JOINT BULLETIN No. 7 Vermont Botanical and Bird Clubs APRIL, 1921 Published Annually by the Clubs a Sar 7 eS : ake Ra we 4 . ee a Waeh | ar} w5¢ ié cs was ty phe i ee a 7 stay ve ey > “4, wes ‘ = * d -a al 5 MAY 9 1921 JOINT BULLETIN No. 7 Vermont Botanical and Bird Clubs APRIL, 1921 Published Annually by the Clubs FREE PRESS PRINTING CO., BURLINGTON, VT. VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS Joint Bulletin No. 7 April, 1921 Published Annually by the Clubs TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE FOURS “OMIGCTS . oo 5 vouch whew diese lds ow Ree a Oe ie ee ee 3 Committee on Summer Meetings. .) .5 5 0ovck tek cece sdcae eee oe ee 3 Editorial— The Need of a Botanical Garden in Vermont................ 5 secretary's. Repert, Nellie BE. Pignnt 26 uty ee oes act eee 6 Treasurer’s Report, Nellie F. Flynn............... boo vasa aoe eee 8 Field Meeting of 1920, Nellie I. Piya... 335. .68 548s 2 eae eee 9 My Botanical Work in 1920, Inez Addie Howe.................. 11 Result of Finding an Unknown Cocoon, Evaline Darling Morgan... 12 New Plants and New Stations, E. M. Kittredge.................. 14 Botanizing in Essex County, Dana S. Carpenter................ 15 Violets Collected: at ‘Tyson, Hxra, Brainerd... ie cue vawi ccceaen 18 New Plants for: State, Nelile W. Piya i232 oes cod owes eee 19 A Season’s Botanizing in Bennington, H. C. Ridlon...........4.. 19 Nest of Mourning Warbler, George L. Kirk.................. Root f | Bird Notes, Ine Addie Howe. Gee. ip cos vec Shen 2s oe ews Cae 22 Rare Plants of Wells River and Vicinity, Helen Eastman and Womiell:P. Saas. vce ie ko boda we eee ees eee 23 Collections in Woodstock in 1920, E. M. Kittredge.............. 24 Similarity in Nests of Bicknell’s Thrush, George L. Kirk........ 25 ft Pe ae ae ak a ee pee ee es NOP mM ee eR A a ras eps 27 Cometitwtione “of (Clini 02. fs od 5 clbeiidinie cca ce ge ta ae oe ve ee 30 Members Elected During Year— WOtaRE OND 5 sc Sa cab se ehh 6 eee Veale ae 31 ere Cres nee eS i oe Re ee kw ee eee been tee 32 JOINT OFFICERS PRESIDENT....... Re ee faire pened a Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Middlebury VS RS oy oa an Prof. G. H. Perkins, Burlington SECHETARY-1 REASURER oo ooo 6 i asic s,a, 0.0%, 010.0 Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, Burlington C2 a Ne al ae i eR Lewis H. Flint, Burlington TS ed ete i Ns Be ae, ie ba dia af Su a George L. Kirk, Rutland COMMITTEE ON SUMMER MEETING Mrs. L. Frances Jolley, Berkshire Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, Burlington Jay G. Underwood, Hartland Miss Inez Addie Howe, St. Johnsbury we of I be Die ‘* me NY 7 he 4 * s v A | i sagt and >) | *,. ‘ ' id D4 es) é i a : *. 7 a . iolat’ Utnears Peeete ee J iy : | “i abh a eae aoa? MAY es ie fee RatAge A SOIT. doe np lg te needa sorgathia “wieget a big ali Se ea Pa; ike al mies ed A F. 0 eek nee: eas ap hooes tie, Se yan, as Ss “tad, Mowing GE tito; Neve ¥. Py. Me. Welani Were Ma ig, See Ade 1. nye var sf ge ob Liltuontl { a * md ¢ baja geass “Gow. Pi gata fire PR ha “Raul A SQ 4 Pre cnvo mt Oe ite hes aso : hee Wealai & PF 2: Se ae a tata Pan ‘iy Shoes, Commis, OSE Ae Cll va tos! i“adlecd tre ‘yale ‘ ) Pi: 4 Wy “ea (othe Adie OWE. cs he A 4 B,.* ie : i tes. a Wie ork i9 tou ri, Usted ies Bay S ¢ ia LS _é : a es reall if thy a “re i ‘enpo's Uctapls Tah, [enecce er Vicars afc Wei) s Rivet ene Piety; tae ee miinch sees @ ea sie i etn be Gegrge £* Kies 9 fs ie : . ‘ << ‘Rei ode? i 3 sa (Pat atv [ om ee icp ae v0 ngs ail j J Pe ve rel : Spee are erly Guviae 1 oa 7 a so Pras Pee) - a. Ba PL To : 4 2 info rs” 6gts.” ?*- ‘ae est Ri kere tea ca ess : Fiigsd (Se i: ; y . we" Cd is abet bene an e a A : ; % . Ve oe pees ; "7s eis is 7 < + > 4 é - 4S a ce: i 2 & ol ol a : are iy ay > ; ‘be : wre Rabe Aes ot we 2 get ys r ~ » io PA ¢ ene - H Tic pe oe; ; ’ : tenes th, © bas area 4 ters? EDITORIAL The following was submitted by Miss E. M. Kittredge for another department of the BULLETIN, but the idea covered is so important to all lovers of Vermont’s flora, and so timely, that we have appropriated it for this column: The Need of a Botanical Garden in Vermont Some of the rarest of our plants are occasionally found growing in places soon to be invaded by woodsmen, or roadmakers, or along road- sides which must be cut, or in fields which are to be cultivated. Herbarium specimens, of course, are taken, but the real lover of plants regrets the loss of the growing plant. If possessed of a garden of his own, or having access to the gardens of friends, the plant is removed from its jeopardized home and given a home where it is guarded, and its grace and beauty enjoyed. But those of us who are not fortunate in the matter of gardens of our own or our friends, must leave the lovely, or odd, things we find to be destroyed by “the march of prog- ress.” Therefore arises the need of a reservation in the Experiment Station, or some other advantageous place, where such plants can find sanctuary, and not only afford opportunities for study to the serious botanist, but delight the eyes, and awaken the interest of the casual observer. | The writer firmly believes in leaving most plants where Nature has placed them, but when it is evident that certain plants, interesting for one reason or another, are doomed to destruction if left, then she as firmly believes in removing them to some other situation, where they will be able to grow—and perhaps multiply. During four years in this State the writer has found many such plants which would soon be destroyed, and which she would gladly have sent to the State Botanical Garden, had there been one. Doubtless, other members of this Club have had similar experiences. The Club has done much to preserve a record of the State’s flora in the Herbarium. Will it not now provide, or urge the provision of, a home for living plants? The committee appointed at the last summer meeting of the Clubs to draft a petition to the State Legislature, asking that a law be passed -to protect the wild flowers of Vermont, lost no time in getting to work. 0 JOINT BULLETIN 7 The result was that consideration was given by the General Assembly of 1921 to a measure to prohibit the extinction of stations of rare plants for commercial, or for other purposes. Because of the accessibility of Vermont's favorite botanizing centers, due to modern means of travel, a law of this kind is the only means of preventing total disappearance of some of the rarest plants from the State’s flora. We are glad to again welcome to the BULLETIN an article which does not come under the head of either plant or bird study. It has been pointed out before that the BuLLerin offers a medium for the discussion of all phases of natural history of Vermont. Botanists and ornithologists predominate in this State, but there are many who would be interested in articles on the insects, reptiles and mammals. The fungi have been much neglected during recent years. SECRETARY’S REPORT Nellie F. Flynn Business Meetings of the Year The.1920 summer meeting, at Tyson, was called to order by the president, Dr. Ezra Brainerd. Ex-Gov. W. W. Stickney, of Ludlow, ad- dressed the Clubs on the history of the region and the old post road, which, in 1759, was built from Charleston, N. H., to Crown Point, N. Y., under General Amherst. Mrs. W. H. Moore, of Woodstock, followed with a delightful talk on the birds of the Black River Valley and she whistled some of their songs. Several new members were elected. Members were notified to report promptly all new finds of plants to Dr. George P. Burns, and to send duplicates to the State Herbarium. Dr. A. J. Grout presented the matter of protecting the plants in Smuggler’s Notch, which is being denuded of ferns by the Gillette Nursery Company of Southworth, N. J. He said that Goldie’s fern was gone, and a few others were about extinct. He suggested that the president appoint a committee to draft a petition to the Legislature or suggest other means to protect these wild plants. The chair named Dr. Burns, Prof. G. H. Perkins, and Professor Grout as the committee. Plans for the three days of the meeting were then talked over. VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BiRD