July has been lower and only four times has there been more rainfall. The month was characterized by remarkably uniform temperature, the entire absence of hot periods and an unusual number of damaging wind, hail and thunder- storms. The mean temperature for the month was 2.6° below normal and the deficiency was uniform over all divisions. This is the first month of the year that the mean temperature has been below normal and the second since August, 1920. Over most of the northern division, about half of the central and a large portion of the southern division the maximum tem- perature was below 90° and only once since 1890 has the maximum for the State been lower. There was a decided excess in precipitation and all stations, except a few in the northern division, reported more than the normal. The first general rainstorm set in on the 5th, and the drouth that had prevailed over portions of the State since May was effectually broken, except in a IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 585 few small areas, and thereafter rather general thunderstorms occurred at frequent intervals and at the end of the month there was sufficient mois- ture over the entire State. Nearly all the rains were attended by severe hail, strong winds and destructive lightning and the damage from these sources was unusually heavy. The first hailstorm of a damaging character occurred on the evening of the 5th, starting near the junction of Calhoun, Green and Webster Counties and moving southeastward across Boone County to the southern portion of Story County and the northern portion of Polk County. Many thousand acres of corn were severely damaged and areas covering whole sections were entirely ruined. One township in Story County reported damage ranging from 10 to 85 per cent to 20,000 acres and the entire loss in this storm from wind and hail probably ex- ceeded $1,000,000. Another severe hail and windstorm occurred in Bremer and Blackhawk Counties on the 15th that damaged corn and other crops over a large area. On the late afternoon of the 16th a severe hail, wind .and electric storm developed in the northern portion of Green County and moved southeastward to Jasper County. At Paton, Boone, Colfax and Newton tornadic characteristics developed and many buildings were wrecked fruit and shade trees uprooted and cornfields leveled, but the greatest damage came from hail, which entirely destroyed many fields. Floyd and Bremer Counties were visited by a severe wind and hailstorm on the night of the 29th-30th that did much damage to crops and small buildings. The storm apparently originated in Minnesota and moved across Mitchell County into I*loyd and Bremer Counties and increased in severity and disappeared in Chickasaw County. Tornadic characteristics were evident at Colwell, Floyd County, but the principal damage was caused by hail and straight winds. A large number of scattered hail and windstorm occurred over the State that did considerable damage. A de- tailed account will appear in the August report. The losses caused by the destructive storms were more than offset by the benefit derived from the copious rainfall and the corn crop generally became excellent in condition, other growing crops greatly revived and pastures and meadows were almost as green as in early spring. The soil was in good condition for plowing and many acres were prepared for winter wheat. Small grain, both in shock and standing, were damaged greatly by the continued wet weather and wind. The apple crop is un- usually heavy and many trees are breaking down under the great load of fruit. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 30.00 inches. The highest pressure recorded was 30.35 inches, at Dubuque, on the 13th, and the lowest was 29.46 inches, at Sioux City, on the 9th. The monthly range was 0.54 inch. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 98 stations, was 71.5°, or 2.6° lower than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fol- lows: Northern, 69.8°, or 2.9° lower than the normal; Central, 71.7°, or 2.6° lower than the normal; Southern, 73.0°, or 2.2° lower than the nor- mal. The highest monthly mean was 75.5°, at Keokuk, and the lowest was 67.2°, at Postville. The highest temperature recorded was 98°, at Burlington, on the 9th, and the lowest was 40°, at Estherville, on the 7th. The temperature range for the State was 58°. 586 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 79 per cent, and at 7 p. m. it was 57 per cent. The mean for the State was 68 per cent, which is the normal. The highest monthly mean was 72 per cent, at Charles City, and the lowest was 62 per cent at Keokuk. Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by the records of 100 stations, was 6.31 inches, or 2.35 inches more than the normal. By divisions the means were as follows: Northern, 5.23 inches, or 1.35 inches more than the normal; Central, 6.59 inches, or 2.61 inches more than the normal; Southern, 7.11 inches, or 3.C9 inches more than the normal. The greatest amount, 11.72 inches, occurred at Mt. Ayr, and the least, 3.13 inches, at Northwood. The greatest amount in 24 con- secutive hours was 4.32 at Fayette, on the 6th and 7th. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the south. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau station was 48 miles per hour, from the northeast, at Sioux City, on the 8th. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 64, or 10 per cent less than the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau stations was as fol- lows: Charles City, 65; Davenport, 65; Des Moines, 56; Dubuque, 60; Keokuk, 75; Sioux City, 53; Omaha, Nebr., 74. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Fog: 11th, 30th. Hail: 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 15th, 16th, 25th, 26th, 28th, 30th. Halos (Lunar and Solar): 6th, 11th, 20th, 21st, 28th. Rainbow: 15th, 31st. Thunderstorms: all dates during the month except 3d, 4th, 13th, 18th. Tornado: 16th, 29th. Rivers. Moderate stages prevailed on the principal rivers with very little change except following the heavy rainstorms. Stages were gen- erally low in the interior rivers, though rather high in the lower reaches of the Des Moines and Skunk Rivers following the heaviest rains. Most of the rains were absorbed by the soil and the run-off was gradual. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 587 COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— JULY. TEAR Temperature Precipitation Number of Days o£ 3 a © to a) CO "3 © m o w "3 a ft c3 o u o o O © (H « a a (3 a Hi Eh 0 a i-i 03 £ ~ Ph 1890 1891 1892 75.6 68.5 73.0 1893 75.0 1894- ~ 76.4 1895 72.1 1896 73.6 1897 75.6 1898 - — 73.4 1899 73.1 1900 73.4 1901 82.4 1902 73.1 1903-— 72.9 19J4 70.6 1905 70.6 1906 70.9 1907 73.7 1908 1909 1910 73.0 72.3 74.5 1911 75.5 1912 74.6 1913— 76.1 1914 76.6 1915 69.5 1916 79.7 1917 74.3 1918_ „ 1919 73.1 77.4 19°0 72.3 1921 1922 77.9 71.5 +1.5 -5.6 —1.1 +0.9 +2.3 —2.0 —0.5 +1.5 —0.7 —1.0 —0.7 +8.3 —1.0 —1.2 —3.5 —3.5 -3.2 —0.4 -1.1 —1.8 +0.4 + 1.4 +0.5 + 2.0 +2.5 —4.6 + 5.6 +0.2 —1.0 +3.3 —1.8 +3.8 110 104 102 109 104 104 100 102 101 102 113 90 100 100 102 102 102 100 102 108 111 103 108 109 i 92 !l05 106 38 105 40 104 41 102 45 104 41 i 98 ! 40 1.98 4.22 5.29 47 ! 3. 0.63 3.40 6.90 3.26 2.98 3.07 6.15 2.34 8.67 4.83 4.41 2.91 3.04 7.27 3.66 4.77 4.86 2.27 3.71 1.82 2.27 8.32 1.78 2.27 3.17 2.86 4.22 2.53 —1.98 +0.26 +1.33 —0.63 —3.33 —0.56 + 2.94 —0.70 —0.98 —0.89 +2.19 —1.62 +4.71 +0.87 +0.45 —1.05 —0.92 +3.31 —0.30 +0.81 —2.10 — 0^25 —2.14 —1.69 +4.36 —2.18 —1.69 —0.79 —1.10 +0.26 —1.43 +2.35 5.00 8.20 12.86 8.84 3.50 10.10 12.67 7.60 12.88 8.66 18.45 5.97 13.57 12.72 LI. 97 7.08 7.05 3.66 9.21 .2.20 5.69 6.62 7.56 6.23 6.50 15.83 6.87 6.06 8.05 7.82 7.49 7.45 LI. 72 0.37 1.67 1.71 1.49 T. 0.45 1.61 1.01 0.55 0.42 1.80 0.27 4.82 0.94 1.28 0.69 0.26 3.97 0.70 1.20 0.12 0.08 1.17 T. 0.44 3.68 0.10 0.23 0.26 0.39 1.11 0.42 3.13 3 18 8 S 13 13 9 16 10 7 19 10 3 22 8 7 15 12 9 14 11 6 18 10 7 19 9 7 16 10 9 16 10 5 21 9 13 14 10 9 17 9 10 16 9 9 14 10 8 18 10 13 16 11 8 16 10 10 15 8 7 19 8 7 18 10 10 17 10 5 21 8 5 20 8 14 10 12 5 23 7 7 21 8 8 19 8 6 22 8 9 19 9 7 19 9 11 14 12 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 inch rainfall and less than .05 inch snowfall. AUGUST August was the warmest month of the season. The mean temperature for the State averaged two degrees above the normal and the excess was general except over small areas along the south-central border and the extreme northeastern corner. Most of the excess in temperature oc- curred in the period beginning about the middle of the second week and continuing until the 24th, when the daily mean temperature was con- tinuously above normal, though there were no periods of unusually high temperature and only a few days had very high maxima. Over most of the State the highest temperature occurred on the 24th when a decided change to cooler occurred, the drop in temperature amounting to nearly 50 degrees at a number of stations. The only cool periods occurred im- mediately preceding and following the principal warm period. The precipitation was characterized by contrasts and more than 75 per cent of the State had considerably less than the normal for August. A few stations along the Mississippi river in the east-central portion had less than half an inch while in the west-central portion two stations re- 588 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII ported more than nine inches. Harlan with over nine inches had but four days with appreciable precipitation and Davenport with only 0.48 inch had appreciable precipitation on eleven days, Le Claire had nine days with .01 inch, or more, and the total amount was only 0.33 inch. In the area of the greatest precipitation some damage resulted to grain that was still in shock and over much of the northern and eastern portions of the State the lack of rainfall interfered with plowing and, in connection with low humidity that prevailed, caused a large amount of corn to ripen prematurely and burned pastures brown and cut short gardens and truck crops. A large portion of the State was visited by hail storms which caused much damage to crops. The first storm occurred on the 1st and affected portions of Dubuque, Jackson, Delaware, Linn and Jones Counties. Light hail fell over most of the counties mentioned but the severe hail was con- fined to numerous patches. Dubuque reported one of the most severe storms ever experienced but the greatest destruction to crops occurred in an irregular strip from one-half to four miles wide and forty miles long from the northwest corner of Delaware County southeastward. Hail drifted to a depth of six inches and the total damage was nearly $500,000. The most severe hail storm occurred on the 9th, and covered a large area in the west-central portion, but the greatest damage occurred in Crawford, Shelby, Audubon and Guthrie Counties. The principal damage was to eorn but chickens and young pigs were reported killed by the score and two cows were killed. Many thousand acres of corn were damaged in varying degrees and in portions of the area whole sections were hailed out so completely that not a single whole stalk of corn was left standing. In Guthrie County fields were white with hail and ditches two feet deep were completely filled. Four days after the storm there was sufficient hail in ditches to make ice cream. The damage from this storm exceeded $500,000. Another severe storm occurred on the 16th over much of the same counties as on the 9th, but no reliable estimate could be made of the damage done on account of the previous damage. Severe local wind squalls occurred in the vicinity of Mason City on the 18th and at Cedar Rapids on the 24th that caused considerable damage to small buildings, broke telephone and telegraph wires, leveled corn fields and knocked apples off. The heavy rains of the 30th caused washouts and road traffic was interrupted for several days. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 29.97 inches. The highest recorded was 30.21 inches, at Dubuque and Davenport, on the 14th, and the lowest was 29.59 inches, at Dubuque, on the 31st. The monthly range was 0.62 inch. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 100 stations, was 73.8°, or 2.0° higher than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fol- lows: Northern, 72.9°, or 2.5° higher than the normal; Central, 74.0°, or 2.3° higher than the normal; Southern, 74.4, or 1.2° higher than the nor- mal. The highest monthly mean was 76.8° at Thurman, and the- lowest was 69.1° at Postville. The highest temperature recorded was 102°, at Belmond, on the 17th and Clarinda on the 24th, and the lowest was 42°, at Mason City, on the 8th. The temperature range for the State was 60°. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 589 Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State as shown by the records of 102 stations, was 3.06 inches, or 0.62 inch less than the normal. By divisions the averages were as follows: Northern, 2.50 inches, or 0.98 inch less than the normal; Central, 2.82 inches, or 0.95 inch less than the normal; Southern, 3.87 inches, or 0.09 inch more than the normal. The greatest amount, 9.80 inches, occurred at Atlantic, and the least, 0.33 inch occurred at Le Claire. The greatest amount in 24 consecutive hours, 5.83 inches, occurred at Atlantic on the 30th. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m., was 80 per cent, and at 7 p. m., was 60 per cent. The mean for the month was 70 per cent, or 2 per cent less than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 74 per cent at Charles City, and the lowest was 64 per cent at Davenport. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the south. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau Station was 43 miles per hour at Sioux City, from the north on the 17th. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 71, or 1 per cent more than the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau Stations was as follows: Charles City, 73; Davenport, 73; Des Moines, 67; Dubuque, 60; Keokuk, 73; Sioux City, 72; Omaha, Nebr., 80. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Aurora: 24th, 25th. Fog: 9th, 10th, 22d, 23d, 24th. Hail: 1st, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 17th, 23d, 25th, 26th, 28th, 30th. Halos (Lunar and Solar): 2d, 6th, 26th. Thunderstorms: all dates except 3d, 4th, 5th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 19th, 27th. Rivers. Low, gradually falling stages prevailed on the Mississippi River and moderate stages with considerable fluctuation, but mostly fall- ing stages prevailed on the Missouri River. A few moderate rises oc- curred on the interior rivers in the southern portion of the State on the 24th and high stages occurred in the southwestern portion following the heavy rain on the 30th. 590 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— AUGUST. Temperature Precipitation Lumber of Days YEAR CI I el a p TO ft 4-J TO a 03 g C5 TO S3 % X5 3 O w >> H 03 P4 o 5 1890 68.4 69.1 71.4 69.4 74.6 71.9 71.7 68.9 71.2 74.4 77.4 73.8 69.1 69.1 69.1 74.3 74.1 71.1 70.0 76.1 71.9 71.7 71.0 76.6 73.7 65.9 74.0 69.4 76.0 71.5 69.3 72.1 73.8 —3.4 —2.7 —0.4 —2.4 +2.8 +0.1 —0.1 —2.9 —0.6 +2.6 +5.6 +2.0 —2.7 —2.7 —2.7 +2.5 +2.3 -0.7 —1.8 +4.3 +0.1 —0.1 —0.8 +4.8 +1.9 —5.9 +2.2 —2.4 +4.2 —0.3 —2.5 +0.3 +2.0 102 106 102 101 108 103 104 104 103 100 103 105 98 101 97 104 101 99 101 103 104 107 101 108 103 91 106 102 113 103 98 102 102 36 34 40 30 38 37 34 35 40 41 44 40 37 41 35 44 33 37 38 33 36 34 40 40 40 30 35 31 38 38 39 37 42 3.41 4.24 2.24 2.32 1.58 4.43 3.52 1.86 3.44 3.68 4.65 1.29 6.58 6.64 3.43 4.05 3.95 4.33 4.77 1.81 3.88 3.32 3.78 2.68 2.19 2.81 2.58 2.29 3.61 2.59 3.35 5.04 3.06 —0.27 +0.56 —1.44 —1.26 —2.10 +0.75 —0.16 —1.82 —0.24 0.00 +0.97 —2.39 +2.90 +2.96 —0.25 +0.37 +0.27 +0.65 +1.09 -1.87 +0.20 —0.36 +0.10 —1.00 —1.49 —0.87 —1.10 —1.39 —0.07 —1.09 —0.33 +1.36 —0.62 6.44 13.02 6.22 4.53 10.63 12.25 4.98 10.55 10.45 10.43 4.46 15.47 17.74 6.75 8.47 10.51 9.67 10.55 8.21 11.22 9.47 7.90 7.13 4.90 9.14 6.23 6.31 8.38 5.72 8.52 9.04 9.80 1.02 1.23 0.65 0.40 T. 0.67 0.86 0.47 0.58 1.12 1.26 T. 1.57 2.55 0.66 1.04 0.92 1.05 1.35 T. 0.37 0.44 0.89 0.08 0.42 0.27 0.49 0.70 0.54 0.97 0.44 2.20 0.33 ~_ 8 8 5 5 4 7 8 6 6 7 6 5 11 11 7 9 9 9 9 5 8 9 10 6 7 8 7 7 8 7 7 8 8 15 13 18 19 21 17 15 15 17 17 18 20 11 12 17 16 17 17 17 21 15 16 15 17 17 16 18 19 16 19 18 16 19 10 12 9 9 8 9 11 11 9 10 10 9 11 10 8 9 9 9 9 8 10 10 10 10 10 8 9 8 10 9 8 11 8 6 1891 6 L892 4 1893 3 1894 - 2 1895 1890. 5 6 1897 1898 1899 5 5 4 1900 1901 1902 3 2 9 1903 9 1904 tt 1905 6 1906 iyu7 5 5 1908.. 1909 5 * 1910.. 6 1911 1912 5 6 1913 1914 4 4 1915 1916 7 4 1917 4 1918 5 1919 8 1920 5 1921 _. 4 1922 4 T. indicates an amount too small to measure, or less than .005 Inch precipita- tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. SEPTEMBER September was warm and considerably drier than the average. The thief characteristic of the month was a remarkably warm period that pre- vailed the first eight days. Another outstanding feature was a period Df almost continous sunshine that occurred from the 20th until the 27th. The first week ranked with the warmest of the season and over most of the State the highest temperatures of the year occurred. A large num- ber of stations in the eastern and northern portions of the State, in- cluding two regular Weather Bureau Stations, reported the highest September maxima of record and the record of one station extends over a period of more than 50 years. Light frost occurred over the north- western portion of the State on the 10th and on the 11th light frost was general in low lands over nearly all sections. Light frost also occurred on the 16th, 25th, 26th and 27th. Only one station reported a temperature below freezing, but no damage whatever resulted from frost. The precipitation was below normal over practically the entire State and there was only two shower periods of any consequence, and taking the IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 591 State as a whole, more than half of the monthly total occurred during a single 24-hour period. While the precipitation was generally deficient, there was sufficient to keep pastures in good condition and benefited truck crops, but the lack of rain over the northern and western portions of the State caused a suspension of plowing, prevented the germination oi winter wheat and caused a shortage of stock water. The weather was un- usually favorable for the maturing of the corn crop and at the end of the month not more than 6 per cent was susceptible to injury from frost. Low humidity, hot weather and an excess of sunshine caused some corn to mature too rapidly so it became loose on the cob and lessened the yield somewhat. The dry weather retarded the seeding of winter wheat some* what, but much seeding was intentionally delayed to avoid the Hessian fly pest. No severe storms of any character occurred during the month. The only damage reported was from a local wind squall in the northern portion of Cerro Gordo County that blew down a number of telephone poles, frail buildings and trees. Roads were in good condition except somewhat rough after the rainy periods and all outside work was carried on with very little interruption. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 30.07 inches. The highest recorded was 30.54 inches, at Dubuque, on the 16th, and the lowest was 29.62 inches, at Des Moines, on the 1st, and Sioux City, on the 5th. The monthly range was 0.92 inch. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 100 stations, was 67.1°, or 3.7° higher than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fob lows: Northern, 66 0°, or 4.2° higher than the normal; Central 67.3°, or 3.8° higher than the normal; Southern, 68.1°, or 3.1° higher than the nor- mal. The highest monthly mean was 70.4°, at Fairport, and the lowest was 63.0°, at Postville. The highest temperature reported was 103°, at Belle Plaine and Mason City, on the 6th, and the lowest was 31°, at Washta, on the 11th. The monthly range for the State was 72°. Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by tha records of 103 stations, was 2.03 inches, or 1.33 inches less than the nor- mal. By divisions, the averages were as follows: Northern, 1.69 inches, or 1.36 inches less than the normal; Central, 2.24 inches, or 1.22 inches less than the normal; Southern, 2.17 inches, or 1.39 inches less than tho normal. The greatest amount, 4 34 inches, occurred at Iowa Falls, and the least, 0.31 inch, occurred at Inwood and Milford. The greatest amount in 24 consecutive hours, 3.05 inches, occurred at Le Mars, on the 18th. Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 81 per cent, and at 7 p. m. was 60 per cent. The mean for the month was 70 per cent, or 4 per cent below the normal. The highest monthly mean was 77 per cent at Charles City, and the lowest was 62 per cent, at Sioux City. Sunshine. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 71, which is 9 per cent above the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau stations was as follows: Charles 592 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII City, 71; Davenport, 73; Des Moines, 69; Dubuque, 63; Keokuk, 71; Sioux City, 73; Omaha, Neb., 77. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the south. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau station was at the rate of 33 miles per hour, from the north, at Sioux City, on the 8th. Rivers. Low stages prevailed on all rivers with very little fluctuation, but with a falling tendency prevailing. Only once in September has a lower mean stage been recorded at Dubuque. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Fog: 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 14th, 15th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23d, 26th, 27th, 28th. Frost light: 10th, 11th, 16th, 25th, 26th, 27th. Hail: 8th, 17th. Halos: 1st, 10th, 15th. Rainbow: 7th. Thunderstorms: 1st, 2d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 29th, 30th. COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE SEPTEMBER. TEAR Temperature Precipitation Days 3.2 -a rf 6 3 to in J2 CO m *c3 a "3 is 0-8 £3 • u "3 >> ej to o, 03 a £ a O O £ 3 n w t-1 y A o 1-1 aa O P4 1891 1892 1893 , 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898... 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909... 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914. 1915 1916... 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921.... 1922 59.3 67.3 64.7 64.7 65.1 66.8 58.5 70.9 65.3 62.5 64.4 63.3 59.1 60.8 64.0 65.8 67.2 62.8 67.9 62.4 63.2 65.8 62.1 64.5 64.5 63.7 62.5 62.6 58.6 67.5 66.5 67.3 67.1 —4.1 +3.9 +1.3 +1.3 +1.7 +3.4 —4.9 +7.5 + 1.9 —0.9 +1.0 —0.1 —4.3 —2. +0.6 +2.4 +3.8 —0.6 +4.5 —1.0 —0.2 +2.4 —1.3 +1.1 +1.1 +0.3 —0.9 —0.8 —4.8 +4.1 +3.1 +3.9 +3.7 96 104 I 99 102 100 103 j 95 106 99 104 I 99 |102 3 | 88 6 94 96 100 98 !>S 94 99 in.3 104 107 23 2.97 —0.39 •28 1.33 —2.03 29 1.53 —1.83 IS 2.34 —1.02 26 3.57 +0.21 22 3.03 —0.33 22 4.09 +0.73 26 2.04 —1.32 29 2.69 —0.67 15 0.93 —2.43 26 4.98 +1.62 26 4.77 +1.41 23 4.35 +0.99 28 3.81 +0.45 30 2.78 —0.58 36 3.81 +0.45 27 4.16 +0.80 25 2.75 —1.61 20 1.20 —2.16 30 3.58 +0.22 30 3.59 +0.23 32 5.12 +1.76 24 3.98 +0.62 19 3.31 —0.05 30 7.88 +4.52 30 6.03 +2.67 21 3.89 +0.53 28 2.90 —0.46 20 1.87 —1.49 33 5.34 +1.98 24 3.30 —0.06 31 6.72 +3.36 31 2.03 —1.33 4.85 3.60 4.15 5.49 7.43 7.43 9.96 5.88 8.45 4.32 8.82 13.62 10.41 8.79 8.33 13.18 11.10 6.06 3.46 7.34 7.43 13.73 10.12 7.44 16.24 12.45 9.71 8.68 4.62 11.82 7.21 11.95 4.34 1.36 0.13 0.16 0.74 0.67 0.85 1.82 0.00 0.41 T. 2.48 1.71 1.65 1.42 0.09 0.50 0.64 I 1.38 0.25 1.39 1.18 1.19 0.28 0.45 2.48 2.88 1.45 0.39 0.48 1.49 0.69 1.72 0.31 T. indicates nn amount too small to measure, or less than .005 inch precipita- tion and less than .05 inch snowfall. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 593 OCTOBER October was warm and dry, being considerably warmer and drier than October, 1921, and since records of the State have been kept there have been but four Octobers with higher mean temperatures. Of the last 26 consecutive months, this month makes 24 that have been warmer than the normal. There were two unusually warm periods, the first six and the last eight days. At a number of stations in all sections the maxima for October were equalled, and never before have such high maxima occurred so late in the season as occurred on the 27th and 28th. Killing frosts oc- curred on the 9th over a large area in the northwestern portion and on the 12th over most of the State except a few Mississippi River counties which did not experience a killing frost until the 18th. The corn crop was practically all matured when the frosts occurred and the damage was of very little consequence. Precipitation was deficient over all sections, though there were local areas in all sections that had an excess, but only one station had an important excess. The lack of precipitation was magnified by the fact that at a large number of stations most of the total occurred on the last two days and at most other stations the greater portion occurred in a single shower period on the 5th-6th. The weather was favorable for all outdoor work and while the dry weather prevented fall plowing in some sections, conditions were very favorable for gathering corn and at the close of the month a large amount had been cribbed. The dry weather also retarded the germination of some wheat fields but over most of the State the precipitation was ample for germination and the average condition was very good considering that seeding had been generally delayed to avoid the Hessian fly. The month was free from severe storms and except for short periods the roads were unusually good. Clear days averaged 21 over the State which has never been exceeded by October. There was a serious shortage of freight cars and this condition pre- vented the marketing of valuable truck crops. In the chief truck growing center every available warehouse was filled and some fields were not gathered for the lack of storage room. Pressure. The mean pressure (reduced to sea level) for the State was 30.00 inches. The highest recorded was 30.43 inches at Sioux City, on the 12th, and the lowest was 29.45 inches at Sioux City, on the 28th. The monthly range was 0.98 inch. Temperature. The mean temperature for the State, as shown by the records of 98 stations, was 56.1°, or 5.3° higher than the normal. By divisions, three tiers of counties to the division, the means were as fol- lows: Northern, 54.4°, or 5.4° higher than the normal; Central, 56.4°, or 5.5° higher than the normal; Southern, 57.4°, or 4.8° higher than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 59.6°, at Columbus Junction, and the lowest was 52.0°, at Estherville. The highest temperature reported was 96°, at Guthrie Center on the 4th, and the lowest was 14° at Little Sioux on the 17th. The temperature range was 82°. 594 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Humidity. The average relative humidity for the State at 7 a. m. was 77 per cent, and at 7 p. m. it was 53 per cent. The mean for the month was 65 per cent, or 6 per cent less than the normal. The highest monthly mean was 74 per cent at Charles City, and the lowest was 59 per cent at Sioux City. The lowest observed was 20 per cent at Keokuk on the 11th, and Sioux City on the 24th. Precipitation. The average precipitation for the State, as shown by the records of 103 stations, was 1.81 inches, or 0 65 inch less than the normal. By divisions, the averages were as follows: Northern, 2.06 inches, or 0.28 inch less than the normal; Central, 1.66 inches, or 0.83 inch less than the normal; Southern, 1.70 inches, or 0.84 inch less than the normal. The greatest amount, 3.93 inches, occurred at Fayette, and the least 0.06 inch, at Davenport (Pine Acres). The greatest amount in 24 consecutive hours, 2.75 inches, occurred at Fayette, on the 6th and 7th. Sunshine and Cloudiness. The average per cent of the possible amount of sunshine was 72, or 12 per cent greater than the normal. The per cent of the possible amount at the regular Weather Bureau stations was as follows: Charles City, 68; Davenport, 70; Des Moines, 72; Dubuque, 69; Keokuk, 71; Sioux City, 77, Omaha, Nebr., 75. Wind. The prevailing direction of the wind was from the southwest. The highest velocity reported from a regular Weather Bureau station was at the rate of 42 miles per hour, from the northwest, at Sioux City on the 16th. Snow. A few light snow flurries occurred in each division, but no station reported more than a trace. Miscellaneous Phenomena. Fog: 1st, 2d, 3d, 9th, 10th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 26th 31st. Frost (Killing): 9th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 18th. Hail: 11th. Halos (Lunar and Solar): 3d, 4th, 27th, 28th. Sleet: 13th. Thunder- storms. 6th, 7th, 8th, 10th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 30th and 31st. Rivers. Low and nearly stationary stages prevailed on all the rivers of the State. At most places along the principal rivers the extreme varia- tions of the stages were less than half a foot. IOWA. WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 595 COMPARATIVE DATA FOR THE STATE— OCTOBER. Temperature Precipitation >"umber of Days S£ >» T3 TEAR p 1.21 6 14 5 0.20 10.9 8 9 i 0.46 7.6 7 10 i 0.25 1.3 3 15 t 0.00 4.1 5 11 I T. 1.6 4 10 J- 0.61 15.9 6 11 7 T. 3.9 3 15 8 0.10 4.3 5 12 9 T. 2.4 4 13 6 0.05 5.4 6 10 9 0.67 12.9 8 9 6 T. 3.7 4 11 9 0.06 12.3 5 12 7 T. 4.2 3 19 6 0.37 1.4 6 11 7 0.05 4.7 5 Id 7 0.05 3.8 3 15 8 0.89 13.7 11 10 5 0.01 3.0 3 15 7 0.62 12.6 7 13 fi 0.10 1.1 3 18 7 0.00 1.3 4 15 5 0.57 11.1 9 10 R T. 4.6 5 11 8 0.35 6.7 6 15 8 0.14 6.7 6 10 9 0.37 5.1 8 9 8 0.08 5.8 4 11 7 0.26 7.4 5 in 8 T. 2.9 4 14 9 T. 2.2 3 16 7 T. Indicates an amount too small to measure, tion and less than .05 Inch snowfall. or less than .005 inch preciplta- 602 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII •c a 09 W II pq aonoaaip IBtnjoa oiojj oan^jBd^a A^IOO^A A"[jnoq aSeaaAV IBouoa oiojj ajn^jBdoa ^onoaiB ajqissod sqi jo %hzd jo<»ooocoift-*M<«ocooo tO.t- 0 0>OOOlM»(0't!OI> I-HrHl-(i-lr-(r-lrHl-l(NlM' IS S •**Na?iOrHcc«ino)M WWrl'OOSOOO • CO -M IN-*M©Ot)NHO)-*MlOO t- 1- 00 GO t~ 00 t- 1 N IS ! 8&>?&3$833s3tf& i i IsaqSiH OB9JVI . r- ao © o © o oai^to ONO(NftrttOON«Nri i-Heodr-!cNcoeNCNcoiot~d ++++++ | +++++ (01-*(N10 00Hi I tN O i IM ■* I "* CM I «O.00 00©©-** 1> [^ ©> M tj1yotjt5ootyooovutj(yoo^~ociuoo;jOwOOoow©o"G oooDoco:c::o:ccoocoooooDoooooocooco e'S'ao ~7o: WNn?qcoi I M rH i 71 :- :- 71 71 71 r-i 71 71 71 71 eo ■ aco. a a - a a aaaaaaaaaaa 2 s>o C 5 " ■H =j _ O P « J3. as — as es 71 oq oa 71 ~. os ss 71 < cs 71 a o» cs aa < aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 5 v ! H O on i ca H m r w - " o o © < <; < o -u. J=X3 o o o SS" 23» 03 -w :3 W C3 3 a£" a aa S3 § O ^ C3 «o^ . s .«■§ QMS** ft2a IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 605 606 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Dl IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 607 UJ - M > i " z I " -1 5 M o ; ; = L-T — 1 *- r J i » • : 608 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII § OOOOOOOi H8HHSNH882 §■8 (S3 © q; i o O a 9 oiilllll'll o o 2 ■ 2 o 5 2 ** MK'XMXXMM^^ • o o SO : JO CO t 03 © ■* •* T»< Tj< ■ e= 'E "CC 'C "E >>>!>>>> HO** p -II * o <; c*25 o *5 'HH>>-t:SBH>4 IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 609 WEATHER AND CROP REVIEW The winter preceding the crop season of 1922 was warmer and slightly more moist than normal with snowfall of only 9.5 inches for the three winter months, which is the least of record and 2.5 inches less than the winter of 1906-1907 which has heretofore held the record. The storm of January 4th-5th left a coating of ice over the southern and part of the central counties that remained for several days. Another ice or "glaze" storm February 21st-23rd damaged fruit and shade trees. It was feared that these two storms would kill considerable winter wheat and tame grass but for some reason only two per cent of the winter wheat was killed, which is far less than the average. Considerable precipitation in February and toward the last of March made the soil too wet to work until well into April. Scarcely a beginning had been made in spring seeding during the first ten days of April, but drying weather the rest of the month permitted rapid progress in seeding and toward the close of the month there was some complaint in the drier western counties that soil moisture was not sufficient to germinate oats. Not much spring wheat was sown. The rather unusual warmth and moisture advanced vegetation rapidly but did not swell the fruit buds to the danger point and no frost damage to fruit occurred. Livestock in general wintered well. Sows bred for. spring pigs in- creased 29 per cent over the proceeding spring, but the superabundance of cheap corn and the scarcity of ready cash to buy supplemental feeds, caused the sows to be fed an unsuitable ration. Cholera, "flu" and other diseases weakened the sows so that the size, vitality and uniformity of litter were considerably reduced, and the unfavorable weather of April caused con- siderable loss of pigs. Though May did not warm up as rapidly as usual, it was dry and sunshiny and with coming of tender shoots of grass, the condition of sows and pigs improved rapidly. Preparations for corn planting proceeded without interference, except in a few central and eastern counties where heavy local rains occurred May 23rd-26th. 60 per cent of the acreage was planted by May 15th, and 96 per cent by June 1. Drouth continued in June, the average rainfall for the month, 1.82 inches, being as little as June, 1911, when one of the more notable drouths of the State set in. Temperatures were very high, the warmest day of the year in the northwest portion of the State being June 23, when tem- peratures of 100° or higher occurred. Inwood reported 104°. Corn was not materially injured though the leaves curled some on hot afternoons. By the close of the month the earliest corn was more than waist high and about half of the crop was laid by. Oats headed very short — too short to harvest in some localities in the west central and northwest counties, yet thrashing returns showed yields slightly above the 10-year average over most of the State and the quality was much better than last year. Win- ter wheat, spring wheat and barley were not injured as much as expected, the yield and quality being generally satisfactory. In contrast with June, July was cool and wet, which went far to repair rhe crop damage. In only a few northern counties did the temperature get 610 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII as high as 90°. Beginning with a general rainstorm July 5th-7th, fre- quent copious rains broke the drouth. Much damaging had attended the rain, yet the benefits of the storms far outweighed the damage. Some of the storms had tornadic characteristics in small areas. Small grains, standing and in shock, were damaged by the wind and ram. Yet harvest progressed well. Much fruit was blown from the trees, but an abundance remained for full development. August was the warmest month of the year, the greatest temperature excess occurring about the 15th-24th, followed by an abrupt change to 50° colder at a number of stations. Excessive rainfall in some southwest counties was centered in Shelby county, where 9.46 inches fell at Harlan, but for the State as a whole precipitation was deficient. Shocked grain was damaged in the wet area, while corn, pastures and truck crops were injured by drouth in some eastern counties. Much of the State was visited by severe hailstorms and there was considerable damage from wmd squalls. September was warm and considerably drier than the average, the warmest period being the first eight days, during which over much of the State the highest temperatures of the year occurred. Many northern and eastern stations had the highest September temperatures of record — at one station the highest in 50 years. Slight frosts occurred on the 10th, 11th, 16th, 25th, 26th and 27th but no damage resulted. Silo filling and fodder cutting made good progress. The corn stood up much better than last year, and there was much less damage from corn ear worm. Commer- cial sweet corn and tomato canning proceeded under favorable conditions, the quality of the pack being very good and the quantity considerably larger than last year. Deficient rainfall impeded plowing and preparation for winter wheat seeding, and together with the heat wave, is thought to have shortened the corn yield slightly, but this was off-set by hastening the maturity of the corn. Winter wheat seeding was delayed to avoid Hessian fly, which was unusually numerous till the close of the month. The first six and last eight days of October were unusually warm. Killing frosts occurred on the 9th over a large area In the northwest portion, and on the 12th over most of the State, except a few Mississippi River counties which did not experience a killing frost, till the 18th. About 97 per cent of the corn matured without frost damage. The crop dried rapidly and much was cribbed toward the close of the month. Win- ter wheat seeding progressed rapidly at the beginning of the month and 85 per cent was finished by October 10. Moisture was generally sufficient for germination of the wheat which made good growth until near the close of November. Considerable damage to early seeded wheat by Hessian fly was reported. An unusual windstorm November 5 blew much corn to the ground over the western two-thirds of the State. Current and subsequent rains dam- aged the down corn, which lay in the muddy fields at temperatures high enough to cause rotting and sprouting. Husking was considerably de- layed by the wet fields through which full loads of corn could not be drawn. Another windstorm Thanksgiving Day, November 30, the most severe in many years, caused further damage to the remnant of corn re- maining in the fields. