'''<5

v>

\y

fournal

OF THE

®aBt ^frira Jiatnral ^iatora ^acwtg

OFHCIAL PUBLICATION OF THE CORYNDON MEMORIAL MUSEUM
(MUSEUMS TRUSTEES OF KENYA)

_J

1950

Vol. XX

Not-S-aasd -1 (90)

CONTENTS :

Editor^s Note 27S

A Cheddist of the Land Mammals of the TanganyUut Territory and the Zanzibar
Protectorate

By G. H. Swynnerton, F.Z.S. and R. W. Haymanj F.Z.S. . 274

A Collection of Aquatic Hemiptera from Kenya
By E. S. Brown, B.A., F.R.E.S.

New Species of African Staphylinidae Part II

By Malcolm Cameron, R.N., M.B., F.R.E.S,

. 393

. 39S

Editor:

C. A. W. GuGGISBSRG, M.SC., m^.o.u.

Date of Publication: February 1951

-jm-

■(

Additional copies to members: 9/-; non-members, 15/-

Printed and Published by E.A. Standard Ltd., Nairobi

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

East Africa Natural History Society

Patrom:

His Excellency Sm Philip Mitchell,

Sir Henry Moore, g.c.m.g.

Air Vice-MarsM Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, g.c.v.o., kx.b., c.m.g., d.s.Oo, a.f.c.

President:

Dr, a. Mc>K,, Fleming, m.c., m.b., b,s,, d.t.m.&h.

Vice-President and Hon. Librarian :

A. F, J. GeDYE, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S,

Executive Commttee:

H. Jo Alien Torner, Esq.

P. Ro O. Bally, Esq.

A. Bogdan, Cand. of Bio!, Sc,. (Rostow)

H. Copley, :Bq,

J. G. Williams, m.b,o.u.

Hon. Secretary:

Miss P. M. Allen, m

Hon. Treasurer:

Miss M. Ball

Hon. Editor:

C. A. W. GUGGISBERG, M.SCo, MoB.O.U.

Hon. Assistant Librarian:

Mrs. Ro Guggisberg

All correspondence in connection with this Journal should be addressed to the Hon. Editor i
P. O. Box 141, Nairobi.

Col. Ho ML Cowie
J. So Karmali, b.pharm.,

PHoCo, DoBoA.

R. Wo Rayner, b.Ao,

AoI.CoT.A,

EoAo NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, P.0, Box 658, NAIROBI, Kenya Colony,

ERRATA to the JOURNAL of the SOCIETY,

With the issue of the Journal of the Society in 1950 and.
subsequently there has, owing to several errors, been considerable
confusion over Volume and Serial numbering and pagination. In
order to regularize the position you are requested to amend all
Journals from 1950 to 1952 on the following lines

Journal incorrectly
published as ’

1950 Vol.XX Nosc 6 & 7 (90)
pagination 274 to 407

1952 Vol.XX No,l (91)
pagination 408 to 463

Dec, 1952 Vol, XX No. 2 (92)
pagination 57 to 79

Correc:t numbering etc, «f
the Journal is : ~

Vol. XX No.l (90)
pagination 1 to 134

Vol, XXI No.l (91)
pagination 1 to 56.

Vol, XXI No. 2 (92)
pagination 57 to 79

The correct sequence is therefore as follows

December, 1946
1947 - 1948
1950
1952

December, 1952
April, 1953

Vol. XIX Nos, 3 & 4

Vol, XIX No. 5

Vol. XX No.l

Vol, XXI No.l

Vol. XXI No. 2

Vol.XXll No.l

(87 and 88)

(89)

(90) as amended

(91) as amended

(92) as amended

(93) latest issue

-7^ '

L

7 n G -t

:-aG ; o;l

'i? ■

;g:\: ■ ':-o'.; jo

•«.'!3‘I.O“/‘i. .'■■ .,!■ ■.*■■£© Vi.-'
..• li? 7iii ■■ ^rA.k-ri'
J;v^ vt'fiis-i:''C‘f/,r, ■■ ,^‘iv:} .yo'’ ‘

5;.,

■:„r,r-i; x;- -r

'■.',0" r ■£:■■■ -...oV ;

U ;» loV

^wo.ii'v'1:

■' .V:.K;i. v'i'O <
L'i.

- ':
t iio 'riQ}

(ijfjj

1,0s.*;

u^yy.

i Cr.fe' )..';

;■ lo : 3. irW' :£:■

' f|i:f '''

■■■i:a.r'j I. oV TA'; KO j: .&o'^ < to<-> ' - •■■

d'A -jh a£- 'xdbdo / ■

' Gd .oSA'.X, • ,

Y. I. ;?' 3 e*i'd; C' „ i.;??;^ i£i^;c '0 ■ '

••■* ■ "■ -: f-' ■

TOi' uT dA';.7t ,

. ..(Xv) '

(■C:e;: 3^:^; -XqV

'G'^ od-

;d , ^30!':;. , .’KdCX^' -i>?>'/' . .' , «/X? G , V‘xed'i^j;5y©Q!;.,, 11
.i.oi'f XXX vrc-i" ■ dMi' W.Z
,!X:oA g, XX ,« to ■ ^ym^l '

z.on . ^ ixk.tov':.; scox

' ,OY .rXX ».X;:)V '

Soc,. ^7

Journal of the East Africa
Natural History Society

1950

Vol. XX

■J^(X-6-an<l-7 (90)

Pf. /-I'Si

EDITOR’S NOTE

The Editor wishes to appeal to field-naturalists all over East Africa to
send in their observations for publication in the Journal of the East
African Natural History Society. What is especially wanted are notes on
distributionj habits, behaviour, food, breeding, etc,, of East African
mammals, birds, reptiles, batrachians, fish and invertebrates, zoological
or botanical monographs, based on field work, dealing with single
species or with entire groups, faunal or floral surveys of certain areas,
as v/ell as notes on geological or meteorological phenomena. A special
appeal goes to the members of the Game Departments of the three
territories, to the Wardens of the Royal National Parks of Kenya, and
to White Hunters and Sportsmen, all of whom are in a favourable
position to add to our knowledge of African Wild Life. Their field
observations would supplement admirably the valuable papers of a
more systematic nature, which, it is hoped, will also come in, in steadily
increasing numbers.

C.A.W. GUGGISBERG

JUN g6 l9Sf

274

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

A Checklist of the Land Mammals

OF THE

Tanganyika Territory

AND THE

Zanzibar Protectorate

By

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S.,

Game Wardc'.iy Game Preservation Department y Tanganyika Territory ,

and

R. W. HAYMAN, F.Z.S.,

Senior Experimental Officer, Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History)

CONTENTS

PAGE

1. Foreword 277

2. Introduction 278

3. Systematic List of Species and Subspecies: No. of Forms* 280

Insectivora

Chrysochloridce (Golden “ Moles ”) •

2

(-)

280

Erinaceidce (Hedgehogs)

2

(1)

280

Macroscelididce (Elephant Shrews) ....

17

(3)

281

Soricida (Shrews)

25

(4)

283

Chiroptera

Pteropodidce (Fruit-eating Bats) ....

12

(5)

286

Emballonuridce (Sheath-tailed Bats) ....

4

(2)

288

Nycteridce (Hollow-faced Bats) ....

9

(3)

289

Megadermatidce (Big-eared Bats ....

2

(2)

290

Rhinolophidce (Horseshoe Bats) ....

8

(1)

291

Hipposideridce (Leaf-nosed Bats ....

6

(3)

291

Vespertilionidce (Simple-nosed Bats)

19

(9)

291

Molossidce (Free-tailed Bats)

n

(5)

295

1951 G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.z.s.j Checklist of Land Mammals

PAGE

Primates

Lorisidce (Galagos, Bush-babies) ....

10

(6)

297

Cercopithecidce (Monkeys, Baboons) ....

23

(8)

298

Pongidce (Apes)

1

ir)

302

Hominidce (Man) .......

302

Pholidota

Manidce (Pangolins, Ant-eaters)

1

(1)

302

Lagomorpha

Leporidce (Hares, Rabbits)

5

(2)

303

Rodentia

Bathyergidcs (Blesmols)

7

(1)

304

Echimyidce (Cane Rats)

2

(1)

305

Hystricidce (Porcupines)

6

(1)

305

Caviidce (Guinea-pigs) ......

306

Sciuridce (Squirrels) ......

19

(7)

306

Anomaliiridce (Flying Squirrels) ....

2

(2)

309

Pedetidce (Spring Haas) ......

2

(1)

310

Gliridce (Dormice)

5

(1)

310

Muridce (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, etc.) ....

93

(21)

211

Carnivora

Canidce (Dogs, Jackals, Foxes) ....

5

(4)

324

Mvstelidcs (Polecats, Weasels, Ratels, Otters)

5

(4)

325

Viverridce (Genets, Civets, Mongooses)

32

(14)

327

Hycenidce (Hyaenas, Arad-wolf)

3

(2)

332

Felidce (Cats, Leopards, Lions, Cheetahs)

8

(6)

333

Tubulidentata

Orycteropodidce (Aardvarks, Ant-bears)

1

(1)

336

Proboscidea

Elephantidce (Elephants)

1

(1)

337

Hyracoidea

Procaviidce (Hyraxes, Rock-rabbits) ....

12

(5)

337

Perissodactyla

Equida (Horses, Asses, Zebras) ....

1

(2)

339

Rhinocerotidce (Rhinoceroses)

1

(1)

339

276

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Manmals

VoL. XX

PAGE

Artiodactyla

Suidce (Pigs) 4 (2) 340

Hippopotamidce (Hippopotamuses) . . . . 1 (1) 341

Camelidce (Camels) . 341

Giraffidce (Giraffes) 1 (1) 341

Bovidce (Antelopes, Cattle, Sheep, Goats) . . 70 (32) 342

4. References 356

5. Gazetteer of Localities 359

6. Index 370

* Animals which have been introduced under domestication, and man, are not included in these
figures. Numbers in parentheses indicate the nvunb^ of forms recorded by Matschie (1895).

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, F.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

277

1. FOREWORD

This checklist of the land mammals of Tanganyika Territory by Messrs. Swynnerton
and Ha3Tnan will be welcomed by all who are interested in East African faunas, and will
be especially valuable to zoologists.

Such a checklist, carefully compiled, has long been needed and it is to be hoped that
comparable lists for Kenya and Uganda will be prepared in the not too distant future ,

This checklist with its carefully compiled data showing the knovm distribution of
each form is of particular interest because mammals of Africa play such an important
role in so many branches of economic research today.

The value of the present paper has been greatly enhanced by the diligence and ex-
treme care with which Mr. Swynnerton has checked all the available data, not only
from published works but in many Museums.

So many of the diseases which affect both man and his domestic animals can be
linked in one way or another with the indigenous mammalian faunas, that it is vital to
research workers in fields other than mammalogy to have access to good records of the
distribution of the many genera and species.

It is unfortunately only too true that the opening up of the country economically,
by such means as the vast clearing for groundnuts and bush clearing and game reduction
for Tsetse control, probably foreshadows the doom of many animals, except in special
reserves and National Parks, while nature, too, is playing its part in this respect as witness
to the virtual extinction of the Hippopotamus in the Rukwa basin during a recent drought.

Now that an up-to-date checklist of Tanganyika land mammals has been made
available it is to be hoped that numerous observers will be stimulated to collect more
data, not only on distribution, but still more on habits, local migrations and breeding
rates, etc.

The East African Natural History Society is delighted to have been able to assist in
publishing this most valuable paper and will be only too glad to offer its pages to persons
who can extend the value of this paper by additional information.

L. S. B. LEAKEY,
Curator,

Coryndon Museum

278 G. H. SwYNNERTON, v.z.s.y Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. XE

2. INTRODUCTION

The publication in 1939 of G. M. Allen’s comprehensive Checklist of African
Mammals provided zoologists and others concerned witd the mammalian fauna of the
continent with an invaluaole reference work. With its classihed hst of all the technical
names applied from Linnaeus (1758J down to 1938, it has simplihed very greatly the
work of mammalogists and has proved an indispensable starting point for further investi-
gations.

The present Checklist of the recorded mammals of Tanganyika Territory and the
adjacent Zanzibar Protectorate is ottered in the belief that further separate lists for each
main division of the continent, expanded by the addition of recorded locahties for each
species, may help to draw attention, within each territory, to the rich mammalian fauna,
and stimulate local interest with the object of hlUng in the numerous gaps in the published
information on status, distribution, etc. It is also hoped that other workers in the biolo-
gical held, such as agriculturists, medical entomologists, pest control workers, and so on,
who not infrequently have occasion to refer to the local mammals in the course of their
investigations, may rind such a list of some value. A further point is that the modern
developments now changing or threatening to change, so much of the surface of Africa,
are bound to have a serious effect on the fauna and ttora, and the mammalian population,
in particular, is hkely to suffer great changes in numbers and status. Conservation
measures will be unlikely to have much effect except in those areas set aside as reserves
or national parks, where, it is to be hoped, the hand of “ progress ” will not be welcomed.
In all other areas the easy access by mechanical transport, the increase and shifting of
native populations, the large-scale agricultural developments now in progress and not
least, the long-term possibijities of opening up to domestic stock, through the scientific
developments leading to tlie control of nagana, immense areas of virgin bush, are all
factors that are hkely to give a present-day list of the mammals and their distribution
a historical value before many years have passed.

There has been only one previous attempt to list the Tanganyika mammals, and that
was over fifty years ago. In 1895 Matschie pubhshed an account of the mammalian
fauna as then known, with descriptions and notes on habits, which, though useful at the
time, was necessarily sketchy in places owing to the inadequate exploration of the country
at that time. Although it is true to say that there are still parts of Tanganyika unexplored
zoologically, the progress made since 1895 is illustrated by a comparison of Matschie’s
total of some 166 forms with the 437 recorded in the present work. Although it does not
seem likely that any striking discoveries remain to»be made in the area under review,
there is every reason to expect that closer investigation will add to the range of the known
forms, will reveal further local races of established species, and will add to the Tanganyika
list some forms found hitherto only over the border in the adjacent territories.

From the early travellers and naturalists, among whom Stulilmann and Emin did
pioneer work, down to the present day, there have been many who have added their
quota of knowledge to the accumulating store of information on which local faunas,
and eventually general natural histories, are based. Of living persons, none has contri-
buted more tJ our knowledge than Arthur Loveridge whose many collecting expeditions
during the past thirty-five years have filled in numerous gaps.

The general system of classification adopted here is that proposed by Simpson
(1945) down to genera, while Allen (1939) has been followed in most cases for the species
and subspecies. An exception is made in the case of Rodents where we have followed
the recent work of Ellerman (1940, 1941, 1950). There has been no attempt to provide
a systematic revision of any group, however desirable such a revision might be; such work
would be outside the scope of this list. In a few particular instances we have not adhered
to the authorities quoted in their usage of certain names, mainly because of a wish to
avoid introducing confusion among readers who may be famihar with long-established
scientific names. An instance is Simpson’s use of the generic name Strepsiceros to include

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

279

not only the Kudus but (possibly as subgenera) Tragelaphus (Bushbucks) and Limno-
tragus (Sitatungas). In this case we have thought it less confusing to continue to use
the well-estabhshed names Tragelaphus and Linmotragus as full genera.

In its arrangement the present work falls into three sections. The first and major
part is the list of recorded names. Under the headings of Orders, Families and Genera
the scientific name of each form is given, together with its autiior and a reference to the
original publication m winch it was described. All these original references have been
checked during the preparation of this paper. Although the original references to nearly
all the forms quoted may be found in Alien (1939), tney are given here for the sake of
completeness and to assist those who are unable to refer to Allen’s work. While checking
references, full use has been made of the MS notes added to many of the books in the
libraries of the British Museum (Natural History) giving the results of Sherbom’s,
and others’, researches into the dates of publication of these works or of the parts of
wliich they are composed. 1 he abbreviations used for scientific periodicals follow those
given in the World List of Scientific Periodicals (ed. 2, 1934). Synonyms, which would
add greatiy to tlie bulk of the work without forming a corresponding addition to its
usefulness, are not given here except in those few instances where we differ from Allen,
Ellerman, or Simpson.

In deciding to which author any particular scientific name should be credited we have
followed the dictates of custom rather than adhering strictly to the Rules of Zoological
Nomenclature. For instance, we have followed most current authors in crediting
certain names to Brisson (1762) and Oken (1816), and in considering the use of these
names by these authors as valid. Hopwood (1947: 533) and Hershkovitz (1949: 289)
have proposed respectively that generic names first used by Brisson in the second edition
of his Regnum Animale (1762), and by Oken in his Lehrbuch der Naturgeichichte (1816)
are non-Linntean and therefore not available. It would appear best to refer the question
of the validity or otherwise of names appearing in these two works to the International
Commission of Zoological Nomenclature for their ruling.

Wherever possible, English and/or Kiswahili names are also given.

The type-locality of each form is given after its name and reference. In the case of
Tanganyika localities the details of latitude and longitude are not given in the text since
they are included in the gazetteer at the end. In the case of type-localities outside Tanga-
nyika full details of latitude, longitude and altitude are given where possible.

Records of occurrence are listed by Districts, a comma separating localities within
the same District, and a semicolon separating localities in different Districts. These re-
cords of occurrence are compiled from three main sources: (1) pubhshed records in the
literature, (2) British Museum (Natural History) records of specimens in the collection,
p) personally collected data. It is hoped that the publication of these occurrence records,
inadequate as they may be in many cases, may lead to the local gaps in our knowledge
being filled by fresh investigation.

Species and subspecies which have been introduced under domestication are
included in the list but are distinguished from the indigenous fauna by being shown
enclosed in parentheses. Any taxonomic notes necessary are given as footnotes.

The second part of the work, the bibliography, consists of a list of all the papers and
books dealing with Tanganyika mammals, either directly or indirectly, consulted during
the preparation of this work, or of importance in relation to the systematics or distribution
of some of the groups under discussion.

The concludmg part of the work, the gazetteer, contains an alphabetical list of
all the Tanganyika localities mentioned in the Checklist. The name of each locality is
followed by the political District in which it occurs, altitude to the nearest hundred
feet (usually), and the latitude and longitude. Where a locality is situated on a moun-
tain the name of the mountain is also given. The quotation of latitude and longimde
jS considered of more importance than the name of the pohiical Distr ict since the

280

VOL. XX

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

boundaries and even the names of the latter are not infrequently changed, and in any case
many localities are so obscure that exact fixing of their position is only possible by
citing latitude and longitude.

We are indebted to various helpers who have given us records of occurrence, in
particular Dr. C. H. N. Jackson and Messrs. C. J. P. lonides and B. Cooper; and to
Mrs. L. R. Swynnerton and Mrs. S. N. Hannam for assistance during the preparation of
this paper. We also acknowledge our indebtedness to the staffs of the Mammal Room
and the General and Zoological Libraries of the British Museum (Natural History), and
the Radcliffe Science Library at Oxford, for guidance while unravelling several taxonomic
problems and assistance in tracing many obscure references in old books and periodicals.

3, SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES, \¥ITH NOTES
ON DISTRIBUTION

Order INSECTIVORA Bowdich.

Family CHRYSOCHLORIDAE Mivart. Golden “ Moles. ”

Kiswahili : fuko.

Genus Chlorotalpa Roberts.

1924. Chlorotalpa Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus. 10: 64, 31 Jan. Genotype, by
original designation, Chrysochloris duthieae Broom.

Chlorotalpa stuhlmanni (Matschie). Ruwenzori Golden Mole.

1894. Chrysochloris stuhlmanni Matschie, S.B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1894: 123.
Karevia, 4,000 feet, Butagu River, in Ukonjo, west slopes of Mt. Ruwenzori, Belgian
Congo [0° 20' N., 29° 46' E.] [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Kayman, 1946: 393].

Records. — Uzungwa Mts. at Ihanganya, IGgogo, Ludilo; Livingstone Mts. at
Madehani; Rungwe Mt. in the Nkuka Forest; Poroto Mts.

Chlorotalpa tropicalis G. M. Allen and Loveridge. Ulugurn Golden Mole.

1927. Chlorotalpa tropicalis G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Proc. Boston Soc. nat.
Hist. 38: 418, Dec. Bagiro, ca 6,000 feet, north slopes of Uluguru Mts., Morogoro
District, Tanganyika Territory,

Racord.-— Known only from the type-locality.

Family ERINACEIDAE Bonaparte. Hedgehogs.

Kiswahili: kalunguyeye.

Genus Atelerix PomeJ. African Hedgehogs.

1848. Atelerix Pomel, Arch. Sci. phys. nat. 9: 251, Nov. As a subgenus of Erina-
ceus Linnaeus; genotype, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat.
Hist. 1: 195, Feb.), Erinaceus albiventris Wagner.

Atelerix pruneri hindei (Thomas). Ukamba Hedgehogs.

1910. Erinaceus hindei Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 193, Feb. Kitui, 3,500
feet, in Ukamba, Kitui District, Kenya Colony [1° 22' S., 38° 1' E].

Records. — Southern Masailand, south of Naabi Hill; Mpwapwa; Mbulu; Irangi,
Isabi, Kondoa, KwaMtoro; Dodoma; Ikungi, Puma, Singida, Ushora; Ukara
Island; Shinyanga; Tabora.

Atelerix pruneri kilimanus Thomas. Kilimaajaro Hedgehogs.

1918. Atelerix kilimanus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 232, March. Rombo,
5,300 feet, south-east slopes of Kilimanjaro, Moshi District, nortliern Tanganyika
Territory.

Record.— Ysitmn only from the type-locality.

Jan. 1951

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Matnmah

281

Family MACROSCELIDIDAE Mivart. “ ElepEasit Shrews.”

Kiswahili; sange.

Genus Nasilio Thomas and Schwann.

1906. Nasilio Thomas and Schwann, Abstr. Proc. zooL Soc. Land., No. 33, p, 10,
5 June; Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1906: 578, 10 Oct. Genotype, by original designation,
Macroscelides brachyrhynchus A. Smith.*

Nasilio brachyrhynchus delamerei (Thomas), Short-sncnted ElephaBt Shrew.

1901. Macroscelides Delamerei Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 8: 155, footnote,
1 Aug. Athi River, 6,000 feet, eastern Kenya Colony.

Record. — Iringa.

Genus Elephantulus Thomas and Schwann.

Spectacled Elephant Shrews.

1906, Elephantulus Thomas and Schwann, Abstr. Proc. zool. Soc. Land., No. 33,
p. 10, 5 June; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1966: 577, 10 Oct. Genotype, by original desig-
nation, Macroscelides rupestris A. Smith.

Elephantulus intufi cf. E.i. intufi (A. Smith). Rufous Spectacled Elephant
Shrew.

1836. Macroscelides Intufi A. Smith, Rpt Exp. C. Axfr., p. 42, June; 1839, 111.
Zool. S. Afr., Mamm., part 6, pi. 12. Kurrichane, Transvaal, South Africa [ca 25° 30' S.,
26° 15' E.].

Records. — “ South-eastern Tanganyika in Kilwa, Lindi and Liwale Districts ”
[C. J. P. lonides, in litt.].

Elephantulus rufescens dundasi Dollman.

1910. Elephantulus dundasi Dollman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 95, Jan. Harichj
3,000 feet, near Lake Baringo, Kenya Colony.

Records. — Kibaya; Barungi; Nayu.

Elephantulus rufescens ocularis Kershaw.

1921. Elephantulus ocularis Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 563, Nov. Dodoma,

in Ugogo, central Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kidenge; Dodoma, Kikuyu; Iringa.

Elephantulus rufescens pulcher (Thomas). Uzinza Spectacled Elephant Shrew.

1894. Maaoscelides p>ulcherThom2iS^ Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. V^'. 69, Jan. Usambiro,
in Uzinza, Mwanza District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Lalago, Sanga, Zagayu; Mwanza, Usambiro; Samuye, Tinde;
Katavi Mbuga.

Elephantulus rufescens renatus Kershaw. Loverldge’s Spectacled Elephant
Shrew.

* Roberts (1944; 238) has pointed out that Smith, in his original description of Macroscelides
brachyrhynchus (1836, Rpt Exp. C. Afr., p. 42, June), omitted an “ h ” and spelt the trivial word
“ brachyrynchus," and Roberts has proposed that this spelling should be retained. However,
Article 19 of the International Rules of Zoological Nom.enclature says : “ The original orthography
of a name is to be preserved unless an error of transcription, a lapsus calami, or a typographical
error is evident.” It is suggested that the original spelling “ brachyrynchus ” is either a lapsus
calami or a typographical error and that “ brachyrhynchus ” was intended and should be used.
This will entail no change in current usage. It may be noted that Dr. Smith spelt the name
correctly (that is “ brachyrhynchus ”) in the title to Plate 13 of his Illustrations of the Zoology of
South Africa (1839), but dropped the “ h ” in the accompanying text.

282 G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. XX

1923. Elephantulus renatus¥jtxsh.ecv!, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. ll\ 588, May. Ikungi
(Gwao’s), Singida District, Tanganyika Territory.*

Records.— K'NdL Mtoro; Ikungi, Nshinshi, Puma, Suna, Unyang’anyi.

Genus Petrodromus Peters. Four-toed Elephant Shrews.

1846. Petrodromus Peters, Ber. Verh. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1846: 257, Aug.
Genotype, by monotypy, Petrodromus tetradactylus Peters.

1916. Cercoctenus Hollister, Smithson, misc. Coll. 66 (1): 1, 10 Feb. Genotype,
by original designation, Petrodromus sultan Thomas.

1918. Mesoctenus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 336, May. Genotype, by
original designation, Petrodromus rovumae Thomas.

Petrodromus tetradactylus cf P. t. tetradactylus Peters. Zambesi Four-toed
Elephant Shrew,

1846. Petrodromus tetradactylus Peters, Ber. Verh. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl.
1846: 258, pi. 3, f. 4, Aug. Tete, south bank of the Zambesi River, Boroma District,
Portuguese East Africa [16° 9' S., 33° 36' E., ca 250 feet].

Records. — Ndarema; Mandera; Maurui; Morogoro; Mtyangimbori.
Petrodromus tetradactylus matschiei Neumann. Barungi Four-toed Elephant
Shrew.

1900. Petrodromus matschiei Neumann, Zool.Jh.^ Syst. 13: 540, 541, 10 Oct. Baru-
ngi, Kondoa Distria, central Tanganyika Territorv [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman,
1946: 392].

Records. — Barungi; Ugogo; Unyang’anyit ; Mahaka; Lupa River; Shinyanga;
Igonda, Isikisia, Kakoma, Kigwa, Tabora, Ugalla; Mtisi River.

Petrodromus sultan sultan Thomas. Mombasa Four-toed Elephant Shrew.

1897. P[etrodromus] sultani Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Bond. 1897: 435, Oct.
Mombasa, east coast of Kenya Colony [4° 3' S., 39° 40' E., sea-level]

1898. Pletrodromus] sultan Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897 : 928, text and foot-
note, April. Correction of spelling of trivial name: “ Misprinted sultani in the original
description. The name is a substantive in apposition.”

Records. — Amboni, Usambara Mts. at Amani ; Mandera; Uzungwa Mts. at Kigogo;
Mafia and Zanzibar Islands.

Petrodromus rovumae rovumae Thomas. Rovuma Four-toed Elephant Shrew.

1897. Pletrodromus] rovumae Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 434, Oct.
Rovuma River, 100 miles inland, Newala District, south-eastern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Murembwi River; Mbanja, Nchingidi; Rovuma River.

Petrodromus rovumae nigriseta Neumann. Ruvu Four-toed Elephant Shrew.

1900. Petrodromus nigriseta Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 541, footnote, 10 Oct.
Maurui, lower Ruvu (or Pangani) River, Lushoto District, Tanganyika Territory.
Records. — Maunu; Mandera; Morogoro, Uluguru Mts. at Simbini; Bogoti,
Chanzuru, Kilosa, Kimamba, Kipera.

Genus Rhynchocyon Peters.

1847. Rhynchocyon Peters, Ber. Verh. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1847: 36, Feb.
Genotype, by monotypy, Rhynchocyon cimei Peters.

* Kershaw, in his original description of E. renatus, gave the position of Gwao’s as “ 30° 40' E.,
4° 25' S.,” which is incorrect by some 300 miles. Ikungi, which is the name of the late Jumbe
Gwao’s village, lies at 5° 7' S., 34° 47' E.

t Specimens from this locaUty were recorded by G. M. Allen and Loveridge (1933: 55) asP.
matschiei venustus Thomas (1903, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 339, Sept.; Namwiwe, 4,000 feet,
near Namitawa, northern Nyasaland, ca 10° S., 33° E.). Unyang’anyi is only sixty miles west
of Barungi, the type-locality of P.t. matschiei, and it seems much more likely, if only on geo-
graphical grounds, that these specimens are referable to the latter form than to P.t. venustus,
whose type-locality lies more than 350 miles to the south.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

283

Subgenus Rhynchocyon Peters
Chequered Elephant Shrews.

Rhynchocyon cirnei hendersoni Thomas. Nyasaland Chequered Elephant
Shrew.

1902. Rhynchocyon Hendersoni Thomas, Ann. Miag. nat. Hist. 10: 403, Nov.
Nyika Plateau, probably near Livingstonia, west of Lake Nyasa, northern Nyasaland
[between 10° and 11° S., 33° 40' and 34° 10' E., 6,000 to 8,700 feet] [fide AUen and
Loveridge, 1933: 53].

Records. — Dabaga, Iringa, Kigogo; Nkuka Forest.

Rhynchocyon cirnei macrurus Gunther. Kirk’s Chequered Elephant Shrew.

1881. Rhynchocyon macrurus Gunther. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1881: 163, June.
Rovuma River east of 38° 45' E., boundary between Tanganyika Territory and Por-
tuguese East Africa.

Records. — “ The forest country of Kilwa, Liwale (Liwale, Murembwi River), Lindi,
Mikindani (Kitaya), Newala, Masasi, Tunduru and Songea Districts ” [C. J. P.
lonides, in litt.].

Rhynchocyon cirnei swynnertoni Kershaw. Swynnerton’s Chequered Elephant
Shrew.

1923. Rhynchocyon swynnertoni Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 587, May.
Kipera, Kilosa District, Tanganyika Territory.

Record. — Known only from the type-locality.

Subgenus Rhinonax Thomas. Black-and-red Elephant Shrews.

1918. Rhinonax Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 370, May. As a subgenus of
Rhynchocyon Peters; type, by original designation, Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Gunther.
Rhynchocyon petersi petersi Bocage. Peter’s Black-and-red Elephant Shrew.

1880. Rhynchocyon Petersi Bocage, J. Sci. math. phys. nat. Lisboa 7: 159, pi. 4,
f. 2, Feb. Coast of East Africa, probably opposite Zanzibar Island [fide Dollman, 1912,
Ann Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 131, July].

1900. Rhynchocyon petersi fischeri Neumann, Zool. Jb.y Syst. 13: 543, 10 Oct.
Uzigua, between 5° 20' and 5° 30' S., and between 37° 50' and 38° 40' E., north-eastern
Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Pangani; Dunda, Mandera; Usambara Mts. at Bumbuh, Lushoto,
Magamba; Pugu; Uzigua; Uluguru Mts. at Mkangazi; Kibaya. G. M. Allen
and Loveridge (1933: 55) give a doubtful sight record from the Nkuka Forest.
Rhynchocyon petersi adersi Dollman. Zanzibar Black-and-red Elephant Shrew.

1912. Rhynchocyon adersi Dollman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 130, July. Zanzibar
Island.

Records.— Mafia and Zanzibar Islands,

Rhynchocyon petersi melanurus Neumann. Lindi Black-and-red Elephant
Shrew.

1900. Rhynchocyon petersi melanurus Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 542, 10 Oct.
Lindi, south-east coast of Tanganyika Territory [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman,
1946: 392].

Records. — Lindi, Nchingidi.

Family SORICIDiE Gray. Shrews.

Kiswahili : kirukanjia.

Genus crocidura Wagler. White-toothed Shrews.

1832. Crocidura Wagler, Oken’s Isis 1832: 275. Genotype Sorex leucodon Hermann.
Crocidura bicolor elgonius Osgood.

1910. Crocidura bicolor elgonius Osgood, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 369, April.
Twere (Kirui’s), 6,000 to 7,000 feet, south slopes of Mt. Elgon, North Kavirondo

284

VoL. ja

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

District, Kenya Colony [ca 0“ 46' N., 34° 37' E.].

Records. — Kingori Juu; Uluguru Mts. at Nyange.

CaociDURA BICOLOR cf G. B. HENDERSONi Dollman.

1915. [Crocidura] b[icolor] hendersoni Dollman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 517, May;
1916, op. cit. 17: 189, Feb. Livingstonia, 4,040 feet, eastern slopes of Nyika Plateau,
northern Nyasaland [10° 37' S., 34° 7' E.j.

Record. — Mbanja.

Crocidura bicolor sansibarica Neumann.

1900. Crocidura bicolor sansibarica Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 544, 10 Oct.
Mu}aini (Mojoni), Zanzibar Island South.

Records. — Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.

Crocidura bloyeti Dekeyser.

1943. Crocidura bloyeti Dekeyser, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 15: 155. Kondoa,
in Iiangi, central Tanganyika Territory.

Record.-~¥cnovm only from the type-locality.

Cro:idura fischeri Pagenstecher. Fischer’s Shrew.

1885. Crocidura Fischeri Pagenstecher, hamburg. wiss. Anst. 2: 34, pi., f. 1-3.
Nguruman, west of Lake Magadi, Kenya Colony [between 1° 50' and 2° S., 36° 5' E.,
2,500 to 6,000 feet].

Record. — Near Engare Nan}mki.

Crocidura fumosa johnstoni Dollman.

1915. [Crocidura] f[umosa] johnstoni Dollman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 510, May;
op. at. 16: 372, Oct. Chiromo, junction of Shire and Ruo Rivers, Lower Shire Dis-
trict, southern Nyasaland [16° 30' S., 35° 10' E.j.

Record.— Movogoto.

Crocidura fumosa cf C. f. scrasiACEA Osgood.

1910. Crocidura fumosa schistacea Osgood, Field Mus. Publ., Zool. 10: 20,7 April.
Lukenya Hill, Machakos District, Kenya Colony [1° 30' S., 37° 4' E., 5,000 to 6,029 feet.]
Records. — West slope of Kilimanjaro at 8,600 feet, Kibongoto; Engare Nanyuki;
Endamarid River.

Crocidura gracilipes Peters. Von der Decken’s Shrew.

1870. Crocidura (Cr.) graxilipes Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss.^, Berl. 1870: 590.
Probably somewhere between the coast and the Nguru Mts., and between the Uluguru
Mts. and the Usambara Mts., eastern Tanganyika Territory [fide Moreau, Hopkins and
Hayman, 1946: 395].

Records.— Bagamojo', Usambara Mts. at Ndarema; Morogoro; Rombo.
Crocidura hildegardeae hildegardeae Thomas*. Mrs. Hinde’s Shrew.

1904. Crocidura Hildegardeae Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 240, Sept. Fort
Hall, 1,300 metres, Kenya Colony [0° 42' S., 37° 40' E.].

Records. — Amani, Tanga; Lyamungu; Kigogo; Madehani; Poroto Mts. at Igali.
Crocidura hirta hirta Peters. Zambesi Little Red Shrew.

1852. Crocidura hirta Peters, Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth.^ p. 78, pi. 18, f. 2. Tete,
south bank of Zambesi River, Boroma District, Portuguese East Africa [16° 9' S.,33°36' E.,
ca 250 feet].

Records.— Lindi, Mbanja, Nclungidi; Kitaya, Mikindani.

Crocidura hirta velutina Thomas.

1904. Crocidura velutina Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 237, Sept. Usambara,

Hollister (1918: 64) considers that C.h. hildegardeae Thomas is possibly a synonym of C.
gracilipes Peters.

Jan. 1951 G. H, Swynnertom, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

285

Lushoto District, north-eastern Tanganyika Territory,

Records. — Aniboni, Bomole HiU, Magroto; Bagamoyo; Dar es Salaam; between
Kibongoto and Momela Lake; ?tlorogoro, Nyange, Nyingwa; Kilosa, Kimamba;
Ikungi, Puma; Isikisia; Iringa; Njombe.

Crocidura LUNA Dollman.

1910. Crocidura luna Dollman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5; 175, Feb. Bukenya River,
3,400 feet. Katanga, Belgian Congo.

Record. — Morogoro.

Crocidura martiensseni Neumann.

1900. Crocidura inartiensseni^tvcaxdxm, Zool.Jb., Syst.lZ: 544, 10 Oct. Magroto
Plantation, south-east Usambara Mts., Tanga District, north-eastern Tanganyika
Territory [j7deHoUister, 1918: 43].

Record. — Magroto; south-east slopes of Kilimanjaro above Marangu, about
6,600 feet; Bagiro, Vituri.

Crocidura maurisca geata G. M. Men and Loveridge.

1927. Crocidura maurisca geata G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Froc. Boston Soc.
nat. Hist. 38 : 417, Dec, Nyingwa, ca 7,500 feet, east slopes of Uluguru Mts., Morogoro
District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kibongoto; Engare Nanyuki; Nyingv/a, Vituri.

Crocidura monax Thomas.

1910. Crocidtira monax Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6: 310, Sept, Rombo,
6,000 feet, soutli-east slopes of Kilimanjaro, Moshi District, Tangan}dka Territory.

Records. — Rombo; Nyingwa.

Crocidura neavei Wroughton. Neave’s Shrevr.

1907. Crocidura neam Wroughton, Manchr Mem. 51 (5): 7, 13 March, Upper
Kafue River, 4,000 feet, near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia [12° 50' S., 28° 40' E,].

Record. — Uzungwa Mts. at Kigogo.

Crocidura nyansae kijabae J. A. Allen*.

1909. Crocidura kijabae J. A. Men, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 26: 173, 19 March.
Kijabe, Kenya Colony [0° 55' S., 36° 4' E., 6,000 to 7,000 feet,]

Record. — Rim of Ngorongoro Crater.

Crocidura nyansae kivu Osgood,

1910, Crocidura fiavescens kivu Osgood, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5 : 370, April. Lake
Kivu, 4,900 feet, astern Belgian Congo [2° S., 29° 5' E.].

Records. — Uzungwa Mts. at Dabaga, Kigogo; Ukerewe Island.

Crocidura sacralis Peters.

1852. Crocidura sacralis Peters, Reise Mossamb., Saugeth., p. 82, pi. 18, f. 3. Caba-
ceira Peninsula, about 15° S., east coast of Portuguese East Africa.

Record.— lAndi.

Crocidura suahelae Heller.

1912. Crocidura suahelae Keller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 60 (12): 6, 4 Nov. Mazeras
12 miles north-west of Mombasa, Kilifi Distria, coastal Kenya Colony [3° 57' S 39°
32' E., cfl 600 feet].

Record.— Bagmioyo .

Genus SuNCUS Ehrenberg,

1833. Sunciis Ehrenberg, Sym. Phys., Mamm. 2: sign, k. Sept. Genotype Suncus
sacer Ehrenberg, \B32>=Sorex crassicaudus Lichtenstein, 1827.

Hollister (1918: 43) considers C.n. kijabae J. A. Allen to be doubtfully distinct from C.n. nyansae
Neumann (1900, Zool.Jb., Syst, 13: 544, 10 Oct.; Fort Thruston, north shore of Lake Victoria
Uganda Protectorate, 0° 24' N., 33° 22' E,, 3,750 feet). viciona.

286

VOL, XX

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.s,, Checklist of Land Mammals

SuNCUS CAERULAEUS (Kerr)*.

1792. Sorex caerulaeus Kerr, Anim. Kingd. Linn., pp. xxvii (trivial name here
spelt “ cerulaeus "), 207. Java, and other islands in the East Indies.

Status. — Introduced into Pemba and Zanzibar Islands).

SuNCUS LEUCURA (Matschie).

1891. Crocidura albicauda Noack, Jb. hamburg. wiss. Anst. 9: 117. Zanzibar
Island. Not Crocidura albicauda Peters, 1866.

1894. Pachyura leucura Matschie, S.B.Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1894: 205. Zanzibar
Island [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 397].

Records. — Zanzibar Island, and “ between the coast and Lake Victoria.”

SuNCus Lixus Lixus (Thomas).

1898. Crocidura [Pachyura) lixa Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 930, April.
Nyika Plateau, west of Lake Nyasa, northern Nyasaland [between 10° and 11° S., and
between 33° 40' and 34° 10' E., 6,000 to 8,700 feet].

Record. — Mw'anza.

SuNCUs LIXUS AEQUATORius (Heller).

1912. Pachyura lixa aequatoria Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 60 (12): 4, 4 Nov.
Sagala Hills, 4,000 feet, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 30' S., 38° 35' E.].

Record. — Dodoma .

SuNCUS VARILLA MINOR G. M. Allen and Loveridge.

1933. Suncus varilla minor G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool.
Harv. 75: 57, Feb. Kitungulu, ca 4,000 feet, Ufipa District, Tanganyika Territory.
Known only from the type-loc^ty.

Order CHIROPTERA Blumenbach. Bats.

Kiswahili: popo.

Suborder Megachiroptera Dobson. Fruit-eating Bats.

Family PTEROPODIDAE Bonaparte.

Genus Rousettus Gray. “Dog” Bats, Rousette Bats.

1821. Rousettus Gray, London med. Repos. 15: 299, 1 April. Genotype, by mono-
tj^y and original designation, Pteropus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy.

Subgenus Rousettus Gray.

Rousettus leachii (A. Smith).

1829. Pteropus Leachii A. Smith, Zool. J. 4: 433, May. Gardens about Cape
Towm, Cape Province, South Africa [ca 33° 55' S., 18° 28' E.].

Records. — Mkulumuzi Caves, Tanga; Pangani; Bukoba.

Subgenus Stenonycteris Andersen.

1912. Stenonycteris Andersen, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., ed. 2, 1: 23. As a
subgenus of Rousettus Gray; type, by monotypy and original designation, Rousettus
lanosus Thomas.

Rousettus kempi Thomas.

1909. Rousettus kempi Thomas, Atm. Mag. nat. Hist. 4 : 543, Dec. Twere (Kirui’s),
6,000 feet, south slopes of Mt. Elgon, North Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony [ca 0°
46' N., 34° 37' E.].

/?ecori?.--Uluguru Mts. at Bagiro.

* Possibly synonymous with Suncus murinus (Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1: 74. Java,
(East Indies.)

Jan, 1951 G. H, Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

287

Subgenus Lissonycteris Andersen.

1912. Lissonycteris Andersen, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., ed, 2, 1 : 23, As a subgenus
of Rousettus Gray; type, by monotypy and original designation, Rousettus angolensis
(Bocage).

Rousettus angolensis (Bocage).

1898. Cynonycteris Angolensis Bocage, J. Sci. math. phys. nat., Lisboa 5: 133, 138,
text-f. 1, June. Pungo Andongo, Angola [9° 40' S,, 15° 40' E., 1,200 metres].

Records. — Magroto, Tanga; Kibongoto; Bukoba.

Genus Pteropus Brisson. Flying “Foxes”.

1762. Pteropus Brisson, Regn. Anim., ed, 2, pp. 13, 153-155. Genotype, by
tautonomy and subsequent designation (Merriam, 1895, Science 1: 376, 5 Apr.), Pte-
ropus pteropus Brisson (“ Pteropus rufus aut niger, auriculis brevibus acutiusculus ....
La Rousette,” of Reimion)= Vespertilio vampirus niger Kerr.

1777. Pteropus Erxleben, Syst. Regn. Anim., pp. xxxiii, 130. First use of the name
by an author following the Linnaean system. Genotype, by subsequent designation
(Andersen, 1912: 220), Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus), var. a Eni\th^n= Vespertilio
vampirus niger Kerr.

Pteropus comorensis Nicoll.

1908. Pteropus comorensis Nicoll, Three Voyages of a Naturalist, pp.87, 88, 90,
Buzi Islet, in Mayotte Harbour, Comoro Islands [12° 48' S,, 45° 16' E.] [fide Moreau,
Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 398).

Record. — Mafia Island.

Pteropus voeltzkowi Matschie.

1909. Pteropus {Spectrum) voeltzkozd Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1909:
486, Oct. Fufuni, Pemba Island.

Record. — Endemic on Pemba Island.

Genus Epomophorus Bennett. Epauletted Fruit Bats.

1836, Epom.ophorus Bennett, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1835: 149, 12 Feb.; Trans,
zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 33, 2 Oct. Genotype, by monotypy, Pteropus epomophorus Bennett—
Pteropus gambianus Ogilby.

Epomophorus anurus Heuglin.

1864. Epomophorus anurus Heughn, Nova Acta Leop. Carol. 31 (7): 12. Bongo,
Bahr-el-Ghazal, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan [ca 7° N., 28° E.].

Records. — Nguruimi; Ukerev/e Island; Ilolo.

Epomophorus labiatus minor Dobson.

1880. Epomophorus minor Dobson, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 715, April. Zan-
zibar Island.

Records. — Bagamoyo; Dares Salaam; Mwembe; Kisaki, Morogoro; Kilosa; Igon-
da, Tabora; Kasulu; Malagarasi, Ujiji; Mwaya.

Epomophorus wahlbergi wahlbergi (Sundevall).

1846. Pteropus Wahlbergi Sundevdl, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Fdrh., Stocklt. 3: 118,
Near Durban, and in the interior of Natal.

Records. — Dar es Salaam, Vikindu; Lindi; generally distributed throughout
Li wale and Mikindani Distrias; occasional in Kilwa District; Pemba and
Zanzibar Islands (in these two islands intergrades are found between this and the
next race).

Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani (Halowell).

1846. Pteropus Haldemani Halowell, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 3: 52, June,
West Africa, possibly Liberia.

Records. —'Engsctc Nairobi, Old Moshi.

288

VoL. XX

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Genus Micropteropus Matschie. Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bats.

1899. Micropteropus Matschie, Flederm. Berlin. Mus., Megachiropt., pp. 36, 37, 57.
As a subgenus of Epomophoriis Bennett; genotype, by original designation, Epomophorus
pusillus Peters.

Micropteropus pusillus (Peters).

1860. Epomophorus schoensis Tomes, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1860: 56; 1861,
op. m. 1861: pi. l..f, 4, 4a, skull. Gambia. Elot Epomoplwrus schoensis (KupptVL), 1842.

1867. Epomophorus pusillus Peters, Mber. preuss Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1867: 870.
New name for Epomophorus schoensis Tomes, preoccupied. Gambia, West Africa*
(fixed by Andersen, 1912: 559).

Records. — Nguruimi, Lower Mara River.

Genus Epomops Gray.

1866. Epomops Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1866: 65; 1870, Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs
a?id Fruit-eating Bats Coll. Brit. Mus., pp. 100, 126. Genotype, by monotypy, Epomo-
phorus franqueti Tomes.

Epomops franqueti franqueti (Tomes).

1860. Epomophorus franqueti Tomts, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1860: 54, pi. 75,

Feb-May; 1861, op. cit. 1861: pi. 1, f. 3, 3a, 3b, skull. Gaboon, West Africa.

Record.-— Bvkoba.

Genus Eidolon Rafinesque. Yellow-haired Fruit Bats.

1815. Eidolon Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature, p. 54. Based on E. Geofifoy’s
“Rousettus d queue ” (1810, Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 15: 94); genotype, by subsequent
designation (Andersen, 1908, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 432, 1 May), Pteropus stramineus
E. GQofaoy =Vespertilio vatnpyrus helvus Kerr.

Eidolon helvum (Kerr).

1792. Vesplertilio] Vampyrus helvus Kerr, Anim. Kingd. Linn., p. 91. Senegal,
West Africa (designated by Andersen, 1907, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 19: 504).

Records.— Amam I Weruweru River; Mahalca; Bukoba; Pemba and Zanzibar
Islands.

Suborder Microchiroptera Dobson. Insect-eating Bats.

Family EMBALLONURIDAE Dobson. Sheath-tailed Bats.

Genus Coleura Peters.

1867. Coleura Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1S67: 479. Genotype, by
monotypy, Emballonura afra Peters.

Coleura afra (Peters). Split-nosed Bat.

1852. Emballonura afra Peters, Reise Mossatnb., Sdugeih., p.51, pi. 12; pi. 13,
f. 18, 19. Tete, south bank of Zambesi River, Boroma District, Portuguese East Africa
[16° 9' S., 33° 36' E., ca 250 feet].

Mkulumuzi Caves; Mwanza; possibly Pemba Island.

* G. M. Allen (1939; 58) gave the type-locality of M. pusillus as “ Yoniba, southern Nigeria,”
but this is wrong. M. pusillus is technically based on a description and figures by Tomes {supra
cit.), under the name “ Epomophorus schoensis (Riippell),” of a specimen from Gambia which was
formerly in Tomes’s collection but is now lost. Peters was able to show that this specimen was
quite distinct from E. schoensis (Riippell) and gave it the new name “ Epomophorus pusillus.” At
the same time he referred to another specimen in the Berlin Museum’s collection from Yoruba,
southern Nigeria, which agreed with Tomes’s description of the specimen which was made the
t3tpe of E. pusillus. Andersen {he. cit.) later fixed Gambia as the type-locality for M. pusillus
(Peters.)

Jan. 1951 G. H, Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

289

Genus Taphozous Oken. Tomb Bats.

1816. Taphozous Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch. 3 (2): x (here spelt Thaphozous),
926. Genotype Taphozous senegalensis Desmarest.

1818. Taphozous E. Geoffroy, Descr. Egypte 2: 113. Genotype Taphozous per-
foratus E. Geofeoy. [Though dated 1812, this work was not published until 1818].

Subgenus Taphozous Oken.

Taphozous mauritianus mauritianus E. Geoffroy.

1818. Taphozous mauritianus E. Geoffroy, Descr. Egypte 2: 127. Mauritius [20®
S., 57° 30' E.].

^ecorJ^.—Amani, Tanga; Pangani; Dar es Salaam; Morogoro; Mbanja; Kilosa;
Itende; Unyang’anyi; Tabora; Ujiji; Mwaya; Zanzibar Island.

Taphozous Sudani Thomas.

1915. Taphozous Sudani Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 561, June. Mongala,
Bahr-el-Jebel, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan [5° 12' N., 31° 46' E., 1,460 feet].

Record.— FoToto Mts. at Igali.

Subgenus Liponycteris Thomas.

1922. Liponycteris Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 267, March. Genotype,
by original designation, Taphozous nudiventm Cretzschmar.

Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar.

1830-31. Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar, in Riippell’s Atlas Reise ndrdl. Afr.,
Sdugeth., p. 70, pL 27b. Giza, Egj'pt.

Nshinshi; Shanwa.

Family NYCTERIDAE Dobson. Hollow-faced Bats,

Genus Nycteris E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier. Hispid Bats, Hollow-faced Bats.

1795. Nycteris E. GQO^roy md G. CmiQT, Mag. encycl. 1795 (2): 186. Genotype
Vespertilio kispidus Schreber. Nomen nudum. Adopted as the correct name for this genus
of bats [vide Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom., No. Ill, in Smithson, misc. Coll. 73 (6): 18,
8 June, 1929].

Nycteris aethiopica oriana Kershaw.

1922. Nycteris oriana Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 179, Aug. Chiromo,
Lower Shire District, Nyasaland [16° 32' S., 35° 9' E., 200 feet].
i?ecord.~Mbanja; Banagi.

Nycteris capensis A. Smith. Cape Hollow-faced Bat,

1829. Nycteris Capensis A. Smith, Zool.J. 4: 434, May. “ I he interior parts of

South Africa as well as upon the Eastern coast

Records.— '’ Zanzibar Coast, ” i.e. the coastal part of East Africa opposite Zanzibar
Island; Usambara Mts. at Amani; Uluguru Mts. at Bagiro, Mkangazi; Kilosa;
Kilimanjaro; Irangi, Sandawe; Gulwe, Itende; Ikungi, Suna; Zagayu.

Nycteris dmiarensis damarensis Petersf. Damarnland Hollow-faced Bat.

1871. Nycteris damarensis Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1870: 905.
Otjimbingue, Swakop River, Damaraland, South West Africa [22° 15' S., 16° 10' E.],
-Saranda.

* The late Dr. Austin Roberts informed the authors [in that it had been his intention to res-
trict the type-locality of N. capensis to “ Swellendam, 500 feet, south-western Cape Province,
South Africa.”

t HiU and Caner (1941 ; 37) consider that N. damaremis is a subspedes of N. capensis A. Smith.

VoL. XX

290 G. H. SWYNNERTON, P.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Nycteris GRANDis Peters. Giant HoU©w=faced Bat,

1865. Nycteris grandis PctQxs, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. IBQ5: 358; 1871,
op. cit. 1870: 906. “ Guinea,” West Africa.

Records.— Vtmhz. and Zanzibar Islands.

Nycteris hispida (Schreber), Small-eared Hollow-faced Bat,

1774. Vespertilio hispidus Schreber, Sdugeth. 1: 169, 188, pi. 56. Senegal, West
Africa.

Records.-— Mmtm; Bagiro; Madazini; Mwanza; Zanzibar Island.

Nycteris luteola Thomas.

1901. Nycteris aethiopicaluteolaThoma&i Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 8: 30, July. Kitui,
3,500 feet, in Ukamba, Kitui District, Kenya Colony [1° 22' S., 38° T E.].

Records. — Kilosa; Unyang’anyi; Mto wa Mbu; Zagayu; Zanzibar Island,

Nycteris marica Kershaw.

1923, Nycteris marica Kershaw, Ann. Mag, nat. Hist. 12: 534, Oct, Tendigo,
Kilosa District, Tanganyika Territory,

Record. — i^own only from the type-locality,

Nycteris revoilii Robin,

1881. Nycteris Revoilii Robin, Bull. Soc. philom., Paris 5: 90. Somaliland (British
or Italian) north of 10° N, [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 399],

Records.— Morogoto; Mpwapwa; Unyang’anyi; Livingstone Mts, at Madehani,

Nycteris thebaica cf N.t. aurantiaca (de Beaux). Large-eared Hollow-faced Bat.

1923, Petalia (Nycteris) thebaica aurantiaca de Beaux, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat.
62: 91, Tuly. Archer’s Post, Northern Uaso Nyiro, Kenya Colony [0° 36' N., 37° 37' E.,
2,760 feet].

Records.— Teeagei; Bagamoyoj Vikindu; Mbanja; Ndarema^ Arusha Chini,
Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro; Engare Nanyuki; Irangi, Sandawe; Bukoba; Zan-
zibar Island.

Family MEGADERMATIDAE Allen, Big-eared Bats.

Genus Megaderma E. Geoffrey. False Vampires.

1810. Megaderma E. Geoffroy, Ann, Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 15: 190. Genotype
Vespertilio spasma Linnaeus,

Subgenus Cardioderma Peters.

1873. Cardioderma Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1873: 488, June.
As a subgenus of Megaderma E. Geoffroy; type, by original designation, Megaderma cor
Peters.

Megaderma cor Peters, Heart-nosed Big-eared Bat.

1872, Megaderma cor Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1872: 194. Abyssinia.
i?ecorif.— -Kilimanjaro; Mto wa Mbu; Ushora.

Genus Lavia Gray. Yellow- winged Batg,

1838. Lavia Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot, 2: 490, Feb. Genotype, by monotypy, Mega-
derma frons E. Geoffroy.

Lavia frons rex Miller*.

1905, Lavia rex Miller, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 227, 9 Dec. Taveta, south-east
of Kilimanjaro, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 25' S., 37° 40' E., 2,500 feet].

Considered by Andersen and Wroughton (1907, A)m. Mag. fiat Hist. 19 : 139, Feb.) to be synony-
mous with L.f. frons (E. Geoffroy, 1810, Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 15: 192. Senegal, West Africa).

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

291

Records.— Bzgzm.oy O', Dar es Salaam; Maurai; Kisaki, Masimba, Morogoro;
Kilosa; Engare Nairobi, KUimanjaro; Ngaserai, 01 Doinyo Lengai; Saranda;
Nduguyu River; Nshinshi, Ruruma, Wembcre Flats; Rome Island, Ukerewc
Island; 16 miles south of Kasulu; Ujiji; Mangogo, Namanyere; Zanzibar
Island.

Family RHINOLOPHIDAE BeU.

Genus Rhinolophus Lacepede. Horseshoe Bats.

1799. Rhinolophus Lacepede, Tabl. Mammif., p. 15. Genot3^e, by monotypy,
Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum (Schreber).

Rhinolophus darlingi darlingi Andersen.

1905. Rhinolophus Darlingi kcidoxscn, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. I'o: 70, Jan. Mazoe,
4,000 feet, in Mashonaland, Southern Rhodesia.

Record. — Banagi.

Rhinolophus deckenii Peters. Von der Decken’s Horseshoe Bat.

1868. Rhinolophus Deckenii Peters, Mber. preiiss. Akad., Wiss., Berl. 1867: 705.
Coast of East Africa, probably opposite Zanzibar Island.

Records. — Known only from Rombo and from von der Decken’s original specimens
from the coastal area of north-eastern Tanganyika Territory.

Rhinolophus geoffroyii cf R.g. zambesiensis Andersen.

1904. Rhinolophus augur zambesiensis Andersen, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 383,
Nov. Foit Hill, North Nyasa District, northern Nyasaland [9° 30' S., 33° 16' E., ca
4,000 feet].

Records. — Luengera River; Kibongoto, Rombo; Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.
Rhinolophus lobatus Peters.

1852. Rhinolophus lobatus Peters, Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 41, pi. 9; pi. 13,
f. 16, 17. Sena, south bank of Zambesi River, Sena District, Portuguese East Africa
[17° 28' S., 35° 1' E.] [fide Moreau, Hopldns and Hayman, 1946: 399].

Records.— MsLgroto; Morogoro; Kilosa; Marangu, Rombo; Unyang’anyi;
Zanzibar Island.

Rhinolophus eloquens Andersen.

1905. Rhinolophus Hildebrandti eloquens Andersen, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15:
74, Jan. Entebbe, north shore of Lake Victoria, Uganda Protectorate [0° 4' N., 32° 28' E.
3,863 feet].

RcccjrJi.— Unyang’anyi ; Pemba Island.

Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul Andersen.

1905. Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul Andersen, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 74, Jan.
Kitui, 3,500 feet, in Ukamba, Kitui District, Kenya Colony [1° 22' S., 38° 1' E.].
Record. — Mbanja.

Rhinolophus hildebrandtii hildebp^ndtii Peters. Fluted Horseshoe Bat.

1878. Rhinolophus Hildebrandtii Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1878;-
195, pi. 1, f. 1, la. Ndi, east of Taita Hills, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 14' S.,
38° 30' E., 1,900 feet].

Records. — Magroto; Mbanja; Kongwa; Mpwapwa.

Rhinolophus sp.

Record. — Zanzibar Island [Jidg Moreau and Pakenham, 1941: 118, 124].

Family HIPPOSIDERIDAE Miller. Leaf-nosed Bats.

Genus Hipposideros Gray.

1831. Hipposideros Gray, Zool. Miscell., no. 1, p. 37, Feb. Genotype Vespertilio
speoris Schreber.

292

VoL. XX

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Hipposideros gaffer gaffer (Sundevall). Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat.

1846. Rhinolophus caffer Sundevall, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Fork.,

Stockh. 3: 118. Near Durban, Natal, South Africa. [20° 50' S., 31° 1' E., sea-level].

1906. Hipposiderns caffer, Sund., typicus Andersen, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 17: 275,
March.

Records. — Tanga, Usambara Mts. at Amani; Luengera River; Morogoro, Uluguru
Mts. at Nyange; Kilosa, Mbala; Kilimanjaro; Mto wa Mbu; Mpwapwa;
Umbugwe; Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.

Hipposideros gaffer gentralis (Andersen).

1906. [Hipposiderns] caffer centralis Andersen, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 17: 275,
277, March. Entebbe, north shore of Lake Victoria, Uganda Proteaorate [0° 4' N.,
32° 28' E., 3,863 feet].

Record. — Range includes Tanganyika Territory (recorded from Dar es Salaam),
where it coexists with H.c. caffer (Sundevall).

Hipposideros gommersoni gigas (Wagner). Giant Leaf-nosed Bat.

1845. Rhinolophus Gigas Wagner, Arch. Naturgesch. 11 (1): 148. Benguela, Angola
[12° 35' S., 13° 25' E., sea-level].

/Record.— Mkulumuzi Caves.

Hipposideros gommersoni marungensis (Noack). Greater Leaf-nosed Bat.

1887. Phyllorhina commersonii Peters, var. marungensis Noack, Zool.Jb. 2: 272, pi.
10, f. 31-33, 7 May. Mpala’s, in Marungu, west shore of Lake Tanganyika, Belgian
Cx)ngo [6° 44' S., 29° 30' E., ca 2,900 feet].

Recordi.— Kilosa; Pemba and Zanzibar* Islands.

Hipposideros ruber (Noack). Rufous Leaf-nosed Bat. t

1893. Phyllorhina rubra Noack, Zool.Jb., Syst. 7: 586, pi. 18, f. 14, 15, 23 Dec.
Ngerengere River, Eastern Province, Tanganyika Territory.

i?ecord5. —Ngerengere River; Tendaguru; Manyoni; Ukerewe Island.

Genus Triaenops Dobson.

1871. Triaenops Dobson, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 40 (2): 455, pi. 28, 29 Dec. Geno-
type, by monotypy, Triaenops persicus Dobson.

Triaenops afer Peters. Trident Bat.

1877. Triaenops afer Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. If'm., Berl. 1876: 913, f. 2.
Mombasa, east coast of Kenya Colony [4° 3' S., 39° 40' E., sea-level].

Records. — Mkulumuzi Caves ; Mikindani.

Fanaily VESPERTILIONIDAE Gray. Simple-nosed Bats.

Subfamily VESPERTILIONINAE MiUer.

Genus Myotis Kaup. Mouse-eared Bats.

1829. Myotis Kaup. Skizz. Europ. Thierw. 1: 106, 188. Genot3^e, by monotypy,
Vespertilio murinus Schreber [nec Linnaeus] = myotis Bor^ausen.

Myotis bocagii hildeg/\rdeae Thomas. Rufous Mouse-eared Bat.

1904. Myotis Hildegardeae Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 209, March. Fort
Hall, 4,000 feet, north of Nairobi, central Kenya Colony [0° 42' S., 37° 40' E.].

Record. — Kasanga.

* Recorded by G. M. Allen (1908: 33) as H. vittatus (Peters, 1852, Reise Mossamh., Sdugeth.,
p. 32, pi. 6; pi. 13; f. 7-13; Ibo Island, Cape Delgado, east coast of Portuguese East Africa,
12° 20' S.). The measurements given by Allen come a little below Andersen’s minima
for H. c. gigas and a little above his maxima for H. commersoni — of which marungensis is
the East African representative — as also do his measurements for H. c. gigas from the
Mkulumuzi Caves, near Tanga. There would appear to be no hard and fast line between
H, c. martmgmsis and gigas.

293

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

Myotis WELWiTSCHii VENUSTUS (Matschie).

1899, Vespertilio veniistus Matschie, S.B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1899: 74. Kinole,
north slopes of Uluguru Mts., Morogoro District, Tanganyika Territory.

Record. — Known only from the type-locality.

Genus Pipistrellus Kaup. Pipistrelles.

1829. Pipistrellus Kaup, Skizz. Europ. Thierw. 1: 98. Genotype, by monotypy
and tautonomy, Vespertilio pipistrellus Schreber.

Subgenus Pipistrellus Kaup.

Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus Thomas.

1901. Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 8: 34, July. Nai-
vasha. Rift Valley, Kenya Colony [0° 43' S., 34° 25' E., 6,231 feet].

Record. — Bagiro.

Pipistrellus nanus nanus (Peters). Banana Bat.

1852. Vespertilio nanus Peters, Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 63, pi. 16, f, 2.
Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa [23° 51' S., 35° 34' E., sea-level].

Records. — Amani, Magroto, Mkulumuzi Caves; Bagamoyo; Dar es Salaam;
Misalai; Bagiro, Mkangazi, Mkarazi, Nyange, Nyingwa; ]^bongoto. Old Moshi;
Mt, Meru at 3,000 metres; Kilosa; Karumo; Itale; Ugala River; Madehani;
Kasanga, Kitungulu; Pemba and Zanzibar Islands,

Pipistrellus pulcher (Dobson).

1875. Vesperugo pulcher Dobson, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875: 471, Oct. Zan-
zibar Island.

Zanzibar Island,

Subgenus ScoTOZous Dobson.

1867, Alobiis Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1867 : 707. As a subgenus of
Vespertilio Linnaeus ; genotype, by monotypy, Vespertilio (Alobus) temminckii Cretzsch-
mar, 1826 [nec Horsfield, \^2A\ = Vespertilio ruppellii J. B. Fischer, 1829. Not Alobus
Leconte, 1856, in Coleoptera (Melolonthidae).

1875. Scotozous Dobson, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875: 372, Oct. Genotype, by
monotypy, Scotozous dorrneri Dobson,

1946. Vansonia Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 304, 18 Oct. Genotype, by
original designation, Pipistrellus vernayi— Pipistrellus ruppellii vernayi Roberts.
Pipistrellus ruppellii cf P.r. fuscipes Thomas. Two-coloured Pipistrelle.

1913. Pipistrellus fuscipes Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 315, March. Sixty
miles west of Entebbe, 3,700 feet, Uganda Protectorate.

Records. — Bagamoyo; Ukerewe Island; Kasanga.

Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque. Serotine Bats.

1820. Eptesiciis B3LfLnt%<:{\xt, Annals of Nature 1: 2. G^notypt Eptesicus melanops
Rafinesque = fuscus Beauvois.

Eptesicus grandidieri (Dobson). Brown Serotine Bat.

1876. Vesperugo {V esperus) grandidieri Dobson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18: 500, Dec.
Zanzibar Island.

Record. — Zanzibar Island.

Eptesicus pusillus (Leconte). Rusty-headed Serotine Bat.

1857. Vespertilio pusillus 'Lqcotaq, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.lS^l-. 10. Probably
Gaboon, West Africa.

Records. — Bagamoyo; Saranda; Kakoma.

294

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

Eptesicus cf E. TENUIPINNIS (Peters). Wliite-wioged Serotine Bat.

1872. Vesperus tenuipinnis Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1872: 263,
April. Kuilu River, border of Gaboon and French Congo [fide Noack, 1889, Zool Jb,,
Syst.4: 218].

Record. — South shore of Lake Victoria at Nyegezi.

Genus Nycticeius Rafinesque.

1819. Nycticeius Rofmesque, J.Physiq. 88; 417, June. Nycticeiiis

hiimeralis Rafinesque.

Subgenus Scoteinus Dobson.

1875. Scoteinus Dobson, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875: 371, Oct. As a subgenus of
Scotophilus Leach; type Scotophilus emarginatus (Dobson).

Nycticeius schlieffenii cf N.s. albiventer (Thomas and Wroughton).

1908. Scoteinus schliejfeni albiventer Thomas and Wroughton, Proc. zool. Soc.
Lond. 1908: 540, 30 Oct. Naikhala, upper Egypt.

Records. ~Sznda.we; Saranda; Igonda.

Genus Scotophilus Leach. Brown Bats.

1821. ScotophilusLeach, Trans, linn. Soc. Lond. 13: 69,71. Genotype, by original
designation, Scotophilus kuhlii Leach. Not preoccupied by Scotophila Hiibner, “ 1816 ”
[=1821], in Lepidoptera.

Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoifroy).

1806. Vesp{enilio\ borbonicus E. Geoffrey, Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 8: 201, pi. 46.
Mauritius [20° S., 57° 30' E.].

Record. — Matschie (1895: 24) recorded this species from Zanzibar Island, but the
opposite mainland, known as the “ Zanzibar Coast,” was probably intended.
Scotophilus nigritus cf S. n. colias Thomas.

1904. Scotophilus nigrita colias Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 207, March.
Fort Hall, north of Nairobi, central Kenya Colony [0° 42' S., 37° 40' E., 4,000 feet].

Records. — Dar es Salaam*; Lyamungu; Zanzibar Island.

Scotophilus viridis viridis (Peters). Lesser Yellow Bat.

1852. Nycticejus viridis Peters, Reise Mossamb., Saugeth., p. 67, pi. 17, f. 2 a-e.
Mozambique Island, oft east coast of Portuguese East Africa [15° S., 40° 42' E., sea-level].
i?ecerd.-— Morogoro.

Genus Glauconycteris Dobson. Butteriiy Bats.

1875. Glauconycteris Dobson, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875: 383, Oct. As a sub-
genus of Chalinolobus Peters; genotype, by subsequent designation (Miller, 1907, Bull.
U. S. nat. Mus. 57: 221), Kerivoida poensis Gray.

Glauconycteris argentatus (Dobson).

1875. Chalinolobus argentatus Dobson, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875: 385, Oct.
Cameroon Mountain, British (Mandated) Cameroons [4° 10' N., 9° 10' E.].

Records.-— Moiogoro; ICilosa; Mwaya.

Glauconycteris variegatus cf G. v. papilio Thomas.

1905. Glauconycteris papilio Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 77, Jan. Entebbe,
north shore of Lake Victoria, Uganda Protectorate [0° 4' N., 32° 28' E., 3,863 feet].

Record. — Kilos a.

* Recorded by Loveridge (1922: 47) as S.n. dinganii (A. Smith, 1833, 5. Afr. quart. J. 2: 59, Nov.;
between Natal and Delagoa Bay). Geographically, however, we consider tliat this is incorrect
nnd we prefer to refer this specimen provisionally to the more northerly race, S.n. colias Thomas .

295

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

Subfamily MINIOPTERINAE Miller. Long-winged Bats.

Genus Miniopterus Bonaparte.

1837. Miniopterus Bonaparte, Iconogr. Fauna Iial. 1: fasc 20 (under Vespertilio
emarginatus). As a subgenus of Vespertilio Linnaeus; genotype Vespertilio ursinii Bona-
parte =r. schreibersii Kuhl.

Miniopterus minor Peters.

1867. Miniopterus minor Peters, Mbei\ preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1866: 885.
“ Zanzibar Coast,” i.e. mainland of East Africa opposite Zanzibar Island.

Ml^umuzi Caves.

Miniopterus natalensis arenarius Pleller, Natal Clinging Bat.

1912. Miniopterus natalensis arenarius Pleller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 60 (12) : 2, 4 Nov_
Nanyuki River, north-west of Mt. Kenya, Kenya Colony [ca 0° 10' N„ 37° E.].
Uluguru Mts. at Bagiro.

Miniopterus cf M. scotinus (Sundevall).

1846. Vesperugo scotinus Sundevall, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Forh., Stockh. 3: 119.
Various places in Natal, of v^hich the late Dr. Austin Roberts has nominated {in Hu)
Durban, Natal [29° 50' S., 31° E., sea-level], as type-locality.

Record.— Zanzibar Coast,” i.e. the mainland of East Africa opposite Zanzibar
Island.

Subfarmly KERIVOULINAE Miller. Painted Bats.

Genus Kerivoula Gray. Forest Bats.

1842. Kerivoida Gray, Amt. Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 258, Dec. Genotype Vespertilio
hardwickii Horsfield.

Kerivoula africana Dobson. Dwarf Forest Bat.

1878. Kerivoula africana Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 335. “ Zanzibar
Coast, ” i.e. the mainland of East Africa opposite Zanzibar Island.

Records.— Maxogovoi, coastal north-east Tanganyika Territory,

Family MOLOSSIDAE Gill. Free-tailed Bats.

Genus Tadarida Rafinesque.

1814. Tadarida Rahnesque, Precis Decouv. Trav. som., p. 55. Genotype, by
original designation, Cephalotes teniotis Rafinesque.

1818. Nyctinomus E, Geolfroy, Descr. Egypte 2: 114, Genotype, by monotypy,
Nyciinomus aegyptiaais E, Geolfroy,

Subgenus Tadarida Rafinesque.

Tadarida ansorgei (Thomas).

1913. Nyctinomus ansorgei Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 318, March.
Malange (Malanje), 1,150 metres, northern Angola [9° 35' S., 16° 20' E.j.

i?ec£>ri.— Lyamungu,

Tadarida cisturus (Thomas).

1903. Nyctinomus cisturus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 502, Nov. Mongala,
25 miles north of Gondokoro, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

-Weruweru River.

Tadarida fulminans (Thomas).

1903. Nyctinomus fulminans Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 501, Nov, Fiana-
rantsoa, eastern Betsileo, Madagascar.

/Record.— Weruweru River.

296

G, H. SwYNNiRTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Subgenus Mops Lesson,

1842. Mops Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mammif., p. 18. Genotype, by
original designation, Mops indicus 'Lts^on=Dysopes mops F. Cuvier.

1917. Allomops J. A. Allen, Bull. Amev. Mus. nat. Hist. 37: 470, 29 Sept. As a
subgenus of Mops Lesson; type, by original designation, Chaerephon (Allomops) osbomi
J. A. Allen.

Tadarida brachyptera (Peters.) White-breasted Free-tailed Bat.

1852. Dysopes brachypterus Peters, Raise Mossamb., Sdugeth.y p. 59, pi. 15, f. 1.
Mozambique Island, off the east coast of Portuguese ^t Africa [15° S., 40° 42' E.,
sea-level].

-Bagamoyo; Zanzibar Island.

Tadarida angolensis* orientis (G. M. Allen and Loveridge). Angola Free-tailed

Bat.

1942. Mops angolensis orientis G. M. AUen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. comp.
Zool. Harv. 89: 166, Feb. Kitaya, north bank of Rovuma River, south of Mikindani,
south-eastern Tanganyika Territory.

Record.- — Known only from the type-locality.

Tadarida angolensis osborni (J. A. Allen).

1917. Chaerephon {Allomops) osbomi J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 37:
470, text-f. 12-15, 29 Sept. Kinshasa, left bank of Congo River, near Leopoldville,
Middle Congo District, Belgian Congo.

Records.— Kigoma, Ujiji; Mwaya.

Subgenus Chaerephon Dobson.

1874. Choerephon Dobson, J. Asiat. Soc. Bang. 43 (2): 144, As a subgenus of
Nyctinomus E. Geoffroy; type Nyctinomus johorensis Dobson, This spelling of the generic
name is technically incorrect.

1878, Chaerephon Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Coll. Brit. Mus., p, 431. Spelling of
generic name corrected.

Tadarida bivittata (Heuglin). Brown Free- tailed Bat,

1861. Nyctinomus bivittatus Heuglin, Nova Acta Leop. Carol. 29 (8): 4, 13. Keren,
Eritrea [15° 48' N„ 38° 27' E.].
i?ecord5.-“Bagamoyo; Igonda.

Tadarida limbata (Peters). White-bellied Free-tailed Bat,

1852, Dysopes Umbatus Peters, Raise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 56., pi. 14. Mozam-
bique Island, olf east coast of Portuguese East Africa [15° S., 40° 42' E., sea-level].
Records. — Coastal north-east Tanganyika Territory; Bagamoyo; Kitaya; Kilosa;
Kilimatinde; Ugala River; Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.

Tadarida major (Trouessart). Greater Free-tailed Bat,

1897, Nyctinomus pumilus var. major Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss., ed. 1, pt. 1,
p, 146, First cataract of the Nile, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

Records. — Dar es Salaam; Zagayu; LTsambiro.

Tadarida pumila cf T. p. naivashae (Hollister). Lesser Free-tailed Bat.

1916. Chaerephon pumilus naivashae Hollister, Smithson, misc. Coll. 66 (1): 4,
10 Feb, Naivasha Station, Rift Valley. Kenya Colony [0° 43' S., 36° 25' E., 6,231 feet].
Records.— Bag^-oyo; Weruweru River; Usambiro; Pemba Island.

Roberts (1944: 238) has suggested that Nyctinomus condylurus A. Smith (1833, 5. Afr. quart. J.
2: 54, Nov.; Durban, Natal) is an earlier name for what is commonly known as Tadarida ango-
lensis (Peters, 1870, J. Sci. math. phys. nat., Lisboa 3: 124, Dec.; Cuanza River, Angola).

297

Jan. 1951 G. H, Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals
Subgenus OroMOPS Thomas.

1913. OtomopsThovaa'&, J. Botnbay nat. Hist. Soc. 22: 91, 21 April, Genotypej
by original designation, Nyctinomus wroughtmii Thomas.

Tadarida martiensseni (Matscliie).

1897. Nyctinomus martiensseni Matschie, Arch. Naturgesch. 63 (1): 84, Oa.
Magroto Plantation, south-east Usambara Mts., west of Tanga, north-eastern Tanganyika
Territorj'.

Record.— -Msigyoto .

Order PRIMATES Linnaeus.

Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes, Man,

Suborder PROSIMII lUiger.

Family LORISIDAE Gregory. Galagos, Slow Lemurs.

Genus Galago E. Geoffroy. Galagos, Bush-«‘ babies

1796. Galago E, Geoffroj^, Mag. encycl. 1796 (1): 49, pi. Genotype, by monotypy,
Galago senegalensis E. Geoffroy.

Kiswaliili : komba.

Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus E. Geoffroy. Greater Galago.

1812. Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoffroy, Ann. Miis. Hist. nat. Paris 19: 166,
Oct. Quelimane, Porto Belo District, east coast of Portuguese East Africa [17° 52' S.,
36° 52' E., sea level] [fixed by Thomas, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 48, July].

/?gcord5.— Rufiji River; south-west Uluguru Mts.; Mabenge, Sanje; Lutamba
Lake, Mitwero, Mitotoni; Mikindani; Iringa; Ugala River; Upangwa; Maguru,
west of Mbarangandu ^ver on the Liwaie-Songea road, Mpitimbi, Songea;
Rutengani, Mwarawira’s; Rukwa Valley; Mizizikaunga, Njila, Shoga; Ugala
River, Wala River; Kalam_bo Falls, Mambwe, Zimba.

Galago crassicaudatus agisymbanus (Coquerel). Zanzibar Greater Galago.

1859. Otolenmr agisymbanus Coquerel, Rev. Mag. Zool. 11: 459, pi. 17; pi. 18,
f. la, lb, Nov. Zanzibar Island [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 401].

Records.— Vtmhz and Zanzibar Islands.

Galago crassicaudatus argentatus Ldmiberg,

1913. Galago argentatus Ldnnberg, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 167, Jan. Bukine,
east of Lake Victoria, Musoma District, Tfinganyika Tenitory.

Records.— Bukine, Karusenyi; Mwanza, Ukerewe. Island.

Galago crassicaudatus lasiotis Peters.

1876. Galago lasiotis Peters, Mber. preitss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1878: 912, text-f. 1.
Mombasa, Mombasa District, east coast of Kenya Colony [4° 3' S., 39° 40' E., sea level].

Records.— Amboni, Mkulumuzi Caves, Tanga.

Galago crassicaudatus p.wganiensis (Matschie).

1905. Otolemur panganiensis Matscliie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1905: 278,
Dec. Arusha Chini, south of Kilimanjaro, Moshi District Tanganyika Territory.
Records. — Usambara Mts. at Magamba,; middle Ruvu (or Pangani) River, Same;
Arusha Chini, Kalie, Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro, Lyamungu; Arusha, Mt. Mem
up to 3,500 metres ; southern Masailand; Umbugwe; Kisese, Kondoa, Kwa Mtoro;
Chanzuru, Ilonga, Mkata River; MLarazi, Morogoro, Wami River; Dar es
Salaam; Mafia Island,

298

VOL. XX

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Galago demidovii orinus Lawrence and Washburn. Least Bush-baby.

1936. Galago demidovii orinus Lawrence and Washburn, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc.
nat. Hist. 8: 259, 8 Jan. Bagiro, 5,000 feet, north slopes of Uluguru Mts., Morogoro
District, Tanganyika Territory.

Record.— ¥.xiOvtr\ only from the type-locality.

Galago senegalensis albipes DoUraan. Kavirondo Bush-baby.

1909. Galago braccatus albipes Dollman, Ami. Mag. nat. Hist. 4; 549, Dec. Twere
(Kirui’s), 6,000 feet, south slopes of Mt. Elgon, North Kavirondo District, Kenya
Colony [ca 0° 46' N., 34° 37' E.].

Records. — Mwanza; thiity miles south of Tabora.

Galago senegalensis braccatus Elliot.

1907. Galago braccatus Elliot, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20; 187, Sept. Tsavo River,
near Kilimanjaro, Kenya Colony [3° 5' S., between 37° 40' and 38° 30' E.].

Genda Gcnda j Masimani; Old Moshi.

Galago senegalensis moholi A. Smith. Moholi Bush-baby.

1836. Galago Moholi A. Smith, Rpt Exp. C. Afr., p. 42, June. Head-watei-s of the
Limpopo River near its junction with the Marico River, about 25° S., Bechuanaland.
Records. — Liwale; NchJngidi; Kondoa; Dodoma, Kisigo River; Mkalama,
Ushora; Saranda; Uhehe; Madehani, Manda; Mlembwe River; Liwale-
Songea road west of Mbarangandu River; Peramiho; Rungwe Mt.; Sanga,
Zagayu; Kalole, Ugunda, U}nii; two days’ march north of Gombe River;
16 miles soutli of Kasuiu, Ruchugi River; Usevia, Mambwe, Mwimbi.

Galago senegalensis zanzibaricus Matschie. Zanzibar Bush-baby.

1893. Galago zanzibaricus Matschie, S. B. Ges. natiirf. Fr. Berl. 1893: ill.
Jcmbiani, Zanzibar Island f Neumann, 1900: 535; Schwarz, 1931: 55].

-Arnani, Amboni, Magroto, Upale; Kiserawe; Bagiro; Rufiji River;
Zanzibar Island.

Suborder ANTFSROPOIDEA Mivart.

Family CERCOPITHECIDAE Gray.

Subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE Blandford. Monkeys, Baboons.

Genus Cercocebus E. Geolfroy. Maiigabeys.

1812. Cercocebus E. Geoffrey, Ann. Mus. Hist, nat, Paris 19: 97, Oct. Genotype
Cercocebus fuliginosus E. Geoffroy— atys Audebert.

Cercocebus albigena johnstoni (Lydekker). Black Mangabey.

1900. [Semnocebus] albigena johnstoni Lydekker, Novit. Zool. 7: 595, 29 Dec.
Probably from the Ituri or Semliki Forests, north-eastern Belgian Congo.
ReconL—Kakindu.

Genus Papio Brisson. Mandrills, Baboons.

1762. Papio Brisson, Rep. Anim., ed. 2, p. 136. Genotype, by monotypy,
Papio papio Brisson =5/;«fa sphinx Linnaeus.

1773. Papio P. L. S. Muller, Ritters Linne vollst. Natursyst. 1: 118, 119, 121;
1776, op. cit., Suppl.-Bd., p. 6, Register-Bd., p. 447. Genotype Simia sphinx
MuUQT^Simia sphinx Linnaeus [fide Hopwood, 1947: 533].

Subgenus Choeropithecus Blainville. Baboons.

1777. Papio Erxleben, Syst. Regn. Anini., pp. xxx, 15. Genotype, by subsequent
designation (Palmer, 1904, Index Gen. Mamm., p. 511), Papio sphinx Erxleben {nec
Linnaeus) cynocephalus Linnaeus. Not Papio Brisson, 1762, supra cit.

1795. Cynocephalus E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier, Mag. encycl. 1795 (3): 462.
Genotype, by tautonomy, Simia cynocephalus Linnaeus. Not Cynocephalus SchacfleVi
1760, in Pisces; not Cynocephalus Eoddaert, 1768, in Mammalia (Galeopithecidae);
not Cynocephalus Walbaum, 1793, In Pisces.

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynnertoNj f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

299

1839. Chocropithecus Blainvillej Osteogr. Mammif. 1: Pithecus, pp. 39, 47, 14 June.
Genotype, by subsequent designation (J. A. Allen, 1925 : 307-308), Simia cynocephalus
Linnaeus.

1839. Chaeropithecus Gervais {ex Blainville, orally). Diet, pittoresque Hist. nat. 8:
90. As a subgenus of Simia Linnaeus; type Simia cynocephalus Linnaeus.

Kiswahili : nyani.

Papio anubis* neumanni Matschie. Neumann’s Olive Baboon.

1897. Papio neumanni Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1897: 161. O!
Doinyo Lengai, south of Lake Natron, Rift Valley, northern Tanganyika Territory.
Records. — Generally distributed in suitable locdides in Lushoto, Moshi, Arusha,
Masai (east of the Rift Wall), Mbulu (east of the Rift Wall), Kondoa, Dodoma
and Singida Districts.

Papio anubis cf P. a. tessellatus (Elliot).t Anltole Olive Baboon.

1909. Papio tessellatum Elliot, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 247, Sept. Mulema,
north-east of Chitanda Hill, Ankole District, south - west Uganda Protectorate [0° 58' S.,
30° 58' E., 5,000 feet].

Record.— Bs.nz.gii Ikoma; Mwanza, Ukerewe Island; Handajega, Zagajni; Ushi-
rombo; Kasulu, Makere; Luiche Scarp.

Papio cynocephalus cynocepi-ialus (Linnaeus). Yellow Baboon.

1766. Simia Cynocephalus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1: 38. Inland from
Mombasa, Kenya Colony.

1893. Papio thoth ibeanus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 47, Jan. Lamu, east
coast of Kenya Colony [2° 16' S., 40° 54' E., sea-level].

Records. — Widespread in suitable localities in Tanga, Handeni, Same, Moshi,
Uzaramo, RuSji, Morogoro, Kilosa, Ulanga, Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, Mikindani,
Newala, Masasi, Tunduru, Songea, Kondoa, Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Singida,
Mwanza, Kwimba, Iringa, Chunya, Mbeya and Rungwe Districts; Kibwesa.

Genus Cercopithecus Linnaeus. Gueaous.

1758. Cercopitheci Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 26. As a subgroup [=subgcnus
in the modem sense] of Smia Linnaeus; type, by subsequent designation (Stiles and
Orleman, 1926, J. Mammal. 1: 48, 15 Feb.), Simia diana Linnaeus. Adopted as the
correct name (in the singular form, Cercopithecus), author and genotype for the guenons
[vide Opin. int. Comm. zool. Norn., no. 104, in Smithson misc. Coll. 73 (5): 25, 19 Sept.,
1928].

Aetkiops group. Black-faced Vervets, Grivets, Green Monkeys.
Kiswahili : tumbili, ngedere.

Cercopithecus aethiops centralis Neumann. Bukoba Green Monkey.

1960. Cercopithecus centralis Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 533, 10 Oct. Bukoba,
west shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. “Generally distributed in suitable localities in Bukoba, Musoma, Mwanza,
Maswa, Buha, Kigoma, Tabora and Chunya Districts.

* G. M. Allen (1939: 161) has recommended that P. anubis (J. B. Fischer, 1829, Synop. Mammal.,
p. 33; upper Nile) should be dropped in favour of P. (Pucheran, IQ56, Rev. Mag. Zool.

8; 96, Feb.; 1857, dr. 9: 250, June; Abyssinia) on the grounds that J. A. Allen (1925: 315)
considered the foimer to be “ absolutely indeterminable.” It appears to us that P. anubis is
a valid name as it was based on a full description and good coloured plate of the “ Anubis ” in
Geoffroy and Cuvier’s Histoire naturelle des Mammiferes (vol. 3, livr. 50, Jime, 1825).
t Doubtfully separable from P.a. anubis (J. B, Fischer), of the upper Nile.

VOL. XX

300 G. H. SwrNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Cercopithecus aethiops johnstoni Pocock. Kilimanjaro Green Monkey.

1885. Cercopithecus pyerythrus Johnston, Proc. zool. Soc. Lend. 1885: 216, 1 Aug.
Misprint of C. pygerythrus (F. Cuvier).

1907. [Cercopithecus pygerythrus] johnstoni Pocock, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1907:
738, 8 Oct. Old Moshi, 5,000 feet, south slopes of Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika
Territory.

i?ecori5.--Coinmon in suitable localities in Tanga, Lushoto, Pare, Moslii,
Arusha, Masai, Mbulu, Morogoro, Kilosa, Mptvaptva, Dodoma, Kondoa, Manyo-
ni, Singida, Iringa, Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, Mikindani, Newala, Masasi, Tunduru
and Songea Districts.

Cercopithecus aethiops nesiotes Schwarz. Pemba Green Monkey.

1926. Cercopithecus aethiops nesiotes Schwarz, Z. Sdugetierk. 1: 42, 31 Aug.
Chake Chake, Pemba Island.

i?ecori.~Endemic on Pemba Island.

Mitis group. Blue or Sykes’s Monkeys.

Kiswahili: kima.

Cercopithecus mitis albogularis (Sykes). Sykes’s Blue Monkey.