CLUBS 7 Winter Meeting—1921 The meeting was called to order, January 28, at Burlington, by Dana S. Carpenter, of Middletown Springs, in the absence of the president and vice-president. The reading of papers was proceeded with as per program, and these, with discussions, occupied the morning. At the afternoon session, in addition to the papers, the place for the next summer meeting was discussed, and Willoughby was decided upon, providing the Clubs can get accommodations there. Mrs. L. Frances Jolley, Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, Jay G. Underwood, and Miss Inez A. Howe were appointed a committee to look into the matter. A supper, complimentary to visiting members, was served at 6 o’clock. ‘ In the evening, a public lecture on “The Archeology of Vermont” was given by Prof. G. H. Perkins, State Geologist. It was illustrated with stone implements of the Indians, which have been collected in various places in the State. At the session Saturday morning, the old officers were elected, as follows: President, Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Middlebury; vice-president, Prof. G. H. Perkins, Burlington; secretary-treasurer, ‘Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, Burlington; librarian, Lewis H. Flint, Burlington; editor, George L. Kirk, Rutland. The treasurer’s report was accepted and filed. The secretary was instructed to draft a letter to members of the Legislature, asking for legislation prohibiting the gathering of wild flowers and plants for commercial purposes on Mount Mansfield and Smuggler’s Notch. It was voted to join the Wild Flowers Preservation Society, and the treasurer was instructed to send dues of $1, and express the interest of the Vermont Club in the work. It was decided to revise the Flora of Vermont, and a committee, consisting of Miss Elsie M. Kittredge, of Proctor and New York, Dr. Brainerd, Mrs. Flynn, and Professor Burns, was appointed to that end. There was election of new members. Five films of moving pictures were thrown on the screen showing one of the National forests, means provided for camping, the results. of carelessness in: fires from cigar and cigarette butts, and apparatus for fighting fire. 8 JOINT BULLETIN 7 TREASURER’S REPORT Nellie F. Flynn Botanical Club RECEIPTS Cash om. bend wenuaty, 20.2920... sanssi-osiiv chee eoltndiel ekheen $218.85 BOs. «ds aed: . -«+ak) ime ebteloetennaka= ‘dams shed aba ae eee 65.75 Bale: of Club pine i450 Sleek ate (28 ed: Sn aiee ANee ee 2.10 Sale of Bubletins ¢ dese ek nded i Pid a i ei ee eee .90 Total. 08. OF. ORL UST Seta. fh SE eo ee eee $287.€0 EXPENDITURES aif bill for -neintine Bubletio: Oo vaont eee ee ae $ 59.15 Hall billie for programms and Notices... o.oo ucvetein ns Gee 11.88 Epi bill tye we Eee OE Gs ie es Cv eee re 2.50 ns askin oh Stabs bROn ~ Relat ae ties hae ee ee 12.19 Biatlanery ...s. Seo oA we Se ee sie en. casa Pee 1.95 Malt ducs Nw of Mii, fis. en v5 switetute eee ee 1.50 Heeramien, OTOP i. cea we woe deeb se se wes ee ee eee .90 OTR na sca 0 abe » n= mand eee ae a eee $ 90.07 Cash on hand, January ‘273921 ne: wd wu ares 197.53 alnweny fk peo ok, ee aes TPR Pe $287.60 Tare MPCMOCT RII SEMEN kis fc ns % nue Sees e's Wg elega te rane dex «Oe ee $150.00 Aeerted Iteresl , . 6555 oss ck ose nae hee we ee ee eee oe 41.13 TOMES, est Gees tas hae be ee bs Cea ie a eae ee eee $191.13 Bird Club RECEIPTS Cain’ hase Janrdary Zo, Pose vs. cee ss Se cae cee hese teenies ee re | VUNG os cody kis 4: « ivesa's wy pales bok Sa eee hs aide duds wa el ee 52.50 Malo of Peulleting.. «onc nb stsa cae eed bael neh cetieeeee 80 VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 9 EXFENDITURES ERY ete TOL opePrieriies Doereret ii ys ale cre ee Ea, $ 59-16 EE Pile DLORTaAmie Une MOMCER. . ft. ee EA 20d fe 11.87 Pie (arr te pews sere Ge. Pee. ee ee eek Seek. FE 2.50 Duwes“Nat. Assoc ‘Andobon Boce. (two yearsy oreo eS 10.€0 PURR Se e e re ee ee ene ee ee eee ek BR ae 5.19 Pere ee ae OE IN: EPR eee. te ee mee 6 ot UO STIE, 1.50 PUMICE re fees Oe ee eee eee eee, Peete 2 SEES 1.95 PANS See lee eee hn FS De OU Le te SEs pees $ 92.16 asl On nant, Ganuary ctr LOSEs. 2h oes e eee ee e 33.85 WC a ae ee a Pee ale: Oe Oe care yey saa $126.01 Nites eanents DANTE VERTING gs se saarnes ‘a ~ssrnck ah enhdet eu: = oh hgeeeosiache tae $ 30.00 UG EOC NATIT OB OME ry i ars & ge) co 415 gc cied-a UR ei w tae RE ere ck eT 10.72 "SOTA cs eke A A wet Ae bis a ie ibe «ate. Bate $ 40.72 FIELD MEETING OF 1920 Nellie F. Flynn The annual field meeting of the Clubs was held at Tyson, July 1 to 3, with headquarters at Echo Lake Hotel, where the members gath- ered the afternoon and evening of June 30. In the evening, an in- formal session was held, with talks by Ex-Gov. W. W. Stickney and Mrs. W. H. Moore. On Thursday morning, July 1, the party went to the head of the reservoir on the West Bridgewater road, stopping on the way at an old limestone quarry, where the white fiowered form of herb Robert, Geranium Robertianum, was found. In rich, moist woods near by grew, in great luxuriance, Braun’s holy fern, Polystichum Braunii, Goldie’s fern, Aspidium Goldianum, narrow-leaved spleenwort, Asplenium an- gustifolium, and plenty of common kinds, like the lady fern, maiden hair, spinulose fern, but in more than ordinary luxuriance. In wet places, we found the swamp saxifrage, Saxzifraga pennsyl- vanica, and Robbin’s ragwort, Senecio Robbinsii. 10 JOINT BULLETIN 7 On shaded limestone ledges on the north side of a mountain, at what is called “the narrows” and which is the watershed between a branch of the Black and a branch of the Ottaquechee Rivers, at an elevation of 1,395 feet, we found the most prized plant of the day, the green spleenwort, Asplenium viride. This is the fourth station in the State, and the lowest in elevation. To this elevation the smaller size of the fern is said to be due. Maiden hair spleenwort, Asplenium trichomanes, Was growing with the green spleenwort. On the return, the garden of the Misses Gibson, on the shore of one of the many lakes, was visited. Friday the Clubs went into Plymouth Notch, to Grassy Pond, stopping on the way to see the birthplace of Vice-President Calvin Coolidge. At the pond were found the usual plants of a sphagnum bog: The leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata; swamp and_ sheep laurels, Kalmia polifolia and K. angustifolia; swamp sedges, Carer oederi var. pumila, C. Leptalea, C. rostrata, C. filiformis, Scirpus hudsonianus, and an immature sedge which may prove to be something new, if we can get it at maturity. The orchids, Habenaria dilatata, rose pogonia, Pogonia ophioglos- soides, and the rare Arethusa bulbosa were collected, but no grass pink, Cadlopogon pulchellus, were found. In shallow water, in an opening in the sphagnum, was found a new plant for Vermont, the smaller bladderwort, Utricularia minor, discovered by the sharp eyes of Harold G. Rugg, of Proctorsville. On the way back, the bulbous buttercup, Ranunculus bulbosus, and the lovage, Levisticum officinale, were collected by the roadside. Along the post road, a small, delicate form of the Indian poke, Veratrum viride, with yellow flowers was found. It grew in a dryer situation than usual, and that probably accounts for the difference in appearance from the usual form. A few of the party found the new dock, Rumezx alpinus, near the hotel. Miss Kittredge tells of this in one of her papers. Saturday, which had been reserved for trips to swamps and ponds within walking distance of the hotel, was so rainy that the party broke up. It seems advisable to visit this region again and to explore the swamps and ponds left unvisited on this trip. It is the only consider- able limestone region in Vermont, east of the Green Mountains, and contains many possibilities. VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS j1 Thirty-four members were present at the 1920 summer meeting, for longer or shorter periods, and the usual fun and jollity prevailed, with great interest in bird and botanical findings. The birds seen were: Field sparrow, Nashville warbler, hairy wood- pecker, black throated blue warbler, veery, goldfinch, robin, swift, ovenbird, redstart, yellow warbler, wood