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DA

J4>S

IRISH

LOCAL NAMES

EXPLAINED,

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BY

OYCE, LL.D., M.R.I.A.

Cpiallam cimceall na pobla

DUBLIN M. H. GILL AND SON

LONDON : WHITTAKER & CO., SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO. EDINBURGH : JOHN MENZIES & CO.

1902.

q zo

WORKS BY P. W. JOYCE, LL.D.

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PEEFACE.

.' HAVE condensed into this little Tolume a consi- lerable part of the local etymologies contained n " The Origin and History of Irish Xames of Places." I have generally selected those names that are best known through the country, and I have thought it better to arrange them in alpha- betical order.

The book has been written in the hope that it may prove useful, and perhaps not uninteresting, to those who are anxious for information on the subject, but who have not the opportunity of perusing the larger volume.

Soon after the appearance of "The Origin and History of Irish Names of Places," I received from correspondents in various parts of Ireland commimications more or less valuable on the topo- graphy, legends, or antiquities of their respective localities. I take this opportunity of soliciting further information from those who are able to give it, and who are aimous to assist in the advancement of Irish literature.

IRISH LOCAL NAMES EXPLAINED.

THE PROCESS OF ANGLICISING.

1. Ststemattc Chajtges.

Irish pronunciatt'on preserved. — In anglicising Irish names, the leading general rule is, that the present forms are derived from the ancient Irish, as they were spoken, not as they were written. Those who first committed them to writing, aimed at preserving the original pronunciation, hy representing it as nearly as they were able in English letters.

Generally speaking, this principle explains the altera- tions that were made in the spelling of names, in the process of reducing them from ancient to modem forms; and allowing for the difficulty of representing Irish words by English letters, it will be found that, on the whole, the ancient pronunciation is fairly preserved-

Aspiration. — The most common causes of change in the reduction of Irish names, are aspiration and eclipsis. Some of the Irish consonants are, in certain situations, Bubject to what is called aspiration ; it is indicated by the letter A, and it always changes the sonnd of tho consonants.

B and m aspirated {hh, mK) are both sounded like • »r to, and, consequently, where we find hh or mh in an Irish name, we generally have r or tr in the English form : examples, Ardvally in Donegal and Sligo, in Inih. Ard-hhaile, high town; BallinwuUy in Roscom- mon, Baile an-tnhullaigh, the town of the summit •

2 Irish Local Names explained.

(muUach). Sometimes they are represented by / in English, as in BoherdufF, Bothar-dabh, black road : and often they are suppi'essed, especially in the end of worda, or between two vowels, as in Knockdoo, Cnoc- duhh, black hill, the same as Knockduff in other places.

For c aspirated see page 4.

D and g aspirated (dh, gh), have a faint guttural sound, not existing in English, and they are conse- quently generally unrepresented in anglicised names ; as in Lisnalee, Lios-na-laegh, the fort of the calves.

-F aspirated (Jh) totally loses its sound in Irish, and of course is omitted in English ; as in Knockanree in "Wicklow, Cnoc-an-jhraeigh, the hill of the heath.

P aspirated is represented by /; as in Ballinfojde, Baile-an-phoill, the town of the hole, the same as Bal- linphuill and Ballinphull elsewhere.

S and t aspirated (sA, th) both sound the same as English h; as in Drumhillagh in Cavan and Monaghan, Druim-shaileach, the ridge of the sallows, the same name as Drumsillagh in other counties, in which the original s sound is retained.

Eclipsis. — An eclipsed consonant has its sound alto- gether suppressed, the sound of another consonant which is prefixed, being heard instead. Thus when d h eclipsed by w, it is written n-A^ but the n alone ia pronounced. The eclipsed letter is of course alwa5'a omitted in English.

When a noun is used in the genitive plural, with the article prefixed, its initial consonant is eclipsed. Each consonant has a special eclipsing letter of its own.

B is eclipsed by m; Knocknamoe, the name of a place in Queen's County, represents the Irish Cmc-na- mho, the hill of the cows.

C is eclipsed by g ; as in Cloonnagashel near Ballin- robe, which ought to have been anglicised Coolnagashel, for the Four Masters write the name Cuil-na-gcaiseal, the corner of the cashels or stone forts.

B and g are both eclipsed by n ; as in Mullananallog in Monaghan, Mallach-na-ndealg, the summit of the thorns or thorn bushes.

i^is eclipsed by bh, which is represented by r io

Irish Local Barnes explained, 3

English ; as in Carriguavar in Cork, which is in Irish Carraig-na-hhfear, the rock of the men.

P is eclipsed by b ; as in Gortnaboul in Kerry and Clare, Gort-na-hpoH, the field of the holes.

S is eclipsed by t, in the genitive singular with the article; as in Ballintaggart, Baile-an tsagairt, the town of the priest.

T is eclipsed by d; as in Lisnadurk in Fermanagh Zios-na-dtorc, the fort of the boars.

2. COKKUPTIOXS.

While the majority of names hare been modernized in accordance with the principle of preserving the pro- nunciation, great numbers on the other hand have been contracted and corrupted in a variety of ways. Some of these corruptions took place in the Irish language ; but far the greatest number were introduced by the English-speaking people in transferring the words from the Irish to the English language. The following are some of the principal corruptions.

Interchange of 1, m, n, r. The interchange of these letters is common in Irish and English, as well as in other languages. "We find I very often substituted for r; as in Shrule, Shruel, Stniell, Sroohill, in all of which the final consonant sound should be that of r, for they are derived from Sruthair [sruher], a stream.

N is sometimes, but not often, changed to /, as in Castleconnell near Limerick, which is the castle of the 0"Connings, not of the 0' Councils, as the present fornj of the name would indicate.

The change of n to r is of frequent occurrence, as in Kilmacrenan in Donegal, which should have been called Kilmacnenan, for the Irish authorities write it Cill-7nac- nEnain, which Colgan translates the church of the sons of Enan, who were contemporaries and relatives of St. Columba.

The change oilio r is not very common, but we find it in Ballysakeery in ilayo, which is written by Mac- Firbis, Baile-easa-caoile [Ballysakeely], the town of-the narrow cataract.

b2

4 Irish Local Names explained,

M and n are occasionally interchanged. For example, the barony of Glenquin in Limerick, should have been called Glenqnim, for the Irish is Gleann-a'-chuim, the glen of the cum or hollow. Kilmainham near Dublin is called Kilmannan by Boate, which is more correct than the present form. The name signifies the church of St. Main en (Irish Maighnenn), who was bishop and abbot there in the seventh century.

Change o/ch and th, to f. The guttural sound of « aspirated {ch) does not exist in English, and in angli- cised names it is occasionally changed to/; for example, Knocktopher in Kilkenny, is from the Irish Cnoe-a'- tochair, the hill of the togher or causeway. Fis also sometimes substituted for <A; thus, Tiscoffin in Kilkenny took its name from an old church called Tigh-scoithin [Tee-Scoheen], the house of St. Scoithin, who erected his primitive church here towards the close of the sixth century.

Substitution of g for i. D aspirated is often changed to g; as in Drumgonnelly in Louth, which should have been anglicised Drumdonnelly, for the Irish is Druim- Dhonghaile, the ridge or long hill of the Donnellys.

Addition of d after n ; and ofh after m. The letter d is often corruptly placed after n ; — as we find in case of Rathfryland in Down, which is called in Irish Rath- Fraeileann, Freelan's fort. B is also often placed after m ; as in Cumber or Comber, the names of several places in the northern counties; the Irish word is Cotnar, which signifies the confluence of two waters, and it is correctly anglicised Cummer and Comer in many other names.

Irish Local Names erplained.

IRISH LOCAL NAMES EXPLAINED.

Tlie following abbreriations have been used in quoting authorities for tha Irish forms : — " F. M.," The Annals of the Four Jfasters. "Book of R," The Book of Richts (Leabhar-na-gCeart). " Hy F.," The Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach. "O'Dugan," Tlie topocraphical Poems of O'Dntjan and O'Heeren. " O'C. CaL," O'Clerj-'s Calendar of Irish Saints, or, The Martyrology <t

Uoneeai "Wars of GG.," The Wars of the GatdhH -with, the Gam (of the Irish with

the Danes). " Mart Tam^" The Martyrology of Tallaght

The Irish forms are tdways in Italics. The Irish root words are fally ex- plained in the Vocabulary at the end of the boo^

The pronunciation of the princip.il Irish words Is given in bracXeta, as nearly as can be represented by English lettersL

Abbeyfeale in Limerick ; Mainistir-na-FeiU, the monas- tery or abbey of the river Feale.

Abbey go rmican in Galway ; the abbey of the O'Cor- maeans.

Abbeylara or Lara in Longford; Leath-rath, F. M. [Lah-rah], half rath or fort.

Abbeyleix ; the abbey of the old principality of Leix, BO called from a monastery founded there in 11 83 by Conor O'Moore. In the reign of Felimy the Law- giver (A. D. Ill to 119), this territory was given by the king of Leinster to Lughaidh Laeighseach [Lewy Leeshagh], Conall Camach's grandson, for helping to expel the Munstermen who had seized on Ossory. Lewy's descendants, the O'Moores, took from him the tribe name, Laeighis [Leesh], and their territory was called by the same name, now modernized to Leix.

Abbeyshrule in Longford ; from a monastery founded there by one of the O'Farrells. It was anciently called Sruthair [Sruher], F. M., i. e. the stream, of which Shrule is a corruption.

Abbeystrowry in Cork; the same name as the last. The iruthair or stream from which it was called, gave name also to Bealnashrura (the heal or ford- mouth of th<» *tream) a village situated at au aoci^nl

6 Irish Local Karnes explained.

Achonry in SHgo, AcJiadh- CJionaire [Aha-Conary], F. M., Conary's field.

Adare in Limerick; Ath-dara [Ah-dara], F. M., the ford of the oak tree. A large oak must have an- ciently overshadowed the old ford on the Maigue.

Addergoole, Addragool, Adrigole, Adrigoole; Eadar- dha-ghabhal [Adragoul], i. e. (a place) between two (river) forks.

Aderrig ; Ath-dearg, red ford. See Aghaderg.

Affane on the Blackwater below Cappoquin; Ath- mheadhon, [Ah-vane], F. M., middle ford.

Agha in several counties ; Achadh [Aha], a field.

Aghaboe in Queen's County, whei-e St. Canice of Kil- kenny had his principal church. Adaranan in his Life of St. Columkille, written in the seventh cen- tury, has the following passage, which settles the meaning: — " St. Canice being in the monastery which is called in Latin Campulus lovis (i. e. the field of the cow), but in Irish Ached-hou."

Aghaboy ; Achadh-huidhe [Aha-boy], yellow field.

Aghacross near Kildorrery in Cork ; the ford of the cross ; probably from a cross erected in connexion •with St. Molaga's adjacent establishment, to mark a ford on the Funcheon. See Templemolaga.

Aghada near Cork ; Ath-fhada [Ahada], long ford.

Aghaderg ; Ath-dearg, red ford. See Aderrig.

Aghadoe near Killarney; Achadh-da-e6 [Aha daw-o], F. M., the field of the two yew trees.

Aghadowey in Derry ; Achadh- Luhhthaigh [AhadafFj-], O'C. Cal., iJuffy's field.

Aghadown and Aghadoon ; the field of the dun or fort

Aghadreen, Aghadreenagh, Aghadreenan, Aghadrinagh; the field of the dreens or sloe bushes (draetghean).

Aghafad, Aghafadda ; long field.

Aghagallon ; the field of the gallan or standing stone.

Aghagower in Mayo ; the correct name would be Agha- fower, for the ancient form, as found in the old Lives of St. Patrick, is Achadh-fohhair, the field of the ppring, from a celebrated well, now called St. Patrick's well. The present form is written in Hy F., 4ch(idh-ffalhair, which mmw the field of the goat.

Irish Local Names explained. 7

Aghamore; Achadh-mor, great field.

Aghanloo ; Athan- Liigha , Lugh's or Lcwy's little ford.

Aghavca in Fermanagh ; Achadh-leithe [Ahabehyj,

F. M., the field of the birch trees. Aghaveagh in Donegal and Tyrone ; same as last. Aghavilla, Aghaville, Aghavilly; Achadh-lhile, the

field of the hile or old tree. Aghaviller in Kilkenny ; Achadh-liorair [Ahabirrer],

F. M., the field of the watercresses (r changed to t). Aghindarragh in Tyrone ; the field of the oak. Aghintamy near iJonaghan ; Achadh- an-tsatnhaidh, the

field of the sorrel. Aghmaeart in Queen's County ; the field of Art's son. Aghnamullen in Monaghan ; the field of the mills. Aghnaskea, Aghnaskeagh, Aghnaskew ; Achadh-na-

sceach, the field of the "white-thorn bushes. Aghowle in "Wicklow; Achadh-abJda, the field of the

apple trees. Aglish ; Haglais [aglish], a church. Aglishcloghane in Tipperary ; the church of the cJogh-

aun or row of stepping stones. Aglishcormick in Limerick ; St. Cormac's church. Aglish di'inagh in Cork ; Eaglais-draeighneach, the church

of the dreens or sloe bushes. Agolagh in Antrim; Atk-gohklach, forked ford. Ahane, Ahaun; Athdn, little ford. Ahaphuca ; the ford of the poolca or spright. Ahascragh in Galway ; Ath-eascrach, F. if., the ford of

the esker or sand-hill. Aille ; Aill, a cHff*. AUeen ; Aillm, a little cliff. Alt ; Alt, a height, the side of a glen. Altan ; little cliff or glen side. Altaturk ; the glen side of the boar {tore). Altavilla ; the glen side of the hile or old tree. Altinure; Alt-an-iuhhair [yure], the glen side of the

yew tree. Altnaveagh and Altnaveigh; Alt-na-lTiJiach, the cliff or

glen side of the fiachs or ravens. Anna ; same as Annagh, which see.

8 Irish Local Names exjjMned.

Annahella near Mallow ; Eanach-liU, the marsh of the

hiU or old tree. Annaclone ; the marsh of the meadow {cluain). Annaeotty near Limerick; AtA-na-coite, the ford of the

cot or little boat. Annacraraph in Armagh and Monaghan ; Eanach-

creamlia, the marsh of the wild garlick, AnnadufF; Eanach-duhh, F. M., black marsh. Annagh ; Eanach, a marsh. Annaghaskin in Dublin, near Bray; Eanach- easgann,

tlie marsh of the eels. Annaghbeg, Annaghmore ; little marsh, great marsh. Annahagh, Annahaia in Monaghan and Armagh; Ath'

na-haithe, the ford of the kiln [atth). Annahavil ; Eanach- ahkailly the marsh of the orchard

{abhall). Annahilt in Down ; Eanach-eilte, the marsh of the doe

{eilit). Annakisha ; the ford of the hish or wickerwork cause

way. Annalong in Down ; Ath-na-lo7ig , the ford of the ships

(Jong) : the ford was near the place where vessels used

to be moored or anchored. Annamoe in Wicklow ; Ath-na-mho, the ford of the

cows (bo). Anny ; same as Annagh, which see. Arboe in Tyrone ; Ard-lo, the cow's height. Ard; high; a height.

Ardagh; Ard-achadh [Ard-aha], high field. Ardaghy; same as Ardagh. Ardan, Ardane, Ardaun; little ore? or height. Ardara in Donegal; Ard-a'-raith, the height of the

rath, from a hill near the village, on which stands a

conspicuous fort. Ardataggle, Ardateggle; .4r£?-a'-^5(5fl^a»7, the height of

the rye {seagal). Ardbane, Ardbaun ; white height. Ardbeg; little height. Ardbraccan in Meath; St. Brecan's height. St. Brecan

erected a church here in the sixth century, some

Irish Local Names explained. 9

time previous to his removal to the great island of Aran, where he had his chief establishment.

Ardcarn ; the height of the cam or monumental heap.

Ardcath ; the height of the battle {cath).

Ardee in Louth. Old English form Atherdee, which represents the Irish Ath-Fhirdia [Ahirdeel, as it is written in Irish authorities, the ford of Ferdia, a chieftain who was slain there in battle by Cuchullin in the first century.

Ardeen in Cork and Kerry; little height.

Ardeevin; Ard-aeihhinn, beautifixl height

Arderin ; the height of Erin or Ireland.

Ardfert in Kerry ; Ard-ferta, F. M., the height of the grave. Sometimes called Ardfert- Brendan, from St. Brendan the navigator, who founded a monastery there in the sixth century.

Ardfinnan in Tipperary; the height of St. Finan, who founded a monastery there in the seventh century.

Ardgeeha; Ard-gaeithe, height of the wind.

Ardglass; Ard-glas, green height.

Ardgoul; Ard-galhal, high fork.

Ardkeen; Ardcaein, beautiful height.

Ardkill; high church or wood {cill or coill).

Ardlougher; Ard-luachra, rushy height.

Ardmayle; Ard-Maille, F.M., ilalley's height.

Ardmeen ; smooth height

Ardmore in various counties ; great height

Ardmulchan in Meath ; Ard-Maelchon^ F. M., Mael chon's height

Ardnacrusha, Ardnacrushy ; the height of the cross.

Ardnageeha, Ardnageehy; the heiglit of the wind {gaeth).

Ardnanean; the height of the birds {en).

Ardnapreaghaun ; the height of the prehauns or crows.

Ardnarea near Ballina; Ard-na-riaghadh [reea], Hy F., the hill of the executions. Four persons were exe- cuted here in the seventh century, lor the murder of Kellach, bishop of Kilmore-Moy.

Ardnurcher in Westmeath ; a corruption of Athnurcher, from Atk-an-urchair, F.M., the ford of the castor throw. According to a very ancient legend, a battle

10 Irish Local Karnes exjilained.

was fought here in the first century, between the Connaught and Ulster forces. Keth Mac Magach, a Connaught chief, threw a hard round ball at Conor mac Kessa, king of IJlster, and struck him on the head, from the effects of which the king died seven years afterwards.

Ardpatrick; St. Patrick's height.

Ardrahan ; Ard-rathain, the height of the ferns.

Ardskeagh ; the height of the shearjhs or bushes.

Ardstraw in Tyrone ; Ard-sratha [Ard-srawha], F. M., the height of (or near) the river holm.

Ardvally in Donegal and Sligo. See page 1 .

Ardvarna, Ardvarness, Ardvarney, Ardvarnish ; Ard- hhearna and Ard-lhearnas, high gap.

Arless in Queen's County; Ard-Uos, high fort.

Armagh; written in all Irish authorities Ard-Macha, which, in the Book of Armagh, is translated ^^^^'i^z^^o JiJaehce, Macha's height. From Queen Macha of the golden hair, Avho founded the palace of Emania, 300 years B. C.

Armoy in Antrim; Airthir-Maighe [Arhir-moy], F. M., eastei'n plain.

Artimacormack in Antrim; Ard-tighe-Mic-Cormaic, the height of Mac Cormack's house.

Artrea in Derry; Ard-Trea (Mart. Taml.), Trea's height. The virgin St. Trea flourished in the fifth century.

Askeaton ; took its name from the cataract on the Deel near the town, which the F. M, caW Eas-Gephtine [Ass-Gfcftine], Geph tine's cataract.

Assan, Assaun ; small ass or Avaterfall.

Assaroe at Ballyshannon. The Book of Leinster states that Aedh-Iiuadh [Aj'-roo], queen Macha's father (see Armagh), was drowned in this cataract, which was thence called from \\im Eas-Aedha-Ruaidh [Assayroo], Aedh-Iluadli's waterfall,

Assey on the lioyne in Meath. The F. M. record that in A. D. 524 " the battle of Ath- Sithe [Ah-Shee] was gained by Muircheartach {king of Ireland) against the Leinstermen, where Sithe [Shec] the sou of Bian was eJain, from whom Ath-SitJie [Sithe' s ford'i is opjlcd,"

Insh Local Names explained. 11

Athenry; Ath-7ia-riogh. [ree], F. M., the ford of the

kings. Athgoe in Dublin ; the ford of the gow or smith. Athlaccain Limerick; from a ford on the Morning Star

river, caWa^ Athleacach, stony ford. Athleague in Roscommon; Ath-liag, L . M., the ford of

the stones. Athlone ; from the ancient ford over the Shannon, called

in Irish authorities Ath-Zuain, the ford of Liuin, a

man's name. Athneasy in Limerick; called in the P.M., Ath-na-

nDeise [Athnaneasy], the ford of (the tribe of) the

Lesii, who inhabited the old territory o£ Deisbeag,

round Knockany. Athnid in Tipperary ; the ford of the nead or bird's

nest. Athnowen, a parish near Ballincollig in Cork ; from a

ford on the river Bride, eaRedi Ath-'n-ziamhamn [Ath-

nooan], the ford of the cave (tiaimh), from the great

limestone cave at " The Ovens," near the ford. Athy. One of the battles between Lewy and the

Munstermen (see Abbeyleix), was fought at a ford on

the Barrow, where a Munster chief, Ae, was slain ;

and from him the place was called ^^A-/( Wars of

GG), the ford of Ae. Attavally ; Ait-a'-bhaile, the site of the hallg or town. Atti or Atty in the beginning of a name, is the angli- cised form of dit-tighe [aut-tee], the place or site of

a house {ait and teach). Attidermot ; the site of Dermot's house. Attiduff ; the site of the black house. Attykit; the site of Ceafs or Keth's house. Aughall in Tipperary and Aughil in Derry ; Eochaill,

the yew wood {eo and coill). See Youghal and OghilL Aughinish ; Each-inis, F. M., the island of horses. Aughnacloy ; Achadh-na-cloiche [Ahanacloha], the field

of the stone. Aughnahoy ; Achadh-na-Uaithe, the field of the kiln

{aith). Auj:hnannre near Onghterard ui Galway ; Achadh-m-

12 Irish Local Names explained.

niulhar [Ahananure], the field of the yew trees. One of the old yews still remains.

Aughnish ; same as Aughinish.

Aughrim; the name is written in Irish documents, Each-dhruim [Agh-rim : dh silent], which Colgan translates Equi-mons, the hill, druim, or ridge, of the horse {each).

Aughris, Aughrus ; Each-ros, F. M., the peninsula of the horses.

Avalbane, Avalreagh ; white orchard, grey orchard {ahhall).

Avoumore, Avonbeg ; great river, little river {abhainn).

Aubeg ; Ahh-hheag, little river.

Ayle ; same as Aille, which see.

Bahana ; same as Behanagh, which see.

Bailey lighthouse at Howth ; from the old bally or for tress of Criffan, king of Ireland in the first century, on the site of which it was built.

Balbriggan in Dublin ; Baile-Breacain, Brecan's town.

Baldoyle in Dublin; Baile-Duhhghoill, BuhhghaU's or Doyle's town.

Balfeddock; the town of the feadogs or plovers.

Balgeeth in Meath ; the town of the wind (gaeth).

Balla in Mayo. In the Life of St. Mochua, we are told that before the saint founded his monastery there in the seventh century, the place was called Eos-dairhh- reach [Ros-dar'aragh], i. e. oak grove ; that he en- closed the wells of his establishment with a halla or wall ; and that hence the place received the new name of Balla.

Ballagh ; Bealach, a road or pass.

Ballaghaderreen in Mayo ; the road of the derreen or little oak wood.

Ballaghbehy ; the road of the birch (heith).

Ballaghboy; yellow road {buidhe).

Ballaghkeen in Wexford; beautiful road (caein),

Ballaghkeeran ; the road of the Iceerans or quicken trees.

Ballaghmore ; great road.

Ballard ; Baile-ard, high town.

Bailee in Down; written in tlje Taxation of 1306,

Irish Local Names explained. 13

Saliath. ; from the Irish Baile-atha, the town of the

ford. Balleen ; little hally or town. Ballina, the name of many places ; Bel-an-atJia '[Bella-

naha], the mouth of the ford. Ballinabamy ; the town of the learna or gap. Ballinaboy in Cork, Galway, and Roscommon ; Bel-an-

atha-huidhe, the mouth of the yellow ford. Ballinaclogh ; the town of the stones (clock). Ballinacor, Ballinacur, Ballinacurra ; £aik-na-corra,

the town of the weir. Ballinafad ; Bel-an-atha-fada [Bellanafadda], the mouth

of the long ford. Ballinagar; Belatha na-gcarr [Bellanagar], the ford- mouth of the cars. Ballinahinch ; the town of the inis or island. Ballinakill ; the town of the church or wood. Ballinalack in "Westmeath ; Bel-atha-na-leac [Bellana-

lack], the mouth of the ford of the flag-stones. Ballinalee and Ballinalea ; Bel-atha-na-laegh, the ford- mouth of the calves. Ballinamona; Baile-na-mona, the town of the bog. Ballinamore ; Bel-an-atha-moir, the mouth of the great

ford. Ballinamought near Cork; Baile-na-mhoeht, the town

of the poor people {hocht). Ballinard; the town of the ard or height. Ballinascarty ; the town of the scart or thicket. Eallinasloe ; Bel-atha-na-sluaigheadh [Bellanaslooa],

F. M., the ford-mouth of the hosts or gatherings. Ballinaspick, Ballinaspig; BaiU-an-easpuig, the town

of the bishop. Ballinastraw ; the town of the srath or river-holm. Ballinchalla on Lough Mask in Mayo ; Bailean-chala,

the town of the callow or landing place. Ballinclare ; the town of the clar or plain. Ballincloghan ; the same as Ballycloghan. BallincoUig ; Baile-an-chdlaigh, the town of the boar. Ballincurra, Ballineurrig, Ballincurry; Bade- an-chur-

ratgh, the town of the currach or marsh. Ballindeny ; the town of the derry or oak wood.

14 Irish Local Ifames explained.

Ballindrait, Ballindrehid ; Baile-an-droichid, the town

of the bridge. Ballineddan inWicklow; Baile-an-fheadain, the town

of ihefeadan or streamlet. Ballinfoyle in Galway and Wicklow; see page 2. Ballingaddy; the town of the i\i\ei{gadaighe\ i.e. the

black thief O'Dwane. Ballingarrane ; the town of the garran or shrubbery. Ballingarry ; Baile-an-gharrdha, the town of the garden. Ballinglanna, Ballinglen ; the town of the glen. Ballingowan ; the town of the smith {gohha). Ballinlass, Ballinlassa, Ballinlassy, Ballinliss; the town

of the lios or fort. Ballinlbugh ; the town of the lake. Ballinloughan, Ballinloughaun ; the town of the little

lake. Ballinlug, Ballinluig ; the town of the lug or hollow. Ballinphuill, Ballinphull ; see page 2. Ballinree ; sometimes Baile-an-jhraeigli, the town of

the heath {fraech) ; sometimes Baile-an-righ, the

town of the king. Ballinrobe ; the town of the river Kobe. Ballinrostig ; Roche's town. Ballinspittle ; the town of the spital or hospital. Ballintaggart ; see page 3.