1831. Semn[opithecus]} albogularis Sykes, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1830-1831:
106, 5 Aug. Zanzibar Island [fide Schwarz, 1927, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 19: 152, Jan.].

Records. — Maha, Tumbatu and Zanzibar Islands.

Cercopithecus mitis doggetti Pocock. Ankole Blue Monkey.

1907. [Cercopithecus leucampyx] doggetti Pocock, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1907:
691, 9 Oct. Between Lake Karenge and Burumba, north of the Kagera River, Ankole
District, Uganda Proteaorate [5,000 feet] [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946:
402].

Records.— Msenyi.

Cercopithecus mitis kibonotensis Lbnnberg. Kilimanjaro Blue Monkey.

1908. Cercopithecus albogularis kibonotensis Lonnberg, Wiss. Ergebn. schwed.
zool. Exped. Kilmandjaro 2: Mamm.^ p. 3. Kibongoto, south-west foothills of Kiliman-
jaro, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru and the rivers flowing off them; Usa; Gonja,
Pare Mts., Same; Usambara Mts.; Magroto Hill; Mkulumuzi River; coastal
forest near Tanga and Pangani.

Cercopithecus mitis moloneyi P. L. Sclater. Lake Nyasa Blue Monkey.

1893. Cercopithecus moloneyi P. L. Sclater, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893: 252, pi. 17,
Aug. Karonga, north-west shore of Lake Nyasa, northern Nyasaiand [9° 56' S., 33°
56' E., 1,600 feet].

/?ecorJs.~South- western Tanganyika; forested areas on the Uzungwa and Living-
stone Mts.; the Nkuka Forest on Rungwe Mt.; forest on the northern slopes
ofMbeyaMt.; Ufipa.

Cercopithecus mitis monoides I. Geoffrey, Rufiji Blue Monkey.

1841. C[ercopithecus] monoides I. Geoffroy, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 2;
558, pi. 31. Rufiji River at 8° S., eastern Tanganyika Territory [fide Schwarz,
1928a: 656].

RecorJi'.—Forested areas in Kilosa, Mpwapwa, Morogoro, Rufiji, Kilwa, Lindi
and Mikindani Districts; Mahura.

Cercopithecus mitis neumanni Matschie*. Kavirondo Blue Monkey.

1905. Cercopithecus neumanni Matschie S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1905; 266.
Sidho (Kitoto’s), Nyando Valley, central Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony [0° 7' S.,
35° 7' E.].

RecorJr.— Rift Wall at Mto wa Mbu; upper Mara River.

* Doubtfully separable from C.m. stuhbnanni Matschie [1893, S.B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1893:
225], from north of Kinyawanga, near Beni, Scmliki Valley, eastern Belgian Congo.

301

Jan, 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals
Nictitans group. “Putty”-nosed Monkeys.

Cekcopithecus nictitans schmidti Matschie. Uganda Putty-nosed Monkey.

1892. Cercopithecus Schmidti Matschie, Zool. Anz. 15; 161, 2 May, Between
Mengo (Kampala) and Murchison Bay, Uganda Protectorate [fide Moreau, Hopkins
and Hayman, 1946: 403].

Records. — Misenyi; west of Kasulu.

Genus Erythrocebus Trouessart. Red Monkeys.

1897. Erythrocebus Txovi^s,2cn, Cat. Mammif. Viv. Foss., n. 19. As a sub-

genus of Cercopithecus Linnaeus; genotype, by subsequent designation (G. M. Allen,
1939: 153), Simiapatas Schreber.

Erythrocebus patas baumstarki Matschie. Ikoma Patas Monkey,

1905. Erythrocebus baumstarki Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1905:
273, Ikoma, Musoraa District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Nairobi; Kisongo; between Banagi and Ikoma; Handajega.

Subfamily COLOBINAE Elliot. Leaf-eating Monkeys.

Genus Colobus Illiger. Colobus or Gnerezas.

1811. Colobus Illiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 69. Genotype, by subsequent
designation (I. Geoffroy, 1851, Cat. tnith. Coll. Mamrnif. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, p. 17),
Colobus polycomos {Schx^hQv) =Cebus polykomos Zimmermann.

Subgenus Colobus Illiger. Black-and-white Colobus.

Kiswahili : mbega

Colobus abyssinicus caudatus Thomas. SQliman|aro Black-and-white Colobus.

1885, Colobus guereza caudatus Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1885: 219, pi.
12, 1 Aug. Useri, 3,000 feet, eastern foothills of Kilimanjaro, northern Tangan5^ka
Territory,

Records.— FoxqsXs on and near Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru.

Colobus abyssinicus matschiei Neumann. Neumann’s Black-and-white Colobus.

1899. Colobus matschiei Neumaim, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1899: 15. Sidho
(Kitoto’sl, Nyando Valley, Central Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony [0° T S,, 35°
7'E.].

Records. — Junction of Orangi and Grumeii Rivers, east end of Speke Gulf; Nasa.

Colobus angolensis adolfi-friederici Matschie. Kivu Black-and-white Colobus.

1914, Colobus adolfi-friedcrici Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 337,
July. Rugege Forest, nortli-east of Lake Kivu, Belgian (Mandated) Ruanda.
Record,— Minziro Forest.

Colobus angolensis palliatus Peters. Pangani Black-and-white Colobus.

1868. Colobus palliatus VeXQxs, Mber. preuss. Akad.Wiss., Berl. !%%%'. 637. Lower
reaches of the Ruvu (or Pangani) River, north-eastern Tanganyika Territoiy.

Records.— Amani, Amboni, Ndarema, Sigi River; Pangani, lower Ruvir (or Pangani)
River; Usambara Mts. at Kizerui, Lutindi Hill, Magamba, Misdai, middle
Umba River; near Dar es Salaam, Uzaramo; Uluguru Mts. at Bagiro, Nyange,
Nyingwa, Vituri; Mafwemera Mts,

Colobus angolensis sharpei Thomas. Nyasa Black-and-white Colobus.

1902. Colobus sharpei Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1902 (1): 118, 1 June.
Fort Hill, North Nyasa District, northern Nyasaland [9° 43' S., 33° 16' E., ca 4,000 feet].
Records. — Forested areas in south-western Tanganyika; Iringa, possibly Dabaga;
Livingstone Mts. in the Fungwe Forest; Ngozi Crater on the Poroto Mts.,
Nkuka Forest on Mt. Rungwe.

302

VoL. m

G. H. SwYNNlRTONj F.2.S., Checklist of Land Mammals
Subgeaus Frocolobus Rochcbrune. Red Colobus.

1886-87. Procolohus Rochebrune, Pawie Sendganibie, Suppl. 1: 95, 97, pi. L
Genotype, by monotypy, Colobus rufornitratus Peters.

Colobus badius gordonorium (Matschie). Uhehe Red Colobus,

1900. Piliocolobus gordonorum xViatsdiie, S. B. Gcs. naturf. Fr. Berl. ISOO: 186.
Uzungwa Mts., Iringa District, Tanganyika Territory.

Dabaga, Uzungwa Mts.

Colobus B^\mus kirkii Gray. Kirk’s Red Colobus.

1868. Colobus kirkii Gray. Proc. zooL Soc. Land. 1868 : 180, pi. 15 [trivial name here
spelt “ kirki ”], May. Zanzibar Island.

Record.— Endemic on Zanzibar Island.

Colobus badius tephrosceles Elliot. Ruwenzori Red Colobus.

1907, Colobus tephrosceles Elliot, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 195, Sept. Ruahara
River, 4,000 feet, east slopes of Mt. Ruwenzori, Toro District, Uganda Protectorate.

1914. Tropicolobus gudoviusi Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 340, July.
South-southeast of Lake Burigi, between Rusubi and Ihangiro, west of Lake Victoria,
Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— lAteix Lake Burigi; Biharamulo, Nyakakhi, Nyarambuga River, Ruiga
River; Moyowosi River; Mahari Mts., Niamanzi River.

Family PONGIDAE Elliot. Apes,

Genus Pan Oken*. Chimpanzees.

1816, Pan Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch. 3 (2): xi, 1230, Genotype Pan africanus
Oken—Smia troglodytes Blumenbach. (See Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom., no. 114, in
Smithson misc. Coll. 73 (6): 25, 8 June, 1929.)

Kiswahili: soko mm.

Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii (Giglioli). Long-haired Chimpanzee.

1872. Troglodytes Schweinfurthii Giglioli, Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova 3: 114,
footnote, 135. Upper Uele River drainage, Niam-niam country, north-east Belgian
Congo.

Records.— E2&I of Lake Tanganyika from the Urundi border in the north soutli-
wards to the Mahari Mts. and Ubende; hills north-east of Lugufu, and on Mt.
Kapalagulu; upper Kampisa Valley, Kibwesa, Kungwe Mt., Lugala Hills,
Lunguma Mt.

Family HOMINIDAE Gray. Man.

Genus Homo Linnaeus.

1758. Homo Lirmaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 20. Genotype Homo sapiens Lin-
naeus,

Kiswahili : binadarnu.

Homo sapiens Linnaeus. Modern Man.

1758. Homo SapmisEivmSieus,, Syst. Nat., cd. 10, 1: 20. Sweden.

Ubiquitous in suitable localities.

Order FHOLIDOTA Weber.

Family MANIDAE Gray.

Genus Manis Lmnaeus. Pangolins, Scaiy Ant-eaters.

1758, Manis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i: 36; 1766, op. cit., ed. 12, 1: 52.
Genotype, by monotypy, Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus.

Replaces the more familiar Anthropopithecus Blainville (1838, Ann. franc, etrang. Anat. Physiol.,
Paris 2: 360. Genotype Anthropopithecus troglodytes = Simia troglodytes Blumenbach),
which has been rejected [vide Opin int. Comm. zool. Norn., no. 90].

303

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Subgenus Smutsia Gray. Gi-omid Pangolins,

1865. Smutsia Gray. Proc. zool Soc. Loud. 18S5: 360, 369, Oct. Tj^e, by original
designation, Manis teniminchii Smuts.

Kiswahili : kakakuona.

Manis temminckii Smuts. Temrainck’s Ground Pangolin.

1832. Manis Temminckii Smuts, Enumecat. Mammal. Cap., p. 54, pi. 3, f, 6, 7.
“ Cape of Good Hope, from beyond Litakun

Records. — Widely, but apparently sparsely, distributed. Bagamoyo, Maixdera;
Morogoro; Dodoma; Manyoni, Wahumba; Serengeti; Banagi; Shinyanga;
Tabora; Chunya, Kwimba, Luika, Lupa Plateau, Njila, Patamera; Mukalizi.

Order LAGOMORFKA Brandt. Hares, Rabbits,

Family LEPORIDAE Gray.

Subfamily PALAEOLAGINAE Dice,

Genus Pronolagus L5^on. Rock “ Hares, ”

1904, Pronolagus Lyon, Smithson, misc. Coll. 4.5: 386, 416, 15 June, Genotype,
by original designation, Pronolagus crassicaudatus Lyon (not Lepus crassicaudatus
I. Geoffroy)— P. Thomas and Schwann Lyon, 1906, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 19:

95, 4 June].

Kiswahjli: kitungide.

Pronolagus crassicaudatus (I. Geoffroy).

1832. L{epus\ crassicaudatus I. Geoffroy, M.ag. Zool. 2; d. 1, pi. 9 and text, Durban,
Natal, South Africa [29° 52' S., 31° 3' E., 50 feet].

Note.~Thi% species has not yet been recorded from Tanganyika but is included here
in view of native reports of a red rock hare at Mnenya (Kondoa Distria), known
locally as ‘ ntuju in Unyamwezi (Tabora District), where it is known as ‘ mpu-
mbulu’; and Iramba (northern Singida District), where it is called ‘tisi’.
These names are all distinct from the names for the common hares in these areas.

Subfamily LEPORINAE Troucssait.

Genus Lepus Linnaeus. True Pferes.

1758. Lepus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat,, ed. 10, 1: 57. Genotype, by subsequent desig-
nation (W. L. Sclater, 1901, Fauna S, Afr., Mamin. 2: 92), Lepus timidus Linnaeus.
Kiswahili : stmgura.

Lepus capensis a_bbotti Hollister. Abbott’s Cape Hare.

1918. Lepus capensis abbotti Hollister, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 31: 35, 16 May.
Serengeti Plainsf, east of Kilimanjaro, Taka District, Kenya Colony [3° 25' S., 37° 55' E,,
3,500 feet].

Records.— T2Xig2i], near-Dar es Salaam; Engare Nairobi; Eiigare Nanyuki; Lol-
bene, southern Masailand; Berega; Irangi; Usongo; Igonda, Tabora; Miki-
ndani,

Lepus capensis CPjtwsHAVi de Winton, Ukaniba Cape Hare,

1899. Lepus crawshayi de Winton, Proc. zool. Soc. Land, 1899: 415, 416, pi. 24,
1 Aug. Kitui, 3,400 feet, Kitui District, Kenya Colony [1° 22' S., 38° T E.].

Records. — Bukoba; Iringa.

* The late Dr. Austin Roberts informed the authors {in litt.) that it had been his intention to nomin-
ate “ Vryburg district, north of Litakun, northern Cape Province, South Africa,” as type-locality,
t These Serengeti Plains are not to be confused with the better-known plains of the same name
lying many miles to the west, between the Rift Wall and Lake Victoria, in northern Tanganyika
Territory,

304

VOL. XX

G. H. SwYNHERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Lepus victoriae victoriae Thomas. Lake Victoria Hare.

1893. Lepus victoriae Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 268, Oct. Nasa, soutli of
Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, Mvvanza District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — ^Misinko, Msogaa, Ushora; Olduwai; Serengeti Plains; Nasa, Ukerewe
Island; Zagayu; Shinyanga; Ihila; Madehani.

Lepus whytei Thomas. Whyte’s Hare.

1894. Lepus whytei Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1894: 142, June. Palombe
River, Shirvi'a Plain, borders of Mlanje and Zomba Districts, southern Nyasaland
[15° 35' S., 35° 35' E„ ca 2,000 feet].

Recori^.—Lindi, Tendaguru.

Genus Oryctolagus LiUjeborg. True Rabbits.

1874. Oryctolagus LiUjeborg, Sverig. Norges Rygg. 1: 417, 441. As a subgenus
of Lepus Linnaeus; genotype, by original designation, Leptis cimiculus Linnaeus.

(Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (Linnaeus). Domesticated Rabbit.

1758. Lepus Cuniculus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 58. Southern Europe.
Amrtw.—Introduced under domestication.)

Order RODENTIA Bowdich, Rodents.

Suborder HYSTRICOMORPHA Brandt.

Superfamily BATHYERGOIDEA Osborn.

Family BATED'ERGIDAE Waterhouse.

Kiswahili : fuko.

Genus Heliophobius Peters. Blesmols.

1846. Heliophobius Peters, Ber. Verb, preuss. Akad. iFm., Berl. 1846: 259, Aug.
Genot3T-''e, by monotj^jy, Heliophobius argenteocinercus Peters.

Heliophobius spalax Thomas.

1910. Heliophobius spalax Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6: 315, Sept. Taveta,
2,500 feet, south-east of Kilimanjaro, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 25' S., 37° 40' E.].
Record.— -Engavc Nairobi.

Heliophobius argenteocinereus argenteocinereus Peters. Zambesi Blesmol.

1846. Heliophobius argenteo-cinereus Peters, Ber. Verh. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl.
1846: 259, Aug. Tete, south bank of Zambesi River, Boroma District, Portuguese
East Africa [16° 9' S., 33° 36' E., 250 feet].

Records. — Bagamoyo, Mandera; Tendaguru.

Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini Noack. Emin’s Blesmol.

1893. Heliophobius emini Noack, Zool. Jb., Syst. 7: 559, pi. 18, f. 5-9, 23 Dec.
Kingolwira, Morogoro District, Tanganyika Territory.

i?ecord5."—Amani ; Kingolwira, Morogoro; Kipera; Dodoma; Kakoma (subsp.
incert.); Shiny angs. (stibsp. incert.).

Heliophobius argenteocinereus albifrons (Gray).

1864. Georychus albifrons Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1864: 123, July. East Africa,
possibly Tanganyika Territory; the type was collected by Capt. Speke between
September, 1860 and February, 1863.

Records. — Morogoro; Liwale,

Heliophobius argenteocinereus pallidus (Gray)*.

1864. Georychus pallidus Gray, Proc. zool. Soc, Land. 1864: 124, text-f. 2, 7, July
East Africa.

Record. — Karagwe.

Ellerraan (1940, 1: 85) has iadicated that this species may be synonymous with H.a. albifrons
(Gray).

305

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals
Genus Cryptomys Gray. “ Mole ’’-rats.

1864. Cryptomys Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Lend. 1864: 124, text f. 3, 6, Juy. As a
subgenus of Georychus Illiger; genotype, by monot5^y, Georychusjholosericeus Wagner.
Cryptomys hottentotus occlusus G. M. Allen and Loveridge.

1933. Cryptomys hottentotus occlusus G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus.
comp. Zool. Harv. 75: 125, Feb. Kigogo, 6,000 feet, Uzung^va Mts., Iringa District,
Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Mt. Hanang; Kigogo; Liwale.

Cryptomys hottentotus whytei (Thomas).

1897. Georychus whytei Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897 : 432, 1 Oct. Karonga,
north-west corner of Lake Nyasa, northern Nyasaland [9° 56' S., 33° 56' E., 1,600 feet].
Records.— Poroto Mts. at Igali; Ilolo, Tuku50i.

Superfamily HYSTRICOIDEA Gill.

Family ECHIMYIDAE Miller and Gidley,

Genus Thryonoaiys Fitzinger. Cane-rats.

1867. Thryonomys Fitzinger, S. B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 56 (1): 141. Genotype
Aulacodus semipalmatus Iicug]m= Aulacodus variegatus Peters.

1922. Choeromys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 390, April. Genotype, by
original designation, Aulacodus gregorianus Thomas.

Kiswahili: tidezi.

Thryonomys gregorianus cf T. g, gregorianus (Thomas). Lesser cane-rat.

1894. Aulacodus gregorianus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 202, Feb. Luijireru
River, 5,700 feet, in Kikuyu, north of Fort Hall, Kenya Colony [0° 35' S., 37° 5' E.].
Record.— KsxQvm.

Thryonomys swinderianus variegatus (Peters.). Larger Cane-rat.

1852. Aulacodus variegatus Peters, Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 138. Tete, south
bank of Zambesi River, Boroma District, Portuguese East Afnca [16° 9' S., 33° 36' E.,
250 feet].

Records.— Tmga; Lake Jipe; Arusha Chini; Kiugoni; Mkindo River, Mhonda;
Kilosa, Kipera, Madazini, Miyombo; Matandu River, Mbemkuru River,
Rovuma River; Lake Bicha, Kondoa, Lake Serya; Mwanza, Ukerewe Island;
Ugala; Karema; Lupa River, Lake Rukwa, Songwe (Rukwa) River; Mombo
(Saisi) River.

Family HYSTRICIDAE Burnett. Porcupines.

Genus Hystrix Linnaeus*.

1758. Hystrix Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 56. Genotype, by subsequent
designation (W. L. Sclater, 1901, Fauna S. Afr., Mamm.2: 89), or tautonomy
Thomas, 1911, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1911: 144], Hystrix cristata Liimaeus.

Kiswahili: mingu.

Hystrix africaeaustralis /tFRiCAEAusTRAiis Peters.

1852. Hystrix Africae australis Peters, Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 170, pi. 32.
f. 6, 7 (skull). Querimba Coast, northern coastal Portuguese East Africa [ca 10° 30' to
12° S., 40° 30' E., sea-level] [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 430].

Record. — Kitaya.

Porcupines are more widespread and common than the few records given here would appear
to indicate. Their quills may be found in almost all parts of Tanganyika. However, more
records are not included as it is uncenain to which species they should be referred.

306

VoL. XX

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Hystrix africaeaustralis prittwitzi F. Muller.

1910. Hystrix africae-australis prittwitzi F. Muller, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1910: 311, text-f. 2, 313 (subspecific name omitted), Oct. Tabora, in Unyanyembe,
Tabora District, Tanganyika Territory,

Records. — Ringori Juu; Ugogo; Tabora, Unyamwezi; Galagala River.

Hystrix africaeaustralis subsp.

Record. — ^Zanzibar Island.

Hystrix galeata ambigua LOnnberg.

^ 1908. Hystrix galeata ambigua Lbnnberg, Wiss. Ergebn. schwed. zool. Exped.

Kilimandjaro 2: Mamm., p. 29. pi. 5, f. 3. (skull). Kibongoto, south-west foothills of
Kilimanjaro, Moshi District, Tanganyika Territory.

1910. Hystrix galeata Idnnbergi F. Muller, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1910: 314,
text-f. 4, 315, Oct. Mamba, east of Marangu, eastern foothills of Kilimanjaro, northern
Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro up to 1 1,500 feet; Mt. Meru rain-forest at 3,000
metres.

Hystrix galeata conradsi F. Muller.

1910. Hlystrix] galeata conradsi F. Muller, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr, Berl. 1910:
314, Oct. Ukerewe Island, Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory [fide G. M. Allen and
Loveridge, 1933: 127].

Records. — Serengeti Plains; Ukerewe Island; Shanwa, Zaga}^!; Shinyanga.
Hystrix galeata lademanni F. Muller.

1910. Hlystrix] galeata ludemanni {sic) F, Muller, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1910:
314, Oct. Kondoa, in Irangi, Kondoa District, central Tanganyika Territory [fide
Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 430].

Records. — ^Kilosa, Kipera; Kondoa; Puma; Kimatu, Mikwesi, Ndaburo; Dodoma;
Rumuli.

Superfamily CAVIOIDEA Kraglievich,

Family CAVIIDAE Waterhouse.

Genus Cavia Pallas. Guinea-pigs, Cavies.

1766. Cavia Pallas, Misc, Zool., p, 30. Genotype Cavia cobaya Pallas
porcellus Linnaeus.

(Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus). Domesticated Guinea-pig.

1758. Mus Porcellus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 59. Brazil, South America.
Status. — Introduced under domestication.)

Suborder SCIUROMORPHA Brandt.

Family SCIURIDAE Gray. Squirrels.

Tribe Funambulini Simpson. African Tree Squirrels,

Kiswahili : kindi, kidiri.

Genus Heliosciurus Trouessart.

1880. Heliosciurus Trouessart, Le Naturaliste 1: 292, 1 Oct. As a subgenus of
Sciurus Linnaeus; genotype, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1897, Proc. zool.
Soc. Lond, 1897: 933), Sciurus annulatus Desmarest.

Subgenus Heliosciurus Trouessart.

Heliosciurus gambianus rhodesiae (Wroughton).

1907. Funisciurus annulatus rhodesiae Wroughton, Mem. Manchr. lit. phil. Soc.

307

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynnertoNj f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

51 (5): 15, 13 March, Road to Chiwale’s, 4,000 feet, Alala Plateau on top of the Mu-
chinga Scarp, Serenje District, Northern Rhodesia [Chiwale’s is at 13° 46' S., 30° 5' E.].
Kakoma; Kitungulu.

Heliosciurus gambianus mutabilis (Peters),

1852. Sciurus mutabilis Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1852: 273, May;
Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 131, pi. 30; pL 32, f. 2. Boror, 12 miles north-west of
Quelimane, Portuguese East Africa [17° 50' S., 36° 45' E., coastal],

1867. Macroxus shirensis Gray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 327, Nov. Shire River,
southern Nyasaland.

Records. — Madehani; Nkuka Forest; Igali.

Heliosciurus gambianus undulatus (True).

1892. Sciurus undulatus True, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 15: 465, text-f, 3, 26 Oct.
Kih’manjaro, 6,000 feet, Kenya Colony [fide Hollister, 1919 : 1 1, who states that the type
came from “ British East Africa ”=Kenya Colony],

Records. — Amani, Magroto, Mkulumuzi Caves; Pangani; Bumbuli, Bungu, Mombo;
Kahe, Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro; Arusha.

Heliosciurus gambianus dolosus Thomas,

1909. Heliosciurus undulatus dolosus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 100, Aug,
Mafia Island, opposite the Rufiji River delta, off the east coast of Tanganyika Territory.
Records. — Mafia and Zanzibar Islands.

Heliosciurus gambianus nyansae (Neumann).

1902. Sciurus nyansae Neumann, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1992; 56. Sidho
(Kitoto’s), Nyando River Valley, Central Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony [0° 7' S.,
35° 7' E.].

Kiantwara,

Subgenus Aethosciurus Thomas.

1916. Aethosciurus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 17; 271, March. Genotype,
by original designation, Sciurus poensis A, Smith.

Heliosciurus lucifer (Thomas).

1897. Xerus (Paraxerus) lucifer Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 430, 1 Oct.
Forested summits in the Masuku Range, North Nyasa District, northern Nyasaland
[ca 9° 42' S., 33° 30' E„ 5,500 feet*].

Record. — ^Nkuka Forest.

Heliosciurus vexillarius (Kershaw). Swyimerton’s Forest Squirrel.

1923. Funisciurus vexillarius Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 591: May.

Lushoto, Usambara Mts,, north-eastern Tanganyika Territory.
i?ecorij.~Usambara Mts. at Lushoto and Magamba.

Genus Paraxerus Major. African Bush Squirrels,

1893, Paraxerus Major, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893: 189, pi. 8, f. 22; pi. 9, i.
23, 1 June. As a subgenus of Xerus Ehrenberg; genotype Sciurus cepapi A. Smith.

1918. Tamiscus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 33, Jan. Genotype, by original
designation, Sciurus emini Stuhlmann.

* The altitude “ 7,000 feet ” given in the original is incorrect since the highest point of the Masuku
Range is little over 5,500 feet.

VOL. XX

308 G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Paraxerus cepapi yulei (Thomas).*

1902. Funisciurus yulei Thomas^ Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1902 (1): 120, 1 June.
Mwenzof, Northern Province, north-eastern Northern Rhodesia [9° 20' S., 32° 40' E.,
5,000 feetl.

Records. — Igigwa, Kakoma, Mawele, Tabora; Kigoma; Kasanga.

Paraxerus ochraceus ochraceus (Huet).

1880. Sciurus ochraceus Huet, Noiiv. Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 3: 154, pi. 7,
f. 2. Bagamoyo, east coast of Tanganyika Territory.

1909. Paraxerus ochraceus salutans Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 106, Aug.
Dar es Salaam, east coast of Tanganyika Territory.

Reccn-ds. — Bagamoyo, Dunda, Ukwere; Dar es Salaam, Dilangilo, Kiserawe,
Mafisi; Kingolwira, Kinole, Mkindo River, Morogoro; Mkata River, Lukinga;
KongTS'a; Dodoma; Bubu River; Urugu; Lupa Bridge, Ngomba River,
Njila; Mambwe.

Paraxerus ochraceus aruscensis (Pagenstecher).

1885. Sciurus cepapi Smith vscc. Aruscensis Tagtnstecher, Jb. hamburg. wiss. Anst.
2: 42. Arusha, south-west foot of Mt. Meru, northern Tanganyika Territory.

1894. Sciurus paidi Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1894: 256. Ndarcma,
Usambara Mts., Tanga District, north-eastern Tanganyika Territory. [Probably a
synonym of P.o. aruscensis (Pagenstecher).]

Records. — Amboni, Mkulumuzi Caves, Ndarema; Pangani, Ruvu (or Pangani)
River near the coast; Mombo; Mwembe; Kibongoto, Rombo; Arusha, forest on
Mt. Meru; Lendanai.

Paraxerus palliatus bridgemani Dollman.

1914. Paraxerus bridgemani Dollman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 152, Aug.

Induk, 700 feet. Panda, Portuguese East Africa.

Records.—^peixre, Murembwi River; Nchingidi; Kitaya, Mikindani.

Paraxerus palliatus suahelicus (^eumann).

1902. Sciurus palliatus suahelicus Neumann, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1902: 178.
Northern coastal aiea of Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— hraaxd, Mkulumuzi Caves, Tanga; Pangani; Bagamoyo, Kingoni,
Mtoni; Dar es Salaam, Dilangilo, Kiserawe; Bogoti, Mgeta, Mhonda, Morogoro,
Nguru, Ukutu, Wami River; Kipera, Madazini, Mbweni, Mkata River; upper
Bubu River; Ndogwe.

Paraxerus palliatus frerei (Gray).

1873. Macroxus annulatus, var. Frerei Gray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 265, Sept.
Zanzibar Island.

1906. Funisciurus palliatus Lastii Thomas, Ann. Mag. ttat. Hist. 18: 297, Oct.
Zanzibar Island.

Records.- — Mafia and Zanzibar Islands.

* Recorded by G. M. Allen and Loveridge (1933: 98) as P.c. quotas Wroughton (1909, Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. 3: 516, June; near the Dikulwe River, Katanga, Belgian Congo) but, on geo-
graphical grounds, specimens from south-western Tanganyika are probably referable to P.c.
yulei (Thomas) whose type-locality is intermediate between that of P.c. quotas and the locahties
listed above.

t P.c. yulei was founded on a specimen which came in a collection of mammals from northern
Nyasaland, north-eastern Northern Rhodesia and the Lake Mweru area. On the original label
attached to the type-specimen the collector entered “ Mwezo ” as the locaUty at which the
squirrel was obtained, and to this Thomas added “ near Lake Mweru; ” this is generally quoted
as the type-locahty of P.c. yulei. However, no “ Mwezo ” can be traced in the neighbourhood
o Lake Mweru and it is suggested that the locality is, in fact, Mwenzo, a mission station on the
old Stevenson Road between Lake Nyasa and the south end of Lalce Tanganyika, and within
the area from which the collection came. Mwenzo lies just inside Northern Rhodesia.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

309

Paraxerus flavivittis exgeanus Hinton.

1920. Paraxerus flavivittis exgeanus Hinton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 311, March.
Kilwa Kisiwani, east coast of Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kilwa Kisiwani; Lindi, Mbanja, Nchingidi, Tendagum; Kitaya.
Par.\xerus flavivittis ibeanus Hinton.

1920. Paraxerus flavivittis ibeanus Hinton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 312, March.
Mombasa, east coast of Kenya Colony [4° 3' S,, 39° 40' E., sea-level].

Records. — Kingoni; Dar es Salaam; Morogoro.

Paraxerus cf P. vulcanorum (Thomas).

1918. Tamisais vulcanorum vulcanorum Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 35, Jan.
Bnhumba, 6,500 feet, south-west slopes of Mt. Karisimbi, ^vu District, Belgian
Congo [1° 31' S., 29° 21' E.].

Records. — Kakindu; MkaUnzi.

Paraxerus byatti byatti (Kershaw).

1923. Funisciurus byatti Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11 : 592, May. Old Moshi,
south slopes of Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Amani; Mt. Lutindi; Kilimanjaro, Old Moshi; Bagiro, Nyangc,
Nyingwa; Kigogo.

Paraxerus byatti laetus (G. M. Allen and Loveridge).

1933. Aethosciunis byatti laetus G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. comp.
Zool. Harv. 75 : 96, Feb. Madehani, Livingstone Mts., Njombe District, south-western
Tanganyika Territory

Records. — Madehani; Kitesa Forest.

Tribe Xerini Simpson. African Ground Squirrels.

Genus Xerus Ehrenberg.

1833. Xerus Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys., Mamm. 1: sign, ee, text to pi. 9, Aug. As
a subgenus of Sciurus Linnaeus; genotype Sciurus {Xerus) brachyotus Ehrenberg =
Sciurus rutilus Cretzschmar.

Xerus rutilus saturatus Neumann.

1900. Xerus saturatus Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 546, 10 Oct. Kibwezi, 80
miles north-west of Voi, Machakos District, Kenya Colony [2° 25' S., 37° 57' E., 2,985 feet]
i?ccord5.— ’Mkomazi, Mombo; Kilimanjaro foothills; Engare Nanyuki; Longido.

Suborder MYOMORPHA Brandt.

Superfamily ANOMALUROIDEA Gill.

Family ANOMALURIDAE Gill.

Genus Anomalurus Waterhouse. Scaly-tailed “Flying Squirrels.”

1843. Anomalurus Waterhouse, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1842: 124, Jan. Genotype,
by monotypy, Anomalurus fraseri Waterhouse.

Anomalurus fraseri orientalis Peters.

1880. Anomalurus orientalis Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1880: 164,
pi. (col.). “ Zanzibar Coast,” i.e. the mainland coast of East Africa opposite Zanzibar
Island [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 414].

Records. — Amani, Magroto, Sigi River; Mhonda, Vituri,

Anomalurus fraseri cinereus Thomas.

1895. Anomalurus cinereus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 188, Feb. Upper
Rovuma River, towards Lake Nyasa, Songea District, southern Tanganyika Territory.
Records.* — Kilwa, Makumba; Khuma; upper Rovuma River.

G. M. Allen and Loveridge (1933: 91) give a doubtful record from the Nkuka Forest, RunSw
Mt., under “ ? Anomalurus orientalis Peters.”

310

G. H. SvmmERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

Superfamily PEDETOIDEA.

Family PEDETIDAE Owen-
Kiswahili: kamendegere.

Genus Pedetes lUiger. Spring Haas, Jumping “ Hares. ”

1811. Pedetes lUiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 81. Genot}^, by monotypy,
Dipus cafer Pallas.

Pedetes cafer taborae G. M. Allen and Loveridge. Unyamwezi Spring Haas.

1927. Pedetes cafer taborae G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Proc. Boston Soc. nat.
Hist. 38: 438, Dec. Tabora, in Unyamwezi, western Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Ibunua, Sunaj Handajega, Serengeti; Shinyanga; Kahama; Tabora.

Pedetes cafer dentatus Miller. Ugogo Spring Haas.

1927. Pedetes cafer dentatus Miller, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 40: 113, 26 Sept.
Near Dodoma, in Ugogo, central Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Near Morogoro; Kibaya, southern Masailand; Umbugwe; Kondoa,
Sandawe; near Dodoma; Mikwesi.

Superfamily MUROIDEA Miller and Gidley.

Family GLIRIDAE Thomas.

Kiswahili: pony a miti.

Genus Graphiurus Smuts*. African Dormice.

1832. Graphiurus Smuts, Enum. Mammal. Cap., p, 32. Genotype Graphiurus
capensis Smuts— ocularis A. Smith.

Subgenus Claviglis Jentink.

1888. Claviglis Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. 10: 41. Genotype, by original desig-
nation, Claviglis crassicaudatus Jentink.

Graphiurus parvus cf G. p. dollmani Osgood.

1910. Graphiurus parvus dollmani Osgood, Field Mus. Publ., Zool. 10: 15, 7
April. Lukenya Hill, 20 miles south-east of Nairobi, Machakos District, Kenya Colony
1°30' S., 37° 4' E., 5,000 to 6,029 feet].

Record. — ^Kibongoto.

Graphiurus murinus collaris (G. M. Allen and Loveridge).

1933. Claviglis soleatus collaris G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. comp.
Zool. Harv. 75: 122, Feb. Madehani, 7,200 feet, Livingstone Mts., Njombe District,
Tangan3dka Territory.

Records. — Madehani; Mambwe.

Graphiurus murinus isolatus Heller. Taita Forest Dormouse.

1912. Graphiurus murinus isolatus Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 59 (16): 3, 5 July.
Mt. Umingu, 5,000 feet, north end of Taita Hills, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3°
20' S., 38° 23'_E.].

Records. — ianga, Ndarema; Mgera; west slope of Kilimanjaro at 8,500 feet,
Kibongoto; Kisokwe, Njogi; Dodoma; Konko; western side of Wemberc
Plain; Dabaga.

* Some authors (Sherborn, Neave) ascribe this genus to Cuvier (1829, in GeoflFroy and Cuvier,
Hist. nat. Mammif., vol. 3, livr. 60, p. 2, Sept.). Cuvier, however, did not use a generic name,
but referred to the “ Graphiure du Cap,” to wliich he gave the specific name “ Capensis.” This
reference, then, is technically invalid.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.S,. Checklist of Land Mammals 311

Graphiurus microtis (Noack)*.

1887. Eliomys microtis Noack, Zool.Jb. 2: 248, pi. 9, f. 19-22, 7 May. Mpala’s,
west shore of Lake Tanganyika, in Marungu, Belgian Congo [6® 45' S., 29° 31' E.,
3,900 feet].

Records.-— Kamzm-y Bukoba; Kasulu.

Graphiurus smithii (Thomas).

1893. Myoxus (Eliomys) Smithii Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 267, Oct.
Nasa, south shore of Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

1900. [Eliomys murinus] subrufus Neumann, Zool. jfb., Syst. 13: 547, 10 Oct.
Tanga, north-east coast of Tanganyika Territory. [Probably a synonym of G. smithii
(Thomas).]

Records.— Mgera, Morogoro; Nasa; Bukoba; Kakoma.

Family MURIDAE Gray.

Subfamily MURINAE Murray.

Genus Grammomys Thomas. Tree Rats.

1915. Grammomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. fiat. Hist. 16: 150, Aug. Genotype, by
original designation, Mus dolichurus Smuts.

Kiswahili: panya mitt.

Grammomys surdaster surdaster (Thomas and Wroughton). Nyasaland Tree Rat.

1908. Thamnomys surdaster Thomas and Wroughton, Proc. zool. Soc. Land.
1908: 550, 30 Oct. Zomba, southern Nyasaland [15° 24'S., 37° 17' E., ca 3,000 feet].
Records. — Amani, Magroto; Mt. Lutindi, Magamba; Kibongoto, Rombo; Bagiro,
Bogoti, Kinole, Mkangazi, Morogoro, Uluguru Mts.; Tendigo; Kainam;
Bukoba, Bumbiri Island; Dabaga, Kigogo; Madehani.

Genus Oenomys Thomas. Rusty-nosed Rats.

1904. Oenomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 416, June. Genotype, by origin-
al designation, Mus hypoxanthus Pucheran.

Kiswahili: panya.

Oenomys hypoxanthus (Pucheran).

1855. Mus hypoxanthus Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7: 206, April. Gaboon.
/?ecord.— Tanganyika Territory, according to a St. Leger MS in the British Museum.

Genus Dasymys Peters. Shaggy Swamp Rats.

1875. Dasymys Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1875: 12. Genotype,
by monotypy, Dasymys gueinzii Peters incomtus Sundevall.

Kisw'ahili: panya.

Dasymys incomtus helukus Heller. Uasin Gishu Shaggy Swamp Rat.

1910. Dasymys helukus Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 54 (4): 2, pi. 1, b (skuU), 28
Feb. Sergoit, 10 miles north-east of Eldoret, Uasin Gishu District, Kenya Colony
[0° 39' N., 35° 23' E., ca 7,000 feet].

Records. — Uluguru Mts.; Dabaga, Kigogo; Madehani, Njombe; Igali; Ilolo;
Mtumba.

* Considered by G. M. Allen (1939: 309) to be a synonym of G.m. murinus (DesmaTsst, 1822,
Encycl. mith., Mamm., Suppl., p. 542; Cape of Good Hope, South Africa); treated as a valid
species by EUerraan (1940: 610) and Hatt (1940; 1).

312 G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.zj.j Checklist of Land Mammak VoL. m

Genus Arvicanthis Lesson. Unstriped Grass Mice,

1842. Arvicanthis Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim.y Mammif., p. 147, Nov.
Genotype, by monotypy and original designation, “ Lemmus niloticus ” E. Geoffroy,
1803 =Hypudaeus variegatus Lichtenstein, 1823 [fide Yerbury and Thomas, 1895, Proc.
zool. Soc. Land. 1895; 553, footnote] =/lrcico/a niloticus Desmarest, 1822.

Kiswahili: panya.

Arvicanthis abyssinicus reichardi (Noack)*. Ufipa Unstriped Grass Mouse.

1887. Pelomys reichardi Noack, Zool.Jb. 2 : 235, pi. 9, f. 4-7, 7 May. Near Karema,
east shore of Lake Tanganyika, Mpanda District, western Tanganyika Territory.
Records. — Near Karema; Sumbawanga.

Arvicanthis abyssinicus cf A. a. virescens Heller. Taita Unstriped Grass Mouse.

1914. Arvicanthis abyssinicus virescens Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 63 (7): 11, 24
June. Voi, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 24' S., 38° 33' E., 1,830 feet.].

Records. — Kibosho; Same.

Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens Wroughton. Bunyoro Unstriped Grass Mouse,
1909. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens Wroughton, Ann. Mag. not. Hist. 4: 538*
Dec. Kibiro, east shore of Lake Albert, Bunyoro District, Uganda Protectorate [1°
40' N., 31° 15' E., 2,025 feet].

Records.— Kakindu.

Arvicanthis abyssinicus muansae Matschie. Usukuma Unstriped Grass Mouse.

1911. Arvicanthis abyssinicus muansae Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1911: 339, Oct. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Banagi; Mwanza; Lalago, Sanga, Shanwa, Zagayu,

Arvicanthis abyssinicus neumanni (Matschie). Barungi Unstriped Grass Mouse.

1894. Mus neumanni Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1894: 204. Barungi,
Kondoa District, central Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — IGbaya, Longido, southern Masailand; Barungi, Kwa Mtoro; Ikikuyu
Kidenge, Mpanira; Dodoma; Ibunua; Ikimgi, Msogaa, NshinsW, Puma,
Singida, Suna, Unyang’anyi.

Arvicanthis abyssinicus tenebrosus Kershaw. Unyamw^ezi Unstriped Grass
Mouse.

1923. Arvicanthis abyssinicus tenebrosus Kershaw, Ann. Mag, not. Hist. 11: 595,
May. Tabora, in Unyamwezi, western Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Igonda, Isikisia, Tabora.

Genus Pelomys Peters. Creek Rats,

1852. Pelomys Peters, Mber. preiiss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1852: 275, May. As e
subgenus of Mus Linnaeus; genotype, by monotypy, Mus {Pelomys) fallax Peters.
Kiswahili: panya.

Pelomys fallax iridescens Heller. Taita Creek Rat.

1912. Pelomys fallax iridescens Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 59 (16): 12, 5 July.
Mt. Mbololo, 5,000 feet, Taita Hills, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 18' S., 38° 27' E.].

Records.- — 'Amani, xMagroto; Ambangulu, West Usambara Mts.; Kiserawe;
Kibongoto; Mt. Meru foothills; Bagiro, Kinole, Morogoro, Nyange, Nyingwa,
Uluguru Mts.; Tendigo; RumuU.

* Ellerman (1941; 125) includes Pelomys reichardi Noack in the synonymy of Arvicanthis a.
abyssinicus (Riippell, 1842, Mus. senckenb. 3: 104, pi. 7, f. 1; Entschetqab, Simen Province,
Abyssinia), though he lists more than ten other valid subspecies of A. abyssinicus between the
type-localities of reichardi and abyssinicus. G. M. Allen (1939: 377) places reichardi as a valid
subspecies of Arvicanthis niloticus (Desmarest, \d>22, Encycl. mhh., Mamm., p. 281; Egypt).

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

313

Pelomys FALLAS INSIGNATUS Osgood. Nyasa Creek Rat.

1910. Pelomys fallax msignatus Osgood, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 276, March.
Fort Hill, North Nyasa District, northern Nyasaland [9° 43' S., 33° 16' E.,ca 4,000 feet].
Nchingidi; Ilolo, Tukuyu; Surabawanga.

Genus Lemniscomys Trouessart. Striped Grass Mice.

1881. Lemniscomys’ Trouessart, Bull. Soc. £tud. sci. Angos 10; 124. As a sub-
genus of Mus Linnaeus; genotype, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1916, Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. 18 : 67, July), Mus barbarus Linnaeus.

Kiswahili: panya.

Lemniscomys barbarus cf L. b. convictus (Osgood). Taita Striped Grass Mouse.

1910. Arvicanthis barbarus ccmvictus Osgood, Field Mus. Publ., Zool. 10: 10, 16
Feb. Voi, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 24' S., 38° 33' E., 1,830 feet].

Record. ~KMmm)?ao foothills.

Lemniscomys barbarus manteufeli Matschie. Usukuma Striped Grass Mouse.

1911. Lemniscomys barbarus manteufeli Matschie, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1911: 338, Oct. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.- — Mwanza; Bukoba, Mtagata.

Lemniscomys barbarus speicei (de Winton). Speke’s Striped Grass Mouse.

1897. Arvicanthis Spekei de Winton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 318, Sept. Un5^a-
mwezi. Western Province, Tanganyika Territory.

i?ecord5.— Barungi, Irangi; Ikungi, Misinko, Ndogwe, Nshinshi, Puma, Suna;
Ndala; Isikisia, Tabora, Ugala Wver.

Lemniscomys striatus massaicus (Pagenstecher). Naivasha Punctated* Grass Mouse.

1885. Mus {Lemniscomys) barbarus L. var Massaicus Pagenstecher, Jb. hamburg.
wiss. Anst. 2: 45. Vicinity of Lake Naivasha, Rift Valiev, Ker.ya Colony [0° 45' S., 36°
22' E., ca 6,300 feet] {fide HoUister, 1919: 139]-
/Record.— Ukerewe Island.

Lemniscomys striatus ardens (Thomas). Klllmaniaro Punctated Grass Mouse.

1910. Arvicanthis pulchelliis ardens Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6: 313, Sept.
Rombo, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, south-east foothills of Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika
Territory.

Records.— Kibongoto, Lyamungu, Rombo,

Lemniscomys striatus cf L. s. luluae Matschiet. Lulua Punctated Grass Mouse.

1926. Lemniscomys liduae Matschie, Z. Sdugetierk. 1: 112, 24 Dec. Near Lulua-
bourg, Lulua River, Kasai District, Belgian Congo [6° 0' S., 22° 30' B.][fide Hatt, 1940b:
509, footnote].

Record. — Mtumba .

Lemniscomys griselda maculosus (Osgood). Taita Single-striped Grass Mouse,
1910. Arvicanthis dorsalis maculosus Osgood, Field Mus. Publ., Zool. 10; 17,
7 April. Voi, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 24' S., 38° 33' E., 1,830 feet].

Record^.— Kainam; Barungi,

Lemniscomys griselda rosalia (Thomas). Nguru Single-striped Grass Mouse,
1904. Arvicanthis dorsalis rosalia Thomas, Atm. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 414, June.
Mhonda, Nguru Mts., eastern Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Koxogwf, Vihingo; Bogoti, Mhonda, Mkindo River, Morogoro, Nyange,
Wami River; Kilosa, Kipera, Ulaya: Njombe.

* Tne word “ punctated ” is here used to indicate a dark surface marked with light longitudinal
lines broken into spots, or light spots arranged in longitudinal hnes j compare this with “ striped ”
where the light lines are sohd, not broken into spots,
t Considered by Hatt (1940b: 509, 511) to be a synonym of L.s. striatus (Linnaeus, 1758, Syst.
Nat., ed. 10, 1: 62) from Sierra Leone.

314 G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. XX

Lemniscomys macculus macculus (Thomas and Wroughton), Toro Single-striped
Grass Mouse.

1910. Arvicanthis macculus Thomas and Wroughton, Trans, zool. Soc. Land. 19:
515, pi. 24 (left-hand f.), March. Mohokya, bwetween the south-east foot of Mt Ru-
wenzori and Lake George, Toro Distria, Uganda Protectorate [0° 5' N., 30° 3' E.,

3.400 feet].

Genus Rhabdomys Thomas. Four-striped Grass Mice.

1916. Rhabdomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18: 69, July. Genotype, by
original designation, Mus pumilio Sparrman.

Kiswahili: panya.

Rhabdomys pu.milio diminutus (Thomas).

1893. Isomys pumilio diminutus Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1892: 551, April.
Mianzim’, on top of east wall of Rift Valley east of Naivasha, Naivasha District, Kenya
Colony [0° 47' S., 36° 30' E., ca 8,000 feet].

/?^corJ5.— Bismarck Hut, Marangu, Rombo, Shira Plateau at 12,100 feet; rim of
Ngorongoro Crater; Dabaga, Kigogo, Rumuh; Njombe, Madehani, Tandala;
Ilolo, Nyamwanga.

Genus Aethomys Thomas. Bash Rats,

1915. Aethomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 16: 477, Dec. As a subgenus
of Epimys Trouessart=/?arr?f5 G. Fischer; genotype, by original designation, Epimys
hindei (Thomas).

Kiswahili: panya

Aethomys kaiseri hindei (Thomas.) Ukamba Bush Rat.

1902. Mus Hindei Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 218, March. Machakos,

5.400 feet in LTkamba, Machakos District, Kenya Colony [1° 32' S., 37° 16' E.].
i?^coris.-—-Ambom, Magroto; Kibongoto.

Aethomys kaiseri manteufeli (Matschie). Usukuma Bush Rat.

1911. Mus {Epimys ?) manteufeli Matschie, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Pr. Berl. 1911: 341,
Oct. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Record.— Iringa; Mara River; Mwanza,

Aethomys walambae pedester (Thomas). Kigezi Bush Eat.

1911. Epimys walambae pedester Thomas, sinn. Mag, nat. Hist. 8: 376, Sept.
Kigezi, 6,000 feet, Buftimbira County, Kigezi District, Uganda Protectorate [1° 16' S.,
29° 46' E.j.

Record.-— .

Aethomys chrysopeiilus singidae (Kershaw). Turu Bush Rat,

1923. Rattus {Aethomys) chrysopkihis singidae Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12:
535, Oct. Ikungi (Gwao’s), in Turu, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Lendanai, Longido; Ikungi, Mbono, Misinko; Morogoro; Iringa;
Tendaguru.

Genus Thallomys Thomas, Pencil-tailed Tree Rats.

1920. Thallomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 141, Jan. Genotype, by origin-
al designation, Mus nigricatida Thomas.

Kiswahili: panya miti.

Thallomys damarensis scotti Thomas and Hinton. East African Pencil-tailed
Tree Rat.

1923. T[hallomys] scotti Thomas and Hinton, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1923: 493,
494, 3 Sept. Yata Plains, 4,000 feet, east of junction of Thika and Tana Rivers, Kitui
District, Kenya Colony [ca 0° 55' S., 37° 42' E.j.
l?cc(3r4.“=Kikuyu.

315

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

Genus Rattus G. Fisdier. Typical Rats.

1803. Ruttus [sic] G. Fischer, Natmm. Naturg. Paris 2: 128. Genotype, by
subsequent designation (Hollister, 1916, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 126, 6 June), Mus
deatmamis Pallas=M<i norvegicus Berkenhout.

1881. Epimys Trouessart, Bull. Soc. £tud. sci. Angers. 19: 117. As a subgenus
of Miis Linnaeus; genotype Mus rattus Linnaeus.

Kiswaliili: panya.

Subgenus Rattus G. Fischer. House Rats.

(Rattus iuvttus rattus (Linnaeus). Black Rat.

1758. Mus Rattus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 61. Upsala, Sweden.
Records. — Amani, Tanga; Korogwe; Bagamoyo; Kiserawe; Kingolwira; Moro-
goro; Lyamungu; Kibaya; Barungi; Kigwa, Tabora; Bukoba; Zanzibar and,
possibly, Mafia and Pemba Islands.)

(Rattus rattus alexandrinus (E. Geolfroy). Alexandrine Black Rat.

1803. Mus alexandrinus E. Geolfroy, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, p. 192.
Alexandria, Egypt.

Records.— Bagamoyo; Dar es Salaam; Morogoro; Ilonga, Kilosa; Kimbande;
Dodoma; Ikungi; Misinko, Puma, Sima; Zaga5ni; Zanzibar and, possibly,
Pemba Islands.)

(Rattus rattus fruguvorus (Rafmesque). Cream-bellied Black Rat.

1814. Muscidus frugivoTus Rafinesque, Pric. Dicouv. Trav. som., p. 13. Sicily.
Rccordi.— Tendagura; Kimbande; Kisa; Mafia and Pemba Islands.)

Rattus rattus kijabius (J. A. Allen). Kijabe Black Rat.

1909. Mus kijabius J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 26: 169, 19 March.
Kijabe, east wall of Rift Valley, Kiambu District, Kenya Colony [0° 55' S., 36° 4' E.,
6,800 feet].

Records.— M^Lgvoto; Usambara; Kitaya; Dabaga; liolo; Mwanza, Ukerewe
Island; Ujiji.

(Rattus rattus wroughtoni Hinton. Wroughtoa’s Black Rat.

1919. Rattus rattus wroughtoni Hinton, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 384, 20 May.
Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills, southern India.

Record.— Zanzibar Island.)

(Rattus rattus rufescens (Gray).

1837. Mus rufescens Gray, Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 585, Nov. Western India,
Records.- Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.)

(Rattus norvegicus norvegicus (Berkenhout). Brown Rat.

1769. Mus norvegicus BsTkcrdiout, Outl. nat. Hist. Gt. Brit. Irelatid 1: 5. Great
Britain.

Records. — Pangani; Bagamoyo; Kimbande; Zanzibar Island.)

Subgenus Praomys Thomas. Soft-furred Rats.

1915. Praomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 477, Dec. As a subgenus of
Epimys Trouessart== Rattus G. Fischer; genotype, by original designation, Epimys
tidlbergi (Thomas).

Rattus jacksoni jacksoni (de Winton)*. Entebbe Soft-furred Rat.

1897. Mus Jacksoni de Winton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 318, Sept. Entebbe,
north shore of Lake Victoria, Uganda Protectorate [0° 4' N., 32° 28' E., ca 3,800 feet].
Records. — Kibongoto; Bagiro, Morogoro.

* Considered by Ellerman (1941: 208) to be a subspecies of Rattus tullbergi (Thomas, 1894,
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 205, Feb.; Anicober River, Ashanti, Gold Coast) which, according
to Hatt (1940b: 533), is itself a subspecies of R. mono (Troussesart, 1881, Bull. Soc. Enid, sci
Angers iQ: 121 1 Cameroon Mt., British (Mandated) Cameroona).

VOL. XX

316 G. H. SWYNNBRTON, F.Z.S., Cfiecklist of Laitd Mammals

Rattus JACKSON! MELANOTUS (G. M. Allen and Loveridge). Poroto Soft-furred Rat.

1933. Praomys tullbergi melanotus G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. comp.
Zool. Harv. 75: 106, Feb. Nyamwanga, 6,400 feet, south slopes of Poroto Mts., Tanga-
nyika Territory.

Records.— Kigogo; Madeliani; Nyamwanga, Ilolo, Nkuka Forest-
Rattus jacksoni octomastis (Halt). Mbuiu Soft-furred Rat.

1940. Praomys jacksoni octomastis Hatt, Amer. Mus Novit. 1070; 2, 17 May.
“ Old Mbulu Reserve ” (=Kainam), 6,000 feet, Mbulu District, Tanganyika Territory.

i?£t'ord.”—Known only from the tj^e-locality.

Rattus taitae (Heller). Taita Soft-furred Rat.

1912. Epimys taitae Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 59 (16): 9, 5 July. Mt. Mbololo,
5,000 feet, north end of Taita Hills, Kenya Colony [3° 18' S., 38° 37' E.].

Records.— M.zgtoto-j Kinole, Uluguru Mts.

Subgenus Hylomyscus Thomas. Climbing Rats.

1926. Hylomyscus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 17: 178, Jan. Genotype, by
original designation, Epimys aeta Thomas.

Rattus carillus weileri Lbimberg and Gyldenstolpe.

1925. Rattus (Praomys) weileri Lbnnberg and Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool. 17 B (5):
3, 2 May. Burunga, 2,400 metres, w’est slopes of Mt. Mikeno, Mufumbira Range,
Kivu District, Belgian Congo [1° 26' S., 29° 20' E.].

Records.— Vimd: Kigogo; Madehani.

Subgenus Myoaiys Thomas. African Meadow Rats.

1915. Myomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 16: 447, Dec. As a subgenus of
Epimys Trouessart G. Fischer; type, by original designation, Epimys colonus
(A, Smith) =Mm5 colonus Brants.

Rattus fumatus fumatus (Peters). Ukamba Meadow Rat.

1878. Mus fumatus Peters, Mber. pretiss Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1878: 200. Ukamba,
Kenya Colony.

Record.— Moxogoio.

Subgenus Mastomys I'homas. Shamba Rats, Multimammate Rats.

1915. Mastomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 16: 477, Dec. As a subgenus
of Epimys Trouessart G. Fischer; type, by original designation, Epimys coucha
(A. Smith).

Rattus coucha* microdon (Peters). Zambesi Shamba Rat.

1852. Mus microdon Peters, Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 149, pi. 35, f. 5, 6; pi. 36,
f. 1. Tete, south bank of Zambesi River, Boroma Distria, Portuguese East Africa
[16° 9' S., 33° 36' E., 250 feet].

Records.— Mhmjai ELitaya; Masasi; Kimbande.

* Mus natalensis A. Smith (1834, S. Afr. quart. y. 2: 156, Feb.; about Durban, Natal),

A. Smith (1834, op. cit. 2: 157, Feb.; “ CafFerland ”, South Africa), and Mus marikquensis
A. Smith (1836, Rpt Exp. C. Afr., p. 43; “ the country beyond Kurrichaine,” South Africa)
are all earlier names for the Multimammate Rats than Mus coucha A. Smith (1836, Rpt Exp.
C. Afr.i p.43; “the country between the Orange River and the Tropic” of Capricorn, South
Africa). However, in view of the long-standing use of the name coucha for these rats, and in order
to avoid confusion, this name is retained here. It is felt that a good case could be made out for
suspending the Rules in favour of the more widely and commonly used Rattus coucha (A. Smith).
Roberts (1944: 239) considered R. coucha (A. Smith) to be a synonym of R. marikquensis (A.
Smith).

317

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Rattus coucha durumae (Heller). Swahili Shamba Rat.

1912. Epimys coucha durumae Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 59 (16): 9, 5 July.
Mazeras, 12 miles north-wesr of Mombasa, K'lifi District, Kenya Colony [3° 57' S.,
39° 32' E., 530 feet].

Records. — Amani, Magroto, Tanga; Bumbuli.

Rattus coucha hildebrandtii (Peters). Taita Shamba Rat.

1878. Mits Hildebrandtii Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1878: 200.
Ndi, 12 miles north of Voi, Taita Distria, Kenya Colony [3° 14' S., 38° 30' E., 1,900 feet].
Kibongoto, Lyamungu; Engare Nanyuki, Longido.

Rattus coucha victoriae (Matschie)*. Usukuma Shamba Rat.

1911. Mus (Epimys) microdon victoriae Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1911:
342, Oct. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Mantuyu; Bagiro, Bogoti, Mltarazi, Matomondo (Nguru), Mkindo
River, Morogoro, N5?ange, Tawa, Vituri; Ilonga, Kimamba, Mkata River,
Rudewa; southern Masailand; Mpanira, Matomondo (Mpwapwa); near Mbulu;
Barungi, Kondoa, Sandawe; Dodoma, Itiso; Iringa; Njombe; Ikoma; Koma,
Mwanza, Ukerewe Island; Sanga, Zagayu; Shinyanga; Mansimba; Kakoma,
Ugala River; Katavi Plain; Kasanga, Kitungulu, Mtumba, Sumbawanga.
Rattus coucha itigiensis (Hatt)*. Turu Shamba Rat.

1935. Mastomys coucha itigiensis Hatt, Amer. Mus. Novit. 791: 3, 11 April.
Ikungi (Gwao’s), Singida District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— lixingi, Msogaa, Ndogwe, Puma; Isikisia, Kigwa, Tabora.

Genus Mus Lixmaeus.

1758. Mus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1 : 59. Genotype Mus musculus Linnaeus.
1837. Leggada Gray, Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 586, Nov. Genotype Leggada booduga

Gray.

Kiswahili: panya.

Mus musculus musculus Linnaeus. Coramoii House Mouse.

1758. Mus Musculus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 62. Sweden.

Records.— Dat es Salaam; Pemba and, possibly, Zanzibar Islands.

The following seven species and subspecies of Pygmy Mice are often placed in the
genus Leggada Gray. Thomas (1919: 419) considered that Mus and Leggada “ are really
distinct natural groups which it would be both convenient and true to nature to recognise
as separate.” Miller (1912: 863) has pointed out that there are no characters which
distinguish Leggada from Mus,^ and this view is shared by ESlerman (1941 : 240) and Hill
and Carter (1941 : 85). We inchne to the latter view and regard Leggada as a strict synonym
of Mus.

Mus TRITON MURILLUS (Thomas). Machakos Pygmy Mouse.

1910. Leggada triton rnurilla’Ihova3&, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 91, Jan. Macha-
kos, 5,400 feet, in Ukamba, Kenya Colony [1° 32' S., 37° 16' E.].

Records. — ^Mombo; Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro 6,000 feet, Rombo; Dabaga, Kigogo,
Lmnina; Madehani; Ilolo; Mtumba.

Mus BELLUS BELLUS (Thomas). Ukamba Pygmy Mouse.

1910. Leggada bella Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 87, Jan. Machakos, 5,000
feet, in Ukamba, Kenj/a Colony [1° 32' S., 37° 16' E.].

Records. — Bagiro, Mkindo River, Morogoro, Nyange, Vituri; Kilosa; near
Mbulu; Dodoma; Matomondo River (Mpwapwa); Dombolo; Njombe; Meswa,
Nyegezi; Nyambiti; Zagayu; Igonda, Tabora.

An examination of the material in the British Museum suggests that R.c. victoriae (Matschie)
and R.c. itigiensis (Hatt) are synonymous with R.c. microdon (Peters).

318

G. H. SwYNKMTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Latid Mammals

VOL. XX

Mus BELLUS VICINUS (Thomas). Coastal Pygmy Mouse.

1910. Leggada bella vicina Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 88, Jan, Takaungu,
70 feet, Kilin District, Kenya Colony [3° 42' S., 39° 52' E.].

Records. — Kilindi, Mak^ala; Dunda; Dar es Salaam; Mbanja; Kitaya, Miki-
ndani.

Mus BELLUS INDUTUS (Thomas). Bechuanaland Pygmy Mouse.

1910, Leggada bella induta Thomas, Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 89, Jan. Malopo
River, west of Morokwen, northern Cape Province, South Africa,

IRecordi.—Ludilo; Njombe; Kasanga, Kitungulu.

Mus GERBILLUS (G. M. Allen and Loveridge), Ugogo Pygmy Mouse.

1933, Leggada gerbillus G. M. Allen and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv.
75; 112, Feb. Dodoma, in Ugogo, central Tanganyika Territory.

Record. — Known only from the type-locality,

Mus TENELLUS suAHELicus (Thomas). Swahili Pygmy Mouse.

1910. Leggada tenella suahelica Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6: 312, Sept.
Taveta, 2,500 feet, south-east of Kilimanjaro, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 25' S.,
37° 40' E.].

Record. — Marangu.

Mus BIRUNGENSIS Lonnberg and Gyldenstolpe. Birunga Pygmy Mouse.

1925. Mus birungensis LSnnberg and Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool. 17 B (5): 5, 2 May.
Mt. Mikeno, 3,400 metres, Birunga Volcanoes, Belgian Congo [1° 28' S., 29° 26' E.].
Record.-~¥jAxmn.

Genus Lophuromys Peters. Harsh-furred Mice.

1866. Lasiomys Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1866: 409, pi., f, 5-8.
Genotype, by monotypy, Lasiomys afer Peters = ? Mus sikapusi Temminck. Not Lasiomys
Burmeister, 1854, in Mammalia (Octodontidae).

1874. Lophuromys Vqxqts, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss..y Berl. 12AA: 234. Genotype
Lasiomys afer Peters =? Mus sikapusi Temminck. New name for Lasiomys Peters,
preoccupied.

Kiswahlli: panya,

Lophuromys aquilus aquilus (True). Kilimanjaro Harsh-furred Mouse.

1892. Mus aquilus True, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 15: 460, text-f. 1, 26 Oct. Kilima-
njaro, 8,000 feet, Moshi District, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Amani, Magroto; Bumbuli, Kizerui; Bismarck Hut, Kibongoto, Kilima-
njaro, Sliira Plateau at 11,500 feet; Bagiro, Mkindo River, Nyange, Nyingwa;
rim of Ngorongoro Crater; Dabaga, Kigogo; Ukerewe Island; Madehani;
Nkuka Forest; Igali.

Lophuromys sikapusi manteufeli Matschie. Maateufel’s Harsh-furred Mouse.

1911. Lophuromys sikapusi manteufeli Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1911:
335, Oct. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

1940. L^ophuromys} muansae Hatt, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 76 : 492, 3 July,
Nomen nudum', written in error for L. s. manteufeli Matschie, whose type-locality is
Mwanza [fide Hatt, in litt.].

Records. — Arnani; Ambangulu, west Usambara Mts.; Kinole, Uluguru Mts.;
Dabaga; Mwanza.

Lophuromys sikapusi ansorgei de Winton. Nzoia Harsh-furred Mouse.

1896. Lophuromys ansorgei de Winton, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1896: 607, pi. 27,
Oct. Mumias, 20 miles north-west of Kakamega on the Nzoia River, North Kavirondo

319

Jan. 1951 G. H, Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Manmak

District, Kenya Colony [0° 20' N., 34° 29' E., ca 4,200 feet].
i?ecor<i.~Madebam*.

Genus Acomys L Geoff foy. Spiny 2Viice»

1838. Acomys I. GeofFroy, Am. Sci. nat.^ Zool. 10: 126, Aug. Genotype, by
monotypy, Mus cahirinus Desmaiest.

Kiswahili: panya.

Acomys cf A. selousi de Winton. Selous's Spiny Mouse.

1897. Acomys selousi de Winton, Proc. zool. Soc. Lcmd. 1896: 807, pi. 40, f. 2,
April. Essex Farm, Essex Vale, iVlatabeleland, Southern Rhodesia [ca 20° 20' S., 29° E.,
3,800 feet].

Records. — Mkindo River; Mkata River; Manyoiii.

Acomys wilsoni wilsoni Thomas. Wilson’s Spiny Mouse.

1892. Acomys Wilsoni Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 22, July. Mombasa,
east coast of Kenya Colony [4° 3' S., 39° 40' E., sea-level].

Records. — Mkulumuzi Caves; Mgera; Lendanai.

Acomys nubilus Dollman.

1914. Acomys mibilus Dolhnan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14 : 486, Dec. Magadi,
southern Masailand, Kenya Colony [1° 52' S., 36° 18' E., 3,000 feet].

Record.-—Voot of Longido Mt.

Acomys cf A. albigena Heuglin. WMte-cheeked Spiny iMouse.

1877. Acomys albigena Heuglin, Reise Nordost-Afr. 2: 69. Bogos country, north-
ern Eritrea.

Record.=~M^groto.

Genus Saccostomus Petersf. Pouched Alice.

1846. Saccostomus Peters, Ber. Verb, preuss Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1846: 258, Aug.
Genotype, by monotypy, Saccostomus campestris Peters.

Kiswahili: panya.

Saccostomus campestris elegans Thomas. Nyasa Pouched Mouse.

1897. Saccostomus elegans Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 431, 1 Oct.
Karonga, north-east corner of Lake N5fasa, northern Nyasaland [9° 56’ S., 33° 56' E.,
1,600 feet].

/Jccordr.—Mpwapwa; Mizizikaunga; Zimba.

Genus Cricetomys Waterhouse?. Giant (Pouched) Rats.

1840. Cricetomys Waterhouse, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1840: 2, July. As a sub-
genus of Mus Linnaeus; genotype, by original designation, Cricetomys gambianus
Waterhouse.

Kiswahili: buku.

Cricetomys gambianus viator Thomas, Nyasa Giant Rat.

1904. Cricetomys gambianus viator ^ Thomas Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 413, June.
Likangala River, south-west of Lake Shirwa, Zomba District, Nyasaland [15° 25' S.,
35° 30' E., ca 6,500 to 1,700 feet].

Records.—Mzdeham; Nkuka Forest; Mbeya; Kilinga Stream,

* Geographically this record, given by G. M. Allen and Loveridge (1933: 114), should be referred
to L.5. manteufeli whose type-locahty is intermediate between that of L.s. ansorgei and Madehani.
It may be, however, as suggested by Allen and Loveridge {loc. cit.), that manteufeli is a synonym
of ansorgei and it is perhaps best to record the identification given by those who examined the
material until such a time as the relationship of these two races is worked out.
t Perhar* better classed as a member of the subfamily Dendromurinae Simpson, 1945: 208].
i We have followed Ellerman’s (1941: 286) grouping of the members of this genus under one
species rather than Hatt’s (1940b: 493) subdivision of the genus into three species.

320

VOL. XX

G, H, SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Cricetomys gambianus cosensi Hinton. Zanzibar Giant Rat.

1919. Cricetomys cosensiWmton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist, i: 286, Oct. Zanzibar Island.
Records. — Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.

Cricetomys gambianus osgoodi Heller. Swahili Giant Rat.

1912. Cricetomys gambianus osgoodi Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll, 50 ( 16) : 16, 5 July.
Mazeras, 12 miles north-west of Mombasa, Kilifi District, Kenya Colony [3° 57' S.,
39° 32' E., ca 600 feet].

Records. — Amani j Kilimanjaro foothills, Lyamungu, Macharae; Arusha; Bagiro,
Kinole, Morogoro, Uluguru Mts; Kilosa; Farkwa; Itiso; Mafia Island (near
C. g. osgoodi)-

Cricetomys gambianus cf C. g. proparator Wrougthon. * Euwenzori Giant Rat.

1910. Cricetoinys gambianus proparator Wroughton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 107,
Jan. Mubuku Valley, 6,000 feet, east slopes of Mt. Ruwenzori, Toro District, Uganda
Protectorate [0° 15' N; 30° 10' E.].

Record.— Bnkdbai Kigoma.

Subfamily DENDROMURINAE G. M. AUen.

Genus Dendromus A. Smith.* African Tree Mice.

1829. Dendromus A. Smith, Zool.J. 4: 438, May. Genotype, by original desig-
nation, Dendromus typus A. Smith mesomelas Brants.

1830. Dendromys J. B. Fischer, Synop. Animi., Add.^ p. 658. Substitute for Den-
dromus A. Smitlt.

1916. Poimys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18: 238, Aug. As a subgenus of
Dendrotnus A. Smith; type, by original designation, Dendromus melanotis A. Smith.

Kiswahili: panya miti.

Dendro.mus mesomelas nyasae Thomas.

1916. Daidromus nyasae Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18: 241, Aug. Nyika
Plateau, 6,500 feet, northern Nyasaiand [betvvcen 10° and 1 1° S., and between 33° 30' and
34° 10' E.j.

Records.— Kigogo’, Madehani; Rungt^'e Mt.

Dendromus mesomelas hintoni Bohmann.

1939. Detidromus mesomelas hintoni Bohmann, Zool Anz. 127: 171, 15 Aug.
Uluguru Mts., Morogoro District, Tanganyika Territory.

i?ecorJ5.— Morogoro, Nyingwa, Uluguru Mts.

Dendromus mesomelas kilimandjari Bohmarm.

1939. Dendromus mesomelas kilimandjari Bohmann, Zool. Anz. 127: 171, 15 Aug.
Peters’s Plut, 3,800 metres, south-east slopes of Kilimanjaro, Moshi District, Tanganydte
Territory.

1942. Dendromus mes[omelas] kilimanjari Bohmann, Zool. Anz. 139: 45 (text-f. 3),
46 (test-f. 4), 1 Aug.

Record.— Known only from the type-locality.

Dendromus whytei pallescens Osgood.

1910. Dendromus whytei pallescens Osgood, Field Mus. Publ, Zool. 10: 7, 16 Feb.
Lukenya Flill, Machakos District, Kenya Colony [i° 30' S., 37° 4' E., 5,000 to 6,029 feet].

Records. — Magroto; Mbanja.

Dendromus pumilio c/ D. p. pumilio (Wagner)j.

1841. Dendromys pumilio Wagner, Miinch. Gel. Anz. 12: 437, 17 March; Arch.
Naturgesch. 7 (1): 135. Cape PerJnsula, Cape Province, South Africa.

Records. Tanga; southern Masailand between Mgera and Irangi; Kipera; Igonda;
Bukoba.

* Shortly before going to press we located a copy of Bohmann’s (1942) revision of the genus Den-
dromus A. Smith. We do not agree with some of Bohmann’s conclusions and have decided not
to adopt his arrangement of the genus until we have had more time to examine it in detail,
f Shortridge (1942: 90) treats D. pumilio (Wagner) as a subspecies of D. mesomelas (Brants, 1827,
Ret Geslacht des Muizen, p. 122; near Zondags (Sunday’s) River, eastern Cape Province, South
Africa).

321

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, F.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

Dendromus pumilio uthmoelleri Bohmann.

1939. Dendromus pumilio uthmoelleri Bohmann, ZooL Anz. 127: 170, 15 Aug.
Bashai, 1,950 metres, Mbulu District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — ^Bashai, near Ufiome; Irangi.

Dendromus nyikae Wroughton.

1909. Dendromus nyikae Wroughton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3 : 248, March. Nyika
Plateau, northern Nyasaland [between 10° and 11° S., and between 33° 40' and 34°
10' E., 6,000 to 8,700 feet].

Record. — Ukerewe Island.

Dendromus nigrifrons nigrifrons (True).

1892. Dendromys nigrifrons True, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 15: 462, text-f. 2, 26
Oa. ICilimanjaro, 5,000 feet, northern Tanganjika Territory.

/Jecord.—kilimanjaro.

Genus Steatomys Peters, Fat Mice.

1846. Steatomys Peters, Ber. Verb, preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1846: 258, Aug.
Genotype, by monotypy, Steatomys pratensis Peters.

Kiswaliili: panya.

Steatomys loveridgei Thomas. Loveridge’s Fat Mouse.

1919. Steatomys loveridgei Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 33, July. Lumbo,
mainland opposite Mozambique Island, Portuguese East Africa [15° 1' S., 40° 40' E.,
sea-level].

i?ecorJ5.=—Misinko; Puma.

Steatomys muanzae Kershaw. Usukuma Fat Mouse.

1923, Steatomys muanzae Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 535, Oct. Nyambiti,
in Usukuma, Kwimba District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. —Kondoa; Mpwapwa; Zagayu; Nyambiti; Igonda; Mizizikaunga.

Subfamily OTOMYINAE Thomas. Groove-toothed Rats.

Kiswahili: panya.

Genus Oto.mys F. Cuvier. Swamp Rats.

1823. Otomys F. Cuvier, Dents Mamm.^ p. 168, pi. 60; 1824, op. cit., p. 255*.
Genotype, by subsequent designation (W. L, Sclater, 1899, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 1: 195,
March), Otomys irroratus (Brants).

1918. Anchotomys Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 2: 204, 208, Sept. As a sub-
genus of Otomys F. Cuvier; type, by monotypy and original designation, Euryotis
anchietae Bocage.

Otomys anchietae lagustris G. M. Allen and Loveridge. Ukinga Swamp Rat,
1933. Otomys {Anchotomys) anchietae lacustris G. M, Allen and Loveridge, Bull.
Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 75: 120, 7 Feb, Madehani, 7,200 feet, Livingstone Mts., Njombe
District, Tanganyika Territory.

^ecord^.—Dabaga; Madehani, Tandala; ilolo; Igali; Mtumba.

Otomys typus zinki Bohmann. Bohmann’s Swamp Rat.

1943. Otomys typus zinki Bohmdxm, Zool. Anz. 153, 15 Aug. Peters’s Hut,
3,800 metres, Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Record. — Apparently known only from the type-locality.

* Cuvier mentioned no specific names in connection with his new genus Otomys and it would appear
to be a ger.us caelebs. The use of the word on p. 168 is probably vernacular, while plate 60 has
no title though it is thought to portray the teeth of the animal later named Euryotis irrorata by
Brants. However, we are retaining it as a valid name for the members of this group on account
of its long usage and general acceptance.

322

G. H. SwYNNERToNj P.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

Otomys percivali DoUman. Percival’s Swamp Rat,

1915, Otomys percivali DoUman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 151, 168, Jan. Twelve
miles south of Lake 01 Bolossat, 8,700 feet, Naivasha District, Kenya Colony [0° 6' S.,
36° 24' E.].

Record.— Ydgogo.

Otomys angoniensis elassodon Osgood. Rift Valley Swamp Rat.

1910, Otomys angoniensis elassodon Osgood, Field. Mus. Publ, Zool. 10: 10, 16 Feb.
Naivasha, Rift VaUey, Kenya Colony [0° 43' S., 36° 25' E., ca 6,300 feet].

Records. — Kilimanjaro, Lyamungu, Rombo, Shira Plateau up to 12,500 feet; south
foot of Losimingur Mt.; Dabaga, Iringa, Rumuli.

Otomys divinorum Thomas. Kilimanjaro Swamp Rat.

1910. Otomys divinorum Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6: 311, Sept. Rombo,
5,300 feet, south-east slopes of Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika Territory.
Record. — Rombo.

Otomys kempi DoUman. Kemp’s Swamp Rat,

1915. Otomys kempi DoUman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 152, Jan. Burunga, 6,000
feet, west slopes of Mt. Mikeno, Mufumbiro Range, Belgian Congo [1° 26' S., 29° 20' E.].
/?ecorJ.--Nyingwa.

Otomys denti sungae Bohmann, Usambara Swamp Rat,

1943. Otomys denti sungae Bohmann, Zool. Anz. 143: 154, 15 Aug, Sunga, 1,900
metres, north end of Usambara Mts., Lushoto District, Tanganyika Territory.
i?ecord.--Apparently known only from the type-locaUty.

Subfamily CRICETINAE Murray.

Genus Mystromys Wagner.

1841. Mystromys Wagner, Munch. Gel. Anz. 12: 434, 17 March; Arch. Natur=
gesch. 7 (1): 132. Geno.ype, by monotypy, Mystromys albipes Wagner=Omwys

albicaudatus A. Smith.

Mystromys longicaudatus Noack.

1887. Mystromys longicaudatus Noack, Zool. Jb. 2: 246, pi. 9, f. 16-18, 7 May.
Igonda, 37 miles south of Tabora, Tanganyika Territory.

Known only from the type-locality.

Subfamily TACHYORYCTINAE MiUer and Gidley.

Genus Tachyoryctes RuppeU. *‘MoIe”“rats,

1835. Tachyoryctes RuppeU, N. Wirbelth. Fauna Abyss., Sdugeth., p. 35, footnote.
Genotype, by monotypy, Bathyergus splendens RuppeU.

KiswahiJi: fuko.

Tachyoryctes ankoliae Thomas. Ankole Mole-rat.

1909. Tachyoryctes ankoliae Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 545, Dec. Burumba,
5 miles north-east of the Kagera River at Nsongezi, Ankole District, Uganda Protectorate
[0° 58' S,, 30° 50' E., 1,580 metres.]

Record. — Bukoba.

Tachyoryctes daemon Thomas. Kilimanjaro Mole-rat.

1909. Tachyoryctes daemon Thomas. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 4: 545, Dec. KiUmanjaro,
5,000 feet, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Old Moshi, Kibongoto, Laitokitok, Lyamungu, Kilimanjaro, Marangu,
Rombo; Arusha, Engare Olmotoni, Mt. Meru at upper Umits of rain-forest,
4,000 metres; Banagi; Nyakahanga, Ruandalo.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

323

Subfamily GERBILLINAE Alston. Gerbils.

Genus Gerbillus Desmarest.

1804. Gerbillus'Dcsmaxt%\, Nouv. Diet. Hist.nat.2A (Tab. meth.): 22. Genotype
Gerbillus aegyptius Desmarest=Z)z/>?<s gerbillus Olivier.

Subgenus Dipodillus Lataste. Pygmy Gerbils,

1881. Dipodillus Lataste, Le Naturaliste 1: 506, 15 Nov; 1882^ op. cit. 2: 12,
15 Jan. As a subgenus of Gerbillus Desmarest; type Gerbillus simoni Lataste.

Gerbillus harwoodi luteus (DoUman). Masai Pygmy Gerbil.

1914. Dipodillus lutetisDoYimaxiy Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 489, Dec. Loita Plains,
6,500 feet. Southern Uaso Nyiro, Masai District, Kenya Colony.

Gulwe; Dodoma; Ikungi, Misinko, Msogaa, Puma, Urugu, Uihora;
Zagayu; Nyambiti; Usongo, Simbo.

Gerbillus pusillus Peters. Taita Pygmy Gerbil.

1878. Gerbillus pusillus Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. \818: 201. Ndi,

13 miles north of Voi, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 14' S., 38° 30' E., 1,900 feet]
[fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 418 ].

Kilonito; Barungi, Sandawe; Itiso.

Genus Tatera Lataste*. Gerbils,

1882. Tatera Lataste, Le Naturaliste 2: 126, 15 Aug. As a subgenus of Gerbillus
Desmarest; genotype, by original designation. Dipus indicus Hardwicke.

Subgenus Tatera Lataste.

Tatera robusta swaythlingi (Kershaw). Swaythling’s Gerbil,

1921. TateronaswaythlingiKQrshaw, Ann. Mag.nat. Hist.8: 565, Nov. Morogoro,
northern foot of Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Daltawa, Morogoro; Chanzuru, Ilonga, Kilosa, Kimamba, Mamboya;
Ikikuyu, Pwaga; Dodoma; Tashmata Bridge.

Tatera robusta vicina (Peters). Ukamba Gerbil.

1878. Gerbillus vicinusYs.tQXSi Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1818\ 200. Kitui,
in Ukamba, Kitui District, Kenya Colony [1° 22' S., 38° 1' E., 3,500 feet].

Records — Engare Nan}mki.

Tatera robusta muansae (Matschie). Usukuma Gerbil.

1911. Gerbillus {Tatera) vicinus muansae Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1911: 333, Oct. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Mgera; Chanzuru, Kimamba, Mbala, Ulaya; Kibaya; Sandawe;
Itiso; Ibunua, Puma, Ruruma; Banagi; Zagayu; Mwanza.

Tatera schinzi loveridgei Hatt. Loveridge’s Gerbil,

1935. Tatera nyassae loveridgei Halt, Amer. Mus. Novit. 191: 2, 11 April. Kilosa,
Tanganyika Territory.

Record. — Known only from the type-locality.

Tatera leucogaster cosensi (Kershaw). Cosens’s Gerbil.

1921. Taterona cosensi Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 8: 567, Nov. Vihingo,
8 miles south cf Ruvu Station, Uzaramo District, eastern Tanganyika Territory.
/Jecordj.— Kiserawe, Vihingo; Morogoro; Kisanga, Tendigo; Mbanja; Kitaya;
Masasi; Mugombia; Iringa; Njombe.

Davis’s (1949:1002) recent regrouping of the genus Tatera is here adopted.

VOL. XX

324 G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Tatera leucogaster taborae (Kershaw). Unyamwezi Gerbil.

1921. Taterona taborae Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 8; 566, Nov. Tabora, in
Unyanyembe, western Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Isikisia, Tabora; Sumbawanga.

Subgenus Gerbilliscus Thomas.

1897. Gerbilliscus Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1897: 433, 1 Oct. Genotype,
by original designation, Gerbillus bohmi Noack.

Tatera bohmi v/ r:a Heller. Masai Gerbil.

1910. Tatera varia Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 56 (9): 1, pi. 1, 4 f., 22 July.
Loletai Plains, near Southern Uaso Nyiro, Masai District, Kenya Colony [ca 1° 10' S.,
35° 50' E., 6,000 feet].

Records. — Dabaga, Iringa; Njombe; Tabora; Ukerewe Island; Bukoba.

Order CARNIVORA Bowdich.

Superfamily CANOIDEA Simpson.

Family CANIDAE Gray. Dogs, Jackals, Foxes.

Subfamily CANINAE GDI.

Genus Canis Linnaeus. True Dogs, Jackals.

1758. Canis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 38. Genotype Canis familiaris Lin-
naeus.

1816. Thos Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch. 3 (2): 1037. Genotype, by subsequent
designation (Heller, 1914, Smithson, misc. Coll. 63 (7): 1-3, 24 June), Thos vulgaris
Oken =Cow/5 attretis Linnaeus.

Eiiswahili: Dogs, mbwa; Jackals, bweha-
(Canis familiaris Linnaeus. Domesticated Dog.

1758. Canis familiaris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 38. Upsala, Sweden.
Generally distributed in a domestic state in suitable localities. The
presence of tsetse-flies {Glossina spp.) is a hmiting factor in the distribution of this
species, as it is with most forms of domestic animals.)

Canis aureus bea (Heller). East African Golden Jackal.

1914. Thos aureus bea Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 63 (7): 2, 5, 24 June. Loita
Plains, between AmaJa River and Southern Uaso Nyiro, Masai District, Kenya Colony.
Records. — Engare Nairobi, Kibongoto; Engare Nanyuki; Kitete; Serengeti Plains,
Lake Magadi, Olduvv'ai, Seronera River.

Canis adustus notatus (Heller). East African Side-striped Jackal.

1914. Thos adustus notatus Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 63 (7): 2, 4, 24 June.
Loita Plains, between Arnala River and Southern Uaso Nyiro, Masai District, Kenya
Colony.

Records. Nairobi, Kibongoto, Lyamungu, MosH, Old Moshi; Arusha;
Kibaya; Morogoro; Basotu, Ghatesh, Mt. Hanang, Ndareda; Itiso, Dodoma;
Rungwa, Usuhilo; between Durumo and Chulo Ravers, UKampiti; Olduwai;
upper Grumeti River, Ikoma, Serengeti Plains; Mwanza; Shinyanga; between
Kipembawe and Rungwa, Makongolozi, Mawoga; Nakachese, Mbeya Mt.;
generally distributed in Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, A^ndani, Ncwala, Masasi,
Tunduru and Songea Districts.

Canis mesomelas mcmillani (Heller). East African Black-backed Jackal.

1914. Thos mesomelas mcmillani Keller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 63 (7): 3, 6, 24 June,
Mtito Andei, 2,500 feet, 15 mDes south-east of Kibwezi, Machakos District, Kenya
Colony [2° 43' S., 38° 10' E.j.

325

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

Records. — Foothills of Kilimanjaro west of Laitoldtok; Arusha; Morogoro; Mkata
River; Kibaya, Lolkisale; Mang’ati Plains, Umbugwe; Kondoa, Sambala,
Sandawe; Gulwe, Mpwapwa, Zoisa; Dodoma; Ikungi, Mkalama, Msingi,
Suna; Makasuku, Mikwesi; Mufindi; Njombe; Ilolo, Nyamwanga; 01 Balbal,
Olduwai; Moru, Serengeti Plains; Zagayu; Sliinyanga; Tabora, Ugala River;
Lupa Bridge, Ngomba River; Kalambo l^ver.

Subfamily SIMOCYONINAE Zittel.

Genus Lycaon Brookes. African Wild Dogs.

1827. Lycaon Brookes, in Griffith’s Cuvier, Anim. Kingd. 5: 151. Genotype
Canis {Lycaon) tricolor 'Qxookts,— Hyaena picta Terominck.

KiswahiH; mbwa mwitu.

Lycaon pictus lupinus Thomas. East African Wild Dog,

1902. Lycaon pictus lupinus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 439, June. Molo
(Nyuki) River swamp, 2,000 metres. Rift VaPey, N^uru District, Kenya Colony [fide
Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 408].

Records. — Fairly generally distributed in Bagamoyo, Uzaramo, Kilosa, Kilwa,
Liwale, Lindi, Mikindani, Newala, Masasi, Tunduru, Songea, Arusha, Masai,
Kondoa, Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Manyoni, Musoma, Maswa, Mwanza, Btharamulo,
Shinyanga, Tabora, Kahama, Kigoma, Ufipa, Chunya and Mbeya Districts.

Subfamily OTOCYONINAE Trouessart.

Genus Otocyon Muller. “ Bat ’’“Cared Foxes

1836. Otocyon J. Muller, Arch. Anat. Physiol. Berl. 1836: L. Genotype, by mono-
typy, Otocyon coffer Lichtenstein megalotis Desmarest.

Otocyon megalotis virgatus Miller. East African Bat-eared Fos.

1909. Otocyon virgatus Miller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 52: 485, pi. 60-62, 18 Dec,
Naivasha Station, Rift Valley, Kenya Colony [0° 43' S., 36° 25' E., ca 6,300 feet].
Records. — Same; Arusha Chini; Kondoa; Kirurumo, Konlto, Manyoni, Mgandu,
Saranda; near Ikungi, Misinko, Nshinslii ; Sanya Plains, 01 Balbal, Olduwai, Kitete;
Banagi; Serengeti Hains, Seronera River; Zagayu; Shinyanga; Isikisia; Mbeya,
Ntungi,

Family MUSTELIDAE Swainson.

Subfamily MUSTELINAE Gill.

Kiswahili : kicheche.

Genus Ictonyx Kaup. African Polecats, Zoriilas, Stink Muishonds.

1816. Zorilla Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch. 3 (2): xi, 999, 1000 (here spelt “ Zorille ”).
Genotype, by tautonomy, Viverra zorilla Erxleben. Zorilla is possibly a nomen vanum
and is here dropped in favour of the commonly used Ictonyx Kaup[^de Howell, 1906,
Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 19: 46, 26 Feb.].