pewee, kingbird red-eyed vireo, yellow-throated vireo, warbling vireo, song sparrow, chipping sparrow, catbird, cedarbird, red-winged blackbird, Canadian warbler, humming bird, purple finch, bobolink, whippoorwill, Maryland yellow throat, crow, blackduck, olive-sided flycatcher, alder flycatcher, swamp sparrow, bank swallow, vesper sparrow, olive-backed thrush, partridge, blue-headed vireo, great-crested flycatcher, winter wren, bluejay, night- hawk, kingfisher—42 in all. Nests of chebec, ovenbird, barn swallow, phoebe, and kingbird were seen. MY BOTANICAL WORK IN 1920 Inez Addie Howe During the season of 1920, the usual plan of work was carried on by the Botanical department of the Fairbanks Museum in St. Johns- bury. Within a radius of five miles of the Museum, general botanizing is done in familiar localities, and intensive work over small additional areas each year, with the hope that eventually we may have the com- plete Flora of St. Johnsbury and vicinity. As a result of last season’s work 20 species were added to our local list. They are as follows: Aster lateriflorus var. hirsuticaulis, Hieracium floribundum, Centaurea americana, Vaccinium pennsylvani- cum, Pyrola asarifolia var. incarnata, Microstylis monophyllos, Galium of this list, two species, Solanum nigrum var. villosum, and Cen- hirsuta, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Stellaria borealis, Polemonium Van- Bruntiae, Arrhenatherum elatius, Panicum miliaceum, Poa triflora, Carex pennsylvanicum, Carex paucifiora, Carex paupercula var. pallens, and Carex paupercula var. irrigua. Of this list, two species, Solanum nigrum var. villosum, and Cen- taurea americana are new to Vermont. A small station for Microstylis monophyllos in the same swamp where I have previously located 13 other species of Orchidaceae, was, perhaps, my best new find for the local Flora. In August, I located a 12 JOINT BULLETIN 7 new station for Cypripedium arietinum in a section of the town where it has never been found before, and I am convinced that Habenaria clavellata is much more common in eastern Vermont than has pre- viously been supposed. The development of stations for three species of Centaurea on the farm of John P. C. Stark, of St. Johnsbury Center, is a most curious circumstance. I have carefully investigated this locality, and found growing but a few rods apart a large patch each of Centaurea Jacea var. lacera, Centaurea nigra var. radiata, Centaurea americana, These plants have appeared within two or three years in old grassland that has not been reseeded in many years. The season of 1920 was the “best yet” from my point of view. Hight hundred three species of local flowering plants and ferns and 23 of mosses and lichens were shown at the Museum. RESULT OF FINDING AN UNKNOWN COCOON Evaline Darling Morgan One day, in the late fall of 1916, while clearing up my garden, I overturned an old board and discovered an unknown cocoon fastened securely to its underside. Curiosity prompted me to pick it off for examination, and in so doing I discovered that the larva not only had hollowed out a smooth groove in the board of the shape and size to fit the pupa, but had incorporated the shavings, or bits of wood, with its silk to form the inner layer of the cocoon. The outside layer was en- tirely distinct from the inner, and of an even weave and color, not unlike that of many cocoons. I was thrilled by the work of this unknown artisan. Gardening and all its demands were immediately deserted for the perusal of books that might give an answer to my urgent question, “What can it be?” Many hours were spent in search for the answer, but without results. Then I wrote to the entomological department of the Univer- sity of Vermont, and to several authorities on such matters, but all reported ‘never heard of it.” That vear I had a class of girls who had been studying moths and butterflies and making collections of their larve to be placed in an improvised hatchery to await results the following spring, so it was VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 13 the natural thing for me to put the pupa of this strange cocoon back into its cradle and file it away to await results. I found the specimen the last of October, and it was well into the following May before the moth emerged. Its rough handling mani- fested itself in an imperfect and crumpled object, that was impossible to identify with certainty. I must wait and watch as the summer came. My class was more enthusiastic in moth culture than the previous year, and all specimens were carefully labelled, fed, and finally filed as col- lected. One of the labels read thus: “Caterpillar, fuzzy with yellow hairs, 2 pairs black pencils front, 1 pair back, about 114 in. long, found in garden (traveling), full grown, Aug. 20, 1917.” It was in its box only a few days before it made its cocoon in one corner. The following May it hatched, and although it was not a per- fect specimen, I was able to identify it as Acronycta (Apatela) amer- icana, the American dagger moth. That year a prize was offered by the Hartland Nature Club for the best collection of cocoons made by the schools. These collections were sent to me for identification, and those specimens that I was uncertain of I put in my hatchery, with the result that one of them attached to a small decayed branch emerged as an American dagger. Upon exam- ination of the cocoon, I found the same characteristic present as in my unknown one, that the inner portion had been made of the bark and some of the wood of the branch. I saw, also, in comparing the crumpled specimen with the more perfect one, that the bodies were similar. The following year I was fortunate in finding several caterpillars like the one my class had labelled. One of these failed to spin a cocoon, and conveniently dried in such a way as to add to my series of specimens. I carefully watched the remaining ones during their transformation and was again thrilled by the magic of these tiny creatures, making their grooves in the paper boxes, and deftly incorporating the bits into their cocoons. One of them made a cocoon with two distinct coverings, probably owing to the softer and coarser quality of the box in which it was placed. The other two cleverly kept the appearance of the out- door specimen, while really making the two coverings into one. In the latter part of May, 1919, a perfect specimen of this dagger moth flew to my screen, seemingly for the express purpose of complet- ing my series, that should reveal at a glance what had taken me four years to discover. I have been unable to find any descriptions that reveal the unique and interesting habit that this moth has in making 14 JOINT BULLETIN 7 its cocoon, and I should like to know whether it has been known and recorded by others. NEW PLANTS AND NEW STATIONS E. M. Kittredge During the summer meeting of the Vermont Botanical Club, much interest was manifested in an abnormal specimen of Veratrum, which was found in a field bordering the old stage road near Plymouth Union. The leaves were less pubescent than in the common form, and the flowers were yellow. Although much handled, and examined in the heat, as well as the light, of a kerosene lamp, the plant showed . no trace of withering, and remained fresh and beautiful for several days. The specimen has been studied by several botanists, and is now in the Gray Herbarium pending further information. The large-leaved Dock, found near Saltash Mountain, was at first thought to be a hybrid between the garden rhubarb and the common broad-leaved dock, both species growing abundantly near by, and the new plant resembling both in several characters, but it was later determined as Rumezx alpinus. L., a native of the higher mountains of central Europe. It has not before been reported from this country. In August, another visit was made to some of the bogs and swamps of Plymouth, and several very interesting plants collected and others noted for another season. Habenaria blephariglottis was found in one open bog, growing in some abundance. My guide, Mrs. B. G. Thomas, of Woodstock, has known of the station for several years and has jealously guarded the plants fearing their extermination. She