Ballinteer; Baile-an-tsaeir, the town of the carpenter. Ballintemple ; the town of the temple or church. Ballinteskin ; Baile-an-Uescenn, the town of the morass. Ballintlea, Ballintleva, Ballintlevy, Ballintlieve ; Baile-

an-tsleihhe, the town of the mountain (sliahh). Ballintober ; the town of the well. Ballintogher ; the town of the togher or causeway. Ballintubbert, Ballintubbrid ; same as Ballintober. Ballinui'e ; the town of the yew tree {iuhhar). Ballinvally ; Baile-an-hhecdaigh, the town of the road. Ballinvarrig, Ballinvarry ; Barry's town. Ballinvella, Ballinvilla ; Baile-an-bhile, the town of the

hits or ancient tree. Ballinvoher; Baile-an-hhothair^ the town of the road. Ballinvreena in Limerick and Tipperary ; the town of the bruighean [breen") or fairy mansion.

Irish Local Names explained. 15

Ballinwillin ; Baile-an-mhuilinn, the town of the mill.

Ballinwully in Roscommon ; see page 1.

Ballytore in Kildare took its name from a fotd on the river Greece ; Bel-atha-a'-tuair [Bellatoor], the ford mouth of the iuar or bleach green.

Ballyard; high town.

Bailybaan, Ballybane, Ballybaun ; white town.

Ballybay in Monaghan ; Bel-atha-leithe [Bellabehy], the ford mouth of the birch.

Ballybeg; smalltown.

Ballyboe; i. e. "cow-land," a measure of land.

Bally bofey in Donegal. The correct old name is Srath- hofey. Some occupier named Ficich, or Fay must have in past times kept his cows on the holm along the Finn; Srath-lo-Fiaich, F.3I., the river holm of Fiach's cows.

Ballyboghil in county Dublin ; the town of the hachal orcrozier; from St. Patrick's crozier.

Ballyboley ; the town of the booley or dairy place.

Ballybough near Dublin; Baile-hocht, poor town; the same as Ballybought in other places.

Ballyboy in King's County ; written in Irish authorities Baile-atha-huidhe [Ballyaboy], the town of the yellow ford; the name is common in other counties and sometimes means yellow town {Baile-buidhe),

Ballybrack ; speckled town.

Ballybrannagh ; "Walsh's town. The proper name Walsh is in Iri?h Breathnach [Branagh], i. e. Briton.

Ballybunnion in Keriy ; Bunnion's town.

Ballycahan, Ballvcahane; O'Cahan's town.

Ballycahill; Cahill's or O'Cahill's town.

Ballycastle in Antrim ; the town of the castle.

Ballycastle in Mayo; the town of the cashel or cir- cular stone fort.

Ballyclare ; the same as Ballinclare.

Bally clerahan in Tipperary ; O'Clerahan's town.

Ballyclogh, Ballyclohy ; the town of the stones.

Ballycloghan ; the town of the cloghan or row of step- ping stones across a river.

BaUyclug in Antrim ; the town of the bell log).

Ballycolla; the town of CoUa, a man's nam

16 Irish Local Names explained,

Ballyconnell in Cavan. According to tradition, Conall Carnagh, one of the most renowned of the Red Branch knights of Ulster, was slain here in the first century ; hence it was called Bel-atha-Chonaill^ the mouth of the ford of Conall.

Ballycorraick ; Cormac's or O'Cormac's town.

Ballycullane ; O'Cullane's or O'Collins's town.

Ballydehob in Cork ; Bel-atha-da-chab, the ford of the two cals or mouths ; from some local feature.

Ballyduff; black town.

Ballyea ; O'Hea's or Hayes's town.

Ballyeighter ; Baile-iochtar, lower town.

Ballyfoyle; the town of the hole (poll).

Ballygarran, Ballygarraun ; the town of the garran or shrubbery.

Ballyglass ; green town.

BaUygowan ; the town of the smith {gohha).

Ballyheige in Kerry; Baile-ui-Thadg, the town of O'Teige.

Ballyhooly near Mallow ; took its name from an an- cient ford on the Blackwater, called in the Book of Lismore Ath-ulUa [Ahoola]; the ford of the apples. The people now call it in Irish Baile-aiha-uhMa (which they pronounce Blaa-hoold), the town of the apple ford, which has been shortened to the present name.

Bally keel ; Baile-cael, narrow town.

Ballyknock ; the town of the hill.

Ballyknockan, Ballyknockane ; the town of the little hill.

Ballylanders in Limerick; Landers's town, from an English family of that name.

Ballylig ; the town of the lug or hollow.

Ballylongford in Kerry; Bd-aiha-longpkutrt, the ford- mouth of the longphort or fortress; because it led to Carrigafoyle castle, two miles off.

Ballylough, Ballyloughan, Ballyloughaun; the town of the lake.

Ballylusk, Ballylusky ; Baile-loisgthe, burnt town; from the practice of burning the surface in tillage.

Irkh Local Names explained. 17

Ballymena, Ballymenagh ; Baile-meadhonach, middle

town. Ballymoney ; the town of the shrubbery {mut'ne). Ballymore ; great town ; sometimes when the place 13

on a river it is Bel-atha-tnoir [Bellamore], the mouth

of the great ford. Ballymote; £aile-an-mJioia, F. M., the town of the

moat or mound. Ballynabama, Ballynabamy, Ballynabearna ; the town

of the gap. See Ballinabarny. Ballynaboley, BaUynaboola, Ballynabooley ; the town

of the boolet/ or dairy place ilxiaile). See Bally-

boley. Ballynacally ; the town of the calliagh or hag. Bally nacarrick, Ballynacarrig, Ballynaearriga, Ballyna-

carrigy ; the town of the rock {carraig). BaUynaclogh, Ballynacloghy ; Baile-na-cloiche, the town

of the clock or stone. Ballynacor, BallynacoiTa ; the town of the weir {cora). Ballynacourty ; the town of the court or mansion. Ballynagall, Ballynagaul; the town of the Galls or

foreigners. Ballynagard ; the town of the ceards or artificers. Ballynagee, Ballynageeha ; town of the wind {gaeth). Ballynageeragh ; the town of the sheep (eaera), Ballynaglogh ; Baile-na-gcloch, the town of the stones. BaUynagore ; the town of the goats {gahhar). Ballynagowan ; the town of the smiths (golha). Ballynagran ; Baile-na-gcrann, the town of the trees. Ballynahaglish ; the town of the church {eaglais). Ballynahinch ; the town of the inis or island. Ballynahone, Ballynahown, Ballynahowna ; the town

of the river (abhainn). Ballynahow; the town of the river (ahh). BallynakiU, Ballynakilla, BaUynakilly; the town of

the church or wood {cill or coill). BaUynalacken ; the town of the leacan or hill side. Ballynamona ; the town of the bog (mdin). Ballynamuck ; the town of the pigs (muc). Ballynamuddagh ; Baile-na-mlodach, the town of the

lodacht or churls.

18 Irish Local Names explained,

Ballynaraha ; the town of the rath or fort.

Ballynatona, Ballynatone ; the town of the lachide or hiU {tdin).

Ballynatray ; the town of the strand {traigh).

Ballyneety; Baile-an-Fhaeite, the town of "White, a family name of English origin.

Ballyness ; the town of the waterfall {eas).

Ballynew, Ballynoe ; Baile-nua, new town.

Ballynure ; Batle-an-iubhair, the town of the yew.

Ballyorgan in Limerick ; Organ's or Horgan's town.

Ballyragget in Kilkenny; Bel-atha-Eaghat, F. M., Ragat's ford-mouth.

Ballyroe ; Baile-ruadh, red town.

Ballyroosky ; the town of the rush or marsh.

Ballysadare in Sligu; originally JEm-dara [Assdara], the cataract of the oak, from the beautiful fall on the Owenmore river. It was afterwards called Baile- easa-dara [Ballyassadara], P. M., the town of Assdara, which has been shortened to the present name.

Ballysaggart ; the town of the sagart or priest

Ballysakeery in Mayo ; see page 3.

Ballysallagh ; dirty town.

Bally shane; Shane's or John's town.

Ballyshannon : the old ford on the Erne is called by the annalists Ath-seanaigh and Bel-atha-seatiaigh [Bella- shanny]; from the latter, the present name is derived, and it means the mouth of SeanacKs or Shannagh'g ford, a man's name in common use. The on is a modern corruption ; the peasantry call the town Bal- ly shanng, which is nearer the original. Ballyshannon in Kildare is similarly derived.

Bally tarsna, Bally tarsney ; cross -town; i. e. the village or townland had a cross or transverse position.

Ballyteige ; O'Teige's town.

Ballytrasna; same as Ballytarsna.

Ballyvaghan in Clare; Baile-ui-Bheachain, O'Behan'ji town.

Bally water ; Baile-uachtar, upper town.

Bally willin ; the town of the mill (muileann).

Balrath ; Baile-ratha, the town of the fort.

Balrathboyne in Meath. St. Baeithin [Bweeheen; but

Irish Local Names explained. 19

often pron. Boyne], the son of Guana, built a church here near an ancient rath, and the rath remains, though the church is gone. Hence it was called Rath-Baeithin, and in recent times, Balrathboyne, the town of Baeitkin^s rath.

Balrothery; Bailea'-ridire [Ballyariddery], the town of the knight

Baltinglass; it is written Bealach-CJionglais [Ballacon- glas] in Irish authorities, the road or pass of Cuglas, a person about whom there is a very ancient legend.

Baltrasna ; the same as Ballytarsna.

Baltray; the town of the strand {traigh).

Banagh, barony of, in Donegal. It is called in the annals Baghaineach [Bawnagh], i. a the territory of Boghaine [Boana] ox Enna Boghaine, the son of Conall Gulban, son of the great king jS'iall of the Nine Hostages, who reigned from A. D. 379 to 405.

Banagher and Bangor; Beannchor [Banaher], F. M., (from the root leann), signifies horns, or pointed hills or rocks, and sometimes simply a pointed hill.

Bannow in "Wexford; the harbour was called Cuan-an- hhainhh [Coon-an-wonniv], the harbour of the lonjiiv or sucking pig; and the village has preserved the latter part of the name changed to Bannow.

Bansha; Bainseach [Bawnsha], a level place.

Bantry; Beantraighe [BantryJ, Book of R., i. e. the descendants oi-Beann [Ban], one of the sons of Conor Mac Nessa, king of Ulster in the first century. A part of the tribe settled in Wexford, and another part in Cork, and the barony of Bantry in the former county, and the town of Bantry in the latter, retain their name.

Barna ; Bearna, a gap.

Barnaboy; yellow^ gap.

Bamageeha, Barnageehy; windy gap (gaoth).

Barnane-Ely in Tipperary ; from the remarkable gap in the Devil's Bit mountain ; Bearnan-Eile, the little gap of Ely, the ancient territory in which it was situated.

Barnes, Barnish; Bearnas, a gap.

Barnismore; great gap.

20 Irish Local Names ex2)lained.

Barr; the top of anything.

Baslick; Baisleac, F. M., a lasilica or church.

Batterstown ; the town of the batter {hothar) or road.

Bawnmore ; great green field.

Bawnoge ; little green field.

Bawnreagh; greyish green field.

Baunskeha ; the green field of the bush {seeach).

Bawnboy; yellow field.

Bawnfune ; Bdn-fionn, white field.

Bawnmore ; great green field.

Bea^h; Beitlieach [Beha], a place of bircties.

Bear; bai'ouy, island, and havtn, in Cork. Owen More, king of Munster in the second century, spent nine years in Spain, and, according to an old legend, he married Beara, daughter of the king of that country. On his return, to Ireland to make war against Conn of the hundred battles, he landed on the north side of Ban try bay, and called the place Beara in honour of his wife.

Beheenagh, Behernagh ; a place of birches (heith).

Behy ; birch land.

Belfarsad ; the same as Belfast.

Belfast. In old times the Lagan used to be crossed here by a farset or sandbank, and hence the place was called Belfeirste, F. M., the lei or ford oiXhe farset.

Bellagh}'; the mouth or entrance of the lahagh o» slough.

Bellanacargy in Cavan; Bel-atha-na-cairrge, the mouth of the ford of the rock {carraig).

Bellanagar in Roscommon; Bel-atha-na-gcarr, the mouth of the ford of the cars.

Bellananagh in Cavan; Bel-atJia-na-neach, the mouth of the ford of the horses (each).

Bellaugh in Koscomraon; the same as Bellaghy.

Belleek near Ballyshannon ; Bel-leice [Bellecka], F. M., the ford-mouth of the flag stone, from the flat sur- faced rock in the bed of the river. Belleek in other places is similarly derived.

Beltany ; fvem Bealtaine or Beltaine, the first of May; because the May day sports used to be celebrated there.

Ben ; a peak, a pointed hill {beann).

Irish Local Names explained. 2 1

Benbo monntain near Manorhamilton, is called in Irish Beanna-ho, F. M., the peaks or horns of the cow, from its curious double peak.

Benburb in Tyrone ; from a cliff over the Blackwater, called in the annals Beann-horb, the proud peak.

Bengore head ; the peak of the goats {gabhar).

Bengorm ; blue peak.

Benraore; great peak.

Bignion or Binnion ; small hoi or peak.

Billy in Antrim ; Bile, an ancient tree.

Binbulbin ; correct name, Binn- Gulbain, Gulban's peak.

Bogagh, Boggagh, Boggan, Boggaun; a boggy place.

Boher ; Bothar [boher], a road.

Boherard ; high road.

Boherboy ; yellow road.

Boherduff ; see page 2.

Bohereen ; little road.

Bohermeen ; smooth road.

Boherroe ; red road.

Boho in Fermanagh ; Botha [boha], tents or huts.

Bohola ; Both-Thola, Hy. F., St. Tola's hut.

Boley ; buaile, a milking place for cattle.

Boleybeg ; little boley or dairy place.

Boola, booley ; the same as Boley.

Boolyglass; green booley.

Booterstown near Dublin; the town of the bothar^ batter, or road. In a roll of the fifteenth century it is called BoUybothyr, which shows that the Irish name was Baile-an-bhothair, the town of the road, of which the present name is a kind of half translation.

Borheen; same as Bohereen.

Borris ; Buirghes [burris], a burgage or borough.

Borris-in-Ossory ; from the old territory of Ossory.

Borrisokane ; O'Keane's borough town.

Borrisoleigh ; from the ancient territory Ui Luighdheack [Hy Leea], in which it was situated.

Boumey in Tipperary; Boime [boumy], rocky lands, the plural of Burren.

Bovevagh; Both-Mheidhbhe [Boh-veva], the hut or tent of Maev or ilabel, a woman's name.

Boylagh, barony o^ in Donegal; i. e. the territory of the O'Boyles.

22 Irish Local Names explained.

Boyounagh; yellow ounagh or marsh {dbhna/ih].

Braade ; same as Braid.

Brackagh, Brackenagh, Brackernagh, Bracklagh; a

speckled place, from hrcac, speckled. Bracklin, Brackloon ; Breac-cluain, speckled meadow. Braid, the, in Antrim ; applied to the deep glen through

which the river flows ; Braghad [braud], a gullet or

gorge. Brandon hill in Kerry, and also in Kilkenny; both

called from St. Brendan the Navigator, who flourished

in the sixth century. Bray in Wicklow : it is called Bree in old documents,

and it took name from the rocky head near it : Bri

[bree], a hill. The name of Bray head in Valentia

Island in Kerry, is similarly derived. Breaghva, Breaghwy, Breaghj'; Breach-mhagh [Brea-

vah], the plain of the wolves (breach, a wolf; magh,

a plain). Breandrum ; stinking drum or ridge. Brigown near Mitchelstown in Cork ; written Bri-gohh-

unn [Breegown] in the Book of Lismore, the hree or

hill of the smith (gobha). Brittas; speckled land. Britway in Cork ; a corruption of Breaghva^ which

see. Brockagh; a place of hrocs or badgers. Bruff" in Limerick; a corrupt form of Bnigh [bru],

a fort or mansion. The brugk is the old fort near the

town. Bruis ; another form of Brugfi [bru], a mansion. Bruree in Limerick ; called in Irish documents Brugh-

righ [Bruree], the fort or palace of the king ; for it

was the chief seat of OlioU Olum, king of Munster in

the second century, and afterwards of the O'Donovans.

Several of the old forts still remain. Bullaun; Bulldn, a well in a rock. Bun ; the bottom or end of anything ; the mouth of a

river. Buncrana ; the mouth of the river Crana. Bunlahy ; the end of the laTia^jh or slough. Bunratty in Clare ; the mouth of the river Ratty, now

called the Owen O'Garney.

Irish Local Names explained. 23

Burren ; Boireann, a rock, a rocky district.

Burriscarra ; the burris or borough of the old territory of Carra.

Burrishoole ; derived like Burriscarra, from the territory of TTmhall [ool] or " The Owles."

Burrisnafarney in Tipperary ; the burris or borough of the alder-plain (see Farney).

Buttevant in Cork; from the French motto of the Barrys, Boute%-en-avant, push forward. The Irish name is Kilnamullagh, the cell or church of the sum- mits (mullach).

Cabragh ; bad land.

Caber; cathair [caber], a circular stone fort.

Caherbarnagh ; gapped cah^r or fort: (hearnach, gapped).

Caherconlish in Limerick; Cathair-chinn-lis, the caher at the head of the lis or fort.

Caherduggan; Duggan's caher or stone fort.

Cahergal; white caher or stone fort.

Caberkeen in Cork ; beautiful caher or fort.

Cahersiveen in Kerry: it exactly preserves the pronun- ciation of the Irish name Cathair- Saidhhhin, the stone fort of Saidhhhin, or Sabina, a woman's name.

Cabirconree mountain near Tralee ; Curoi's caher, i. e. the celebrated chief, Ctiroi Mac Baire, who flourished in the first century. His caher still remains on a shoulder of the mountain.

Caldragh; Cealdrach, an old burying ground.

Callow; Gala, a marshy meadow along a river.

Callowhill ; Collchoill, hazel wood (coll and coill).

Caltragh ; same as Caldragh.

Calluragb ; Ceallurach, an old burial ground.

Camas, Camus; anything that winds, a winding stream : from cam, crooked.

Camlin ; crooked line ; often applied to a river.

Camlough ; crooked lake {cam and loch).

Cappa, Cappagh ; ceapach, a plot of land laid down for tillage.

Cappaghbeg ; little tillage-plot.

Cappaghmore, Cappamore; great tillage-plot.

Cappaghwhite in Tipperary ; White's tillage-plot.

Capparoe ; red plot.

24 Irish Local Names explained.

Cappog, Cappoge ; little cappagh or plot.

Cappoquin; Ceapach-Chuinn, Conn's tillage-plot.

Caran, Caraun ; a rocky place (from carr).

Carbury baronies in Longford and Sligo ; so called because they -were inhabited by the descendants of Carbery, one of the sons of Niall of the Nine Host- ages, king of Ireland from A. D. 379 to 405,

Cargagh ; a rocky place (from carraig).

Cargan, Cargin; a little rock, a rocky place.

Carha; Cairthe [carha], a pillar stone.

Carhoo ; ceathramhadh [carhoo], a quarter (of land).

Carlingford ; ford is the Danish fiord, a sea inlet ; the old Irish name is Cairlinn ; Carlingford, the fiord of Cairlinn.

Carlow; called in Irish documents Cetherloch [Caher- lough], quadruple lake {cether, four); the Barrow an- ciently formed four lakes there.

Cam ; a monumental heap of stones.

Camacally; the cam of the hag {cailleach).

Camalbanagh ; the cam of the Albanach or Scotchman.

Camaun ; little earn or monumental heap.

Cambane ; white earn {ban [bawn], white).

Camdonagh in Innishowen ; so called because the cam was situated in the parish of Donagh.

Carnew; Carn-Naoi [Nee], Naoi's cam.

Carnglass; green cam.

Carnlough ; the cam of the lake.

Carnmore; great cam.

Camsore Point. The old Irish name is earn, a monu- mental heap; the termination ore is Danish, and sig- nifies the sandy point of a promontory : Carnsore is merely Cam's ore, the ore or sandy point of the cam.

Carnteel in Tyrone; Carn-tSiadhail [Carn-teel], F. M., SiadhaVs or Shiel's cam (s eclipsed).

Cam Tierna near Fermoy. Tighernach [Tierna] Tet- bannach, king of Munster in the first century, was buried under the great cam which still remains on the top of the hill; and hence the name, signifying Tiema's cam.

Carntogher hills in Londonderry; the earn of the togher or causeway.

Irish Local Names explained. 25

Carrantuohill, the highest mountain in Ireland. It descends on the Killarney side by a curved edge, which the spectator catches in profile, all jagged and Berrated with great masses of rock projecting like teeth. Tuathail [thoohil] means left-handed, and is applied to anything reversed from its proper direc- tion; carrdn is a reaping hook; and Carrantuohill is " the reversed reaping hook," because the teeth are on a convex instead of a concave edge.

Carrick ; a rock, Irish carraig [carrigj.

Carrickbeg; little rock.

Carrickduff ; black rock.

Carrickfergus ; Fergus's rock.

Carrickraore ; great rock.

Carrick-on-Shannon. Carrick is here a corruption of carra, a weir; and the place took its name from an ancient weir across the Shannon. Its old anglicised name was Carrickdrumrusk, properly Carra-Drum- rusk, the weir of Drumru^.

Carrick- on- Suir ; the rock of the Suit; from a large rock in the bed of the river.

Carrig; a rock, the same as Carrick.

Carrigafoyle on the Shannon, near Ballylongford ; Car- raiff-a'-phoill, the rock of the hole ; from a deep hole in the river, near the castle.

Carrigaholt in Clare ; written by the F. M., Carraig-an- chohhlaigh [CarrigahowlyJ, the rock of the fleet; and it took its name from the rock which rises over the bay where the fleets anchored. The local pronuncia- tion of the Irish name is Carrigaholty, from which the present name is derived. Another place of the same name which preserves the correct pronunciation, is Carrigahowly on Newport bay in Mayo, the castl< of the celebrated Grace O'Malley.

Carrigaline in Cork ; the rock of O'Lehane.

Carrigallen in Leitrim ; Carraig-dluinn, beautiful rock; from the rock on which the original church was built.

Carrigan, Carrigane; little rock.

Carrigans ; little rocks.

Carrigdownane ; Downan's or Downing's roci

26 Irish Local Names explained.

Carrigeen ; little rock : Carrrigeens ; little rocks.

Carrignavar in Cork ; see page 3.

Carrigogunnell near the Shannon in Limerick ; Carraig-

O-gCoinnell, F. M., the rock of the O'Connells. Carrigroe ; red rock.

Carrow ; a quarter (of land). See Carhoo. Carroward; high quarter-land. Carrowbane, Carrowbaun ; white quarter-land. Carrowbeg; little quarter-land. Carrowcrin ; the quarter-land of the tree (crann). Carrowduff; black quarter- land. Carrowgarriff, Carrowgarve ; rough quarter {garbh,

rough). Carrowkeel ; narrow quarter {caelj narrow). Carrowraanagh ; middle quarter-land. Carrowmore; great quarter-land. Carrownaglogh ; the quarter of the stones (clock). Carrownamaddoo, Carrownamaddra, Carrownamaddy ;

the quarter of the dogs {madadh, and madradh). Carrowntober ; the quarter-land of the well (tobar). Carrowreagh, Carrowrevagh ; grey quarter (riabhach). Carrowroe ; red quarter-land. Cartron ; an Anglo-Norman word, meaning a quarter

of land, "lashel : all the places of this name, including Cashel in

Tipperary, were so called from a caiseal [cashel] or

circular stone fort. Cashen river; casdn a path; for this river was, as it

were, the high road into Kerry. Cashlan ; Caislen, a castle. Castlebane, Castlebaun ; white castle. Castlebar in Mayo ; shortened from Castle-Barry ; for it

belonged to the Barrys after the English invasion. Castlecomer ; the castle of the river-confluence (comar). Castleconnell near Limerick : see page 3. Castledermot in Kildare. The old name was Discrt-

dermot, Diarmad's desert or hermitage, from Diarmad

son of the king of Ulidia, who founded a monastery

there about A. D. 800. The present form of the

name is derived from a castle built there by Walter

de Biddlesford in the time of Strongbow.

Irish Local Names expiained. 27

Castledillon in Kildare ; Irish name Disert-Iolladhan [Disertillan], lolladhan^ i or lUan's hermitage ; and the word Castle was »ab8tituted for Disert as in last name.

Castlelyons in Cork ; the castle of O'Lehane or Lyons.

Castlemoyle ; bald or dilapidated castle (mael).

Castlepook ; the castle of the pooka or spright.

Castlerahan; the castle of the little rath or fort.

Castlereagh ; grey castle (riabkach).

Castle terra in Cavan ; a corruption from the Irish Cos- a' -tsiorratgh [Cussatirry], the foot(co«)of the searrach or foal. The name is accounted for by a legend about a stone with the print of a colt's foot on it.

Castleventry in Cork; the Irish name is Caislean na- gaeithe [Cashlaunnageeha], the castle of the wind, of which the present name is a kind of translation.

Cavan ; Cahhan, a hollow place. In some parts of Ul- ster it is understood to mean a hard round hill.

Cavanacaw ; the round hill of the chaff {path) ; from the practice of winnowing.

Cavanaleck; the hill of the flag-stone.

Cavanreagh ; grey hill (n'ahhach [reagh] grey).

Celb ridge in Kildare ; the cell, kill, or church, of the bridge ; a kind of half translation from the original Irish name Cill-droichid [Kildrohed], the church of the drohed or bridge, which is still retained as the name of the parish, but shortened to Kildrought.

Cheek Point on the Suir below Waterford ; a corruption of SJieega Point, the Irish name being Pointe-na-s'ige^ the point of the sheegas or fairies.

Claggan; Claigeann, the skull, a round hill.

Clankee, barony of, in Cavan; Clann-an-chaoich\_Clann- an-kee~\, the clan or descendants of the one-eyed man. They derived this cognomen from Niall O'Reilly, slain in 1256, who was called caech [kee], i. e. one- eyed.

Clanmaurice, barony of, in Kerry ; the clan or descend- ants of Maurice Fitzgerald.

Clanwilliam, baronies of, in Limerick and Tipperary; the clan or descendants of "William Burke.

Clara, Claragh j a level place j from clfw.