1835. Ictonyx Kaup, Das Thierr. 1: 352. Genotype, by monotypy, Ictonyx
capensis ¥csMp=Bradypus striatus Perry.

Ictonyx striatus albescens Heller. East African Polecat.

1913. Ictonyx capensis albescens Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 81 (13): 13, 16 Sept.
Summit of Mt. Lololokwi, Laikipia-Samburu District, Kenya Colony [0° 50' N., 37°
30' E., ca 4,000 feet.].

Records. — Liwale, Makata; Lindi; foothills of Kilimanjaro; Barungi; Ushora;
Igonda, Msima River, Tabora; Bukoba.

326 G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. xx

Genus Poecilogale Thomas. African Striped Weasels, Snake Muishonds.

1883. Poecilogale Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 370, 1 May. Genotype, by
monotypy and original designation, Zorilla albinucha Gray.

Poecilogale albinucha doggetti Thomas and Schwann. Ankole Snake Mulshond.

1904. Poecilogale doggetti Thomas and Schwann, Abstr. Proc. zool. Soc. Land.,
no. 6, p. 22, 26 April; Proc. sool. Soc. Lcmd. 1904 (1): 460, 2 Aug. Burumba, 5 miles
north-east of the Kagera River at Nsongezi, Ankole Distria, Uganda Protectorate
[0° 58' S., 30° 50' E., ca 5,000 feet].

Records. — Bukoba; Tabora; Poroto Mts.

Subfamily MELLIVORINAE Gill. Ratels.

Genus Mellivora Storr*. Honey Badgers, Ratels.

1780. Mellivora Storr, Prod. meth. Mammal., p. 34, tab. A, July. Genotype,
by indicationf, Viverra ratel Sparrman =Fwerra capensis Schreber.

Kiswahili: nyegere.

Mellivora capensis sagulata Hollister. East African Honey Badger.

1910. Mellivora sagulata Hollister, Smithson, misc. Coll. 56 (13): 2, 10 Oct. Kilima-
njaro, 5,000 feet, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Ubiquitous in suitable localities.

Subfamily LUTRINAE Baird.

Kiswahili : fisi maji.

Genus Lutra Brisson. Otters.

1762. Lutra Brisson, Regn. Anim., ed. 2, pp. 13, 201. Genot3rpe, by tautonomy and
subsequent designation (Merriam, 1895, Science 1: 376, 5 April), Lutra lutra Brisson
(“ Lutra castanei colons .... La Loutre ”)=Mustela lutra Linnaeus.

1772. Lutra Briinnich, Zool. Fundam., pp. 34, 42, 43. No genotype or trivial name
mentioned but, by tautonomy, it may be presumed to be Mustela lutra Linnaeus.

Subgenus Hydrictis Pocock.

1865. Hydrogale Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1BG5: 131, f. (skull), June. Genotype
by monotypy, Lutra maculicoUis Lichtenstein. Not Hydrogale Kaup, 1829, in Mammalia
(Soricidae).

1921. Hydrictis Pocock, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1921: 543, 9 Sept. Genotype
Lutra maadicollis Lichtenstein. New name for Hydrogale Gray, preoccupied.

Lutra maculicollis Lichtenstein. Spotted-necked Otter.

1835. Lutra maculicollis Lichtenstein, Arch. Naturgesch. 1 (1): 89, pi. 2, f. 1.
Bamboo Mts., Orange River, Cape Province, South Africa Shortridge, 1934: 187].
Records. — We have seen no published records of the occurrence of this otter in
Tanganyika though it does occur. Mx. C. J. P. lonides records it (in litt.) from
Mbamba Bay, Lake Nyasa.

* “ Mellivora” G. Edwards (in Catesby, 1771, Hist. nat. Carol. 1: 65, pi. 65; Catalogue, p. 2)
is not a technical name and does not preoccupy Mellivora Storr. In this connection, see also
Opin. int. Comm. zool. Norn. no. 89.

t Storr specified no genotype by name but referred in a footnote to “ Act. Holm. 1777, t. 4, f. 3.”
This refers to the figure accompanying the description of Viverra ratel Sparrman, the modern
version of the reference being: 1777, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 38: 147, pi. 4. f. 3.

327

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals
Genus Aonyx Lesson. African Clawiess Otters.

1827. Amyx Lesson, Man. Mamm., p. 157, May. Genotype, by monotypy,
Aonyx delalandi Lesson =Lwtm capensis Schinz.

Aonyx capensis helios Heller. Sodk Clawless Otter.

1913. Aonyx capensis helios Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (19): 1, 8 Nov. Sotik
area between Kisii and Kericho, South Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony [ca 0° 30 S.,
35° E.].

i?ecord5.“Kingoni; Bagiro, Bunduki; Tendigo; Wandawewe Hills; Dongobesh;
Lake Victoria; Karagv/e; Lake Rukwa, upper Lupa River, Sira River; Igali,
Kantesya River, Mbozi; Lake Tanganyika, Ifume River, Kalambo River.

Superfamily FELOIDEA Simpson.

Family VIVERRIDAE Gray.

SubfamUy VIVERRINAE Gill.

Genus Genetta Oken. Genets.

1816. Genetta Oktn, Lehrb. Naturgesch. {2): iOlO. As a subgenus of Fwerra
Linnaeus; genotype, by tautonomy, Viverra genetta Linnaeus. Not a generic name,
according to Sherbom (1922-32: 2656).

1816. Genetta G. Cuvier, R^gne Anim. 1: 156, Dec.* As a subgenus of Viverra
Linnaeus; genotype, by monotypy and tautonomy, Viverra— genetta Linnaeus*

Kiswahili : kanu.

Genetta genetta neumanni Matschiei Neumann’s Genet.

1902. G{enetta\ neumanni Matsdiie, Verh. int. zool. Congr. Berl. 1901: 1140.
Irangi, Kondoa District, central Tanganyika Territory [fide Hollister, 1918: 118].

Records. — Mto wa Mbu; Babati, Ndareda; Irangi, Kondoa; Kidenge; Dodoma, Itiso;
Itumba; Misinko, Ndogwe, Nshinshi, Singida, Suna; Mwagala; Isikisia;
Itewe, Mizizikaunga, Ntumbi, Zongwe Hill,

Genetta genetta cf G. g. pulchra Matschie.

1902. G[enetta] pulchra Matschie, Verh. int. zool. Congr. Berl. 1901: 1139. Oka-
wango (Cubango) River, South West Africa (yiie Shortridge, 1935, Mamm. S.W. Afr.
1 : 112).

/?ecorJ.— Murembwi River.

Genetta tigrina mossambica Matschie, Mozambique Bush Genet.

1902. G[enettd\ mossambica Matschie, Verh. int. zool. Congr. Berl. 1901: 1138.
Mossimboa, north-east coast of Portuguese East Africa [11° 20' S., 40° 22' E., sea-level]
[fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 409].

Records. — “Southern Tanganyika” (G. M. Allen, 1939: 203); generally but
sparsely distributed throughout the Southern Province; Nchingidi.

Genetta tigrina suahelica Matschie. Swahili Bush Genet.

1902. [Genetta] suahelica Matschie, Verh. int. zool. Congr. Berl. 1901: 1143‘
Tanga, north-east coast of Tanganyika Territory [fide Hollister, 1918: 120].

Records.— Manja, Pangani; Mt. Lutindi; Lyamungu, Kibongoto, Kilima-
njaro, near Marangu; Kanga; IGlosa, Kimamlsa, Malolo, Mkata River; Ibimua
Misinko; Gongwe; Namanyere.

Though dated 1817, this volume was published in December, 1816 Sherbom, 1922-32: xli.]

328

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL.

Genetta tigrina stuhlmanni Matschie. Bukoba Bush Genete

1902. G\enettd\ stuhlmanni Matschie, Verh. int. zool. Congr. BerL 1901: 1142.
Bukoba, west shore of Lake Victoria, north-west Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Serengeti Plains ; Zagajm; Bukoba; Dabaga*.

Genus Viverricula Hodgson. Basse,

1838. Viverriculalcio6.gs,on, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. V. 152, April. Genotype Gbma
indica E. Geoffroy.

(Viverricula indica rasse (Horsfield).

1823. Viverra rasse Horsfield, Zool. Res. Java. no. 6, pi. 18 and text, Aprilf.
Java, East Indies.

Status. — Introduced into Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.)

Genus Civettictis Pocock. African Civets,

1915. Civettictis Pocock, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1915: 134, 26 March. Genotype,
by original designation, Viverra civetta Schreber.

Kiswahih: fungo.

Civettictis civetta civetta (Schreber).

1776. Viverra Civetta Schreber, Saugeth. 3: pi. cxi; 1777, op. cit. 3: 418. French
Guinea.

1891. Viverra civetta orientalis Matschie, Arch. Naturgesch. 57 (1): 352, Oct.
Zanzibar. Not Viverra orientalis Hodgson, 1842=F. zibetha Linnaeus.

1929. Civettictis civetta schwarzi Cabrera, Mem. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. 16: 36, foot-
note, 10 July. Zanzibar [fide Schwarz, 1934, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 261, Aug.].
New name for Viverra c. orientalis Matschie, preoccupied.

i?ccord5.— Ubiquitous in suitable localities. Found on Zanzibar Island; absent
from Pemba and Mafia Islands.

Subfamily PARADOXURINAE GiU.

Genus Nandinia Gray. African Palm Civets, Tree Civets.

1843. Nandinia Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 54, 13 May; 1865,
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1864: 529, May. Genotype, by monotypy and original desig-
nation, Viverra binotata Reinwardt.

Nandinia binotata cf N. b. arborea Heller. Kakamega Tree Civet,

1913. Nandinia binotata arborea Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 9, 16 Sept.
Lukose River, in the Kakamega Forest, North Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony.

Records.— -Mombo; Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro; forest on Mt. Meru; Bagiro.
Nandinia binotata cf N. b. gerrardi Thomas. Nyasaland Tree Civet,

1893. Nandinia gerrardi Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 205, Sept. Lower
Shire River, southern Nyasaland.

Records.— -Southern Uhehe; Lupembe, Madehani, Nyama River; Nkuka Forest.

* Possibly referable to G.t. suahelica (record given by G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933: 74),
or, alternatively, the Kigoma and Ufipa records given under G.t. suahelica may be better placed
under this race.

f For the date of publication of this work see Richmond, in Matthews, 1919, Birds of Australia 7:
475.

329

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynnertoNj f.z.s.j Checklist of Land Mamtnals

Subfamilj' HERPESTINAE Gill. Mongooses, Mierkats,

Kisv/ahili: ngucUro.

Genus Herpestes IlJiger,

1799. Ichneumon LacepMe, Tabl Mammif., p. 7. Genotype, by monotypy.
Ichneumon phM.raon 'L^ce.phd.t—Viverra ichneumon Linnaeus. Not Ichneumon Linnaeus,
1758, in Hymenoptera.

1811. Herpertes [sfc] lUiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 135; corrected to Herpestes
in “ Errata et Omissa,” p. 302. Genotype, by subsequent designation (Anderson,
1878, Anat. zool. Res. Exped. Yunnan, p. 171), Herpestes ichneunum (Linnaeus).

Subgenus Herpestes Illiger. Greater Grey Mongooses.

(Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus (Hodgson).

1836. MangustaAuropunctataLiodgmn,J.Asiar.Soc.Baig.'^: 235. Nepal.
Status.' — Introduced into Mafia Island.)

Herpestes ichneumon funestus (Osgood).

1910. Mungos ichneumcm funestus Osgood, Field Mus. Publ., Zool. 10: 17, 7 April.
Naivasha, Rift Valley, Kenya Colony [0° 43' S., 36° 23' E., ca 6,300 feet].

Records. — Kilosa; Migeregere; near Lindi; Nanyamba; Kibongoto, foothills of
Kilimanjaro; Mpwapwa; Manyoni, Ndaburo; Mkalama; Tabora; Madehani;
near Tunduma.

Subgenus MYONitx Thomas. Lesser Mongooses.

1928. Myonax Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 2: 408, Nov. Genotype, by original
designation, Herpestes gracilis Ruppell.

Herpestes coNitAosi (Matschie).

1914. Calogale conradsi Matschie, S. B. Ges. naiurf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 454, Dec.
Ukerev/e Island, south end of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Record.—^ovtn only from the type-locality.

Herpestes dentifer (Heller).

1913. Mungos dentifer Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 10, 16 Sept. Maji
ya Chumvi, Kwale District, Kenya Colony [3° 47' S., 39° 23' E., 540 feet].

i?ecord.=-Nyange.

Herpestes emini (Matschie.)

1914, Calogale emini Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 452, Dec.
Bukoba, west shore of Lake Victoria, north-west Tanganydka Territory.

Record.-— Biikoba,

Herpestes flaviventris (Matsclue).

1914. Calogale flaviventris Matschie, i". B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 454, Dec.
Chamliho Hill, Musoma District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Dodoma; Banagi, Chamliho Hill; Mwanza; Zaga3ni.

Herpestes grantii (Gray).

1864, Herpestes badius P. L. Sclater, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1864: 100, July.
“ Mgunda Mkali.” Not Herpestes badius A. Smith, 1838.

1865. Calogale grantii Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Bond. 1864: 561, May, Itigi Thicket
(Mgunda Mgali) south of the Central Railway, between Mabungulo and the Chona River,
Manyoni District. Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Mpanira; Itiso, Ugogo; Itigi Thicket; Msogaa, Ushora; Kigogo.
Herpestes lademanni (Matschie).

1914. Calogale lademanni Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 441, Dec.
Bubu River west of Kondoa, central Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Buhu River; Dodoma; Mkalama, Msogaa, Nsliinslii,

330

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Herpestes sanguineus PROTEUS (Tbomas).

1907. Mungos gracilis proteus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 19 : 119, Jan. Mubuku
Valley, 7,000 feet, east slopes of Mt. Ruwenzori, Toro District, Uganda Proteaorate
[0“ 15' N., 30° 10' E.].

Records.— Dahagz', Igali; Bukoba.

Herpestes sanguineus ibeae (Wroughton).

1907. Mungos sanguineus ibeae Wroughton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 118, Aug.
Fort Hall* central Kenya Colony [0° 42' S., 37° 40' E., 4,000 feet].

Records. — Kibongoto, Kilimanjaro foothills; Olduwai; Ugogo; Itigi Thicket;
Ormasse River; Shinyanga; Unyamwezi.

Herpestes sanguineus rufescens Lorenz.

1898. Herpestes omatus rufescens Lorenz, Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. 21: 462.
Kokotoni, Zanzibar Island.

Record.— Zanzihar Island (endemic).

Herpestes cf H. mossambicus (Matschie).

1914. Calogale mossambica Matschie, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 438,
Dec. Cabaceira, north-east coastal Portuguese East Africa.

Records. — Widely distributed in the “miombo” comitry of Kilwa, Liwale (Murembwi
River), Lindi, Masasi and Tunduru Districts.

Genus Helogale Gray. Dwarf Mongooses.

1862. Helogale Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1861: 308, text-f. (skull), April.
Genotype, by monotypy (elimination), Herpestes parvulus Sundevall.

Helogale ivori Thomas. Montague’s Dwarf Mongoose.

1919 Helogale ivori Thomas, Anti. Mag- nat- Hist 4: 31, July. Lumbo,
mainland opposite Mozambique Island, Portuguese East Africa [15° 1' 40°

40' E., sea -level]
i?ecarA'.“-Liwalc; Siginda; Mwanza-

Helogale undulata undulata (Peters). Mozambique Dwarf Mongoose.

1852. Herpestes undulatus Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1852: 81, Feb.;
Reise Mossamb., Saugeth., p. 114, pi. 25. Mossunboa, north-east coast of Portuguese
East Africa [11° 20' S., 40° 22' E., sea-level].

Records. — Uzigua; Morogoro; Kipera, Mkata River, Usagara; Mpanira; Dodoma;
Misinko, Msogaa, Puma, Singida; Iringa; Bumpeke, Nasa, Usambiro; Bukoba;
Samuye; Usongo; Mwala River, Nyahua River.

Helogale undulata rufula Thomas. Kikuyu Dwarf Mongoose.

1910. Helogale undulata rufula, Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 194,Feb;

Mile 346 on the Kenya-Uganda Railv.'ay {i.e. 4 miles east of Kikuyu, near Nairobi),
Kenya Colony [1° 15' S., 36° 41' E.] [fide Moreau, Hopldns and Hayman, 1946: 411].
Records. — ^Shores of Lake Jipe; Kahe; Arusha; common in Masailand south of
Arusha.

Helogale victorina Victorina Thomas. Lake Victoria Dwarf Mongoose.

1902. Helogale victorina Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1902 (1): 120, i June.
Nasa, south of Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kikuyu; Misinko, Mkalama, Nshinshi, Ruruma, Usure; Serengeti
Plains; Nasa, Usambiro; Sanga, Shanwa, Zaga}^; Shinyanga.

Fort Hall is cited as the type-locality in the original, not Kikuyu as stated by G. M. Allen (1939:
224).

331

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z..s. Checklist of Land Mammals
Genus Atilax F. Cuvier. Marsh Mongooses.

1826. Atilax F. Cuvier, in Geoffrey and Cuvier, Hist. nat. Mamm. 3: livr. 54
and text on the “ Vansire ” (not of Buffon and Daubenton), June^. Type, by monotypy,
the “ Vansire ” of F. Cmitv—Herpestes pahidinosus G. Cuvier J. A. Allen, 1924: 167).

Atilax paludinosus mordax (Thomas). Nyasa Marsh Mongoose.

1912. Mungos paludinosus mordax Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 588, Dec.
Mbasi Creek, 1,600 feet, north-west corner of Lake Nyasa, south-western Tanganyika
Territory.

/Jecorij.— Mbasi Creek, Mwaya; Ntumbi; Liwale, Matandu River, Mbemkuru
River, Murembwi River, Rovuma River.

Atilax paludinosus rubescens (Hollister). Kilimanjaro Marsh Mongoose.

1912. Mungos paludinosus rubescens Hollister, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 1, 23
Jan. Foothills of Kilimanjaro at 4,000 feet, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Amani; Uzaramo; Bagiro, Mhonda; Kilosa, Tendigo; Kibongoto,
foothills of Kilimanjaro, Weraweru Bridge; southern Masailand; Mbulu;
Pemba Island (subsp. incert.).

Genus Mungos E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier. Banded Mongooses.

1795. Mungos E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier, Mag. mcycl. 1795 (2): 184, 187. Geno-
type, by tautonomy, Viverra mungo Gmelin.

Mungos mungo colonus (Heller). East African Banded Mongoose.

1911. Crossarchus fasciatus colonus Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 56 (17): 16, 28
Feb. Southern Uaso Nyiro, Masai District, Kenya Colony.

Records.— -Tanga ; Dar es Salaam; generally distributed throughout the “ miombo ”
wooding of the Southern Province; Kilimanjaro foothills; Mang’ora; Mneya;
Zoisa; Dodoma, Nzinge; Manyoni, Mikwesi, Saranda; Misinko, Mkalama,
Nshinshi, Puma, Ruruma, Uliampiti, Ushora, Usure; Mizizikaunga, Ntumbi,
Nyahonga River; Banagi, Serengeti Plains ; Mwanza, Ukerewe Island; Shanwa,
Zagayu; Shinyanga; Ukuae; Ugala River.

Genus Ichneumla I. Geoffroy. White-tailed Mongoosesf.

1835. Lasiopus I. Geoffro}', in Gervais, Resume legons Mammal. y Paris, p. 37. Geno-
pT?e, by monotypy, Herpestes albicaudus G. Cuvier. Not Lasiopus Schoenherr, 1823,
in Coleoptera (Curculioniade)

1837. Ichneumia I. Geoffro}^ Ann. Sci. tiat., Zool., 8: 251, Oct.; C. R. Acad.
Sci. Paris. 1837 (5): 580, Oct. Genotype, by monotypy (elimination), Herpestes albi-
caudus G. Cuvier.

Ichneumia albicauda ibeana (Thomas). East-African White-tailed Mongoose.

1904. H[erpestes] a[lbicaudus] ibeanus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 409,
text and footnote, June. Stony Athi, Machakos District, Kenya Colony [1° 38' S.,
37° :r E., 5,300 feet].

Records. — Tanga; Uzigua; Liwale; Ilonga, Kilosa, Tendigo; Kilimanjaro foot-
hills, Lyamungu, Moshi; Umbugwe; Irangi; Mpwapwa; Dodoma; Manyoni,

* This reference to the genus Atilax has been the subject of much discussion. Cuvier mentioned
no technical trivial name, referring only to the “ Vansire ” and Atilax Cuvier would appear to
be a genus caelebs. However, J. A. Allen (1924: 167-173) has examined the matter at some
length and has come to the conclusion that Cuvier’s use of the generic name Atilax
is valid and should be used. We have followed Allen’s recommendation,
t Sometimes incorrectly referred to locally as “ Skunks,”

332

VOL, XX

G. H. SwYN-NERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Ndaburo; Unyang’anyi; Nuimbi; Serengeti Plains ; Ukerewe Island*; Bukoba;
'shinyanga; Tabora-

Genus Bdeogale Peters, Four^toed Mongooses.

1852. Bdeogale Peters. Mber. preuss. AkoA. Wiss., Eerl. 1852: 81, Febf; Reise
Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 119. Genotype, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1882,
Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1882: 81), Bdeogale crassicauda Peters.

Bdeogale crassicauda puisa Peters. Mozambique Four-toed Mongoose.

1852. Bdeogale puisa Peters, Mber. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berl. 1852: 82, Feb.;
Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 124, pi. 28. Mossimboa, north-east coast of Portuguese
East Africa [11° 20' S., 40° 22' E., sea-level].

Bagamoyo; Murembwi River-

Bdeogale crassicauda tenuis Thomas and Wroughton, Zanzibar Four-toed Mon-
goose.

1908. Bdeogale temds Thomas and Wroughton, Proc. zool. Soc. Bond. 1908:
168, 17 September, Zanzibar Island

Distribiition—Zzxmhst Island (endemic).

Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora Heller. Mombasa Four-toed Mongoose.

1913. Bdeogale crassicauda omiivora Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 12, 16
Sept. Mazeras, Kihfi District, Kenya Colony [3° 57' S., 39° 32' E., ca 600 feet].
Records. — Magroto; Magamba.

Genus Rhynchogale Thomas,

1865, Rhinogale Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Bond. 1864: 573, text-f. (cranium). May.
Genotype, by original designation and monotypy, Rhinogale melleri Gray. Not Rhinogde
Gloger, 1841, in Mammalia (Mustelidae),

1894. Rhynchogale Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Bond. 1894: 139, text and footnote,
June. Genotype, by original designation, Rhinogale inelleri Gray. New name for
Rhinogale Gray, preoccupied.

Rhynchogale caniceps Kershaw.

1924. Rhynchogale caniceps Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 79, Jan. Out-
skirts of Otto Estate, near Mbweni, Kilosa District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.-— On.0 Estate; Mkalama,

Family HYAENIDAE Gray.

Subfamily PROTELINAE Mivart.

Genus Proteles I. Geoffrey. Aard-“wo!f.”

1824. Proteles I. Geoffroy, Bidl. ScL Soc. philom. Paris 1824: 139, Sept. Genotype,
by original designation, Proteles lalandii I, Gto^toy—Viverra cristata Sparrman.

Kiswahili : fisi ndogo, fisi ya mkole.

Proteles cristatus termes Heller. Masailand Aard-wolf.

1913. Proteles cristatus termes Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 9, 16 Sept.
Kebololet Hill, south-west of I.oita Plains and east of Amala River, Masai District,
Kenya Colony [1° 35' S., 35° 8' E., 1,682 metres].

Records. — Lolkisale, southern Masailand; Sambala; Matomondo, Mpwapwa;
Itumba, Manyoni; Singida; Kiganga; Shinyanga; Tabora.

* Recorded by G. M. Allen and Loveridge (1933: 77) as Ichneumia a. grandis (Thomas, 1890,
Proc. zool. Soc. Loud. 1889 : 622, pi. 62 (skull and teeth), April, from South Africa, on account
of the large size of five specimens examined by them.

•j- An earlier reference to Bdeogale Peters is in the Mitth. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl., published in the
SpenerscheZeitung on June 25, 1850. However, as no trivial name was mentioned in connection
with the generic name, this reference is invalid. , .

Jan. 1951

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

333

Subfamily HYAENINAE JVlivart. Hyaenas.

Kisv/a.hili: fisi.

Genus Crocuta Kaup*. Spotted Hyaenas.

1828. Croc«ra Kaup, Oken’s /i/s 1828: 1145. Genotype, by monotypy and tauto-
nomy, Canis crocuta Erxleben. Not Crocuta Meigen, 1800, in Diptera.

1829. Crocotta Kaup. Skizz. Europ. Tht£rw. 1: 78. Genotype Cams crocuta
Erxleben.

Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben).

1777. Canis crocuta Erxleben, Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 578. Senegsmbia, West Africa
[fide Cabrera, 1911, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1911: 95].

1900. Hyaena (Crocotta) germinans Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1900:
26. Lake Rukwa, south-west Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Ubiquitous .

Genus Hyaena Brisson. Striped Hyaenas.

1762. Hyaena Brisson, Regn. Anim.., ed. 2, pp. 13, 168. Genotype, by tautonomy,
monotypy, and subsequent designation (Merriam, 1895, Science 1 : 376, 5 April), Hyaena
hyaena Brisson A hyaena Linnaeus.

1772. Hyaena Briirmich, Zool. Fundam.^ pp. 34, 42, 43. No trivial names mentioned |
reference made to “ Hyjaenen ”=Cams hyaena Linnaeus.

1773. Hyaena Skioeldebrand, Nova Acta Soc. Sci. upsal. 1: 77. A vernacular
name and therefore not available.

1780. Hyetia Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. 2: 256, Sept. Genotype Hyaena
striata Zimmermann =Ca«w hyaena Linnaeus.

Hyaena hyaena dubbah f. a. a. meyer.

1793. Hyaena Dubbah F. A. A. Meyer, SystSumm. Zool. Entd. Neuholl. u. Aft.^
p. 94. Atbara, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

Records. — Malolo; Engare Nanyuki; Lolkisale, Longido, Lake Natron area,
01 Balbal; Kwakucliinja, Mang’ati, Mangora, Mbulu; Sambaia; Gulwe;
Mkalama, Nshinshi; Serengeti Plains, Seronera River | Shinyanga; Kasulu.

Family FELIDAE Gray. Cats.

Subfamily FELINAE Trouessart.

Genus Felis Linnaeus.

1758. Felis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I: 41. Genotype, by tautonomy,
Felis cams Linnaeus.

Domesticated and Old-World Wild Cats.

Kiswahili: Domesticated Cats, paka; Wild Cats, paka pori, kimburu.

(Felis catus Linnaeus. Domesticated Cat.

1758. Felis Catus Liimaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 42. Upsala, Sweden [fide
Thomas, 1911, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1911: 136].

Status. — Introduced under domestication and now widespread in suitable localities ;
feral in parts and occasionally crossing witli Felis lybica Forster.)

* Opinion No. 152 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature rules that generic
names introduced by .Meigen, 1800, in his Nouvelle Classification des Mouches a detix ailes are
available. However, Crocuta— v/hich appears on page 39~is not generally recognised by ento-
mologists. On the other hand, dating from Kaup, 1828, it is the generic name commonly used
for the Spotted Hyaenas and it is suggested that, by suspension of the Rules, it shodd be
retained as a nomen conservandim for this group.

334

G. H. SwYNN3RT0Nj F.z.s.j Ckscklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Felis lybica ugandae Schv^aim. Aakole Wild Cat.

1904. Felis ocreata ugandae Schv/ann, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13 : 424j June, Mulema,
5,000 feet, 2 miles north of the Tanganyika-Uganda boundary at Chitanda Hill, Ankole
District, Uganda Protectorate [0° 58' S., 30° 58' E.].

Records.— llongd., Kilosa, Otto Estate, Tendigo; Umbugwe; Kondoa, Sandawe,
Irangi; Mpwapwa; Dodoma; Manyoni, Saranda; Ivlisinko, Nshinshi; 01-
duwai; Banagi, Serengeti Plains; Bukoba; Shin3^anga; Igonda, Tabora; Chunya,
Lupa Bridge, Mizizikaunga, Ntumbi; Momba IWver,

Felis lybica taitae Heller. Taita Wild Cat.

1913. Felis ocreata taitae Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 14, 16 Sept. Voi,
Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 24' S., 38° 33' E., 1,280 feet].
i?ec£>rJ5.— Lyamungu, Old Moshi.

Genus Caracal Gray. Caracals.

1843. Caracal Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus., pp. xx (here spelt Caracala,
nomen nudum), 46, 13 May; 1867, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1867: 211, Oct. Genotype,
by monotypy and original designation. Caracal nielanotis Gxdi^— Felis caracal Schreber.

KiswahiH: simhamangu.

Caracal caracal nubicus (J. B. Fischer),

1829. Ffe/ir] caracal y nubicus J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm., p. 210. Meroe,
Nubia.

Kisiwani, Same; Kilosa, Otto Estate; Kilimanjaro foothills, Useri;
southern Masailand, Naberera; Kondoa; Itumba, Manyoni ;Mwanza ; Shanwa;
Kizumbi ; Ukime.

Genus Leptailurus Severtzow. Serval Cats.

1858. Leptailurus Severtzow, Rev. Mag. Zool. 10: 389, Sept. As a subgenus of
Felis Linnaeus; type, by monotypy, Felis serval Schreber.

Kiswahili: mondo.

Leptailurus serval hindei (Wroughton). Ukamba Serva!.

1910. Felis capensis hindei Wroughton, Amn. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 205, Feb. Machakos,
33 miles south-east of Nairobi, Kenya Colony [1° 32' S., 37° 16' E., ca 5,400 feet].
Records. — Mombo; Uzaramo; Morogoro; Kilosa, Tendigo; widespread but rarely
seen in Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, Milcindani, Masasi and Tunduru Districts; near
Lake Jipe; Engare Nairobi, Kilimanjaro up to 15,000 feet, Shira Plateau; Arusha;
Naberera; Mt. Hanang; Kondoa; Dodoma; Saranda; Mkalama; Dabaga;
Lupembe, Madehani; Ilolo; Mbeya; between the Lupa and Chipoka Rivers,
Ntumbi; Serengeti Plains; Zagayu; Kizumbi; Kakoma; Chapota.

Subfamily PANTHERINAE Pocock.

Genus Panthera Oken.

1816. Panthera Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch. 3 (2): 1052, 1058. Genotj^e, by
tautonomy, Panthera vulgaris Oken= Felis panthera Schreber (plate n&md)=Felis pardus
Linnaeus.

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynnertoNj f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammah

335

Subgenus Panthera Oken. Leopards.

Kiswahiii: cImL

Panthera pardus fusca f. a. a. meyer.* Bengal Leopard.

1794. Felis fusca F. A. A. Meyer, Zool. Ann. 1; 394. Bengal.

1900. Felis leopardus suakeliois NtumanD, Zool. Jb., Sy St. 13: 551, 10 Oct. Lake
Manyara area, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Distribution.--Vhiqukous in suitable localities.

Panthera pardus adersi Pocock. Zanzibar Leopard.

1932. Panthera pardus adersi Pocock, Abstr. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., no- 347, p. 33,
26 April; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1932: 563, pi. 2, 8 July. Near Chwaka, Zanzibar
Island.

Record.— Zzxaih^x Island (endemic).

Subgenus Leo Oken. Lions.

1816. Leo Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch. 3 (2): 1070. Genotype, by tautonomy,
Felis leo Linnaeus.

1829. Leo Brehm, Oken’s Isis 1829: 637. No genotype specified, but the first
species mentioned, Leo asiaticus Brehm, may be designated genoi^e.

Kiswahiii: simba.

Panthera leo massaica (Neumann), Masai Lion,

1900. Felis leo massaicus Neumann, ZooLfb., Syst. 13 : 550, 10 Oct. Kibaya,
southern Masailand, Tanganyika Territory [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Haym.an, 1946:
412).

Distribution. —Vbiqvdiom, in suitable localities.

Subfamily ACINONYCHINAE Pocock.

Genus Acinonyx Brookes. Cheetahs.

1828. Acinonyx Brookes, Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. Joshua Brookes, pp. 16, 33. Geno-
type, by monotypy, Acinonyx Venator Brookes =Fe/A venatica H. Smith.

Kiswahiii: dima.

Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber)t.

1775. Felis jnbata Schreber, Sdugeth. 2: pi. 105; 1777, op. cit. 3: 392. Cape
of Good Hope, Cape Province, South Africa.

* We have followed Pocock (1932: 543) in using the name P.p. fusca (F. A. A. Meyer) for the
Tanganyika leopards. Allen (1939 : 244) must have misread Pocock when he stales that “ the
implication is that the Indian and East African leopards in turn are not different frcm typical
pardus’" Pocock (op. cit., p. 590), under his “ Summary of the Races admitted in this paper,”
lists fusca (No. 7) and pardus (No. 9) as separate subspecies of Panthera pardus (Linnaeus),
t Three very doubtfully distinct races of Acinonyx jubatus, viz. A.j. ngorongorensis Hilzheimer,
A.j. velox and A.j. raineyi Heller, have been described from East Africa. We do not think that
the East African cheetah deserves subspecific differentiation from the typical form of South Africa
any more than that there are three distinct races of cheetahs in East Africa, but, should a separate
name be required, one of the above is available. All three names were published in 1913; velox
and raineyi — of which the former has page priority — were described in the same paper, published
8 November, but whether this paper appeared before that containing Hilzheimer’s description
of ngorongorensis is questionable. It probably did not. The original description of ngorongorensis
appeared in a part of the Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschende Freunde, Berlin, dealing
with the May and June meetings of that Society, but there is nothing to indicate the actual
date of publication. Unfortunately, the General Library of the British Museum (Natural His-
tory) can throw no further light on this. It is known, however, that Parts 5-6 (May-June)- —
containing Hilzheimer’s paper — and 7-8 (July-October) all reached London on 20 December,
1913. It is suggested that the Berlin people kept back the earlier parts to send all together,
and it seems reasonable to assume that the May-June parts came out well in advance of 8 Novem-
ber; in other words, that ngorongorensis was published before velox and raineyi. Hollister
(1918 : 151) confirms this conclusion when he says that ngorongorensis “ has priority over raineyi.”

336 G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. xx

19i3. Adnonyx giittams ngorcmgorensis Hilzheirner, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1913: 290, text-f. 3. Ngorongoro, northern Tanganyika Territory.

1913. Adnonyx jubatus velox Heller, Smithson, tnisc. Coll 61 (19): 7, 8 Nov.
Aggett’s Store, near Narok, Kenya Colony [ca 1° 10' S., 36° E., 5,300 feet].

1913. Adnonyx jubatus raineyi Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (19): 9, 8 Nov. Ulu
Station, Kapiti Plains, Kenya Colony [i° 49' S., 37° 8' E., 5,250 feet].

Records. — North Pare Mts. (melanic specimen); Kidete; Mahindi (spoor of almost
certainly this species); Jumbe Salim’s, Songea (skin brought into the boma
from the neighbouring area in 1936); Kahe, Kingori Juu; southern Masaiiand,
Ngorongoro, Olduwai; Iringa; Mrijo, Sambala, Sandawe; Manyoni, Muhalala;
Ipemi; Kanamwene, Albeya (a young one brought in to the boma from the
neighbouring area in 1945), Nachisenga Mbuga; Lupa Bridge; Serengeti
Plains; Meatu; Sltinyanga; Chapota, Zimba.

Order TUBULIDENTATA Huxley.

Family ORYCTEROPODIDAE Bonaparte.

Genus Orycteropus G. Cuvier.* Aard-varks, Ant-bears.

1798. Orycteropus G. Cuvier, Tabl. elern. Hist. nat. Anim.^ p. 144. Genotype,
by monotypy, Mymiecophaga capensis Gmdin—Myrmecophaga afra Pallas.

1799. Orycteropus Lacep^de, Tabl. Matnmif., p. 11. Genotype, by monotypy,
Orycteropus capensis {Gmtnn)= Myrmecophaga afra Pallas.

1803. Orycteropus E. GeolFroy, Bull. Soc. philorn., Paris 1: 102, April-June,
1796f. Genotype, by monotypy, Mynnecophaga capensis Gmt\m.=Myrmecophaga afra
Pallas.

Kiswahili: muhanga.

Oryci-eropus afer (Pallas).

1766. Myrmecophaga afra Pallas, Misc. ZooL, p. 64. Cape of Good Hope, Cape
Province, South Africa,

1898. Orycteropus wertheri Matschie, in Werther’s Mini. Hochl. nordl. DtschOst-
Afr.f p. 266. Inland from Bagamoyo, eastern Tanganyika Territory.

1921. Orycteropus afer tnatschid Grote, Arch. Naturgesch. 87 A (7): 122, f. 1,
June. Mikiadani, coastal south-eastern Tanganyika Territory.

1921. Orycteropus afer observandiis Grote, Arch. Naturgesch. 87 A (7): 123, f. 1,
June. Usangire North, northern Songea District, southern Tanganyika Territory.

1921. Orycteropus afer lademanni Grote, Arch. Naturgesch. 87 A (7): 123, June.
Wasi, northern Kondoa District, central Tanganyika Territory.

1921. Orycteropus afer ruvanensis Grote, Arch. Naturgesch. 87 A (7): 123, f. 1,
June. Ruwana Plains, Musoma Distria, northern Tanganyika Territorj'.

With the small amount of material available for comparison it is impossible to say
how many, if any, of the above forms are valid, or whether the Tanganyika Aard-vark
is distinct from the typical South African race.

Distribution.— in suitable localities. Being strictly nocturnal, aard-
varks are rarely seen.

* Agassiz (1842, Nomenclator Zoo!., Mamm., p. 23) gave as the first reference to Orycteropus “ E.
Geoffrey, 1795, Ddade philosophiquey” and G. M. Allen (1939: 270) and most other authors
quote this as the earliest reference to the genus. However, Sherborn (1902: 701) said against
this: “ I cannot find this entry,” and ascribed the genus to Lacep^de, 1799; later (1922-32:
4635), he ascribed it to G. Cuvier, 1798. We have examined “ La DScade philosophique, lit-
teraire et politique” in the British Museum and can find no reference to '‘Orycteropus E. Geoffrey.”
This reference should henceforth be dropped and the genus ascribed to G. Cuvier, 1798.
f Though dated 1796, this work does not appear to have been published until 1803,

337

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals
Order PROBOSCIDEA lUiger.

Family ELEPHANTIDAE Gray.

Genus Loxodonta F. Cuvier. African Elephants.

1827. Loxodonta F. Cuvier. ZooLJ. 3: 140, Jan. Based on F. Cuvier’s “ Loxo-
donte ” (in E. Geolfroy and F. Cuvier, 1825, Hist. nat. Mamnif. 3: livr. 51, 52, Nov.).
Genotype Elephas capensis F. Cuvier =E, africanus Blumenbach.

KiswahiU: tembo, ndavu.

Loxodonta africana knochenhaueri (Matschie)*. East African Elephant.

1900. Elephas africanus knochenhaueri Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Pr. Berl. 1900:
197. Barikiwa, Liwale Distria, southern Tanganyika Territory.

Distribution.~Vhi<\\xitom in suitable lo^ties, from sea-level to approximately
16,000 feet on Kilimanjaro; absent from Mafia, Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.

Order HYRACOIDEA Huxley.

Family PROCAVIIDAE Thomas.

Genus Dendrohyrax Gray. Tree Hyraxes.

1868. Dendrohyrax Gray, Ann, Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 48, Jan. Genotype, by sub-
sequent designation (W. L. Sclater, 1900, Fauna S. Afr.^ Mamm, 1: 310), Procavia
arborea (A. Smith).

Kiswahili: perere.

Dendrohyrax arboreus stuhlmanni (Matschie).

1892. Procavia stuhlmanni Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Pr. Berl. 1892: 110.
Bukoba, west shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.-— Gkami Matengo HUIs; Matonya, Irangi; Uhehe; Makoko; Bukoba |
Shinyanga.

Dendrohyrax validus validus True.

1890. Dendrohyrax validus True, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 13: 228, 16 Sept. Kilima-
njaro, 6,000 feet, northern Tanganyika Territory.

^ecur&.-“Coafined to the evergreen forests on Kilimanjaro and Mt. Mem.
Dendrohyrax validus terricola Mollison,

1905. Dendrohyrax terricola Mollison, Zool. Anz. 29: 423, 26 Sept. Near Monga,
Usambara Mts., Tanga District, north-eastern Tanganyika Territory.

1917. Dendrohyrax terricola vosseleri Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Pr. Berl. 1917:
296, 10 Sept. Sigi, near Amani, Usambara Mts., north-eastern Tanganyika Territory.
Records.— ‘Amam^ Monga; Lushoto, Magamba; Pare Mts. (allied to but perhaps
racially distinct from D. v. terricola).

Dendrohyrax validus neumanni (Matschie).

1893. Procavia neumanni Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Pr. Berl. 1893: 1 12. Pangani
Forest, near Jembiani, Zanzibar Island [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946:
431].

Records.— PmAia, Tumbatu and Zanzibar Islands.

Dendrohyrax validus schusteri Brauer.

1917. Dendrohyrax terricola schusteri Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf . Pr. Berl. 1917:
296, 10 Sept. Ulugura Mts., Morogoro District, Tanganyika Territory.

/?ecord5.— Ulugum Mts. at Bagiro, Mkarazi, Nyange, Nyingwa, Vituri.

Doubtfully distinct from L.a. africana (Blumenbach, 1797, Handb. Naturgesch.) ed. 5, p. 125,
Atlas, pi. 19, f. C) from the Orange River, South Africa.

338 G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land. Mamnals VoL. XX

Genus Heterohyrax Gray. Rock-“ rabbits

1868. Heterohyrax Gray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 50, Jan. As a subgenus of
Deudrohyrax Gray; genotype Dendrohyrax blainvillii GxeLy—Hyrax syriaciis Schreber.

Kiswahili: pimbi.

Heterohyrax syriacus dieseneri Brauer. Lake Victoria Rock-rabbit.

1917. Heterohyrax brvxei dieseneri Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1917: 298,
10 Sept. Guta, north shore of Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory
[fide Moreau, Hopldns and Hayman, 1946: 432].

1917. Heterohyrax brucei victoria-nj ansae Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1917: 299, 10 Sept. Mwanza, south shore of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory
[yiJe Allen, 1939: 448].

Records. — Geri, Guta, Ikoma, Serengeti Plains; Mwanza, Nyegezi, Ukerewe
Island; Mondo; Shanwa, Zagayu; Tinde; Igonda, Mtambo River, Tabora.

Heterohyrax syriacus prittwitzi Brauer. Ugogo Rock-rabbit.

1917. Heterohyrax brucei prittwitzi Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1917;
299, 10 Sept. Kilimatinde, Manyoni District, central Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Kibaya, Lolkisale; foot of Mt. Hanang, Mbulu; Kondoa; Kiboriani
Hills, Mpwapwa; Dodoma, Itiso, Nayu; Bahi, Kilimatinde, Mahaka; Ikungi,
Misinko, Msogaa, Puma, Unyang’anyi, Wembere Plains; Iringa, Uhehe.

Heterohyrax syriacus frommi (Brauer). Upogoro Rock-rabbit.

1913. Procavia {Heterohyrax) frommi Brauer, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1913:

136, Feb. Mahenga area, Ulanga District, Tanganyika Territory.

Record. — Mahenge area.

Heterohyrax syriacus ssongeae Brauer. Angoiii Rock-rabbit.

1917. Heterohyrax brucei ssongeae Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1917 : 300,
10 Sept. Songea, southern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Vlkokono, Nandanga Hill; stony hills around Kilimarondo, Lihage,
Matekwe, Nalungu; Kimbande, Matengo Hills, Ruira, Songea, Usangire.

Heterohyrax syriacus lademanni Brauer. Ukinga Rock-rabbit.

1917. Heterohyrax lademanni Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1917: 298,
10 Sept. Mwakete, 2,040 metres, Njombe District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Milo, Mlando, Msangwa, Mwakete; Rungwe Mt.

Heterohyrax syri.acus munzneri (Brauer). Urimgii Rock-rabbit.

1913. Procavia {Heterohyrax) munzneri Brauer, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1913:

137, Feb. Kasanga, south-east corner of Lake Tanganyika, Ufipa District, Tanganyika
Territory.

Records. — Luiche Scarp, Uvinza; Lupa Plateau, scarp along east and west sides of
Lake Rukwa; Kasanga.

Genus Procavia Storr. Hyraxes, Coneys,” Dassies.

1780. Procavia Storr, Prod. Meth. Mamm., pp. 39, 40 (footnote k), tab. B, July.
Genotype, by original designation, Cavia capensis P^las.

Kiswahili: pirnbi.

Procavia johnstoni matschiei Neumann.

1900. Procavia matschiei Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 555, 10 Oct. Mwanza,
south shore of Lake Victoria, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Plains v/est of Kilimanjaro; Olduwai; Mwanza, Nyegezi; Shanwa,

Zagayu,

339

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

Order PERISSODACTYLA Owen.

Suborder HIPPOMORPHA Wood.

Family EQUIDAE Gray.

Genus Equus Linnaeus.

1758. Equus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 73. Genotype, by tautonomy,
Equus caballus Linnaeus.

Subgenus Equus Linnaeus. Horses.

Kiswahili: farasi.

(Equus caballus Linnaeus. Domesticated Horse.

1758. Equus Caballus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 73. Europe and Asia,
Status. — Introduced under domestication.)

Subgenus Asinus Gray. Asses.

1824. Asinus Gray, Zool. J. 1: 244, June. Genotype, by tautonomy, Equus
asinus Linnaeus.

Kiswahili; punda.

(Equus asinus asinus Linnaeus, Domesticated Ass.

1758. /Ismws Linnaeus, iVar., ed. 10, 1; 73, Asia.

Status. — ^Introduced under domestication.)

Subgenus Hippotigris H, Smith. Zebras.

1841. Hippotigris H. Smith, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. 12; xv {nomen

nudum), 321, pi. 21-25, June. Genotype, by subsequent designation (W. L. Sclater,
1900, Fauna S. Afr., Mamm. 1; 282), Equus zebra Linnaeus.

Kiswahili: punda milia.

Equus burchellii* bohmi Matscliie. East African Burchell’s Zebra.

1892. Equus bohmi Matschic, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1892; 131. Ruvu (or
Pangani) River, north-eastern Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Ubiquitous in suitable localities.

Suborder CERATOMORPHA Wood.

Family RHINOCEROTIDAE Owen.

Genus Diceros Gray. African Black Rhinoceroses.

1821. Diceros Gray, Lond. med. Repos. 15: 306, 1 April. Genotype, by monotypy
and original designation, Rhinoceros bicomis Linnaeus.

Kiswahili: faru.

Diceros bicornis bicornis (Linnaeus). Cape Black Rhino.

1758. RhinocerosbicornisUmna.t\x%, Syst. Nat.,Qd. \Q,t‘. 56. Cape of Good Hope,
Cape Province, South kfxicz[fide Thomas, 1911, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1911: 144, 22
March].

Records. — Generally distributed in suitable localities in northern Tanga, Pare,
Rufiji, Morogoro, Kilosa, Ulanga, Moshi (Kilimanjaro up to about 9,000 feet),
Arusha, Masai, Mbulti, Kondoa, Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Manyoni, Singida, Iringa,
north-eastern Mbeya, northern Chun5'a, Musoma, Maswa, Biharamulo, Bukoba,
Shinyanga, Kahama, Tabora and Kigonia Districts. Umba Steppe; a few
between the Matandu and Mbemkuru Rivers ; Lihangwa River, between Nan^
and Ngarambi; a few near Kandalu and Shimililo, quite a few along the Njenjc
River and the lower Mbarangandu, Luwegu and Kilombero Rivers; one shot
at Ruo.

Equus burchellii (Gray, 1824, Zool.J. 1 : 247, pi. 9, f. 1, 2, June) and its subspecies are probably
best regarded as subspecies of Equus quagga Boddaert (1785, Elenchus Anitn., p. 160).

340

VoL. XX

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.z.s,, Checklist of Land Mammals
Order ARTIODACTYLA Owen.

Suborder SUIFORMES Jaeckel.

Family SUIDAE Gray.

Genus Potamochoerus Gray. Bush-pigs.

1843. Choiropotamus Gray, List Spec. Manim. Coll. Brit. Mus., pp. xxvii (sj^lt
Koiropotamus, nomen nudum), 185, 13 May. Genotype, by original designation, Choiro-
potamus africanus Gray =Sus koiropotamus Desmoulins. Not Chaeropotamus Desmarest,
1822, in Mammalia (Suidae).

1854. Potamochoerus Gray, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1852: 129, 130, pi. 34, 27 June.
Genotype Choiropotamus pictus Gray. New name for Choiropotamus Gray, preoccupied.

Kiswahili: nguruwe.

Potamochoerus porcus daemonis Major. Kilimanjaro White-faced Bush-pig.

1897. Potamochoerus choeropotamus daemonis Major, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.
1897: 367, pi. 25, f. 1; pi. 26, f. 3, 1 Aug. Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika Territory.
Records. — Rain forest on Kilimanjaro and Mt. Mem.

Potamochoerus koiropotamus cf P. k. johnstoni Major. North Nyasa Savannah
Bush-pig.

1897. Potamochoems johnstoni Major, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 367, pi.
25, f. 3; pi. 26, f. 1, 1 Aug. Ngaramu Valley, in Nkana, North Nyasa Distria, northern
Nyasaland.

Records. — Ubiquitous in suitable localities; present on Mafia and Zanzibar Islands,
absent from Pemba Island.

Genus Sus Linnaeus. Common Pigs, Wild Boars.

1758. Sus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 49. Genotype Sus scrofa L nnaeus.
Kiswahili : ngunitve.

(Sus scrofa Linnaeus. Domesticated Pig.

1758. Sus Scrofa Linnaeu, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 49. Southern Europe.

Status. — Introduced under domestication to several parts of Tanganika; present
on Mafia and Pemba Islands.)

Genus Phacochoerus G. Cuvier. Wart Hogs.

1817. Phaco-choerus G. Cuvier, Rkgne Anim., ed. 1, 1: 236, footnote. Genotype,
by monotypy, Sus aethiopiais Gmelin=.^4per aethiopicus Pallas.

Kiswahili : ngiri.

Phacochoerus aethiopicus aeliani (Cretzschmar). Sudan Wart Hog.

1828. Phascochaeres Aeliani Cretzschmar, in Riippell’s Atlas Reise ndrdl. Afr.,
Saugetli., p. 61, pi. 25, 26. Kordofan, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

Distribution. — Ubiquitous in suitable localities.

Genus Hylochoerus Thomas. Giant Forest Hogs.

1904. Hylochoerus Thomas, Nature, Lend. 70: 577, 13 Oct.; 1905, Proc. zool.
Soc Lond. 1904 (2): 193, 18 April. Genotype, by original designation, Hylochomis
meinertzhageni Thomas,

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, .fz.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

341

Hylochoerus meinertzhageni schulzi Zukowsky*. Oldeani Forest Hog.

1921. Hylochoerus schulzi Zukowsky, Arch. Naturgesch. 87 A (1): 181 (text-f.),
189, Dec. Oldeani Mt.f, 2,000 metres, border of Mbulu and Masai Districts, northern
Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Mt. Meru (probable, but requires confirmation); Mutjek, Oldeani Mt.
Family HIPPOPOTAMIDAE Gray.

Genus Hippopotamus Linnaeus. Hippopotamuses.

1758. Hippopotamus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 74. Genotype Hippopo-
tamus amphibius Linnaeus.

Kiswahili: kiboko.

Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius Linnaeus. Northern Hippo.

1758. Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 74. Nile River,
Egypt.

Distribution. — Present in all suitable rivers and lakes from sea-level to about 6,000
feet. Present on Mafia Island, whither they swim from the Rufiji delta; absent
from Pemba and Zanzibar Islands.

Suborder TYLOPODA Illiger.

Family CAMEL I DAE Gray.

Genus Camelus Linnaeus. Camels, Dromedaries.

1758. Canwlus hmnztus, Syst. Nat., Qd. 10, 1: 65. Gtnotypt Camelus bactncmus
Linnaeus.

Kiswahili : ngamia.

(Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus. One-humped (Arabian) Camel.

1758. Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 65. Deserts of Libya
and Arabia Thomas, 1911, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1911: 150, 22 March].

Formerly found under domestication along the east coast of Tanganyika
from Dar es Salaam northwards; now rarely seen.)

Suborder RUMINAN^OA ScopoH.

Family GIRAFFIDAE Gray.

Genus Giraffa Brisson. Giraffes.

1762. Giraffa Brisson, Regn. Anim., ed. 2, pp. 12, 37. Genotype, by tautonomy and
subsequent desi^ation (Merriam, 1895, Science 1: 375, 5 Apr.), Giraffa giraffa Brisson
(“ Camelopardalis .... La Giraffe” of Ethiopia) =Cervus Camelopardalis Linnaeus.

1772. Giraffa Briinnich, Zool. Fundam., pp. 36, 46, 47. No trivial names mentioned;
reference made to “ Kameelparden,” which, by tautonomy, is Cervus Camelopardalis
Linnaeus.

Kiswahili : twiga.

* Doubtfully distinct from the typical subspecies, H.m. meinertzhageni Thomas (1904, Nature,
Lond. 70: 577, 13 Oct.; 1905, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1S04 (2): 193, pl.l4, 15, 18 AprU,
Kakamega Forest, 7,000 feet, near Kaimosi, Kenya Colony),
t The type-locality given in the original was “Mutjekgebirge, 2,000 metres,” which is shown on old
maps as the high country west of the north end of Lake Manyara as far west as the Crater High-
lands. The name “ Mutjek,” of Masai origin, has long since fallen into disuse. The reference
to “ Gebirge ” in the original indicates that the type of H. schulzi was collected in the Crater
Highlands and this is confirmed by the altitude “ 2,000 metres ; ” Forest Hogs are known to
occur in the bamboo forests high up on Mt. Oldeani, the southernmost peak of the Crater
Highlands, and this may be fixed as the type-locality of H. schulzi Zukowsky.

342

VOL. XX

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Giraffa CAMELOPARDALIS TiPPELSKiRCHi Matschic. Tanganyika GiraflFe.

1898. Giraffa tippelskirchi Nia.UchiQ, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1898: 78. South-
east shore of Lake Eyasi within ten miles of 3° 40' S., 35° 15' E., Mbulu District, Tanga-
nyika Territory.

i?ecor<is.— Generally distributed in suitable localities in Lushoto, Pare, Handeni,
Bagamoyo, Uzaramo, Morogoro, Kilosa, Moshi, Arusha, Masai, Mbulu, Kondoa,
Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Manyoni, Singida, Iringa, Mbeya, Chunya, Musoma,
Maswa, Biharamulo, Shinyanga, Nzega, Kahama, B^a, Tabora, Kigoma,
Mpanda, and northern Ufipa Districts.

Family BOVIDAE Gray.

Subfamily BOVINAE Gill.

Tribe Strepsicerotini Simpson.

Genus Strepsiceros H. Smith. Kudus.

1827. Strepsiceros H. Smitli, in Griffith’s Cuvier, Anim.Kingd. 5: 365. As a sub-
genus of Damalis H. Smith; genotype, by tautonomy, Antilope strepsiceros Pallas.
Kiswahili: Greater Kudu, tandala kubzva; Lesser Kudu, landala ndogo.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros frommi Matschie. Tanganyika Greater Kudu.

1914. Strepsiceros frommi Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1914: 391, Nov.
Mpombolo River, 7° 23' S., 31° 10' E., Ufipa District, south-western Tanganyika
Territory.

Records. — Twenty miles east of Geita; widely distributed in suitable localities in
Pangani, Bagamoyo, Rufiji, Morogoro, Ulanga, Kilwa, Liwale, Mikindani,
Newala, Masasi, Tunduru, Songea, Moshi, Arusha, Masai, Mbulu, Kondoa,
Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Manyoni, Singida, Iringa, Mbeya, Chunya, Musoma,
Maswa, Shinyanga, Nzega, Kahama, Bub a, Tabora, Kigoma, Mpanda and
Ufipa Districts.

Strepsiceros imberbis australis (Heller). Southern Lesser Kudu.

1913. Ammelaphus imberbis australis Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 2, 16 Sept.
Lengaiya Water-hole, 22 miles south of Laisamis, Laikipia-Samburu District, Kenya
Colony [1° 17' N., 37° 48' E., ca 2,200 feet].

Records. — Perani; Kamakota, Kivingo, Mkomazi Gap; Kitamuli Hill; Mswaki;
near Pongwe; Engare Nairobi; Engare Nan3niki: generally distributed in
Masailand east of the Rift Wall; Tarangire; east of Kikore, Sambala, Sandawe;
Chipogolo, Kimugai Lake, Kisima, Zoisa; Kigwe, Makutapora; Mikwesi;
east of Mungaa, Suna; Pav.^aga; Gugu River; Igundu, Kagongwa, Mwambasha,
Mwantini Hills,

Genus Tragelaphus Blainville. Bushbucks.

1816. Tragelaphus Blainville, Bull. Sci. Soc. philom. Paris 1816: 75, May. As a
subgenus of Cerophorus Blainville; genotype, by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater
and Thomas, 1900, Book of Antelopes 4: 103, Jan.), Antilope sylvatica Sparrman.

Kiswahili: mbazmla, pongo.

Tragelaphus scriptus cf T. s. dama Neumann. Kavirondo Bushbuck.

1902, Tragelaphus dama Neumaim, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1902: 97. Kavi-
rondo, east of the north end of Lake Victoria, Kenya Colony.

Records. — Widely distributed in Musoma, Mwanza, Maswa and Bukoba Districts.

343

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

Tragelaphus scriptus massaicus Neumann. Masai Bushbuck.

1899. Tragelaphus silvaticus, var. vouaUyni Noack, Zool. Anz. 22: 11, 16 Jan.
Near the Mbemkuru River, south-eastern Tanganyika Territory. Nomen nudum.
Misprint for T. s. roualeyni Thomas.

1902. Tr^elaphus tnassaicus Neumann, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1802: 96.
Upper Bubu River, north-west Irangi, Kondoa Distria, Tanganyika Territory.

-Widely distributed in suitable localities in the Eastern, Southern, Northern,
Central and Western Provinces.

Tragelaphus scriptus cf T. s. olivaceus Heller. Kenya Coastal Bushbuck.

1913. Tragelaphus scriptus olivaceus Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 1, 16
Sept. Maji ya Chumvi, Kwale District, Kenya Colony [3° 47' S., 39° 23' E., 540 feet].

1947. Tragelaphus scriptus reidae Babault, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 19: 379-
Amboni, near Tanga, north-eastern coastal Tanganyika Territory [vide Swynnerton,
1949: 156].

/?ccord5.“Widely distributed in suitable localities in the Tanga Province.

Genus Limnotragus P. L. Sclater and Pocock. Sitatungas.

1872. Hydrotragus Gray, Cat. riimin. Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 49. As a subgenus of
Euryceros Gray; genotype, by original designation, Euryceros spekii (P. L. Sclater).
Not Hydrotragus Fitzinger, \^66=Adenota Gray, 1847.

1900. Litmotragus P. L. Sclater and Pocock, in P. L. Sclater and Thomas, Book
of Antelopes 4: 90, Jan.; 149,. Aug. Genotype, by original designation, Tragelaphus
spekii P. L. Sclater.

Kiswaliili : nzohe.

Limnotragus spekii spekii (P. L. Sclater). Speke’s Sitatunga.

1863. Tragelaphus Spekii P. L. Sclater, in Speke, J. Disc. Source Nile, p. 223, foot-
note, fig.; 1864, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1864: 103, pi. 12, test-f., July. Lake Lwelo
(“ Little Windermere ”), southern Karagwe, Bukoba District, Tanganyika Territory
[vide Swynnerton, 1945: 63].

1900. Tragelaphus speckei Neumann, Zool. Jb., Syst. 13: 562, 10 Oct. Lake
Victoria. Nomen nudum. Misprint for T. spekii P. L. Sclater.

Swamps round Lake Victoria; swamps south of the Duma River; Lake
Lwelo; Moyowosi Mbuga; Ugala River; Butanda, Malagarasi River, Sindi.
Li.mnotragus spekii inornatus Cabrera. Northern Rhodesia Sitatunga.

1918. Limnotragus spekei inornatus Cabrera, Bol. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. 18: 276, May.
Lake Young, 4,500 feet, 50 miles north of Mpika, Northern Rhodesia [1 1° 15' S., 31° 44'E.]-
Records. — Kantesya River, upper Mlowa River, upper Songwe (Nyasa) River,
Saisi River up to 5,300 feet ; LakeRukwa; LakeChada; Ipeta Mbuga, Kalambo
River, south of Malonje, south of Mpui, Sumbawanga.

Genus Taurotragus Wagner. Elands.

1822. Oreas Desmarest, Encycl meth., Mamm. 2: 471. As a subgenus of Antilcpe
Pallas; genotype, by tautonomy. Antilope oreas Vz\\‘as.= Antilope oryx Pallas. Not
Oreas Hiibner, 1806, in Insecta.

1855. Taurotragus’SFzgntT,mSchx&htx, Sdugeth., Suppl.'^\ 438. As a subgenus
of Antilope Pallas; genotype, by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas,
1900, Book of Antelopes 4: 200), Antilope oreas PzMas,— Antilope oryx Pallas. New name
for Oreas Desmarest, preoccupied.

Kiswahili: pofu, mbiinju.

Taurotragus oryx cf T. o. livingstonii (P. L. Sclater). Livingstone’s Eland.

1864. Oreas livingstonii P. L. Sclater, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1864: 105, July.
Near Sekhosi, Zambesi River upstream from Sesheke, about 115 miles north-west of
Victoria Falls, Northern Rhodesia [vide Harper, 1940, J. Mammal. 21: 331, 14 Aug.].

344 G. H. SwYNNEiTONj F.z.S.j Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. is

Records.- — Widely distributed in south-western Mbeya, Rungwe and southern Ufipa
Districts.

Taurotragus oryx BILLINGAE Kershaw*. Iringa E!and.

1923. Taurotragus oryx billingae Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 598, May.
Ulete, Iringa District, Tanganyika Territory.

Record.-— VltlQ,

Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus Lydekker. East African Eland.

1906. T[aurotragus] oryx pattersonianus Lydekker, Field 108: 579, 29 Sept.
Laikipia Plateau, north of the Aberdare Range and east of the Rift Valley, Kenya Colony
[vide Lydekker, 1907, Ncrvit. Zool. 14 : 324].

Distribution.— Widely distributed throughout Tanganyika other than in the areas
occupied by the two preceding subspecies; on Kilimanjaro up to 16,000 feet.

Tribe Bovini Simpson.

Genus Bubaxus H. Smith. Asiatic Buffaloes.

1827. Bubalus H. Smith, in Griffith’s Cuvier, Anim. Kingd. 5: 371. As a subgenus
of Bos Linnaeus; genotype, by tautonomy Bos bubalus Gmelin=.B(is bubalis Linnaeus
[fide Hollister, 1911, Proc. bioL Soc. WasL 24: 191, 23 June].

(Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus).

1758. Bos Bubalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 72. Asia.

Status. — Introduced under domestication to the Rufiji River some forty years ago;
probably none now left.)

Genus Bos Linnaeus. Cattle.

1758. Bos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 71. Genotype, by tautonomy. Bos
taiinis Linnaeus.

Kiswahili: ng'ombe.

(Bos TAURUS Linnaeus. Domesticated Cattle,

1758. Bos Taurus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 71. Upsala, Sweden.
5mtMs.“Introduced under domestication; widespread in suitable localities.)

Genus Syncerus Hodgson. Africnn Buffaloes.

1847. Syncerus Hodgson, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1@: 709, Aug. Genotype, by sub-
sequent designation (Hollister, 1911, Proc. biol. Soc, Wash. 24: 192, 23 June), Bos
brachyceros Grsy=Bos nanus Boddaert.

Kiswahili: nyati, mbogo.

Syncerus caffer gaffer (Sparrman).t Black, or Cape, Buffalo.

1779. Bos Caffer Sparrman, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 40: 79. Little Sunday
River, Algoa Bay, eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

1904. B[ubalus\ caffer radcliffei Thomas, Abstr. Proc. zool. Soc. Land., no. 4,
p. 13, 8 March; Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1904 (1): 464, text-f. 95, 2 Aug. Burumba,
Ankole District, Ugsnda Protectorate.

Distribution. — Widely distributed in suitable localities from sea-level to approx-
imately 14,000 feet on Kilimanjaro.

* Probably synonymous with T.o. pattersonianus Lydekker.

t Most recent workers follow Christy (1929: 459) in regarding all described forms of East and
South African buffaloes as synonyms of S.c. caffer (Sparrman).

345

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist fo Land Marntnah
SubfamUy CEPHALOPHINAE Brooke. Duikers.

Genus Cephalophus H. Smith. Hed Forest Duikers.

1827. Cephalophus H. Smith, ia Gri&th’s CmicT, Anim.Kingd.^: 344, As a sub-
genus of Antilope Pallas; genotype, by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas,
1895, Book of Antelopes 1: 121, May), Amtilope silvicultrix Afzelius.

Kiswahili: all species except Abbott’s Duiker, /mso; Abbott’s Dxdktt,minde.
Cephalophus adersi Thomas. Zanzibar Red Duiker.

1918, Cephalophus adersi Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 2: 151, Aug. Zanzibar
Island.

Distribution.-~Confm.td to 2kmzibar Island.

Cephalophus harveyi harveyi (Thomas). Harvey’s Red Duiker.

1893. Cephalolophus Harveyi Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 48, Jan. Kahe
Forest, south-east of Kilimanjaro, northern Tanganyika Territory [vide Swynnerton,
1945: 58].

Records.— Tanga, Amani; Usambara; Sadani; Dar es Salaam; Bagiro;
Kahe Forest, Kilimanjaro up to 9,000 feet, Lumi River; Mt. Meru; Nou Forest;
Irangi, Sandawe; Mpwapwa; Njombe.

Cephalophus natalensis robertsi W. Rothschild. Natal Red Duiker.

1906. Cephalophus robertsi W. Rothscliild, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1906: 691, 10
Oct. Portugese East Africa.

Distributicn.—Gtntx2d\y distributed in suitable localities throughout the Southern
Province.

Cephalophus spajjix True. Abbot’s Duiker.

1890. Cephalophus spadixTmo, Proc, U. S. nat. Mus.tZ". 227, 16 Sept. Kilima-
njaro, northern Tanganyika Territory.

.Records.— Magamba, Shume Forest, Usambara Mts; Uluguru Mts.; Kilimanjaro;
forest on the Rift Wall between Babati and Mbulu; Mfrika Scarp at eastern edge
of Uzungwa Mts.; Rungwe Mt.; probably Poroto Mts.

Genus Guevei Gray. Blue Forest Duikers,

1840. Philantomba Blyth, in Cuvier’s Anim.Kingd., p. 140. Possibly not used in
a generic sense; no genotype specified. Dropped in favour of Guevei Gray, for which
there is a definite genotype.

1852. Guevei Gray, Cat. Spec. Mamm. Coll. Brii. Mus. 3: 86. As a subgenus
of Cephalophus H. Smith; genotype, by original designation, Antilope 'maxwellUB.. Smith.

Kiswahili : paa.

Guevei caerulus hecki (Matschie), Mozambique Blue Duiker,

1897. Cephalolophus hecki Matschie, S. B. Ges. natiirf. Fr. Berl. 1897 : 158. Mozam-
bique Coast, Portuguese East Afiica.

Records. — Amboni; near Dar es Salaam; Mbarawaia Forest; forest between Mta-
paya and Matapwa, Kitumbini Forest; Mkv/ihi Forest; coastal forests near
Mikindani; Mafia Island.

Guevei caerulus lugens (Thomas), Usangu Blue Duiker,

1898. Cephalophus lugens Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1898: 393, 1 Oct. Urowi,
ca 3,000 feet, Mbeya District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — 25 miles west of Tukuyu, Nkuka Forest; Urowi; Kalambo Falls, Mpui,

A specimen collected by KoUman on the Ruwana Plains, near Lake Victoria, was referred to this
species by Matschie (1898: 232), but this identification may be doubted since Hartley’s Duiker
is a forest dweller.

346 G. H. SWYNNBRTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. XX

Guevei caerulus SCHUSTER! (Matschie). Ulugum Blue Duiker.

1914. Cephalopkus {Guevei) schusteri Matschie, 5. B. Ges. natiirf. Fr. Berl. 1914:
352, July. Uluguru Mts., 1,000 metres, eastern Tanganyil^a Territory.

Records. — Magamba, Usambara Mts. ; Bagiro, Nyingwa, Uluguru Mts.

Guevei caerulus sundevalli (Fitzinger). Zanzibar Blue Duiker.

1869. Cephalophus pygmaeus Sundevalli Fitzinger, 5. B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 59 (1):
166. [Probably Chapani] Islet beside Zanzibar Island. Based on “ Sylvicapra mon-
ticola. Var.” Sundevall.

Distribution. — Zanzibar Island and two small neighbouring islets.

Guevei caerulus pembae (Kershaw). Pemba Blue Duiker.

1924. Cephalophus melanorheus pembae Kershaw, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 556,
May, Vitongoji, east shore of Pemba Island.

Distribution.—B&vebs. Island (endemic).

Guevei caerulus aequatorialis (Matschie). Uganda Blue Duiker.

1892. Cephalolophus aequatorialis Matschie, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1892:
112. Chagwe, between Kampala and the Victoria Nile River, Mengo District, Uganda
Protectorate.

Records. — Banagi; near Shanwa; Katagwe, Minziro Forest.

Genus Sylvicapra Ogiiby. Bush Duikers, Duikerboks.

1837. Sylvicapra Ogiiby, Proc. zool. Soc. Loud. 1836: 138, 27 June. Genotype,
by original designation, Antilope mergens Desmarest= Capra grimmia Linnaeus.

Kiswahili: nsya,

Sylvicapra grimmia (Linnaeus).

1758. Capra grimmialArmzs'a.%, Syst. Nat., tdi. IQ, \\ 70. Western Cape Province,
South Africa.

1905. Sylvicapra abyssinica nyansae Neumann, 5. B. Ges. naturf, Fr. Berl. 1905:
89. Sidho (Kitoto’s), Nyando River valley near Chemilil, Central Kavirendo District,
Kenya Colony [0° T S., 35° T E.].

1910. Cephalophus abyssinicus hindei Wroughton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 273,
March. Fort Hall, central Kenya Colony [0° 42' S., 37° 40' E., 4,070 feet].

1910. Cephalophus abyssinicus shirensis Wroughton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 5: 274,
March. Zomba, southern Nyasaland [15° 34' S., 35° 17' E., ca 3,000 feet].

1913. Sylvicapra grimmia deserti Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (17): 4, 21 Oct.
Voi, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 24' S., 38° 33' E., 1,830 feet].

Distribution.— BnAi Duikers, as represented by some or all of the above races,
are common throughout Tanganyika except, apparently, the south-eastern
coastal area.

Subfamily HIPPOTRAGINAE Brooke,

Tribe Reduncini Simpson.

Genus Kobus A. Smith. Waterbucks.

1840. Kobus A. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr., Mamm., pt. 12, pi. 28 and text; pi. 29,
Oct. Genotype, by original designation, Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogiiby).

Kiswahili : kuro.

Kobus ellipsiprymnus kondensis Matschie. Nyasa Common Waterbuck.

1911. Kobus ellipsiprymnus kondensis Matschie, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 5: 556, Aug.
Mwaya, north end of Lake Nyasa, south-western Tanganyika Territory.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnbrton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

347

Records. — Widespread in suitable locaiitics in south-central and south-eastern
Tanganyika in Rufiji, Aiorogoro, Kilosa, Ulanga, Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, Miki-
ndani, Newala, Masasi, Tunduruj Songea, Mpwapwa, Rungwe and Mbeya Dis-
tricts. The dividing line between the ranges of this and the next race is not
known and the distribution given here is arranged geographically rather than
on any anatomical differences between the two races.

Kobus ellipsiprymnus kuru Heller*. Swahili Common Waterbiick,

1913. Kobus ellipsiprymnus kuru Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (13): 6, 16 Sept.
Taveta, south-east of Kilimanjaro, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 25' S., 37° 40' E.,
2,490 feet].

Records. — Widespread in suitable localities in north-eastern Tanganyika in Tanga,
Pangani, Lushoto, Pare, Handeni, Bagamoyo, Moshi and Arusha Districts.
Kobus ellipsiprymnus thikae Matschie. Highland Common Waterbuck.

1910. Kobus ellipsiprymnus thikae Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1910:
411. Thilta River north of 01 Donyo Sabuk, Kenya Colony.

Widespread in suitable localities in northern and central Tanganyika
east of the Rift Wall in Masai, Mbulu, Kondoa and Singida Districts. An iso-
lated herd of Common Waterbuck was reported in 1927 near Nyamirembe Bay,
Biharamulo District, many miles to the west of the present limits of this species
and well into “ Defassa ” country.

Kobus defassa ugandae Neumann. Uganda Defassa Waterbuck.

1905. Kobus unctuosus ugandae Neumann, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1905: 92.
Mayanja River, border between Mubende and Mengo Districts, Uganda Protectorate.

Records. — Bukoba and Buha Districts.

Kobus defassa adolfi-friderici (Matsclile). Serengeti Defassa Waterbuck.

1906. Cobus adMlfi-friderici MzlschiCj Weidwerk Wort Bild 15: 234; 1910, S. S.
Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1910: 409. Orangi River south ofikoma, Musoma District,
Tanganyika Territory.

1913. Kobus defassa raineyiFltVLtx^ Smithson, misc. Coll. {IS)'. 5, 16 Sept. Amala
River, west of Loita Plains, south-western Kenya Colony.

Records. — Widespread in suitable localities west of the Rift Wail in Masai, Musoma,
Mwanza and Shinyanga Districts.

Kobus defassa crawshayi (P. L. Sdater). Northern Rhodesia Defassa W^aterbuck,
1894. Cobus cratoshayi P. L. Sdater, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893: 726, text-f., April.
North shore of Lake Mweru, Northern Rhodesia [ca 8° 30' S., 29° E., 3,060 feet].

Records. — Widespread in suitable localities in Manyoni, Rungwe, western Mbeya,
Chunya, Tabora, Kigoma, Mpanda and Ufipa Districts.

Genus Adenota Gray. Kobs, Pukus.

1847. Adenota Gray, List osteoL Spec. Brit. Mus. pp. xv, 146; 1851, Proc. zool.
Soc. Lond. 1850: 129, 24 Feb. Genotype, by monotypy. Antilope kob (Erxleben).
Adenota kob thomasi (P. L. Sdater). Uganda Kob.

1864. Kobus leucotis P. L. Sdater, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1864: 103, July. Buganda
Province, Uganda Protectorate. Not Antilope leucotis Lichtenstein and Peters, 1854.

1896. Cobus thomasi P. L. Sdater (ex Neumann MS), Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895:
869, 870, text-f., April. Berkeley Bay, north-east shore of Lake Victoria, boundary
bctw'een Kenya Colony and Uganda Protectorate.

Records. — Recorded by Roosevelt and Heller (1915:517) as occurring in Bukoba
District and near the Simiyu River south-east of Mwanza. The latter record is

Probably synonymous withK.t;. thikae Matschie.

348

G. H. SWYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

extremely doubtfiil, and this species has not been recorded from any part of
Tanganyika in recent years.

Adenota VARDONii SENGANUS (P. L. Sclater). Northern Puku.

1897. Cobus senganus P. L. Sclater, in P. L. Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes
2: 145, Jan. Asenga country, 2,500 feet, upper Luangwa River Valley, north-eastern
Northern Rhodesia [fide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 437].

Distribution — In south-west Tanganyika around the north shore of Lake Nyasa;
the south and west shores of Lake Rukwa between Ngombaand Ntakasangwa;
the upper Ulanga Valley from the Ifakara ferry in the east to within fifteen
miles of Utenguie in the west, and from the base of the Uzungwa Mts. in the
north to the Lupiro-Malinyi district motor road in the south.

Genus Redunca H. Smith. Reedbucks.

1816. Cervicapra Blainviile, Bull. Sci. Soc.philom. Paris 1816: 75, May. Genotype,
by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1897, Book of Antelopes 2: 155,
March; Palmer, 1904, In^x Gen. Mamnal., p. 173), Antilope redunca P^las. Not
Cervicapra Sparrman, 1780.

1827. H. Smith, in Griffith’s Cuvier, 5: 337. As a subgenus

of Antilope Pallas; genotype, by absolute tautonomy. Antilope redunca Pallas.

Kiswahih : tohe.

Redunca redunca ugandae (Blaine)*. Aakole Bohor Reedbuck.

1913. Cervicapra bohor ugandae Blaine, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11: 289, 291, March.
Ankole, south-v.restern Uganda Protectorate.

Karagwe, ^ziba.

Redunca redunca wardi (Thomas). Highland Bohor Reedbuck.

1900. Cervicapra redunca Wardi Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6: 304, Sept.
Mai! Plateau, west of Naloxm, Kenya Colony.

Records.—lAgorongOTO, 01 Biribiri; Yaida; Kikore, Manyata, Sambala, Serya;
Bahi; Lake Chaya; Kidaru, Wembere; Rumuh; Buhoro Fiats, Usangu;
Lupa River, Makanganga, Ntumbi; south shore of I.ake Rukwa; Ikoma, Mara
River, Musoma, Seronera River; south of the Duma River, Kimali, Mahaha;
Biliaramulo, Nyamirembe; Hurahuru, Nindo, Shinyanga; Galagala River,
Malagarasi River; Igombe River, Kwazi River, Nyahua, Ugala River; Butanda,
Luiche; Lake Chada, Katavi Plain; Chapota, Kachungu, Mfi, Namanyere.

Redunca redunca tohi Heller*. Swahili Bohor Reedbuck.

1913. Redunca redunca tohi Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (7): 10, 31 July.
Mariakani, Kilifi District, Kenya Colony [3° 52' S., 39° 27' E., 670 feet].

Records. — Amboni; Chunge, Kivingo; Zombe; Kilosa; lower Kilombero valley,
Luhombero River, Luwegu River, lower Ruaha River; between the Matandu
and Rufiji Rivers; Ruhu River; Rovuma River; Lake Jipe, Ngulu; Arusha
Chini, Kahe; Lake Momela; Meserani Dam; Tarangire; Lake Manyara.

Redunca arundinum occidentalis (W. Rothschild). So-atfeern Reedbuck.

1907. Cervicapra arundinemn occidentalis W. Rothschild, Proc. sool. Soc. Land.
1907: 237, 1 Aug. Near Fort Jameson, Eastern Province, Northern Rhodesia [13° 37' S.
32° 41' E.].

Probably synonymous with R.r. toardi (Thom.as).

349

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

Records. — Widespread in Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, Mikindani, Newala, Masasi, Tundu-
m and Songea Districts; Ipemi; Mwaya, Songwe (Nyasa) River; Msangalawe,
between Tundnma and the Saisi River; Luika; lower Mara River (Neumann);
west Mwanza District; Biharamulo-Bukoba border, south-west Biliaramulo;
Nindo; Burigi, Kahama, Ngaya; Kakoma; Kalambo Fails, Mfi.

Redunca fulvorufula chanleri (W. Rothschild). CIsanler’s Moentain Reedbuck.

1895. Cervicapra chanleri W. Rothschild, Novit. zool. 2: 53, 1 Feb. Slopes of the
Jombeni Range, north-east of Mt. Kenya, Mera District, Kenya Colony.

Oimanjaro up to 15,000 feet, Engare Nairobi; Mt. Gelai at 7,000 feet,
Ngorongoro; Mt. Hanang; Bereku Ridge; Banagi Hill; Matwiga; 01 Biri-
biri, Sadiman Hill.

Tribe Hippotragini Simpson.

Genus Hippotragus Sundevall.

1845. Hippotragus Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetenskakad. Fork., Stockh. 2: 31. Geno-
type, by monotypy and original designation, Antilope equina Pallas. Under suspension of
the Rules, Hippotragus Sundevall is adopted as the proper generic name instead of
Egocerus D^marest [vide Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom.^ no. 109, in Smithson, misc. Coll.
73 (6): 16, 8 June, 1929].

Kiswahili: Roan Antelope, korongo\ Sable Antelope palahala, mbarapi.

Hippotragus equinus langheldi Matschic, East African Roan Antelope.

1898. Hippotragus langheldi Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1898: 182.
Tabora, western Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Mkata, Mswaki; Mandera; Mang’ati; Kikore, upper Bubu River;
Ruruma; between the Mara and Ruwana Rivers, west from Maji Moto and Nata
to Lake Victoria, Banagi northwards to the Kenya bound^; Gugu River,
Kimali, Machanta Hill, Nyaitiboro Hill, Shonu, near the Simiyu River, Zagayu;
Kiziba; west of Kitalala, Mwamalasa. Widespread in western Kondoa, south-
west Manyoni, south-west Mbeya, Chunya, western Mwanza, Biharamulo,
Bukoba, Nzega, Kahama, Buha, Tabora, Kigoma, Mpanda and Ufipa Districts,
Hippotragus nicer roosevelti (Heller). Northern Sable Antelope.

1910. Ozanna roosevelti Heller, Smithson, misc. Cell. 54 (6): 1, 3 March. Shimba
Hills, Kwale District, Kenya Colony.

Records. — Girihini, Makunde, Perani; Genda Genda; Laite Jipe, Kisiwani; Kang’ata,
Mswaki; Kingoni, Kisauke, Sadani, Udoe; Kibiti, Mbimi, Mohoro, Mpanga,
Ndundu, Selous Reserve, Utete, Zombe; Ukami, Ukum; Kidete, Kilosa, K-
pera, Mkata; Ifakara, lower ^lombero Valley, Luhombero River, Mahura,
Malinyi; Ngayaki, Pagwi; Rungwa River, Usuhilo; Barabara’s, north of Ilunga
Range, Lupa Plateau, Makanganga; Geita, west of Smith Sound; 20 miles north
of Biharamulo, Busirayombo, Nyamirembe; Huruhuru; Burigi; Kilumbi,
Nyahua, Ugunda; north and west of Katavi Plain; Ntumba. Widespread in
Kilw'a, Liwale, Lindi, Mikindani, Newaia, Masasi, Tunduru and Songea Districts.

Genus Oryx Blainvillc. Oryxes, Gemsboks.

1816. Oryx Blainviile, Bull. Sci. Soc. philom. Paris ISIS: 75, May. Genotype,
by tautonomy. Antilope oryx Pz\\c&=Capra gazella Linnaeus.

Kiswahili : choroa.

Oryx beisa callous Thomas. Kilimanjaro Fringe-eared Oryx.

1892. Oryx callotis Thomas, Nature, Land. 45: 526, 31 March; Proc. zool Soc.
Land. 1892: 195, pi. 14, Aug. Neighbourhood of Kilimanjaro, Kenya Colony or Tanga-
nyika Territory.

350

VOL. XX

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.2.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Perani; Chunge, Kamakota, Kivingoj Lake Jipe, Kifaru, Kiria, Kisiwani,
Lulambuj Mswaki; Engare Nairobi, Used; Engare Nanyuki; east of Kikore,
Mnenya; Mlali Plains; widespread in Masailand east of the Rift Wall, only a
few herds west of the Rift Wall on the Sanjan Plains-

Tribe Alcelaphini Simpson.

Genus Damaliscus P. L, Sclater and Thomas. Topis, Sassabys.

1846. Damalis Gray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18: 233, Oct. Genotype, by subsequent
designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1894, Book of Antelopes 1: 51, Aug.), Antilope
lunata Burchell, Not Damalis Fabricius, 1805, in Diptera.

1894. Damaliscus P. L. Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes 1: 3, 51, Aug.
Genotype Antilope pygarga Pallas. New name for Damalis Gray, preoccupied.

Kiswahili : nyamera.

Damaliscus korrigum ugandae Blaine*. Ankole Topi.

1914. Damaliscus korrigum ugandae Blaine, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 334, March.
South-west Ankole, Uganda Proteaorate.

Records. — Karagwe, Kiziba.

Damaliscus korrigum jimela (Matschie). Unyamwezi Topi.

1892, Damalis firnela Matschie, 5. B. Gcs naturf. Fr. Berl. 1892: 135, Unyamwezi,
Western Province ,Tanganyika Territory,

Records. — Kilimanjaro area (Jackson; none now there); between the Duma River
and Ikoma, Kitario, between the Mara and Ruwana Rivers, Serengeti Plains;
Nasa, west of Smith Sound; south of the Duma River, Mahaha, Nunghu,
Zaga5m; Biharamulo; Huruhuru; Marang’ombe Mbuga; Mabama, Unyamwezi;
Lake Chada, Katavi Plain; Mpimbwe, Rukwa Valley, Ukia, Usevia.
Damaliscus korrigum eurus Blaine*, Usangu Topi.

1914, Damaliscus korrigum eurus Blaine, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 335, March,
Buhoro Flats, Upper Ruaha River, Southern Highlands Province, Tanganyika Territory,
Records. — Known only from the type-locality.

Genus Alcelaphus Blainvillef . Hartebeests.

1816, Alcelaphus BhinviHe, Bull. Sci. Soc.philom. Paris. 1816: 75, May. Genotype,
by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1894, Book of Antelopes 1: 5, 7,
Aug.), Antilope bitselaphus Pallas.

Kiswahili: kongoni.

Alcelaphus buselaphus jacksoni (Thomas). Jackson’s Hartebeest.

1892. Bubalis Jacksoni Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 386, May. Country
between Lakes Victoria and Naivasha, south-west Kenya Colony.

/?ecorr/s.-“South-west of Lake Victoria; widespread in Bukoba District.
Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii Gunther. Coke’s Hartebeest.

1884. Alcelaphus Cokii Gunther, Atm. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 426, text-f. 1, Dec.
Mlali Plains, Mpwapwa District, Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Perani; Kamakota, Kivingo; Lake Jipe, Kambi ya Simba near Kisiwani,
Ngulu Gap, Same; Engare Nairobi; Lake Momela, Engare Nanyuki; foot of
Mt. Hanang, Ufiome; Kikore, Ndadya, Sambala; north of Kiboriani and Mlali
Mts.; Itiso; betw’een Kapalata and Saranda, Mikwesi; Mkalama, Sibiti River,

* Probably synon}>mous with D.k. jimela (Matschie).

t Bubalis Lichtenstein, 1814, which antedates Alcelaphus Blainville, 1816, is not available [fide
Lyon, 1914, Proc. hiol. Soc. Wash. 27: 228, 29 Dec.; Hollister, 1921, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 34:
77, 31 March] .

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, Checklist of Land Mamnals F.z.s.,

351

Wembere; generally distributed in Masai, Mbulu, Musoma, Maswa and Shinya-
nga Districts.

Alcelaphus lichtensteinii (Peters). Lidttesistein’s Hartebeest.

1849. Antilope (Bubalis) Lichtensteinii Peters, Mitth. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. pub-
lished in Spenersche Ztg on 23 Dec.; 1852, Reise Mossamb.y Saugeth., p. 190, pi. 43, 44.
Tete, south bank of the Zambesi ^ver, Borcma District, Portuguese East Africa [16°
9' S., 33° 36' E., 250 feet].

Records. — Genda Genda Plill; Kingoni River, near Pongwe, Wami River; Tunu-
nguo, Ukaini; Cliipogolo; ten miles south-west and 25 miles north of Biharamulo,
Nyamirembe; generally distributed in Uzaramo, Rufiji, Kilosa, Ulanga, Kilwa,
Liwale, Lindi, Newala, Masasi, Tunduru, Songea, Dodcma tnd Manyoni south
of the Centr 1 Railway, Iringa, Mbeya, Chunya, western Mwtnza, western Nzega,
western Kahama, southern Buha, Tabora, Kigoma, Mpanda and Ufipa Districts.

Genus Gorgon Gray. Brindled Gnus, Blue Wildebeests.

1850. Gorgon Gray, Glean. Menag. Av.Knowsley 2: 20, pi. 19, f. 2; 1851, Proc.
zool. Soc. Lond. 1850: 139, 24 Feb. As a subgenus of Catoblepas Gray; genotype,
by tautonomy. Antilope gorgon H. Smkh.= Antilope taurina Burcheli.

Kiswahili : nyumbu.

Gorgon taurinus johnstoni (P. L. Sclater). Nyasa Blue Wildebeest.

1896. Connochaetes taurinus johnstoni P. L. Sclater, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 188S:
616, pi. 28, Oct. Mlanje Plain, south end of Lake Shirwa, southern Nyasaland.