re- luctantly consented to the report of the station, but bound me not to reveal its exact location, a promise I was more than willing to give. Photographs were made and three specimens taken. Carex folliculata was found in abundance in this bog. Three years ago some very beautiful mallows were noticed along the road near Bridgewater Corners. Each year the plants were cut before mature fruit could be collected, but from the material sent to Dr. Ezra Brainerd and others, the plants have been determined as hybrids between Malva Alcea and M. moschata. M. Alcea is occasion- ally, and M. moschata very frequently, found in the neighborhood, but neither species was found in the immediate vicinity of the hybrids. VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 15 BOTANIZING IN ESSEX COUNTY Dana 8S. Carpenter While this tale of a very tame adventure can hardly compare to that of “The Three Musketeers,” yet we three, J. G. Underwood, Harold Rugg, and myself, endured each other’s society with great bravery and some degree of cheerfulness for a week, more or less, botanizing in Essex County, in the month of July. It was a camping trip with Mr. Underwood’s car as a base, each one of us contributing something in the way of equipment and food. A tent with sewed sides, buttoned over the top of the car and pegged down, made a serviceable shelter, and one which the writer and his wife had used on other occasions with profit and pleasure. We cooked upon a camper’s gas stove, with two burners: Bread, bacon, coffee, tinned vegetables, and certain extras from Mr. Under- wood’s delicatessen gave plenty of variety. We slept on folding cots; that is, Messrs. Underwood and Carpenter did; Mr. Rugg forgot his cot, and had to rest his bones on the car cushions, doubling such bones as would double to fit the cushions, or let them dangle at the mercy of black flies and mosquitoes. We left Hartland, where we outfitted, on a Monday, at noon, driving north along the Connecticut River and into a terrific thunder shower at Lyme, witnessing the unusual sight of a tree near the high- way being struck by lighthing and then bursting into flames. The rain fell in torrents, and under Mr. Rugg’s direction, we left the main highway at Orford and after a hilly drive of six miles or more we reached the club house belonging to the Dartmouth Association, one of the chain of club houses reaching to the White Mountain region; a most comfortable place, with beds, blankets, stove, fuel, cooking utensils. ; Next morning we retraced our steps to the main highway, driving north through Vermont and New Hampshire to Guildhall, where we began to look seriously for roads leading to Maidstone Lake. After two or three false clues had led us up unfrequented roads, only to be baffled, we reached Bloomfield, a little village perched upon the rocks of the Connecticut River. Across the bridge the village blossoms out again as North Stratford, N. H. Here the Nulhegan River, after its tortuous way through tangled bog and dark slash of red, white and black spruce forests, tumbles into the Connecticut. At the point of junction, in a little swirl of back 16 JoINTt BULLETIN 7 eddy, was our first bush of Salix pellita Anders, Eggleston’s station, no doubt. On the way home, days later, we traced it many miles south- ward. Just how far down the river it has a foothold remains to be proved. We were of the opinion that it came from the Connecticut lakes far to the north. Upon further inquiry in regard to Maidstone Lake, we retraced our road for two miles, then opened a gate into a rocky pasture, follow- ing a cart road until twilight prompted a search for a camping place in an open space in the pasture. Not until supper was over did we begin to realize that we were doomed to pass a sleepless night from myriads of black flies and mos- quitoes which descended upon us. In vain we smeared ourselves with pitch, tar and rosin. In vain we covered our heads with blankets. The one smoker of tobacco sat on a stone in the close embrace of his com- panions, who chose to endure the nausea of smoke to the fiery darts of the insects, and only with the coming of the sun did they depart. We were soon up and away on foot, leaving the car at this place. A half hour’s walk brought us to where years ago the stream had been dammed across a gorge to furnish power. A tiny meadow and a few old log cabins, one still occupied, relieved the loneliness. In the mud of the old dam was Alopecurus geniculatus L. var. aristulatus Torr. We followed an old logging trail which crossed and recrossed the brook, for some time, eventually leading up to the shore of a lonesome and desolate sheet of water, Maidstone Lake. The forest, or such of it as was left after wasteful lumber opera- tions had ceased years ago, came nearly to the water’s edge or marsh, the rude dam, now nearly rotted away, was clogged with the bare trunks and branches of trees worn quite smooth by the water, which gurgled and eddied beneath. We wriggled our way through reeds and willows for some distance, finally reaching a little beach with a bit of grass, where we stopped long enough to eat a bit of chocolate and catch a nap; then returned to the car, all agreeing that it was no place for a summer meeting. The afternoon was spent in returning to Bloomfield, en route for Island Pond, over an interesting road in sight of many bogs and through damp forests of spruce close to the road. Sphagnum by the roadside gave us Habernaria obtusata and Micro- stylos uniflora. We stayed at the Island Pond Hotel, conducted by a “most estimable couple working under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. It is a big barn of a structure with few conveniences, though the VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS ike manager and his wife were very cordial and helpful, giving us the freedom of the big billiard room in which to arrange our plants and guiding us the next morning to a most delightful bog where the softest of sphagnum blossomed with Pogonia, Calopogon, Arethusa, Buckbean, Kalnia, and kindred plants delighted the eye. This would be good botanizing but the hotel is a railroad man’s sleeping place only. The next day we motored nearly all day through to Norton’s Mills on the Canadian line, and thence to the little hamlet of Wallis Pond, which is a record of hill and bog, and timber slash, overgrown more or less completely. There are bogs with a center of clear water; mud flats with dwarf callas, dotted with the yellow blossoms of utricularias, eriophorum, rynchospora, mountain holly, and black spruce. We left them all regretfully; they would have to be reached from a base at Island Pond, and Island Pond lacked a hotel. That night we camped in the yard of a little school-house at Wallis Pond, near farm houses and pleasant fields, with the opposite shore under the Union Jack, a brisk breeze flapping our tent curtains and fish leaping for flies the only sounds. . The next day we went to Canaan where the Connecticut River sheltered some interesting things. I think it was here that we found Salix balsamifera, and Evening Primroses flourished as if it were always evening, with petals 214 inches across, where the spray from | the granite rocks kept them continually moist. Distance and lack of hotels are two disagreeable factors to be reckoned with in making Bloomfield, Island Pond, Norton’s Mills, or Canaan, a place for the summer meeting. So much for my recollections of a pleasant trip with most agree- able companions. List of plants taken on Essex County trip, July, 1920, by J. G. Underwood, Harold Rugg, and D. S. Carpenter: Salix pellita, Anders, Salix lucida Muhl., Juncus filiformis L., Juncus marginatus Rostk., Amelanchier laevis Meyer, Polygonum la- pathifolium L., Ribes triste Pall. var. albinervium (Michx.) Fernald. Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl., Picea mariana (Mill) BSP., Alo- pecurus geniculatus L. var. aristulatus Torr., Sisymbrium altissimum L., Aster paniculatus Lam., Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Utricularia cornuta Michx., Lycopodium inundatum L., Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh., Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin., Lonicera caerulea L. var 18 JOINT BULLETIN 7 villosa (Michx.) T. & G., Lobelia Dortmanni L., Eriocaulon septangu- lare Withering, Drosera longifolia L., Microstylis uniflora (Michx.) BSP., Carex Michauzii Broeckl., Carer leptalea Wahl., Carex pauper- cula Michx. var. pallens Fernald, Carex oligosperma Michx., Carer vesicaria L., var. Jejuna Fern., Carex canescens L., var. disjuncta Fernald, Rubus setosus Bigel, Veronica scutellaria L., Radicula palus- tris L., Melampyrum lineare L., Vaccinium vitis-idea L., var. minor Lodd., Vaccinium canadensis Kalm. Geranium maculatum L., Habenaria bdlephariglottis, Habenaria clavellata, Habenaria obtusata Pursh., Habenaria dilatata (Pursh.) Gray, Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt., Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray, Nymphaea microphylla Pers., Pyrus melanocarpa Michx., Andromeda glaucophylla Link., Calopogon pulchellus (Sw.) R. Br., Acer saccharin- um L., Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her., Rynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl., Rynchospora fusca (L.) Ait., Potentilla palustris Scop., Erisphorum tenellum Nutt., Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Kerr., Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh., Apocyanum androsaemifolium L., Luzula campestris (L.) D. C., var. multifiora (Ehrh) Celak, Salix balsamifera Barrett. VIOLETS COLLECTED AT TYSON Ezra Brainerd The following violets were collected at Tyson, July 1 and 2, 1920: Viola renifolia Gray (typical), intergrading with var. Brainerdii (Greene) Fernald. What is V. misstassinica Greene, Pitt. 4:5, Jan., 1899? A most interesting inquiry. V. incognita Brainerd. V. Selkirkii Pursh. V. septemtrionalis Brainerd. COLLECTED AT MIDDLEBURY V. conspersa « rostrata, May 23, 1920, growing with both parent species. V. affinis LeConte, fis. white, May 23, 1920. V. fimbriatula x conspersa, May 23, 1920, with parent species. a VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 19 V. blanda, growing in spring bogs, is quite distinct from V. blanda in leaf mould of woodlands. In Tryon, N. C., the species is quite glabrous, lacks the characteristic white hairs on the upper surface of the leaf. NEW PLANTS FOR STATE Nellie F. Flynn Three plants new to the State Flora were found by me growing as weeds in the State nursery at Burlington, in June, 1920. They were: Jagged chickweed, Holosteum umbellatum; whitlow grass, Draba verna; and mouseear cress, Sisymbrium Thalianum. In October, I found the pretty spurge, Euphorbia peplus, growing as a weed in gardens and by roadsides in Vergennes. It was, I then supposed, the fourth station in the State, but I have since run across a letter from the late Cyrus G. Pringle to Prof. L. R. Jones, written in the nineties, saying he found the plant in Vergennes in 1873, and probably again at Charlotte, at Horsford’s garden, so it must be the sixth station, and is rather a persistent weed. H. C. Ridlon, in his paper, ‘“‘A Season’s Botanizing in Bennington,” speaks of finding Sedum ternatum and of it not being in the Flora of Vermont. It is not the first station, as Mrs. W. E. Mack, of West Woodstock, has known of a station for it for many years, which should have gone into the Flora, and there is a station for it at Rock Point, in Burlington. Mrs. L. Frances Jolley found horsemint, Monarda punctata, grow- ing in Highgate the past summer. This is the sixth station in the State. A SEASON’S BOTANIZING IN BENNINGTON H. C. Ridlon It was in the month of May, 1920, that I came to Bennington to live, and began seeking, in what to me were new fields, for Nature’s plant treasures. Previously all my botanizing had principally been done in Windsor and Rutland counties, so I hailed with delight this opportunity to find and know the plants which are not often found far from Vermont’s western border. 20 JOINT BULLETIN 7 I did not expect to discover plants new to the State, but to become acquainted with many already known to those whose pleasure it had been to botanize in this section. One of the first flowers to greet me was the large, white trillium, 7. grandiflorum, which bloomed in abundance in many a rich woodland. This trillium I had once col- lected in Indiana, but the western specimens were never as large as the giant blooms found at Bennington. The painted trillium, 7. uwndulatum, was entirely absent, and the purple species, 7. erectum. was found only infrequently. Other early springtime flowers were the same as those collected elsewhere. The latter part of May the purple clematis, C. verticillaris, flaunted its showy purple flowers in a few rocky, wooded places. The wild geranium, G. maculatum, grew abundantly, and in varied habitats, from open mountain slopes to lowland roadsides. Creeping buttercup, R. repens var. glabratus, was discovered ina muddy section of a field, where its mass of creeping plants with flowers of a deep golden hue covered a small area. My next find was one of the orpine family, Sedum ternatum, which grew in scattered groups in a thin, rocky woodland, of a low altitude. This, I believe, is the first time this sedum has been reported from Vermont. Of the many galiums collected, the least common, and the prettiest of the group, were: G. verum., with a mass of delicate yellow bloom; and G. Mollugo. with its equally dainty white flowers. Another plant which, according to the Vermont Flora, was once collected at Charlotte, by the late Dr. Cyrus G. Pringle, is a member of the teasel family, Knautia arrensis. This plant is well established in fields at the Everett farm, and sparingly elsewhere. It is a thrifty grower, and from an esthetic standpoint, highly decorative, but it fruits abundantly, and as its blooming period is from early June to time of killing frosts, it bids fair to become a menace to agriculture. In two old fields, and along an adjacent roadside, the yellow rattle, Rhinanthus Cristagalli, grew in abundance. In consulting the Vermont Flora, I found that this interesting little plant had been previously reported from Bennington by Mrs. Terry, so doubtless the station is the same as she discovered. In thin fields and pasture lands the deptford pink, D. armeria, frequently occurred. Of the orchis group none were often met with, but Spiranthes lucida “cropped up” rather frequently, both in moist fields and along gravelly banks. Members of the mint family were abundant, and my list of those less common elsewhere in the State VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 21 includes: Monarda mollis, rather common here; Blephilia ciliata, fre- quent; and wild marjoram, Origanum vulgare, very common. Along the banks of the Walloomsac River, in certain places, the tall meadow rue, Thdlictrum polyganum, grew to a rank size, and several plants were found bearing purplish colored flowers. Along the same river bank, the rather rare woodbine, Psedera quinquefolia var. hirsuta, was found. A colony of the spiked loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, brightened a small swamp with its tall stalks of purple bloom. Several specimens of the forked catchfly, Silene dichotoma, were collected in a newly seed- ed field near Bennington village. Of the composite group, very interesting were the little heath asters, A. ericoides, and the almost rayless form of the daisy flebane, known as H#. ramosus var. discoideus. The latter was frequent, growing with the type, but I find no previous mention of it in any Vermont list. A list of ferns collected include three which I will mention as being rather uncommon: Goldie’s shield, A. Goldianum; narrow-leaved spleenwort, A. angustifolium; and the broad beech fern, P. hexagon- optera. The coming season, seeking with a renewed interest, I hope to add to the list of plants found in Vermont. NEST OF MOURNING WARBLER George L. Kirk It had been the writer’s desire, for many years, to see the nest of a mourning warbler. Although I had heard the birds singing on the breeding grounds in Vermont many times during a period of 20 years, it had always been in a wide tract of maple sprouts in the mountains, where hunting was an almost hopeless task. On July 29, 1919, while berrying, I heard a mourning warbler sing