28 Irish Local Names explained.

Clare; a level piece of land (clar). Clareen ; little clar or level plain. Clare- Galway. Irish name Baile-an-chlair [Ballinclare],

F. M., the town of the plain ; of which only the latter

part is retained: called Clare- Galway to distinguish it

from other Clares. Clash ; Clais, a trench or furrow. Clashduff ; black trench. ClashgannifF, Clashganniv, Clashganny ; the trench of

the sand, 1, e. a sandpit {gainimh [ganniv], sand). Clashmore; great trench.

Cleenish ; Claen-inis [Cleeninish], sloping inis or island. Cleggan ; the same as Claggan. Clifden in Galway; a very modern corruption of the

Irish name Clochdn, which signifies a beehive-shaped

stone house. Cliffs of Moher. The term Mothar [Moher] is applied

in the south of Ireland to the ruin of a caher, rath,

or fort; and on a cliff near Hag's Head there stands

an old stone fort, called Moher O'Ruan, O'Ruan's

ruined fort, from which the cliffs of Moher received

their name. Clogh ; a stone ; often applied also to a stone castle. Cloghan, Cloghane, Cloghaun; a row of stepping stonep

across a river (from dock). Cloghbally; stony hallt/ or townland. Cloghboley, Cloghboola ; stony booley or dairy place. Cloghbrack ; speckled stone. Cloghcor; rough stone. Clogheen ; little stone or stone castle. Clogher; generally applied to stony land — a place full

of stones; but occasionally it means a rock. Clogherbrien in Kerry; Braen's stony place. Cloghereen ; a place full of stones {clock). Cloghermore ; great stony place. Cloghernagh, Clogherny ; a stony place. Cloghfin ; Cloch-Jinn, white stone. Cloghineely in Donegal; Clock- Chintifhaelaidh [Clogh-

KineelyJ, F. M., Kineely's or Mac Kineely's stone.

Name accounted for by a long legend. The stone

which gave name to the district is still preserved.

Iri^h Local Names explained. 29

Cloghoge ; a stony place.

Cloghpook ; the pooha's or spright's stone.

Cloghran ; Cloichredn, a stony place.

Cloghvoley, Cloghvoola, Cloghvoolia, Cloghvoula ; Chch-

bhuaile, stony hooley or dairy place. Cloghy ; a stony place. Clogrennan ; Cloch-grianain, the stone castle of the

gHanan or summer residence. Clomantagh in Kilkenny ; Mantagh's stone castle. Clon ; a meadow. See Cloon. Clonad; Cluain-fhada [Cloonada], long meadow Clonagh; Cluain-each, horse meadow. Clonallan in Down ; called by Colgan and others Cluain-

Dallain, Dalian's meadow ; from Dalian Forgall, a

celebrated poet of the sixth century. Clonal vy ; Cluain-Ailbhe, Ailbhe's or Alvy's meadow. Clonamery ; the meadow of the xomaire or ridge. Clonard in Meath ; written in Irish authorities Cluain-

Eraird, Erard's meadow. There are several other

places called Clonard and Cloonard ; but in these the

Irish form is probably Cluain-ard, high meadow. Clonamey ; Cluain-airTie, the meadow of sloes. Clonaslee ; the meadow of the sliffhe [slee] or road. Clonbeg; little meadow.

Clonbrock; the meadow of the brocs or badgers. Cloncrew in Limerick; Cluain-creamha [crawa], the

meadow of wild garlick. Cloncullen ; hoUy meadow. Cloncurry; shortened from C/uam-ConaiV« [Cloon-Con-

ary], F. M., Conary's meadow. Clondalkin near Dublin; Cluain-Dolcain, Dolcan's

meadow. Clonduff in Down ; Cluain-daimh [dav], O'C. Cal., the

meadow of the ox. Clone ; a meadow ; same as Clon and Cloon. Cloneen ; little meadow. Clonegall in Carlow; Cluain-na-nGaU [Cloon- nung-

aul], the meadow of the Galls or foreigners. Clonenagh in Queen's Count)' ; Cluain-eidhnech [enagh],

O'C. CaL, the meadow of ivy (see eidhtiedn in

Vocab.). It was so called before the sixth century,

and to this day it abotmds in ivy.

30 Irish Local Karnes explained.

Clones (pronounced in two syllables); Cluain-Eoi»

[Cloonoce], F. M., the meadow of I^os [Oce], a man's

name. Clonfad, Clonfadda, and Cloonfad; Cluain-fada, long

meadow. Clonfeaele in Tyrone; called Cluain-fiada [feekla] in

the Book of Leinster; the meadow of the tooth. Clonfert : the Book of Leinster writes the name Cluairi'

ferta, the meadow of the grave. Clongill ; Cluain- Gaill, the meadow of the foreigner. Clongowes ; the meadow of the smith {gobha). Clonkeen ; Cluain-caein [keen], beautiful meadow. Clonlea, Clonleigh, and Cloonlee ; Cluain-laegh [lee],

the meadow of the calves. Clonliff; the meadow of herbs {luhh^ an herb). Clonmacnoise ; written in Irish documents of the eighth

century Cluain-maccn-Nois, which was the old paijan

name ; and it signifies the meadow of the sons of

Nos. This Nos was the son of Fiadhach [Feeagh], a

chief of the tribe of Dealhhna or Delvin, in whose

territory Clonmacnoise was situated. Clonraeen ; Cluain-min [meen], smooth meadow. Clonmel ; Cluain-meala [malla], the meadow of honey

{mil). Clonmellon ; Cluain-milain, F. M., Milan's meadow. Clonmelsh ; Cluain-milis, sweet meadow (from honey). Clonmore ; great meadow. Clonmult; the meadow of the wethers (molt). Clonoghil ; the meadow of the jew-wood {edchaill). Clonoulty; Cluain-Ultaigh [ulty], the Ulsterman's

meadow. Clonshire ; Cluain-siar, western meadow. Clonsilla ; Cluain-saileach, the meadow of sallows. Clonskeagh ; Cluain-sceach, the meadow of the white

thorns. Clontarf; Cluain-tarhh [tarriv], F. M., the meadow of

the bulls. Clontibret; written by the annalists Cluain-tiohrat^ the

meadow of the spring {tipra, same as tohar). Clonturk, and Cloonturk ; the boar's meadow {tore\. Clonty ; same as Cloonty, which see.

Irish Local Names explained 31

Cloaygowan ; Cluain-na-ngamhan \_Cloon-nung-oicn'\, F. M., the meadow of the calves.

Clonyhurk; Cliiain-da-thorc [Cloonahork], F. !5I., the meadow of the two boars.

Cloon, and Cloone; a meadow. See Cluain in Vocabu- lary.

Cloonagh ; the meadow of horses {each).

Cloon ard. See Clonard.

Cloonawillin ; Cluain-a'-mhuilinn, the meadow of the mill.

Cloonbeg ; little meadow.

Clooncah ; the meadow of the battle (cath).

Clooncoose, Clooncose; Cluain-cuas, F. M., the mea- dow of the caves.

Clooncraff; same as Cloncrew.

Clooncunna, Clooncunnig, Clooncunny; the meadow of the firewood {conadh).

Cloondara; Cluain-da-rath, F. M., the meadow of the two raths or forts.

Cloonee and Clooney ; meadow land.

Clooneen; little meadow.

Cloonfinlough ; the meadow of the clear lake.

Cloonkeen; Cluain-caein, beautiful meadow.

Cloonlara; the meadow of the mare {Idrach).

Cloonlougher ; the meadow of the rashes {luachra).

Cloonmore ; great meadow.

Cloonnagashel in Mayo. See page 2.

Cloonshannagh, Cloonshinnagh ; fox meadow {iionnach).

Cloonshee ; the meadow of the fairies {sidh).

Cloonsillagh ; the meadow of sallows.

Cloonteen ; little meadow.

Cloonties ; Chainte, meadows (English plural form).

Cloontubbrid ; same as Clontibret.

Cloontuskert ; Cluain-tuaisceirt [tooskert], F. M., nor- thern meadow.

Cloonty ; Cluainte, meadows, plural of cluain.

Cloran, Cloraue, Clorhane; a stony place {clock).

Clough ; a stone or stone castle.

Cloyne in Cork ; shortened from Cluain-uamha [Cloon- ooa], as it is written in the Book of Leinster. The

39 Irish Local Names explained.

name signifies the meadow of the cave [uaimJi) ; and the cave is still to be seen,

ClydufF; black dyke or mound (cladh).

Colehill; Coll-choill, lis zel wood.

Colcraine. We are told in the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, that a chieftain named Nadslaa presented the saint with a piece of land on the bank of thl river Bann, on which to build a church. It was a Bpot overgrown with ferns, and it happened at the moment that some boys were amusing themselves by setting them on fire. Hence the place was called Cuil-rathain [Coolrahen], which Colgan translates Secessus filicis, the corner {cuil) of the ferns. Cool- rain, Coolrainey and Coolrahnee, are similarly de- rived.

Collon ; a place of hazels (coll).

Colp near Drogheda. According to an ancient legend, when the Milesian brothers invaded Ireland, one of them, Colpa the swordsman, was drowned at the mouth of the Boyne ; hence it was called Inver- Colpa, Colpa's river mouth ; and the parish of Colp, on its southern bank, retains the latter part of the name a little shortened.

Comber, Comer ; see page 4.

Com maun ; a little cum or hollow.

Conicar, Conicker, Conigar, Coney keare; Cuinicer [cun- nikere], a rabbit warren.

Conlig ; the Hag or stone of the hounds (cu).

Connello, baronies of, in Limerick. This was the an- cient territory of the tribe of Hy Conall or Hy Conaill Gabra [Goura] (so written in the Book of Leinster), who were descended and named from Conall, the ninth in descent from OlioU Olum, king of Munster in the second century.

Connemara. Maev, queen of Connaught in the time of Conor mac Nessa, had three sons by Fergus mao Eoy, ex-king of Ulster, namely, Ciar [Keer], Coti' mac, and Modhruadh [Moroo]. The descendants of Conmac were called ConmacnS (n«, a progeny), and they were settled in Connaught, where they gave name to several territories. One of these, viz., the

Irish Local Naincts explained. 33

district lying west of Lough Corrib and Longh Mask, Irom its situation uear the sea, was called, to distin- tinguish it from the others, Conmacne-mara (O'Dugan : mm'r, the sea, gen. mara), or the sea-side Conmacne, which has been shortened to the present name Con- nemara.

Connor in Antrim ; written Condeire or Condaire in various authorities; the derry or oak wood of the dogs (c«), or as it is explained in a gloss in the Mar- tyrology of Aengus, " The oak Avood in which were wild dogs formerly, and she wolves used to dwell therein."

Convoy, Conva ; Con-mhagh, hound plain {cii and magh).

Conwal ; Covglhail [Congwal], F. M., a habitation.

Cooga, Coogue ; Coigeadh [Coga], a fifth part.

Cool, Coole ; cuil, a corner, or cut, a back.

Coolattin ; the comer of the furze {aifeann).

Coolavin, a barony in Sligo ; Cuil- &bhFinn [Coolovin], F. M., the corner or angle of the O'Finns.

Coolbanagher ; the angle of the pinnacles. (See Bana- gher.)

Coolbane, Coolbaun ; white comer or back.

Coolcashin ; Cashin's corner or angle.

Coolderiy ; back derry or oak word.

Cooleen, little corner ; Cooleeny, little corners.

Cooleeshal, Coolishal ; low corner {iseal).

Cooley hills near Carlingford. After the defeat of the Tuatha De Dananns by the Milesians, at Teltown in Meath, the Milesian chief Cuailgne [Cooley], follow- ing up the pursuit, was slain here ; and the district was called irom him, Cuailgne, which name is still applied to the range of hills.

Coolgreany ; sunny corner or back {grian the sun).

Coolhill and Coolkill ; cid-choill, back wood.

Coolnahinch ; the corner of the ww«, island, or river meadow.

Coolock, Coologe ; little corner or angle.

Coolroe ; red comer or back.

Coom, Coombe ; ciim, a hollow or mountain valley.

Coomnagoppul at Killamey ; Cum-na-gcapall, the hoi- J)

34 Irish Local Names explained.

low or valley of the horses ; from the practice of Bending horses to graze in it.

CoomydufFnearKillarney; Cum-ui-Dhuihh [Coomywiv], O'DufF's valley; usually but erroneously translated Black valley.

Coos, Goose; cuas, a cave.

Coosan, Coosane, Coosaun ; little cave.

Cor, Corr. This word has several meanings, but it generally signifies a round hill.

Corballis, Corbally; odd townland : coj* here means odd.

Corbeagh ; round hill of the birch {leith).

Corcomohide in Limerick ; Corca-Muichet (Book of Lis- more), the race {corca) of Muichet, one of the disciples of the druid, Mogh Ruith.

Corcomroe, barony of, in Clare ; Corca-Modhruadh or Corcomruadh [Corcomrua : Book of Leinster], the race {cored) of Modhruadh, son of queen Maev. (See Connemara.)

Corcreevy ; branchy hill. Craehh [creeve], a branch.

Cordangan ; fortified cor or round hill.

Cordarragh ; round hill of the oak {dair).

Corduif ; black round hill.

Corgarve ; rough round hill (garhh).

Corglass ; green round hill (fflas).

Corick ; the meeting of two rivers.

Cork ; Corcach, a marsh. The city grew round a mo- nastery founded in the sixth century on the edge of a marsh, by St. Finbar ; and even yet a part of the city is called the Marsh.

Corkagh ; the same name as Cork.

Corkaguiny, barony of, in Kerry; Corca-Duihhne (divny : O'Dugan], the race {corca) of Duilhne, son of Carbery Muse, who was son of Conary II., king of Ireland from A. D. 158 to 165. D changed to^ : see page 4.

Corkaree, barony of, in Westmeath; Corca Raeidhe [flee: O'Dugan], the race {corca) of Fiacha Raidhe [Fecha Ree], grandson of Felimy the Lawgiver, king of Ire- land from A. D. Ill to 119.

Corkeeran, Corrakeeran ; the round hill of the keerant or quicken trees {caerthainn).

Corkey; the same name as Cork and Corkagh.

Irish Local Names explained. 35

Corlat ; the round hill of the sepulchres (leacht),

Corlea ; grey round hill.

Corlough ; the lake of the corrs or herons.

Cormeen; smooth round hill.

Cornaereeve ; the round hill of the hranchy tree (eraehh).

Comagee, Cornageeha; the round hill of the wind (gaeth).

Cornahoe ; the round hill of the cave {uaiinh).

Cornamucklagh ; the round hill of the piggeries. See Mucklagh.

Comaveagh ; the round hills of the ravens (Jiach).

Corratober; the round hill of the well (tohar).

Corrinshigo, Corrinshigagh ; the round hill of the ash trees. See Fuinnse in Vocabulaiy.

Corrofin in Clare; Coradh-Finne [Corrafinna], F. M., the weir of Finna, a woman's name.

Corskeagh ; the round hill of the white thorns.

Coshbride, Coshlea, Coshma, baronies, the first in "Waterford, the others in Limerick. Cosh (Irish cois, from cos a foot), means at the foot of, near, beside. Coshbride, the barony along the river Bride. Cosh- lea, cois-shleihhe [cushleva], at the foot of the sliahh or mountain, i. e. the Galties. Coshma, Cois-Maighe [ma], the barony along the river Maigue.

Craan, Craane ; a stony place (from cai-r).

Crag, Craig ; other forms of carraig, a rock.

Cran ; Craiin, a tree.

Cranfield; a corruption of GreamTi-choill [Cravwhill], the wood {colli) of wild garlic (creamh).

Crannagh ; a place abounding in cranns or trees.

Crannoge ; a habitation on an artificial island in a lake.

Cranny ; the same as Crannagh.

Cratloe, Crataloe ; sallow wood.

Craughwell ; Creamh-choill, wild garlic wood.

Crecora in Limerick ; Craehh-cumhraidhe [Crave-coory] O'Dugan, sweet scented creeve or branchy tree.

Creevagh ; a branchy place (craehh).

Creeve ; Craehh [creeve], a branch, a branchy tree.

Creevelea ; grey branch or branchy tree.

Creevy ; the same as Creevagh.

Creg, Cregg ; Creag^ a rock. d2

36 Irish Local Names explained,

Creggan, Creggane, Creggaun ; little rock, rocky ground. Cremorne barony in Monaghan ; Crioch - Mughdhorn

[Cree-Mourne], the country {crioch) of the tribe of

MugMhorna [Mourna], who were descended and

named from Mughdhorn [Mourne], the son of Colla

Meann, one of the three brothers who conquered

Ulster, and destroyed the palace of Emania in A. D.

332. Crew ; the same name as Creeve. Croagh ; Cruach, a rick or stacked up hill. Croaghan, Croaghaun ; a round or piled up hill. Croaghpatrick ; St, Patrick's rick or hill. Crock is very generally used in the northern half of

Ireland instead of Knock, a hill. Crockanure ; Cnoc-an-iuhhair, the hill of the yew. Crogh ; the same as Croagh. Croghan, Crohane ; the same as Croaghan. Crossakeel ; slender crosses. Crossan, Crossane, Crossaun ; little cross. Crossboyne ; Cros-Baeithin, Hy F., Baeithins or Boyne's

cross. Crosserlough ; the cross on {air) or near the lake. Crossgar ; short cross. Crossmaglen in Armagh ; Gros-meg-Fhloinn [Cros-meg-

lin : fh silent], the cross of Flann's son. Crossmolina in Mayo; Cros ' ui- Mhaelfhina, F. M.,

O'MuUeeny's or Mullany's cross. Crossoge ; little cross. Crossreagh ; grey cross {riahhach). Crott ; Cruit, a hump, a humpy backed hill. Cruagh ; the same as Croagh. Cruit ; the same as Crott. Crumlin, Cromlin; Cruim-ghlinn, [Crumlin], F. M.,

curved glen. Crusheen ; Croisin, little cross. Cuilbeg, Cuilmore ; little wood, great wood (coill). Culdaff; Cul-dahhach [Culdava], the back (c«Z) of tlie

flax-dam or pool. Culfeightrin in Antrim ; Cuil-eachtrann [Coolaghtran],

the corner {cuil) of the strangers. Cullan, Cullane, Cullaun ; a place of hazels {coll)

Irish Local Names cxjylained. 37

Culleen ; CoilUn, little wood.

Cullen ; Cuillionn [Cullen], holly, holly land.

Cullenagh ; a place producing holly.

Cullentrg, Cullentragh ; same as Cullenagh.

Cullenwaine in King's County ; Cuil-0-nDiihhain [Cool- onuan], F. M., the corner or angle of the O'Duanes.

Cullion ; the same as Cullen.

Cully ; woodland ; from coill.

CulmuUen in Meath ; the angle of the mill.

Cumber, Cummer. See page 4.

Curra, Curragh ; currach, generally a marsh ; some- times a race course.

Uurrabaha, Currabeha ; the marsh of the birch.

Curraghbeg ; little marsh.

Curraghboy ; yellow marsh.

CurraghdufF ; black marsh.

Curraghlahan, Curraghlane ; broad marsh.

CuiTaghmore ; great marsh.

Curragh of Kildare. The word here means a race course : the Curragh of Kildare has been used as a race course from the earliest ages.

Currahecn ; little currach or marsh.

Curry ; another form of Curragh, a marsh.

Cush. See Coshbride.

Cushendall in Antrim ; Cot's-ahhann-Dhalla [Cush-oun- dalla], the foot or termination of the river Dull.

Cushendun in Antrim ; called by the F. M., Bun- ahhann-Duine, the end, i. e. tlie mouth of the river Dun ; this was afterMards changed to Cois-ahhann- Diiine [Cush-oun-Dunny] by the substitution of Co/«, the foot or end for Bun.

Cutteen ; Coitchionn [cutteen], common, a commonage.

Dalkey Island near Dublin. The Irish name is Belg- inis (O'C. Cal.), thorn island; which the Danes, who had a fortress on it in the tenth century, translated to the present name, by changing Beig into their word Dalk, a thorn ; and substituting the northern word ey, an island, for inis.

Dangan ; Dainijean [dangan], a fortress.

Dangandargan in Tipperary ; Dargan's fortress.

Darragh ; a place producing oaks (dair\

38 Irish Local Names explained.

Darraragh, Darrery ; an oak forest, a place abounding in oaks {Dairbhreach).

Dawros ; Damhros, the peninsula of oxen {damh and ros).

Deelis, Deelish ; Duihh-lios [Divlis], black lis or fort.

Delvin. There were formerlj' seven tribes called Dealhh- na [Dalvana], descended and named from Lugh- aidh Benlhhaeth [Lewy Dalway], who was the son of Cas mac Tail (seventh in descent from Olioll Olum : see Connello), the ancestor of the Dalcassians of Thomond : Dealhhna, i. e. DeallhaetlCs descendants. None of these have perpetuated their name except one, viz., Dealbhna mor, or the great Dealhhna, from whom the barony of Delvin in Westmeath received its name.

Dernish, Derinch, Derinish; oak island («7aiV).

Derrada, Derradd ; Loire-fhada, long oak grove,

Derragh ; the same as Darragh.

Derreen ; little derry or oak grove or wood.

Derreens, Derries ; oak groves.

Derry ; Doire [Derry], an oak grove or wood.

Derryad, Derryadda ; Doire-fhada, long oak wood.

Derrybane, Lerrybawn ; whitish oak wood.

Derrybeg ; little oak wood.

Derrycreevy; the oak wood of the branchy tree.

Derrydorragh, Derrydorraghy ; dark oak wood (dorcha).

Derryduff; black oak wood.

Derryfadda; long oak wood.

Derrygarriff, Derrygarve ; rough oak wood {garlh).

Derrylahan, Derrylane; broad oak wood {leathan).

Derrylea ; grey oak wood.

Derrylough, Derryloughan ; the oak wood of the lake.

Derrymore ; great oak wood.

Derrynahinch ; the oak wood of the island or river meadow {inis).

Derrynane in Kerry; Do/r^-i^A/owam [Derry-Eenane: Fh silent], the oak grove of St. Finan Cam, a native of Corkaguiny, who flourished in the sixth century.

Derrynaseer ; the oak grove of the saers or carpenters.

Derry vullan in Fermanagh; Doire-Jfaclcmi [Dcrry- Velan : J/" aspirated], F. M., Maelau's oak grove.

Desert : Disert, a desert or hArmitafre.

Iriii'i Lul-'ja X -lines explained. 39

Desertcreat ; comipted from Diserida- Chrioeh [Di- sert-a-cree], F.M., the hermitage of the two ter- ritories. Desertegny ; Egnagh's hermitage. Desertmartin ; Martin's hermitage. Desertmore ; great desert or hermitage. Desert^erges in Cork ; Saerghus's hermitage. Devenish Island in Lough Erne ; Daimhinis [Davinish],

F. M., the island of the oxen {damh). Diamor ; written in the Dinnseanchus, Diamar, i. e., a

solitude. Dingle ; from Dingin, another form of Daingean, a for- tress, by a change of n to / (see page 3). Called ia the annals, Daingean-ui-Chiis, now usually written Dingle-I-Coush, the fortress of O'Cush, the ancient proprietor. Dinish, Deenish; Duthh-iniis [Divinish], black island. Disert; the same as Desert.

Donabate ; Domhnack-a' -hhaid, the church of the boat. Donagh; Domhnach [DownaghJ, a church. Donaghcloney in Down; the church of the cltmin or

meadow. Donaghcumper in Kildare; the church of the cummer or

confluence. Donaghedy in Tyrone ; Domhnach- Chaeide [^Donaheedj], the church of St. Caidoc, a companion of St. Colum- banus. Donaghmorc; great church. Donaghmoyne in Monaghan ; Domhnach- Mafghin^ the

church of the little plain. Donard ; high dun or fort.

Donegal. The Danes had a settlement there before the

Anglo-Norman invasion ; and hence it was called

Dun-na-nGall LDoonagall], the fortress of the Galls

or foreigners.

Doneraile in Cork ; written in the Book of Lismore

Dun-air-aiU, the fortress on the cliff. Donnybrook ; Domhnach- Broc, St. Broc's church. Donnycarney ; Cearnach^s or Carney's church. Donohill ; the fortress of the yew wood {eochaiU). Oonore; Dun-uaf>hair [_DunoorJ, F. M. the fort of pride.

40 Iri>>lt. Local Names explained.

Doogary; DulMhoire [Dooary], black derry or oak wood.

Doon ; Dun, a fortress.

Doonaii, Doonane ; little dun or fort.

Doonard; high fort.

Doonass near Killaloe; Dun-easa, the fortress of the cataract, i. e. the great rapid on the Shannon.

Doonbeg ; little fortress.

Doondonnell; Donall's fortress.

Dooneen; little fort.

Doonfeeny ; the fort of Finna (a woman).

Doonisky, Dunisky; the fort of the water {uisge).

Doonooney; Una's fort.

Douglas ; Dubh-ghlaise, black stream.

Down ; a form of Dun, a fortress.

Downings; Dooneens or little forts.

Downpatrick takes its name from the large entrenched dun near the cathedral. In the first century this fortress was the residence of a warrior of the Eed Branch Knights, called Celtchair, or Xeltar of the battles, from whom it is called in Irish authorities, Dunkeltar. By ecclesiastical writers it is commonly called Dun-da-letJi-glas, the fortress of the two broken locks {glas) or fetters. This long name was afterwards shortened to Dun or Down, whicli was extended to the county. The name of St. Patrick was added, to commemorate his connexion with the place.

Downs; duns ox iovis.

Dreen; Draeighean [drecan], the blackthorn.

Dreenagh; a place producing blackthorns.

Drcenan; blackthorn, a place of blackthorns.

Drehidtarsna in Limerick; cross bridge.

Dressoge, Dressogagh ; a briery or bushy place.

Dresternagh, Dresternan, Dristernan; same as Dres- soge.

Drim ; a form of druim, a ridge.

Drimecn, Drimmeen; little ridge.

Drimna, Drimnagh; ridges, a place full of ridges or hills.

Drinagh, Drinaghan ; a place producing dreens or black- thorns.

Iiiiii LuiUi 2si'iiiLi e.'j'iUi/ii tl. 41

Drinan, Drinaiin; the same as Drecnan. Drishaghaun, Drishaiie, Drishoge; same as Ih-essoge, Droghed ; Droichead, a bridge.

