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HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Desc

LIBRARY
OF THE

Museum of Comparative Zoology

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JOINT BULLETIN No. 2

——— ee

Vermont Botanical and |

Bird Clubs

APRIL, 1916

Published Annually by the Clubs

OPTRA lt

et NE
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EM STOME REC PNM ERTL SE ee Pier eT Gy oe CoN

56,630.

JOINT BULLETIN No. 2

_ Vermont Botanical and

“ «Bird Clubs

APRIL, 1916

Published Annually by the Clubs

BURLINGTON, VT.:
FREE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY,
1916.

MUS. COMP. Z00L
LIBRARY

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY

OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES

PRESIDENT, Ezra Brainerd, Middlebury.

VICE-PRESIDENT, Harry F. Perkins, Burlington.

SECRETARY, George P. Burns, Burlington.

TREASURER, Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, Burlington.

EDITORS, George L. Kirk, Rutland, botanical department; A. E.
Lambert, Middlebury, bird department.

LIBRARIAN, Miss Phoebe M. Towle, Burlington,

COMMITTEE ON 1916 SUMMER MEETING,

Dana S. Carpenter, Middletown Springs.
Elroy Kent, East Wallingford.
Rev. and Mrs. G. W. French, Middletown Springs.

COMMITTEE ON 1917 WINTER MEETING.
Harry F. Perkins, chairman.

; Arn 16 1921

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS
Joint Bulletin No. 2 April, 1916
Published Annually by the Clubs

One copy of this bulletin is sent to each member. Extra copies
of bulletins 1 to 8 of the Vermont Bird Club and 1 to 9 of the Vermont
Botanical Club and Joint Bulletin No. 1 may be obtained of the librarian
at Burlington at 10 cents each, postpaid, to club members and 25 cents
to outsiders.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i ee ee eee 4
NE Sass ris d's 6 bo 0 on os oe eee ee ew Oe 4
Se tn | een eR Ge ae RLS ns YS ee ane
ee oe ener eotane OF DDG. nk. o nc ids dan omnes ocacle x gee 7
Additions and Corrections to New Vermont Flora, W. W. Eggleston... 9
Additions to Vermont Hepatic List, Annie Lorenz ................. 3
Uncommon Birds Found in the Vicinity of Rutland, Duane E. Kent. .14
Notes on Plants of the West River Valley, Leston A. Wheeler..../...17
Life History of a Young Chipping Sparrow, Mrs. A. B. Morgan...... 17
One Afternoon’s Botanizing, Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn.................. 19
Report of Course in Bird Study at U. V. M. Summer School, Harry

PY bere: th... 5. Perse es oo Ue ees 6 ote ss bei as wed 8 20
Botanizine in’ Si. Johnepyry: Inez. AsO Wes ia. o.e bxias nian i ag eiinis) dares Z1
Notes on the Song Sparrow, Mrs. A. B. Morgan................008: 22
fue, eaeie tomed Lark, Georce Ty WRIri oon ays ove nein nis vine oe pe. 25
Te tatae iiirintiess Tree, Adelaine Ti Denton 2... a. S00 sicin ou cess 25
CG ee OP Bie a's <a gee page gh En ee RIE Steg stg, UR Saag tn 26
Whe Geamimiate ma Vermont. Georpe Li‘ KAr oi oo eee we means ee 28
oo ng eR Se SA he RR I ork ie IE art Wang Rint yeild gi 34

Dee tees HOC VOLE seo sy ae oo. 2. Seu RED at) eee a 35

4 JOINT BULLETIN 2

EDITORIAL

The joint bulletin of the Bird and Botanical Clubs appears this
year for the first time under the direction of two editors, one rep-
resenting each department. As two heads are always better than one
the new arrangement should result in a larger and more beneficial pub-
lication. But the editors must have the cooperation of the members in
making this improvement. For some inexplainable reason there has
been a dearth of botanical material the last two years. This should
not occur again. Every member can at least contribute some short
note.

The article on the mammals of Vermont printed elsewhere in
this bulletin does not properly belong to a publication on botany and
birds. The subject is one which has long been neglected and as the
manuscript was ready for the printer and there was no other means
of getting it into print the article was included in this bulletin after
consultation with the officers of the joint club.

REPORT OF SECRETARY

George P. Burns.

The 21st annual winter meeting of the Vermont Botanical Club
and the 15th annual winter meeting of the Vermont Bird Club were
held at the Bardwell hotel, Rutland, January 21 and 22. The meeting
was called to order by President Ezra Brainerd with a good num-
ber of members present. The chief business of the morning session
was the adoption of the report of the committee on amalgamation ap-
pointed at the last winter meeting. The committee report was made
by the chairman and was as follows:

“Whereas, it is the prevalent opinion of the members of the Ver-
mont Botanical club and of the Vermont Bird club, that their mutual
advantage calls for joint action in arranging for the annual meetings
and the publication of the bulletin; therefore,

Resolved, (1) That hereafter, until either club orders otherwise,
the two clubs in joint session at the winter meeting shall elect a com-
mon board of officers, consisting of a president, vice-president, secre-
tary, treasurer, librarian, and two editors for the annual bulletin,
one from each club.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BirRpD CLUB 5

(2) That for membership in each or either of the associated
clubs the initiation fee shall be 50 cents as heretofore, and the annual
dues thereafter 50 cents.

(3) That the ordinary expenses for the two annual meetings
and for the publication of the joint annual bulletin shall be paid out
of the joint funds collected from the members of the two clubs for
initiation fees and annual dues.”

The following officers were elected: President, Dr. Ezra Brainerd;
vice-president, H. F. Perkins; secretary, George P. Burns: treasurer,
Nellie F. Flynn; librarian, Phoebe Towle; editors, George L. Kirk and
A. E. Lambert.

The clubs voted to hold the summer meeting at Wallingford and
the president appointed Mr. Carpenter, chairman of the committee.

The clubs voted to hold the next winter meeting at Burlington and
Prof. H. F. Perkins was made chairman of the committee on winter
meeting.

The report of the treasurer was read and adopted.

The clubs passed the following resolution:

“Resolved, That the Vermont. Botanical club and the Vermont
Bird club hereby express their appreciation of the efforts of the local
members of the two clubs for their efforts which made it possible to
have a very successful meeting.”

The meeting adjourned in time to allow the members to catch
the morning trains north and every one left feeling that he had had
a most profitable time.

The following new members were admitted:

Botanical section: Mrs. I. R. Doane, Springfield, Vt.; E. F. Geb-
hardt, 404 College street, Burlington, Vt.; Mr. E. L. Rand, 272 South
Winooski avenue, Burlington, Vt.; Mrs. E. L. Rand, 272 South Winooski
avenue, Burlington, Vt.; Mr. O. S. Presbrey, 109 Summit street, Bur-
lington, Vt.; Mrs. O. S. Presbrey, 109 Summit street, Burlington, Vt.;
Miss Mary E. Coventry, 109 Summit street, Burlington, Vt.; Mrs. Harry
L. Winter, South Willard street, Burlington, Vt.; Miss Grace Palmer,
South Willard street, Burlington, Vt.; Miss Mabel E. Steete, 36 Port-
land street, St. Johnsbury, Vt.; J. H. Macomber, 400 South Winooski
avenue, Burlington, Vt.; Mrs. J. H. Macomber, 400 South Winooski
avenue, Burlington, Vt.; Richard Marble, Woodstock, Vt.; L. H. Flint,
University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.; Miss Margaret H. Ross, 18
South Main street, Rutland, Vt.; Miss Ada Porter Crain, Springfield,

6 JOINT BULLETIN 2

Vt.; Mrs. Fannie W. Raymenton, Cavendish, Vt.; Raymond D. Flana-
gan, Cuttingsville, Vt.; Miss Belle Robinson, Williamstown, Vt.

Bird section: R. C. Spaulding, 182 South Main street, Rutland, Vt.;
Mrs. R. C. Spaulding, 182 South Main street, Rutland, Vt.; Mrs. E. F.
Gebhardt, 404 College street, Burlington, Vt.; Miss Ruth Bruce, Will-
iamstown, Vt.; Mrs. Walter B.- Simons, Williamstown, Vt; Richard
Marble, Woodstock, Vt.; Mrs. Allen M. Fletcher, Miss Fannie Fletcher,
Proctorsville, Vt.; Harry C. Ridlon, Springfield, Vt.; Miss Ada Porter
Crain, Springfield, Vt.

TREASURER’S REPORT

FOR VERMONT BOTANICAL CLUB
Nellie F. Flynn.

RECEIPTS.
Cath onwhand, Jan.- 28,1930. 3). «cv 2gemgectuns = pay Gale eee $ 30.46
Annual dues from.members ©. on. . 552 sue bene) sens cee ae eee 93.90
CID DAR. . a.a« 5 xis bees tem baie Gis kee « eee ee ae ee ee .65
Total TeCRIDES ... ci s-<:n eee Janes oes bos aa eagle exon $125.01

Half bill printing ..bulletint 4:66 b5:. acuwe ovinieetue « eities eet betes bh e- $ 32.76
Postswet ok 66 sk ss de Bassi tse. wales elke Aon ee hts. peeene tanks 18.06
Printifie jwoctams, notices, Gc. ...6. «cikaaietiad « chads copatiat: 26 7.53
Printing’ reesipts antl cards ..'...'< «its +d seatuabieses Lees 4 3.18
Dees? to:Wi: (1B. BR of NAH. Soisiiwen. «Biwinic oh cts ee ecient 3.00
Half stenographer’s and typewriting bills .................... 1.63
Stationery: }s. < .k .xiiend (and dawrda i deges ei Ok Deets s «eae 1.75
Librarian, subseription: t0/Rhodoera’-.ac. . ep wins Heaieiede chien .« 107 1.50
Half bill running lantern, winter meeting, 1915 ................ 1.00
Total ex poem 1CweEs.: iis fa 6icisrc:dd. glad «Bees tok ves ess $ 70.41
Cash ion Hand, :Jan. .19 54916)... .4 tes Sine ei Eo 5 So pide ened 54.60
$125.01

Life membership fund in Chittenden Co. Trust Co. ............ $140.00

Acerued interest OM. BRIMC . . ...\0:c cReeen seis vee wees Cb ences s 5.64

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Birp CLUB 7

VERMONT BIRD CLUB

RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand, Feb. 1, 1915 ...... Se. 2 ie $ 50.01
Annual dues for members .................-. cE epey ies SS 55.60
A POCCMMES isaac ts ss eee pe @estrco heater nea eee $105.61
EXPENDITURES.

