ae eee: sriteey Sf: + ae syont A Salen soece: Corse ichree : e bead os chsh pétaches ee * eee Tit Soetiele ed og, Soeses gests sresvesteichetetes re oes 28; rer ore - $37 HH EirS bsitct ae se pectette Sesebes heleiater Setert: ate t Retest fecpeeeoeares Fel baste Te]+] ut . ats See ot tedy sees Salelel ed, Seber: pobre tars ee Ls risticgie: Girbeerprety cororensd pr ates pie sot rt be sees 3 Ba esate tect bet a sea sietagigece TE reste by besthase bs oa] S<3% eSrere r+ +} <) ee a ER seteseat anise cf eegiieed ¢ civarshtt Core ararse thee eel et r je Jereiepapst if: pertain a B. SHOOK’S id PRACTICAL TREATISE | FOR SWINE AND | | OTHER LIVE STOCK | ere f Os Bay, WRAL, Nay SANS aA ASS 1884—1916 J. B. SHOOK’S Practical Treatise on Hog Cholera, Swine Fever, Pneumonia and the Various other Diseases of Swine, Poultry and other Live Stock | With Valuable Information as to Cause, Treatment and Cure, With Full Instructions. Showing how to compound and use the Medicines for all Live Stock made from the Receips Furnished with this Book. | WitH OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION. | | | By J’ B. SHOOK, Author of Shook’s Guide for Stock Breeders, | Standard Works of 500 pages | Published | 1885—1887 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1917 By J. B. SHOOK, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D.C. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. RECIPE WORK. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the years 1913, 1914 and 1917. ByiJ. b=SHOOK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. In United States of America and Canada. / V MAR 28 1917 ©ciaacoo 69 REMARKS. I am often asked this question, ““Why do you sell your medicine recipes?” First, because the medicine for Diseased Hogs—Cholera, Swine Fever and Pneumonia, cannot be commercialized. Second, having quit practice, I adopted this method in place of selling my various medicines and remedies. Third, know- ing that the best way to control the diseases of Swine is to Educate the Swine Raisers how to do so. Fourth, knowing a work of this kind was greatly needed. I concluded to give the Stockmen the benefit of my life work; believ- ing it will supply a long felt want. Therefore; to the American Farmers and Stock Breeders, I respectfully dedicate this work. Devoted to | their interest and service. (oo | PREFACE The object of the author in offering this work to the public is to furnish to American Stockmen a concise and reliable treatise of do- mestic animals and especially Swine, as the experience of the author has shown him that such diseases as Hog Cholera, Swine Fever and Pneumonia — those three fatal diseases that carry off the hogs of the country —are less understood by Veterinarians, as well as the owners, than any other diseases of Live Stock. I am well aware that there are persons who claim there is no such a thing as Hog Cholera and Swine Fever, that is caused by “Germs,” but when I meet one of those kind, I try to avoid any controversy; because, “Two of a kind have met.” Being a Student and close Observer of the teachings of the most scientific men known, who have investigated the diseases of Swine, and having had over thirty years’ experience in the treatment of these diseases, I therefore feel able to teach all who may wish to learn, what these diseases are, what causes them, how to avoid or successfully treat them, as well as the minor diseases. Not Theories and Suppositions, but Facts Eminent scientists, Doctors, Detmers, Sal- men, Law and others of America and Europe, many years ago discovered that Swine Plague 6 —Cholera and Swine Fever, were “Germ” dis- cases, similar to Cholera, Typhus, or Typhoid Fever in the human family, and are contagious and capable of being transmitted in various ways. It was through these men, by following their teachings and by observation, experiments and practice, I obtained my success, and I fully substantiate their teaching to be correct. Some may ask, “How successful are you?” In 1884, when I commenced to treat hogs for any one wishing my services, I always guaranteed to save 80 per cent. of a herd of hogs, under all conditions, or no pay, and cholera was the pre- vailing disease in those days. Some years later, I raised the per cent. to 90, and in treat- ing 500 to 1000 hogs in a neighborhood, I would average from 95 to 97 per cent., and this, when they were in all stages of the dis- ease and often had to be treated under very unfavorable conditions as to weather, etc. Treatment in Book and Recipe Form With this Book, but on a separate sheet, will be furnished my Recipes, showing how to make and use the Medicines which I used in my practice with hogs, and also other valuable ones for other stock. All technical or medical names have been avoided as much as possible, and the informa- tion given in plain language, and the amount of each drug is given in both weight and measure, thus adapting it to the wants of the Farmer and Stockmen, so he can easily use them, thus filling a long-felt want, not only as to relia- 7 bility, but as to cost as well, being inexpensive and easy to use. In this work I do not recom- mend one medicine for all uses, as has to be done, as a rule, in a ready-to-use medicine, but explain the symptoms so one can tell as