Drogheda; Broiched-aiha [Drohedaha], P.M., the bridge of the ford; from the ford across the Boyne, used before the erection of a bridge. Drom ; Druim, a ridge or long hill. Dromada, Dromadda ; long drum or ridge. Drombcg, Drumbeg; small ridge. Droracolliher in Limerick; a corruption of Druim- Coll- choille [Drum-Collohill], the ridge of the hazel wood. Dromdaleague in Cork; the ridge of the two Uags or

pillar stones. DromgarrifF; rough ridge. Dromin ; same meaning as Drom. Dromineer in Tipperary ; Druim-t'nhhtr [Druminver], the ridge of the itiver or river mouth : because it is situated near where the Xcnagh river enters Lough Derg. Dromkeen; beautiful ridge. Dromore ; great ridge or long hill. Dromtrasna; cross ridge. Drum ; Druim, a ridge or long hill. Druraad; Driiimfhada, long ridge. Dromadoon ; the ridge of the dun or fort. Dnimahaire in Leitrim ; Druim-da-ethiar [Drum-a-

ehir], F. M., the ridge of the two air-demons. Drumanure ; the ridge of the yew tree. Drumany, Drummany; ridges, ridged land. Drumard ; high ridge or long hill. Drumatemple; the ridge of the temple or church. Drumavaddy ; the ridge of the dog {madadh). Drumballyroney ; the ridge of O'Roney's town. Dnimbine, Drumbaun ; white ridge. Drumbai-net, the ridge of the gap (hearna). Drumbo, Drumboe; Druimho, F. M., the cow's ridge. Drumbrughas; the ridge of the farm-house. Drumcanon ; the ridge of the white-faced cow : ceann-

fhionn [canon], whitehead. Drumcar in Louth ; Druim-caradh FDrumcara], F. M., the ridge of the weir.

42 Irish Local Names explained.

DrumclifFin Sligo; Dnum-chliabh [Druracleev], F. M.,

the ridge of the baskets. Drumcolumb; St. Columba's ridge. Drumcondra; Conra's ridge. Dmmcrin ; the ridge of the tree {crann). Drum crow ; the ridge of the cattle sheds (cro). Drumcullen, Drumcullion ; the ridge of holly. Drumderg ; Druim-dearg, red ridge. Druraduff ; Druim-dubh, black ridge. Drumfad ; Druim-fada, long ridge. Drumgill ; the ridge of the Gall or foreigner. Drumgoose, Drumgose; the ridge of the caves {cuas). Drumgowna, Drumgownagh ; Druim-gamhnach, the ridge

of the heifers. Drumharriff, DrumherrifF; Druim-thairhh [Drum-har-

rivj, the ridge of the bull. Drumhillagh ; see page 2. Drumhirk ; Briiim-thidrc, the ridge of the boar. Drumhome in Donegal. In O'C. Cal. the name is written Druim-Thuama [Drumhooma], and Adam- nan translates it Dorsum Tommae, the ridge of Tomma, a pagan woman's name. Drumillard, Drummillar ; the eagle's ridge (iolar).

Drumkeen ; beautiful ridge.

Drumkeeran ; the ridge of the quicken trees.

Drumlane; Druim-leathan [lahan], F. M., broad ridge.

Drumlease ; JJruim-Uas, the ridge of the huts.

Drumlish ; the ridge of the lis or fort.

Drumlougher ; the ridge of the rushes (luachra).

Drumman ; same meaning as Drum.

Drummeen; little ridge.

Druramin ; same meaning as Drum.

Drummond; a corrupt form of Drumman. See page 4.

Drummuck ; the ridge of the pigs (nmc).

Drummully ; the ridge of the summit {mullach),

Drumnacross; the ridge of the cross.

Drumneen; little ridge.

Drumquin ; Druim- Chuinn, Conn's ridge.

Drumraine, Drumrainy ; ferny ridge (rdlhatn).

Drumrcugh ; Bniim-riabbuch, grey ridge.

Drumioe; J)>utm-ruudh,ivd jidg«.

Irls^ Local Hames explained. 43

Dramroosk ; the ridge of the ruosk or marsh.

Drumshallon ; the ridge of the gallows (sealan).

Drumshanbo ; the ridge of the old loth or tent (scan, old).

Drumsillagh; see page 2.

Drumsna, Drumsnauv ; Druim-snamha [snawa], the ridge of the swimming. See Lixnaw.

Drumsurn ; the ridge of the furnace or kiln (sorn).

Duagh in Kerry; Dulh-ath [Dooah], black ford, from a ford on the river Feale.

Dublin. The name is written in the annols Duihh- linn [Duvlin], which, in some of the Latin Lives of the saints, is translated Nigra therma, black pool ; it was originally the name of that part of the Liffey on which the city is built, and is sufficiently descriptive at the present day. In very early ages an artificial ford of hurdles was constructed across the Liffey, where the main road from Tara to "Wicklow crossed the river ; and the city that subsequently sprung up around it was called from this circumstance Ath' cliath [Ah-clee], F. M., the ford of hurdles, which was the ancient name of Dublin. This name is still used by speakers of Irish in every part of Ireland ; but they join it to Bally — Baile-atha-cliath (which they pronounce Blaa-clee), the town of the hurdle ford.

Dufferin, barony of, in Down ; I>uhh-thrian [Duv-reen],

F. M., the black treeii or third part. Duhallow in Cork ; Duthaigh-Ealla [Doohy-alla], F. M., the district of the Alio, from the Blackwater river, a portion of which was anciently called the Alio. Dulane in Meath ; Tuilen, F. M., little tulach or hill. Duleek in Meath ; Laimhliag [Davleeg], O'C. Cal., stone

house or church {daimh, a house, and Hag). Dunamase in Queen's County; should have been called Dunmask, for the Irish name is Bun-Masg, F. M., the fortress of Masg, who was one of the ancestors of the Leinster people. Dunamon in Galway; so called from a castle of the same name on the Suck ; but the name, which the annalists write Dun-Iomgain, Imgan's fort, was an- ciently applied to a dun, which is still partly pre- served.

44 Irish Loc al Names explained.

Dunboe in Deny ; the fortress of the cow.

Dunboyne; Dun-Baeithin, Bacithiti's orBoyne's fort.

Duncannon ; Conan's fortress.

Duncormick ; Cormac's fortress.

Dundalk. The name was originally applied to the great fortress now called the moat of Castletown, a mile inland, which was the residence of Cuchullin, chief of the Eed Branch knights in the first century. Dim- Dealgan [Dalgan], F. M., the fortress of Dclga, a Firbolg chief, who built it.

Dunderrow in Cork ; written Dun-dermaigi [Dundar- wah] in the Book of Leinster, the fortress of the oak- plain (see Durrow) : and the large dun from which it received the name is still in existence, half a mile south of the village.

Dundonald in Down, Donall's fortress ; so called from a fort that stands not far from the church.

Dundrum ; Dun-droma, F. M., the fortress on the ridge or hill.

Duneane in Antrim ; written in the Felire of Aengus, Dun-da-en [Dun-a-ain], the fortress of the two birds.

Dunfanaghy; i>MM-7<Yo»nf/<on [Finahan], Finchu' s iort.

Dungannon in Tyrone; Dun-Geanainn [Gannin], F. M., GeanarCs or Gannon's fortress.

Dungarvan; Dun-Garhhain, F. M., Garvan's fortress.

Dunhill ; Bun-aille, the fortress of the cliff.

Dunkineely in Donegal ; Jhin-mhic-Chionnfhaelaidh [Dunvickaneely], Mackinecly's fort.

Dunkit; Ct'a^s or ICeth's fortiTss.

Dunleer in Louth. Old name Land-lcri (Book of Lein- ster), the church {land or lann) of austerity. Present name formed by substituting dvn a fort for lann.

Dunluce castle near the Giant's Causeway ; Dunlios, F. M., strong lios or fort. Dim is here an adjective, meaning strong.

Dunmanway in Cork. Old name Dun-na-mbeann [Dun- aman], F. M., the fortress of the gables or pinnacles. The last sylhible tvaij is from bw'dhe yellow [bwee , or with the b aspirated, wee] :— Dunmanway, the fortress of the 5'cllow pinnacles.

Dunmore; gi-eat fort-

Irish Local Names explained. 45

Dunmurry; Dun-Muireadhaigh, Murray's fort.

Dunquin in Kerry ; Dun-caein [DunkeenJ, F. M., beau- tiful fort.

Dunshaughlin in Meath. A church was founded here for bishop Sechnall or Secundiiius, St. Patrick's ne- phew; and hence it was called Domhnach-SeachnaiU fDonna-Shaughnill], F. M., the church of St. Secli- nall, which has been shortened to the present name.

Duntryleague in Limerick. According to a passage in the Book of Lisraore, a dun or palace was built here for Cormac Cas, son of Olioll Olum (see Connello); and his bed was supported by three liagdns or pillar stones, from which the place was called Bun-tri-Uag, the fortress of the three Hags or pillar stones.

Durrow in King's County, a favourite residence of St. Columbkille. Venerable Bede has a short passage in his Eccl. Hist. (lib. iii., cap. iv.), in which the ori- ginal form and translation of this name are given : — " Before he (Columba) passed over into Britain, he had built a noble monastery in Ireland, which, from the great number of oaks, is in the Scotic (Irish) language called Dearmhagh [DarwahJ, the* field of the oaks" {dair and magh).

Dysart and Dysert ; the same as Desert.

Dysartenos in Queen's County. St. Aengus the Culdee, who died in the year 824, built a cell for himself here ; and hence the place was called Disert-Aenghusa^ Aengus's hermitage.

Easky in Sligo ; from the river : — lascach [Eeska], fishy (from iasg, a fish).

Eden: ijudoti [edan], the brow; a hill brow.

Edenderry ; the hill brow of the oak wood.

Edenmore ; great hill brow.

Edergole, Edergoole ; see Addergoole.

Eglish ; a church ; same as Aglish.

Eighter ; locktar [eeter], lower.

Eliogarty in Tipperary ; a shortened form of Ely O'Fo- garty (shortened by having the/aspirated and omitted : see page 2), O'Fogarty's £lg, so called from its ancient possessors the O'Fogartys. See Ely.

Elphin in Roscommon. St. Patrick founded a church

46 Irish Local Names explained.

here near a spring, over which stood a large fitone ; and hence the place was called Aill-Jinn, which Col- gan interprets the rock {aill) of the clear spring {Jinn white, clear).

Ely. The different tribes called Mle or Ely were so named from their ancestor Eile, the seventh in descent from Cian, son of Olioll Olum (see Connello).

Emlagh ; Imleach [Imlagh], land bordering on a lake ; and hence a marshy or swampy place.

Emly in Tipperary. St. Ailbhe founded his establish- ment here in the fifth centmy, on the margin of a lake, which has been only lately drained. The place is called in the Irish authorities Imleach-iolhair [yure], the lake-marsh of the yew tree.

Emlygrennan in Limerick ; a corruption of the Irish name Bile-Ghroidhn'in [Billa-Gryneen], Grynan's an- cient tree.

Enagh, the name of twenty townlands. Sometimes Aenach, a fair ; sometimes JSanach, a marsh,

Ennereilly in Wicklow ; Inhher-Daeile [Invereela], F. M., the inver or mouth of the river formerly called the Deel, now the Pennycomequick.

Ennis ; inis, an island ; a meadow along a river.

Enniskeen ; Inis-caein [keen], E. M., beautiful island or river meadow.

Enniskerry; ^^A-wa-scaw-JAe [Annascarvy], the ford of the scarriff or rough river-crossing ; from an ancient stony ford where the old road crosses the river.

Enniskillen; Inis-Cethlenn [Kehlen], F, M., the island of KetJilenn, wife of Balor, the Fomorian king of Tory Island.

Ennistimon; Inis-Diomain, F. M., Biaman^s river meadow.

Errigal; Aireagal, a habitation, a small church.

Errigal Keeroge in Tyrone ; Aireagal Dachiarog [Da- keeroge], F. M., the church of St. Dachiarog.

Errigal Trough in Monaghan; the church of (the barony of) Trough.

Esker ; Eiscir, a sandhill.

Eskeragh, Eskragh; a place full oi esTcen.

Ess, Essan, Essaun; a waterfall.

Irish Local Names explained. 47

Estersnow in Roscommon ; a strange corruption from the Irish Disert- Nuadhan (Nooan), F. M., the hermitage of St. Nuadha (Nooa). Disert is often corrupted to ister, ester, tirs, iristle, &c.

Faddan ; Feadan, a small brook.

Faha, Fahy; an exercise green. See i^<»YA<;A^ in Voca- bulary.

Farnagh, Famane, Farnoge ; a place ofFeams [Farns], or alders.

Farney in Monaghan ; Fearnmhagh (Famvah), Book of R., the alder plain {/earn and magh).

Farran ; Fearann, land.

Farset, Farsid ; Fearsad, a sandbank in a river.

Fartagh, Fertagh ; a place of graves {feart).

Fasagh, Fassagh ; a wilderness (Fdsach).

Fassadinin in Kilkenny; the fasagh or wilderness of, or near, the river Dinin.

Feagh ; Fiodhach [Feeagh], a woody place (Jidh).

Fearmore ; great grass (feur) or grassy place.

Feddan; the same as Faddan.

Feenagh ; Fiodhnach [Feenagh], woody (Jidh) ; a woody place.

Feighcullen in Kildare ; Fiodh- Chuiltnn, F. M., CuUen's wood.

Fenagh ; the same as Feenagh.

Fennor ; Fionnalhair [Finner], F. M., white field.

Fermanagh; so called from the tribe of Fir-Monach, (O'Dugan), the men of Monach, who were origi- nally a Leinster tribe, so named from their ancestor, Monach, fifth in descent from Cahirmore, monarch of Ireland from a. d. 120 to 123.

Fermoy in Cork ; Feara-muighe [Farra-moy], O'Dugan, the men of the plain.

Fermoyle ; Formaeil, a round hill,

Femagh, Ferney ; same as Farnagh.

Ferns ; Fearna [Farna], F. M., alders, a place abound- ing in alders: English plural termination added.

Ferrard, barony of, in Louth ; Feara-arda [Farra-arda], F. M., the men of the height, i. e. of Slieve Bregh.

Fethard; Fiodh-ard [Feeard], F. M., high wood.

Fews, baronies of, in Armagh; Feadha [^'a.'], F. M.,

48 Irish Local Names explained.

woods; with the English plural termination added. Fews in "VVaterford has the same origin.

riddan, Fiddane, Fiddaun ; same as Faddan.

Fiddown in Kilkenny ; Fidh-duin [Feedoon], F. M., the Avood of the dun or fort.

Fingall, a district lying north of Dublin, in which the Danes settled; and hence it was called F'me-G(dl (O'C. Cal.), the territory or tribe (/hie) of the Galls or foreigners.

Finglas; clear stream {fionn, white, clear; and glaise).

Finn river and lake in Donegal ; Loch-Finne, the lake of Finna, a woman, about whom there is an interest- ing legend. The river took its name from the lake. See Origin and History of Irish Names of Places, page 167.

Finnea in "Westmeath ; Fidh-an-atha [Fee-an-aha] F. M., the wood of the ford.

Fintona; Fionn-tamhnach [Fintowna], F. M., fair co- loured field.

Foil ; Faill, a cliff.

Foilduff; black cliff.

Forenaght, Forenaghts, Fornaght, Farnaght; For- nocht, a bare, naked, or exposed hilh

Formil, Formoyle, Formweel ; same as Fermoj'le.

Forth. The descendants of Ohy Finn Fothart [Fohart], brother of Conn of the hundred battles (king of Ire- land from A. D. 123 to 158), were coXiiiH Futharta [Foharta], Book of II. Some of them settled in the present counties of Wexford and Carlow, where the two baronies of Forth still retain their name.

Foy, Foygh ; forms of Faithche. See Faha.

Foybeg, Foymore ; little and great exercise green.

Foyduff ; black exercise green.

Foyle; same as Foil.

Freagh, Frcugh Fraech, heath, a heathy place.

Freaghduff, FrccdufF; black heath.

Freaghillan, Freaghillaun ; heathy island {pileun).

Freshford ; Irish wamc Achadh-ur i]^ook ofLeiuster), Avhich should have been translated Freshfield: Achadh was mistaken for atli.

Freughmore, Freaghmore ; great heath.

/'r'l-ih. Lo<:'.:( S'd/ics e.rpyiincd. 49

Fancheon^; Fuinnseann [Funshin], the ash tree: the

ash-prodiicing river. Funshin, Funshinagh, Funshog, Funshoge; a place

producing ash trees {fuinnse). Galbally, Gallavally, Galvallj', Galwally ; English town 5

Gall here means an Englishman. Galboley, Galboola, Galbooley, Galwolie ; a hooUy or

dairy place belonging to Galls or English people. Gallagh ; a place full of rocks or standing stones. See

Gall in Vocabulary. Gallan, Gallane ; Gallon, a standing stone. Gallon. The descendants of Cormac Gaileng, groat

grandson of Olioll Olum (see Connello), were called

Gailenga (O'Dugan), the race of Gaileng, and they

gave name to the barony of Gallen in Mayo. Gallon is used in Cavan to signify a measure of land. Gallow ; another form of Gallagh, which see. Gardrum, Gargrim ; Gearr-dhruiin, short ridge or hill :

d changed to g in Gargrira (see p. 4). Garnavillain Tipperary ; G^flr;a/?-a'-Wj7tf[Garranavilla],

the shrubbery of the bile or old tree. Garracloon ; Garhh-chhiain, rough meadow. Garran, Garrane, Garraun ; Garrdn, a shrubbery. Garranamanagh ; the shrubbeiy of the monks (^manach). Garranbane, Garraubaun ; white shrubbery. Garranekinnefeake ; Kinnefeake's shrubbery. Uarry ; a garden {garrdha). Garryard ; high garden. Garrycastle. The Mac Coghlans' castle, near Banaghcr

in King's County, is called in the annals Garrdha-an-

chaidein [Garraucashlane], the garden of the castle ;

and fiom this the modern name Gariycastle has been

foi-med, and extended to the bai'ony. GarrydufF; black garden (duhh). Garrymore ; great garden. Garryowen near Limerick ; Owen's garden. Garrysallagh ; dirty garden {salacli). Gariyspellane ; Spellane's garden. Gartan ; a little garden. See Gort in Vocabulary. Garvagh ; Garbhach, rough land (from garlh, rough). Gnrvaghy j rough achndh or fie I'l.

60 Irish Local Names explained.

Garvary ; Garlhaire, rough land.

Gay island in Fermanagh ; goose island {gedh),

Geara, Gearagh, Gairha ; Gaertha [gairha] a hushy place along a river.

Gearhameen river at Killarney ; min smooth, small; a gearha composed of small delicate bushes.

Giants' Causeway. Irish name Clochdn-na-lhFomharaigh [Clohanavowry], the doghan or stepping stones of the Fomorians. These sea rovers were magnified into giants in popular legend, and the name came to be translated " Giants' Causewa3^"

Girley in Meath ; GreaUach [Grallagh], a miry place.

Glack ; Ohio, a hollow.

Glaubehy ; birchy glen {heith).

Glantane, Glantaun ; little glen.

Glanworth in Cork ; recently corrupted from its Irish name, Gleann-amhnach [Glenounagh], as it is written in the Book of Rights, the watery or marshy glen.

Glascloon ; green cloon or meadow.

Glasdruramon, Glasdrummond ; green ridge.

Glashaboy, Glashawee; yellow streamlet (glaise and buidhe).

Glasheen ; a little sk-eam.

Glasmullagh ; green mullach or summit.

Glasnevin near Dublin ; takes name from a streamlet flowing through Delville into the Tolka at the bridge. In remote ages some pagan chief named JVaeidhe [Nee], must have resided on its banks ; from him it was called Glas-Naeidhen [Neean], F. M., Naeidhe^s streamlet; and the name extended to the village, while its original application is quite forgotten.

Glassan ; a green place.

Glasthule ; Glas-Tuathail [thoohil], TuathaVs or Toole's streamlet.

Glenagarey ; Gleann-na-gcaerach [Glenagaira], the glen of the sheep {caera).

Glenanair ; the glen of slaughter (rfr).

Glenavy in Antrim. The ^ is a modern addition. The Irish name, as given in tlie Calendar, is Lann- Alhaich [Lanavy], the church of the dwarf. AVhen St Patrick had built the church there, he left it ia

Iri'^li Local Xd'iiies cxplahied. 51

charge of his disciple Daniel, who, from his low sta- ture, was called Alliac [avak or ouk], i. e. dwarf.

Glenbane, Glenbaun ; wliite glen.

Glencar on the borders of Leitrim and Sligo; Gleann-cC- chairthe [Glenacarha], the glen of the pillar stone (cairfhe).

GlencuUen, Glencullin ; holly glen {cuillionn).

Glendine, Glandine; deep glen (doimhin).

Glendowan mountains in Donegal; same as Glendine.

Glen duff; black glen {dubh).

Glengarriff ; rough or rugged glen (garlh).

Gleninagh ; ivy glen (see eidhnedn in Vocabulary).

Glenkeen ; beautiful glen.

Glenmore; great glen,

Glennamaddy; the valley of the dogs (madadh).

Glenogra in Limerick ; Ogra's glen.

Glenosheen in Limerick ; Oisiii^s or Osheen's glen.

Glenquin, barony of, in Limerick ; see p. 4.

Glenreagh, Glenrevagh ; grey glen.

Glenroe ; red glen {ruadh).

Glentane, Glentaun ; little glen.

Glenties in Donegal ; Gleamitaidhe [glenty], glens ; from two fine glens at the head of which it stands.

Glenwhiny in Antrim ; Gleami-d'-choire [Glenacurry : change of ch to wh), the glen of the river Curry or Coire. Coire means a caldron, and the river got this name from a deep pool formed under a cataract.

Glynn ; a glen or valley.

Gneeve, Gneeves; Gniomh [gneeve], a measure of land.

Gola; forks ; the plural oi gahhal [goul].

Golan ; a little goul or fork.

Golden in Tipperary ; Gabhailin [Gouleen], a little fork: the Suir divides there for a short distance, forming a fork.

Gort ; Gort, a tilled field.

Gortahork, Gortahurk ; the field of the oats {coirce).

Gortalassa ; the field of the lis or fort.

Gortanure, Gortinure ; the field of the yew.

Gortavoher ; the field of the holier or road.

Gortboy ; yellow field (huidke).

Gortbrack ; speckled field {hreac). i«2

62 Irish Local Nantes explaiiud,

Gorteen ; little field.

Gortfad, Gortfadda ; long field,

Gortgranagh ; grain field.

Gortin ; little field ; same as Gorteen.

Gortmore ; great field.

Gortnaglogh ; Gort-na-gdoch, the field of the stones.

Gortnagross; Gort-na-gcros, the field of the crosses.

Gortnahoo, Gortnahoon ; the field of the cave (uaimh).

Gortnamona ; the field of the bog (mom).

Gortnamucklagh ; the field of the piggeries. See Muck-

lagh. Gortnasillagh ; the field of the sallows. Gortnaskea, Gortnaskeagh, Gortnaskeha, Gortnaskey ;

the field of the sceachs or whitethoi'n bushes. Gortreagh ; grey field {riahhach). Gortroe; red field (ruadh). Gougane Barra in Cork ; St. Finbar's rock-cleft. Goul, Gowel ; Galhal, a fork. Gowlan, Gowlane, Gowlaun ; little fork. Graffa, Graffin, Graffoge, Graff'y; grubbed land, or laud

rooted up by a grafaun or grubbing axe. Graigue ; a village.

Graiguenamanagh ; the village of the monks. Grallagh; (rr^a/ZacA [Grallagh], a miry place. Granagh, Granaghan ; a place producing grain. Grangegeeth ; windy grange {gaeth). Grausha ; a grange, a place for grain. Greagh ; a moory level spot among hills. Great CoTinell; great conglhail or habitation (see Con.

wal). Greenan, Greenane, Greenaun, Grenan; Grianan, a

summer residence, a royal palace. From grian, the

sun. Greenoge ; a sunny little spot. From grian. Grillagh, Grelhigh; same as Grallagh. Gurteen; little tilled field; same as Gorteen. Gurteenroe ; red little field.

Guilcagh; a place producing broom (giolcacli, broom\ Uyleen near Trabolgan in Cork ; little gobhal or fork Heagles near Ballymoney; EagJais, a church. Howth; from the Danish Moved, a head. Old Irish

Irish Local Names explained. 53

name Ben Edar, the peak of Edar, a legendary per- sonage.

Idrone, baronies of, in Carlow. So called from the tribe of Hy Drona (Book of R.), the former occupants, ■who were named from their ancestor Drona, fourth in descent from Cahirmore, monarch of Ireland from A. D. 120 to 123.

lUan, Illane, Illaun ; Oiledn [oilaun], an island.

Imaile in "VVicklow ; Sy Mail (O'Dugan), the descend- ants of Mann Mai, brother of Cahirmore. See Idrone.

Inch ; Inis, an island ; a low meadow along a river.

Inchraore ; great island or river meadow.

Inis, luish ; an island.

Inishannon in Cork; written in the Book of Leinster/»i>- Eoganain [Inishowenan], Owenan's or little Owen's island or river meadow.

luishargy in Down; called in the Taxation of 1306, Inyscargi, showing that the Irish form is Inis-car- raige, the island of the rock. The rising ground ■where the church stands was formerly surrounded by marshes,

Inishbofin ; the island of the white cow (bo) : — name explained by a legend.

Inishkeen ; beautiful island.

Inishkeeragh ; the island of sheep (caera).

Inishlounaght in Tipperary; Inis-leamhnachia [loun- aghta], the island or river holm of the new milk • probably because it ■was good grazing land.

Inishmaan, Inishmean ; middle island (tneadhon).

Inishmacsaint, a parish in Fermanagh, taking its name from an island in Lough Erne, which is called in the annak Inis-muighe-samh [moy-sauv], the island of the plain of sorrel, from which the present name has been formed by a corrupt pronunciation.

Inishmore ; great island.

Inisho-wen in Donegal; the island of Owen, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages (king from 379 to 405). See Tyrone.

Inishrush ; the island of the peninsula {ros).

Inishtm-k in Mayo; Inis-tuirCy Hy F., the boai-'s island {tore). Several islands of this name.

54 Irish Local Names explained.

Inishtioge in Kilkenny ; written in the Book ofLeinster Inis-Teoc, Teoc's island.

Innisfallen in the lower Lake of Killarney; called in the Book of Leinster Inis-Faithlenn [Fahlen], the island of Faithlenn, a man's name.

Inver ; Inhhear [inver], the mouth of a river,

Ireland's Eye. Original name Inis-Ereann [Eran] (the island of Eii-e or Eria, a woman), of which the pre- sent name is an attempted translation. Eye is tha Danish ey, an island ; and the translators understand- ing Ereann to mean Ireland, rendered the name Ire- land's Ey (or island) instead of Eria's Ey. (See Origin and History of Irish Names of Places ; pp. 76, 101, 104.)