near some blackberry bushes in a small clearing, at the foot of East Mountain, which borders Rutland Valley on the east. Not knowing whether it was an early migrant or a bird that was singing late on the breeding grounds, I determined to search the place the following season. June 6, 1920, found me on the spot. It was a cold, rainy day, very unfavorable for bird song, but luck favored me, and I heard a mourning warbler singing as I neared the place. Instead of being near the 22 JOINT BULLETIN 7 blackberry patch it was in the top of a 40-foot elm tree at the foot of of a ledge 300 feet lower down the mountain. The cliff did not look like a good nesting spot, but I decided to search it a little, and I had hardly commenced before I found a bulky nest, that looked new to me, under a low growing branch of purple flowering raspberry (Rubus odoratus). The nest had not yet been lined. There was no female bird in sight. The male moved to a tree a hundred yards away and sang, apparently unconcerned. My next visit was on June 10, and the nest was finished and con- tained four eggs. The bird had completed it and laid the four eggs in four days. Again, there was no female bird in sight, and, not being positive of the species to which the nest belonged, I paid it another visit on the 14th. It then contained five eggs, and the female mourning warbler was incubating. This nest was well hidden by the large leaves of the raspberry, and it was supported by slender branches of the bush. The bottom of the nest was only nine inches from the ground. It was much different from the nest of a chestnut-sided warbler and Maryland yellow-throat, which build in somewhat similar situations, the loosely woven grass of the outside reminding one somewhat of a song sparrow’s nest, al- though, of course, the size was smaller. The nest was well cupped and was lined with dark colored rootlets and black hairs. There were a few dead leaves loosely woven into the bottom of the structure, as in the case of a Maryland’s nest. BIRD NOTES Inez Addie Howe During the severe weather of January and February, 1920, pine and evening grosbeaks were very common in St. Johnsbury. From April 8 to 12 a pair of fox sparrows fed at my food shelves, even going into an open shed for grain and crumbs. Winter wrens nested in St. Johnsbury last season. I saw but one ruffed grouse with brood last season, and that was on July 14. Surely there is need of an endless closed season on ruffed grouse if we would preserve the species in Vermont. VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 23 The following list of birds were seen at Neals Lake, in Lunenburg, on September 6: Three spottéd sandpipers, one red-eyed vireo, one blue-headed vireo, three yellow-throated vireos, two black-throated green warblers, four Cape May warblers, six pine warblers, one myrtle warb- ler, one Nashville warbler, two worm-eating warblers, one yellow warbler, one redstart, two black-throated blue warblers, and one Cana- dian warbler. One crested flycatcher, on September 21, was my latest date ever recorded for that species. Crows have been common in St. Johnsbury all winter, but pine siskins and snow buntings are the only winter visitants noted up to January 25, 1921. RARE PLANTS OF WELLS RIVER AND VICINITY Helen Eastman and Wendell P. Smith The following plants are not listed in the Vermont Flora as being found in this region: Botrychium lanceolatum, Botrychium ternatum rutaefolium, On- oclea sensibilis obtusilobata, Lycopodium selago, Aristida dichotoma, Hordeum jubatum, Carex foeneda, Allium Schoenoprasum, Uvularia perfoliata,. Calypso borealis, Corallorhiza odontorhiza, Habenaria blephariglottis, Habenaria dilatata var. media, Habenaria Macrophylla, Carya porcina, Morus rubra, Lychnis alba, Spergularia rubra, Ranun- culus abortivus var. eucyclus, Berieroa incana, Cardamine rhomboidea, Lepidium campestre, Nasturtium officinale, Sisymbrium altissimum. Potentilla recta, Astragalus alpinus, Trifolium incarnatum, Tri- folium medium, Astragulus Canadensis, Oxdlis stricta, Acer saccharum var. nigrum, Chimaphila maculata, Pyrola rotundifolia var. uliginosa, Pyrola secunda var. pumila, Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea var. minus, Convol- vulus sepium var. Americanus, Blephilia ciliata, Lamium maculatum, Dead Nettle, Physostegia Virginiana, Stachys pdlustris, Thymus ser- pyllum, Datura tatula, Physalis pruinosa, Physalis Virginiana, Veronica chamaedrys, Littorella lacustris, Plantago aristata, Lonicera tatarica, Aster Nova-Angliae var. roseus, Aster Novi-Belgii, Aster paniculatus var. bellidiflorus, Cnicus pumilus, Lactuca integrifolia, Petasites palmata. 24 JOINT BULLETIN 7 COLLECTIONS IN WOODSTOCK IN 1920 E. M. Kittredge Owing to my late arrival in Woodstock, much of the work planned during 1919 for 1920 was necessarily postponed to 1921. However, the few weeks of my stay were richly rewarded, especially in the discovery of plants which had vainly been sought during the three previous years. For instance, Dirca palustris had eluded all my efforts and I had given up expecting to find it within the prescribed area, when late in August, numbers of bushes were found on a wooded hillside, where grew also other moisture loving plants, so I think there must be springs on the upper reaches. Although five Viburnums grow so plentifully in my area as to deserve the description “common,” V. dentatum was not seen until the last of my stay, when, hurrying down a pasture hillside to escape a shower, I was attracted by the glow of color in a clump of bushes near the fence, and investigation revealed a thorn-apple not in the collection, and the long-sought Arrow-wood. Each season, of course, reveals plants new to Miss Billings’ col- lection, but not in proper condition at the time of discovery to make good specimens, hence, merely a note can be made of their existence and location, and the hope that the next year will afford opportunity to collect at just the right time. This year I am looking forward to seeing Arethusa at home in a tiny bog located back in the hills, but fortunately well within my territory. Mrs. Mack told me of her station for Sedum ternatum late in 1919—too late for me to look for it. Last year we did visit the station, but so late in the summer we found only empty pods and old leaves, therefore, we still have a pleasant trip to make at flowering time. That same day we visited her station for skunk cab- bage, and collected leaves and fruit. There is much pleasure in the discovery of every plant, no matter how common it may be considered, if it is not in the collection, but I confess to an added satisfaction when the plant is considered rare in the State, and only a few stations are given in the Flora. A full list of the new and rare plants collected last season is appended, but a few deserve special mention. The pale variety of the large coral-root was brought to Miss Billings in June from a nearby swampy woods. The typi- cal form is fairly common around Woodstock, but is not found until late in July and well into August. Miss Billings collected the centaury on the golf grounds the last week in July, when only three flowers were expanded. A later visit to the station was not possible last summer, VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BiRD CLUBS { oF ) but other specimens will be eagerly sought this season. The young trees and seedlings of Picea alba were found in various situations, but always near large plantations of the spruce. We thought some of the little trees must be five or more years old. Most of these new and rare plants were determined at the New York Botanical Garden, and regarding Achillea setacea, Dr. Pannell wrote that it had been reported but twice before in this country. Specimens of several of these new plants have been deposited in the State Herbarium. The others may be found in Miss Billings’ herbarium if necessary. Aspidium pittsfordense, A. cristatum « Filiz-mas, A. Goldianum «x marginale, Botrychium, lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum, B. terna- tum var. rutaefolium, Lycopodium complanatum, L. lucidulum var. porophilum, Selaginella apus, Picea alba, Potamogeton foliosus, P. Oakesianus, Bromus