Records.— Kwangwazi, Mohoro area, Mpanga area, Selous Reserve; Mkata Plain,
Timunguo, Ukami, Ukiitu, Wami River; Ksanga; Ifakara, Mahenge, Mahimgoi;
generally distributed in Kilwa, Liwale, Lindi, Masasi, Tunduru and Songea
Districts.

Gorgon taurinus hecki (Neumann). Western White-bearded Wildebeest.

1905. Connochoetes hecki Neumann, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Ber/. 1905; 96. Near
Mt. Hanang, Mbulu Districr, Tanganyika Territory.

1913. Connochaetus albojubatus lorenzi Zukowsky, Arch. Naturgesch. 79 A (12):

81, pi. 1, Ngorongoro Crater, northern Tanganyika Territory,

1913. Connochaetus albojubatus sehulzi Zukov/sky, Arch. Naturgesch. 79 A (12):

82, pi. 2; pi. 3, lower f. Ngorongoro Crater, northern Tanganyika Territory.

1913. Connochaetus albojubatus henrici Zukow^sky, Arch. Naturgesch. 79 A (12):

83, pi. 3, upper f.; pi, 4. Se"engeti Plains, northern Tanganyika Terri’-ory.

Records. — Lake Eyasi, Mang’ati Plains, Yaida; SibM River, Wemtere Plains;

Kitalala, Mihama, Mwamalasa, Somagedi; Nanga River, Sungwlzi; common and
v/idespread in Masai west of the Rift Wall, Musoma and Maswa Districts.
Gorgon taurinus albojubatus (Thomas). Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest.

1892. Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus Thomas, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 388,
May, Athi Plains, central Kenya Colony.

i?ecords.~Mswaki, Sere Mbuga; Engare Nairobi, Sanya Plains; Masail'-nd, gene-
rally distribut d east of the Rift Wall; Lake Manyara, Mbugwe, Tarangire; east
of Kikore, Mrijo.

SubfamHy ANTILOPINAE Baird.

Tribe Neotragini Simpson.

Genus OREOTRitGUS A. Smith. Klipspringers.

1834. Oreotragus A. Smith, S. Afr. quart. J. 2: 212, May. As a subgenus of
Antilope Pallas; genotype, by original designation. Antilope {Oreotragus) typiciis A.
Smith— Antilope oreotragus Zimmermann.

Kiswahili: mhtizi mawe, ngtmi guru.

352

VOL. XX

G. H, SwYNNERTONj F.z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Oreotragus oreotragus cf Q. o. CENTRALIS Hintoii, Northern Rhodesia
Kiipspringer.

1921. Oreotragus oreotragus centralis Hinton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 8; 131, July.
Southern Chinsali District, Northern Rhodesia.

i?ecori5.— Mukalizi, Ndalambo; Chapota, Kalambo Falls, Mpui, Mwimbi.

Oreotragus oreotragus aceratos Noack. Noack’s Kiipspringer.

1899. Oreotragus aceratos Noack, Zool. Anz. 22: II, 16 Jan. Mb'rakuru River
near its junction with the Kiperere River, v/ithin ten miles of 9° 58' S., 38° 19' E., south-
eastern Tanganyika Territory.

Records.-~On rocky hills near Ligera, Kandulu, Kilimarondo, Matekwe, Lutando,
Ltimesule River, Mtetesi River, Mkokono, and eas.era Songea District.

Oreotragus oreotragus schillingsi Neumann. Masai Kiipspringer.

1902. Oreotragus schiUingsi Neumann, S. 3. Ges. naturf. pr. BerL 1902: 170,
172, Nov. Long do Mt., Masai Distria, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Genda Genda; Gerevi Hill; Kipindu; generally distributed on suit-
able rocky hills and scarps in Pare, Moshi (Kilimanjaro up to about 12,500 feet),
Arusha, Masai, Mbuiu, Kondoa, Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Manyoni, Singida, Iringa,
north-' astern Mbeya, Chunya, Musotna, Maswa, Mwanza, Biharamulo, Shinya-
nga, Nzega, Tabora, Kahama, Buha, and Kigoma Districts.

Genus Ourebia Laurillard. Orlbis,

1841. Oicrebia Laurillard, in D’Orbigny’s Diet. univ. Hist. -nat. 1: 622. As a sub-
genus of Antilope Pallas; genot}^e, by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas,
1896, Book of Antelopes 2: 13, Jan.), Antilope scoparia Senrehix— Antilope ourebi
Zimmermaim.

Kiswahili: taya.

Ourebia ourebi ourebi (Zimmermann). South African Oribi.

1783. Antilope Ourebi Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch, 3: 268. Cape of Good Hope,
Cape Province, South Africa.

Records.— Kalambo Falls, near Namanyere.

O.rebia ourebi cf O. o. HASTATA (Peters). Peterses Oribi.

1852. A[ntilope] hastata Peters, Mitth. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. publisfed in the
Spcnersche Ztg on 22 Feb.; Reise Mossamb., Sdugeth., p. 188, pi. 40; pi. 41, f. 2; pi. 42,
f. 2. Sena, south bank of tr.e Zambesi River, Sena Distrid;, Portuguese East Africa
[17° 28' S., 35° 5' E.j.

Records. —In the vicinity of the tributaries of ihe Mbemkuru and Matandu Rivers
in west-central Kiiwa, east-central Liwale, and north-central Lindi Districts.

Ourebia ourebi ugandai de Beaux. Uganda Oribi.

1921. Ourebia montanaugatidae do Ann. Mus. Civ. Star. nat. Genova 49:

223, 31 March. Ne r Gondoko o, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

/?ecurdr.—Karagwe; Nyamirembe; wester ^ Mwanza District.

Ourebia ourebi cottoni Thomas and Wroughton. Fowell-Cotton’s Oiibh
1908. Ourebia cottoni Thomas and Wroughton, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1: 178,
Feb. Sergoit Hill, 7,000 feet, Uasin Gishu Distria, Kenya Colony [0° 39' N., 35° 23' E.].
Records.— Bdsotu, Mang’ora, Ghatesh; Lake Chaya, Itagata, Lusiga Mbuga,
Usuliilo; Ilongero; Chaiangwa, Lupa Plateau, Manikonde; Kitario, south of
Mara River and north of the line Maji Moto-~Suguti Bay; Zagayu; 15 miles
south of Kaliua, Kilumbi, Mabama, Tabora.

353

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals
Genus Raphicerus H. Smith. Steinboks, Grysboks.

1827. Raphicerus H. Smith, in Griifith’s Cuvier, Anim.Kingd. 5: 342. As a sub-
genus of Antilope Pallas; genotype, by subsequent designation (P. L. Sclater and Thomas,
1896, Book of Antelopes 2: 33, Jan.), Antilope campestris Thunberg.

1906, Nototragus Thomas and Schwann, AJsstr. Proc. zool. Soc. Land., no. 27,
p. 10, 27 Feb.; Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1906: 168, 7 June. Genotype, by raonotypy and
original designation, Antilope melanotis Thunberg.

Kiswahili: dondoro.

Raphicerus campestris neumanni (Matschie). Tanganyika Steinbok.

1894. Pediotragus neumanni Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1884: 122,
Near Mt. Hanang (Gurui), Mbulu Distria, Tanganyika Territory ~^fUe Swynnerton
:nd Hayman, 1945: 137].

Records. ~-M.7xikm.Q River; Engare Nairobi, Sanya Plains; Engare Nanyuki,
Lake Momela; widespread in Masai District; near Mt. Hsnang; Sambala;
Mpwapwa, Zoisa; Dodoma, Itiso; Ilongero; west of Mufindi; near Njombe;
Lupa Plateau; south of Baridi Hills, Serengeti Plains; south of Lake Victoria,
Moru, Shanwa, Zagayu; Wembere Plains; Kilumbi; west of Lake Rukwa,
Saia.

Raphicerus sharpei sharpei (Thomas). Sharpens Grysbok.

1897. Raphiceros sharpei Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1896: 796, pi. 39, April.
Southern Angoniland, Nyasaland.

i?rcorJs.— Sparsely distributed in Kilwa, Liwal’ and Lindi Districts; Kirurumo;
Luchinde, Mbezuma, between Mbozi and Tunduma, Mukalizi, Ntainene; foot
of the Ilunga Range, Ngomba Stream, Zongwe Hill ; near Nyamirembe, Kimwani ;
Kahama District; Kakoma; Butanda; between the Saisi River and Kalambo
Falls.

Genus Nesotragus von Dueben. Sunis,

1845, Nesotragus von Dueben, Ofvers. VetemkAkad. Porh.^ Stockh. 3: 221.
Genotype, by monotypy, Nesotragus moschatiis von Dueben.

Kiswahili: paa.

Nesotragus moschatus moschatus von Dueben, Zanzibar Sunl.

1846. Nesotragus mosc'mtus von Dueben, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Fdrh.i Stockh. 3:
22 1 . Chapani Islet, west of Zanzibar Island.

Records.— Zmzibzr Island and tw^o small neighbouring islet i (endemic).

Nesotragus moschatus kirchenpaueri Pagenstecher. Mount Meru Sun',

1885. Nesotragus Kirchenpaueri Pagenstecher, Jb. hamburg zviss. Anst. 2: 36,
Arusha, sou h-west foot of Mt. Meru, northern Tanganyika Territory.

Records.— Kidenge, Uzaramo; Mkarazi, Morogoro, Tununguo,
Ukami; Boydu Islet, Rufiji River de'tt; Kibongoto, Kilimanjar ; Arusha,
Mt. Meru; Ngorongoro; said to be local in Mbulu and Iiinga Districts; Sam-
bala; Mpwapwa; Mafia Island,

Nesotragus livingstonianus Kirk, Livingstone’s Sunk

1865. Nesotragus livingstonianus Kirk, Proc. zool. Soc. Lcmd. 1864: 657, May
Shupanga, south bank of the Zambesi River, Portuguese East Africa [18° 2' S., 35° _0' E.]
[vide Moreau, Hopkins and Hayman, 1946: 436.]

Records.— ‘ Sparsely distributed in most of the thicker forests of the Southern
Province ” [C. J. P. lonldcs, in litt.].

354

G. H. SwYNNERTONs F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

Genus Rhynchotragus Neumann. Long-snouted Dikdiks.

1905. Rhynchotragus Neumann, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1£05 : 88. Genotype,
by original desY nation, Madoqua guentheri Thomas.

Kiswahili: dikidiki, suguya.

Rhynchotragus kirkii nyikae Heller. Taita Dikdik.

1913. Rhynchotragus kirki nyikae Heller, Smithson, misr. Coll. '^1 (7): 3, 31 July.
Ndi, 13 miles north of Voi, Taita Distria, Kenya Colony [3° 14' S., 38° 30' E., 1,' 00 feet].
Distribution. — Generally distributed in suitable localities in Lu hoto and Pa;. Dis-
tiias.

Rhynchotragus kirkii thomasi N um nn. Ugo?o Dikd*«^.

1905. Rhynchotragus thomasi Neumann, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1905: 89.
Itiso, northern Ugogo, entral Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Generally distributed in ruitable localitie in Kilosa, Moshi (including
a possible record at 14,000 feet on Kilimanjaro), Arusha, Masai, Mbulu, Kondoa,
Mpwapwa, Dodoma, Sing da, Man oni, Iringa, no th-eastem Mb ya, Chunya
(north-east of Lake Rukw ), Musoma, Mwanza, Maswa, Biharamul ( eco ded
f om Busirayombo and Nyamirembe), Shinyanga, Nzega, Kahama, Tabora .nd,
sparsely, Kigoma Districts.

Tr'b’ Antilopinl S'mpson.

Genus Aepyceros Sundevall. Impalas.

1847. Aepyceros Sundevall, svenska Veten kAkad. Handl. 184S: 271. G no-
type, by monotypy and original desi ■^nation An Hope melampus Lich'.enstein.

Ki wrhili: swala pala.

Aepyceros melampus johnstoni Thomas. Nya^aland Impala.

1893. A pyceros melampus johnstoni Th''mas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1892: 553,
April. Zomba, southern Nyasaland [15° 24' S., 35° 17' E., ca 3,000 feet].

Possibly entering Tanganyika in Rungwe, south-western Mbeya and
southern Ufipa Districts.

Ae yceros me’^^ampus suara ^Matschif"). Tanganyika Impal'.

1892. Strepsiceros suara Matschie, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1892: 135. Igonda,
37 miles south of Tabora, western Tanganyika Territory.

Distribution. —Widdy di tributed and generally common thr ughout the Territory.

Genus Litocranius Kohl. Gerenuk, or Waller’s Gazelle.

1886. Litocranius Kohl, Ann. naturh. Hofmus. Wien 1: 79. Genotype Gazella
tvalleri Brooke.

Kiswahili: swala twiga.

Litocranius watleri walleri (Brooke).

1 79. Gazella walleri Brooke, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878: 929, pi. 56, April.
Coast near Juba River, Italian Somaliland [fde Hollis’^er, 19*4- 1231.

Distribution.— Wid.e&p'-ezd and comparatively common in suitable localities in Pare
and eastern M-’sai Districts: Chimge, Kivingo, Mkomazi, Umba Steppe; east
of Kikore and Mrijo.

Genus Gazella B1 inville. Gazelles.

1816. Gazella Blainvillp, Bull. Si. So''. thiPm., Paris 18^6: 7', May. Genotype,
by subsequent des’gnati'>n ''Ogilb", 1837, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1836: 137, 27 'ure).
Antilope dorcas (Linnaeus). Adapted s the cot ct generic n me for the gazelles [vide
Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom.g no. 108, in Smithson, misc. CJl. 73 (6): 15, 8 .une, 1929],

355

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynnertoNj f.z.s.j Checklist of Landa Mmmals

Subgenus Gazella Blainville.

Kiswahili: swala tomi, Ida.

Gazella thomsonii thomsonii Gunther. Thomson’s Gazelle.

1884. Gazella Thomsonii Gunther, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 427, text-f., Dec.
Foot of Kilimanjaro, Kenya Colony or Tanganyika Territory.

j5.~PIains round the foot of Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru; general in eastern
Masai and Mbulu Districts; ICikore, Ndadya; ? Mlah; Bahi Depression;
northern Iramba, Kidaru, Kisingika, Sekenke, Sibiti, Wembere Plains; Huru-
huru, Kitalala, Mihama, Mwamalasa, Somagedi.

Gazella thomsonii biedermanni (Knottnerus-Meyer/, Black-snouted Thomson’s
Gazelle.

1910. Eudorcas biedermanui [s/c] Knottnerus-Meyer, 5. B. Ges. naturf. Fr.
Berl. 1910 : 1 1 1, March, Shirati, east shore of Lake Victoria, Musoma District, northern
Tanganyika Territory.

Records. — Generally distributed in north-west Masai, Musoma, Maswa, Mwanza
and Kwimba Districts.

Subgenus Nanger Lataste.

1885. Nanger Lataste, Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux 39: 183, 295, Genotype, by
raonotypy, Nanger mhorr (Bennett).

Kiswahili: swala granti.

Gazella granti granti Brooke. Grant’s Gazelle.

1872. Gazella granti Brooke, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1872: 602, pL 41, Nov.
Western Nondwa, south-western Dodoma Distria, Tanganyika Territory.

1913. Gazella granti serengetae Heller, Smithson, misc. Coll. 61 (7): 5, 31 July.
Taveta, south-east of Kilimanjaro, Taita District, Kenya Colony [3° 25' S,, 37° 40' E.,
2,400 to 2,500 feet].

/?ecord5.---Kamakota, LJmba Steppe; Sere Mbuga; plains round Kilimanjaro and
Mt. Meru; Busi, Kikore, Kisese, Mrijo, Ndadya; Bahi Depression; Sibiti,
Wembere Plains; Pawaga; generdly distributed in Pare, eastern Masai, Mbulu
Mpwapwa and western Dodoma Districts.

Gazella granti robertsi Thomas. Wide-horned Grant’s Gazelle.

1903. Gazella granti robertsi Thomas, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1903 (2): 119, text-f.
10, 11, 1 Oct. Near Mwanza, south of Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory,

/?ecord5.— Generally distributed in western Masai, Musoma, Maswa and eastern
Mw^anza Districts.

Subfamily CAPRINAE Gill.

Genus Capra Linnaeus. Goats.

1758. Capra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1 : 68. Genot]^e Capra hircus Linnaeus.
Kiswahili : mbuzi.

(Capra hircus Linnaeus. Domesticated Goat.

1758. Capra Hircus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 68, Sweden.
5tatM5—”Introduced under domestication.

Genus Ovis Linnaeus. Sheep.

1758. Ovis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 70. Genotype Om Linnaeus.
Kiswahili : kondoo.

(Ovis aries Linnaeus. Domesticated Sheep.

1758. Ovis Aries Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 70. Sweden.

Status. — Introduced under domestication.)

* Probably synonymous with G.t. nasalis LbnnbeTg[fide Roosevelt and Heller 1915, ii: 600]. Allen
(1939: 527) uses the name G.t. ruwanae (Knottnerus-Meyer) for the small race inhabiting the
area between Lake Victoria and the Rift Wall; G.t. biedermanni has page-priority and is adopted
here. The synonyms listed by Allen (Joe. cit.) under G.t. ruwanae should, with G.t. ruwanae,
be included as synonyms of G.t, biedermanni (Knottnerus-Meyer).

356

VoL. XX

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals
4. REFERENCES.

AlleNj G. M. (1908). Notes on Chiroptera. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 52: 25.

Allen, G. M. (1911). Bats from British East Africa. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 54: 321.
Allen, G. M. (1936). The type specimen of Erinaceus albiventris Wagner. J. Mammal. 17: 62.
Allen, G. M. (1939). A checklist of African mammals. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 83: 1.
Allen, G. M., and Lawrence, B. (1936). Scientific results of an expedition to the rain forest
regions of eastern Africa. 3. Mammals. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 79: 31.

Allen, G. M., and Loveridge, A. (1927). Mammals from the Uluguru and Usambara Mountains,
Tanganyika Territory. Proc. Boston. Soc. nat. Hist. 38: 413.

Allen, G. M., and Loveridge, A. (1933). Repons on the scientific results of an expedition to the
southwestern highlands of Tanganyika Territory. 2. Mammals. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool.
Harv. 75: 47.

Allen, G. M., and Loveridge, A. (1942). Scientific results of a founh expedition to forested
areas in East and Central Africa. 1. Mammals. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 89: 147.
Allen, J.A. (1922). The American Museum Congo Expedition collection of Insectivora. Bull. Amer.
Mus. nat. Hist. 47 : 8.

Allen, J. A. (1924). Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bull.
Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 47 : 73.

Allen, J. A. (1925). Primates collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bull,
Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 47 : 283.

Allen, J. A., Lang, H., and Chapin, J. P. (1917). The American Museum Congo Expedition
collection of bats. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 37 : 480, 494.

Andersen, K. (1912). Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Vo\. 1.

Megachiroptera. Ed. 2. London: British Museum.

Anderson, J., and De Winton, W. E. (1902). Zoology of Egypt, Mammalia. London: Rees.

A WORLD LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS published in the years 1900-1933. Ed. 2,
1934. London: Oxford University Press.

Babault, G. (1947). Description d’une nouveUe sous-esp^ce du genre Tragelaphus (Mammifdre
Onguld). Tragelaphus scriptus reidae. Bull. Mus. His. nat. Paris 19: 379.

Bohmann, L. (1939). Neue Rassen der Gattung Dendromus A. Smith. Ergebnisse der Ost-
afrika-Reise Uthmoller Bohmann. Zool. Anz. 127: 170, 15 Aug.

Bohmann, L. (1942). Die Gattung Dendromus A. Smith. Versuch ciner natiirlichen Gruppierung.
(Ergebnisse der Ostafrika-Reise 1937 Uthmoller-Bohmann VIII). Zool. Anz. 139: 33,
1 Aug.

Bohmann, L. (1943). Zwei neue Oiowys-Rassen aus Ostafrika. Ergebnisse der Ostafrikareise
1937 UthmSller-Bohmann IX. Zool. Anz. 143: 153, 2 text-f., 15 Aug.

Cabrera, A. (1936). Subspecific and individual variation in the Burchell zebras. J. Mammal.
17; 89.

Christy, C. (1929). The African buffaloes. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. \929-. 445.

Davis, D. H. S. (1949). The affinities of the South African gerbils of the genus Tatera. Proc.
zool. Soc. Lond. 118: 1002.

Dekeyser, P.-L. (1943). Description d’un type de Crocidure africaine d’A. Milne-Edwards:
Crocidura bloyeti. Bidl. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 155.

Dollman, G. (1914). On the spiny mice of British East Africa, with a description of a new species
from Magadi. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 14: 485, key.

Dollman, G. (1915). On the swamp-rats {Otomys) of East Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 15: 149,
key.

Dollman, G. (1915-1916). On the .African shrews belonging to the genus Crocidura. Ann. Mag.

nat. Hist. 15: 507, 562; 16: 66, 124, 357, 506; 17: 188.

Dollman, G. (1935), The occurrence of the chimpanzee in Tanganyika Territory. Proc. linn.
Soc. Lond. 1935: 15.

Drake-Brockman, R. E. (1930). A review of the antelopes of the genera Madoqua and Rhyncho-
tragus. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1930: 51.

Ellerman, j. R. (1940, 1941, 1950). The families and genera of living rodents. 3 vols. London:
British Museum.

Evans, F. G. (1942). The osteology and relationships of the elephant shrews (Mascroscelididae).
Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 80: 85.

Grant, C. H. B. (1944). Distribution of Lepus victoriae victoriae Thomas. Ann. Mag. nat.
Hist. 11: 272.

Grant, C. H. B. (1946). The distribution of the chimpanzee in Tanganyika Territory. Tanganyika
Notes Rec. 21: 110.

Hahn, H. (1934). Die Familie der Procaviidae. Z. Sdugetierk. 9: 207.

Harrison, H. (1936). The Shinyanga game experiment; a few of the early observations. J.
Anim. Ecol. 5 : 271.

Hatt, R. T. (1933). An annotated catalogue of the Hyracoidea in the American Museum of Na-
tural History, with a description of new species from the lower Congo. Amer. Mus. Novit.
594: 1.

357

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Chzcklht of Land Mammals

Hatt, R. T. (1940a). Mammals collected by the Rockefeller-Murphy expedition to Tanganyika
Territory and the eastern Belgian Congo. Amer. Mus.Novit.lQilQ'. 1. '

Hatt, R. T. (1940b). Lagomorpha, and Rodentia other than Sciuridae, Anomaluridae and Idiu-
ridae, collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist.
76: 457.

Hayman, R. W. (1937). A note on Galago senegalensis inustus Schwarz. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.
20: 149.

Hershkovitz, P. (1948). Names of mammals dated from Frisch, 1775, and Zimmermann,
1777. J. Mammal. 29: 272.

Hershkovitz, P. (1949). Status of names credited to Oken, 1816. J. Mammal. 30: 289.

Hill, J. E., and Carter, T. D. (1941). The mammals of Angola, Africa. Bull. Amer. Mus.
nat. Hist. 78: 1.

Hollister, N. (1918, 1919, 1924). East African mammals in the United States National Museum.
Bull. U. S. nat. Mus. 99.

Hopwood, a. T. (1947). The generic names of the Mandrill and baboons, with notes on some of
the genera of Brisson, 1762. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 117: 533.

Jackson, C. H. N. (1930). Contributions to the bionomics of Glossina morsitans. Bull. ent. Res.
21: 498.

Johnston, H. H. (1885). General observations of the fauna of Kilima-njaro. Proc. zool. Soc.
Bond. 1885: 214.

Kershaw, P. S. (1921). On some new small mammals from East Africa. Ann Mag nat.
Hist. 8: 563.

Kershaw, P. S. (1922). On a collection of mammals obtained by Capt. G. C. Shortridge in Nor-
thern Rhodesia, with field-notes by the collector. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10: 104.

Kershaw, P. S. (1923a). On a collection of mammals from Tanganyika Territory. Ann. Mag.
nat. Hist. 11: 586.

Kershaw, P. S. (1923b). On some small mammals from Tanganyika Territory. Ann. Mag. nat.
Hist. 12: 534.

Lonnberg, E. (1910). Mammals in SjOstedt’s Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoolo~
gischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-
Ostafrikas, 1905-1906. Bd. 1, Abt. 2. Stockholm: Palmquist.

Loveridge, a. (1921, 1922). Notes on East African mammals (other than horned ungulates)
collected or kept in captivity 1915-1919. 2 parts. J. E. Afr. nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 38; 17: 39.

Loveridge, A. (1923). Notes on East African mammas, collected 1920-1923. Proc. zool. Soc.
Land. 1923 : 685, map.

Loveridge, A. (1928). Field notes on vertebrates collected by the Smithsonian-Chrysler East
African expedition of 1926. Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 73: 1.

Lydekker, R. (1913, 1915, 1916). Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum {Na=
tural History). Vols. 1, 4, 5. London: British Museum.

Lydekker, R., and Blaine, G. (1914). Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum
{Natural History). Vols. 2, 3. London: British Museum.

McConnell, R. B. (1945). A further note on chimpanzees in the Kigoma District. Tanganyika
Notes Rec. 19: 68.

Matschie, P. (1895) Saugetliiere in Moebius’s Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Bd. 3. Berlin; Reimer.

Matschie, P. (1897). Zur Faunistik Deutsch-Ost-Afrika: Saugethiere. Arch. Naturgesch. 63 (1);
81. (182 species recorded, an increase of sixteen over Matschie’s 1895 list).

Matschie, P. (1898). Sdugetierwelt in Werther’s Die mittleren Hochlander desn6rdlichenDeutsch-=
Ost-Afrika, p. 205. Berlin: Paetel.

Matthews, L. H. (1939). The subspecies and variation of the Spotted Hyaena, Crocuta crocuta
Erxl. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 109: 237.

Miller, G. S. (1912). Catalogue of the mammals of western Europe in the collection of the British
Museum. London: British Museum.

Moore, A. (1938). Serengeti. London: Country Life.

Moreau, R. E. (1942, 1943). The occurrence of the chimpanzee in Tanganyika Territory. Tanga-
nyika Notes Rec. 14l: 52; 15: 84; 16: 10.

Moreau, R. E. (1944). Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya: some comparisons, with special reference
to the mammals and birds; and with a note on Mount Meru. Tanganyika Notes Rec. 18: 28.

Moreau, R. E., Hopkins, G. H. E., and Hayman, R.W. (1946). The type-localities of some African
mammals. Proc. zool. Soc. bond. 115: 387.

Moreau, R. E., and Pakenham, R. H. W. (1941). The land vertebrates of Pemba, Zanzibar and
Mafia; a zoo-geographical study. Proc. zool. Soc. bond. 110: 97.

Nash, T. A. M. (1930). A contribution to our knowledge of the bionomics of Glossina morsitans.
Bull. ent. Res. 21 : 234.

Neave, S. A. (1939-1950). Nomenclator Zoologicus. 5 vols. bondon: Zoological Society of London.

Neumann, O. (1900). Die von mir in den Jahren 1892-95 in Ost-und Central -Africa, speciell in
den Massai-Landern und den Landern am Victoria Nyansa gesammelten und beobachteten
Saugethiere. Zool.Jb., Syst. 13: 529, map, 10 Oct.

Noack, T. (1887). Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Saugethier-Fauna von Ost-und Central-Afrika
(Bohm). Zool. 3b. 2: 193, 7 May.

VOL. XX

35g G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Noack, T. (1891). Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Saugethier-Fauna von Ostafrika. Jb. hamburg.
wiss. Anst. 10: 1.

NoacKj T. (1894). Neue BeitrSge zur Kenntinss der Saugethier-Fauna von Ost-Afrika (Emin).
Zool.Jb., Syst.l: 523, 23 Dec.

Pitman, C. R. S. (1932). A report on a faunal survey of Northern Rhodesia with special reference
to game, elephant control, and national parks. Livingstone: Government Printer.

PococK, R. I. (1922). On the external characters and classification of the Mustelidae. Proc. zool.
Soc. Land. 1921 : 803.

PococK, R. I. (1932). The leopards of Africa. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1932: 543.

PocoCK, R. I. (1935). The races of the striped and brown hyaenas. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1934: 799.
PocoCK, R. I. (1939, 1941). The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammals,
2 vols. London: Taylor and Francis.

Poole, A. J., and Schantz, V. S. (1942). Catalog of the type specimens of mammals in the United
States National Museum. Bull. U. S. nat. Mus. 178: 1.

Raven, H. C., and Hill, J. E. (1942). Notes on Cercopithecus hamlyni Pocock. Amer. Mm.
Novit. 1177: 1. (Includes a revised grouping of the genus Cercopithecus.)

Roosevelt, T., and Heller, E. (1915). Life-histories of African game animals. 2 vols. London:
Murray.

Roberts, A. (1944). Andrew Smith’s early descriptions of animals. SAMAB 3: 238.

RusHBY, G. G.j and Swynnerton, G. H. (1946). Notes on some game animals of Tangan3nka
Territory. Tanganyika Notes Rec. 22: 14.

Ruxton, A. E., and Schwarz, E. (1929). On hybrid hartebeests and on the distribution of the
Alcelaphus buselaphus group. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1929: 567.

St Leger, j. (1931). A key to the families and genera of African Rodentia. Proc. zool. Soc.

' Lond. 1931: 957.

St Leger, J. (1932). On Equm quagga of south-western and eastern Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.
10: 587, key.

St Leger, J. (1936). A key to the species and subspecies of the subgenus Cephalophus. Proc.
zool. Soc. Lond. 1936: 209.

Sanderson, I. T. (1940). The mammals of the North Cameroons forest area. Being the results
of the Percy Sladen expedition to the Mamfe Division of the British Cameroons. Trans,
zool. Soc. Lond. 24: 623.

Schouteden, H. (1944-1946). De Zoogdieren van Belgisch-Congo en van Ruanda-Urundi. Ann.
Mus. Congo beige 3: 1-168, March, 1944; pp. 169-332, January, 1945; pp. 333-576, July,
1946} keys*

Schwarz’ E. (l°928a). Notes on the classification of the African monkeys in the genus Cercopithecus,
Erxleben. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 1 : 649.

Schwarz, E. (1928b). The species of the genus Cercocebus, E. Geoffroy. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

1 : oo^.

Schwarz, E. (1929). On the local races and distribution of the Black and White Colobus monkeys.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1929: 585.

Schwarz, E. (1930). Die Sammlung afrikanischer Saugetiere im Congo-Museum. Ginsterkatzea
(Gattung Genetta Oken). Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 19: 275.

SCHW.ARZ, E. (1931). On the African long-tailed lemurs or galagos. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

Sclater, P. L., and Thomas, O. (1894-1900). The book of antelopes. 4 vols. London: Porter.

ScLATER, W. L. (1900, 1901). The fauna of South Africa: Mammals. 2 vols. London: Porter.

Sherborn, C. D. (1902). Index Animalium 1758-1800. London: British Museum.

Sherborn, C. D. (1922-1932). Index Animalium 1801-1850. London: British Museum.

Shortridge, G. C. (1934). The mammals of South West Africa; a biological account of the forms
occurring in that region. London: Heinemann.

Shortridge, G. C. (1942). Field notes on the second expedition of the Cape Museum’s mammal
survey of the Cape Province; and descriptions of some new subgenera and subspecies. Ann.
S. Afr. Mus. 36: 27.

Simpson, G. G. (1945). The principles of classification and a classification of manunals. Bull.
Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 85: 1.

Swynnerton, C. F. M. (1923). The entomological aspects of an outbreak of sleeping sickness near
Mwanza, Tanganyika Territory. Bull. ent. Res. 13; 324.

Swynnerton, C. F. M. (1936). The tsetse flies of East Africa: a first study of their ecology, with
a view to their control. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 84: 1, maps.

Swynnerton, G. H. (1945). A revision of the type-localities of mammals occurring in the Tanga=
nyika Territory. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1 15 : 49.

Swynnerton, G. H. (1948). Notes on some mammals found in the Lake Rukwa catchment area,
south-western Tanganyika Territory. Annu. Rep. Game Preservation Dep. Dar es Salaam

o.

Swynnerton, G. H. (1949). On the type-locality of Tragelaphus scriptus reidae Babault. Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. 2: 156.

Swynnerton, G. H., and Hayman, R. W. (1945). On the type of Raphicerus campestris neumanni
(Matschie). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 137.

G. H. SwYlwmTON, P.Z.S.J Checklist of Land Mammals

359

Jan. 1951

Thomas, O. (1885). Report on the mammals obtained and observed by Mr. H. H. Jolinston on
Mount Kilima-njaro. Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1885: 219, 1 Aug.

Thomas, O. (1893). Descriptions of two new rodents from the Victoria Nyanza. Ati7i. Mag.
nat. Hist. 12: 267, Oct.

Thomas, O. (1910). List of mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro, obtained by Mr. Robin Kemp,
and presented to the British Museum by Mr. C. D. Rudd. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6 : 308,
Sept.

Thomas, O. (1916a). On the rats usually included in the genus Arvicanthis. Ann. Mag. nat.
Hist. 18: 67, key.

Thomas, O. (1916b). On small mammals obtained in Sankuru, south Congo, by Mr. H. Wilson,
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18: 237, key to subgenera of Dendromus.

Thomas, O. (1918). A revised classification of the Otomyinae, with descriptions of new genera
and species. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 2: 203, key.

Thomas O. (1919). A synopsis of the groups of true mice found within the Indian empire. J.
Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 417, discussion of the status of the genus Leggada.

Thomas, O. (1924). Nomina conservanda in Mammalia. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1924: 345.

Thomas, O., and Hinton., M. A. C. (1925). On mammals collected in 1923 by Captain G. C,
Shortridge during the Percy Sladen and Kaffrarian Museum expedition to South-West Africa.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1925: 232, key to the genera of dormice.

True, F. W. (1892). An annotated catalogue of the mammals collected by Dr, W. L. Abbott
in the Kilima-njaro region. East Africa. Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 15: 445.

ZUKOWSKY, L. (1913). Ueber einige anscheinend neue Rassen von Connochaetus albojubatus
Thomas aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. Arch. Naturgesch. 79 A (12): 76, pi, 1-4.

5. GAZETEER OF LOCALITIES

Amani, Usambara Mts., Tanga, 1,400 to

3.600 feet. 5° 6' S., 38° 38' E.
Ambangulu, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 4,250

feet. 5° 5' S., 38° 26' E.

Amboni, Tanga, sea level. 5° 3' S., 39° 4' E.
Amboni Caves. See Mkulumuzi Caves.
Arusha, south foot of Mt. Meru, Arusha,
4,400 feet. 3° 23' S., 36° 43' E.

Arusha Chini, Moshi, 2,200 to 3,000 feet.
3° 35' S., 37° 20' E.

Babati, Mbulu, 4,500 feet. 4° 13' S., 35°
44' E.

Bagamoyo, Bagamoyo, sea-level. 6° 25' S.,
38° 54' E.

Bagiro, north slopes of Uluguru Mts.,
Morogoro, 5,500 to 6,500 feet. 6° 51' S.,
37°44'E

Bahi, Dodoma, 2,700 feet. 6° 0' S., 35° 18' E.
Bahi Depression, Dodoma and Manyoni,

2.600 feet. 6° 7' S., 35° 10' E.

Balbal Lolemek, Masai, 4,500 feet. 4° 33' S.,
37° 20' E.

Banagi, Musoma, 4,400 feet. 2° 17' S.,
34° 50' E.

Barabara’s, Chunya, 3,900 feet. 8° 12' S.,
32° 54' E.

Baridi Hills, Musoma, 4,000 to 4,600 feet.
2° 2' S., 33° 53' E.

Barikiwa, Liwale, 2,100 feet. 9° 28' S.,
37° 54' E.

Barungi, Kondoa, 3,500 to 5,000 feet. 5°
to 5° 37' S., 35° 40' to 36° 20' E.

Bashai, Mbulu, 6,400 feet. 4° 0' S., 35° 30'E.
Basotu, Mbulu, 5,500 feet. 4° 23' S., 35° 5' E.
Berega, Kilosa, 3,100 feet. 6° 13' S., 37°
10' E.

Berege, Mpwapwa, 4,100 feet. 6° 30' S.,
36° 17' E.

Bereku Ridge, Kondoa, 5,000 to 5,800 feet.
4° 28' S,. 35° 45' E.

Bicha Lake, Kondoa, 4,950 feet. 4° 56' S.,
35° 49' E.

Biharamulo, Biharamulo, 4,600 feet. 2° 38'
S., 31° 19' E.

Bismarckburg. See Kasanga.

Bismarck Hut, south-east slopes of Kiliman-
jaro, Moshi, 8,500feet. 3° ll'S., 37°31'E.

Bogoti, Nguru Mts., Morogoro, 2,000 feet.
6° 20' S., 37° 25' E.

Bomole Hill, Usambara Mts., Tanga, 3,700
feet. 5° 6' S., 38° 38' E.

Boydu Islet, Rufiji, sea-level. 7° 52' S.,
39° 32' E.

Bubu River, Mbulu, Kondoa and Dodoma,
7,000 to 2,600 feet. From 4° 25' S., 35° 27 '
E. to 6° 5' S., 35° 15' E.

Buhoro Flats, Mbeya, 3,700 feet. 8° 30' S.,
34° 25' E.

Bukine, Noith Mara, 4,000 to 4,500 feet.
1° 12' S., 34° 6' E.

Bukoba, Bukoba, 3,720 feet. 1° 21' S.,
31° 48' E.

Bumbiri Island, Bukoba, 3,717 to 4,100 feet.
1° 38' S., 31° 52' E.

Bumbuli, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 2,000
feet. 4° 52' S., 38° 27' E.

Bumpeke, Mwanza, 4,600 feet. 3° 4' S.,
32° 20' E.

Bunduki, Uluguru Mts., Morogoro, 5,000
feet. 7° 2' S., 37° 38' E.

Bungu, Lushoto, 4,000 feet. 5° 2' S., 38°
24' E.

Bunua. See Ibunua.

Burigi, Kahama, 3,900 feet. 3° 37' S.,
32° 40' E.

Busi, Kondoa, 3,800 feet. 4° 51' S., 36° 3' E.

Busirayombo, Biharamulo, 3,750 feet. 2°
47' S., 31° 47' E.

Butanda, Kigoma, 3,400 feet. 4° 59' S.,
31° 15' E.

Chada Lake, Mpanda, 2,900 feet. 6° 58' S.,
31° 17' E.

Chake Chake, Pemba Island, sea-level.
5° 13' S., 39° 45' E.

Chalangwa, Chunya, 5,800 feet. 8° 40' S.,
33° 35' E.

360

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Chamliho Hill, Musoma, 4,800 to 5,750 feet,
r 57' S., 34“ 8' E.

Chanzuru, Kilosa, 1,600 feet. 6° 53' S.,
37“ 5' E.

Chapani Islet, Zanzibar, sea-level. 6“ 8' S,.
39“ 12' E.

Chapota, Ufipa, 5,100 feet. 8“ 16' S.,
31“15'E.

Chaya Lake, Manyoni, 4,200 feet. 5“ 37' S.,
34“ 3' E.

Chipoka Falls, Chunya, 3,000 feet. 8“ 27' S.,
33“ 2' E.

Chipogolo, Mpwapwa, 2,800 feet. 6“ 52' S.,
36“ 3' E.

Chui, Chunya, 2,630 feet. 8“ 11' S., 32°
41' E.

Chulo River, Singida. Not located.

Chunge, Lushoto, 2,000 feet. 4° 20' S.,
38“ 19' E.

Chunya, Chunya, 4,700 feet. 8“ 32' S.,
33° 25' E.

Chunyu, Mpwapwa, 2,800 feet. 6“ 18' S.,
36° 20' E.

Chwaka, Zanzibar Id, sea-Ievel. 6“ 10' S.,
39° 25' E.

Dabaga, Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, 6,000 feet.
8° 7' S., 35° 55' E.

Dakawa, Morogoro, 1,500 feet. 7“ 27' S.,
37“ 44' E.

Dar es Salaam, Uzaramo, sea-level. 6° 48' S.,
39° 18' E.

Derema. See Ndarema.

Dilangilo, Uzaramo, 500 feet. 6“ 48' S.,
38° 54' E.

Dodoma, Dodoma, 3,700 feet. 6° 11' S.,
35° 45' E.

Dombolo, Singida. Not located.

Donyo Ngai. See 01 Doinyo Lengai.

Donyo Ngaptuk. See Longido Mt.

Dongobesh, Mbulu, 7,000 feet. 4“ 5' S.,
35° 25' E.

Duma R., Maswa and Mwanza, 5,500 to 4,000
feet. From 2° 40' S., 34° 40' E. to 2° 35' S.,
33° 28' E.

Dunda, Bagamoyo, 100 feet. 6° 31' S.,
38° 48' E.

Durumo River, Singida, 7,000 to 3,400 feet.
From 4“ 0' S., 35“ 25' E. to 3° 53' S.,
34° 38' E.

Emin Pasha Gulf, Mwanza and Biharamulo,
3,717 feet. 2° 35' S., 31“ 50' E.

Endamarid R., east slopes of Mt. Hanang,
Mbulu, 9,000 to 6,000 feet. 4“ 28' S.,
35° 25' E.

Engare Mbusse. See Ormasse River.

Engare Olmotoni, Arusha, 5,000 to 4,000 feet.
3° 22' S., 36° 36' E.

Engare Nairobi, west foot of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 4,000 to 5,000 feet. 3° 5' S.,
37° 0' E.

Engare Nanyuki, north foot of Mt. Meru,
Arusha, 4,000 to 5,000 feet. 3° 10' S.,
36° 50' E.

Engaruka, Masai, 3,000 feet. 2“ 59' S.,
35° 58' E.

Eyasi Lake, Singida, Maswa, Masai and
Mbulu, 3,380 feet. 3“ 40' S., 35° 0' E.

Farkwa, Kondoa, 3,900 feet. , 5“ 24' S.,
35“ 37' E.

Fufuni, Pemba Id., sea-level. 5“ 27' S.,
39“ 42' E.

Fungwe Forest, Livingstone Mts., Njombe,
7,000 feet. 9° 20' S., 34° 0' E.

Galagala R., Buha, 4,500 feet. 3“ 52' S.,
30“ 40' E.

Gelai Mt., Masai, 2,500 to 9,650 feet. 2“
37' S., 36“ 7' E.

Genda Genda, Pangani, 1,500 to 1,727 feet.
5“ 34' S., 38“ 38' E.

Gerevi Hill, Lushoto, 1,300 feet. 4“ 30' S.,
38“ 33' E.

Ghatesh, Mbulu, 5,700 feet. 4“ 31' S.,
35° 23' E.

Girihini, Tanga, 450 feet. 4° 56' S., 38“
54' E.

Gombe R., Nzega, Tabora and Kigoma,
4,200 to 3,400 feet. From 4° 26' S.,
33° 15' E., to 4“ 59' S., 30° 57' E.

Gonda. See Igonda.

Gongwe, Mpanda, 3,200 feet. 6“ 37' S.,
31° 7'E.

Gonja, Pare, 2,800 feet. 4“ 21' S., 38° 3' E.

Gross Aruscha. See Arusha,

Grumeti R., Musoma, 6,500 to 3,850 feet.
From 1° 45' S., 35“ 15' E. to 2° 4' S.,
37“ 57' E.

Gugu R., Maswa, 4,500 feet. 3° 35' S.,
34° 35' E.

Gulwe, Mpwapwa, 2 800 feet. 6“ 28' S.,
36“ 24' E.

Gurui. See Hanang Mt.

Guta, Musoma, 3,720 feet. 2° 5' S., 33“
44' E.

Gwao’s. See Ikungi.

Hanang Mt., Mbulu, 6,000 to 11,215 feet.
4“ 26' S., 35° 24' E.

Handajega, Maswa, 3,900 feet. 2° 17' S., 34“
4' E.

Haneti, Dodoma, 4,000 feet. 5“ 29' S.,
35° 53' E.

Hohenlohe-Graben. See Yaida Depression.

Huruhuru Mbuga, ShJnyanga, 3,900 feet.
3“ 27' S., 33“ 10' E.

Iboma, Chunya, 2,650 feet. 8“ 10' S.,
32° 39' E.

Ibunua, Manyoni, 4,300 feet. 5“ 36' S.,
34° 36 E.

Ifakara, Ulanga, 1,000 feet. 7“ 42' S.,
37° 1' E.

Ifume River, Ufipa and Mpanda, 4,500 to
2,534 feet. From 7° 20' S., 30° 57' E.,
to 6“ 44' S., 30° 25' E.

Igali, Poroto Mts., Mbeya, 6,000 feet. 9“
3' S., 33° 25' E.

Igigwa, Tabora, 3,800 feet. 5° 26' S., 32“
52' E

Igonda,. Tabora, 3,725 feet. 5° 32' S.,
32° 40' E.

Igundu, Shinyanga, 3,700 feet. 3“ 45' S.,
32“ 52' E.

Ihanganya, Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, 6,000 feet.
8“ 4' S., 35° 48' E.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s.. Checklist of Lajid Mammab

361

Ihangiro, Bukoba, 3,800 to 5,100 feet. 1°
50', S., 31° 25' E.

Ihila, Kigoma, 4,600 feet. 5® 19' S., 30°
47' E.

Ikikuyu, Mpwapwa, 3,900 feet. 6° 47' S.,
36° 25' E.

Ikoma, Musoma, 4,000 feet. 2° 5' S.,
34° 38' E.

Ikungi, Singida, 4,700 feet. 5° T S., 34°
47 'E.

Ilonga, Kilosa, 2,000 feet. 6° 46' S., 37° 2' E,

Ilolo, Rungwe, 4,600 feet. 9° 10' S., 33°
35' E.

Ilunga Range, Chunya, 4,000 to 5,400 feet.
8° 20' S., 33° 5' E.

Ipeme, Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, 6,500 feet.
8° 25' S., 35° 23' E.

Ipeta Mbuga, Ulipa, 5,200 feet. 8° 15' S.,
31° 20' E.

Irangi, Kondoa, 3,900 to 7,000 feet. 4° 12' to 5°
6' S„ 35° 40' to 36° 55' E.

Iringa, Iringa, 5,400 feet. 7° 47' S., 35° 42' E.

Isabi, Kondoa, 5,400 feet. 4° 40' S., 35°
48' E.

Isikisia, Tabora, 4,200 feet. 4° 53' S., 33°
7' E.

Itale (Itari), Biharamulo, 3,750 feet. 2° 36' S.,
31° 45' E.

Itagata, Manyoni, 4,600 feet. 5° 48' S.,
34° 20' E.

Itende, Mpwapwa, 3,600 feet. 6° 44' S.,
36° 33' E.

Itewe, Chunya, 4,700 to 5,300 feet. 8° 35' S.,
33° 25' E.

Itigi Thicket, Manyoni, 3,900 to 4,400 feet.
5° 30' to 5° 55' S., 34° to 35° E.

Itiso, Dodoma, 3,900 to 5,500 feet. 5° 40' S.,
36° 0' E.

Itumba, Manyoni, 4,000 to 5,300 feet. 6°
32' S., 33° 50' E.

Jipe Lake, Pare, 2,298 feet. 3° 35' S.,
37° 45' E.

Jumbe Salim Risasi’s, Songea, 3,200 feet.
10° 36' S., 36° 30' E.

Kabale, Bukoba, 4,200 feet. 1° 19' S.,
31° 44' E.

Kachungu, Ufipa or Mpanda. Not located.

Kadala. See Ndala.

Kafisia, Mpanda, 2,800 feet. 6° 42' S.,

30° 27' E.

Kagongwa, Shinyanga, 3,900 feet. 3° 37' S.,
33° 8' E.

Kahama, Kahama, 4,200 feet. 3° 49' S.,

32° 36' E.

Kahe, Moshi, 2,260 feet. 3° 30' S., 37°
27' E.

Kainam, Mbulu, 6,000 feet. 3° 55' S.,

35° 35' E.

Kakindu, Bukoba, 3,900 feet. 1° 10' S.,

31° 29' E.

Kakoma, Tabora, 3,900 feet. 5° 47' S.,

32° 26' E.

Kalambo Falls, Ufipa, 4,000 feet. 8° 35' S.,
31°13'E.

Kalambo River, Ufipa, 5,700 to 2,534 feet.
From 7° 50' S., 31° 13' E., to 8° 35' S.,
31° 10' E.

Kaliua, Tabora, 3,500 feet. 5° 5' S., 31°
47' E.

Kalole, Mpanda, 3,800 feet. 6° 41' S., 32°
8'B. '

Kamakota, Lushoto, 1,900 feet. 4° 14' S.,
38° 25' E.

Kambi ya Simba, Pare, 2,700 feet, 4° 5' S,,
37° 50' E.

Kampisa River, Mpanda, 4,500 to 4,000 feet.
6° 15' S., 29° 58' E.

Kandalu, Tunduru, 2,000 feet. 10° 46' S.,
37° 12' E.

Kanemweni, Ufipa, 5,700 feet. 9° 5' S,,
32° 0' E.

Kanga, Morogoro, 1,900 feet, 6° 1' S.,
37° 46' E.

Kang’ata, Handeni, 300 feet. 4° 56' S.,
38° 56' E.

Kantesya River, Mbeya, 6,000 to 5,000 feet.
9° 15' S., 33° 0' E.

Kanyenye. See Nondwa.

Kapalagulu Mt., Kigoma, 5,000 feet. 5°
52' S., 30° 2' E.

Karagwe Bukoba, 4,000 to 5,500 feet. 1°
15' S.,31°50' E.

Karema, Mpanda, 2,540 feet. 6° 50' S.,
30° 50' E.

Karumo, Mwanza, 3,750 feet. 2° 31' S.,
32° 48' E.

Karusenyi, Musoma, 4,000 feet. 1° 49' S.,
33° 37' E.

Kasanga, Ufipa, 2,540 feet. 8° 27' S., 31°
9'E.

Kasulu, Buha, 4,100 feet. 4° 34' S., 30°
6' E.

Katani Boga. See Katavi Plain,

Katavi Plain, Mpanda, 3,200 feet. 6° 30' to
7° 0' S.,31°0' E.

Katumbiki River, Tabora and Mpanda,
3,700 to 3,450 feet. From 6° 12' S.,
32° 20' E., to 5° 47' S., 32° 3' E.

Kavuu River, Mpanda, 2,900 to 2,602 feet.
From 7° 0' S., 31° 17' E, to 7° 41' S.,
31° 52' E.

Kawewe’s. See Igigwa.

Kiantwara, Bukoba, 4,000 feet. 1° 20' S.,
31° 45' E.

Kibaya, Masai, 5,300 feet. 5° 17' S., 36°
34' E.

Kibiti, Rufiji, 550 feet. 7° 41' S., 39° 55' E.

Kibongoto, south-west foot of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 4,500 feet. 3° 12' S., 37° 7' E.

Kiboriani Mts., Mpwapwa, 4,000 to 6,400 feet.
6° 17' S., 36° 30' E.'

Kibosho, south foot of Kilimanjaro, Moshi,
4,300 feet. 3° 14' S., 37° 18' E.

Kibwesa, Mpanda, 2,550 feet. 6° 30' S.,
29° 58' E.

Kidaru, Singida, 3,800 feet. 4° 5' S., 34°
30' E.

Kidenge, Mpwapwa, 4,000 feet. 6° 45' S.,
36°3i'E.

Kidenge, Uzaramo, 550 feet. 6° 46' S.,
38° 58' E.

Kidete, Kilosa, 2,100 feet. 6° 39' S., 36°
42' E.

Kifaru, Fare, 2,900 feet. 3° 35' S., 37° 33' E.

Kiganga, Iringa, 3,900 feet. 7° 43' S.,
34° 57' E.

362

G. H. SvmJKBRTON, F.Z.S.J Checklist of Lattd MammaU

VOL. XX

Kigogo, Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, djOOO feet.
8“ 37' S., 35^ 15' E,

Kigoma, Kigoma, 2,600 feet. 4° 52' S.,

29° 38' E.

Kigwa, Tabora, 4,200 feet. 5° 8' S., 33° 10' E.

Kigwe, Dodoma, 3,000 feet. 6° 6' S.,

35° 29' E.

Kihinde, Kilwa, 800 feet. 9° 50' S., 38° 50' E.

Kihuma, Liwde, 1,800 feet. 9° 13' S.,

37° 57' E.

Kija, Buha, 4,500 feet. 3° 55' S., 30° 35' E.

Kikore, Kondoa, 4,200 feet. 4° 22' S.,

35° 50' E.

Kikuyu, Dodoma, 3,800 feet. 6° 11' S.,

35° 43' E.

Kilambwezi, Ufipa, 5,200 feet. 9° 5' S.,
32° 3' E.

Kilimanjaro, Moshi, 3,000 to 19,565 feet.
2° 45' to 3° 20' S., 37° 55' to 38° 40' E.

Kilimarondo, Masasi, 1,800 feet. 10° 32' S.,
38° 6' E.

Kilimatinde, Manyoni, 3,600 feet. 5° 32' S.,
34° 57' E.

Kilindi, Handeni, 3,000 feet. 5° 40' S.,

37° 34' E.

Kilinga Stream, Chunya, 3,500 to 2,602 feet.
8° 22' S. 32° 52' E.

Kilombero River, Ul'anga, 1,000 to 600 feet.
From 9° 0' S., 36° 0' E., to 8° 10' S.,
37° 0' E.

Kilonito, Masai, 2,100 feet. 2° 30' S.,
36° 0' E.

Kilosa, Kilosa, 1,600 feet. 6° 51' S., 36°
59' E.

Kilumbi, Tabora, 4,800 feet. 6° 17' S.,

33°51'E.

Kilwa, Kilwa, sea-level. 8° 45' S., 39° 25' E.

Kilwa Kisiwani, Kilwa, sea-level. 8° 57' S.,
39° 32' E.

Kimali, Maswa, 4,300 feet. 3° 23' S.,
34° 28' E.

Kimamba, Kilosa, 1,700 feet. 6° 48' S.,

37° 8' E.

Kimatu, Manyoni, 4,500 feet. 6° 11' S.,
34° 37' E.

Kimbande, Songea, 1,500 feet. 11° 30' S.,
36° 10' E.

Kimugai Lake, Mpwapwa, 2,500 feet. 6°
29' S., 36° 30' E.

Kimwani, Biharamulo, 3,900 feet. 2° 10' S.,
31°40'E.

Kingani River. See Kingoni River

Kingolwira, Morogoro, 1,485 feet. 6° 40' S.,
37° 47' E.

Kingoni Ferry, Bagamoyo, sea-level. 6° 27'
S., 38° 49' E.

Kingoni (lower Ruvu) River, Bagamoyo,
600 feet to sea-level. 6° 35' S., 38° 45' E.

Kingori Juu, Moshi and Arusha, 4,000 to
5,000 feet. 3° 10' S., 36° 58' E.

Kinole, north slopes of Uluguru Mts., Moro-
goro, 2,500 to 5,000 feet. 6° 50' S.,
37° 42' E.

Kipembawe, Chunya, 5,500 feet. 7° 39' S.,
33° 23' E.

Kipera, Kilosa, 1,700 feet. 6° 56' S., 36°
56' E.

Kiperere, Liwale, 1,000 feet. 9° 50' S.,
38° 30' E.

Kipindu, Bagamoyo, 1,700 feet. 6° 0' S.,
38° 0' E.

Kiria, Pare, 2,100 feet. 3° 53' S., 37° 30' E.

Kirurumo, Manyoni, 4,700 feet. 5° 53' S.,
34° 12' E.

Kisa, Ufipa, 3,000 feet. 7° 50' S., 31° 45' E.

Kisaki, Morogoro, 670 feet. 7° 25' S.,
37° 35' E.

Kisanga, Kilosa, 2,900 feet. T 23' S.,
36° 44' E.

Kisauke, Bagamoyo, 200 feet. 6° 12' S.,
38° 45' E.

Kisawasawa, Ulanga, 950 feet. T 50' S.,
36° 56' E.

Kiserawe, Uzaramo, 550 feet. 6° 53' S.,
39° 3' E.

Kisese, Kondoa, 4,200 feet. 4° 29' S.,
35° 50' E.

Kisima, Mpwapwa, 3,000 feet. 7° 2' S.,
36° 2' E.

Kisigo River, Manyoni, Dodoma and Iringa,
4,400 to 2,400 feet. From 5° 4' S., 34°
35' E. to 7° 5' S., 35° 50' E.

Kisingika, Singida, 3,800 feet. 5° 3' S.,
34° 3' E.

Kisiwani, Pare, 2,600 feet. 4° 8' S„ 37° 57' E.

Kisokwe, Mpwapwa, 4,000 feet. 6° 17' S.,
36° 27' E.

Kisongo, Masai, 3,900 to 4,600 feet. 3° 25' S.,
36° 25' E.

Kitalala, Shinyanga, 3,450 feet. 3° 59' S.,
34° 3' E.

Kitamuli Hill, Pare, 2,800 to 3,600 feet.
4° 4' S., 37° 39' E.

Kitaya, Mikindani, 300 feet. 10° 48' S.,
40° 10' E.

Kitesa Forest, Matengo HiUs, Songea,
6,500 feet. 11° S., 34° 55* E.

Kitete, Masai, 3,300 feet. 3° 15' S., 35° 55' E.

Kitumbini Forest, Lindi, 500 feet. 9° 38' S.,
39° 32' E.

Kitungulu, Ufipa, 4,500 feet. 8° 28' S.,
3i°19'E.

Kivingo, Lushoto, 1,400 feet. 4° 29' S.,
38° 29' E.

Kizerui, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 4,000 feet.
4° 58' S., 38° 40' E.

Kizi, Ufipa, 4,500 feet. 7° 11' S., 31° 2' E.

Kiziba, Bukoba, 3,800 to 4,200 feet. 1° 13' S.,
31° 30' E.

Kizumbi, Shinyanga, 3,900 feet. 3° 43' S.,
33° 25' E.

Klein Aruscha. See Arusha Chini.

Koma, Mv,'anza. Not located.

Rome Island, Lake Victoria, Mwanza, 3,717
to 4,000 feet. 2° 20' S., 32° 30' E.

Kondoa, Kondoa, 4,500 feet. 4° 55' S.,

35° 47' E.

Kongwa, Mpwapv.'a, 3,100 feet. 6° 11' S.,
36° 25' E.

Konko, Manyoni, 3,900 feet. 6° 20' S.,

34° 57' E.

Korogwe, Lushoto, 963 feet. 5° 10' S.,

38° 29' E.

Kungwe Mt., Mpanda, 2,600 to 8,250 feet.
6° 8' S., 29° 48' E.

Kwa Mtoro, Kondoa, 4,000 feet. 5° 14' S.,
35° 26' E.

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynkestoNj P.Z.S.j Checklist of Land Maimnals

363

Kwangwazi, Ruiiji, 400 feet. 7° 47' S.,
38° 15' E.

Kwa Tisso. See Itiso.

Kwazi River, Tabora, 3,900 feet. 6° 20' S.,
33° 0' E.

Kwimba Hill, Chunya, 4.700 to 5,500 feet.
8° 10' S., 32° 47' E,

Lalago, Maswa, 3,800 feet. 3° 27' S., 33°
55' E.

Lendanai, Masai, 5,000 feet. 4° 5' S., 37°
5'E.

Lihangwa River, Liwale, 1 ,200 feet. 8° 40' S. ,
38° 23' E.

Ligera, Songea, 3,200 feet. 10° 57' S.,
35° 56' E.

Lindi, Lindi, sea-level, 10° 0' S., 39° 45' E.

“ Little Lake Windermere.” SeeLwelo Lake.

Liwale, Liwale, 1,900 feet. 9° 47' S., 37°
58' E.

Logi, Dodoma, 2,700 feet. 7° 0' S., 36° 0' E.

Loiborsoit, Masai, 4,900 feet. 3° 46' S.,
36° 27' E.

Lolbene, Masai, 3,500 to 6,200 feet, 3° 57' S.,
37° 7' E.

Lolkidong’oi, Masai, 4,500 feet. 4° 57' S.,
36° 35' E.

Lolkisale, Masai, 5,100 to 6,995 feet. 3°
46' S., 36° 24' E.

Longido Mt., Masai 5,000 to 8,576 feet.
2° 42' S„ 36° 43' E.

Losimingur Mt., Masai, 4,000 to 7,000 feet.
3° 25' S., 36° 4' E.

Lossogonoi Plateau, Masai, 3,000 to 5,000
feet. 4° 0' S., 37° 15' E.

Luchinde, Mbeya, 5,000 feet. 9° 7' S.,
32° 22' E.

Ludilo, Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, 6,500 feet.
8° 20' S., 35° 15' E.

Luengera River, Usambara .Mts., Lushoto,

4,000 to 950 feet. From 4° 40' S., 38°
35' E.. to 5° 11' S., 38° 31' E.

Lugala Hills, Mpanda, 4,000 to 6,000 feet.
6° 25'S., 30° 40'E.

Lugufu, Kigoma, 4,700 feet. 5° 33'S., 30°
33'E.

Luhira, Songea, 3,800 feet. 10° 37'S.,35°38'E.

Luhombero River, Ulanga, 3,000 to 900 feet.
From 9° 20'S., 36° 25'E. to 8° 30'S.,
37° 15'E.

Luiche Scarp, Kigoma, 2,700 feet. 4° 53 S.,
29° 45'E.

Luika, Chunya, 3,500 feet. 8° 22'S., 32° 54'E.

Lukangazi, north foot of Uluguru Mts.,
Morogoro, 2,000 feet. 6° 51'S., 37° 53'E.

Lulambu, Pare, 2,100 feet. 4° 25' S., 37°
52' E.

Lumi River, east slopes of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 10,000 to 3,000 feet. 3° 10' S., 37°
40' E.

Lunguma Mt., Mpanda, 5,500 feet. 6° 16' S.,
30° 0' E.

Lupa Plateau, Chunya, 3,000 to 5,500 feet,
7° 0' to 8° 35' S., 32° 35' to 33° 40' E.

Lupembe, Njombe 5,100 feet. 9° 18' S.,
35° 14' E.

Lupiro, Ulanga, 1,500 feet. 8° 25' S., 36° 38' E.

Lushoto, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 4,500 to

5,000 feet. 4° 47' S., 38° 17' E.

Lusiga Mbuga, Manyoni, 3,800 feet. 6° 17' S.,
34° 52' E.

I.utamba Lake, Lindi, 500 feet. 10° 2' S.,
39° 27' E.

Lutando, Masasi 1,200 feet. 10° 37' S.
38° 32' E.

Lutindi Hill, Usambara Mts., Lushoto
2,500 feet. 4° 54' S., 38° 37' E.

Luvuna, Urungwa Mts., Iringa, 6,300 feet.
8° 35' S., 35° 20' E.

Luwegu River, Songea and Ulanga, 3,000 to

1,000 feet. From 10° 3' S., 36° 0' E. to 9°
0' S„ 37° 23' E.

Lwelo Lake, Bukoba, 4,900 feet. 2° 0' S.,
30° 57' E.

Lyamungu, south foothills of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 4,200 feet. 3° 15' S. 37° 14' E.

Mabama, Tabora 3,800 feet. 5° 8' S., 32°
30' E.

Machame, south foothills of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 4,400 feet. 3° 15' S., 37° 13' E.
Machanta Hill, Maswa, 4,900 to 5,600 feet,
2° 40' S., 34° 25' E.

Madehani, Livingstone Mts., Njombe, 7,000
feet. 9° 20' S., 34° 1' E.

Madizini, Kilosa, 2,200 feet. 7° 13' S.,
36° 47' E.

Mafia Island, off Rufiji River delta, sea-level.

7° 37' to 8° 3' S.y 39° 35' to 39° 55' E.
Mafisi, Uzaramo, 250 feet. 6° 58' S., 38°
38' E.

Mafisi Fahre. See Mafisi.

Mafwemera Mts., Mpwapwa, 4,000 to 6,900
feet. 6° 50' S., 36° 35' E.

Magamba, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 5,000
feet. 4° 45' S., 38° 17' E.

Magoroto Hill, Tanga, 3,000 feet. 5° 7' S.,
38° 45' E.

Maguu, Songea, 5,000 feet. 11° 0' S.,
34° 54' E.

Mahaha, Maswa, 4,400 feet. 3° 8' S.,
33° 52' E.

Mahaka, Manyoni, 2,900 feet. 6° IT S., 35°
4'E.

Mahari Mts., Mpanda, 3,000 to 8.200 feet.
6° 15' S„ 29° 50' E.

Mahenge, Ulanga, 3,200 feet. 8° 40' S,,
36° 42' E.

Mahindi. See Kihinde.

Mahungoi, Ulanga, 1,000 feet. 8° 40' S.,
37° 18' E.

Mahura, Ulanga, 900 feet. 8° 30' S., 37°
10' E.

Maji Moto, Musoma, 4,400 feet. 1° 38' S.,
34° 20' E.

Makakala, Handeni, 3,000 feet. 5° 38' S.,
37° 34' E.

Makanganga, Chunya, 5,200 feet. 7° 27' S.,
33° 43' E.

Makasuku, Manyoni, 2,800 feet. 6° 0' S.j
36° 0' E.

Makata, Liwale, 2,000 feet. 9° 43' S., 37°
54'E.

Makere, Buha, 4,000 feet. 4° 17' S.,30° 25' E.
Makoko, Mbeya, 5,000 feet. 7° 56' S., 33°
40' E.

Makongolozi, Chunya, 3,750 feet. 8° 24' S.,
33° 8' E.

364

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Makiimba, Kilwa, 400 feet. 9® 37' S.,

39° 15' E.

Makutapora, Dodoma, 3,700 feet. 5° 59' S.,
35° 44' E.

Malagarasi River, Bulia, Tabora and Kigoma,
5,000 to 2,534 feet. From 4° 15' S., 30°
0' E. to 5° 15' S., 29° 50' E.

Maleza, Chunya, 2,700 feet. 8° 26' S., 32°
54' E.

Malinyi, Ulanga, 1,100 feet. 8° 57' S.,
36° 2' E.

MaUwe Lake, Kilwa, 300 feet. 8° 49' S.,
39° 2' E.

Malolo, Kilosa, 3,000 feet. 7° 21' S., 36°
36' E.

Malonje, Ufipa, 6,000 to 7,900 feet. 8° 3' S.,
31° 43' E.

Mamboya, Kilosa, 3,600 feet. 6° 18' S.,
37° 5' E.

Martibwe, Ufipa, 5,000 to 6,200 feet. 8° 40' S.,
31° 30' E.

Manda, Njombe, 1,570 feet. 10° 23' S.,
34° 35' E.

Mandera, Bagamoyo, 600 feet. 5° 47' S.,
38° 23' E.

Mangasini=Magazini. See Kwa Mtoro.

Mang’ati, Mbulu, 4,800 to 5,800 feet. 4°
35' S., 35° 25' E.

Mangogo, Ufipa or Mpanda. Not located.

Mang’ora, Mbulu, 3,450 feet. 3°35°S., 35°

17' E.

Manikonde, Chunya, 5,000 feet. 7° 26’ S.,
32° 26' E.

Manja, Pangani. Not located.

Mansimba, Nzega, 3,900 feet. 4° 6' S.,
33° 22' E.

Mantu3tu, Handeni. Not located.

Manyamba. See Nanyamba.

Manyara Lake, Mbulu, 3,150 feet. 3° 30' S.,
35°50'E.

Manyata, Kondoa, 4,000 feet. 5° 10' S.,
35° 45' E.

Manyoni, Manyoni, 4,100 feet. 5 45' S.,
34° 51' E.

Mara River, Musoma and North Mara,
4,790 to 3,717 feet. From 1° 34' S.,
35° 0' E. to 1°31'S., 33° 55' E.

Marang’ombe Mbuga, Buha, 3,600 feet.
4° 0' S., 30° 35' E.

Marangu, southeast slopes of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 3,500 to 7,000 feet. 3° 18' S.,
37° 32 'E.

Masai Steppe (Loimberg, 1910). See Kingori
Tuu.

Masimani, Pare, 2,000 to 4,200 feet. 4° 13' S.,
37° 35 'E.

Masimba, north slopes of Uluguru Mts.,
Morogoro, 2,100 feet. 6° 55' S., 37° 45' E.

Matandu River, Liwale and Kilwa, 1,800 feet
to sea-level. From 9° 25' S., 37° 30' E.
to 8° 40' S., 39° 20' E.

Matapwa, Lindi, 500 feet. 9° 42' S., 39° 26' E.

Matekwc, Masasi, 1,500 feet. 10° 35' S.,
38° 20' E.

Matengo Hills, Songea, 4,000 to 6,000 feet.
10° 53' S., 34° 52' E.

Matomondo, Nguru Mts., Morogoro, 6,000
feet. 6° 8' S., 37° 28' E.

Matomondo River, Mpwapwa, 5,000 to 2,500
feet. 6° 25' S., 36° 34' E.

Matonya, Kondoa, 4,000 feet. 5° 7' S.,
35° 31' E.

Matungu, Handeni, Not located.

Matwiga, Ufipa or Mpanda. Not located.

Maurui, Lushoto, 1,100 feet. 5° 8' S., 38°
24' E.

Mawele, Tabora, 3,800 feet. 5° 22' S.,
32° 50' E.

Mawoga, Chunya, 3,500 feet. 8° 23' S.,
33° 6' E.

Mbala, Kilosa, 3,000 feet. 7° 33' S., 36°
38' E.

Mbamba Bay, Songea, 1,570 feet 11° 18' S.,
34° 45' E.

Mbanja, Lindi, 300 feet. 9° 52' S., 39°
43' E.

Mbarawala Forest, Kilwa, 600 to 1,000 feet.
9° 26' S., 39° 17' E.

Mbasi Creek, Rungwe, 1,570 feet 9° 36' S.,
33° 58' E.

Mbemkuru River, Masasi, Liwale, Lindi and
Kilwa, 3,000 feet to sea-level. From 10°
20' S., 37° 40' E. to 9° 30' S., 39° 40' E.

Mbeya, Mbeya, 5,500 feet. 8° 54' S., 33°
26' E.

Mbeya Mt., Mbeya, 4,000 to 8,200 feet.
8° 50' S., 33° 25' E.

Mbezuma, Mbeya, 5,200 feet. 9° 23' S.,
32° 52' E.

Mbigiri, Masai, 4,400 feet. 5° 18' S.,

36° 40' E.

Mboma Hill, See Mwanza.

Mbono, Singida, 4,900 feet. 4° 45 ' S . , 34° 45 ' E.

Mbozi, Mbeya, 5,200 feet. 9° 2' S., 33° 0' E.

Mbulu, Mbulu, 5,800 feet. 3° 51' S.,

35° 32' E.

Mbulu’s. See Msogaa.

Mbuni, Rufiji, 100 feet. 7° 56' S., 39°
13' E.

Mbweni, Kilosa, 1,500 feet. 6° 52' S., 36°
58' E.

Mdando, Njombe, 6,000 to 7,000 feet.

9° 47' S., 34° 50' E.

Mdjengo’s. See Misinko.

Meatu, Maswa, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, 3°
30' S.,34° 25' E.

Mekunde, Tanga, 400 feet. 4° 48' S.,
39° 2' E,

Mcru Mt., Arusha, 5,000 to 14,900 feet.
3° 15' S., 36° 45' E.

Meserani Dam, Masai, 3,900 feet. 3° 31' S.,
36° 26' E.

Meswa, Mwanza, 3,730 feet. 2° 50' S.,
32° 57' E.

i\lfi, Ufipa, 5,800 feet. 9° 54' S., 31° 42' E.

Mfrika, Iringa, 3,000 to 5,000 feet. 9° 16' S.,
35°18'E.

Mgandu, Manyoni, 5,000 feet. 6° 0' S.,
34° 5' E.

Mgera, Handeni, 3,500 feet. 5° 26' S.,
37° 32' E.

Mgeta, Morogoro, 3,800 feet. 7° 3' S.,
37° 35' E.

Mgunda Mgali. See Itigi Tliicket.

Mhonda, Nguru Mts., Morogoro, 1,804 feet.
6° 8'S., 37° 35' E.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, F.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

365

Migcregcre, Kilwfij 200 feet. 8° 49' S.,
39° 13' E.

Mihama, Shinyanga, 3,500 feet. 3° 56' S.,
33° 58' E.

Mikindanij Mikindani, sea-level. 10° 17' S.,
40° 8' E.

Mikwesi, Manyoni, 4,300 feet.. 5° 37' S.,
34° 50' E.

Milo, Njombe, 4,000 feet. 9° 53' S., 34°
38' E.

Minziro Forest, Bukoba, 3,900 feet. 1° 3' S.,
31° 32' E.

Misalai, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 3,000 feet.
4° 54' S., 38 °27' E.

Misenyi, Bukoba, 3,500 to 4,500 feet. 1° 5' S.,
31° 15' E.

Misinlco, Singida, 4,900 feet. 4°45' S., 34°
40' E.

Mitonono, Lindi, 700 feet. 9° 52' S.,

38° 53' E.

Mitwero, Lindi, 50 feet. 9° 50' S., 39°
44' E.

Miyombo, Kilosa, 1,800 feet. 6° 55' S., 36°
58' E.

Mizizikaunga, Chunya, 2,620 feet. 8° 22' S.,
32° 52' E.

Mkalama, Singida, 3,660 feet. 4° 10' S.,
34° 40' E.

Mkalinzi, Buha, 5,600 feet. 4° 36' S.,

29° 43' E.

Mkangazi. See See Lukangazi.

Mkarazi, Uluguru Mts., Morogoro, 1,000 to
2,000 feet. 6° 57' S., 37° 46' E.

Mkata, Handeni, 900 feet. 5° 46' S.,

38° 18' E.

Mkata River, Kilosa and Alorogoro, 3,000
to 1,500 feet. From 7° 20' S., 37°
0' E., to 6° 40' S., 37° 20' E.

Mkigwa. See Kigwa.

Mkindo River, Morogoro, 1,650 feet. 6°
45' S., 37° 40' E.

Mkokono, Kiiwa, 1,000 feet. 9° 15' S.,
38° 35' E.

Mkomazi, Lushoto, 1,500 feet. 4° 38' S.,
38° 4' E.

Mkulumuzi Caves, Tanga, 100 feet. 5° 5' S.,
39° 3' E.

Alkulumuzi River, Tanga, 2,500 feet to sea-
level. From 5° 7' S., 38° 44' E. to 5°
5' S., 39° 5' E.

Mkwihi Forest, Liwale, 1,800 to 2,500 feet.
9° 5' S., 38° 5' E.

Mlali, Mpwapwa, 4,000 to 4,400 feet. 6°
17' S., 36° 45' E.

Mlando. See Mdando.

Mlewa’s. See Ruruma.

Mlowa River, Mbeya, 6,600 to 3.200 feet.
From 9° 15' to 8° 45' S., 33° 5' E.

Mnenya, Kondoa, 4,000 feet. 4° 42' S.,
35° 52' E.

Mcembe. See Mwembe.

Mohoro, Rufiji, 200 feet. 8° 8' S., 39° 10' E.

Momba (lower Saisi) River, Ufipa and Mbeya,
3,800 to 2,602 feet. From 8° 43' S., 32°
23' E. to 8° 10' S., 32° 28' E.

Mombo, Lushoto, 1,355 feet. 4° 53' S.,
38° 17' E.

Momela Lake, Arusha, 5,000 feet. 3° 13' S.,
36° 52' B.

Monda, See Mhonda.

Mondo, Kwimba, 3,900 feet. 2° 51' S.,
33° 15' E.

Monga, Usambara Mts., Tanga, 3,400 feet.
5° 5' S., 38° 37'E.

Morogoro, Morogoro, 1,700 feet. 6° 48' S.,
37° 40' E.

Mom, Maswa, 5,200 feet. 2° 40' S., 34°
50' E.

Moyov/osi Mbuga, Buha and Kahama,
3,400 to 4,000 feet. 3° 25' to 4° 40' S.,
31° 20' E.

Mpanga, Rufiji, 450 feet. 7° 48' S., 38°
2' E.

Mpanira, Mpwapwa, 4,000 feet. 6° 48' S.,
36° 26' E.

Mpimbwe, Mpanda, 2,800 to 4,000 feet.
7° 15' S., 31° 20' E.

Mpitimbi, Songea, 3,500 feet. 10° 49' S.,
35° 32' B.

Mpombolo River, Ufipa, 4,900 feet. 7°
23' S.,31° 10' E.

Mpui, Ufipa, 5,700 feet. 8° 22' S., 31°
50' E.

Mpwapwa, Mpwapwa, 3,315 feet. 6° 22' S.,
36° 30' E.

Mrijo, Kondoa, 5,100 feet. 5° 9' S., 36°
17' E,

Msangawale’s, Mbeya, 3,800 feet. 8° 43' S.,
32° 46' E.

Msangwa, Njombe. Not located.

Msima River, Mpanda, 5,000 to 3,400 feet.,
From 6° 45' S., 31° 45' E. to 5° 48' S.
31° 25' E.

Msimba. See Masimba.

Msingi, Singida, 4,200 feet. 4° 19' S.,
34° 34' E.

Msogaa, Singida, 3,900 feet, 5° 4' S.,
35° 4' E,

Msomvia. See Usevia.

Mswaki, Handeni 2,700 feet. 5° 28' S.,
37° 46' E.

Mtagata, Bukoba, 4,900 feet. 1° 14' S.,
30° 51' E.

Mtali’s. See Nshinshi.

Mtambo River, Mpanda, 5,000 to 3,400 feet
From 6° 25' E., 31° 30' S. to 5° 45' S.‘
31° 5' E’

Mtapaya, Lindi, 600 feet. 9° 39' S., 39°
18' E.

Mtisi River, Mpanda, 4,000 to 3,400 feet.
6° 35' S., 31° 10' E.

Mtoni, Mtoni-Fahre. See Kingoni Ferry.

Mto wa Mbu, Masai, 3,300 feet. 3° 22' S.,
35° 50' E.

Mtumba, Ufipa, 6,000 feet. Not located.

Mtyangimbori, Songea, 3,000 feet. 10°
17' S., 35° 30' E.

Muale R. = Mhwala R. See Nyahua River.

Mufindi, Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, 6,300 feet.
8° 36' S., 35° 13' E.

Mugombia. Not located.

Muhalala, Manyoni, 3,500 feet. 5° 48' S.,
34° 52' E.

Mukalizi, Mbeya, 5,200 feet. 9° 3' S.,
32° 3' E.

Mungaa, Singida, 5,200 feet. 4° 54' S.,
34° 52' E. ■ •

366

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. SS

Murcmbv/i R., Liwalc, 2,500 to 1,500 feet.
From 9° 55' S., 37° 35' E. to 9° 12' S.,
37° 50' E.

Musoma, Musoma, 3,730 feet. 1° 30' S.,
33° 47' E.

Mutjek, Mbulu, 4,450 to 6,500 feet. 3° 25' S„
35° 40' E.

Muyuni, Zanzibar Island, sea-level. 6° 22' S.,
39° 27' E.

Mwagala, Maswa, 4,000 feet. 3° 20' S.,
33° 55' E.

Mwakete, Livingstone Mts., Njombe, 6,730
feet. 9° 21' S., 34° 15' E.

Mwamalasa, Shinyanga, 3,500 feet. 3° 54' S.,
34° 17' E.

Mwambasha, Shinyanga, 4,000 feet. 3°
33' S., 33° 10' E.

Mwanasomano’s «=■ Lusomano’s. See Maweie.

Mwantini Hills, Shinyanga, 3,800 to 4,300 feet.
3° 38' S., 33° 20' E.

Mwanza, Mwanza, 3,720 feet. 2° 31' S.,
32° 54' E.

Mwarawira’s, Rungwe, Not located.

Mwaya, Rungwe, 1,570 feet. 9° 34' S.,
33° 57' E.

Mwembe, Pare, 3,300 feet. 4° 10' S.,
37° 50' B.

Mwimbi, Ufipa, 5,800 feet. 8° 43' S.,
31° 38' E.

Mzukune River, Pare, 2,800 feet. 3° 59' S.,
37° 48' E.

Naabi Hill, Masai, 5,500 feet. 2° 48'- S..
35° 2' E.

Nabercra, Masai, 4,820 feet. 4° 13' S.,
36° 55' E.

Nachisenga Mbuga, Mbeya, 4,800 feet. 9°
6' S., 32° 14' E.

Nahungo, Kilwa, 600 feet. 9° 46' S., 38°58'E.

Nai. See Nayu.

Nakachese, Mbeya, 2,620 feet. 8° 25' S.,
32° 37' E.

Namanyere, Ufipa, 5,000 feet. 7° 32' S.,
31° 3' E.

Nandanga Hill, Liwale, 1,000 feet. 9° 58' S.,
38° 29' E,

Nanga, Nzega, 4,000 feet. 4° 17' S., 33°
35' E.

Nangue, Liwale, 1,000 feet. 8° 30' S., 38°
20' E.

Nanyamba, Mikindani, 850 feet. 10° 42' S.,
39° 51' E.

Nasa, Mwanza, 3900 feet. 2° 24' S., 33°
33' E.

Nata, Musoma, 4,000 feet. 2° 1' S., 34°
24' E.

Natron Lake, Masai, 2,001 feet. 2° 15' S.,
36° 0' E.

Nayu, Dodoma, 4,900 feet. 5° 48' S.,
36° 5' E.

Nchingidi, Lindi, 2,000 feet. 10° 0' S.,
39° 13' E.

Ndaburo, Manyom, 3,900 feel. 6° 13' S.,
34° 49' E.

Ndala, Nzega, 4,100 feet. 4° 46' S., 33° 16' E.

Ndalambo, Mbeya, 5,000 feet. 9° 2' S.,
32° 28' E.

Ndandya, Kondoa, 5,000 to 6,000 feet. 4° 43'S
36° 19' E-

Ndareda, Mbulu, 5,200 feet. 4° 13' S.,
35° 33' E.

Ndarema, Usambara Mts., Tanga, 1,500 to

3.500 feet. 5° 3' S., 38° 38' E.

Ndilangilo. See Dilangilo.

Ndogowe, Singida. 4,500 feet. 5° 28' S.,
34° 42' E.

Nduguyu River, Maswa, 5,000 to 3,400 feet.
3° 55' S., 34° 30' E.

Ndundu, Rufiji, 300 feet. 7° 55' S., 38° 55' E.
Ngarambi River, Liwale, 500 feet. 8°
27' S., 38° 38' E.

Ngaserai, Masai, 3,300 feet. 2° 52' S., 36°
52' E.

Ngaya, Kahama, 4,000 feet. 3° 37' S.,
32° 38' E,

Ngayaki, Masai, ca 4,900 feet. 5° 45' S.,
36° 55' E.

Ngerengere River, Morogoro and Uzaramo,

6.500 to 300 feet. From 7° 2' S., 37*
32' E. to 7° 3' S., 38° 34' E.

Ngomba Stream, Chunya, 3,800 to 2,602 feet.
8° 24' S., 32° 54' E.

Ngorongoro, Masai, 5,650 to 7,600 feet.
3° 10' S., 35° 35' E.

Ngozi Crater, Poroto Mts., Rungwe,

7,170 feet. 9° 2' S., 33° 35' E.

Ngulu, Pare, 2,900 feet. 3° 48' S., 37°
41' E.

Niamansi River, Kigoma and Mpanda, 5,000
to 3,300 feet. 5° 50' S., 31° 0' E.

Njila, Chunya, 2,620 feet. 8° 18' S.,
32° 46' E.

Njoge (Ijogi, Lenjogi), Masai and Mpwapwa,
5,000 feet. 5° 56' S., 36° 41' E.

Njombe, Njombe, 6,000 feet. 9° 20' S.,
34° 46' E.

Nkuka Forest, Rungwe Mt., Rungwe, 5,460
feet. 9° 8' S., 33° 38' E.

Nondwa, Dodoma, 2,500 to 3,000 feet. 6“
25' S., 35° 20' E.

Nou Forest, Mbulu, 7,200 to 7,900 feet.
4° 5' S., 35° 30' E.

Nshinshi, Singida, 4,200 feet. 4° 22' S.,
34° 36' E.

Ntainene, Mbeya, 5,000 feet. 9° 16' S.,
32° 46' E.

Ntakasangwa, Ufipa, 2,620 feet. 7° 48' S.,
31° 52' E.

Ntumba, Ufipa, 2,900 feet. 8° 22' S.,
32° 7' E.

Ntumbi, Chunya, 4,300 feet. 8° 23' S.,
33° 20' E.

Ntungi, Chunya, 2,620 feet. 8° 30' S.,
32° 48' E.

Nunghu, Maswa, 4,400 feet. 3° 8' S., 33*
47' E.

Nyahonga River, Chunya, 5,200 to 4,300 feet.
8° 18' S., 33° 30' E.

Nyahua River, Tabora, 4,100 to 3,800 feet.
From 5° 52' S., 33° 21' E. to 4° 57' S.,
33° 55' E.

Nyakahanga, Bukoba. 5,000 feet. 1° 37' S.,
31° 8' E.

Nyakakiri, Biharamulo, 4,800 feet. 2° 17' S.,
31° 27' E.

Nyama River, Njombe and Ulanga, 4,500 to
900 feet. 9° 12' S., 35° 30' E.

Jan. 1951

G. H. Sv,TNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

367

Nyambiti, Kwimba, 4jOCO feet. 2° 50' S.»
33° 25' E.

Nyamirembe, BiharamulOj 3,720 feet. 2°
32' S., 31° 47' E.

Nyamwanga, Poroto Mts., Rungw'e, 6,400 feet.

9° 4' S., 33 40' E..

Nyangesi. See Nyegezi.

Nyange, Uiugimi Mts., Morogoro, 2,000 to
4,000 feet. 6° 51' S., 37° 46' E.
Nyarambugu R., Biharamulo, 4,900 feet.
2° 43' S. 31° 20' E.

Nyaniboro Range, Maswa, 4,800 to 5,800 feet.

2° 35' S., 34° 20' to 34° 45' E.

Nyegezi, Mwanza, 3,720 feet. 2° 37' S.,
32° 52' E.

Nyingwa, U!ugtu-u Mts., Morogoro, 7,800 feet,
7° 9' S., 37° 40' E.

Nzinge, Dodoma, 3,500 feet. 6° 11' S.
35° 29' E.

Ofwana, Singida, 3,800 feet. 4° 56' S., 34° 4' E.
01 Balbal, Masai, 4,500 feet. 3° 0' S„
35° 25' E.

01 Biribiri Hill, Masai, 6,500 feet. 1° 52' S.,
35° 15' E.

Oldeani Mt., Masai and Mbulu, 4,000 to
10,400 feet. 3° 17' S., 35° 26' E.

Old Mbulu Reserve. See Kainam.

Old Moshi, south slopes of Kilimanjaro,
Moshi, 4,000 feet. 3° 18' S., 37° 25' E.
01 Doinyo Lengai, Masai, 3,000 to 9,443 feet.
2° 46' S., 35° 55' E.

Old Shinyanga, Shinyanga, 3,900 feet. 3°
33' S., 33° 25' E.

Olduwai, Masai, 5,000 feet. 3° 0' S., 35°
20' E.

Orangi River, Musoma, 4,500 to 3,900 feet.

2° 15' S., 34° 50' E.

Ormassc River, Musoma, 5,300 to 4,700 feet.
1° 37' S., 34° 55' E.

Otto Estate, Kilosa, 1,800 feet. 6° 53' S.,
36° 57' E.

Pagwi, Masai, cu 4,800 feet. 5°40'S.,37°0' E.
Pangani, Pangani, sea-level. 5° 26' S.,
38° 58' E.

Pangani Forest, Zanzibar Island, below 100
feet. 6° 20' S., 39° 30' E.

Pangani River. See Ruvu River.

Pare Mts., Pare 2,500 to 8,000 feet. 3° 30'
to 4° 35' S., 37° 50' E.

Patamera, Chunya, 4,000 feet. 8° 21' S.,
33° 3' E.

Pawaga, Iringa, 2,500 to 3,000 feet. 7° 15' S.,
35° 30' E.

Pemba Island, Indian Ocean, below 300 feet.

4° 50' to 5° 30' S., 39° 45' E.

Peramiho, Songea, 3,700 feet. 10° 38' S.
35° 27' E.

Perani, Tanga, 400 feet. 4° 36' S., 39° 2' E.
Peters’s Hut, Kilimanjaro, Moshi, 11,600 feet.

3° 12' S., 37° 25' E.

PhiUipshof. See Magamba,

Pongwe, Bagamoyo, 1,200 feet. 6° 22' S.,
38° 15' E.