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 611 Iowa's 1922 corn crop is the second largest of record. The old corn on Iowa farms November 1 was estimated at 39,668,000 bushels; new corn, December 1, 455,535,000 bushels; total corn 495,203,000 bushels; com- pared with a total of 502,344,000 bushels in 1921, and 506,943,000 bushels in 1920. New corn is 28 per cent above pre-war normal; old corn 159; and total corn 33 per cent above pre-war normal. Fortunately, Iowa farmers are much better provided with livestock to consume this corn than they were last year and the corn production for the country as a whole is less. It is unusual that both warm weather and cool weather crops produce well in the same season, but in 1922, practically all crops yielded above the 10-year average and fruit, particularly apples, made an unusually large crop. The total value of crops is 57 per cent greater than a year ago. Bulletin No. 1, April 11, 1922 — A rather mild winter with the least snow in 32 winters preceded the crop season of 1922. The ground froze more deeply than usual. March was warm with an excess of precipitation in the central and south portions. Winter wheat, rye, grasses, alfalfa and clover wintered well in spite of the deficiency in moisture and snow cover during much of the winter. The recent moist, warm weather has been favorable for these crops. Scarcely a beginning has been made in seeding of oats and spring wheat, due to the frequent, heavy rains. The soil is generally saturated and packed. Several days of sunshine are needed to put the soil into condition to work. At this date last year approximately 85 per cent of the oats had been seeded but they met disaster in the severe freeze that came later, from which they never fully recovered. Not much spring wheat will be seeded. A few potatoes have been planted and some gardening has been done. Fruit prospects are believed to be unusually promising in most sections, yet there is danger that the prevailing warmth and moisture may rush the buds forward too fast. Numerous small tornadoes and local windstorms did considerable damage. Severe hailstorms visited Council Bluffs and Diagonal. Dirt roads are generally impassable. Livestock in general wintered well. The number of sows bred for spring pigs is about 25 per cent greater than last year, but the reports on early spring pigs are very discouraging. It appears that the superabundance of cheap corn on the farms and the scarcity of ready cash to buy the supple- mental feeds needed by brood sows has resulted in overfeeding the sows with corn. Besides, cholera, "flu" and other diseases caused many of them to fail to conceive or greatly reduced the size and vitality of the litters. Contagious abortion is prevalent. The cloudy, rainy weather has been very unfavorable for the young pigs. So the net result will be much less than a 25 per cent increase in pork production. Bees generally wintered well. Though the weather has been unusually cloudy and rainy, it has been warm, and occasional periods of sunshine have afforded the bees ample opportunity for cleansing flights and a little chance to work on maples. Bulletin No. 2, April 18, 1922 — Cool cloudy weather with rain or snow prevailed at the beginning and close of the week, but Thursday, Friday and Saturday (13th-15th) were favorable for field work in many counties. Frost and freezing tempera- tures were general on the mornings of the 12th and 18th, but nothing was susceptible to damage. 612 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Spring seeding- and work in general is unusually variable in adjacent counties or localities. Seeding of oats averages about 40 per cent com- pleted, ranging from none in some of the northeast counties to between 75 and 90 per cent in a belt extending from Palo Alto county southeast to Polk and thence southwest to Adams, Taylor and Ringgold counties. An increase in barley acreage is mentioned by some correspondents. Bar- ley will stand a little later seeding date than oats. Mention is also made of the possibility that the backward season may divert some of the in- tended oats acreage to corn, to the extent that the 1922 corn acreage may be larger than the 1921 which, with a normal season, would mean a repeti- tion of the overproduction of corn. However, the outlook for weather this morning (18th) is for several days of fair weather with rising tempera- ture, so that there is yet time for active work in seeding oats. In some localities early seeded oats are up and showing green. Winter wheat, rye, pastures and meadows look unusually good. Pastures in the south half of the State are already affording considerable grazing and by May 1 will take the place of nearly all dry feed. Spring pig reports are very disappointing, due to the causes mentioned last week and to the cool, damp and cloudy weather. Favorable wintering of bees is being offset by the unfavorable spring weather which does not permit the bees to work. "Spring dwindling" is becoming serious. Fruit bloom has been benefically retarded in most of the State but peaches and plums are in full bloom in the extreme southern counties where there is a possibility of some damage by the freezing temperatures of Tuesday morning (18th), though of course it will take several days to accurately judge the amount of damage, if any. Otherwise the fruit out- look is promising. Bulletin No. 3, April 25, 1922 — Mostly dry weather till the rain of Monday, 24th, with sunshine above normal and considerable wind dried the soil so that field work made ex- cellent progress — the best of the season. The bulk of the oats and barley seeding was finished, though little more than a beginning has been made in some of the extreme northern counties. Some localities report the work completed and most of the fields up and showing green. The favorable weather of the past week removed the necessity for shifting oats acreage to corn. Speculative prices of clover seed have decreased the intended acreage of clover. Plowing for corn got a good start in the central and southern districts. The prospects for an increased acreage are not as strong as seemed probable earlier in the season. Temperatures were generally below normal, with frost, freezes and ice on the 19th. These with the freeze of the 17th and ISth are believed to have caused slight damage to plums, pears and peaches in the southern district, but in the central and northern districts buds were not far enough advanced to be injured. Only a few early plums are in bloom in the cen- tral districts. All fruit buds are dormant in the northern districts. Apple buds have not opened yet. Pastures and meadows did not make much progress due to the cool weather, yet live stock have been put on pasture quite generally. Gardens, potatoes and commercial onions were planted this week to a considerable extent. A flood crest passed down the Mississippi River this week, inundating considerable low land. Bulletin No. 4, May 2, 1922 — Cool, dry and mostly cloudy weather permitted rapid progress in field work, retarded the germination and growth of spring grains and the growth of winter wheat and grasses, and beneficially delayed the blooming of fruits. • IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 613 Horses and men were able to perform a maximum of work under the prevailing dry, cool conditions. At least half the preparation for corn planting- has been done. Planting was begun on dry, rolling uplands in many localities about the 28th and 29th, Pocahontas County being the most northerly county reporting this. The soil is yet too cold to make general planting advisable. Oats seeding is practically completed in all but the extreme northern counties and some wet lowlands elsewhere. In the central and northern districts about one-third of the seed lay ungerminated in the dry soil, but in the localities covered by the showers of May 1-2, these oats will come up quickly. Where the moisture is sufficient, the oats are up to a good stand and look green and fine. In some localities in the southern counties there is complaint of too much moisture on lowlands. Winter wheat, rye and grasses made slow growth. Hay, pastures and spring wheat need more rain in the northern and central counties. Commercial onion and potato planting is about finished under favorable weather and soil conditions. Frosts occurred on several mornings. On the 29th, temperatures slightly below freezing occurred as far south as the south line of the State. Strawberry blossoms were damaged considerably in the south, but were not far enough advanced for damage elsewhere. Plums, peaches and cherries were in full bloom this week in the central counties, but not yet open in the north. Apples are about to open. The frosts and freezes are not believed to have damaged tree fruits appreciably. Spraying has been active. The recent dry weather has been more favorable for young pigs and chickens. Roads were better than usual during the last week of April. Bulletin No. 5, May 9, 1922 — Warm, mostly dry and sunny weather was favorable for field work, growth of small grains- and grasses and the development and fertilization of fruit blossoms, except in the northwest district where the drouth was unfavorable till relieved by the rain of Monday, 8th. Corn planting has begun in practically all sections and as usual is farther advanced in the Raccoon and middle Des Moines valleys than elsewhere. At least one-third of the planting is done in that portion of the State. The seed bed is warm but rather cloddy. A good soaking rain would be bene- ficial. Oats seeding was completed in the northern counties. Over much of the State oats fields are green and beautiful. In the northwest counties con- siderable seed lay ungerminated in the dry soil but the recent rain will give this a start. Winter wheat and rye have made very good progress. Moisture has been ample over the winter wheat districts of the State. Grasses, clovers, alfalfa and pastures have made good growth, except in the northwest district where it has been too dry. All fruit prospects are good. Damage by frosts and freezes of last week were unimportant. Apples are in full bloom in the south and opening rapidly in the central districts, with a better outlook than usual. Spray- ing has been active. Hail damage was reported in a few localities on the 5th and 8th. Gardens and gardening made good progress, though more rain would be beneficial in most localities. About one-third of the sugar beet area was planted this week. Bulletin No. 6, May 16, 1922 — Abnormally warm weather at the beginning of the week followed by cooler on the 13th with abundant sunshine over much of the State and little rain except in a few southeast counties, favored rapid progress in 614 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII plowing for corn, corn planting and other field work, but was unfavorable for germination of corn and growth of small grains, grasses and gardens. About two-thirds of the corn has been planted, ranging from nearly com- pleted in the upper Raccoon Valley to less than half done in the extreme south central, extreme northeast and extreme northwest counties. Much of that planted in the last 10 days in the western half of the State lies un- germinated in the dry soil. The early planted fields are up and show rows except in dry patches. Corn cultivation has begun in Pocahontas county. Recently prepared seed beds were so dry that they plowed up cloddy and are in poor condition. A good soaking rain is badly needed except in the southeast portion of the State. Oats that were up before the dry weather came have made fair progress, but in the drier west central and northwest counties in many fields the oats still lie ungerminated in the dry soil. In Crawford county some land seeded to oats has been plowed up and will be planted to corn as it is believed to be too late for these oats to grow and make a crop. The drouth is opening large cracks in the soil. Winter wheat and rye need rain but are not suffering seriously. Rye has begun to head out in the southern counties. The recent dry, warm, sunny weather has been favorable for young animals, especially pigs. The later farrowed litters are much better than the earlier due not only to the weather but to the effect of succulent grass on the condition of the sows. Tree fruits are in full bloom in the northern counties. In the central and southern counties a large quantity of fruit has set on. Strawberries are blooming profusely in the central counties but the crop will be disap- pointing throughout the State if rain does not come soon. Bulletin No. 7, May 23, 1922 — Insufficient rain except in the northeast and southeast districts, temper- ature slightly below normal and sunshine deficient in the eastern and cen- tral districts were unfavorable for the best progress of crops. In some western counties the drouth was becoming serious, but rain is falling over most of the State this morning (23d) and the amounts are already large enough to break the drouth in the southwestern counties. Corn is coming up very unevenly. In dry patches it has not yet come through the ground while the earliest under favorable conditions is three to four inches high and has been cultivated once. Planting is about 90 per cent completed. Dry, cloddy soil has greatly retarded this work in the south central and southeast counties. Oats that were up and well established before the drouth are doing fairly well, but much of the acreage shows a thin stand with large areas still ungerminated or making a struggle to come through the ground. The outlook for an oats crop is not very good at this time. Winter wheat has made fair progress but will be benefited by the rain that is falling. The same is true of grasses, pastures, alfalfa, gardens and all other crops in most of the State. Rye is heading in the central districts. StrawDerries have set an unusually heavy crop but rain has been badly needed. Grapes are beginning to bloom in the central districts. The Secre- tary of the State Horticultural Society reports the condition of fruit and vegetables on May 15th, as follows: "Apples 92; pears 86; plums 95; cherries 91; strawberries 92; grapes 90; red raspberries 79; black raspber- ries 88; blackberries 81; gooseberries 80; currants 93; peaches 91; early potatoes 90; late potatoes 89; early cabbage 89; late cabbage 90; onions 94; sweet corn 95; tomatoes 94 per cent. Bulletin No. 8, May 30, 1922 — Three weeks with deficient rainfall constitute a serious and damaging drouth in the west-central and northwest districts, while in the southern and eastern districts rain has been copious and in some localities damaging. Considerable lowland has been overflowed in the lower Des Moines valley. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 615 Corn planting and cultivation has been delayed in the extreme southern and eastern counties, where about 10 per cent of the planting remains to be done. Oats have been seriously damaged in the drier districts, where the stand is thin and the general appearance of the crop is poor. "Winter wheat is heading short in the southern and eastern counties, yet it is believed that prospects for this crop are generally good. Rye looks generally good. Grasses and pastures are poor in the west-central and northwest dis- tricts. In these districts the hay crop from timothy and clover will be light, but alfalfa promises a fair crop. The fruit outlook continues good except that strawberries badly need rain in the west-central and northwest districts. The berries are beginning to ripen in the central districts. Bees have done exceptionally well in recent weeks. The honey flow has been large enough and the weather suitable for abundant brood rearing. As a rule, colonies are approaching the main flow of honey from white clover, sweet clover and linden in strong condition and should make good returns from these sources which promise well. Bulletin No. 9, June G, 1022 — Drouth continues in the west-central and northwest counties, where oats and spring wheat have been seriously damaged and all other crops more or less damaged. Much corn lies ungerminated in the dry soil. In about four-fifths of the State moisture has been ample, but throughout the State temperatures have been deficient during the past week, to the ex- tent that furnace fires were needed. The minimum temperatures were low in the 40s on several mornings with light frost at Buck Grove, Crawford county, on the 31st. Corn has mostly been cultivated once except in the dry, backward counties; and cross cultivation is well started. For the State, as a whole, the percentage condition of the crop on June 1st was 92 per cent as shown by about 1000 reports. This is about the 10-year average. The recent rains have softened the clods in the southern and eastern counties so that cultivation is much easier. Considerable replanting has been necessary in these counties on account of heavy rains and the depredations of cut worms and wire worms. Reports from 1000 correspondents show that 60 per cent of the corn was planted up to May 15th, and 96 per cent, up to June 1st. The former is somewhat more than usual. Winter wheat is heading rapidly, mostly on short straw, but with fair prospects for a crop. Rye is making good progress, being in full head generally and filling well in the southern counties. Barley is doing well except in dry territory. A very good first cutting of alfalfa has been or is being harvested in the Missouri River counties. The quality is excellent, due to the prevailing dry weather with ample sunshine, which has been favorable for curing. Red clover is being cut in the southern counties and is blooming freely in the north. Timothy promises well except in the dry counties. Fruit prospects are excellent, especially peaches. Strawberries are some- what disappointing due to drouth in the northwest and west-central counties and excessive rains in the south and east. Grapes are about in the middle of their blooming period. Commercial cabbage setting is progressing under favorable conditions in Mitchell county. Onions were so nearly overcome by weeds that many fields were plowed up and replanted. Commercial tomatoes are all planted in Mahaska county but considerable trouble with cut worms is reported. The honey flow from yellow sweet clover has begun, having been has- tened somewhat where drouth prevails. 616 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Bulletin Vio. 10, June 13, 1922 — Warm and mostly dry weather with abundant sunshine was favorable for corn and other warm weather crops over most of the State, though the light showers of the week failed to break the drouth in the west central and northwest counties where all crops are suffering for rain. Corn grew rapidly, the tallest now being from six inches to "knee" high. Cultivation made good progress. Much of the crop has been cultivated twice. Conditions were fine for weed killing and fields are mostly clean. Planting and replanting was finished during the week. Oats need rain badly almost everywhere, and in the drouth stricken west- central and northwest counties this crop will be poor. However, this crop shows improvement in the extreme southern counties. Other spring grains are not very promising. Winter wheat made good progress generally and the heads are filling nicely, but considerable damage from Hessian fly is reported in Polk county. First cutting of alfalfa continued under favorable condition for curing and a good crop, of excellent quality, has been secured. Red clover is gen- erally heavy except in the drier regions. The hay crop other than alfalfa will be light in the western counties. Strawberries have yielded well except in the dry counties. About a week's picking remains in the central counties and 10 days to two weeks in the extreme north. Early cherries are ripening rapidly and a large crop is indicated. Apples, pears and peaches have had a considerable "June drop," especially where the winds have been strong, but an abundant crop re- mains on the trees. Commercial cabbage setting was completed in Mitchell county this week. Onions and tomatoes made good progress. A few early tomatoes are in bloom. Honey producing plants are loaded with bloom or buds and a large flow of honey is in prospect with the bees in good condition to harvest it. Bulletin No. 11, June 20, 1922 — Mostly hot, dry weather with nearly normal sunshine and strong drying wind was favorable for second and third cultivation of corn and for cutting clover hay but unfavorable for oats, spring wheat and potatoes. Drouth continues in the west central and northwest counties though slightly relieved by showers in a few localities. Much corn is now "knee high"; the second cultivation is generally com- pleted and the third well advanced. This with good weed killing weather makes the fields mostly clean and the general condition of the crop good, though poor stands are reported from many dry localities. Oats continued to deteriorate in the drouthy counties where they are heading too short to be cut with a binder and will be mostly cut with a mower. In some instances stock is being turned in to pasture oats, which are not worth cutting. The hot, dry winds with temperatures high in the 90's the first half of the week, caused oats to head short and fill poorly over much of the State. Winter wheat made fair progress in filling and a few fields are turning color, but more moisture would be beneficial. More than usual damage from Hessian fly is reported in Madison and Polk counties, particularly in fields that were seeded before September 15. Early potatoes are in bloom, but the prevailing hot, dry weather is un- timely for this crop. Colorado potato beetles are unusually numerous and much spraying is being done to save the crop. The honey flow from linden and white clover is at its height in the central and southern counties, somewhat earlier than usual. Bees were generally in good condition to harvest the crop and a large production seems assured. The best colonies of bees in Scott county have already stored 150 pounds of surplus honey. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 617 Early cherry harvest is progressing- rapidly with very satisfactory re- sults. The later strawberries were cut short by the hot, drying winds and dry weather and picking is about over. The timothy hay crop is reported as unpromising, also clover in the dry west central and northwest counties, but first cutting of alfalfa yielded a good crop which with favorable weather was harvested in excellent condi- tion and the second growth of alfalfa is vigorous and promising. Flax is looking well and beginning to bloom in the northern counties, to which it is largely confined. Bulletin No. 12, June 27, 1922 — Mostly hot, dry, sunny weather with brisk, drying winds on some days was unfavorable for nearly all crops, though favorable for cultivating corn and harvesting clover hay during the past week. The drouth and heat were sufficient to curl the corn leaves in the after- noons in the west central, northwest and north central districts where temperatures near 100 occurred on the 23d, the highest being just 100 at Cherokee. In other sections corn has not been injured much but would be benefitted by a good soaking rain. The earliest corn in all portions of the State ranges from knee high to waist high, shades the ground, and much has been "laid by," but for the State as a whole the height averages about 15 inches, the late planted is fighting a losing battle with the drouth and much of it shows a poor stand. The fields- are generally clean. Chinch bugs are damaging corn in Lee county. Oats are mostly in the critical milk stage. They have headed very short, and nothing but a long period of abnormally cool, moist weather can pre- vent a poor crop. Cattle have been turned into many fields that are too short to cut. However, a few of the earliest fields promise a fair crop. Winter wheat is turning rapidly and considerable has been cut in the southeast counties. Good yield and quality are indicated, but more damage from Hessian fly is reported than for many years. Spring wheat, which is mostly raised in the drier counties along the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers, is generally in poor condition. Clover harvest progressed rapidly with conditions favorable for curing. The yield is good except in western counties where the drouth set in early. Timothy needs rain badly. Second crop alfalfa will be short unless good rains come soon in the western counties, where it is mostly raised. Pastures are drying up and turning brown like late July or August. Early cherries are about all gathered. The yield has been good. Cane fruits- are seriously needing rain. Potatoes and gardens have been greatly injured by the heat and drouth, though truck crops in Mitchell county are still in good condition. Bulletin No. 13, July 4, 1922 — Good rains in western Iowa temporarily relieved the long drouth, but came too late for oats, spring wheat, clover and timothy hay and potatoes which suffered irreparable injury. Deficient rain elsewhere is unfavorable for filling of oats which are generally in the milk or dough stage, though some early fields have been harvested. Early planted corn made good progress. More than half the crop has been laid by in good condition. Late corn has had a hard battle with the drouth. Several stations report the lightest June rainfall in 28 years. Corn varies in height from six inches to six feet. As a whole the outlook for this crop is good. Winter wheat harvest is progressing rapidly and while there are a few adverse reports, the yield in general will be above the average and of ex- cellent quality. Rye harvest is about finished with satisfactory results. Clover and timothy haying was favored by the absence of rain. The quality of the crop is excellent, though the yield has been somewhat re- duced by the drouth. 618 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII Potatoes, both early and late, have been seriously injured by the heat and drouth. Unless general soaking rains come soon the crop will be nearly a failure. Gardens and pastures have also suffered. The main honey flow is past and an excellent crop has been secured. The flow from sweet clover continues. Bulletin No. 14, July 11; 1922 — Rainfall the past week exceeded one inch except in some west-central counties. In large areas the rainfall was between three and four inches, and in a few localities exceeded four inches. The drouth was effectually broken, yet more rain will soon be needed in the west-central counties where soil moisture is greatly deficient. For the State as a whole, June, 1922, was the driest June on record. Some local damage resulted from excessive rains, windsqualls and hail- storms. In portions of Boone and Story counties hail, July 5, caused total destruction of crops over considerable areas, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Small grains were beaten down by the rain over large areas. Temperatures and sunshine were noticeably deficient. Corn was greatly benefited by the rains and made good progress. The earliest fields are beginning to show tassels in nearly all portions of the State. About 85 per cent of the crop has been laid by. Reports from hun- dreds of correspondents on July 1st showed the condition of the crop to be about the 10-year average, and considerable improvement has occurred since that time. Oats. July 1, showed the lowest percentage condition since 1911. The cool, rainy weather of the past week will materially aid the filling of late oats but came too late for early oats which are already being harvested. Though the straw is short the grains are of good quality. Winter wheat harvest made rapid progress. More than half of the crop is in shock. Good to excellent yield and quality are indicated. Spring wheat has been seriously damaged in the large producing west-central counties. The condition July 1 was the lowest since 1894. Poor results in recent years have diminished the acreage so that this crop is now of rela- tively little importance. Barley harvest is in progress. The condition of this crop is the poorest since 1911. Late potatoes were greatly improved by the recent cool, cloudy and rainy weather, but early potatoes were too far along to be helped. Cabbage, onions and garden truck were also benefited. Hay making was greatly impeded by the rain. Considerable hay was damaged in the making. The second cutting of alfalfa is in progress in the west-central, alfalfa section, where the frequency and intensity of rainfall has not greatly interfered. Bulletin No. 15, July 18, 1922 — Copious to excessive rains occurred this week in all but the extreme northern and western counties. The rain was attended by strong wind and hail in many localities. The principal damage so far reported is in Black Hawk, Boone, Cerro Gordo, Fayette, Greene, Polk, Story and Wright counties. Temperature and sunshine were again deficient. Harvesting and thrashing were delayed in the storm area. Unharvested small grain, mostly oats, were beaten down by wind and rain over large areas. Thrashing of winter wheat, barley and early oats, which was well under way in the southern third of the State, was interrupted by the rains. Shocked grain was saturated and in some cases had started to heat, germi- nate and rot. The dry, sunny weather that is following will help to dry the grain much of which will have to be spread out for this purpose. Early thrashing returns show a yield of winter wheat slightly above the average and quality excellent. The recent cool, moist weather has bene- ficially prolonged the ripening of late oats. Early oats that have been thrashed yielded a little better than was expected, though considerably IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 619 below the average. The quality is better than last year. Much hay has been damaged in the making. Corn has made good growth. Tasseling is becoming general and ears are appearing in the earliest fields. In general the crop is about a week or ten days later than last year. The Secretary of the State Horticultureal Society reports the condition of fruits and vegetables on July 15 as follows: "Summer apples, 80; fall apples, 79; winter apples, 70; pears, 63; plums, 73; grapes, 95; red rasp- berries, 76; black raspberries, 80; blackberries, 70; gooseberries, 86; cur- rants, 86; peaches, 83; early potatoes, 71; late potatoes, 80; early cabbage, 86; late cabbage, 87; onions, 84; sweet corn, 90; tomatoes, 89; watermelons. 80; cucumbers, 80; sweet potatoes, 86 per cent." Bulletin IVo. 16, July 25, 1922 — Light to moderate showers with temperature and sunshine slightly below normal were generally favorable for crops and not seriously detrimental to harvesting and thrashing. Hail storms of the 16th, mentioned last week, though wreaking total destruction of crops in areas as large as 25 farms, were not of great importance as compared with the total crops of the State. The accompanying wind and rain over large areas and also windstorms of the 22d in the western part of the State damaged the overloaded fruit trees, blew off much fruit, flattened the uncut grain and damaged the shock grain. Corn, though blown over badly, will mostly recover. Corn made satisfactory progress, It varies greatly in stage of develop- ment, some fields showing large ears and abundant silk and others not yet showing tassels. In general the crop it at least a week later in develop- ment than last year and is silking and tasseling on shorter stalks but this is probably not a disadvantage. Harvesting is practically completed excepting in the northern third of the State. The cool, moist weather of July has greatly improved late oats. Thrashing has been considerably delayed by wet shocks and slightly de- layed in localities by coal shortage resulting from the miners' strike. Early thrashing returns show unusual variability in yields. In general winter wheat yield has been very satisfactory and oats has turned out better than expected from the exceedingly short straw. The usual large movement of grain from the machine to market has been delayed by car shortage resulting from the railroad strike. Most of the timothy seed crop was headed or otherwise harvested during the last week. The indications are that the total crop will be somewhat less than last year. Second cutting of alfalfa is in progress. Though many apples, plums, pears and peaches have been blown from the trees by recent windstorms, there is still an abundance of fruit. Early apples and windfalls are being fed to hogs. The berry crop is good and there is an excellent prospect for grapes. Watermelons and muskmelons are promising. Bulletin No. 17, August 1, 1922 — Generous rains occurred throughout the State, particularly in the western portion where moisture has been seriously deficient. The temperature which has been deficient most of July, rose toward the close of the week and several stations reported their only 90 temperatures of the month on the last day. Destructive winds are reported over relatively small areas and a tornado in Floyd county near Colwell. Shocked grain was saturated by the heavy rains. The quality of oats was considerably reduced by molding, sprouting and rotting. Thrashing has been greatly delayed by the wet weather and slightly by coal shortage. Considerable of the thrashed oats are not dry enough to keep in bins, partly because of the wet weather and partly because they were cut too green. A beginning has been made in thrashing in all but some of the ex- 620 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII trerae northern counties and several localities report this work one-fourth done. Yields of oats are generally better than expected and the quality- would have been very good but for the rain damage. Winter wheat yields are slightly above the average. Considerable is going from machine to market at $1.00 per bushel. Abundant moisture and greater warmth pushed corn ahead at a normal rate. Practically all is tasseled, much is silked and large ears are seen in the earliest fields in all portions of the State. The outlook for this crop is promising. Potatoes were greatly favored by the cool, moist July and the outlook for this crop is better than for several years, at this time of the year. The acre- age is, however, rather small, due to repeated failures in recent years. Cabbage, onions, tomatoes, melons and other truck crops have made good progress. Apples are unusually abundant and where sprayed the crop is of excellent quality. Peaches, pears and plums are in excellent condition. Recent rains have started honey producing plants to blooming freely and a very good late flow of honey is indicated. Buckwheat looks good. Pastures, second growth clover and third growth alfalfa are making un- usual progress for the time of year. Some alsike and medium red clover seed from first cutting has been thrashed and the yields are reported good. Timothy seed thrashing, though delayed by wet weather, has made good progress and the yields are satisfactory. Bulletin No. 18, August 8, 1922 — Little or no rain over most of the State, seasonable temperature and nor- mal sunshine were favorable conditions for finishing the harvest in the northern counties and for drying the shocked grain; and with ample soil moisture from previous rains corn made very good progress. Thrashing was nearly suspended till after the middle of the week. The wet bundles could scarcely be fed through the machines and the thrashed grain heated in the bins. Strong northerly winds with low humidity set in Sunday night, drying the grain rapidly so that shocked thrashing and stacking are making rapid progress. For the State as a whole not more than one-fourth of the thrashing has been done. Yields of oats, especially late oats, are turning out better than expected and in general will prob- ably be up to or slightly above the 10-year average and considerably better than last year. Corn made good progress. Roasting ears are reported in the earliest fields in the southern counties and the milk stage in the northwest. In general the crop is about 10 days later than last year, but with normal weather a good crop is indicated. Abundant soil moisture has made plowing easy and a good beginning has been made in some localities. A large acreage of fall wheat will be seeded in Taylor county. Truck crops, potatoes and pastures are in good to excellent condition. Considerable commercial cabbage has been shipped from Mitchell county and onions are maturing gradually and will be a good crop. Tomatoes have set a good crop and are ripening rapidly. Late potatoes are more promis- ing than for several years. The peach crop will be the largest for several years. Apples are so abundant that there is no market for them and they are rotting or being fed to hogs. Early grapes are beginning to turn, and a heavy crop is indicated. Bulletin No. 19, August 15, 1922 — Rainfall of the week was normal or above in the south-central, central and north-central districts and portions of the southwest and west-central dis- tricts, but deficient elsewhere. Temperatures were abnormally low at the beginning of the week but became higher toward the close and reached 90 degrees or higher at many stations on Monday, 13th. Sunshine was defi- cient in the northeast and above normal in the southwest portion of the IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 621 State. Hail occurred over large areas on the 9 th and caused complete destruction of crops in unusually large areas in Audubon, Cass, Crawford, Dickinson and Shelby counties. Corn made fair progress, but needs higher temperature in all portions of the State during the next three weeks to bring it through ahead of