Perens TAtteiee SOIL -DONIOEIN 322 oc cpa doce se ose ne kanes tn es $ 32.76
Expense of lecturer, winter meeting, 1915 .................00.. 16.50
Nee ee i Ais BO oi cia aig CEE ee ole) ws ® ove aah eee 15.66
(LO a ee eS ee ee ee ee eee ee 10.94
es SEtEy SARE, OOO, SS neo avn cam ha wi oe nd dwn 3 oa 5.00
ee a er Mie EN Se | saa she e's cx een Chin eS A Be Sie ae i 3.00
US ge a er ee een Cras eae re 2.80
Peer, GUCS CATNS ANG COM CAFTICES) . ous ccna ctcncececncniess 1.82
fon)" IS gsi set rangers Sapp eaters re pie; Mae 1.74
Half stenographer’s and typewriting bills ................. 1.63
Half bill for running lantern, winter meeting, 1915 ............ 1.00
0 OE Oe reer eet ere a ee $ 92.85
eee ee ae 1S TOI so. asin be 0c ge tec Bede are Sal aia ee ate Pine ae 12.76
$105.61

Life membership fund in Chittenden Co. Trust Co. ............ $ 30.00
EU SERENE) TARGN eg a a ohg cn OS eats We ae calcd A wins oo 3 oe mle 3.49

THE SUMMER MEETING OF 1915
Nellie F. Flynn.

The annual field meeting of the clubs was held at St. Johnsbury,
July 6-10, the Fairbanks museum threw open its doors to us and we
met each evening to take care of the day’s collecting, to talk over
the day’s doings and make plans for the next day.

The forenoon of Tuesday, the 6th, was spent in Danville. On the
way a fine station for the ragged robin, Lychnis Flos-cuculi was
seen and some specimens taken. The small toadflax, Linaria minor,
was growing along the railroad track at Danville station. Two

8 JOINT BULLETIN 2

wooded swamps were visited here. One had nothing of particular
interest, but the other had a goodly number of that rare orchid, Calypso
borealis. It was unfortunately past its blooming period but there were
quantities of the twayblade, Listera convallarioides and the rein orchis,
Habenaria obtusata just in their prime. The showy and yellow lady
slippers, Cypripedium hirsutum and C. parviflorum var. pubescens
grew here, too, as well as other interesting swamp plants.

On the way back to St. Johnsbury two other wooded swamps were
visited. There were. quantities of Habenaria obtusata here also but no
Listera. The one-flowered pyrola, Moneses uniflora, took its place and
was abundant in the moss, while the twin-flower, Linnaea borealis var.
americana was rioting over everything on the ground.

In the afternoon some rich woods were explored and among other
things Goldie’s fern, Aspidium Goldianum, the narrow-leaved spleen-
wort, Asplenium angustifolium, and the club moss, Lycopodium lucidu-
lum var. porophilum were found.

Wednesday was spent at Barton at the junction of the Connecticut
and Passumpsic rivers. The false asphodel, Tofieldia glutinosa, and the
rein orchis, Habenaria flava, were growing on the wet banks of the
Connecticut, the pearlwort, Sagina procumbens, and the blunt-leaved
sandwort, Arenaria lateriflora, in a ravine- leading down tod the river,
and on the higher ground back of the river was the bearberry, Arc-
tostaphylos Uva-ursi, and other interesting plants. In a pool on top of
the rocks 10 or 12 feet above the surface of the water, right at the
junction of the two rivers, was the horned pondweed, Zannichellia palus-
tris var. pedunculata.

Thursday was too stormy for any botanizing, but a number braved
the elements and tramped to Miss Howe’s farm and had a good supper
and a jolly time.

After Thursday’s storm it was too wet to climb Lunenburgh Moun-
tain Friday so we looked over some swampy woods and walked to the
village. The adder’s mouth, Microstylis unifolia, and the adder’s tongue
fern, Ophiglossum vulgatum were collected.

Side trips were made to Lake Willoughby, Lyndonville, etc., by
some of the party, and Friday evening Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Brooks en-
tertained us at their beautiful home.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Brirp CLUB 9

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE NEW

VERMONT FLORA
W. W. Eggleston.

Because of the great amount of field work which has been done
since the manuscript for the new Vermont Flora was prepared, and the
changes in nomenclature and errors and omissions which resulted be-
cause of the hurried manner in which it was necessary to handle the
final copy and the proofs, it is thought advisable to publish a list of
additions and corrections to the Flora. The following covers the ground

briefly:
Page 156.

Page 159.

Page 160.
Page 160.
Page 164.

Page 165.

Page 166.

Page 167.
Page 168.

Page 172.

Page 173.
Page 175.

Aspidium cristatum X marginale add, Our most common
hybrid fern, (Kirk).

Botrychium obliquum var. oneidense add, Ira, (Carpenter).
Equisetum pratense add, Brandon, (Winslow); Roches-
ter, (Dutton).

Lycopodium sabinaefolium add, Montpelier, (C. H. Knowl-
ton, W. H. Blanchard).

Lycopodium lucidulum var. porophilum add, St. Johnsbury.

Potamogeton Vaseyi add, Coggman Pond, West Haven,
(Ross); Rutland, (Kirk). Sagittaria heterophylla add,

of western Vermont.

Agropyron caninum change to, Moist ledges, Burlington,
(Jones). Agropyron Novae-Angliae Scribner in Flora
of Vermont 9, 103, 1900. Cliffs of Lake Willoughby and
Smugglers’ Notch. A. tenerum omit, (A. Novae-Angliae)
Willoughby Mt., Smugglers’ Notch. Add, (A. caninoides
Beal). Dry warm rocky wood-lands and ledges.

Bromus altissimus add, Otter Creek, Rutland; Poultney
River, (Kirk). Bromus incanus add, Otter Creek, Rut-
land; Poultney River; Lake Champlain, Ferrisburg,
(Kirk).

Cinna latifolia add, of western Vermont.

Echinochloa muricata* (Michx.) Fernald. Manchester,
Aug. 22, 1903. (22 W. H. Blanchard). Festuca rubra var.
subvillosa add, 40

Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. Canadian Pacific
Railroad yards, Newport, July 26, 1904. (A. A. Eaton).

Carex canescens add, Mt. Mansfield, (Churchill).

Carex festucacea var. brevior add, South Burlington, (C. H.
Knowlton). Carex laxiculmis var. copulata add, of west-
ern Vermont.

10

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Page

176.
174,

179.

182.

183.
184.

186.

190.

191.

192.

194.

195.

JOINT BULLETIN 2

Carex laxiflora var. latifolia add, of western Vermont.

Carex retrorsa var. Robinsonii Fernald. Brookside, Will-
iamstown Gulf, (C. H. Knowlton). Carex rosea var.
minor add, Burlington, (Knowlton).

Carex varia var. colorata Bailey. Dry, open woods, Brandon
and Burlington, (C. H. Knowlton). Change Fimbristy-
lis autumnalis to F. Frankti Steud.

Scirpus atrovirens add, Swanton, Wells River, very abun-
dant at Alburg, (Knowlton). Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl.
Pasture bog, Townshend, (Wheeler). Scirpus sylvaticus
add, Common, West Haven, Fairhaven, (Ross and Kirk).
Scirpus sylvaticus var. Bissellii Fernald. With the
species, Townshend, (Wheeler).

Peltandra virginica add, Cranberry swamp, Pownal, (Grace

‘ G. Niles). Lemna minor add, of the lower altitudes.
Spirodela polyrhiza add, of the lower altitudes.

Tradescantia virginiana L. Escape, Townshend, (Wheeler).

Juncus marginatus add, Ball Mt., Jamaica, (Dobbin); V. S.
Reservation, Townshend, (Wheeler). Juncus militaris
Bigel. In several feet of water, Sunset Lake, Marlboro,
(Wheeler).

Aplectrum hyemale change to, Rich woods in low altitudes of
western Vermont, local and rare. St. Johnsbury, (Inez —
A. Howe).

Salix alba var. caerulea* change to, Eunice D. Smith.
Salix lucida var. angustifolia add, Swamp, Newport,
(Knowlton).

Alnus crispa var. mollis add, Occasional along West River
to Jamaica, (Wheeler).

Alnus rugosa add, Rare in lower Connecticut Valley. Cas-
tanea dentata add, Up West River to Townshend, small
grove two miles above village. A couple of trees near
West Jamaica, (Wheeler).

Humulus Lupulus L. add*. Humulus americana Nuttall Proc.
Acad. Sci. Philadelphia 181. (1848). The native plant is
known to occur in northern Maine, northern Vermont
and across our northern borders into the western
mountains. Parietaria pennsylvanica change Jamaica
to Townshend.

Polygonum arifolium add, Townshend, (Wheeler).

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Page

197.
198.

199.

200.

203.

204.

205.
206.
207.

213.

214.

217.
‘221.
222."

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Birp CLUB It

Atriplex patula L. Alburg, abundant, (C. H. Knowlton).

Arenaria macrophylla add Steep wooded slope, East Dover,
June, 1905, (Miss S. J. Ballard). West River, (Wheeler).
Birdseye Mt., Castleton, (Carpenter).