Poroto Mts., Mbeya and Rungwe, 4,000 to
8,600 feet. 9° 0' S., 33° 25' to 34° 5' E.
Puma, Singida, 5,100 feet. 4° 59' S., 34°
44' E,

Pwaga, Mpwapwa, 3,000 feet. 6° 41' S.,
36° 38' E.

Rombashi River. See Mbasi Creek.

Rombo, south east slopes of Kilimanjaro,
3,500 to 6,000 feet. 3° 14' S., 37° 38' E.

Rovuma River, Songea, Tunduru, Masasi,
Newala and Mikindanl, 5,000 feet to sea-
level. From 10° 45' S., 33° 40' E, to 10°
29' S., 40° 27' E.

Ruaha River, Mbeya, Iringa and Ulanga,
9,700 to 400 feet. From 9° 10' S., 34° 5'
E. to 7° 56' S., 37° 52' E.

Ruandalo, Karagwe, Bukoba. Not located.

Ruchugi Post. See Uvinza.

Ruchugi River, Buha and Kigoma, 4,100 to
3,200 feet. 4° 23' to 4° 55° S., 30° 20' E.

Rudevva, Kilosa, 1,800 feet. 6° 42' S., 37°
7'E.

Rufiji River, Litvale, Ulanga and Rufiji, 650
feet CO sea-level. From 8° 3T S., 37° 22' E.
to 8° 0' S., 39° 25' E.

Ruhu River, Liwale, 2,500 to 1,000 feet.
From 10° 10' S., 37° 35' E. to 10° 18' S.,
38° 7' E.

Ruhuvu River. See Ruhu River.

Ruiga R., Biharamulo and Bukoba, 4,800
to 3,717 feet. 2° 20' S., 31° 35' E.

Ruira. See Luhira,

Rukwa Lake, Chunya, Mbeya and Ufipa,
2,602 feet. 7° 35' to 8° 32' S„ 31° 48' to
32°52'E.

Rumuli, Iringa, 6,000 feet. 8° 7' S., 35° 25' E.

Rungwa, Manyoni, 4,000 feet. 6° 57' S., 33°
32' E.

Rungv/e Mt., Rungwe, 4,500 to 9,700 feet.
9° 8' S., 33° 40' E.

Ruo, Lindi, 400 feet. 10° 13' S., 39° 36' E.

Ruruma, Singida, 4,500 feet. 4° 25' S., 34°
32' E.

Rusubi, Biharamulo, 4,800 feet. 2° 40' S.’
31° 20' E.

Rutengani, Rungwe, 4,000 feet. 9° 19' S.,
33° 37' E.

Ruvu (Pangani) River, Pare, Masai, Lushoto
and Pangani 2,298 feet to sea-level. From
3° 35' S., 37° 45' E. to 5° 26' S., 38 58' E.

Ruwana Plains, Musoma, 3,720 to 4,400 feet.
2° 8' S., 34° 0' E.

Sadani, Bagamoyo, sea-level. 6°3' S., 38° 43' E '

Sadiman HiD, Masai, 9,500 feet. 3° 10' S.*
35° 28' E.

Sagala, Mpwapwa, 4,300 feet. 6° 14' S., 36°
32' E.

Sagayo. See Zagayu.

Saisi River, Ufipa, 6,000 to 3,800 feet. From
9° 10' S., 31° 35' E. to 8° 43' S., 32° 23' E.

Sala, Mpanda, 3,000 feet. 7° 33'S ., 31° 58' E.

Sambaia, Kondoa, 4,700 feet. 4° 48' S.,
35° 35' E.

Same, Pare, 2,800 feet. 4° 4' S., 37° 43' E.

Samuye, Shinyanga, 3,800 feet. 3° 48' S.,
33° 20' E.

Sandawe, Kondoa, 2,800 to 4,800 feet. 5° 15'
S., 35° 20' E.

Sanga, Maswa, 4,100 feet. 3° 23' S., 34° 12' E.

Sanjan Plains, Masai, 3,800 feet. 2° 35' S.,
35° 40' E-

368

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL, XX

Sanje, Ulanga, 1,000 feet. T 45' S., 36“ 57' E.
Sanya Plains, Masai, 2,800 to 3,500 feet.
3“ 25' S., 37° 5' E.

Saranda, Manyoni, 3,500 feel. 5° 43' S.,
34° 59' E.

Scholler’s Farm. See Upale Plantation.
Sekenke, Singida, 3,900 feet. 4° 15' S.,
34° 11' E.

Selous’s Game Reserve, Liwale and Rufiji,
600 to 2,500 feet. 7° 40' to 10° 20' S.,
37° to 38° 20' E.

Sere Mbuga, Handeni-Masai border, 3,900
feet. 5° 23' S., 37° 27' E.

Serengeti Plains, Masai and Musoma, 4,000
to 6,000 feet. 2° 25' to 3° 5' S., 34° 40'
to 35°20'E.

Seronera River, Musoma, 5,000 to 4,400 feet.
2° 25' S., 34° 50' E.

Serya Lake, Kondoa, 4,100 feet. 4° 56' S.,
35° 41' E.

Shambarai, Masai, 3,000 feet. 3° 43' S.,
36° 52' E.

Shanwa, Maswa, 4,400 feet. 3° 10' S., 33°
46' E.

Shimililo, Tunduru, 1,500 feet. 11° 25' S.,
37° 15' E.

Shinyanga. See Old Shinyanga.

Shoga, Chunya, 4,800 feet. 8° 26' S.,
33° 39' E.

Shonu, Maswa, 4,200 feet. 3° 15' S.,
34° 20' E.

Shume Forest, Usambara Mts., Lushoto,
5,500 to 7,570 feet. 4° 40' S., 38° 15' E.
Sibiti River, Maswa and Singida, 3,600 to
3,380 feet. 3° 55' S., 34° 35' E.

Siga Caves. See Mkulumuzi Caves.

Sigi River, Tanga, 3,300 feet to sea-level.

From 5° 4' S., 38° 35' B. to 5° 3' S., 39° 4' E.
Sigilari. See Kingori Juu.

Simbamweni. See Kingolwira.

Simbini, Uluguru Mts., Morogoro, 2,000 to

3.000 feet. 7° 1' S., 37° 40' E.

Simbo, Nzega, 3,900 feet. 4° 40' S., 33° 27' E.
Simbo River, Mpwapwa. See Matomondo
River.

Simiyu River, Maswa, 5,600 to 3,717 feet.
From 3° 10' S., 34° 55' E. to 2° 33' S.,
33° 26' E.

Sindi (lower Ugala) River, Kigoma, 3,250 to
3,100 feet. From 5° 45' S., 31° 11' E.
to 5° 8' S., 30° 41' E.

Singida, Singida, 5,070 feet. 4°49' S.,34°44' E.
Sinya, Masai, 3,850 feet. 2° 45' S., 37° 1' E.
Sira River, Chunya, 8,000 to 2,700 feet.
From 8° 50' S., 33° 33' E. to 8° 30' S., 33°

Somagedi, Shinyanga, 3,600 feet. 3° 51' S.,
34° 12' E.

Songea, Songea, 3,840 feet. 10° 42' S., 35° 38'

E.

Songwe River (Nyasa), Mbeya and Rungwe,
6,700 to 1,568 feet. From 9° 7' S., 33° 12' E.
to 9° 43' S., 33° 57' E.

Songwe River (Rukwa), Mbeya and Chunya,

7.000 to 2,602 feet. From 9° 10' S.,
33° 27' E. to 8° 27' S., 32° 53' E.

Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, Musoma, Mwanza
and Kwiraba, 3,717 feet, 2° 20' S., 33° 30' E-

Sumbawanga, Ufipa, 5,800 feet. 7° 57' S.,
31°36'E.

Suna, Singida, 4,500 feet. 5° 23' S., 34° 46' E.

Sunga, Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 5,800 feet.
4° 32' S., 38° 14' E.

Sungwizi, Nzega, 4,100 feet. 4° 30' S., 33°
30' E.

Tabora, Tabora, 4,000 feet. 5° 2' S., 32°
48' E.

Tandala, Livingstone Mts., Njombe, 5,000
feet. 9° 23' S., 34° 14' E.

Tanga, Tanga, sea-level. 5° 4' S., 39° 6' E.

Tarangire, Mbulu, 3,700 feet. 3° 50' S.,
36° 0' E.

Tashmata Bridge, Ruaha River, Iringa.
Not located.

Tawa, Morogoro, 1,000 feet. 7° 0' S., 37°
48' E.

Tendaguru, Liadi, 1,100 feet. 9° 40' S.,
39° 20' E.

Tendigo,Kilosa, 1,410 feet. 6° 55' S., 37° 20' E.

Tinde, Shinyanga, 4,000 feet. 3® 52' S.,
33°12'E.

Tisso, Tisso kwa Meda. See Itiso.

Tubugwe, Mpwapwa, 3,900 feet. 6° 2T S.,
36° 37' E.

Tuku)m, Rung\ve, 5,000 feet. 9° 16' S., 33°
38' E.

Tumbatu Islet, near Zanzibar Island, below
100 feet. 5° 48' S., 39° 12' E.

Tunduma, Mbeya, 5,400 feet. 9° 18' S., 32°
46' E.

Tununguo, Morogoro, 500 feet. 7° 2' S.,
37° 59' E.

Ubende, Mpanda, 2,540 to 8,200 feet. 6° to
6° 50' S., 30° to 31' E.

Udoe, Bagamoyo, 500 to 1,000 feet. 6° 20' S.,
38° 35' E.

Ufiome Mt., Mbulu, 5,000 to 7,900 feet.
4° 14' S., 35° 48' E.

Ugala River, Tabora, Mpanda, and Kigoma,
3,600 to 3,300 feet. From 6° 1 2' S., 32° 20' E.
to 5° 35' S., 31° 10' E.

Ugogo, Manyoni, Dodoma and Mpwapwa,
2,500 to 6,400 feet. 5° 30' to 7° S., 34° 40'
to 36° 30' E.

Ugunda, Tabora, 3,450 to 4,100 feet. 5°
35' to 6° 10' S., 32° 5' to 32° 45' E.

Uhehe, Iringa, 2,500 to 6,500 feet. 7° 5' to
9° S., 35° to 36° E,

Ujiji, Kigoma, 2,540 feet. 4° 55' S., 29° 40' E.

Ukami, Morogoro, 250 to 2,000 feet. 6° 30',
to 7° 20' S., 37° 50' to 38° 30' E.

Ukara Island, Lake Victoria, Mwanza, 3,750
feet. 1° 51' S., 33° 3' E.

Ukerewe Island, Lake Victoria, Mwanza,
3,717 to 4,213 feet. 2° S., 33° E.

Ukia, Ufipa, 2,620 feet. 7° 45' S., 31° 50' E.

Ukine. See Bukine.

Ukune, Kahama, 3,800 to 4,400 feet.
3° 55' S., 32° 20' E.

Ukutu, Morogoro, 400 to 1,500 feet.
7° 15' to 7° 50' S., 37° 20' to 38° 25' E.

Ukwere, Bagamoyo, 400 to 1,100 feet. 6°
34' S., 38° 20' E.

Ulanga Valley, Ulanga, 650 to 1,000 feet
From 9° S„ 36° E. to 8° 31' S., 37° 22' E.

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

369

Ulaya, Kilosa, 1,900 feet. T 5' S., 36° 55' E.

Ulete, Iringa, 5,800 feet. 8° T S., 35° 26' E.

Uliambiri Island. See Bumbiri Island.

Uliampiti, Singida, 4,500 feet. 5° 12' S.,
34° 47' E.

Uluguru Mts., Morogoro, 2,000 to 8,697 feet.
6° 49' to 7° 16' S., 37° 40' E.

Umba River, Lushoto and Tanga, 7,000 feet,
to sea-level. From 4° 32' S., 38° 16' E.
to 4° 39' S., 39° 13' E.

Umba Steppe, Lushoto, 500 to 1,500 feet.
4° 15' to 4° 45' S., 38° 20' to 39° E.

Umbugtve, Mbulu, 3,150 to 3,800 feet. 3° 45'
to 4° S., 35° 40' to 35° 50' E.

Unyamwezi, Tabora and Nzega, 3,250 to

5,000 feet. 4° to 6° 20' S., 32° to 33° 40' E.

Unyang’anyi, Singida, 4,000 to 5,000 feet.
4° 50' S., 35° E.

Upale Plantation, Tanga, 600 feet. 5° 6' S.,
38° 51' E.

Upangwa, Njombe, 1,570 to 8,200 feet. 9°
40' to 10° 20' S., 34° 20' to 35° 20' E.

Urowi, Mbeya, 4,000 feet. 8° 5' S., 34° 10' E.

Urugu, Singida, 3,800 feet. 4° 38' S„ 34° 12' E.

Usa, Arusha, 3,500 feet. 3° 22' S., 36° 53' E.

Usagara, Kilosa, 1,500 to 7,000 feet. 6° 40'
to 8° S., 36° to 37° 20' E.

Usambara Mts., Lushoto, 2,000 to 7,500 feet,
4° 24' to 5° 16' S., 38° 10' to 38° 48' E.

Usambiro, Mwanza, 4,000 feet. 3° 0' S., 32°
34' E.

Usandawi. See Sandawe.

Usangirc North, Songea, 3,248 feet. 10°
2' S., 35° 23' E.

Usegua. SeeUzigua.

Used, east slopes of Kilimanjaro, Moshi, 3,000
to 7,000 feet. 3° 6' S., 37° 37' E.

Usevia, Mpanda, 3,100 feet. 7° 6'S, 31°14' E.

Ushirombo, Kahama, 3,900 feet. 3° 29' S.,
31° 58' E.

Ushora, Singida, 4,000 feet. 4° 40' S.,
34° 16' E.

Usongo, Nzega, 4,100 feet. 4° 10' S.,
35° 25' E.

Usuhilo, Manyoni, 4,900 feet. 6° 24' S.,
33° 55' E.

Usure, Singida, 4,300 feet. 4° 40' S., 34° 23' E.

Utengule, Ulanga, 1,000 feet. 8° 43' S.,
35° 46' E.

Utete, Rufiji, 400 feet. 8° 1' S., 38° 45' E.

Uvinza, Kigoma, 3,200 feet. 5° 7' S.,
30° 22' E.

Uyui, Tabora, 4,000 feet. 4° 54' S., 32° 50' E.

Uzaramo, Uzaramo, 1,100 feet to sea-level.

6° 30' to 7° 30' S., 38° 0' to 39° 40' E.
Uzigua, Handeni and Pangani, sea-level to

3.000 feet. 5° 10' to 5° 40' S., 37° 40' to
38° 50' E.

Uzungwa Mts., Iringa, 5,000 to 7,000 feet.
7° 45' to 8° 35' S., 35° 45' to 36° 12' E.

Vihingo, Uzaramo, 450 feet. 6° 45' S., 38°
47' E.

Vikindu, Uzaramo, 360 feet. 6° 58' S., 39° 17'

E.

Vitongoji, Pemba Island, sea-level. 5° 13' S.,
39° 49' E.

Vituri, Uluguru Mts, Morogoro, 2,000 to
6,500 feet. 6° 51' S., 37° 44' E.

Wahumba, Manyoni, 3,000 feet. 5° 55' S.,
35° 5' E.

Wala River, Tabora, 4,100 to 3,450 feet.

From 5° 0' S., 33° 15' E. to 5° 47' S.,32° 3' E.
Wami River, Kilosa, Morogoro and Bagamoyo,

6.000 feet to sea-level. From 6° 30' S.,
36° 55' E. to 6° 5' S., 38° 46' E.

Wandawewe Hills, Ulanga, 2,000 to 3,000 feet.
9° 20' S., 36° 35' E.

Wasi, Kondoa, 4,500 to 5,900 feet. 4° 26' to
4° 44' S., 35° 42' to 36° 0' E.

Wembere Plain, Nzega, Singida and Shinya=
nga, 3,380 to 4,000 feet. 3° 45' to 5° 10' S.,
33° 40' to 34° 45' E.

Weruweru River, south slopes of KiUmanjaro,
Moshi, 16,000 to 2,500 feet. From 3° 8' S.,
37° 17' E. to 3° 25' S., 38° 17' E.

Weti, Pemba Island, sea-level. 5® 4' S., 39®
43' E.

Wilhemstal. See Lushoto.

Wualaba River. See Ugala River.

Yaida Depression, Mbulu, 4,265 feet. 3° 55' S.,
35° 5' E.

Zagayu, Masw'a, 4,400 feet.

2° 57' S., 33° 46'

Zanzibar Island, below 300 feet. 5° 43' to
6° 28' S., 39° 11' to 39°41'E.

Zimba, Ufipa, 3,200 feet. 7° 52' S., 31° 48' E.
Zinga, KUwa,900 feet. 9° 11' S., 38° 43' E,
Zoisa, Mpwapwa, 4,700 feet. 5° 45' S., 36°
32' E.

Zombe, Rufiji, 400 feet. 7° 49' S., 38° 18' E.
Zongve Hill, Chunya, 4,500 to 5,096 feet.
S°27'S., 33° 28' E.

370

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

6. INDEX

AardvarkSj 336
Aardwolf, 332
abbotti, Lepus capensis, 303
Abbott’s Cape Hare, 303
Duiker, 345

abyssinicus, Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 312
acerztos, Oreotragus, 352

Oreotragur oreotragus, 352
Acinonychinae, 335
Acinonyx, 335

guttatus ngorongorensis, 336
jubatus, 335

jubatus ngorongorensis, 335
jubatus raincyi, 335, 336
jubatus velox, 335, 336
Venator, 335
Acomys, 319

albigena, 319
nubilus, 319
selousi, 319
wilsoni wilsoni, 319
Adenota, 343, 347

kob thomasi, 347
vardonii senganus, 348
adersi, Cephalophus, 345

Panthera pardus, 335
Rhynchocyon, 283
Rhynchocyon petersi, 283
adolfi-friderici. Cobus, 347

Kobus defassa, 347
adolfi-friederici, Colobus, 301

Colobus angolensis, 301
aegyptiacus, Nyctinomus, 295
Pteropus, 286
aegyptius, Gerbillus, 323
aeliani, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, 340
Aeliani, Phascochaeres, 340
Aepyceros, 354

melampus johnstoni, 354
melampus suara, 354
aequatoria, Pachyura lixa, 286
aequatorialis, Cephalolophus, 346
Guevei caerulus, 346
aequatorius, Suncus lixus, 286
aeta, Epimys, 316
aethiopicus, Aper, 340
Sus, 340

Aethiops group, 299
Aethomys, 314

chrysophilus singidae, 314
kaiseri hindei, 314
kaiseri manteufeli, 314
v^alambae pedester, 314
Aethosciurus, 307

byatti laeius, 309
afer, Lasiomys, 318

Orycteropus, 336
Triaenops, 292
afra, Coleura, 288

Emballonuia, 288
Myrmecophaga, 336
Africae australis, Hystrix, 305
africaeaustralis, Hystrix africaeaustralis, 305
A '■"■ican Black Rhinoceroses, 339
Buffaloes, 344
Bush Squirrels, 307
Civets, 328

Clawless Otters, 327
Dormice, 310
Elephants, 337
Ground Squirrels, 309
Hedgehogs, 280
Meadow Rats, 316
Pahn Civets, 328
Polecats, 325
Striped Weasels, 326
Tree Mice, 320
Tree Squirrels, 306
Wild Dogs, 325
africana, Kerivoula, 295

Loxodonta africana, 337
africanus, Choiropotamus, 340
Elephas, 337
Pan, 302

agisymbanus. Galago crassicsudatus, 297
Otolemur, 297

albescens, Ictonyx capensis, 325
Ictonyx striatus, 325
albicauda, Crocidura, 286
albicaudatus, Otomys, 322
albicaudus, Herpestes, 331
albifrons, Georychus, 304

Heliophobius argenteocinereus, 3C4
albigena, Acomys, 319
albinucha, Zorilla, 326
albipes. Galago braccatus, 298

Galago senegalensis, 298
Mystromys, 322

albiventer, Nycticeius schlieffenii, 294
Scoteinus schlieffeni, 294
albiventris, Erinaceus, 280
albogularis, Cercopithecus mitis, 300
Semnopithecus, 300
albojubatus, Connochaetes taurinus, 351
Gorgon taurinus, 351
Alcelaphini, 350
Alcelaphus, 350

buselaphus cokii, 350
buselaphus jacksoni, 350
cokii, 350
lichtensteinii, 350
Alexandrine Black Rat, 315
alexandrinus, Mus, 315

Rattus rattus, 315
Allomops, 296
Alobus, 293

ambigua, Hystrix galeata, 306
Ammelaphus imberbis australis, 342
amphibius. Hippopotamus amphibius, 341
anchietae, Euryotis, 321
Anchotomys, 321
Angola Fi e >tailed Bat, 296
Angolensis, Cynonycteris,
angolensis, Rousettus, 287
Tadarida, 296
Angoni Rock-rabbit, 338
Ankole Blue Monkey, 300

Bohor Reedbuck, 348
Mole-rat, 322
Olive Baboon, 299
Snake Muishond, 326
Topi, 350
Wild Cat, 334

ankoliae, Tachyoryctes, 322
annulatus, Sciurus, 306
Anomaluridae, 309

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Chscklist of Land Mjmmzls

371

Anomaluroidea, 309
Anomalurus, 309

cinereus, 309
fraseri, 309
fraseri cinereus, 309
fraseri orientalis, 309
orientalis, 309
ansorgei, Lophuromys, 318

Lophuromys sikapusi, 318, 319
Nyctinomus, 295
Tadarida, 295
Ant - bears, 336
Anthropoidea, 298
Anthropopithecus, 302
Anthropopithecus, troglodytes, 302
Antilope, 342, 354

buselaphus, 350
campestris, 353
dorcas, 354
equina, 349
gorgon, 351
hastata, 352
kob, 347
leucotis, 347
Lichtensteinii, 351
lunata, 350

maxwellii, 345
melampus, 354
melanotis, 353
mergens, 346
oreas, 343

oreotragus, 351
oryx, 343
ourebi, 352
philantomba, 345
pygarga, 350
redunca, 348
scoparia, 352
silvicultrix, 345
strepsiceros, 342
sylvatica, 342
taurina, 351
typicus, 351
Antilopinae, 351
Antilopini, 354
Anubis, 299
anubis, Papio anubis, 299
anurus, Epomophorus, 287
Aonyx, 327

capensis helios, 327
delalandi, 327
Aper aethiopicus, 340
Apes, 297, 302

aquilus, Lophuromys aquilus, 318
Mus, 318

arborea, Nandinia binotata, 328
Procavia, 337

ardens, Arvicanthis pulchellus, 313

Lemniscomys striatus, 313

arenarius, Miniopterus natalensis, 295
argentatus, Chalinolobus, 294
Galago, 297

Galago crassicaudatus, 297
Glauconycteris, 294

argenteocineieus, Heliophobius argenteocine-
reus, 304
aries, Ovis, 355
Aniodactyla, 340

aruscensis, Paraxerus ochraceus, 308

Aruscensis, Sciurus cepapi, 308
Arvicanthis, 312

abyssinicus abyssinicus, 312
abyssinicus muansae, 312
abyssinicus neumanni, 312
abyssinicus reichardi, 312
abyssinicus rubescens, 312
abyssinicus tenebrosus, 312
abyssinicus virescens, 312
barbarus convictus, 313
dorsalis maculosus, 313
dorsalis rosalia, 313
macculus, 314
niloticus, 312
pulchellus ardens, 313
Spehai, 313
Arvicola niloticus, 312
Asiatic Buffaloes, 344
Asinus, 339

asinus, Equus asinus, 339
Asses, 339
Atelerix, 280

kilimanus, 280
pruneri hinder, 280
pruneri kilimanus, 280
Atilax, 331

paludinosus mordax, 331
paludinosus rubescens, 331
atys, Simia, 298
Aulacodus gregorianus, 305
semipalmatus, 305
variegatus, 305
aurantiaca, Nycteris thebaica, 290
Petalia thebaica, 290
aureus, Canis, 324
Auropunctata, Mangusta, 329
auropunctatus, Herpestes javanicus, 329
australis, Ammelaphus imberbis, 342
Strepsiceros imberbis, 342

Baboons, 298
bactrianus, Camelus, 341
badius, Herpestes, 329
Banana Bat, 293
Banded Mongooses, 331
barbarus, Mus, 313
Barungi Four-toed Elephant Shrew, 282
Unstriped Grass Mouse, 312
Bat-eared Foxes, 325
Bathyergidae, 304
Bathyergoidea, 304
Bathyergus splendens, 322
Bats, 286

baumstarki, Erythrocebus, 301

Erythrocebus patas, 301
Bdeogale, 332

crassicauda, 332
crassicauda omnivora, 332
crassicauda puisa, 332
crassicauda tenuis, 332
puisa, 332
tenuis, 332
bea, Canis aureus, 324
Thos aureus, 324
Bechuanaland Pygmy Mouse, 318
bella, Leggada, 317
bellus, Mus bellus, 317
Bengal Leopard, 335

372

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

bicorais, Diceros bicomis, 339
Rhinoceros, 339
biedermanni, Gazclla thomsonii, 355
biedermanui, Eudorcas, 355
Big-eared Bats, 290
billingae, Taurotragus oryx, 344
binadamu, 302
binotata, Viverra, 328
Birunga Pygmy Mouse, 318
birungensis, Mus, 318
bivittata, Tadarida, 296
bivittatus, Nyctinomus, 296
Black Buffalo, 344

Mangabey, 298
Rat, 315

Rhinoceroses, 339
-and-red Elephant Shrews, 283
-and-white Colobus, 301
“faced Vervcts, 299
-snouted Thomson’s Gazelle, 355
blainvillii, Dendrohyrax, 338
Blesmols, 304
bloyeti, Crocidura, 284
Blue Forest Duikers, 345
Monkeys, 300
Wildebeests, 351
bohmi, Equus, 339

Equus burchellii, 339
Gerbillus, 324
Bohmann’s Swamp Rat, 321
booduga, Leggada, 317
borbonicus, Scotophilus, 294
Vespertilio, 294

Bos, 344

brachyceros, 344
Bubalis, 344
bubalus, 344
Gaffer, 344
nanus, 344
taurus, 344
Bovidae, 342
Bovinae, 342
Bovini, 344
braccatus. Galago, 298

Galago senegalensis, 298
brachyceros. Bos, 344
brachyotus, Sciurus, 309
brachyptera, Tadarida, 296
brachypterus, Dysopes, 296
brachyrynchus, Macroscelides,
Bradypus striatus, 325
bridgemani, Paraxerus, 308

Paraxerus palliatus, 308
Brindled Gnus, 351
Brown Bats, 294

Free-tailed Bat, 296
Rat, 315

Serotine Bat, 293
Bubalis, 350

Jacksoni, 350
Bubalis, Bos, 344
bubalis, Bubalus,

Bubalus, 344

bubalis, 344
caffer radcliffei, 344
bubalus. Bos, 344
Buffaloes, 344

Bukoba Bush Genet, 328
Green Monkey, 299
buku, 319

Bunyoro Unstriped Grass Mouse, 312
burchellii, Equus, 339
buselaphus. Antilope, 350
Bush-babies, 297
Duikers, 346
-pigs, 340
Rats, 314
Bushbucks, 342
Butterfly Bats, 294
bweha, 324

byatti, Funisciurus, 309
Paraxerus byatti, 309

caballus, Equus, 339
caerulaeus, Sorex, 286
Suncus, 286
cafer. Dipus, 310
Caffer, Bos, 344
caffer, Hipposideros caffer, 292
Mus, 316
Otocyon, 325
Rhinolophus, 292
Syncerus caffer, 344
cahirinus, Mus,
callotis. Oryx, 349
Oryx beisa, 349
Calogalc conradsi, 329
emini, 329
flaviventris, 329
grantii, 329
lademanni, 329
mossambica, 330
Camelidae, 341
Camelopardalis, Cervus, 341
Giraffa, 341

Camels, 341
Camelus, 341

bactrianus, 341
dromedarius, 341
campestris. Antilope, 353

Saccostomus, 319
Cane-rats, 305
caniceps, Rhynchogale, 332
Canidae, 324
Caninae, 324
Cams, 324

adustus notatus, 324
aureus, 324
aureus bea, 324
crocuta, 333
familiaris, 324
hyaena, 332
megalotis, 325
mesomelas mcmiilani, 324
tricolor, 325
Canoidea, 324
Cape Black Rhino, 339
Buffalo, 344
Hollow-faced Bat, 289
capensis, Cavia, 338
Elephas, 337
Graphiurus, 310
laonyx, 325
Lutra, 327
Myrmecophaga, 336

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

373

Nycterisj 289

O^cteropusj 336
Viverra, 326

Capra^ 355

gazella, 349
grimmia, 346
hircus, 355
Caprinae, 355
Caracal, 334

caracal tmbicus, 334
melanotis, 334
caracal, Felis, 334
Caracala, 334
Caracals, 334
Cardioderma, 290
Carnivora, 324
Catoblepas, 351
Cats, 333

Cattle, 344

cams, Felis, 333
caudatus, Colobus abyssinictis, 301
Colobus guereza, 301
Cavia, 338

capensis, 338
cobaya, 306
porcellus, 306
Cavies, 306
Caviidae, 306
Cavioidea, 306
Cebus polykomos, 301
centralis, Cercopithecus, 299

Cercopithecus aethiops, 299
Hipposideros caffer, 292
Hipposiderus caffer 292
Oreotragus oreotragus, 352
cepapi, Sciurus, 307
Cephalolophus aequatorialis, 346
Harveyi, 345
hecki, 345
Cephalophinae, 345
Cephalophus, 345

abyssinicus hindei, 346
abyssinicus shirensis, 346
adersi, 345
harveyi harveyi, 345
lugens, 345

melanorheus pembae, 346
aatalensis robertsi, 345
pygmaeus Sundevalli, 346
robertsi, 345
schusteri, 346
spadix, 345
Cephalotes teniotis, 295
Ceratomorpha, 339
Cercocebus, 298

albigena johnstoni, 298
fuliginosus, 298
Cercoctenus, 282

Cercopitheci, 299

Cercopithecidae, 298
Cercopithecinae, 298
Cercopithecus, 299

aethiops centralis, 299
aethiops johnstoni, 300
aethiops nesiotes, 300
albogularis kibonotensis,
centralis, 299
leucampyx doggetti, 300

mitis albogularis, 300
mitis doggetti, 300
mitis kibonotensis, 300
mitis moloneyi, 300
mitis monoldes, 300
mitis neumanni, 300
mitis stuhlmanni, 300
moloneyi, 300
monoldes, 300
neumanni, 300
nictitans schmidti, 301
pyerythrus, 300
pygerythrus johnstoni, 300
Schmidti 301
Ccrophorus, 342
cerulaeus, Sorex, 286
Cervicapra, 348

arundineum occidentalis, 348
bohor ugandae, 348
chanleri, 349
redunca Wardi, 348
Cervus Camelopardalis, 341
Chaerephon, 296

osborni, 296
pumilus naivashae, 296
Chaeropotamus, 340
Chalinolobus, 264

argentatus, 294
chanleri, Cervicapra, 349

Redunca fulvorufula, 349
Chanler’s Mountain Reedbuck, 349
Cheetahs, 335

Chequered Elephant Shrews, 283
Chimpanzees, 302
Chiroptera, 286
Chlorotalpa, 280

stuhlmanni, 280
tropicalis, 280
Choerephon, 2)6
Choeromys, 305
Choeropithecus, 299
Choiropotamus, 340

africanus, 340
pictus, 340

choroa, 349
Chrysochloridae, 280
Chrysochloris duthieae, 280
stuhlmanni, 280
chrysopygus, Rhynchocyon, 283
chui, 335

cinereus, Anomalurus, 309

Anomalurus fraseri, 309
cirnei, Rhynchocyon, 283
cisturus, Nyctinomus, 295
Tadarida, 295
Civets, 328
Civetta indica, 328
civetta, Civettictis civetta, 328
Viverra, 328
Civettictis, 328

civetta civetta, 328
civetta schwarzi, 328
Claviglis, 310

crassicaudatus, 310
soleatus collaris, 310
Climbing Rats, 316
Coastal Pygmy Mouse, 318
cobaya, Cavia, 306

374

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals VoL. xx

Cobus adolfi-fridericij 347
crawshayi, 347
senganus, 348
thomasij 347
Coke’s Hartebeest, 350
Cokii, Alceiaphus, 350
cokiij Alceiaphus buselaphus, 350
Coleura, 288

afra, 288

colias, Scotophilus nigrita, 294
Scotophilus nigritus, 294
collaris, Claviglis soleatus, 310
Graphiurus murinus, 310
Colobinae, 301
ColobuSj 301

abyssinicus caudatus, 301
abyssinicus matschiei, 301
adolfi-friederici, 301
angolensis adolfi-friederici, 301
angolensis palliatus, 301
angolensis sharpei, 301
badius gordonorum, 302
badius kirkii, 302

badius tephrosceles, 302
guereza caudatus, 301
kirki, 302

kirkii, 302

matschiei, 301
palliatus, 301
polycomos, 301
rufomitratus, 302
sharpei, 301
tephrosceles, 302
colonus, Crossarchus fasciatus, 331
Mungos mungo, 331
Mus, 316

commersoni, Hipposideros, 292
Common House Mouse, 317
Pigs, 340

comorensis, Pteropus, 287
condylurus, Nyctinomus, 256
“ Coneys,” 338

Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus, 351
taurinus johnstoni, 351
Connochaetus albojubatus henrici, 351
albojubatus lorenzi, 351
albojubatus schulzi, 351
Connochoetes hecki, 35 1
conradsi, Calogale, 329
Herpestes, 329
Hystrix galeata, 306
convictus, Arvicanthis barbarus, 313
Lemniscomys barbarus, 313
cor, Megaderma, 290
cosensi, Cricetomys, 320

Cricetomys gambianus, 320
Tatera leucogaster, 323
Taterona, 323
Cosens’s Gerbil, 323
cottoni, Ourebia, 352

Ourebia ourebi, 352
coucha, Mus, 316
Rattus, 316

crassicauda, Bdeogale, 332
crassicaudatus, Claviglis, 310

Galago crassicaudatus, 297
Lepus, 303
Pronolagus, 303
crassicaudus, Sorex 285

crawshayi. Cobus, 347

Kobus defassa, 347
Lepus, 303

Lepus capensis, 303
Cream-bellied Black Rat, 315
Creek Rats, 312
Cricetinae, 322
Cricetomys, 319

cosensi, 320
gambianus, 319
gambianus cosensi, 320

gambianus osgoodi, 320

gambianus proparator, 320

gambianus viator, 319

cristata, Hystrix, 305
Viverra, 332
Crocidura, 283

albicauda, 286
bicolor elgonius, 213
bicolor hendersoni, 284
bicolor sansibarica, 284
bloyeti, 284
fischeri, 284
fiavescens kivu, 285
fumosa johnstoni, 284
fumosa schistacea, 284
gracilipes, 284
Hildegardeae, 284
hildegardeae hildegardeae, 284
hirta hirta, 284
hirta velutina, 284
kijabae, 285
lixa, 286
luna, 285

martiensseni, 285
maurisca geata, 285
monax, 285
neavei, 285
nyansae kijabae, 285
nyansae kivu, 285
nyansae nyansae, 285
sacralis, 285
suahelae, 285
velutina, 284
Crocotta, 333
Crocuta, 333

crocuta, 333
crocuta, Canis, 333
Crocuta, 333

Crossarchus fasciatus colonus, 331
Cryptomys, 305

hottentotus occlusus, 305
hottentotus whytei, 305
Cuniculus, Lepus, 304
cuniculus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, 304
Cynocephalus, 298

cynocephalus, Papio cynocephalus, 299
Cynocephalus, Simla, 298
Cynonycteris, Angolensis, 287

daemon, Tachyoryctes, 322
daemonis,Potamochoerus choeropotamus, 340
Potamochoerus porcus, 340
dama, Tragelaphus, 342

Tragelaphus scriptus, 342
Damalis, 342, 350

jimela, 350

Jan. 1951 G. H. SwynnertoNj f.z.s.. Checklist of Land Mammals

375

Damaliscusj 350

korrigum eurus, 350

korrigum jimela, 350

korrigum ugandae, 350

Damaraland Hollow-faced Bat, 289
damarensis, Nycteris damarensis, 289
darlingij Rhinolophus darlingi, 291

Dassies, 338
Dasymysj 311

gueinziij 311

helukus, 311

incomtus helukus, 311
deckenii, Rhinolophus, 291

decumanus, Mus, 315

delalandi, Aonyx, 327

Delamerei, Macroscelides, 281

delamerei, Nasilio brachyrhynchus, 281
Dendrohyrax, 337

arboreus stuhlmanni, 337
blainvillii, 338

terricola, 337

terricola schusteri, 337
terricola vosseleri, 337
validus neumanni, 337

validus schusteri, 337

validus terricola, 337

validus validus, 337

Dendromurinae, 319, 320
Dendromus, melanotis, 320
mesomelas, 320
mesomelas hintoni, 320

mesomelas kilimandjari, 320
mescmelas kilimanjari 320
mesomelas nyasae, 320

nigrifrons nigrifrons, 321
nyasae, 320
nyikae, 321
pumilio, 320
pumilio uthmoelleri, 321
typus, 320

whytei pallescens, 320
Dendromys, 320

nigrifrons, 321
pumilio, 320
dentatus, Pedetes cafer, 310
dentifer, Herpestes, 329
Mungos, 329
deserti, Sylvicapra grimmia, 346
diana, Simia, 299
Diceros, 339

bicornis bicornis, 339

dieseneri, Heterohyrax brucei, 338
Heterohyrax syriacus, 338
Dikdiks, 354
dikidiki, 354

diminutus, Isomys pumilio, 314
Rhabdomys pumilio,
dinganii, Scotophilus nigritus, 294
Dipodillus, 323

luteus, 323
Dipus cafer, 310

gerbillus, 323
indicus, 323
divinorum, Otomys, 322
Dog Bats, 286

doggetti, Cercopithecus leucampyx, 300
Cercopithecus mitis, 300

Poecilogale, 326

Poecilogale albinucha, 326

Dogs, 324

doguera, Papio, 299
dolichurus, Mus, 311

dollmani, Graphiurus parvus, 310

dolosus, Heliosciurus gambianus, 307

Heliosciurus undulatus, 307

Domesticated Ass,

339

Cats,

333

Cattle,

344

Dog,

324

Goat,

355

Guinea-pig, 306

Horse,

339

Pig,

340

Rabbit,

304

Sheep,

355

dondoro.

353

dorcas. Antilope,

354

Dromedaries,

341

dromedarius, Camelus,

341

Dubbah, Hyaena,

333

dubbah. Hyaena hyaena,

333

Duikerboks,

346

Duikers,

345

d indasi, Elephantulus

281

Elephantulus rufescens, 281

duma, 335

durumae, Epimys coucha, 317

Rattus coucha.

, 317

duthieae, Chrysochloris,

280

Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bats, 288

Forest Bat,

295

Mongooses,

330

Dysopes brachypterus.

296

limbatus.

296

mops.

296

East African Banded Mongoose, 331

Bat-eared Fox, 325

Black-backed Jackal, 324

Burchell’s Zebra, 339

Eland, 344

Elephant, 337

Golden Jackal, 324

Honey Badger, 326

Pencil-tailed Tree Rat, 314

Polecat, 325

Roan Antelope, 349

Side-striped Jackal, 324

White-tailed Mongoose, 331
Wild Dog. 325

Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest, 351
Echimyidae, 305

Egocerus, 349

Eidolon, 288

helvum, 288
Elands, 343

elassodon, Otomys angoniensis, 322
elegans, Saccostomus, 319

Saccostomus campestris, 319
Elephant Shrews, 281
Elephantidae, 337
Elephantulus, 281

dundasi, 281
intufi intufi, 281
ocularis, 281

renatus, 282

rufescens dundasi, 281

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.z.s.j CkeckUst of Land Mammals

VoL. XX

i/6

rufescens ocularis, 281
rufescens pulcher, 281
rufescens renatus, 281
Elephas africanus, 337

africanus knochenhaueri, 337
capensis, 337

elgonius, Crocidura bicolor, 283

Ellomys microtis, 311

murinus subrufus, 311

ellipsiprymnus, Kobus, 346

eloqucns,Rhinolophus, 291

Rhinolophus Hildebrandti, 291
emarginatus, Scotophilus, 294
Vespcrtilio, 295
Emballonura afra, 288
Emballonuridae, 288

emini, Calogale, 329

Heliophobius, 304
Heliophobius argenteocinereus, 304
Herpestes, 329
Sciurus, 307
Emin’s Blesmol, 304
Entebbe Soft-furred Rat, 315
Epauletted Fruit Bats, 287
Epimys, 314,315
aeta, 316

coucha durumae, 317
taitae, 316

walambae pedester, 314
Epomophorus, 287

anurus, 287

franqueti, 288

labiatus minor, 287
minor, 287

pusillus, 288

schoSnsis, 288

wahlbergi haldemani, 287
wahlbergi wabJbergi, 287
epomophorus, Pteropus, 287
Epomops, 288

franqueti franqueti, 288
Eptesicus, 293

grandidieri, 293
melanops, 293

pusillus, 293

tenuipinnis, 294
Equidae, 339
equina. Antilope, 349
Equus, 339

asinus, 339

bohmi, 339

burchellii, 339

burchellii bohmi, 339
caballus, 339
quagga, 339
zebra, 339
Ermaceidae, 280

Erinaceus, 280

albiventris, 280
hindei, 280
Erythrocebus, 301

baumstarki, 301

patas baumstarki, 301
Eudorcas biedermanui, 355

eurus, Damaliscus korrigum, 350
Euryceros, 343

spekii, 343
Euryotis anchietae, 321
irrorata, 321

exgeanus, Paraxerus flavivittis, 309
exsul, Rhinolophus fumigatus, 291

fallax, Mus, 312
False Vampires, 290
familiaris, Canis, 324
farasi, 339
faru, 339
Fat Mice, 321
Felidae, 333
Felinac, 333
FeUs, 333

capensis, hindei, 334
caracal, 334

caracal nubicus, 334
cams, 333
fiisca, 335
jubata, 335
leo, 335

leo massaicus, 335

leopardus suahelicus, 335
lybica, 333

lybica taitae, 334
lybica ugandae, 334
ocreata taitae, 334
ocreata ugandae, 334
panthera, 334

pardus, 334

serval, 334

venatica, 335

Feloidea, 327

ferrum-cquinum, Rhinolophus, 291
hscheri, Crocidura, 284

Rhynchocyon petersi, 283
Fischer’s Shrew, 284
fisi, 333

maji, 326

ndogo, 332
ya mkole, 332

fiaviventris, Calogale, 329
Herpestes, 329
Fluted Horseshoe Bat, 291
Flying Foxes, 287
Squirrels,

Forest Bats, 295
Hogs, 340

Four-striped Grass Mice, 314

-toed Elephant Shrews, 282
-toed Mongooses, 332

Foxes, 324

franqueti, Epomophorus, 288
Epomops franqueti, 288
fraseri, Anomalurus, 309

Free-tailed Bats, 295

Frerei, Macroxus annulatus, 308
frerei, Paraxerus palliatus, 308
frommi, Heterohyrax syriacus, 338
Procavia, 338
Strep siceros. 342
Strepsiceros strepsiceros, 342
frons, Lavia irons, 290

Megaderma, 290
frugivorus, Musculus, 315
Rattus rattus, 315
Fruit-eating Bats, 286
fuko, 280,304,322
fuliginosus, Cercocebus, 298
fulminans, Nyctonimus, 295
Tadarida, 295

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.Z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

377

fiimatus, Mus, 316

Rattus fumatuSj 316
Funambulinij 306
funestus, Herpestes ichneumon, 329
Mungos ichneumon, 329
fungo, 328

Funisciurus annuiatus rhodesiae, 306
byatti, 309
palliatus Lastii, 308
vexiliarius, 307
yulei, 308

fimo, 345
fusca, Felis, 335

Panthera pardus, 335
fuscatus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, 293
fuscipes, Pipistrellus, 293

Pipistrellus riippellii, 293
fuscus, Vespertilio, 293

Galago, 297

argentatus, 297
braccatus, 298
braccatus albipes, 298
crassicaudatus agisymbanus, 297
crassicaudatus argentatus, 297
crassicaudatus crassicaudatus, 297
crassicaudatus lasiotis, 297
crassicaudatus panganiensis, 297
demidovii orinus, 298
lasiotis, 297
Moholi, 298
senegalensis, 297
senegalensis albipes, 298

senegalensis braccatus, 298

senegalensis moholi, 298

senegalensis zanzibaricus, 298

zanzibaricus, 298
galago. Lemur,

Galagos, 297

gambianus, Cricetomys, 319
Pteropus, 287
Gazella, 354

grant! grant!, 355
grant! robertsi, 355
grant! serengetae, 355
Thomsonii, 354
thomsonii biedermanni, 355
thomsonii nasahs, 355
thomsonii ruwanae, 355
thomsonii thomsonii, 355
walleri, 354
gazella, Capra, 349
Gazelles, 355

geata, Crocidura maurisca, 285
Gemsboks, 349
Genets, 327
Genetta, 327

genetta neumanni, 327
genetta pulchra, 327

mossambica, 327

neumanni, 327

pulchra, 327

stuhlmanni, 328

suahehca, 327

tigrina mossambica, 327
tigrina stuhlmanni, 328
tigrina suahelica, 327
genetta, Viverra, 327

Georychus, 304

albifrons, 304

holosericeus, 305
pallidus, 304

whytei, 305

Gerbillinae, 323
Gerbilliscus, 324
Gerbillus, 323

aegyptius, 323
bohmj, 324
harwoodi luteus, 323
pusillus, 323
simoni, 323
vicinus, 323
vicinus muansae, 323
gerbillus. Dipus, 323
Leggada, 318
Mus, 318
Gerbils, 323
Gerenuk, 354
germinans. Hyaena, 333
gerrardi, Nandinia, 328

Nandinia binotata, 328
Giant Forest Hogs, 340
Hollow-faced Bat, 290
Leaf-nosed Bat, 292
Rats, 319

gigas, Hipposideros, 292

Hipposideros commersonJ, 292
Gigas, Rhinolophus, 292
Giraffa, 341

Camelopardalis, 341
Camelopardalis tippelskirchi, 342
tippelskirchi, 342
Giraffes, 341

Giraffidae, 341

Glauconycteris, 294

argentatus, 294
papilio, 294
variegatus papilio, 294

Gliridae, 310
Goats, 355
Golden Moles, 280
gordonofum, Colobus badius, 302
Piliocolobus, 302

Gorgon, 351

taurinus albojubatus, 351
taurinus hecki, 351

taurinus johnstoni, 351
gorgon, Antilope, 351

gracilipes, Crocidura, 284

gracilis, Herpestes, 329

Grammomys, 311

surdaster surdaster, 311
grandidieri, Eptesicus, 293
Vesperugo, 293

grandis, Ichneumia albicauda, 332
Nycteris, 290
grand, Gazella grant!, 355
grand!, Calogale, 329
Herpestes, 329
Grant’s Gazelle, 355
Graphiure du Cap, 310
Graphiurus, 310

capensis, 310
microtis, 311
murinus collaris, 310
murinus isolatus, 310

378

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

murinus murinus, 311
parvus dollmani, 310

smithii, 311
Greater Free-tailed Bat, 296
Galago, 297

Grey Mongooses, 329
Kudu, 342

Leaf-nosed Bat, 292
Green Monkeys, 299

gregorianus, Aulacodus, 305

Thryonomys gregorianus, 305
grimmia, Capra, 346
Sylvicapra, 346
Grivets, 299

Groove- toothed Rats, 321
Ground Pangolins, 303
Grysboks, 353
gudoviusi, Tropicolobus, 302
gueinzii, Dasymys, 311
Guenons, 299
guentheri, Madoqua, 354
Guerezas, 301
Guevei, 345

caerulus aequatorialis, 346
caerulus hecki, 345
caerulus lugens, 345
caerulus pembae, 346
caerulus schusteri, 346
caerulus sundevalli, 346
Guinea-pigs, 306

haldemani, Epomorphorus wahlbergi, 287

Haldemani, Pteropus, 287

hardwickii, Vespertilio, 295

Hares, 303

Harsh-furred Mice, 318

Hartebeests, 350

Harveyi, Cephalolophus, 345
harveyi, Cephalophus harveyi, 345
Harvey’s Red Duiker, 345
hastata. Antilope, 352

Ourebia ourebi, 352
Heart-nosed Big-eared Bats, 290
hecki, Cephalolopus, 345
Connochoetes, 351
Gorgon taurinus, 351
Guevei caerulus, 345
Hedgehogs, 280
Heliophobius, 304

argenteocinereus albifrons, 304
argenteocinereus argenteocine-
reus, 304

argenteocinereus emini, 304
argenteocinereus pallidus, 304
emini, 304
spalax, 304
helios, Aonyx capensis, 327
Heliosciurus, 306

gambianus dolosus, 307
gambianus mutabilis, 307
gambianus nyansae, 307
gambianus rhodesiae, 306
gambianus undulatus, 307
lucifer, 307

undulatus dolosus, 307

vexillarius, 307

Helogale, 330
ivori 330

undulata rufula, 330
undulata undulata, 330
Victorina victorina, 330
helukus, Dasymys, 311

Dasymys incomtus, 311
helvum. Eidolon, 288

helvus, Vespertilio Vampyrus, 288

hendersoni, Crocidura bicolor, 284

Rhynchocyon cirnei, 283

Hendersoni, Rhynchocyon, 283

henrici, Connochaetus albojubatus, 351

Herpertes, 329
Herpestes, 329

albicaudus, 331
aibicaudus ibeanus, 331
badius, 329
conradsi, 329
dentifer, 329
emini, 229
fiaviventris, 329
gracilis, 329
grantii, 329
ichneumon, 329
ichneumon funestus, 329
javanicus auropunctatus, 329
lademanni, 329

mossambicus, 330

ornatus rufescens, 330
paludinosus, 331

parvulus, 330

sanguineus ibeae, 330
sanguineus proteus, 330
sanguineus rufescens, 330
undulatus, 330
Herpestinae, 329
Heterohyrax, 338

brucei dieseneri, 338
brucei prittwitzi, 338
brucei ssongeae, 338
brucei victoria njansae, 338
lademanni, 338

syriacus dieseneri, 338
syriacus frommi, 338
syriacus lademanni, 338
syriacus miinzneri, 338
syriacus prittwitzi, 338
syriacus ssongeae, 338
Highland Bohor Reedbuck, 348
Common Waterbuck, 347
Hildebrandtii, Mus, 317
hildebrandtii, Rattus coucha, 317

Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, 291
hildegardeae, Crocidura hildegardeae, 284
Myotis bocagii, 292
Hildegardeae, Myotis, 292
hindei, Aethomys kaiseri, 314
Atelerix pruneri, 280
Cephalophus abyssinicus, 346
Erinaceus, 280

Felis capensis, 334

Leptailurus serval, 334
Mus, 314

hintoni, Dendromus mesomelas, 320
Hippomorpha, 339
Hippopotamidae, 341
Hippopotamus, 341

amphibius amphibius, 341

Jan. 1951

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

379

Hippopotamuses, 341
Hipposideridae, 291
Hipposideros, 291

caffer cafFer, 292

cafFer centralis, 292

commersoni, 292

commersoni gigas, 292
commersoni marungensis, 292

africaeaustralis prittwitzi, 306
cristata, 305

galeata ambigua, 306
galeata conradsi, 306
galeata ladcmanni, 306
galeata lOnnbergi, 306
galeata ludemanni, 306

gigas, 292

marungensis, 292
ruber, 292

vittatus, 292

Hipposiderus caffer centralis, 292
caffer typicus 292
Hippotigris, 339
Hippotraginae , 346
Hippotragini, 349
Hippotragus, 349

equinus langheldi, 349
langheldi, 349

niger roosevelti, 349

hircus, Capra, 355

hirta, Crocidura hirta, 284
Hispid Bats, 289

hispida, Nycteris, 290
hispidus, Vespertilio, 289
Hollow-faced Bats, 289

holosericeus, Georychus, 305
Hominidae, 302
Homo, 302

sapiens, 302
Honey Badgers, 326
Horseshoe Bats, 291
Horses, 339

House Rats, 315
humeralis, Nycticeius,

Hyaena, 333

Dubbah, 333

germinans, 333

hyaena, 333

hyaena dubbah, 333
picta, 325
striata, 333
hyaena, Canis, 333
Hyaena, 333
Hyaenas, 333
Hyaenidae, 332
Hyaeninae, 333
Hydrictis, 326
Hydrogale, 326
Hydrotragus, 343
Hyena, 333
Hylochoerus, 340

meinertzhageni, 340
meinertzhageni schulzi, 341
schulzi, 341
Hylomyscus, 316

hypoxanthus, Mus, 311

Oenomys, 311
Hypudaeus variegatus, 312
Hyracoidea, 337
Hyrax syriacus, 338
Hyraxes, 338

Hystricidae, 305
Hystricoidea, 305
Hystricomorpha, 304
Hystrix, 305

Africae australis, 305
africaeaustralis africaeaustralis, 305

ibeae, Herpestes sanguineus, 330
Mungos sanguineus, 330
ibeana, Ichneumia albicauda, 331
ibeanus, Herpestes albicaudus, 331
Papio thath, 299

Paraxerus flavivittis, 309
Ichneumia, 331

albicauda grandis, 332
albicauda ibeana, 331
Ichneumon, 329

pharaon, 329
ichneumon, Herpestes, 329
Viverra, 329
Ictonyx, 325

capensis, 325

capensis albescens, 325
striams albescens, 325
Ikoma Patas Monkey, 301
Impalas, 354

incomtus, Mus, 311
indica, Civetta, 328
indicus. Dipus, 323
Mops, 296

induta, Leggada bella, 318
indutus, Mus beilus, 318
inornatus, Limnotragus spekei, 343
Limotragus spekii, 343
Insect-eating Bats, 288
Insectivora, 280

insignatus, Pelomys fallax, 313
intufi, Elephantulus intufi, 281
Intufi, Macroscelides, 281
iridescens, Pelomys fallax, 312
Iringa Eland, 344
irrorata, Euryotis, 321
irroratus, Otomys, 321
isolatus, Graphiurus murinus, 310
Isomys pumilio diminutus, 314
itigiensis, Mastomys coucha, 317
Rattus coucha, 317
ivori, Helogale, 330

Jackals, 324

jacksoni, Alcelaphus buselaphus, 350
Rattus jacksoni, 315
Jacksoni, Bubalis, 350
Mus, 315

Jackson’s Hartebeest, 350
jimela, Damalis, 350

Damaliscus korrigum, 350
johnstoni, Aepyceros melampus. 354

Cercocebus albigena, 298

Cercopithecus aethiops, 300

Cercopithecus pygerythrus, 300
Connochaetes taurinus, 351
Crocidura fumosa, 284

Gorgon taurinus, 351

Potamochoerus, 340

Potamochoerus koiropotamus, 340
Semnocebus albigena, 298

380

G. H. SWYNNERTON, P.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL.

johorcnsjs, Nyctinomusj 2%
jubata, Felisj 335

jubatus, Adnonys, 335

Jumping Hares, 310

kakakuona, 303

Kakamega Tree Civet, 328
kalunguyeye, 280
Kameelpaiden, 341
kamendegere, 310
kanu, 327

Kavirondo Blue Monkey, 300

Bush-baby, 298

Bushbuck, 342

kempi, Otomys, 322

Rousettus, 286

Kemp’s Swamp Rat, 322

Kenya Coastal Bushbuck, 343
Kerivoula, 295

africana, 295
poensis, 294
Kerivoulinae, 295
kiboko, 341

kibonotensis, Cercopithecus albogularis, 300
Cercopithecus mitis, 300
kicheche, 325
kidiri, 306
Kigezi Bush Rat, 314
kijabae, Crocidura, 285

Crocidura nyansae, 285
Kijabe Black Rat, 315

Idjabius, Mus, 315

Rattus rattus, 315
Kikuyu Dwarf Mongoose, 330
kilimandjari, Dendromus mesomelas, 320
kiliraanjari, Dendromus mesomelas, 320

Kilimanjaro Black-and-white Colobus, 301
Blue Monkey, 300

Fringe-eared Oryx, 349

Green Monkey, 300

Harsh-furred Mouse, 318

Hedgehog, 280

Marsh Mongoose, 231

Mole-rat, 322

Punctated Grass Mouse, 313

Swamp Rat, 322

White-faced Bush-pig, 340

kilimanus, Atelerix, 280

Atelerix pruneri, 280
kima, 300
kimburu, 335
kindi, 306

Kirchenpaueri, Nesotragus, 353
kirchenpaueri, Nesotragus moschatus, 353
kirki, Colobus, 302

kirkii, Colobus, 302

Colobus badius, 302
Kirk’s Chequered Elephant Shj-ew, 283
Red Colobus, 302
kirukanjia, 293
kitungule, 303

Kivu Black-and-white Colobus, 301
kivu, Crocidura flavescens, 285

Crocidura nyansae, 285

Klipspringers, 351

knochenhaueri, Elephas africanus, 337
Loxodonta africana, 337
kob. Antilope, 347

Kobs, 347
Kobus, 346

defassa adolfi-friderici, 347
defassa crawshayi, 347

defassa raineyi, 347

defassa ugandae, 347

ellipsiprymnus, 346

ellipsiprymnus kondensis, 346
ellipsiprymnus kuru, 347

ellipsiprymnus thikae, 347

leucotis, 347

unctuosus ugandae, 347

Koiropotamus, 340
koiropotamus, Sus, 340
komba, 297

kondensis, Kobus ellipsiprymnus, 346

kondoo, 355

kongoni, 350

korongo, 349

Kudus, 342

kuhlii, Scotophilus, 294

kuro, 346

kiuru, Kobus ellipsipr3?mnus, 347

lacustris, Otomys anchietae, 321
lademanni, Calogale, 329

Herpestes, 329

Heterohyrax, 338
Heterohyrax syriacus, 338
Hystrix galeata, 306
Orycteropus afer, 336
laetus, Aethosciurus byatti, 309

Paraxerus byatti, 309

Lagomorpha, 303

Lake Nyasa Blue Monkey, 300

Lake Victoria Dwarf Mongoose, 330
Hare, 304

Rock-rabbit, 338

lala, 355

lalandii, Proteles, 332
langheldi, Hippotragus, 349

Hippotragus equinus, 349
lanosus, Rousettus, 286
Large-eared Hollow-faced Bat, 290
Larger Cane-rat, 305
Lasiomys, 318

afer, 318
Lasiopus, 331

lasiotis. Galago, 297

Galago crassicaudatus, 297
Lastii, Funisciurus paliiatus, 308
Lavia, 290

frons frons, 290

frons rex, 290

rex, 290

Leachii, Pteropus, 286

leachii, Rousettus, 286

Leaf-eating xMonkeys, 301
Leaf-nosed Bats, 291

Least Bush-baby, 298

Leggada, 317

bella, 317

bella induta, 318
bella vicina, 318
booduga, 317
gerbillus, 318
tenella suahelica, 318
triton murilla, 317
Lemmus niloticus, 312

Jan. 1951

G. H. SwYNNERTON, -F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Marnmals

381

Lcmniscomysj 313

barbarus convictus, 313
barbarus manteufeli, 313
barbarus spckci, 313
griselda maculosus, 313
griselda rosalia, 313
luluae, 313

macculus macculus, 314
striatus ardens, 313
striams luluae, 313
striatus massaicus, 313
striatus striatus, 313
Lemur galago, 297

Lemurs, 297

Leo, 335

leo, Felis, 335

Leopards 335

Leporidae, 303

Leporinae, 303

Leptailurus, 334

serval hindei, 334

Lepus, 303

capensis abbotti, 303
capensis crawshayi, 303
crassicaudatus, 303
crawshayi, 303

Cuniculus, 304

timidus, 303

victoriae victoriae, 304
whytei, 304

Lesser Cane-rat, 305

Free-tailed Bat, 296
Kudu, 342

Leaf-nosed Bat, 292
Mongooses, 329
Yellow Bat, 294

leucodon. Sores, 283
leucotis. Antilope, 347
Kobus, 347
leucura, Pachyura, 286
Suncus, 286

lichtensteinii, Alcelaphus, 351
Lichtensteinii, Antilope, 351
Lichtenstein’s Haitebeest, 351
limbata, Tadarida, 296
limbatus, Dysopes, 296
Limnotragus, 343

spekei inomatus, 343
spekii inomatus, 343
spekii spekii, 343
Lindi Black-and-red Elephant Shrew, 283
Lions, 335

Liponycteris, 289
Lissonyaeris, 287
Litocranius, 354

wallcri walleri, 354
Livingstone’s Eland, 343
Suni, 353

livingstonianus, Nesotragus, 353
livingstonii, Oreas, 343

Taurotragus oryx, 343
lixa, Crocidura, 285

lixus, Suncus lixus, 286

lobatus, Rhinolophus, 291
jOnnbergi, Hystrix galeata, 306
Long-haired Chimpanzee, 302
-snouted Dikdiks, 354
-winged Bats, 295

longicaudatus, Mystromys, 322

Lophuromys, 318

ansorgei, 318

aquilus aquilus, 318
muansae, 318

sikapusi ansorgei, 318
siltapusi manteufeli, 318
lorenzi, Connochaetus alboiubatus, 351
Lorisidac, 297

loveridgei, Steatomys, 321
Tatera nyassae, 323
Tatcra schinzi, 323
Loveridge’s Fat Mouse, 321
Gerbil, 323
Spectacled Elephant Shrew, 281
Loxodonta, 337

africana africana, 337
africana knochenhaueri, 337
Loxodonte, 337
lucifer, Heliosciurus, 307
Xerus, 307
ludemanni, Hystrix galeata, 306
lugens, Cephalophus, 345

Guevci caeruJus, 345
Lulua Punctated Grass Mouse, 313
luluae, I..cmniscomy8, 313

Lemniscomys striatus, 313
luna, Crocidura, 283

lunata, Antilope, 350

iupinus, Lycaoa pictus, 325

luteola, Nycterls, 290

Nycteris aetliiopica, 290
luteus, Dipodillus, 323

Gerbillus harwoodi, 323
Lutra, 326

capensis, 327
lutra, 326

mactUicollis, 326
lutra, Lutra, 326

Mustela, 326
Lutrinae, 326

lybica, Felis, 333

Lycaon, 325

pictus Iupinus, 325

macculus, Articaathis, 314

Lemniscomys rnacctilus, 314
Machakos Pygmy Mouse, 317
Macroscelides brachyrhynchus, 281
brachyrynchus, 281
Delamerei, 281
Intufi, 281

pulcher, 281

rupestris, 281
Macroscelldidae, 281
Macroxus annulatus Frerci, 308
shirensis, 307

macrurus, Rhynchocyon, 283

Rhynchocyon cirnei 283
maculicoUis, Lutra, 326
maculosus, Arvicamhis dorsalis, 313
Lemniscomys griselda, 313
Madoqua guentheri, 354

major, Nyctinomus pumilus, 296
Tadarida, 296
Man, 297, 302
Mandrills, 298
Mangabeys, 298
Mangusta Auropunctata, 329
Manidae, 302

382

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Manis, 302

pentadactyla, 302
temminckii, 303
manteufelij Aethomys kaiseri, 314

Lemniscomys barbarus, 313
Lophuromys sikapusi, 318, 319
Mus, 314

Manteufel’s Harsh-furred Mouse, 318
marica, Nycteris, 290
marikquensis, Mus, 316
Rattus, 316
Marsh Mongoose, 331
martiensseni, Crocidura, 285
Nyctinomus, 297
Tadarida, 297
marungensis, Hipposideros, 292

Hipposideros commersoni, 292
Phyllorhina commersonii, 292

Masai Bushbuck, 343

Gerbil, 324

Klipspringer, 352

Lion, 335

Pygmy Gerbil, 323
Masailand Aardwolf, 332
massaica, Panthera leo, 335
massaicus, Felis leo, 335

Lemniscomys striatus, 313
Tragelaphus, 343

Tragelaphus scriptus, 343
Massaicus, Mus barbarus, 313
Mastomys, 316

coucha itigiensis, 317
matschiei, Colobus, 301

Colobus abyssinicus, 301
Orycteropus afer, 336
Petrodrornus, 282

Petrodromus tetradactylus, 282
Procavia, 338
Procavia johnstoni, 338
mauritianus, Taphozous mauritianus, 289
maxwellii. Antilope, 345
mbarapi, 349
mbawala, 342
mbega, 301
mbogo, 344

Mbulu Soft-furred Rat, 316
mbunju, 343
mbuzi, 355

mawe, 351
mbwa, 324

mwitu, 325

mcmillani, Canis mesomelas, 324
Thos mesomelas, 324
Megachiroptera, 286
Megaderma, 290

cor, 290
frons, 290

Megadermatidae, 290
megalotis, Canis, 325
meinertzhageni, Hylochoerus, 340, 341
melampus. Antilope, 354

melanops, Eptesicus, 293

melanotis. Antilope, 353

Caracal, 334

Dendromus, 320

melanotus, Praomys tullbergi, 316
Rattus jacksoni, 316
melanurus, Rhynchocyon petersi, 283
mellcri, Rhinogalc, 332

Mellivora, 326

capensis sagulata, 326
sagulata, 326
Mellivorinae, 326

mergens. Antilope, 346
Mesoctenus, 282

mesomelas, Dendromus, 320
Mus, 320
mhorr. Hanger,

Microchiroptera, 288
microdon, Mus, 316

Rattus coucha, 316
Micropteropus, 288

pusillus, 288
microtis, Eliomys, 311
Grapliiurus, 31 1
Mierkats, 329
minde, 345
Miniopterinae, 295
Miniopterus, 295

minor, 295

natalensis arenarius, 295
scotinus, 295
minor, Epomophorus, 287

Epomophorus labiatus, 287
Miniopterus, 295
Suncus varilla, 286
Mitis group, 300

Modern Man, 302
Moholi Bush Baby, 298
Moholi, Galago, 298
moholi. Galago senegalensis, 298
Mole-rats, 305, 322
moloneyi, Cercopithecus, 300

Cercopithecus mitis, 300
Molossidae, 295

Mombasa Four-toed Elephant Shrew, 282
Mongoose, 332
monax, Crocidura, 285
mondo, 334
Mongooses, 329
Monkeys, 297, 298
monoldes, Cercopithecus, 300

Cercopithecus mitis, 300
monticola, Sylvicapra,

Mops, 296

angolensis orientis, 296
indicus, 296
mops, Dysopes, 296
mordax, Atilax paludinosus, 331
Mungos paludinosus, 331
morio, Rattus, 315

moschatus, Nesotragus moschatus, 353
mossambica, Calogale, 330
Genetta, 327
Genetta tigrina, 327
mossambicus, Herpestes, 330
Mount Meru Suni, 353
Mouse-eared Bats, 292
Mozambique Blue Duiker, 345
Bush Genet, 327
Dwarf Mongoose, 330
Four-toed Mongoose, 332
Mrs. Hinde’s Shrew, 284
muansae, Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 312
Gerbillus vicinus, 323
Lophuromys, 318
Tatera robusta, 323
muanzae, Steatomys, 321

Jan. 1951

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

383

rniinziieri, Heterohyrax syriacus, 338
Procavia, 338
muhanga, 336
Multimammate Rats, 316
mungo, Viverra, 331

Mungos, 329,331

dentifer, 329
gracilis proteus, 330
ichneumon funestus, 329
mungo colonus, 331
paludinosus mordax, 331
paludinosus rubescens, 331
sanguineus ibeae, 330
Muridae, 311

murilla, Leggada triton, 317
murillus, Mus triton, 317
Murinae, 311

murinus, Graphiurus murinus, 311
Suncus, 286

Vespertilio, 292
Muroidea, 310

S, /

alexandrinus.

315

aquilus.

318

barbarus.

313

barbarus Massaicus,

.313

bcllus bellus.

317

bellus indutus.

318

bellus viciiius.

318

birungensis.

318

caffer.

316

colonus.

316

coucha.

316

decumanus.

315

dolichurus.

311

fallax.

312

fumatus.

316

gerbillus,

318

Hildebrandtii,

317

Hindei,

314

hypoxantus,

311

incomtus.

311

Jacksoni,

315

kijabius.

315

manteufeli.

314

marikquensis.

316

microdon,

316

microdon victoriae.

317

musculus musculusj

,317

natalensis.

316

neumanni,

312

nigricauda.

314

norvegicus.

315

porcellus.

306

pumilio.

314

Rattus,

315

rufescens.

315

sikapusi.

318

tenellus suahelicus,

318

triton murillus.

317

tullbergi.

315

Musculus frugivorus, 315
musculus, Mus musculus, 317
Mustela lutra, 326
Mustelidae, 325
Mustelinae, 325

mutabilis, Heliosciurus gambianus, 307
Sciurus, 307
Myomorpha, 307

Myomys, 316
Myonax, 329
My Otis, 292

bocagii hildegardeae, 292
Hildegardeae, 292

welwitschii venustus, 293
myotis, Vespertilio, 292

Myoxus Smithii, 311

Myrmecophaga afra, 336

capensis, 336

Mystromys, 322

albipes, 322

longicaudatus, 322

Punctated Grass Mouse, 313
naivashae, Chaerephon pumilus, 296
Tadarida piunila, 296

Nandinia, 328

binotata arborea, 328
binotata gerrardi, 328
gerrardi, 328

Nanger, 355

mhorr, 355
nanus. Bos, 344

Pipistrellus nanus, 293
Vespertilio, 293

nasalis, Gazella thomsonii, 355
Nasilio, 281

brachyrhynchus delamerei, 281
Natal Clinging Bat, 295
Red Duiker, 345

natalensis, Mus, 316

ndezi, 305
ndovu, 337
neavei, Crocidura, 285
Neave’s Shrew, 285

Neotragini, 351

nesiotes, Cercopithecus aethiops, 300

Nesotragus, 353

Kirchenpaueri, 353

livingstonianus, 353

moschatus kirchenpaueri, 353
moschatus moschatus, 353

neumanni, Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 312

Cercopithecus, 300

Cercopithecus mitis, 300

Dendrohyrax validus, 337

Genetta, 327

Genetta genetta, 327

Mus, 312

Papio, 299

Papio anubis, 299

Pediotragus, 353

Procavia, 337

Raphicerus campestris, 353

Neumann’s Black-and-white Colobus, 301
Genet, 327

Olive Baboon, 299
ngamia, 341
ngedere, 299
ngiri, 340
ng’ombe, 344

ngorongorensis, Acinonyx guttatus, 336
Acinonyx jubatus, 335

nguchiro, 329

Nguru Single-striped Grass Mouse, 313
ngurunguru, 351
uguruwe, 340

384

G. H. SwYNNESTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Nictitans group, 302

niger, Vespertilio vanipirus, 287
nigricauda, Mus, 314

nigrifrons, Dendromus nigrifrons, 321
Dendromyg, 321

nigriseta, Petrodromus, 282

Pctrodromus ro\Tiraae, 282
niloticus, Arvicanthis, 312
Arvicola, 312
Lemmus, 312
Noack’s Klipspringer, 352
North Nyasa Savannah Bush-pig 340
Northern Hippo, 341
Puku, 348
Sable Antelope, 349

Northern Rhodesia Defassa Watcrbuck, 347
Klipspringer, 352

Sitamnga, 343

notvegicus, Mus, 315

Rattus norvegicus, 315

notatus, Canis adusrus, 324
Thos adusrus, 324
Nototragus, 353

nsya, 346

nubicus. Caracal caracal, 334
Felis caracal, 334
Qubilus, Acomys, 319

audiventris, Taphozous, 289
nungu, 306
nyamera, 350
ayani, 299

ayansae, Croddura nyansae, 283
Heiiosdurus gambianus, 307
Sciurus, 307

SyMcapra abyssinica, 346
Nyasa Black-and-white Colobus, 301

Blue Wildebeest, 351

Common Waterbuck, 346
Creek Rat, 313

Giant Rat, 319

Marsh Mongoose, 331

Pouched Mouse, 319

nyasae, Dendromus, 320

Dendromus mesomdas, 320
Nyasaland Chequered Elephant Shrew, 283
Impala, 354
Tree Civet, 328
Tree Rat, 31 !
nyati, 344
Nycteridae, 289
Nycteris, 289

aethiopica iuteola, 290

aethiopica oriana, 289

capensis, 289

damarensis damarensis, 289
grandis,
hispida,

Iuteola,
marica,
oriana,
revoilii,

thebaica aurantiaca,

Nycticeius, 294

humeralis, 294
schlieffenii albiventer, 294
Nycticeiu® viridis, 294

Nyctinomus, 295

aegyptiacus, 295

ansorgei, 295

bivittatus, 296

dsturus, 295

condylurus, 296

fuhninans, 295

johorensis, 296

martiensseni, 297
pumilus major, 296
wroughtoni, 297
nyegere, 326

ayikae, Dendromus, 321

Rhynchotragus kirki, 354
Rhynchotragus kirkii, 354
nytimbu, 351
nzohe, 343

Nzoia Harsh-furred Mouse, 318

observandus, Orycleropus afer, 336

ocularis, Elephantulus rufescens 281

ocddentalis, Cervicapra arundineum, 348
Redunca arundinum, 348

occlusus, Cr-yptomys hottentotus, 305

©chraccus, Paraxerus ochraceus, 308

Sdurus, 308

oaomastis, Praomys jacksoni, 316

Rattus jacksoni, 316

ocularis, Elephantulus, 281

Sciurus, 310

Oenomys, 311

hyposanthus, 311
Oideani Forest Hog, 341

Old-world Wild Cats, 333

olivaceus, Tragelaphus scriptus, 343
omnivora, Bdeogale crassicauda, 332
One-humped (Arabian) Camel, 341
Oreas, 343

livingstonii, 343
oreas. Antilope, 343
Oreotragus, 351

aceratos, 352

oreotragus aceratos, 352
oreotragus centralis, 352
oreotragus schillingsi, 352
schillingsi, 352

oreotragus. Antilope, 351

oriana, Nycteris, 289

Nycteris aethiopica, 289

Oribis, 352

orientalis, Anomalurus, 309

Anomalurus fraseri, 309
Viverra, 328

Viverra civetta, 328

orientis, aMops angolcnsis, 296

Tadarida angolensis, 296
orinus, Galago demidovii, 298

Oryctcropodidae, 336
Orycteropus, 336

afer, 336

afer lademanni, 336

afer raatschiei, 336

afer observandus, 336

afer ruvanensis, 336

capensis, 336

wcrtheri, 336

Oryctolagus, 304

cuniculus ctmieulus, 304

290

290

290

290

289

290
290

Ian. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

385

Oryx, 349

beisa callous, 349
callotis, 349
oryx, Antilope, 343, 349
Oryxes, 349

osborni, Chaerephon, 296

Tadarida angolensis, 296
osgoodi, Cricetomys gambianus, 320
Otocyon, 325

caffer, 325

megalotis virgatus, 325
virgatus, 325

Otocyoninae, 325
Otolemur agysimbamis, 297
panganiensis, 297
Otomops, 297
Otomyinae, 321
Otomys, 321

albicaudatus, 322

anchietae lacustris, 321

angoniensis elassodoo, 322
denti sungae, 322
divinorum, 322
irroratus, 321
kempi, 322

percivall, 322
typus zinki, 321
Otters, 326

ourebi, Antilope, 352

Ourebia ourebi, 352
Ourebia, 352

cottoni, 352

montana ugandae, 352
ourebi cottoni, 352

ourebi hastata, 352

ourebi ourebi, 352

ourebi ugandae, 352

Ovis, 355

aries, 355

Ozanna roosevelti, 349

paa, 345, 353
Pachyura leucura, 286

lixa aequatoria, 286
Painted Bats, 295
paka, 333

pori, 333
Palaeolaginae, 303
palahala, 349

pallescens, Dendromus whytei, 320
palliatus, Colobus, 301

Colobus angolensis, 301
pallidus, Georychus, 304

Heliophobius argenteocinereus, 304
paludinosus, Herpestes, 331
Pan, 302

africanus, 302

troglodytes schweinfurthii, 302
Pangani Black-and-white Colobus, 301
panganiensis. Galago crassicaudatus, 297
Otolemur, 297
Pangolins, 302
Panthera, 334, 335

leo massaica, 335
pardus, 335

pardus adersi, 335
pardus fusca, 335
vulgaris, 334

panthera, Felis, 334
Pantherinae, 334

panya, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318,
miti, 310, 311, 314, 320 [319, 320

papilio, Glauconycteris, 294

Glauconycteris variegatus, 294
Papio, 298

anubis, 299

anubis neumanni, 299
anubis tesselatus, 299
cynocephalus cynocephalus, 299
doguera, 299
neumanni, 299
papio, 298
sphinx, 298
tessellatum, 299
thoth ibeanus, 299
papio, Papio, 298
Paradoxurinae, 328
Paraxerus, 307

bridgemani, 308

byatti byatti, 309

byatti laetus, 309

cepapi quotus, 308

cepapi 3mlei, 308

flavivittis exgcanus, 309
flavivittis ibeanus, 309
ochraceus aruscensis, 308
ochraceus ochraecus, 308
ochraceus salutans, 308
palliatus bridgemani, 308
palliatus frerei, 308
palliatus suahelicus, 308
vulcanorum, 309

pardus, Felis, 334

Panthera, 335
parvulus, Herpestes, 330
patas, Simia, 301

patiersonianus, Taurotragus oryx, 344
pauli, Sciurus, 308
pedester, Aethomys walambae, 314
Epimys walambae, 314

Pedetes, 310

cafer dentatus, 310
cafer taborae, 310
Pedetidae, 310
Pedetoidea, 310
Pediotragus neumanni, 353

Pelomys, 312

fallax insignatus, 313
fallax iridescens, 312
reichardi, 312

Pemba Blue Duiker, 346
Green Monkey, 300

pembae, Cephalophus melanorheus, 346
Guevei caerulus, 346

Pencil-tailed Tree Rats, 314

pentadactyla, Manis, 302

percivali, Otomys, 322

Percival’s Swamp Rat, 322

perere, 337

perforatus, Taphozous, 289

Perissodactyla, 339

persicus, Triaenops, 292

Petalia thebaica aurantiaca, 290

Petersi, Rhynchocyon, 283

petersi, Rhynchocyon petersi, 283
Peters’s Black-and-red Elephant Shrew, 283
Oribi, 352

386

G. H. SwYNNiRTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

VOL. XX

Petrodromus, 282

matschiei, 282

matschiei venustus, 282

nigriseta, 282

rovumae nigriseta, 282

rovumae rovumae, 282

sultan sultan, 282

sultani, 282

tetradactylus matschiei, 282
tetradactylus tetradactylus, 282
tetradactylus venustus, 282
Phacochoerus, 340

aethiopicus aeliani, 340
pharaon, Ichneumon, 329
Phascochaeres Aeliani, 340
Philantomba, 345

philantomba. Antilope, 345
Pholidota, 302

Phyllorhina commersonii marungensis, 292
rubra, 292

picta, Hyaena, 325

pictus, Choiropotamus, 340

PiUocolobus gordonorum, 302

imbi, 338
ipistrelles, 293
Pipistrellus, 293

fuscipes, 293

kuhlii fuscatus, 293

nanus nanus, 293

pulcher, 293

ruppellii fuscipes, 293
pipistrellus, Vespcrtilio, 293

Poecilogale, 326

albinucha doggetti, 326
doggetti, 326
PoSmys, 320

poensis, Kerivoula 294
Sciurus, 307
pofu, 343

polycomos, Colobus, 301
polykomos, Cebus, 301
Pongidae, 302

pongo, 342

popo, 286

porcellus, Cavia, 306
Mus, 306
Porcupines, 305

Poroto Soft-furred Rat, 316
Potamochoerus, 340

johnstoni matschiei, 338

matschiei.

338

miinzneri.

338

neumanni.

337

stuhlmanni,
Procaviidae, 337
Procolobus, 302
Pronolagus, 303

337

crassicaudatus, 303
ruddi, 303

proparator, Cricetomys gambianus, 320
Prosimii, 297
Proteles, 332

cristatus termes, 332
lalandii, 332

Protelinac. 332

proteus, Herpestes san^ineus, 330
Mungos gracilis, 330
Pteropodidae, 286
Pteropus, 287

aegyptiacus, 286
comorensis, 287
epomophorus, 287

gambianus, 287

Haldemani, 287

Lcachii, 286

pteropus, 287

stramineus, 288

vampyrus, 287

voeltzkowi, 287

Wahlbergi, 287

pteropus, Pteropus, 287

puisa, Bdeogale, 332

Bdeogale crassicauda, 332
Fukus, 347

pulcher, Elephantulus rufescens, 281
Macrosceiides, 281
Pipistrellus, 293
Vesperugo, 293
pulchra, Genetia, 327

Genetta, genetta, 327
pumiUo, Dendromus, 320
Dendromys, 320
Mus, 314
punda, 339

milia, 339

pusillus, Epomophorus, 288
Eptesicus, 293

Gerbillus, 323

choeropotamus daemonis, 340
johnstoni, 340

koiropotamus johnstoni, 340
porcus daemonis, 340

Pouched Mice, 319

Rats, 319

Powell-Cotton’s Oribi 352
Praomys, 315

jacksoni octomastis, 316
tullbergi melanotusy 316
pratensis, Steatomys, 321

Primates, 297

p.-ittwitzi, Heterohyrax brucei, 338
Heterohyrax syriacus, 338
Hystrix africaeaustralis, 306
Proboscidea, 337

Procavia, 338

arborea, 337
frommi, 338

Micropteropus, 288
Vespertilio, 293
Putty-nosed Monkey, 301
pyerythxus, Cercopithecus, 300
pygarga. Antilope, 350
Pygmy Gerbils, 323
Mice, 317

quagga, Equus, 339

quotus, Paraxerus cepapi, 308
Rabbits, 303

radcliffei, Bubalus caffer, 344
raineyi, Acinonyx jubatus, 335, 336
Kobus defassa, 347
Raphiceros sharpei, 353
Raphicerus, 353

campestris neumanni, 353
sharpei sharpei, 353

Rasse, 328

Jan. 1951 G. H. Swynnerton, f.z.s., Checklist of Land Mammals

S37

rasse, Viverra, 328

Viverricula indica, 328
ratcl, Viverra, 326
Ratels, 326
Rattus, 314,315

carrillus weileri, 316

chrysophilus singidae, 314
coucha, 316

coucha durumae, 317

coucha hildebrandtii, 317
coucha itigiensis, 317

coucha microdon, 316

coucha victoriae, 317

fumatus fumatus, 316

jacksoni jacksoni, 315

jacksoni melanotus, 316

jacksoni octomastis, 316

marikquensis, 316

morio, 315

norvegicus norvegicus, 315
rattus alexandrinus, 315

rattus frugivorus, 315

rattus kijabius, 315

rattus rattus, 315

rattus rufescens, 315

rattus v^roughtoni, 315

taitae, 316

tullbergi, 315
weileri, 316

Rattus, Mus, 315

rattus, Rattus rattus, 315
Red Colobus, 302

Forest Duikers, 345
Monkeys, 301

Redunca, 348

arundinum occidentalis, 348

fulvorufula chanleri, 349

redunca tohi, 348

redunca ugandae, 348

redunca wardi, 348

redunca. Antilope, 348
Reduncini, 346
Reedbucks, 348

reicbardi, Arvicanthis abyssimcus, 312
Pelomys, 312

reidae, Tragelaphus scriptus, 343
renatus, Elephantulus, 282

Elephantulus rufescens, 281
revoilii, Nycteris, 290
rex, Lavia, 290

Lavia frons, 290
Rhabdomys, 314

pumilio diminutus, 314
Rhinoceros bicornis, 339
Rhinoceroses, 339

Rhinocerotidae, 339
Rhinogale, 332

melleri, 332
Rhinolophidae, 291
Rhinolophus, 291

augur zambesiensis, 291

caffer, 292

darlingi darlingi, 291

deckenii, 291

eloquens, 291

ferrum-equinum 291

fumigatus exsul, 291

geofifroyii zambesiensis, 291
GIgas, 292

Hildebrandti eloquens, 291
hildebrandtii hildebrandtii, 291
lobatus, 291
Rhinonax, 283

rhodesiae, Funisciurus annulatus, 306
Heliosciurus gambianus, 306
Rhynchocyon, 282

adersi,
cirnei,

cirnei hendersoni,
cirnei macrurus,
cirnei swynnertoni,
chrysopygus,

Hendersoni,
macrurus,

Petcrsi,
petersi adersi,
petersi fischeri,
petcrsi mclanurus,
petersi petersi,
swynnertoni,

Rhynchogale, 332

caniceps, 332
Rhynchotragus, 354

kirki nyikac, 354
kirkii nyikae, 354
kirkii thomasi, 354
thomasi, 354
Rift Valley Swamp Rat, 322

Roan Antelope, 349
robertsi, Cephalophus, 345

Cephalophus natalensis, 345
Gazella grand, 355
Rock Hares, 303
rabbits, 338
Rodenda, 304

rooseveld, Hippotragus niger, 349
Ozanna, 349

rosalia, Arvicanthis dorsalis, 313

Lemniscomys griselda, 313
roualeyni, Tragelaphus scriptus, 343
Rousette Bats, 286
Rousettus, 286

i queue, 288
angolensis, 287
kempi, 286

lanosus, 286
leachii, 286

Rovuma Four-toed Elephant Shrew, 282
roviunae, Petrodromus rovumae, 282
ruber, Hipposideros, 292

rubescens, Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 312
Atilax paludinosus, 331
Mungos paludinosus, 331
rubra, Phyllorhina, 292
ruddi, Pronolagus, 303
rilppellii, Vespertilio, 293
rufescens, Herpestes ornatus, 330
Herpestcs sanguineus, 330

Mus', 315

Rattus rattus, 315
Rufiji Blue Monkey, 300
rufomitratus, Colobus, 302
Rufous Leaf-nosed Bat, 292
Mouse-eared Bat, 292

Spectacled Elephant Shrew, 281
rufiila, Helogale undulata, 330
Ruminantia, 341

rupestris, Macroscelides, 281

283

282

283

283

283

283

283

283

283

283

283

283

283

283

G. H. SWYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

Rustj'-headed Serotine Bat, 293
nosed Rats, 311

rutilus, Sciuras, 309

Ruttus, 315

ruvanensis, Orytceropus afer, 336

Ruvu Four-toed Elephant Shrew, 282
ruwanae, Gazella thomsonii, 353

Ruwenzori Giant Rat, 320

Golden Mole, 280

Red Colobus, 302

Sable Antelope, 349
Saccostomus, 319

campestris, 319

campestris elegans, 319
elegans, 319

sacer, Suncus, 285

sacralis, Crocidura, 285

sagulata, Mellivora, 326

Mellivora capensis, 326

salutans, Paraxerus ochraceus, 308

sange, 281

sansibarica, Crocidura bicolor,
sapiens. Homo, 302

Sassabys, 350

saturatus, Xerus, 309

Xerus rutilus, 309

Scaly Ant-eaters, 302

-tailed Flying Squirrels, 309

schillingsi, Oreotragus, 352

Oreotragus oreotragus, 352
schistacea, Crocidura fumosa, 284

Schmidti, Cercopithecus, 301

schmidti, Cercopithecus nictitans, 301
scho5nsis, Epomophorus, 288

schrcibersii, Vespertilio, 295

schulzi, Connochaetus albojubatus, 351
Hylochoerus, 341
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni, 341

scbusteri, Cephalophus, 346

Dendrohyrax terricola, 337
Dendrohyrax validus, 337
Guevei caerulus, 346
schwarzi, Civettictis civetta, 328
schweinfurthii, Pan troglodytes, 302
Schweinfurthii, Troglodytes, 302
Sciuridae, 306
Sciuromorpha, 306
Sciurus, 306, 310

annulatus, 306

brachyotus, 309

cepapi, 307

cepapi aruscensis, 308

emini, 307

mutabilis, 307

nyansae, 307

ochraceus, 308

ocularis, 310

palliatus suahelieus, 308
pauli, 308

poensis, 307

rutilus, 309

undulatus, 307

scoparia. Antilope, 352

Scoteinus, 294

schlieffeni albiventer, 294
schlieffenii albiventer, 294
scotmus, Minioptcrus, 295

Vesperugo, 295

VoL.