altissimus, B. purgans var. glabrescens, Elymus riparius, Muhlenbergia foliosa, Panicum philadelphicum, Zizania aqua- tica, Carex tricocharpa, Scirpus georgeanus, proliferous form, S. rubro- tinctus var. conferius, Stenophyllus capillaris, Convallaria majalis, Corallorrhiza maculata var. flavida, Epipactis decipiens, Habenaria lacera x psycodes, not Andrewsii, Rumez altissimus, R. crispus x obtusi- folius, Lychnis coronaria, Silene Armeria, Actea alba x rubra, white fruits, Lepidium campestre, Amelanchier canadensis x laevis, A. san- guinea, Pyrus Aucuparia, Rosa Lyoni, R. tomentosa, Centaurium um- bellatum, Asclepias purpurascens, Salvia officinalis, Linaria canadensis, Galium Mollugo, Houstonia coerulea var. Faxonorum,. Achillea setacea, Aster novae-angliae var. roseus, Helianthus strumosus, Hieracium florentinum. SIMILARITY IN NESTS OF BICKNELL’S THRUSH George L. Kirk There is more than ordinary interest in searching for the nests of one of the shyest of our birds in a place where man seldom goes for a similar purpose, and thus it was with great expectations that Duane E. Kent, of Rutland, and the writer, set out soon after daylight on June 27, 1920, to examine the stunted spruces and balsams on the cone of Mount Killington, after having spent a- night in one of the Green Mountain Company’s shacks. The avian fauna at this elevation, 3,700 to 4,100 feet, is limited, in the Green Mountains, being restricted 9 < _ —_— 26 JOINT BULLETIN 7 largely to Bicknell’s and olive-backed thrushes, juncoes, myrtle, black- poll and Nashville warblers, chickadees, white-throated sparrows, and brown creepers. It was the first named birds that we were chiefly interested in, so we went at once to the dark evergreen thickets, where we frequently heard the call and, less often, the peculiar song of the Bicknell’s coming out of the fog. Half a day’s search was rewarded with the finding of five occupied nests and one deserted one, containing addled eggs. The contents of these nests ranged from one fresh egg to a full set of four that had been incubated about a week, showing considerable variation in the nesting habits of different pairs of birds on the same site. With the exception of one nest, which was in greatly stunted spruces on a ledge and only three feet from the ground, the homes of these thrushes were seven to nine feet from the ground. Each occupied a similar position in the peak of a small evergreen. The similarity of the nests, with one exception, was striking. They were compactly built, which gave them the appearance of being smaller than the other thrushes, and the lining of black rootlets in one was just like any of the others. The body of the nest was made up of grasses and fine twigs, but in each instance these were covered over on the out- side with a moss, Hypnum shreberi, although many other kinds of mosses grew abundantly about. The one nest which varied greatly from the others resembled those of the olive-backed thrush in that it was more grassy on the outside and more loosely constructed than those of the Bicknell’s thrushes. The eggs, too, in the spotting, were nearer to Swainsoni than Bicknelli, and the background was lighter, as in the olive-back’s eggs. The bird was collected to make sure of the identification. Another interesting nest, which was found on this trip, was one of a blackpoll warbler, which was out on the end of a limb, five and a half feet from the trunk of a tree, instead of being near the bole, as is usual. This was in a large tree, the blackpoll generally selecting small ones at this place. A white-throated sparrow nesting at 3,700 feet altitude, and a slate colored junco with a set of five eggs instead of the almost invari- able four, were other interesting discoveries of the day on Vermont’s skyline. VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 27 NOTES Aspidium F ia es on Mount Horrid “Toward the latter part of the season of 1921,” whites D. Lewis Dutton, of Brandon, “I made a trip to Mount Horrid, in Rochester, collecting lichens. I had a rather successful day, gathering some 26 or 28 different species, and, thinking it time to leave the ledges, started over them directly toward the road, instead of taking the shorter cut to the east, as I had usually done. Among the broken rocks, I dis- covered what I at first took to be Woodsia ilvensis, growing on a per- pendicular south-exposed rock. I took along a bit of it, wondering why it had not lost its old fronds of the year before. When I compared it with herbarium material, I discovered that what I had was not woodsia, but a small form of Aspidium fragrans. The fronds were about three inches long. As yet I have no idea about the quantity that may be found on Mount Horrid. With the exception of the Hubbardton sta- tion, it is the most southerly in the State.” Hartland Nature Club Work The work of the Hartland Nature Club, which was largely sus- pended during the World War, has been resumed, Miss Nancy Darling, of Woodstock, reports, with Miss Elizabeth Billings, of Woodstock, as president, and the special topic for study being mosses. An interesting program has been prepared for 1921. Rumex Alpinus L. in This Country This European dock, which resembles in its leaves the familiar rhubarb of the gardens, was found, for the first time in this country, in the town of Plymouth, by Mrs. W. E. Mack, Mrs. H. E. Haselton, and Miss E. M. Kittredge, during the annual summer meeting of the Vermont Botanical Club, held at Tyson, July 1 to 3, 1920. The first plants discovered were in the near vicinity of an old house, but later the collectors found plants following a small brook through the field, and at a still later visit discovered the plants in other fields, always near the brook or in swampy situations. Several young plants were taken and sent to various gardens, where their growth will be watched with much interest. The plant is a native of the high mountains of Europe. 28 JOINT BULLETIN 7 Note on Mourning Warbler On the morning of May 15, 1920, Mrs. Evaline Darling Morgan observed a female mourning warbler at Woodstock. It was feeding close to the ground, and was so intent upon getting its breakfast that she was able to get close to it to notice its distinctly blue-gray head, brilliant yellow underparts, and absence of wing bars. The spot . where she observed this rare bird for Woodstock was near a deep water hole that is surrounded by willows and other small growth, and it lies at the bottom of a heavily wooded range. Nothing could be more remote and secluded. On the following morning, she again visited the spot where she found the female, and in the near-by willows, discovered its mate, with its mottled throat. It was very much shyer, and paused often in its feeding to sit perfectly still. Neither uttered a note. The next morning they were both gone. Birds Stayed Late in 1920 Because of the unusually mild weather in the fall of 1920, many birds remained in Vermont far beyond their usual time for migrating southward. Some very interesting records were: Chimney swifts at Rutland, October 4; barn and cliff swallows at North Ferrisburgh, October 3. Two juncoes spent the entire winter of 1920-21 in a patch of spruces near Rutland. The wintering of this bird in Central Vermont is very rare. Their companions included many white-winged cross- bills, and a dozen or more golden-crowned kinglets, showing that the kinglets, which seemed uncommon for several seasons, are “coming back.”