a rule what ails his stock; then show what to use to treat them, which is the most successful way it can be done. I do not claim it is the. only medical treatment, which is the proper treatment, that will prevent or eradicate Swine diseases; but by far the most successful one that has ever come under my observation, and judging from what many others say, who have used it, or saw it used, in the past 28 years, this claim is fully substantiated. Sold by Responsible Agents For the protection of the Public, as well as the Author, this work will be sold by Reliable and Responsible agents, who will be furnished with proper credentials, so any one in buying it can rely upon getting it in its true and com- plete form. —— NN eee ee ne CHAPTER I. Investigation of Swine Disease by Dr. H. J. Detmers, James Law and Others — Their Discoveries — Germ Theory — Opponents of the Germ Theory — Proof Thereof — Why Summer is the Most Dangerous Season. Investigations by the Government In support of the practical experience of the author set forth in the preceding pages, I can- not do better perhaps than to give some ex- tracts from Drs. James Law and H. J. Det- mers, in their excellent report to the Commis- sioner of Agriculture of the United States, in 1880, upon the cause and effects of hog cholera, swine fever, or what they called hog fever or swine plague. In experimenting in this direc- tion and others, Dr. H. J. Detmers and Dr. James Law, while investigating this disease in the fall and winter of 1879 and 1880, being a part of the commission as appointed by the government, made discoveries which I consider of great value, and I will give such extracts from their report as I think may be useful to the general farmer, in order to show more plainly the cause and effect of hog cholera or swine fever and its treatment. Dr. Detmers says: ‘When I first commenced my investiga- tion, I had clear sailing, because an abundance of material was always available. The disease presented itself almost everywhere in its malig- nant form. I endeavored first to ascertain the nature and the cause or causes of the disease, . the means and manner of its spreading, and 9 the working of its morbid process; secondly, to discover the means necessary to check its spreading and to prevent its outbreak, and to learn the most practical means of prevention, that is, such as would most likely be the least objectionable to the farmers, and prove both effective and easy of application; thirdly, to ascertain whether and to what extent an at- tack of swine-plague terminating in recovery is able to destroy further predisposition or to produce immunity from the effects of a sub- sequent infection. Hence, as it was my inten- tion to find reliable means of prevention, and to subject the preventives to a severe test, it was not advisable to inoculate from any case of swine-plague that presented itself or was convenient. But I made my selections, and only used material from malignant and typical cases of swine-plague, also refusing to use any material from cases showing putrefaction; therefore, I am sure I have made no mis- takes.” Its Infectious or Contagious Character “When the disease has assumed a malignant form, it is the same as the Asiatic cholera, or typhus or typhoid fever of the human family, and being infectious or contagious, and capable of being germinated, propagated and transported in various ways, which proves it is a Germ disease.” “It has been a great mystery to the farmer how the disease spreads from place to place without apparent actual contact. It was like fighting in the dark to attempt to prevent it, 10 ; and many gave up in despair and saying, ‘what will die, will die anyway.’ “There is no doubt but what the infectious nature of the disease may, under a predispos- ing condition of local causes, etc., take the con- tagious form, which is far more malignant, sweeping and fatal in character. That a few spasmodic cases may occur in a drove, which if neglected, may so increase in number and violence as to become highly contagious. This contagious matter is of a fixed character, and is present in the blood, the discharges, and of course in the place inhabited. It possesses great vitality, and will transmit the disease to well hogs, whenever they come in contact witn these poisonous discharges, or where sick hogs have been.” Opponents of the Germ Theory The Doctor, in support of his theory, says: “The opponents of the so-called germ theory of disease, well knowing that a complete sepa- ration of the germs from the animal tissues and fluids is impossible, demand _ absolute proof, without offering any evidence whatever in support of their own ‘theories’ or even demonstrating the existence of anything akin to what they claim constitutes the cause and infectious principle of infectious diseases.” “As further proof that the swine plague germ and nothing else constitutes the infec- tious principle of swine plague, he offers the following: First, if one Inoculates a well hog with the Virus of a hog that has the swine plague, it will contract the disease, and this 4t virus can be retained for quite a while, and favorably cultivated in urine or other liquids and if healthy hogs are inoculated with it, it proves fatal. Second, if a portion of a hog