Dianthus Armeria add, Well established in Retreat Park,
Brattleboro, (Wheeler). Dianthus barbatus add, Mid-
dletown Springs, (Carpenter). Roadside escape, New-
fane, (Wheeler). Dianthus plumarius add, Cemetery
escape, Jamaica, (Wheeler).

Silene Armeria add, Ira, (Carpenter); Stratton, (Wheeler).
Stellaria borealis var. isophylla Fernald Rhod. 16: 144-
151. Barton, Wells River, (Knowlton).

Ranunculus repens the double-flowered form add, Jamaica,
(Wheeler). Thalictrum polygamum var. hebecarpum
Fernald. Montgomery Notch, (Underwood and Carpen-
ter). Menispermum canadense, add W. H. before
Blanchard.

Benzoin aestivale add, Brattleboro, (Wheeler). Sassafras
varvifolium var. albidum. (Nutt.) Fernald. See Rhodora
15:16. For Sassafras variifolium.

B. stricta Andrz. change to Barbarea vulgaris var. longisil-
iquosa Carion.

Dentaria maxima add, Montpelier, (C. H. Knowlton).
Draba arabisans add, Birdseye Mt., Castleton, (Ross).

Hesperis matronalis add, Townshend, (Wheeler). Lepidium
campestre add, Newfane, (Wheeler).

Fragaria virginiana var. terraenovae (Rydb.) Fernald &
Wiegand. Meadow, Middlebury, June 29, 1902,
(Brainerd). Potentilla Anserina var. sericea add, Will-
iamstown Gulf, (C. H. Knowlton).

Potentilla intermedia L. Railroad yard, Rutland, (Kirk).
Potentilla pumila Poir. Putney Mt., Brookline, (Wheel-
er). Potentilla recta add, West Haven, (Underwood &
Carpenter).

Sanguisorba minor add,*.

Polygala verticillata omit, Townshend, (Wheeler).

Euphorbia hirsuta first name change to, HE. glyptosperma
Engelm. (Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small.
Euphorbia Peplus, change (Blanchard) to (W. H.
Blanchard).

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Page
Page

Page
Page

236.

240.

241.

243.

245.
246.

248.
249.

JOINT BULLETIN 2

Viola lanceolata change, Townshend to Jamaica.

Lythrum Salicaria, change (Jesup, Sargent) to (Jesup and
Sargent). add, Middletown Springs, (Carpenter).

Myriophyllum spicatum add, of the Champlain Valley.

Kalmia latifolia add, Follows Baker Brook to near Williams-
ville Village and scattering shrubs have been found on
South Hill in Jamaica, (Wheeler).

Lysimachia producta add, Townshend, (Wheeler).

Steironema lanceolatum. add, Ferrisburg, (Kirk).

Nymphoides lacunosum add, Lake St. Catherine, (Carpen-
ter). Apocynum cannabinum var. hypercifolium (Ait.)
Gray. Banks of the Connecticut River, East Barnet,
(Underwood & Carpenter). Hartland, Underwood.

Ipomea purpurea, add,*. Phlox subulata, add, Middletown,
(Carpenter).

Lappula deflera (Wahlenb) Garcke. Roadside, Derby, (J.
R. Churchill). Myosotis arvensis add, Brattleboro,
(Wheeler). Myosotis lava add, Fairhaven, (Underwood
& Carpenter). Myosotis scorpioides, add, *. Symphytum
asperrimum add, Townshend, (Wheeler).

Mentha gentilis add, Middletown, (Carpenter). Prunella
vulgaris var. lanceolata (Barton) Fernald. Manchester
(Mary A. Day). Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata forma
iodocalyx Fernald. Sandy barrens, Westminster, (B. L.
Robinson). ~

Pycnanthemum muticum add Clarendon, (Kirk). Teucrium
occidentale add, Otter Creek and Poultney River, (Kirk).
Gardiners Island, (Kirk & Ross).

Gerardia flava change, Townshend to Brattleboro. Jlysanthes
dubia change to, Wet shores and ditches of the lower
altitudes. North in the Connecticut Valley to Barnet.

Utricularia resupinata change, Townshend to Jamaica.

Galium lanceolatuwm. First name change to. G. circaezans
Michx. Rich woods of the lower altitudes; common.
Norwich, (Eggleston). Galiwm Mollugo add, Newport,
(C. H. Knowlton).

Valeriana officinalis add, Stratton, (Wheeler). —

Specularia perfoliata add, Townshend, (Wheeler), Achillea
Ptarmica add,*. Ambrosia trifida var. integrifolia add,
Middletown, (Carpenter).

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Birp CLUB 18

Page 250. Artemisia annua L. Middletown Springs, (Carpenter).

Page 251. Aster macrophyllus var. ianthinus (Burgess) Fernald.
Wells River, (C. H. Knowlton).

Page 252. Centaurea consimilis Bor. Manchester, (Mrs. Emily H.
Terry).

Page 253. Chrysanthemum Parthenium (L.) Bernh. Townshend,
(Wheeler).

Page 254. Galinsoga parvifiora Cav. Burlington, (C. H. Knowlton).

Page 255. Hieracium floribundum change, Brattleboro to Townshend.
Krigia virginica add, Tinmouth, (Carpenter).

Page 256. Prenanthes alba change, West River to _ Brattleboro.
Prenanthes altissima var. hispidula add, West Dummer-
ston. (Wheeler).

Page 257. Senecio obovatus add, Ledges in woods, Brandon, (Knowl-
ton). Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens Proctor,
(Eggleston), (Gray Herbarium). Solidago Cutleri. The
specimens from Mt. Horrid, (Dutton) and Lunenburg,
(Balch) belong in S. Randii.

Page 258. Solidago Randii add, Mt. Horrid, (Dutton); Lunenburg,

(W. E. Balch); rocky shore of West River, Jamaica,

(Wheeler). Solidago rugosa var. villosa (Pursh) Fern-

ald. Summit of highway, Arlington to Grout’s Mills

(2,740 ft.), Stratton, 2043 (Eggleston).

Page 221. Geranium molle L. Persisting in lawn, Rutland, (Kirk).

ADDITIONS TO THE VERMONT HEPATIC LIST
FOR 1915

Annie Loreng,

There are three additions to the Vermont hepatic list for 1915,
bringing the number accredited to the state up to 122. There are also
some changes, both nomenclatorial, and in the way of segregations,
notably in the genus Madotheca. As they do not affect the census, and
as Dr. Evans has not yet published his notes on the subject, they will
not be discussed here.

The first species, Scapania paludicola, Loeske & K. M., has been
reported from several stations, the earliest collection in the writer’s

14 JOINT BULLETIN 2

herbarium is by Mr. Frank Dobbin, at Jamaica, in 1911. It has been
collected also at Franklin, Willoughby and Burke.

The other two, both Lophoziae, were collected at Willoughby dur-
ing the St. Johnsbury meeting. L. heterocolpa (Thed.) Howe was
abundant in the woods south of the cliffs, on earthy banks among the
limestone ledges. This is one of the three members of the limestone-
group of Lophozia at present reported from New England, and Wil-
loughby is the only station where all three are found, the other two,
L. badensis (Gottsche) Schiffn; and L. Kanrini (Limpr.) St., being
fairly abundant.

L. longidens (Lindb.) Macoun grew on the Mt. Hor side of the
lake on a granite boulder in the woods. Both these species ap-
peared at just about the places where the writer expected them. There
are now 15 species reported first from Willoughby, and the end is not
yet.

UNCOMMON BIRDS FOUND IN THE IMMEDIATE
VICINITY OF RUTLAND

Duane E. Kent.

During the last 12 years I have spent the majority of my leisure
time in field work, studying birds and mammals in the immediate vi-
cinity of Rutland. It is very easy to look over a certain territory and
locate the more common of our wild friends, but the surprises, and al-
most unbelievable things happen after we have looked over the terri-
tory, as we think, thoroughly, and then find that we have been over-
looking certain birds that are summer residents, for the simple reason
that we thought they could not be found. This is what I have
noticed in my experience.

Owing to the geographical lay of Rutland close to the mountains,
we have some bird life that is not usually found in a locality situated
in the transition zone, as we are here.

I have some friends interested in bird study, who tell me that they
find more varied bird life here than in any other place they have visited
in New England. The reason for this is that we are situated at the
foot of the Green Mountains, whose altitude rises considerably above
the lower levels of the Canadian zone. Also, we have several fine
sphagnum swamps, and some of the animal, plant and bird life found

‘VERMONT BOPANICAL AND Bird CLUB 15

amid such environments is the same as that in a territory strictly in
the Canadian zone. As we are situated in the valley of Otter Creek, we
have a large list of water birds, both migrants and summer residents.

On April 25, 1915, Mr. G. L. Kirk and I were looking over a patch
of woods, for great horned owls, and we noticed that pine-siskins were
very plentiful. We commenced looking for the nests, and in a short
time we located one in a small hemlock about 15 feet from the
ground. This nest contained four birds, but a few days. old. This is
the only pine-siskin’s nest that has ever been reported in this vicinity.
The eggs must have been laid as early as April 10. About 20 years
ago, when I was at my former home in East Wallingford, about the
middle of April, I located a siskin’s nest containing four fresh eggs.
This was at an altitude of about 1,750 feet.

This last spring (1915), I located three pairs of . red-breasted
nuthatches, one nesting about one and one-half miles from Rutland city.
The nests of the other two I failed to find, but I am positive that one
of them bred, as I saw them in the same patch of woods a number of
times during the spring and early summer, This was the first time that
I had ever seen these birds in the valley near Rutland during the breed-
ing season.

I was also very much surprised to find winter wrens about two
miles from Rutland city. Last spring I found four nests, and one
showed that it had been used, but probably the year previous. None of
the other nests was used, and, as I did not see any of the birds or
hear them singing, I thought that they were not nesting there the
past season. But finding one nest which showed that it had contained
young birds, was conclusive evidence that the winter wren is one of
our summer residents here in the valley.