—G. L. Kirk. One Financial Account for Clubs Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, secretary-treasurer of the Botanical and Bird Clubs, recommends that the Clubs become to all intents and purposes one club, with one financial account; that the constitutions be revised to that effect; and that the annual dues be raised to $1. This may be considered at the next meeting. Bulletins Wanted Copies of Birp CLusp BULLETINS Nos. 2, 6, 7, and 8 are wanted by Harry C. Oberholzer, of the Biological Survey, United States Depart- VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BIRD CLUBS 29 - ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. A reasonable price, up to 50 cents a number, will be paid for them by him. Nature Book List Wanted Mrs. A. B. Morgan, of Woodstock, would like a list of the newest and best books for nature students published in the BULLETIN, and also something about the insect pests of Vermont. Mrs. Anne T. Angell, of Brattleboro, would like to see a list of publications by the State, or by Departments at Washington, that would be of especial interest to Club members. Another suggestion comes from Miss Eliza- beth Billings, of Woodstock, who would like a comparison of the floras of eastern and western Vermont published in the BULLETIN. Mrs. H. H. Blanchard, of Springfield, asks for information about Vermont mushrooms and shells. New Hepatic for State Miss Annie Lorenz, of Hartford, Conn., reports that one new hepatic has been found for the State, making the Vermont list 130. It is Fossombronia foveolata Lindb. It was collected by her at Grand Isle, in August, 1919. Pink Pond Lilies Found A pink form of the pond lily, Castalia odorata, was found in a pond of rather high elevation, near Newbury, Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn reports. Mrs. Flynn would like to hear from any person who has ever seen pink tinged lilies of this type in Vermont. Shall We Consolidate Meetings? It has been suggested that on account of the slim attendance lately at the winter meetings, due to cold weather and the expense of travel, the summer and winter meetings be combined in one large summer meeting, using the evenings for the reading and discussion of papers. This will probably be taken up at the next meeting. Hawk Owl in Rutland A hawk owl was observed in Rutland, on November 27, 1920, by G. L. Kirk, the bird remaining about nearly a week, or until a consid- erable fall of snow caused it to change its feeding ground. It was seen daily, as darkness was falling, flying over the meadowlands, close to the ground, having much the appearance of a marsh hawk. 30 : JOINT BULLETIN 7 CONSTITUTIONS OF CLUBS Botanical Club Section 1. This shall be known as the Vermont Botanical Club. Section 2. The object of the association is to promote friendly intercourse among the students of botany in Vermont, and to secure a more thorough knowledge of the flora of the State. Section 3. The officers of the Club shall be a president, vice-presi- dent, secretary-treasurer, editor, and librarian, and three additional members who are to act with the other officers as an executive com- mittee. These officers are to be elected annually at the winter meeting. Section 4. Each year there shall be two regular meetings of the Club, one in January, and one in July, at such places as may be desig- nated by the Club or its officers. Section 5. Any student of botany, whose name is proposed by two members of the Club, may be elected a member by a vote of the Club at any regular meeting. Section 6. An annual fee of fifty cents shall be paid by each mem- ber. This shall be due at the time of the annual winter meeting. The money thus received may be used by the officers to meet the current expenses of the Club, and for such other purposes as the Club may direct. Section 7. Any member may, in lieu of annual fees, pay a single life membership fee of ten dollars. Unless otherwise instructed by special vote of the Club, the treasurer shall reserve and invest all such life membership fees as a permanent fund of which the interest shall be available for annual expenses. The treasurer is further authorized to receive and add to such permanent fund any special contributions made for such purpose. In case any single special contribution amounts to twenty-five dollars or more, the contributor shall be designated a - patron, and shall, as such, be entitled to all the privileges of regular life membership. Section 8. This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any regular meeting, provided the amendment has been proposed at a previous meeting. Bird Club Section 1. This organization shall be called the Vermont Bird Club. Section 2. The objects of this Club shall be: To afford a con- venient means of communication between those persons in the State VERMONT BOTANICAL AND BirpD CLUBS 31 who are interested in the study of birds; to collect and preserve in- formation concerning those species found in the State; to create and encourage an interest in birds; to promote scientific investigation; and to procure protection to useful birds. SecTION 3. The officers of the Club shall be a president, vice-presi- dent, secretary-treasurer, auditor, and an executive committee, consist- ing of five members. The officers shall be elected annually. SEcTION 4. Any person willing to aid in the objects named in Section 2 is eligible to membership, and may be elected at any regularly called meeting by vote of a majority of members. SECTION 5. The annual dues shall be 50 cents. SECTION 6. Meetings may be called by the officers at such time and place as may, to them, seem best. SecTIoN 7. This constitution may be amended by a majority vote of members present at any regular meeting, providing notice thereof has been given at least one month in advance. MEMBERS ELECTED DURING YEAR Botanical Club pe GIS) SUE Ge het in a eelaiaieleis,sis.0 die +a « icra. Enosburg Falls, Vt. POPU Leen PRICE legato erste sn, Sens a's'e, aie sia aie wie/ere The Tavern, Grafton, Vt. WETS VWI AA. MEIC ee Slee hese caees 292 Pearl Street, Burlington, Vt. PUTO TT GIO tr . 6 ¥.6e seek 2b 08 Owes 238 College Street, Burlington, Vt. Bits -atired WH. Giliert. oe ec. sa kee. 238 College Street, Burlington, Vt. TPE ct eee MTR ISDE Dig Bt er ea oie co lal go b.w au wei osm ete widinve face ae Grafton, Vt. PUN OC MEE OE UT Ot ine teie tte s laidiaw-aip,ee fa, epee acs State School, Vergennes, Vt. TAQTN GY.) So PPQUBG oh) aalavadis «c's aa State Botanical Museum, Albany, N. Y. Mrs. Jessie Louise Jacobs........ 146 Williams Street, Burlington, Vt. Maret aCe ee ee eco. ue occ 39 Nichols Street, Rutland, Vt. IE EOL days Nay Pte Cee I tard 6 ice bein a sipls ee Weis gk he oie Alstead, N. H. Miss Caroalyiy Nye... is). ssi « ..454 South Union Street, Burlington, Vt. See LCC erates ett ahs OR EMME 8). a a afviia-eiala'e'd d's ogee a's Framingham, Mass. NAMES OMITTED FROM LAST LIST BY ERROR WOePrnon Ad BMAP.) s. 6 eG abi cc ee 183 College Street, Burlington, Vt. Pt eeMeIOOV GT. wics owt kee dose Dawe wd es Main Street, Hingham, Mass. JOINT BULLETIN 7 oh) bo CHANGES OF ADDRESS Miss Anne’ T; Anvrell:. S07. °). ha ee McVeigh Farm, Brattleboro, Vt. Stewart H. Burnham Department of Botany, College of Agriculture, Ithaca, N. Y. Lowis “Si. ' Fitet) Sosa: SOILS 292 Pearl Street, Burlington, Vt. Frea'G: Floyd i). Fea A 69 Perham Street, West Roxbury, Mass. Mrs. James Hartness............... 30 Orchard Street, Springfield, Vt. Miss Hisie M. Kittredge: ...:2.03. ANZ Ree ee ee Proctor, Vt. Miss! Addie Ti, Read! . 3.0) 205,205,015 R. F. D. No. 1, Brattleboro, Vt. Harry. C.. Hidion. ... ...¢ 002k Green Mountain School, Bennington, Vt. Miss Estelle Smith. oo. 22.0 0 Ge, 15 Loomis Street, Burlington, Vt. Miss Phoebe M: Towle. ....¢..25204..2 323 Pearl Street, Burlington, Vt. Dr.. W.. Godfrey Watt. «oss 0050.05) Po t0a oe. Soe eee Vergennes, Vt. G. Phineas W. Whiting St. Stephen’s School, Annandale-on-Hudson, N. Y. Bird Club HONORARY MEMBERS T. Gilbert Paaraeh..; sat: 04 +s har eee 1974 Broadway, New York City Edward Howe Forbush................ 136 State House, Boston, Mass. NEW MEMBERS George E. L. Badlam..... isk). lésiee 92 Center Street, Rutland, Vt. Mrs. George FE. ‘1. Badlam: oo... Visvau. 92 Center Street, Rutland, Vt. Mra. Ruth Butterfield : 0 ois oo Sere eee ae North Montpelier, Vt. Mrs. Olin ‘DD. ‘Gays. Oo. isaac: fet er ee ce eee Se Cavendish, Vt. Miss: Lydia Haller. occ iis gat ee es State School, Vergennes, Vt. Mra. OU. ‘Vi Maees . 2504, cA cutee eee 39 Nichols Street, Rutland, Vt. Miss Miva’ Meigs. 2.3/0. 2.0 eden wun a ates ood ee as 2 ee Vergennes, Vt. Mrs. Fred V: Perking.: ov). U.0.%.. SoG. cee. one ees ae Cavendish, Vt. Mra: Ina B.-Prage ss os. Ce oo. oo. Ses ee eee North Montpelier, Vt. Dr.’ Vaece WW: WabermMan. . occu. Gewese oe + Sie RR Teese 3 Vergennes, Vt. Mrs. Vance W. Waterman: .. ... oc afew fo ce eee Vergennes, Vt. 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