frost. Recent favorable conditions1 in the west-central and northwest districts caused the corn there to catch up to the rest of the State but everywhere the corn is 10 days to two weeks later than last year. The earliest fields are just beginning to dent; the bulk of the crop has scarcely reached the roasting ear stage; much is yet in the milk; and the latest is just tasseling. There are no complaints of barren stalks as was the case last year. With favorable weather a large crop will be matured. Rain is needed in some northeast and southeast counties for the best development of the crop. Thrashing, though delayed by wet weather, is about 75 per cent com- pleted. The coal shortage has caused more than the usual amount of stack- ing in some sections. Yield reports continue good to execellent, except that oats in the west-central and northwest districts are about half a crop. Flax harvest began on the 10th. Considerable timothy is standing in the shocks unthrashed. A good second crop of red clover and a third crop of alfalfa is ready to harvest and this work has already begun in Scott county. Clover is re- ported full of seed, but needs warm, dry weather to ripen the seed. Con- siderable mildew is reported on clover. Fall plowing has made good progress in many sections, but is much harder to do than would ordinarily be expected from the amount of rain that has fallen. The soil is turning up cloddy. Increased fall wheat acre- age is indicated in several counties. Melons, sweet corn, tomatoes and onions are yielding well. The com- mercial canning season is at its height. Considerable shipments of onions have been made from the large onion producing sections in Mitchell and Harrison counties. Potatoes, though yielding better than usual in gardens and on ordinary farms, are below normal in the Mitchell county commercial producing region. Bulletin No. 20, August 22, 1922 — The warmest week of the season with ample to copious rains over most of the State and sunshine above normal made an unusual meteorological medley beneficial to corn, pastures and most other crops, while potatoes are not believed to have been injured by the heat. Most of the rain fell Monday morning, the 21st. Temperatures were high in the 90's on several after- noons. Soil moisture is now generally sufficient to mature the corn crop, but two weeks of hot weather are needed. The earliest corn is past the roast- ing ear stage and some is nearly ready for the silo, but much is yet in the milk. Shock thrashing is about finished in most sections of the State. Yields are usually variable but will average good, except oats in the west-central and northwest portions of the State. Third cutting of alfalfa and second cutting of medium red clover was pushed rapidly. The heat and sunshine of the early part of the week cured the crop nicely. Late reports from timothy thrashing indicate good yields. Second clover crop blossoms are full of seed and a good seed crop is indicated. Some first clover thrashed for seed has yielded well. Recent rains have aided plowing. Further reports of increased acreage to be seeded to fall wheat have been received. The Secretary of the State Horticultural Society reports the condition of fruits August 15 as follows: Summer apples, 80; fall apples, 77; winter apples, 70; pears, 69; grapes, 98; red raspberries, 76; black raspberries, 87; blackberries, 87; peaches, 82; plums, 62; early potatoes, 73; late potatoes, 622 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII 85; early cabbage, 80; late cabbage, 90; onions, 82; sweet corn, 95; tomatoes, 93; cucumbers, 85; watermelons, 83; and sweet potatoes, 85 per cent of a full crop. Bulletin No. 21, August 29, 1922 — Hot weather at the beginning of the week culminated in the highest temperature of the season on the 24th, followed by a fall of about 40 de- grees in 12 hours and cool thereafter. Heavy rains fell in Polk county and in adjacent west-central, central and south-central counties. Elsewhere the rain was mostly light to moderate. More rain is needed in the east- central and northeast counties. Corn made excellent progress till the cool weather came. Much of it is dented and a little in the northern part of the State is considered safe from frost. Cutting for fodder and silo will begin soon in the north-central counties. More hot weather is needed but more rain would probably be a disadvantage. The general condition of the crop is good. Reports from a special list of correspondents show that the average date of planting was May 12, the same as last year, and that the average date when 75 per cent was silked was July 27, 75 days after planting and 10 days later than last year. The loss of 10 days was due to the cool period extending from the first of July to the middle of August, when the temperature averaged about two degrees per day below normal. No harm will result if tempera- tures are normal or higher during the next three weeks. Thrashing of small grain has been completed in many localities and is nearly completed everywhere. Shipments of grain are slow, owing to poor transportation. Roads are mostly good. Clover seed hulling and timothy seed thrashing are in progress with mostly good reports. Considerable second crop clover remains to be cut and reports on seed prospects from second crop clover are rather conflicting. Late potatoes, truck and pastures are generally good, though more rain is rather seriously needed in the east and southeast counties. Onion and potato harvest is progressing well in Mitchell county and cabbage is being shipped when refrigerator cars can be obtained. Apples are over-abundant with practically no market. Other fruits are plentiful. Commercial sweet corn and tomato canning made good progress. These crops have yielded well. Plowing was interrupted by the hot weather and by heavy rains over the sections where these fell, but has now been resumed except in the east and northeast counties, where the soil is too dry. Bees are storing a large amount of honey of excellent quality from fall flowers and Hubam sweet clover and building up strength to withstand the winter. Bulletin No. 22, September 5, 1922 — The past week was next to the warmest of the season. Rainfall ranging from practically none in the north and east to excessive local downpours- in the southwest portions. Corn made very good progress. Considerable of the earliest is safe from frost, particularly in the northern counties, and only a little of the latest has not dented. Seed corn can now be gathered. Silo filling and fodder cutting is due to begin any time, though as yet none has been reported. The general condition of the crop is good, though the yield has been some- what reduced by drouth in the northern and eastern counties. Where rain has been sufficient, fall plowing and preparation for seeding winter wheat and rye has made good progress. The favorable conditions in the usual winter wheat raising sections of the State, together with more favorable yield and price of that crop compared with oats, will result in a considerable increase in acreage seeded to winter wheat. Seeding will be delayed to avoid the Hessian fly. Over the western half of the State soil and IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 623 weather conditions have been favorable for fall seeding of alfalfa which will augment the steady increase in acreage of this valuable crop. Three cuttings of alfalfa have been made in most sections this season and a fourth is in prospect in some localities. Sugar beet yield has been shortened considerably by drouth in some lo- calities, but the quality of the beets for sugar making purposes is reported as good. Sorghum cutting and grinding is now in progress. The dry, hot weather in the northern counties has been unfavorable for late potatoes. Such commercial potatoes as are raised in Iowa come mostly from these counties. Onion harvest is well advanced in Mitchell and Har- rison counties. Cabbage cutting has been suspended in Mitchell county on account of scarcity of suitable cars in which to ship. Bulletin No. 23, September 12, 1922 — September 4th to 8th, inclusive, was the hottest five-day period of the season. Many stations reported maximum temperatures around the 100 mark on the 6th and several established new high records for September. The temperature fell decidedly on the 9th and 10th. Light frosts were re- ported in the northwest on the 10th and at several places in nearly all dis- tricts of the morning of the 11th with temperatures in the 30's, the lowest reported being 31 at Washta. There was no material damage except to tender garden truck. Rains following the heated term were generous except in the northwest and north central districts. Reports from hundreds of monthly correspondents on September 1 showed that with normal weather, 68 per cent of the corn would be safe from frost by September 20; 81 per cent by September 30; and if frost held off till October 15, 93 per cent would be safe and until October 31, 98 per cent. The recent hot, dry weather has hastened maturity so that more than 70 per cent is already safe, but it is- believed that the crop has been shortened somewhat by this premature ripening, particularly in the northern and eastern counties where the drouth has been acute for several weeks. Some of the latest corn has not dented yet. Fodder cutting and silo filling is being pushed vigorously. It is probable that more of the crop will be handled this way than last year, since it is standing up well generally. Truck crops, pastures and plowing were greatly benefited by the rains, but more rain is needed in the northwest and north central counties. Shipping of potatoes, onions and cabbage is brisk in Mitchell county. Canning factories are bringing the season's work to a close, though some are still running a full force on sweet corn and will soon begin on pump- kins. The pack of sweet corn is larger than last year, but only about half that of 1920. The fourth crop of alfalfa was also benefited by the rains. The honey flow from fall flowers was shortened in the drouthy districts. Over most of the winter wheat counties, soil conditions have been favor- able for plowing and preparation of seed bed, but the actual work of seed- ing is awaiting a date safe from Hessian fly, which is more numerous than for many years. Bulletin No. 24, September 19, 1922 — Rains of the week were generous and well distributed over a wide belt extending from southwest to northeast across the State, but generally defi- cient elsewhere. Temperature and sunshine were deficient. Corn made rather slow progress as a result of the cool weather, though this will probably be an advantage if frost holds off long enough, for it offset to some extent the premature ripening of previous hot weeks. Probably 85 per cent of the crop is now safe from moderate frost, though not from a severe freeze. During the last 10 years only 82 per cent of the crop on the average has escaped frost damage, but this 10-year period in- cludes the three unusually bad years, 1912, 1915 and 1917. Slight damage occurred on lowlands from frost on the 11th. The rapid drying of the crop 624 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII during- the first part of September hastened silo filling and fodder cutting In some localities the work has been completed. There are a few reports that "hogging down" has begun. Potato digging is well under way in some localities, with good reports as to yield and quality. The yield will be about double that of last year. Late truck crops and pastures were improved by the rains. Tomatoes and melons are in good condition, although slightly nipped by frost on lowlands in some localities on the 11th. Preparations for winter wheat seeding have continued in the usual winter wheat section of the State and extended northward more than usual, though the acreage in the northern half of the State will of course be relatively small. Seeding has begun in Lee and Woodbury counties, but is being gen- erally delayed to avoid the Hessian fly. It is probable that the fly-free date will be announced by the State Entomologist at Ames, after which the win- ter wheat will be seeded with a rush. The Secretary of the State Horticultural Society reports the condition of fruits and vegetables, on September 15, as follows: Fall apples, 85; winter apples, 70; pears, 69; plums, 75; grapes, 95; peaches, 80; late potaoes, 75; late cabbage, 81; onions, 84; tomatoes, 92; watermelons, 86; cucumbers, 78; sweet potatoes, 77 per cent of a full crop. Bulletin No. 25, September 2G, 1922 — Warm days, cool nights and almost rainless weather were favorable for maturing corn, digging potaoes, fall plowing, winter wheat seeding and other farm work. Corn is about up to the normal stage of advancement though a few late planted fields are still green. Less than 10 per cent would now be damaged by a moderately heavy frost. Considerable fodder cutting and silo filling was done the past week and a little cribbing has been done from the earli- est fields. Light frost in some localities of the northwestern portion of the State on the morning of the 25th did no appreciable damage. Winter wheat seeding is under way in a good many counties though there is still danger that wheat seeded now may come up in time to catch a liberal deposit of Hessian fly eggs. During the warm afternoons recently the State Entomologist reported a large increase in eggs deposited. In Warren county 13 eggs per wheat plant were deposited on the 23d. A few early seeded winter wheat fields in Lucas and Wayne counties are already up and 3 inches high. There are reports of winter wheat seeding ex- tending northward into new territory in central Iowa. Buckwheat is being harvested and the crop is reported as good in the northeastern part of the State, to which this crop is mostly confined. Sugar beet harvest is about to begin in Wright county, where the quality of the beets is reported as good. Fall apple picking is in progress. The crop is excellent in quantity and quality where spraying was attended to properly. Grape harvest is about finished; the crop was abundant. Potatoes and onions by the trainload in Mitchell county are being held in warehouses on account of shortage of cars in which to ship. As a whole the season has been favorable for nearly all crops and in this respect Iowa has been more favored than surrounding states. For this reason prices should be more satisfactory this year than last year pro- vided products are not rushed to market too fast. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 625 CROP SEASON WEATHER, 1922, BY WEEKS. Average rainfall, mean temperature and mean sunshine with departures from the normal, as derived from the records of selected stations. Rainfall Temperature (inches) (Deg. Fahr.) Sunsnine bfl Week ending a> o « p 3 a> c3 a 5 CJ a a a CO 3 o 0 Ph a> P April 4 April 11 April 18 April 25 May 2 May 9— May 16 May 23 May 30 June 6 June 13 June 20 — June 27 July 4 July 11 July 18— July 25 August 1 August 8 August 15 August 22 August 29 September 5__. September 12... September 19 September 26... October 3 For the season. 0.7 +0.2 41 — 1 27 —32 2.0 +1.4 54 + 7 34 —25 0.5 —0.3 47 — 2 49 —10 0.1 —0.6 51 — 2 68 + 6 0.1 -0.7 52 — 2 55 + 6 0.8 —0.2 65 + 7 69 + 1 0.3 -0.6 65 + 5 71 + 9 0.9 " 0 62 — 1 60 — 4 1.4 +0.3 67 + 2 44 —20 0.5 -0.8 64 — 3 63 — 3 0.7 —0.4 76 + 7 81 +u 0.2 -0.9 75 + 4 71 + 3 C.3 —0.8 74 + 2 80 + 10 0.5 —0.5 72 — 2 68 — 4 2.3 +1.4 71 — 4 58 —14 1.8 +1.0 73 — 3 68 — 6 0.4 —0.4 74 — 2 68 — 5 1.6 +0.8 74 — 1 60 —13 0.3 —0.5 75 0 73 + 1 0.4 —0.4 73 — 1 71 0 1.1 +0.3 79 + 6 81 + 11 0.7 0 73 + 2 69 + 1 0.2 —0.4 76 + 8 67 — 4 1.4 +0.6 74 + 7 73 + 8 0.7 —0.1 63 — 2 58 — 6 t -0.7 62 0 71 + 9 0.1 —0.5 68 + 8 82 +21 20.0 —2.8 67 + 1 64 — 2 fNot more than .05 inch. MONTHLY PERCENTAGE CONDITION OF CROPS, 1922, AND YIELD PER ACRE. Crops April 1 May 1 June 1 Julyl Aug. 1 Sept. 1 Oct. 1 Yield per acre Corn 92 86 91 86 92 95 91 75 91 79 82 93 84 79 85 85 92 83 94 84 94 90 96 45.0 bu. Oats -- 37.0 bu. Winter wheat—. 92 95 23.0 bu. Spring wheat __ 81 87 15.0 bu. 91 . 28.4 bu. Rye 93 b7 19.0 bu. Flax 87 84 87 87 93 90 90 85 9(1 86 10.0 bu. Potatoes . 92 87 87 98 91 106.0 bu. 93 93 ~-l7- 1.40 tons 1.14 tons Alfalfa 2.07 tons 91 86 40 626 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII FINAL ESTIMATES OF IOWA CROPS, 1922 (Dated December 1, 1922) An increase of 57 per cent in the total value of Iowa's 1922 crops over 1921 is shown by the final joint estimates of the U. S. Bureau of Agricul- tural Economics and the Iowa Weather and Crop Service. Four bumper corn crops in succession is Iowa's unprecedented record. The 1922 crop of 455,535,000 bushels was raised on 10,123,000 acres with the average yield of 45 bushels to the acre, worth, December 1, fifty-four cents per bushel, or a total value of $245,989,000. The total crop of 1922 is exceeded only by that of 1920. The old corn on hand November 1, 39,668,000 bushels (latest revision) plus the 1922 crop makes the total corn on farms 495,203,000 bushels compared with 502,344,000 in 1921 and 506,943,000 in 1920. New corn is 28 per cent above prewar normal; old corn 159 per cent above; and total corn 33 per cent above prewar normal. Fortunately, Iowa farmers are much better provided with live stock to consume this corn than they were last year and the corn production for the country as a whole is less. The quality of the 1922 corn crop is good, the moisture content of that received at elevators during the last week of November was 16.8 per cent as compared with 16.0 per cent last year. Ninety-seven per cent matured without frost damage. On December 1, 86 per cent of the corn husking had been done which is about the usual. About 8 per cent of the crop was hogged and grazed down. Oats were a much better crop than last year, yielding a total of 222,851,000 bushels on 6,023,000 acres with an average yield of 37 bushels per acre, worth 34 cents per bushel or a total value of $75,769,000. Spring wheat dropped to 68,000 acres which is probably the least since Iowa became a State. The yield per acre was 15 bushels; total crop 1,020,000 bushels; worth at 95 cents per bushel, $969,000. Winter wheat is steadily gaining favor in Iowa. The acreage in 1922 increased to 689,000; the yield per acre was 23 bushels; the total yield, 15,847,000 bushels; the price 97 cents per bushel and the total value, $15,372,000. Winter killing was only 2 per cent in the winter of 1921-22. A further increase in acreage seeded is reported for the 1923 crop but there are indications that this will be somewhat reduced by the depreda- tions of the Hessian fly. Barley acreage is estimated at 150,000; yield per acre, 28.4 bushels; total, 4,260,000 bushels, worth, at 52 cents per bushel, $2,215,000. Rye acreage was 60,000; yield per acre, 19 bushels; total yield 1,140,000 bushels; price 71 cents per bushel; value $809,000. Flaxseed: — Area harvested 8,000 acres; average yield, 10 bushels; total yield, 80,000 bushels; price per bushel, $2.07; total value, $166,000. Timothy seed: — Area harvested, 230,000 acres; average yield 4.53 bushels; total yield, 1,042,000 bushels; average price, $2.49; total value, $2,595,000. Clover seed: — Area harvested, 132,000 acres; yield per acre, 1.7 bushels; total yield, 224,000 bushels; price per bushel, $10.40; total value, $2,330,000. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 627 Tame hay increased to 3,393,000 acres, including 200,000 acres of alfalfa. The average yield was 1.40 tons; total production, 4,750,000 tons; price $10.40 per ton; total value, $49,400,000. Alfalfa yielded 2.67 tons per acre or a total of 534,000 tons; price $14.80 per ton; total value $7,903,000. Wild Hay: — Area, 432,000 acres; yield per acre, 1.14 tons; total produc- tion, 492,000 tons; price $8.50 per ton; total value $4,182,000. Minor miscellaneous crops such as garden truck, fruit, pop corn, sweet corn, buckwheat, sugar beets, pasturage, etc. are lumped off at a paltry $75,101,000 worth. Increased values due to feeding a considerable portion of these crops to live stock are not considered in this report. Details by counties are shown on the following pages. FARM WAGES IN 1922 The wages of male farm labor in Iowa during 1922 were as follows: Average rate per month when hired by the year with board, $37.00, com- pared with $39.55 last year; without board, $48.00, compared with $52.40 last year. Average wage per day for day labor for harvest work with board, $2.70, compared with $2.76 last year; without board, $3.50, com- pared with $3.57 last year. Average wage per day for day labor for other than harvest work with board, $2,13, compared with $2.25 last year; without board, $2.58, compared with $2.72 last year. See table on page 16. FUEL ON IOWA FARMS IN 1922 The average number of cords of fire wood burned per farm reporting for 1922 is estimated at 7.5 cords, compared with 9 cords last year. The average price per cord, 4-ft. length, for 1922 is estimated at $5.20, compared with $5.14 last year. The average number of tons of coal burned per farm reporting this year was 6.6 tons and the average price estimated at $10.25 per ton. See pages 17 to 19. IOWA FARM PRICES, DECEMBER 1, 1922 The prices of Iowa farm crops are steadily climbing. A dollar's worth of crops in Iowa November, 1913 — before the war — would have sold for 72 cents a year ago in November; for 78 cents in October of this year, and for 83 cents in November of this year. A dollar's worth of crops De- cember 1913 would sell for more than 99 cents today, practically at par again. The reason for this sudden change in purchasing power is due to several factors. One of which is the demand for feed by an increased number of live stock on feed, 50 per cent more cattle in Iowa and 20 per cent more sheep in the United States. Another is the fact that the normal tendency of crop prices is slightly downward during the fall months. Car shortage in some sections acting as a break on crop movements tends to keep corn prices up. With live stock — cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, horses and dairy cows — a dollar's worth in November, 1913, would sell for 97 cents in November, 1922. 628 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII With live stock products, milk, butter, eggs, and wool a dollar's worth in November 1913 would sell for $1.46 November 1922. Wholesale prices of what the farmer has to buy are still 50 per cent or more higher than in 1913 for the United States. A dollar's wrorth of clothing in 1913 would cost $1.88 this fall, building materials $1.83, house furnishings goods $1.76. C. F. S. WINTER WHEAT AND RYE OUTLOOK IN IOWA, 1923. The acreage of winter wheat sown in Iowa this fall, as reported by the Division of Crop and Live Stock Estimates of the United States Department of Agriculture, in co-operation with the Iowa Weather and Crop Service, is 773,000 acres, compared with 6S9,000 acres harvested during 1922. The condition December 1 was 91 per cent of the normal. Considerable loss from Hessian fly is indicated. The acreage sown to rye in Iowa this fall is estimated at 59,000 acres, compared with 60,000 acres harvested this year. The growing condition December 1 was 94 per cent of normal. County estimates of acreage seeded to winter wheat and rye for the 1923 crop and the condition in per cent of normal is shown on page 20. IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 629 TABULATED CROP SUMMARY, IOWA 1922 Crop Corn Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat-- Barley Rye Flax seed Timothy seed Clover seed Potatoes Hay (tame) Hay (wild) Alfalfa Pasture and grazing Ensilage Sweet corn (com'l crop)— Pop corn Buckwheat (estimated) Fruit crop (estimated) Garden truck (estimated). Miscellaneous (estimated). Acres Average yield Total yield 10,123,000 6,023.000 08,000 6S9.000 150,000 60,000 S,000 2 JO, 000 132,000 "94,000 3,393,000 432,000 200,000 10.130,000 - 304,000 30,000 5,500 2, 5,000 45.00 bus. 37.00 bus. 15.00 bus. 23.00 bus. 28.40 bus- 19.00 bus. 10.00 bus. 4.53 bus. 1.70 bus. 90.00 bus. 1.40 tons 1.14 tons 2.67 tons 4.-5,535,00 i 222.851,00 1,020, (MX 15,847,00i I 4,260,00., 1,140,000 80, 000 ! 1,042,000 224,000 8,460,000 4,750,000 492,000 534,000 8.00 tons 3.00 tons 200-00 lbs. 14.00 bus. 2,432,000 90,000 12,100,000 70,000 Total value 0.54$ 0.34 0.95 0.97 0.52 0.71 2.07 2.49 10.40 0.62 10.40 8.50 14. SO 5.58-. 3.40 7.00 0.03 1.19 15 24.30 $245 12.5b 75 14.25 22.31 14.77 13.49 20.7o 11.28 17.65 55.80 14.56 9.68 39,52 27.20 21.00 66.00 16.66 ,989,000 ,769,000 969,000 ,372, 00 J ,215,00) 809,000 166,000 ,595,000 ,330,000 .245.000 ,400,000 ,182,000 ,903,000 ,525,000 ,269,i00 630,000 S63.000 83,(00 ,000,000 .000,000 ,500,000 Total value, not including live stock products, for the year, 1922 $480,142,000 1921 305,459,429 1920 560,460,638 "Subject to revision when assessors' figures become available. •'Alfalfa included in tame hay and therefore excluded from grand total. cEnsilage, acreage, production and value is included in corn and therefore excluded from grand total. MISCELLANEOUS TABLE Corn moisture. Price of buckwheat, sorghum sirup, hogs for market, cattle for market, feeder cattle and wages of farm labor. Districts Average Price December 1, 1922 a& 3A +» +J O U.X3 0> o§3 a oj — J2 Goo a 0 p. p 03 S . a a H 9 . ss O ft ° £ •2* **% 5> co 0 M 22 3.o to 3 0 a a 0. S pq CO w O O Wages of Male Farm Labor, 1922 Average rate per month- s-hen hired by the year » "2 Average Average wage per wage per iay for day lay for day labor for labor other harvest than har- work vest work £* o S Northwest North Central Xor*neast West Central- Central East Central. Southwest South Central Southeast State 16.6 _. 17.5$ 18.0 17.0- 16.1) 17.9 14.5 .. 16.2 16.2 — $ .86 $ 7.00 I 8.00 $ 5.70 $37.50 $52.00 $ 2 .00 2 1.07 1.07 7.00 .98 1.01 7.31 .97 7.15 1.50 1.04 7.22 .83 1.01 7.30 1.01 7.26 1.05 .95 7.40 2.08 .88 7.30 8.45 8.44 8.92 9.04 8.86 9.12 8.86 8.80 5.90 5.76 6.26 6.45 6.82 6.51 6.64 6.50 36.00 37.00 38.0) 37.00 3S.O0 37.70 34.00 35.00 .57 !.82 5.68 > _ - -, l'.30 !.58 !.40 1.49 3.56: 3.52 3.4h 3.35 S.50 3.54 3.21 2.92 2.20 2.20 2.19 2.10 2.50 2.16 2.(0 1.88 1.91 2-86 2.70 2.77 2 57 2. 74 2.M) 2.6:i 2.30 2 35 16.8 1.25 .97 7.20 40 36.80 49.70 2-70 3.35 2.11 267 630 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII CD IftCN Ortfia-t t-Tn^ i-h :5SSgS8?SiS £8838? oo 25© ©< Ot-OOOO) T3 >> ©©©©s©©©©©: co >.o l.1 — <# m efl © © i- i -^iQcorrt'^-'i-eococc.-rc ©©©©©©©©©© i-i -*io ©©©>©©© ©©<©>©©© co r- 03 © l- co — oo J -r © — ■ 0010Nt.»OH"*WMO 5 MHrH&H&OOlNOOlOOO i-i rH H CM rtrt S82SS: IBOr-Soi f-i ~ " — 3 - -©©©©©©©©© 6 i- rt 1- 3 N C N XOO - -in 10 1-' ea >* bo -©* e» ■* oo eg © ©* OJ 01 CN i-i r- . i— CN r-i i— CO CI 01 ooooooooooo c-i rf -£ cm © i-h i— CN go i— Oi l-.O05 00N1i_ CO CO OOt-00 CO* CO iH ft'C ©r-l i-HCD r-*CO CNCOCOCMCNCNTrCOi-tCNCN ooo © c © (Dh'hC CO 01* LO CO CM CO CO I- ©©©©©©©©©©©© I- - C> © r. 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1 ©©< 1 o co o in o ~& o i in m -^ co -* tjh.^. :888888 ■ © © © © © © 0s © co' ©' 05 in HO(Offil>rH « s « s J, a 5 c o QJ Q (h O H-l'-S^I-S' 632 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII 1§ ~ 03 Pi-C 03 £53 S?83g8888 ©tooooooow NOOMNoaaoio HOOI>ONOM ON IS OrtlOtDHH >©©©©oo©o >00N3Olflt-«M joot^-^wmt-iow (Ni-I ©©©©©©©©00 ) iH CSI 0 03rl«05'<* §M S CO CI S M O O CO O0©0©0©©00 cm oo r- © t~ 06 — ©J. ^COOo'cOCsT S 8 8 8 ° oo ©-(<-# i O O O Q © © © ■ I CO O ^*l-t<00© ooo.-ocoocoo I© ©c^oo© HWlOlOH-tfCOtO^^iN CO OjMCSNlS O ©ocr^oooo© •^ C0-X 0»rH >*w OCO«*lQt-t~CO CO CO OS t— I -j C<5cOTtl IftLO co co in ! oo § io i-i go *- co in ■* c i-H I Tjl CO i-t r-t ■* CO i o ©©©©©© ■ i © co i-i co r~- in ?fi ( I 10MHt»WO O0©0©©©©©©0 1° ©©ooo CM 00 © CO l> -tfi i-( rH rH 00 oooo©] co mt- co -* i OCNI^rHCii-ICOCTlOOt o ooo oo CO HW00OC1 O HOiNlOO of © in co t- co 8888< © O O © < '©© ■88 88888888888 ■ o © ■. © ; i © o < -h r- i-i cc© eo< 88888: 1-- h -t t» k c cr -f ir; -f in ' oo © oo co ~f rH ci n n m o o cr O OO 2£ .C c3 c3 -J-2'O'a QQ a o - 5 ■- ° « o « o|^S"3.io£cidS 3 DO 'rrt «.S IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 633 147,910 78,0 -0 120,(00 153,0(0 107,000 123,000 1 S o o CO s O ~ o o o o m a a ■<* c ia o o oj c5 co oo ~f C3 53 CO CI 00 CO (NOD co c-l co :- co ■<*< Q O o OO CO I- ^# 1 1 co '.o oa oi io ci c o < r-i i-H lO CM oo © o"ic Ol 1- I- - 33a>:££ 634 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII a « ££ snoi 9J0B J3d snojj 1^0 J, 9J0B J3(J saoj, SUOJ 8IDB J3d saoj, spqsnq 9MB JOd siaqsng S[9qsnq 9J0B J9d S[9qsng spqsnq 9J0B J9d S[9qsng s[9qsnq 9I3B J9d S[9qsng spqsnq IBIOJ, 9job jad sigqsng; spqsnq a.iDB jad spqsng sjaqsnq 9JDB J3d sfaqsna 5 6cSc&coco-h'c5* co < *»OOCO-'*-«*rHt^t^-t ■* ■* a! 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0 ■«* 1 1 -p 1 -# €©■ III $ .49 .55 .65 .51 ""43 .47 .49 .54 CO m O 1 ICO 1© 1 1 1 S ICO H 1 IH IH 1 II 1 ill 1 €©■ 1 1 1 III 1 r-l 1 1 1 © W 1 1 1 1 © 0 © 1 lOO j 1 1 IKO rA III 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 ^- III 1 1 1 1 2? eo 1 © m 1© 1 1 1 -h 1 eo © 1 © Ol 1© 1 1 lOi 1 O ea- I 1 III I f^ 1© 1 in -> 1 c5© IO CO rH OJ 1© ICOCJJ l©C-OJ00© 1 pH 1 ' IH ' ' 'rH €«- i«e- 1 1 N K ci r. cm '.~ CM CO — CO 01 CM eococoeocoeoeocoeocococo CO ■* CO LI CO CM CI CO -r -r CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO €©- «fr €6- €» in CO © CM CM -* CO CM CM -P r-. -p in m m w m in l.~ m u- m m m $ .53 $ .51 .51 .53 .52 52 .52 .54 .54 .52 .48 .52 m s I « cs q ! C o ' ^-^^ O. « s j= ^2 .H a >»" s s ^r- o .2 ^ 2 ' I o I bo jjpiSJ'S ^ 1 0 SCJO'S^-X! i-m J ^ ~J ^ O 5 "£ cu CTJ x3r; IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 639 •*-0««lOHO)NNIMlB 66- w©oooiaom-r^i--oooicoco INNHHINNHHHHHn -rOlCOeM©Mi00rH-fin©CM NNWNWN OI N CM CSJ OI O} 66- c* 66- 66- 69- i-h i- co © -* © oi m :o ci i- -**-3i-*rji-*CO"-corH©inin©o co © -*< r- co i-h m oi 01 in m o3B£8§:58=,3r5g § s ; iScSss; ©©©©inco©© n-j-© m©©-#i^ oo©© i© ©in © ci -* oi © ci oo oo icocioi ©ii©-room i© i © m © in©in-*..co i© tt-t^m oi -* oi co co oi icm i cm oi 01 SS8SSSr:SS8rH8 minc^-*inoioicirHco©co ©©t-COr-t-©©O0©Ci00 in©oooo©t^©m©m>©© r-^ oi oi oi © oo oi co ci i-h oi © COOiWOlOlCieNaOOOCJCiCO rH :-S I83SS3 : 188 I © Ci © t- 0-5 © lO © © © t- I©0li5©01©l-00©01© lrH©oirHcio}©l>COi-HCo' ■**< Oi Ci © CM oirHCO* t>-H<©rHCNiooinin ©rHl-ioor~ini~oi C-i ©00 rH © x co oi © m © 3 © CM ^ CM © J oi 00 ci © oi rH ci OI loCS'SSSSSSSS ig883SSa;g !(B! ■* m . CM © © 01 © 0-1 O -r t- -*minin-*mmminm-^i © i ci cj lOHffl i©o i en Oi ^33m:§§ IS3S lO m in r- so co co © cm t- OlCiOOOCiCiOiOJCiCi :si3 o» cjJOicici 3©©5soiCi©co £- in r-iin Oi Oi Ci © i Oi © © Ob Ci o» co rH l rH -* CM-T-fOllO-rt-iCOi— im-fOI CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CM CM'-i-HCOi— i-rint— ©rHCM ininiftininmmmmmm -n mm©© m m m in m m m m m m m m SmminminioSSm >d in I m i cj is C3 - si's if 3^ -1 — 3 11 ;. 640 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII j[inq ui (jgaiBjuoo jo saoijoos ai quioo aazopjgd 's33tf nOifliOHtoio i »m 0» HNi-iHMHH 1 rH i-H co W :o l> 9* 93- 93- (NCNrHCNCMcNcMCNKMCM i-H ■co c- 1 1~ m co m © in cs H N S-l C>1 H N m W CO se- 93- €r> 3jco©to^t*-Hi-*eo-ri O W s sss ;ss : | ; ■* C5 €6- ! ! 9> ■ iii 93- 1 III 93- -f ini-SoStot-toin CM CO OOHOSOONfflO i-H i-H i— 1 I— I rH r-l 93- © 93- aaoMHOowoo 60- o 93- ©©oacooio^ioM cs Tjl OOrHinino-#m(M ©tOCNCMCMOOOSCM-* to MN(NIMNN 68- 93- 88S IS888 !S3 M toSoorHin'^-^coin OS rH ioiow nr-oto it* cs HHri IHHH IHH 93- 1 1 m rH (M-*eOrHfM(MinCOCO 93- r" S3 93- 8 IS ! 8 1 ! cot-totot-t-tot-t- t- ■*mr ojocibhO t»l-©Nift(0^©.iH ' rH b- €©■ 9> 93- SeSfeSS |8gS co .78 .78 .SO .80 .75 co ee- ! e» 93- ! i 93- OOHOCONOC*tDr-l-* mmtomtoininintom N00 3 llOOOOM 1 in ■* m i m ■»* m in i in se- 93- 93- 1 ' 93^ es CO rH -* lO 25 itO.HO O Q Q » OS O) 1 OS CCS © CO OS oscsoososoosocs 8 i-H 1 i-l rH I-H I-H i-H 93- 1 93- 6*3- 9> NNOMN-f 1 rH CO tO OS OS © OS OS OS 1 GS OJ OS cscoososoocsoos OS i— 1 I-H rH i-H 93- i 93- 93- 93- toinw.oMnNOHoo CO.. cocooocococoooco to co cococococococococo 93^ c3 93- 93- w i^ os cm t- m r — c i- . - in io io w io in m m m io s inooo»oiNNao intommwmmmin in 93- *> 93- 9> • panod jad (•ISay 3At[) sa8j[Oiqo panod jad '^jng jo punod idd UIB3J0 spanod 8f jo [sqsnq j9d 'sa[ddy p^Iiaqs panod jdd 'ajoo-doj spunod09 Jo isqsnq jad paas j9aoio spanod sf jo laqsnq jad pass AqioraKi, spanod 000'g jo aoj jad (asooi) bjibjiv spanod 000*6 jo noi jad (asooi) £.uq pha\ spanod ow'^; jo aoj jad (asoo[) A"eq aoiBjj spanod 09 jo pqsnq jad (qsi.ii) saoje^od a^iqAV spanod gg jo iaqsnq jad aiy; spanod gr jo loqsnq jad Aafjea: spanod 09 jo pqsnq J9d ?B9q.tt ja^aiAA spanod 09 jo jaqsnq jad v)B9qn SaiJds spanod Z2 jo laqsnq J9d sjbq paqaqs -sqi gg jo JB9 ai -sqi qi jo [9qsnq*j9d ajof) P'o.S cu cu a pqOQ ► "3 ^ t S ' .C « « co fes 9 M^ ^ § * 6ft- m- 66- 6ft °& rHC0lr-evi;O<©-'HI>t~©© -*co*s^cocococoeo^co So 233g&88§38$3 o 9 «©■ 66- €0- 6ft 66; ee- WOsaHNNOO>»3tiN cococo-^co-«j<->tico-*-*-* O 6ft- $ .81 .43 .43 .41 .42 .41 .38 .38 .44 .39 .42 CO 6ft- 09- s CC ^t "^ 00 "* CO CO C>3 '" -** — " ©5rHC©r~©©t-00CO00 eft- 00 dft- t~0©00©©©00©0© 6ft-1-1 © 6ft- 1 $ .74 .86 .75 .76 .72 .69 .87 .94 .69 .71 .83 $ .78 $ .79 .77 .72 .88 .84 .80 .75 .82 .78 .74 © oo 6* (M CO 6ft- tp in in i in mop-* m (Min 66- ! $ .72 $ .75 .70 .73 .72 """772 .68 .67 .69 .85 .60 6ft- 66- $ .70 .80 """746 .50 .50 .55 .51 .51 r- i ©inin i i i in i i i in iin-*iniiiiniii €6- i6ft III ill 5 6ft- in 6ft $ .96 .92 .95 .95 .1)5 1.08 .93 .95 .96 1.02 .97 $ .93 $ 1.00 1.01 1.02 .96 .98 1.01 .98 .96 .99 .86 .96 OS 6ft <00©©CO«OC-ieNl->*COrH ©©©©Co©©©©©© ' rH r-i r-i ' 'r-i €6- t~ ©r-COCOt^COOCOC-l-fOS © ©OSOS©©©©©©0000 66- 66- © 6ft £ft 8 66- cocOcjcocVicococoeococo 66- eS CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO M CO 6ft- 66- •* CO €0- coincor^int^-H<rtico© inininmininminminin 60- $ .56 $ .61 .56 .58 .55 .56 .58 .48 .53 .59 .58 .56 $ .56 3 6ft- ' ! i • ! I h !"•!!'! ; a ' o is Z ! ;tJ ! : ! .2 I !o |5 i : .' «sJbi « -2 n^o ! a qJ Q « ;"5 <°m < '^:Sn ft co ogojoa^a ^ ?i"5b!rB l^aWSfl u. »h •rc^o^^ o ^ "S o ^P OQ 642 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII MISCELLANEOUS TABLE, BY COUNTIES Corn husked; average and total yield clover and timothy seed; per cent of apples shipped out; firewood and coal. Districts and Counties Corn Clover Seed Timo •a — n a >>9 ■ ■- >. — T > - z > - - < < Bush Bush- els Bush- els Bush- Per of 61 els of of 45 els of cent Lbs. 60 Lbs. Lbs. 45 Lbs. Northwest— Buena Vista — Cherokee Clay Dickinson Emmet Lyon O'Brien Osceola Palo Alto Plymouth Pocahontas— Sioux For District. North Central- Butler Cerro Gordo.. Floyd Franklin-. Hancock Humboldt Kossuth Mitchell- Winnebago— Worth Wright For District Northeast — Allamakee Black Hawk.. Bremer Buchanan Chickasaw Clayton Delaware Dubuque Fayette Howard Winneshiek— For District 94 3.0 1,290 3.0 120 94 1.7 &40 50 780 77 1.7 510 21 l;65(t a 2.5 330 3.9 1.5*0 76 1.5 210 3.2 130 Hfi 2.4 340 3.2 170 - 1.3 690 3.2 3.26' 77 1.5 510 4.5 3,81) 73 1.5 310 3.0 340 81 1.7 1,090 4.5 900 K 1.4 400 3 2 30 i 94 1.7 450 3.2 180 Si 1.6S 7,000 3.21 13,180 2.1 1.4 1.5 2 6 1.3 1.4 21 1.2 1.4 2.4 550 710 480 1,670 400 100 1,3 0 40 100 780 4.5 5.0 4 3 4.3 6.0 4.3 2.8 Firewood - - Z 5 Value *> o 3 E per Cord es «W - - £ - so Z. a - i = 53 ^ so ■g O a en — M 8 - z Z g c a z a < - - < >- < 02 o Coal as > a Tons Tons 128 128 43 128 of of Per Cu. Cu. Cu. Cu. 2.000 2,000 cent Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Lbs. Lbs. 5,070 1,920 11,540 2,&lu 120 240 51 19,970 690 3,9901 7: 5 c 2$ 2.16$ 5.20 0 3 4 3.17 6.75 0 1 1 3.00 5.00 0 .... 0 2 2 2. 87 6.67 0 6 6 6.33 0 6 7 4.00 616 0 8 7 5.00 0 2 3 2 00 3.50 0 13 8 3.3-1 5.10 0 3 3 2.00 5.00 0 5 5 5.00 1.7 7,000 4. J 47,640' 3 $ 2.45$ 5.84 95 1.6 1.7 2.1 2 1 1.4 1 3 1.1 2 5 1- 1.1 1.5 1.1 3,020 920 300 890 40 7,510 1,4S0 7,140 570 20 110 6.2 4.0 4.5 4. -I 5.6 5 5 7.0 4.5 4.7 4.3 27,710 5,470 910 4. '50 24,53 ■ 18,770 8,&6) 9,560 21.280 39.450 40,740 91 1.67 22,000 5.16 201,730 14 % 4.67$ 6.30 4 2.75 4.75 11 2.44 10 1.67 9 3 3.80 4.75 00 6.90 5.67 6.00 6.80 5.57 6.75 5 *13 9') 3 13.0-1 3 13.16 14.07 15.60 15.28 16 83 14.00 14.(6 10. 37 15.75 4$ 2.82$ 5.43 5 $13.40 0 10 2.75 5.00 6 1160 0 10 10.37 6 2 2 2.00 5-SJ 6 11.53 5 4 4 2.6( 6.15 10 10.4) 14 4 2.5C 5.7. 6 12.18 0 1 1 8 12.25 0 6 4 3.00 7.16 10 14.08 0 4 4 2.50 6.67 7 11.16 2 2 2 2.12 5.50 5 13 08 4 5 5 2.67 5.90 6 11.12 5 4 4 1.83 4.64 8 10. 70 7*11.3: 11 $12.75 6 11.83 4 12 90 7 10-21 5 13.67 5 11.97 6 10.93 7 9.17 12 11.50 6 11.0(3 6 11.16 10$ 3. 37$ 6.15 7 $11.30 IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 643 MISCELLANEOUS TABLE— Continued Districts and Counties Corn Clover Seed Timothy Seed •O -= a — 9 ~ >> -^ > — - ""- < ~ Bush- Bush- els Bush- els Bush- Per of 60 els of of 45 els of cent Lbs. 60 Lbs. Lbs. 45 Lbs. West Central— Audubon 96 88 92 87 84 82 -" 94 89 86 89 82 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.7 26 1,100 70 3,800 5,820 860 4,530 740 57' - . B 0 1,140 6.040 5. 810 40 2.0 3.9 3 0 3.0 4.4 3.9 5. 4. 5.7 3.9 2.5 y,390 140 Carroll Crawford 4,310 1.650 620 Guthrie -_ 27,87' Harrison Ida Monona 610 V 260 3.20-- Shelby Woodbury 5,120 :SO For District Central— Boone Dallas 87 84 81 89 87 83 80 86 85 86 87 89 86 1.7.3 2.0 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.7 2.0 37,000 870 900 540 510 1.570 5.4-0 2.860 1,640 4,840 90 3.170 520 3.89 3.7 5.3 5.6 5-1 5.0 55 57 4.1 5.1 5-5 4.4 4.3 54.730 210 1,160 5.100 1,130 Hardin Jasper Marshall 1,440 4. tOO 16,010 Polk„.r ... 39 j 50,540 Story Tama Webster 510 L8,730 520 For District East Central— Benton Cedar 85 9e; 92 96 92 95 94 92 93 95 99 1.7: 1.6 2.4 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.0 23, OX) 1.910 1,880 300 6.040 1,600 4,730 440 2.430 1.140 2.:so 5. 59 6.8 5.0 4.9 5.3 4.o 5.8 4.1 4.8 5.2 5.7 100, 350 12.130 - "- 3.870 104.0^0 2.o°0 Johnson 12,2M 2. fOO 3.79-0 3.080 Scott . 83 For District— _.! 