that has died of cholera is fed to a well hog, it proves fatal, and. healthy hogs will contract the disease if allowed to be where diseased hogs have been. Third, if one goes among sick hogs and then among well ones, the dis- ease can be spread in this and various other ways. In warm weather, and especially if wet, the disease spreads from farm to farm, and much faster than in cold weather. All these things prove that the disease is con- tagious. Therefore any one should be careful and avoid anything that will convey or spread the disease.” Treatment Produces Immunity Dr. Detmers says: “It can and may attack one and the same animal twice, and even three times, but if it does, the second and third at- tacks are always mild ones and not apt to prove fatal, unless complicated with other dis- eases. As a rule, however, the first attack, provided the animal recovers, produces im- munity from the effects of a subsequent infec- tion, at any rate for some time, and it may be for life. An interrupted attack, that has been prevented from causing seriouS morbid changes, by Medical treatment, as a rule, seems to produce Immunity.” How it Affects the Organs “The morbid process of swine plague can have its seat in almost any organ or part of 12 the body. Yet it must be considered as charac- teristic of the disease, that the lungs: invari- ably are more or less affected, and constitute in a large number of cases the principal seat of the morbid process, though the intestines and liver may, and in most cases do, show tobe effected.” | “The intensity of this contagious matter seems also to vary according to the form and malignancy of the disease. The period which elapses between exposure and the attack Is not always the same, varying with the form the disease assumes, from a few hours to a few weeks. As we have stated before, an in- fectious disease may become malignant and contagious, and one form of the disease does not necessarily impart the same type to an- other, but depends more upon the primary seat of the malady in the patient. It may take the enteric form or the external carbuncular char- acter. It may localize its attacks on certain organs with well defined symptoms, which are more prolonged in their results, or, it may af- fect the whole organization, and destroy life in a few hours.” When the Death Rates Increase “The death rate in a herd of affected swine is increased or decreased respectively by the malignancy of the disease, which, it seems, de- pends largely, on the one hand, upon the rapidity with which the swine plague germs develop and propagate, and on the other hand, upon the size of the herd, the condition of the premises on which they are kept, the number 13 of diseased animals in the herd, and the mode and manner in which the animals are attended to. Everything else being equal, the mortality as a rule, will be the greater, the more rapidly the disease is spreading from one animal to another, and the more abundant the infectious principle. This is easily explained. The larger the herd and the greater the number of animals diseased at the same time, the greater is also the quantity of the excretions from the bowels and urine containing the swine germs. The chief cause of the disease spreading is by the well coming in contact with the dis- charges of the sick. Therefore, one can see how impertant it is to, at once, remove a sick hog from the herd when first noticed. Hogs in large numbers or diseased ones should not be allowed to sleep about old straw stacks, etc., because nothing is more apt to absorb the con- tagious or infectious principle, and to preserve it longer or more effectively than old straw, hay, or manure heaps, composed mostly of hay or straw for the contagion that is absorbed by or clings to such material will remain effective and be a source of spreading the disease for a long time.” Material of this kind should be hauled out and spread over a field, where it will lose its poisonous nature. Intestine and Lung Worms “In my post-mortem examinations I fre- quently found worms in the stomach and intes- tines, also in the bronchial tubes and lungs. But these worms do not constitute the cause 14 of swine plague, and their presence is merely an accidental complication, well calculated, though, to increase the malignancy of the mor- bid process, because their presence necessarily weakens the constitution of the animal, and thus facilitates the operations of the germs. On the other hand, worms always thrive better in a diseased or declining organism than in a healthy animal.” Author—This is what I have tried to teach Stockmen for years, that “worms are not the cause of cholera,” as advocated by some, but that they were injurious to hogs and should be removed, if the hog is expected to thrive as it should, and avoid other troubles. Also, as to the burning of diseased hogs that have died, for by so doing the danger of spreading the disease by allowing the dead lying around ex- posed is obviated, and the germs are entirely destroyed. This is much better than to bury them—no matter how deep—for the germs may be carried through some drain to a stream and in this way introduce and spread the dis- ease. Time Between Exposure and Attacks The experiments of Drs. Law, Detmers, Sal- men, Sutton, Budd, Osler