Scotophila, 294
Scotophilus, 294

borbonicus, 294

emarginatus, 294

kuhlii, 294

nigrita colias, 294

nigritus colias, 294

nigritus dinganii, 294
viridis viridis, 294

scotti, Thallomys, 314

Thallomys damarensis, 314
scrota, Sus, 340

selousi, Acomys, 319

Selous’s Spiny Mouse, 319

semipalmatus, Aulacodus, 305
Semiiocebus albigena johnstoni, 298
Semnopithecus aibogularis, 300
senegalensis. Galago, 297

Taphozous, 289

senganus, Adenota vardonii, 348
Cobus, 348

serengetae, Gazella grand, 355
Serenged Defassa Waterbuck, 347
Serotine Bats, 293

Serval Cats, 334

serval, Felis, 334

Shaggy Swamp Rats, 311
Shamba Rats, 316

sharpei, Colobus, 301

Colobus angolensis, 301

Raphiceros, 353

Raphicerus campestris, 353
Sharpe’s Grysbok, 353

Sheath-tailed Bats, 288

Sheep, 355

shirensis, Cephalophus abyssinicus, 346
iMacroxus, 307

Short-snouted Elephant Shrev/, 24

Shrews,

283

sikayaisi, Mus,

318

silvifailtrhi. Antilope,

345

simk'a.

335

simtamangu.

334

Siroia atys.

298

cynocephalus.

298

diana,

299

patas.

301

sphinx.

298

troglodytes.

302

Simocyoninae,

325

simoni, Gerbillus,

323

Simple-nosed Bats,

292

singidae, Aethomys chrysophilus 314

Rattus chrysophilus, 314
Sitatungas, 343

“ Skunks,” 331

Slow Lemurs, 297
Small-eared Hollow-faced Bat, 290

smidui, Graphiurus, 311

Smithii, M yoxus, 311

Smutsia, 303

Snake Muishonds, 326

Soft-furred Rats, 315

soko mtu, 302

Sorex caerulaeus, 286

cerulaeus, 286

crassicaudus, 285

leucodon 283

Jan. 1951

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

389

Soricidae, 283
Sotik Clawless Otter, 327
South African Oribi, 352
Southern Lesser Kudu, 342
Reedbuck,

spadix, Cephalophus, 345
spalax, Heliophobius, 304
spasma, Vespertilio, 290
speckei, Tragelaphus, 343
Spectacled Elephant Shrews, 281
Spekei, Arvicanthis, 313

spekei, Lemniscomys barbarus, 313
Speke’s Sitatunga, 343

Striped Grass Mouse, 313
spekii, Euryceros, 343

Limnotragus spekii, 343
Tragelaphus, 343
speoris, Vespertilio, 291
sphinx, Papio, 298
Simia, 298
Spiny Mice, 319

splendens, Bathyergus, 322
Split-nosed Bat, 288

Spotted Hyaenas, 333
necked Otter, 326
Spring Haas, 310
Squirrels, 306
ssongae, Heterohyrax brucei, 338
Heterohyrax syriacus, 338

Steatomys,

321

loveridgei.

321

muanzae.

321

pratensis.

321

Steinboks,

353

Stenonycteris,

286

Stink Muishonds,

325

stramineus, Pteropus,

288

Strepsiceros,

342

frommi,

imberbis australis,

strepsiceros frommi, 342
suara, 354
strepsiceros. Antilope, 342
Strepsicerotini, 342

striata. Hyaena, 333

striatus, Bradypus, 325

Lemniscomys striatus, 313
Striped Grass Mice, 313
Hyaenas, 333

stuhlmanni, Cercopithecus mitis, 300
Chlorotalpa, 280

Chrysochloris,

Dendrohyrax arboreus, 337
Genetta, 328

Genetta tigrina, 328

Procavia, 337

suahelae, Crocidura, 285

suahelica, Genetta, 327

Genetta tigrina, 327

Leggada tenella, 318

suahelicus, Fehs leopardus, 335

Mus tenellus, 318

Paraxerus palliatus, 308

Sciurus palliatus, 308

suara, Aepyceros melampus, 354

Strepsiceros, 354

subrufiis, Eliomys murinus, 311
Sudan Wart Hog, 340

Sudani, T aphozo” 289

suguya, 354

Suidae, 340

Suiformes, 340

sultan, Petrodromus sultan, 282
sultani, Petrodromus, 282

Suncus, 285

caerulaeus, 286

leucura, 286

lixus aequatorius, 286
lixus lixus, 286

murinus, 286

sacer, 235

varilla minor, 286

Sundevalli, Cephalophus pygmaeus, 346
sundevalli, Guevei caerulus, 346
sungae, Otomys denti, 322
sungura, 302
Sunis, 353

surdaster, Grammomys surdaster, 311
Thamnomys, 311

Sus, 340

aethiopicus, 340
koiropotamus, 340
scrofa, 340

Swaliili Bohor Reedbuck, 348
Bush Genet, 327
Common Waterbuck, 347
Giant Rat, 320
Pygmy Mouse, 318
Shamba Rat, 317
swala granti, 355
pala, 354
tomi, 355
twiga, 354
Swamp Rats, 321
swaythlingi, Tatera robusta, 323
Taterona, 323
Swaythling’s Gerbil, 323

swynnertoni, Rhynchocyon, 283

Rhynchocyon cirnei, 283
Swynnerton’s Chequered Elephant Shrew, 283
Forest Squirrel, 307
Sykes’s Blue Monkey, 300
sylvatica. Antilope, 342
Sylvicapra, 346

abyssinica nyansae, 346

grimmia, 346

grimmia desertl, 346

monticola, 346

Syncerus, 344

caflfer calfer, 344
syriacus, Hyrax, 338

taborae, Pedetes cafer, 310

Tatera leucogaster, 324
Taterona, 324

Tachyoryctes, 322

ankoliae, 322
daemon, 322
Tachyoryctinae, 322

Tadarida, 295

angolensis, 296
angolensis orientis, 296
angolensis osborni, 296
ansorgei, 295

bivittata, 296

brachyptera, 296
cisturus, 295

limbata, 296

393

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.Z.S.j Checklist of Land Mammals

Fol. XX

fulminansj 295

major, 296

martiensseni, 297

pumila naivashae, 296
Taita Creek Rat, 312

Dikdik, 354

Forest Dormouse, 310

Pygmy Gerbil, 323

Shamba Rat, 317

Single-striped Grass Mouse, 313
Soft-furred Rat, 316

Striped Grass Mouse, 313

Unstriped Grass Mouse, 312

Wild Cat, 334

taitae, Epimys, 316

Felis lybica, 334

Felis ocreata, 334

Rattus, 316

Tamiscus, 307

vulcanorum vulcanorum, 309
tandala kubwa, 342

ndogo, 342

Tanganyika Giraffe, 342

Greater Kudu, 342
Impala, 354

Steinbok, 353

Taphozous, 289

mauritianus mauritianus, 289
nudiventris, 289
perforatus, 289
senegalensis, 289
Sudani, 289

Tatera, 323

bohmi varia,
leucogaster cosensi, 323
leucogaster taborae, 324
nyassae loveridgei, 323
robusta muansae 323
robusta swaythlingi, 323
robusta vicina, 323
schinzi loveridgei, 323
varia, 324

Taterona cosensi, 323

swaythlingi, 323
taborae, 324

taurina. Antilope, 351

Taurotragus, 343

oryx billingae, 344

oryx livingstonii, 343
oryx pattersonianus, 344
taurus. Bos, 344

taya, 352

tembo, 337

temminckii, Manis, 303

Vespertilio, 293

Temminck’s Ground Pangolin, 303
tenebrosus, ArvicanthJs abyssinicus, 312
teniotis, Cephalotes, 295

tenuipinnis, Eptesicus, 294

Vesperus, 294

tenuis, Bdeogale, 332

Bdeogale crassicauda, 332

tephrosceles, Colobus, 302

Colobus badius, 302

termes, Proteles cristatus, 332

terricola, Dendrohyrax, 337

Dendrohyrax validiis, 337
tessellatum, Papio, 299

tessellatus, Papio anubis, 299

tetradactylus, Petrodromus tetradactylus, 7^2
Thallom_ys, 314

damarensis scotti, 314
scotti, 314

Thamnomys surdaster, 311

Thaphozous, 289

thJkae, Kobus ellipsiprym_nus, 347
thomasi, Adenota kob, 347
Cobus, 347

Rhynchotragus, 354
Rhynchotragus kirkii 354
Thomsonii, Gazella, 355

thomsonii, Gazella thomsonii, 355
Thomson’s Gazelle, 355

Thos, 324

adustus notatus, 324

aureus bea, 324

mesomelas mcmillani, 324
vulgaris, 324

Thryonom.ys, 305

gregorianus gregorianus, 305
swindcrianus variegatus, 305
timidus, Lepus, 303
tippelsidrchi, Giraffa, 342

Giraffa Camelopardalis, 343
tohe, 348

tohi, Redunca redunca, 348
Tomb Bats, 289

Topis, 350

Toro Single-striped Grass Mouse, 314
Tragelaphus, 342

dama, 342

massaicus, 343

scriptus dama, 342

scriptus massaicus, 343

scriptus olivaceus, 343

scriptus reidac, 343

scriptus roualeyni, 343

silvaticus voualeyni, 343
speckei, 343

Spekii, 343

Tree Civets, 328
Hyraxes; 327
Rats, 311

Triaenops, 292

afer, 292

persicus, 292
tricolor, Canis, 325

Trident Bat, 292

troglod3ttes, Anthropopithecus, 302
Simia, 302

Troglodytes Schweinfurthii, 302
tropicalis, Chlorotalpa, 280

Tropicolobus gudoviusi, 302

True Dogs, 324

Hares, 303
Rabbits, 304
Rats, 315

Tubulidentata, 336
tuUbergi, Mus, 315
Rattus, 315
tumbili, 299

Turu Bush Rat, 314
Shamba Rat, 317
twiga, 341

Two-coloured Pipistrelle, 293
Tylopoda, 341

Typical Rats, 315

G. H. SwYNNERTON, F.Z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals

)55

391

Jan. 1951

t3TpicuSj Antilope j 351

Hipposidems caffer, 292
typusj Dendromusj 320

Uasin Gishu Shaggy Swamp Rat, 311
Ufipa Unstriped Grass Mouse, 312
Uganda Blue Duiker, 346

Defassa Waterbuck, 347
Kob, 347
Oribi, 352

Putty-nosed Monkey, 301
ugandae, Cervicapra bohor, 348
Damaliscus korrigum^ 350

Felis lybica, 334

Felis ocreata, 334

Kobus defassa, 347

Kobus unctuosus, 347

Ourebia montana, 352

Ourebia ourebi, 352

Redunca redunca, 348

Ugogo Dikdik, 354

Pygmy Mouse, 318

Rock-rabbit, 338

Spring Haas, 310

Uhehe Red Colobus, 302

Ukamba Bush Rat, 314

Cape Hare, 303

Gerbil, 323

Hedgehog, 280

Meadow Rat, 316

Pygmy Mouse, 317

Serval, 334

Ukinga Rock-rabbit, 338

Swamp Rat, 321

Uluguru Blue Duiker, 346

Golden Mole, 280

undulata, Helogale undulata, 330
undulatus, Herpestes, 330

Heliosciurus gambianus, 307
Sciurus, 307

Unstriped Grass Mice, 312

Unyai iwezi Gerbil, 324

Spring Haas, 310

Topi, 350

Unstriped Grass Mouse, 312
Upog* TO Rock-rabbit, 338

ursinii, Vespertilio, 295

Urunf u Rock-rabbit, 338

Usamjara Swamp Rat, 322

Usangu Blue Duiker, 345

Topi, 350

Usukuma Bush Rat, 314

Fat Mouse, 321

Gerbil, 323

Shamba Rat, 317

Striped Grass Mouse, 313
Unstriped Grass Mouse, 312
uthmoelleri, Dendromus pumilio, 321
Uzinza Spectacled Elephant Shrew, 281

validus, Dendrohyrax validus, 337
vampyrus, Pteropus, 287
Vansire, 331

Vansonia, 293

varia, Tatera, 324

Tatera bdluni, 324

variegatus, Aulacodus, 305
Hypudaeus,

Thryonomys swinderianus, 305
velox, Acinonyx jubatus, 335, 336

velutina, Crocidura, 284

Crocidura hirta, 284
venatica, Felis, 335
Venator, Acinon3^, 335
venustus, Myotis welwitschii, 293

Petrodromus matschiei, 282

Petrodromus tetradactylus, 282
Vespertilio, 293

Vespertilio, 287, 295

borbonicus, 294

emarginatus, 295

fuscus, 293

hardwickii, 295

hispidus, 289, 290
murinus, 292

myotis, 292

nanus, 293

pipistrellus, 293

pusillus, 293

riippellii, 293

schreibersii, 295

spasma, 290

speoris, 291

temminckii, 293

ursinii, 295

vampirus niger, 287
Vampyrus helvus, 288
venustus, 293

Vespertilionidae, 292

Vespertilioninae, 292

Vesperugo grandidieri, 293

pulcher, 293

scotinus, 295

Vesperus tenuipinnis, 294

vexillarius, Funisciurus, 307

Heliosciurus, 307

viator, Cricetomys gambianus, 319
vicina, Leggada bella, 318

Tatera robusta, 323

vicinus, Gerbillus, 323

Mus bellus, 318

victoriae, Lepus victoriae, 304

Mus microdon, 317

Rattus coucha, 317

victoria-nj ansae, Heterohyrax brucei, 338

Victorina, Helogale victorina, 330

virescens, Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 312

virgatus, Otocyon, 325

Otocyon megalotis, 325

viridis, Nycticejus, 294

Scotophilus viridis, 294

vittatus, Hipposideros, 292

Viverra, 326, 329

binotata,

328

capensis.

326

civetta,

328

civetta orientalis.

328

cristata.

332

genetta.

327

ichneumon.

329

mungo.

331

orientalis.

328

rasse.

328

ratel.

326

G. H. SwYNNERTONj F.z.S., Checklist of Land Mammals Jan. 1951

^5^

-392

zibetha, 328
zoriUa, 325
Viverricula, 328

indica rasse, 328
Viverridae, 327
Viverrinae, 327

voeltzkowi, Pteropus, 287

Von der Deckcn’s Horseshoe Bat, 291

Shrew, 284

vosseleri, Dendrohyrax terricola, 337

voualeyni, Tragelaphus silvaticus, 343

vulcanorum, Paraxerus, 309

Tamiscus vulcanorum, 309

vulgaris, Panthera, 334
Thos, 324

wahlbergi, Epomophorus wahlbergi, 287

Wahlbergi, Pteropus, 287

walleri, Gazella, 354

Litocranius walleri, 354
Waller’s Gazelle, 354

Wardi, Cervicapra redunca, 348
wardi, Redunca redunca, 348
Wart Hogs, 340

Waterbucks, 346

weileri, Rattus, 316

Rattus carillus, 316
wertheri, Orycteropus, 336
Western-white-bearded Wildebeest, 351
White-bellied Free-tailed Bat, 296

breasted Free-tailed Bat, 296

cheeked Spiny Mouse, 319

tailed Mongooses, 331

toothed Shrews, 283

winged Serotine Bat, 294

whytei, Cryptomys hottentotus, 305
Georychus, 305
Lepus, 304

Whyte’s Hare, 304

Wide-horned Grant’s Gazelle, 355
Wild Boars, 340
Cats, 333

wilsoni, Acomys wilsoni, 319
Wilson’s Spiny Mouse, 319

WTOughtoni, Nyctiaomus, 297
Rattus rattus, 315
Wroughton’s Black Rat, 315

Xerini, 309
Xerus, 309

lucifer, 307

rutilus saturatus, 309
saturatus, 309

Yellow Baboon, 299

haired Fruit Bats, 288
winged Bats, 290
yulei, Funisciurus, 308
Paraxerus cepapi, 308

Zambesi Blesmol, 304

Four-toed Elephant Shrew, 282
Little Red Shrew, 284

Shamba Rat, 316

zambesiensis, Rhinolophus augur, 291
Rhinolophus geoffroyii,291
Zanzibar Black-and-red Elephant Shrew, 283
Blue Duiker, 346

Bush-baby, 298

Four-toed Mongoose, 332
Giant Rat, 320

Greater Galago, 297

Leopard, 335

Red Duiker, 345

Suni, 353

zanzibaricus. Galago, 298

Galago senegalensis, 298
zebra, Equus, 339

Zebras, 339

zibetha, Viverra, 328
zinki, Otomys typus, 321
Zorilla, 325

albinucha, 326
zorilla, Viverra, 325
Zorillas, 325
Zorillr, 325

393

Jan. 1951 E. S. Brown, b.a., f.r.e.s., Collection of Aquatic Hemiptera

A COLLECTION OF AQUATIC HEMIPTERA FROM KENYA
By E. S. BROWN, B.A., F.R.E.S.

During a recent visit to Kenya, Prof. G. D, Hale Carpenter made a collection of
aquatic Hemiptera, which he has kindly handed over to me for examination; I am grate-
ful to him for the opportunity of examining and placing on record the contents.

The collection (except the specimens from stations D and E) was made in the
Kitale District, Trans-Nzoia, durmg January and February, 1949. It comprises 176
specimens, belonging to 18 species in the families Notoaecadse, Pleid^, Belostomatida:,
Corixidae and Naucorid$, Some Nepidae were observed, but not coUeaed. All species
represented are previously described, although some are not too v/ell known.

List of collecting stations

For the following details of the six habitats from which samples were taken 1
am indebted to Prof. Carpenter. On tl^e whole they seem to represent a good range
of habitat-types.

(A) Reservoir, Kapretwa Estate, c. 6,700 ft. A deep piece of w ater, with a shal-
lower margin away from the dam. Vegetation included water-lilies and a species
of Potamogeton or allied plant. A fully exposed body of water, unshaded
by trees.

(B) Stream feeding the reservoir described above. It enters through a narrow
strip of “ gallery forest ” and runs (or trickles according to season) quite
swiftly, with small pools somewhat choked with weed. Shaded by trees.

(C) Anotiier reservoir si^ar to A, formed by damming a small forest stream,
c, 6,300 ft. Choked with Azolla.

(D) Turkwell River, running from heights of xMt. Elgon to the hot plains below.
In rainy season a large river, but reduced at the time of the collection to
residual, very stagnant, pools under the banks and a small trickling stream
in a sandy bed. The collection was made in the pools at about 4,400 ft.
These pools were very opaque and swarming with beetles and bugs.

(E) Rock pool on escarpment, Suk. Pool fed by a tiny stream among rocks, c.
5,500 ft. Some of the Hemiptera were in weed in the pool itself, otliers at the
overflow which was in the form of a small weed-choked stream,

(F) Mountain stream., Kaboyon, c. 6,500 ft. A tributary of the Nzoia; torrential
stream flowing from Mt. Elgon, with trout in its upper cooler parts. Hemip-
tera collected in residual pools which were scattered here and there, shaded
by gallery forest.

List of species,

NOTONECTID^.

Anisops pellucem Gerst., £ splendida Hutch,

A, 1$,

A. amaryllis Hutch.

B, 1 ^,1?; C, F, 2^^, 1$.

There is considerable variation in colour in these specimens. The darker ones
are typical; from B and C there are paler specimens, showing some resemblance to
A. eros Hutch.

A. varia scutellata Fieb,

E, Ic?,

A, jaczewskii Hutch,

D, 15$$.

A. psyche Hutch,

A, Ic?, 5$$.

A. hancocki Hutch.

D, 1(J', 2$$. These are somewhat darker than the type; the dorsum abdominis is black.

394

VOL. XS

E. S. BroWs B-A., p.r.b.s.5 Collection of Aquatic Hemiptera
Enithares sobria StaL

A, 5<S6, 8??; B, 29$; C, IJi D, 4c?cJ, 8?$, 2 nymphs,

E. V-flavum Rent.

Aj 19; B, 1(J, 49$, 5 nymphs; E, 699> H nymphs.

These specimens show great colour variation, some being dark and well marked,
and others pale creamy grey, with intermediates between the extremes; those from
B were all more or less pale, that from A very pale, while of the six samples from E, 5
were dark and 1 was pale. The genitalia of males were typical for this species.

PLEIDiE
Plea pullula Stai.

A, 18.

P. piccanina. Hutch.

A, 10.

According to the present systematic position of the genus Pleuy these specimens are
referable to the species shown above, the distinction being bas^ almost entirely on
size (Hutchinson 1929). This is obviously unsatisfactory, since there is a more or less
continuous variation between the largest and smallest. The two extremes appear to be
very different insects, and would certainly be regarded as separate species, but the
intermediates cause one to wonder whether we have not here one very variable species.
Dissection of male and female genitalia provided no distinguishing features, and their
identity must rest as given until a thorough revision of the African species has been
undertaken.

BELOSTOMATIDiE.

Sphaerodema nepoides (Fabr.)

A, 19.

CORIXIDiE.

Agraptocorixa dakarica Jacz.

A, IcJ.

Sigara (Tropocorixa) sjostedti Kirk,

A, 299i B, 19; F, 19.

S. (Tropocorixa) chinana (Hutch.).

D, 1099.

Tliis species was described by Hutchinson (1928) from Kampala, Uganda, and
there do not appear to be any later records. He had only a single male and female on
which to base his description; the longer series of specimens recorded here agree very
closely with his description, which it is possible to supplement with a few additional
details as follows. The pronotum sometimes has 7 instead of 8 transverse pale lines; the
third is very frequently divided in the middle, but not always; the last three show only
a slight tendency to anastomose, and this only in some specimens. The strigil, in two
specimens examined, has five rows of teeth instead of six as given by Hutchinson. The
length of the specimens was as follows: $ 5.7-6.0 mm. (4 measured), 9 6.0-6.3 mm.
(8 measured).

Hutchinson did not describe the male genital capsule and left clasper, and th^e
are here figured (Fig.l) since they are of considerable taxonomic interest. The distal
process of the capsule is complex, with an outgrow th arising before the tip asymmetrically
to one side; in this it resemibles Sigara sjostedti (Kirk.) as figured by Lundblad (1928)
except that the outgrowth is less well developed, less complex and less heavily chitinised
than in that species ; these species therefore both differ from most subgenera of Sigara
in having a complex instead of a simple distal process to the genital capsule; the sinular-
, ity dees not end here, for the structure of tiie penis sheath is also somewhat similar.

Jan. 1951 E. S. Brown, b.a., f.r.s.s,. Collection of Aquatic Hemiptera 395

but in this case it is S. chinana which shows the greater complexity, as can be seen by
comparing Fig. 1 A with Lundblad’s figure. It is, however, in the claspers that these
species show the great^t affinity; the right dasper of 5’. chinana has been figured by
Hutchinson, and both claspers of S. sjostedti by Lundblad {loc. cit.)i the left dasper of
S. chinana is here figured in three aspects, two of which are the same as those depicted
by Lundblad for 5. sjostedti', it will be seen from comparison of these figures that the
resemblance between the two species is very dose, and especially in the somewhat bizarre
form of the right dasper; in this latter character, and in others as well, there is clearly
affinity with the subgenus Tropocorixa Hutchinson (1940), and doubtless this is where
S. chinana and S. sjostedti belong.

Fig. l.—Sigam {Tropocorixa) chinana (Hutch.). A, genital capsule
from side; d.p., distal process; s, penis sheath. B-D, different aspects
of left dasper; B, from above; C, from left side; D, from right side.

396

VOL. XX

E. S. BsowNj B.A., F.R.E.S., Collection of Aquatic Hemiptera
NAUCORIDiE,

Naucoris (subg. Naucormlla) obscuratus kenyalis Poiss.

B, IS, 1?._ _

Laccocoris limigenus Stal.

D, 1$, 2 nymphs.

Macrocoris flavicollis Sign.

A, ASS, 7??.

M. nigropunctatus nigropunctatus Mont.

A,3JJ,6??.

Notes on Geographical Distribution.

I have been unable to trace previous records from Kenya for seven of the species
represented (Anisops jaczewskii, A. hancocki, Enithares V-flavum, Sphaerodema nepoides,
Sigara chinana, Laccocoris limigenus, Macrocoris nigropunctatus nigropunctatus). One
would expect, however, from their known distribution to find these species there.

If we exclude the species of Plea, of which the taxonomy is in an unsatisfactory state,
the remainder may be grouped as follows:

(i) Species with a wide African distribution: Anisops varia scutellata, Enithares
sobria (not extending to extreme north).

(h) Species ranging across central Africa and extending to the north: Sphae--
rodema ncpoides (north to Turkey, and occurring also in Madagascar).

(iii) Species ranging across central Africa: Agraptocorixa dakarica, Macrocoris
nigropunctata nigropunctata (this form is recorded hitherto apparently only
from Nigeria).

(iv) Species known only from East Africa: Anisops amaryllis, A. hancocki (Uganda),
Sigara sjostedti, S. chinana (Uganda), Naucoris obscuratus kenyalis.

(v) Species ranging across central Africa and extending also towards the south:
Anisops pellucens, A. jaczewskii, A. psyche, Enithares V-flavum, laccocoris
limigenus, Macrocoris flavicollis.

From this analysis it can be seen that the bulk of the collection consists of species
with an East African, tending towards a southern distribution: these elements comprise
slightly over two-thirds of the total.

Notes on Ecology

It is dangerous to base ecological conclusions on insufficietit data, and therefore
no attempt will be made to extract an unjustified amount of information from collections
from only six bodies of water. These latter may be grouped into three types: (1) large
bodies ofwater, still or nearly so (A, C); (2) small pools and streams (B, E) ; (3) residual
pools formed by drying up of larger streams or rivers (D, F). The following deductions
regarding the fauna of these types may perhaps be justified, but should be accepted with
caution in view of the scanty data available.

(1) Large bodies of water. In the Kapretwa Reservoir (A) Enithares sobria. Plea
spp., Sigara sjostedti, Macrocoris flavicollis, M. nigropuncatus, and possibly
Anisops psyche are numerous enough to suggest that this is a favoured type of
habitat; in the other reservoir (C) few bugs were taken but Anisops amaryllis
was well represented.

(2) Small pools and streams. Enithares V-flavum was numerous in both B and E,
and in both it was evidently breeding since the nymphs found were almost
certainly of this species ; it is therefore probable that this is a running water species ;
this is supported by Hutchinson’s statement (1929) that it occurs in the pools and
slower running parts of streams. Its occurrence in small numbers in reservoir

397

Jan. 1951 E. S. Brow, b.a., f.r.s.s.. Collection of Aquatic Hemiptera

A, and that of tlie lake spedes Enithares sobria and Sigara sjdstedti, also in small
numbers, in habitats B and E is probably evidence of the similarity of these trvo
types of ecofauna; this is what one would expect by analogy with European
water-bugs, where there is considerable overlap between the faimas of lake and
rivers.

(3) Residual pools. The inhabitants of these are probably immigrants; in the dry
season the pools left by the drying up of rivers serve as “ traps ” for migrating
aquatic insects; this is supported by the absence of nymphs, and by the extra-
ordinary sex-ratio for Anisops jaczewskii in D (1^, 15$$); Aere is in some species
of water-bugs a strong disparity in the sex-ratio of migrating individuals. One
cannot therefore safely make ecological deductions from these pools, other tlian
the fact that the species found therein (Anisops jaczewskii, A. hanckoci, A.
amaryllis, Enithares sobria, Sigara chinana, S. sjSstedti and Laccocoris limigenus)
are very probably migratory, and may therefore be expeaed to be found in a
wide range of habitats.

Acknowledgements. I wish to extend my sincerest thanks to Prof. G. D. Hale
Carpenter for the opportunity to examine this collection and also to Dr. R. Poisson
who has helped me in the identification of some of the more difficult species.

References:

Hutchinson, G-E-, 1928-_“Notes on certain African and Madagascan Water-Bugs

Hutchinson, G.E. 1929- “A revision oftheNotonectidae and Corixldae of South Africa”
Ann- S. Afir. Mas-, 25(3): 355-474.

Hutchinson, G.E. 1940. “A revision of the Corixidae of India and Adjacent Regions”.

Trans. Connea. Acad. Arts & Sci., 33;339-476.

Lundbhd, G., 1928 “ZurnSherea Keimtnis einiger in Ost- Africa von. Professor
Cr. Ynjve Sjostedt gesammdter Corixiden”. Ark f. zooL, 20 A (8): 1-11.

398

Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., e.r.e.s., African Staphylinidcs Vol. xx
NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN STAPHYLINIDffi
Part II

by MALCOLM CAMERON, R.N., M.B., F.R.E.S.

1. LEPTOLINUS FUSCIPENNIS sp.n.

Moderately shining, red, the elytra blackish, the reflexed sides and posterior margin
(narrowly and obscurely) reddish yellow, the abdomen often more or less extensively
infuscate. Antennae red. Legs reddish yellow. Length 6 mm. Head much longer
than broad (3.3:2.5), scarcely widened behind, the posterior angles briefly rounded,
as broad as the thorax, along the middle with nanow shining line, elsewhere closely
and rather coarsely punctured, the punctures here and there confluent. Antennae with
2nd and 3rd segments of equal length, 4th. to 10th. transverse, gradually increasing in
width. Thorax longer than broad (4:2.5), rather broadly impunctate along the middle,
elsewhere more finely and less closely pimctured than the head and with very fine ground
sculpture. Elytra a little shorter than the thorax (3.3:4), slightly longer than broad, with
punctures very similar except at the sides where they are much finer. Abdomen very
finely and rather closely punctured and v/ith fine coriaceous ground sculpture.

Kenya Colony, Naivasha: July, 1937 (H. J. A. Turner.) TypeinB.M.

2. LEPTACINUS LONGIPENNIS sp.n.

Shining; head, thorax and abdomen black, el}rtra pitchy. Thorax with dorsal row of
12 punctures. Antennae reddish brown. Legs reddish yellow. Length 5.5 mm.

A narrow elongate specks. Head a little longer than broad, scarcely widened behind,
broader than the thorax, as broad as the base of elytra; median frontal sulci deep,
rather long, parallel, tlie lateral narrower: front and vertex impunctate, elsewhere with
moderate, not very close punctures; ground sculpture fine, more or less transverse.
Antennae with the 2nd. and 3rd. segments of equal length, 4th. to 10th. transverse,
differing but little. Thorax longer than broad, (3 :2) narrowed towards base with dorsal
row of twelve small close punctures, the sides with a series of seven or eight similar ones ;
ground sculpture as on head. Elytra as long as but broader than the thorax, longer than
broad, (3:2.5) with humeral and sutural rows of small close punctures, between them
with a few scattered ones ; ground sculpture absent. Abdomen impunctate along middle,
at the sides with small moderately close punctures; ground sculpture fine, transversely
strigosc.

Kenya Colony, Kabete: 5,800 feet. December,! 938 Unique. Type in B.M.

3. NUDOBIUS MERUENSIS sp.n.

Moderately shining, entirely black: thorax with dorsal row of threee punctures.
Antennae pitchy. Legs dark, tarsi reddish yellow. Length 9.5 mm. Larger and more robust
than qt(adricep$ Cam. with shorter broader head and less numerous punctures, the
thorax with dorsal row of only three punctures. Head very slightly longer than broad,
quadrate, broader than the thorax and base of elytra, along the middle and before the
base, impunctate, on the disc with elongate, here and there longitudinally confluent
umbilicate punctures; ground sculpture fine, transverse wavy. Antennae with the
penultimate segments about a half broader than long. Thorax longer than broad
(6:4.5.) the sides parallel, emarginate at the middle, with dorsal row of three punctures,
the first iust before the middle, the second and third remote from it and behind the middle,
the sides with a row of four others; ground sculpture as on head. El5rtra as long as
thorax, slightly widened towards apex, a little longer than broad, with very obsolete
sutural and humeral rows of punctures, laterally with smaller and closely placed punc-
tures; ground sculpture absent. Abdomen impunaate along the middle, elsewhere with
a few small scattered punctures, the ground sculpture fine and transverse.

Kenya Colony, Mera July 1943 (V. G- Van Someren). Unique. Type in B.M.

399

Jan. 1951 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., d.r.e.s., African Staphylinidcs

4. NUDOBIUS MAGNUS sp.n.

Shining black, the elytra with slight blue reflex. Antennae with the 1st. segmen*
reddish brown. Legs black, the posterior tarsi reddish yellow. Length 13.5 miir
Readily recognised by the large size. Differs from morosus Tott. in the larger size, the
head widened behind and the ground sculpture. Head subtriangular, distinctly widened
behind, very slightly broader than long, the posterior angles rounded, distinctly broader
than the thorax: eyes very small, median frontal sulci rather long and deep, the lateral
much shorter, very oblique; sides practically impunctate, elsewhere with somewhat
irregularly distributed larger and smaller punctures, towards each side with a group of
three larger triangularly placed ones: ground sculpture distinct transverse striate.
Antennae with the 3rd. segment longer than the 2nd., 4th. to 10th. transverse, the 5th.
to 10th. differing but little. Thorax a little longer than broad, narrowed towards base,
the sides arcuately emarginate about the middle, dorsal row of four to six moderate
punctures, at the sides with four others widely separated; ground sculpture as on head.
Elytra longer and broader than the thorax, with a row of small closely placed punctures
externally, elsewhere with larger irregularly distributed ones; ground sculpture absent.
Abdomen with a few small scattered punctures and very fine transverse ground sculp-
ture.

Kenya Colony, N.W. Mau: 8-10,000 feet. Jan. 1946, (Type in B.M.). Katamayu, 1942.
This species must be very near nigrocyaneus Chap, but the abdomen is black without
bronze reflex.

5. XANTHOLINUS (S. Str.) P0LITUS sp.n.

Shining black. Thorax with dorsal row of five large punctures. Antennse biacitish
the first segment dark brown. Femora and tarsi reddish yellow, the tibiae infuscate.
Length 6 mm. In colour and build very similar to punctulaws Payk. The antennae
similarly constructed but thinner and also differing as follows ; the head is more widened
behind, the frontal grooves deeper and longer, the punctures much larger and less
numerous, thorax with the punctures of the dorsal row much larger, the elytra much more
sparingly punctured on the disc Internal to the dorsal series, abdomen with fewer and
larger punctures: the whole insect without trace of ground sulpture.

Kenya Colony, Lukenia; January 1941. Unique. Type In B.M.

6. XANTHOLINUS (S. Str.) TRIPUNCTATUS. sp.n.

Shining black, the elytra brownish yellow on the disc. Thorax with dorsal row of
three punctures. Antenna dark reddish brown. Anterior legs pitchy, the middle and
posterior with brownish yellow femora, all the tarsi reddish yellow. Length 6.75 inm.

This species would appear to be closely related to remotus Epp. but to differ in the
colour of the elytra and puncturation of the sides of thorax. Head slightly longer than
broad, slightly widened behind, the posterior angles rounded, median sulci deep, almost
parallel, the lateral shorter and narrower, the front vertex and post-ocular region impunc-
tate, elsewhere with moderate umbilicate punctures, here and there confluent. Antenna
with the 2nd. and 3rd. segments of equd length, 4th. to 9th. transverse, differing but
little. Thorax longer than broad (4:3.5) as broad as the head, narrowed towards
base, with dorsal row of three punctures, the two anterior close together, the 3rd. widely
separated from them, at the sides with a group of three equally large ones. Elytra a little
longer and broader than the thorax, with a humeral row of seven or eight small punctures
along the suture with a row of smaller punemres, the surface between practically impunc-
tate, the reflexed sides with a row of dose punctures. Abdomen with a few small scat-
tered punctures. The whole insect without ground sculpture.

Kenya Colony, Naro More : January 194 L Unique. Tjq)e in B.M.

400 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.b.s., African StaphyKnidcs Vol. xx

7. XANTHOLINUS INOPINATUS sp.n.

Shining, black, the elytra reddish yellow. Thorax with dorsal row of four or five
punctures. Antenna: with the 1st. segment reddish brovra, 2nd. reddish yellow, the
ibhowing black. Legs reddish yellow* Length 5 mm. Readily recognised by the shape
of the head and the unusually long middle and posterior tarsi. Head very slightly
longer than broad, subquadrate, as broad as the el^a at base. The temples narrowed
towards the base, the posterior angles rounded, the eyes large, a little shorter than the
temples; median sulci moderately long, narrow, the lateral oblique, shorter; front
and vertex impunctate, elsewhere with small moderately close punctures. Antennae
with 3rd. segment a little shorter than 2nd., 4th. to 10th. transverse, gradually increasing
in width, the penultimate about twice as broad as long. Thorax a little longer than broad
(3:2.3), the sides distinctly emarginate in the posterior half much as in the subgenus
F«/dc, lateral series of punctures seven or eight in number. Elytra longer than broad
(4:3), with small, moderately close punctures scarcely in series. Abdomen finely and
very sparingly punctured and with a fine transverse ground sculpture. The fore-
parts without ground sculpture,

Uganda, Kampala 10th Dec. 1920 (A. F. J. Gedye). Unique. Type in B.M.

8. GAUROPTERUS GEDYEIsp.n.

Black, moderately shining. Thorax without dorsal row of punctures, near the
anterior angles with a puncture. Antennte black, the first two segments shining, dark
reddish brown, femora and tarsi reddish yellow. Tibiae blackish, length 10 mm.
Head quadrate as long as broad, as broad as the thorax, the posterior angles with a minute
tooth, median and lateral grooves short, united by a fine stria directed fowards and inward
from the latter; the base with a pair of widely separated punctures, behind the eye
with two parallel longitudinal sulci, the space between impunctate; ground sculptures
absent. Antennate gradually increasing in width from the 4th. segment, the penul-
timate about a half broader than long. Thorax longer than broad (6:5), the sides feebly
sinuate and retracted behind, with a single puncture at the anterior angle; ground sculp-
ture absent. Elytra as long as the thorax, slightly widened behind, as long as broad
posteriorly, w'ith sutural and humeral rows, each of four or five large superficial impres-
sions. Abdomen finely and very sparingly punctured. The whole insect without ground
sculpture.

Uganda, Budongo Forest. October 1936. (A. F. J. Gedye). Unique. Ty-pe in B.M.

10. PHILONTHUS NAIROBIANUS sp.n.

Shining black, the elytra yellow: thorax with dorsal row of four small punctures:
abdomen strongly iridescent. Antennte black, the first segment reddish yellow. Fem-
ora reddish yellow, tibiae and tarsi infuscate. Length 9 mm.

A little narrower and smaller than qffinis Roth., the head and thorax without metallic
reflex, the former narrow, suborbicular: antenna much longer and thinner, the penul-
timate segments a little longer than broad, the punctures of the dorsal row much smaller,
puncturation of elytra a little closer; abdomen scarcely as closely punctured. First
segment of posterior tarsus longer than the last.

Kenya Colony, Nairobi: alt. 5,500 feet. January, 1939. (Dr. D. G. Macinnes)-
Unique. Type in B.M,

11. PHILONTHUS DISTINGUENDUS sp.n.

Entirely black, shining: thorax with dorsal row of four rather large punctures,
Antennse black. Femora yellowish brown, tibiae and tarsi black. Length 6.5 mm.

In build much like rectangulus Shp. but smaller, the antennte shorter with more trans-
verse penultimate segments, eh'tra without metaih’c reflex, abdomen more closely
punctured, the basal tergites without median projection. Head transveree, quadrate.

401

Ian. 1951 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylinida

the posterior angles briefly rounded, as broad as the front of the thorax, the eyes large,
much longer than the temples, median interocular punctures widely separated, the post-
ocular region rather closely punctured, the ground sculpture fine, transverse, not uniform.
Antennje short, the 3rd. segment as long as 2nd., 4th. to 10th. transverae, increasing
in width. Thorax as long as broad, slightly narrowed towards the front, ground sculp-
ture at sides and base only. Elytra a little longer and broader than the thorax, broader
than long, closely, moderately finely punctured, without ground sculpture. Abdomen
closely and finely punctured, the ground sculpture extremely fine. Sides of head, thorax
and elytra with long black setae, pubescence of elytra and abdomen rather long and
moderately close. First segment of posterior tarsi as long as the last.

Kenya Colony, Nairobi. November, 1938. (V. G, L. Van Someren), Umque.
Type in B.M.

12. PHILONTHUS MORTUORUM sp.n.

Shining black, the thorax dark reddish brown with dorsal row of four very fine
punctures, the tergites with the posterior margins narrowly reddish Antennse reddish.
Legs reddish yellow, the tibiae infuscate. Length 6 mm.

In build much like frigidus Ksw. but larger and differently coloured. Head suborbi-
cular, very slightly broader than long, the eyes moderate, much shorter than the post-
ocular region, narrower than the thorax, the median interocular punctures very small
and widely separated. Antennse stout, the 3rd. segment scarcely shorter than 2nd.,
4th. to 6th. slightly longer than broad, decreasing in length, the 7ih. to 10th. slightly
transverse. Thorax longer than broad (4:3.5), the sides almost parallel, very slightly
retraaed towards the front, external to the dorsal row with two small punctures. Elytra
as long as but broader than the thorax, broader than long (5:4), puncturation toe,
asperate, rather close. Abdomen rather finely and closely punctured throughout, the
ground sculpture toe and transverse. Pubescence rather long and close on the eljnira,
and abdomen. Fore parts without ground scu'pture. First segment of the posterior
tarsus longer than the last.

Kenya Colony, Nairobi, October, 1937 (A. F, J. Gedye) In a dead cobra. Unique.

Type in B.M,

13. PHILONTHUS JACKSONI sp.n.

Black, the fore-parts shining, the abdomen sub-opaque, the elytra greenish metallic.
I'horax with dorsal row of five small punctures. Antennas and legs black, the 1st. segment
and femora yciiowish red. Length 9 mm. Near sanguimlentus Gr. but differently
coloured, the thorax longer and narrower, the puncturation and pubescence cf the abdomen
however very similar. Head transverse, subquadrate, narrower than the thorax, the
eyes large, a little longer than the post-ocular region, the posterior angles rounded;
median inter-ocular punaurw: widely separated, dose to the juxta-ocular, in the post-
ocular region with four or five moderate punctures and a pair before the middle of the
base. Antennse with the 3rd. segment slightly longer than the 2nd., 4th. to 8th. a little
longer than broad decreasing in length, (the rest wanting). Thorax as long as broad,
the sides straight slightly converging towards apex; punctures of dorsal row small,
towards the sides with two others. Elytra a little longer and broader than the thorax
(6:5.2) broader than long, moderately finely and moderately closely punctured (but
much less tody and less closely than in sanguinolentus.) Abdomen extremdy finely
and closely punctured and pubescent throughout, but not quite so fine and close as in
sanguinolentus^ the ground sculpture very fine and transverse. Fore-parts without ground
sculpture. First segment of posterior tarsus slightly longer than the last.

Uganda, KaUnzu F. October, 1937. 4,000 ft. (T. H. E, Jackson). Unique. Type in B.M.

402 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African StaphylinicUe Vol. xx

14. PHILONTHUS MARSHALL! sp.n. (Bernh. iu litt.)

Black, shining. Thorax with dorsal row of five moderate punctures. Antennte
black, the 1st. segment below and the 2nd. at base yellow. Femora and tarsi reddish
yellow, the 1st. two segments of the middle and posterior blackish, tibiae dark. Length
8 mm.

Build and colour of immimdus Gyll., but at once distinguished by the much shorter
antennte, the 5th. to 10th. segments distinctly transverse, pimcturation of the elytra
finer and closer, that of the abdomen closer and much less fine than in immimdus. First
segment of posterior tarsi longer than the last.

South Africa, Natal, Frere. Type in B.M,

15. PHILONTHUS OBSCURATUS sp.n.

Black; thorax with dorsal row of five punctures. Anteimai reddish-brown. Legs
reddish yellow. Length 6 mm.

In build much like quisquiliarius Gyll., but narrower, the elytra as closely but more
finely punctured and without metallic reflex, the abdomen more finely punctured. Head
suborbicular, narrower than the thorax, the eyes a little longer than the post-ocular
region which is finely and moderately closely punctured; median inter-ocular punctures
widely separated, the ground sculpture extremely fine, scarcely visible, not uniform.
Antenna with the 4th, to 8th. segments longer than broad, decreasing in length, the 8th
but slightly longer than broad, the rest absent. Thorax slightly longer than broad,
scarcely narrowed towards the front, external to the dorsal row with two punctures ;
ground sculpture absent. Elytra a little longer and broader than the thorax, slightly
broader than long, closely and rather finely punctured and without ground sculpture.
Abdomen finely and rather closely punctured throughout, finely pubescent and without
ground sculpture. First segment of the posterior tarsus not longer than the last.

Kenya Colony, Maktau, December, 1936 (C. G. MacArthur). Unique. Type in B.M.

16. PHILONTHUS ALTERIUS sp.n.

In most respects like obscuratus Cam. and only differs as follows ; the punaurcs of
the dorsal row are larger, the elytra less finely punctured and with metallic reflex as in
quisquiliarius Gyll. The antenna are blackish with the first segment reddish yellow,
the 4th. to 7th. segments are longer than broad, decreasing in length, the 8th. to 10th
as long as broad.

17. PHILONTHUS DEBILIFORMIS sp.n.

Colour and build of debilis Gr. and only differs from it in the following respects :
the antenn® a little longer and more slender, the penultimate segments not transverse,
the eyes larger, the post-ocular region shorter, the five punctures of the dorsal row larger,
the puncturation of the elytra and abdomen scarcely differ but there is complete absence
of ground sculpture on the fore-parts. The first segment of the posterior tarsi is as long
as the last. Length 5 mm.

Kenya Colony, A4agadi, May, 1942 (V. G. L. Van Someren). Type in B.M.

18. PHILONTHUS RENOMINATA sp.n.

Shining black, the abdomen slightly iridescent; thorax vrith dorsal row of six large
punctures. Antenns black, the 1st. segment reddish yellow below. Legs reddish
yellow, the tibiae infuscate. Length 7.5 mm.

Near arrowianus Bernh., but with shorter antennae ,the penultimate only as long as
broad. Head subquadrate, transverse, a little narrower than the thorax, the eyes very
large, the temples much shorter and retracted to the base, the posterior angles rounded,
the median iaterocular punctures small, nearer to each other than to the lateral, juxta=

403

Jan. 1951 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s.^ African Staphylinidcs

ocular punctures large, five in number, before the base witii transverse row of four
punctures and two others on each side a little before the base and internal to the post-
ocular region and obliquely placed. Antennae with tlie 3rd. segment longer than the 2nd,
4th. to the 6th. a little longer than broad decreasing in length, 7rh. to 10th. about as
long as broad and differing but little. Thorax very slightly longer than broad, the sides
straight and slightly retracted to the front, external to the dorsal row with a row of three
others. Scutellum punctured. Elytra longer (7:5.75) a,nd broader than the tl.orax,
broader than long, rather closely and moderately coarsely punctured, distinctly less
finely and more deeply than in arrowianns. Abdomen closely and rather coaiseiy
punctured at the bases of the anterior segments, much more finely and more sparingly
elsewhere. Pubescence scanty. The whole insect without ground sculpture. Pirst
segment of posterior tarsi longer than the last.

Kenya Colony, Nairobi. January, 1938. (A. F. J. Gedye). Unique. Type in B.M.

19. PHILONTHUS GEDYEI sp.n.

Black, shining; thorax with dorsal row of six punctures. Antennae and legs black,
the femora and tarsi brownish yellow. Length 6 mm.

Much like ventralis Gr. in general appearance, but at once distinguished by the
dorsal row of six punctures and also in the following respects : The entirely black anten-
nte with the penultimate segments as long as broad, the head broader, suborbiciilar only
slightly narrower than the thorax, the eyes much smaller, the post-ocular region fully
three times longer; thorax narrower, only a little longer than bread with external row
of four punctures, elytra with the punctures rather larger but more supeihcial, abdomen
more finely punctured. First segment of posterior tarsus shorter than the last,

Kenya Colony, Kinangop. June, 1938 alt. 11,000 feet. (A. F. J. Gedye). Unique.
Type in B.M.

20. PHILONTHUS LONDIANUS sp.n.

This species only differs from gedyei Cam. in the elytra having a distinct metallic
reflex and being less finely punctured. In all other respects similar. Length 5.5-6 mm.
(J: anterior tarsi not dilated: 6th. sternite with very small arcuate emargination.
Kenya Colony, Londiani. May, 1936. (H. J. A. Turner). Type in B.M.

21. PHILONTHUS (GABRIUS) TURNERI sp.n.

Shining black, the elytra pitchy black. Thorax with dorsal row of five rather large
punctures. Antenna black. Legs reddish yellow, the tibiae infuscate. Length 5 mm.
Colour of nigritiilus Gr. but more robust and readily recognised by the large head.
Head square, the posterior angles rounded, slightly broader than the thorax, the front
triangularly impressed, the eye shorter than the temple; median interocular punctures
widely separated and with three rather large punctures in an oblique row behind them,
the temples with four or five smaller ones; ground sculpture fine but distinct. Antennae
with the 3rd. segment as long as the 2nd,, 4th. a little longer than broad, 5th. to 7th.
as long as broad, the rest absent. Thorax slightly longer than broad, the sides straight
and almost parallel, external to the dorsal row of punctures with two others much smaller;
ground sculpture as on head. El^ra slightly longer and broader than the thorax, as long
as broad. The sculpture as in nigritulus. Abdomen closely and finely punctured and
pubescent as in that species and with a fine transverse ground sculpture.

Kenya Colony, Londiani. May, 1936 (H. J. A. Turner). Type in B.M.

22. BELONUCHUS GEDYEI sp.n.

Shining black. Antennae and legs black. Length 9 mm. Flead quadrate. Broader
than long (6.5 :4,75), as broad as the thorax, the posterior angles rounded, impressed on

404 Malcolm Ca-MERON, r,n.j m.b., f.r.e.s.j African Staphylinida Vol. tK

the middle of the front; with a transverse row of four punctures between the eyes, the
middle ones widely separated from each other and a similar row at the level of the eyes
posteriorly; before the base with a row of about ten punctures, the post-ocular region
with two or three others, otherwise impunctate; ground sculpture very fine, transverse.
Antennte short, 3rd. segment as long as 2nd., 4th. slightly longer ^an broad, 5th.
as long as broad, 6th. to 10th. slightly transverse. Thorax as long as broad, the sides
very slightly rounded, slightly retracted in front, with a row of five moderate punctures
on each side of the middle, at the sides with a group of four or five others, the ground
sculpture as on the head, the sides with a few black sette. Elytra longer than the thorax
(7:6.5) with small supePficiai not very close punctures and without ground sculpture,
the sides setiferous. 'Abdomen finely rather sparingly punctured and pubescent and
without ground sculpture, the sides and apex with long black set®.

Kenya Colony, Mutha district. Alt. 4,000 feet. August, 1938 Unique. Type in B.M.

23. STAPHYLINUS (S.Str.) CINCTICOLLIS sp.n. (Bemhauer in Utt.).

Rather dull, the fore-parts greenish bronze: abdomen black, the sides and posterior
margins of the tergites yellowish red, bifariate. Antenn® brown, the first two segments
and legs reddish yellow. Length 19 mm. Smaller and narrower than nigriventris BoL
The fore-parts rather similar in ground colour and sculpture, but with different pubescence
and bifariate abdomen. Head narrower than thorax, transverse subquadrate, the
temple much shorter than the eye; the anterior border, antennal tubercles and at the
inner margin of the eye reddish yeUow, the puncturation close, umbilicatc, finer than in
nigriventris and with distinct ground sculpture, the pubescence short golden. Antenn®
rather short, the 5th. to 10th. segments transverse and diflfering but little. Thorax
scarcely transverse, all the margins narrowly yellowish red, before the scutellum with a
short polished line, the sculpture and pubescence as on the head. Scutellum not tomen-
tose, of the colour and sculpture of the elytra. Elytra as long as but broader than the
thorax, the shoulders, lateral and posterior margins reddish yellow, strongly coriaceous,
scarcely punctured, the pubescence yellow fine and short. Abdomen black bifariate,
the rest of the surface with fine short golden pubescence and with longer, more sparing
golden hairs; puncturation fine and close; ground sculpture fine and transverse.
N. W. Rhodesia, Solwezi district. 10. Novcm-ber, 1916. (Dolhnan). Type in B.M.

24. STAPHYLINUS (S, Str,) SOLWEZLANUS sp.n. (Bernhauer in litt.)

Rather dull, head, thorax and abdomen black, the latter bifariate; head and thorax

with slight metallic reflex; elytra dark reddish brown with an obscure ill-defined reddish
streak across the disc from the shoulder to near the posterior margin, the side margin with
two blackish spots. Sentelium not tomentose. Antennae reddish brown, the first segment
reddish yellow' infuscate above. Legs reddish yellow, the tibiae infuscate. Length 13 mm.
Build of cincticollis Cam. but smaller, with differently coloured fore-parts, the head
and thorax with rather coarser and deeper punctures and without the distinct ground
sculpture of that species. The pubescence of the two species scarcely differs and in
other respects similar.

N. W. Rhodesia, Solwezi district, 10. November, 1916. (Dollman). Type in B.M.

25. STAPHYLINUS (ABERNUS) RHODESLANUS. sp.n. (Bernh. in litt.)
Srarcely shining, blackish brown with feeble metallic reflex on the fore-parts; the

inner margin of the eye sometimes with an obscure reddish line rarely prolonged to the
base, the margins of the thorax scarcely reddish: scutellum black, tomentose. Elytra
with two black spots on the reflcxed sides: abdomen black, bifariate. Antennas black,
the first two segments reddish yellow. Legs reddish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi blackish.
Length 14-15 mm.

405

Jan. 1951 Malcolm Camiron^ m.n.3 m.b., African StaphyUnida

More robust than solwe&iams Cam, and of darker colour, the head transverse sub-
quadrate with more briefly rounded posterior angles; sculpture of head, thorax and ab-
domen coarser, the scutellum tomcntose : in other respects similar.

This species differs from the t5q)ical subgenus Abernus in the mesosternal process
being rounded at apex and extending half the length of the coxae which are distinaly
separated.

N. W. Rhodesia, Lusala (Doiiman),

Kenya Colony, Ngong. May, 1945. (V. G, Van Someren), Type in B,M.

26. ONTHOLESTES GRACILENTUS sp.n.

Fore-parts greenish bronze, the posterior margin of the thorax narrowly reddish:
abdomen black, the side and posterior margin of the first three visible tergites rufescent,
Antennte black. Legs reddish yellow, the tibiae infuscate, the tarsi black. Length
11 mm. A slender species. Head a little broader than the thorax, eyes very large
and prominent, temples very short, vertex with a short raised shining line in the middle,
the puncturation close and umbilicate as in africanus Bernli, with short scanty golden
hairs. Antenns slender, in length 7th. as long as broad, 8th. to 10th. slightly transverse.
Thorax slightly longer than broad, the sides straight, retracted to the base, the posterior
angles rounded, the anterior rectangular, adjacent to the side margin in the posterior half
with an elongate impression, the sculpture as on the head. Scutellum black, tomentose,
along the middle with a line of golden pubescence. Elytra longer (7.5 :6) and broader
than the thorax, about as long as broad, the puncturation of similar character but smaller,
with short golden pubescence and scanty black sets, each with about five small patches
of short white hairs. Abdomen narrowed towards apex, rather finely and closely punctur-
ed, the 1st. visible tergite on each side of the middle with a dense patch of golden
brown pubescence, the 2nd. and 3rd. with moderately close, short golden hairs, and
longer yellow and black setae, the 4th. more densely covered with brown and golden
hairs, 5th. with close long black pubescence with spots of short silvery haii^, 6th. much
more sparingly black, pubescent,

anterior tarsi strongly dilated.

Uganda: Ewamba 7th August, 1946. (Van Someren). Unique. Type in B.M.

27. TRIGONOPALPUS gen.n.

Very neai' Patnmegus Fauv. but with broader neck, much shorter 4th. segment of the
maxUlajy palpi, the. mesosternal process shorter, broadly rounded at apex and not
carinate, the middle coxae more widely separated, the 1st segment of the posterior tarsus
shorter, only as long as the 2nd. and 3rd. segments together and long coarse close pube-
scence especially at die sides of the abdomen. The structure of the maxillary and labial
palpi scarcely differs from that of Tympanophorus Nordm.

28. TRIGONOPALPUS PILOSUS sp.n.

Shining black, the antenna black, the first two segments and legs yellowish red, the
tibiae infuscate. Length 9 mm. In build much like Tympanophorus rugosus Wath,,
but smaller and with narrower head and different sculpture. Head suborbicular, trans-
verse, narrower than the thorax, tlie eyes large, scarcely shorter than the post-ocular
region, on the vertex with a small impunctate area, elsev/here with small rather close
simple punctures and long white pubescence, Antenns short and stout, extending back
to about the middle of the thorax, the 2nd, segment shorter than the 3rd,, 4th, to iOth,
ttansverse, gradually increasing in width, the penultimate about twice as broad as long.
Thorax transverse (5.5 :5), the sides a little more retracted behind than in front, gently
rounded and with long black sets, the angles broadly rounded, the sculpture and pube-
scence as on tlie head. Elytra longer (6:5.5) and broader than tlie thorax, broader than
long (7 :6), rather finely, closely, asperately, punctured, the suture and posterior margin

406 Malcolm CameroNj r.n., m.b,, f.r.e.s., African Staphylinidcs Vol. xx

fringed with long white hairs, elsewhere with shorter black pubescence, the sides wi.h
two or three long black setae. Abdomen a little narrowed towaras apex, moderately
finely and moderately closely punctuxed, on each sice of the first three visible tergites
at their bases with a tuft of white pubescence, the lateral margin itself at the bases ot the
first four tergites each with a similar tuft, me posterior half of the 5th. visible tergite
closely covered with short white pubescence, elsewhere with long black hairs especially
along the sides. Tibiae spinose and closely covered with white pubescence, the tarsi
also. The whole insect without ground sculpture.

Uganda; Kamengo For. 3,500 ft. October, 1937. (T. H, E. Jackson). Unique

Type in B.M.

29. HETEROGASTER gen.n.

In build much like Dysanellus Bemh, but vAth different moutli parts, systematically
near Xantkopygus Kr, but differs in the shorter maxillary palpi, the 4th. segment only
as long as the 3rd., the longer labial palpi, absence of pronotal epimera, longer middle and
postenor tarsi their first segments much longer and the abdomen without incurved
basal lines on the anterior tergites. Head without infra-orbital ridge. Labrum bilobed
Mandibles slender pointed, the right with a sharp tooth about the middle, the left with
an obtuse one. Maxillary palpi with the third segment about as long as the 2nd. but
stouter towards the apex, 4th. as long as but more slender than the 3rd., pointed.
Labial palpi with the 1st. segment rather long, 2nd. longer, the 3rd. yet longer than the
2nd. Pronotal epimera absent. Mesosternum simple, its process extending half the
length of the coxs, the apex rounded, the coxae rather widely separated; metasternal
process extending well between the coxae and separated from the mesosternum by a
short intesternai piece. Anterior tarsi strongly dilated (at least in the cj). Tibiae spinose.
Middle and posterior tarsi with the 1st. segment longer than the last, as long as 2nd.,
3rd. and 4th. together,

30. HETEROGASTER NIGER, sp.n.

Black, head and thorax shining, elytra and abdomen duller. Antennae and legs black®
Length 9 mm. Head transverse suborbicular, a litde narrow'er than the thorax, the
eye a little shorter than the post-ocular region, between the eyes with a transverse row
of four punctures, the median more widely separated from each other than from the
lateral which are against the eyes ; post-ocular region with a few punctures. Antennes
with the 3rd. segment as long as the 2nd., 4th, to 7th. very slightly transverse, the rest
wanting. Thorax slightly longer than broad (6:5.5), the sides sdmost straight, very
slightly retracted towards the front, the posterior angles broadly rounded, on each side
with an oblique row of three small widely separated punctures, one near the anterior
angle, the 2nd. before, the 3rd. behind the middle, the sides impunaate. Scuteilum
closely punctured. Elytra a little broader but scarcely longer than the thorax, broader
than long, closely, rather coarsely and roughly punctured. Abdomen a little narrow'ed
at the apex, closely and more finely punctured than tlie elytra, scarcely less closely
behind, the pubescence black, ground sculpture fine and transverse. Head and thorax
without pubescence or ground sculpture.

(^: anterior tarsi strongly dilated: 6th. sternite with broad arcuate emargination
occupying nearly the whole width,

Kenya Colony: Email Range. Sultan Hamiid, alt. 4,900-5,900 feet. March 1940.

Unique. Type in B.M.

31. QUEDIUS (S. Str.) CINCTIPENNIS sp. n.

Moderately shining, black, the suture reflexed, sides and postero-external angles
of the elytra and posterior margins of the tergites distinctly reddish yellow. AntennEe
and legs reddish yellov^'. Length 9.5 mm. Readily recognised by the colour. Head

Jan, 1951 Malcolm Cameron, r.n,, m.b., I'.r.e.s.,, African Staphylinidce 407

narrower than thorax, suborbicular, the eye large, fully twice as long as the post-ocular
region: except for a juxta-ocular puncture and three or four post-ocular ones, impunc-
tate, the ground sculpture fine and transverse. Antennte with 2nd and 3rd segments
sub-equal, 4th and 5th almost as long as broad, 6th to 10th, slightly transverse differing
but little. Thorax as long as broad, the sides nearly straight, slightly retracted towards
the front, with a pair of small widely separated punctures behind die middle and two
or three others near the anterior angles, otherwise impunctate; ground sculpture as on
head. Scutellum finely punctured and pubescent. Elytra a little longer and broader
than the thorax, broader than long, finely and rather closely punctured, ground sculpture
absent. Abdomen narrowed towards apex, finely, moderately closely punctured on the
anterior tergitcs, more sparingly behind; ground sculpture very fine.

Kenya Colony: Kanziko; January, 1942, Type in B,M.

32. GLYPHESTHUS NIGERRIMUS sp. n.

Shining black. Antennte and legs black, tarsi reddish. Length 14 mm. At once
distinguished from niger Kr. by the almost impunctate 7th. tergite. Head transverse,
subquadrate, a little narrower than the thorax, the eye distinctly longer than the temple;
median pair of interocular punctures widely separated; near the eye posteriorly with
a group of four moderate umbilicate punctures, before the base on each side, with three
others in an oblique row, the post-ocular region with four or five more. Antenna; stout
extending backwards to about the middle of the thorax, the 1st, segment stout, thickened
towards apex, 2nd very short, scarcely visible, 3rd as long as the 1st, but less thickened
apically, 4th to iOth transverse, flattened, scarcely diflering, closely and briefly pubescent.
Thorax slightly transverse, the sides gently rounded, a little more retracted beliind than
in front, with a dorsal row of three punctures, one at the anterior border, the mo others
close together before the middle. Scutellum impunctate at the base, at the apex with
a few small pimctures. Elytra longer and broader than the thorax, rather coarsely and
closely punctured. Abdomen practically impunctate along the middle, at the sides
with a few setiferous punctures, the posterior margins of the 5ih, 6th and 7th seginents
with short deep impressions, die 8th with small close teeth, ground sculpture uniform
on the 5th to 8tli segments, absent or scarcely perceptible elsewhere . Fore parts without
g'ound sculpture.

Kenya Colony: Kimi, October 1937 (Type). Voi, December 1936. Mutha

November? 193. Type in B.M,

East Africa Natural History Society

NOTiai TO CONTRIBUTORS

The Society is prepared to consider articles dealing with Natural History for
publication in Ae Journal. The articles should be concise and should be typed on
one side of the paper only.

In accordance with the accepted practice scientific names are printed in italics.
These should be underlined in Ae t^escript. Names of new species described in
an article when mentioned are printed in bold face. Such names should be under-
lined with an interrupted line.

It will be appreciated if references to literature are typewritten in the form
customary in Enghsh scientific periodicals, i^ch reference to a periodical should
begin with the writer’s name and the references should be arranged in alphabetical
order. The name is followed by the initials and then the year of publication. The
name of the journal should be given next in itahcs, followed by the volume number
in bold face and the page in roman. Standard abbreviations for the names of most
journals are available and should be adopted when possible.

References to text-books should be similar in form to those for journals; but
after the title of the book, volume number and page, the place of puljlication and
publisher’s name should be given.

The following examples illustrate these points:

Evans, R. T., 1947. J. East Africa Nat. Hist. Soc., 19, 18.

Jackson, F. J., 1938. The Birds of Kenya Colony amd Uganda Protectorate^
3, 1261. London. Gurney & Jackson.

In the text, references should be made to the bibliography by giving the author’s
name and the date in bracket, not by numbers or footnotes.

Illustrations should be in a form suitable for reproduction. The Editor cannot
be expeaed to re-draw. Black and white illustrations should be in Indian ink on
Bristol board or thick white paper. If drawn larger than it is intended that they shotfid
appear, reproduction is usually better. An indication of the degree of reduction is
advisable. Photographs should be printed on glossy paper and shoxild be the size of
intended reproduction.

Articles should be submitted to the Seaetary, P. O. Box 658, Nairobi, for
consideration by the Committee. The Committee reserve the right to reject papers
that it considers unsuitable. Authors may be asked to pay part of the cost of
making blocks if the number of illustrations is large. The writer of an article is entitled
to twenty-five ofiprints free of charge. Larger numbers can be supplied at cost if ordered
when the article is submitted.

BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL

The Committee is very anxious to obtain various back numbers of the Jouma!
which are either in short supply or out of print. These are required for exchange
piuposes with scientific institutions or societies overseas, and if any members have
back numbers which they would be willing to dispose of in this way, would they please
notify the Hon. Secretary, P.O. Box 658, Nairobi. The numbers wanted in particular
are:— Nos. 1-7, 9-13, J5, 16, 38/39, 45, 47, Vol. 12 Nos. 3/4, 75/76, 81/82, 83/84.

THE BIRDS OF KENYA AND UGANDA. By V. G. L. Van Someren.

THE BUTTERFLIES OF KENYA UGANDA. By V. G. L. van Someren
and collaborators

A very limited number of complete sets of these two works are now available,
bound in leather and parchment. Prices are as follows :

Birds. Vols. 1 and 2 bound together, Sh. 100/- for the two.

Butterflies^ Vols. 1 and 2 bound separately, Sh. 100/- for each volume.

The following popular brochures published by the Society are also available at
the uniform price of Sh, 3/- per copy from:

The Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi.

S. J. Moore’s Bookshop, Government Road, Nairobi.

The C.M.S. Bookshop, Nairobi

The East Afiican Standard, Ltd., Delamere Avenure, Nairobi

A POPULAR GUIDE TO SOME OF THE FISHES OF THE CORAL REEF
By Hugh Copley

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS OF EAST AFRICA
By W. M. and R. E. Moreau

SOME COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE NAIROBI DISTRICT
By A. J. Wiley and J. R. Hudson

A GUIDE TO THE SNAKES OF THE NAIROBI DISTRICT
By Arthur. Loveridge

Printed by East African Standard Ltd,, Nairobi— 2<23733

lotttttal

OF THE

(last Africa Jlatural Histnrg

OFFK31AE PH«L“!e2Vff0N"OP -THE eORYNDON MEMORIAL MUSEUM
-{MUSEUM TRUSTEES OF KENYA)

1952 Vol. XXI No. 1 (91)

1/ -c • ■■■■' 1

CONTENTS:

Notes on a Collecting Trip to the Belgian Congo :

By T. H. E. Jackson, F.R.E.S

Page

408

Notes on the African Sunbird, Cinnyris Afra Graueri Neumann :
By John G. Williams

440

Notes on Some Birds’ Eggs Collected by Sir Charles Belcher in Nyasaland . .

443

A Startlingly Turquoise-Blue Gecko from Tanganyika :

By Arthur Loveridge

446

New Species of African STRAPHYLINDAE Part III :

By Malcom Cameron, R.N., M B., F.R.E.S

447

Miscellaneous Notes . .

459

Reviews

462

PLATES:

Facing Page .... . .

439

Facing Page

442

Editor:

C. A. W. Guggisberg. m.s.c., m.b.o.u,

Date of publication: January 1952.

f FEB 18

Additional copies to members: 9/-; non-members, 15/-

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

East Africa Natural History Society

Patrons :

His Excellency Sir Philip Mitchell, c.m.g., m.c.

Sir Henry Moore, g.c.m.g.

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Pop ham, g.c.v.o., k.b.c., c.mg., d.s.o., a.f.c.

President :

Dr. a. McK. Fleming, m.c., m.b., b.s., d,t,m, & h, ( + )

Vice-President and Hon. Librarian :

A. F. J. GeDYE, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S,

Executive Committee’

H. J. Allen Turner, Eeq,

P. R. O. Bally, Esq.

A. Bogdan, Cand. of Biol. Sc. (Rostow)

H. Copley, Esq.

J. G. Williams, m.b.o.u,

Hon. Secretary'.

Miss P. M. Allen, m.a.

Hon. Treasurer',

Miss M. Ball

Hon. Editor:

C. A. W. Guggisberg, m.sc., m.b.o.u.

Hon. Assistant Librarian:

Mrs. R. Guggisberg

All correspondence in connection with this Journal should be addressed to the Hon.
Editor, P.O. Box 141, Nairobi.

Col. H. M. Cowie
J, S. Karmah, b.pharm.,
PH.C., d.b.a.
R. W. RaYNER, B.A.,
a.l.c.t.a.

Journal of the East African
Natural History Society

1952

Vol. XX X

ERRATUM

No. 1 (91)

/■ : ' ■

C (St-

KJ.^O .7-

M-

u

The last issue of the Journal of the East African Natural History Society shouild
be numbered :

1950 Vol. XIX No. 6 (90)

Erratum . • . rho i^t’^iournal was incorrect.

It is regretted that the numbering of the pm

This should have been;

Vol. xxiNo. 1 (91) Pages 1-56

NOTES ON A COLLECTING TRIP TO BELGIAN CONGO.

By T. H. E. JACKSON, F.R.E.S.

[This Diary was addressed, originally, to Prof. G. D. Hale-Carpenter, M.B.E., with
whose permission it is published here. To those who have experience the fascination
of collecting in a new area, it may strike a chord and and to others, who have not,
it may prove, I hope, an inspiration.]

Lutoto Camp, Ankole, 13-8-1946.

Dear Carpenter,

I am going to amuse myself by writing you a diary of events on this safari — it
will bore you stiff no doubt, but you have the remedy that you need not read it, and
in any case it has one great advantage, that no answer is required!

Well, I left the farm on the 8th, rain, clouds and arctic conditions and I had no
regrets, but just to keep me humble I suppose, I had a shocking trip — a blow-out
12 miles from the house — both tyre and tube a complete write-off — no tyres or tubes
anywhere in Uganda. I managed to scounage an old tube in Tororo, and an old tyre
(very) in Kampala. Then another blow out 10 miles from Masaka, and both again rent
in twain, so I spent the night in Masaka at the Rest Camp and reorganised the tyres.
Really these days of ‘ersatz’ tyres or no tyres at all, are not made for safari, but it's
9 years since I was in Uganda and the Congo, and I’m determined to get there. I think
the hoodoo turned in Masaka, because on Monday morning when I was being met
with the usual story, “Sorry there are no tyres or tubes in Masaka,” up came two of
the Govt, people, who I had met in the past, and one lent me an old tyre and the other
a tube! So off I went again at 10.30, and did the 150 miles to Lutoto without further
trouble. This is only about 120 miles from my first objective, Beni, in the Ituri Forest,
so I have hopes!

13.8: This morning was dull and cloudy, and there was heavy rain during the
night — it is a very wet year and has been raining solidly almost all the way down ■ —
but by 10 o’clock it cleared and I went down to the Kalinzu Forest, about 7 miles
from here, and had my first day’s collecting. As might be expected after 9 years, all my
old paths were closed and overgrown, but a new one has been made by pitsawyers
higher up in the forest.

The result of the day was interesting but not spectacular. The Kalinzu Cymothoe
indamora amorinda was plentiful, the two new (to Uganda?) Bwamba Euphaedras,
xypete cyanea, and eberti both turned up, neither of which I have seen from Kalinzu
before, and finally I got a Deudorix (sens Auriv), which is new to me, brilliant blue
above and below resembling a Hypolycaena, such as philippiis, though with a much
darker ground. I thought it was a Hypolycaena, until I had it in my hand.*

This evening after some much needed tea — Kalinzu is a strenuous forest, with
slopes that would be the envy of Wembley directors! — I wandered down into the
small patch of forest below the camp and found first a spider, which is the most
wonderful ant mimic I have ever seen — it builds a thin, practically invisible web
like a small flat roof over the midrib of a leaf, fully exposed, and sits under it with its
prolegs thrust out in front and angled, like the antennae of a Pheidole ant. When
disturbed it runs in and out exactly as does an ant. The thorax, abdomen etc., are
coloured and shaped just as in Pheidole. Next I found a Reduviid sucking a common,
but very poisonous looking Chrysomelid beetle, red and orange.

* This proved to be Pilodeiidorix zelomima Rebel, a rare specie of which this is the
only example I have seen.

Jan. 1952 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo 409

I am interested in the two Euphaedra mentioned above; in this particular area
they were reasonably common, yet previous intensive collecting in Kalinzu has never
produced either species. It is additional proof that a forest is never homogenous, but
that species occur in “islands” in each forest, the boundaries of which they seem
incapable of crossing successfully. The answer, of course, should be purely botanical,
but although I am not a botanist myself, I am still inclined to doubt if this is the
whole of it. The two species of Euphcedra were caught within \ mile of our old
old collecting grounds! The “island” habit is particularly noticeable in regard to the
Nymphalince, especially in Euphcedra, Diestogyna and Euryphene; often the “islands”
overlap, for instance today I saw E. zaddachi and its form christyi and E. sarita
inanoides, the common Kalinzu species of Euphcedra, but preussi was absent, and
does not appear to occur in Kalizu.

14.8: A dull cloudy day throughout. I amused myself by collecting beetles

off a fallen tree, which had reached just that stage of fermentation most attractive
to Coleoptera, I took Buprestids, Carabids, Curculionids and some interesting
Brenthids with long curved extensions to the head.

Tomorrow then, I brave the Police and Customs on the border — you have no idea
of the red-tape involved in moving these days. You need a permit to move your car,
a permit to move yourself! Vaccination and yellow-fever certificates, a cancellation
receipt for your ration-book, and of course, your Passport and Visa. Why, I wonder,
when the War has been over a year?

15/8: Beni. Well, I am through, and what is more I have a fine brick-built

Rest House in the forest all to myself!

The Customs went off all right — our people were interested only in my car;
they always are, though why, exactly, escapes me. I cannot see who could be
interested in my exporting a 1935 Ford! The Belgians also took an interest in the
car, to the extent of several forms in quadruplicate! Also in cameras, guns, pistols,
etc. I signed a form giving the Christian names of my father and mother (both
deceased)! and a lot of other information, and then committed a tactical error. Since
it was about lunch time, I said in all innocence, in my best French, “Monsieur, will
you have a drink with me?” Unfortunately he understood and said, “Monsieur, I
don’t drink, and what is more, do you know that the import of alcohol into the
Congo is forbidden? I shall have to see all of it ! ! ! ! ” Since that meant unloading
the whole car, with still 50 miles and a bad road to do, I was a bit disconcerted.
However, just at that moment two Belgians arrived, and so I paid Fr.lOO and left
it at that!

The road is definitely bad, for the first 35-40 miles it runs through the Parc
Nationale Albert, and is quite uninhabited — low swampy country on the edge of Lake
Edward, and very bad to be stranded in. I had a fine view of some elephant bathing
in one of the rivers — an old cow was washing her calf and others spraying themselves.

16/8: Again a dully cloudy day, but as I had, anyway, to report at the D.C.’s

Office, it did not matter. Also, I did a very good stroke of business, and secured two
new tyres and tubes and had them fitted, so now “I don’t care if it snows”! In
the afternoon, still very dull, I investigated some sawyers’ paths and took a few things,
among them a few of that lovely species Cymothoe aramis and a fine male of
Euryphene rubrocostata, also a Mylothris new to me.* On the way back down one
of the paths in dense forest, I caught a large greenish Cicindelid, rather a strange
place for it to be?

M. nubila canescens J. and T.

410 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo VoL. xx

Some of the flowers are new to me naturally; there are two fine Balsams out
at the moment, one orange, the other crimson, and there's an interesting low-
growing Acanthaceous plant with loose pyramids of mauvy-pink flowers. Unfor-
tunately this time 1 had no room for botanical collecting kit.

There are some very nice people in Beni and they have been extremely good to
me—.

17/8: A deluge practically all day! It’s funny that having travelled some 600

miles, partly, at least in order to get away from perpetual rain, I have merely succeeded
in changing the scenery! In the afternoon, in a thick fog, I explored north towards
Irninn and found a good side road going through the forest to the east; at least it
might be good if the sun ever comes out. I spent the evening collecting Tipulidae
for the B.M. and in an hour or so got about 30, comprising at least 10 different
species, one of them belongs to the “dancing” group with long white-tipped legs.

It’s fortunate that one group likes this weather, though I don’t admire them for
it. However “tomorrow is another day”, though judging by general conditions I’m
am not very hopeful — there’s plenty of timber about, for arks, which is something!

There’s nothing so depressing as a wet forest nor, be it said, anything so

enchanting as a forest in sunlight.

18/8: The morning looked better and so it proved ending in a fine sunny after-

noon and evening and in spite of a good many dull, cloudy hours, I amassed quite
a good collection. In the morning Eiiryphene, Euphcedra, Diestogyna, etc., of which
E. riibrocostata appears to be common here, E. plistonax, and a new one of the absolon
group; D, amaranta, goniogramma and again a new one, are worth a mention. The

Euphcedra consisted of various forms of eleus, xypete, medon, and preussi, but

nothing noteworthy. Then at about 2 o’clock, I found a place where a tree had

been felled and sawn up; it was well-cleared around, with lots of dead wood about
and looked an ideal Liptenine locality. The sun was trying to come out and it
gradually got lighter, until that stage of half sunlight was reached, v/hich Liptenines
like and out they came and started laying among the dead twigs and branches. That
most delicate of all African butterflies Argyrocheila undifera came first and in the
end I got two, also a very small Eiptena, white, with smoky apex to the forewing,
and a larger species similarly coloured rather like Talbot’s Impale. Pentila abraxas
also was in evidence. There’s no doubt about it that all these small white Liptenines
belong to a Mendellian association with, I think, Megalopalpus zynma as the
dominant member, although the Pierines may be the ultimate model* they fly much
faster and quite differently and are much larger and, more important still, usually
fly in different parts of the forest i.e. the more open clearings, whereas zymna flops
about all over the dense shady areas and appears to be quite unconcerned as to whom
may be watching. I think the Oboronia are members of this group, but they
appear to be rare here. Along the path, in only a few hundred yards, I took an

interesting little Lycid mimetic series, which are in your box — 2 Lycids, 2 Ceram-

bicids, a Reduviid and a fine Asilid . . . The great point of interest, was that the latter

in action, had two distinct modes of protection, first it buzzed like a wasp and

much more striking it flew slowly, quite unlike the usual quick darting flight
of an Asilid, and with its’ black abdomen drooping down just as does the Lycid
beetle. I flushed it three or four times to make sure, before I caught it and each
time it flew straight on about 4 yards and then down on the ground. Each time

♦ See later — the true models are small black and vjthite day-flying moths. In the absence of
evidence of distastefulness “Mendelian” is not the correct term.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

411

a display of black abdomen and rufous wings! Tomorrow I’m going to look out
for the wasp, which I feel sure will also be present, also perhaps, a moth or two
and you shall have them all later on.

Finally coming back for the last time, I came across an Aletis flapping along the
ground and obviously injured so I caught it and found that both forewings had been
torn off, but that otherwise it was uninjured. Since the body and hindwings are
fully developed, I doubt, if it is a case of failure to emerge properly from the pupa
and I feel sure it was caught by a bird, or mantis and escaped with the loss of its’
forewings.

The night is clear and starry, so I hope to have lots more to tell you tomorrow.
There was one point of botanical interest worth mentioning to day — a delicate, thin-
stemmed creeper grows fairly commonly in the forest, Curcurhitacece, it does not
seem to mind even dense shade. The stem bears at intervals of about 4” the usual
small marrow-like fruits, but in this species they grow first, the flower then appears
from the lower end, a small green rosette and when fertilised and ripe the seed appears
as 4 or 5 bright yellow fingers with scarlet tips, hanging from the end of the
“marrow”. The latter is clothed in maroon coloured hair. Its’ a most striking looking
plant. I’m afraid George Taylor will never forgive me for not bringing botanical
kit, but, although a press is easy enough, I doubt if there is any real substitute for
blotting paper. Beni might supply.

19/8: Heavy cloud all day until 3 o’clock, much too late to do any good — I

went, on the Chief’s advice, and had a look at what he calls his handaki in Swahili
a “trench”, but in this case a cutting through the forest. 1 should be good, particularly
as it ends in a clearing of about 3 acres, covered with felled trees and ideal for
Liptenince, but the snag is it is too populous.

There is a big Watanga Village on the outskirts and the forest itself is full of
Pygmies — one is followed by hordes all day and no sooner does one get rid of one
lot, another batch arrives. I like to be alone when collecting! The Pygmies are a
strange and interesting little people, and must be most exicting to an anthropologist,
the features, foreheads, eye-sockets, etc. are extraordinarily simian and if one watches
a crowd of kids, playing in the forest, swinging on the creepers and climbing over
tree trunks, it only needs some fur and a tail to make an ape! They wear nothing,
but a cloth strip covering the genitals and tied up behind between the legs and I
feel sure this is a recent innovation! In spite of the weather I had two noteworthy
captures, a fine Hawitsonia boisduvali and a female Ps. ruhama. I also took one
Liptena undina and this is the first time 1 have seen it since years ago in Budongo, —
and that was all! Your Lycid group grows, several more models, two more spp. of
Cerambicidce, and another interesting looking beetle which I can’t place; it might
be a Cleriid.

Lastly on the path, again, I took another escapee — this time Acrcea egina, crippled
as to wings, but otherwise intact — again it isn't easy to determine what was the
aggressor, but this time, I think, a bird, since the tip of the one remaining forewing
is nearly, severed across in a straight line.

There is nothing further to report, so good-night.

20/8: In spite of my usual battle with the elements, — the sun appeared for

about 2j hours, — things improved in the Lepidoptera line — a male and female Abisara
rutherfordi, a fine little species, which I have never seen before. The fact that
the male has blue patches on the hindwing, and the female on the forewing intrigues
me and seems difficult to explain. The females of the other purple species talantiis,
from Kalinzu, are much duller coloured than the males and since all Abisara sit

412 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

with their wings half open it seems strange that rutherfordi female should deliberately
show a bright blue patch on the forewing. Then a male Ps. hostilia walburgi met
its’ match and will go down to posterity! and a little later, I saw an interesting
form of, I imagine, Ps. dolomena — the f.w. had red bars and the h.w. yellow, but it
never came within reach.*l.

Another interesting find was a male Eiiryphene congolensis. I have been looking
for this for a long time, since we originally thought our brnnhilda from Budongo
was this species, until I took it home and compared it at the B.M. There is no
doubt that this is congolensis with its large quadrate yellow spot in space 7 of the
h.w. below. There remains itiirina to be found, I would very much like to know,
some day, when you have a few minutes to spare at the B.M., exactly how iturina
differs below from Icetitioides.

A new species of the mauve barred Mycalesis,*2 also came my way, M.
medontias, a very distinct form, and early in the day in a clearing I came across two
of my Katera Liptena rubromacidata, the Vanessida mimic, but I think this
will prove to be the typical form. Unfortunately I bungled it and only got one.

Another Argyrocheila, a fine male Ch. protoclea, of the typical western form,
several more E. rubrocostata, and two more Cy. arainis complete the noteworthy
captures today.

On the whole, so far, I am rather disappointed with the Ituri, (I can hear you,
after reading these lists of new spp.; say “why”!), but there is comparatively little
about and not nearly the number of spp. different to Bwamba and Uganda generally,
that I expected. Of course the weather has been atrocious and I should think,
judging by my one previous brief visit years ago, when the whole forest was alive with
butterflies, that August is a bad month.

Perhaps, in a week or so the deluge will be over and things will begin to hatch.
But whereas on that former visit, in 3 hours 1 took 18 spp. new to me and one did
not know which to catch first, this time one has to search for any butterfly at all
and even the ubiquitous Hesperiid is rarely in evidence!

21/8: I went into Beni today to buy a few things and had an excellent lunch

in the hotel. It rained all night and practically all day ! On the way back I had a
brief look at the forest, very dark and wet. The E. preussi race is quite different to
most of Uganda, but probably the same as that at Bwamba. The male is greenish with
a rather broad green sub-apical bar, indistinctly defined as to its’ edges and the female
has pale blue markings following xpete, inanoides, etc., but with a white apical bar.

I took a fresh female today, also larinopoda lagyra and D. goniogramnia male, other-
wise nothing of interest. Another finer species of Cerainbicid however, has been added
to your Lycid group and one more of that other beetle, family unknown !

22/8: My first fine day! I went again to my saw-miller’s paths rather than face

the pygmie hordes!

The first great capture was three males of Cymothce anitorgis, it is a lovely thing
and quite distinct from aramis. The colour is halfway between the orange red of
aramis and the blood-red of sangaris. On the hindwing costa, midway, is a large
whitish quadrate spot above and below and the margins of both wings are beautifully
scalloped and fringed with white.

* This proved eventuaffy, to be a female form of Cymothce aramis Hew.
t Now Bkycliis.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

413

It is strange and shows the “off season” that it is at present, that although I have
seen quite a number of these red Cymothee, not a single female has appeared, whereas
on that previous visit, I mentioned earlier, I took, 7 or 8 females of the two spp. araniis
and anitorgis in my 3 hours!

The second insect in importance was Enry phene congolensis, again 3 males. Having
got that first one off the boards, 1 find it is the male of my new female Euryphene
described on the 18” as “a new one of the ahsolon group”. The male appears to agree
with Aurivillius’ description, tho’ the yellow costal spot below on the h.w., is not
exactly quadrate, it is, however, yellow and is squarte on the costal edge. My female
definitely belongs to it. Either, then, this isn’t congolensis, or Aurivillius has placed
the wrong female to his species and put it in the wrong group. The female of this
species is a catiina mimic and therefore belongs to the carshena group, but it achieves
its purpose in a most interesting way. It does not depart one iota from the pattern of
the male, every line and spot is faithfully reproduced, but the ground colour, instead
of being black, is Catnna-hrown and the red median bands on both wings are replaced
by yellow.

Below it is the same, the lighter brown bands of the one replaced by the pale
whitish yellow colour of Catuna, and the darker sub-basal spots of the male h.w. are
in the female chocolate-brown, but each spot and line is copied exactly. Most of the
females of these sexually dimorphic Nyinphalina; show considerable differences in
pattern, and the only safe test is usually the shape of the median line below and I
believe, therefore, that this species evolved in a slightly different way, i.e. through,
slight colour mutations in the spots of the median bands. We shall have to wait until
you can take one to the B.M. and compare it before deciding its’ identity, but if it
is not congolensis, it is not in Seitz.*

Thirdly I got another of the mauve barred Mycalesis, this time M. hewitsoni— an
unusual and interesting species, with it’s mauve marginal bands on the hindwing.
Other things were Hypoliinnas niechowi, Anthene rnjoplagata, several Lorinopoda
lagyra, a magnificent planenwides female of dardanns, Papilio zenobia, etc. etc.

To your Lycid group were added 3 more spp. of Cerambicids, making now 6 or
7, another of the Reduviid bugs, another small beetle, possibly Chrysomelid, with
black elytra and red thorax and head and another beetle, which I know, but cannot
remember!, with the caraprace widened and leaf-like behind the head. The most
interesting was one of the “Longicorns”, which has definitely gone one step further and
modified it’s antennce towards the Lycidce. They are carried wide apart and straight
up in front when in flight, rather than curved at the tip, as in ordinary cerambicids
and are further modified to resemble a Lycid by having the first three segments
broadened by a thick clothing of black, spiny hair. There is also a “kink” after the
first segment, possibly to enable the insect to hold it’s antenna erect? It is a
most interesting thing and you’ll have no difficulty in recognising it in the box.

I put also in your box another Cerambicid and a Chrysomelid. At first sight
there isn’t much resemblance, but when in flight I cannot tell them apart and, I think,
if set out, you will see what I mean.

Both are sun-loving spp. and occur commonly in the clearings, though the latter
is much the commonest, of course, and occurs in many forms. The body and hind-
wings, which are chiefly seen in flight are in both cases orange-yellow; another thing,
I have included is a fine Syntomid wasp-mimic, metallic blue with red thorax, which
I watched for some considerable time, flying in a clearing, before deciding it wasn’t

It was Euryphene cottoni B.B. and it is in Zeitzl.