Black-throated blue and Canadian warblers, hermit thrushes, and’
white-throated sparrows breed each year only a short distance from
Rutland. Great-horned and long-eared owls nest each year in Swampy
woods near; and we have to go back only a few miles to find red-tailed
and goshawks and Bicknell’s and olive-backed thrushes raising young.
The Bicknell probably breeds down to an elevation of 3,000 feet.

Most of the foregoing species are usually. found in locations sit-
uated in a higher elevation and amid considerably different surround-
ings than we have in the Otter creek valley. When I visit some of
my favorite sphagnum bogs and densely wooded hill-sides, located high
up in the Canadian zone, it seems strange that some of the interesting
birds seen there are breeding in small patches of woods near my home.

16 JOINT BULLETIN 2

Several pairs of mourning warblers nest on Pine hill, about two
miles from Rutland. I have spent considerable time trying to locate
their nests, but did not succeed. This is in the locality where I saw
a golden-winged warbler last season. (See notes on golden-winged
warbler in this issue of the bulletin).

Of the rarer water birds, we have kildeer plover, Bartramian sand-
piper, and Virginia rails as breeders. Green herons and American bit-
terns are common along Otter creek.

In the spring of 1914, Mr. G. L. Kirk and I were passing by a
pasture bordering on a swamp, just about dusk, and we were very
much surprised to hear kildeer plovers’ notes. The next day (May 24)
we again visited this place and found the birds with four young. This
year there were two pairs in this same place, and on May 8, I found
one nest with four eggs two-thirds incubated. This is the only time
that I have ever found kildeer nesting in Vermont.

On May 20, 1915, I was looking for red-winged blackbirds’ nests
in a swamp in a pasture. Small hillocks were formed in this swamp
by cattle walking through the mud, and the blackbirds were nesting in
the tall water grass and flags that grew on them. As the cattle paths
were filled with water, only the tops of the hillocks were dry, and on
one of these I found a Virginia rail’s nest containing six fresh eggs.
Later, (May 22) I again visited it, and it contained eight eggs. Each
time that I was at the swamp [I tried to flush the bird, but failed, so
well do they hide in the grass. I heard no call note or note of alarm.
I mention this to show how easy it is to overlook this bird, for, if I
had not found the nest by accident, I never would have known that
the rails were nesting in this swamp.

About a week later Mr. Kirk and Mr. L. F. Brehmer went to
the swamp for the purpose of photographing the nest, and they found
it had been destroyed. After going through the swamp several times,
they at last succeeded in flushing one of the rails, but could not start
it again. Several years ago there was a pair of these shy birds located
in the tall grass surrounding a big water hole in the meadow. There
are probably several pairs nesting near here each season.

We have three to five pairs of Bartramian sandpipers that nest
each season near the city.

If any of the club members have ever found golden-winged warb-
lers or siskins nesting in Vermont, I would appreciate it if they
would advise me.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Brirp CLUB 17

NOTES ON THE PLANTS OF THE WEST RIVER VALLEY
Leston A. Wheeler.

Additional collections for 1914 are: Lycopodium clavatum var.
megastaychyum, Calix humilis, Carex lurida var. gracilis, Sagittaria
latifolia forma hastata.

The following, new to the writer, were collected in 1915: Aster
macrophyllus, Impatiens pallida, Chenopodium album var. viride, Ane-
mone cylindrica, Scirpus sylvaticus var. Bissellii, 8S. polyphyllus, Ame-
lanchier sanguinea, Ambrosia trifida, Delphinium Ajacis, Sedum ter-
natum, Polygonum Careyi, Datura stramonium, Pycnanthemum inca-
num, Desmodium Dillenii, D. rotundifolium, Polygala verticillata var.
ambigua. P. Sanguinea, Lechea villosa, Cyperus esculentus, Phlox
maculata, Potentilla pumila, Juncus militaris.

New stations for Viola lanceolata and V. cucullata x. fimbriatula
were discovered. ;

LIFE HISTORY OF A YOUNG CHIPPING SPARROW
Mrs. A. B. Morgan.

June 21, 1915, a young chipping sparrow brought to me at 2 p. m.
From that time till dusk fed it six times with cracker and milk, 10
small grasshoppers, two flies, three millers. It weighed one-half
ounce, tail is just starting. Cheeps very constantly, if hungry. Can fly
blindly from the top of box to the floor. Seeks to get out of the box
and evidently wants to perch on something, will sit contentedly on my
finger.

June 22.—Wakes up the household at 4.30 by its insistent cries for
food. I give it a generous feed of cracker and milk which silences it
for an hour when the cries begin again. All through that day I feed
it at intervals of half an hour with cracker and milk and small grass-
hoppers. Unless the food is thrust well into its throat it cannot swallow.

June 23.—Woke us even earlier, piping incessantly. Will take
food oftener, and power of flight increases so that it is able to fly out
of a box 10 inches high. Responds to my voice and footsteps, climbs
on my red sweater and sits contentedly on my shoulder. I feed him a
big grasshopper which distresses him and for the rest of that day
refuses to eat any more grasshoppers, but relishes his bread and milk.
Towards night stretches, preens his feathers, and looks around to see

18 JOINT BULLETIN 2

where he is. Shakes his cunning little tail which is growing fast. I
find him asleep with his head under his wing, and as I put a light
near, he wakes up and opens his mouth very wide, taking the food
offered him.

June 24.—Power of flight much stronger, feathers growing rapidly.
Taken out into the garden, bird shows no recognition of objects or de-
sire to get away. Cheeps gladly when I take it in my hand and carry
it back to the house.

June 25.—I notice that the hour of rising is now an hour later
and that it calls for food less often.

June 26.—Shows a growing fondness for attention, fluttering and
squeaking playfully when I ruffle its feathers and talk to it.

June 27.—Two small children come to call and are greatly enter-
tained by carrying the bird about in their hands, he evidently enjoy-
ing it.

June 28.—Flies about at night peering and seeking a higher perch.
Is now almost fully feathered and very fluffy and fat. I am continuing
the same diet of cracker and milk and grasshoppers.

June 29.—I put him in the wash dish with water, and upon dis-
covering what there is to it bird flutters and bathes, until entirely
soaked, looks as if he were drowned, but hops to the edge of the dish
and by preening and fluttering is soon restored to a fluffy state.

June 30.—Try letting him fly out of doors, which dazes him and
makes him hide in the bushes. My voice reassures him so that he
comes to my hand. Always flutters one wing and opens mouth when
hungry. Will keep up an incessant cry when so.

July 1.—Picks up food from the floor for the first time.

July 2.—After a day of absence when he is cared for by some-
one else, he shows extravagant delight upon my giving him his usual
petting.

July 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.—Is taken out each day to the garden where
he learns to get food from the ground, seems fond of ants, also picks
up gravel. Will follow me about cheeping loudly and climb up on my
skirt. When taken in my warm hand and talked to will twitter softly.

July 8.—Flies as far as the grape vine with seeming confidence.
Remains there during the forenoon but calls each time he hears the
door open. Still prefers to have me feed him rather than to pick up
food.

July 9 to 11—Spends part of the time outside but comes readily to
my call. Is brought in each night.

A

VERMONT BOPANICAL AND Birp CLUB 19

July 12.—I feed him and put him out and of a sudden I see him
mount far up in the crabapple tree. I call and he responds, but has no
intention, evidently, of coming to me. I see him several times that day,
but on the next he has joined several others of his kind about the place,
and never more answers my language. I fancy that one bolder and
tamer than the rest may be my pet, but have no way to identify him
from this time.

ONE AFT ERNOON’S BOTANIZING
Nellie F. Flynn.

A hill in Colchester where there is an abandoned quarry once
worked by the Mallett’s Bay Marble Company has for a long time at-
tracted me and I had the feeling that there was something new for me
there.

At last one afternoon last summer my chance came to explore it.
It is a rocky hill composed, I think, of limestone wholly or in part;
just such a place as the lime loving ferns prefer. There were Poly-
podiums of course, as there always is in rocky woods in this section,
but I was greatly surprised at the quantities of the maidenhair spleen-
wort, Asplenium Trichomanes, and the rue spleenwort, Asplenium Ruta-
muraria. I have seen them growing in favored locations before in what
I thought abundance, but nothing like this.

Not so abundant was the purple cliff brake, Pellaea atropurpuread,
but it was very luxuriant, some fronds measuring 15 inches in length.
Only two or three plants of the ebony spleenwort, Asplenium ebeneum,
were seen.

The crowning pleasure of the afternoon was reserved for the last
and that was the finding of 13 plants of pine drops, Pterospora andro-
medea. I had never seen it growing before and was therefore the more
delighted to find so many plants of it. Found three in one place and
a little later, just as we were leaving the woods, I found the other 10.
Think I should have found more if I had had more time.

20 JOINT BULLETIN 2

REPORT ON A COURSE IN BIRD STUDY, UNIVERSITY
OF VERMONT SUMMER SCHOOL, IN 1915
H. F. Perkins.

The course was offered under the joint auspices of the university
and the National Association of Audubon societies. Among the stu-
dents were high school teachers, including two principals. All had
some previous knowledge of birds and were able to identify many
of the more common species. The work was as largely field observa-
tion as possible. A careful record of species positively identified by
two or more members of the class in the field shows 68 names. The
identification of a large number of species was merely preliminary, the
general work of the class being the study of conditions, habits, distri-
bution and nesting. Each member of the class selected a principal
genus upon which most of the work was done.

Excursions were made to a number of points at a distance from
Burlington, including Fort Frederick, Ausable Chasm and Mount Mans-
field.