and others, in inocu- lating sound hogs with the Virus (poisoned blood of sick ones), have shown the period of incubation to vary greatly, sometimes proving fatal the first day, and in other instances, not until the fifteenth day. Dr. Detmers gives the period, “from five to fifteen days, or an average of seven days.” The author’s experi- 15 ence and observation in having well hogs with sick ones, have placed the period of infection © from three to thirteen days, but the majority of cases occuring in from seven to nine days. “The intensity of this contagious matter seems to vary according to the form and malignancy of the disease. The period which elapses between exposure and the attack is not always the same, varying with the form the disease assumes, from a few hours to a few weeks. As we have stated before, an infec- tious disease may become malignant and con- tagious, and one form of the disease does not necessarily impart the same type to another, but depends more upon the primary seat of the malady in the patient. It may take the enteric form or the external carbuncular char- acter. It may localize its attacks on certain organs with well defined symptoms, which are more prolonged in their results, or, it may af- fect the whole organization, and destroy life in a few hours.” This information as given by the learned doctors who are as high authority as we have on the subject, will show why all hogs are not sick alike (Symptoms the same), and that the time between exposure to the disease and its attack, depends very much on the health of the hogs; a strong, healthy one, as a rule, will resist the disease much longer than a weak one. It also shows that if hogs are inoculated with Virus (blood of cholera hogs), that it will transmit the disease and prove more or less mahgnant and contagious. 16 Suggestions Followed Dr. Koch, an eminent German scientist and a standard authority on cholera in the human species, says: “Cholera will have but little effect among those who keep the digestive organs, and the kidney and liver in a healthful condition.” Following this suggestion of Dr. Koch’s, as well as those of Drs. Detmers, Sal- menand Law, who says: “The system can be habituated to the poison and fortified against it, by a succession of doses of medicines, for if a germ is once introduced, though of miti- gated fever, it may increase so as to develop to an altogether unexpected degree. Pains should be taken to supply and furnish them with proper remedies, for if administered in time, not only will the diseases arising from local causes be removed or prevented, but ex- posure of the herd to swine fever, cholera, however contagious, will not result disas- trously.” The explanation given as to what Hog Cholera, Swine Fever is, what causes it, and how it is transmitted from one hog or place to another, is based upon scientific work by Drs. H. J. Detmers, James Law, Salmen and other Government experts and thoroughly tested in the field by the author and approved of. Therefore, I believe, they will be admitted to be correct when studied also that my method of treatment is correct and my remedies effec- tual when properly used. 47 CHAPTER II Introductory Treatise on Swine—Assist Na- ture—Oxygen—Prevention—General Case— Medicine for General Use—How to Use. Pork is King in America And the channel through which our grain and grass finds a ready market throughout the world. In raising Swine the nearer we ap- proach nature the better. This is more force- ably brought to mind when we remember “nature never makes any mistakes.” Diseased hogs have caused the consumption of pork in this country to greatly decrease and has more to do with its refusal than any other cause. Once the American farmer learns to raise healthy hogs and quits sending diseased hogs to market (which is both wrong and un lawful), we can easily induce all foreign pec- ple, as well as our own, to use our pork, whic) from a financial standpoint as well as a health- ful one, will be a great gain. Never Abuse, but Assist Nature Domestication should not be allowed _ to change the physical condition of Swine, and artificial means should be employed to supply what nature requires. Swine by nature are calculated to root for such things as their sys- tem requires, such as roots, insects, reptiles, earthly substances, etc., the natural excitants of the stomach, liver and bowels, and which have a tendency to keep the digestive organs and the kidneys and liver in a healthy condi- 18 tion. This is why cholera was unknown when Swine were allowed the wild range and to roam at will. Domestication and the cultivation of the lands have deprived them of these natural antidotes, and made them an easy prey to dis- ease, which is the cause of cholera (swine fever) and other diseases. Anyone can see how important it is to supply them with an artificial antidote that has the same medical properties as the natural one, which will over- - come the evil effect of domestication, and so strengthen the system as to resist the attacks of the germs of disease when coming in con- tact with them and also prevent them from be- coming sick from any local cause, as malarious poison, over feeding, etc., for if the hogs are in perfect health they are not liable to become