94 1.75 23,000 5-80 155,060 Southwest— Adair -- — Adams Cass Fremont Mills — Montgomery- Page Pottawattamie Taylor For District,- 87 1.6 1.P70 4.2 19,880 80 1.9 840 5.0 85 2.1 4.750 3.0 5,6 0 69 1.4 1.380 4.4 270 79 2.1 860 5.0 200 86 1.4 1.700 37 640 83 1.8 1.47C 3.7 3 0 77 2.4 7.100 4 5 5.680 76 1.1 900 4.S 11.765 SO 1.66 21,000 4.37 51,690 ♦4 a Firewood Coal Value _ z — ■— •w fl per Cord - z ■x. - z - a - -~ - - - ■j. <- « j?f 5 - to 7 a — z z - _ ■ — e * a _ o a z a --- Z i st £ z > - t — < < - ori z < Tons Tons 128 123 43 128 of of Per Cu. Cu. Cu. Cu. 2.00 2 0 0 1 Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. L:s Lbs. Ci 3 3 3 2.00 4 $13.70 [ c • ■2 1 1.50 - i 9 10.25 .00 1 7.33 5.50 5.62 4.25 2 3.00 7.50 14 3.C« ■ 5 $ 3.50 5 10 4.17 9 2.08 4 2.90 5 2.00 5 2.00 8 3.00 6 2.3S I 7.50 6.75 5 33 5.20 5.00 4.50 4-00 4.25 G.C0 7.33 5.40 4.40 i 1 IS 5.47 9S 2.' : 1.75 3. 12 2.18 2.33 TS3 2.30 2.90 5.58 5.54 3-90 5-60 4.59 B 5.83 5. 5.60 7$ 2.61 S 5. 34 ._. S 533 &$ 2 : 9 2.67 6 3.67 6 3-50 5 2.25 5 2.50 3 3.00 r 4.00 5.00 5.25 3.40 4.62 3.00 4.00 10.71 8.33 6.17 13-33 11.30 18 12.43 12.00 I ' - fii : i - a 12.-1 11.90 8.19 10.11 6.52 8 62 9 04 _ .- 10. 7y 7 513 33 6 10-44 8 8.90 10-75 12. 33 10 33 lu.3 11 21 7 9: 9.21 12 7 r.0.2^ BtlC '" - I 7 ~,.'-i 3 11 'SO • 6 9.15 5 9-58 g 12.3- ! 7$ 2.94$ 4.46 6 510- 00 644 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII MISCELLANEOUS TABLE— Continued Districts and Counties South Central— Appanoose Clarke Decatur 1_ Lucas Madison Marion Monroe Ringgold...:... Union Warren Wayne For District- Southeast— Davis Des Moines Henry Jefferson Keokuk Lee Louisa Mahaska Van Buren Wapello Washington... For District- For State... Corn Clover Seed Timothy Seed Per cent Bush- els of 6C Lbs. 81 2.4 71 1.0 72 1.2 86 1.7 78 1.6 74 1.6 7? 1.5 80 1.2 82 1.6 76 1.5 70 1.5 Bush- Bush- I els Bush- els of of 45 els of 60 Lbs. Lbs. 45 Lbs. 1,380 1,500 620 2,920 3.860 5,680 1,090 950 2,0 0 2,920 2,680 2.5 2.3 1,000 2,450 4,350 3,050 8,160 5,540 6,770 1,220 3,540 5,000 2,800 15,120 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.5 6 2 5.1 5.8 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.8 33,250 36,15; 44,770 30,590 7,020 1,43) 4.6: 0 34,40) 20.000 5,700 80,000 208,00 50,700 3 940 2 95 ) 8,480 6 060 20,. 20 2,3^ 1.430 15,656 3.830 3,610 87 1.67 58,000 4.57 119600 1.7 ,0 0 4.53 1,042,00) -w o O M CV2 '£ CO >> GO Gu Per cent Firewood Value 4-> a per Cord O ■a 'a & 8a CO 60* O 8 > G o be a o < CO O bfl.2 128 Cu. Ft. $ 1.00$ 3.00 2.67 207| 1.87J 2.00, 2.08! 2.82 2.83 3.17[ 2.80 1.69 7. CO 4.44 4.2) 3.75 3.90 4.40 3.80 4.55 4.38 Tons Tons of of 2 000 2,000 Lbs. Lbs. 11$ 2.27$ 4.35 ] 18$ 2.39$ 3.83 9i 1-62! 4.2; 8: 2.00 5.00 81 2.15 4.36 13 3 31 4.88 10 2.50 5.60 5 4.00 5.08 9 2.33 4.00 12 2.70 3.86 6 1.95 3.70 6| 4.62 5.00 10 9$ 2.69$ 4.51 7.5 7.3$ 2.81$ 5.20, IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT 645 AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE OF PRINCIPAL IOWA CROPS From records of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Year a o o a O a> a p. co 53 § a >> CO X 53 en O 03 O P4 >> C3 w a 03 C3 C3 55 1890 27.9 38.0 29.0 35.7 12.0 38.0 39.0 29.0 34.5 36.3 40.3 26.2 34.1 31.2 36.0 37.2 41.1 29.6 28.7 40.0 25.0 24.0 24.0 48.0 26.0 30.0 32.5 34.5 34.7 30.2 31.0 25.9 29.4 33.8 34.0 24.5 25.5 27.4 38.9 25.7 44.4 34.2 34.0 38.6 37.0 46.0 40.5 34.6 26! 0 37.0 11.4 15.0 12.2 12.4 12.8 19.0 13.0 13.4 14.8 12.7 14.3 15.3 13.0 12.6 9.1 14.4 15.0 13.0 15.4 13.6 20.2 13.1 18.7 15.1 13.0 15.9 13.4 18.0 18.2 9.5 11.3 10.3 ,15.0 16.5 20.0 17.0 15.8 16.7 19.0 17.0 13.0 16.5 11.3 13.3 17.6 18.0 16.9 14.3 20.2 23.0 19.8 19.7 20.5 22.3 19.7 24.3 23.1 22.0 21.3 17.5 18,0 19.9 17.4 19.7 19.2 23.0 24.0 29.0 24.3 22.6 18.4 33.0 29.0 25.5 27.7 26.4 25.3 24.2 25.0 24.7 25.0 27.5 26.5 24.6 26.7 21.6 30.5 22.9 32.5 23.8 26.0 30.6 30.7 35.0 31.3 25.5 27.5 23.5 28.4 16.8 20.0 15.5 16.3 15.1 19.0 16.0 15.0 16.0 16.3 15.6 15.8 17.0 15.6 15.0 18.0 17.5 17.0 17.1 16.3 18.8 16.8 20.7 18.3 19.0 18.6 22.8 20.0 18.1 15.9 16.2 16.1 19.0 9.1 10.7 8.0 9.1 8.0 11.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.2 11.2 8.8 8.0 8.7 11.0 9.8 10.7 10.8 11.3 10.0 10.2 8.5 11.3 10.0 11.0 9.5 10.3 11.0 10.1 9.5 10.0 8.7 10.0 48.8 142.0 51.0 59.2 40.7 106.0 87.0 61.6 76.0 98.8 73.0 37.4 87.1 53.8 125.0 84.0 101.0 84.0 89.9 88.0 79.0 70.7 104.0 47.3 87.0 93.0 42.3 109.0 76.1 43.0 110.0 43.0 106.0 1.4 1891 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 •1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 8 7 S 1 5 6 7 5 4 4 8 9 5 8 3 5 8 7 2 8 6 5 4 8 8 3 3 6 44 39 40 1892 1893. 1.4 1894. 1895 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1896 1897 1898 1899... 1900 — 1901 1902. 1903 1904 _. 1905 1906 1907- - 1908 35.9 32.9 39.7 32.9 45.8 34.9 39.0 30.0 35.3 40.0 34.7 41.6 46.0 43.0 45.0 1909 _ 1910 1911 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.27 1.16 1.14 1912 1913 1914 1915- 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920— 1921 _. 1922 _. 3.6 3.6 4.4 3.4 2.8 3.2 2.84 2.97 2.67 Avg. 1890 to 1899 Avg. 1900 to 1909 Avg. 1910 to 1919 Avg. 1913 to 1922 31.9 34.5 37.4 38.9 31.3 30.1 37.4 36.7 13.7 13.4 15.5 14.0 16.3 18.1 20.6 20.1 26.0 25.1 28.9 28.2 16.6 16.5 18.9 18.4 9.7 10.0 10.1 10.0 77.1 82.3 75.1 75.7 1 1 1 1 4S 61 42 49 1.27 1.28 1.23 1.26 "Us 646 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII UNITED STATES CROP SUMMARY, DECEMBER 1, 1922 The December estimates of the Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics of the Acreage, Production, and Value (based on prices paid to farmers on December 1) of the important farm crops of the United States in 1920, 1921, and 1922, based on the reports of the correspondents and agents of the Bureau, are as follows: Crop Acreage Production Farm Value December 1 Per Acre Total Unit Per Unit Total -1920 —1921 -1922 101,699,000 103,740,000 102,428,000 31.5 29.6 28.2 3,208,584,000 3,068,569,000 2,890,712,000 bu. bu. bu. Cents 67.0 42.3 65.7 Dollars $2,150,332,000 1,297,213,000 1,900,287,000 Winter Wheat -1920 —1921 —1922 40,016,000 43,414,000 42,127,000 15.3 13.8 13.9 610,597,000 600,316,000 586,204,000 bu. bu. bu. 148.6 95.1 104.8 907,291,000 571,044,000 614,561,000 Spring Wheat —1920 -1921 -1922 21,127,000 20,282,000 19,103,000 10.5 10.6 14.1 222,430,000 214,589,000 270,007,000 bu. bu. bu. 130.4 85.6 92.4 289,972,000 183,71-0,000 249,578,000 All Wheat —1920 -1921 -1922 61,143,000 63,696,000 61,230,000 13.6 12.8 14.0 833,027,000 814,905,000 856,211,000 bu. bu. bu. 143.7 92.6 100.9 1,197,263.000 754,834,000 864,139,000 Oats -1920 —1921 -1922 42,491,000 45,495.000 40,693,000 35.2 23.7 29.9 1,496,281,000 1,078,341,000 1,215,496,000 bu. bu. bu. 46.0 30.2 39.4 688,311,000 325,954,000 478,548,000 -1920 -1921 -1922 7,600,000 7,414,000 7,390,000 24.9 20.9 25.2 189,332,000 154.946,000 186,110,000 bu. bu. bu. 71.3 41.9 52.5 135,083,000 64,934.00) 97,751,010 Eye -1920 —1921 -1922 4,409,000 4,528,000 6,210,000 13.7 13.6 15.4 60,490,000 61,675,000 95,497,000 bu. bu. bu. 126.8 69.7 76.693,000 43.014,000 66,085,000 Buck wheai -1920 -1921 —1922 701,000 680,000 785,000 18.7 20.9 19.2 13,142.000 14,207,000 15,050,000 bu. bu. bu. 128.3 81.2 88.5 16,863,000 11,540,000 13,312,000 F:ax Seed -1920 -1921 -1922 1,757,000 1,108,000 1,308,000 6.1 7.2 9.4 10,774,000 8,029,000 12,238,000 bu. bu. bu. 176.7 145.1 211.4 19,039,000 11,648,000 25,869,000 Potatoes* -1920 -1921 -1922 3,657,000 3,941,000 4,331,000 110.3 91.8 104.2 403,296,000 361,659,000 451,185,000 bu. bu. bu. 114.5 110.1 58.2 461,778,000 398,362,000 262,608,000 Sweet Potato^ -1920 —1921 —1922 992,000 1,066,000 1,116,000 104.8 92.5 98.1 103,925,000 9S, 654, 000 109,534,000 bu. bu. bu. 113.4 88.1 77.1 117,834,000 86,894,000 84,492,000 Hay, tame —1920 -1921 —1922 58,101,000 58,769,000 61,208,000 1.51 1.40 1.58 87,855,000 82,379,000 96,687,000 tons tons tons $ 17.76 $ 12.11 $ 12.59 1,560,235,000 997,527,000 1,217,044,000 Hay, wild _ __ .. -1920 —1921 -1922 15,787,000 15,632,000 15,842,000 1.11 .98 1.02 17,460,000 15,391,000 16,104,000 tons tons tons $ 11.35 $ 6.63 $ 7.12 198,115.0^0 101,991,000 114,635,000 All Hay —1920 —1921 -1922 73,888,000 74,401,000 77,050,000 1.43 1.31 1.46 105,315,000 97,770,000 112,791,000 tons tons tons $ 16.70 $ 11.25 $ 11.81 1,758 350 00T 1,099,518,000 1,331,679,000 Cotton-- —1920 -1921 —1922 35,878,000 30,509,000 33,742,000 *178.4 &124.5 «141.6 13,439,603 7,953,641 9,964,000 bales bales bales MS. 9 "16.2 l,23.8 933,658,000 643,933,000 1,190,7(>1,000 IOWA WEATHER AND CROP REPORT UNITED STATES CROP SUMMARY— Continued. 647 Crop Cotton Seed- Clover Seed. Sugar Beets Beet Sugar Sorghum Sirup. Beans-C Grain Sorghums'1 Onions'1e Cabbage,,e Apples, total Apples, commercial- - Peaches. Pears. Totals -1920 -1921 -1920 -1921 -1922 -192ic -1922c -1921 c -1922c -1920 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 -1921 -1922 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 -1920 -1921 -1922 Acreage Production Per Acre 1,082,000 889,000 1, 126,000 815,000 537,000 815,000 537,000 536,000 518,000 448,000 847,000 777,000 1,043,000 1.8 1.7 1.7 9 Jo 9.76 Total 2,504 2,574 92.4 88.0 81.5 10.8 11 ."8 11.4 5,971,000 3,531,000 4,424,000 1,944,000 1,538,000 1,875,000 7,782,000 5,243,000 2,040,978,000 1,382,000,000 49,505,000 45,566,0:0 36,532,000 Unit tons tons tons bu. bu. bu. tons tons lbs. lbs. Farm Value December 1 Per Unit Total Cents $ 26.00 $ 29.15 $ 40.18 $ 11.95 $ 10.75 $ 10.08 $ 6 $ 5 gals. 106.9 gals. 62.9 gals. 71.0 5,120,000 26.8 4,635,000 24.6 5,051,000 17.9 57,900 64,200 103,300 134,600 249 279 6.5 8.2 9,185,000 9,150,000 11,893,000 bu. bu. bu. $ 2.95 9 2.67 $ 3.74 137,408,000 113,990,000 90,381,000 bu. bu. bu. 92.9 39.1 87.6 14,406,000 17,940,000 bu. bu. f$ 1.31 f$ 0.92 673,900 1,097,600 tons tons f$ 24.66 '$ 13.03 223,677,000 99,002,000 203,628,000 bu. bu. bu. 114.8 168.0 99.3 33,905,000 bbls. $ 3.74 Dollars 155,246,000 102,929,000 177,756,000 23,227,000 16,529,000 18,905,01,0 49,626,000 29,605,0-0 347,847,300 348, 43". 600 348,969,800 21,557,000 31,090,000 45,620,000 32,602,000 56,705,000 16,805,000 11,297,000 18,661,000 bbls. $ 4.60 bbls. $ 2.94 bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. 210.4 158.7 133.3 165.8 170.6 106.0 52,943,000 28,681,000 25,946,000 27,134,000 24,399,000 44,429,000 127,629,000 44,575,000 79,136,000 18,856,000 16,471,000 16,612,000 14,301,000 256,699,000 166,343,000 202,102,000 126,800,000 99,131,0(0 91,534,000 95,970,000 51,739,000 75,613,000 27,865,000 19,268,000 19,789,000 9,125,620,000 5,729,912,000 7,572,890,000 •Pounds per acre. »>Cents per pound. ^Including beets grown in Canada for United States factories. ''Principal producing states. ^Commercial crop. 'Price for season. eSome crops omitted from body of table. The wheat crop of 1922 is 5 per cent greater than the crop of 1921 instead of 3 per cent as shown in preliminary estimates. The production of 856,000,000 bushels should be compared with the revised estimated ]921 production of 815,000,000 and not with the preliminary estimate of 794,000,000. Like comparisons should be made for other crops. 648 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII WORLD CORN PRODUCTION, 1922. The total area planted to corn during 1922 in 13 countries amounted to 131,893,000 acres compared with 133,613,000 acres for the same countries in 1921 and an average of 133,639,000 acres for the period 1909-13. The corn production for 16 countries this year amounts to 3,455,712,000 bushels, as compared with 3,792,537,000 bushels for the same countries last year, and an average of 3,573,096,000 bushels for the five years 1909-13. Decreases were shown for all countries reporting except Canada, Hungary and Chile. The production of the United States, Canada and Mexico this year is 2,972,077,000 bushels as compared with 3,166,281,000 bushels in 1921 and 2,894,318,000 bushels for the period 1909-13. Six Euro- pean countries produced 273,554,000 bushels in 1922, as compared with 324,- 530,000 bushels last year and 459,494,000 bushels for 1909-13. Five coun- tries in the southern hemisphere produced 195,160,000 bushels this year, as compared with 284,638,000 bushels in 1921 and 210,377,000 bushels for the period 1909-13. Reports are not available for many of the tropical corn producing countries of which Brazil is probably the most important. The Brazilian corn crop for 1920-21 was estimated to be about 186,450,000 bushels. The United States and Argentina supply approximately 80 per cent of the corn entering into the world trade. Argentina frequently exceeds the United States in the quantity of corn exported, but in 1921 shipments from the United States exceeded those from Argentina by 21,000,000 bushels. In 1920, exports from Argentina were 50 per cent more than the prewar average, but in 1921 were slightly less than for the period 1909-13. The United States exported 132,000,000 bushels in 1921 as compared with 45,000,000 bushels during the period 1909-13, an increase of 193 per cent. Exports from Rumania show a decided decrease, amounting to 17,000,000 bushels and 30,000,000 bushels in 1920 and 1921, respectively, as com- pared with the prewar average of 39,000,000 bushels. Imports into the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Belgium show a decrease over the prewar years. In 1921 the United Kingdom took 78,000,000 bushels as compared with 83,000,000 bushels during 1909-13, France 12,000,000 bushels as compared with the prewar average of 19,000,000 bushels; Belgium 19,000,000 bushels as compared with 26,000,000 bushels during the prewar period; and Germany took 16,000,000 bushels or about haTf as much in 1920 as during 1909-13. Imports into Canada and the Scandi- navian countries show an increase over the prewar average. Imports into Denmark were 19,000,000 bushels in 1921 as compared with 11,000,000 bushels during the period 1909-13 or an increase of over 70 per cent. PART IX Farm Statistics for the Year Ending December 31, 1922, Collected by Township Assessors and Tabulated by the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Better work by the assessors as a whole, through closer contact with the central office of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service in Des Moines made it possible to do 60 per cent more work by shifting only 13 per cent more money into miscellaneous clerk hire from other funds. Twenty- three more counties were handled direct from the assessors this year, leaving only 32 counties tabulated voluntarily by county auditors without compensation or authority of law. A few hundred dollars more would complete the direct contact with the assessors, increase the accuracy of the statistics, and expedite their pub- lication. It is expected that the published bulletin containing these sta- tistics will be ready for distribution early in July, nearly 30 days earlier than last year. If all assessors reported direct instead of through county auditors, nearly 30 days more could be saved. Total farms in Iowa in 1922, 213,021, are 1,075 less than last year, but this apparent decrease is due to a new ruling as to listing of township boundary line farms. Heretofore, township boundaries have been rigidly observed, with the result that a farm operated under one management but lying in two townships was reported as two farms, a portion being re- ported by each assessor. This year, as a rule, all land operated under one management was listed as one farm. This agrees with the method used by the government census, which* found 213,439 farms including small areas producing $250 or requiring the continuous services of at least one person. The assessors enumerate only farms of 3 acres or more. The total acres in farms reported by assessors was 33,528,154 which is 109,782 acres more than last year and 53,258 more than the last govern- ment census. This speaks well for the efficiency of the assessors. Some of the increase is no doubt due to the improvement of wild and rough lands. Allowing 547,000 acres for cities, towns and railroad right-of-way, there remains unaccounted for in Iowa 1,705,000 acres. This includes the larger rivers and flood plains along them, wooded areas not in farms, state parks, mines, quarries, lakes, sloughs, and exceedingly rough areas, none of which are within the deeded areas of farms. Corn acreage, 10,364,163, is 139,176 acres larger than in 1921 and next to the largest of record. Oats acreage, 5,874,172, is 464,623 acres less than last year. Some of the more notable increases in acreages in addi- tion to corn are as follows: Winter wheat, 199,971; tame hay, 175,923; barley, 28,909; rye for grain, 16,827; timothy seed, 35,907; and orchards, 9,629. Waste land in farms increased 13,908 acres, due mostly to over- 650 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IX flow along the large boundary rivers. In seasons with no overflow this land is reported in crops or pasture. Hog production has greatly increased. The hog population July 1, 1922, 11,766,526, is the greatest of record and 22 per cent more than the preced- ing year. The number January 1, 1923, was 9,461,637, which is 35 per cent more than on January 1, 1922. Sows bred for spring pigs, 1923, num- bered 2,534,640, which is 11.4 per cent more than in 1922. Cows and heifers kept for milk numbered 1,176,913, which is an increase of 4.8 per cent over last year. Other cattle amounted to 3,117,171, an increase of 8.6 per cent. Increases are shown in poultry, eggs, and sheep shipped in for feeding. Marion county stands out conspicuously as a sheep-feeding county. Horses continued to decrease at about the same rate as in the last five years, while mules show a decided slacking up in the rapid increases of recent years. A slight increase in tractors, trucks, and automobiles is shown; also modern homes. Silos and silage show decreases, though these might be expected to increase with the cows kept for milk. Apples harvested amounted to 2,126,671 bushels, which is the largest crop since 1915; and there was a net increase of 9,629 acres in orchards, which probably marks the beginning of a reaction from the steady decline in orchards during the last 10 years. id I ■a bo ... (DO -S £-* 3 £ S ft to s_ & M 2 If 2 s •S ft 03 3 g g 03 CD 03 5-, T! ."_2 CD _u 0) 0-1 — ■ § S ft 2 of--, o .. o ^ 8?S- eq CD ^ Zj OS be . i-H (D -m O h S_.CC 03 O c8 C -_l O IT -O c3 ^ 5 © ■£ . :_ oj +■» cd £© -s CD 5 +_ fl bO ® s ^ 03 ft 0» © ® "O £ .2 © O ■— . 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CMCMCMCM-HC-JCMCMCMCMCMCM CM 1,239 460 97 119 106 1,619 61 468 472 161 1,015 CO «5* 2,547 103 1,202 4,982 433 4,088 32,123 93 36,268 174 3,470 13,712 CO OS OOOOCPTfCOOOINNtOOO COiO-H-fCMCMt^OCOO-H o o OS CO CM CMCO©COCM«CMCMCO>-i03C» CM (DOOO^tOtDMNMOOO TjioctNostOTjiooooin lOiOUJHOOOOOWO ^H CM* CM* CM* CM* Cm" CM* CM CM* Cm" CO 1,250 4,354 2,483 2,001 3,205 2,094 1,100 1,926 1,118 2,900 1,717 1,897 as 3 ^ CO ^ CO ^ ^ CO ^ CO ^ ^ oooowceoiNoooooioaiio CMCOCOCMCOCOCMCOCMCOCMCM CM co OONOJClfJNOONCOOOO MClXCiiOCO'ONO—Cl © CO CO OOC«JCOiOO:'C1,CO'<00!0 ffliON^iHujiNiHroooeqoi 1 cm NCONCDNNOOCOOl'* COCOU5COCOCOCO'.Ot>- Tji^lC- CCMCOC5005CMC210 '"JlrtNt^OOlOMCOCOOO'ON CM OflOlOOOOOCOrtlOM 010>«OOW00f CllMN WNHOO*NOO"0»"0 t^ «o" CM o" rtownoooooiooio o 2,601 4,869 3,161 4,649 2,893 4,181 3,651 3,218 4,868 2,393 3,637 CO^CRCO-^OOOOt^CTiiOOJCO CJ505CO>OCM011005CO'CHCOCO COCO»O>Ot>-T»StcOCO'^<'^CO 9 47,298 103,602 70,247 103,331 72,335 80,419 91,277 68,469 99,359 61,375 86,609 CM CO OO OO 91,422 141,716 126,583 145,535 144,381 113,296 164,804 101,820 149,999 134,498 131,539 198,896 OO s I 8 05 i a" Hit! §11! a; * i _ o ai-Si £ ^ g-3' 3 c ■ a e3 o J 0.2.5 ^^^ h " °t; s o5 5 o « 5 658 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IX sjaqsnq r^-^oocctfir^oococooioo. looaoioiKO^eTOO) cocncdooocoocno — ■< t~- ■>*< •**> •* io >o — -H<©< OiflffNOO iocot»->*'^cNcococo''*i 9J0B J3d sjaqsng a>©ioooco«ot^ooioco liOINOHOOOXlNlOiHOiO liH 00 CN t^ CO OS CO OOUSOIONOOONMO sjaqsnq C-)«5COt>-tO-rt0,^< co— ~o*o"cdod©*— *t*co— "00 i-i co co — i co c iHOi*N0)C<300t0 — > cm us r*- co *o r— NCq00-l©0)INONO TJ< •* lO -< o c© CM U5 CNO)0> 9job jad sjaqsng — (rfcNCNUSt^COlO'-'lO-*! CNCNCNcNcNCNCNCNCNcNCO< I CM t-4 CM CM CM CN CM S3J0V NMO-HNfcOOOi N lO Tf •* ■"> CO CO O >-l I OWOHrti CO CM UJ !>. rfl < — < ■>* t*icN*»^< iTfNNCOt spqsnq MOUJCDNOOUSO'-iONCO COrHOOt^eOcMTjtCOOOCOCOlO O^'-llOONiOlONO'VCO CM»^COCMCM-^ICMCOC5CO eaoMioNScocoM O'Ooooco^om'Hoi | U5 O OS O CO CT> O ed cm" co •* co" CN CO* iH cm" CO *< >C t- I COCONOC COOOSOXMCMOCOCNtJI CO O* CO* cm" CO t^~ oo" tCl~-." -h* CfcTjdO^CO^COCOcNCO spqsnq OiOOOOOOOlOOlOOl" rfcoo-^oiotcr-miooco OCOONOtiTjiCCCO-CNOO > cr> co cn co co co oo r-- -TJ105 tOCOlONtONCO^lOCOCOCO MSCSO^OONOO WO^CINMIOO-Jtco r-lO'ONNCOCO'Hrtio •^ cd id co «d oo" id t)" tjT oo" ^<^HTtit--.^HcM00»O-^.CNlO to id «d ■<*" cd **" co «o co* co 8J0E J9d sjaqsng CM IO rtO)" CO CN OC6 I 00 03 ' OCOI .CNiOOOiO-^-^Oi^ lCN-«J<-*0^-"'fCNlO N CM IO ■* Tf N N » O CO — T CO* CN* Oi* 00* CN* OJ* 05* CN* Tj<* >>3 .1**1 i"3 . 1 be :§*3gia|s*i|sl-S s ;mQCWW^Sft(Sc»EHEs= fe *j CD o^3 g txj *; Q IOWA FARM STATISTICS 659 111,505 22,140 184,437 6,110 12,272 23,220 12,958 293,031 8,478 3 •^<" CO 224 2,233 1,800 1,176 32,451 9,800 2,128 2,079 19,082 16,275 672 o CM OS OO 812 7,245 3,328 2,938 7,539 4,316 2,236 7,006 2.943 CO CM -*< CO co" CM US 1 05NNCOtOr»MNN CMCMCMCMCMCMCOCMCM r~ ooasooooiusooN-aiusao CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCOCM 00 MUSCOCOiHCOCO-HNiHrt CMCOCMCMCMCMCMCOCMCMCO CM CO co' CM 3,845 820 6,831 235 472 860 418 10,853 314 oo s •<* CM OONO(Na)'N!ONOOil5'* t^cn-cf^ost^t^iococM -h eo co ■* OO CM o CO CSN.00MO1COCOCOC--CCN CMOCM.-HIOCDOOC-JOCM-* CM^-^CO^ CM « »-l 3 US o o © CO 1,264 476 3,472 1,232 6,084 1,740 1,092 15,616 112 OO 00 o CO CM CM CO 684 315 1,968 15.568 2,561 504 306 5,740 60 00 CM o oo CM 432 864 25 46p 5,385 2,200 1,334 6,289 O CO 3 CO r* 1 CO CON-^COCMCMCMC©-"* ■^ ^ CMiOCO-*COT*(OOTt<0 CO OO 00 lO O "O CN CO Ol rtrttNINiHCCIINrt US-* o eo O3ccoot^r^tf5*-Hc©ao r^CM-«"t^O^H rt T}1 CM CM O cm" ^00»-tC0 01O00H CM -* CNiOOUJCO eo—i eo OOl CO CM CO M eo oo to us ■^COiO^fOCOOOOCM r- -HOOlOO!^ NC4 00NOOONOCO t-. 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US tv" t-~" US* CO 2 US -m" O CO CO CO 1,573,880 974,168 1,561,350 371,924 599,974 716,480 737,055 1,683,540 1,097,390 CO US CO a>" 503,160 881,388 784,566 631,596 1,153,390 1,232,980 431,810 1,091,574 1,065,489 1,134,000 967,680 CO s oo OS 569,096 877, 104 1,198,710 834,570 1,604,436 693,840 975,513 1,755,980 557,496 678, 176 1,818.160 © CO CO o> CO CO © ■rf 00 CM us-^usoo-hcmcoous CO CO CO CM CO CO CO CO CO CO eo OOCOClOOiOiOOSMt^cON CMCOCMCMCOCOCMCOCOCOeO 8 cncoooooous-HoooiCMO CMcocoeoeoco-^cocMcoTt" IQ CO eo OOCMOCO^-OiOOO-^ CD lO « QO «3 31 CO « "5 03COCOCMCOCOCO'-"CO CO o CO oo CM orafN-ccccwNOo nocoli us cm — . t^ ci o -r OTPCOaiNOOONiOtN us oo" o CM 19,624 24,364 31,545 27,819 42,222 19,824 23,793 46,210 19,224 21,193 45,454 CI CI CO CM "*i00^fCOO5CMCNICO~« •^•CMT^rt-HCMCMUSCO N^MNOifltCOOO'HO '-ICMCMCMCOCO'-ICOCMCOCO i5* 00 us" 4,468,590 3,196,935 5,150,436 5,884,472 5,012,208 3,803,393 5,191,680 9,100,935 4,292,557 CO O CM O CO 2,113,356 2,446,313 3,006,990 2,463,270 4,190,431 4,314,976 2,013,840 3,641,774 3,123,291 3,857,284 2,980,029 US US us ■"CP CO 2,441,082 3,210,600 3,619,287 2,813,888 4,661,595 2,778,400 3,365,000 5,268,192 2,418,636 2,621,300 4,760,724 s oo" US a> r- cc eo ■<*< US S us CO CMiocoT^oocoaoiOf^ us CMCOCMr~CiN-USCOt-~COCO 9 (OOCl^lOCOOOO'Jl'j'N. - o us 106,395 71,043 111,966 133,738 104,421 88,451 108, 160 202,243 91,331 OO "# o 50,318 56,891 71,595 52,410 85,519 91,808 44,752 79,169 66,453 83,854 69,303 CM o CM {2 53,067 64,212 73,863 63,952 103,591 60,400 67,300 109,754 64,969 59,575 101,292 US r- OS CO eo co CO CO o Es u l_S_H » S— o M*i >*> \-o~a a £;£« 3 a n Tl q.^2 2 8 "PC a mo t >, J S" S ^ s « o 3 3 s s S.»2 >>£ 5 (80) t)M « g o * 9 CO C3 2££ 660 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IX ►J H • OH < • o m e-« m > o <* _*t._i?,:._.>:_. i ^ < ^ ■ . 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CM CO rf ci to io -c* — — 35 co co ci co ~r COCO — NlOOTftXNt^r)"* ■*eoeN"#'*J• — !>.— CO 53,499 50,115 40,018 46,396 44,807 67,497 46,902 48,391 64,270 43,661 68,531 OO © "3 46,416 27,031 46,113 69,811 33 ,454 46,588 43,220 39,594 39,317 49,657 55,835 64,597 CO co CO_ CO «5 36,512 41,197 50,432 39 ,579 47,647 60,240 52 ,254 33 ,601 54,091 38,221 67 ,464 35,873 ■A r^ cm r~ cm o cm co cm co o — i 35053500 — — L.O CM 00 35 35 OOiOCOOOCOt—»- — cot^oo CM R •«J-0 CO -r C©35©-*t*' — — — ©t^CM cS COCO — CMCMCOCMCMCOCMCO COOO^COiCOC-JWO'HNiH CO — CO"OCMCOCOCOCO-«*<"*"0 iO — O0O0- CM 25,318 19,951 33,109 51,057 20,905 25,992 30,206 32,690 28,974 32,972 38,769 43,913 CO 3 s CO CO — © 35 35 CO "-O r^ 35 © — >o 00 — © — CO CO CO C) CO — CO — 00©iO©35t^ — ■* — "-OO035 ■a C) r— iocs- scooo^in^o — CM — CM <— i CO CM CM CM — CO OcOtOOOt-OONNOOOCl CM CM CM CM CM CO CM CO CM CO CM CM CO CO 53,941 98,449 67,885 92,849 60,133 84,345 94,500 63,671 90,344 49,500 88 ,528 *<* CO 92,665 72 ,430 97,678 162 ,005 74 ,966 105,062 112,561 123,688 115,724 111,666 130,905 155,866 CO CM_ m to CO 81 ,023 105,917 84,991 103 ,575 98,806 164,660 11 9. ,990 69,018 140,728 88,242 131,733 76,132 o OO s oo >o co o ia ci — o co — — Nl>i- iiOtOOCOCCMO OO © co CM_ 111,228 93 ,892 136,610 215,780 96,998 123 ,502 136,633 149,844 127,246 147,339 170,504 189,018 **< C5 "3 OO 35 r^coco>.o©©eocMcooco — OO CM CO OC ■ i-o CO — CI ■."? CO uo CO r^ic-«i< — © 35 co t^ oo©— < — •o CM COiO»C35— — lOCMCMCOCM OO — MOOOOMNNN'* co co © © cm 35 co © r — 1< — oo O5CMO:iCOCMI^CO00iO©l>-33 C-l CO CO -# — CM ■* iO CO CO CO i-O © oo i ~ © co co © o co -*j> os — CM i— i CO CM ■<>< CM CO — — 35 CM OO CM 559 991 872 1,188 958 1,185 2,237 921 1,885 1,022 1,187 1 ,598 co 1,038 1,401 325 677 680 1,436 771 1,280 1,262 876 592 606 3J ©* CO-*t*Oi>-CO00t^cO35COO5 — — — © © oo Tt< co I" — co — cm r~»- os»- OS ■*iOifS00rJ<- CMCOC-1 — tO Cslrt- — — CM — — — — CM 1 0505 — CM — CM OS if5 •*!< CO CO CO — — «— CMCM — — — — CM — CM CM t"-CO00a>— 35©Tf3500l>->0 COCM— — CM CM -<*< — CO CM CM © © BO 35if5C©-*l — 00 lO — OO -c* t~- — CM © CO CO © i-O OO 35 © — 35->*o©©co — i0505l>-COCOCO — ©»-CO© IS OS— 35 — ©iOCM©"*f<35-t< ©CMCMiococMco©eicocor~ CM — ©CO— "5CO — COCMiOuO CO 1C I in II iJltilill B 2 S5 * -a •" o o*" - o.2J= £ & E. . -II o — ' OO t^ I ©tO — OO©^© — •"»< C<1 CO ©_ t-- «C 000'«*<© lOON'JIO-'iflO'* OO iTjHTfOtOOMTli © )^HNINiOr- ito © ST- 00 CO CM i 8261 I "a«f (S33B JjB) aj^Bo p?)ox •>* co to toi oo o» oo "* eo «5a < ©co — — — i © © to co — f M O >* ■* OO 3) N -f c-1 to © to © ** ;0 •>*« — 8261 'I "iref ^|nn joj ^dajf }0ii a^jBO jaqjQ INI^OOCC-HOJOOON-f -c*0ffl'-ic>00 3 003 OKUOKJ- " r^© © co © co co >* © to co ^c © CO "* © I- CO • 8261 I 'nef 3[[ira joj ^d3J[ SJ3JI3q puB SM0J to — _ CM_ CM to — ©_ tO_ I — 1-101 — — CMCM- 8261 " I 'OBf •o^ p3}0} 'srspBf -*MNON-HiOi p3)0} 'SUOIJIBJg O O* 35 CO *"• CO ^ 1 CO «— » CM 00 ©-^©©©lOtOtO^t-^ ©t^OCOOOOltOCMto© (DlM^NONOiOOOO ■^fOOOOCOCO- ©to© COCO©00-#00CO©tO 00 CO CO — t^.— tO CM CM CO — ©CO *-H © CO 00 OO © 1 ^T3T3 c4 £B« Cj O CJ O 0OC}-HCOOC03iCO»S< ' n C-J O lO Tl< ^ 0O M N 3 NOP5O)»00rtrtU5*iO O>'*00ffl0-"0'H'-C3!D lONCOO^M-HiOOOON OOt^OO-^t-OOCOOOSOSOO OOT)«OOrtX'J't<5'*tDN MlflOfflOON^NMINO 00«5t-!O00Wt>.M«atD OSNNOOlOi^ONXN mcc'O'-iMt^oooiot^os •*OOr:NrHMO'JON OO'HOOO'HMOOinNNM 00>— i CO 35 CO CO ■— lOOCOOi SrtH«HM035 CDNUJO)OC<5tOCOW-i(N 00CO"3U0O0r~CO0O«O- -H-*f00C200<^T*<00r^lO3i C^ICO-'S'O'C^COr^'.OOiCOiM iNWNrtH©0»001 00 O0 OS OS CO OS t*" CO 00 t^ CO ilil , ft a 8 1 ft— Sj O B So ai.2 o 2 tafi b £ a S-o'E a sp o c >, § c3 c3 O a-g c3 ea j I 1 Sfc|| 6S2 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IX TABLE NO. 6 Comparative table showing number of swine lost by cholera in Iowa in 1922, 1921, 1920, 1919, 1918, 1917, 1916, 1915 and 1913, by counties. Districts and Counties CO — 2* a; a> c o "P-S to . o J2 * d o to 0,2 "°2 c o to >>2 c o co e o '£« co Jj co £2 Jg >22 ^2 o £2 it 120,556,682 1916 268,581,571 1917 360,490,624 1918 390,579,552 1919 473,234,256 1920 221,620,564 1921 132,030,629 1922 251,594,317 Average for 27 years 9,066,332 36.8 335,356,420 .48 165,327,420 686 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 03 Cfi S|3qsnq 'jBsqM J8d 3tqi3A raaBj 38BJ3AV CO CO o OCHO © 00 c io oo > os os : CM rt , r^ CO CO — p31 N N K •* 'f OliO'Xl M — — O OS l^-JOW^H f>- t-~ *— « OWNNN OS © >— > © CO 1CS1N CO © •-« © CO CO 00 ©00 ~ os ■<* t— no ©■>* O0 CO ' OS —I I CO co< © Tf< CM Os >-< io io co r- oo OS CO rt os © CO IO OS © -* ■♦qo OS iO CM iO 00 I ~h cONi^NiO io©r^ Os -f CO IO CO Tj< CO IO CO • t-~ CO CO CO CO > t^ iO "O CO §s ocQcq r^ co co © t*< CO © © © iO © © © IO IO — l •«*< t— t^ ■**! OO © CO io ■** os__©_©_ t^©_co_©_©_ -H-H00O00 U5 IN iO N CO inNcoco-i co io co >-h io MCOrtlMO CX)»-*qiN CO^CO -* rt-H^ ©—I© IO © Tfl © -H IO © ©iO COCO t^CO CO'-H CO CO © OS CO CM N » CO ■* d © O0 I-- CO OS OS CM -^ —I CO 00 Tt< liO-f-fliO •— i CO OS © © iOi>.H "* o ■>* •«CH c© 00 *-« •— I (NMCOMN. Ttit^-*!©© Mrtto CO OS 00 CO OS t^ © r^ IO ■* i © t-h (CO CO rf 'O I© ©©< I 00 OS OS OS . CROP STATISTICS 6S7 f-i 03 02 ft O u a C CG V. ^3 ■*-> cd > 03 CD > f-. O tn 03 o> 03 03 03 o o 03 o -t-> 03 |j 02 »— •— < t-~ CO CM «(3NNO t^OS^H-^00 "CO'^H >HO*N id -*< f~ o CM co S3 s O-HincCO ■** 00 CO CM -* (OK5(DNO O m LO N C) t^ OS CO CM lO !OM(3U)0 CM •* CO CO ■*K5 0S(N OS t^ O0 OS CO 00 •— i CO CM CO O O O CM O0 ->f oo >o CO ^h rt -OO00O CDNM«j« cm <— i t}< oo ot^coNm t- CO CO "0 — 1 CO — < OS © CO 00 O0 CM CM OS 00 M O O) O <* CO >— CO O0 © •*f -tj< co ■— i co cMosr^co© CO — « OS lO OCO O CO OxCOStC NONNO NMCOlOCO OS © OS CO s O CO CO CO lO ■* W ■* »Jl O) OS O0 O0 t^ !>• 0)»"OC!0 OSlO f^ "5 OO CO 00 OS 2 OS 1 1 »-H >-( »-H 1-1 *"' O OS CM OS lO OS CM —c 00 OS CO OS ■>* CO OS CONNOO •WNNiOO! CO Tt< t- OS CM — os© co CM CO — CO •<*< CM O0 -* CN CO CJ_ CO © >o OsCOOOCMr- CCOhNN ON050C3 OS -^ — i t^ CM WNINNm 00O-I-".'} i-HOO CM •* •* t^- CM — < CM IC 00 00 1 COCOCOlC-^ COCNCNCO© lO« K3MOCOO OOOCMCMCO CM © COCO o (MO-"*iO COCOCMOSt^ OS-H©^< NOWhO CO •<*< -* «5 -«tl OSCO-ft^-OS rt lO M M f t^-H-*COCO lOOtOOO OO ~ l« *# © OS 00 CO OO CD t^OO -o co iO ■o >-- T3 r. kionojco osoocm-*o oicnooN os ■<*< t-~ co *-< COCOU3COCN CM rt rt rt CO OS CO t^. CD CD1- OS00"5OS© 00 <-H © t~- •o OS P. ■4-1 c U 1 i-Ht-iCN a CJ CJ bfl C4 i COU5— 00 s © CO CO»^<*a CO00COCM-* Tfimoo CO iO 00 CM co os © co "S COCOCOi-cCN CO O Tf CM "3 <*MO>W CM>OOSOCM COlfltOON OS 00 CM CO 00 '1 a o OOOOt^COCO rtCOKS^N HHHNM CM »-< <-H »^ -H CO OS OS CO i-l rt « CM O OS 00 00 CO CO *-* O 00 OS N^iOCO'H OlOC-lC-.N OSOCOOSCO NONOO 00 © CM CO 00 © CO © «0 CM0OO0 co CN a M-i 00 OS lO O *-c t-H CO -^ "2 CO »C CM i— I CO ■>*i CM CO CO COiflNN 00 -Ct< ^ CO CO bC CNOSCOOSCO OSlO-HCOCO COt^OOO OiOTfMW N-H»MO MOOOiO HrtNN CO 00 CO CO 2 00 CO CMCOt^t^CM NiflCOlOCS ©•>#osooo rtno>H« lOlOOOOOOO OS t>- -Cf CO OS ■^ iO 'H © CO OS iO CO t»< tn ia t~- a a s c a c a o a a c .2 o a i CO 3 3 £ 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914* 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 5 CO 5 ^ 688 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X OATS Statistics compiled from reports of Secretary of Iowa Agricultural Society Year Acreage Average yield per acre Total yield bushels Average farm value per bushel December 1st Total value 1880 1,179,680 2,207,320 2,758,715 35.0 32.5 29.0 42 ,288 ,800 71,737,900 80,002,735 $ .23 .21 .38 $ 9,496,424 1885 15,064,959 1890 . . 30,401,039 Statistics compiled from reports of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1896 2 ,825 ,000 4,405,782 4,299,243 4,069,557 3,991,690 3,799,220 2,997,031 3,822,882 4,018,980 4,332,522 4,166,800 4,536,170 4,431,650 26.0 30.0 32.5 34.5 34.7 30.2 31.0 25.9 29.4 33.8 34.0 24.5 25.5 73,450,000 132,571,000 139,915,340 140,647,309 138,832,330 114,883,530 92,907,960 99,012,660 118,435,570 146,439,240 142,036,580 111,190,400 112,830,490 .12 .16 .21 .19 .20 .35 .24 .30 .26 .25 .27 .39 .43 8,814,000 1897... 21,211,384 1898 29,383,220 1899 26,722,989 1900 27,766,466 1901 40,209,235 1902 1903 1904 22,297,900 29,703,798 30,793,284 1905 36,609,810 1906 38,349,878 1907 43,364,256 1908... 48,517,110 Statistics of township assessors; values by Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 Average for 27 years 4,312,134 4,697,749 4,730,687 4,874,752 5,205,978 5,285,440 4,985,014 5,199,269 5,410,031 5,822,869 5,565,630 5,833,474 6,338,795 5,874,172 4,660,464 27.0 36.0 25.8 42.6 35.4 33.7 37.9 36.5 42.1 39.4 34.7 39.1 26.0 37.1 32.8 117,083,850 169,207,098 122,474,893 207,819,162 184,500,993 178,330,591 188,720,529 189,876,501 227,743,960 229,233,036 193,342,151 227,849,078 164,647,697 217,840,669 154,882,319 .34 40,979,347 45,685,916 50,214,706 56,111,174 62,730,338 73,115,542 60,390,569 93 ,039 ,485 138,923,816 146,709,143 123,738,977 82,025,668 37,868,970 74 ,065 ,827 55,160,844 CROP STATISTICS 689 BARLEY Statistics compiled from reports of Secretary of Iowa Agricultural Society Year Acreage Average yield per acre Total yield bushels Average farm value per bushel December 1st Total value 1880 200 ,000 212,485 152,682 23.0 27.0 24.0 4,600,000 5,737,095 3,664,368 $ .42 .33 .47 $ 1 ,932 ,000 1885 1,893,241 1890 1,722,254 Statistics compiled from reports of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1896 547,642 551,867 509 ,589 557,598 501,740 604,610 594,070 493,108 493,370 565,700 558,870 397,210 397,408 29.0 25.5 27.7 26.4 25.3 24.2 25.0 24.7 25.0 27.5 26.5 24.6 26.7 15,881,618 14,076,856 14,138,011 14,719,311 12,695,200 14,654,410 15,380,940 12,179,790 12,317,710 15,566,770 14,858,830 9,893,330 10,629,660 .20 .23 .30 .30 .33 .44 .33 .37 .34 .33 .36 .60 .50 3,176,324 1897 3,237,677 1898 4,241,433 1899 4,415,579 1900 4,189,416 1901 6,447,940 1902 1903 5,075,710 4,506,522 1904 4,188,021 1905 1906., 5,137,034 5,349,178 1907 5,935,998 1908 5,314,830 Statistics of township assessors; values by Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1909 562,622 324,571 313,472 389,410 458,743 300,062 202 ,823 265 ,048 305 ,429 537,975 234,779 175,691 132,091 161 ,000 18.4 25.9 19.5 28.5 20.8 24.9 31.4 28.2 34.6 28.4 24.5 27.4 23.7 28.6 10,352,040 8,614,541 6,106,239 11,100,558 9,550,482 7,463,395 6,359,171 7,467,049 10,578,090 15,278,490 5,749,847 4,809,798 3,130,486 4,603,591 .46 .56 .90 .50 .53 .56 .51 .90 1.15 .89 1.11 .63 .42 .52 4,761,938 1910 4,824,143 1911 5,495,615 1912 5,550,279 1913 1914 5,061,755 4.179,501 1915... 3,243,177 1916 6,720,344 1917 12,164,804 1918... 13,597,856 1919 6,382,330 1920 . . 3,030,173 1921... 1,314,804 1922 2,393,867 412,463 26.0 10,672,452 $ .53 $ 5,182,822 44 690 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X RYE Statistics compiled from reports of Secretary of Iowa Agricultural Society Year Acreage Average yield per acre Total yield bushels Average farm value per bushel December 1st Total value 1880 41,000 114,000 100,560 14.0 15.0 16.0 574 ,000 1,710,000 1,608,960 $ .38 .42 .51 $ 218,120 1885 1890 718,200 820,570 Statistics compiled from reports of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 121,670 226,198 210,309 126,236 103,680 54,390 51,931 123,273 99,590 71 ,305 62,530 52 ,450 50,893 16.0 15. 0" 16.0 16.3 15.6 15.8 17.0 15.6 15.0 18.0 17.5 17.0 17.1 1,946,720 3,490,344 3,370,550 2,061,169 1,621,630 859,630 882 ,830 1 ,923 ,060 1,517,090 1 ,283 ,500 1,093,160 900 ,060 869,072 25 486,680 34 1,186,716 38 1,280,809 40 824 ,467 43 697,300 48 412,622 40 353,132 44 846,146 .54 819,228 52 667,420 48 524,717 til 549 ,036 03 547,515 Statistics of township assessors; values by Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 Average for 27 years 41 ,606 29,502 44,157 73,315 74,599 71,979 62,365 36,886 48 ,404 69,395 86,901 39 ,268 38 ,483 55,310 78,764 13.4 13.8 15.1 18.0 15.8 16.0 16.1 16.2 19.7 15.7 556,846 407 ,058 668,443 1,322,382 1,179,307 1,025,201 886,473 461 ,2,10 706,594 860,393 1,388,761 631,370 622,738 1,088,436 1,245,334 $ .61 .79 .61 .59 .77 .77 1.15 1.58 1.48 1.33 1.17 .73 .71 .70 334,108 248,305 528,070 806,653 695,791 789,405 682,584 530,392 1,116,419 1,273,382 1,847,052 738,703 454,599 772,790 741,261 CROP STATISTICS 691 POTATOES Statistics compiled from reports of Secretary of Iowa Agricultural Society Year Acreage Average yield per acre Total yield bushels Average farm value per bushel December 1st Total value 1880 107 ,000 157,000 170,048 95.0 82.0 49.0 10,165,000 12,874,000 8,332,352 $ .35 .40 .81 $ 3,557,750 1885 5,149,600 1890 6,749,205 Statistics compiled from reports of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1896 170,285 163,248 164,456 154,243 149,680 136,300 138 ,484 113,433 113,250 111,335 115,310 117,350 118,517 87.0 61.6 76.0 98.8 73.0 37.4 87.1 53.8 125.0 84.0 101.0 84.0 89.9 14,814,795 10,051,919 12,538,411 15,252,934 10,850,900 5,098,460 12,051,670 6,082,694 14,255,680 9,352,190 11,697,500 9,847,430 10,658,290 .21 .45 .31 .24 .40 .90 .34 .75 .28 .50 .48 .62 .59 3,111,106 1897 4,523,363 1898 3,886,907 1899 3,660,704 1900 4,340,360 1901 4,588,614 1902 4,097,567 1903 4,562,020 1904 . 3,991,590 1905 4,676,095 1906 5,614,800 1907 6,105,406 1908 6,288,391 Statistics of township assessors; values by Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1909 138,139 132,640 117,943 120,035 112,314 85,931 99,636 88,691 100,246 96,656 78,381 65,560 76,252 69,443 90.0 75.3 77.0 93.9 52.2 98.4 82.5 46.6 85.4 73.3 43.2 111.9 43.0 104.9 12,427,595 9,986,881 9,125,747 11,277,537 5,865,140 8,453,843 8,218,471 4,132,494 8,561,511 7,082,480 3,387,090 7,333,437 3 ,282 ,453 7,286,840 .53 .48 .71 .44 .85 .58 .53 1.75 1.32 1.32 1.94 1.22 1.40 .62 6,586,625 1910 4,793,703 1911 6,479,280 1912 4,962,116 1913 1914 4,985,369 4,903,229 1915 1916 1917 • 4,355,790 7,231,865 11,301,195 1918 1919 1920 1921 9,348,874 6,570,954 8,946,793 4,595,434 1922 4,517,841 116,584 79.1 9,221,274 .73 5,519,481 692 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X FLAX Statistics compiled from reports of Secretary of Iowa Agricultural Society Year Acreage Average yield per acre Total yield bushels Average farm value per bushel December 1st Tota value 1880 103 ,420 10.0 1,034,200 $ 1.00 .94 1.10 $ 1,034,200 1885* 2 ,563 ,293 1890 283,722 10.5 2,929,081 3,221,989 Statistics compiled from reports of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1896 199,128 249,882 225,014 142,175 108,850 104,140 94,767 40,823 51 ,370 17,732 19,160 42,790 40,833 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.2 11.2 8.8 8.0 8.7 11.0 9.8 10.7 10.8 11.3 1,891,716 2,498,600 2,376,604 1,597,979 1,222,980 916,890 755 ,350 355,160 591,140 173,770 205 ,280 461 ,960 461 ,580 .60 .87 .80 1.04 1.50 1.29 1.00 .78 1.15 .90 .97 .98 1.01 1,135,029 1897 . . 