Isertkelly in Galway ; corrupted (similarly to the next two names) from Biseart-Cheallaigh [Disertkelly], r. M., CellacKs or Kelly's hermitage.

Isertkieran in Tipperary ; the desert or hermitage of St. Kieran of Ossory, See Seirkieran.

Ishartmon in "Wexford ; the desert or hermitage of St. Munna. See Taghmon.

Island Magee ; the island or peninsula of the Mac Aedhas or Magees, its former possessors. Anciently called Rinn-Seimhne [Rinn-sevne], the point of Seimhne^ the old territory in which it was situated.

Iveleary in Cork ; took its name from the O'Learys, its ancient proprietors. See next name.

Iverk in Kilkenny; Ui-Eirc [_Ee-erc], O'Dugan, a tribe name, signifying the descendants of Ere. Ui [ee] or uibh [iv], signifies descendants.

Iveruss in Limerick; the old tribe of Uihh-Rosa the descendants of Rosa.

Kanturk in Cork ; Ceann-tuirc [Kanturk], F. M., the boar's head or hill ; from the hill near the town.

Keadew, Keady ; Cetde [Keady], a hill level and smooth at top.

Keale, Keel ; Caol, narrow ; a narrow place, valley, or river.

Keeloge, Keeloges; Caeldg, a naj*row stripe or ridge.

Kcelty; Coillte [Coiltha], woods, from coill.

Kccnagh, Keenajilian; a mossy nlace (caenach, moss).

Irish Local Names explained. 55

Keenaght barony in Londonderry. The descendants of Cian [Kean], son of OlioU Olum (see Connello), were called Cianachta [Keenaghta], i. e. the race of Cian. The 0' Conors of Glengiven, who were a portion of this tribe, possessed the barony of Keenaght, and gave it its name.

Keimaneigh, pass of, in Cork; Ceim-an-fhiaigh [Kame- an-eej, the pass of the deer {fiadh).

Kenmare ; Ceann-mara, the head of the sea (muir), i. e. the highest point reached by the tide in a river. See Kinvarra and Kinsale.

Kerry. The descendants of Ciar [Keer : see Conne- mara] were called Ciarraidhe [Keery : Book of R.], i. e. the race of Ciar; they possessed the territory lying west of Abbeyfeale, which was called from them Ciarraighe, and ultimately gave name to the whole county.

Kesh in Fermanagh ; Ceis [Kesh], a wickerwork cause- way.

Keshcarrigan in Leitrim ; the wickerwork causeway of the little rock.

Kilbaha; Coill-heithe, birch wood.

Kilbarron in Donegal; St. Barron's church.

Kilbarry in Waterford and Cork ; from St. Finbar. See Cork and Gougane Barra.

Kilbeg ; small church or wood.

Kilbeggan ; Beccan's church.

Kilbeheny; Coill-beithne [Kilbehena], F. M., birch, wood.

Kilbreedy ; Cill-Bhrighde, St. Brigid's church.

Kilbride ; the same as Kilbreedy.

Kilbroney ; church of Bronagh, a virgin saint.

Kilcarragh in Kerry and Waterford; the church of St. Carthach [Caurha] of Lismore.

Kilcavan in Wexford ; church dedicated to St. Kevin of Glendalough.

Kilcleagh and Kilclay ; same as next name.

Kilclief in Down ; Gill-cleithe [Kilcleha], the hurdle church {cliath). The original church was constructed of hurdles, after the early Irish fashion.

Kilcolmnn; St. Colman's church.

56 Irhh Local Names explained.

Kilcoramon ; St. Coman's church.

Kilcullen ; Cill-cmUinn, the church of the liolly.

Kildalkey in Meath; written in an Irish charter in

the Book of Kells, Cill'Delga, Delga's church. Ivildarc. According to Animosus, St. Brigid built her

little cell here under a very high oak tree ; and hence

it was called Cill-dara, which the same writer trans- lates Cella quercus, the cell or church of the oak. Kildimo in Limerick ; St. Dima's church. Kildorrery in Cork ; Cill-dairhhre [Kildarrery], the

church of the oaks. See Darraragh. Kildrought in Kildare. See Celbridge. KildufF; black church or wood. Kilfinnane in Limerick; the church of St. Finan. See

Ardfinnan. Kilfithmone in Tipperary ; the church of the wood of

the bog {fulh and moin). Kilfiyn ; Elann's church. IvilgarrifF, Kilgarve; rough wood. Kilgarvan ; St. Garhhmi's or Garvan's church. Kilkee in Clare; St. Caeidhe's [Kee's] cluirch. Kilkeedy in Clare and Limerick ; St. Caeide's [Keedy's]

church. Kilkeel; narrow church. Kilkenny ; Gill- Chainnigh [Kilkenny], F.M., the church

of St. Cainneach, or Canice, who died in the year

598. See Aghaboe. Killadysart ; the church of the desert or hermitage Killaloo in Clare and Kilkenny ; Cill-Dabia [Killaioo .

d aspirated — see p. 2], the church of St. l^alua or

Molua, who flourished in the sixth century. Killanumraery in Leitrim; GUl-an-iomaire [ummera],

F. M., the church of the ridge. Killarney; Cill-airne, the church of the sloes. Killashandra. The original church was built within

the enclosure of a rath or fort which still partly

exists; hence Cill-a'-sean-ratha [Killashanraha], the

church of the old rath. Killashee in Kildare ; CiU-ausaille, the church of St.

Ausaille or Auxilius, a contemporary of St. Patrick.

Killashee in Longford is probably the church of iho

sidh or fa'wv hill.

Irish Local Names explained. 57

Killaspugbrone near Sligo. In the Book of Armagh it is stated that St. Patrick built a churcli at Cassel Irra for liis disciple BrSn or Bronus, who became bishop of Cuil Irra, the peninsula lying south-west of Sligo: hence the place was called GiU-easpuig- Brdin, F. M., the church of bishop Bronus (eaxpug, a bishop).

Killaspuglonanc in Clare ; Cill-easpuig-Fhlanndin, F. M., the church of bishop Flannan.

Killawillinin Cork; Cill-a'-mhuihnn, the church of the miU.

Killeany in Clare and Galway; the church of St Eany or Endeus of Aran, who flourished in the fifth century.

Killeedy in Limerick ; the church of the virgiu saint Ita or IJe, who founded a nunnery here in the early part of the sixth centurj-. See Kilmeedy.

Killeen, the name of more than 80 townlands ; nearly all from Cillin a little church; but a few from Coill'in, a little wood.

Killeentierna in Kerry; TighernacJi's [Tierna's] little church.

Killeigh in King's County ; Cill-achaidh [Killahr], F. M., the church of the field.

Killenaule in Tipperary ; the church of St. Naile [Nawly] or Natalis.

Killery harbour in Connemara ; corrupted by a change of Ho r (see p. 3), from Cael-shaile [Keelhaly], nar- row sea-inlet; but the full name is Cael-shaile- ruadh, F. M., the reddish (ruadh) narrow sea-inlet.

Killevy or Killeavy in Armagh ; called, from its proxi- mity to Slieve Gullion, Cill-shl&ibhe [Killeva], F. M., the church of the sliahh or mountain.

Killiney in Dublin ; corrupted from Cill-inghen [Kil- lineen] ; full name Ctll-inghen-Leinin, the church of the daughters of Leinin.

Killiney in Kerry ; the same as Killeany.

Killisk, Killiskey ; the church of the water (uisge).

Killoe; Cilled, O'C. Cal., the church of the yews

Killure; Cill-iulhair, the church of the yew.

Killursa; Cill-Fhursa, the church of St. Fursa, who flourished in the sixth century.

58 Irish Local Names explained.

Killybegs ; Cealla-heaga, F. M., little churches. Killygorden in Donegal ; Coill-na-gcuiridin [Kilnagur-

ridin], F. M., the wood of the parsnips. Killj'on; the church of St. Liadhan [Leean] or Lie-

dania, mother of St. Ciaran of Ossory. See Seir-

kieran. Kilmacanoge in Wicklow ; the church of St. Mochonog,

one of the primitive Irish saints. Kilmacrenan in Donegal; see p. 3. Kilmainham near Dublin ; see p. 4. Kilmallock in Limerick ; Cill-Mocheallog [Kilmohelog],

the church of St. Mocheallog, who flourished in the

beginning of the seventh century. Kilmanagh near Kilkenny ; Gill-manach (Mart. Taml.),

the church of the monks. Kilmeedy ; the church of St. MdS, or Ite ; for both are

the same name. See Killeedy. Kilmihil ; the church of St. Michael the Archangel. Kilmore ; there are about 80 parishes and townlands of

this name, most of them signifying great church,

some great wood {cill and coill). Kilraurry; there are more than fifty places of this

name, which were all so called from places dedicated

to the Blessed Virgin : Cill-Mhuire, Mary's church. Kilnaleck; the wood of the flag-surfaced land. Kilnamanagh in Tipperary ; Coill-na-manachy F. M.,

the wood of the monks. Kilnamona ; the church of the bog (moin). Kilpatrick ; St. Patrick's church. Kilquane; Cill-Chuain, St. Cuan's church. Kilroot in Antrim ; Cill-ruadh, F. M., red church. Kilrush; the church of the wood or peninsula. Kilskeer in Meath ; the church of the virgin saint

Scire, who flourished in the sixth century. Kiltenanlea in Clare ; Cill-tSenain-leith, the church of

St. Senan the hoary. Kiltullagh in Roscommon ; Cill-tulaigh, the church of

the hill. Kiltybegs ; CoilUe-leaga, little woods. Kilwatcrmoy in Waterford ; water is here a corruption

of uachtar, upper : the church of the upper plain.

Irish Local Names explained. 59

Kinalea, barony of, in Cork; Cinel-Aedha [Kinel-Ay], O'Dugan, the descendants of Aedh or Hugh, who was the father of Failhhe-Flann, king of Munster in A. D. 636.

Kinalmeaky, barony of, in Cork ; Cinel-viBece [Kinel- mecka], O'Dugan, the descendants oiBece, the ances- tor of the O'Mahonys.

Kinard ; Ceann-ard, high head or hill.

Kinawley in Fermanagh ; Cill-Naile [Kilnawly, which would have been the correct anglicised form], O'C. Cal., the church of St. Naile or Natalis, who died in A. D. 564.

Kincon ; the hound's head {ceann and cu\

Kincora at Killaloe, the site of Brian Boru's palace, took its name from an ancient weir across the Shannon ; Ceann-coradh [Kancora], F. M., the head or hill of the weir.

Kinneigh, Kinnea; Ceann-ech, F. M., the horse's head or hill.

Kinnitty in King's County; Ceann-Eitigh [Kan-Etty], EtecKs head ; so called, according to a gloss in the Felire of Aengus, because the head of Etech, an ancient Irish princess, was buried there.

Kinsale, Kinsaley ; Ceann-saile, the head of the brine, i. 6. the highest point to which the tide rises in a river. See Kenmare.

Kinure; Ceann-iuhhair, the head of the yew.

Kinvarra in Galway ; Geann-mhara, F. 31., the head of the sea. See Kenmare.

Knappagh; Cnapach, a place full of maps or round hillocks.

Knock; Cnoc, a hill.

KnockacuUen ; the hill of the hoUy.

Knockaderry ; the hill of the oak wood.

Knockagh ; Cnocach^ a hilly place.

Knockainy in Limerick ; the hill of Aine or Ainy, a celebrated lanshee.

Knockalisheen ; the hill of the little lis or fort.

Knockalough; the hill of the lake.

Knockane, Knockaun ; little hill.

Knockanglass, Knockaneglass ; green little hill.

60 Irish Local Names exjjlalned.

Knockanixe ; see i)age 2.

Knockaiiroo, Knockancroo, Knockaunroo; red little

hill. Knockanure; Cnoc-an-iuhhai}\ yew hill. Knockatemple ; the hill of the temple or church. Knockatarriv, Knockatarrj', KnockaterrifF; Cnoc-a*'

tairhh, the hill of the bull. Knockatobcr ; the hill of the well. Knockatoor; the hill of the tuar or bleach green. Knockatotaun ; Cnoc-d! -icotain^ the hill of the burning

or conflagration. Knockaunbaun ; white little hill. Knockavilia, Knockaville ; the hill of the hile. or old

tree. Knockavoe near Strab^ne ; Gnoc-Biddhlh [Knockboov],

F, M., the hill of Bove Dcrg, a legendary Tuatha De

Dauann chief. Knockbane, Knockbaun ; white hill. Knoekboy; Cnoc-luidhe, yellow hill. Knockbraek; Cnoc-lreac, speckled hill. Knockcroghery in Roscommon; the hill of the crochm're

or hangman : it was a place of execution. Knockdoo, Knockduif j see page 2. Knockeen ; little hill. Knockfierna in Limerick ; Cnoc-firinne, the hill of truth,

or of truthful prediction; for it serves as a weather

glass to the people of the circumjacent plains, who

can predict whether the da)' will be wet or diy by

the appearance of the summit in the morning. Knockglass ; Cnoc-glas, green hill. Knockgorm ; Cnoc-gorm, blue hill. Knocklayd in Antrim ; called from its shape Cnoc-leithid

[lehid], the hill of breadth, i. e. broad hill. Knocklofty in Tipperary; Cnoc-lochta, the lofted or

shelving hill. Knocklong in Limerick; Cnoc-luinge, the hill of the

encampment; for Cormac mac Art encamped with his

army, on this hill, when he invaded Muuster in the

third century. Knockmanagh ; middle hill. Knockmealdo wn mountains; Cnoc-IIaeldomhnaigh, Mael-

Irish Local Names explained. 61

Knockmore; great hill.

Knockmoyle; Cnoc-mael, bald or bare hill.

KnockmuUin; the hill of the mill.

Kiiocknaboley, Knocknabooly ; the hill of the hooley or

dairy place. Knocknacrohy ; Cnoc-na-croiche, the hill of the gallows ;

a place of execution. Knocknagapple, Knocknagappul ; Cnoc na-gcapall, the

hill of the horses. Knocknagaul in Limerick; the hill of the Galls or

foreigners. . Knocknageeha ; the hill of the wind (gaeth). Knocknagin ; Cnoc-na-gceann [na-gan], the hill of the

heads ; a place of execution. Knocknaglogh ; the hill of the stones (clock). Knocknagore; the hill of the goats {gabhar). Knocknahorna ; the hill of the barley {eorna). Knocknamona; the hill of the bog. Knocknamuck; the hill of the pigs. Knocknarea in Sligo ; the hill of the executions. See

Ardnarea. Knocknaskagh, Knocknaskeagh ; the hill of the sceachs

or white thorn bushes. Knockninny, a hill in Fermanagh, which gives name to

a barony; Cnoc-Ninnidh [2sinuy], the hill of St.

Ninnidh, who was a contemporary of St. Columba. Knockpatrick; Patrick's hill. Knockraha, Knockrath, Knocknaraha; the hill of the

rath or fort. Knockranny; Cnoc-raithnigh [rahnee], ferny hill. Knockrawer, Knockramer, Knockrower, Knoekrour ;

Cnoc-reamhar [rawer or rower], fat or thick hill. Knockreagh ; grey hill. Knockroe ; red hill.

Knockshanbally ; the hill of the old town. Knocksouna near Kilmallock in Limerick ; written in

the Book of Lismore, Cnoc-Samhna [Souna], the hill

of Savihuin [Sowan or Savin], the first of 2s ovember,

which was kept as a festival by the pagan Irish. See

Origin and History of Irish Names of Places, p. 194. Knocktemple; the hill of the temple or church.

G2 Irish Local Natnes explained.

Knock topher in Kilkenny ; see page 4.

Knoppoge, Knappoge ; a little hill. See Knappagh.

Kyle; about half the names partly or wholly formed from Kyle, are from Cill, a church; the other half from Coin, a wood.

Kylebeg ; small church or wood.

Kylemore; generally great wood (cotll); sometimes great church (cill). Kylemore (lake) near the Twelve Pins in Connemara, is Coill-mhor, great wood.

Labba, Labby; Zeaba [labba], a bed, a grave.

Labbasheeda in Clare ; Leaha-Sioda, Sioda's or Sheedj'^'s lahba, bed, or grave.

Labbamolaga ; St. Molaga's grave. See Templemolaga.

Lack; leac [lack], a stone, a flag stone.

Lacka ; the side of a hill.

Lackabane, Lackabaun ; white hill side.

Lackagh ; a place full of stones or flags.

Lackamore ; great hill side.

Lackan ; the same as Lacka : a hill side.

Lackandarragh, Lackendarragh ; the hill side of the oaks.

Lackareagh; grey hill side (r/fftAacA). -

Lackaroe ; red hill side {ruadh).

Lackeen ; a little rock or flag.

Lacken ; the same as Lacka ; a hill side.

Lag, Legg ; a hollow; a hollow in a hill.

Lagan; a little hollow; sometimes it means a pillar stone (liagan). The river Lagan probably took its name from a little hollow on some part of its course.

Laghil, Laghile; LeamhcJioill [Lavwhill], elm wood.

Laght; Leacht, a sepulchre or monument.

Laghy ; a slough, a miry place.

Laharan ; Leath-fhearann [Laharan], half land.

Lahard; Leath-ard, half height; a gentle hill.

Lahardan, Lahardane, Lahardaun ; a gentle hill.

Lakyle ; Leath-choill, half Avood.

Lambay island near Dublin; the latter part is Danish : Lamb-cy, i. e. lamb island. Its ancient Irish name was Rechru or Reachra; and the adjacent parish on the mainland was called from it, Port-Reachrann rportrahernj, the port or landing place ot Reachra,

iriah Local Names explained. 63

whicli in the course of ages, has heen softened down to the present name, Portraine.

Laragh, Lauragh; Lathrach, the site of any th!jg.

Laraghbiyan in Kildare ; Bryan's house site.

Largan ; Leargan, the side or slope of a hilL

Largy; Leargaidh, same meaning as last.

Lame in Antrim ; LatJiarna (Lahania : Book of 1^.), the district of Lathair [Laher], son of Hugony the great, monarch of Ireland before the Christian era. Until recently it Avas the name of a district which extended northwards towards Glenarm ; and the town was then called Inver-an-Lahai-na, the river mouth of (the territory of) Lame, from its situation at the mouth of the Ollarhha or Lame Water.

Latt ; the same word as Laght.

Latteragh in Tipperary ; Leatvacha [Latraha], the plural oiLeitir, a wet hill-side (see Letter). It is called in O'C. Cal., Letracha-Odhrain [Oranl, Odhran's wet hill-slopes, from the patron, St. Odhran, wLo died in the year 548.

Laughil ; LeanihcJioill [Lavwhill], elm wood.

Laune river at Killaraey ; Leamhain, F. M., elm ; the elm-producing river.

Lavagh ; Leamhach [Lavagh], a place producing elms.

Lavally ; Leath-lhaile, half town or townland.

Lavey in Cavan ; the same as Lavagh.

Leagh ; Liath [Leea], grey; a grey place.

Learn ; Leim, a leap.

Leamlara in Cork; the mare's leap.

Leamnamoyle in Fermanagh ; the leap of the mael or hornless cow.

Lear ; the same as Lyre.

Lecale, barony of, in Down; Leth- Chathail [Lecahil], F. M., CathaVs half. Cathal was a chief who flou- rished about the year 700, and in a division of ter- ritory, this district was assigned to him, and took hi» name.

Lecarrow; Leth- ceathram?uidh [Lecarhoo], half quarter (of land).

Leek ; the same as Lack.

Leckan, Leckaun ; the same as Lackan.

64 Iriuli Local Names exijlained.

Leckpatrick ; Patrick's flag- stone.

Lecg, Leek, Leeke ; the same as Lack.

Legacurrj'-, Legaghory ; Lag-a-choire [curry], the hollow {lag) of the caldron or pit.

Legan, Logaun ; the same as Lagan.

Legland ; same as Leighlin. D added : see p. 4.

Lehinch ; Leith-innse, F. M,, half island, i. e. a penin- sula.

Leighlin in Caiiow; Leith-ghlionn [Leh-lin], F. JNl., half glen ; from some peculiarity of formation in the little river bed.

Leighmoney ; grey murne or shrubbery.

Leinster. In the third century before the Christian era, Lalhradh Loivgseach [Lavra Linshagh, Lavra the mariner], brought an army of Gauls from France to assist him in recovering the kingdom from his uncle, the usurper, CofFagh Gael Era. These foreign soldiers used a kind of broad pointed spear, called laighen [layen] ; and from this circumstance the province in which they settled, which had previously borne the name of Galian, was afterwards called Laighen, which is its present Irish name. The termination ster, which has been added to the names of three of the provinces, is the Scandinavian or Danish stadr, a place. Laighen- ster (the place or province of Laighen) would be pro- nounced Laynster, which is the very name given in a state paper of 1515, and which naturally settled into the present form, Leinster.

Leitrim, the name of more than 40 townlands and vil- lages ; Liath-dhruim [Lee-drum], F. M., grey drum or ridge.

Leixlip ; a Danish name, meaning salmon leap [lax, a salmon), from the well-known cataract on the Liffey, still called Salmon leap, a little above the village. By Irish-Latin writers it is often called Saltus- salmonis (the leap of the salmon) ; and from this word saltus, a leap, the baronies of Salt in Kildare havo taken their name.

Xeraanaghan in King's County; Liath-Manchain, F. M., St. Manchan's grey land.

Xena, Leny ; a wet meadow.

Irish Local Names explained. 65

Lenamore ; great wet meadow.

Lerrig in Kerry ; a hill side. See Largan.

Letter ; Leitir, a wet hill side.

Lettera, Letteragh, Lettery ; wet hill-sides. See Lat- ter agh.

Lctterkenny ; a shortened form of LetUr-Cannanan, the O'Cannanans' hill-slope. The O'Cannanans, or as they now call themselves,- Cannons, were anciently chiefs or kings of Tirconnell, till they ultimately sank under the power of the O'DonneUs.

Lettermacaward in Donegal; Leitir-Mic-a^-bhaird, the hill slope of Mac "Ward, or the bard's son.

Lettermore ; great wet hill- side.

Lettermullan ; Leitir-Meallain, F. M., Meallan's hill- slope.

Levally ; the same as Lavally.

Leyny. The descendants of Luigh or Lewy, the son of Cormac Gaileng (see Gallen), were called Luighne [Leyny : O'Dugan], and they gave name to the barony of Leyny in Sligo {ne, descendants).

Lick; the same as Lack and Leek.

Lickbla in "Westmeath ; shortened from Ltag-Bladhma [Leeg-Blawma], F. M., the flag-stone of JBladh [Blaw], a man's name. See Slieve Bloom.

Lickeen ; little fliig- stone.

Lickfinn in Tipperary; white flag- stone.

Lickmolassy in Galway; St Molaise's [Molasha's] flag- stone.

Lickoran ; the flag of the cold spring {uaran).

Limerick ; corrupted from the Irish form Luimnech [Liminagh], F, M., by a change of n to r (see p. 3) : the name signifies a bare spot of land, from lom, bare.

Lis, Liss ; Lios, a circiilar earthen fort.

Lisalbanagh ; the AlbanagKs or Scotchman's fort

Lisanisk, Lisauisky ; the fort of the water {uisgey

Lisbane, Lisbaun ; white lis or fort.

Lisbellaw ; Lios-hel-atha, the lis of the ford-mouth.

Lisboy ; yellow fort ; probably from furze blossoms.

Liscannor in Clare ; Canar's fort.

LiscarroU in Cork ; CearlhaWs or Carroll's fort.

66 Irish Local Names explained.

Liscartan ; the fort of the forge (ceardcha).

Lisdoonvarna in Clare ; takes its name from a large fort on the right of the road as you go from Bally vaghan to Ennistymon. The proper name of this is Dun- hhearnach [Doonvarna], gapped fort (see Barna), from its shape ; and the word Lis was added, somewhat in the same manner as "river" in the expression "the river Liffey:" Lisdoonvarna, i. e. the lis (of) Doon- varna.

Lisdowney in Kilkenny ; Downey's fort.

LisdufF, Lisdoo ; Lios-duhh, black fort.

Lisheen ; little lis or fort.

Lislea; Lios-liath [lee], grey fort.

Lisle vane in Cork ; Lios-leamhain, elm fort.

Lismore ; great fort Lismore in Waterford received its name from the lis or entrenchment built by St. Car- thach [Caurhagh] round his religious establishment. It was previously called Magh-sciath [Maskee], the plain of the shield. See Origin and History of Irish Names of Places, p. 261.

Lismoyle; Lios-mael, bald or dilapidated fort.

Lismullin; the fort of the mill.

Lisnagat; Lios-na-gcat, the fort of the (wild) cats.

Lisnageeragh ; the fort of the sheep (caera).

Lisnalee; the fort of the calves (laegh). See p. 2.

Lisnamuck ; the lis or fort of the pigs.

Lisnaskea in Fermanagh; the fort of the sceach or whitethorn tree. It took its name from the cele- brated Sceach-ghahhra [Skagowra], under which the Maguire used to be inaugurated.

Lisnisk, Lisnisky ; the fort of the water.

Lissan, Lissane ; little lis or fort.

Lissaniska, Lissanisky ; the fort of the water.

Lissaphuca ; the fort of the pooka or spright.

Lissard ; high fort.

Listowel; Ltos- I'uathail [Lis-Thoohir\, Tuathal' s fort.

Lissonuffy in Roscommon ; Lios-0-nDuhhthaigh [Liso- nufiy], F. M., the fort of the O'Duffys.

Lixnaw in Kerry; Lic-Snamha [Snawa], F. M., the flag-stone of the swimming (snamh). See Drumsna.

Loughill, Loughil ; Leamhchoill f Lavwhill], elm wood.

Irish Local Names explained. 67

Londonclerry. Its most ancient name, according to all our authorities, yfasDoire- Chalffaich[I)erTj-Ga]gagh.'], the derry or oak wood of Calgach or Galgacm. In the tenth or eleventh century it began to be called Derry- Columcille, in honour of St. Columkille, who founded his monastery there in 546 ; and this name continued to the time of James L, whose charter, granted to a company of London merchants, imposed the name of Londonderry.

Longfield ; in almost all cases a corruption of Leamh- choill [Lavwhill], elm wood.

Longford ; Longphort [Longfort], a fortress. The town of Longford is called in the Annals Longford O'Far- rell, from a castle of the O'FarreUs, the ancient pro- prietors.

Loop Head in Clare ; a Danish modification of Leap Head; Irish Leim- Chonchuillinn [Leam-ConhuUin], F. M., CuckuUtn's leap. For legend see Origin and History of Irish Names of Places, p. 163.

Lorum in Carlow ; Leamh-dhruim [Lavrum], elm ridge.