sick from any local cause and if the parasites or germs of disease are taken into the system in any way they will not propagate (increase) in a healthy body near so rapidly as in a weak and unhealthy one; again, if the system is in perfect working order, these poisonous para- sites or germs pass off through the natural channels, the bowels and urine, more rapidly than with an irregular one, thereby preventing the disease from becoming fatal. Oxygen—Pure Air Necessary It should be borne in mind that the hog re- quires more Oxygen (pure air) in proportion to its size than any other domestic animal. Nature has so constructed him that he carries his nose closer to the ground, thereby inhaling 19 more malarious poison, germs of disease, etc., sleeps in more confined places and in greater numbers than other domestic animals (there- fore gets less Oxygen) which is one of the principal causes of disease. To evade this sup- ply them with suitable sleeping quarters, not too many in a place, keep them out of old straw stacks, manure heaps, dusty barns, etc., and in cold weather bed liberally and keep their beds clean. Corn fodder, leaves and prairie hay is -better than straw, as it does not become foul and damp so quickly. This is something that should be borne in mind, and especially if sick hogs are confined in close hog houses, to not fail to have plenty of overhead ventilation, as the air becomes very poisonous and causes the disease to be- come of a chronic form, making it much harder to treat the sick or stop its spreading. Prevention Better Than Cure Remember the old adage, “an ounce of pre- vention is worth a pound of cure,” and in no case is this more true than in Swine raising. Having briefly enumerated the principal eauses of Cholera (Swine fever), and how it spreads, in support of the germ theory, you will understand how important it is to look carefully after your hogs when there is any disease in the neighborhood or country, and upon the first indication of disease (if not be- fore) give them attention. Special Remarks as to Treatment—As a rule, it is the close observer and careful handler of stock that is the most successful; close ob- 20 servation and prompt action are two essential things (especially with sick stock) ; again, any one using medicine with stock, should remem- ber that old or large animals require more than small young ones. Therefore read and study the directions herein given carefully, and do as directed, if you wish to obtain best re- sults, as I believe they will be found correct and reliable if given a fair trial. I know there is no rule or advice that can be given that every one can, or will, follow to the letter; but if followed as near as circumstances will permit, I do not fear the results or criticism. One thing to remember, that is, just as soon as it is noticed that the hogs (are off) not doing well, it is best to give them attention at once. Delays are dangerous. Directions as a Preventive See Recipe No. 1—Take the amount of each Drug as given by each number, mix well and use as follows: Take one pint of the medicine and dissolve it in water and wet one bushel of bran, mill-feed, oats or use in ten gallons of swill (slop), for thirty to sixty head as to size (large hogs require more than small ones), at a feed. When feeding old corn, wheat, or on dry pasture, this remedy should be given as above, twice a week regularly, as such feed is liable to cause fever and constipation. Or when there is any disease in the neighborhood. At all times it should be used at least once a week; twice is better, and especially in the fall and winter when the hogs are off of grass, for that is when they need the most care. 21 This remedy will not only be found a reliable preventive against disease; but it will cause the hogs to take on flesh much faster than when not used, thereby saving time and feed. All hogs should have at least one feed of soft laxative food a week. That makes it so easy to give this remedy, and it should not be neg- lected, as it costs so little to use it. Another thing, remember “Water and Salt” are two es- sential things for hogs. The hog is the most feverish animal there is, therefore requires more water than others. This should be pure and fresh. Avoid stagnant pools. Give them salt every day or two, or keep soda salt by them. How made. See Recipe No. 7—Or, add one pint of salt and one-half pint of soda to ten gallons of water, and soak the corn in it. Old corn treated in this way. will put on much more flesh to the bushel than fed dry, as it aids digestion and keeps the system in order, so the full benefit of the food is obtained. It is not the amount of food a hog eats that pays, it is what it turns into flesh. The Remedy will aid greatly to do this by keeping the hog healthy and causing it to better digest its food. Knowing that the main bulk of the hogs of the country are raised and fed off by the small farmers or feeders, these directions and treat- ment can be followed by most of them; but as there are cases where it is difficult to do so, I advise the making and use of the Hog Tonic, as advised in Recipe No. 5, also one of the Salt Tonics. See Recipe No. 7 or 8, so hogs can have free access to them at all times. 