One species which was unusually abundant during the season of
1915 was the myrtle warbler. This was found in considerable num-
bers at most of the localities visited and was especially noted on the
summit of Mount Mansfield. Among the somewhat unusual opportuni-
ties for study of particular species may be mentioned that of making
repeated observations upon the Maryland yellow throat, cedar waxwing,
scarlet tanager and pine siskin.

A large number of vesper sparrows and of meadow larks, especially
their young just out of the nest, offered an excellent chance for care-
ful observations upon these two interesting forms.

The nests and eggs of nearly a dozen species were observed at
various times by the class.

In addition to the class work the individual students kept records
of their own findings and reported as many as 85 species of birds ob-
served during the six weeks of the course.

Museum specimens of sparrows and warblers to the number of 52
were studied without any labels being present to aid in identifying.
The class became proficient in this work to such an extent that they
were able to identify any one of the 52 at sight.

One of the interesting experiences of the class was a visit to
the Four Brothers Islands where the herring gull nests in the spring
in large numbers. Although the nesting season was over, the empty

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BirRp CLUB 21

N

nests and the remains of food and eggs were examined carefully and
many birds, including various sizes of young, were close enough to
be studied.

BOTANIZING IN ST. JOHNSBURY IN 1915
Inez Addie Howe.

During the past season 574 species of flowering plants, 46 of ferns
and fern allies and 22 of mosses and lichens were shown on the
flower tables at the Fairbanks museum. Only 48 of these were col-
lected beyond our five-mile radius and many interesting additions were
made to the local flora of St. Johnsbury.

Most notable among the additions are the following species: Ribes
trieste var. albinervium, on clayey banks; Hierochloe odorata, growing
plentifully by roadside; Veronica scutellata, grows abundantly in a
swamp at St. Johnsbury Center and on the-shores of Stile’s Pond;
Sanicula trifoliata and Circaea intermedia were found in moist, cool
woods; Lappula echinata sprang up in a newly seeded field.

During the summer meetings of the clubs we found Linaria minor
at Danville and in October I found another station along the railway
at St. Johnsbury. I have a second station for the state for Hieracium
pratense on the golf links above our village. Campanula aparinoides
was found in a swamp near the village, and Huphorbia maculata I
found in several waste places. .

Along one of our country roads I found a large area of Aster eri-
coides growing. This species is so unusual in this vicinity that I sent
specimens to Dr. Brainerd for verification. I shall be glad to furnish
exchange specimens of this species to club members desiring them.

Desmodium nudifiorum was found growing plentifully on the
Passumpsic road two or three miles south of St. Johnsbury. A new sta-
tion for Hpilobium densum was found, and Pycnanthemum fleruosum
was sent to me from St. Johnsbury Center for identification.

My co-worker at the museum and fellow member of the clubs,
Miss Mabel Shields, has also made valuable additions to our town flora
during the past season. Her finds are as follows: Artemisia vulgaris,
on a waste pile; Verbascum blatteria var. albifiorum, in a hill pasture
a little north of town; Juniperus communis var. depressa, in nearly
the same locality; Pycnanthemum virginianum, in sandy soil and Alisma
plantago-aquatica, in wet soil where there was formerly a pond.

22 JOINT BULLETIN 2

Notwithstanding the fact that it is not listed in the new Flora of
Vermont, we feel very sure that we have several stations for Monarda
jistulosa. During August some fine specimens of Monarda didyma were
brought to us from Danville.

Anything like a complete list of the sedges and grasses of St.
Johnsbury has never been made, but we are doing a little more with
them each year. However, our finds along these lines are not yet rare
enough to be of more than local interest.

Among the plants listed as “rare” or “occasional” in the new Flora,
wild thyme has become widely established on a hillside near town and
grass-of-Parnassus is aS common as white daisies in wet grass lands.

Ambrosia trifida is reported from Danville by Mrs. Marion Fair-
banks Adams and Potentilla fruticosa from Sutton by A. R. Curtis.

NOTES ON THE SONG SPARROW
Mrs. A. B. Morgan.

Some of the members of the Hartland Nature Club took up the
study of the song sparrow in 1915, following the outline suggested by
Prof. H. F. Perkins of Burlington. Definite work was assigned to a few
members and a general lookout maintained by all. Data were gleaned
from various standard works on birds and careful observations were
made as to dates of arrival, time when singing was at its height, time
and manner of nest building, length of time young are in nest, treat-
ment of young by parents and time when birds depart in the fall. The
results are here given:

March 28, 1915, first song sparrow of the year, one individual.

March 31, one individual.

April 1, one individual at “The Highlands.”

April 5, song sparrows singing, several individuals.

April 7, song sparrows singing beautifully in the garden at “Sky
Farm.”

From April 7, song sparrows are common. I find them in their
usual haunts at “The Highlands” and recognize them by their indi-
vidual songs. The male comes out to sing on the grape vine often, the
female seems much shyer and is seldom seen.

May 24, the male stops singing, a sure indication that the young
birds are hatched and he is busy in supplying food for them.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Birp CLUB 23

June 7, discover song sparrow, evidently female, bathing near
spring. After this date frequently see her taking her bath about noon.
The male is still silent (discover nest in hedge with five eggs).

June 10, the male returns to perch in grape arbor and sings tri-
umphantly. The young are evidently past the most voracious period
and his cares are lessening.

June 11, am awakened by song of the male at 4 a. m., very beauti-
ful and happy.

June 13, discover young sparrows in grape vine, where I had sus-
pected the nest was.

June 16, see four young sparrows with parent birds who were
feeding them at intervals of from three to five minutes. Young birds
utter peculiar “cheep, cheep,’ asking continually for something to eat.

June 17, parent song sparrows (each) take two little ones about
garden to teach them how to get food. Implicit trust on the part of little
birds, as they follow old birds and do as old ones do. Occasionally
the old birds flew away bringing small moths and other insects which
caused great twitterings and talking. The male, overcome with joy,
would sometimes fly to his perch and burst forth in ecstatic song. The
young birds were very chubby and with shorter tails than those of
the parent birds.

June 18 (and for nearly a week), the lessons or meetings went on,
and during that time the young birds were taken to the pool by the
spring for bathing lessons, or, at least, I find them bathing there with
their parents. Shortly after this I discover the old birds are carrying
building material into grape vine, but on account of its density and the
inaccessible cliff that it covers, I refrain from finding the exact spot
of the nest. :

The same process as above described is repeated, male sings inces-
santly for a short time and then the period of silence.

June 29, I again ’see them rustling about for food and hear the
“chink, chinking” when I go near the grape vine.

July 11, take specimen that is full grown. (Second brood).

Aug. 10, many birds found flocking together near “The Highlands,”
among them many song sparrows.

August 19, get specimen of young song sparrow—length 314 inches,
wing 2% inches, tail 1 inch. Second brood of young song sparrows
feeding in my garden.

September 12, young sparrows learning to sing, very retiring, keep
to the shrubbery, and strange little squeaky notes arise, which I find
positively are the young birds.

24 JOINT BULLETIN 2

October 1, my pet sparrow mounts to his perch and bursts into
song, the last time I hear him this season.
October 21, song sparrow in lane—latest date.

FALL ReEcorps FoR 1914.

September 15, young song sparrows in “The Bottomless Basin” just
able to fly. This is the latest record for young birds that I have. (Prob-
ably third brood).

September 16, song sparrows about the premises become shy, hiding
in the stone and wood piles. Are quiet and attract almost no attention.

September 22, song sparrow running in the garden paths and eating
alyssum and mignonette seeds.

September 23 to 26, saw from 4 to 10 sparrows daily about the
premises and in the lane.

October 10, beautiful, warm day, song sparrow in full song, sur-
passingly sweet.

October 20, my pet sparrow still living in woodpile.

October 24, latest date for the sparrow this year. Often it is seen
late in November.

NESTs.

Description of nest found June 7, 1915: In bush one foot from
ground, made of grass stems, dry leaves, lined with fine grass and a few
fine roots. Depth of nest about 4 inches on outside, 2144 inches on inside.
Five eggs, light bluish green, wreathed with rufous brown, pretty well
spotted all over.

TIME OF Nest BUILDING.

From observations on my garden birds I draw the following gen-
eral conclusions: Nest building about one week, probably varies a day
or two from that. I think the female does the greater share of the
work, as surely the male spends much time singing.

Incubation about two weeks.

Young birds in nest about two weeks, also.

Parents accompanying young about one week.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUB 25

THE PRAIRIE HORNED LARK
George L. Kirk.

Comparison of notes during the winter meeting of the clubs at Rut-
land developed the fact that the prairie horned lark (Otocoris alpes-
tris praticola) probably does not breed about Burlington, and is irreg-
ular as a Summer resident in other parts of the state where the coun-
try is flat. This was a great surprise to the writer as this lark
nests sparingly, but regularly, in the vicinity of Rutland, and
there are records for the eastern and southern parts of the state. Posi-
tive records of the breeding of this bird in Vermont should be sent to
the editor of the bird department of the bulletin, and it will be inter-
esting at some future time to publish a paper on its distribution in
the state.

The bird normally reaches Rutland about February 25, always be-
ing the first migrant to return. It may, occasionally, remain all winter
when there is little snow. Two secured on February 6, 1916 from a
flock which were supposed to be the horned lark (0. alpestris) turned
out to be the sub-species. Certainly the horned lark is not affected
by the cold, as the writer has frequently heard its weak, but inter-
esting song coming from a clot of frozen earth, or fence-post, at the
close of a late February, or early March day, when the thermometer
registered zero.

THE BIRDS’ CHRISTMAS TREE
Adelaide B. Denton.

That our feathared friends might be especially remembered at Christ-
mas time, when all the city was celebrating with gaily decorated trees,
we fashioned a Christmas tree for them out of a bare hydrangea bush
which grew beside the front window. We tied on bits of suet, cran-
berries in rosy strings, chains of sunflower seeds and Brazil nuts. The
nuts seemed to be the favorite, the greatest delicacy of all. Later
we fastened to the tree a wire basket filled with cracked acorns, hickory
huts, bread crumbs and suet.