Lough ; a lake ; an inlet of the sea.

Loughan, Loughane, Loughaun ; little lake.

Loughanreagh ; grey little lake.

Loughbeg ; little lake.

Lough Boderg ; the lake of the red cow.

Lough Bofin ; the lake of the white cow.

Loughbrickland ; corrupted by changing r to /, and adding d (see pp. 3 and 4), from Loch-Bricrenn, F. M., the lake of Bricriu, a chief of the first century.

Lough Conn in Mayo; Loch-Con, F. M., the lake of the hound.

Lough Corrib ; the correct Irish name is Loch Orlsen. F. M., which was corrupted by the attraction of the c sound in Loch to Orhsen, and by the omission of the syllable sen. Orhsen was another name for Manannan Mac Lir, a celebrated legendaiy personage.

Loughcrew in Meath ; Loch-craeibhe [creeve], the lake of the branchy tree.

Lough Derg on the Shannon ; contracted from Loch- Lergdherc [Dergerk], the lake of the red eye, which is explained by a legend.

68 Irish Local Names explained.

Lough Derravara in "Westmeath; Loch- Bairlhr each [Darravara], F. M., the lake of the oaks. See Dar- raragh.

Lough Erne ; the lake of the Ernai, a tribe of people.

Lough Finn ; see Finn river.

Lough Guitane near Killarney; Loch-coitedin [cut- thaun], the lake of the little cot or boat.

Lough Melvin ; corrupted from Loch-Meilghe [MelyeJ, the lake of Meilghe, an ancient king of Ireland.

Lough Neagh ; written in the Book of Leinster Loch- nJEchach [nehagh], the lake of Eochy [Ohy], a Munster chief, who was drowned in it at the time of its eruption in the first century. The JV is a mere grammatical inflection, and the name is often used ■without it; for instance, we find it spelled Lough Laugh in Camden, as well as in many of the maps of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Lough Oughter in Cavan; Loch-uachtar, upper lake, i. e. upper as regards Lough Erne.

Loughrea in Galway ; Loch-riahhach, grey lake.

Lug ; a hoUow ; the same as Lag and Leg.

Lugduft' mountain over Glendalough; black hollow, from a hollow at the base.

Luggelaw ; the hollow of the lagh or hill.

Lugmore; great hollow.

Lugnaquillia, the highest mountain in Wicklow ; Lug- na-gcoilleach [Lugnagulliagh], the hollow of the cocks, i. e. grouse.

Lumcloon ; bare meadow {lorn, bare).

Lurgan ; the shin ; a long hill.

Lurganboy ; yellow long hill.

Lurraga ; the same as Lurgan.

Lusk in Dublin ; Lusca, a cave.

Lusmagh in King's County ; the plain of herbs (/««, an herb).

Lynally. In the sixth century there was a forest here called the wood of Ela ; and the church founded by St. Colman, about the year 590, was thence called Lann-Ealla (O'C. Cal.), the church of Lla, which has been anglicised to the present name.

Lynn ; a form of Lann, a house or church.

Irish Local Natnes explained. 69

Lyre; Ladhar [Lyre], a fork formed by rivers or glens.

See Lear. Mace ; Mas [Mauce], the thigh, a long low hill. Mackan, Mackanagh, Macknagh, Mackney; a place

producing parsnips {meacan, a parsnip). Macosquin in Derry; corrupted from Magh-Cosgrain

[Macosgran], F. M., Cosgran^s plain. Maghera ; Machaire, a plain. Maghera in Down and

Maghera in Derry, are both contracted from Machaire-

ratha [Maghera-raha], the plain of the fort. Magherabeg; little plain. Magheraboy ; yellow plain. Magheracloone ; the plain of the chon or meadow. Magheraculmoney ; the plain of the back {ckT) of the

shrubbery. Magheradrool in Down ; Machaire-eadarghabhal [Ma-

ghera-addrool], the plain between the (river) forks

{eadar, between; Q.ndi gabhal). See Addergoole. Magherahamlet in Down ; the plain of the Tamlaght or

plague monument. See Tallaght. Magheramenagh ; middle plain (meadhonach). Magheramore ; great plain. Magherareagh ; grey plain (riahhach). Maghery ; a form of ifaghera, a plain. Magunihy, barony of, in Kerry ; Ifagh-gCoincimia

[Magunkinny], F. M., the plain of the O'Conkins. Mahee island in Strangford Lough ; the island of St.

Mochaei [Mohee], bishop, a disciple of St. Patrick,

and the founder of Nendrum, Maigue, a river in Limerick ; called J/ayrA in the annals,

i. e., the river of the plain. Mallow in Cork ; called in the Annals MagTi-Edlla

[Moyallo], the plain of the river Alio, which was

anciently the name of that part of the Blackwater

flowing by the town. See Duhallow. Manulla in Mayo ; Magh-Fhionnalbha [Mah-Innalva],

Hy. F., Finalva's plain. Massareene in Antrim; Mds-a'-rt'oghna [Massareena],

the queen's bill. Maul ; Meall, a lump, a hillock. Maum ; Madhm [Maum], a high mountain pass.

70 Irish Laval Names explained.

Maumturk ; the pass of the boars {tore).

Maw ; Magh, a plain.

Maynooth ; Magh-Niiadhat [Ma-nooat], F. M., Miadh- afs plain ; from Nuadhat, king of Leinster, foster- father to Owen More king of Munster. See Bear.

Mayo ; Maghed [Ma-6], the plain of the yews. Full name Itagheo-na-Saxan, F. M., Mayo of the Saxons, from a number of English monks settled there in the seventh century, by St. Colman, an Irish monk, after he had retired from the see of Lindisfame.

Meelick ; Miliiic [Meeluck], F. M., low marshy ground.

Meen ; a mountain meadow.

^Meenadrcen ; the mountain meadow of blackthorns.

Meenkeeragh ; mountain meadow of the sheep.

i\Iilleen; a little hillock. See Maul.

Moan ; Moin [mono], a bog. See Mon.

Moanduff J black bog.

Moanmore ; great bog.

Moanroe ; red bog.

Moanvane, Moanvaun j Moin-hhdn, white bog.

Moat ; M6ta, a high mound.

Moate in "Westmeath ; from the great mound at the vil- lage; full name Moategranoge, the moat of Graine-6g or young Grace, who, according to tradition, was a Munster princess.

MocoUop ; the plain {magh) of the collops or cattle.

Modeshill; Alagh-deisiol {^l&.-d.e^h.iY], southern plain.

Mogeely ; Magh-Il^, F. M., the plain of He or Ely.

Moher; see Cliffs of Moher.

Mohill; Maethail [M waybill], soft or spongy land; from maeth, soft.

Moig, Moigh ; forms of Magh, a plain.

Moira ; Magh-rath, F. M., the plain of the forts.

Mon ; a bog. See M xin.

Monabraher, Monambraher, Monamraher ; Moin-na- mhrathar, F. M., the bog of the .friars.

Monagay in Limerick ; the bog of the goose (gedh) ; from wild geese.

Monaghan; MutneachAi\ F. M., a place full of little hills or brakes {muine).

Irish Local ^ujuti c^piauud. 71

ifonamintra in TVaterford ; Moin-na-mhaintreahhaiyh [Monamointree], the bog of the widows.

Monard; high bog.

Monasteranenagh in Limerick ; Mainister-an-aenaigl [Monasteraneany], F. M., the monastery of the fain Anciently called Aenach-beag, little fair.

Monasterboice in Louth; the monasteiy of St. Boethius or Buite, who founded it in the sixth century.

Slonasterevin ; the monastery of St. Evin, the founder a contemporary of St. Patrick.

Monasteroris in King's County; MainisUr-Fheorais, [orish : F aspirated and omitted — see p. 2], the monastery of Mac Feorais or Bermingham, who founded it in A.D. 1325.

Monear ; a meadow.

Moneen ; a little bog {moin). *

Money ; Muxne [munny], a shrubbery.

Moneydorragh ; Muine-dorcha, dark or gloomy shrub- bery.

Moneyduff; Muine-duhh, black shrubbery.

Moneygall ; the shrubbery of the Galls or foreigners.

Moneygorm ; Muine-gorm, blue shrubbery.

Moneymore; great shrubbery.

Monivca in Galway; Muine-an-mheadha [Money-an-va], F.M., the shrubbery of the mead, a kind of drink.

Monroe ; Moin-riiadh, red bog.

Montiagh, Montiaghs; Mointmch, a boggy place.

Morgallion. A branch of the Gailenga (see Gallen), settled in Leinster, and a portion of them gave name to the ievviiovj oi Mor- Gailenga or the great Gail- enga, now the barony of Morgallion in Mcath.

Mothel, Mothell ; same as MohilL

.^Iountmellick. The old anglicised name is Moniiagh- meelick, the bogs or boggy land of the meelick or marsh. See Montiagh and Meelick.

Moume mountains in Down. The ancient name was Beanna Boirche [Banna-Borka], F. M., the peaks of the shepherd Boirche., who herded on these mountains the cattle oiRoss, king of Ulster in the third century. About the middle of the twelffh century, a tribe of the Mac Mahons from Cremorue (see Cremorne),

72 Irish Local N'ames explained.

Bettled in the south of the present county of Down,

and gave their tribe name of Mughdhorna [Mourna],

to the barony of Mourne, and to the Mourne mountains. Movilla in Down ; Magh-hhile [Ma-villa], O'O. Cal., the

plain of the ancient tree. Moville in Donegal ; the same as last. Moy ; Magh [mah], a plain. Moyacomb in Wicklow ; Magh-da-cTion [Moy-a-con],

r. M., the plain of the two hounds. MoyalifFin Tipperary; Magh-Ailbhe [Moyalva], F. Jf.,

Ailbhe's or Alva's plain. Moyard ; high plain.

Moyarget; MagTi-airgid, the plain of silver. Moyarta in Clare ; Magh-fherta {fh silent : see p. 2),

the plain of the grave. Moycullen in Galway ; the plain of holly. Moydow in Longford ; Magh-dumha [Moy-dooa], F. M.,

the plain of the burial mound. Moygawnagh in Mayo ; written in the Book of Lecan,

Magh-gamhnach, the plain of the milch cows. Moyglass ; green plain. Moygoish. The descendants of Colla TJais (see Cre-

morne), were called Tli mic Uais [Ee-mic-Oosh] ; a

portion of whom were settled in Westmeath, and gave

their name to the barony of Moygoish. Moyle ; Mael, a bald or bare hill. Moylough ; the plain of the lake. Moymore ; great plain. Moynalty in Meath ; Magh-nealta [Moynalta], the plain

of the flocks {ealtd). Moyne ; Maighin [Moin], a little plain. Moynce in Clare ; same as Mayo : the » is a grammatical

accident. Moynure; the plain of the yew {iulhar). Moyrus ; the plain of the ros or peninsula. Moys ; i. e. plains ; from magh. Muckamore in Antrim ; Magh-comair [Ma-cummcr],

P. M., the plain of the cummer or confluence (of the

Six mile Water with Lough Neagh). Muckanagh, Muckenagh ; Muiceannach, a resort of pigs;

a place where pigs used to feed or sleep (from muc).

Irish Local Names e^lained. 73

Muckelty, Mucker, Muckera, Muckery; the same as

Muckanagh. Mucklagh ; Mticlach, same as Muckanagh. Muckinish ; pig island. Muckloon, Mucklone, Mucklin ; Muc-chluain, pig mea'

dow. Muckno in Monaghan ; Mucshnamh [Mucknauv], F. M.,

the swimming place (snamh) of the pigs ; the place

where pigs used to swim across the little lake. Muckross ; the peninsula of the pigs. Muff; a corruption of Afagh, a plain. Muing ; a sedgy place. Mullacrew in Louth ; MuUach-craeihhe [Mullacreevo],

the summit of the spreading tree. Mullagh ; Mullach, a summit. Mullaghareirk mountains near Abbeyfeale in Limerick ;

Mullach-d' -radhairc [rlrk], the summit of the pros- pect. MuUaghbane ; white summit. Mullaghboy; yellow summit. Mullaghbrack ; speckled summit Mullaghdoo, Mullaghduff ; black summit. Mullaghglass ; green summit. Mullaghmeen ; Midlach-min, smooth summit. Mullaghmore ; great summit. Mullaghroe ; MuUach-ruadh, red summit. Mullan, Mullaun; a little mullach or summit. Mullans; little summits, Mullen, Mullin ; Muikann [mullen], a mill. Mullinahone in Tipperary ; Muileann-na-huamhains

[Mullinahooan], the mill of the cave (uamha) ; from

a cave near the village through which the little river

runs. Mullinavat in Kilkenny; Muiknn-a* -Ihata, the mill of

the stick. Mully; the same as Mullagh. Multyfamham in "Westmeath ; Muilte-Farannain [Mul-

ty-Farannan], Farannan's mills {muilenn, plural

muille). Mimster. Old Irish name Mumhan [Mooan], which,

74 Irish Local Names explained.

with ster added (see Leinster), forms Mwjhan-ster [Moonster] or Munster.

Murragh, Murreagh ; Murbhach [Murvagh], a flat marshy piece of land by the sea.

Murrow of Wicklow; same as Murragh.

Muskerry. The people descended from Carbery Muse, son of Conary II. (see Corkaguiny), were called Mus- craidhe [Muskcry: O'Dugan] ; of these there Avere several tribes, one of which gave name to the two baronies of Muskerry in Cork.

Myshall inCarlow; i/w«]5'A-isea/[Mweeshal], low plain.

Naas in Kildare, the most ancient residence of the kings of Leinster ; Nds [Nawce], a fair or meeting place.

Nantinan in Limerick ; Neantandn, a place of nettles {neantd).

Nappan in Antrim ; Cnapdn, a little hill.

Naul in the north of Dublin ; *n-aill [naul], the cliff. The article incorporated : see Nenagh.

Ned; Nead [Nad], a bird's nest.

Nenagh in Tipperary. Irish name Aenach [Enagh], a fair ; the N is a contraction for the Irish definite article "an," which has become incorporated with the word : — ^n-Aenach [Nenagh], the fair. The full name is Aenach- Vrmhumhan [Enagh-urooan] the fair of Ormond or east Munster; and this name is still used by those speaking Irish.

Newrath ; ^n-Iuhhrach [Nuragh], the yew land ; by the incorporation of the article.

New Koss. Irish name Ros-mic-Treoin [Rosraictrone], the wood {ros) of the son of Treim.

Newry. Ancient name Iiihhar-cimi-tragha [Yure-Kin- traw], the yew tree at the head of the strand. In after ages this was shortened to luhhar, which, with the article prefixed (see Nenagh), and y added, be- came changed to the present form Newry.

Nicker in Limerick ; Cainicer [Knickcre], a rabbit warren (fjom coinhi).

Nobber; Obair [obber], work, with the article incorpo- rated (see Nenagh): — Nobber, "the work," a name

IriiJi L<ji->i.l X'iiii'js crjjuunrd. 75

applied, according to tradition, to the English castle erected there.

Nohoval in Cork and Kerry ; shortened from Nuachonrj- hhail [Nuhongval], new congbhail or habitation. See Conwal.

Nure; the same formation and meaning as Kewry.

"Numey in Kildareand Carlow; Urnaidhe [urny], F.IT., a prayer house or orator}-, "with the arlicle incorpo- rated. See Nenagh and Urney.

Offaly, baronies of, in Kildare. The descendants of Ros-failghe [faly] or Ros of the rings, the eldest son of Cahirmore (king of Ireland from A. D. 120 to 123) were called Hy Failghe (O'Dugan), i.e. the descendants of Failghe (see Iverk) ; and a portion of their ancient inheritance still retains this name, in the modernized form OfFaly.

Offerlane in Queen's County; a tribe name; Ui Foir- chealldin [Hy Forhellane], F. M., the descendants [mi] of Foirchealldn.

OghUl; Eochaill [Oghill], yew wood {e6 and coill).

Oneilland. Nialldn, the fourth in descent from CoUa Da Chrioch [cree] brother of Colla Meann (see Cre- mome), was the progenitor of the tribe called Hy Niallain (i.e. Niallan's race), F. il., and their ancient patrimony forms the two baronies of Oneilland in Armagh, which retain the name. D added ; see p. 4.

Oola in Limerick and Waterford; Ulhla [OolaJ, a place of apples, an orchard (from ubhall or abhalf).

Oran ; Uaran [uran] a cold spring.

Oranmore in Gal way; great cold spring, ughterard ; upper height (ttacMar, upper), ulart in Wexford ; ahhall-ghort [oulort], an orchard, compounded of abhall and gort.

unagceragh river flowing into theFuncheon; Abh-nO' gcaerach, the river of the sheep.

Ovens, The, near Ballincollig in Cork ; called in Irish Uiamhanna [Oovana] i. e. the caves, from the great limestone caves near the village ; and the people by a slight change of pronunciation have converted these oovans or caves into orens. See Athnowen. Owbeg river; Abhheaq, little river.

76 Iriiih Local Names explained.

Owenass river at Mountmellick ; the river of the cata- ract {eas).

Owenboy; yellow river (ahhatnn).

Owenclogy ; stony river (abhainn and clock).

Owenduff ; black river,

Owenmore; Ahhainn-mor, gi'eat river.

Owenreagh ; grey river {riabhach).

Oxmantown or Ostmantown in Dublin ; so called be- cause the Danes or Ostmen had a fortified settlement there.

Ox mountains : called in Irish Sliabh-ghamh [Slieve- gauv], F. M., the mountain of the storms, which in the spoken language was mistaken for Sliahh-dhamh, the mountain of the oxen, and translated accord- ingly. _

Park ; Irish Pairc, a field.

Parkmore ; great field.

Phoenix Park in Dublin, took its name from a beautiful spring well near the Viceregal Lodge, called Fionn- uisg' [feenisk], clear or limpid water.

Poll ; a hole, pit, or pool.

PoUacappul ; Poll-d-chapaill, the hole of the horse.

Pollagh ; a place full of holes or pits.

Pollanass at Glendalough ; the pool of the waterfall.

PoUans ; holes, pools, or pits.

Pollaphuca; the foolicCs or demon's hole.

Pollrone in Kilkenny ; Poll-Ruadhain [Ruan], Ruadh- an^s hole.

Pollsallagh, Poilsillagh ; the hole of the sallows.

Portlaw in Waterford ; Port-lagha, the bank or landing place of the hill.

Portmarnock ; St. Mernoc's bank or landing place.

Portnashangan ; the port, bank, or landing place of the seangans or pismires.

Portraine; see Lambay island.

Portrush in Antrim ; Port-ruis, the landing place of the peninsula.

Portumna in Galway ; Porf-omna, F. M., the landing place of the oak.

Pottle in Cavan ; a measure of land.

Preban, Prebaun, Pribbaun ; Preabdn, a patch.

Irish Local Names explained. 77

Pubble; Pohul, people, a congregation.

Pubblebrien in Limerick ; O'Brien's people; for it was

the patrimony of the O'Briens. Pullagh ; a place full of holes. Pullans, Pullens ; little holes or pits. Quilcagh mountain at the source of the Shannon in

Cavan; Cailceach, chalky; from its white face. Quilly ; Coillidh [cuilly], woodland. Racavan ; Rath-cabhain, the fort of the hollow. Rahan in King's County ; Haithin, a feniy place. Rahaniska, Eahanisky ; the rath of the water. Rahard; Rath-ard, high fort.

Rahamey in Westmeath ; Rath-Athairne, Ahamy's fort. Raheen ; little rath or fort. Raheenduff ; black little fort Raheenroe ; Raith'in-ruadh, red little fort. Rahelty; Rath-eilte, the fort of the doe (eilit). Raheny near Dublin ; Rath-Enna, P.M., Enna's fort. Rahugh in Westmeath ; the fort of St. Aedh or Hugh,

the son of Brec, who built a church in the old rath

in the sixth century. Raigh ; same as Rath, a fort. Rakeeragh ; the fort of the sheep {caera). Ramoan in Antrim ; Rath-Modhain, Modan's fort. Ranaghan, Rannagh ; a ferny place {raithne, a fern). Raphoe in Donegal; Rath-bhoth [RA-voh], F. M., the

fort of the boths, tents, or huts. Rasharkin in Antrim; Ros-Earcdin, Erkan's promontory. Rashee in Antrim ; Rath-sithe [Ra-shee], P. M., the fort

of the fairies. Ratass in Kerry ; Rath-teas, southern fort. Rath ; a circular fort. Rathangan in Kildare; Rath-Iomghain [Rath-ImganJ,

Imgan's fort. Rathanny ; Rath-eanaighe, the fort of the marsh. Rathaspick ; the fort of the bishop (easpug'). Rathbane, Rathbaun ; white rath. Rathbeg; little fort. Rathborney in Clare; Rath-loirne, the fort of Burren,

from its situation in the old district of Burren. Rathcorraack ; Cormac's fort.

78 Irish Local Names explained.

Rathdowney in Queen's County; Rath-tamhnaigh [Rath- towney], F. M., the fort of the green field {tamhur

ach). Rathdrum ; the fort of the long hill. RathdufF ; black fort. Rathfeigh in Meath; the fort of the exercise green.

See Faha. Rathfryland in Down ; see page 4. Rathglass ; green fort. Eathkeale ; Bath- Gaela, Gaela's fort. Rathkenny ; Rath- Cheannaigh [Kanny], CeannacWs fort. Eathkieran in Kilkenny ; Xieran's fort ; from St. Kieran

of Ossory. See Seirkieran. Rathmore ; great fort. Rathmoyle ; bald or dilapidated fort. Rathmullan; Rath-Maelain, F. M., Maelan's rath. Rathnew in Wicklow; Rath-Naoi, F. M., NaoVs fort, Rathreagh ; Rath-riahhach, grey fort. Rathroe ; red fort. Rathronan ; Ronan's fort. Rathsallagh; Rath-salach, dirty fort. Rathvilly in Carlow; Rath-hiU, F. M., the fort of the

old tree. Rattoo; Rath-tuaidh [too], northern fort. Raw ; Rath, a fort. Rea ; Reidh, a coarse mountain flat. Reask, Reisk ; Rtasg [Reesk], a marsh. Reen ; Rtttn, a point of laud.

Relagh ; Reidhleach [Relagh], same meaning as Rea. Relickmurry; Reilig, a church: the church of the

Blessed Virgin Mary. Riesk; a marsh; same as Reask. Rin, Rine, Rinn ; Rinn, a point of land. Ring; another form of Rin. Ringabella near the mouth of Cork harbour ; the point

of the old tree (bile). Ringagouagh near Dungarvan; Rinn-G'gCuana [Ogoo-

na],the point or peninsula of the O'Cooneys. Ringbane, Ringbaun ; white point. Ringcurran near Kinsale; the point of the corrdn or

reaping hook ; from its shape.

Irt-^/t Lir'ai ^^ I

.I'jitO.tif

Ringrone near Kinsale ; written in the Annals of Innis-

fallen, Hum-rdtn, the point of the seal. Eingvilla, Eingville; Jimn-hhile [xiHsl], the point of the

bile or ancient tree. Rinneen ; little point of land. Einville in Gal way ; Rinn-Mhil [vil], the point of MU,

a Firbolg chieftain. Eisk ; same as Keask,

Roeillaun; Ruadh-oilean [Roo-illaun], red island. Eooaun, Eooghan, Eooghaun ; reddish land (from ruadh,

red). Eoosk ; Btisp, a marsh. See Eeask. Eoosca, Eooskagh, Eoosky ; Riisgach, marshy, a marshy- place. Eoscommon; Ros-Comat'n, F. M., Coman's wood, from

St. Coman, who founded a monastery there in the

eighth century. Eoscrea ; written in the Book of Leinster, Ros-cre, Crit

wood. Roshin ; little ros or promontory. Eoskeen ; Ros-caet'n, beautiful wood. Eoss ; in the south generally means a wood ; in the

north, a peninsula. Eossbegh or Eossbehy west of Killamey ; the peninsula

of birches (Jbeith). Eossbeg; small wood or promontory. Eoss Carbery in Cork ; the latter part from the barony

of Carbery in which it is situated : it was an- ciently called Ros-ailithir [allihir], F. il., the wood

of the pilgrims. Ross Castle at Killamey; from the little ro* or penin*

sula on which it stands. Eosses in Donegal; i. e. peninsulas. Eossinver in Leitrim ; Ros-inhhir, the peninsula of the

river mouth ; from a point of land running into the

south part of Lough itelvin. Eossmore ; great wood or peninsula. Eossorry near Enniskillen ; corrupted from Rot-airthir

[arher], F. !5I., the eastern peninsula. Eoughan, Euan ; same as Eooaun. Kousky ; same as Eoosea and Eooskey.

80 Irish Local Names explained.

Route. The northern part of Antrim was anciently called Balriada (F. M.), i. e. Riada's portion or tribe, from Carbery Riada, son of Conary II. (see Corka- guiny) ; and the latter part {Riada) of this old name, is still preserved in the corrupted form of Route.

Rush in Dublin ; 5os-eo [Rush-5], F. M., the peninsula of the yew trees.

Rusheen ; small wood; a growth of underwood.

Russagh ; Ros-eaeh, F. M., the wood of the horses.

Rusky ; the same as Roosca and Roosky.

Saggart in Dublin; contracted from Tassagard, Irish Teach- Sacra [Tassacra], O'C. Cal., the house of St. Sacra, who flourished in the seventh century.

Saint Mullins in Carlow; Irish name Tigh-Moling [Tee- Moiling], 0"C. Cal., the house of St. Moling, a native of Kerry, who erected a church there about the middle of the seventh century. See Timolin.

Salt, baronies of, in Kildare ; see Leixlip,

Santry in Dublin ; Sentreihh [Shantrev; Mart. Taml.], old tribe.

Saul near Downpatrick ; SalhaU[^di\x\\ a barn. Bichu, the prince of the surrounding district, was St. Patrick's first convert in Ireland; the chief made the saint a present of his barn, to be used temporarily as a church ; and hence the place was called Sahhall- Patrick, St. Patrick's barn, now shortened to SauL

Scalp; Scealp [Scalp], a cleft or chasm.

Scarawalsh in Wexford ; Irish name Sgairlh-a'' Bhreathnaigh [Scarriff-a-vranny], Walsh's scarriff or shallow ford (see Ballybrannagh) ; which, with an obvious alteration, has given name to the barony of Scarawalsh.

Scardan, Scardaun : Scardan, a cataract.

Scarriff; Scairhh [Scarriv], a rugged shallow ford.

Scart ; Scairt [Scart], a thicket or cluster.

Scartaglin in Kerry ; the thicket of the glen.

Scarteen ; a little thicket or cluster.

Scartlea in Cork ; Scairt-liath, grey thicket.