22 For Sows—Use the remedy No. 1 two or three days before and after farrowing. Dose, a level tablespoonful once a day. This will re- move all fever and cause a greater flow of milk; then use it once or twice a week there- after, which will keep both sows and pigs healthy, providing reasonable sanitary means are observed. Keep them out of old. straw stacks, manure heaps or dusty barns, and stag- nant pools in warm weather, and away from sick hogs, or where they have been. This medicine is all that is necessary to use as a preventative or when hogs are not doing well —off their feed—or in mild cases of sickness. A Few Don’ts Dedicated to the Swine Raisers —If you have this treatise, don’t expect it to protect your hogs unless you use it, for it won’t. Use it as directed. If you are treating sick hogs, don’t expect to cure all of them; that in most cases is impossible. Don’t ship them, for some one will eat this diseased meat. For information other than given, please examine other parts of the book, of the Recipe Work Furnished, or write, as any information wanted will be furnished those having the work. Address, J. 6Shook. Columbus. 10: 23 CHAPTER Itt Treatise on Diseased Hogs Introduction. — Hog Cholera, Swine’ Fever, Typhoid Pneumonia and Their Symptoms.— Directions for General Treatment.—How to Mix the Medicine fer Cholera and Other Uses.—Incurable Cases. The following treatise on diseased hogs is based upon practical knowledge and scientific principles, from work, careful study, exper- ience and practice in the field by the author from 1884 to 1916. The marked progress made during the past years in the practice of treat- ing diseased swine, and the demand for more information upon this subject from my numer- ous patrons renders a new volume upon these 3ubjects indispensably necessary. Not that the principles of my medical practice have been materially changed, but greatly improved upon and simplified. I will in this edition give the added experience of those years of constant labor and observation in my only and chosen profession; and in presenting my works to the public, I feel confident that if the rules herein given are carefully carried out, that the most of any diseased lot of hogs can be saved, and the disease entirely eradicated or prevented on any farm or in any neighborhood, and hun- dreds of farmers and feeders that have tried it, testify to the same. Symptoms Explained The location of the internal organs are nearly the same in a hog as in a man, and as far as 24 practicable the treatment is about the same. This I firmly believe. I do not cure every disease known to swine with one mixture of drugs, but explain in a plain way the different symptoms of the differ- ent diseases, so one can tell what ails the hogs, and therefore know what to do for them and not think, or be led to believe that every ailment the hogs may show, is cholera. Drugs Plainly Described The name of the drugs and the amount of each is given in a plain way, so any person of common capacity can understand and use it. Although I do not use the common drugs which are used in most proprietary hog medicines, or by farmers who have recipes of their own; such as copperas, sulphur, glauber salts, resin, saltpetre, or borax, yet the drugs which I do use are cheap, and as easily obtained and handled as those named. My mode of admin- istering medicine to swine—in fact, the only successful way, is to mix it in their drink or wet feed. Being less manageable than any other stock they obstinately resist all attempts at coercion or drenching. If hogs are too far gone to eat or drink, the chances of recovery are against them, but by careful treatment even in this stage of the disease, very often they can be saved. In my treatment, as to the man- agement and the administering of the medicine, I shall endeavor to make it so plain and prac- tical that any person can read and readily un- derstand it, and by its practice make the treat- ing of diseased swine a success. 25 This treatise has been thoroughly tested by many of the best breeders and feeders of Ohio and other states, not only as a cure and pre- ventive for the many local diseases, but as a cure and preventive for the swine plague in its most malignant and contagious form. It bears their unqualified endorsements. The testimon- ials used by me in any way are all bona fide, and from persons of good standing in their re- spective communities or professions. And now, during my extensive practice in treating diseased swine, which has brought me in pleasant intercourse with many of the most prominent breeders and extensive feeders, and in sincere appreciation of their many courtesies and favors, especially in tendering their names and influence in commendation and endorse- ment of my system of treatment, or in testi- mony of services in the past, I respectfully sub- scribe this volume. Treatment for Sick Hogs Hog Cholera, Swine Fever, Pneumonia I will first mention the three most fatal dis- eases known to swine, and their symptoms, and known all over the country as hog cholera— swine fever. With cholera, the symptoms are vomiting and purging, and often attacked by severe cramps, as with colic, run backwards, or turn in a circle and fall over in convulsions. Those thus attacked generally refuse to eat, but frequently the