How quickly the birds found it! The chickadee came first; then
the nuthatch and two downy woodpeckers. The three species are often
seen feeding at the same time.

26 JOINT BULLETIN 2

We have been much interested, too, in watching the nuthatches.
After their appetites were satisfied, they would fly away with big pieces
of suet and nuts in their bills. How deftly they would secrete the food
under the bark of neighboring maples and elms, but, do their best,
the hidden food would show and after a while the trunks looked spotted
as result of the birds’ efforts. Presently a grey squirrel found the stores
and had a fine meal.

BIRD LISTS

The Fairbanks museum at St. Johnsbury has the following bird
migration list for 1915:

Resident species: Brown creeper, chickadee, goldfinch, ruffed
grouse, blue jay, white-breasted nuthatch, red-breasted nuthatch, barred
owl, screech owl, northern shrike, English sparrow, downy woodpecker,
hairy woodpecker, pileated woodpecker.

Snow bunting Jan. 1-Mar. 8; crow, Jan. 7-Oct. 26; white-winged
crossbill, Jan. 21-Mar. 30.

Redpoll, Feb. 3-Feb. 17; pine grosbeak,. Feb. 7 and May 2; pine sis-
kin, Feb. 8-Nov. 2; cedar waxwing, Feb. 10-Oct. 20; horned lark, Feb.
24——____

Purple finch, Mar. 7-Oct. 20; junco, Mar. 8-Nov. 9; saw-whet owl,
Mar. 9 and Mar. 19; bluebird, Mar. 12-Oct. 26; tree sparrow, Mar. 14-
Apr. 16 and Oct. 10-29; robin, Mar. 18-Oct. 26; bronzed grackle, Mar.
28-Oct. 18.

Song sparrow, Apr. 1-Oct. 28; red-shouldered hawk, Apr. 1-Oct. 22;
red-winged blackbird, Apr. 5-Oct. 17; broad-winged hawk, Apr. 8-Nov. 1;
chipping sparrow, Apr. 9-Oct. 31; prairie horned lark, Apr. 9 :
vesper sparrow, Apr. 10-Oct. 15; Savannah sparrow, Apr. 10-Sept. 7;
flicker, Apr. 10-Oct. 28; ruby-crowned kinglet, Apr. 10-21 and Nov. 2;
phoebe, Apr. 10-Sept. 20; sapsucker, Apr. 10-Oct. 8; Canada goose, Apr.
10 and 21, Nov. 6 and Dec. 6; fox sparrow, April 11 and 18, Oct. 18;
cowbird, Apr. 12-Sept. 24; hermit thrush, Apr. 14-Oct. 15; meadow lark,
Apr. 17-July 25; marsh hawk, Apr. 19; golden-crowned kinglet, Apr.
20-25; osprey, April 21; myrtle warbler, Apr. 21-Oct. 26; white-throated
sparrow, Apr. 21-Oct. 26; kingfisher, Apr. 22-Oct. 28; field sparrow, Apr.
22-Aug. 5; great-crested flycatcher, Apr. 25-Aug. 23; grasshopper spar-
row, Apr. 24 ; white-eyed vireo, Apr. 25; ovenbird, Apr. 26-Aug.
31; blue-headed vireo, Apr. 27-Sept. 12; kingbird, Apr. 27-Aug. 23;
bank swallow, Apr. 27-Aug. 5; pine warbler, Apr. 29-Aug. 28.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Brirp CLUB 27

Rose-breasted grosbeak, May 2-Oct. 8; Cooper’s hawk, May 2-Sept.
30; sharp-shinned hawk, May 2-Sept. 5; red-tailed hawk, May 4-Oct.
20; chimney swift, May 6-Aug. 25; black and white warbler, May 7-
Sept. 5; Wilson’s thrush, May 7-Oct. 1; yellow warbler, May 7-Sept.
3; redstart, May 7-Aug. 31; warbling vireo, May 8-Sept. 25; purple mar-
tin, May 9; least flycatcher, May 9-Aug. 1; oriole, May 9-Aug. 30; eave
swallow, May 9-Sept. 3; tree swallow, May 9—— ; barn swallow,
May 9-Sept. 3; yellow-throated vireo, May 9-Sept. 16; blackburnian
warbler, May 9—————_;;, house wren, May 9-Oct. 2; black-throated green
warbler, May 9—————-; black-throated blue warbler, May 9——————;
bay-breasted warbler, May 10; bobolink, May 10-Aug. 16; winter wren,
May 10-Nov. 9; spotted sandpiper, May 10-Sept. 7; chestnut-sided warb-
ler, May 10-Aug. 18; scarlet tanager, May 11-Aug. 31; white-crowned
sparrow, May 12-23 and Oct. 26; wood pewee, May 13-Sept. 20; catbird,
May 13-Aug. 16; Nashville warbler, May 13—————-; Maryland yellow-
throat, May 13-Oct. 6; solitary sandpiper, May 14—————-; American
goshawk, May 17; ruby-throated hummingbird, May 19-Aug. 30; red-
eyed vireo, May 21-Oct. 1; Canadian warbler, May 21-July 30; least sand-
piper, May 21;. magnolia warbler, May 22——; olive-sided flycatcher,
May 23-Sept. 5; Bicknell’s thrush, May 23; red-headed woodpecker, May
23; Wilson’s warbler, May 23; Tennessee warbler, May 23; indigo bunt-
ing, May 23; nighthawk, May 24-Aug. 25; black-billed cuckoo, May 25
; rusty blackbird, May 25 ; parula warbler, May 27 ;
blackpoll warbler, May 27—— ; wood thrush, May 29 and July 8;
Acadian flycatcher, May 29; Bohemian waxwing, May 30-Sept. 29;
swamp sparrow, May 30; alder flycatcher, May 30-July 30.

Chewink, June 2-Sept. 24; sparrow hawk, June 2 —; brown
thrasher, June 3—————-;; upland plover, June 3-Sept. 25; mourning
warbler, June 4—————-; whip-poor-will, June 4—————_;; yellow-billed
cuckoo, June 6—————-; Cape May warbler, June 9; Connecticut warb-

ler, June 10-July 15; American woodcock, June 30

Great blue heron, Aug. 16-Oct. 10; loggerhead shrike, Aug. 20-Oct.
22; black duck, Aug. 28.

American crossbill, Dec. 28.

Total, 130 species.

Miss Inez A. Howe of St. Johnsbury also sends in an individual list
containing 108 species, including a number of the unusual ones recorded
in the museum list. Of great interest is Miss Howe’s observations on
the Connecticut warbler which nested in deep cool woods near St.
Johnsbury, being seen about from June 10 until July 12.

28 JOINT BULLETIN 2

THE MAMMALS OF VERMONT
George L. Kirk.

The four footed wild creatures of Vermont seem to have been
neglected by nature writers. Much good work has been done by the
botanists and the ornithologists but the mammals have been almost
overlooked. And this is strange, taking into consideration the excellent
state and local floras which have been published and the very credit-
able birds lists which have appeared in print to show that the state
has a number of amateur naturalists who are close observers and en-
thusiastic to the last degree. In 1842 the venerable Zadock Thompson
devoted a chapter of his famous Vermont history to mammals and it
was remarkably complete, considering how few and far between scien-
tific men were in that early day and the disadvantages under which
he had to work. There have been many changes in nomenclature since
Thompson’s day and much biological work has been done in New
England so that his list cannot at present be turned to as a catalogue
of the four-footed animals of Vermont.

Dr. G. H. Perkins of Burlington in his “Report of the State Geol-
ogist, 1909-1910,” gives an account of the mammals to be found in the
state cabinet at Montpelier, with interesting notes as to the abundance
or rarity of most of the species, and Dr. Glover M. Allen of Boston in
his “Fauna of New England, No. 3,’ Boston Society of Natural His-
tory occasional papers, makes reference to the species found in Ver-
mont in his general check list of all of the New England states. These
papers, however, are based on such material as had found its way into
museum collections and by no means give an adequate idea of the
fauna of Vermont.

Realizing that there was abundant opportunity for systematic col-
lecting Mr. Duane E. Kent of Rutland and the writer began in 1912
to make a survey of the mammalia of the state. As this has been done
merely as a pastime at leisure moments, in addition to daily duties
which demanded attention 51 weeks in the year, the time devoted to
it has necessarily been limited and the pleasant task is by no means
completed. Taking the mammal lists of adjoining states as a basis for
comparison, nearly all of the species which could be expected in the
Green Mountain state have been secured and it seems proper to publish
the list at this time.

The writer is greatly indebted to Mr. E. W. Nelson of the United
States biological survey and to Dr. Glover M. Allen for identification
of material and to Mr. Kent, Mr. D. L. Dutton of Brandon, Mr. D. R.

VERMONT BoTANICAL AND Birp CLUB V9,

Mahaffy of Proctor, Mr. W. E. Balch of Lunenburg and others for
assistance in collecting specimens.

Cabinet skins or heads of the following are in the state museum
or the private collections of Mr. Kent and the writer with the ex-
ception of one or two cases where the writer has examined hunters’
skins:

Odocoileus virginianus borealis (Miller) G. M. Allen. Northern Vir-
ginia deer. Common in every county, even in agricultural districts.
The deer were nearly exterminated a half century ago and the animals
now found are largely the result of the liberation of two herds near
Rutland about 1878.

Paralces americanus (Clinton) Allen. Moose. This animal on
rare occasions strays into Vermont. There is an official report in the
office of the state game commissioner of the killing of one in Wenlock,
Essex county, in 1900 and deer hunters have reported sighting two or
three others since that time in the northeast corner of the state.