2,173,782 1898... 1,901,283 1899 1 ,661 ,898 1900 1 ,834 ,470 1901 1,182,788 1902 . . 755 ,350 1903 277,024 1904 679,811 1905 . 156,393 1906 199,122 1907 452,721 1908 466,195 Statistics of township assessors; values by Iowa Weather and Crop Service 1909 17,365 19,821 39,334 24,121 15,462 15,545 6,486 7,658 8,384 14,973 11 ,372 10,951 8,237 5,723 10.0 8.6 4.6 9.9 7.9 7.4 6.9 8.5 9.9 8.2 9.4 10.5 8.8 10.0 173,650 170,387 178,717 238,442 121,869 114,540 44,743 65,196 82,734 123,077 107,068 114,844 72,775 59,795 1.29 2.28 2.00 1.31 1.36 1.21 1.57 2.06 2.87 3.26 3.90 1.80 1.53 2.07 224 ,009 1910.. 388,482 1911 1912 357,434 312,359 1913 165,742 1914 138,593 1915 70,247 1916 1917 134,304 237,447 1918 401,231 1919 417,565 1920 206,749 1921... 111,346 1922 123,776 Average for 27 years 57,114 9.3 562,105 1.53 598,709 *No other data CROP STATISTICS (593 : |S • -o . . TJ1 ■ -00 '• • «& gno; 'ivy 11* pptA" i^ox+ W Q •;8x aaqra903Q 'no; aad gn^A HLTBJ 93BJ3AV suo; 'ppiX i*;ox SUO; '9JDT5 aad ppiA- 93BJ8AV w ■;st J9qtn999Q uo; J9d gnjBA OIJBJ 9SBJ9AV : '.to suo; «pptj£ [b;ox '. "m ' -co Sno; '9J0B J9d ppiA" 93BJ9AV i io A"Bq jp3 9SB8J0V-J. i 1 1>. I !co Year 30 00O 00 00 p O"floor^"0 oeNJOOm ooo; INfflrt t— CS>iOCO ^HCO-<*iOO ffl®0< »COCOMIN loaein IO0O0 i-H iO oo co co •«« O00OO Tfl O CM t^ CO-ti O CN Hr-lNrtIN OINNOO CO O -t< CC Doanco x t c a ^ o ?. j: t C— CO ^*< CO t» OS CO -*1 "5 t— ONNO fl«HOU5^ lUJCDinN (COM o o o o o 00>0 00 co r~- in cr> o cousofjo CO CO CO ■*' »0 0'0'*li* ooooo oooo 5 rt « il o G O Tfi S5 — I C5SXM o ,-h tji »-i o t— oo co »o co tomow ifi»13O0ff5 OOWiHi-iff) ON>Offl M M t O O O G ~ C^ ~H iHNiflrt n001 rtgtoaN N 00*0 ^*CO-H05t-» CO CO GO 00 so t— •<*< C^.,*J.,*1> cococococo eo-*»o-*noo COCOON 8SS558S; §§s¥§ 22g£S co"co"eo"co"co" cococoeo^ •*•*■*-* W .3 .2 694 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X Aeq ijb OS •* 00 CB CM OOifliiN CM 00© US i-h 00 OS CM-*-* IONNCO-H eo~*-HTj os.^-* Noa CM GO ■<*< o o> US* CM *". •^< OlDMf O NOCONP5 CD CM 00 CD 00 ■f — ■*»< © — I i-cO CM i-i CM ooos US US CM OS^<© iftHNCJOO T* ■*# eo •*< •** •^c tjh CO CO OS rf< — ico r-- •>* us IF PI9!* I«loxJ. Tt< ■<*< US CM OS CN US t^O CO CO ■*!< OS US ■<* t^ t^ 00 OS O0 USO0 USCO -H i-i co co 00 US CM cm usr~- CO i«< a> CM CM_ us" OOONU5S) CONftNO CO CO O CM S3 CM OS 00 -f -H OS CO t^ •^1 US 00 t~- CO — 1 ■<** "5*MCCO T ■<# US o t CD Ul ft O u O < Q •jsj J9qni909Q 'uo; jad giq^A OIJBJ 33BJ9AV US 00 COO CO t^CM ■>*< 00 CM C3SONX00 ^ CS05©00 •<*i O0l~-0 ■* l> t^ T* CO CO OS f~o co -*< us CM t^OO Ol US suo; 'ppiiC i^o j, 807,280 • 662,866 836,735 794,142 767,089 588,918 645,709 598,177 511,711 663,152 O CO o -00 CO us CN35N -H US CO i-h rt 00 CO US -* CD s oo" U 800^ '9J0B J3d PJ91A- 33BJ3AV _i © -I ~i fi -* CM l-ll-l CO CO** CO « rt CM O >> w < Eh •isj J3qni908(i 'uo; J8d 9npeA OIJBJ 9SBJ9AV 9.75 13.44 9.89 9.93 10.78 8.94 9.00 18.82 19.57 18.37 'J'CCO CO CSS O o CO d suo? 'ppiiC p3}oj, 876,844 544 ,088 138,940 568,590 932,650 673,655 324,165 209,412 010,684 534,032 i-c O CO OC1N ©_US__OS_ 00OO us **• CM_ ?H CD CO CM COCO CO ^< ^ CO CO ^* >#•«*< ■<*< SOOJ '9JDB J9d pptA 93BJ9AV pH 00 CM CM CM -4 © r-i ~h *-i •* ■«*< CM >H t~» OOS •*»< CO 'Cf "*. 03 o CO to -co ^h —i as r^us -h oo co O0 US CO CO. US C5 00ONM CM CM CO OS t^. ■* CMCM-^ us CM CO CO NOON00 CD f OS 00 CO CM Cl!<3 CD o» -h CM CO CM CO CO O 00 00 CM 00 t^ CM -h CM co oo ■* US CM O0 CO 'CK US •($1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 1 ,C a P •*-> to Ul rj I t— CM 3 CO 1 1 2 fl ^5 ° ~ 22 M "* us co' t^ oo' OS © — < CM CM CM CM CROP STATISTICS 695 ALFALFA Statistics secured by the Census Year Acres Average yield per acre, tons Total yield, tons Average farm value per ton December 1st Total value 2,298 10,351 2.72 2.49 6,252 25,724 1905 % 4.17 $ 107,144 Statistics of township assessors ; values by Iowa Weath er and Crop Service 23 ,041 24,132 30,323 46,644 79,769 132,298 152,873 142,753 115,170 120,099 157,679 180,381 187,345 191,551 2.86 2.72 2.33 2.27 2.37 2.08 2.41 2.78 2.22 2.03 3.22 3.01 2.93 2.61 65,806 65,629 70,640 105,936 188,941 275,437 367,913 396,323 255,487 244,374 507,247 543,827 549,726 500,083 1910 ' *8.49 557,190 1914 12.50 11.18 11.71 23.40 23.93 23.09 19.23 12.92 14.80 3,442,962 1915 4,113,267 1916 4,640,942 1917 5,978,396 1918 5,847,870 1919 11,712,333 1920 10,457,793 1921 7,102,460 1922 7,401,228 Average for 16 years 99,794 2.56 260,584 15.04 5,578,326 ♦Government Census. 696 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X STATISTICS OF CROPS, 1922 COMPILED IN THE U. S. BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS CORN. Table 1. — Corn: Acreage, production, and total -farm value, by States, 1920-1922. State Thousands of acres 1020 1921 19221 Production (thousands of bushels) 1920 1921 19221 Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1920 1921 Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts . Rhode Island . . Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi .... Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. . . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States 24 81 64 14 74 767 236 1,556 173 650 1.884 600 2,428 1,830 4,393 750 3,965 4,834 9,079 1,706 2,067 3,288 10,300 6,646 569 3,650 7,560 5,007 3,334 2,820 2,330 184 50 1,182 276 29 24 1 45 62 69 139 30 24 81 65 14 74 798 241 1,589 185 645 1,904 592 2,552 2,022 1,703 2,110 3,820 10,250 6,096 620 3,926 7,419 4,358 3,209 3,516 4,042 3,172 1,796 6,227 3,077 2,640 190 56 1,102 290 35 21 1 47 64 66 116 24 82 65 14 77 798 236 1,573 185 635 1,904 604 2,526 2,062 4,385 750 3,823 4,765 8,819 1,720 2,209 3,979 10,123 6,150 680 3,861 7,296 5.09S 3,145 3,280 3,638 2,918 1,706 5,729 3,200 2,350 219 65 1,145 182 39 32 1 52 67 69 116 1,305 1,080 3,807 2,560 560 2,960 30,680 10,384 70,020 6,488 25,025 56,520 20,400 54,630 34,770 65,895 10,125 172,081 195,777 314,133 66,534 89,294 123,300 473,800 212,672 13,656 109,500 255,528 132,686 101,687 56,410 44,320 30,125 142,662 78,960 54,522 2,226 1,200 24,231 5,989 638 526 32 1,620 2,232 2,139 4,587 1,500 1,272 4,455 3,120 644 3,848 36,708 11,327 76,272 6,845 25,155 47,600 20,128 49,254 32,352 69,975 11,032 155,185 169,848 305,966 66,417 97,482 156,620 430,500 182.8S0 17,360 125,632 207,732 96,748 82,150 90,713 58,609 57,096 35,022 156,920 76,925 58,080 3,800 1,232 15,979 6,380 1,015 517 1,645 2,560 1,980 4,060 1,312 1,032 3,444 2,600 560 3,465 28,329 9,912 69,212 5,439 25,400 53,312 20,536 50,520 29,899 52,620 10,500 149,097 176,305 313,074 60,716 98,300 131,307 455,535 175,275 18,700 110,038 182,400 98,391 88,060 75,440 50,932 51 ,065 29,002 114,580 57,600 45,825 5,475 1,560 18,320 2,475 1,170 781 21 1,976 2,747 2,277 4,176 1,670 1,566 4,797 3,200 1,008 4,144 35,589 8,826 70,020 4,866 20,270 56,520 23,664 61,732 40,333 69,190 10,125 117,015 115,508 185,338 54,558 68,756 62 ,883 222,686 136,110 45,990 104,766 58,382 83,383 85,528 55,282 45,206 25,606 119,836 42,638 52,886 1,781 672 16,962 6,588 1,085 789 51 1,620 2,790 2,781 5,504 1,155 954 3,386 2 ,402 708 3,463 24,594 6,003 41,950 3,080 12,326 32,844 15,096 38,418 23,940 37,087 5,847 63,626 62,844 116,267 31,880 44,842 48,552 129,150 73,152 5,902 32,664 56,088 29,992 45,182 47,171 36,338 31,974 22,764 84,737 24,616 33,106 2,546 616 4,953 5,742 1,015 393 35 822 2,202 1,663 3,126 101,699 103,740 102,428 3,208,584 2,890,712 2,150,332 1,297,213 •Preliminary estimate. CROP STATISTICS 697 CORN — Continued. Table 2. — Corn: Area and production in undermentioned countries. Area Production Country Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 19221 Average, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 19221 Northern Hemisphere north america 1,000 acres 309 104.22P 11,554 1,000 acres 292 101 ,699 1,000 acres 103,850 1,000^ acres" 299 103,234 1,000 bushels 17,297 2,712,364 164,657 1,000 bushels 14,335 3,208,584 1,000 bushels 14,904 3,080,372 3 71 ,005 4,344 1,000 bushels 14,909 United States2 2,896,108 3 61 ,060 553 310 468 4,062 Total North American 104,538 « 1,155 1,134 101,991 829 1,168 734 3,710 6 102 376 2,017 4,486 104,147 814 1,178 750 2,729,661 4 22,229 26,548 15,000 100,349 113 4 14,536 3,222,919 15,267 27,692 11,721 89,298 280 2,122 9,648 50,156 101,136 3,095,276 10,393 24.897 EUROPE : Spain 2 Italy 2 3,931 3 4 761 '* 6,038 3,717 5 112 385 2,167 4,646 3,707 4 395 1,716 4,787 92 ,325 217 2,456 9,432 30,800 73,788 70,863 Switzerland 2 185 8,996 4 168,081 31 ,494 57,400 Serbia, Croatia-Slavonia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina 2. . Greece 2 «3,059 6 273 4 1 ,544 4 5,143 4 62,112 5 5,952 4 28,219 4 100,620 519 1,407 7,595 108 494 1,418 8,510 132 "i',552 8,411 9,133 20,851 174,553 1,082 7,874 24,172 103 ,228 2,266 Bulgaria 2 19,802 93,810 Poland Russia, including Ukraine 4 3,923 4 70,222 Total European coun- tries marked 2 23,041 22,215 309 22 25 1,938 23,446.. 375 24 50 2,086 528,759 500,136 379,582 282,550— AFRICA 3,436 254 110 71 ,939 3,726 354 315 67,165 34 43 1,857 19 461 228 64,220 276 Tunis 2 Total African countries 1,934 1,985 2,160 64,909 72,303 67,834 ASIA 6.34C 13C 156 99S 6,620 150 6,164 87,240 3,637 2,236 7,446 98,840 3,947 78,840 Japanese Empire: 1 ,327 1,344 15,690 16,734 14,64.) Total Asiatic countries marked 2 7,335 7,947 7,508 94,686 114,530 95,574 Total Northern Hemis- 136,84! » 134,13? 137,261 3,418,015 3,909,888 3,638,266 1 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 1, 1922. 2 Indicates countries reporting for all periods except 1922 either as listed or as part of 6ome other country. 8 Commercial source, quoting official statistics. 4 Old boundaries. 5 1 year only . 698 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X CORN — Continued. Table 2. — Corn: Area and 'production in undermentioned countries — Continued Area Production Country Aver- age, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921- 22i Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 1 Southern Hemi- sphere Chile 2 1,000 acres 56 551 8,128 32,171 1,000 acres 62 495 8,184 4,003 173 4,784 265 9 1,000 acres 63 494 8,090 3,493 186 4,884 284 12 1,000 acres 60 "7,344 i90 3,693 "'lO 1,000 bushels 1,390 6,027 174,502 s 32,588 « 1 ,404 1,000 busheis 1,446 2,784 258,686 44,808 4,002 61,251 6,764 406 1,000 bushels 1,685 4,722 230,423 * 47,669 4,360 1,000 bushels 2,030 Uruguay 2 Argentina 2 156,056 Union of South Africa 2 Southern Rhodesia ♦34,136 2,455 Java and Madura Australia 2 352 10 10,264 493 7,259 501 New Zealand 2 483 Total Southern Hemisphere countries marked 2 11,268 13,018 12,436 225,264 314,894 292,259 World total, all countries markpd 2 148,113 147,156 149,697 3,643,279 4,224,782 3,930,525 Total, all countries reporting 163,876 153,967 155,584 3,900,435 4,314,283 4,016,226 1 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 1, 1922. 2 Indicates countries reporting for all periods except 1922 either as listed or as part of some other country. 3 3-year average. 4 Commercial source, quoting official statistics. 5 1 year only. Table 3. — Corn: World production so far as reported, 1895-1921. Year Production Year Production Year Production Year Production Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels 1895 2,834,750,000 1902 3,187,311,000 1909 3,563,226,000 1916 3,309,818,000 1896 2,964,435,000 1903 3,066,506,000 1910 4,031,630,000 1917 3,540,863,000 1897 2,587,206,000 1904 3,109,252,000 1911 3,481,007,000 1918 .... 3,129,473,000 1898 2,682,619,000 1905 3,461,181,000 1912 4,371,888,000 1919 3,649,815,000 1899 2,724,100,000 1906 3,963,645,000 1913 3,587,429,000 1920 4,314,283,000 1900 2,792,561,000 1907 3,420,321,000 1914 3,777,913,000 1921 4,016,226,000 1901 2,366,883,000 1908 3,606,931,000 1915 4,231,780,000 Table 4. -Corn: Average yield per acre in undermentioned countries, 1890-1922. Year United States Russia (Euro- pean) » Italy Austria Hungary (proper) France Argen- tina Average: 1890-1899 Bushels 24.5 25.8 26.2 28.9 31.5 29.7 28.1 Bushels 13.6 13.9 2 16.7 Bushels 15.3 21.4 24.7 Bushels 19.5 18.9 21.0 Bushels 23.0 22.2 3 28.0 Bushels 19.1 18.9 17.8 Bushels 1900-1909 26.6 1910-1919 19.2 1919 23.1 24.1 24.8 19.1 20.3 20.8 21.9 15.9 18.4 12.8 24.5 1920 24.9 14.2 18.4 31.6 1921 28.5 1922 21.2 1 Excludes Poland. 2 7-year average. 3 6-year average. CROP STATISTICS 699 CORN— Continued. Table 5. — Corn: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1922. Note. — Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the De- partment of Agriculture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated percentage of increase or decrease to the published acreage of the preceding year, except that a revised base is used for applying percentage estimates whenever new census data are available. Acreages have been revised for years 1890-1908. so as to be consistent with the following as well as the preceding census acreage, and total production and farm values are adjusted accordingly. Acre- age Aver- age yield per acre Produc- tion Aver- age farm price per bushe Dec. 1 Farm value Dec. 1, Chicago cash price per bushel, contract * Domestic exports, including corn meal, fiscal year beginning Julyl Imports during fiscal year beginning Julyl Per cent of crop ex- ported Year De b Low cem- er Hgh Foil ing ] Low ow- Vlay Hgh 1849 1,000 acres Bush. 1,000 bushels 692,071 888,798 969 ,948 1,564,992 1,769,616 2,503,484 2,144,553 2,261,119 2,454,628 2,505,148 1,613,528 2,619,499 2,346,897 2,528,662 2,748,949 2,897,662 2,512,065 2,544,957 2,572,336 2,886,260 2,531,488 3,124,746 2,446,988 2,672,804 2,994,793 2,566,927 3,065,233 2,502,665 2,811,302 3 ,208 ,584 3,068,569 2,890,712 Cta. 1,000 dollars Cts. Cts. Cts . Cts. Bushels 7,632,860 4,248,991 24,242,396 69,091,110 59,293,085 178,817,417 212,055,543 177,255,046 213,123,412 181,405,473 28,028,688 76,639,261 58,222,061 90,293,483 119,893,833 86,368,228 55,063,860 37,665,040 38,128,498 65,614,522 41,797,291 50,780,143 10,725,819 50,668,303 39,896,928 66,753,294 49,073,263 23,018,822 16,728,746 70,905,781 179,514,442 Bushels P. «*.- n.l 2.5 4.4 3.4 M 7.1 9.9 7.8 8.7 7.2 1.7 2.9 2.5 3.6 4.4 3.0 2.2 1.5 1 5 1859 . 49,190 66,076 33 ,334 11 ,445 6,284 3,417 4,171 2,480 5,169 18,278 40,919 16,633 15,443 10,127 10,818 20,312 258,065 1866-1875... 1876-1885... 1886-1895... 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 11/09 37,216 61,671 74,274 86 ,560 88,127 88,304 94,914 95,042 94,636 95,517 90,661 93 ,340 93,573 93.643 94,971 95,603 98 ,888 104,035 105,825 107,083 105,820 103,435 106,197 105,296 116,730 104,467 97.17C 101.69S 103.74C 102, 42* 26.1 25.4 23.8 28.9 24.3 25.6 25.9 26.4 17.0 27.4 25.9 27.1 29.4 30.9 26.5 26.6 26.1 27.7 23.9 29.2 23.1 25.8 28.2 24.4 26.3 24.0 28.9 31.5 29.6 28.2 46.9 39.5 36.7 21.3 26.0 28.4 29.9 35.1 60.1 40.1 42.1 43.7 40.8 39 3 50.9 60.0 58.6 48.0 61.8 48.7 69.1 64.4 57.5 88.9 127.9 136.5 134.5 67.0 42.3 65.7 454,535 617,780 648,785 532,884 558,309 642,747 734,916 878,243 969,285 1,049,791 987,882 1,105,690 1,120,513 1,138,053 1,277,607 1,527,679 1,507,185 1,384,817 1,565,258 1,520,454 1,692,092 1,722,070 1,722,680 2,280,729 3,920,228 3,416,240 3,780,597 2,150,332 1,297,213 1,900,287 46 42 38 22* 25 33| 30 35* 43| 41 43* 42 40 57* 56f 62* 45* 68 47* 64 62* 69* 88 160 135 142 70* 46J Go* 55 48 43 23f 27* 38 31* 40* 67* 57* 43| 49 50* 46 61* 62* 66 50 70 54 73* 68* 75 96 190 155 160 86 51* 68* 50 44 40 23 32| 32* 36 42| 59* 44 47* 48 47* 49* 671 72* 56 52* 76* 55* 67 50* 69 152 150 160* 189 59 59* 59 49 51 25* 37 34f 40* 58* 64f 46 50 64* 50 56 82 76 63 55* 82* 60 72* 56 78* 174 170 185 217 66 65 1910 2 2 3 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Ial7 Iyl8 1919 1920 2 ... 1921 1922 3 ... 53,425 903 ,062 12,367,369 9,897,939 5,208,497 2,267,299 3,196,420 3,311,211 10,229,249 5,743,384 124,591 1.7 1.6 .4 1.9 1.3 2.6 1.6 .9 .6 2.2 5.9 » No. 2 to Acreage adjusted to census basis. ' Preliminary estimate. '00 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X CORN— Continued. Table 6. — Corn: Yield per acre, price per bushel December 1, and value per acre, by States. Yield per acre (bushels) Farm price per bushel (cents1 Value per State (dollars) » d cj ci CM ci o * lO <£> ^ 00 o >H CM ei*^ CM S.O! CM CM VO cm CM >>=» CM "5 OS Oa Oa Oa oa o^ Oa Oa oa OS OS 02 OS oa OS 100 »o Oa Maine 47.2 45.0 55.0 45.0 50.0 41.0 127 87 88 85 119 228 167 195 128 77 72.57 41.00 N. Hampshire. . 46.5 45.0 46.5 45.0 53.0 43.0 119 81 82 76 115 217 150 170 145 75 75 67.67 32.25 Vermont 45.7 38.0 46.5 47.0 55.0 42.0 121 81 81 84 110 213 170 175 126 76 91 68.57 38.22 Massachusetts. . 46.5 52.0 52.3 40.0 48.0 40.0 122 85 85 80 120 215 170 172 125 77 94 72.41 37.60 Rhode Island 43.0 44.0 45.0 40.0 46.0 40.0 145 99 98 100 138 236 180 186 180 110 120 76.92 48.00 Connecticut . . 47.4 50.0 50.0 40.0 52.0 45.0 127 85 89 85 120 215 171 180 140 90 96 77.16 43.20 New York 40.1 36.0 43.0 40.0 46.0 35.5 116 81 83 78 110 198 175 166 116 67 83 54.60 29.46 New Jersey .... 42.8 41.0 40.0 44.0 47.0 42.0 101 75 76 75 100 170 150 153 85 53 70 51.28 29.40 Pennsylvania 44.8 40.0 47.0 45.0 48.0 44.0 99 72 73 70 97 153 155 147 100 55 72 52.43 31.68 Delaware 33.0 31.0 30.0 37.5 37.0 29.4 88 59 62 62 89 140 136 145 75 45 70 35.61 2Q.58 Maryland 38.7 35.0 41.0 38.5 39.0 40.0 90 65 68 61 89 140 135 140 81 49 68 41.91 27.20 Virginia 27.8 28.0 28.0 30.0 25.0 28.0 105 76 81 71 93 153 160 169 100 69 79 36.14 22.12 West Virginia. 33.4 31.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 113 80 83 74 101 170 180 164 116 75 84 45.50 28.56 North Carolina. 20.4 21.0 19.0 22.5 19.3 20.0 117 88 86 77 110 170 177 185 113 78 89 29.36 17.80 South Carolina. 16.5 17.0 16.0 19.0 16.0 14.5 125 97 92 87 113 192 195 197 116 74 87 27.01 12.62 Georgia 14.3 15.0 14.5 15.0 15.0 12.0 108 91 85 78 100 160 165 160 105 53 86 19.45 10.32 Florida 14.5 16.0 15.0 13.5 14.0 14.0 97 82 80 73 90 140 138 140 100 53 70 17.00 9.80 Ohio 40.5 36.0 43.0 43.4 41.0 39.0 83 63 61 56 90 136 130 121 68 41 66 39.37 25.74 Indiana 36.7 33.0 37.0 40.5 36.0 37.0 77 60 58 51 84 125 119 125 59 37 56 33.55 20.72 Illinois 35.1 35.5 36.0 34.6 34.0 35.5 78 63 61 54 84 110 120 130 59 38 60 32.91 21.30 Michigan 36.1 30.0 37.0 39.0 39.0 35.3 35.98 23.65 Wisconsin 43.8 40.2 45.0 43.2 46.2 44.5 89 60 65 68 92 163 130 125 77 46 63 39.78 28.04 Minnesota 38.3 40.0 40.0 37.5 41.0 33.0 73 53 52 62 80 110 111 120 51 31 56 31.45 18.48 Iowa 42.1 36.0 41.6 46.0 42.0 45.0 73 60 55 51 80 108 122 120 47 30 56 33.60 25.20 Missouri 27.5 20.0 27.0 32 0 30.0 28.5 86 74 68 57 90 114 143 .138 64 40 68 27.65 19.38 North Dakota . . 26.3 19.0 33.0 24.0 28.0 27.5 84 52 58 67 84 151 130 140 72 34 50 22.26 13.75 South Dakota. . 30.6 34.0 28.5 30.0 32.0 28.5 70 56 50 49 77 120 110 119 42 26 50 25.17 14.25 Nebraska 26.1 17.7 26.2 33.8 28.0 25.0 74 65 53 47 78 120 128 122 41 27 58 21.69 14.50 Kansas 18.1 7.1 15.2 26.5 22.2 19.3 83 78 63 51 90 125 149 140 44 31 61 13.33 11.77 Kentucky 26.8 26.0 24.0 30.5 25.6 28.0 91 76 64 56 87 121 146 155 82 55 69 30.47 19.32 Tennessee 24.4 24.0 21.4 28.0 25.8 23.0 94 77 68 58 94 120 145 157 87 52 79 28.20 18.17 Alabama 14.7 14.6 14.5 15.7 14.5 14.0 102 89 80 69 102 125 148 159 98 62 90 17.81 12.60 Mississippi . . . 16.7 17.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 17.5 100 77 73 65 98 138 151 160 102 56 85 20.87 14.88 Louisiana 17.8 16.0 17.5 19.2 19.5 17.0 100 77 75 64 94 146 161 150 85 65 83 21.46 14.11 Texas 22.2 10.0 30.0 26.0 25.2 20.0 100 82 74 58 104 167 176 118 84 54 83 21.36 16.60 Oklahoma 20.5 7.5 24.0 28.0 25.0 18.0 87 72 64 46 93 147 164 127 54 32 70 15.68 12.60 Arkansas 19.2 13.0 18.0 23.4 22.0 19.5 104 78 80 64 98 140 180 164 97 57 85 24.35 16.58 Montana 16.4 21.0 4.0 12.1 20.0 25.0 99 77 76 69 93 175 135 165 80 67 53 15.98 13.25 Wyoming 22.2 25.0 16.0 24.0 22.0 24.0 95 80 '70 67 90 175 140 165 56 50 60 24.17 14.40 Colorado 16.7 17.5 15.0 20.5 14.5 16.0 85 73 60 55 90 125 135 142 70 31 66 17.75 10.56 New Mexico. . . 20.8 25.0 21.6 21.7 22.0 13.6 114 75 80 73 113 188 180 151 110 90 82 31.78 11.15 Arizona 27.6 28.0 29.0 22.0 29.0 30.0 147 • 110 120 115 140 190 210 200 170 100 115 46.90 34.50 Utah 23.6 28.0 19.2 21.9 24.6 24.4 115 70 75 80 115 170 181 150 150 76 85 34.71 20.74 Nevada 28.2 32.0 26.9 32.0 29.1 21.1 133 118 110 93 125 150 210 140 160 120 105 47.20 22.16 Idaho 36.2 40.0 32.0 36.0 35.0 38.0 104 68 72 65 100 155 183 165 100 50 79 45.51 30.02 Washington . . . 38.2 38.0 36.0 36.0 40.0 41.0 116 80 73 77 100 162 170 185 125 86 105 54.11 43.05 Oregon 30.3 31.0 26.5 31.0 30.0 33.0 109 70 82 82 95 150 155 155 130 84 91 39.93 30.03 California 34.2 28.4 35.0 24.0 32.0 28.9 33.0 31.5 35.0 29.6 36.0 28.2 124 85.4 88 69.1 87 64.4 88 57.5 124 88.9 185 193 179 120 67.0 77 42.3 100 65.7 50.12 36.00 United States 127.9 136.5 134.5 27.77 18.55 Based upon farm price December 1. CROP STATISTICS 701 CORN — Continued. Table 7. — Corn: Production and distribution in the United States, 1891-1922,. Year Old stock on farms Nov. 1 Corn Total supplies Stock on farms Mar. 1 following Shipped out of county where grown Quantity Quality Proportion merchantable 1897-1901 . . . 1902-1906 . . . 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1 1,000 bushels 166,809 91,662 129,786 69,251 77,403 113,919 123 ,824 64,764 137,972 80,046 96,009 87,908 34,448 114,678 69,835 139,083 285,769 177,287 1,000 bushels 2,195,795 2,628,334 2,512,065 2,544,957 2,572,336 2,886,260 2,531,488 3,124,746 2,446,988 2,672,804 2,994,793 2,566,927 3,065,233 2,502,665 2,811,302 3,208,584 3,068,569 2,890,712 Per cent 83.3 88.1 82.8 86.9 84.2 87.2 80.6 85.5 82.2 85.1 . 77.2 83.8 75.2 85.6 89.1 89.6 84.0 85.0 Per cent 85.6 82.2 77.2 88.2 82.7 86.4 80.1 85.0 80.1 84.5 71.1 83.9 60.0 82.4 87.1 86.9 87.5 88.3 1,000 bushels 2,005,697 2,170,417 1,939,877 2,244,571 2,126,965 2,492,763 2,027,922 2,654,907 1 ,961 ,058 2,259,755 2,127,965 2,154,487 1,837,728 2,062,041 2,448,204 2,789,720 2,684,634 2,553,290 1,000 bushels 2,362,604 2,719,996 2,641,851 2,614,208 2,649,739 3,000,179 2,655,312 3,189,510 2,584,960 2,752,850 3,090,802 2,654,835 3,099,681 2,617,343 2,881,137 3,347,667 3,353,338 3,067,999 1,000 bushels 823,739 1,045,965 931 ,503 999,235 980 ,848 1,165,378 884,059 1,290,642 866,352 910,894 1,116,559 782,303 1 ,253 ,290 855,269 1,045,575 1,564,832 1,305,559 1,087,412 1,000 bushels 424,894 596,400 470,046 565,510 620,057 661 ,777 517,766 680,831 422 ,059 498,285 560,824 450,589 678,027 362 ,589 470,328 705,481 587 ,893 515,236 1 Preliminary estimate. Table 8. — Corn: Monthly and yearly average price 'per bushel of reported sales, No. 3 yellow, 1899-1900 to 1921-22. Crop year Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Weight- ed aver- age 1899-1900 1900-1901 1901-2 $0.31 .37 .60 .53 .44 .48 .45 .43 .59 .63 $0.30 .35 .64 .46 .44 .43 .42 .42 .58 .59 $0.30 .36 .62 .43 .43 .42 .42 .41 .53 .64 $0.32 .37 .59 .43 .46 .44 .42 .43 .54 .65 $0.36 .39 .59 .41 .46 .47 .40 .43 .63 .66 $0.39 .42 .62 .41 .49 .48 .42 .44 .65 .69 $0.38 .43 .62 .46 .49 .50 .47 .52 .73 .73 $0.40 .42 .63 .49 .50 .55 .49 .53 .72 .75 $0.41 .48 .65 .51 .49 .57 .52 .54 .76 .72 $0.40 .56 .60 .53 .52 .54 .54 .57 .81 .70 $0.40 .56 .59 .51 .53 .53 .47 .64 .80 .69 $0.42 .56 .60 .45 .55 .53 .46 .65 .77 .59 $0.36 .43 .62 1902-3 .47 1903-4 .49 1904-5 .48 1905-6 .44 1906-7 .50 1907-8 .68 1908-9 .65 Av., 1899-1908.. .48 .46 .46 .47 .48 .50 .53 .55 .57 .58 .57 .60 .51 1909-10 .59 .49 .68 .52 .72 .59 .45 .61 .46 .66 .64 .45 .62 .46 .62 .63 .45 .64 .48 .62 .61 .45 .68 .49 .64 .57 .50 .78 .55 .67 .60 .54 .79 .57 .70 .59 .55 .75 .60 .72 .62 .63 .68 .62 .71 .64 .65 .79 .74 .82 .58 .67 .74 .75 .79 .50 .73 .65 .70 .73 .59 1910-11 .53 1911-12 .71 1912-13 .53 1913-14 .70 Av., 1909-1913.. .60. .55 .64 .69 .92 1.77 1.45 1.47 .74 .56 .71 .74 .98 1.77 1.43 1.51 .65 .56 .74 .74 1.00 1.81 1.27 1.46 .63 .57 .72 .73 1.09 1.70 1.53 1.58 .62 .61 .75 .76 1.40 1.65 1.62 1.69 .57 .64 .77 .75 1.59 1.60 1.74 2.02 .60 .64 .74 .74 1.70 1.62 1.78 1.89 .63 .65 .73 .71 .66 .61 1914-15 .67 .63 .98 2.21 1.33 1.46 .77 .78 .81 1.99 1.70 1.92 1.58 .60 .81 .85 2.06 1.72 1.95 1.58 .56 .74 .86 2.10 1.58 1.55 1.31 .53 .65 .96 2.03 1.41 1.41 .91 .45 .70 1915-16 .79 1916-17 1.11 1917-18 1.63 1918-19 1919-20 1.62 1.59 1920-21 .62 Av., 1914-1920. . 1.15 1.10 1.11 1.09 1.14 1.21 1.30 1.30 1.34 1.35 1.24 1.12 .69 1.15 1921-22 .47 .47 .48 .55 .57 .58 .62 .61 .64 .62 .64 .55 Compiled from Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. 702 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X CORN— Continued. Table 9. — Corn: Farm price, cents per bushel, on 1st of each month, 1908-1922. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aver- age l 1908 54.0 60.7 62.3 48.2 62.2 48.9 69.6 66.2 62.1 90.0 134.8 144.7 140.4 66.7 43.4 56.0 61.4 65.2 49.0 64.6 50.6 68.3 72.8 66.7 95.8 138.8 138.1 146.8 62.4 45.8 58.1 64.7 65.9 48.9 66.6 52.2 69.1 75.1 68.2 100.9 154.3 137.2 148.5 '64.5 54.8 61.2 67.5 65.5 49.7 71.1 53.7 70.7 75.1 70.3 113.4 153.6 149.6 158.6 63.0 56.9 64.7 71.9 63.5 51.8 79.4 56.8 72.1 77.7 72.3 150.6 155.7 162.6 169.6 59.5 59.7 73.7 76.3 65.2 55.1 82.5 60.6 75.0 77.9 74.1 160.1 152.5 171.2 185.2 62.5 61.6 75.7 77.0 66.2 60.0 81.1 63.2 75.5 77.7 75.4 164.6 153.7 176.5 185.6 62.2 62.2 78.1 76.5 75 2 ' 71 n 72.3 67.1 61.1 65.7 70.2 75.3 78.2 70.5 82.3 175.1 159.5 153.9 121.3 51.0 61.6 63.5 62.2 52.6 64.7 58.4 70.7 70.6 61.9 85.0 146.0 140.3 133.4 87.3 41.1 62.9 60.6 57.9 48.0 61.8 48.7 69.1 64.4 57.5 88.9 127.9 136.5 134.5 67.0 42.3 65.7 63.4 65.9 62.1 55.3 67.6 59.4 71.4 71.2 73.8 129.2 147.3 151.5 140 4 1909 1910 67.2 65.8 79.3 65.4 76.8 78.9 79.4 196.6 159.7 191.2 163.7 61.7 64.4 66.3 65.9 77.6 75.4 81.5 77.3 83.6 175.5 165.7 185.4 155.7 56.2 62.7 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 58.6 56.1 1922 Average, 1913-1922 86.7 88.6 92.5 96.5 103.7 108.1 109.7 113.8 111.9 102.9 90.9 90.2 102.6 Weighted average. Table 10. — Corn: Monthly marketings by farmers, 1917-1922. Year Estimated amount sold monthly by farmers of United States (millions of bushels). July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Sea- son 1917-18 34 27 20 35 28 26 28 25 36 42 22 35 21 45 49 • 24 27 25 35 39 56 30 40 46 38 78 49 66 74 71 91 61 57 93 80 103 30 42 76 72 88 31 38 58 43 45 34 26 36 27 36 33 33 55 44 37 25 4Z 61 43 640 1918-19 410 1919-20 1920-21 650 1921-22 576 Average 29 31 34 30 42 68 76 65 52 34 40 43 544 Per cen t of year's sales 1917-18 5.3 6.7 4.5 5.4 4.9 4.0 6.8 5.6 5.6 7.3 3.4 8.4 4.9 6.9 8.6 3.8 6.7 5.6 5.3 6.7 8.8 7.3 9.2 7.1 6.6 12.2 12.1 15.0 11.3 12.4 14.2 15.0 12.9 14.3 13.8 16.1 7.2 9.5 11.7 12.4 13.7 7.5 8.7 8.9 7.5 7.1 8.2 5.9 5.6 4.7 5.6 8.0 7.6 8.5 7.6 5.8 6.1 10.6 9.4 7.5 100.0 100 0 1918-ly 1919-20 100 0 1920-21 100.0 100.0 1921-22 Average 5.4 5.9 6.4 5.6 7.8 12.6 14.0 11.4 9.2 6.3 7.5 7.9 100.0 CROP STATISTICS 703 CORN — Continued. Table 11. — Corn: Monthly and yearly receipts and shipments, 11 primary markets, 1909-10 to 1921-22.1 Year Chi- cago Mil- wau- kee Min- neap- olis Du- luth St. Louis To- ledo De- troit Kan- sas City Peoria 'Oma- " ha In- dian- apolis Total 1909-10: 1,000 bush. 88 ,428 66,011 113,808 92,652 108,431 73,940 131,792 94,311 84,838 57,528 1,000 bush. 6,535 5,893 7,895 7,625 9,410 6,506 11,613 7,887 15,804 10,727 1,000 bush. 6,564 5,047 8,948 5,370 5,423 3,264 6,258 4,374 10,710 8,776 1,000 bush. 883 943 1,697 1,697 12 12 492 492 878 362 1,000 bush. 22,913 16,383 23,766 15,422 25,176 15,492 22,762 12 ,257 16,961 10,119 1,000 bush. 4,001 1,840 6,236 3,290 4,121 2,037 2,996 1,885 4,560 2,314 1,000 bush. 2 Ml 1,412 3,860 1,930 2,857 1,888 2,757 1,615 2,835 1,636 1,000 bush. 15,102 12,873 16,026 13,395 19,646 14,971 16,992 10,614 27,494 19,192 1,000 bush. 15,387 11,009 16,477 11,141 19,041 14,292 17,923 11,202 14,723 6,651 1,000 bush. (2) (2) (2) (2) 20,817 15 ,404 22,618 17,732 37,108 33,040 1,000 bush. (2) (2) m (2) 13,687 1,947 15,974 3,637 14,118 5,183 1,000 bush. 162,280 121,411 1910-11: 198,713 152,522 1911-12: 228,621 149,753 1912-13: 252,177 166,006 1913-14: 230,029 155,528 Average. 1909-1913: 105 ,459 75,688 10,251 7,728 7,581 5,366 792 701 22,314 13,935 4,383 2,273 2,957 1,696 19,052 14,209 16,710 10,859 214,364 149,044 1914-15: Receipts Shipments 1915-16: Receipts Shipments 1916-17: Receipts Shipments 1917-18: Receipts Shipments 1918-19: Receipts Shipments 1919-20: Receipts Shipments 1920-21: Receipts Shipments 116,348 80,256 101,325 62,148 78,723 40,497 98,786 34,540 61 ,366 32,019 87,641 37,236 167.241 113,374 19,609 16,985 9,887 6,943 12,755 8,681 12,374 7,006 6,784 3,697 14,652 7,079 27,455 21 ,823 14,699 11,997 5,661 3,927 9,550 7,779 16,715 9,636 6,621 4,773 9,192 6,384 12,066 8,483 3,036 3,036 (2) (2) 32 6 177 170 6 (2) 5 (2) 4,834 3,777 18,626 10,206 17 ,974 8,678 21,312 13,191 25,354 16,130 19,219 11,956 27,595 15,975 25,924 17,044 4,582 2,594 4,656 1,422 2,882 1,190 2,609 1,160 1,127 549 2,122 1,298 3,194 1,349 4,058 3,021 4,726 3,139 3,192 2,425 4,361 717 1,633 626 1,671 481 1,663 261 16,396 11,914 25,837 22,459 12 ,743 8,469 31,366 24,481 16,146 10,345 11,218 5,034 14,137 9,742 16,736 6,831 35,948 13,722 31,533 11,870 36,176 17,062 18,511 10,530 22,449 17,660 16,091 9,823 24 ,599 23,117 21,496 15,948 29 ,820 25,179 46,159 36,355 21 ,805 21,197 23,227 18,604 20,012 17,356 15 ,087 6,498 22 ,790 11,073 24,421 14,801 20 ,583 9,206 15,905 7,130 19,991 7,170 17,505 6,353 253 ,776 176,455 250,300 149,459 226,963 134,088 294,660 156,463 169,123 102 ,822 219,763 116,921 310,122 209 ,385 Average, 1914-1920: Receipts Shipments 101 ,633 57,153 14,788 10,316 I 10,643 7,568 22,286 13,311 3,025 1,366 3,043 1,533 18,263 13,206 25,349 12 ,500 26,731 22,537 19,469 8,890 246,387 149,370 1921-22: Receipts Shipments 186,815 115,700 25,630 22,168 15 ,920 12,048 14,111 14,034 33 ,809 22,713 3,994 1,795 2,454 903 16,063 10,242 24,116 18,295 29,583 26,047 21,665 7,053 374,160 250,998 1 Compiled from Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. 1 No report. 704 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X CORN — Continued. Table 11. — Corn: Monthly and yearly receipts and shipments, 11 primary markets, 1909-10 to 1921-22— Continued. Month Chi- cago Mil- wau- kee Min- neap- olis Du- luth St. Louis To- ledo De- troit Kan- sas City Peoria Oma- ha In- dian- apolis Total 1921 November: Receipts Shipments December: Receipts Shipments 1922 January: Receipts Shipments February: Receipts Shipments March: Receipts Shipments April: Receipts Shipments May: Receipts Shipments June: Receipts Shipments July: Receipts 1,000 bush. 6,598 5,037 19,618 7,294 1,000 bush. 607 1,762 3,890 1,475 1,000 bush. 574 305 2,095 1,227 1,000 bush. 265 1,260 1,503 234 1,000 bush. 1,697 1,105 3,905 1,740 1,000 bush. 190 50 495 167 1,000 bush. 114 42 297 87 1,000 bush. 365 277 2,062 1,372 1,000 bush. 1,255 805 2,835 1,827 1,000 bush. 619 639 3,208 2,518 1,000 bush. 1,821 585 2,731 978 1,000 bush. 14,105 11,867 42,639 18,919 24,713 12,931 33,348 19,130 2,987 1,987 3,567 1,230 2,253 1,266 2,613 1,074 1,445 1,753 1 3,944 2,056 4,293 2,147 685 390 636 375 274 173 504 150 1,513 983 2,232 1,063 2,576 2,137 4,080 3,200 3,992 2,974 3,051 2,293 2,155 816 3,481 804 46,537 25,713 59,558 31,467 14,288 13,849 2,626 2,015 2,462 1,505 2,171 37 2,748 2,466 373 170 276 111 2,029 861 1,912 1,505 3,358 3,184 1,687 682 33,930 26,385 5,256 2,115 960 2,729 564 793 379 58 1,154 1,159 138 82 138 79 1,102 563 1,019 540 1,807 2,277 671 307 13,188 10,702 8,424 5,750 2,296 2,623 993 1,446 869 5,843 2,362 1,927 170 159 145 102 1,577 810 1,598 946 2,668 2,640 863 405 21 ,965 22,651 15,876 4,616 2,835 3,694 2,034 1,408 2,253 2,975 3,148 2,472 274 73 165 58 2,239 616 1,879 1,185 2,672 2,944 1,906 557 35,281 20,598 11,362 11 ,243 1,217 1,286 775 1,920 1,472 1,353 2,931 2,075 119 105 80 12 987 1,056 689 840 1,925 1,955 918 367 22 ,475 Shipments August: Receipts Shipments September: Receipts Shipments October: Receipts Shipments 22,212 11,795 12,211 999 660 680 657 732 1,551 2,931 2,185 261 31 171 2 978 1,443 1,685 1,546 2,955 2,295 1,518 227 24,708 22,811 19,137 8,952 16,400 12,572 1,995 1,068 1,651 1,639 402 273 475 174 872 498 397 224 2,509 1,617 2,187 1,764 356 107 297 86 182 32 108 55 428 660 551 538 2,060 1,758 2,528 2,006 1,573 1,167 1,755 1,15S 1,609 615 2,305 710 31,123 16,747 2,651 20,926 CROP STATISTICS 705 OATS. Table 12. — Oats: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1920-1922. State Thousands of acres Production (thousands of bushels) Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1920 1921 1922 1 1920 1921 1922 1 1920 1921 1922 1 Maine 119 18 81 9 1 11 1,059 72 1,210 7 50 148 .200 154 307 344 41 1,540 1,875 4,334 1,485 2,408 3,702 5,894 1,918 2,518 2,219 2,400 2,127 280 250 246 128 50 1,490 1,650 290 533 115 204 61 13 77 3 185 210 300 155 124 18 81 9 1 11 1,038 72 1,238 6 60 163 210 170 338 412 41 1,550 1,912 4,594 1,544 2,632 4,145 6,340 2,148 2,568 2,650 2,585 1,894 293 260 308 147 55 1,865 1,765 300 618 150 217 61 18 79 3 180 210 272 140 130 18 87 10 1 11 1,059 72 1,213 7 58 166 200 178 406 474 37 1,472 1,370 3,860 1,498 2,465 4,021 6,023 1,117 2,388 2,400 2,408 1,494 234 229 277 140 56 1,455 1,500 264 600 158 185 62 20 86 3 162 202 267 150 4,974 702 2,835 306 28 330 40,772 2,304 47,190 231 1,625 3,241 5,400 3,388 7,368 7,224 697 68 ,068 76,875 171,193 58,806 107,878 138,825 229,866 58,499 60,432 75,446 83 ,040 65,299 6,580 4,950 4,428 2,176 1,150 32,780 54 ,450 7,250 11,726 4,370 6,426 1,671 351 2,603 112 7,030 9,786 10,950 4,650 4,340 630 2,673 279 28 330 24,912 1,728 35,283 168 1,620 3,342 4,620 3,060 8,112 8,652 533 35,650 45,888 121,741 28,101 63,958 99 ,480 164 ,840 42,960 48,792 58,300 70,054 38 ,827 5,567 5,330 6,776 2,940 1,265 33,570 35,300 6,600 14,832 4,500 6,727 1,690 630 2,876 113 7,740 10,500 8,704 3,780 4,940 684 3,132 340 31 308 31,770 2,232 41 ,242 161 1,740 3,320 4,600 3,738 9,744 8,532 481 39,744 28,770 110,010 49 ,434 101 ,558 142,746 222 ,851 17,872 78,804 74 ,400 56,106 28,386 4,282 4,351 5,540 2,660 1,249 33,465 30 ,000 6,336 19,200 5,056 4,625 930 620 3,354 112 6,156 7,959 6,675 5,250 4,228 526 2,126 245 22 248 27,317 1,728 31,145 162 1,138 2,625 4,266 3,252 7,589 7,802 418 34 ,034 35,362 73,613 28,227 52 ,860 49,977 82,752 28,665 21,151 24 ,897 30,725 25,467 4,803 3,861 3,897 1,893 943 21 ,635 23,958 5,655 5,980 2,709 3,856 1,337 337 2,082 134 4,780 7,046 7,118 3,720 2,387 378 1,577 165 17 198 11,709 778 15,877 77 729 1,872 2,402 2,142 5,922 5,537 346 11,764 13,308 35,305 10,116 21,106 22,880 37,913 12 ,888 10,246 11,660 14,711 10,483 2,672 2,558 4,404 1,882 886 13 ,092 9,531 2,970 5,043 1,710 2,220 811 410 1,064 85 2,477 4,410 3,308 1,928 2,322 410 Vermont 1,754 214 Rhode Island 19 Connecticut 200 New York 16,203 New Jersey 1,228 Pennsylvania 19,796 Delaware 92 Maryland 887 Virginia 1,959 West Virginia 2,668 North Carolina 2,504 South Carolina . 7,405 Georgia 6,399 Florida 327 Ohio 17,885 Indiana 11,508 Illinois 42,904 Michigan . . . 20,268 Wisconsin 39,608 Minnesota 45,679 Iowa 77,998 Missouri 7,864 North Dakota 20,489 South Dakota 23 ,808 Nebraska 19,076 Kansas 11,638 Kentucky 2,398 Tennessee .... 2,306 Alabama 4,155 Mississippi Louisiana. . . 1,756 862 Texas 18,406 Oklahoma. . . . 13,500 Arkansas 3,612 Montana 7,104 Wyoming 2,022 Colorado 2,081 New Mexico 539 Arizona 422 Utah Nevada 1.576 84 Idaho 2,832 Washington 4,616 3,805 California 3,360 42,491 45,495 40,693 1,496,281 1,078,341 1,215,496 688,311 325,954 478,548 Preliminary estimate. 706 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X OATS— Continued. Table 13. — Oats: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1909-1922.1 Area Production Country Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 1922 s Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 » Northern Hemisphere north america United States 3 1,000 acres 37,357 9,597 1,000 acres 42 ,491 15,850 1,000 acres 44,826 16,949 1,000 acres 41 ,822 16,056 1,000 bushels 1,143,407 351 ,690 17 1,000 bushels 1,496,281 530,710 1,000 bushels 1,060,737 426,233 1,000 bushels 1,229,774 Canada » 558,358 Mexico Total North American countries marked 3 46,954 58,341 61 ,775 57,878 1,495,097 2,026,991 1,486,970 1,788,132 EUROPE United Kingdom: England and Wales 3 Scotland 2,039 952 1,049 266 1,969 1,028 346 644 77 * 9,801 1,276 « 1 ,253 81 * 10,750 * 4,613 2,266 1,032 1,332 342 1,752 1,091 395 586 62 8,2-78 1,588 1,159 56 7,940 627 1,981 802 1,029 2,148 1,012 1,254 342 1,757 1,112 383 603 64 8,421 1,575 1,199 52 7,814 662 1,963 806 1,003 2,161 987 "i',757" 1,118 392 701 66 7,905 1,512 1,212 51 7,905 "2,021 818 954 82 ,024 37,670 63,083 10,245 79,115 43,115 18,512 40,905 3,382 * 310,020 29,110 « 36,945 4,784 * 591 ,996 * 143 ,392 85,968 41,256 53,648 15,078 69,914 50,794 20,443 33,865 1,849 291 ,406 37,772 24,223 3,118 332 ,490 15,974 59,654 22,307 22 ,242 80,264 38,344 46,144 12,960 76,598 52,158 20,001 35,225 1,243 244 ,455 35,616 6 38,401 3,038 344,812 18,643 74,087 21,964 18,906 74,800 Ireland Sweden 3 72 ,498 Denmark 3 51,740 Netherlands 3 16,430 Belgium » 27,558 Luxemburg France' 288,250 Spain » 34 ,926 Italy3 30,589 Switzerland * . . 2,466 Germany J . 284,585 Austria Czechoslovakia . 64,520 Hungary » * 2 ,669 « 85,840 22,528 Yugoslavia 3 16,200 Serbia' «266 «246 225 * 5,443 « 5,216 « 4,973 Croatia-Slovonia 3 Greece . . . 273 2,173 4,118 3,996 7,004 60,979 129,061 4,134 9,301 55,350 150,286 18,154 16,843 8,840 28,029 * 1,105 * 2,858 3,063 4,753 766 622 353 1,038 3,294 5,718 * 9 ,880 * 27,545 * 76 ,590 9,370 Rumania 3 86,117 Poland3 182,960 Latvia 533 675 7,784 17,792 Finland 3 «987 * 39 ,203 1,013 . 988 * 21 ,989 * 904 ,547 24,561 28,647 Russia, including Ukraine anc Total European countries marked * 37,998 34,591 36,134 36,852 1,474,002 1,216,147 1,214,404 1,229,664 ASIA Cyprus .... 429 Japan 282 306 11,162 12,086 13,434 < 4,912 * 87 ,403 1 Official sources unless otherwise stated. J Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 1, 1922. 