414

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo VoL. XX

a wasp! And finally 3 spp. of the common black and white, day-flying, Lymantrids,
because when discussing M. zynina and it’s Liptenine mimics the other day, I forgot
to mention these moths, which are obviously the purely Batesian models. They fly
all day and all hours of the day in the thick forest, together with zyinna and the
Liptenines,

The boy is pestering me to have dinner, so that he can go to bed — it’s 9 o’clock,
so perhaps he’s right and in any case you’ll have had enough of this! It has been
a grand day!

23/8: There was one other interesting thing I forgot to tell you yesterday. On

these safaris I always bring a small box of boards, a store box and a few pins and in
the evenings set up anything especially interesting in order to examine them and know
where I am. So the other day I set that female of Ps. ruhama. It had a chunk out
of the right hindwing, but seemed otherwise undamaged. Yesterday, however, I took
it off the board and right across the right forewing is a beautiful double beak-mark! —
so, you will have to have this as soon as I get home. It is significant that that makes
the third probable bird attack, the Aletis and Ac. egina being the others, in under a
week, even more significant, I think, in a dense tropical forest such as this.

Well today dawned clear, clouded over early and the cleared again and by midday
I had practically nothing at all. However I went back to a place where I had put
some leopard “bait” in a strategic position for Charaxes and then occurred one
of the great moments in a collectors life. There, amongst about 6 or 7 other
Charaxes, was a magnificent male Charaxes hadrianiis. I committed the usual folly,
under such circumstances, of completely loosing my nerve, I nearly fell over a root,
I trod on a dead branch, which went off like a rifle shot, 1 did everything that one
should not do, but I got him! ! I think, of all the Charaxes, it is the strangest and
most beautiful, though perhaps nobilis runs him close. He was in absolute perfect
condition and I just sat and gazed at him in my hand and didn’t even notice that
I was practically sitting on a highly odiferous bait! ! So much for him, I had the
same thrill years ago, when I got another at Katera.

The day produced also 3 males and 1 female of Cymothoe diphyia, which was
new to me — one male and the female are fresh specimens — the latter resembles the
female of Cymothx lurida hesiodotiis most faithfully. Of lesser importance, 2 more
males Cy. anitorgis, 1 male Cy. aramis, 1 male D. ainaranta, and a female of D.
tadema, the latter being new to me. Quite late in the afternoon I took another purple
Abisara, which I imagined was rutherfordi, but having killed it, it was obviously not
that species. I then thought it was the Kalinzu talanta cceca of Ripley, but, in setting
it, I found that practically the whole hindwing is blue — it will have to wait till I can
consult Riley’s paper at home, but it is not in Seitz.*

I got another of those Cerainbicids with the strange antennae and two other beetles
for the Lycid group, one a Chrysonielid the other unknown! The forest is literally
swarming with these Lycids and their mimics and, after the common Chrysomelids,
they are the commonest insects one sees in flight, I think tomorrow I shall try further
afield, if the day looks at all possible. The local populace will insist on collecting
for me in spite of daily protests; I come back in the evening and find tins-ful of
mashed Acrceas, which I promptly tip out on the grass.

This evening the usual tin was produced, a few Pierines, one D. chrysippus, and
masses of Acrceas; lycoa, alciope, egina, etc.

Abisara tantalus Hew, male. Once again it is in Zeitz.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Trip to the Belgian Congo

415

I tipped them all out on the ground, some still alive when I noticed that a pied
wagtail was watching the operation with great interest. So I stepped back into the
verandah and waited and sure enoi gh up he came. He made an immediate dive at a
female A. lycoa, dropped it, had another shot and dropped it again, then tackled a
female A. egina, worried it and dropped it and then lost interest altogether. So my
daily penance of receiving tins of butterfly- jam, had some slight recompense in interest
today. I spent a lot of time in the dull moments today collecting beetles, etc. for
the B.M. and for the Coryndon — there are some amazing insects in this forest. A
Reduviid, whose fore-tibite are modified into large flat paddle-shaped organs, covered
with spines and with the tarsi, fully jointed and with bifid claws, sticking out in
front, but minute in size — an Ichneumon whose hind tibise are swollen and bulbous
and the tarsi are carried permanently doubled up underneath them, so that, when
flying, the insect looks as if it had three abdomens! ! An Elaterid with it’s thorax
as long as, if not longer than, the abdomen and several amazing Brenthids.

24/8; There is nothing very much to tell you today — I went as I said further
away, a good deal further in fact, as you’ll see! 1 took a side road which I had been
told led to a saw-mill. It is about 20 Km. from here and I thought the mill would
be a mile or so in — it wasn’t ! , and further more it wasn’t a mill, but an experimental,
rice growing station ! , in process of clearing and the road was frightful and went sti'aight
down the side of the Rift Valley, almost to the bottom. Having started, I determined
to get there and, in any case, had no option, since one couldn’t turn round!

It’s curious how often these “further afield” visits end in disappointment, I could
have got nearly everything I saw here and probably more of them! Amongst the
usual Euryphene were harce, brunhilda and zonora, which I haven’t seen here, but
are Bwamba spp. Two Ps. enrytus one terra and one tirikensis, 'nowever, v/ere interest-
ing, as showing a big stride west for these forms. I’ll send them to you later and
finally, I saw a female Cy. anitorgis and missed it. Then I came back and since
it was by then about 2 o’clock, I went down through the village and braved the
pygmies! and being Saturday afternoon and no work going on, got away with it! Here
I did better, a male and female Cy. herminia, typical, and a female of another Cymothce
which reminds me of the Kalinzu indamora amorinda and may be the typical race,
race, but these black and white Cymothoe are very difficult.* Also another of the new
Abisara of yesterday and a bad specimen of Deudorix otreada. Incidently there’s an
interesting case of resemblance, in relation to the latter here, in the shape of an
Epamera, one of which I caught earlier today — it is almost exactly the same below
with the same dark border running into the red post-discal line.!

It has been a very strenuous and rather abortive day, but one always has to
try these things once, just to prove one isn’t missing a butterfly paradise just round the
next bend!

I got some fine Biiprestids and Cerambicids in the rice clearing, but nothing
much else in the beetle line.

I’m very disappointed in the general lack of Liptenines here, I had expected many
new spp., and so far have taken one and even the few that are here, are rare. I got,
however, one nice Telipna today down the hill. Tomorrow I shall catch antimachus
down the saw-pit path ! !

I stopped today on the way back to take a few photos of a pygmie village — they
live, in tiny little beehive huts, in dense forest and roof them with banana leaves. The

* Cy. indamora indamora Hew.
t Epamera sp. nov.

416

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

men were away, but the women all came out and posed amid shrieks and giggles. What
amused me was that the girls paint themselves in fascinating patterns with what must
surely be a type of woad, but the painting is only done on the face and on the
posterior! ! The eternal Eve!, should we, do you think, suggest this as a new Paris
fashion? !

25/8: Very little seemed to be moving today in spite of fairly reasonable weather

— I imagine everything is waiting for more settled weather before emergence, but the
day was made again by my taking another magnificent male Charaxes hadrianus on
my bait. It looks as if I had struck a place near the food-plant, so I shall continue to
bait it — it would be very satisfactory to get a female and I think I must try a banana
brew in the same spot. It’s always tricky stuff and often doesn’t work at all, I think,
in particular, it requires a hot, damp climate, since it is always most efficient at the
coast, but seldom so in Uganda. But I will try, if only to see what spp. of Eiixanthe
are here, it’s about the only method I know of luring them from the tree-tops!

Here’s another interesting thing today — I got two Liptena nibromacidata, off
exactly the same stem of that common palm-like Aroid and, having set them, it turns
out that the original specimen was a female! Now, incredible though it may seem,
I can come to no other conclusion, but that she was gravid, and that her scent still
persisted at this spot after five days ! , else why did I find these two males on the
exact leaf on which I caught the female? You remember, I reported two on the 20th
and that I had missed one. They were chasing each other and, I thought, fighting,
but I feel sure now, the other was a male and that this was a preliminary to copulation.
It seems extraordinary that scent could last so long, but it is difficult to explain the
occurrence in any other way. Two other points; this is the first female I have seen;
among all the long series from Katera there were none; — she has | of both wings
orange-red — and secondly this is a different race, the male has only two red spots
in the discal band of the f.w. in la and lb. and is altogether much darker above and
below.*

Later I got a female of my new purple Abisara, she is quite different from the
mate, having two blue bars on the f.w., the discal one of which is broad and turns
the corner in a right-angle towards the base at the inner-margin, and two blue streaks
on the h.w.t

Later again, I missed an interesting looking Micropentila, through falling flat on
my face over a root, just as I had arrived within reach. I took about 2” of skin off
my right-thigh and the language was superb, but unfortunately wasted on the air! !

Collecting here, is not without its’ trials, apart from the “Laws of Chance” as
above; the forest is full of blood-thirsty Tabanids and my legs and arms are covered
with lumps like chicken’s eggs, they seem extremely poisonous; — also there’s a small
black wasp which builds small carton-nests under leaves low-down along the paths,
and if one brushes against one, they attack at once and have a very painful sting. But,
who cares!

I took a fine Ascalaphid fly this morning; in my experience they are rare insects —
this one has fine mottled wings and the last three or four segments of the abdomen
below are shining white. Another #ie thing was an Ichneumonid, wings blue and
transparent in alternate bars; abdonren, thorax and head orange red and an amazing
ovipositer about 3” long. In your box I put another Ichneumonid which walks about

* Tvnical Liptena rubromceiilata rubromacidata Hk. Sm.

t This was a mistake; it is the of A. talanta cceca Riley; the (-A of tantalus Hew, is dull purple
and was taken later. ^ ^

Jan. 1952 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo 417

on the tips of its’ long legs, among and in exactly the same way as the common
long legged Muscid flies one always finds on tree trunks — I feel sure there is some-
thing in the association, also in your box another Syntomid wasp mimic of a different
sp. I will catch and include one or two of the Ichneumonids, which are very like
these moths..

26/8: My boy not yet having turned up, I determined to knock off early and

go in to Beni and send a wire, so I went and spent the morning amongst the pygmies.
My previous displeasure has evidently had some effect, for 1 was left strictly alone.
It may be merely, of course, that they have decided that I am obviously mad, so why
worry any further!

The first event of the day occurred almost as soon as I got out of the car, when
a fine fresh female of Cymothce reinholdi came down and sat within 3 feet of me and
I missed her! ! Quite a new sp. to me. It seems to be an excellent area for Cymolhm
for during the morning I took, sangaris female, beckeri female, anitorgis male, lurida
hesiodotus male, and ciceronis male and female. Also along the “handaki” seems
to be the haunt of the large Epitola and Hewitsonia, I saw many of both sexes, but only
succeeded in catching one male E. honorius and one male H. kirbyi intermedia, as
it was I had to get the former off the end of a 20 foot pole! But I shall concentrate
on these from now on.

Nothing much to report today in the “other order” line, except a magnificent, little
Sesiid, with black forewings and red hindwings, bordered with black. It is only
about 5 m.m. across!

I started a local boy off on bettles, bugs, etc. today and his first effort is good,
so in the end I ought to have a fine lot for Riley.

Then at about 1.30 I came back, to find that my boy had arrived, so now all is
well, but since we wanted various stores, I went on into Beni and on the way looked
in on the hadrianus place and sure enough I got another!

I was reading Arrow’s account of the Coleoptera in the “Standard Natural
History” (Pycraft) — incidently it's a first class book for a collector on safari — and in
the preface he says there are probably a million spp. of beetles, many of which are
destined to become extinct, before they are known, owing to the destruction of forests
throughout the world! It’s an unpleasant thought and goes much further than the
scentific point of view.

In a sense the Belgians, as holders of the vast majority of the central African
forests, hold the destiny of Africa in their hands, since it is this large area of forest
and the climate it produces, which holds the desert at bay. They are preserving large
areas in the National Park, but, of course, this is infinitesmal and they are wading
into the rest of it here around each village. It is difficult to see how else they could
feed these hordes of natives without moving them altogether, but I hope they won't
wade too far. Fortunately everything grows so luxuriantly, that food is cheap and
the acreages required, therefore, not large, but the process is going on all the same.
Is homo sapiens destined eventually to destroy himself and the world by unrestricted
increase or will we learn sense one day and control our population?

There is still so much superstition in our make-up, that I fear the latter will take
a long time, but the alternative is the destruction of the world. We then presumably
grow our gills again and go back to the sea, until that also dries up or grow stone-
crushers inside and live on sand!

I’m hoping for great things tomorrow, the weather is much better and there was
more about today.

418 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

27/8: My hopes weren’t exactly fulfilled — it was one of those tantalising days,

when the sun was continually being obscured by cloud, so that it never got warm enough
to wake things up — also I couldn’t do anything right, I either missed everything or
broke them in the net! The boy did better and got a new Enry phene, which I haven’t
had time to look up — It looks rather like female E. ciitteri, but is a male and has very
small apical bands — it’s a fine thing with | of both wings dark bronze green and an
underside like Eiiphcedra medon. As a matter of fact, (I had better own up to my
idiocy ! ), I followed one for some time and eventually caught it and after glancing at
the underside in the net, let it go, as just medon and of course, it opened its wings,

and I immediately realised my mistake! It was one of those sort of days!, but it

is on the other hand, another examule of the value of protective resemblence. I
caught 2 females of the second purple Abisara and a fine, freshly emerged female
of Hewitsonia boisdiivalis and bust them all in the net! But, later, managed to
catch a male and female Epitola, which I think belong to each other and look like
carcina in Seitz,* * and a very nice little Antliene, which I don’t know at all.t The
boy got a fine male Ps. ruhania, very dark and with a much reduced postiscal band.

I have added today another Reduviid to your Lycid group, a much finer species
— also a long-legged weevil, which I found walking amongst the Muscid flies on
a tree-trunk and I feel sure also belongs.

The beetle-boy is doing well, he brought in a lot including some fine Erotylids,

but the best thing seen today was an astonishing Meinbracid, which I took in a dull

moment; it not only has the usual horns, but a third, long one, emerges from between
them and curves right over the dorsum, ending just above the last segment. From
a lateral view it looks like a harp.

The Liptenince are improving for apart from the Epitola seen or taken, the boy
got an Eresina today and I a male and female Liptena modesta. I am conscious, that
this is becoming very boring reading and is developing into a daily list of captures —
it’s rather like those shooting safari books, which consist only of how many elephants,
i-hinocerus, etc. the author shot each day, usually before breakfast, — and which I
loathe! As I said, earlier, this is chiefly for my own amusement, but, I now realise
that you'll have to read it, because all the notes regarding the mimicry groups, etc. are
included in it! I’m afraid its’ one of the penances attached to the post of Hope
Professor! Anyway I’ll shut up for today.

28/8: It was an interesting day in that in the evening, I was paid a visit by

the Director of the Sydney Zoo, a man called Brown, of all extraordinary people
to meet here! He is collecting animals, birds and reptiles for his Zoo. I have
promised to try and get the locals to bring in birds and to forward them via the Doctor
in Beni, who has been helping the expedition. Incidently he has told me of a
New Zealander who lives near Buta and collects butterflies and since this is the way
I mean to go out, I shall go and see him.

Today’s collecting (not before breakfast!) produced two new Eury phene, both
of the interesting Eiiphcedra association and both, I think, different to the species
of yesterday. One is bronze-green, like that of yesterday, but is smaller and the
apical band is also bronze-green, not yellow.* The other belongs to the phantasia
group and is like a small spatiosa.^

* They were!

t Antliene bipuneta J. and T.

* Euryphene chlceropis B.B.
t Euryphene flaminia Stgr.

JAN. 1952 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo 419

I did well with Liptenines also, a new Pseuderesia, a new male and female
Citrinophila, and a new Epitoki — aho another Li plena rnbroniaculata, iniinacrate krausei,
Epitola honorius etc. I forgot to tell you yesterday that Neaveia lamborni turned
up, the first I’ve seen since Budongo days. It was also a Psendacrcea day, I took two
Ps. ridiaina, missed one doloniena — I think albostriata, but more important still,
1 saw in one spot, terra, hobleyi and schubotzoidesl ! So, I do not think, as you
said in your last letter, that the genus and eurytus in particular is rare in the Congo.

Unfortunately none of them came within reach, but you shall have them in
time. I am looking out for gottbergi, which I took here before, — one perfect male, — •
and which, during the war, my boy took into his head to reset and, in the process,
destroyed! I He did one or two other major errors, but, on the whole, set all
the Bwamba stuff well. It was all due to not knowing just how wet to keep his relaxing
tins and he erred always on the dry side and so broke wings occasionally. But I
don't know how I would ever have got through the Bwamba and Amani collections
without him.

There’s a fine Rednviid in your box today, with its prey, an earwig. To faci-
litate finding these things in the box, 1 will always put prey under the mouth parts
of the insect concerned.

I have seen various interesting Dipterous private affairs lately and I wish
Edwards was still alive to tell him about them — one was a mass of Cidicines
copulating and feeding at the same time, on heads of a Senecio — another — today — a
swarms of long-legged flies, probably Muse ids, circling and dancing about a foot from
the ground — the one sex, male?, has a white thorax, very conspicuous in flight and
they look like Hynienopterons until one handles them.

The beetle boy bought in, amongst a “soup” of spiders Mantids and immature
Acridiids, quite a fine collection, amongst them a magnificent beetle, which might
be an Erotylid or a female Scarabceid, I don’t know the Coleoptera well enough
to tell, but judging by its highly polished dorsal regions, I incline to the former,
on the other hand the thorax is greatly flattened and enlarged. It is black, with red
thorax and red, lateral, patches on the elytra.* And so goodnight and to bed. —

29/8: A bad day — it rained all night and most of the morning and I went

out at about 11 o’clock into a swamp! The sun didn’t really come out at all, but
I managed to find a fine female of the purple Abisara, talantiis or whatever it is
and a small Anthene new to mef.

Talking of the Abisara, I am inclined to think this sp. is intermedia, from the
description in Seitz — it is strange that so far, the common black and white Uganda
sp. neavi and the rarer simidacris seem to be absent. I cannot think that they are
confined to Uganda, but it is just this sort of thing I am trying to find out. I have
made complete distribution lists of everything in my collection and will now keep
them up-to-date, but I’m afraid many common spp. went home to you, before
I made the lists, — one day some industrious person can bring them to completion by
going through the Hope collections.

The Anthene today is, I think, laniprocles. 1 spent most of the day collect-
ing beetles, bugs, grasshoppers, etc., but did not get anything of special interest.

I hear there is a petrol shortage, which might completely upset my safari, as
I wanted to go out via Stanleyville, Aba, Yei, Juba and then back into Uganda.
It’s rather bad luck that this particular period has concided with a tyre-shortage
in Uganda and now petrol here — I gather also it’s likely to last sometime. I have

* A stag-beetle (Lucanidte).
t Neuryphexina lamprocles Hew.

420

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

managed to buy a drum here, but that would not be enough and, in any case, I
can’t transport it. However, we’ll see, I expect I shall be able to beg my way
through — if necessary, I can wait for the shortage to be over in some good spot
en route.

30/8; Again a terrible day, this is the sort of climate one associates with the
Himalayas and such-like places, not Africa. As a matter of fact the proximity of
Ruwenzori probably has a lot to do with it.

However one never knows and on the way home somewhat disconsolate, I
caught a fine form of eurytus* Until I got home I thought it was a female of
gottbergi, which it exactly mimics! You’ll have to see this then when I get home.
Also on the path I got another, new Anihene, this time I think leptines and while
I was searching tree trunks for beetles, I had the great good luck to find a
micropentila just emerged from its’ pupa, tho’ I couldn’t find the latter.

So, as I say, even a really dud day, like this one, sometimes comes up to scratch.

I did well also with beetles, some fine little Curculionids, Cerambicids in variety,
of which one more species went into your Lycid complex, and another is one of the
largest I have ever seen, belonging to the first sub-family, whose name I forget. I
also put a Dipteron among the Lycids, black body and wings and red thorax, I
think it belongs, but am not sure.

One very interesting thing I found today when I was emptying the beetle-boy’s
tin, among which was this huge Cerambicid. In the cotton-wool was a strange,
whitish brown looking thing, that looks like a sack with arms ending in a bulb from
which small extensions emerge, like feet, but they do not appear to have joints or
claws. There is nothing recognisable in it even under a fairly strong lens, nevertheless
it looks like a very degenerate dipterous parasite and, if so it must have come off
the Cerainbicidl

It will be interesting to hear what Riley makes of it — The Provincial Com-
missioner paid me a visit today; I must say these people go out of their way to
help and he called to “see that I had everything I wanted’’. I am ashamed of
myself as usual, whenever I visit another country — like most of us, I cannot really
speak French, whereas all, or nearly all, the Belgians speak English well. On the
whole we’re a very badly educated race, don’t you think?

I think I was a little hasty about my remarks on the Kalinzu forest, for today
I took one of the purple Abisara off the boards and it is obviously the Kalinzu

species! Now this, with the Acrcea, if it is really kalinzu, and the obvious race of

Cymothoe indainora makes three of the species from that area, which I had thought

to be definitely endemic to it.* It may be that, on comparison all the Kalinzu forms

will prove to be sub-species and that, therefore, the Kivu-Ruwenzori, Kalinzu area,
has been longer isolated than Katera, Budongo, and the rest of Uganda, I am rather
inclined to think that this will be the case.

Kalinzu is a strange and interesting area for on the one hand it is very close
to Ruwenzori and one finds things like Acraa johnstoni buttleri, Mycalesisi inainta
which are typical Ruwenzori spp. and on the other, it stretches almost down the
escarpment to the shores of the Lake Edward, which, via the Semiliki, is no distance
at all from the Ituri Forest and so from the Central African forests as a whole.

Ps. eurytus f. ruhama Hew.

The Acrcea was not kalinzu which remains endemic to the Kalinzu Forest, as does also the
sub sp. of Cy. indainora.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Trip to the Belgian Congo

421

I am quite certain that Kalinzu would repay the expense of a real survey, but
the trouble is that it is hardly opened up at all. There are no tracks or roads through
it, no paths even, since the local natives never go in, on account, I think, of the
Chimpanzees. Probably they recognize their own remote ancestors!!, but everyone
is scared stiff of them. The forest goes down in steps from the fairly high altitude
of Ankole, to the very-low one of Lake Edward and has. I’m sure, immense possi-
bilities from an entomological point of view.

31/8: I had one hour's collecting today, after which a colossal thunder-storm,

descended on us and reduced the country to a shambles! I have now lit a fire and
closed all the windows and doors; such is life in tropical Africa!

There is no doubt of the potentialities of this place, if only the weather would
clear — in our brief period of semi-darkness we got an Eresina, another Liptena
nibromaculata, Liptena o-nihnmi, which I’ve looked at for many years in Seitz and
hoped one day to find, and U ranothaiima poggei. The latter seems to be the only
one of the genus here, it is, in my experience a rare species, but I think there’ll be
remark under poggei? — that the figure marked poggei in plate 72 i, is either wrongly
marked or a species unknown to him — it is actually rather a good plate of antinorii'.

The Cupido (sens lat.), are conspicuous by their absence here — normal of course,
for a forest area. A very interesting bug turned up today, a Rediiviid, I presume;
one of those strange Mantis mimics, but this one is even more strange in that it is
procrypticaily coloured like lichen — I’ll put it in your box — and, talking of lichen, I
found yesterday an extraordinary cricket, long and flat, with long legs placed
straight out fore and aft and antennoe about 2” long. It sits on lichen covered
tree-trunks and is mottled and coloured exactly like the lichen — I'm afraid both it
and the bug will lose their colour in the box, but you can imagine the pale green
ground colour and the black speckles and mottling, being very hard to pick out
among lichen.

I found also another of those little Sesiids, I mentioned the other day and put it
among the Lycids, it might or might not belong, in flight it is of the same colouring —
red and black — in any case it is a fine little insect and I’d like you to see it.

Well, we'll see what tomorrow brings forth, I should not be at all surprised if it
snowed! Anyway, thank the Lord, I am not up on Ruwenzori, I often think
Edwards, Taylor and I were extraordinarily lucky, when we were there, in that we
scarcely had any rain at all — a very unusual occurrence on the range.

1/9; The dawn of September was one of the murkiest I have yet seen; by
11 o’clock it was just light enough to see! So I decided to go and drown by sorrows
in a bottle of beer and some lunch at the Hotel — Madame, as one would expect,
gives one an excellent lunch. Also I wanted a few stores and this, being a civilised
country ! , the shops open on Sunday for half the day for the convenience of travellers
and for the natives, who, if at work, only get off on Sundays — no such thing, of
course, in a British Colony!

So, off I went, did my shopping, had my very good lunch and then at 2 o’clock,
for T to I hour only of sunlight, I went down one of the sawyer’s path and saw more
and did better than I think I have done in any one day since I arrived! Thereafter
almost without warning the deluge descended once more and I got soaked to the skin!
But in my 4 hour, I took a perfect female of Eiiryphene plistonax one of the most
difficult of all spp. in my experience to catch. She left the path immediately she saw
me which is normal and I virtually gave up, but followed just on the chance and
in a sunny patch in the forest, I got, her! Then appeared two females of Eiiryphene
rubrocostata, I had rather suspected we had only seen males, so far and sure enough

422 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

the female is quite a different thing — unfortunately I missed the good specimen and
got an old one, but it is enough to show. Instead of being green like the male,
she is brown, the h.w. entirely so, the f.w. also, except at the base which is blue-
green. The apical band is yellow as in the male, but much broader and tlie apex
is broader white.

A fine male Abisara rutherfordi, another of my new Eury phene which I think
must be Bakers’ chlceropis, but the descriptions of his four species aren’t very good
and there are no plates, two Eupluedra zaddacki seen for the first time, (and it is
another of the Kalinzu spp. !, tho’, of course, not endemic) etc. etc. — apart from
these, there were many more butterflies, in general, about. My boy brought in a
perfect male Hewitsonia boisduvali, another, E. chlceropis and an Eresina — if only the
sun would shine all would be well, but I am not complaining, since the Administrator
has agreed to allow my boy to remain here for 12 months, so the final result should
be good!

I hope to arrange that he can go on a bit further also and it has the advantage
that he will get to know the chiefs etc. and I can then send him back, later on. It
is extraordinary how suscepptible some families are to cyanide — my bottle is far from
strong, since it was made up before the war!, and is really only used as a receptacle,
yet I have just put one of those powerful flying male Lassiocampids into it and it
died instantly. An Acrwa unpinched, would live, I should say 4 hour, so would
m.any beetles, there must be great differences in the trachese and general nervous,
systems in the different families, though I have never seen this particular point
explained.

This morning I was paid a visit, by the Territorial Agent and his wife and two
grand kids, one of whom had just come from having his tonsils removed! They are
charming people. My friends from Kenya, if they are coming at all, should arrive
shortly, one, Malcolm Berkley, is a collector, but it will be pleasant either way, to
have some companions.

I took the new eiirytiis form off the boards today, it is an extraordinarily good
mimic of Ps. gottbergi female and, therefore, of some of the Western Beniatistes.

Strangely enough, the latter group has been conspicuous by its absence, in fact
the first was caught today, a S. lellits schubotzi — this means nothing in a place
like this and shortly, no doubt, they will be swarming. I am, however, interested, in
that so far I have seen or taken the following forms of eurytiis, terra, tirikensis,
schiibotzoides, hobleyi, and this new one, besides Ps. gottbergi, so you will have
to await results here, before completing your Presidential address! I will send
everything as soon as I get back and the boys’ captures as they arrive.

2/9: I went out today about 10 o’clock to the sawyer’s paths and it turned out

to be our first really fine day throughout, but just as I was going to write and tell
you about it last night, up came M. le Commandant, or as they call him here the
Kommandaa! He has large concessions about here and is responsible for the
clearings for palm-oil and rice, where I went the other day. An interesting and
very nice chap — regular Belgian army — and went with their troops through Juba and
Gambela in co-operation with 2/6 K.A.R. during the advance. He stayed the night
and gave me a lot of useful information.

The most notable capture yesterday was a strange large, dark blue insect with
white apical bars which looked like an Eupheedra, but flopped along in front of
me and then off into the forest. I followed and by great good luck caught it and
it turns out to he Melanitis ansorgeil It is one of the most interesting butterflies

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

423

I’ve ever seen, dark blue with small white apical bars and the f.ws. deeply emarginate
and with black mealy spots. It must, I think, be a mimic of the blue Eiipluedras. I
then got two fine females of Enryphene ruhrocostata, which I described yesterday
and others were Deiidorix nomenia,* a new Liptena, an interesting Dendorix of the
white underside group, resembling a Hypolyccena only this time, it is even better, since
it has a long broad white tail on the h.ws. like angelita, but is not that species. I
think it is the female of otreadaf, but Aurivillius scarcely mentions the tails in this
group.

Apart from these we got masses of other good stuff, all, I think, mentioned before.
One interesting beetle came my way, a small Elaterid, very unusually coloured, with
red brown elytra and black head, which I took flying and I’m sure belongs to the
Lycid group.

The boy brought in an insect, obviously collected dried and dead off a tree trunk.
As first sight, I thought it was merely an ant, but on examination with a lens, it has

two sharp horns on the thorax and, as well as the antenns, a long feeler from the top

of the thorax, the pair of which has probably been broken off.

If it is not an ant, it is an extremely good mimic and, since I can’t quite make

it out, it is on the right hand side of Box No. 1 for diagnosis.

3/9: The Commandant left in the morning and it being very dull and trying to

rain, I did not leave till 11.30.

First I took some Pygmie photos, as they had collected some “woad” and painted
themselves for the purpose! I went down to their village to take them, a series
of tiny beehive huts, roofed with banana leaves and right in the forest.

Then off collecting. The chief point of interest was that one of the yellow
barred Eiiphcedras made its appearance — I saw three and got one, they are lovely
things and I’ve never seen them alive before — I think this one is gausape. Then late
in the afternoon at the same time and place as before, I captured eiirytus
opisthoxantha and e. schiibotzoides, but stupidly chased something else with the former
in my hand and lost it in the bush! Later still and almost out in the open, on
my way back to the car, my first Papilio theorini — an interesting species, with its
strange Acreea-like underside. I have been looking at various brown Enryphene
during the past few days and usually leaving them since they appeared from the under-
sides to be Icetitioides. But in the process I noticed that some had a strong violet
sheen, which I don’t remember in the Budongo species and today, saw one basking,
which seemed to be orange-red and so obviously so, that I decided it was time to
catch a series and examine them. In the end I got 4 and 2 females, one of which
I have seen about fairly often and taken to be a rather washed out female of
Euryphura plautillal But having got this one and examined it, it proves, definitely,
similar and then set them; result, 2, as I say, very distinct females and at least 2, may
be 3, distinct males,! ! which shows how very careful one ought to be with these
groups. I’ll let you know, later, when they’re off the boards what I make of them,
but, in the meanwhile shall take every one I see.

Tomorrow, weather permitting, we shall have our first real day with banana
bait, since it is now ready in sufficient quanties and we ought then to lure the rarer
species out. I missed a Diestogyna today, which I think is jacksoni, it had that red
underside, there is only one in the B.M., the type, and I have a paratype, so more
must be found. Strangely enough the females seem commoner and I think there

* Hypomyrina nomenia Hew.
t Hypokopelates otreada Hew.

424 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

are 5 or 6 at the B.M. or in my collection; of the other new specie# from Katera,
chalybeata, I think I got a very worn specimen early on here; a female Epitola, with
the f.w. broadly white as in batesi, but which appears yellowish below, completed
the day.

Yesterday, I watched the courtship of a batch of those long-legged, log-walking
Muscid flies, one or two, of which, are in your box. First the males fight; they
approach clasp interlock the prolegs and then butt each other with their heads.
Sometimes both fall off the log, in which case the wings are used (which they are
otherwise very rarely, incidently) and then one or both come back. The female in
the meanwhile, merely waits and goes on feeding. However, when one decides he has
won the day, he walks over the top of the female, — he is very much bigger and taller
than she is — places his prolegs over hers’ and his other legs at the sides and behind,
so that she cannot escape and copulation takes place, he bending his abdomen,
downwards beneath the tips of her wings to meet hers’.

4/9: It was a bloody day! !, I’m sorry but that is the only adjective to describe

it, rain all the morning and cold, damp, half sunlight in the afternoon, ending as
usual in a fine evening, which is no use to anyone. It’s really most demoralising
and after a solid month of it one expects a break, but there is no such sign. A few
Liptenince woke up about 1 o’clock and I got 3 or 4 Pseuderesia isca and one male
Epitola carcina, while the boy brought a male and female Abisara rutherfordi.

One interesting observation was made, however; on a patch of wet mud (it
was all wet, but this seemed attractive!) were a few Lyccenids feeding and among
them an Uranothauma poggei, which I wanted. When I got close up, however, I
saw that it was lying with wings open, on its back and obviously dead. This seemed
very strange and I wondered why and since it seemed quite a good specimen, I
picked it up. In doing so, I felt a slight pull and there, underneath, was a very
impleasant looking bug, which had eaten half the abdomen.

This is a new departure in butterfly predators, in my experience at least; it must
have caught the butterfly when it was feeding on the sand, since it was quite fresh
and relaxed, when I found it! I have put them both, side by side, in your box— you
can’t mistake them — the bug is a horrible mud-coloured thing with two large eyes
placed wide apart above and on either side of the head on the edge of the carapace
and obviously designed for seeing upwards and outwards and with single long, sharp
claws to the feet for grasping.

The head is carried right under the carapace and in general it looks more like
a spirulam tick than a bug! I think it has also a pair of smaller eyes on the top
of the head. A very pleasant thing to meet, if one was about that size or smaller ! ,
have you ever thought v/hat life would have been like to a man living in the age
of the Dinosaurs? Life in the insect world must be just about like that! That large
handsome, highly, polished beetle I mentioned the other day is a female stag-
beeele, the boy, today, producd a fine male with fully developed horns, a smaller
male and another female, — it’s a very fine species. He also brought two Cetoniids,
one a magnificent translucent bluish-green insect, which I have never seen before.
They shall go to John Gedye at the Coryndon, who specialises in the Cetoniince.

There are some fine Cerambicids, of the sub-family Cerabicince, here, long bodies,
long legs and long antennae and all magnificent irridescent colours. One is dark
blue, and green with red legs and scarlet thorax and another bronze-green, with
golden thorax. They all give off that strong scent, when caught, which is exactly the
same to our scent senses as that of the Ant Lions. It is extraordinarily strong and
and persistent, even emerging strongly from the lid of a tin in which the insect has
been killed and in my experience, is only produced by the bronzy Cemambicince and

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

425

not at all by the Lamiince. It should be an interesting substance from the chemical
point of view, even, if only, from its most efficient spreading properties.

5/9: I had better refrain altogether from mentioning today in case the qualifying

adjective gets out of hand!, suffice it to say that this time it rained all day and so I
took my car into Beni and had the brakes re-lined. I also bought myself a box of
cigars. So, that during these glooming days at home, I could at least, im.prove my
cough and so do something useful! Contrary to expectation, they were not cheap,
about 30/- for 50, whereas cigarettes are about half our price. On the v/ay home at
4 p.m., more for exercise than anything else, I went down one of the saw paths, —
nothing, not even a Catuna, but right on the edge, nearly back on the road, a female
Diestogyna got up and looked a bit unusual to me, so I took it and it is one of those
interesting “unmarried” females; luteostriata-butleri being the other one of this group.
I do not believe, as is possible, with the latter, that this is a form of ribensis, it is
much too different. So somewhere we must find the males and, after my experience
with the two Euryphene groups, mentioned below, I am considerably shaken and
shall catch and examine all males of D. goniogramma which is the common species
of the ribensis group here.

Now, the Euryphene; — first there are the two spp. belonging to the phantasia
group and secondly those like Icetitioides which I discussed the other day. As regards
the former, both have bronze green females (I cannot quite make up my mind as to

the sexes, but that doesn’t matter), which are alike except that one has a narrov/

yellow sub-apical bar enclosing two small spots of the ground colour and in the other
this bar is bronze-green like the rest of the markings, but in the cell of the forewing,
there are some, prominent black spots. In the other sex, males?, both are exactly
alike, brown with yellow sub-apical bar and white apices- except, again, that in the
first species, the yellow bar encloses two small spots of the ground colour. Another
puzzling likeness is that in males, the sub-apical yellow bar is of exactly the same
width, shape and extent and only differs in this character of enclosing in the one,
two small spots of the ground colour.

Below, both spp. and both sexes are practically identical. So one had to decide,
were they spp. or merely forms of each other? and then, suddenly, I saw the real

point oof difference. The clubs of the anternae! In the female the first are white

and the second black and in the males, both are white, but the first entirely so and
the second only at the apical half.! ! So there is, no doubt about their specific
rank, but their identity is a different matter. I thought I had sorted them out below,
by the fact that the small white apical spot was broader in one species, than the
other and then discovered that in one sex, the males (brown) they are exactly the
same ! *.

Then the Icetitioides group; there are again two spp., the males differ only in
the ground colour, above and below, one reddish, one dark brown above; one again
dull reddish, the other greenish below, but the markings are almost identical on
both surfaces, t

This is carrying protective resemblance to an almost unparalled degree, since not
only do the first two, in one sex, almost exactly resemble Eupheedra spatiosa and
female E. medon, but they are exactly like each other and similarly the Icetitioides pair
are confusingly like each other in the males and both resemble the commoner and
larger E. absolon. The females of the latter are, of course, quite different and it is

* The “males” were E. flaminia Stgr. and E. maximiana Stgr., the “females” E. chlcerophis B.B.,
(black-tipped antennae), and E. leptotypa B.B. (yellow-tipped antennae).

t That with female like Euryphura was E. fulgurata Auriv., the other E. iturina Karsdi.

426 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Collection Trip to Belgian Congo VoL. xx

interesting that, if I am right in my diagnosis of the sexes in the former pair, and
I think I am, then it is the males which have evolved the greatest degree of resemblance
in this case. The explanation would be, of course, that the females have followed
other models, in the first group the bronze-green Euphcedras and in the second (a)
others of the many females with sub-apical bars and (b) female forms of Euryphura
plautilla. I am not boasting, in any way, when I say, that these two pairs would
puzzle most entomologists, let alone the rest of “Homo sapiens”, and so what hope
has a bird? ! !

Next to my Lyccenidce, I have always been especially interested in the
Nymplialince and have always systematically collected them, wherever, I have been
and so studied them fairly well. Taking the Euryphene, Diestogyna and Euphcedm,
only, for the moment, though I believe other genera could be included, they
conform to certain laws, one of which, in my opinion, is that, although almost always
sexually dimorphic, they are seldom, if ever, polymorphic in any given area.

The plot thickens with regard to the Icetitioides Euryphene for today I took and
set up 4 females of the latter type and there are two different forms, one brown with
a white subapical bar, the other greenish with a yellow sub-apical bar! They are
easy enough to separate and quite distinct.* The males are a different matter — I set
6 today and think I have sorted them, but the final decision and, also, as to which
male belongs to which female, will have to wait until they come off the boards.

So there are now three spp., all exactly resembling each other below! the reddish
male with its’ very different plaiitilla-\\kQ female and these two above. The day
started in great style, not a cloud in the sky and, I thought, now at last, here’s
a break — not a bit of it, at 11.30 a colossal thunderstorm broke over us, it rained solidly
till 4 p.m. and I got soaked to the skin! But before this, with the help of lots of
banana bait, I did quite well and amongst other things caught a female Charaxes
liadrianiisl It was great luck, she was obviously attracted by the bait, but wasn’t
on it and when I arrived got up off the ground before I had seen her and sat on a
bush on the side of the track. I followed, but, in spite of careful searching couldn’t
see here at all, so I moved nearer and up she got and went off through the forest,

which shows that this very conspicuous looking pattern, isn’t a bit conspicuous in

nature! I then gave her up, but through the belt of forest in that direction, I knew
of a large clearing and it was just possible, she would settle in it, so I followed
again and right at the end, on a low bush, there she was! The female differs only

from the male in the larger spots of the forewing and in having much larger or

thicker, sub-marginal lunules on the hindwing, its’ a fine insect and a wonderful
capture. On the banana bait I took a female Euryphene of another new species! She
is larger than the others, with a broad, white apex and a white sub-apical bar tailing
off into yellow towards the distal margin and below has a very large square white
spot on the costa of the hindwing. The ground colour is mostly pale blue above and
it is, altogether, a fine mimic of the blue Euphadra. It might be phranza. I got
also, two more Melanitis ansorgei, a fine male El. boisduvali, a male Liptena o-rubrum
and all those Icetitioides Euryphene, so the two hours, I was allowed, produced good
results and it was worth a ducking!

Another new beetle was added to the Lycid group; again, I am uncertain of the
family, also a small Cerambicid of, I think, a new species. It is growing and
should make a good exhibit. No wasps as yet, nor have I seen another of that fine
Asilid.

Two species may be involved, but at the moment both are placed to E. Icetitioides J. and T.

Jan. 1952 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo All

7/9: Yesterday about 4 p.m., just as I was getting down to sorting the days

catch a party of Kitale people arrived ! , and persuaded me to go back and dine with
them at the Hotel, so I just had time to set a few special things and then off I
went. It was quite a memorable day, though again I got wet through. I think the
best thing I got was Euryphene symphona, its’ a most immaculate insect, in that all
the markings are so neat and precise and also one of the most interesting, I have
seen; above an exact mimic of the blue Euplui'dras, particularly of E. {xpete) cyanea,
which it also mimics below. The underside is lovely, a sort of mahogany colour,
with crimson costa and a pale blue green spot below and round jet-black spots in
the cell. Others were Diestogyna ganibice, new to me, a tine male E. plistonax and
quite a lot more of the phantasia group Eiiryphenes, among the latter is a much
larger species and a single female belonging to something else, but 1 will wait till
they’re off the boards, with some more 1 got today before discussing them. One
however, must be mentioned, — you remember the two of this group 1 discussed before
and was finally certain I had found the right pairs, well 1 was wrong, for yesterday
1 got a female of the all bronze one, which now turns out to be of male. The one
pair are alright, male brown, female bronze,* * both yellow-barred and with white
antennal clubs. There remains the other male, also brown with half-white antennal
clubs and with also, a yellow, sub-apical bar, but not enclosing any spots of the
ground colour and he, so far, is without a mate. The bronze species, of which 1
got the female yesterday, both have black antennal clubs,* and it just shows that
my second law, i.e. that the markings in the two sexes must be exactly the same,
or they don’t belong to each other, is correct and I should have been suspicious of
of the difference in the antennre. This new female is quite a different looking
insect to the male in colour and size, but she agrees exactly in marking and antennae.

There was such a rush yesterday that I don’t remember much more about it

except that another Rediiviid went into your box, with its prey and a small
borer beetle, not a Bostrichid, however.

8/9: Apart from a shower at midday, it was fine throughout and, for once

I am properly tired! I am beginning to wonder whether practically all the west

African insects do not occur here in their proper times and seasons, I for today 3 more
turned up, Euphcedra themis, probably vetiisla, Euryphene phranza, a very line thing
with its large snow-white spot below, and Dielogyna lysandra. Then 1 had the
great luck to take a male and female Ps. doloinena, wnich 1 think belong to the
typical race, — the male had to be caught on the end of a 20 ft. pole! — and yesterday,
by the way, a bad speciment of Ps. clarki. So the Pheudacrccas are all here. Ps.
eurytus striata will. I’m sure, turn up, 1 think I saw it today!, and, as 1 said earlier,
I know Ps. gottbergi occurs.

Finally a new Liptena, L, fatinia, an interesting species with the Pierid reddish
yellow basal costal patch below like Citrinophila erastus, which it is extraordinarily
like on the wing.

I put another beetle, very good mimic this time, and another Cerainbicid among
your Lycids today and nearly tilled a tin for the B.M.! Some grand things, among
them two of those Ceranibicid wasp mimics, bronze with red-legs, and a very large
Pentatomid, which I tipped out of the boys tin onto the table and the room still
smells of bug! One other thing occurred today — the banana patches are always
covered with those fierce little black wasps, but, if one puts a net over them to catch
a butterfly, they don’t seem to mind and merely fly away when released. Today,

* E. phantasia Hew perhaps, but I do not think I was right.

* E. chlcpropis B.B.

t It did noti, nor does it occur so far east.

428

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

however, I took it into my head to stir up one patch, so I took a stick and started,—
immediately I was covered with them attacking in force, and stung all over, face,
neck, arms, legs, an extremely painful proceeding and I shall not be stirring any more
bait in future! ! And so goodnight.

8/9; I’ve been suffering today from my encounter with the wasps, they’re
evidently extremely poisonous, since both hands have been like footballs all day and
irritating and burning like hell! Apart from that it has a mild sort of reaction and
so I came home a bit early, before, in fact, the banana bait was at its best, which is
between 2 and 3 p.m. — so my efforts, as far as Nyphalince were concerned, weren’t very
great. The boy, however, had a gala day and though nothing new turned up
he got lot of good things, including another Euryphene phranza male

and another Charaxes hadrianus. It was also a Pseudacrcea day, for the

boy got a fine female of that new eurytus form and I, another dolomena and a fine

form of what I have been calling ruhania. Since this one has a broad orange bar

on the f.w. and looked very different, I examined the others and none of them are
ruhamal for all lack spots in the cell of the f.w. above and below and have instead
a thick black streak like gottbergi. They vary a lot as to the formation of the
f.w. bar, bnt according to Seitz, cannot be anything else but forms of gottbergi; on
the other hand the original specimen I got near Irumu, and which the boy destroyed,
agreed with the figure in Seitz, and these do not. Secondly, my new form of eurytus
is, as I said, extremely like the female of ruhama and the females of gottbergi — it has
the spots in the cell of the f.w. below — it might easily be the female of ruhania,
but I do not think so, and I feel confident it is eurytus*

Today, I watched two interesting laying operations — first a female of Pseudacrcea
boisduvali, which was laying on a sapling about 10 ft. high — the fact that it was so low
down, and that it was in dense shade are both interesting points — I believe most
species lay low down in a forest, and so escape some of the attentions of birds which
are usually prone to keep in the sunlight of the canopy. The eggs are laid on the
underside of the leaves, which is quite an undertaking for a big heavy butterfly, such
as this — she would investigate a leaf carefully, and then reverse and flop underneath.
There’s no other word to describe it; often she made two or three attempts before
getting herself in the right position. I thought how extraordinarily vulnerable
she was all the time, should a bird have been watching. Mark you, throughout, the
Acrcea-WkQ pattern was ostentatiously exposed. The eggs are very large, half as
large again as those of a Charaxes, rather shallowly domed and with a broad flat
base. They are yellowish white and covered with a sticky secretion, when freshly laid.
Then just opposite on a tree-trunk with a slender creeper climbing up it, was a
female of Precis westerrnanni, also laying, and, out of 4 eggs I saw laid, only one
was placed on the creeper, the other three being laid among moss on the bark of
the tree! So the young larva has to find its’ way and a fairly long way for so minute
a thing, to it’s food. On the other hand I suppose the egg is safe from parasites
among the moss.

It is strange how spp. suddenly appear in a big forest like this, obviously freshly
emerged and then as suddenly disappear. Either they disperse or the struggle for
existence is very severe and life is short. I rather incline to the latter view, since
occasionally one recognises a certain insect in the same place, say with a tear in
its’ wings, day after day, especially where there is bait, but the majority are there one
day and gone the next. I saw three fresh Euphadra gausape, that day, when I
reported catching one and not one since and there are many similar cases, bnt no
doubt both reasons are involved.

The original specimens were al forms of Pi. goltbergi Dew. and the “new” one was Ps.
eurytus f. ruhama Hew. female.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Trip to the Belgian Congo

429

10/9: A bad day! — it threatened heavy rain since early and since the track is

so wet these days that I have to leave my car a long way off, which means a certain
ducking if it rains, I decided to give it a miss. At about 11.30 a.m. I went along
to one of the sav/yers paths and took a fine male Melanitis ansorgei and, incidently,
the first specimen of Euryphene mardania. I’ve seen here, so far. The former, i.e.
the Melanitis. suddenly seems to be common here, or may be it finds banana irresist-
able!, but, either way, we have captured 8 or 9 recently. The female is also
plain dark blue with whitish apical band, but is a little paler. The boy found on
his bait a female of Cymothos bonnyi* rather worn and old, but sufficiently good to
show it is a fine species. An Asilid with its’ prey, a small, very hard, Bostrichid
beetle, started off your second tin today.

Before going out today I examined the latitioides group, now set up, and I
cannot separate them at all, nor can I separate the females below, although above
they are quite different and, when you see them. I’m sure you’ll agree, look distinct
spp. Of course I may still lack one male. Anyway the investigation proved the
separate identity of the reddish brown species with the plautilla like female, v.'hic’n
is one good result. Another form requiring investigation is micans, of E. absolon.
I have see it here, but I’ve also seen and caught several typical absoion and, on my
theory, I strongly doubt if micans with its’ strong purple sheen, can be a form of
absolon occurring with it in the same place. I think it will undoubtedly prove
to be a distinct species. I’m still enduring intense irritation from the wasp stings —
all insect bites, with the exception, strangly enough, of mosquitos, have this poisonous
effect on me and I wish I knew of an antidote — most people, except when young,
seem to be more or less impervious to them!

Another eurytus schubotzoides today and several more tirikensis have turned up.
I haven’t seen obscura yet, but I should think its’ counterpart is this new form
mimicing the West African Bematistes spp. So far all forms are here, with the above
exception, in about equal proportions, but its’ much too soon to judge.

11/9: My first really strenuous day and by all counts the best! — I did not

stop collecting till after 4 p.m. and the boy arrived back just before me and between
us there are some lovely things. The new spp. are Cymolhae reinholdi, 2 males;
Diestogyna melanops again 2 males and two more interesting looking inembers of
my phantasia group Euryphene; more about these when they’re set. Besides the
latter two, quite a lot more, of those we had before, some of which I haven’t yet
worked out. I had been expecting Euxanthe trajanus on the bananas and it turned
up today and in the same place, as I caught mine, the boy got 2 more perfect males
Charaxes hadrianus. That is now 5 miles from the same spot, with one male and the
female elsewhere — one would expect the females to disperse and try and colonise other
parts of the forest, but this is a case of my “island” idea.

We took masses more, but I will not bore you with them — two Pseudacrceas,
however, must be mentioned. First a perfect male Ps. clarki and second — I think
the best capture of the day — a form of these Ps. gottbergi (or whatever they are) or
may be a new species. The fo^wing is similar to the others with a narrow
yellowish median band, but the hindwing has a white median band! Apart from
that there are strange black patches filling most of the cell of the hindwings — it’s a
grand form and one of the most exciting things, I have caught so far.* Mention must
be made of the first male Cynadra opis, common I know, but the loveliest of all
African butterflies and I defy anyone to dispute it! !

Cy. infuscata J. and T.

A form of Ps. gottbergi Dew,

430 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

I had more to set to night than the boards would hold, so have not even sorted
the beetles, bugs etc. and cannot tell you about them. I had a fine view today of
some of those minute flies being fed by ants. The association was (1) frog-hoppers
on the end of a stem, (2) minute ants tickling them and apparently feeding from the
mouth of the frog-hopper, not, be in noted, from the anus! and (3) these minute
Dipterous hovering over all and I think tickling the ants with their forelegs and being
fed by them. At all events every now and then an ant would raise its head towards
a fly, but both are so small that it was difficult to see. I will try and collect a few
of each, but they are so minute, it is difficult.

It is now raining hard, but, temporarily, I don’t mind ! !

12/9: I have placed in a test-tube in your box No. 2 a few each of the frog-

hopper ant and dipteron association between two wads of cotton wool, they should,
I think, travel alright like that. Also next the large Asilid with prey are two small
beetles and the afl'air is this; there’s a large tree felled across a clearing, quite
severed and dead, but with the one end still resting on the butt, about 4 ft. from the
ground. It was a good beetle collecting spot and as I visited it day by day I saw a
lot of other things Hym.enoptera, Diptera, etc. and so investigated as to what they
were all doing. It turned out that these small beetles bore small holes just inside
the bark, in which they sit, with the anal shield just exactly blocking the exit of the
hole like a stopper. And from the edges of the holes sap is oozing and attracting
a whole host of other insects. I made quite sure that they were not feeding from
the anus of the beetles — in every case it is from the edges of the holes. There was
no point I felt in collecting and sending you all these things, it seemed merely neces-
sary to record them and the list includes; many other bettles, including Ciiridionids,
Buprestids, Brenthids, Elaterids and others, several Ichneumons, the small black
wasp which was the cause of my downfall the other day, several spp. of ants, many
flies, a female Charaxes etheocles form carpenteri, which I caught, and finally a large
slug, which was travelling from hole to hole today ! It seems almost incredible that
such large things as a Charaxes and a slug should have been attracted by such minute
quantities of sap, and the case struck me as just worth recording.

I wasn’t very successful today. I ruined it as a day, by loosing a fine specimen
of the rare Euryphene, I should think it is nivaria* — distal half of wings dark green,
basal half light green, and apparently no white apices. Its’ a most tricky thing. I’ve
seen it twice before and its always off like a flash, but today thhere was one on some
banana quietly feeding and by being too long about it, I lost it. I have been waiting
for it, since I saw the first one nearly a month ago and was duly disappointed at
missing this one. Although I did not scare it by having a shot, yet, as is the habit
of the beast, it never came back. Apart from that there was little or nothing about
in my part of the forest and another female Diestogyna lysandra was the only notable
thing I took. The boy, however, 7 or 8 miles away in the saw-paths, did better and
brought nearly as large a collection as yesterday including, Euxanthe trajaniis, female;
Ch. hadrianus, 2 males; Euphoedra themis male and female; Diestogyna gambice
female; Euphcedra imitans male, and another of the brown Pseudacrcea gottbergi.

I am rather looking forward to moving on, a little further, I have been here
nearly a month, which is enough for one safari and, in any case, the boy remains
behind, so I am hoping my friends will soon arrive or let me know that they are not
coming. They are rather more than due.

19/9: There is nothing to report today — I didn’t get wet through because I sat

under a tree, but I had to sit there for about 3 hours and my temper was shocking
at the end of it!

This was correct; E. nivaria Ward,

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Trip to the Belgian Congo

431

In the evening, however, my friend, E. J. Tyack, from Kenya, arrived, so now
all is well, and we can move out of this permanent watering-can as soon as we like!
He brought me mail and amongst them was one very welcome letter from you, but
I shall wait till, I’m back in Uganda, before I answer, as mails seem very uncertain
from here.

14/9: My friend has brought me luck, for today, has been one of my best.

I must. I’m afraid, give you the list, it was so especially good. Far and away first on
the list comes a fine specimen of female Cyniothce reinholdi and I now know that
it is reinholdi and not hyarbita, since it has the red transverse line on the hindwing
beneath. It is a very interesting thing very like Amauris niavius and some of the
female Bematistes on the wing. Nearly equal with that, was a female Epitola,
honorins, again an amazing thing, with its broad white Bematistes — like post-discal
bar. This bar is quite unlike that of any other Epitola I know and is dead white.
A female of Eiiryphene phranza was the next nev/ thing, again a fine mimic of
Eupheedra spatiosa — really, these Euryphene, in both sexes with their Enpheedra models
would make a fine exhibit — this is a most unusual form of female for one of the
iturina group. A female of Diestogyna gambice, another female Charaxes hadrianus,
another of the Phantasia Eury phenes — I suspect, again a new species!, 2 more Ps.
gottbergi, and another Ps. clarki, male and female Euryphene plistonax, 3 females
Cymothce diphyia and the boy got a female Cy. anitorgis, besides masses more of
lesser importance — it was a wonderful day.

Finally a very unusual and interesting beetle went into your box. It is a large
Elaterid, which I caught flying; to start with this is unusual for the family by day,
but what is much more unusual is that it exposes in flight a large red abdomen ! ,
very much like one of the large Coreid bugs commonly seen flying in the clearings
here. I will include one of the latter with it. When I caught it I thought I had the
bug!

15/9: Another quite good day as far as weather goes and, though it did not

produce the rarities of yesterday, many good things were taken. It is rather extra-
ordinary that Euphaoedra imitans, one of which, I got today, and which I have also
from Kalinzu and Bwamba, recorded in Seitz, only from Ogowe, should be the one
of its group here, whereas E. eiiseinoides, a Congo species, I have never even seen.
Another Ps. gottbergi and Ps. eurytns hobleyi will please you, but the thing that
pleased me most was yet another member of the Euryphene phantasia group! Having
little to set since my box is nearly full, I thought I would get down to these and the
results are rather surprising, I did it properly this time and first sorted out the sexes
by examining the fore-legs.

First then there is the bronze green species, female larger and with while sub-
apical bar, one of Bakers species, probably chlaropis — then a small species sexes alike
except that the female forewing is falcate and slightly larger, 1 think certainly
E. flaminia. Then the two I was so sure about! One bronze-green, the other brown,
both with narrow yellow sub-apical bars enclosing two spots distally, of the ground
colour, are both males§§, and belong respectively, 1 think, to two much larger insects
one brown, one blue, of which I have set quite a lot and all of v/hich, turn out to be
females. Both these two spp. have white-tipped antenna;, or perhaps I should say
yellow, and the brown female is almost as large as E. spatiosa and a perfect mimic.
This should be maximiana, but, if so, the male does not belong and I have rmt
yet got it.

The new one today has no white apex, has black-tipped antenna; and is either
nivaria or a new species. The bronze male with the yellow sub-apical bar, with its
blue and white female is probably another of Baker's spp. and finally I have a fifth

432 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo Vol. xx

species small, bronze in the one sex and brown in the other with a thin indefinite white
sub-apical bar in both sexes, and I expect this is yet another of Bakers. So you see
my perplexity was justified and there is still the one I missed the other day to come!

1 suspect that, although green, most of Baker’s spp. belong to the phantasia group.

A fine collection of beetles today, particularly Cerambicids, but not of particular
biological interest.

Finally we received a visit from the Manager of the Hotel with his wife and
daughter and the Manager of the big S.H.U.N. Co. to see the butterflies — they are
very nice people and it was kind of them to come. I propose to move on to
Putnams Camp on Friday.

16/9: I took off the board today a fine female form of Cymothce anitorgis, with

with red forewing inner-marginal spot and yellow hindwing bar — the latter usually
being white. This must have been the “Form of doloinena” , I saw and failed to
catch early on in this safari. It might be a new species, but I don’t think so, as
it agrees below and has the large square white spot on the h.w. costa. I think there’ll
be a point of nomenclature cropping up here for ararnis was presumably described
from a female, which according to Seitz is the red marked one. The latter, how-
ever, is the female of anitorgis, as figured and described in Seitz and the smaller orange
species with rounded wings, which I have always called ararnis has a black and
white female, also with rounded wings.’” I had some more luck today in that both
the boy and I caught one each of the Euryphene I have seen several times and
never succeeded in capturing — with the dark green distal half to the wings below.
Both were old and worn, but it is, I think E. phantasiella.1; I also caught another
fine Euryphene symphona. Pseudacrceas, again, were in evidence — one eurytiis terra,

2 clarki, 2 gottbergi, one of the latter having the white-barred hindwing and the
other more interesting still since the hindwing is only white-barred below and yellow
on top! Several Bematistes also have been arriving — epcea, female alcince, etc.

To your box I added one of those magnificent Longicorns, blue black with red
legs, like the big wasp.

It is very satisfactory that with this Euryphene today, I have now captured
some of everything I have seen and there are no outstandings, so I can leave with a
clear conscience! It has been an amazing place for the genus Euryphene, which has
far and away outstropped the others.

17/9: Today was dull and cloudy ending in a thunderstorm and apart from

Charaxes hadrianus, which continues to turn up, — we got no less than 4 today — there
was nothing interesting in the butterfly line. I spent a rather tiring day wandering
about collecting bugs, beetles, etc. of which I got a lot. A nice Cerambicid
mimicing a large and common weevil, both with diagonal pale yellow pattern, a
Reduviid with prey, this time a Lymantrid catterpillar, and a large black Asilid
with red legs to go with the wasp and a Longicorn went into your box.

I saw a very interesting spider’s web today, it builds a fine mesh circular web
and in the centre is a circle about i” diameter, followed by two further narrow
rings ail filled in with opaque silk. It is placed at a slight angle from the vertical
and the spider sits beneath behind its camouflage screen or above, blending with it.

* The red and yellow and the red and white females belong to ararnis Hew; anitorgis Hew.
has a black and while females similar to sangaris Godt and the smaller orange specie* is
regincE-elizabethct Holl.

t It was E, nivaria Ward, as previously thought.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

433

In passing one of my patches of banana bait, I noticed a large brown looking lump
on the edge of it, which turned out to be a very prettily marked toad. It was engaged,
if you please, in systematically clearing the patch of those very fierce little black
wasps and apart, from occasional convulsive gulps, didn’t seem to be suffering any
ill-effects — I watched with admiration and passed on hoping it would eat a lot!

The Doctor came out from Beni today to innoculate the whole population for
plague, which he did from our verandah — a seething mob of thousands of natives
all day long and I was glad to escape to the forest. Apparently they have had quite
a few cases in Beni. The local tribe is not very prepossessing, primitive and very
unwashed !

18/9: I have nothing to report today — we went into Beni and fixed up every-

thing to go on, but in any case it was dull and rained before midday. I have been
getting one or two lately of what might be Eiiphcedra franchina* though this one
lacks the black spot in the cell of the hind-wing and has a white costal streak below
like preussi. Its rather a fine combination of colours.

Tomorrow will be the last collecting day here though we have to go again into
Beni in the afternoon to get my friends’ car, which is undergoing repairs — in spite
of the weather, I have no complaints about the final results, some really fine things
have turned up.

The other day when my friend arrived, he brought me a cutting of your letter
to the Field about the Marsabit butterfly trap — I wonder what answer you got.

22/9; The last, few days were spent in travelling and in competing with various
serious complaints of my friend’s car — I doubt if he’ll be able to go on, which
rather upsets the safari.

We are now at Epulu at Putnam’s Camp, where, before the war, an American
used to live and which is now a Rest Camp. It is a lovely spot, right in the forest
and built on the edge of the Ituri River. Furnished and very comfortable and costs
one 40 Francs a day. Having been beautiful weather all the time we’ve been
travelling it is now pouring with rain. Such is the cussedness of things, I begin tb
long for Somaliland, where it never rains!

The only interesting thing I have to report is that last night I caught another of
those huge Cerambicids and killed it in a killing bottle— this morning in the bottle,
as well as the beetle were 3 small Chcrnetidsl , so I examined the bettle and under
the wings are a lot more! — It seems an extraordinary association and I wonder if it
has been recorded before. Are they parasitic? (I did not know that any of the family
were) or are they using the beetle merely as transport? I shall send them to the B.M.
with a note enclosed. I don’t know if this is the sort of thing you like at Oxford,
but if so, I feel sure Riley would hand them over.

Later today. Would you believe it?, but in spite of almost continuous rain for
24 hours, I have had the second great thrill, of the safari. For about | hour at
midday the rain let up and I went out with a net, only just outside the house and
there feeding on some fallen guavas was a perfect female Charaxes nobilis — it might
even be superbus, since it differs a good deal from my remembrance of the male from
from Kalinzu, but the descriptions of the two are so similar, that I shall have to
compare them first at home. But isn’t it a great piece of luck? I got also a male
of another Euryphene, probably Icetitia.

E. sampa Westw.

434 T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo VoL. xx

23/9; I had a chance to see what was here today, since the rain stopped and
it was quite interesting. Many things as at Beni, but some definitely new, showing
the trend towards West Africa. Such were E. Icetitia, of which I got both male and
female* *, also Eitry phene comus, an insect I had always wanted to see. It has a
very unusual and finely marked underside. One or two new Euphcedra, also, and
several spp. of Neiirelipes or Triclena; lamias, hut with quite a different underside ;?ra/ca/u,
I think, levis, probably typical, and one or two others. Lastly I got two of
that fine Deudorix schultzeif (frons, black with white lateral margins) one of the
finest of the blue one’s I’ve so far seen. Guava bait seemed to work fairly, well —
its extraordinary how with some fruit bait, an apparently completely untenanted forest
becomes alive.

24/9; I do not think I shall stay here very long, the forest is not really opened
up at all and although one gets some very nice things daily, there isn’t sufficient
scope. I took the first Euptera, I’ve seen, today, a female E. hinindo with pale orange
bars, also a female Enryphura ochreata and a Euryphene female similar to
ikelemba, but not that species.* By the way in the last few days account read
severini for Iretitia — it is the one with the reddish underside.

No Pseiidacreas have turned up here, but, as I say, there are no open places
to bring them down. Also for same reason, beetles, etc. are scarce. But it is, all
the same, an extremely pretty place.

I spent some time today photographing pygmies for which they got a few handfuls
of salt and were delifhted!

29/9: Among a good collection today was one really exciting thing — a male

Euptera, but like no species, I know, nor like anything described in Seitz. Forewing
black with whitish rays, rather after the fashion of dolornena albostriata, hindwing
black bordered, but the central area pale yellow and base back, spotted. Body

white spots and end of abdomen yellow tipped for at least 3 segs.

Below distally black-grey heavily streaked with white and best of all, the base of
the hind wing bears a perfect brown Acrcea-hhe aposeme, sharply defined and spotted
with black! In shape it looks like a tiny Pseudacrcea, but with the yellow-tipped
abdomen, I think must be Euptera.]' Another thing was a Diestogyna camarensis
and yet another, a very worn male of Euryphene staudingeri, as well as three
Eupha-dra new to me, but which I haven’t worked out. There is no doubt of the

richness of the fauna here and one would do very well, if it was slightly more

cleared. I shall stay anyway another two or three days.

The forest is full of an enormous Cicada, which sings almost like a bird and
tremendously loud, but so far I’ve failed to catch any.

26/9: The weather is better here — each day from about 12 o’clock onwards at

least is reasonably fine so one always does fairly well by the end of the day. My
first Pseudathynia turned up, just plutonica, I think, but its always a nice thing to get
and a new female of the Cymotiue reinholdi group, also, which I cannot quite decide
upon.

* Euryphene severini Auriv.

t Hypokopelates makala B.B.

* E. ikelemba A'liriv, the only specimen seen or taken.

t Euptera mirifica H. Carp, and Jackson, recently described.
t Gymothoe staudingeri Auriv.

Jan. 1952

T. H, E. Jackson, i-.r.e.s., Trip io the Belgian Congo

435

Again, the first Psendacrcca today, Ps. eiirytus opistlioxantha, so we come still
further West with the Uganda forms, or, at least, with one of them, and 1 expect
others are also present. It was interesting that the Cymothas mentioned earlier com-
pletely took me in, I thought at first it was Hypoliniuas anthedon, then that it might
be Ps, curytus tirikensis and was only mildly interested in its capture!

Another interesting thing was a Lycccnid, which is, maybe, one of those rather
obscure Cupidesthcs — it is white below with a few anal spots, suggestive of Anthene
and plain smoky brown above. It was behaving and looking exactly like Liptena
ilnia, and that typical dancing llight, alternately showing the dark upperside and
the silvery white underside. I took two in the same place.*

Once again today I found a case of the Honwpteron — ant-fly association — the fly
looks the same, but the ant is quite different and the bug is, I think a Coccid, I will
collect them tomorrow.

The Pygmie village has decamped lock, stock and barrel; I suspect they thought
my piles of banana bait were potent medicine which would undoubtedly poison them!
Nothing more to tell you tonight. We have a Belgian biologist staying here and
between writing bits of this, he, also, writing up his notes, we are having long dis-
cussions on all the various insects coming in to the light ! ! He is engaged on a
survey of all the Research stations in the Congo and Uganda and is then attending
a big conference in Accra.

27/9: Our last day here — rather spoilt by a mild thunderstorm at about midday,

but, before that, I got a male and a damaged female of Enphcrdra adonina. it is
a fine thing and I cannot believe it can be a form of theniis. I should vey much
like to get my boy here to collect these Enpluedra in quantity, since I have taken
at least five different ones of this group, all, of course, in ones and two. Adonina
was the only thing of special importance taken in the forest today; I collected the
ants, flies and coccids and placed them in the same tube in your tin on top of the
other lot. During the afternoon, however the sun came out again and I got a female
of Charaxes nichetes under the guava tree, so that is two outstanding captures just
outside the door of the house! One nice species I forget to mention the other
day was Pap. illyris, of which I got one on a patch of damp sand.

We leave tomorrow and I’m sorry to go, — but I intend to come back some
day. I doubt if there’ll be much more collecting until we get north of Stanleyville,
where I hope to stay awhile on the Aruwimi River.

28/9; Bafwasende. We drove through magnificent forest all day, 120 miles,
this is indeed a wonderful country. Shortly after leaving Epulu I suddenly saw a
huge male Pap. antiinachus sailing slowly down the middle of the road! A quick
stop, hurried search for and erection of the net — a much too hasty attempt to catch
it, as usual, and off it went at about 40 m.p.h. into the forest! ! But, I will say that,
really, I don't mind, since it was such a marvellous sight. Later in the day, 1 saw
another, but much too high — I should say its a fairly common insect here. By way
of compensation, just after missing my antimachus, a Ps. gottbergi came and sat
on the car and I got it! This is a pretty place, beautifully laid out with grass lawns
and palm trees, typical of tropical Africa. Its a small administrative centre with
very good buildings and a stone rest camp which we are occupying.

We crossed the Ituri River en route, just after Nia-Nia, I think the biggest river
I’ve ever seen, about 500 yards across!, but it has a fine iron motor-ferry and one
is over in no time at all. Tomorrow if all goes well we reach Stanleyville where the
Congo will dwarf the Ituri, I suppose!

Cupidesthes thyrsis Hew.

436

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s.. Collection Trip to Belgian Congo VoL. xx

29/9-7/10: A “Shaitani” has been busy with us since I wrote last — one thing
after another! Our last petrol point was out of petrol and we ran out 40 miles from
Stanleyville and had to spend a night at a Rest Camp, take a lift in and come out
again and salvage the cars — then no room in the hotels — eventually one very dirty one
between us for two days, then a holocaust of trouble with my friend's car and finally
he poisoned himself somehow and spent two days in bed! We left eventually at 3
o’clock today and arrived at a small place called Bengamisa on the Buta road for the
night, two more ferries en route, making now the 7th since crossing the frontier and
all of them larger than any river in Kenya! Stanleyville is a pleasant and extremely
pretty little town and there are some very good hotels, into one of which we eventually
were admitted. The river is magnificent, about 800 yards across and the Stanley Falls
oa the Chopa just outside are a fine sight. 1 met some of the entomologists, medical
and commercial and compared notes.

This is all Simnliuin country and they make collecting most unpleasant, so I am not
sure if Til stay at Banalia after all — we may, however, be out of them by then.

Aniauris vashti seems common along the road here and I saw one Pap. zalnwxis.

9/10 KOLE: This place although at least 350 miles further West of Epulu, seems
to be almost exactly the same! I only took one different species this morning, a large
white Satyrid.* * Although disappointing, this is, also, most interesting from a distri-
butional point of view and means we’ll get a fair sample of the central Congo forest
fauna from Beni and Epulu. As a matter of fact I saw more spp. at Epulu than
here, though, of course, one day in one place, isn’t any criterion. Nevertheless that
all of the many seen here were also seen at Epulu or Beni is significant.

11/10 YOPOLE: There was nothing interesting enough to keep us in Kole or
rather at Toya, about 12 miles off the road where we stayed, so yesterday we came
through here past Buta, altogether about 130 miles, on the way we passed through some
really wonderful forest and I wish I had had the luck to hear of it before we stopped
at Kole. We stopped for about 20 mins, and I caught Euryphura porphyrion, Charaxes
laodice and some nice Enpheedra. No-one could give us any information about Rest
Camps in tire forest at Buta so we just came on and asked as wc went along — the result
seems promising, although it is nothing like the Buta forest. The policy here is ribbon
development along the roads with the result that for a mile or so on each side the
forest has been cleared with the exception of odd bits of Forest Reserve and here
is no exception. However, I explored paths with a guide this morning and found
two fairly large patches of forest and baited one with banana. It was an impossible
day, heavy cloud dark and cold, but, nevertheless, I got some good things — one new
Enryphene, probably latitia m.ale, Anthene lucretilis which has always intrigued me
in Seitz, 2 females of the phantasia group Enryphene, with green underside* and
many more. Then in the evening at about 4 p.m. the sun came out so I sallied forth
again and in a little path near the road took my first Acrcea vesperalis and, finally,
in a space of some 10 yards, no less than 10 of the purple Abisara of at least 2 spp.
(I believe 3), one quite new to me with a light blue patch around the eye spot of the
H.W.t Why they were all three together, I can’t imagine. This is a very comfort-
able Rest Camp and, as things look promising, we will probably stay a week.

12/10: This has been a marvellous day in spite of dull cloudy weather — but it

was warm and I suppose my bait worked well accordingly. The best new spp. was
Diestogyna plagiata,X a fine male, it appears to differ a bit from the plate and descrip-

* Monoirichtis asochis Hew.

* Enryphene phantasia Hew.
t Abisara ccerulea Riley.

t Diestogyna niepelti Neust.

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

437

tion in Seitz, but there is no other with that rounded blue patch on the H.W. a lovely
thing in the sun, but still not equal to opis. I want to see D. schnitzei, which might
approach it, but I doubt if anything will. The second great catch was 2 females of
Enryphene symphona — it isn’t described in Seitz and I wonder of it is new, instead
of the white sub-apical bar of the male, it has a yellow one, mimicing the yellow
barred Enphcedra and below it has the white marks of E. preussi, though of course
differently formed, I had been hoping very much to get this. Next in importance
was Enphcedra iniitans, of which I took 3 m.ales and 1 female!, and Anthene thrysis,
6 males and 3 females, no less! Apart from these several Enphcedra and Enryphene,
of which at least 2 are new to me, but will require working out when set, a hippo-
coonides of dardanne and several fine looking Bemtistes. Alas no Psendacrceas have
appeared. I think there are not enough open spaces to bring them down, and I have
evidently left the area of antunachus and zahnoxis. Finally among some bugs and
bettles taken today was a most unusual Cnrculionid, head and thorax snow white,
and the remainder black.

13/10: Rain all day.

14/10 to 15/10; I did not write yesterday, chiefly because of a very strenuous
day — both days have been good, and I have collected masses of stuff — quite a few
nev/ to me, chiefly Diestogyna and Cyinothan The West African Cyniothoe coccinata
occurs here in what appears to be the typical for.m, also Cymothoe reinholdi, 2 males
and 2 females taken today, and several of the smaller species, Cyniothoe heckeri is one
of the comimoncst butterflies in both sexes, and a year or so ago, 1 would have tumbled
over myself to get one! I also took here the females of Enryphene co/nns. Another
interesting find is a Enphcedra — maybe E. herberti , the female which I got today is
a lovely thing — closely resembles spaiiosa, but with very large white apices, and a
broad darker border to the h.w., it is almost as large as its model— unfortunately 1
missed another h.ae specimen.* *

Of the Diestogyna. gainbice and lysandra are fairly common here — catnarensis, of
which I got the female today, occurs, but is rare, also plagiata'\ — I got one more
male. We go on tomorrow, but, unlike Beni, 1 a.m left with an unsatisfield feeling, for
I have seen and not taken three very distinct insects. The least important was a
Diestgyna, I actually had it in the net and it got out! It was a fine insect with a
large jet black round spot on the H.W. beneath, like nudanops, but with a similar
spot also on the F.W. Above it was dark yellowish brown with the usual black
spots and a yellow sub-apical band. Lastly an insect as large as Enphaedra niedon,
with also, strangely enough similar large round black spots below. I cannot think
what else it could be, but Harmilla elegansl* it is sad that these are really the
only two insects, {Lepidoptera), 1 have seen on this safari, which might be new
and I failed to get either.

I rather think we get out of the forest now and I expect Yei, will be the next
collecting place, but we shall stop at the elephant farm near Faradje, which is a
thing I have always wanted to see.

Psendacrceas have been conspicuous by their absence here, but I have seen or
taken quite a lot of Benatistes, of one sort or another. Ps. hostilia warbnrgi is the
exception to the former remark. We still have about 1,200 miles to do!, chiefly. I’m
afraid, through dry country ! !

* It was.

t D. niepdti Neust.

* Harmilla hawkeri J. and T. Taken latter by my native collector. The “Diestop‘'<a'

mentioned above, which escaped, proved to be the male.

438

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Collection Trip to Belgian Congo VoL. xx

20/10 YEI, S. Sudan: The last few days were spent in travelling, one night
between Bambili and Dungu, one at Dungu and one at the elephant camp at Gangala
near Farae, arriving here yesterday. There is plenty of forest and good collecting
ground as far as the Uele River at Bambili, but after that, one passes through
savannah all the way. Dungu is a pretty place, built at the junction of the Dungu
and Uele Rivers, both thereafter, becoming the Uele; another immense river. But
the elephant training camp is the really interesting thing on this road. It is run by a
Belgian army officer, Lt. Haezaert, with an assistant and 150 Bazande askaris and there
are about 36 elephants in the camp at the moment.

Once a year about February, when the grass is short, the wild herds are driven
into a small area and then surrounded. Apparently they then bunch together, heads
innermost, like cattle when alarmed. The askaris then go amongst them and attach
ropes to the hind legs of the young ones and the herd is then allowed to move off
followed by the askaris. As an elephant passes a suitable tree, his askari, quickly
passes the loose end of the rope round the tree and ties it and the animal is caught
and remains behind. Finally when all are attached, “monitor” elephants, as they are
called, i.e. large fully trained animals, are sent in with their mahouts to collect the
bag! ! They approach a captive, shoulder him against the tree and a rope is placed
round the neck and another round the body — these are then hitched onto the monitor,
who then moves off', dragging the captive with him, to a large stockade, where they are
kept, roped, but otherwise free, and well fed for about 3 months, after which training
begins. The monitors take them daily to water, apparently they suffer severely at first
from the shock and this 3 months rest is therefore necessary. We saw the present
herd taken down to it’s evening bath each with it’s mahout, — they march into the
water in an orderly line, he down, v/ash, drink and then march off' home again. We
followed and saw them all tethered in the lines by chains attached to stout posts and
then fed. There are two lines of elephants facing each other and the food is
piled in the centre. Each mahout then parades in front of his elephant and the
C.O. inspects; — having made this inspection he gives the word by bugle and the
mahouts move the piles of food and stack them in front of their own animals. In
fact it is treated extctly like the evening “horse lines” in a cavalry regiment!

They are most amusing to watch; some immediately collect a large bunch of
branches and stack it on their heads to keep off the flies, others sort out suitable sticks
with which to scratch themselves! All of course, have already been out feeding for
most of the day, so are not really hungry, but nevertheless, before morning, all is
gone. Two sentries are on duty at each end of the lines throughout the night. It is
not an easy job for the C.O. — the training is entirely in his hands and it is a tricky
job. Often he is charged, and many elephants remain permanently difficult and bad-
tempered. A mahout was recently killed by his elephant, probably because one day he
beat it up. Besides the elephants, and the adm.inistration of the askaris, he has a
huge farm to look after, growing food for the elephants, a large herd of cows and
ponies and is also, incharge of the abutting immense northern game Reserve and all it’s
scouts! He has one assistant and no clerks and 1 wondered how some of our
pampered beaurocrats would like it!

It was a great experience, which I wouldn’t have missed for anything and I hope
some of my photos will come out well enough to send you a few.

Next day we made a good run, got through the Customs at Aba and slept in Yei,
staying, in fact, over the next day and being royaly entertained by Duke, the D.C.
Then on Monday my friend and I parter, he to return to Kenya, via Juba and
Kampala, I to try my luck in Aza Forest in Amadi District. I slept last night at
Amadi and came on today via Meridi to the nearest Rest Camp at Aza. The main
roads are fair but the last 35 miles from Meridi was definitely bad and ended in
three miles of track, down which I forced my way like a tank through ten foot
elephant grass! Ultimately, however, I arrived at quite a pleasant little camp on the

Forest near Buta — a brief halt here produced
many fine species.

Pygmies : The Beauty Specialist at Work.

Pygmies: A young marksman.

The Forest at Beni.

•< ■&: ' I*

Jan. 1952

T. H. E. Jackson, f.r.e.s., Trip to the Belgian Congo

439

edge of the forest and propose to settle down for about ten days. One cannot, of
course, this year, escape from the deluge — all the way from Yei I have travelled on
soaking wet roads and it is now pouring here; I, verily believe, if I had chosen
Port Sudan as the next stop, or Aden, it would be pouring there. I hear the roads
around Soroti, Lira, Mbale in Uganda are under water and have been for weeks,
much damage has been done lower down the Nile and at Niangara, we heard that
the big bridge we had crossed a few days before over the Rubi River at Buta, had
been completely washed away! and so we go on! If it is still raining when I get
home, I shall sell the farm!

Tomorrow, maybe I shall have some entomological news — it depends on whether
I can get into the forest, whether it is a forest at all in the true sense and finally on
whether someone can temporarily prevent Lake Superior from emptying itself on
this poor benighted continent once every twenty-four hours!

Today is the 22nd October, I believe —

23/10: I regret to report that in spite of a sunny day and quite a good path,

I found nothing at all! Pap. dardanus, common Neptis, common Hesperiids seem
to make up the present fauna here. Its disappointing, but, on the other hand proves
that the connection here lies with Lotti and Uganda rather than with the Congo
forests. I did take a Tc/zpna aurivilii* which is a nice thing, but common in Budongo.

For the rest I collected Odonata, Coleoptera etc. Tomorrow I will try some Paw-
Paw as bait, there are no bananas, but I am not optimistic. I think about two more
days and then home — its unfortunate that there are no other collecting spots en route —
only and feel I’ve come a long way already! Looking after the collections and my
Yambio might be interesting, 70 miles further on, but I hear it is “Gallery Forest”
I found the same with the Laboni Forest, west of the Irnatongs in 1939, whereas Lotti,
with a road running through it, was good. It cannot, however, be entirely a matter
of opening up, for places like Epulu and Yopole, quite untouched, were good. I
wonder if these are new forests — they have somewhat that appearance; for instance,
the undergrowth is very dense, but mostly consists of saplings and there is little
or no true forest undergrowth of ferns, aroids etc. I have not even seen Catuna,
along the paths, so I do not think my bait will do any good.

24-25/10: Well, I stayed on here another two days, chiefly because I was tired

of travelling! and in any case, this is a pleasant little spot -but collecting has been
useless— no butterflies of interest and the bettles etc., which I got the forest guards
to collect!, look all normal, common, Uganda things. I made a small collection of
Odonata for the British Museum but again I expect they are all cosmopolitan spp.
So tomorrow we go and this time it is for home. I don’t expect 1 shall write any
more of this — it has been a grand safari, though unusually strenuous and accompanied
by more than the normal number of snags, but they all sorted themselves out in the end.

I feel I have spied out another large section of Africa, which I now know, roughly,
how to divide up and do more intensively. There is an inner triangle roughly from
Nia Nia to Stanleyville and thence to Banalia on the Aruwimi, v/hich is lower-lying
and probably a bit different and which I haven’t done at all — whereas the whole outer
perimeter, bounded by Beni — Irumu, Buta and Epulu seems to be very roughly
homogoeous. I have collected at, again roughly, all four corners and found mostly the
same spp. at each. The inner circle may again be the same, but in it I saw things
like Pap. zalmoxis and Amauris vashti which did not occur, apparently outside. I
shall have to overcome my dislike of Sirnulium and go and investigate it next year!
It has certainly been a success and the catch has fulfilled even my wildest dreams,
but in large measure the success has been due to the unfailing help and courtesy I
have received from the Belgians throughout the safari.

Telipna acrcea Dbl, and B[e\Y,

440

VoL. XX

NOTES ON THE AFRICAN SUNBIRD, CINNYRIS AERA
GRAUERI NEUMANN.

By John G. Williams

{The Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi, Kenya Colony).

The Ruanda Double-collared Sunbird (Cinnyris afra was described in 1908

by Neumann from material collected in the western Kivu Volcanoes. Since its discovery
few ornithologists appear to have studied the bird in its natural haunts, the only notes
on its habits that I can find being a brief account published by Count N.
Gyldenstolpe (1) in his report on the results of the 1921 Swedish Expedition to
Central Africa. In view of the paucity of information concerning this sunbird in
existing literature it seems desirable that the present details be put on record.

The following data are compiled from field observations and specimens collected
on Mts. Muhavura, Mgahinga and Sabinio in the Birunga range, south-western Kigezi,
Uganda, during September 1946, when the writer was a member of the Coryndon
Museum Gorilla Expedition to that region.

Plumages. Juvenile examples of Cinnyris afra graueri were not encountered, but
two immature males (age confirmed by state of skull ossification) collected on Mount
Muhavura on 22nd September are retaining some worn juvenile plumage on the upper-
parts and breast, indicating a moult from juvenile to first adult breeding plumage.
The first adult male plumage closely resembles that of the fully adult male, but the
red chest band is less extensive and the red duller in tone; also, the metallic green
margins to the feathers of the upprparts are narrower. Neither of the two immature
males exhibits any trace of red in the under tail coverts, this character being confined
to a few old breeding males.

There would appear to be no eclipse plumage in males of this race (cf. Ibis
1945:156); several of the adult males in the series collected are retaining a varying
number of worn metallic feathers on the upperparts and throat, indicating a moult
from breeding plumage to breeding plumage.

Colours of soft parts: Iris dark brown; bill black; feet black.

Measurements. Adult Males: Wing 64-66 mm.; Bill 17-19.5 mm.; Tail 55-59 mm.
(15 eastern Birunga specimens examined). Adult Females: Wing 58-61 mm.; Bill

16-18 mm.; Tail 45-47 mm. (5 eastern Birunga specimens examined).

Distribution. Cinnyris afer graueri is the commonest sunbird on Mount
Muhavura. One first encounters it in the forest just below the bamboo zone, where
its range overlaps that of Cinnyris regius kivuensis. However, it is far from common
at this altitude (circa. 7,500 ft.), but becomes more frequent after the bamboo zone is
entered. Its centre of abundance is in the hypericum scrub immediately above the
bamboos (alti. c. 9,000 ft.). Here it exists in unbelievable numbers, and several times I
counted over thirty sunbirds, mainly adult males, feeding in a single flowering
Hypericum tree. On the volcanoes Mgahinga and Sabinio it is also a common species,
but not in such abundance as on Mount Muhavura.

General Habits. This species would appear to be rather less pugnacious than
many other sunbirds, numbers often feeding together in the same flowering tree with-
out excessive skirmishes between rival males. Nectarinia johnstoni dartmouthi was
also observed feeding in the same tree as Cinnyris afra graueri without disturbance.
In the field the male’s red breast is most conspicuous, but the yellow pectoral tufts
are often overlooked.

Jan. 1952 John G. Williams, Notes on the African Snnbird 441

Food. Hypericum flowers were by far the most attractive to graiieri, although it
also visited various flowering creepers, but it was seen only rarely at flowers near
the ground. It was also observed feeding amongst leafy branches of trees bearing no
flowers, when its appearance was very tit-like. An examination of twenty stomachs
gives the following result. In order of abundance, — spiders; minute insect remains,
mainly coleoptera; small lepidopterous larvae (4 records); Diptera? Nectar was probably
present, but is difficult to detect. In one freshly-shot specimen nectar dripped from
the bill.

Voice. The usual call-note of Cinnyris afra graueri is a harsh, sharp ‘tsp’ or
‘chee’, generally repeated twice. The male's song is a pleasing warble, rising in pitch
towards the end and then dropping. A rendering of the song, recorded whilst listening
to a bird singing, is as follows:- — ’chee-oo, che che, — chee-oo, che che, — se, se, se,
se, se, se, se, se, — che chit, — che chit — che chit.’

Display. Although abundant and breeding I saw males displaying on two occa-
sions only. Once a male was seen to alight near a female, warble a few notes and
drop its wings like a young bird begging for food. The female paid no attention,

whereupon the male left, flew straight up into the air as if flycatching, and then

returned to its original perch. The female then flew away, to be followed instantly
by the male in hot pursuit. The second observation closely resembled the first, but

the male when dropping his wings at the same time raised and fanned his pictoraJ

tufts.

Breeding. On the Birunga Volcanoes breeding evidently takes place during the
rains, commencing about the middle of September and continuing until at least last
November. This is estimated on the evidence of gonad development of adult males
collected during September. There is also a secondary breeding season from late
March until May; this is apparent from the presence of immature birds, 5-6 months
old, during September, and Gyldenstolpe (1) records of nests under construction at
the end of March.