Sciurus carolinensis leucotis (Gapper) Allen. Northern gray
squirrel. Abundant in hardwood forests throughout the state. Rare
above 2,000 feet elevation.

Sciurus hudsonicus loquax Bangs. Southern red squirrel. All the
red squirrels collected in Vermont prove to be of this form. Former
reports have credited the state with S. h. gymnicus, in addition to the
southern form, but collections from Lunenburg in northern Essex coun-
ty and from the Canadian zone on the higher slopes of Mount Killington
are identical with red squirrels from the southern parts of the state
and the Champlain valley. é

Tamias striatus lysteri (Richardson) Merriam. Lyster’s chip-
munk. Common throughout the state and ranging to the summits of
the highest mountains. Most abundant in deciduous forests.

Marmota monax rufescens Howell. Rufescent woodchuck. In his
monograph of the marmots (North American Fauna, No. 37, U. S. Dept.
Agriculture), Mr. A. H. Howell cites Marmota monax preblerum
Howell from Rutland but all of a series of skins and skulls from points
between Wallingford and Lunenburg, sent him later, are placed under
the form rufescens. This includes a specimen taken in the Canadian
zone at East Wallingford.

Marmota monaxz canadensis (Erxleben). Canadian woodchuck. Mr.
Howell places a skin without skull from Mount Mansfield under this
species provisionally.

30 JOINT BULLETIN 2

Sciuropterus sabrinus macrotis Mearns. Canadian flying squirrel.
Common in the Canadian zone and occasional in cold swamps else-
where. Difficult to collect because of its nocturnal habits.

Sciuropterus volans (Linne) Jorgan. Southern flying squirrel. This
is the flying squirrel most frequently met with in Vermont. It is con-'
fined to open woodlands at the lower altitudes, ranging to the Canada
line in the Champlain valley. Records are incomplete as to its dis-
tribution north of Woodstock in eastern Vermont.

Castor canadensis Kuhl. Beaver. Practically extinct since before
1850.

Mus musculus Linne. House mouse. Introduced. Abundant in
buildings in settled districts. Occasionally in fields. One was taken
on a cold mountain brook in Sherburne two miles from a house.

Mus norvegicus Erxleben. Norway rat. Introduced. Common
about buildings in settled districts.

Mus rattus Linne. Black rat. Introduced. About buildings but
becoming rare.

Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis (Le Conte). Canadian white-footed
mouse. Common throughout the state above 1,000 feet altitude.
Prefers cool moist woods but frequents buildings in country districts.

Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Fischer) Miller. White-footed
mouse. Deermouse. The common white-footed mouse of the lowlands
and extending north in Champlain valley to Canadian border. North
to St. Johnsbury on east side of state. :

Evotomys gapperi ochraceus Miller. Eastern red-backed mouse.
Common in moist woods of Canadian zone and occasionally found in
cold swamps at lower altitudes.

Microtus pennsylwanicus (Ord) Rhoads. Meadow mouse. Abundant
in moist grassy and brushy lands at the lower altitudes. Gardner’s
Island in Lake Champlain at Ferrisburgh, a dry rocky tract, is over-
run with this mouse to the exclusion of all others. A large male was
trapped at the hotel near the summit of Mount Killington, where it was
probably introduced.

Fiber zibethicus (Linne) Cuvier. Muskrat. Common along lakes
and streams and in marshes,

Synaptomys fatuus Bangs. Northern lemming mouse. This elusive
species is put in the Vermont list as result of the trapping of two speci-
mens; one under matted spruces at the summit of Mount Killington
by Mr. Kent and the writer and the other in a sphagnum swamp (Scan-

a

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Brirp CLUB 81

lon’s) in the town of Leicester by Mr. D. L. Dutton and the writer.
These are in the collections of Messrs. Kent and Kirk.

Zapus hudsonius (Zimmerman) Coues. Hudson bay jumping
mouse. Common in grassy meadow lands and marshy tracts up to 2,-
000 feet altitude.

Napaeozapus insignis (Miller) Miller. Woodland jumping mouse.
Abundant about cool mountain streams and moist places in the Cana-
dian zone.

Erethizon dorsatum (Linne) F. Cuvier. Porcupine. Common in
mountainous regions.

Lepus americanus virginianus (Harlan) Allen. Eastern varying
hare. Widely distributed in mountain woods and in swamps at lower
altitudes. Much less common than formerly in many sections where
the cottontail has become common.

Sylvilagus transitionalis Bangs. New England cottontail. This
species has spread northward rapidly in the last 20 years. On the
west side of the state it is abundant to,the Canadian border up to 2,-
000 feet altitude. On the east side it extends at least as far north as
Montpelier. It is not reported from Essex county.

Phoca vitulina Linne. Harbor seal. This maritime species oc-
casionally finds its way into Lake Champlain through the St. Law-
rence river. Dr. Perkins cites three instances, “Burlington, 1810 and
1846; Otter creek, Weybridge, 1876.” There is one in the state collection
at Montpelier and one in the University of Vermont museum at Bur-
lington.

Felis cougar Kerr. Panther. Probably extinct. “Specimen killed at
Barnard in 1881,’ Dr. Perkins.

Lynx canadensis (Kerr) Rafinesque. Canada lynx. Formerly taken
occasionally but the writer can find no reliable record of the killing of
one for 20 years.

Lynx ruffus (Guidenstadt) Rafinesque. Bay lynx. Occasional in
heavily wooded districts.

Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis Merriam. Northern gray fox.
This species reaches its northern limit in central Vermont, being taken
at rare intervals in the transition zone as far north as Whiting on
the west side and Woodstock on the east side of the state.

Vulpes fulvus (Desmarest) De Kay. Red fox. Common through-
out the state, the black and cross phases being occasionally seen.

Lutra canadensis (Shreber) Sabine. Otter. Along mountain
streams, becoming rare. East Wallingford, 1914; Weston, 1915.

32 JOINT BULLETIN 2

Mephitis putida (G. Cuvier) Allen. Eastern skunk. Abundant in
pastures and open woodlands throughout the state.

Putorius vison (Shreber) Gapper. Mink. Formerly common
along streams and lakes everywhere but becoming infrequent because

of persistent trapping for its fur. ;

Putorius cicognani (Bonaparte) Richardson. Little brown weasel.
The common weasel in Vermont. Found at all altitudes.

Putorius noveboracensis Emmons. New York weasel. Much less
frequent than the preceding and more confined to the transition zone.
Apparently absent from some sections, as about Rutland.

Mustela americana Turton. Pine marten. Frequents highest spruce
covered mountain ridges. Nearly extinct. The writer saw a specimen
killed in Chittenden in 1900. A deer hunter secured one in Glasten-
bury in November, 1915.

Mustela pennanti Erxleben. Fisher. Another fur bearer which is
rapidly being exterminated and is confined to the wildest mountain
districts. The writer has seen the tracks of one in Sherburne and an-
other in Mendon within three years.

Procyon lotor (Linne) Storr. Raccoon. Common in deciduous
woods about lakes and along streams.

Ursus americanus Pallas. Black bear. Occasional in the mountains
throughout the state.

Sorex personatus I. Geoffroy. Masked shrew. Common in swamps
and moist woods from the Ievel of Lake Champlain to the highest
mountain summits.

Sorex fumeus Miller. Smoky shrew. Occasional in cool mossy woods
of the Canadian zone and rarely in sphagnum bogs; “Scanlon’s,” Leices-
ter; “Cedar,” Rutland.

Sorex hoyi Baird. Hoy’s shrew. Only one Vermont record. The
specimen was taken at Burlington by Zadock Thompson and is in the
state collection. —

Sorex dispar Batchelder. Two specimens of this rare shrew have
been taken in Vermont. One was trapped by Dr. Glover M. Allen at
Bridgewater and the other by Mr. Kent and the writer near the summit
of Mount Killington, the first collection being made in May, 1913.

Sorex albibarbis (Cope) Merriam. White-lippéd shrew. Local along
mountain streams and about ponds, mainly in the Canadian zone; Sher-
burne, Mendon, Goshen, Wallingford, Rutland. Mr. Kent made a large
collection of this shrew at Spectacle pond in East Wallingford.

Blarina brevicauda talpoides (Gapper) Bangs. Short-tailed shrew.
Abundant in woods and fields, preferring moist situations.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Brirp CLUB 33

Parascalops breweri (Bachman) True. Brewer’s mole. In fields
and open woods above 1,000 feet altitude. Frequent drier situations
than the star-nosed mole.

Condylura cristata (Linne) Desmarest. Star-nosed mole. Abundant
in moist meadows and marshes and extending well up into the moun-.
tains in suitable places. Mr. Kent took both species of moles in the
same tunnels at Spectacle pond.

Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte) Miller. Little brown bat. Abundant
throughout the state.

Myotis winnemana Nelson. Least brown bat. This species was
described by Mr. E. W. Nelson (Proc. Biological Soc., Wash.; vol. xxvi,
pp. 183-4) as the result of the collection of a few specimens by Mr.
D. R. Mahaffy of Proctor in Nickwacket cave, Chittenden, in January,
1913. It had previously been confused with the little brown bat. Sub-
sequent examinations of collections showed two from Maryland in the
biological survey collection and several from New England in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass.

Myotis subulatus (Say) Miller. Much more local than the preced-
ing. Mr. Kent and the writer have taken but two specimens, both in
Chittenden.

Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte) Peters. Silver-haired bat.
One of the most common bats of the state.

Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus Miller. Northern pipistrell. Col-
lected so far in Vermont only from caves in Chittenden, where it was
first discovered in 1915 by Mr. D. R. Mahaffy of Proctor. It reaches its
northern limit in New England.

Vespertilio fuscus Beauvois. Large brown bat. Common in the tran-
sition zone, preferring low moist woods. Frequently seen in villages.

Lasiurus borealis (Muller) Miller. Red bat. Occasional in the
transition zone. Rare in Canadian zone.