3 Indicates countries reporting for all periods given either as listed or as part of some other country. 4 Old boundaries. 1 Includes 627,000 bushels grown in the new territory of Venezia Tridentina and Venezia Giulia. • One year only. CROP STATISTICS 707 OATS — Continued. Table 13. — Oats: Area and production in undermentioned countries 1909-1922— Continued. Country Area Production Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 1922 Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 Northern Hemisphere — Continued AFRICA French Morocco 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 6 578 150 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels 228 6,855 1,481 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels <456 141 558 165 583 119 12,950 4,333 10,334 4,134 5,570 964 Tunis*... Total African count res 597 728 723 702 17,283 8,336 14,468 6 534 Total Northern Hemisphere countries marked 3 85,549 93,660 98,632 1920-21 95,432 1921- 22 2 2,986,382 3,251,474 2,715,842 3,024,330 Country Aver- age, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 * Southern Hemisphere Chile* 68 46 1,999 6 809 708 376 64 81 2,301 558 1,068 180 60 76 2,061 564 937 148 79 107 2,105 530 "in 2,934 830 52,122 7,197 14 ,851 13,664 2,590 1,479 57,113 7,519 12,556 6,968 3,155 1,989 47,619 7,789 18,521 5,225 3,144 Uruguay 3 2,069 32,973 8,103 Union of South Africa 3 Australia New Zealand 3 6,753 Total southern hemisphere countries marked 3 3,298 3,184 2,909 2,992 76,747 75,669 65,777 53 ,042 marked 3 88,847 96,844 104 ,382 101 ,541 98,424 3,063,129 3,327,143 2,781,619 3 ,077 ,372 World total all countries re- 140,627 109,516 102 ,479 4,328,148 3,550,328 3,051,618 3,173,118 1 Official sources unless otherwise stated. 2 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 1, 1922. » Indicates countries reporting for all periods given either as listed or as part of some other country. 4 Four-year average. 1 One year only. Table 14. — Oats: Total production in countries as far as reported, 1S95-1922. Year Production Year Production Year Production Year Production Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels 1895 3,008,154,000 1902.... 3,626,303,000 1909. . . . 4,312,882,000 1916.... 13,484,071,000 1896 2,847,115,000 1903.... 3,378,034,000 1910.... 4,182,410,000 1917.... 2 3,006,747,000 1897 2,633,971,000 1904.... 3,611,302,000 1911.... 3,808,561,000 1918.... 2 3,112,522,000 1898 2,903,974,000 1905.... 3,510,167,000 1912.... 4,617,394,000 1919.... 2 2.857,897,000 1899 3,256,256,000 1906.... 3,544,961,000 1913.... 4,697,437,000 1920. . . . 2 3,550,328,000 1900 3,166,002,000 1907.... 3,603,896,000 1914.... 4,034,857,000 1921.... 2 3,051,618,000 1901 2,862,615,000 1908.... 3,591,012.000 1915.... 4,306,550,000 1922.... 2 3,173,118,000 1 Germany not included. In 1915 Germany produced about 10 per cent of the reported world production * Russia not included. In 1915 Russia produced about 20 per cent of the reported world production. 708 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X OATS — Continued. Table 15. — Oats: Average yield per acre in undermentioned countries, 1890-1922. Year United States Russia (Euro- pean) Ger- many Austria Hungary proper France United King- dom » Average: 1890-1899 Bushels 26.1 29.3 32.1 Bushels 17.8 20.0 2 22.2 Bushels 40.0 50.7 47.5 Bushels 25.3 29.8 29.3 Bushels Bushels 29.8 33.0 32.8 Bushels 43.6 1900-1909 30.7 3 34.8 44.3 1910-1919 43.1 1919 29.3 35.2 23.7 29.4 41.9 41.9 44.1 36.0 22.4 25.5 28.2 24.6 35.2 29.0 36.5 42.9 1920. . 27.8 27.3 27.5 39.1 1921 . . 37.3 1922. . . Winchester bushels. 2 Seven-year average. 3 Six-year average. CROP STATISTICS 709 Table 16. — Oats: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1922. (See headnote of table 5) Acreage har- vested Aver- age yield per acre Produc- tion Aver- age farm price per bu. Dec. 1 Farm value Dec. 1 Chicago cash price per bushel, contract 1 Domestic exports, including oatmeal, fiscal year beginning July 1 2 Imports, during fiscal year begin- ning July 1 » Year D Low ec. Hi Foil ing Low ow- Vlay Hi 1849 1,000 acres Bush. 1,000 bushels 146,584 172,643 272,993 469,856 717,266 780,124 791 ,442 842,747 925,555 913,800 778,392 1,053,489 869,350 1,008,931 1,090,236 1,035,576 805,108 850,540 1,068,289 1,186,341 922,298 1,418,337 1,121,768 1,141,060 1,549,030 1,251,837 1,592,740 1,538,124 1,184,030 1,496,281 1,078,341 1,215,496 Cents 1,000 dollars Cis. Cts. Cts. Cts. Bushels Bushels 1859 1866-1875 9,680 17,143 27,482 29,645 28,353 28,769 89,540 30,290 29,894 30,578 30,866 31,353 32,072 33,353 33,641 34,006 35,159 37,548 37,763 37,917 38,399 38,442 40,996 41 ,527 43,553 44,349 40,359 42 ,491 45,495 40,693 28.2 27.4 26.1 26.3 27.9 29.3 31.3 30.2 26.0 34.5 28.2 32.2 34.0 31.0 23.9 25.0 30.4 31.6 24.4 37.4 29.2 29.7 37.8 30.1 36.6 34.7 29.3 35.2 23.7 29.9 37.5 32.5 29.4 18.3 20.8 25.2 24.5 25.4 39.7 30.6 34.0 31.1 28.9 31.9 44.5 47.3 40.6 34.4 45.0 31.9 39.2 43.8 36.1 52.4 66.6 70.9 70.4 46.0 30.2 39.4 102,423 152,594 207,143 142,772 164,836 212,482 226,588 232,074 308,796 322 ,423 295,232 313,488 314,868 329 ,853 358,421 402,010 433,869 408,388 414,663 452,469 439,596 499,431 559,506 655 ,928 1,061,474 1,090,322 833 ,922 688,311 325,954 478,548 38 29 27 16| 21 26 22J 21f 42 291 341 281 29i 33 46* 48| 40 31 461 31 37| 461 40| 46f 70* 68 77 47 324 41* 42 33 29 18! 23i 27| 23 22f 48* 32 38 32 32| 35f 501 50* 45 32* 47f 31! 40* 49! 44 54 80| 74* 89 52 42 42* 45 33 28 161 26 24 211 271 41 33f 39! 28f 321 44* 52! 56! 36* 311 50* 35* 37 50* 39* 59* 72 671 100* 36! 37i 52 38 32* 18 32 27! 23! 31 49* 381 44! 32 34! 48* 56* 62* 431 36 58 43 42* 56 49* 74 79* 74 i 117! 431 45 546,033 3,106,723 5,607,237 37,725,083 73,880.307 33 ,534 ,362 45,048,857 42,268,931 13,277,612 8,381,805 1,960,740 8,394,692 48,434,541 6,386,334 2,518,855 2,333,817 2,548,726 3,845,850 2,677,749 36,455,474 2,748,743 100,609,272 98,960,481 95,105,698 125,090,611 109,004,734 43,435,994 9,391,096 21,016,742 732 615 1876-1885 366 123 1886-1895 111 587 1896 131 204 1897 25,093 28,098 54,576 32 107 1898 1899 1900 1901 38,978 150,065 183,983 1902 1903 1904 55,699 1905 40,025 91 ,289 1906 1907 383,418 1908 6,691,700 1909 1 034 511 1910^ 107,318 1911 2,622,357 1912 723,899 1913 22,273,624 9114 630,722 1915 665,314 1916 1917 2,591,077 1918 551,355 1919 6,043,834 1920*.. 3,795,638 1921 1,733,282 1922 s 1 Quotations are for No. 2 to 1906. 2 Oatmeal not included until 1882. 3 Oatmeal not included 1867-1882, and 1909. « Acreage adjusted to census basis. 5 Preliminary estimate. 710 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X OATS— Continued. Table 17. — Oats: Yield per acre, price per 'bushel December 1, and value per acre, by States. Value Yield per acre (bushels) Farm price per bushel (cents) per acre (dollars)1 State a 2 W3 00 OS © ^ cm gco eo ■«*< «« CO t~ OO OS o CM g£ CM f2 OS os OS 22 os CM OS |S os os OS OS OS OS OS CM OS CM OS CM OS CM OS Maine 37.8 40.0 34.0 41.8 35.0 38.0 68 55 57 45 67 85 90 92 85 55 47 29.34 17.86 New Hampshire . 36.6 38.0 33.0 39.0 35.0 38.0 69 56 58 54 69 84 87 85 75 6C 60 28.66 22.80 Vermont 34.9 41.0 29.5 35.0 33.0 36.0 68 52 55 53 65 85 90 90 75 59 56 27.95 20.16 Massachusetts... 34.4 40.0 33.0 34.0 31.0 34.0 69 54 56 51 66 81 91 90 80 59 63 28.31 21.42 Rhode Island 31.8 42.0 30.0 28.0 28.0 31.0 69 50 58 50 68 75 90 95 80 60 60 25.75 18.60 Connecticut 31.1 38.0 29.5 30.0 30.0 28.0 69 55 55 55 69 79 90 88 75 60 65 25.35 18.20 New York 31.8 41.0 25.5 38.5 24.0 30.0 61 47 51 45 62 75 84 83 67 47 51 23.79 15.30 New Jersey 31.4 40.0 30.0 32.0 24.0 31.0 61 47 54 48 61 70 79 80 75 45 55 22.84 17.05 Pennsylvania 34.3 39.0 31.0 39.0 28.5 34.0 59 46 51 44 57 73 80 80 66 45 48 24.02 16.32 Delaware 28.4 35.0 23.0 33.0 28.0 23.0 64 51 50 51 62 78 87 90 70 46 57 22.42 13.11 Maryland 30.1 33.0 28.0 32.5 27.0 30.0 62 48 52 49 61 75 86 82 70 45 51 21.90 15.30 Virginia 21.5 23.0 22.0 21.9 20.5 20.0 71 52 58 55 63 84 100 100 81 56 59 18.96 11.80 West Virginia. . . 24.0 27.0 21.0 27.0 22.0 23.0 67 51 55 51 64 79 91 91 79 52 58 19.56 13.34 North Carolina. . 18.9 17.0 16.7 22.0 18.0 21.0 80 61 65 62 74 93 108 106 96 70 67 16.93 14.07 South Carolina.. 23.4 22.0 23.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 87 71 71 67 80 100 118 110 103 73 76 21.70 18.24 Georgia Florida 20.0 20.0 20.0 21.0 21.0 18.0 88 68 70 66 79 117 119 115 108 64 75 20.33 13.50 15.2 18.0 15.0 17.0 13.0 13.0 81 70 70 70 71 98 115 120 60 65 68 14.21 8.84 Ohio 34.2 44.0 33.0 44.2 23.0 27.0 51 40 45 36 53 64 70 72 50 33 45 22.48 12.15 Indiana 32.0 42.0 32.0 41.0 24.0 21.0 48 38 43 34 51 63 67 69 46 29 40 20.50 8.40 Illinois 33.7 44.0 30.0 39.5 26.5 28.5 48 38 44 35 51 65 67 70 43 48 29 39 21.79 11.12 Michigan 31.2 40.0 25.0 39.6 18.2 33.0 50 39 45 35 53 64 69 71 36 41 18.79 13.53 Wisconsin 38.1 46.6 33.4 44.8 24.3 41.2 49 37 43 36 51 66 67 70 49 33 39 22.72 16.07 Minnesota 33.2 41.0 28.0 37.5 24.0 35.5 43 32 40 32 47 63 63 64 36 23 32 17.22 11.36 Iowa 35.7 42.0 34.6 39 0 26.0 37.0 44 34 41 32 48 63 64 64 36 23 35 19.73 12.95 Missouri 24.5 29.0 27.0 30.5 20.0 16.0 50 45 44 38 53 61 70 71 49 30 44 16.96 7.04 North Dakota... 23.0 23.5 15.5 24.0 19.0 33.0 41 30 37 27 44 62 61 67 35 21 26 9.28 8.58 South Dakota... 31.0 39.0 29.0 34.0 22.0 31.0 41 34 38 28 46 61 59 63 33 20 32 15.53 9.92 Nebraska 28.0 22.2 32.8 34.6 27.1 23.3 44 38 40 31 47 61 65 65 37 21 34 15.48 7.92 Kansas 24.1 22.0 28.1 30.7 20.5 19.0 50 45 42 37 55 64 73 73 39 27 41 14.78 7.79 Kentucky 21.5 24.0 .22.5 23.5 19.0 18.3 65 52 53 48 60 76 90 91 73 48 56 17.62 10.25 Tennessee 20.6 25.0 18.5 19.8 20.5 19.0 67 53 53 50 62 83 93 93 78 48 53 17.30 10.07 Alabama 19.4 19.0 18.0 18.0 22.0 20.0 82 69 69 63 75 102 107 105 88 65 75 17.55 15.00 Mississippi 18.4 20.0 16.0 17.0 20.0 19.0 78 63 65 60 74 94 107 105 87 64 66 16.73 12.54 Louisiana 23.1 25.0 22.0 23.0 23.0 22.3 76 57 63 55 68 94 99 100 82 70 69 20.53 15.39 Texas 23.9 14.7 42.0 22.0 18.0 23.0 60 51 48 42 61 82 92 64 66 39 55 16.65 12.65 Oklahoma 25.8 24.0 32.0 33.0 20.0 20.0 52 45 41 35 57 75 84 70 44 27 45 15.95 9.00 Arkansas 23.7 25.5 22.0 25.0 22.0 24.0 66 53 53 52 68 75 88 88 78 45 57 18.44 13.68 Montana 22.8 30.0 6.0 22.0 24.0 32.0 52 32 39 32 47 81 80 91 51 34 37 13.01 11.84 Wyoming 30.6 41.0 12.0 38.0 30.0 32.0 60 40 48 43 60 80 80 112 62 38 40 22.00 12.80 Colorado 28.7 30 0 26.2 31.5 31.0 25.0 57 44 45 41 60 76 80 90 60 33 45 21.12 11.25 New Mexico 25.1 28.0 27.4 27.4 27.7 15.0 68 60 45 50 67 84 89 95 80 48 58 22.27 8.70 Arizona 33.6 40.0 35.0 27.0 35.0 31.0 81 50 70 64 80 96 120 100 96 65 68 34.01 21.08 Utah 36.4 45.0 27.9 33.8 36.4 39.0 63 40 43 45 61 85 97 98 80 37 47 29.78 18.33 Nevada 35.1 38.0 25.3 37.2 37.7 37.2 83 65 55 55 75 96 118 100 120 75 75 36.29 27.90 Idaho 37.8 40.0 30.0 38.0 43.0 38.0 57 32 38 34 54 77 94 98 68 32 46 27.17 17.48 Washington 40.6 27.0 40.0 46.6 50.0 39.4 61 40 42 37 51 81 98 93 72 42 58 29.88 22.85 Oregon 30.0 25.0 31.3 36.5 32.0 25.0 59 38 45 37 49 75 96 92 65 38 57 21.49 14.25 California 30.6 30.6 32.0 34.7 29.0 29.3 30.0 35.2 27.0 23.7 35.0 29.9 70 49.5 60 39.2 53 43.8 50 36.1 72 52.4 85 66.6 94 70.9 96 70.4 80 46.0 51 30.2 64 39.4 25.09 22.40 United States. 18.60 11.76 J Based upon farm price December 1. CROP STATISTICS 711 OATS— Continued. Table 1&. — Oats: Production and distribution in the United States. 1897-1922. Old stock on farms Aug. 1 Crop Total supplies Stock on farms Mar. 1 following Shipped out of county where grown Year Quantity Weight per bushel Quality 1897-1901 1,000 bushels 62 ,020 59,577 73,196 40,528 27,478 66,666 67,801 34,875 103,916 62 ,467 55,607 113,728 47,834 81,424 93,045 54,819 161,108 74,513 1,000 bushels 850,387 1,011,516 805,108 850,540 1,068,289 1,186,341 922,298 1,418,337 1,121,768 1,141,060 1,549,030 1 ,251 ,837 1,592,740 1,538,124 1,184,030 1,496,281 1,078,341 1,215,496 Pounds 30.7 31.4 29.4 29.8 32.7 32.7 31.1 33.0 32.1 31.5 33.0 31.2 33.4 33.2 31.1 33.1 28.3 32.0 Per cent 86.9 87.7 77.0 81.3 91.4 93.8 84.6 91.0 89.1 86.5 87.5 88.2 95.1 93.6 84.7 93.3 74.7 87.7 1,000 bushels 912,407 1 ,071 ,094 878,304 891 ,068 1,095,767 2,253,007 990,099 1,453,212 1,225,684 1 ,203 ,527 1,604,637 1,365,565 1,640,574 1,619,548 1,277,075 1,551,100 1,239,449 1,290,009 1,000 bushels 309,996 387,728 258,104 294 ,082 385,705 442,665 289,989 604,249 419,481 379,369 598,148 394,211 599,208 590,251 409,730 683,759 411,934 421,511 1,000 bushels 238,934 1902-1906 277 ,254 1907 221,147 1908 253 ,929 1909 343,968 1910.. 363.103 1911 265,944 1912 438,130 1913 297 ,365 1914. . . 335,539 1915.. 465.823 1916 355,092 1917 514,117 1918... 421,568 1919 312,364 1920 431 ,687 1921 258 ,259 1922 304 ,558 Table 19. — Oats: Monthly and yearly average price per bushel of reported sales of No. 3 -white, 1909-10 to 1921-22. CHICAGO, i Crop year Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. F Bb. Mar. Apr. May June July Weight- ed average 1909-10 $0.38 .35 .41 .33 .42 $0.39 .34 .45 .33 .43 $0.40 .32 .47 .33 .40 $0.40 .32 .48 .32 .04 $0.44 .32 .47 .33 .40 $0.48 $0 .33 .50 .33 .39 47 31 52 33 39 $0.44 .31 .53 .32 .39 $0.42 .32 .57 .35 .39 $0.40 .34 .55 .38 .40 $0.38 .39 .53 .40 .40 $0.41 .44 .49 .40 .37 $0.42 1910-11 .33 1911-12 .50 1912-13 .35 1913-14 .40 Average, 1909- 1913 .38 .39 .38 .38 .39 .41 40 .40 .40 .41 .42 .42 .40 1914-15 .42 .41 .44 .61 .70 .73 .70 .48 .34 .46 .60 .72 .68 .62 .46 .36 .49 .60 .69 .70 .54 .48 .36 .55 .65 .72 .73 .51 .49 .42 .53 .77 .72 .82 .48 .53 .48 .57 .82 .65 .86 .44 SB 45 56 89 58 86 42 .57 .42 .61 .93 .63 .93 .42 .57 .44 .69 .89 .70 1.01 .36 .54 .43 .70 .77 .69 1.09 .39 .49 .39 .67 .77 .70 1.13 .37 .53 .41 .78 .77 .78 .91 .34 .50 1915-16 .41 1916-17 .54 1917-18 .71 1918-19 .70 1919-20 .80 1920-21 .51 Average, 1914 — 1920 .57 .56 .55 .57 .60 .62 62 .64 .67 .66 .65 .65 .60 1921-22 .32 .35 .31 .33 .34 .34 36 .36 .38 .38 .37 .36 .35 1 Compiled from Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. 712 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X OATS— Continued. Table 20. — Oats: Farm price, cents per bushel on 1st of each month, 1908-1922. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aver- age > 1908 46.1 48.1 42.8 33.2 45.1 32.2 39.1 45.0 39.1 51.4 73.9 70.8 78.2 45.6 31.0 47.0 48.1 45.0 33.1 47.5 32.4 39.3 50.1 44.6 55.2 78.7 64.3 82.7 41.8 32.8 47.9 51.1 46.0 32.8 49.8 33.1 38.9 52.1 42.7 56.9 86.2 62.6 84.5 41.9 36.6 50.0 53.2 45.6 32.3 52.0 33.1 39.5 53.4 42.0 61.5 88.9 65.8 90.7 39.3 36.5 50.4 55.3 43.3 33.2 56.0 34.2 39.5 53.4 42.6 71.0 86.0 70.9 98.3 36.8 37.9 51.8 57.4 43.0 34.7 55.3 36.0 40.0 51.3 42.1 69.9 78.1 71.2 102.9 37.9 38.4 50.2 56.2 42.1 37.5 52.5 37.7 38.8 46.7 40.4 68.9 76.3 70.9 104.5 35.6 37.3 49.8 50.0 41.7 40.2 44.3 37.6 36.7 45.4 40.1 73.7 73.0 75.3 81.9 33.8 35.0 47.2 42.3 38.4 40.4 35.0 39.3 42.3 38.5 43.1 61.7 70.3 71.7 70.2 30.1 32.2 47.2 41.0 36.2 42.5 33.6 39.6 43.3 34.5 44.5 62.3 71.0 68.4 60.7 31.0 34.5 46.5 41.0 34.9 43.8 33.6 37.9 42.9 34.9 49.0 61.7 68.2 68.7 54.5 29.2 38.2 47.2 40.2 34.4 45.0 31.9 39.2 43.8 36.1 52.4 66.6 70.9 70.4 46.0 30.2 39.4 47.9 1909 46.4 1910 39.9 1911 38.7 1912 41.4 1913... 36.8 1914.. . 40 9 1915 42.5 1916 44.0 1917. 62.7 1918.. 74.6 1919 69.4 1920 74.0 1921. 34.7 1922 36.3 Average, 1913-1922 50.6 52.2 53.6 55.1 57.1 56.8 55.7 53.2 49.9 49.0 48.5 49.5 51.6 Weighted average Table 21. — Oats: Monthly marketings by farmers, 1917-1922. Estimated amount sold monthly by farmers of United States (millions "of bushels) Year Sea- July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June son 1917-18 ... 24 82 67 56 38 39 42 40 35 33 20 24 500 1918-19... ... 34 82 50 42 30 28 28 19 23 27 29 28 420 1919-20 47 60 80 33 59 30 41 19 24 27 25 26 28 21 28 16 26 14 20 17 29 15 34 325 1920-21 . . . ... 36 430 1921-22 38 41 30 20 13 15 18 17 14 11 18 15 250 Average ... 36 69 48 38 25 23 28 25 23 21 23 23 382 Per cent of year's sales 1917-18 4.7 16.4 19.6 18.4 18.7 16.5 13.5 11.9 10.1 13.8 11.8 11.1 9.9 9.2 9.5 7.9 7.7 7.2 5.8 5.5 5.3 7.8 6 7 8.3 5.8 6.1 8.3 6.7 8.2 6.6 7.3 8.0 4.5 6.6 6.6 6.9 7.1 5.5 4.9 6.0 5.6 6.5 6.3 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.0 7.0 5.2 6.8 7.2 4.9 6.7 4.6 7.8 6.0 100.0 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 8.0 14.4 8.3 .... 15.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Average .... 10.1 18.0 12.2 9.5 6.3 7.0 7.4 6.5 5.8 5.2 6.0 6.0 100.0 CROP STATISTICS 713 OATS — Continued. Table 22. — Oats; Monthly and yearly receipts and shipments, 11 primary markets, 1909-10 to 1921-22} (In thousands of bushels; i.t ., 000 omitted. Chi- cago Mil- wau- kee Min- neap- olis Du- luth St. Louis To- ledo De- troit Kan- sas City Peo- ria Oma- ha In- dian- apolis Total Year 1909-10: Receipts 85,999 72,501 107,902 89,705 87,623 70,090 177,103 116,275 105,738 98,141 9,496 7,433 14 ,844 14,873 10,863 8,194 16,252 20,180 18,434 17,172 15,599 14,531 18,419 13,845 10,555 10,043 19,031 16,397 22 ,995 24,272 7,806 7.432 2,434 2,824 4,529 4,639 9,350 8,351 5,795 6,761 20,048 14,765 20,517 15,323 16,879 11,280 23,785 16,592 25,967 19,497 3,670 3,162 3,709 3,435 2,872 2,611 3,637 4,365 3,655 2,819 2,488 383 3,073 265 2,752 348 3,535 514 3,807 649 5,165 4,508 6,280 4,066 6,018 5,071 7,704 7,523 11,325 11,032 10,875 11,705 10,130 10,895 6,658 8,737 11,447 13,188 12,152 13 ,804 (2) (2) (2) (2) 8,868 9,258 14 ,958 14,802 15 ,977 18,575 (2) (2) (2) (2) 976 394 8,136 2,876 5,392 1,808 161,146 Shipments 1910-11: Receipts Shipments 136,420 187,308 155,231 1911-12: Receipts 158,593 Shipments 130,665 1912-13: 294 ,938 221,063 1913-14: Receipts Shipments 231 ,237 214,530 Average, 1909-1913: 112,873 89,342 13,978 13,570 17,320 15,818 5,983 6,001 21 ,439 15,491 3,509 3,278 3,131 432 7,298 6,440 10,252 11,666 206,644 171 ,582 1914-15: Receipts 143,813 130,938 151,168 122,280 145,075 108,152 134,310 86,725 115,714 83,719 82,141 60,792 79,430 54,598 29,962 31,179 35 ,252 34,389 32,707 28,649 31,766 20,128 34,727 30,548 26,572 17,766 19,065 13,297 23,042 23,147 45,778 45,024 31 ,322 23,075 42,017 42,181 37,031 33,019 17,054 19,033 26,003 14,600 9,005 8,325 4,844 4,528 3,184 3,493 766 680 2,663 2,378 1,035 1,084 6,241 455 21,419 16,240 17,518 11,636 24,616 18,940 37,431 32,129 30,812 23,836 31,391 22,772 30,103 21 ,387 6,066 5,089 4,707 3,501 4,926 2,642 5,303 3,194 9,010 8,820 3,221 1,601 5,848 2,339 4,028 1,123 5,173 2,292 3,911 934 3,677 607 8,179 1,756 2,418 551 3,345 750 7,338 6,107 4,882 2,582 10,059 10,130 18,344 12,826 16,688 11,343 7,615 5,180 7,137 5,132 11,189 11,726 11,364 11,838 13,562 11,049 20,170 17,541 8,535 8,212 10,636 13,096 9,176 7,906 13,648 13,916 11,421 10,961 18,216 17,392 23,673 21,945 20,661 20,559 13,018 12,110 10,223 8,423 5,828 4,349 13,797 8,677 14 ,895 10,891 19,822 13,705 14,820 4,516 13,969 4,023 16,509 6,099 275,338 Shipments 252,139 1915-16: Receipts 305,904 Shipments 257,708 1916-17: Receipts 302 ,473 Shipments 235 ,347 1917-18: Receipts 337,279 Shipments 251,661 1918-19: Receipts 298 ,840 Shipments 228,706 1919-20: Receipts 209 ,070 Shipments 158,008 1920-21: Receipts 213 ,080 Shipments 134,986 Average, 1914-1920: Receipts 121,665 92,458 30,007 25,137 31,750 28,583 3,963 2,992 27,613 20,991 5,569 3,884 4,390 1,145 10,295 7,614 12 ,090 11,624 15,837 15,044 14,234 7,466 277,426 Shipments 216,951 1921-22: Receipts 77,828 63,418 17,321 6,505 5,886 5,047 5,406 3,725 4,087 4,074 4,107 3,939 23,241 17,869 4,315 2,304 1,662 2,017 2,537 1,803 1,566 1,412 1,201 748 32 ,307 28,260 7,230 1,980 3,936 1 ,597 4,362 1,646 2,478 1,984 2,087 1,787 6,065 10,129 1,222 524 725 1,735 515 275 207 470 312 147 25,949 20,160 2,690 2,103 2,329 1 ,639 2,374 1,750 1,288 1,012 1,472 991 4,604 2,348 1,996 556 320 218 190 194 136 141 141 110 2,285 330 332 66 184 10 186 8 245 8 188 24 7,262 5,043 1,840 245 885 240 608 602 441 502 289 431 14,210 12,254 1,812 682 998 976 1,121 1,023 1,120 965 913 851 10,665 9,768 1,458 570 1,002 792 840 692 518 526 440 290 13,052 6,247 2,856 1,159 825 714 1,240 640 1,158 598 774 358 217,468 Shipments 175,826 MONTH 1921-22 August: Receipts 43 ,072 Shipments 16,696 September: Receipts 18,752 14,985 October: Receipts 19,379 Shipments 12,358 November: Receipts 13,244 11,692 December: 11,924 Shipments 9,676 Compiled from Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. 2 No report. 714 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X OATS — Continued. Table 22. — Oats: Monthly and yearly receipts and shipments, 11 primary markets, 1909-10 to 1921-22— Continued. (In thousands of bushelsj'i.e., 000'omitted.) Chi- cago Mil- wau- kee Min- neap- olis Du- luth St. Louis To- ledo De- troit Kan- sas City Peo- ria Oma- ha In- dian- apolis Total MONTH 1921-22 January: Receipts.... Shipments. . February: Receipts. . . . Shipments. . March: Receipts.... Shipments.. April: Receipts Shipments. . May: Receipts Shipments . . June: Receipts... Shipments. . July: Receipts — Shipments.. 5,035 4,168 4,423 6,269 6,635 3,568 3,208 7,847 9,652 5,571 6,831 5,933 5,211 1,686 738 2,190 1,005 2,045 2,031 707 1,311 2,605 2,158 1,329 1,242 1,398 1,100 1,658 1,725 2,100 1,899 2,362 3,284 1,029 2,407 2,196 4,874 1,513 2,664 1,356 2.413 424 3,170 979 3,482 359 236 2,214 1,561 2,570 1,771 2,332 2,098 1,242 1,281 2,846 2,283 2,434 2,016 2,158 1,655 148 148 378 307 1,172 857 1,099 1,055 1,151 1,321 678 916 1,729 1,575 1,309 1,035 890 786 744 946 1,232 1,390 1,042 1,132 1,012 424 476 1,155 438 14 ,875 10,829 18,081 11,874 17,017 17,765 8,836 10,822 21 ,693 26,664 15,650 19,199 14,945 13,268 CROP STATISTICS 715 WHEAT. Table 23 Wheat: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1920-1922. State Maine Vermont New York New Jersey . . . Pennsylvania. . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia . North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin . Minnesota Iowa Missouri . . North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee . Mississippi . Texas .... Oklahoma . Arkansas . Montana . Wyoming Colorado . New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon . . . Cahf ornia . . United States . Thousands of acres 1920 13 11 467 74 1,368 116 598 892 253 107 124 2,395 2,080 2,990 1,008 341 2,880 613 3,012 8,916 2,930 3,593 9,294 588 424 20 10 1,583 3,380 2,787 196 1,405 195 36 273 19 1,100 2,459 1,073 714 61,143 1921 1922 475 81 1,365 113 590 847 250 600 118 138 2,434 2,016 2,909 945 214 2,371 555 3,206 9,500 2,845 3,967 10,554 634 450 20 6 2,081 3,786 103 2,715 193 1,719 227 40 276 21 1,123 2,550 1,082 557 77 1,378 578 830 240 612 165 190 2,544 2,056 3,196 1,023 176 1,939 757 3,105 8,740 Production (thousands of bushels) 1920 63,696 472 23 5 1,249 3,300 2,699 180 1,620 105 49 294 21 1,123 2,426 1,093 712 61,230 209 10,203 1,184 22,700 1,972 10,166 11,150 3,162 7,956 1,177 1,240 30,430 24,960 45,492 15,383 5,152 28,168 10,732 37,653 80,244 26,920 60,480 143,078 5,998 4,028 192 100 20,579 54 ,080 1,197 28,690 3,920 25,273 3,566 864 5,331 424 24,600 41 ,665 22,427 9,996 833 ,027 1921 187 126 9,137 1,539 23,850 1,300 8,260 8,301 3,125 4,500 1,298 1,449 30,185 24,192 46,822 14,840 2,812 22,938 9,944 34,952 80,750 25,980 59,875 128,695 6,340 4,500 210 •84 20,810 47,325 958 33,430 3,316 23 ,239 3,088 840 6,299 26,952 58,245 25,364 8.355 1922 1 814,905 Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 275 189 9,014 1,540 25,444 1,766 9,537 10,375 2,760 5,508 1,320 1,520 35,644 29,798 55,432 14,326 3,006 27,036 16,867 38,818 123 ,234 40,012 59,838 122 ,887 7,475 4,484 218 60 9,992 31,350 1,118 40,370 3,060 21,776 885 1,274 5,682 550 24,275 32,444 19,744 15 ,308 1920 856,211 1921 658 418 17,856 2,427 38,590 3,372 16,774 20,070 6,008 16,708 3,001 2,976 50,209 41,683 73,242 25,844 7,934 36,618 15,024 60,245 104,317 30,958 79,229 186,002 11,456 7,855 442 213 35,396 73,008 2,274 36,724 5,292 34,118 4,993 2,264 8,156 763 30,750 56,248 29,155 17,993 1,197,263 1922 » 327 158 9,868 1,739 24,566 1,274 8,508 9,629 3,656 6,480 2,700 2,536 32,600 25,644 46,822 15,433 2,727 22,249 8,751 34,602 68,638 22,603 49,696 119,687 7,291 5,400 321 109 20.810 40,700 958 28,416 2,620 17,662 3,242 1,050 4,725 641 19,405 50,091 21 ,560 8.940 468 274 10,636 1,694 27,988 1,907 10,681 12,658 3.367 7,491 2,072 2,280 41,703 33,373 59,312 16,475 3,096 27,306 16,699 40,759 110,911 36,811 57,445 120,429 8,820 5,515 349 87 10,991 30,723 1,185 35,929 2,509 19,380 1,062 1,465 5,113 21,847 33,742 21.323 17,604 754,834 864,139 • Preliminary estimate. 716 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X WHEAT— Continued. Table 24. — Wheat: Area and production in undermentioned countries.1 Country Area Production Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 2 Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 2 Northern Hemi- sphere north america Canada 3 United States » Mexico 1,000 acres 9,945 47,097 < 2,628 1,000 acres 18,232 61,143 1,000 acres 23,261 62,408 1,000 acres 22,631 56,770 1,000 bushels 197,119 690,108 9,995 1,000 bushels 263,189 833,027 1,000 bushels 300,858 794,893 5 5,089 1,000 bushels 388,773 810,123 5 190 Total North American countries marked 3 ... 57,042 79,375 85,669 79,401 887,227 1,096,216 1,095,751 1,198,896 EUROPE United Kingdom: England and Wales3 Scotland 1,792 52 43 12 255 6 123 138 7 395 27 8 16,308 9,547 6 1,180 8 11,746 6 156 8 4,768 8 3,011 1,875 54 50 40 360 180 152 306 27 12,585 10 ,254 1,098 8 11,290 119 3,399 371 1,573 2,662 3,360 1,976 65 43 41 360 220 180 343 27 13 ,300 10,386 1,969 65 57,528 2,345 1,608 307 7,907 4,916 4,976 14,585 615 8 317,254 130,446 8,683 8 183,260 3,314 8 152,119 8 61 ,075 53,352 2,080 1,400 999 10,528 7,390 5,993 10,274 449 236,929 138,605 10,376 8 141,337 3,584 82,583 5,424 26,362 38,294 43,011 69,776 2,568 1,448 972 12,677 11,145 8,562 14,495 661 323 ,467 145,150 8,613 '194,071 3,576 107,798 6,452 38,682 52,715 51 ,809 60,800 Ireland Norway 8 760 Sweden 3 360 237 156 299 8,473 8 466 Denmark 3 Netherlands 3 5,210 9 870 Luxemburg 6 520 France 3 12,701 10,281 235,380 125,908 5 6,000 163,629 2,363 69 655 Spain 3 Italy3 8 11,779 110 3,561 378 1,556 2,697 3,699 11,540 103 3,384 Switzerland 3 7 150 Czechoslovakia 1,529 2,855 3,637 30,472 43,945 42,250 Hungary 3 Yugoslavia s 8 8,284 8 156 ,523 Serbia3 8 874 868 8 2,764 8 4,576 s 1 ,260 8 14,775 7,200 8 43,725 8 86,679 8 23 ,343 Greece 3 1,399 2,183 5,026 1,790 988 2,361 6,149 2,093 179 46 890 1,930 6,548 2,563 12,194 29,999 62,571 22,740 11,170 31 ,893 77,119 37,409 2,840 784 427 280 9,553 27,925 87 820 Bulgaria 3 Poland3 42,274 Lithuania Latvia 69 948 Esthonia Finland 19 20 22 129 8 522,794 272 296 Russia, including Ukraine and North- ern Caucasia 8 50,388 Total European countries marked 3 ... 63,854 56,940 60,202 59,453 1,208,550 899,384 1,152,832 943,521 AFRICA Morocco 1,997 3,096 1,319 1,190 1,469 2,816 1,500 1,458 1,853 3,103 939 1,518 21 ,999 6,798 5,229 31,711 17,466 33,764 10,623 37,011 9,553 18,233 3,307 36,648 3,371 1,193 1,311 33,071 6,063 34,000 Tunis 3 Egypt s Total African countries marked 3 . 5,875 5,605 5,774 5,560 73,134 43,738 81 ,398 58,188 1 Sources: Official sources unless otherwise stated. 2 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to November 1, 1922. 3 Indicates countries reporting for all periods given either as listed or as part of some other country. 4 1 year only. 6 Unofficial. 6 3-year average. . 7 4-year average. 8 Old boundaries. » Includes 1 ,235,000 bushels in the new territory of Venezia Tridentina and Venezia Giulia. CROP STATISTICS 17 Table 24.- WHEAT— Continued. Wheat: Area and production in undermentioned countries1 — Continued. Country Area Production Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 2 Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 2 ASIA Turkey... 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 bushels 35,000 2,286 16,000 349,919 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels Cyprus 198 2,425 3 8,000 3 4 2,400 3 12,000 Persia 3 8,000 •India 5 29,043 British India 5. . 23,373 6,576 20,240 5,543 22,237 5,997 318,565 59,323 210,149 40,208 308,187 58 165 Native States 5 Russia (Asiatic) . . 9,764 1,179 369 14 84,139 25,274 4,871 173 Japanese Empire: Japan .... 1,300 1,264 30,026 26,921 10,705 26,495 Chosen Formosa Total Asiatic countries marked 5 . 29,043 29,949 25,783 28,234 349,919 377,888 250,357 366,352 Total Northern Hemisphere c o u ntri es marked 3, 5 . . 155,814 171 ,869 177,428 172,648 2,518,830 2,417,226 2,580,338 2,566,957 Country Average, 1912-13 1920-21 1921-22 Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 Southern Hemi- sphere Peru 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 203 1,196 680 14,957 800 6,419 140 1,000 acres 203 1,314 700 14,816 823 9,072 220- 1,000 acres 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels 2,627 19,916 5,948 214,140 6,630 45,976 4,560 1,000 bushels 2,645 23,190 7,768 169,754 8,113 145,874 6,872 1,000 bushels 3 2,800 22 179 Chiles . 1,021 6 734 15,799 7 751 6,798 258 1,296 812 13,927 839 9,587 353 20,316 « 7,314 157,347 4,620 84,943 7,885 Uruguay 5 Argentina 5 Union of South Africa 5. . . 9,944 180,641 8,689 Australia 5. . . 132 ,282 New Zealand 5 .... 10,565 Total Southern Hemisphere countries marked 5 ... 25,361 24,192 26,945 26,814 282,425 297,170 361 ,571 364,300 World total countries marked 3, 5 . . 181,175 196,061 204,373 199,462 2,801,255 2,714,396 2,941,909 2,931,257 World total all countries reporting 249,842 202,793 209,862 203,000 3,576,549 2,824,410 3,078,887 3,035,841 1 Official sources unless otherwise stated. 2 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to November 1, 1922. 3 Unofficial. 4 Cyprus and Malta. 5 Indicates countries reporting for all periods either as listed or as part of some other country. 6 4-year average. 7 3-year average. Table 25. — Wheat: World production so far as reported, 1891-192i Year Production Year Production Year Production Year Production Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels 1891 2,432,322,000 1899. . . 2,783,885,000 1907... 3,133,965,000 1915... 4,198,782,000 1892 2,481,805,000 1900. . . 2,610,751,000 1908... 3,182,105,000 1916... 1 2,608,545,000 1893 2,559,174,000 1901 . . . 2,955,975,000 1909. . . 3,581,519,000 1917... 1 2,287,889,000 1894 2,660,557,000 1902... 3,090,116,000 1910... 3,575,055,000 1918... '2,803,616,000 1895 2,593,312,000 1903... 3,189,813,000 1911... 3,551,795,000 1919... 1 2, 742, 339, 000 1896 2,506,320,000 1904... 3,163,542,000 11)12... 3,791,951,000 1920... '2,824,410,000 1897 2,236,268,000 1905. . . 3,327,084,000 1913... 4,127,437,000 1921... 1 3,078,887,000 1898 2,948,305,000 1906. . . 3,434,354,000 1914... 3,585,916,000 1922... '3,035,841,000 1 Russia not included In 1915 Russia produced 18 per cent of the reported world production. , -# OS ^5 CO CO miOCOfflh- Qs QO t^» CO O OS os oo o*d -« CM CM . OS »-< tf3 © IOHC d poddw © -»H t>.cM tfsoo co 1*5 ifl U5 O. 1QM« cm cm cm cm cm cm cm NO* CO CM O ©>^ CO cm co r-~oo cm co . o-i io«ci ©scm< t^ll it^Nr- oo ■** > t>. r^- r» t>. co *W t— CO "5 «^5 t-» .«« ^ ,-, CM CM « CO r*» CO CO o lO-H00^t< O r~ © moo os -* •<* t>- 00 "* iO OS »o 00 CO >0 ■>* ■»* Tf< CO dddco dcdod t ©s r~- — i t— I ;ooho( t>.»H050 (NftCNOO OS O0 CO OS CM © CM CM -* CM OcONfl ■«*< oo < CO I t» O »*5 OS O0 CO CO CO CO 00 I ^< cm tfi r~ •>* OCJI^ON m CO CO CO o r~ ©s- ■<*< CM CO -^ 00P5 00 001O '> t>.t^odr»oi (^©•CHOCO CO OS -* « 00 O co cm coos ©s OS CM ■* CO OS CM iQ I mNOOO »HiX5CM CM -HCM^CO CM OS t>l BWN001" "sS CO CMOS CO -* ^H rj< CO i-llO CM CM OS -h' CO ■* — I iH CO CO ©' os" © d -! co ©oscm© eo^co © t^d^«« ©©■* OS CO OS © t'* . 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CO IS OS OS 1 5S 720 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X WHEAT— Continued. Table 27. — Wheat: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1922. [See headnote of Table 4] Acre- age har- vested Aver- age yield per acre Produc- tion Aver- age farm price per bushel Dec. 1 Farm value Dec. 1 Chicago cash price per bushel, No. 1 northern spring Domestic exports, including flour, fiscal year beginning July 1 Imports, including flour, fiscal year beginning July 1 Per cent of crop ex- ported Year De t o sein- er -a w Fol ing 6: ow- May M w 1849 . . . 1,000 acres Bush. 1,000 bushels 100,486 173,105 244,672 425,054 476,788 544,193 610,254 772,163 636,051 602,708 788,638 724,808 663,923 596,911 726,819 756,775 637,981 644,656 700,434 635,121 621,338 730,267 763 ,380 891,017 1,025,801 636,318 636,655 921 ,438 967,979 833 ,027 814,905 856,211 Cents 1,000 dollars Cfa. Cts. Cts. Cts. Bushels 7,535,901 17,213,133 50,534,641 127,468,781 143,076,110 145.124,972 217,306,005 222,618,420 186,096,762 215,990,073 234,772,516 202,905,598 120,727,613 44,112,910 97,609,007 146,700,425 163,043,669 114,268,468 87,364,318 69,311,760 79,689,404 142,879,596 145,590,349 332,464,975 243,117,026 203,573,928 132,578,633 287,401,579 219,864,548 366,077,439 279,406,777 Bushels P.ct. 7.5 1859 1,565,791 1,749,128 711,806 992,754 1,544,242 2,058,938 1,875,173 320,194 603,101 120,502 1,080,128 217,682 3,286,189 261,908 590,092 519,785 456,940 815,617 1,146,558 3,413,626 1,282,039 2,383,537 715,369 7,187,650 24,924,985 31,215,213 11,288,591 5,495,516 57,398,002 17,251,481 9.9 1866-1875. 1876-1885. 1886-1895. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 20,470 34 ,433 37,500 43,916 46,046 51 ,007 62,689 51,387 52,473 49,649 51 ,632 47,825 49,389 47,800 45,116 45,970 U,262 45,681 49,543 45,814 50,184 53,541 60,469 52,316 45,089 59,181 75,694 61,143 63,696 61 ,230 12,6 12.4 12.7 12.4 13.3 15.1 12.1 11.7 15.0 14.6 12.9 12.5 14.7 15.8 14.1 14.0 15.8 13.9 12.5 15.9 15.2 16.6 17.0 12.2 14.1 15.6 12.8 13.6 12.8 14.0 105.3 92.6 67.3 71.7 80.9 58.2 58.6 62.0 62.6 63.0 69.5 92.4 74.6 66.2 86.5 92.2 98.4 88.3 87.4 76.0 79.9 98.6 91.9 160.3 200.8 204.2 214.9 143.7 92.6 100.9 257,587 391,104 321,071 390,346 493,683 449,022 372,982 373,578 493,766 456,851 461 ,439 551,788 542,543 501,316 552,074 594,128 689,108 561 ,051 543 ,063 555,280 610,122 878,680 942,303 1,019,968 1,278,112 1,881,826 2,080,056 1,197,263 754,834 864,139 95 97 74 74| 92 62f 64 69i 73 71? 77f 115 82* 105 104 80 93} 109 70 69} 74| 79| 77| 87 122 90 110 101 75 68! 117 68| 63f 70 72| 74! 87! 89} 80} 84 125 114 86 971 185 79} 67} 75} 76* 80f 101} 113! 87* 106 20.7 30.0 30.0 26.7 35.6 28.8 29.3 35.8 29.8 28.0 18.2 7.4 13.4 19.4 1907 25.6 1908 1909 19101 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 19201 1921 19222. . . 106} 106 104 105 85 89} 115 106 155} 220 220 280 164 118| 121 112 119! 110 110 90| 93 131 128} 190 220 220 325 187 138 139! 126} 100 98 115 90} 96 141 116 258 220 245 295 142 127 137 119! 106 122 96 100 164} 126 340 220 280 345 178 173 17.7 12.5 10.9 12.8 19.6 19.1 37.3 23.7 32.0 20.8 31.2 22.7 43.9 34.3 1 1 Acreage adjusted to census basis. Preliminary estimate. CROP STATISTICS 721 WHEAT— Continued. Table 28. — Wheat: Yield per acre, price per bushel December 1, and value per acre, by States. Value Yield per acre (bushels) Farm price per bushel (cents) per acre1 (dollars) State t*- oo OS © ^ CN« CO ■^< >o to t~ OO OS o -2 o> Oi CM OS g CM i 4) O M s OS OS OS OS OS S CM os CM OS CM 2 IN 2 Me 21.0 22.0 18.8 22.0 17.0 25.0 178 101 109 112 187 235 237 220 230 175 170 41.35 42.50 Vt 18.4 22.0 16.0 19.0 14.0 21.0 164 100 100 107 165 236 231 227 200 125 145 37.97 30 45 N. Y... 19.9 18.2 21.0 21.8 19.2 19.3 151 93 108 101 168 210 215 215 175 108 118 37.45 22.77 N.J.... 18.0 17.0 18.0 16.0 19.0 20.0 155 96 109 106 164 213 215 220 205 113 110 34.18 22.00 Pa 17.4 17.0 17.5 16,6 17.5 18.5 148 91 104 104 162 205 214 216 170 103 110 31.26 20.35 Del.... 13.9 13.0 12.0 17.0 11.5 16.2 149 88 109 109 162 208 222 213 171 98 108 25.82 17.50 Md.... 15.3 15.5 13.5 17.0 14.0 16.5 149 89 106 105 171 207 219 215 165 103 112 28.12 18.48 Va 11.7 12.0 11.8 12.5 9.8 12.5 155 96 108 108 165 216 219 224 180 116 122 22.93 15.25 W.Va.. 12.8 14.2 13.5 12.5 12.5 11.5 156 100 108 108 160 217 221 220 190 117 122 25.97 14.03 N.C. 8.6 7.0 7.9 11.7 7.5 9.0 171 106 117 120 176 234 230 233 210 144 136 18.66 12.24 S.C.... 10.2 11.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 8.0 203 130 145 138 189 290 260 258 255 208 157 27.16 12.56 Ga 9.8 10.2 10.5 10.0 10.5 8.0 195 120 134 129 186 290 266 263 240 175 150 24.36 12.00 Ohio... 15.6 19.0 19.9 12.7 12.4 14.0 149 90 105 104 169 204 212 212 165 108 117 32.34 16.38 Ind.... 14.9 21.0 14.9 12.0 12.0 14.5 147 88 103 102 169 203 208 210 165 106 112 29.06 16.24 Ill 17.6 22.1 17.1 15.2 16.1 17.3 144 86 101 100 165 201 208 210 161 100 107 32.01 18.51 Mich.. . 15.7 14.2 19 4 15.3 15.7 14.0 147 89 103 101 167 204 209 210 168 104 115 29.83 16.10 Wis.... 16.6 24.2 13.5 15.1 13.1 17.1 141 82 31.93 17.61 Minn.. . 12.7 20.9 9.4 9.8 9.7 24.73 14.04 Iowa . . . 18.3 18.9 14.8 17.5 17.9 22.3 134 76 96 87 156 199 200 200 140 88 99 29.45 22.08 Mo.... 13.3 17.2 13.5 12.5 10.9 12.5 142 84 98 98 165 195 205 209 160 99 105 24.82 13.12 N. Dak. 10.4 13.6 6.9 9.0 8.5 14.1 136 73 101 87 152 200 203 241 130 85 90 15.83 12.69 S. Dak. 11.8 19.0 8.2 9.2 9.1 13.4 133 71 94 86 150 196 199 240 115 87 92 20.69 12.33 Nebr... 14.2 11.2 13.8 16.8 15.1 14.3 131 71 95 84 160 195 197 202 131 83 96 22.28 13.73 Kans . . . 13.6 14.1 13.8 15.4 12.2 12.6 136 79 95 89 164 198 199 215 130 93 98 22.65 12.35 Ky 11.2 13.0 11.5 10.2 10.0 11.5 153 96 103 105 166 212 214 211 191 115 118 21.70 13.57 Tenn... 9.7 10.0 9.3 9.5 10.0 9.5 158 98 105 108 169 222 214 222 195 120 123 18.60 11.68 Ala.... 9.5 9.0 9.0 9.6 10.5 9.5 185 115 126 125 185 270 245 245 230 153 160 21.85 15.20 Mies. . . 13.3 16.5 14.0 10.0 14.0 12.0 179 95 125 105 175 300 250 250 213 130 145 32.15 17.40 Tex.... 11.5 10.0 16.5 13.0 10.0 8.0 148 94 99 107 T73 210 215 200 172 100 110 22.41 8.80 Okla... 12.9 12.6 14.0 16.0 12.5 9.5 135 82 92 89 167 194 210 205 135 86 98 21.74 9.31 Ark.... 10.7 12.0 9.5 9.5 9.3 13.0 146 90 99 101 163 201 207 202 190 100 106 20.71 13.78 Mont... 10.6 12.6 2.7 10.3 12.3 15.0 132 66 91 78 161 192 194 235 128 85 89 14.88 13.35 Wyo... 18.8 25.4 14.4 20.0 17.2 17.0 128 72 89 78 145 200 189 212 135 79 82 32.31 13.94 Colo. . . 14.2 12.3 13.7 18.0 13.5 13.4 128 78 87 80 150 193 195 202 135 76 89 25.97 11.93 N. Mex. 15.2 16.7 19.0 18.3 13.6 8.4 142 97 90 90 150 215 210 200 140 105 120 28.05 10.08 Ariz 24.4 26.0 25.0 24.0 21.0 26.0 168 110 125 115 150 210 240 225 262 125 115 52.06 29.90 Utah. . . 