Scarva ; another form of Scarriff.

Seagoe ; Suidhe- Gobha [Seegow], the seat of St. Gohha [gow] or Gobanus

Irish Local Names explained. bl

Seapatrick ; Patrick's seat (suidhe).

See ; siu'dhe [see], a seat or sitting place,

Seefin; Suidhe-Finn [Seefin], the seat of Finn Mac Coole.

Seein in Tyrone ; same as Seefin, with / aspirated and

omitted [Suidhe-Fhinn). Seirkieran near Parsonstown. St. Ciaran or Kieran of

Ossory, disciple of St. Finnian of Clonard, erected a

monastery in the sixth century, at a place called

Saighir [Sair], which was the name of a fountain ;

and after the saint's time it was called Saighir'

Chiarain [Sairkeeran], now contracted to Seirkieran. Seltan ; a place of sallows. Seskin ; Sescenn, a marsh.

Sessia, Sessiagh ; Seiseadk [shesha], the sixth part. Shallon ; Seal an, a hangman's rope, a gallows. Shan ; Sean [shan], old. Shanaclogh ; Seancloch, old stone castle. Shanacloon ; old cloon or meadow. ShenagaiTy ; old garry (garrdlm) or garden. Shanagolden in Limerick; Seangualann [ Shanagoolan],

old shoulder or hill. Shanakill j old church. Shanavally, Shanbally -, old hally or town. Shanbogh, Shanbo; old both or tent. —

Shandon; old dun or fortress. Shandrum ; old drum or ridge. Shangarry; same as Shanagarry. Shankill ; old church. Shanmullagh ; old mullach or summit. Shantallow; Seantalamh [ShantalavJ, old land. Shanvally ; old bally or town {h aspirated). Shean, Sheean, Sheeaun; Sidhedn [sheeaun], a fairy

hiU. Shee ; sidh [shee], a fairy, a fairy hill. Sheeroe ; red fairy hill.

Sheetrim; Sidh-dhruiin [_^\iQQdivim), fairy ridge. Shelburne barony in Wexford; from the tribe oi Siol-

Brain (O'Dugan), the seed or progeny oi Bran. Shelmaliere in Wexford ; the descendants of ilaliere or

Maelughra [ileelura]. Sheskin ; Sescenn, a marsh. See Seskin.

82 insh Local Ifames eaiplatned.

Shillelagh in Wicklow; Siol-Elaigh (Sheelealy : O'Du-

gan], the seed or descendants of £tach. Bhinrone in King's County; Suidhe-an-rdin [Sheenrone],

F. M., the seat of the ron, i. e. literally a seal, but

figuratively a hirsute or hairy man, Shrone ; sr6n, a nose, a pointed hill. Shruel, Shrule ; see page 3. Sion ; sidhedn [sheeaun], a fairy mount. Skagh ; Sceaeh, a white thorn bush. Skahanagh, Skehanagh; a place full ofsceachs or white

thorns. Skeagh, Skea ; the same as Skagh. Skeheen; a little sceaeh or bush. Skelgagh ; a place of sTcelligs or rocks. Skellig rocks off the coast of Kerry; Sceilig means a

rock. Skerries, Skerry; Scelr [sker], a sea rock; Bceire [skerry],

sea rocks. Skreen, Skrine; /Scrzw [skreeu], a shrine. Sleaty in Queen's County ; sleibhte [Sleaty], F. M., i. e.

mountains, the plural of sUahh : from the adjacent hills

of Slieve Margy. Slee ; Slighe [slee], a road. Slemish mountain in Antrim, on which St. Patrick passed

his youth herding swine; Sliabh-Mts, the mountain of

Mis, a woman's name. Sleveen ; little slieve or mountain. Slieve ; Sliahh [sleeve], a mountain. Slieve Anierin in Leitrim ; Sliahh-an'iarainn, the moun- tain of the iron ; from its richness in iron ore. Slievebane, Slievebaun ; white mountain. Slievebeagh, a range of mountains on the borders of

Monaghan, Fermanagh, and Tyrone; Slialh-Beatha

[Slieve Baha], F. M., the mountain of Bith, a le- gendary hero. Slieve Bernagh in the east of Clare ; Sltalh-bearnach,

gapped mountain. See Lisdoonvarna. Slievebloom ; Sliahh-Bladhma [Slieve-Blawma], F. M.,

the mountain of ^/a<?A [Blaw], ono of the Milesian

heroes. Slieveboy; yellow mountain.

Irish Local Names explained^ 83

Slieve Corragh ; rugged mountain.

Slieve Donard, the highest of the Mourne mountains. Domhanghart [Donart], son of the king of dlidia, and one of St. Patrick's disciples, built a little church on the very summit of this mountain ; hence it was called Sliahh- Domhanghart, Donart's mountain, now anglicised Slieve Donard. Its ancient name was Slieve Slanga, from the bardic hero Slainge, the son of Parthalon, who was buried on its summit, where his cam is still to be seen.

Slieve Eelim, a mountain range east of Limerick ; Sliahh- Eibhlinne [Slieve-Evlinne], Evlin's mountain.

Slieve Fuad near Newtownhamilton in Armagh ; Fuad's mountain; from the Milesian hero Fuad, who was slain there.

Slieve League in Donegal ; Sltahh-h'ag, the mountain of the flag- stones.

Slieve Lougher east of Castleisland in Kerry; Sliabh- luachra, rushy mountain.

Slieve Mish near Tralee ; same as Slemish.

Slievenagriddle near Downpatrick ; the mountain of the griddle; the griddle is a cromlech on the hill.

Slievenamon in Tipperary ; Sliahh-na-mhan, the moun- tain of the women. Full name Sliahh-na-inhan- Feimhinn [Slievenamon-Fevin], the mountain of the women of Feimheann, the ancient territory surround- ing it.

Slievenamuck ; the mountain of the pigs.

Slievereagh ; Sliabh-rtabhach, grey mountain.

Slieveroe ; red mountain.

Slievesnaght ; the mountain of the snow (sneacht).

Sligo; named from the river: >S'//^eacA[Sliggagh], F. M., shelly river (sltg, a shell).

Sligutf; a corruption (see page 4) from Slighe-dhuhh [Slee-duv], black road.

Slyne Head in Galway; Irish name Ceann-leama [Can- leama], the head of the Lyme or leap {leim), which has been corrupted to the present name by changing m to w, and prefixing s. See Stabannon.

Solloghod in Tipperary ; Sulchoid [sollohed], F. M., sal- low wood.

e 2

84 Irish Local Names explained.

Soimagh ; a mound or rampart.

Sragh, Srah ; srath [srah], a river holm.

Srahan, Srahaun, Sraheen ; little river holm.

Sroohill ; see page 3.

Srough; Sruth [sruh], a stream.

Sroughmore ; great srutk or stream.

Sruffaun; Sruthdn [Sruhaun], a streamlet (p. 4).

Stabannon; corrupted from Tabannon, Bannon's house

{teach), by prefixing s. See Slyne head. Stackallen in Meath; Teach-Collain [TacoUan], F. M.,

Collan's house. Staholmog in Meath ; St. Colmoc^s or Mocholmoc^s

house. StamuUin in Meath ; MaelarCs house. Stang ; a measure of land. Stillorgan in Dublin; Tigh-Lorcain [Teelorcan], Lor-

can's or Laurence's house or church. Stonecarthy in Kilkenny ; first syllable a corruption of

statiff : Cartliy's stan^ or measure of land. Stonybatter in Dublin ; stony road: see Batterstown and

Booterstown. Stock; Stuaic [stock], a pointed pinnacle. Stookan, Stookeen ; a little stook or pointed rock. Stradbally; Sradbhaile [Sradvally], F. M., street- town;

a town of one street. Stradone, Stradowan; Srath-doimhin [Sradowan], deep

srath or river holm. Stradreagh ; grey street. Straduff ; black river holm. Straffan in Kildare ; same as SruflEaun. Straid, Strade, Sraud; Srdid [Sraud], a street. Strancally near Youghal ; Sron-caillighe [Srone-cally],

the hag's nose or point. Strangford Lough in Down; a Danish name; strong

fiordi or bay, from the well-known tidal currents at

its entrance. Irish name Loch Cuan. Struell ; see page 3. Sylaun ; a place of sallows. Taghadoe in Kildare; Teach-Tuae [Taghtoo], F. M.,

the house of St. Tua. Taghboy ; yellow house.

Irkh Local Names explained. 85

Taghmon in "Wexford; written in the Book of Leinster TeacTi-Munna [Taghmnnna], the house of St. ITunna or Fintan, who founded a monastery there, and died in A. D. 634.

Tallaght in Dublin ; TaimhUaeht [Tavlaght], a plague monument. According to the bardic legend, 9OO0 of Parthalon's people died of the plague, and were buried in this place, which was therefore called the Taimhleacht or plague grave of Parthalon's people.

Tamlaght, Tamlat; a plague grave ; same as Tallaght.

Tamnagh, Tamny; Tamhnach, a green field.

Tanderagee ; a corruption of Tdin-re-gaeith [Tonregee], backside to the wind. See Tonlegee.

Tara; Teamhair [Tawer], F. M., a residence on an elevated spot, commanding an extensive view. There are many places of this name in Ireland, besides the celebrated Tara in Meath.

Tarmon ; the same as Termon.

Tat, Tate, Tath; a measure of land.

Tattygare; short iate or land measure.

Taughboyne in Donegal; Tech-Baeithin [Taghbwee- been], O'C. CaL, the house of St. JSaeithtn ; he was a companion of St. Columkille, and governed the monastery oflona after that saint's death. Died in A. D. 600.

Tavanagh, Tavnagh ; Tamhnach, a green field.

Tawlaght ; a plague monument. See Tallaght.

Tawnagh, Tawny ; Tamhnach, a green field.

Tawnaghmore ; great field.

Tecolm in Queen's County; Tigh-Choluim [Teecolum]. St. Columkille's house.

Teebane ; Tigh-hdn [Teebaun], white house.

Teemore; great house {Ugh).

Teev, Teeve; Taehh, the side, a hill side.

Teltown on the Blackwater in Meath. Lewy of the long hand, one of the Tuatha De Danann kings, established a fair or gathering of the people, to be held here yearly on the first of August, in which games, pastimes, and marriages were celebrated ; and in honour of his foster mother TaiUte [Telta], he

86 Irish Local Names explained.

called the place TailUenn [Teltenn], now modernized to Teltown.

Temple ; Teampull, a church.

Templeachally in Tipperary ; the church of the cala or marshy meadow.

Templebredon in Tipperary ; O'Bredon's church.

Templebreedy ; St. Brigid's church.

Templecarn in Donegal ; the church of the cam or monument.

Tcraple-etney in Tipperary ; St. Eithne's church.

Templemichael ; the church of the Archangel Michael.

Templemolaga in Cork; the church of St. Mblaga, a native of Fermoy, who died on the 20th of January, some short time before the year 664.

Templemore ; great church ; a cathedral.

Templemoyle ; bald or dilapidated church {mael).

Templenacarriga ; the church of the rock.

Templenoe, Templenew ; TeampuU-nua, new church.

Templepatrick ; St. Patrick's church.

Templeport; the church of the port or bank.

Templeshanbo in "Wexford. Ancient pagan name Sean- hoth-Sine [Shanboh-Sheena], Sin's or Sheen's old tent or hut; and in Christian times, after a church had been erected there, the present name was formed by the addition of the word Temple to Seanhoth: Templeshanbo, the church of Seanhoth.

Templetogher in Galway ; the church of the causeway {tdchar), from a celebrated old togher across a bog.

Templetuohy in Tipperary; the church of the tuath or territory, because it was the principal church of the district.

Tempo in Fermanagh; shortened from the full Irish name an t-Iompodh-deisiol [an Tirapo deshill], the turning from left to right. lompodh [impo] means turning ; deisiol, right handed ; and the article an prefixed takes a t in this case, which became incor- porated with the word. The place received its name, no doubt, from the ancient custom of turning sun- ways in worship. Terenure ; Tir-an-iulhair, the land of the yew. Termon ; Tearmann, church land.

Irish Local Names ejcplained, 87

Terraonfeckin ; St. Fechin's church land.

Terryglass in Tipperary ; called in Irish authorities Tir- da-ghlas [Tir-a-glas], which Adamnan in his Life of St. Columba translates Ager-duorum-rivorum, the land of the two streams.

Thurles in Tipperary ; Durlios [Durlas], strong lis or fort. In the annals it is commonly called Durlas- O'Fogarty, from the O'Fogartys, the ancient proprie- tors of the surrounding district. See Eliogarty.

Tiaquin, barony of, in Galway; shortened from I^gh- Dachonna [Tee-aconna], F. M., St. Dachonna's house.

Tibberaghny in Kilkenny : Tiohrad-Fachtna [Tibbrad- aghna], F. M., St. Faghna's well.

Tibohine in Roscommon; Tech-Baeithin (O'Cal. Cal.), St. Baeitkin's house. The name is the same as Taugh- boyne, but this is a diflferent Baeithin ; he was of the race of Enda, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, and was one of the ecclesiastics to whom the apostolic letter was written in the year 640, on the subject of the time for celebrating Easter.

Tieve ; Taehh [teeve], a side, a hill-side.

Tievebrack ; speckled hiU-side.

Tiglin in Wicklow ; the house of the glen.

Tiknock, Ticknock, Ticknick; Tigh-cnuic [Ticknick], the house of the hill.

Timahoe in Queen's County; Tech-Mochua [Tee-Mohua], O'C. Cal., the house of St. Mochua, the original foun- der and patron, who flourished in the sixth century.

Timogue in Queen's County ; St. Mogue's house.

Timoleague in Cork; Teach-Molaga, F. M., Molaga'i house, from St. Molaga of Templemolaga.

Timolin in Kildare ; Tigh-Moling [Tee-Moling], St. Mo- ling's house, from a church erected there by St. Moling of St. Muliins.

Tinamuck ; Tigh-na-muc, the house of the pigs.

Tincurragh, Tincurry; Tigh-an-chirraigh [Tincurry], the house of the currach or marsh.

Tinnahinch, Tinnebinch ; Tigh-na-hinnse [Tee-na-hin- sha], the house of the island or river meadow.

Tinnakill, Tinnakilly ; the house of the church or wood.

88 Irish Local Names ea^plained.

Tinnascart, Tinnascarty; the house of the cluster or thicket {scairt).

Tinnick, Tinnock, Tinock ; same as Tiknock.

Tipper; a form of Tohar, a well.

Tipperary ; Tiohraid-Arann [Tibrad-Auran], F. M., the well of Ara, the ancient territory in which it was situated. The well tliat gave this name to the town and thence to the county, was situated in the Main- street, but it is now closed up.

Tipperkevin in Kildare ; St. Kevin's well.

Tipperstown in Dublin and Kildare ; a half translation from Baile-an-tolair [Ballintubber], the town of the well.

Tiranascragh in Galway ; Tir-an-eascrach, the land of the esher or sand hill.

Tirawly, barony of, in Mayo ; Tir-Amha jaidh [Awly], the land or district oi Amhalgaidh, kir,^ of Connaught, brother of the monarch Dathi, and sjn of Ohy Moy- vane, king of Ireland from A. D. 358 to 365.

Tirconnell, the ancient name of Donegal; Tir-Conaill, the land or district of Conall Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages.

Tireragh, barony of, in Sligo ; Tir-Fhiachrach [Tir- ceragh], P. M., the district of Fiachra, son of Dathi, and grandson of Ohy Moyvane. See Tirawly.

Tirerrill, barony of, in Sligo ; Tir-OiUolla [ollila], Hy F., the district of Olioll, son of Ohy Moyvane (see Tirawly). Z changed to r : see p. 3.

Tirkeeran, barony of, in Derry ; Tir- Chaerthainn [Tir- keerhin], the district of Kieran, the great grandson of Colla Hat's, brother of Colla Meann. See Cremorne

Tisaran in King's County; from an old church which is called in the Calendars Teach-Saram [Tasaran], the liouse of St. Saran, the founder, who was of the race of the Dealbhna. See Delvin.

Tisaxon ; the house of the Saxons or Englishmen.

Tiscoffin in Kilkenny; see page 4.

Tober ; Tohar, a well.

Toberaheena; the well of Friday (aeine, pron. eena); from the custom of visiting the well and performing devo- tions on Fridav.

Irish Local Names explained. 89

Toberbilly ; the well of the ancient tree {hiU). Tobercurry jn Sligo ; written by Mac Firbis, Toler-an-

choire, the well of the caldron or pit. Tobermore ; great well. Toberreendoney in various counties; Tolarrigh-an-

domhnaigh [Toberreendowny], the well of the king of

Sunday (i. e. of God) ; these wells were so called be- cause they were visited on Sunday, Togher ; Tdchar, a causeway. Toradeely in Limerick ; the tumulus {tuaim) of the

river Deel. Tomfinlough in Clare ; Tuaim- Fionnlocha, F. M., the

tumulus of the bright lake {fionn, bright, clear) ;

from an old church by a lake near SixmUe-bridge. Tomgraney in Clare; Tuaim-greine [Toomgraney], F. AT.,

the tumulus of the lady Grian, about whom there are

many traditions. Tomies mountain over the lower lake of Killamey;

Tumaidhe [Toomy], tumuli or monumental mounds;

from two sepulchral heaps on the top of the moun- tain. Tomregan in Cavan ; Tuaim-Drecon [Toom-reckon : D

aspirated — see p. 2], F. M., Brecon's burial mound. Tonagh ; Tamh^ach [Townagh], a field. Tonbane, Tonbaun ; white t6in or backside. Tonduff; black backside (tSin). Tonlegee ; T6in-le-gaeith, backside to the wind. Tonnagh; a mound or rampart. Tonregee ; same as Tanderagee and Tonlegee. Tonroe ; red backside. Tooman ; Tuaman, a small tumulus. Toome, Toom ; Tuaim [Toom], a tumulus or burial

mound. Toomore, Toomour; Tuaimdha-bhodhar\Toom.-'^-^ouT'\j

F. M., the tumulus of the two deaf persons. Toomy vara in Tipperary, exactly represents the sound

of the Irish Tuaimui-Mheadhra, the tumulus or

tomb of O'Mara. Toor, Tuar, a bleach green or drying place. Toorard; high bleach green. Tooreen ; little bleach green.

90 Irish Local Names explained.

Toormore ; great bleach green.

Toortane, Toortann ; Tortan, a small hillock.

Tor ; a tower, a tall tower-like rock.

Tore mountain at Killarney ; the mountain of the tores or boars.

Tormore; great tower or tower- like rock.

Tory island off the coast of Donegal ; Torach ("Wars of GG.), towery, i. e. abounding in tors or tower-like rocks.

Touaghty in Mayo ; Tuath-AitheacJda [Thoo-ahaghta], Hy. F., the tuath or district of the attacotti or ple- beians, i. e. the races vanquished and enslaved by the Milesians.

Tourin ; little bleach green ; same as Tooreen.

Tralee; Traigh-Li [Tralee], F.M., the strand of the Lee, a little river which runs into the sea at the town, but which is now covered over.

Tramore ; Traigh-mor, great strand.

Trean, Trien ; Trian^ a third part.

Treanbaun; white third.

Treanboy ; yellow third.

Treanlaur ; middle third {Idr, middle).

Treanmanagh ; middle third (meadhonach),

Trevet in Mealh; Trefoit [Trefote], F. M., three fods or sods ; so named, according to the Leahhar-na- huidhre, because when Art, the son of Conn of the Hundred Battles was buried there, three sods were dug over his grave in honour of the Trinity.

Trillick ; Tri-liag three Hags or pillar stones.

Trim in Meath; :ull name Ath-truim [Ah-trim], the ford of the elder bushes.

Tromaun ; a place producing elder bushes (from).

Trough, barony of, in Monaghan ; Triucha [Truha], a cantred or district.

Trumman, Trummery ; same as Tromaun.

TuaminGalway; Tuaim-da-ghualann [Tuam-a-woolan], the tumulus of the two shoulders, from the shape of the old sepulchral mound that gave name to the place.

Tubbrid ; same as Tober ; a well.

TuUa, Tullach ; Tulach, a little hill.

Irish Local Names explained. 91

TuUaghan ; a little tulach or hill.

Tullaghmelan in Tipperary ; Moylan's hill.

Tullahogue in Tyrone ; fulach-og, F. M., the hill of the youths.

Tullahaught in Kilkenny; Tulach-ocht, the hill of the eight (persons).

Tullaraore ; great hill ; same as Tullymore.

Tullig ; another form of Tulach, a hill.

Tullow ; Tulach, a little hill.

Tullowphelim, a parish containing the town of Tullow in Carlow; contracted from Tullow-offelimy, the tulach or hill of the territory of the Hy Felimy, a tribe descended and named from Felimy, son of Enna Kinsella, king of Leinster in the fourth century.

Tully ; a little hill ; same as Tulla.

Tullyallen ; Tulaigh-dluinn [TuUyaulin], beautiful hill.

Tullyard ; high hill.

Tullybane, Tullybaun ; TuU'gh-ldn, white hill.

Tullybeg ; little tulach or hill.

Tullycorbet ; the hill of the chariot {carlaS).

Tullyglass ; green hill.

Tullyhaw, barony of, in Cavan ; so called from the Magaurans, its ancient proprietors, whose tribe name was Tealach-Echach [Tulla-eha : O'Dugan], the family of Eochy or Ohy.

Tullylease in Cork ; Ttilach-lias [TuUaleese], the hill of the huts.

Tullymongan at Cavan ; Tulach-Mongain, F. M., Mon- gan's hill.

Tullymore ; great hill ; same as Tullamore.

Tulljmacross ; the hill of the cross.

Tullynagardy near Newtownards ; Tulaigh-na-gceard- cha, the hill of the forges.

Tullynaskeagh ; the hill of the white thorns.

Tullynure ; Tulach-an-iuhhair, the hill of the yew.

Tullyroe ; red hill.

TuUyrusk in Antrim : the hill on which the old church stands, was surrounded by marshy ground; henca the name, which Colgan writes Tulach-ruise, the hUl of the morass. See Eusk.

Tully trasna; cross or transverse hill.

92 Irish Local Names explained^

Turana in Roscommon; Tuaim-mna, F. M., the tomb of the woman (lean, gen. mna).

Tuosist in Kerry; Tuath-O' Siosta [O'Sheesta], O'Sios- ta's territory.

Ture; the yew. The word iuhhar [yure] has incorpo- rated the t of the article, like Tempo.

Turlough ; a lake that dries up in summer.

Twelve Pins, a remarkable group of mountains in Con- nemara; should have been called the Twelve Bens, i.e. peaks. Sometimes called " The Twelve Pins of Bunnabola," in which the word leann occurs twice; for Bunnabola is Beanna-Beola [Banna-Bola], the peaks of Beola, an old Firbolg chief, who is still re- membered in tradition. See Mourne.

Tyfarnham in "Westmeath; Farannan's house (iigh).: the same person that gave name to Multyfarnham. '

Tyone in Tipperary; Tigh-Eoin, John's house.

Tyrella in Down; Tech-Riaghla [Tee-Reela], O'C. Cal. the house of St. Riaghal [Recai] or Begulus.

Tyrone. The descendants oi Eoghan [Owen], son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, possessed the territory extending over the counties of Tyrone and Derry and the two baronies of Raphoe and Inishowen in Done- gal; all this district Avas anciently called Tir-Eoghain ^Tir-Owen: "Wars of GG.], Owen's territory, which 18 now written Tyrone, and restricted to one county. See Inishowen.

Ulster; ancient Irish form Uladh [ulla], which with ster added (see Leinster), was pronounced Ulla-ster, and contracted to Ulster.

Ummera, Ummery, Umry; lomaire [Ummera], a ridge.

Ummeracam, Umrycam ; lomaire-cam, crooked ridge.

Ummerafree; the ridge of the heath {fraech).

Unshinagh, Inshinagh; Uinseannach, a place producing ash trees {uinnse and fuinnse).

Uragh ; lubhrach [yuragh], yew land.

Urbal; a tail; from shape or position.

Urbalreagh in Antrim, Donegal, and Tyrone; grey tail.

Urbalshinny in Donegal ; the fox's tail (sionnach), from some peculiarity of shape, or perhaps from hav- ine been a resort of foxes.

Irish Local Names explained. 93

TJrcher; Urchur, a cast or throw. See Ardn archer. Uiegare in Limerick; /wWar-y^^arr [yure-yar], short

yew tree. Uiuey, Urny; Vrnatdhe [Urny], an oratory. SieXur-

ney. [Jrlar, tJiiaur ; a floor, a level place. Valentia Island in Kerry ; so called by the Spaniards.

Ancient and present Irish name, Dairhhre [Dan-eryJ,

a place producing oaks. See Kildorrery. Vaitry river in Wicklow; a corruption of the old tribe

name Fir -tire [Firteera], the men of the territory

Ventry in Kerry; got its name from a beautiful white strand, called in Irish Fionn-traigh [Fintra], white strand.

"Wateresk ; upper channel (ewe). See Kilwatermoy.

"Waterford ; a Danish name ; old form Vadrefiord, the latter part of which is the northern word fiord, a sea inlet Old Irish name Port-Lairge or Portlargy See' Strangford and Carlingford.

"Watergrasshill in Cork ; a translation of the Irish name, Cnocdn-na-biolraighe [Knockaun-na-billery], the little hiU of the water- cresses.

Wexford ; a Danish name ; old form "Weisford, which is said to mean west fiard or bay ; old Irish name, Carman,

Wicklow; a Danish name; old forms of the name, Wkyynglo, Wygyngelo, Wykinlo. Old Irish name Kilmantan, the church of St. Mantan, one of St. Patrick's disciples. This saint, according to the An- nals of Clonmacnoise and other authorities, had his front teeth knocked out by a blow of a stone, from one of the barbarians who opposed St Patrick's land- ing in Wicklow; hence he was called Mantan, or the toothless.

Windgap, Windygap ; a translation of Bearna-na- gaeithe [Barnanageehy], the gap of the wind.

Witter in Down ; Uachdar, upper. See Wateresk and Eighter.

Wood of 0 near Tullamore in King's County; the Irish name is Fochaill, yew- wood, the same as Youghal;

94 Irish Local Names explained

modern name an attempted translation : — Wood of 0, i. e. the wood of the e6 or yew.

Yellow Batter, and Green Batter, near Drogheda ; bat- ter here means a road. See Booterstown and Batters- town.

Yewer near Killashandra in Cavan ; an anglicised form of lubhar [yure], the yew tree. See Newry.