Lasiurus cinereus (Beauvois) H. Allen. Hoary bat. This migra-
tory species should be found breeding in the Canadian zone throughout
the state but, although Mr. Kent and the writer have frequently
watched, gun in hand, in favorable situations a good many evenings,
they have failed to see a specimen. It may be expected along water
courses during migrations. The only Vermont specimen of which there
is a record is one taken at Colchester soon after 1840 and presented the
state collection by Zadock Thompson.

34 JOINT BULLETIN 2

SPECIES NEW TO VERMONT.

Species included in the above list which have not been accredited
to the state in any previous publications are: -Synaptomys fatuus,

Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis, Sorex fumeus, Sorex albibarbis, :

Sorex dispar, Myotis winnemana, Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus.
SPECIES TO BE LOOKED For.

Microtus chrotorrhinus (Miller) Bangs, the rock vole, has been
taken in the White, Adirondack and Catskill mountains among moist
rocks at high altitudes and is to be expected in Vermont on the high-
est peaks of the Green Mountains. The little known long-tailed weasel,
Putorius occisor Bangs, may occur in northern Essex county.

BOTANICAL NOTES

A large specimen of Botrychium obliquum var. ternatum was col-
lected by Leston A. Wheeler at Newfane, having not only the frond of
the season but that of the previous year, in good condition.

A beautiful crisped form of Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium
was collected near Williamsville station by Mr. Wheeler.

A single plant of Elymus canadensis var. glaucifolius, which. was
brought to Mr. Wheeler’s attention by F. T. Randall, measured seven
feet and 10 inches in height and had a spike eight and a half inches
long.

Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn of Burlington collected Silene dichotoma on
the beach at Starr farm, Burlington, near newly seeded land, in 1915.

Miss Ella Munsell sends the following interesting list of plants
found in blossom at Wells River between October 1 and October 31,
1915: Red raspberry, twin flower, herb Robert, yarrow, white daisy,
erigeron, strawberry, bluets, goldenrod, white and purple violets, hare-
bells, false Solomon’s seal, cinquefoil, mullein.

Dana S. Carpenter reports Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman and Carer
cephaloidea Dewey from Middletown Springs. These carices are un-
common in Vermont.

The last week in April, 1915, there were several days of midsummer
heat at Rutland and the effect on vegetation was very marked, several

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BirpD CLUB 85

plants blossoming a full month ahead of time. Trillium grandifiorum,
(Michx.) Salisb. usually in its prime May 20 to Memorial day, was in
full bloom April 29 but, instead of topping plants 12 to 16 inches high,
the big flowers were, on the average, only four inches above the leafy
carpet of the forest. Viburnum alnifolium Marsh, another plant to put
forth flowers in late May, bore full blown cymes on well leaved
branches instead of on nearly naked ones as is usual. Most of the de-
ciduous trees were well leaved on the date mentioned.

Mrs. Emily Hitchcock Terry of Northampton, Mass., writes that
Dr. B. L. Robinson has identified one of several ferns collected by
her at Dorset as Asplenium simulatum Davenp. This is a considerable
extension of the range in Vermont of this rare fern.

The moss Tetraplodon broides (Zoega) Lindb. has been collected
on Mount Killington by Mr. Kirk. It*has heretofore been reported
in Vermont only from Mount Mansfield, A. J. Grout.

BIRD NOTES
The golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) was located
in the bushes near Muddy Pond, on Pine Hill, Rutland, by Mr. D. E.
Kent, May 30, 1915. Mr. Kent reports that the probabilities are that
this bird has nested in this vicinity for a number of years. This is the
only record we have at hand for this bird for Vermont.

A large flight of Tennessee warblers are reported for Rutland in
1915. The first birds appeared May 23. They were more abundant about
the residential streets than in the country outside the city. They were
frequent again in 1916.

A male bay-breasted warbler was observed by Mr. Charles Sheldon
of New York, Mr. G. H. Ross and Mr. George L. Kirk of Rutland at
Barnard, June 9, 1915. The bird was a male in full breeding plumage.
The location was spruce woods at an elevation of 2,500 feet. No
nest was found, and the bird may have been a delayed migrant as no
records of nesting for this bird are found in Vermont. The late date
would indicate breeding, however.

Mr. G. L. Kirk has the skin of a fine specimen of a male hawk
owl taken at Derby, Nov. 11, 1915, a rough-winged swallow taken at
Rutland May 20, 1916 and a Philadelphia vireo taken at Rutland May
24, 1916.

36 JOINT BULLETIN 2

A great horned owl was found incubating her eggs, by Mr. G. H.
Ross, Mr. G. L. Kirk and Mr. D. E. Kent at Rutland, March 12, 1916.
The nest was located in a pine tree, 45 feet from the ground. The
ground was covered with snow, and the snow was piled several inches
about the nest. The thermometer registered 10 degrees below zero. The
nest contained two eggs.

A black-billed cuckoo was found on a nest containing three eggs
as late as August 29, by Mr. E. J. Briggs of Rutland. This is a record
for late breeding, as this bird usually leaves this locality early in
September.

Evening grosbeaks are reported for the past winter from a number
of places in Vermont. They remained several weeks in the vicinity of
Rutland. They were also observed in Middlebury, Burlington, London-
derry, Clarendon, Hartland, Brandon and St. Johnsbury. The last bird
was seen at Rutland, May 17.

The nest of an American goldeneye was found at Averill, in 1915,
by Mr. Owen Durfee of Fall River, and Mr. F. H. Kennard of Boston,
Mass. This is probably the first breeding record for this bird in the
state.

Miss Mary E. Jennison reports the presence of bay-breasted warb-
lers at St. Albans, May 29-31, together with myrtle warblers and olive-
backed thrushes. The same observer reports an unusual number of
scarlet tanagers for that locality during the past year. She also found
young juncos and white-throated sparrows in a woodlot on Aldis Hill as
late as August 15, an indication that these birds breed in that locality.
The same report includes a notice of the evening grosbeaks which
stayed two or three days about the middle of March, the flock being
a small one, containing three females and one male.

Winter birds are reported much more numerous about St. Johns-
bury this year than in previous years. White-winged crossbills, Ameri-
can crossbills, redpolls, and snow buntings, having been observed in
various parts of the town. Miss Inez A. Howe reports that chickadees,
a pair of red-breasted nuthatches, a white-breasted nuthatch, and a
pair of blue jays came daily to the food shelves. Mrs. Edward Fair-
banks records a brown creeper, a pair of downy woodpeckers, and a tree
sparrow which have been spending the winter in the vicinity. In one
of the rural schools, where the children are interested in the birds,
the chickadees have become so tame that they come to the window-sill
and eat from the children’s hands.

VERMONT BOTANICAL AND Birp CLUB 37

The following uncommon birds are reported for St. Johnsbury by
Mr. W. E. Balch: May 2, a flock of pine grosbeaks numbering from 150-
200 individuals; on May 9, a flock of purple martins; May 23, a pair of
Bicknell’s thrushes; June 3, a brown thrasher; June 4, three mourning
warblers; June 6, a yellow-billed cuckoo, all unusual for this vicinity.

Miss Howe reports, additionally, the following for St. Johnsbury:
Pine siskins, classed as winter visitors for that locality, nested there
in 1915, and lingered all summer. A winter wren was heard singing
all summer, and came to the food shelf the first nine days of November.
Two young rose-breasted.grosbeaks were seen on August 6. On May 30,
seven Bohemian waxwings were seen eating seeds of the elm in East
St. Johnsbury; the day following they were reported from Lyndon by
Miss Clara Wilmarth. It is evident that they nested in that place as a
young bird was brought to Miss Wilmarth on September 20. A pair
of chewinks were found nesting in one of the rural school districts,
June 2, and on September 24, two adults, with four young, were ob-
served in the same vicinity. This is the first report of this bird in St.
Johnsbury.

Mrs. A.. B. Morgan reports the following for Woodstock and
vicinity: The bird census for the “Highlands” recorded 79 breeding
pairs to 92 acres. The prairie horned lark nested on the farm for the
first time, so far as is known. On June 2 the song was heard which
was recognized as similar to that heard on the plains near Denver,
Col. Soon after the horned lark was found walking about in the grass,
uttering a low-pitched, purring note, quite different from the flight
song. The wood thrushes are evidently moving along the range, one
pair nesting in the “back lot” this year for the first time.

A kingfisher wintered on the banks of the Ottauquechee. On Jan-
uary 11, during a five-mile drive, three large flocks of snow buntings
were seen.

On May 23, a fine specimen of Swainson’s hawk was taken in Hart-
land village. It was 19 inches in length, and in the dark phase, closely
resembling the rough-legged hawk. This species is seldom taken east
of the Mississippi.

Mr. G. L. Kirk reports hearing the song of the long-billed marsh
wren at midnight. He says: “It is not uncommon for birds to utter brief
snatches of song during the night, but, with few exceptions, these songs
are not to be compared with their natural songs of the daytime. It was

38 JOINT BULLETIN 2

the writer’s privilege, on July 25, 1915, to hear a large number of long-
billed marsh wrens in ful] song in the middle of the night. For the
purpose of fishing for bullheads, I went by boat to Little Otter Creek,
where it winds through a large marsh just before emptying into Lake
Champlain at Ferrisburgh. The night was perfectly clear and still and
there was a full moon. The fishing party were on the creek from 9
o’clock until nearly 12, and every minute the birds were in full song.
There were scores of them, all singing with the same vim that might
be expected of them at sunrise. Part of another evening was spent in
the same place a few nights later while the moon was still bright, and
the birds were singing as before.” .

Mr. A. E. Tuttle of Bellows Falls has submitted the suggestion that
all cemeteries should be made “bird sanctuaries,’ and that a law should
be enacted requiring that all cats should be licensed, or muzzled during
the summer.

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