appetite remains good until death, which occurs within a shorter period of time than any other disease. At death, if not before, they turn red and purple all along the 26 underside of the body and at death, bloat more than with any other disease. If the nose, (snout) turns very blue, at any stage of the disease, or they bleed at the nose or ears, it is safe to say cholera, and it requires prompt treatment to save them for they then die quickly. Treatment—Use the medicine as made from Recipe No. 1, using the amount of each drug as given. . Then add to this the drugs Nos. 7 and 8 of Recipe 2. Mix well, then use a good pint of this medicine in eight (8) gallons of good laxative swill, use oil meal, ground oats or bran in the swill. Add to this the liquids as advised, Nos. 9 and 10, Recipe 2. Stir the swill well to dissolve the drugs; then feed the hogs at least twice a day for 2 or 3 days. As soon as they show recovery (getting better) then use the medicine No. 1 with 8 and 10; feed twice a day for a few days. This as a rule is suffi- tient, but there are sometimes, some hogs that will have to be kept under treatment longer, as they recover more slowly. Therefore, be patient. One or two quarts of the food is enough as to size of hog. Feed until you see it has taken effect. This you can tell, as their passages will be free and regular. Then use less remedy and more feed for a week or more, as they improve. Feed but lit- tle old corn or wheat, unless it is soaked in the swill, soft food is best, have plenty of troughs and keep them clean (to wash out the troughs with carbolic acid, a tablespoonful of the crude acid to one gallon of water is good), separate 27 the sick from the well and put the well ones by themselves in a clean lot, and the weak or smail ones from the large, so they can drink when you feed them, as your success will depend very much on how carefully they are cared for; anc it’s the well coming in contact with the pas- sages of the sick, that causes the disease to spread. Therefore it is best to treat them in an open lot, in mild weather, an orchard or wood lot, than in a pen. In warm weather give them shade and keep them away from water, unless they drink the swill when fed. As a rule a dry lot, without grass or water, is the best place for them. In cold weather bed well with corn fodder or clean straw, kept dry; old straw stacks, manure heaps and dusty barns must be avoided; when kept in pens, keep the pens clean and use lime on the floor freely; it is also very beneficial to use the carbolic acid water, to sprinkle the hogs iwth once a day for 2 or 38 days, especially the sick. If they show vermin, (lice) grease them freely with erude petroleum (common black) oil. This will rid them of the pests and is healing and beneficial in every way. Note—Nos. 9 and 10 are the best agents known to Cure or Prevent inflammation of the bowels or intestines with stock, and should be used in cases of sickness as herein advised: Hemorrhage—When the discharges of hogs are bloody, or they. bleed at the nose or ears, use No. 10. Dose: One-fourth teaspoonful or less as to size of hogs, or 2 tablespoonfuls in 6 gallons of slop. How to Make a Barrel of Slop for Sick Hogs 28 —For 45 or 50 gallons of slop (swill) take 2 bushels of bran, mill feed, or ground grain (ex- cept corn). Then add the amount of all the drugs as given in the recipe from 1 to 8. Then add one-half gallon of Oil, No. 9, and one-fourth to one-third pint of No. 10; then fill the barrel with water and sweet milk. Stir well so as to dissolve the medicine, and mix thoroughly. Al- ways stir well when using, and add no more liquid until about used up. This is the better plan to fix the food when feeding many hogs, and will feed 100 head of average sized hogs a day. Feed twice or three times a day. ‘Or will feed 100 head of large hogs once. When hogs refuse to drink the slop, sprinkle some food over it in the trough to entice them to eat, and keep them away from water so they will get thirsty and cause them to drink. How to Drench—If the hog won’t drink the | swill, take a tablespoonful—or less, as to size of hog—of the remedy, dissolve it in oil or water, and give it as a drench. To do this, catch the hog and put a small rope around its upper jaw, take a small soft shoe, cut the toe off, put this in its mouth, then pour the medi- cine in the shoe and wash it down. In this way you won’t injure it when it squeals. Or you can drench with a strong bottle it you press the tongue down with a stick. Do not run them or be rough, or give the medicine when squealing, or you will kill them; repeat the dose twice a day until they drink, then use the swill as for sick hogs. For Sick Pigs—That are old enough to drink, should be treated in this way: Take a galion 29 or more of the medicated swill prepared for hogs, then use the same amount of milk or good house slops, and is better made hot in cold weather, then mix the two, which is strong enough for pigs; or prepare swill for them and use only one-half as much remedy as for large hogs. Dose of medicine, a teaspoonful or less, as to size of pig. For Any Diseased Hogs—This information as given can be applied to any herd of diseased hogs, except as to the Medicine. Except for Cholera hogs—lI never use the drug No. 