Yougbal in Cork. A yew wood grew anciently on the hill slope now occupied by the town, and even yet some of the old yews remain ; hence it was called Eochaill [Oghill], F. M.j i. e. yew wood. See Oghill and AughalL

VOCABULARY OF IRISH ROOT WORDS.

(The principal modern foima are gircn in luUcs.)

Abh [aw or owl, a river ; aw, wo.

Abhainn [owenj, a river ; owen, avon, and in the end

of words, with the h of the article, hotcn, hone^ howna,

hivnia. Abhall [owl, ool, or avel], an apple, an apple tree ; in

some parts of the north it is used in the sense of

*' orchard." Modern forms otcl^ ool, owle, aval, &c. Achadh [aha], a field ; it is generally represented in

modern names by agha, agh, or augh, but these also

often stand for aih, a ford. Aenach [enagh], anciently signified any assembly of the

people, but it is now cdways applied to a cattle fair ;

enagh, eeny, eena, eani'g. Aiieach [ellagh], a circular stone fort ; ellagh, eUy. Aill [oUj, a clitf ; ayle, aille, &c. See Faill. Aireagal [arrigal], a habitation, an oratory, a smaU

church ; arrigle and errigal. Aime [amey], a sloe ; amey.

Ait [aut], a place, a site; commonly made at: fre- quently combines with teach, a house, to form the

compound ait-tighe [aut-teej, in modem forms atty

or atti, a house site. Aiteann [at tan], furze; forms the terminations -a^i»,

-attina. Aith [ah], a kiln of any kind ; made -haia, -hagh, -haha,

-hay, -hey, and -hoy, in the end of names. Alt, a height, a cliff, a glen side. An, the Irish definite aiticle. Ar [awr], slaughter ; are, aur, and air. Ard, high, a height.

96 Vocahulanj of Irish Root Words,

Ath [ah], a ford ; ath, ah, augh^ agh, a, aha, aio, &c. Bad [baud], a boat.

Badhun [bawn], a cow fortress, the haivn of a castle. Baile [bally], a town, a townlaiid; baUg,^ halli, vallg

and in the eastern counties hal. Ban [bawn], white or fair coloured; 'lane, haun, bawn,

vane, vaun. Barr [baur], the top, the highest point; bar, baur. The

Bar of a townland (used in the north) is the high or

hilly part. Beag [beg], little.

Bealach [ballagh], a road or pass ; ballagh, vallg. Bealltaine [beltany], the first day of May; celebrated

as a festival by the pagan Irish. Beann [ban, ben], a horn, a gable, a peak, or pointed

hill. Beannchar [banaher], horns, gables, peaks ; banagher,

hangor. Beam, beai-na, bearnas [barn, barna, barnas], a gap, a

gap in a mountain ; barna, barny, varna, varny, barnis^

varnis, and often in the north barnet. Bearnach [barnagh], gapped. Beith [beh], the birch tree ; beitheach [behagh] a birchy

place; behy, beha, beagh, behagh, veha, vehy, &c. Bel, beul [bale], the mouth, an entrance, a ford ; often

joined to ath in the compound bel-atha [bellaha,

bella], a ford-mouth or ford entrance. Bile [billa], a large ancient tree ; a tree held in venera- tion for any reason ; billa, billy, villa, ville, villy, bella,

vella. Biorar [birrer], watercress; usually corrupted to biolar

[biller] ; viller, vilra, &c. Bo, a cow; bo, hoe, and by eclipse, moe (mbo); see

page 2. Boireann [burrenj, a large rock, a rocky district Both [boh], a tent or hut ; bo, boh, boha, bohy, voe. Bothar [boher], a road ; boher and voher. In some of

the eastern counties it is corrupted to batter. Bo-

hcreen, a little road. Braghad [brand], the Uwvit; a gorge; braid, broad,

brand.

Focahulanj of Irish Root Words. 97

Bran, a raven.

Breach [breagh], a wolf; occurs in the compound

breachmhagh [breaghvah], wolf-field. Bri [hree], a hiU; hree, bray. Broc [hrucJc], a badger; brocTc, briclc, and, by eclipse,

mrock; see p. 2. Brocach [bruckagh], a badger warren ; hroclcagh, hrocky. Brugh [bru], a palace, a distinguished residence ; bru,

hruff. Bruighean [breean] has the same meaning ;

but in modem times it is used to denote a faiiy

palace ; breen, bryan, breena, vreena. Buaile [boolia], a booley, a feeding or milking plac*i for

cows ; booley^oley, boola, voola, voula, vooly. Buidhe [bwee or boy], yellow ; boy, wee, &c. Buirghes [burris], a burgage or borough ; borris and

^urris. Bui., the end or bottom of anything ; the mouth of a river. Gabhan [cavan], a hollow ; in some parts of IJlster it

signifies a round hiU; cavan. Caech [kay], blind, purblind, one-eyed; ieagh, iee. Caenach [keenagh], moss; keenagh. Caera [kaira'], a sheep; keeragh, and, eclipsed with the

article, nageeragh. Caerthainn [kairhan], the quicken tree ; keeran, caran,

kerane, keraun. Cairthe [carha], a pillar stone ; carra, carha, and car. Caiseal [cashel], a circular stone fort ; cashel, castle. Caislean [cushlaun], a castle; cashlaun, cashlane. Gala, a marshy meadow along a river or lake; a landing

place for boats ; callow and cala. Capall, a horse ; capple, cappul, and eclipsed with the

article (see p. 2), nagappul and nagapple. Carn, a monumental heap of stones ; cam, carna. Carr, a rock, rocky land.

Carraig [corrig], a rock; carrig, carrick, earriga. Cartron, a quailer of land (Anglo-2foi-man). Casan [cassaun], a path. Cath [cah], a battle. Cathair [caher], a circular stone fort, a city; caher,

cahir. CeaUurach [calluragh], an old burial ground ; callooragh.

H

98 Vocabulary of Iriali Root Woras.

Cealtrach [caltragh], an old burial ground; caUrag}\ caldragh.

Ceann [can], the head, front, or highest part of any- thing; kan, can, hin, hen.

Ceapach [cappa], a plot of ground laid down in tillage ; cappagh, cappa, cap, cappy.

Ccard [card], an artificer; nagard, na garde, "of the artificers."

Ceardcha [cardha], a forge ; carte, cart, cartan, carton.

Ceathramhadh [carhoo], a quarter, a quarter of land , carroio, carhoo, carrive.

Ceide [keady], a hillock, a hill level and smooth at top ; heady, headeiv, headagh, cady, caddagJi.

Ceis [kesh], a wicker basket, a wickerwork causewaj'; kif-h, kesh.

Cill [kill], a church ; hill, Ml, hyle, heel, cal, h'lle, hilla.

Cinel [kinel], kindred, race, descendants ; hinel, hinal.

Cladh [cly or claw], a ditch ; cly, claw, da.

Clann, children, a tribe ; clan, clann.

Clar, a board, a plain ; clar, dare.

Clais [clash], a trench ; dash.

Cliath [clee], a hurdle.

Cloch, a stone, a stone castle ; clogh, dough, do, dohy, cloy, naglogh.

Clochan, a row of stepping stones across a river, some- times a stone castle ; doghan, doghane, cloghaim.

Cluain [cloon], a meadow, a fertile piece of land among bogs, marshes, or woods ; cloon, clon, dm, cloony.

Cnap [knap], a knob, a round little hill; hnap, nap, crap, crup,

Cnoc [knock], a hill; hnoch, hnich, nich, crock, cruck.

Cobhlach [cowlagh], a fleet ; coicly, hoicly, coltig, holt.

Coigeadh [coga], a fifth part, a province; cooga, coogue.

Coin, a wood ; hil, hyle, cuill, cullia.

Coinicer [kniekere], a rabbit warren ; coneyheare, corn- car, conigar, conigare, hinnegar, nicher, ^'c.

Coini'n [cunneen], a rabbit ; coneen, nagoneen, nagoneeny.

Coll, the hazel : coll, col, cole, cull, cul, coyle, hyle, quill.

Congbhail [congwal], a habitation, a church; comi-al connell, cunnagavalc.

Cor, a round hill, &c

Vocabulary of h'lHh Root Words. 99

Cora, a weir; cor, corra, curra, cur.

Core, corca, race, progeny ; corka.

Corcach, a marsh ; corcagh, corkey, cork.

Corr, a crane or heron ; cor, gor, gore, nagor.

Cos, a foot ; cuss, cush, cosh.

Cot, a small boat; catty.

Craebh [crave], a branch, a large branchy tree ; creere.

crew, creeiy, nagreeve. Craig [crag], a rock. Crann, a tree; crann, cran, crin, nagran. Crannog, an artificial island or lake dwelling; crannoge.

cronoge. Creabhar [crour], a wood-cock; crour, nogrour. Creamh [crav], wild garlic.

Croch, a cross, a gallows, crogh, crohy, crehy, creha. Crochaire [crohcra], a hangman; ctoghera, croghery,

nagroghery. Cros, a cross; cross, crush, cnisha. Cniach, cruachan [cruagh, cruhaun], a rick, a round

stacked up hill ; crogh, cruagh, croagh, croghan,

croaghan. Cruit [crit], a hump, a round little hill ; emit, crotta^

crutta, crit. Cu, a fiei'ce dog, a hound — genitive con ; con, nagon,

nagun. Cuas [coose], a cave, a cove; coos, eoose, cose, cause,

goose, gose, nagoose. Cuil [cooil], a corner, an angle; cool, cole. Cuillionn [eullion], holly ; cullion, eullen. Cum [coom], a hollow, a dell or valley enclosed, except

on one side, by mountains; coom, coiim, coomhe. Currach, a marsh; curragh, curry, curra. Da [daw], two ; da, daw, a.

Daingean [dangan], a fortress: dangan, dingin, dingle. Dair [dar], an oak ; dar, der, dara, darra, darragh. Dairbhre [darrery], an oak forest, a place producing

oaks; darrery, dorrery, darraragh, derravara. Daire or doire [derry], an oak grove or wood; derry,

derri, der. Damh [dauv], an ox; dav, deVy daw, duff, diff, aff\ uffy

iff, and by eclipse, nanav.

iOO Vocabulary of Irish Root Words.

Dearc, derc [derkj, a cave; derh, dirk, dark.

Dearg [derg], red; derff, derrig, darrig.

Dearmhagh [darwahl, oak- plain ; durrow, durra, dirroio,

Disert, a desert, a hermitage ; disert, desert, dgsart, dy-

sert, ister, ester, isert, ishart, trisile. Dorahnach [downagh], Sunday, a church ; donagh, donna,

donny, don, dun. Draeighean, [dreean], blackthorn ; dreen. drain, drin. Droichead [drohedj, a bridge ; droghed, drehid, dronght

drait. Druim [drum], the back, a ridge or long hill ; drum

drom, drim, drum. Dumha [dooa], a burial mound ; dooey, dooa, doo, doe. Dun [doon], a fortified fort, a kingly residence ; <?«»,

don, doon, down. Dur, strong.

Each [agh], a horse ; augh, agh, eigli, &c. Eaglais faglish], a church; aglish, cglish, heagles, eglis. Eanach fannagh], a marsh ; annagh, anna, anny. Eas [ass], a waterfall ; ass, ess, assy, assa. Eascu, eascan [asscu, asscan], an eel ; askin. Edar, between ; eder, ader, adder. Eidhnean [Tnaun], ivy; eidneach [inagh], an ivy-bearing

place; inane, inagh, eany, enagh. Eilit [ellit], a doe ; elty, ilty, elt, tit. Eisc [esk], a water channel ; esk. Eiscir [esker], a ridge of high land, a sand hill; esker,

iskera, ascragh, eskeragh. En [ain], a bird ; naneane, " of the birds." 1*16 [o], a yew tree ; o, oe, go.

Eochaill [oghill] a yew wood ; oghill, aiighal, youghal Kiidan [eden], the forehead, a hill brow ; eden, edn. E}' (Danish), an island ; ey, i, ay, eye. I'^ada, long ; fada, fad, ad, ada, adda. Faeilean, faeilcog [fweelaun, fweeloge], a sea gull

naweelaun, naweeloge (" of the sea gulls"), tvheelion,

eelan. Faill [foyle], a cliff ; foyle, foil, fall. See Aill. Faithche [faha], a green level space near a residence^

for games, exercises, &c. ; a level field ; faha^ fahy.

fa,foy,fy.fey, feigh.

Vocabulary o/Irtsfi Boot Words. 101

Fasach [faussagh], a wilderness ; fasagh, fasiagh, fassa. Feadan [faddaun], a streamlet ; faddan, feddan, fiddan,

fiddane, eddan. Fejjdog [faddoge], a plover; viddoge, vaddoge, faddockf

feddock. Feannog [fannoge], a scaldcrow ; finnoge, funnock, tan- nage. Fear [far], a man ; fir, feara, men ; fer, fir, and by

eclipse, navar. Fearann [farran], land ; farran, farn, arran. Feam, feamog [farn, famoge], the alder tree; farn, Jern, farnagh, ferney , famant, famoge, navarn, navem, navarna. iearsad [farsad], a sand bank formed in a river by the opposing currents of tide and stream ; fargef, farsid, farsad, fast. Fert, ferta, a trench, a grave ; fert, farta, ferta, fartha,

aria, navart. Fiach [feeagh], a raven ; ee, eha, eigh, nareagh. Fiadh [feea], a deer ; eigh, eag, naveigh. Fidh [fih], a vroodi; fee, fi, feigh, feth, fith, fid. Fionn, finn [fin], white, clear, transparent; fin, finn,

fune, foun. Fiord (Danish), a sea inlet ; ford. Foraocht, a bare, naked, or exposed hill; forenaghtf

fornaght, farnaght. Fraech [freagh], heath; freagJi, frevgh, free, ree. Fuaran [fooran], a cold spring; see TJaran. Fuinnse, fuinnseann, fuinnseog [funsha, funshan. fun- shoge], the ash tree ; funcheon, funshin, ftmshinagh, funchoge. The /is omitted in the north, giving rise to such forms as unshin, unshinagh, inshinagh, unshog, hinchoge. Gabhal [goul, gole], a fork, a river fork; goal, gole,

gowel, goole, gola. Gabhar [gour], a goat ; gotcer, gour, gore. Gaertha [gairha], a thicket along a river ; gearha, gea-

ragh, geeragh, gairha, geary. Gall [Gaul], a foreigner, a Gaid ; a standing stone;

gall, gal, gatd, guile, gill, gullia. Gallan [gallaun], a standing stone ; gallon, gullane, ii2

102 Vocahulat-y of Irish Root Words.

Gacth [gwee], wind ; gee, geeha, geehj, geeth.

Gamhan [gowan], a calf; goican, gown.

Garahnach [gowiiagh], a railch cow, a stripper; gownagh,

gawnagh. Garbh [gavriv], rough, rugged ; garrijf, garve, garra. Garran [garraun], a shiTibbery; garran, garrane, gar-

raun, gam. Garrdha [gaura], a garden ; garra, garry. Gedh [gay], a goose; gay. Glaise, glais, glas [glasha, glash, glas], a streamlet ;

glasha, glash, glas, glush. Glas, green ; glass. Gleann [glan], a glen or valley ; glen, glln, ghjnn, glan,

glanna. Gniorah [gneevel, a measure of land ; gneeve. Gobha, gen. gobhan [gow, gown], a smith ; goiv, goe,

go, goivn, goican, guivna. Gorm, green; goi'm. Gort, a tilled field ; gort, gurt, gart. Greuch [greagh], a marshy place; greagh, greugli. Graig, a village; graigue, grag, greg. Grian [greean], the sun ; green, gren, greany. Grianan [greenan], a summer house, a palace; greenan,

greenane, greenaun, grenan, grennan. Guala [goola], the shoulder, a hill; goolan, golden. Imleaeh [imlagh], a marsh on the margin of a lake or

river; emlagh, emly, imilagh. Inbhear [inver], the mouth of a river ; inver, enner,

ineer. Inis [inish], an island, a low meadow along a river;

inis, inish., ennis, inch. lolar [iller], an eagle ; iller, uller, ilra, ulra, illard. lomaire [uminera], a ridge or long hill ; ummera, luw

mery, tcmry, arnery. lubhar [yure], a yew tree ; tire. Ladhar [lyre, lear], a fork, a fork formed by glens or

rivers; li/re, lear. Laegh [lay], a calf; he, lea, high. Lag, lug ; a hollow, a hollow in a mountain ; lag, lig,

leg, lug. Liigh [law], a hill ; law, la.

Vocabtilm-y of Irhh Root Words. 103

Lann, a house, a church ; lun, lann, land, lynn, h/n.

Larach [lauragh], a mare; lara, laragh.

Lathair, lathrach [lauher, lauragh], a site, a site of a

huilding ; laragh, lauragh. Lax (Danish), a salmon ; lax, leix. Leaba, leabaidh [labba, labby], a bed, a grave ; lalboy

lahby. Leac, lie, liag [lack, lick, leeg], a flagstone ; lack, leek,

licky leek, leege. Leaca, Leacan [lacka, lackan], the side of a hill j laclcan,

lacJcen, lackmin, lecTcan, leckattn, lacka. Leacbt [laght], a monumental heap of stones; laght,

lai, let, lett. Leamh, leamhan [lav, lavaun], the elm tree; Icvati,

levane, livazm, laune, lamph. Leamhchoill [lavwhill], an elm wood ; laughil, laghil,

laghile, loghill, loughill, lamfield, longfield. Learg, leargaidh, leargan [larg, largy^ largan], the side

or slope of a hill ; largy, largan. Leath [lab], half; lah, la, le. Leathard [lahard], half height, a gentle hill; lahard,

lard. Leim [lame], a leap ; learn, lem, lim. Leithinnsi [lehinshi], half island, a peninsula; lehineh,

lahinch, lynch. Leitir [letter], a wet side of a hill, plural leatracha [la-

traha]; letter, lattera, letter a, lettcragh. Liagan [legaun], a pillar stone; legan, legane, legaun

leegane, leagan. Liath [leea], grey; lea.

Liathmhuine [leewinny], grey shrubbery; leaffony, lea- fin, liafin, lefinn, leighmoney. Lios [lis], a circular eai-then fort; lis, les, lis/t, lass

lassa. Loch, a lake ; lough, low. Loisgrean [luskraun], com burnt in the ear; lush-aim,

loskeraun, loskeran, lustraun, lustran, lustrin. Loisgthe [luska], burnt, burnt land ; lushj, losky, hisk. Lon, londubh [Ion, londuv], a blackbird; lun. Long, a ship ; lojig.

104 Vocabulary of Insh Root Words.

Longphort [longfort], a fortress ; long ford, lonart, lun-

Jcard. Lurga, lurgan, the shin, a long low hill; lurraga,

lurgan. Machaire [mahera], a plain; magheva, niaghery. Mac-tire [macteera], a wolf; micteera, victeera. Madadh, madradh [madda, maddru], a dog; maddg,

maddoo, maddra, vaddy, vaddoo, vaddra. Madhm [maum], an elevated mountain pass; maumf

moym. Mael [mwail], bald, a hornless cow, a bald or bare hill;

moyle, meet, mweel. Maethail [mwayhil], soft spongy land; mohill, mothel,

mothell, mekill, moyle, weehill. Magh [maw], a plain ; moy, ma, may, moig\ moig, muff,

mo. Mas [mauce], the thigh, a long low hill -, mace, mas^

maus, mass. Meall [mall], a lump, a round little hill; maul. Miliuc [meeluck], low marshy ground, land near a lake

or river ; meelick, mellick. Min [meen], smooth, fine, small; meoi. Moin [mone], a bog; mone, man, mona, vone. Mor [more], great, large ; more, mor. Mota, a moat, a high mound ; moat, mota, mote. Mothar [raoher], in the north, a cluster of trees; in the

south, the ruin of a fort, or of any building ; moher. Muc [muck], a pig; muck, mucky. Muileau [muUenj, a mill; mullen, mullin, tvillin. Muine [money], a shrubbery ; money. Muiutir [munter], family, people; munter. Muirisc [raurrisk], a sea-side marsh; murrisk. Mullach [mullagh], a summit; mullagh, mulla, muUy^

mid. Murbhach [murvah], a salt marsh along the sea; mur'

vagh, murvey, murragh, murreagh, murrow. Nas [nauce], an assembly place; naas, nash. Nead [nad], a bird's nest; nad, tied, nid, neth. 0» C*^g^> young, little ; oge, og, ock. Oilean [oilaun], an island ; illaHf illane, illaun. Omna, an oak; omtia. umna.

Vocabulary of Irish Root Words. 105

Os, a fawn ; uss, ish.

Piast [peeast], a beast, a worm, a serpent ; j)t<w^, peastia^

beast. Pobul [pubble], people ; puhble, pobhle, popple, pohul,

phubble. Poll, a hole ; polU pod, pull, pool, foyle, phuill, phuU. Preachan [prehaun], a crow; preaghaun. Puca [pooka], a pooka or spright ; pooka^ puck, pooh,

phuca. Rath [raw], a circular fort; rath, raw, rah, ray, ra,

raha. Reidh [ray], a coarse mountain flat ; rea, re, rey. Reilig [rellig], a cemetery ; relick, relig. Eiabhach [reeagh], grey ; reagh, rea. Kiasc [reesk], a marsh; riesk, reisk, risk, reask. Rince, rinceadh [rinka], dance; rinky, rinha, rink. Rinn, a point of land ; rin, rine, reen, ring, ranna. Ros, generally means a wood in the south, and a pen- insula in the north ; ross, rus, rush. Rusg, a marsh ; roosk, rusk, rusky, rusky, Saer [sair], a carpenter ; seer, leer. Sagart, a priest; saggar t, taggart, teggart. Saileach fsaulagh], a sallow ; sillagh, sallagh, sill. SamhuinTsowen, savin], the first of ^November ; souna,

sawna, hawan, human, haven, hawna. Scairbh [scarriff], a shallow rugged ford ; skarriff,

scarry, scarva, scurvy, scarragh. Scairt [scart], a thicket; scart, scarty. Sceach [skagh], a whitethorn bush; skeagh, skehy, skey,

ske, skeha, skew. Scealp [skalp], a cleft; scalp. Sceilig [skellig], a rock ; skellig. Sceir [sker], a sharp rock, plxiral sceire [skerry] ; sker

skerry, skerries. Serin [skreen], a shrine; skreen, skryne, skreena. Seabhac [shouk], a hawk ; shoke, shock, touk, take. Sealan [shallanj, a hangman's rope, a gallows ; shalhn,

shullan. SealgPshallog], hunting; shallog, shellig. Sean [shan], old ; shan, shanna. Seiseadh [sheshal a sixth part; shesha, sheshia, sheshiv

106 Vocabulary of Irish Root Words.

Seisreach [shesheragh], a measure of land; sheshera^

shesheraffh, sistra. Seiscenn [^sheskin], a marsh, a quagmire ; shesh'n, sesh'n,

teskin. Sidh I shee], a fairy hill, a fairy; shee. Sidhean |_8heeaun], a fairy hill ; sheauriy sheehaun, sheean,

shean, sion, shane. Siol LsheelJ, seed, descendants ; shil, sJiel. Sionnach [shinnagh], a fox ; shinny, shinnagh, tinny. Sliabh [sleeve], a mountain ; slieve, slie, sle, lieve, lie f

and by an eclipse of s, tleva, tlieve, ilea. Slighe [slee], a road or pass ; she. Sluagh [sloo], a host ; sloe, the, tloy, tlowig. Snamh [snauvj, swimming, a swimming ford ; snaut\

snave, sna, tna, tra. Sradbhaile [sradvally], street-town, a town with one

street ; stradhally. Sraid [sraud j, a street; sraud, straid, strade, strad. 8r6n [srone], the nose, a nose-like hill ; sroan, shroney

stran. Sruth I sruh], a stream; sruh, srue, srough, strew. Sruthair [eruher], a stream; shrule, shruel, struell, sroof,

sroohill. Sruhan [sruhaun], a stream ; sroughan, sruffaun, straf-

fan, truan, trone. Ster (Danish), a place. Stuaic [stookj, a pointed pinnacle, an out jutting point

of rock ; stock. SuidhefseeJ, a sitting place, a seat; see, se, sea, shi. Taebh [tave], the side, a hill-side ; teeve, teev. Taimhleacht [tavlaghtj, a plague-grave, a place where

those who died of a plague were interred; tallaght^

tamlaght, tamlat, tawlaght, towlaght, toulett, howlaght^

hawlagh, hamlat, Aamlet. T nhnach [tawnaghj, a green field; tawnagh, tawny^

lonagh, tamnagh, taniny. Tarbh [tarrivj, a bull; tairiv, terriff, tarriff, tarf^

tarry^ herriff, harriff. Tate, tath ; a measure of land ; tat, tafe. Teach [taghj, a house; tagh, ta, tee, ti, ty; and by cor- ruption, sta, sfr, sty.

Vocabulary of Irish Root Words. 107

Teamhair [tawer], an elevated spot commanding an

extensive view; tara, totiragh, totcer, taur. Teampull [tampnl], a church ; temple. Teine [tinna], fire ; tinni/, tenny. Teotan [totaun], a burning or conflagration ; iotaun. Tobar, tipra (gen. tioprad), a well; tober, tuhher, tip-

per, tuhhrid, tibret. Tochar [togher"], a causeway over a bog or marsh;

togher. Tor, a tower, a tower-like rock ; t(^r. Tore [turk], a boar; turJc, tore, hirk, nadurh. Traigh [tra], a strand; tra, traw, tray. Trian [treen], a third part; treen, trean, trien. Triucha [truha], a cantred or district ; trough, true. Tromm, the elder or boor-tree ; trim^ trom, trum. Tuaim [toom], a tumulus or burial mound ; toome, torn,

toom, turn. Tuar [toor], a bleach green, any green field where

things were put to bleach or dry ; to&r, tore, tour. Tulach [tulla], a little hill; iulla, tullow, tullagh, tuUy,

tul. Turlach [toorlagh], a lake that dries up in summer; tur-

lotigh, turly. Ua, a grandson, a descendant ; plural ui or uibh [ee, iv""

descendants; 0 (in such names as O'Brien), Ay, t,

he. Uagh, uaimh [ooa, ooiv], a cave, gen. uamhann [ooan];

forms the terminations oe, oo, nahoe, nahoo, oova, of*,

one^ oon. Uaran [ooran], a cold spring ; oran. Qbhall [oolj, an apple; see-abhall. Uisce [iskaj, water ; iska, isky, isk. Urchur [urker], a cast or throw ; urcher. Umaidhe [umy], a prayer, a prayer-house or oratory;

wmey, and with the article incorporated, numy. *ti!

THE Ein).

^

DA Joyce, Patrick Weston 920 Irish local names

J68 explained 1902

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