19.4 20.2 15.4 19.5 22.8 19.3 129 73 86 86 152 178 188 210 153 75 90 30.25 17.37 Nev 23.7 25.5 21.2 22.3 23.5 26.2 144 82 95 95 140 180 206 214 180 130 120 43.73 31.44 Idaho. . 21.5 21.3 18.2 22.4 24.0 21.6 124 63 87 80 146 182 192 205 125 72 90 32.09 19.44 Wash... 16.6 13.1 16.8 16.9 22.8 13.4 133 73 100 82 143 193 196 214 135 86 104 26.91 13.94 Oreg . . . iy.3 14.7 19.2 20.9 23.4 18.1 132 75 102 84 145 182 201 212 130 85 108 28.74 19.55 Calif . . . 16.2 15.0 15.5 14.0 15.0 21.5 147 95 104 95 152 200 216 204 180 107 115 28.97 24.72 U.S.. 13.8 15.6 12.8 13.6 12.8 14.0 138.8 79.9 98.6 91.9 160.3 200.8 204.2 214.9 143.7 92.6 100.9 23.81 14.11 'Based upon farm price Dec. 1. 722 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X WHEAT— Continued. Table 29. — Wheat: Production and distribution in the United States, 1897-1922. Stocks in mills and elevators July 1 Old Btock on farms Julyl Crop Total sup- plies1 Stock on farms Mar. 1 fol- lowing Stocks in mills and elevators Mar. 1 Shipped out of county where grown Year Quan- tity Weight per bushel Quality 1897 1901 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels 42,960 42,048 55,438 33,188 14,171 36,725 34,071 23,876 35,515 32,236 28,972 74,731 15,611 8,063 19,261 49,546 56,707 32,359 1,000 bushels 681 ,963 693,847 637,981 644,656 700,434 635,121 621 ,338 730,267 763,380 891,017 1,025,801 636,318 636,655 921 ,438 967,979 833,027 814,905 856,211 Pounds 57.2 57.2 58.2 58.3 57.9 58.5 57.8 58.3 58.7 58.0 57.9 57.1 58.5 58.8 56.3 57.4 56.6 57.7 Per cent 87.0 1,000 bushels 724,923 735,895 693,419 677,844 714,605 671 ,846 655,409 754,143 798,895 923,253 1,054,773 711,049 652,166 929,501 987,240 882,573 1,000 bushels 175,055 159,665 148,392 137,628 163,371 162,705 122,041 156,471 151,795 152,903 244 ,448 100,650 107,745 128,703 169,904 217,037 1,000 bushels 1,000 bushels 365,058 1902 1906 396,532 1907 89.9 89.4 90.4 93.1 88.3 90.0 93.2 89.7 88.4 87.0 92.4 93.1 82.1 88.9 85.8 87.6 377,999 1908 392 ,440 1909 428,262 1910 98,597 95,710 118,400 93,627 85,955 155,027 89,173 66,138 107,037 123,233 87,075 75,071 91,546 352,906 1911... 348,739 1912 449,881 1913 411,733 1914 541,198 1915 .. 633,380 1916... 361 ,088 1917 325,500 1918 541 ,666 1919 19,672 37,304 26,767 27,830 591 ,552 1920 491 ,035 1921 . 871,612 124,253 888,570 1 153,134 502 ,470 19223.. . 574,452 •Crop and carry-over on farms only. ^Preliminary estimate. Table 30. — Wheat: Monthly and yearly average price per bushel of reported sales, 1909-10 to 1921-22. NO. 2 RED WINTER, CHICAGO1 Weight- Crop year July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June ed aver- age 1909-10 SI. 10 $1.04 $1.07 $1.20 $1.18 $1.25 $1.26 $1.23 $1.18 $1.11 $1.11 $1.01 $1.10 1910-11 1.07 1.02 .99 .96 .93 .94 .98 .91 .90 .90 .96 .91 1.02 1911-12 .86 .90 .93 1.00 .96 .96 .97 1.01 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.10 .90 1912-13 1.05 1.03 1.03 1.06 .99 .86 1.09 .99 .95 1.02 1.03 1.00 1.03 1913-14 .87 .88 .93 .92 .92 .94 .97 .97 .95 .95 .99 .82 .88 Av., 1909-1913. .99 .97 .99 1.03 1.00 .99 1.05 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.05 .97 1014-15 .82 .92 1.11 1.12 1.15 1.20 1.39 1.57 1.52 1.59 1.55 1.24 1.08 1915-16 1.13 1.11 1.08 1.12 1.12 1.23 1.30 1.23 1.13 1.22 1.15 1.05 1.13 1916-17 1.23 1.43 1.53 1.66 1.85 1.76 1.89 1.74 1.99 2.43 2.94 2.76 1.68 1917-18 2.50 2.30 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.16 2.17 2.25 1918-19 2.22 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.24 2.29 2.34 2.28 2.36 2.52 2.76 2.32 2.22 1919-20 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.29 2.44 2.64 2.42 32.55 2.63 3.10 2.89 2.24 1920-21 2.59 2.50 2.53 2.20 2.01 2.02 1.94 1.85 1.65 1.41 1.67 1.47 2.22 Av., 1914-1920. 1.82 1.82 1.22 1.84 1.29 1.82 1.18 1.83 1.23 1.87 1.18 1.95 1.21 1.89 1.34 1.91 1.38 2.00 1.40 2.19 1.34 1.99 1.18 1921-22 1.24 1.25 NO. 1 DARK NORTHERN SPRING, MINNEAPOLIS3 1917-18 $2.50 $2.21 2.24 2.77 2.65 $2.21 2.23 2.84 2.21 $2.21 2.25 3.00 1.82 $2.21 $2.21 $2.21 2.29 2.90 1.74 $2.21 2.41 2.97 1.72 $2.21 2.63 3.23 1.57 $2.21 2.68 3.26 1.67 $2.21 2.56 3.01 1.74 $2.23 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 $2.21 2.72 2.94 2.29 2.71 2.59 2.25 3.25 1.72 2.25 3.34 1.81 2.36 3.00 2.02 Av., 1917-1920. 2.62 2.52 2.47 2.37 2.32 2.36 2.40 1.39 2.28 1.58 2.33 2.41 2.46 2.38 1921-22 1.81 1.57 1.56 1.37 1.30 1.33 1.50 1.66 1.71 1.53 1.48 Compiled from the Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. 2Based on small number of sales. 'Compiled from the Minneapolis Market Board. CROP STATISTICS 723 WHEAT— Continued. Table 31. — Wheat: Farm price, cents per bushel on 1st of each month, 1908-1922. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aver-i age. 1908 88.7 93.5 103.4 88.6 88.0 76.2 81.0 107.8 102.8 150.3 201.9 204.8 231.8 149.2 93.3 89.0 95.2 105.0 89.8 90.4 79.9 81.6 129.9 113.9 164.8 201.2 207.5 235.7 149.3 97.0 89.2 103.9 105.1 85.4 90.7 80.6 83.1 133.6 102.9 164.4 202.7 208.0 226.6 147.2 116.9 89.8 107.0 104.5 83.8 92.5 79.1 84.2 131.7 98.6 180.0 202.6 214.2 234.0 133.5 117.0 89.3 115.9 99.9 84.6 99.7 80.9 83.9 139.6 102.5 245.9 203.6 231.1 251.3 110.7 121.0 92.3 123.5 97.6 86.3 102.8 82.7 84.4 131.5 100.0 248.5 202.5 228.4 258.3 127.4 116.5 89.5 120.8 95.3 84.3 99.0 81.4 76.9 102.8 93.0 220.1 203.2 222.0 253.6 112.2 102.6 90.4 107.1 98.9 82.7 89.7 77.1 76.5 106.5 107.1 228.9 204.5 217.2 232.2 104.8 97.1 88.7 95.2 95.8 84.8 85.8 77.1 93.3 95.0 131.2 209.7 205.6 205.7 218.7 101.2 88.1 90.4 94.6 93.7 88.4 83.4 77.9 93.5 90.9 136.3 200.6 205.8 209.6 214.3 105.6 90.4 91.5 99.9 90.5 91.5 83.8 77.0 97.2 93.1 158.4 200.0 206.0 213.2 188.0 94.2 97.8 92.8 98.6 88.3 87.4 76.0 79.9 98.6 91.9 160.3 200.8 204.2 214.9 143.7 92.6 100.9 90.3 101.3 96.5 86.9 87.4 78.4 88.4 105.2 125.9 200.8 204.3 212.7 217 2 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 112.7 98.8 1922 Av., 1913-1922. 139.9 146.1 146.6 147.5 157.0 158.0 146.8 145.2 142.6 142.5 142.5 146.4 153.2 'Weighted average. Table 32. — Wheat: Monthly marketings by farmers, 1917-1922. Estimated amount sold monthly by farmers of United States (millions of bushela) Year July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Season 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 41 136 137 82 142 69 154 186 97 136 108 139 125 108 122 101 107 89 72 79 77 67 60 47 51 43 56 45 42 40 26 36 34 38 33 22 24 24 36 36 21 16 23 33 29 23 13 25 34 24 17 15 27 44 26 12 12 25 47 27 560 775 800 680 745 Average 108 128 120 90 60 45 33 28 24 24 26 25 711 Per cent of year's sales 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 7.4 17.6 17.1 12.1 19.1 12.4 19.9 23.2 14.3 18.2 19.3 18.0 15.6 15.9 16.4 18.0 13.8 11.1 10.6 10.6 13.7 8.7 7.5 6.9 6.8 7.6 7.3 5.7 6.2 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.2 5.5 4.4 3.9 3.1 3.0 5.3 4.9 3.7 2.0 2.9 4.9 3.9 4.1 1.6 3.1 5.0 3.2 3.1 1.9 3.4 6.4 3.5 2.1 1.5 3.2 6.9 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Average 14.7 17.6 17.0 12.8 8.7 6.4 4.7 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5 100.0 WHEAT — Continued. Table 33. — Wheat: Monthly and yearly receipts and shipments, markets, 1909-10 to 1921-22.1 11 primary Chi- cago Mil- wau- kee Min- neap- olis Du- luth St. Louis To- ledo De- troit Kan- sas City Peoria Oma- ha Indian- apolis Total Year 1909-10: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1910-11: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1911-12: Receipts.. . Shipments. 1912-13: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1913-14: Receipts... Shipments. 1,000 bush. 27,542 20,586 27,400 17,259 1,000 bush. 8,482 2,757 10,062 7,875 1,000 bush. 92 ,833 20,546 90,774 20,866 1,000 bush. 54,687 50,280 28,628 25,352 1,000 bush. 22,064 19,622 20,127 20,082 1,000 bush. 4,426 1,474 4,122 1,556 1,000 bush. 1,821 167 2,003 105 1,000 bush. 34,092 22,057 40,537 26,709 1,000 bush. 1,304 1,002 1,225 1,074 1,000 bush. (2) (2) (2) (2) 1,000 bush. (2) (2) (2) (2) 1,000 bush. 247,251 138,491 224,878 120,938 35,563 30,003 8,497 3,411 96,889 52,745 30,598 25,571 15,336 12,790 6,930 4,644 2,861 401 23,627 16,970 1,518 1,106 11,030 9,690 176 173 233 ,025 157,504 44,168 43,325 50,884 47,905 10,337 5,685 6,372 3,442 126,161 32,761 103 ,679 28,994 83,530 75,435 62,799 64,799 38,792 27,179 27,244 22,242 4,734 2,475 5,802 3,704 977 715 1,442 842 48,374 33,415 32,152 23,730 1,951 1,616 1,629 1,424 20,193 13,133 16,453 11,958 1,560 462 1,898 812 380,779 236,261 310,354 209,852 A v., 1909-10 to 1913-14: Receipts. . . Shipments. 37,111 31,816 107,708 91,112 8,750 4,434 102 ,067 31,182 52,048 48,287 24,713 20,383 5,203 2,771 1,821 446 35,756 24,576 1,525 1,244 15,892 11,594 1,211 482 286,097 177,215 1914-15: Receipts... Shipments. 1915-16: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1916-17: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1917-18: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1918-19: Receipts. . . Shipments. 1919-20: Receipts... Shipments. 1920-21: Receipts... Shipments. 9,550 7,010 112,716 39,510 62,268 59,867 34,196 26,913 7,089 4,168 2,763 2,012 77,745 65,650 3,786 3,527 17,767 11,639 3,028 916 438,616 311,324 85,819 61,531 7,337 3,505 163,202 54,932 95,674 82,540 42,226 31,046 9,965 5,571 2,809 1,580 70,442 51,632 4,503 5,336 25,613 16,215 4,851 1,967 512,441 315,855 56,708 47,342 13 ,735 8,118 10,595 8,099 13,138 1,336 119,701 39,689 82 ,229 19,072 30,978 36,789 16,602 13,646 41 ,024 33,080 17,023 13,234 5,719 2,590 4,583 1,379 2,724 1,082 1,597 260 68,720 62,878 22,226 8,255 2,870 2,468 2,195 1,422 31,194 29,221 8,565 6,096 2,890 929 2,990 1,192 373,123 264,167 184,883 74 ,010 54 ,533 67,122 74,167 57,215 15,535 12,575 7,006 3,674 117,787 38,174 119,419 37,468 88,383 86,932 18,317 13,664 42,547 25,621 45,266 32,956 5,940 1,348 8,046 2,285 1,60 30 1,688 289 854,106 635,696 92,215 55,673 3,405 3,371 3,663 4,285 19,730 15,115 26,585 21 ,992 6,477 2,080 7,471 1,340 410,051 288,340 403 ,843 230,841 30,615 27,886 4,424 2,556 118,579 50,724 45,083 43,272 45,316 31,479 5,052 1,400 1,656 149 87,148 64,637 2,199 2,011 28,192 24,372 4,491 458 372,755 248,944 Av., 1914-15 to 1920-21: Receipts. . . Shipments . 60,469 51,461 9,655 5,536 119,090 39,938 51,044 48,101 38,227 27,761 6,628 2,677 2,121 811 67,512 49,203 3,260 3,203 22,521 17,807 4,600 1,269 4,056 890 385,127 247,767 1921-22:3 Receipts.. . Shipments. 51,548 45,803 9,676 7,464 105,343 43,237 49,226 49,843 39,009 29,404 6,753 3,622 1,578 234 90,574 69,085 2,564 1,709 25,310 25,559 385,637 276,850 Months 1921-22 July: Receipts. . . Shipments. August: Receipts. . . Shipments . September: Receipts. . . Shipments. October: Receipts. . . Shipments. November: Receipts... Shipments. December: Receipts. . . Shipments. 14,070 3,921 1,442 949 7,043 3,938 2,263 2,667 8,932 3,622 943 91 159 5 17,115 7,610 414 378 5,529 2,674 1,790 347 59,700 26,202 13 ,270 18,390 3,297 4,478 2,893 3,253 4,023 1,415 15,036 5,556 13,208 8,163 6,192 4,300 12,567 13,667 7,159 4,762 4,207 3,922 1,063 189 595 381 187 12 103 71 15,675 11,138 9,271 8,411 983 290 235 230 5,874 6,451 3,399 4,092 587 133 191 147 68,919 54,474 51 ,096 44,977 1,956 1,836 515 356 16,668 5,570 8,705 7,748 3,589 3,234 656 265 139 10 7,434 6,847 93 74 2,046 2,273 213 62 42,014 28 ,275 1,157 2,074 104 495 8,870 2,840 5,523 7,681 1,585 1,506 1,776 639 93 27 4,361 3,672 89 65 637 1,026 147 61 24,342 20,086 795 700 103 83 8,180 2,264 2,851 3,097 1,705 1,302 470 478 129 23 6,288 3,243 59 59 921 1,004 115 24 21,616 12,27 7 iCompiled from Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. 2No report. H921-22 figures subject to revision. CROP STATISTICS 725 WHEAT— Continued. Table 33. — Wheat: Monthly and yearly receipts and shipments, markets, 1909-10 to 1921-22— Continued. 11 primary Mil- Min- Kan- Chi- wau- neap- Du- St. To- De- sas Peoria Oma- Indian- Total cago kee olis luth Louis ledo troit City ha apolis Months 1921-22 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 January: bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. Receipts. . . 702 68 7,799 856 1,801 126 151 5,358 112 822 116 17,911 Shipments. 637 171 2,375 312 1,862 158 26 4,052 58 1,182 18 10,851 February: Receipts. . . 1,393 114 7,190 661 2,254 343 152 7,781 145 1,593 216 21 ,842 Shipments. 918 135 2,131 150 1,731 393 7 4,511 127 1,112 10 11,225 March: Receipts. . . 1,229 66 7,018 2,548 2,449 217 156 3,981 222 1,009 152 19,047 Shipments. April: Receipts.. . 1,284 132 3,270 240 2,304 332 23 4,935 173 1,074 48 13,815 2,103 121 3,562 1,247 1,242 135 100 2,871 95 904 164 12,544 Shipments . May: Receipts. . . 1,063 128 1,460 331 1,151 158 9 3,231 76 1,187 21 8,815 9,414 117 5,314 2,707 2,559 275 125 5,385 85 2,049 174 28,204 Shipments. June: Receipts. . . 3,002 208 2,531 6,221 2,234 347 9 7,291 91 3,025 17 24,976 2,162 110 5,455 3,106 1,527 154 84 5,054 32 527 191 18,402 Shipments. 7,500 139 3,139 3,429 1,774 191 12 4,144 88 459 2 20,877 726 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X BARLEY. Table 34. — Barley: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1920-1922. State Thousands of acres Production (thousands of busnels) Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1920 1921 19221 1920 1921 19221 1920 1921 19221 4 1 11 170 15 4 10 102 81 182 255 502 895 180 7 1,085 1,028 256 767 5 6 78 116 64 6 216 11 20 19 5 92 82 75 1,250 4 9 158 13 4 9 97 65 173 200 473 935 136 7 1,096 1,120 199 728 6 9 78 122 75 9 202 10 29 16 6 87 80 70 1,188 4 10 158 12 4 9 73 42 190 140 443 908 150 5 1,008 952 242 1,074 6 14 93 129 77 10 186 10 25 18 6 85 74 80 1,152 104 26 308 4,930 360 110 270 2,825 2,187 5,533 6,630 15,913 22 ,375 4,950 196 19,530 25,700 7,424 19,482 140 138 1,794 2,784 1,152 216 5,292 260 680 593 150 3,220 2,895 2,415 28,750 104 23 225 3,318 280 120 207 2,522 1,235 4,550 3,500 10,642 18,700 3,196 154 16,988 19 ,040 4,915 14,560 144 189 1,872 2,684 1,538 261 4,444 240 928 512 187 2,784 2,944 2,240 29,700 112 28 290 4,108 306 128 248 1,424 714 5,605 3,500 14 ,220 24,062 4,260 115 25,704 21 ,896 4,356 19,332 168 315 1,767 2,193 1,925 310 3,534 140 825 630 176 2,890 1,813 2,160 36,864 144' 38 370 4,881 324 121 270 2,316 1,903 4,537 5,768 13,367 13 ,872 3,118 192 10,937 13,364 3,712 8,767 161 152 1,346 2,004 749 238 3,969 195 952 593 248 2,415 2,895 2,415 28,750 89 25 180 2,057 174 80 149 1,286 593 2,093 1,995 5,427 6,358 1,342 100 4,927 5,522 1,376 4,222 88 189 842 1,208 923 170 1,644 146 742 246 150 1,308 1,531 1,120 16,632 112 27 281 3,040 199 96 198 Ohio 926 414 3,251 2,275 8,105 Minnesota 11,309 2,087 83 North Dakota 10,025 South Dakota 9,196 Nebraska 2,047 Kansas 8,699 143 252 Texas 1,149 Oklahoma 1,206 962 186 Colorado 2,085 133 Arizona 701 Utah 346 176 Idaho 1,878 Washington 1,342 Oregon 1,598 23,224 United States 7,600 7,414 7,390 189,332 154,946 186,118 135,083 64,934 97,751 iPreliminary estimate. Table 35. — Barley: Average yield per acre in undermentioned countries, 1890-1922. Year United States Russia (Euro- pean) Ger- many Austria Hungary, proper France United King- domi Average: 1890-1899 Bushels 23.4 25.5 25.1 Bushels 13.3 14.3 215.6 Bushels 29.4 35.3 33.2 Bushels 21.1 26.3 26.3 Bushels Bushels 122.6 123.6 23.1 Bushels 39.8 1900-1909... 23.4 324.2 35.0 1910-1919 33.6 1919 22.0 24.9 20.9 26.0 27.6 27.9 31.7 25.6 16.4 18.5 19.6 16.8 17.5 23.4 22.8 24.4 30 8 1920 17.8 18.0 19.0 32.1 1921 30.4 1922 'Winchester bushels. 2Seven-year average. sSix-year average. CROP STATISTICS 727 BARLEY — Continued. Table 36. — Barley: Area and production in undermentioned countries} Area Production Country Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 1922' ) Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 19222 Northern Hemisphere north america 1,000 acres 1,574 7,602 1,000 acres 2,552 7,600 1,000 acres 2,796 7,240 1,000 acres 2,732 7,550 1,000 bushels 45,275 184,812 6,666 1,000 bushels 63,311 189,332 1,000 bushels 59,709 151,181 1,000 bushels 76,396 United States* 196,431 Total North American countries marked3 9,194 10,152 10,036 10,282 230,087 252,643 50,680 7,784 7,224 5,382 11,175 24,707 2,660 4,351 105 38,382 90,462 1,797 '5,870 190 619 82 ,344 4,392 37,238 22,585 11,699 210,890 272,827 EUROPE United Kingdom: England and Wales8 1,488 191 165 «89 451 «'591 68 685 3 «1 ,866 3,509 1,637 204 207 156 398 626 56 91 5 1,641 4,319 1,436 171 175 156 400 628 61 96 5 1,679 4,335 1,364 157 "■'427' 666 62 86 5 1,623 4,217 50,164 7,103 7,493 2,867 14,592 '22,589 3,270 4,247 82 '46,489 74,689 42,472 5,912 5,712 4,279 12,326 27,548 3,302 5,117 74 38,318 89,320 il,913 811,119 40,480 13,274 29,032 2,866 3,991 39,534 74,795 Italy3 '613 5 13 '3,976 '2,712 6494 8 18 2,949 238 1,716 926 '540 574 '10,104 109 441 '153,529 '71 ,988 8,768 Malta 16 2,808 266 1,613 909 16 2,841 309 1,670 926 551 89,056 5,201 47,471 21,408 13,378 491 72,631 5,190 42,144 '69,812 21 ,449 13 ,050 '242 '214 '158 '616 '1,319 '1 ,249 '5,072 '3,455 '2,540 '12,425 '24,821 '27,150 Bulgaria3 554 3,392 1,944 551 3,878 2,451 414 362 275 297 554 4,267 2,825 9,451 65,161 38 ,567 9,094 47,619 56,204 8,972 6,496 4,690 4,939 9,324 84,710 Poland3 59,581 306 388 3,054 6,980 "273 '26,810 293 297 '5,737 '440,047 4,983 4,557 Russia, including Ukraine and Northern Caucasia Total European countries marked3 22,203 22,558 2,341 2,795 927 340 23,151 1,905 2,508 1,230 394 23 ,854 2,150 2,868 603 375 603,114 505,326 39,645 29,932 2,618 10,449 524,443 525 ,867 AFRICA 29,510 48,226 11,482 11,941 22 ,506 3,353 1,145 10394 41,961 '7,900 «1 1,843 19,805 1,378 Egypt3 11,306 Total African countries marked3 4,892 4,062 4,132 3,846 61 ,704 42 ,999 71,649 32 ,489 "1 1 lOfficial sources, unless otherwise stated. 2Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 15, 1922. 'Indicates countries reporting for all periods either as listed or as part of Borne other country. *Three-year average. 'Old boundaries. •Four-year average. Unofficial. •Includes 758 ,000 bushels grown in Venezia Tridentina and Venezia Giulia. •One year only. i°Two-year average. 728 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X BARLEY — Continued. Table 36. — Barley: Area and production in undermentioned countries1- — Continued. Area Production Country Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 19222 Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 19222 Northern Hemisphere — Cont. Asia Cyprus 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 105 7,419 1,033 1,000 acres 130 6,203 1,000 acres 1,000 bushels 2,151 40,973 1,000 bushels 2,209 149,380 1,000 bushels 2,234 117,040 1,000 bushels India: British India 7,836 917 829 3,183 843 35 Native States Russia, Asiatic 11,171 89,528 19,436 53 Japanese Empire: Japan 2,987 2,929 1,979 84,909 36,539 87,884 36,727 85,849 Chosen 32,316 Total Asiatic countries Total Northern Hemi- sphere countries marked4 36,289 36,772 37,319 37,982 894,905 800,968 806,982 831,183 Country Aver- age, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22- Chile* 1,000 acres 6117 64 6268 6109 137 39 1,000 acres 126 5 615 99 267 23 1,000 acres 128 5 667 91 1,000 acres 139 3 "'87' 1,000 bushels 63,924 661 63,626 2,015 2,819 1,402 1,000 bushels 3,691 76 10,279 ?720 4,288 816 1,000 bushels 5,035 82 11,161 1,137 1,000 bushels 5,376 42 Uruguay4 Argentina Union of South Africa4 1,282 Australia New Zealand4 47 33 1,587 1,151 Total Southern Hemi- sphere countries marked4 269 253 271 262 7,402 5,303 7,841 7,851 Total world countries 36,558 37,025 37,590 38,244 902,307 806,271 814,823 839,034 Total world, all countries reporting 77,839 52,678 52,961 40,944 1,536,431 1,159,056 1,137,427 986,685 Official sources unless otherwise stated. 2Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to November 15, 1922. 3Three-year average. indicates countries reporting for all periods either as listed or as part of some other country. 6Two-year average. 6One year only. 'Excluding production in native location which amounted to 29,056 bushels in 1918. Table 37. — Barley: World production so far as reported, 1895-1922. Year Production Year Production Year Production Year Production Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels 1895 915,504,000 1902.... 1,229,132,000 1909.... 1,458,263,000 1917.... 1,189,868,000 1896 932,100,000 1903.... 1,235,786,000 1910.... 1,388,734,000 1917.... 1936,050,000 1897 864,605,000 1904.... 1,175,784,000 1911.... 1,373,286,000 1918.... 11,074,158,000 1898 1,030,581,000 1905.... 1,180,053,000 1912.... 1,466,977,000 1919.... 1972,937,000 1899 965,720,000 1906.... 1,296,579,000 1913.... 1,650,265,000 1920.... 11,159,056,000 1900 959,622,000 1907.... 1,271,237,000 1914.... 1,463,289,000 1921.... 11,137,427,000 1901 1,072,195,000 1908. . . . 1,274,897,000 1915.... 1,439,857,000 1922.... 1986,685,000 'Russia not included In 1915 Russia produced about 28 per cent of the reported world production. CROP STATISTICS 729 Table 38. — Rye: Acreage, RYE. 'production, and total farm value, by States, 1921-1922. State Thousands of acres Production (thou- sands of bushels) Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1921 19221 1921 19221 1921 19221 2 5 52 57 200 4 17 38 10 39 5 12 83 306 197 642 371 640 35 30 930 191 151 101 18 19 1 13 34 1 116 24 92 5 15 12 21 39 3 5 55 61 220 5 17 40 10 40 6 18 87 318 256 648 489 1,154 60 28 1,581 439 188 71 20 20 1 13 31 1 126 21 97 2 12 11 19 37 30 95 806 998 3,200 44 238 418 120 273 50 108 1,079 3,978 3,349 8,346 5,046 11,200 564 336 10,230 3,056 1,918 1,141 180 152 12 156 408 9 1,299 504 1,058 70 140 216 294 554 57 100 880 1,159 3,740 70 258 460 120 320 60 171 1,235 3,816 4,096 8,294 7,139 21 ,926 1,140 336 24,506 7,902 2,106 852 230 180 5 117 310 12 1,827 294 873 8 120 165 169 444 52 142 798 1,018 3,040 44 219 397 114 341 125 189 906 2,904 2,679 5,842 3,583 6,944 412 289 5,933 1,772 1,151 776 202 205 19 156 269 12 688 292 635 49 98 151 191 377 80 150 854 985 3,254 74 284 414 114 384 108 231 Ohio 1,025 3,015 3,072 6,303 5,140 14,910 798 312 14,704 4,583 1,369 596 253 214 8 146 248 12 987 153 576 8 Utah 72 HI 161 Oregon 377 4,528 6,210 61 ,675 95,497 43,014 66,085 iPreliminary estimate. Table 39 — Rye: Average yield per acre in undermentioned countries, 1890-1922. Year United States Russia (Euro- pean) Germany Austria Hungary proper France Irelandi Average: Bushels 13.9 15.7 12.7 Bushels 10.4 11.5 211.8 Bushels 20.9 25.6 25.2 Bushels 16.1 19.0 18.0 Bushels Bushels U7.6 •17.1 15.6 Bushels 25.2 1900-1909 17.6 «18.4 27.5 «29.3 1910-1919 . 1919 1920 12.0 13.7 13.7 15.5 22.1 18.3 25.4 20.5 12.6 14.1 16.7 15.6 i3!9* 15.2 15.0 19.9 18.0 1921 1922 16.7 •Winchester bushels. *Seven-ye ar average. »Six-year iverage. ^ ine-year av jrage. 730 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X RYE — Continued. Table 40. — Rye: Area and production in undermentioned countries. Area Production Country Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 1922* Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 19222 Northern Hemisphere north america 1,000 acres 117 2,236 1,000 acres 650 4,409 1,000 acres 1,842 4,228 1,000 acres 2,410 5,148 1,000 bushels 2,094 36,093 70 1,000 bushels 11,306 60,490 1,000 bushels 21 ,455 57,918 1,000 bushels 49,602 United States* 79,623 Mexico Total North American countries marked3 2,353 5,059 6,070 7,558 38,187 71,796 79,373 129,225 EUROPE United Kingdom: England and Wales 48 6 8 «37 977 «632 557 644 26 62,960 1,987 96 7 6 36 914 560 492 523 20 2,148 1,799 762 6282 52 10,588 711 2,238 1,475 578 79 6 6 36 913 559 499 559 20 2,227 1,786 Scotland 6 Norway ""872* 547 491 531 "2 ',087' 1,702 974 23,859 18,098 16,422 22,675 651 648,647 27,635 970 22,434 13 ,242 14,795 18,168 340 32,130 27,830 5,154 64,539 1,622 194,255 10,046 32,941 20,564 6,507 1,043 27,811 12,204 17,987 21 ,273 488 44,392 28,118 Sweden3 23,031 Denmark3 .... 12,354 Netherlands3 13,252 Belgium3 18,598 Luxemburg France3 37,610 Spain3 27 ,340 Portugal Italy3 6303 60 615,387 65,019 6287 50 10,539 758 2,181 1,370 562 322 48 10,250 831 2,178 1,340 585 65,328 1,783 6445,222 6112,752 66,5i.9 1,559 267,648 12,661 53,735 23,177 6,263 5,941 1,488 Germany3 210,582 Austria3 12 ,990 45,798 Hungary3 •2,601 648,716 22,361 Yugoslavia3 7,100 Serbia3 6114 639 6185 6530 6317 65,261 61 ,533 6444 62,231 68,553 4,652 690,494 Bosnia-Herzegovina3 Croatia-Slavonia3 Bulgaria3 464 777 7,236 489 807 8,866 1,249 560 353 606 482 660 11,225 6,056 9,676 73,659 6,693 9,023 167,558 21 ,047 9,806 5,908 10,385 7,204 Rumania3 7,400 Poland3 202 ,067 Lithuania Latvia 486 583 4,686 7,823 Esthonia Finland3 6592 565,122 603 578 611,174 6798,742 9,173 7,776 Russia, including Ukraine and Total European coun- tries marked3 38,165 31 ,440 33 ,058 34,729 890,218 497,637 717,006 662,892 AEICA AND ASIA Algeria (7) 2,451 (7) (7) (7> (7) 24,663 4 5 4 Russia, Asiatic Total African and Asiatic Total Northern Hemi- sphere countries mark- ed3 40,518 36,499 39,128 42,287 928,405 569,433 796,379 792,117 1Official sources unless otherwise stated. 'Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 15, 1922. 3Countries reporting for all periods as listed or as part of some other country. *Three-year average. 801d boundaries. •Includes 886 ,000 bushels grown in the new territory of Venezia Tridentina and Venzia Giulia. 'Less lhaa 600 CROP STATISTICS 731 RYE — Continued. Table 40. — Rye: Area and production in undermentioned countries1 Continued. Area Production Country Aver- age, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-222 Average, 1908-09 to 1912-1 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22a Southern Hemisphere Chile* 1,000 acres <6 (5) <68 •108 9 5 1,000 acres 4 (B) 1,000 acres 3 (5) 1,000 acres 3 (5) 1,000 bushels 4144 *949 «608 108 97 1,000 bushels 53 (B) 1,000 bushels 74 (6) 1,000 bushels 50 Uruguay (5) 141 (7) 596 32 Total Southern Hemi- sphere countries mark- ed3 6 4 3 3 144 928,549 53 74 796,453 50 World total, all countries 40,524 36,503 39,131 42 ,290 569,486 792,167 World total, all countries 108,412 38,061 41 ,440 42,879 1,755,412 581 ,268 834,750 799,994 'Official sources unless otherwise stated. 2Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 15, 1922. Countries reporting for all periods either as listed or as part of some other country. *Two-year average. *Less than 500. 6One year only. Table 41. — Rye: World production so far as reported, 1895-1922. Year Production Year Production Year Production Year Production 1895 Bushels 1,468,212,000 1,499,250,000 1,300,645,000 1,461,171,000 1,583,179,000 1,557,634,000 1,416,022,000 1902.... 1903.... 1904.... 1905.... 1906.... 1907.... 1908. . . . Bushels 1,647,845,000 1,659,961,000 1,742,112,000 1,495,751,000 1,433,395,000 1,538,778,000 1,590,057,000 1909. . . . 1910.... 1911.... 1912.... 1913.... 1914.... 1915.... Bushels 1,747,123,000 1 ,673 ,473 ,000 1,753,933,000 1,886,517,00 1,880,387,000 1,596,882,000 1,583,206,000 1916.... 1917.... 1918.... 1919.... 1920. . . . 1921.... 1922.... Bushels 1,432,786,000 1896.. 1897.. 1473,152,000 1561,165,000 1898.. '638,745,000 1899.. 1900.. 1901.. '581,268,000 '834,750,000 '799,994,000 'Russia not included. In 1915 Russia produced about 57 per cent of the reported world production. 732 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X FLAX. Table 42. — Flaxseed: Acreage, 'production, and total farm value, by States, 1921-22. State Thousands of acres Production (thou- sands of bushels) Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1921 19221 1921 19221 1921 19221 6 314 8 430 216 3 20 110 1 4 377 8 575 193 3 20 127 63 2,983 70 2,795 1,404 24 134 550 6 52 3,770 80 5,462 1,834 24 120 889 7 94 4,504 107 3,997 1,952 36 181 770 7 94 8,219 148 11,689 3,686 46 223 1,751 13 United States 1,108 1,308 8,029 12,238 11,648 25,869 iPreliminary estimate. FLAX — Continued. Table 43. — Flax (seed and fiber) : World production as far as reported, 1896-1921. Year Production Year Production Seed Fiber Seed Fiber 1896 Bushels 82,684,000 57,596,000 72,938,000 66,348,000 62,432,000 72,314,000 83,891,000 110,455,000 107,743,000 100,458,000 88,165,000 102,960,000 100,850,000 Pounds 1,714,205,000 1,498,054,000 1,780,693,000 1,138,763,000 1,315,931,000 1,050,260,000 1,564,840,000 1,492,383,000 1,517,922,000 1,494,229,000 1,871,723,000 2,042,330,000 1,907,591,000 1909 Bushels 100,820,000 85,253,000 101,339,000 130,291,000 132,477,000 94,559,000 103,287,000 182,151,000 m ,063 ,000 161 ,821 ,000 61,692,000 87,964,000 83,288,000 Pounds 1,384,524,000 1897. 1910 913,112,000 1898. . 1911 1,011,350,000 1899 1912 1913 1,429,967,000 1900 1,384,757,000 1901. 1914 1,044,746,000 1902 1915 1916 1917 975,685,000 1903 175,239,000 1904 162,952,000 1905. . 1918 98,982,000 1906 1919 1920 436,329,000 1907 639,024,000 1908 1921 465,269,000 iRussia not included. 84 per cent of the fiber. In 1915 Russia produced about 18 per cent of the reported world production of flax seed and ^s 3— ( S?2 -a 00 ■* •j £ t- "S ~ t- > «3 © 05 ■ O O CO rt US HJiBX-SO-i OS — o> oo -^< «o •* T*< CN r— ■«*< OS * £ f „ ^4 p V J,8 2 e 1 © V. a. i ! <2 ■*S ^ooo cm -*o »« "" c© So cm ~ '• o •§;:"-- 53 rtMOXON t~. co •* cm co t>- • co O0 01'--H00 • CM rt t^. •<»< "* -H . CO » CM „ O 05 CO CO CM CM „ CO -* cm 3 .-i 2™ ia'iili-gjs-jl |Jp§3§ ■03*1 . 1 o II o . . . . . | r~ : o ; CM CN cs^ 8 3 : : : : : ; i j : CM os -s. MM 1 II j — _ j 1 O0 8 CN © 2 MM II CO 1 OS OO CO I eN i 1 J O 3 . -a : MM l| co co : 1 ; co o CN 2 OS • -OS • • co ^ : j CN CO £ 8§ : -& : n i CN CN °*« °- — OS* CN CO CO CO DO C"l i ; T* CO • -co •' • *l 'J' -t> »o «■* • -co • >« CN CO I - CN o 1 °5- a .2 o 3 goo o£J. 11 ^ a. in i Oi Os" ■ 2 CN 00 OSCN • -h '. • Ph eo lO (M -rt r- s ■« CN i II : OS $3 -o CO • 1 ~ ©•8 : «=o -C^ 00 lO !>. -oo O © 38 ~f © CM 3 O tji .— t t^ » CN co 8-§ . 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T3 : .1 : : : : : ^ : jijijl j o e : : : : : s : : T3 S i 1 | : § ►£ : j§ ^ • "a : § S W Cvl >> • c : § : o i 2 GO 9 w H i : : : : : "3 j : : : : : 8 -g : : : : J .g cj ^5 W a ' i 9 H 5 : © -s I : : : : : a § 2 S3 o « 1 : ■< ■ 3 3 o o 3 1 eg • ■ 2 2 2 ijj :| 1 1 S :>.a.2'i 3 $ $ ' s'M"^S o o o ci 3 j ! 1 H t o.S 2 2 aS o u ■£L=3 il ■sa 15 £ ° S5S .2 ™i5 .9 2' I si J B g H a a ■£■2 "£'"3 '-5 730 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X POTATOES. Table 45. — Potatoes: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1921-22. State Thousands of acres Production (thou- sands of bushels) Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thou- sands of dollars) 1921 1922 1 1921 19221 1921 1922 1 Maine 129 14 25 29 3 23 330 95 251 10 49 149 48 46 30 23 17 120 70 121 340 315 430 96 82 124 90 102 65 58 35 32 16 27 37 36 33 41 19 113 4 4 15 4 64 60 43 74 135 14 25 29 3 24 340 95 264 10 51 155 49 48 33 25 26 126 74 119 357 328 486 94 90 198 110 139 65 59 32 48 16 27 39 40 35 46 23 142 4 6 21 5 86 65 49 76 38,442 2,240 3,750 3,335 345 2,369 33,990 9,025 21,586 500 3,185 16,092 4,080 4,048 2,550 1,725 1,564 6,960 3,570 6,413 27,200 21 ,420 32 ,250 4,128 4,756 11,904 5,490 8,160 4,160 3,770 1,820 2,400 1,088 1,809 2,072 2,088 1,815 4,715 2,052 14,916 240 460 2,415 592 11,840 8,100 3,870 10,260 21,600 1,400 3,000 2,610 270 3,360 37,400 16,435 28,512 960 5,151 16,585 4,851 4,512 2,508 1,700 2,600 11,214 5,624 7,497 37,842 40,672 43,740 8,460 5,400 17,820 8,580 11,676 4,160 4,720 2,560 3,840 1,360 1,755 2,418 2,720 2,380 5,796 2,530 18 ,460 200 510 4,137 920 15,910 9,425 5,145 10,260 32,676 3,024 3,900 5,069 552 3,554 36,709 12,816 28,709 550 3,504 17,701 6,650 5,789 3,825 2,846 2,972 10,788 5,176 8,978 25 ,840 20,349 29,025 5,779 6,421 8,333 5,874 9,792 5,616 6,220 3,003 4,080 2,176 3,256 3,937 3,863 3,267 3,772 2,421 10,889 432 644 2,053 710 9,117 8,019 4,218 13,468 9,720 1 470 New Hampshire Vermont 2,790 2,480 243 Massachusetts. . Rhode Island . . Connecticut . . . 3,360 22,440 New York . . New Jersey 11,833 Pennsylvania . . . 21,384 Delaware 672 Maryland .... 3,091 Virginia 10,780 West Virginia 4,220 North Carolina 4,557 South Carolina.. 3,210 Georgia .... 2,380 4,550 Flordia Ohio 10,093 4,724 6,747 Indiana Illinois Michigan 12,866 13,422 Minnesota 15,309 5,668 Missouri . . 4,968 North Dakota 5,524 South Dakota 3,775 Nebraska... 5,488 Kansas 3,827 Kentucky 4,720 Tennessee . . . 2,816 5,760 Mississippi . . 2,176 2,632 Texas 3,869 Oklahoma 3,346 3,094 Montana 2,318 Wyoming 1.265 Colorado 6,830 New Mexico 290 459 1,655 552 4,932 Washington 4,241 2,675 California ' 7,387 United States 3,941 4,331 361,659 451,185 398,362 262,608 Preliminary estimate. Table 46.- POTATOES— Continued. ■Potatoes: Area and production in undermentioned countries. Area Production Country Aver- age, 1909- 1913 1920 1921 1922 1 Average, 1909-1913 1920 1921 1922 > Northern Hemisphere north america Canada 2 1,000 acres 483 3,677 1,000 acres 785 3,657 1,000 acres 702 3,815 1,000 acres 694 4,228 1,000 bushels 77,873 357,699 924 1,000 bushels 133,831 403,296 1,000 bushels 107,346 346,823 1,552 73 1,000 bushels 102 ,686 433 ,905 United States 2 Mexico Guatemala 2 4 4 96 Total North Amer- ica 2 4,160 4,442 4,517 435,572 537,127 454,169 EUROPE 3 United Kingdom: England and Wales 2 . . Scotland 2 434 145 590 102 379 <145 414 390 36 ^3,841 687 545 162 584 130 367 228 427 366 33 3,560 841 3 744 123 5,986 290 1,494, 626 349 558 154 568 130 365 208 441 419 33 3,595 789 561 157 ""'264' 454 442 36 3,566 806 99,890 34,674 119,874 24,821 60,327 4 30,864 110,153 107,021 6,439 4 489,377 93,413 117,637 46,181 74,141 31,076 61,639 45,316 121,514 82,912 5,284 427,610 107,834 6,218 632 52,260 28,256 1,024,301 24,600 183,810 75,967 38,452 110,432 38,827 95,427 26,219 68,525 50,173 107,346 71,534 2,644 305,324 102,225 144,110 Ireland 2 Norway 2 Sweden 2 44 240 Netherlands 2 124,523 79,367 Luxemburg 2 France 2 Spain 2 Malta2 4 658 186 4 8,260 ^3,105 2 763 113 6,541 313 1,574 665 532 74i" 112 6,723 "i',607' 466 672 60,813 40,537 4 1,681,959 4 456,485 554 58,359 25,373 960,889 26,207 159,068 45,899 28,387 Italy 2 Switzerland 2 24,820 Germany 2 3 1,442,180 Austria 2 290,469 Hungary M,521 4 180,103 33,951 Yugoslavia 2 Serbia, Croatia-Slavonia, and Bosnia-Herzego- <292 48 4 6 86 4 2,628 4 27,814 454 4 6 4,778 4 373,917 Bulgaria • 20 241 4,061 19 409 4,796 326 146 20 362 5,303 977 22,363 664,920 1,650 49,607 617,272 50,945 24,759 1,360 Poland 2 1,034,557 Lithuania Latvia 122 156 208 170 13,761 25,240 17,865 24,598 Finland 2 184 4 8,499 198 185 20,975 4 878,461 18,245 16,009 Russia, including Ukraine Total Europe 2 24,095 21 ,388 23,185 4,025,360 3,255.547 2,970,186 AFRICA 45 42 3 46 2 46 3 1,783 985 147 653 147 1 ,925 Tunis 165 45 42 46 46 1,783 985 653 ASIA 399 174 7 65 33,151 24,738 '6,960 Japanese Empire: 296 186 39,736 18,470 Chosen 2 187 18,371 65 186 187 6,960 18,470 18,371 Total Northern Hemisphere 2 28,365 26,058 27,935 4,469,675 3,812,129 3,433,379 1 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 1, 1922. 2 Indicates countries reporting for all periods except 1922 either as listed or as part of some other country. 3 In Germany and some other European countries a considerable portion of the crop is for nonfood purposes. 4 Old boundaries. 6 Includes 58,000 acres grown with corn. 6 Includes 1 ,144 ,000 bushels grown with corn. 7 Two-year average. 738 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X POTATOES— Continued. Table 46. — Potatoes : Area and production in undermentioned countries- Continued. Area Production Country Aver- age, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-221 Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13 1919-20 1920-21 1921-221 Southern Hemisphere Chile2 1,000 acres 66 1,000 acres 76 6 370 100 2 114 25 1,000 acres 83 9 1,000 acres 73 1,000 bushds 8,023 1,000 bushels 10,377 138 1,000 bushels 12,377 150 1,000 bushels 13 877 Uruguay Argentina 235 3 62 40,216 3 3,071 Union of South Africa .... 3,367 118 10,984 5,402 3,734 119 Rhodesia, southern 2 2 50 Australia 137 28 14,077 6,047 New Zealand 2 22 19 4,728 4,185 Total Southern 94 101 105 14,070 15,779 16,896 28,459 26,159 28,040 4,483,745 3,827,908 3,460,275 Total all countries 37,965 27,393 28,529 5,478,383 3,927,713 3,541,754 1 Figures for 1922 and 1921-22 compiled from reports received up to Nov. 1, 1922. '-' Indicates countries reporting for all periods except 1922 either as listed or as part of some other country. 3 1911 census. Table 47. — Potatoes: World production so far as reported, 1900-1921. Year Production Year Production Year Production Year Production 1900 1901 ... 1902 ... 1903 ... 1904 ... 1905 . . . Bushels 4,382,031 -.000 4,669,958,000 4,674,000,000 4,409,793,000 4,298,049,000 5,254,598,000 1906... 1907... 1908... 1909... 1910... 1911... Bushels 4,789,112,000 5,122,078,000 5,295,043,000 5,595,567,000 5,242,278,000 4,842,109,000 1912... 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916... i 1917... i Bushels 5,872,953,000 5,802,910,000 5,016,291,000 4,848,726,000 3,197,224,000 3,103,876,000 1918... 1919... 1920... 1921... Bushels 12,744,444,000 12,963,720,000 13,927,713,000 13,541,754,000 i Russia not included. In 1915 Russia produced about 17 per cent of the reported world production. CROP STATISTICS 739 HAY. Table 48.— Hay: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1921-22. .States Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts . Rhode Island . . Connecticut New York . . . New Jersey . Pennsylvania . Delaware . . Maryland Virginia West Virginia . North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . Florida Ohio ... Indiana . Illinois . . Michigan Wisconsin . Minnesota Iowa Missouri . . North Dakota . South Dakota Nebraska Kentucky . Tennessee . Alabama . . Mississippi . Louisiana Texas .... Oklahoma . Arkansas . . Montana. . Wyoming Colorado . . New Mexico . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon . . . California. . United States. . Tame hay Thousands of acres 1 19221 1,245 450 900 423 45 320 4,895 300 3,025 73 390 930 725 690 396 110 3,213 2,360 3,172 2,873 3,064 1,949 3,171 3,200 961 970 1,565 1 ,552 1,051 1,329 836 428 208 639 910 609 1,045 690 1,195 191 150 490 177 1,029 l.i 995 2,129 1,233 450 909 435 45 323 4,870 303 3,055 77 976 768 800 455 728 126 3,374 2,575 3,645 3,074 3,155 1,988 3,393 3,520 1,028 1,000 1,553 1,630 1,177 1,382 760 458 214 671 965 585 1,045 710 1,239 172 165 503 179 1,029 987 965 2,108 Production (thousands of tons) 1921 19221 428 945 529 50 416 4,895 396 3,630 526 911 870 897 321 610 121 4,081 2,549 3,743 2,873 4,136 2,924 4,693 3,616 1,297 1,358 3,427 2,794 1,104 1,528 752 492 266 1,383 658 1,881 1,242 2,510 458 450 1,284 473 2,984 2,621 2,288 5,003 58,769 61,208 82,379 1,541 585 1,273 587 54 436 6,818 485 4,888 116 1,220 1,037 1,120 455 670 139 4,892 3,734 5,285 4,457 5,553 3,141 4,750 3,872 1,655 1,750 3,323 3,537 1,471 1,866 760 550 342 1,074 1,448 731 1,986 1,349 2,354 310 578 1,459 507 2,572 2,310 1 ,930 5 ,059 Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) Wild, salt, or prairie hay 1921 19,920 11,984 20,790 14,283 1,350 10,816 88,110 7,128 61,710 1,540 7,943 16,125 15,225 17,761 6,420 9,638 2,360 46,932 33,137 50,530 37,349 63,694 25,146 43,645 35,437 9,987 8,691 23,989 22,352 17,112 23,684 11,731 7,134 3,724 8,732 11,341 8,225 16,365 9,315 17,319 5,817 5,850 7,961 4,257 19,993 27,520 22,422 55,033 1922 i 20,187 11,408 22 ,278 13,501 1,431 11,336 96,134 8,778 69,898 2,204 12,173 19,520 17,422 20,384 7,962 11,390 2,572 52,834 41,821 66,062 45,016 68,302 33,609 47,500 44,528 12,412 13,125 37,218 32,894 21,330 30,602 12,920 7,975 4,549 12,351 18,100 9,942 17,874 U, 26,365 6,045 10,404 11,964 5,983 25,720 37,422 26,248 75,885 W7 , 527 j 1,217 ,044 Thousands of acres 1921 1922' 19 6 21 62 55 364 2,033 450 129 2,308 3,500 2,256 932 26 2 22 62 56 335 2,053 432 134 2,469 3,675 2,208 887 23 52 25 41 18 201 495 133 692 300 366 30 10 112 181 132 27 228 160 15 ,842 Production (thousands of tons) 1921 19221 437 2,602 522 142 2,308 2,800 1,895 1,016 23 58 22 40 20 223 485 135 526 240 407 41 15 117 199 196 45 256 184 15,391 17 5 3 25 78 73 436 2,505 492 127 2,592 3,308 1,877 976 26 57 22 45 25 221 16,104 Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1921 1922 243 80 30 198 755 552 3,933 16,913 3,863 852 17,310 15 ,400 9,4 5,588 264 667 264 44S 200 2,074 2,862 1,215 4,524 1,560 2,442 451 165 585 1,791 315 1,152 1,288 101, 114,635 •Preliminary estimate. 740 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X CLOVER SEED. Table 49. — Clover seed: Acreage, production, and value, by States, 1921-2* and totals, 1916-1922. State and year Thousands of acres Average yield per acre (bushels) Production (thousands of bushels) Average farm price per bushel Nov. 15 Total value, basis Dec. 1 price (thousands of dollars) 1921 1922 i 1921 1922 1921 1922 1 1921 1922 1921 1922 1 New York Pennsylvania Ohio Indiana 9 18 172 57 143 115 98 74 108 17 9 3 18 4 18 18 8 11 18 206 100 210 150 127 72 132 21 8 4 21 5 20 16 5 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.7 8.0 5.0 3.0 2.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.5 2.2 1.8 6.0 4.5 1.0 17 25 206 68 200 172 167 155 173 29 20 7 34 7 144 90 24 28 25 227 120 315 240 229 151 224 36 22 6 46 9 120 72 5 $13.00 10.25 10.70 10.30 10.05 9.75 9.90 10.00 9.70 10.55 9.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 17.50 9.75 9.00 $10.00 10.00 10.70 9.80 9.60 10.50 10.20 9.40 10.40 9.00 10.00 8.00 10.70 11.00 10.00 9.70 12.00 221 256 2,204 700 2,010 1,677 1,653 1,550 1,678 306 . 180 63 340 77 2,520 878 216 280 250 2,429 1,176 3,024 2,520 Wisconsin Minnesota 2,336 1,419 2,330 Missouri 324 220 48 Kentucky Tennessee Mississippi 492 99 1,200 698 60 Total 889 1,126 1.7 1.7 1,538 1,875 10.75 10.08 16,529 18,905 1920 1,082 942 820 821 939 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1,944 1,484 1,197 1,488 1.706 11.95 26.75 19.80 12.84 9.18 23.227 1919 39,700 1918 23,705 1917 19,107 1916 15.661 Preliminary estimate. Table 50. — Clover seed: Farm price per bushel, 15th of each month, 1910-1922. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aver- age 1910 $8.26 8.27 10.89 9.41 7.99 8.51" 10.27 9 60 14.48 21.55 28.06 10.82 10.69 $8.26 8.37 12.22 10.28 8.07 8.60 10.47 9.87 16.46 21.79 31.21 10.61 11.88 $8.15 8.56 12.89 10.42 8.17 8.55 10.76 10.32 17.49 22.61 31.88 10.98 13.00 $7.91 8.79 12.91 11.00 8.06 8.36 10.58 10.41 17.86 24.81 32.23 10.80 13.13 $7.47 8.74 12.53 10.74 7.87 8.14 9.98 10.40 16.56 24.48 29.84 10.71 12.84 $7.24 8.80 11.69 9.77 7.96 7.90 9.47 10.29 15.88 23.37 26.21 10.20 11.60 $7.17 8.83 10.64 9.78 8.12 7.96 9.15 10.50 14.71 23.25 25.52 10.00 11.00 $7.53 9.65 9.80 9.37 8.76 7.94 9 12 10.53 15.2 24.33 19.97 10.37 9.88 $8.27 10.19 9.39 7.31 9.10 8.49 8.65 10.89 0 16.6 25.38 17.77 10.25 8.85 $8.13 10.33 9.37 7.00 8.24 9.70 8.54 11.92 1 19.0 26.47 13.18 10.21 9.66 $7.70 10.37 9.06 7.33 8.02 9.67 9.20 12.91 1 20.0 26.53 11.64 10.09 10.18 $7.94 10.62 9.00 7.70 8.12 10.01 9.40 13.53 320.67 27.63 10.28 10.38 10.88 $7.84 1911 9.29 1912 10.87 1913 9.18 1914 8.21 1915 8.65 1916 9.63 1917 10.93 1918 17.08 1919 24.35 -1920 23.15 1921 10.45 1922 11.13 Average, 1913- 1922 13.14 13.92 14.42 14.72 14.16 13.26 13.00 12.55 12.33 12.39 12.62 12.86 13.28 APPLES. T\ble 51. — Apples: Production and farm prices December 1, by States. 1918-1922. State Total crop thousands of bushels) Farm price per bushel Dec. 1 (cents) 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 2,010 1,155 990 2,430 189 999 40,878 2,463 16,080 714 2,034 10,068 5,856 3,588 1.407 1,713 7,005 1,794 3,459 9,792 2,811 996 1,584 4,245 273 525 1,503 2,799 4,050 1,662 4,829 1,364 960 3,187 334 1,395 14,350 1,666 5,513 606 1,519 8,943 4,189 2,000 216 417 2,976 1,190 4,673 5,844 1,545 1,336 1,810 5,132 168 907 1,835 1,281 1,259 577 218 44 487 1,600 7,164 850 30 3,418 1,100 125 760 53 3,800 25,295 6,921 8,200 1,680 1,200 993 3,575 390 2,375 47,087 2,942 18,584 822 2,600 13,744 8,040 6,320 440 1,270 13,960 4,596 5,866 16,500 2,250 1,350 4,410 4,724 180 797 1,144 5,022 4,280 1,186 190 34 274 585 3,900 825 18 2,830 434 80 1,064 36 3,420 21,502 4,158 6,000 4,060 700 600 1.125 63 758 13,500 667 2,208 68 225 570 420 593 293 698 3,390 1,029 2,381 6,317 1,050 900 630 480 126 125 172 636 754 890 145 35 274 486 120 975 19 3,200 483 47 1,037 24 4,500 29,062 6,667 6,500 1,250 775 960 3,010 200 1,300 36,000 2,610 11,400 980 1,800 8,360 5,625 5,570 383 1,135 7,298 4,148 9,720 11,850 2,024 1,020 4,410 9,400 263 1,620 3,280 5,070 4,250 1,098 216 37 2,640 1,140 2,400 610 45 4 ,250 750 77 1,085 35 3,900 25,678 6,300 7,656 95 110 140 160 155 155 112 160 120 125 110 124 117 130 205 165 153 180 185 115 155 209 206 164 235 230 190 170 156 170 ' "i60 201 140 210 "l70' 118 240 140 170 125 110 130 117 160 175 200 195 170 200 200 225 200 200 160 180 187 280 245 262 267 230 220 220 250 275 190 300 250 210 250 225 250 235 200 190 175 170 175 350 185 200 225 170 300 180 155 140 145 120 150 150 120 200 125 75 120 90 95 78 90 125 105 184 165 115 143 140 77 170 200 191 170 260 230 220 160 142 175 190 200 200 230 140 180 140 180 250 120 275 145 140 125 160 115 175 195 240 250 240 205 270 260 220 195 255 260 250 230 200 225 230 250 195 242 260 274 255 280 270 250 250 245 200 240 200 190 210 200 150 250 170 200 250 130 260 130 125 115 135 107 New Hampshire . . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania 135 160 145 110 120 81 95 96 90 Maryland 90 90 West Virginia North Carolina . . . South Carolina .... Georgia Ohio 102 90 140 100 130 Indiana 123 105 88 Wisconsin Minnesota 118 200 117 Missouri South Dakota 82 170 120 100 Kentucky Tennessee ..... 130 116 145 170 225 Texas 273 660 1,290 792 150 Oklahoma 135 102 100 200 2,067 912 138 786 75 New Mexico Arizona Utah 130 205 80 160 1,200 16,491 3,384 6,560 169,625 72 Washington LOO 95 California 90 United States 142,086 223,677 99,002 203,628 132.8 183 6 114 8 168.0 99.3 1 Preliminary estimate. Table 52. — Apples. Total aggregate production (bushels ) in the United States, 1889-1922. Year 1889: 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. Production 143,105,000 80,142,000 198,907,000 120,536,000 114,773,000 134,648,000 219,600,000 232,600,000 163,728,000 Year 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 Production 118,061,000 175,397,000 205,930,000 135,500,000 212,330,000 195,680,000 233,630,000 136,220,000 216.720.000 Year 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 l'.Ht Production 119,560,000 148,940,000 146,122,000 141,640,000 214,020,000 235,220,000 145,410,000 253,200,000 Year 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 Production 'Census figures '42 TWEXTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X LIVE STOCK, 1922 COMPILED IN THE U. S. BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS. PIORSES AND MULES. Table 53. — Horses and mules: Number and value on farms, January 1, 1922, and 1923, by States. Horses Number (thousands) Jan. 1 1922 19231 Average price per head Jan. 1 1922 1923 Farm value (thousands of dollars Jan. 1) [1922 19231 Mules Number (thousands) Jan. 1 1922 19231 Average price per head Jan. 1 1922 1923 Farm value (thousands of dollars) Jan. 1 1922 19231 99 38 787 703 1,207 594 656 905 1,305 879 813 784 910 1,019 374 315 130 211 173 971 708 247 670 202 421 177 135 128 48 '281 281 272 367 91 35 76 47 6 36 510 72 491 25 136 300 161 166 70 38 771 696 1,183 594 643 887 1,305 870 797 760 901 1,019 374 $125.00 114.00 110.00 135.00 138.00 135.00 117.00 133.00 112.00 66.00 87.00 84.00 89.00 108.00 88.00 76.00 115.00 99.00 81.00 69.00 94.00 93.00 76.00 73.00 52.00 55.00 49.00 56.00 48.00 68.00 75.00 76.00 70.00 77.00 58.00 45.00 57.00 41.00 39.00 54.00 50.00 68.00 70.00 47.00 63.00 70.00 76.00 82.00 §122.00 114.00 104.00 138.00 133.00 128.00 115 00 129 00 110 00 78 00 86.00 82.00 90.00 108.00 92.00 83.00 105.00 93.00 74.00 70.00 92.00 104.00 77.00 79.00 52.00 56.00 52.00 58.00 45.00 65.00 73.00 78.00 72.00 71.00 53.00 40.00 53.00 38.00 33.00 46.00 45.00 62.00 69.00 55.00 58.00 70.00 81.00 81.00 11 ,500 4,104 8,360 6,480 828 4,995 60,840 9,576 55,552 1,716 11,919 25,200 14,329 17,928 6,424 7,524 4,370 77,913 56,943 83 ,283 55,836 61 ,008 68,780 95,265 45,708 44,715 38,416 50,960 48,912 25,432 23,625 9,880 14,770 13,321 56,318 31 ,860 14,079 27,470 7,878 22,734 8,850 9,180 8,960 2,256 17,703 19,670 20,672 30,094 11,102 3,990 7,904 6,486 798 4,608 58,650 9,288 54,010 1,950 11,696 24,600 14,490 17,928 6,440 7,885 3,990 71 ,703 51 ,504 82,810 54,648 66,872 68,299 103 ,095 45,240 44,632 39,520 52,258 45,855 24,310 22 ,557 10,062 15,192 12,141 51 ,463 28,600 13,091 24,434 6,534 19,550 8,145 8,370 8,832 2,695 15,834 19,460 22,032 29 ,403 83 96 15 257 215 394 •12 31 101 168 6 4 10 90 377 14 114 307 2S7 343 811 302 176 863 337 335 9 •5133.00 151.00 124.00 88.00 115.00 105.00 97.00 129.00 129.00 99.00 148.00 100.00 84.00 75.00 98.00 98.00 79.00 78.00 65.00 72.00 70.00 70.00 59.00 82.00 86.00 94.00 92.00 118.00 85.00 65.00 79.00 69.00 61.00 69.00 72.00 89.00 66.00 53.00 73.00 88.00 81.00 102.00 SI 33. 00 131.00 125.00 88.00 111.00 103.00 102.00 128.00 124.00 105.00 138.00 97.00 77.00 77.00 99.00 103.00 82.00 80.00 63.00 69.00 68.00 70.00 58.00 76.00 84.00 99.00 93.00 113.00 80.00 58.00 73.00 60.00 58.00 60.00 66.00 76.00 62.00 61.00 65.00 83.00 76.00 103.00 5 931 906 6,572 792 3,795 10,080 1,455 33,153 27,735 39,006 6,216 3,100 8,484 12,600 588 392 790 7,020 24,505 576 980 7,840 17,759 24,026 29,756 28,106 27,232 21,004 72,590 21 ,905 25,912 621 183 2,208 1,512 1,068 198 106 584 1,936 1,134 6,222 5 931 786 6,875 792 3,663 9,991 1,530 33,280 25,916 40,950 5,934 3,104 7,777 13,090 594 412 820 8,080 23,499 552 952 7,980 17,806 21,812 28,812 30,789 28,086 19,888 69 ,040 19,546 24,455 540 174 1,386 912 122 1,826 1,064 6,283 19,056 18,853 70.54 '.75 1,344,136 1,314,956 5,467 5,506 88.09 85.86 481 ,578 472,735 Preliminary estimate. CROP STATISTICS 743 CATTLE. Table 54.— Cattle: Number and value on farms January /. 19.22 and 1923, by States. Milk cows Other cattle Average Average Number price Farm value Number price Farm value State (thousands) per head (thousands of (thousands) per head (thousands of Jan. 1 Jan. 1 dollars) Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 dollars) Jan. 1 1922 19231 1922 1923 1922 1923 1 1922 19231 1922 1923 1922 1923 1 Maine 212 121 216 126 $48.00 60.00 S55.00 59.00 $ 10,176 7,260 $ 11,880 7,434 67 41 64 34 S20.20 22.70 S23.00 25.50 S 1,353 931 5 1,472 N. Hampshire . 867 Vermont 367 385 55.00 56.00 20,185 21,560 84 82 16.80 18.80 1,411 1,542 Massachusetts 180 189 79.00 74.00 14,220 13 ,986 42 39 28.20 25.70 1,184 1,002 Rhode Island . . 26 27 79.00 84.00 2,054 2,268 7 7 31.20 30.20 218 211 Connecticut . . . 138 141 74.00 78.00 10,212 10,998 39 38 29.70 29.50 1,158 1,121 New York .... 1,695 1,678 67.00 63.00 113,565 105,714 402 410 24.70 24.50 9,929 10,045 New Jersey . . . 151 153 86.00 87.00 12,986 13,311 31 32 37.60 38.80 1,166 1,242 Pennsylvania . . 1,071 1,071 60.00 60.00 64,260 64,260 491 506 29.00 29.00 14,239 14,674 Delaware 39 40 57.00 55.00 2,223 2,200 9 10 26.90 29.00 242 290 Maryland 192 194 63.00 60.00 12 ,096 11,640 98 101 33.20 35.20 3,254 3,555 Virginia 426 430 43.00 42.50 18,318 18,275 438 469 24.70 27.30 10,819 12 ,804 West Virginia . . 216 222 49.50 48.00 10,692 10,656 354 365 28.60 33.90 10,124 12,374 North Carolina 365 365 42.00 39.00 15,330 14,235 274 274 17.30 17.10 4,740 4,685 South Carolina 230 228 40.00 35.00 9,200 7,980 195 189 13.80 12.50 2,691 2,362 Georgia 509 509 29.00 28.00 14,761 14,252 686 700 10.90 11.00 7,477 7,700 Florida 95 97 57.50 56.00 5,462 5,432 771 774 16.10 16.00 12,461 12 ,384 Ohio 1,048 727 1,069 742 56.00 53.00 56.00 53.00 58,688 38,531 59 ,864 39,326 832 778 857 794 29.70 30.00 31.70 32.40 24,710 23 ,340 27,167 Indiana 25,726 Illinois 1,125 1,148 52.00 56.00 58,500 64,288 1,432 1,561 29.30 34.00 41,1)56 53,074 Michigan 967 977 53.00 55.00 51,251 53,735 576 611 21.80 24.50 12,557 14,970 Wisconsin 2,195 2,195 52.00 57.00 114,140 125,115 885 876 19.60 22.40 17,346 19,622 Minnesota 1,578 1,641 48.00 47.00 75,744 77,127 1,343 1,289 18.00 20.40 24,174 26,296 1,115 769 1,160 777 53.00 44.00 58.00 45.00 59,095 33,836 67,280 34,965 3,134 1,890 3,479 2,003 29.60 26.50 35.20 28.70 92,766 50 ,085 122,461 Missouri 57,486 North Dakota . 484 503 43.00 44.00 20,812 22,132 848 814 18.50 21.40 15,688 17,420 South Dakota . 417 450 47.00 51.00 19,599 22,950 1,601 1,521 24.20 29.40 38,744 44,717 Nebraska 553 570 53.00 57.00 29,309 32 ,490 2,477 2,700 27.40 31.80 67,870 85 ,860 Kansas 709 716 46.00 46.00 32,614 32,936 2,282 2,487 24.50 27.20 55,909 67,646 Kentucky 520 530 40.00 40.00 20,800 21,200 511 526 20.00 22.80 10,220 11,993 Tennessee 495 495 35.00 34.00 17,325 16,830 597 627 15.20 15.70 9,074 9,844 Alabama 506 516 29.00 27.00 14,674 13,932 515 515 10.00 9.60 5,150 4,944 Mississippi. . . . 541 541 30.00 27.00 16,230 14,607 677 677 10.80 9.50 7,312 6,432 Louisiana 220 216 43.00 38.00 9,460 8,208 591 585 15.20 14 70 8,983 8,600 1,073 560 1,052 566 43.00 39.00 36.00 34.00 46,139 21 ,840 37,7^2 19,244 5,363 1,421 5,041 1,364 19.90 17.50 18.60 16.80 106,724 24,868 93,763 Oklahoma 22,915 Arkansas 516 516 29.00 24.00 14,964 12,384 549 516 10.90 8.80 5,984 4,541 Montana 160 165 58.00 55.00 9,280 • 9 ,075 1,260 1 ,235 27.20 30.90 34,272 38,162 Wyoming 44 46 71.00 67.00 3,124 3,082 852 835 29.70 30.70 25,304 25,634 Colorado 243 253 57.00 53.00 13,851 13,409 1,361 1,361 26 40 25 . 40 35 ,930 34 ,569 New Mexico . . . 48 47 60.00 50.00 2,880 2,350 1,132 838 24.90 21.90 28,187 18,352 Arizona 40 46 95.00 93.00 3,800 4,278 1,050 1,050 26.90 31.40 •2N,245 32,970 Utah 87 19 90 21 61.00 69.00 63.00 74.00 5,307 1,311 5,670 1,554 433 346 455 356 26.40 30.40 27.40 32.70 11,431 10,518 12,467 Nevada 11,641 Idaho 153 162 65.00 63.00 9,945 10,206 521 542 27.50 26.80 14,328 14,526 Washinton 289 283 70.00 61.00 20,230 17,263 261 253 28.30 26.40 7,386 6,679 OregOL 216 220 62.00 60.00 13,392 13,200 621 626 29.70 28.20 18,414 17,653 California 632 645 76.00 76.00 48,032 49 ,020 1 ,381 1,435 34.70 34.70 47,886 49,794 United States 24,082 24,429 50.83 50.83 1,227,703 1,241,673 41,550 41,923 23.80 25.67 988,760 1,076,254 Preliminary estimate. 44 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X SHEEP. Table 55. — Sheep: 'Number and value on farms January 1, 1921-1923. State Number (thousands) Jan. 1 Average price per head Jan. 1 Farm value (thousands of dollars) Jan. 1 1921 1922 1923 1 1921 1922 1923 1921 1922 1923 i Maine. 100 24 58 17 3 10 550 10 478 3 93 335 485 89 23 69 63 1,977 606 561 1,161 432 468 1,005 1,158 272 675 521 321 651 349 79 148 124 3,047 91 96 1,973 2,350 2,306 2,468 1,200 2,200 1,100 2,623 555 2,025 2,500 95 20 48 17 3 9 512 10 468 3 89 322 480 84 23 70 64 1,957 606 516 1,115 367 445 775 1,042 250 689 596 285 631 340 83 142 124 3,077 91 90 2,270 2,420 2,054 2,343 1,100 2,250 1,190 2,492 500 1,860 2,310 90 18 43 16 3 8 532 10 477 3 93 338 504 81 23 66 63 2,094 648 516 1,171 341 400 829 1,105 240 703 733 314 675 340 90 142 122 2,862 87 81 2,315 2,396 2,444 2,062 1,155 2,340 1,119 ■ 2,642 520 1,953 2,402 $5.50 7.30 6.70 9.50 9.60 9.90 7.50 10.50 7.60 7.40 8.00 7.50 6.40 6.60 3.70 4.20 3.50 5.70 6.70 6.90 6.80 6.40 6.10 6.90 6.00 5.70 5.60 6.00 5.90 6.40 5,80 4,40 3.40 3.80 6.10 6.20 4.20 5.80 6.30 5.30 5.90 7.00 6.50 7.60 6.30 6.90 6.70 6.80 $4.80 5.60 5.00 6.60 6.30 7.50 5.80 7.40 5.80 6.00 6.20 5.60 4.80 4.90 3.00 2.70 3.10 4.60 5.20 5.30 5.20 4.60 4.70 5.40 4.50 4.60 4.50 5.20 4.80 5.00 4,00 2,70 3.00 2.80 3.40 4.30 2.90 4.70 5.50 4.60 3.90 4.90 4.90 5.30 6.00 5.40 4.50 5.30 $6.70 7.80 7.00 6.90 7.90 7.80 8.50 7.50 7.10 7.40 7.50 7.60 6.90 5.60 4.20 3.00 3.50 7.10 8.00 7.90 8.00 7.50 7.20 8.40 7.10 7.30 7.70 8.10 7.30 7.00 5,50 3,40 2.60 2.90 5.20 5.80 3.10 8.70 9.00 7.60 6.40 6.30 8.90 8.90 8.30 8.00 6.40 8.10 550 175 389 162 30 95 4,125 105 3,633 22 744 2,512 3,104 587 85 290 220 11,269 4,060 3,871 7,895 2,765 2.855 6,934 6,948 1,550 3,780 3,126 1,894 4,166 2,024 348 503 471 18,587 564 403 11,443 14,805 12,222 14,561 8,400 14,300 8,360 16,525 3,830 13.568 17,000 456 112 240 112 19 68 2,970 74 2,714 18 552 1,803 2,304 412 69 189 198 9,002 3,151 2,735 5,798 1,688 2,092 4,185 4,689 1,150 3,100 3,099 1,368 3,155 1,360 224 426 347 10,462 391 261 10, 669 13,310 9,448 9,138 5,390 11,025 6,307 14,952 2,700 8,370 12,243 603 New Hampshire 140 Vermont ... 301 Massachusetts 110 Rhode Island 24 Connecticut . 62 New York . 4,522 New Jersey 75 Pennsylvania , . . Delaware... 3,387 22 Maryland 698 Virginia 2,569 West Virginia 3,478 North Carolina 454 South Carolina 97 Georgia „ Florida. 198 220 Ohio 14,86 Indiana ... 5,184 Illinois. . . 4,076 9,368 Wisconsin 2,558 Minnesota 2,880 Iowa 6,964 Missouri. . 7,846 North Dakota South Dakota 1.752 5,413 Nebraska 5,937 Kansas . .. 2,292 Kentucky. 4,725 Tennessee. 1,870 Alabama 306 Mississippi ... 369 Louisiana 354 Texas . .. 14,882 Oklahoma. . 505 Arkansas. . . . 251 Montana 20, 140 Wyoming . . . 21,564 18,574 New Mexico 13,197 Arizona 7,276 Utah 20,826 Nevada Idaho ... 9.959 21,929 Washington Oregon 4,160 12,499 19,456 37,452 36,327 37,209 6.30 4.80 7.50 235,855 174,545 278.939 Preliminary estimate. CROP STATISTICS 745 WOOL. Table 56. — Wool: Estimated production. 1920-1922. State Production (000 omitted) Weight per fleece Number of fleeces (000 omitted) 1920 1921 1922 1920 1921 1922 1920 1921 1922 Maine 760 182 430 95 14 63 3,291 60 3,582 17 562 1,596 2,500 420 101 165 157 14,500 3,654 3,974 8,385 3,219 2,660 5,966 7,552 1,899 4,804 1,886 2,087 3,000 1,462 292 475 600 18,200 477 394 16,000 21,000 6,888 10,600 4,800 16, 150 7,500 18,650 5,201 14,435 14,300 600 161 365 102 18 60 2,941 55 3,403 13 440 1,541 2,300 395 97 160 150 13,200 3,458 3,496 7,714 2,701 2,340 5,369 5,202 1,633 4,324 1,641 1,878 2,600 1,320 189 470 508 18,000 482 355 16,400 23,684 6,839 10,100 5,616 16,500 7,000 16,800 4,421 14,435 14,070 589 128 312 102 19 54 2,882 55 3,437 12 449 1,607 2,346 395 102 157 157 13,596 3,527 3,426 7,868 2,446 2,457 5,208 5.098 1,715 4,021 1,395 1,690 2,678 1,294 185 446 525 19,300 458 344 15,416 22,500 6,976 9,600 6,000 15,984 6,580 15,000 4,112 12,992 13,455 6.4 6.5 7.2 6.5 6.1 5.6 6.9 7.0 6.5 5.8 6.0 4.6 5.0 4.2 4.5 3.2 3.2 7.4 7.0 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.1 7.7 6.8 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.5 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.6 3.9 7.0 7.2 4.5 7.9 8.3 6.7 6.3 6.5 7.8 7.3 8.1 8.7 8.4 7.6 6.0 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.7 6.0 6.4 3.5 6.0 4.6 4.9 4.2 3.5 2.8 3.1 7.2 7.0 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.5 6.5 7.7 7.2 7.4 7.0 4.7 4.5 3.0 3.5 3.7 7.7 7.3 4.3 8.3 8.2 7.0 6.4 6.0 8.0 7.3 8.0 8.8 8.6 7.5 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.8 5.8 6.7 5.8 6.4 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.0 2.9 3.2 7.4 7.0 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.9 6.6 7.9 7.5 8.0 7.5 5.0 4.5 3.5 3.0 3.7 7.2 7.3 4.5 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 7.4 6.5 7.8 7.7 7.5 6.9 119 28 60 15 2 11 477 9 551 3 94 347 500 100 22 52 49 1,959 522 509 1.103 435 375 775 1,111 253 686 236 278 600 305 73 132 154 2,600 66 88 2,025 2,530 1,028 1,683 738 2,071 1,027 2,302 598 1.718 1,882 100 24 58 17 3 10 439 9 532 4 73 335 469 94 28 57 48 1,833 494 460 1,071 386 325 716 800 212 601 222 268 553 293 63 134 137 2,338 66 83 1,976 2,288 977 1,578 936 2,062 959 2,100 502 1,678 1,876 95 New Hampshire Vermont 20 48 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut 17 3 9 New York 424 New Jersey 9 Pennsylvania Delaware 513 2 Maryland 70 Virginia 328 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 479 88 26 54 Florida 49 Ohio 1,837 Indiana 504 Illinois Michigan . . . 457 1.078 Wisconsin. . . 335 Minnesota 341 Iowa 659 Missouri 772 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 217 536 174 Kansas 225 Kentucky 536 Tennessee 288 Alabama Mississippi 53 149 Louisiana .... 142 Texas 2,681 Oklahoma 63 Arkansas 76 Montana 1.927 2,812 Colorado 1.073 1,600 Arizona £23 Utah 2.160 1.012 1,923 534 1,732 California 1,950 United States. . 235,005 225,546 219,095 7.3 7.4 7.1 32,301 30,287 31,003 i Preliminary estimate. •k; TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X SWINE. Table 57. — Swine: Number and value on farms January I. t921~1923, by States. States Number (thousands) Jan. 1 Average price per head Jan. 1 Farm value (thousands of dollars) Jan. 1 1921 1922 1923 1921 1922 1923 1921 1922 1923 Maine 73 33 63 83 12 55 559 126 1,143 37 291 847 293 1,246 853 2,030 740 2,806 3,532 4,129 1,084 1,676 2,262 7,471 3,656 431 1,759 3,505 1,837 1,278 1,594 1,347 1,195 749 2,426 1,213 1,268 160 68 414 90 48 "90 25 206 236 240 818 69 30 53 76 12 47 520 132 1,143 41 285 754 293 1,258 938 2,131 725 2,862 3,567 4,046 1,051 1,659 2,330 8,218 3,915 435 1,935 3,680 2,275 1,214 1,546 1,307 1,183 756 2,475 1,334 1,125 180 73 455 94 50 90 25 196 197 220 834 68 28 59 72 12 45 546 132 1,200 43 299 792 316 1,271 947 2,152 703 3,091 4,102 4,693 1,135 1,725 2,610 9,615 4,306 478 2,283 4,232 2., 776 1,311 1,654 1,281 1,207 756 2,326 1,401 1,114 198 84 523 89 57 108 25 235 217 231 876 $21.00 20.00 14.80 20.50 21.00 20.00 17.50 20.00 17.50 16.00 13.00 11.50 14.00 15.70 13.50 11.50 10.00 13.30 13.00 13.70 14.30 14.50 15.30 14.50 11.00 14.00 13.50 13.50 12.00 9.90 9.50 10.00 9.50 11.70 11.80 10.30 8.80 16.50 14.00 12.30 15.00 16.00 13.00 11.00 12.50 15.00 12.80 14.50 $14.70 15.00 12.40 16.30 17.50 17.00 14.50 17.00 14.50 10.00 11.50 9.60 10.80 12.00 9.20 8.60 7.00 10.90 11.00 10.50 11.30 10.50 11.20 s 11.00 8.50 11.00 10.00 10.00 9.50 7.50 8.00 8.60 8.00 8.60 8.50 8.50 7.10 13.10 12.00 9.60 9.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 11.00 12.50 10.70 11.70 $18.30 17.00 14.00 17.00 18.10 17.70 15.50 17.50 16.00 11.00 13.00 10.50 12.30 13.30 11.00 7.80 7.50 12.10 11.90 12.50 12.50 13.10 13.20 12.80 9.80 13.50 13.50 12.00 11.00 8.80 9.30 9.30 8.00 7.80 8.80 8.80 6.90 13.20 12.50 10.50 10.00 13.00 10.90 14.00 11.50 14.80 11.20 11.80 1,533 660 932 1,702 252 1,100 9,782 2,530 20,002 592 3,783 9,740 4,102 19,562 11,516 23,345 7,400 37,320 45,916 56,567 15,501 24,302 34,609 108.330 40,216 6,034 23,746 47,318 22,044 12,652 15,143 13,470 11,352 8,763 28,627 12,494 11,158 2,640 952 5,092 1,350 768 1,170 275 2,575 3,540 3,072 11.861 1,014 450 657 1,239 210 799 7,540 2,244 16,574 410 3,278 7,238 3,164 15,096 8,630 18,327 5,075 31,196 39,237 42,483 11,876 17,420 26,096 90,398 33,278 4,785 19,350 36,800 21,612 9,105 12,368 11,240 9,464 6,502 21,038 11,339 7,988 2,358 876 4,368 864 600 900 250 2,156 2,462 2,354 9,758 1,244 New Hampshire Vermont 476 826 1,224 Rhode Island 217 Connecticut 796 New York 8,463 2,310 19,200 Delaware 473 Maryland 3,887 8,316 West Virginia 3,887 North Carolina 16,904 South Carolina 10,417 Georgia 16,786 Florida 5,272 Ohio 37,401 Indiana 48,814 58,662 Michigan 14,188 Wisconsin 22,598 Minnesota 34,452 Iowa 123,072 Missouri 42,199 North Dakota 6,453 South Dakota 30,820 Nebraska 50, 784 Kansas 30,536 Kentucky 11,537 Tennessee 15,382 Alabama 11,913 Mississippi 9,656 Louisiana 5,897 Texas 20,469 Oklahoma . 12,329 Arkansas 7,687 Montana 2,614 Wyoming 1,050 Colorado 5,492 890 Arizona . . . 741 Utah 1,177 Nevada 350 Idaho 2,702 Washington . . . 3,212 Oregon 2,587 California . 10,337 United States.... 56,097 57,834 63.424 12.97 10.07 11.46 727,380 582,448 726,699 1 Preliminary estimate INDEX Advertising — Budget for Iowa State Fair 143 Agricultural Convention — Address by President Cameron 71-74 Address by Dean C. F. Curtiss 187-189 Address by L. R. Fairall a 182-186 Address by Attorney General Ben J. Gibson 173-177 Address by Chas. D. Reed 161-164 Address by Prof R. C. Taff 166-173 Address by H. O. Weaver 177-182 Election of Officers 193-198 Report of Committee on Credentials 189-191 Report of 'Committee on Resolutions 192 Report of Secretary 74-98 County fair advertising costs 97-98 Fairs receiving county aid 96 Financial statement of county fairs 86-89 Receipts of county fairs 82-85 Total number of stock and poultry exhibitors 90-93 Total paid admissions county fairs 94-95 Treasurer's report 157-160 Alfalfa- Iowa statistics by years 695 Apples — U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 741 Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 327-333 Baby Health. Department — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 363, 361 Barley — Iowa statistics by years 689 Map yield 668 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 726-728 Bees — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 325-326 Boys and Girls' Club Work — Awards, Iowa State Fair 246, 350-356 Awards, see Junior department of Iowa State Fair Boys' club tour 134, 135 Comment 133 Dining Hall 136 Finances 136 Girls' club tour 134 Judging contest 356 Livestock demonstration 135 Team judging contest 356 Butter- Awards Iowa State Fair 1922 326 Creamery butter 411-413 Production 406-411 Canning — Association 437-441 Industry 436 Sweet corn packed, amount by states 441 Table of Iowa canning plants ■ 442 748 INDEX Cattle- Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair: Aberdeen Angus 226 Ayrshires 242-243 Fat Aberdeen Angus 245-246 Fat Herefords 244-245 Fat Shorthorns 244 Galloway 232 Guernsey ! 239-240 Herefords 222-225 Holstein 233 Iowa Guernsey Specials 241 Iowa Hereford Specials 225 Iowa Holstein Specials 235-236 Iowa Jersey Specials 238-239 Iowa Red Polled Specials 231-232 Jersey „ 236-238 Milking Shorthorns 220-221 Polled Shorthorns 229 Red Polled 220-221 Shorthorns 216-220 Beef cattle demonstration awards 356 Boys and girls' judging contest 251 Boys and girls' calf feeding contest 246-251 iCattle show, Iowa State Fair, 1922 123 Exhibitors in counties 90-91 Press comment, Iowa State Fair, 1922 112-113 Table showing number on farms 678-681 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 743 Clover — Average yield by counties in Iowa 674-677 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 740 Corn — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 306-309 Junior department awards 350 Map Iowa yield 660 Statistics, Iowa crop by years 685 Table, Iowa yield by counties 656-659 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 696-704 Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association — Address by Hon. L. V. Carter 529-534 Address by Dean C. F. Curtiss 467-474 Address by S. W. Doty 479-482 Address by Knute Espe 459-466 Address by Mr. Gunn 539-540 Address by C. L. Harlan 493-500 Address by J. N. Horlacher 458-459 Address by Prof. E. G. Nourse 482-493 Address by President A. Sykes 450-458 Banquet — Address by Clifford Thorne 513-525 Address by Hon. Henry C. Wallace 503-512 Address by Hon. Jas. B. Weaver 525^528 Discussion, conservation of soil 534-537 Discussion, feeding mixtures 474-478 Discussion, live stock meat board 540-545 Report of auditing committee 539 Report of secretary 537-538 Resolutions 545-548 Suggestions on baby beef feeding 549-560 INDEX 749 County Exhibits- Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 316 Creamery statistics 448-449 Crops — Average crop yield 634-637 Average price from products 638-641 Average yield per acre 645 Average yield, potatoes, popcorn, timothy, clover, flax 674-677 Bulletins 611-624 Estimates of Iowa 626-628 Iowa weather and crop review 609-611 Map yield of Iowa, corn, oats, winter wheat, spring wheat, rye, alfalfa, sown crops, barley and potatoes 660-673 Miscellaneous table, Iowa 629 Miscellaneous table for world 642-644 Statistics by years, Iowa crops 685-695 Statistics, yield corn, wheat and barley 656-659 Tabulated crop summary 629 Tabulated Summary 1922, Iowa 165 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture, crop statistics, 1922 696-741 Culinary Department — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 317-325 Dairy Commissioner- Activities 4H0 Average price of eggs through year 426 Breeders' associations 425 Breeders' tests 421-423 Butter and cheese awards at 1922 Iowa State Fair 326 Butter mark 415-420 Calf club 424-425 Canners' association 437-441 Canning industry 436 Cheese 415 Commercial feed stuff 443-445 Condensed milk 414-415 Creamery butter 411-413 Creamery statistics 44S-449 Egg law 425 Enforcement of sanitary food law 4:7-430 Exchange bureau 425 Fees received, 1922 447 Ice cream 414 Insecticides and fungicides 445 Laboratories 446 Report 405 State milk inspectors 446 Sweet corn packed, amount by states 441 Table of Iowa canning plants 442 Total inspections made 447 Weight of pound, peck and quart 435 Weights and measures 430-435 Educational Department — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 356-363 Eggs- Average price through year 426 Law 425 Number dozen eggs produced by counties in Iowa 678-681 Farms — Statistics 649-650 Table of size of farms, homes, automobiles, apples, silage .... 653-656 750 INDEX Farm Bureau Federation Convention — Address by O. E. Bradfute 387-389 Address by Senator Brookbart 378-382 Address by Secretary Cunningbam 369-374 Address by E. H. Cunningbam 397-403 Address by Mrs. Gene Cutler 384-387 Address by President C. W. Hunt 366-368 Address by C. B. Hutcbmgs 374-378 Address by Dwigbt N. Lewis 382-384 Address by Dr. R. A. Pearson 392-397 Address by A. Sykes 389-392 Farm Bureau Day at 1922 Iowa State Fair 125 Officials and committees 403-404 Press comment 116-119 Woman's part of Farm Bureau Day 1922 Iowa State Fair 126-129 Flax- Average yield by county in Iowa , 674-677 Statistics by years in Iowa 692 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 732-735 Fruit department — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair- Apples 327-"333 Grapes 334 Junior department apples 350 Peacbes 333 Pears 333 Plums 334 Gladioli — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 336-337 Goat department — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair- Nubian 283 Saanens 284 Toggenburg 283 Grain — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 309-311 Grass — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 309-310 Hay- Map yield Iowa 670-672 Statistics by years Iowa 693-694 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 739 Horses — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair- Belgians 201-204 Clydesdales 206-209 Combined Harness and Saddle 211 English Shire 204-206 Gig 210 Hackney 211 High steppers and park horses 210 Ladies' turnout 210 Percherons 199-201 Ponies, Hackney 214 Ponies, in harness 214 Ponies, under saddle 214 Ponies, Shetland 213 Ponies, Welsh 213 Runabouts 210 Saddle 211 Tandem 211 INDEX 751 Exhibitors in counties 90-91 Horse Show admissions State Fair 151 Horse show 123 Number of exhibitors 1921, 1922 Iowa State Fair 152 Press comment 113 Table, number in Iowa by counties 678-681 TJ. S. Bureau of Agriculture world statistics 742 Horseshoe tournament, state and national- Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 364-365 Discussion of 9-17 Press comment 1 1 9 Iowa Fair Managers Association Address by M. E. Bacon 47-53 Address by C. E. Beman , . 62-64 Address by A. R. Corey 59-61 Address by E. J. Curtin 53-57 Address by Dr. Peter Malcolm 45-46 Address by Mr. Wilkinson 66-67 Address by E. W. Williams 65-66 Audit Report 34-35 Discussion of County Fair questions 36. 44-67, 70 Election of officers 58-59 Report of Credentials committee 57-58 Reports of Resolutions committee 64-65 Secretary's report 35 Treasurer's report 34 Iowa State Board of Agriculture — Executive committee meetings 1, 6,' 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 32 Meetings of 3, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 25 Special committee meetings 1-24 Iowa State Fair — Audit committee meetings 25 Balance sheet 160 Budget for 1922 Iowa State Fair 149 Budget presented 5-21 Cash premiums paid 154-155 Comment 99-105 Comparative statement of ticket sales 1921, 1922 147 Contracts closed for attractions 2, 7, 8, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19 Financial summary of 1921 138 Grand Stand admissions 151 Horseshoe tournament 9-17 Improvements 137 Insurance in force 156 Inventory 158-159 Inventory of property 26 Live stock and horse show admissions 151 Maintenance of grounds and buildings 137 Number exhibitors in each department 152 Premiums paid 14S . Premium lists revised \ 3-4 Press comment — Breeders Gazette 130-133 Iowa Homestead 105-123 Project exhibits at Iowa State Fair 136 Purses in speed department > 150-151 Receipts and disbursements by years 154-155 Report of secretary 74-98 Report of treasurer 157 Statement of expense , 149 Statement of receipts 148 Statement of receipts and disbursements 139-146 752 INDEX Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau — Average crop yield 634-637 Average price of farm products 638-641 Average yield per acre 645 Climatology of 1922 563-564 Comparative data for state 603 Crop bulletin 611-624 Crop estimates 630-633 Estimates of Iowa crops 626-628 Iowa weather and crop review 609-611 Miscellaneous table by coun ies 624-644 Miscellaneous table 629 Monthly comparative data 602 Monthly state data 604 Monthly summaries 564-601 Organization and work of bureau 561-563 Precipitation map 606 Prevailing wind map 605 Report of Mississippi flood, April, 1922 575 Tabulated crop summary 629 Tornado data 608 Tornado path map 607 U. S. Crop Summary 646-647 Weekly weather table 625 Junior department, Iowa State Fair — Apple awards 350 Boys and Girls' Club awards — Calf-feeding contest 246-251 Beef club demonstration judging contest 356 Poultry club 302-306, 356 Pig club 268-272, 356 Sheep club 284-285, 356 Corn awards 350 Garden exhibit awards 351 Morrow, Willison W. — Memoriam of 11 Mules — Awards at 1922 Iowa State Fair 215-216 Table, number on farms 678-681 U. S. Bureau Agriculture statistics by states 742 Nuts — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 336 Oats- Map yield 661 Statistics by years 688 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture, state and world statistics 705-714 Pop corn — Average yield by counties in state 674-677 Potatoes — Average yield by counties in state 674-677 Awards at 1922 Iowa State Fair 311 Map, yield 673 Statistics by years 691 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture statistics by states and world. .. .736-738 Poultry — Awards at 1922 Iowa State Fair — Rabbits 301-302 Poultry 285-301 Boys and Girls' Poultry department 302-306 Exhibitors in counties 90-91 INDEX 753 Poultry club demonstration awards 356 Poultry show 124-125 Press comment 115-116 Statistics by counties 67S-681 Rye- Map yield 669 Statistics by years 690 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture states and world statistics 729-731 Shearing Events — See Wool — Sheep — Awards at 1922 Iowa State Fair- Cheviot 281 Cotswold 274-276 Dorset 280 Lincoln and Leicester > 276 Merino 273-274 Oxford Downs 279, 280 Rambouillet 274 Southdowns 280 Shropshire 277-279 Boys and Girls' Sheep department 284-285 Exhibitors in counties 90-91 Press comment 115 Sheep club awards 356. Statistics by counties 678-681 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture statistics 744 Sheldon, F. E — Elected as Treasurer of Board of Agriculture 13 Resignation from Board of Agriculture 13 Spelling Contest — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 365 Swine — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair— Berkshires 264-265 Chester Whites 257-259 Duroc Jerseys 254 Hampshires 259-262 Poland Chinas 252-254 Spotted Poland Chinas 262-264 Tamworths 265-267 Yorkshires 267-268 Boys and Girls' Pig Club 268-272 Exhibitors in counties 90-91 Graph of decrease in swine lost by cholera 684 Number lost by cholera 682-684 Number of exhibitors 153 Pig club demonstration awards 356 Press comment 114 Swine show 123 Table, number on farms 678-689 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture statistics 746 Textile and China department- - Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 337-356 Timothy- Average yield by counties 674-677 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture — Statistics — Crops by states and world 696-741 Live stock by states and world 741-746 754 INDEX Vegetables — Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 313-316 Wheat— M9 aao Map yield b " ^ Statistics by years 686-687 U. S. Bureau of Agriculture statistics 715-725 Wool- Awards 1922 Iowa State Fair 281-282 Shearing awards • • • 282 Total pounds clipped by counties 678-681 r. S. Bureau of Agriculture statistics 745 '