7, Re- cipe 2, and No. 8 only for 3 days, unless they are badly afflicted, but always use Nos. 9 and 10 and especially 10 with all diseased hogs. Even for coughing or wormy hogs it is bene- ficial when used with the medicine No. 1. When Medicines Fail—When sanitary means are neglected, any medical treatment will fail. When hogs are allowed to pile up in rotten straw or bed in manure, either in or out of the stable, it is not worth while to give them any medicine; and disenfectants are of no avail That cause must be removed. SWINE FEVER, SYMPTOMS Lameness, sluggishness, loss of appetite, with disposition to keep their bed, being Cold, Chilly or Feverish and as the disease increases, swollen ears and nose. Often Sloughing sores of the feet, nose, ears and body occur, showing Gangrene form, the same as with Cholera in the malignant (worst) form. Therefore, at times is difficult to determine, for the hog, with 30 either disease, when it is in the malignant form, may show Similar, or the same Symp- toms, but not in the first stage or when at- tacked. But is just as difficult to treat as Chol- era, and generally takes longer, as the disease is like Typhoid Fever, with the Human family, Lingering and Treacherous; therefore, prompt treatment is necessary at the first appearance of the disease, and as it is very contagious, those showing sickness should be at once put by themselves. As a rule it is best to move the well ones to clean quarters and leave the sick in the affected place. Then all should be put under treatment for others not showing any signs of the disease may show it in a few days and it is not near as hard to check it then as it is after it has attacked the whole herd. Treatment—The same as Cholera, except I never use drug No. 7, Recipe 2 and No. 8 only for the first few feeds. Then the medicine No. 1 and 9 and 10 with it. Pneumonia Symptoms, the same as Swine Fever in its first stage, except it is accompanied by severe coughing and difficult breathing. As a rule this is quickly cured if taken in time. Treatment— The same as Swine Fever, or use medicine No. 1 and 9 and 10 with it. Prompt action is very necessary, as this disease kills five hogs of the country to where Cholera kills one and espec- ially in the late fall and winter. Warm quar- ters for the hogs with good bedding is very nec- essary in bad weather. With those that have 31 difficulty of breathing, bathe their throats and chest well with coal oil and turpentine; use two parts oil and one of turpentine. Sloughing Sores—Gangrene Sores of the feet, ears or body often occur with badly diseased hogs. To cure this use any good turpentine liniment, or use turpen- tine one-half pint, spirits of camphor one ounce and carbolic acid one-fourth ounce. Shake well and bathe the sores once or twice a day; heals quickly. Indications or Symptoms of Disease A few of the symptoms indicating the pres- ence of disease, which may develop into a fatal form unless removed, are as follows: Cough- ing, Costiveness, Leanness, Unthriftiness, Hair Rough and inclined to keep their beds are symp- toms of worms or cold if nothing more. A few feeds of soft laxative food, bran or oats, with the remedy as made from Recipe No. 1 and No. 10, Recipe 2, will cure these cases, and save a great amount of food and anxiety. It is not the amount of food a hog eats that pays, it is what it turns into flesh. For severe cases of worms, see Recipe No. 4 for special drug to use, which I have had to use at times with bad or stubborn cases or when I wished quick results. Dose for a hog of 100 pounds or more, from 2 to’ 4 grains. Pigs; 14 to d-grain as ‘to size. Or in its place (the drug advised) add 1 pound of powdered Worm Seed to Recipe No. 1, or 10 quarts of the mixed medicine, then use the same, one pint to 8 gallons of swill. ae: Pigs with Scours—Often young pigs take the scours when sucking. In cases of this kind give the sow a dose or two of the remedy, and the pigs will get the effects through the milk. If they will eat or drink, take sweet milk and boil it, then mix mill feed and the remedy in it, and feed. This effects a cure quickly. Save the Pig crop, for the Hog crop depends upon this. No Pigs, no Hogs. Therefore take care of the Sows and Pigs. Use medicine made of Recipe No. 1. For Thumps—Give the remedy twice a day. as directed for the sick, Medicine No. 1 and No. 10, Recipe 2, and apply turpentine or turpen- tine and coal oil over the heart and chest. For Kidney Disease, treat the same, except to apply liniment over the kidneys. For Sore Throat or a bad Cough, treatment as above (or give a dose dry) and bathe the throat. Milk Fever often occurs with Sows. Symp- toms, sow keeps her bed, refuses to eat, loses flesh, and gives no milk. Treatment, use the usual dose of Medicine No. 1, and other as ad- vised in Recipe No. 3. CHAPTER IV Recipes, Explanation and Directions Recipe No. 1. The medicine as made from this Recipe is for general use as a Preventative of Disease and Worms and even in mild cases of sickness as prescribed will be found reliable _and also will cause hogs to thrive much faster than when not used; therefore, should be made and used as advised once or twice a week at all 33 times. pereteetze hte? 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