Nest building appears to be carried out entirely by the female; no male was
observed collecting or carrying nesting material, although the female was generally
accompanied by the male to the immediate vicinity of the nest when building was
in progress. Incubation is performed by the female alone; no indication of an
incubation-patch was noted on any male collected.

Five nests were found in late September 1946. Two, on 23rd September con-
tained c/1 fresh, c/1 incubation advanced. Both these nests were suspended from
twigs at the end of thickly-foliaged branches, some six to eight feet from the ground,
and well concealed amongst drooping leaves. Two uncompleted nests were located
the following day by watching the females carrying nesting material; these were hanging
from the ends of bamboo sprigs, between eight and ten feet from the ground, and again
were well concealed by leaves. The fifth nest, which it was not found possible to
examine, was hanging from the end of a leafy branch over a gorge. This nest was
much less well hidden than the other four.

The nest of Cinnyris afer graueri resembles a larger edition of that of Cinnyris
reichenowi. It is more or less rounded, the main structure measuring 34" across by
from 4" — 5" high. It has a side-top entrance (H" x 1") with a small projecting porch,
the Thalictrum stemlets and moss of which extend upwards and outwards, forming
a tattered spire. Below the entrance loose nest material hangs raggedly from the
nest, one to six inches below the main structure. The rest is composed of the hair-
like flowering stalks of Thalictrum, Usnea lichen, fine shredded grass, strips of

442 John G. Williams, Notes on the African Sunhird Vol. x)(

bamboo leaves, moss and vegetable down, bound together with cowebs. Nest
lining is of well-packed vegetable down and a few doves’ feathers. The nest is
attached by twists of lichen and cobwebs for some two inches along the support twig.

One egg would appear to be the normal clutch, as in one of those collected
incubation was advanced, and in the case of the fresh egg the female returned
to the nest shortly after being disturbed. The egg oi Cinnyris afra graueri is of a dull
matt texture without gloss; ground colour white, almost obscured by ashy-grey freckling
and clouding; a dark ring present at large end; markings generally merged and
indistinct. One egg is also faintly and sparingly marked with pale brown streaks.
Measurements: — 20.5 x 12 mm.; 19.3 x 12.9 mm.

REFERENCE

(1) Gyldenstolpe, Nils (1924). ‘Zoological Results of the Swedish Expedition
to Central Africa 1921, Birds.’ Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. (3): 91.

The typical habitat of Ciiwyris after graueri Neumann; high level Hypericum scrub on
Mt. Muhavura, Birunga Volcanoes. Kivu.

Photo : J. G. Williams.

Nest of Cinnyris ajer graueri Neumann. tgg of Cinnyris afer graueri Neumann.

Photo : P. R. b. Bally. Photo: P. R. O. Bally.

Jan. 1952

443

NOTES ON SOME BIRDS’ EGGS COLLECTED BY SIR CHARLES
BELCHER IN NYASALAND.

Sir Charles Belcher has most kindly sent me a complete list of clutches of birds’
eggs in his collection taken in Nyasaland. I understand that these, together with all
his other African eggs, are to be presented to the Coryndon Museum. This list was
sent to me in connection with the preparation by myself of a check-list of the birds
in Nyasaland, to include brief statistical data as to breeding seasons. The data below
seem worthy of preliminary publication. They were either not included in Sir Charles’
book, “The Birds of Nyasaland" (1930), or correct or amplify information therein.
It will not be possible to include these details in the check-list. All measurements
below are in millimetres.

Gallinula angidata Sundevall. Lesser Moorhen.

Eggs attributed by Belcher (1930, p. 68) to Porphyrula alleni are now considered
by Sir Charles to be attributable to G. angidata. For further details, see Benson “The
bird-life of Lake Nyasa,” in MS for Nyasaland Journal.

Chrysococcyx spp.

The following data correct and amplify those given by Belcher (1930, pp. 109-110).
With the further experience he has subsequently gained. Sir Charles feels sure that
the eggs attributed below to C. caprius, at any rate, are correctly identified. In each
case there was one egg only of the cuckoo. These records should be read in conjunction
with the notes by Belcher, “Nature in East Africa”, Bull. E.A Nat. Hist. Soc., scr. 2,
no. 2, 1949, pp. 19-20.

Chrysococcyx caprius (Boddaert). Didric Cuckoo.

(a) Size 22 x 15, uniform light blue, taken by R. C. Wood, from nest of
Euplectes sp., no eggs of host, Chiromo, February, 1918.

(b) Size 22 x 14, very dull light blue, faintly spotted, with C/2 Anaplectcs
melanotis rubriceps (Lafresnaye), unspotted, Nyambadwe, Blantyre, 7th November,
1921.

(c) Size 22 x 14.5, well spotted on greenish blue, with C/1 Ploccns n. nigriccps
(Layard), Chinteche, 31st October, 1926. The latter, size 23.25 x 14.75, is clcarlv
of the same general type as the cuckoo's egg, but differs in shade of ground-colour
and markings.

(d) Size 21 x 14, very dull light blue, from nest of Anaplectcs melanotis
rubriceps, with 2 eggs of the host, Nyambadwe, 7th November, 1921.

(e) Size 22 x 14.25, uniform light blue, taken by R. C. Wood, with C/2
Euplectes orix sundevalli Bonaparte, Chiromo, 15th February, 1917.

(f) Size 21 x 15, with C/2 Euplectes hordeacea sylvatica (Neumann), Nyambadwe,
Blantyre, 14th April, 1924. Sir Charles remarks that it is a “fatter" egg than is usual
with this cuckoo, and immaculate, of a more greenish blue than eggs of the host.

I may mention that I collected near Salima, 20th February, 1950, an egg which
is probably attributable to C. caprius. It measure 23.5 x 13.5. It is glossy white,
plentifully freckled all over with reddish brown and some underlying greyish lilac.
It was found on the ground, immediately below a nest of Anaplectes tn, rubriceps,
containing a single still naked young bird. It contained an only slightly developed
embryo. It will be presented in due course to Captain C. R. S. Pitman.

444

Sir Chales Belcher, Notes on Some Birds’ Eggs

VOL. XX

Chryscococcyx klaasi (Stephens). Klaas’s Cuckoo.

Size 17 X 15, uniform dark turquoise blue, with C/2 hatching of Eiiplectes orix
simdevalli. Port Herald, 26th February, 1926. Sir Charles remarks that he kept no
record of the colour of the host’s eggs, but that the cuckoo’s egg is noticeably darker
than any of some fifty eggs of E. orix that he has.

Chrysococcyx cupreus intermedins Hartlaub. Emerald Cuckoo.

Single eggs from two nests of Chalcomitra senegalensis gutturalis (Linnceus),
attributed by Belcher (1930, p. 110) to C. klaasi, measurements not 20 x 13.5 as
given previously, but 19.5 x 12.5 (Nyambadwe) and 19.75 x 13.5 (Ncheu). Sir Charles
emphasises again that these eggs arc just like each other, and unlike normal
Chalcomitra eggs. They are pointed, like eggs of C. caprius, yet too small for that
species, and too long for C. klaasi. They may therefore be attributable to C. cupreus.
Caprimulgus tristigma lentinginosus Smith. Freckled Nightjar.

C/2, Zomba, 31st October, 1923.

Size 31 X 21.5, blotched with grey on white ground; thus agreeing well with the
description by Benson, “Ibis”, 1947, p. 566. There is no other locally breeding
Caprimulgus to which this clutch could be attributed. This is only the second clutch
of C. tristigma recorded from Nyasaland.

Indicator spp.

The following data correct and amplify those given by Belcher (1930, pp. 163,
167-8, 171-2).

Size a, probably Indicator variegatus Lesson. Scaly-throated Honey-guide.

C/3, with C/3 Buccanodon w. whytii (Shelley) and C/1 Indicator minor (see
below), Blantyre, 16th October, 1921.

C/1 with C/5 Buccanodon w. whytii, Blantyre, 16th October, 1921.

C/1 with C/2 Dendropicos fuscescens camacupa: Bowen, Nyambadwe, Blantyre,
22nd September, 1926.

Sir Charles considers that the first-mentioned clutch in each case above, the eggs
of all of which measure approximately 22.75 x 18. is attributable to I. variegatus.
a species, which although he states in his book he did not meet with in Nyasaland,
he informs me he did in fact collect near Blantyre. He points out that these eggs
are not so large as certainly parasitic eggs from Kenya Colony, presumed to be of 7,
indicator (Sparrman), measuring 24.5 x 19. Moreover Roberts, “Ostrich”, 1939, pp.
101-5, gives 23.2-26 x 17.8-20 (one 23 x 16.8) for 7. indicator, while admitting that
some of the eggs he examined might be of 7. variegatus. for which otherwise he gives
no measurements. It may also be mentioned that Benson gives a measurement of
23.1 x 18.0 for an egg almost certainly of 7. indicator, not of 7. variegatus. see
“Parasitisation of Bee-eaters” (MeropidZ) by Honey-guides Indicator spp., “Ibis”,
1950, p. 478.

' Size b. Indicator minor minor Stephens. Lesser Honey-guide.

C/1, 20.5 X 17, with C/2 Campethera scriptoricauda (Reichenow), Chiromo, 4th
November, 1921.

C/1, 19.5 X 16, with C/3 Buccanodon vv. whytii and C/3 7. variegatus, Blantyre,
29th September, 1926.

Jan. 1952

Sir Charles Belcher, Notes on Some Birds’

445

C/1, 20.25 X 17, with C/3 Buccanodon w. whytii and C/1 I. variegatiis, Blantyre,
16th October, 1921 (see above).

Sir Charles agrees that these size b. eggs must be attributed to I. minor, measure-
ments of the eggs of which Roberts, op. cit., gives as 20.3-22.5 x 16-17.9. But the
possibility of their being attributable to /. exilis, which does occur near Blantyre, see
Benson and Benson, “Ibis”, 1948, p. 392, should not be lost sight of, though eggs of
that species may be expected to be appreciably smaller. Grant and Praid, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., vol. 58, 1938, pp. 144-5, give wing 73-80 for the local race (/. e. meliphiliis
Oberholser) compared to 80/79 for /. m. minor.

Telophoriis c/uadricolor quadricolor (Cassin). Four-coloured Bush-shrike.

C/2 Chikonje, Chiromo, 9th April, 1917.

These eggs were attributed, though doubtfully, to Nicator chloris gularis Finsch
and Hartlaub, see Belcher (1930, p. 274), But Sir Charles has subsequently found
them to agree closely with eggs of Telophoriis dohertyi (Rothschild), which he
considers is conspecific with T. quadricolor. T. q. quadricolor does occur in the
Chiromo area, see Benson and Benson, “Ostrich”, 1948, p. 13. Moreover, in size
(23-t X 164) they agree with T. quadricolor rather than N. chloris, see Roberts, “The
Birds of South Africa” (1940. pp. 306, 309).

C. W. BENSON.

P.S. — At Mkhoma, Nyasaland, 22nd October, 1950 I took C/3 Lyhiiis 1. torquatiis
(Du.mont), size 24 x 18, 24.5 x 18, 25 x 17.5, with C/1 almost certainly Indicator m.
minor, size 21 x 16.5. The latter egg is more rounded and markedly glossy, the
other three having hardly any gloss. All the eggs were fresh. Those of the barbet
and yolk apricot-red, showing through the shells of the unblown sggs as a pinkish
suffusion, whereas that of the honey-guide had yolk yellow, not showing through the
unblown shell. For earlier notes on parasitisation in Nyasaland, the same two species
concerned, see “Ibis”, 1940, p. 430.

446

VOL. XX

A STARTLINGLY TURQUOISE-BLUE GECKO FROM TANGANYIKA

By Arthur Loveridge,

{Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.)

During a recent collecting trip in Central Tanganyika Territory, Mr. J. G.
Williams visited the thick, low-level, rain forest at Kimboza to the south-east of the
Uluguru Mountains. While there his attention was attracted to a small gecko by
its brilliant coloration. Having shot it without damage, and believing it to be new,
he submitted it to me for determination. I take pleasure in naming it :

Lygodactylus picturatus viHamsi subsp. nov.

Type. — Coryndon Memorial Museum, No. 50/898, an adult from Kimboza
Forest at 1,000 feet. Eastern Province, Tanganyika Territory. Collected by J. G.
William.s, 23rd November, 1950.

Diagnosis. — In its scalation apparently indistinguishable from typical picturatus,
occurring in the surrounding savannah region, but strikingly different in coloration,
which may be defined as follows :

(j'. Above entire upper surfaces brilliant turquoise blue; from nostril through
eye to nape is a broad black streak; three or four scales above this a sharply defined
black chevron, one or two scales in width, extends back to the nape except for a two-
scale-wide interruption above each or\)it; flanks finely speckled with black; limbs almost
immaculate. Below, chin and throat turquoise blue overlaid by an ill-defined black
chevron on the mental and along the base of the labials; four parallel, broad, some-
times coalescing, black streaks extend from chin to neck; forelimbs, chest, belly, and
base of tail pale orange, deepening to orange towards the sides and on the hind limbs,
rest of tail bluish grey p. williamsi.

(^. Above, head and shoulders bright mustard-yellow, speckled and streaked with
brownish black; body, limbs and tail blue-grey, imiform or flecked with brownish black
such markings sometimes coalescing to form lines. Below, labials mustard-yellow;
throat uniformly deep velvety black, only rarely showing traces of chevrons; breast
and belly orange (fading to white on preservation); tail grey p. picturatus.

Description. — Internasal granule 1; nostril surrounded by 2 nasals and a labial;
upper labials 7-8 (right-left); lower labials^i^j§,-8; postmentals 3; scansors under fourth
toe 5; preanal pores 7. Consequently within the range of the typical form as
described by me in the “Revision of the African Lizards of the Family Gekkonidas”
vide Loveridge, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zook, 98, pp. 200, 234).

Color. — See diagnosis above.

Mze. — ^Total length of holotype 75 (34 + 41) mm., the prehensible tail-tip being
intact.

Remarks. — So far as I can recall, not one of the 210 species or races of African
geckos displays such brilliant coloring; the vast majority of the Gekkonidae being pro-
cryptically colored. For so brilliant a turquoise blue we must turn to the male
agamids, skins, or lacertids among African lizards. The position of this tenth recogniz-
?ible race of Lygodactylus picturatus, appears to be at the very end of the entire genui,

Jan. 1952

447

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN STAPHYUNIDJE
Part III

by MALCOLM CAMERON, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s.

TACHYPORINAE

1. CONOSOMA PUNCTICOLLE, sp. n.

Moderately shining black. Antennae and legs reddish yellow. Length 5 m.ni. A
large robust species near obesimi Boh. but with much longer elytra and much shorter
11th antennal segment, the puncturation of the head and thorax much stronger.
Antennae extending to the base of the thorax, the 3rd segment much longer than the
2nd, as long as the 4th, 5th to 8th longer than broad, decreasing in length, 9th and
10th as long as broad, 11th about as long as the 9th and 10th together. Thorax
broader than long, (6.75 ; 5) convex, closely, rather finely but distinctly punctured and
with distinct transverse ground sculpture. Elytra longer than the thorax, 6:5) the
puncturation much as in obesum, much less fine than in liltoreiim L. finer and closer
than on the thorax, the ground sculpture very fine. Abdomen finely and closely
punctured and with very fine ground sculpture and long black sets. Pubescence
throughout very fine and rather close.

Uganda: Kilimzu For. 1037 (T. H. E. Jackson). Unique. Type in B.M.

2 CONOSOMA ABERDARENSE, sp n

Moderately shining, black, the posterior margin of the thorax very narrowly,
the tergites more broadly rufescent. Antennre black, the first three and last three
segments reddish yellow. Legs reddish yellow. Length 4 mm. (the abdomen
moderately extended).

In build and colour much like obesum Boh. but with shorter, stouter differently
coloured antennas, the 11th segment much shorter, the posterior margins of the tergites
rather broadly rufescent, the puncturation of the head, thorax and abdomen much finer
and less close, that of the elytra scarcely differing in the two species; the ground
sculpture on head, and thorax, district. Thorax transverse (5.5:3.75) convex,
extremely finely moderately closely punctured; ground sculpture distinct, transversely
striate: head with similar sculpture. Antennae rather short, 3rd segmient a little longer
than 2nd, 4th and 5th, a little longer than broad, 6th as long as broad, 7th to 10th
slightly transverse, 11th slightly longer than the 10th. Elytra as long and as broad as
the thorax with fine, rather close asperate punctures and very fine ground sculpture.
Abdomen finely and rather closely punctured on the anterior tergites more sparingly
behind, the ground sculpture distinct. Pubescence throughout fine, rather short and
close as in obesum.

Kenya Colony: W. Aberdare Mts. 10-11,000 ft. 1 1.19435 (A. F. J. Gcdye).

Unique. Type in B.M.

3. CONOSOMA GEDYEI, sp. n.

Moderately shining, yellowish red, the elytra near the middle of the posterior
margin with an obscure round brownish marking. Antennae and legs yellow, the 8th

448

Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Siaphylinida

VOL. XX

to 10th segments of the former slightly infuscate. Length 2.2 mm. In size, build and
ground colour resembling the var. lividiim Er. but less shining, the antennae much
shorter, the 6th to 10th segments transverse, increasing in width, the 10th fully twice
as broad as long, the puncturation of the fore-parts yet finer and not so close and with
an extremely fine striate ground sculpture. Abdomen very finely and rather closely
punctured on the anterior segments, much less closely behind, the ground sculpture
similar. The pubescence throughout is longer and coaser. Antenna; with the 3rd
segment shorter than 2nd, 4th slightly longer than broad, 5th as long as broad.

* Kenya Colony: Nairobi — 3, 1940. (A. F. J. Gedye). Type in B.M.

4. TACHINUS (s. str.) TURNERI, sp. n.

Entirely black, the fore-parts shining, the abdomen duller. Antennas black. Legs
brov.'nish-yellow, the tibiae infuscate. Length 5 mm. In size and build much like
scapularis Steph. but differently coloured, the antennae a little longer, the penultimate
segments very slightly longer than broad; puncturation of head and thorax very similar,
but without ground sculpture; elytra much less finely and more closely punctured
without distinct ground sculpture; abdomen more closely and deeply punctured, the
ground sculpture more evident.

: 8th tergite produced in the middle as a broad triangular plate truncate at

apex or with a small notch; on each side with a stout short triangular process, shorter
than the central plate.

9 : 8th tergite with an acutely pointed and bisetose median plate, on each side

with two long narrow processes each with a long seta at apex, the lateral process
adjacent to the central plate extending beyond it, the outer lateral process shorter than
the central plate.

Kenya Colony: Londiani — 5, 1936. (H. J. A. Turiscr).

ALEOCHARINAE

5. NOPROMACA TURNERI, sp. n.

Fore-parts dull, head and thorax black; elytra reddish, infuscate at the sides;
abdomen black, shining. Antenna black, the first two segments and legs reddish
yellow. Length 3.5 mm.

Colour and lustre of trifida Cam. but more robust, the head not so distinctly
punctured, antenna with less transverse penultimate segments, elytra rather more
finely and closely, less roughly punctured. The structure of the 8th tergite in the
(j' is similar but the 6th and 7th are without the impressions seen in that species:
in all other respects similar.

Kenya Colony: Naivasha — 12, 37. (H. J. A. Turner). Unique. Type in B.M.

6. GYROPHAENA (s. str.) INTERMIXTA, sp. n.

Shining black, the base of the elytra narrowly and obscurely brownish-yellow, the
first two visible tergites obscurely reddish. Antenna black, the first four segments and
legs reddish-yellow. Length 2.3 mm. In build much like pulchella Heer. but in all
other respects quite different. Head rather broad but narrower than thorax, the sides
with a few moderate punctures; ground sculpture distinct, coriaceous. Antenna with

Jan. 1952 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylindcc 449

the third segment shorter than the 2nd, 4th small, transverse, 5th to 10th stouter only
slightly transverse. Thorax transverse (3.5: 2.5), the sides rounded in front, straight
and more retracted behind, with dorsal row of five punctures, the basal ones the
largest, the others sometimes more or less obsolete, at the sides with four or five others;
ground sculpture scarcely visible. Elytra longer (3,5 : 2.5) and broader than the thorax
(5 : 3.5) in the with some small scattered granules, in the 9 simple

scanty punctures; the ground sculpture very fine. Abdomen nearly impunctate, dis-
tinctly coriaceous, elytra with granules: 8th tergite with curved cultriform process
on each side, in the middle with a pair of close straight blunt spines as long as the
lateral processes.

Kenya Colony: Ngong — 6, 43. (V. G. L. Someren). Type in B.M.

7. GYROPHAENA (s. str.) PULCHRA, sp. n.

Shining, head black; thorax yellowish red; elytra yellow, the postero-external
area broadly infuscate; abdomen reddish yellow, the 6th tergite infuscate. Antenna;
black, the first four segments and legs reddish yellow. Length 3 mm. In colour and
build much like pidchella Heer but larger and more robust, the antennae differently
coloured, the fore-part without ground sculpture. Head with a few small punctures
on each side. Antennae with the penultimate segments slifhtly transverse. Thorax
transverse (4.5 : 3), the sides rounded in front, straight and more retracted behind with
dorsal row of four small punctures and one or two others at the side. Elytra longer
(4:3) and broader than the thorax, broader than long (6:4) almost impunctate on the
inner half postero-externally with a few small punctures. Abdomen very sparingly
punctured, the ground sculpture very fine on the anterior segments, much stronger

Kenya Colony: Ngong — 6.43. (V. G. L. Someren). Type in B.M.

on the 6th and 7th unknown.

8. CORD ALIA GEDYEI, sp, n.

Shining black, the thorax and base of abdomen dark brown. Antennre black, the
first three segments and legs reddish yellow. Length 2 mm. Build of obscure Gr.
but much smaller and of darker colour, the head less finely and more closely puctured :
Antenna; a little shorter and stouter, the 5th segment transverse. From coUarti Cam.
It differs in the head not widened behind the eyes and much more distinctly punctured,
darker colour of body and antennre, the elytra more finely punctured. The keel on
the 8th tergite is similar.

Kenya Colony: Athi Falls — 5.37. (A. F. J. Gedye). In hippopotamus

dejecta. Type in B.M.

9. ATHETA (Acrotona) GEDYEi, sp. n.

Rather shining; head pitchy black, thorax and abdomen yellowish red, the 6th
and 7th tergites infuscate, elytra yellow. Antenme black, the first two segments and
legs reddish yellow. Length 2 mm. Build of orpliana Er. and with similar antennae,
but more brightly coloured, the head and thorax much more coarsely and deeply
punctured, the elytra not quite so finely and rather less closely punctured, the sculpture
of the abdomen scarcely differing but the sides and apex with long black setae. Fore-
parts without ground sculpture. Middle tibiae with a short seta, the posterior with
a finer one.

Kenya Colony: Athi Falls — 7, 1937. (A. F. J. Gedye). In hippopotamus

dejecta. Unique. Type in B.M.

450 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylinidce VoL. xx

la ATHETA (Acrotona) KAMPALANA, sp. n.

Moderately shining, head dark red, thorax and first two tergites yellowish red,
the rest of the abdomen and elytra black. Antennae black, the first three and 11th
segments reddish yellow. Legs reddish yellow. Length 2.5 mm. In build much like
fimorum Bris. but smaller, the thorax shorter and so more transverse, the antennae
stouter with longer 11th segment, the colour different. Head transverse, narrower
than thorax, the post-ocular region rounded and as long as the eye; punctures rather
fine and close, the ground sculpture feeble. Antennae stout, moderately long, the
3rd segment as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th small, transverse, 6th to 10th broader,
slightly transverse, the 11th as long as the three preceding together. Thorax trans-
verse, narrower than the elytra, the sides evenly rounded, with punctures very similar
but closer than on the head, the ground sculpture feeble. Elytra longer and broader
than the thorax, broader than long, scarcely emarginate postero-externally, finely
closely asperately punctured, the ground sculpture very fine. Abdomen finely and
less closely punctured than in fimorum, especially behind.

LIganda: Kampala — 11, 38. (A. F- J- Gedye). Unique. British Museum.

11. AENITONIA (Anommatonia) NAIROBIANA, sp. n.

Somewhat shining; head black, thorax and abdomen dark reddish brown, elytra
black, the area between the dorsal and sutural costae reddish yellow. Antennae with
the first three segments reddish yellow, the following reddish. Legs reddish yellow.
Length 4.5 mm.

At once recognised by the colour of the elytra and more robust build than most
of the species of the sub-genus. Head as broad as thorax, the eyes large, the temples
prominent, bluntly angulate; disc with four ridges posteriorly, two at the base short
and diverging posteriorly, two others longer and lightly curved near the inner margins
of the eyes, and three blunt tubercles, two in front of these ridges and one median
between the antennae; sculpture coriaceous, impunctate. Antennae with the first three
segments elongate, the 2nd as long as the 3rd, 4th half as long, 5th to 10th transverse,
differing but little, 11th short, a little longer than the 9th and 10th together. Thorax
as long as broad, the sides straight scarcely retracted behind, the disc with two
strong longitudinal keels, the sculpture as on the head. Elytra longer (3.75 : 2.5) and
broader than the thorax, broader than long (4.5 : 3.75), each with three strong keels,
the sculpture as on thorax. Abdomen narrowed at base and towards apex, rather
closely and finely punctured, the ground sculpture weaker than on the fore-parts
and with a fine short pubescence.

Kenya Colony; Nairobi — 26 12, 20. (A. F. J. Gedye). Unique. British
Museum.

12. ZYRAS (Eurydonia) SEPARATES, sp. n.

Moderately shining; head dark reddish brown, the rest reddish yellow with the
6th tergite slightly infuscate. Antennae reddish, the first two segments and segments
and legs reddish yellow. Length 5 mm.

In colour much like naivashanus Bernh. but a little narrower with shorter antennae
the 4th to 10th segments much more transverse, the thorax and elytra without ground
sculpture. Head narrower than the thorax, (3.5; 4.3) the eyes large, the temples short,
with a few fine scattered punctures and very fine ground sculpture. Antennae with
the penultimate segments fully twice as long as broad, the 11th as long as the three
preceding together.

Jan. 1952 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylindce 451

Thorax transverse (4.4:3.75) convex, scarcely impressed laterally, the sides feebly
rounded, very sparingly and finely punctured and with long yellow hairs and a few
black setae especially at the sides. Elytra longer than the thorax (4:3.75) with closer
and more distinct punctures, the pubescence similar. Abdomen parallel, finely and
sparingly punctured, sparingly pubescent and without ground sculpture.

Kenya Colony: Emali Range, Sultan Hamud — alt. 4,900-5,900 ft. Unique.

British Museum.

reddish yellow. Legs reddish yellow. Length 9 mm. Near johnstoni Bernh. but

more robust and except for the black sutural region very similar in colour, the
antennae longer, the penultimate segments less transverse; head less transverse, the
sculpture very similar, thorax less shining, finely sulcate along the middle, rather more
finely punctured and with distinct coriaceous ground sculpture, the elytra much
more finely and closely punctured with less instinct ground sculpture than on the
thorax, the abdomen more finely punctured. Head narrower than thorax, transverse,
the eyes large and prominent, longer than the post-ocular region, finely, moderately
closely punctured, finely coriaceous. Antennae with the 4th to 10th segment slightly
transverse, differing but little, the 11th as long as the three preceding together.
Thorax sub-quadrate, transverse (6:5), the sides retracted and feebly emarginate to
the rounded posterior angles, finely sulcate along the middle, rather finely, moderately
closely punctured, more strongly coriaceous than the head. Elytra longer (6.5 : 5) and
broader than the thorax, broader than long (8.5: 6.5), the puncturation very similar
but closer, the ground sculpture less marked. Abdomen finely, moderately, closely
punctured, finely coriaceous.

Tanganyika Territory: Tanga— Unique 9. British Museum.

16. ZYRAS (Glossacantha) JACKSONI, sp. n.

Head and abdomen black, thorax and elytra yellowish red, the latter with the
postero-external region to beyond the middle of the side, black. Antennie ferruginous
red, the first three segments and legs reddish yellow. Length 7 mm.

(j^: head as broad as thorax, eyes very large, finely and sparingly punctured,

distinctly coriaceous, greasy lustrous. Antennae with the 4th to 10th segments
moderately transverse, 11th as long as the 9th and 10th altogethed. Thorax slightly
transverse (5:4.5) without impressions, finely, only moderately closely punctured, the
ground sculpture uniform and stronger than on the head. Elytra slightly longer than
the thorax (5:4.5) broader than long (6:5), the punctures about as close but not so
fine, the ground sculpture weaker. Abdomen finely and sparingly punctured, more
closely at the base of the 5th tergite, very finely coriaceous, shining; the 3rd tergitc
on each side with a large convex process furnished internally with a sharp spine
directed inwards backward and upwards, its apex not extending to the level of the
posterior margin of the 4th and a longer spine external to the side margin and
contiguous to it and extending a little beyond the level of the middle of this tergite,
the interval between the bases of the two spines arcuate: 4th with an obscure ridge
across the middle, its posterior margin with eight small tubercles: 5th with six small
tubercles across the middle and four on the posterior margin: 6th with four similar
tubercles across middle and four at the posterior margin : 7th with eight little tubercles,
the median pair the largest across the middle: 8th broadly superficially impressed
along the middle, the posterior margin nearly truncate and with four obscure teeth,
the median pair widely separated.

Somalia: Afgoi — 6, 1943. (T. H. E. Jackson). Unique. British Museum.

452 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylinidcc Vol. xx

17. ZYRAS (GlossacaMha) MENEGMETTI, sp. n.

Shining, entirely reddish yellow and without ground sculpture. Antennje ferru-
ginous. Legs reddish yellow. Length 7 mm. Differs from Igockii Bernh. in the
colour, smaller head and much shorter and thicker antennae and the 9 characters.
Head a little narrower than the thorax (4:4.5), on the disc with a few very fine
moderately close punctures, practically impunctuate elsewhere. Antennae short and very
stout, 3rd segment short, a little longer than the 2nd, 4th to 10th three time broader
than long, 11th as long as the three preceding together. Thorax transverse (4.5:4),
the sides gently rounded and only slightly retracted behind, with fine sparing scattered
punctures. Elytra slightly longer and broader than the thorax, the punctures much
larger but scanty. Abdomen finely and sparingly punctured on the 3rd to 5th tergites,
more coarsely and closely on the 6th to 8th.

: 3rd tergite on each side with an arcuate spine directed slightly inwards and

extending over about half the 4th, the margin between truncate: 8th with feebly
rounded posterior margin: 6lh sternite a little produced, its posterior margin feebly
and broadly emarginate in the middle.

Abyssinia: Dire Dana — 7, 42. (Meneghetti).

18. ZYRAS (Glossacantha) CEPHALICUS, sp. n.

Shining reddish yellow, the 6th, 7th and 8th tergites more or less blackish. Ground
sculpture absent except on the anterior half of the head. Antenna very short and
stout, ferruginous. Legs reddish yellow. Length 6.75 mm.

(j' : head nearly as broad as the thorax, without inter-antennal tubercle, finely

and sparingly punctured, the anterior half distinctly coriaceous and less shining.
Antennas with the 3rd segment scarcely longer than the 2nd, 4th to 10th strongly
transverse, the penultimate three times broader than long, 11th as long as the three
preceding together. Thorax slightly transverse (4.5 : 4), the sides evenly rounded and
retracted to the base, the posterior angles completely rounded, the puncturation
extremely fine and sparing. Elytra slightly longer and broader than the thorax, the
punctures much larger and more numerous. Abdomen with fine, rather close punctura-
tion on the 3rd tergite, much more sparing on the 4lh and 5th, 6th to 8th distinctly
more coarsely and closely punctured; 3rd tergite with a curved spine adjacent to
the lateral margin and extending beyond the middle of the 4th: 8th with some sm.all
scattered tubercles, its posterior margin rounded: 6th sternite a little produced and
feebly arcuately emarginate.

Abyssinia: Dire Dana — VII 42. (Meneghetti). Unique. British Museum.

19. ZYRAS (Glossacant&a) SOMALIANUS, sp. n.

Shining; head and abdomen black, the 7th and 8th tergites reddish yellow; thorax
and elytra reddish yellow. Antennae ferruginous, the first two sefments and legs
reddish yellow. Length 6.5 mm.

; head almost as broad as the thorax, not impressed and without inter-
antennal tubercle, rather finely and rather sparingly punctured, distinctly coriaceous.
Thorax slightly transverse (4.3:4), the sides slightly emarginate in the posterior half,
with a few small scattered punctures; ground sculpture absent. Elytra longer (4.5:4)
and broader than the thorax, broader than long (5.5; 4.5) finely and very sparingly
punctured and without ground sculpture except at extreme base. Abdomen almost
impunctate, finely coriaceous, the 3rd tergite broadly arcuately emarginate and narrowly
bordered, on each side with two sharp spines separaed by a narrow accuate emargina-

Jan. 1952

Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b„ f.r.e.s., African Staphylinchc

453

tion, the inner Spine shorted than the outer and directed backwards and inwards, the
outer longer, curved over the lateral margin, neither spine extending to the level of
the posterior margin of the 4th tcrgite; 6th with four little tubercles across the middle,
the central pair larger: 7th with a pair of arcuate ridges in the middle, the area
between depressed : 8th truncate posteriorly : 6th sternitc a little produced and rounded.
$ : head without ground sculpture, more shining; antennce stout, the 3rd segment
twice as long as 2nd, 4th to lOth nearly twice as broad as long, the llth as long as
the 9th and 10th together.

Somalia; Belet Uen and Shillave — 11, 41. ((^f type). Wardere, Ogaden Pro-

vince— 12, 44 ( § ).

20. ZYRAS (GlossacaMlia) DIFFEMENS, sp. n.

Shining; head and last four tergites black, the rest of the insect reddis yellow.
Antennae ferruginous, the first two segments and legs reddish yellow. Length 6.5 mrn.

(pf : size and build of sonialianus Cam. the antennie similarly constructed but
but differs in the colour of the abdomen the characters and the following respects;
heod v’ith inter-antennal tubercle, the puncturation finer, the ground sculpture vreaker,
throax with scarcely different puncturation but with a fine and distinct ground
sculpture, elytra with distinct ground sculpture but with similar puncturation to that
species the sculpture of the adomen as in somalianus: 3rd tergite produced backwards
in the middle as a short broad lamella feebly emarginate in its whole width behind,
its angles acute at each side with a long curved spine overlying the lateral margin and
extending to the level of the posterior margin of the 4th tergite; a second spine ar ses
from the inner aspect of the lateral margin of the 3rd tergite, it is curved and
directed inwards towards the posterior angle of the median lamella and underlies the
base of the principal spine : 5th and 6th tergites with median keels throughout, 7th
with a few small tubercles: 8th with gently rounded posterior margin furnished with
six little teeth, the median pair larger and closer together: 6th sternite a little produced
and gently rounded.

Somalia: Arfa Mudugh Province — Alt. 1,50-0 feet. 6, 1944. (T. H. E. Jackson).

Unique. Type in B.M.

VAR. DEBILITATUS, n.

In this variation the median plate and short inwardly directed spine of the 3rd
tergite are less developed and the keels on the 5th and 6th are reduced to tubercles.

Kenya Colony : Email Range, Sultan Plamud — Alt. 4,900-5,900 ft. Ill 40,

Makindu, 4, 37.

21. ZYRAS (GIossacaMha) LUCULENTUS, sp. n.

Shining reddish yellow, the 5th, 6th and 7th tergites entirely or largely black, the
whole insect without ground sculpture. Antennae ferruginous, the first three segments
and legs reddish yellow. Length 6 mm.

Head narrower than the thorax (3.5:4) without inter-antennal tubercle, very finely
and very sparingly punctured. Antenns with the 3rd segment twice as long as the 2nd,
4th to 10th moderately transverse, llth a little longer than the 9th and 10th together.
Thorax transverse (4:3.2), the sides gently rounded and retracted to the base, except
for a pair of small punctures behind the middle and the two or three at the sides,
practically impunctate. Elytra longer (4:3.2) and broader than the thorax, broader

454 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylinidce VoL. xx

than long (5 : 4) with a row of three or four small punctures on the disc and five or
six at the sides, otherwise practically impunctate. Abdomen almost impunctate.

gf : 3rd tergite on each side with an arcuate spin within and parallel to the lateral

margin and extending nearly to the posterior margin of the 4th: 7th at the base
with a pair of larger pointed tubercles, the posterior margin rounded.

Kenya Colony: Gilgil (D. G. Macinnes). Type 5, 40, Ngong 5, 40 Q (at

light). Type in B.M.

22 ZYRAS (Androdonia) VICTORIAE-NYANZAE, Bernh

The type is 9 • The characters are as follows : 3rd tergite with a curved

spine within the lateral margin and not extending beyond the posterior margin of the
4th, 8th truncate with two little tubercles on the posterior margin.

Kenya Colony: Nairobi — 8.36. (A. F. J. Gedye). Type in B.M.

23 ZYRAS (Androdonia) EMASCULATES, sp. n

Moderately shining: head and elytra black, the shoulders more or less reddish;
thorax red, abdomen with the raised sides and first two visible tergites red, the follow-
ing black. Antennae black, the first three segments and legs reddish yellow. Length
7 mm. In build colour and antennae structure scarcely differing from mirabilis Bernh.
but the head in both sexes is more shining and the inter-antennal tubercle more
prominent, the punctures less numerous, the ground sculpture obviously weaker, thorax
less finely and less obsoletely punctured and with distinct median impressed line;
sculpture of elytra scarcely differing in the two species, the abdomen practically
impunctate.

: head with the vertex broadly superficially impressed; 3rd tergite slightly but
broadly produced and narrowed in the middle, its posterior margin emarginate in its
whole width : 7th with a small tubercle in the middle in front of the posterior margin
and a yet smaller one on each side of it : 8th with the posterior margin broadly
feebly emarginate.

Kenya Colony: N.W. Man — Alt. 10,000 feet. Jan. -Feb. 1946 (Type). Thiba

R. Camp, alt. 6,800 feet.

24. ZYRAS (Parophthafmonia) ROTUNDICOLLIS, sp. n.

Shining; head and abdomen black, the posterior margins of the tergites narrowly
and obscurely rufescent, thorax and elytra reddish yellow. Antennae brown, the first
three segments and legs reddish yellow. Length 7 mm. z

More shining than gravidula Per., the abdomen darker in colour, the sides of
the thorax more strongly rounded and with finer, more sparing puncturation, the elytra
more sparingly and finely punctured, scarcely asperate, the ground sculpture through-
out much weaker. Head finely and sparingly punctured. Antennas with the 3rd
segment longer than the 2nd, 4th to 10th all longer than broad, and decreasing in
length. Thorax transverse (7.3: 4.5), the sides evenly rounded with the base, broadly
impressed, very finely moderately closely puncture. Elytra longer than the thorax
(6.4.75) broader than long (8 : 6) very finely, scarcely asperately, moderately closely
punctured. Abdomen finely and sparingly punctured. Differs from diversicollis
Bernh, in the less transverse thorax with more strongly and evenly rounded side^ and

Jan. 1952 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Slaphylindce 455

finer puncturation, the elytra are less closely punctured and the ground sculpture
throughout weaker, the whole insect more shining.

Uganda: Bwamba — 7/8, 1946. (V. G. L. Someren). Unique. unknown.

Type in B.M.

25. ZYRAS (Parophthalmonia) PECULIARIS, sp n.

Shining; head and elytra black, the humeral region and thorax reddish brown:
abdomen pitchy. Antennae ferruginous. Legs reddish yellow. Length 8 mm.

9 : readily recognised by the colour and completely absence of ground sculpture
Head narrower than thorax (5:6.5), broadly smooth along the middle, at the side#
with a few small punctures; eyes large. Antennae long, the 3rd segment three times
longer than the 2nd, 4th to 7th a little longer than broad, decreasing in length, 8th
to 10th slightly transverse, all distinctly compressed and narrowed to their bases,
11th a little longer than the 9th and 10th together. Thorax transverse (6.75:4.5)
narrower than the elytra, scarcely preceptibly impressed laterally, the sides gently
rounded and retracted to the base, the posterior angles completely rounded, impunctate
along the middle, elsewhere with small scattered punctures, the sides with long black
setae. Elytra longer (6 : 4.5) and broader than the thorax, broader than long (9 : 6)
rather closely and much more coarsely punctured. Abdomen parallel, practically
impunctate.

Kenya Colony: N. W. Mau— Alt. 8-10,000 ft. 2, 1946. Unique. British

Museum.

26 ZYRAS (Parophthalmonia) MABIRANUS, sp n.

Very near rotundicolUs Cam. of the same size and build, the thorax broader than
the base of the elytra with simitar strongly and evenly rounded sides, but more shining,
the puncturatioon not so fine and rather closer: elytra more closely punctured, the
punctures finer and somewhat asperate, finally the abdomen is yellowish red in colour
and yet more sparingly punctured. Antenn® with the first four segments reddish
yellow, the rest wanting. From diversicollis Bernh., it differs in the less fine and
rougher puncturation of the thorax which is also shorter and more transverse with more
evenly rounded sides, the puncturation of the elystra is as close but not quite so fine
as in diversicollis. Length 7 mm.

Uganda: Mabira For. — 10, 37. (T. H. E. Jackson). A single. Type in B.M.

ZYRACANTHUS, gen. n.

Near Myrmechusa Wasm. but at once distinguished by the trapezoidal thewax
somewhat like that of Dorylocratus Wasm., and shorter and less slender posterior
tarsi. The maxillary palpi are similar to those of Mvrmechnsa. The setae are longer
and more numerous than in that genus. The mouth parts owing to lack of material
cannot be satisfactorily examined.

27. ZYRACANTHUS TURNERI, sp. n

cf : Moderately shining : head and abdomen black, the strongly elevated side

margins of the latter reddish yellow. Thorax pitchy all the margins narrowly, the
anterior angles broadly reddish yellow. Elytra pitchy, the suture narrowly, the base
obscurely and indeterminately reddish. Antennre black. Legs reddish yellow, the
tibiae infuscate. Length 8 mm. Head transverse, narrower than the thorax, the eyca

456 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African StaphyUnidce VoL. xx

large as long as the rounded post-ocular region; produced between the antennal
tubercles narrowed and rounded in front; the punctures small and scattered, ground
sculpture limited to the posterior region where it is fine and more or less transverse.
Antennas with the 1st segment long and stout, 2nd very small, 3rd to 7th all very long
but decreasing in length (the rest wanting). Thorax transverse (7 ; 5), the anterior border
broadly and rather deeply emarginate, the anterior angles produced and rounded in
front, the sides straight and strongly retracted to the rounded posterior angles, the
sides broadly, the base narrowly sulcate, the disc convex with small scattered
punctures as on the head, the sides impunctate; ground sculpture absent, the sides and
anterior angles with numerous long and short black setae. Elytra longer (6 : 5) and
broader than the thorax, wider behind, broader than long (10:6) with small
moderately close punctures larger than on the thorax, the sides with long black setae;
ground sculpture absent except at the sides and a along the posterior margin. Abdomen
narrowed at base and apex, the sides gently rounded, finely, moderately closely
punctured and with fine ground sculpture, rather long black sefie and shorter yellow
pubescence,

Hab.: —

28. AMAROCHARA (Lasiochara) GIGAS, sp. n.

Shining black : antennas black : the first two segments yellowish brown. Legs
reddish yellow. Length 5.3 mm.

At once distinguished by its large size. Head orbicular, narrower than the thorax,
the post-ocular region finely bordered below; eyes large, fully as long, impunctate along
the middle, elsewhere with rather large scattered punctures. Antennae stout, the 1st
segment deply emarginate at the apex, the 3rd segment as long as 2nd, this as long
as the 1st, 4th as long as broad, 5th to 9th slightly transverse differing but little, the
rest wanting. Thorax transverse (4 ; 3.5), the sides gently rounded, slightly narrower
in front than behind, the angles rounded, impunctate along the middle, elsewhere with
similar but closer punctures than on the head. Elytra longer and broader than the
thorax (4:3.5), broader than long (5.5:4), the punctures very similar. Abdomen
slightly narrowed at the apex, the punctures finer and less close than on the elytra,
but closer on the 7th tergite than on the preceding. The whole insect without
ground sculpture, the pubescence yellow, moderate.

Kenya Colony: Osiri, N. Kav. — 5, 1934. (H. J. A. Turner). Unique. Type

in B.M.

PARAMAROCHARA gen. n.

Closely allied to Amarochara Thoms, having similar antennae sternal and tarsal
structure, but at once distinguished by the anterior and middle tibiae being closely
spinose and the posterior femora with a short tooth a little behind the apex internally
and a much longer one nearer the middle of the inner border. The temples are
finely bordered posteriorly. The maxillary palpi are longer than in Amarochara,
the 3rd segment much longer and but little thickened towards apex, the 4th very short
and pointed. I am unable to see the structure of the torque etc., the specimen being
unique.

29. PARAMAROCHARA MONTANA, sp. n.

Shining, head and thorax dark reddish brown, the elytra and abdomen black,
the former rufescent at the base, Antennie black, the first three segments reddish yellow,
the first of three more or less impuscate. Legs reddish yellow. Length 4.2 mm.

Jan. 1952 Malcolm Cameron, r.n„ m.b., F.r.e.s., African Slaphylindce 457

Head orbicular, a little narrower than the thorax, the eyes distinctly shorter than
the post-ocular region, impunctate along the middle, elsewhere with small, moderately
closely punctures. Antennas stout, the 1st segment deeply emarginate at apex, a little
shorter than the 2nd, 3rd shorter than 2nd, 4th to 10th transverse, 5th to 10th differing
but little, a half broader han long, 11th a little longer than the 9th and 10th together
Thorax as long as broad, the sides gently rounded in front, straighter and slightly
retracted behind, the angles rounded, the punctures much like those of the head but
closer and uniformly distributed. Elytra as long as but broader than the thorax,
broader than long (3.5: 2.5), the sculpture similar. Abdomen parallel, only very
slightly narrowed at apex, more closely and coarsely, somewhat roughly punctured
on the 3rd to 5th tergites in the impressions, more finely and less closely elsewhere.
The whole insect without ground sculpture, the pubescence yellow, moderate, longer
on the aidomen.

Kenya Colony: Emali Range, Sultan Hamud — Alt. 4,900-5,900 feet. 3, 40.

Unique. British Museum.

30. ALEOCHARA (Baryodma) TURNERI, sp. n.

Entirely black, moderately shining. Antennae black. Legs reddish yellow, the
femora and tibiae slightly infuscate. Length 5 mm.

In general appearance much like bohemani (B. and S.) but the antennae longer
and entirely black, thorax shorter and broader, more transverse, less finely punctured,
elytra more coarsely and roughly punctured, abdomen much more densely punctured.
Head moderately finely closely punctured. Antennae with the 3rd segment as long as
2nd, 4th to 7th a littler longer than broad decreasing in length, 8th to 10th slightly

transverse, 11th as long as the 9th and 10th together. Thorax transverse (5.5:4)

closely punctured like the head. Mesosternum carinate. Elytra as long as the thorax,
a little broader, closely, rather coarsely and rouoghly punctured. Abdomen very
closely, punctured much as in intricata Mannh.

Kenya Colony: Londiani — May 1936. (H. J. A. Turner). Type in B.M.

31. ALEOCHARA (Polychara) AFRICANA, sp. n.

Entirely black : head, thorax and abdomen more shining than the elytra.
Antennae black, the first two segments and apex of the last brownish yellow. Legs

reddish yellow, the middle and posterior tibiae infuscate. Length 7 mm. Larger

and more robust than lanuginosa Gr. less shining, the antenme longer and stouter,
the head more finely and sparingly punctured; antennae with the 3rd segment a little
longer than the 2nd, 4th a little longer than broad, 5th to 10th transverse, about a
half broader than long, 11th as long as the 9th and 10th together. Thorax with
sculpture much like that of lanuginosa. Mesosternum keeled. Elytra with rather close
and distinctly asperate puncturation, not emarginate postero-externally. Abdomen
more finely punctured than in lanuginosa, especially in the basal impressions. Ground
sculpture absent. Rubescence yellow, rather long, much as in lanuginosa.

Uganda: Kalinzu For. — 10, 37. (T. H. E. Jackson). Unique. British Museum.

32 ALEOCHARA (Polychara) JACKSONI, sp n

Shining; head and abdomen black, the first four visible tergites narrowly, the
5th more broadly, the 6th entirely, reddish yellow: thorax and elytra dark reddish
brown. Antennae reddish, the first thre and 11th segments reddish yellow. Legs
reddish Yellow. Length 6 mm.

458 Malcolm Cameron, r.n., m.b., f.r.e.s., African Staphylinidm VoL. xx

Somewhat resembling fuinata Gr. in build, but with longer, less transverse
thorax; the puncturation and pubescence of the head and thorax is very similar to that
of fumata, but the puncturation of the elytra is distinctly coarser than in that species,
the antennae a little longer and more slender. Head a little widened behind, finely
and sparingly punctured. Antennae with the 4th segment a little longer than broad,
5th to 10th moderately transverse, lithe nearly as long as the three preceding together.
Thorax broader than long (4:3), rather strongly narrowed towards the front.
Mesosternum carniate. Elytra as long as, and a little broader than the thorax, not
emarginate postero-externally. Abdomen narrowed towards apex, rather more closely
and less finely punctured than in fumata. The whole insect without ground sculpture,
the pubescence yellow, rather close.

Uganda: Kalinzu For. — 10, 37. (T. H. E. Jackson). Unique. British Museum.

Jan. 1952

459

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

The Editor should like to encourage Readers of the East Afrca Natural History
Journal to send in nature notes and short accounts of interesting observations for
inclusion among he 'Miscellaneous Notes’.

NOTES ON THE NESTING OF THE HADADA, HAGEDA3HIA HAGEDASH
ERLANGERI NEUM.

Having constructed a small pond in my garden near Ngobit, 1 was very interested
to find a couple of Hadadas nesting nearby soon afterwards. They hatched 2 chicks
in September, of which one was killed after leaving the nest. The birds returned in
March, and for a week or so were busy building up the old nest, but finally left it
without breeding. In September they built a new nest near the old one, using
materials from the old nest. On September 22nd the hen started sitting. On October
16th 2 chicks were hatched. On November 15th the young birds left the nest, the
parents showing signs of great agitation. The young birds remained in the tree and
returned to the nest at night. They were seen flying with both parents about a
week later. In March of the following year the nest used in September was built
up again, and 2 chicks were hatched and reared.

F. B. GOUGH.

P.O. Nanyuki.

[Editor's Note ; According to Jackson and Sclater (The Birds of Kenya Colony
and the Uganda Protectorate’, 'Vol. I, page 84), the Nile Valley Hadada, H. h. nilotica
Neum. breeds in May and June and in September and October. Sir Charles Belcher
(The Birds of Nyasaland’) mentions finding a nest in November. Hadadas’ nests
may be found on low bushes over-hanging the water, but also in trees or even on
top of candelabra suphosbias. The clutch consists of three eggs, which are pale
brownish to buffy-white, marked with reddish-brown streaks and splotches. Mr.
Gough’s interesting notes on the nesting habits of the eastern race seems to indicate
that quite often only two chicks are hatched and reared. Further observations,
accompanied by exact data on the position of the nest, the size of the clutch and the
time of incubation would be very welcome].

A BRIEF NOTE ON SOME BIRDS SEEN AROUND MALINDI 9-18/12/50
Larus hemprichii

Visit were made to various points on the coast within 20 miles of Malindi and
thi«, and other gulls were found to have a very limited distribution. No gulls were
seen at Ngomeni, Mambrui or the Blue Lagoon, but only along the stretch of coast
between Casuarina Point and the Sabaki river, and on the Malindi bandari. I am
not certain where they roosted, possibly at Casuarina Point where a flock of 60 birds
was seen resting on the shore at high tide on the evening of the 12th, or possibly at
Malindi itself. Each morning a number of birds passed along the Malindi front,
flying Northwards to the Sabaki river where they scavenged during the day on refuse
swept down by the flooded river, returning to Malindi or Casuarina Point in the
evening. But the majority of birds were to be found at Malindi itself scavenging
on refuse and the guttings of fish, etc. and resting on the reef at low tide.

About half of the 100 or so birds seen were in immature plumage. It was noted
that in addition to plumage differences immature birds are without the red spot on

the bill.

469

Miscellaneous Notes

VoL. XX

n

Larus fuscus

About half a dozen Lesser Black Backs were seen with the Hemprich's gulls
and had the same daily movements. Both adult and immature birds were seen.

Larus ridibundus

A single bird believed to be a Black-headed Gull was seen on two occasions, once
at the Sabaki river and once on the reef outside Malindi. It had the typical wing
pattern, dusky red bill and legs, dark iris and dusky spot on the ear coverts of this
gull in winter plumage, and was slightly smaller than Hemprich’s gull. If the
identification is correct this is a new record for Kenya, and it can be classed as a rare
migrant from the North during the European winter. A similar bird was seen by me
once before, at Malindi in March 1949, only differing in being still in late immature
plumage.

Sterna bengalensis and Sterna bergii.

A flock of about 500 Lesser Crested and a dozen Greater Crested Terns appeared
to be based on Malindi, resting on the reef outside the town during the heat of the
day and presumed to be fishing over the open sea well ouside the reef during the cooler
morning and evening. It was not discovered where they roosted if at all, or what their
movements are when high tide falls during the middle of the day; the latter condition
was not observed during my visit.

This large flock was carefully inspected for terns of other species, but none were

seen.

Gelochelidon nilotica

The Gull-billed Tern frequents sheltered bays rather than the open coasts, and was
seen at Ngomeni — a single bird — and Mida — about a dozen birds, resting on the
exposed mud and hawking over the shallow water of the bay and pools on the mud-
banks.

Phoenicopterus ruber

About 150 Greater Flamingo were present in Mida Bay, this being a larger number
than I saw there at any time in 1949. A number of Flamingo appear to be present
at Mida at all times of the year and are occasionally seen at other points on the coast.

Dromas ardeola

An uncommon bird on the coast South of Lamu, one was seen at Malindi and a
flock of about 60 birds at Ngomeni.

Wader

The principal centres for waders near Malindi, where large numbers can usually
be seen, are in the sheltered bays and along the edge of the mangrove swamps at
Ngomeni and Mida, although waders in limited numbers can be found in small
parties along most stretches of the coast.

The locally resident Little While-fronted Plover is, of course, an exception, being
practically confined to the sea shore particularly the sandy stretches of coast backed
by sandhills between Malindi and Ras Ngome.

Most of the migratory waders were seen, including fair numbers of Terek Sand-
piper at Mida and several Marsh Sandpiper at the mouth of the Sabaki river. The

Jan. 1952

Miscellaneous Notes

461

latter docs not appear to be common met with on the Coast. There was no sign,
however, of Godwit at Mida where I was lucky to see 4 Bar-tailed Godwit in 1949.

J. SMART.

THE SAW-SCALED VIPER IN KENYA.

Professor Toschi (1948, Journ. E.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., 19, p. 134 (1946)) is mistaken
in supposing that this viper was first taken in Kenya in 1943 by members of the
Coryndon Museum staff. He is correct in saying that it was unknown from Kenya
when my Check List of Reptiiia (now hopelessly out of date) was published in 1924.
However, five years later, when reporting on East African Reptiles and Amphibians in
the United States National Museum (1929, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 151, p. 39), I recorded
it from the Northern Uaso Nyiro, Lake Rudolf, and Dussia, to the south-
east of Lake Rudolf. Actually these four snakes had been collected as long ago as
1912 by members of the Theodore Roosevelt Expedition.

fe-

More recently Bogert (1940, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 77, p. 102) recorded
this species from Garissa where it had been taken in 1933 by Davison and Johnson.
Both Bulletins are, or should be. in the Library of the Coryndon Museum.

As shown by Constable (1949), Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 103, p. 155) the correct
name for the Kenya race of saw-scaled viper is Echis ceninatus pyramidiini (Geoffroy),
described from Egypt but ranging eastwards through Arabia and Northern India till
it meets with the typical form from Arni (type locality of carinatns) and Madras.

ARTHUR LOVERIDGE,

Museum of Comparative Zoology,

Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.

July 1st, 1950.

462

VoL. XX

REVIEWS

MANY HAPPY DAYS PVE SQUANDERED. By Arthur Loveridge, London:
Robert Hale Ltd. 1949. Illustrated.

Mr. Arthur Loveridge, for many years a faithful contributor to the East African
Natural History .lournal, is the world's greatest authority on East African reptiles and
amphibians, and his many scientific papers are well known to all students of African
Natural History. He has now written a book in a more popular vein, telling us how
he became a naturalist already as a small boy (“Born with a butterfly net in one hand,
a killing bottle in the other"), how he started collecting back home in Wales, and how
he came to East Africa in 1914, to become the curator of the East Africa and Uganda
Natural History Society's Museum in Nairobi, out of which grew the Coryndon
Museum. During the first World War, Mr. Loveridge served in Tanganyika pursuits.
After leaving the army he became an assistant game warden in Tanganyika, and finally
went to the U.S.A. to take up an appointment at the Harvard Museum of Comparative
Zoology, where he ie now Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians. Mr. Loveridge's
book is packed with interesting information, not only on snakes, lizards and tortoises,
but on birds, mammals and insects as well. He kept alive and studied at close quarters
many rarely seen creatures and made careful notes on their habits. The Big Game
enthusiast will find accounts of encounters with leopards and man-eating lions. “Many
Happy Days I've Squandered" is a delightful book, and should find its place on the
shelf of every person interested in the Wild Life of “that naturalist’s paradise’’— Eastern
Africa. The Publishers promise another similar book from Mr. Loveridge’s pen, and
perhaps we may also hope that one day he will present us with a detailed work on
East African reptiles and amphibians, a work which would be extremely welcome to
field naturalists!

C.A.W.G.

BUTTERFLIES OF RHODESIA. With a short introduction to the Insect World. By
E. C. G. Pinhey, B.Sc. (Lond.) Salisbury. Published by the Rhodesia
Scientific Association, 1949.

Butterfly collectors will most enthusiastically welcome Mr. Pinhey’s book for though
dealing with the butterflies of Rhodesia, it is also of greatest value to Lepidopterists
residing in one of the East African Territories. The introductory chapters deal with
the structure of butterflies, with their organs of special sense, their life history, and
with such fascinating subjects as variation, protective colouration and migration.
There are valuable hints to collectors, a summary of some family characteristic, and a
very good key to the families of Rhodesian butterflies, which deals with adults, larvae
and pupae. All of the over 450 species of butterflies known to occur in Rhodesia
are listed, and of one third of them concise descriptions and short notes on their
habits and distribution will be found. Where the larvae is known, a short description
is given. Time-tables for the species described, and tables giving the food plants of
caterpillars are of especial value. The book contains 15 very fine coloured plates,
painted by the author, and 6 black-and-white plates, taken from photographs, as well
as many text figures. There is a glossary of scientific terms, a list of abbreviations of
authors’ names, a short bibliography, and an index. Altogether Mr. Pinhey, who
is now Entomologist at the Coryndon Museum, has given us a book which will prove
to be most useful both to the beginner and to the advanced collector.

C.A.WG.

Jan. 1952

Review

463

FIFTY-TWO KENYA TREES AND HOW TO RECON/SE THEM. By R. Fane.

East African Standard. 2/50.

This is not a book for the experts; but a beginner like myself can get a good half-
crown’s worth of fun and interest out of it. In the introduction Mrs. Fane disclaims
having written it, and led me to expect that she had more or less copied the text from
Battiscombe. This is far from being the case. No doubt she is indebted to
Battiscombe, as everyone is who is interested in East African trees; but she has re-
written the notes in her own words and added points to help identification. And there
are a few — alas! very few — excellent photographs. It is useless to notice a tree and
look for it in this book. The odds are too great that it will not be there. The best
thing to do is to go through it and see how many you already know and how many
you can immediately recall, and determine to look out for the others. As thus — “II —
Trees of the Nairobi District — . . Erythrina” yes. “Markhamia”, yes. “Craibia?”
Why, that must be the one that was in flower when we picnicked in Langata Forest.

"Brachylaena?” I don't know that at all. Said to be “very typical of the forests round
Nairobi.” “I must look out for it.” By the time you know all 52, you will have
begun to notice things, and be on the look-out for the handbook of trees for which
.Mrs. Fane realises that there is a wide demand. Could not the Arbor Society under-
take it? And meantime a reprint of Battiscombe’s book is surely due.

There is a useful glossary of botanical terms, and the nomenclature is interest-
ing. Vernacular, Latin and (where they exist) English names are given, and in the list
of most used names an odd jumble occurs of all three. This is how a live nomen-
clature grow up, not by somebody thinking it would be nice to call Craterostigma
“Kenya Violet” and other people objecting. Trees evidently have to be talked about
more than flowers.

P. ALLEN.

East Africa Natural History Society

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

The Society is prepared to consider articles dealing with Natural History for
publication in the Journal. The articles should be concise and should be typed on
one side of the paper only.

In accordance with the accepted practice scientific names are printed in italics.
These, should be underlined in the typescript. Names of new species described in
an article when rnemtioned are printed in bold face. Such names should be under-
lined with an interrupted line.

It will be appreciaed if references to literature are typewritten in the form
customary in English scientific periodicals. Each reference to a periodcal should
begin with the writer’s name and the reference should be arranged in alphabetical
order. The name is followed by the initials and then the year of publication. The
name of the journal should be given next in italics, followed by the volume number
in bold face and the page in roman. Standard abbreviations for' the names of most
journals are available and should be adopted when possible.

References to .text-books should be similar in form to those for journals; but
after the title of the book, voiume number and page, the place of publication and
publisher’s name should be given.

The following examples illustrate these points:

Evans, R.T., 1947. F. F.nst Africa Nat. Hist. Soc., 19, 18.

Jackson, F. J., 1938. The Birds of Kenya Colony and Uganda Protectorate,
3,1261. London. Gurney & Jackson.

In the text, references should be made to the bibliography by giving the author’!
name and the date in brackets, nol by numbers or footnotes.

Illustrations should be in a form suitable for reproduction. The Editor cannot
be expected to redraw. Black and white illustrations should be in Indian ink on
Bristol board oor thick white paper. If drawn larger than it is intened that they should
appear, reproduction is usually better. An indication of the degree of reduction is
advisable. Photographs should be printed on glossy paper and should be the size of
intended reprodution.

Articles should be submifted to the Secretary, P.O. Box 658, Nairobi, for
consideration by the Committee. The Committee reserve the right to reject papers
that it considers unsuitable. Authors may be asked to pay part of the cost of
making blocks if the number of illustrations is large. The writer of an article is entitled
to twenty-five offprints free of charge. Larger numbers can be supplied at cost if
ordered when the article is submitted.

BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL

The Committee is very anxious to obtain various back numbers of the Journal
which are either in short supply or out of print. These are required for exchange
purposes with scientific institutions or societies overseas, and if any members have
back numbers which they would be willing to dispose of in this way. would they please
notify the Hon. Secretary, P.O. Box 658, Nairobi. The numbers wanted in particular
are:— Nos. 1-7, 9-13, 15, 16, 38/39, 45, 47, Vol. 12 Nos. 3/4, 75/76, 81/82, 83/84.

■ THE BIRDS OF KENYA AND UGANDA. By V. G. L. Van Somcren.

THE BUTTERFLIES OF KENYA AND UGANDA.

By V. G. L. van Someren and collaborators

A very limited number of complete sets of these two works arc now available,
bound in leather and parchment. Prices are as follows:

Birds. Vols. 1 and 2 bound together, Sh. 100/- for the two.

Butterflies. Vols. 1 and 2 bound separately, Sh. 100/- for each volume.

The following popular brouches published by the Society are also available it
the uniform price of Sh. 3 / - per copy from :

rhe Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi.

S. J. Moore's Bookshop, Government Road, Nairobi.

The C.M.S. Booksnop, Nairobi.

The East African Standard, Ltd., Delamere Avenue, Nairobi.

A POPULAR GUIDE TO SOME OF THE FISHES OF THE CORAL REEF:

By Hugh Copley.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS OF EAST AFRICA:

By W. M. and R. E. Moreau.

SOME COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE NAIROBI DISTRICT:

By A. J. Wiley and J. R. Hudson.

A GUIDE TO THE SNAKES OF THE NAIROBI DISTRICT:

By Arthur Loveridge.

E.A. Printing Press, Ltd., P.O. Box 1458, Nairobi.

5 : c . '

Jfottrnal

OF THE

®ast Jlfrica Jiatural ISistorj

December, 1952 VOL. XXI Nos. 2(92)

CONTENTS

Page

Some Field Notes on the Birds of Mogadishu.

By B. G. Lynn-Allen. ... ... ... ... 57

The Lammergeier in Eastern Africa.

By Raymond Hook ... ... ... ... 66

/

The Occurrence of a Species of Caddis Fly, Helicopsyche Bremi
(Trichoptera Sericostomatidae) in Tropical Africa. (Illus-
trated).

By Bernard Verdcourt.. ... ... ... ... 67

Four New Kenya Moths. (Illustrated)

By A. L. H. Townsend. ... ... ... ... 68

Observations on Stoloniferous Grasses in Kenya. (Illustrated).

By A. V. Bogdan, F. L. S 71

A Little-known Waterlily from Tanganyika.

By P. R. O. Bally 76

Book Review:

Some Game Birds of West Africa. By William Alexander
Fairbairn, D.Sc., Edin. ... ... ... ... ... 78

Date of Publication:
DECEMBER

Additional Copies to Members: 5/ — ; non-Members: 10/ —

East Africa Natural History Society

Patrons.

Hia Excellency The Hon. Sir EVELYN BARING K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O.
His Excellency Sir PHILIP MITCHELL, K.C.M.G.

His Excellency Sir HENRY MOORE, K.C.M.G.
Air-Vice-Marshall Sir ROBERT BROOKE-POPHAM,
G.C.V.O., K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., A.F.C.

President.

HUGH COPLEY Esq. O.B.E.

Vice-President.

R. W. RAYNER Esq. B.A., A.L.C.T.A.

Executive Committee.

P. R. O. BALLY Esq.,

Colonel M. H. COWIE.

W. HALE Esq., ^

J. S. KARMALI Esq.,

J. G. WILLIAMS Esq., M.B.O.U.

T. MAGNER Esq.,

Hon. Secretary.

Miss M. D. BALL.

Hon. Treasurer.

W. R. BOWLES Esq.,

Hon. Librarian.

R. A. F. BRENNAN M.A.

All correspondence in connection with this Journal should be addressed to
THE HON. SEC. P.O. BOX 658, NAIROBI.

Journal

of the East Africa Natural History Society

December, 1952 VOL. XXI Nos. 2(92)

SOME FIELD NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF MOGADISHU
By B. G. Lynn-Allen.

These notes are a record of birds seen in the Mogadishu area from
mid-October until the end of March. All the species mentioned were
seen on the shore, or on the maritime sand-dunes a few hundred yards
from it: no attempt has been made to include the numerous varieties
existing in thorn scrub a mile or so inland. The great majority of ob-
servations were made within two and a half miles of the town itself: an
excellent reef (uncovered at low tide|, some miles south of Mogadishu
was visited about a dozen times: a single trip was made to Gezira, about
fifteen miles farther south: and a morning and evening were spent at
Brava, some 110 miles dov/n the coast. About a hundred afternoons or
evenings were spent watching these shore birds. It is hoped that these
rough notes may prove of interest in giving some indication of the inci-
dence of the various maritime species which occur on this part of the
Somalia coast during the European winter.

1. Reef Heron {Demigretta schistacea)

Seen continuously and regularly between October and March. White
and dark forms observed; worked out in the rough proportion of two to
one. Several times a white Reef-Heron was seen flying with an apparent-
ly smaller brown one. Never observed further inland than a few yards
from the water’s edge. (Probably immature examples).

2. Grey Heron (Ardea c. cinerea)

Single birds seen regularly throughout the season.

3. Night Heron (N.n.nycticorax)

One only observed, on March 23. The bright orange-yellow legs
were most conspicuous in flight. This bird was seen on the rocky fore-
shore and allowed a close approach.

4. Abdim’s Stork (S.abdimii)

A large flock of thirty or fourty birds seen on the maritime plain
some few miles outside Mogadishu on Feb. 20 and Feb. 23.

5. Greater Flamingo {P.r. antiquorum)

Three specimens, presumably of this species, were seen in the dam
of a salt-works at Gezira on November 3.

6. Osprey (P.h.haliaetusf

First seen on October 28. From then onwards Osprey were observed
on most days right up to the end of March. Twice, one was seen carrying

^S01S53

58 Lynne-Allen, Field Notes on the birds of Mogadishu VoL. xx

a fish of 1 lb to U lbs, held lengthways in the talons; on both occasions
the Osprey was uttering “a chirping mew” as it passed overhead. The
following are a few notes on the dive: —

“ December 20 — a wonderful exhibition of diving, about five dives
in half an hour; but saw nothing caught. The bird beat slowly up against
the wind, hovering like a huge Kestrel. The dive starts in a steep slant
and then becomes a straight plummet drop. The wings are kept
open for at least three-quarters of the descent, and occasion-
ally seemed to stay open until the surface was struck. At other times
they v/ere shut considerably before the water was reached. The time
under the surface was 2—3 seconds. Immediately it was clear of the
water the Osprey shook itself vigorously, giving several more shakes
when it was up in the air: very reminiscent of a dog and most interesting
to watch. This bird seemed to be able to dive with impunity in very
few feet of water”.

It was most noticeable how the small waders completely disregard-
ed Ospreys. Occasionally one of the latter would rest at water’s edge on
the bare sand, and Ringed Plover, and such like, would scuttle about
unconcernedly within a yard or so of it. Again, when an Osprey sailed
low overhead, they would pay no attention whatsoever. From time to
time older birds with very white heads would be seen. The normal dis-
tribution seemed to be a pair to every two or three miles of coast. I
never saw more than two in the air at any one time.

7. Arabian Kite {M.migrans arabicus)

Ubiquitous over the town and harbour, but never noticed away
from human habitations. I had eye-witnessed accounts of this species
swooping down on the shallow water of the harbour and seizing small
fish; but I never saw this myself.

8. European (?) Kestrel {F .t.tinnunculus). (Probably Falco rupicoloides
fieldi).

Seen on ten occasions and always in the same locality from Decem-
ber onwards. The female was usually the bird noted; but a browner and
sm^aller male was twice seen in the air at the same time. The female
was a very rich tawny-red, copiously spotted with blackish on the wing-
coverts and underparts; the thighs were rufous and there seemed to be
a single black bar across the tail. I never succeeded in confirming the
colour of the claws. A large sized Kestrel, which “ worked ” the sand
dunes assiduously. No kill was observed.

9. Siberian Ringed Plover (C.h.tundrae).

Very common, either singly or in small flocks. At high tide re-
tired to the sand dunes, where it rested in parties of 20 or 25. Seen every
day on the shore, from October 11 until the end of March.

10. Lesser Ringed Plover (C.d.curonicus).

A pair seen on January 14 and on February 4, and single birds on
January 27 and 29. The white collar very pronounced, but the black
ring on the front of the neck somewhat inconspicuous, and the head and
neck markings in general less bold. Upper parts browner than in better-
known bird. The legs were lemon rather than orange-yellow; but the only
sure field identifications seem to be the smaller length and bulk when
seen side by side with the larger species, and above all, the total lack of

December 1952. Lynne-Allen, Field Notes on the birds of Modayishu 59

a white wing-bar which is to be noted in fiiglit. When flushed, uttered
a single note, thinner and quieter than that of the commoner bird.

11. White-Fronted Sand-Plover (C.m.tenellus).

Seen pi'actically every day on the shore or on the dunes when the
tide was high. Very confiding. Its little sideways runs were a notice-
able characteristic. Some birds were paired in late March.

12. Crab-Plover (D. ardeola).

Seen twice in late October and twice in November, but not again
during the season. Six were seen together on October 27. An old bird
and a juvenile were observed in company on November 4 and November
22. The young bird had the crown and upper parts grey-brown, and not
black, and the legs a very dark grey. The first adult seen (October 24) flew
low over the crests of the waves like a petrel.

13. Grey Plover (S.s.squatarola).

Two or three observed on October 26 with breasts still dark. (The
Grey Plover is one of the last of the waders to moult its summer plum-
age. Ed.) Thence onwards seen regularly throughout the winter in num-
bers; still in residence at the end of March, when breasts were again
darkening. In a rising tide Grey Plover would sometimes stay on the reef
until the water reached their bellies. Never seen more than 30-40 yards
inland.

14. Great Sand-Plover (C.leschenaulti).

First seen on November 4, and from then on practically every day
until the end of March. In the field can only be distinguished from the
next two species by its larger size, longer legs, and longer and thicker
bill. Always appeared in very small parties, from one to three. On
November 19 I watched one attack a small crab, pursuing it backwards
and forwards for some time. The crab showed some fight, but was never
allowed to reach the safety of its burrow. Finally it was worn down,
dismembered and eaten. At Brava on January 25, I saw a Sand-Plover
with one leg completely missing, it was plump and very active. In the
last week in March, two individuals were seen with the nape and chest-
band becoming very chestnut. Sand-Plovers were frequently somewhat
truculent towards the other small waders.

15. Caspian Plover (C.a.asiaticus).

West Mongolian Sand-Dotterel (C.m.atrifrons).

I place these two species together as I found they were difficult
to identify in the field. Consequently I was never certain which I was
watching. On December 9 what proved to be a Sand-Dotterel was acci-
dentally shot by a stray pellet, aimed at a Grey Plover, flying low. (The
bill was about 16 mm. there were ill-pronounced traces of a brown chest-
band and the upper tail-coverts were edged with white). One or other
of the two species was seen continuously from early November to late
March. At high tide these birds resorted to the dunes, together with
Ringed, White-Fronted, Kentish and Kittlitz Plovers.

16. Kittlitz Sand-Plover (C.p.pecuarius).

As a resident species, was seen throughout the season, and could
be noted in parties up to 15—20 on any day on which its favoured haunts

60 Lynne-Allen, Field] Notes on the birds of Mogadishu Vol. xx

were visited. This is a bird of the maritime sand-dunes, and not of the
shore: out of several dozen appearances, I have only three records of
seeing one on the beach itself. Two were first noticed as being
definitely paired on March 14, and on March 27 the nest was found
The female had then been sitting for several days. The nest was cun-
ningly sited on top of a sand-bank, and surrounded by stones and loose
rubbish. These not only helped to hide the sitting bird, but also consti-
tuted a site where Somali sheep were unlikely to trample the eggs.
There were two, very large for the owner and highly pyriform.
They were densely obscured with dark yellowish-green markings and
a few black lines. The female was amazingly deft and quick in covering
her eggs with sand on my approach.

17. Kentish Plover (C.alexandrinus subsp.)

Probably seen in October, but passed unrecognised. Noted regularly
in all months from early November to late March; generally only a pair
or so seen in any one day. At first I found these Kentish Plover some-
what hard to pick out from Caspian Plover or Sand-Dotterels. I think
the best field identifications are the blackish legs (the two other species
named have greyish legs), 'and the dark lines (“collar ends”) on each side
of the chest. In autumn and spring the crown was noticeably rufous —
as usual accentuated when viewed in a strong light. These Somalia
Kentish Plover may have been European migrants or of the local Indian
Ocean race.

18. Eastern Golden Plover (C.d.fulvus).

Three identified during winter, one of which was shot. I saw a
single bird in the same area on December 28, 30 and 31. This was on the
shore itself. In the field it resembled a slightly smaller Grey Plover,
except for the complete lack of white on the rump and the suffusion
of light brown on the chest and upper breast. My own experience, with
all three birds, was that even with glasses the gold spangling was invisible
from 40 yards. On March 2 a pair were seen on the sand-dunes within
100 yards of the sea: I flushed them several times (I was without a gun)|
and on one occasion they settled at the very edge of the water. M.E.W.
North obtained what was probably one of these birds when he shot a
Golden Plover in the same area the following morning, March 3. This
was definitely of the Eastern race, with dark axillaries and in very hand-
some spring plumage, the gold spangling very 'bright. The call on being
risen is disyllabic TER-WEET. In the field I would give the following
five distinctions from the Grey Plover : —

(a) Slightly smaller size.

(b) Wings more cut-back.

(c) W”hole upper surface dark — the lack of any white on the
lower back is very noticeable on the wing.

(d) Fore under-parts suffused greyish-brown rather than whitish.

(e) In general colouration, the bird appears medium to dark
brown rather than grey-brown.

December 1952. Lynne-Allen, Field Notes on the birds of Modagishu 61

19. Crowned Lapwing (S.coronatus).

A small party seen at the African Cemetery on the out-skirts of
the town on February 25. They were presumably residents there.

20. Eastern Curlew (N. a. lineatus).

First seen on October 20, thence regularly throughout the winter.
Specimens shot on November 13 and March 24: in both cases the bill
was 162 mm. and the axillaries unbarred white. In living birds which
were observed the length of the bill seemed to vary a great deal. On
January 28 and 30 and February 7 a solitary Curlew, apparently of appre-
ciably smaller size, was noted. (Possibly N .a.suschkini?) At high tide
Curlew stayed on the sea-front or else flew inland on to the sand-dunes.
Flights of up to 25 were sometimes seen. The call seemed indistinguish-
able from the European race. In a falling tide their long legs enabled
them to share with the Reef Herons the opportunity of entering the
smooth water above a submerged reef, some time before the other waders.
Generally wary, as is the custom with Curlew, but could be approached
from behind sand-dunes to within close range. Still present in the last
week in March.

21. Whimhrel (N .p.phacopus).

Seen throughout from mid-October until the end of March. Lower
mandible pinkish on basal half, as with Curlew. High “tittering” call.
Never observed away from the shore. One was seen disinterring a crab
of about 3" across from a mound of wet sea weed, and carrying it off in
its bill when disturbed. A common species, seen on most days.

22. Common Sandpiper (A.hypoleucos).

Very common. Seen practically every day throughout the season;
but never more than a fev/ yards from the edge of the sea. Occurred
singly, in twos, or threes : was most partial to the coral cliffs. Constantly
on the move (even at high tide), and very confiding. One was seen
catching small crabs.

23. Curlew-Sandpiper (C.testacea).

The first (four) were seen on October 28: from then on it appeared
regularly in good numbers. Still resident at the end of March. On March
10 M.E.W.North noted one already with a lot of red on its neck. Very
restless little birds at all times.

24. Terek Sandpiper (T.cinerea).

The first (a lone bird) seen on November 1 : another one observed
on November 3 : and two (possibly the same pair) on November 13, 25,
and December 9. No others were noted until February 24, when two or
three were seen. Finally, a singleton observed on March 10. The brown
bill, very long and slightly recurved, and the bright-coloured legs, make
this Sandpiper very conspicuous amongst other waders. The legs are
a deep orange-yellow; but in certain lights appear to be red. This is an
extremely active species, tirelessly working the shallow pools (and cov-
ering a lot of ground in doing so), seemingly with never a pause for rest
or for taking stock of its surroundings.

62

Lynne-Allen, Field, Notes on the birds of Mogadishu Vol. xx

25. Turnstone (A.i.interpres).

First seen on October 25. The following day about a dozen were
noted, at least one with pronounced chestnut streaking on the back,
and still with the full black chest band of summer. Most had only a
straggling black bar across the chest. In flight the black and white
streaks on the back are invariably conspicuous. A very confiding variety,
which was never seen away from rocks or water’s edge. When scrabbling
in piled-up sea-weed, presumably for sandhoppers, these birds are most
amusing to watch, tossing over lumps of weed with a sideways motion
of the head, for all the world like hay-makers. This species appeared
regularly throughout the season in some strength.

26. Greenshank {T.nebularia).

Two or three seen on October 27 and odd ones observed until mid-
November. No others were noted on the coast until January 30, when
they were seen in larger numbers; they were still numerous at the end
of March. (N.B. During November and December the seasonal swamps
from the Webi Shebelli, some 20 miles inland, where there were a lot of
Greenshanks, were at their best).

27. Bar-tailed Godwit (L.l.lapponica).

A single bird seen on October 23, and from then on Godwits were
seen regularly throughout the season. In their most favoured haunt, the
reef at Warego, six to twelve were usually observed during a visit there.
Seemingly a voracious feeder, “shovelling” continuously is shallow sand-
pools with the slightly uptilted beak. At such times they became very
engrossed and paid little attention to a human approach in the open. Two
were shot on October 27, and as this bird appears to be regarded as un-
common on the coast of Kenya, a feather-description is attached as an
Appendix. Godwits were carefully scrutinised for the presence of any
Black-tailed; but only Bar-tailed were seen.

28. Oyster-Catcher {H.o.ostralegus).

Appeared quite indistinguishable in the field from Oyster-Catchers
in Great Britain. A pair seen on October 27 and also on November 1 ;
thereafter one only was seen regularly in the same locality throughout
the winter.

29. Sanderling (C.alba).

Present in large numbers. First seen (four) on October 26: still
in residence in last week in March. On October 31, a few still retained
patches of warm chestnut on the head and neck. From early February
onwards, many tended to pack in “trips” of two hundred or so. This
species tirelessly active when feeding at water’s edge, and very tame.

30. Little Stint (C.minutaJ.

Only two identified throughout the winter. One on November
12 and one on November 26. This is an even smaller wader than the
White-Fronted Sand Plover. The very tiny size and the dark brown
back with the feathers shafted with black, form field-characteristics which
materially help in picking out this minute wader. Both birds which

December 1952. Lynne-Allen, Field Notes on the birds of Modagishu G3

were seen were very tame, and fed unconcernedly within a few yards of
me.

31. Jubaland Courser (C.c.littoralis).

A single bird seen (and shot for M.E.W. North) on February 7. Two
other singletons seen on March 2 and March 24. On March 21 a pair
were observed. All these appeared on the sand dunes adjoining the shore.

32. Sooty (or Hemprick’s) Gull (Ldemprichii).

Seen every day in mid-October, but only once in November, (the
25th) and not again until February 24 when a single bird was observed,
mixed up with a flock of Red Sea Svrift Terns. Another singleton was
seen on March 31. During a night’s stay at Brava, several dozen were
in evidence. This was in late January.

33. Lesser Black-Backed Gull (L.f.fuscus).

Only two seen during the season. Both solitary. The first was
on November 26 and appeared to be entering its third winter. The crown,
upper parts and chest were streaked Avith brownish, but the lower under
parts were pure white. Primaries tipped with black or dark brown,
v/ithout “mirrors”. The eye v.^as dark brown and so was the bill. Legs
were fleshy. A second gull was seen at Brava on January 26. Although
not fully mature, this was an older bird with the upper parts appreciably
darker, but again no “mirrors” were visible on the outer primaries. It
may well have been approaching its fourth year.

34. Red-Sea Swift Tern (S.b.veloxJ.

Several dozen of these very large terns were first seen at Brava
on January 25 and 26. Subsequently I saw about two dozen on the reef
at Warego (outside Mogadishu) on some six occasions between the end
of January and March 24. When not feeding they tended to pack at
water’s edge, and would allow approach to within 50 or 60 yards.

35. Grey-Headed Kingfisher (H.l.leucocephala).

Presumed to be of the typical race. Seen on one or two occasions
in the town itself, generally at, or near the bathing-pool in Government
House garden. Appeared perfectly at ease in its urban surroundings.

36. Somalia Thekla Lark (G.t.ellioti).

I am postulating these birds as belonging to the above species on
the grounds that their accepted range seems more likely to include the
Somalia coast-line than does that of the Somali Crested Lark (G.cristata
the former, making identification based on appearance alone practically
somaliensis). On the other hand, the only field distinction between the
two species seems to be a general more pinkish tone in the plumage of
the former, making identification based on appearance alone practically
impossible. The birds seen were certainly somewhat of a warm shade,
and the balance seems to tend towards their being Thekla Larks. In the
strong light their legs appeared of a very bright flesh-orange colour. A
pair were seen five times in the same locality: first noted on December 11,
and last seen on February 19,

64 Lynne- Allen, Field:i Notes on the birds of Mogadishu Vol. xx

37. ? ? Lark.

A small party of unidentified larks of a non-crested variety were
seen on February 5, 19, and March 12. In the field presented a most
neutral appearance, with an entire lack of outstanding characteristics.
About the same size as the last mentioned. Appeared to resemble des-
criptions of the Masai Fawn-Coloured Lark (M.a.intercedens).

38. East African Sparrow-Lark (E.l.madaraszi).

Seen in small parties on the sand dunes about ten times between
December 5 and March 21. Extremely tame little birds, which could
be approached to within 10 yards. Weak, “bouncing” flight.

39. Chestnut-Headed Sparrow-Lark {E.signata).

Seen once only — a little group of two or three on November 14.
Two males with dark chestnut crowns were noted; but white coronal
patch was not observed. These confiding little birds were found squatting
in a sand-hollow, within a few yards of a bathing-hut on the “Lido”.

40. White Wagtail {M.alba — race unknown).

Seen on eight or nine occasions between November and mid-
February. All these occurrences were in the town itself. Only one was
seen in the vicinity of water.

41. Yellow Wagtail (B.v.lutens).

Seen on eight occasions between January 18 and March 12. Gene-
rally observed in threes or fours briskly pattering round a flock of Somali
sheep and goats and feeding on insects. It was most noticeable how
close they stayed to the grazing animals, and how completely the latter
ignored them, even when the wagtails were within a few inches of their
eyes.

42. Pipit (??)'.

A very small pipit of about 4J inches in length which I failed to
identify. Generally seen in a party of four or so, though on March 21
(the last time met with) two seemed to be definitely paired. These tiny
pipits were met on a dozen occasions from December 5 onwards. The
head and all the upper parts bore heavy streaks (or lines of spots) of
black on a background of medium-brown. The throat was similarly
striped, but the chin may have been paler unmarked. The fore under
parts were likewise streaked, these markings continuing well down on
to the breast; but the belly v/as uniform paler brown. There was a whit-
ish eye-brow, or eye-streak; a slightly darker uniform patch on the middle
of the back; and no white visible on the tail. The primaries appeared
to be a lighter brown. Bill horn-brown: legs fleshy. The flight was
low and very undulating. Although these little birds were fairly tame,
their netural colouring, and tiny size, and (particularly) their restless and
active behaviour on the ground, made them a difficult study for accurate
scrutiny. Always found on the maritime sand-dunes in very low grass.

43. Isabelline Wheatear (O.isabellina).

Very common on every stretch of sand-dunes on the coast and in-
land. Seen from late October up till the end of March.

December 1952. Lynne-Allen, Field Notes on the birds of Modagishu G5

44. Pied Wheatear (O.l.leucomela).

First noted on November 6 and last bird seen on March 25. In
Mogadishu this species seemed to become almost completely urbanised,
being far more ofcen seen right inside the town than just outside it.
Owing to these specialised surroundings, was constantly observed using
telegraph wires, high walls and other un-wheatear-like vantage points.
Out of some two dozen recorded appearances, only three were females.

45. Desert Wheatear (O.deserti — race unknown)

What appeared to be the same male seen about a dozen times,
always in the same area between early December and mid-February
(last seen February 19). The large amount of jet-black on the fore parts
made this bird very conspicuous amongst the numerous Isabelline Wheat-
ears. Invariably seen on the maritime sand-dunes. I believed that I
saw a female on January 27; but it was a most doubtful identification.

4G. Fiscal Shrike (Probably the Teita Fiscal L.dorsalis).

Seen nearly every day in urban surrounding, perching on telegraph
wires, buildings, etc. in and around Mogadishu. A very obvious nest on
the rafters of a verandah surrounding an occupied guard room was half-
built on January 27.

47. Dwarf Raven (C.corax edithac).

A pair seen regularly near the shore from the end of January on-
wards. On March 14 they were carrying small sticks to a nesting site on
an overhung ledge on the coral cliffs, about forty feet above the beach.
On March 17 both birds w^ere carrying small six-inch twigs for the inner
frame-work : on March 18 long grasses were being conveyed. By March 21 a
sheep’s wool lining had been added: but the cup of the nest had not been
fashioned to shape. On March 25 the female (?) was seen moulding the
inside to a cup. On the last visit on March 30 tragedy had occurred
and the nest was turned inside-out and pendulous, with the remains of
two or three broken eggs on the beach below. Agency unknown.

48. Pied Crow (C.alhus).

Seen almost daily near the town rubbish dumps in the sand hills
and around military camps, etc. They swept low over the dunes in true
crow-fashion, and would attempt to drive off the European Kestrel if
the latter bird came too near.

N.B. — A few species, such as swallows, found entirely in the town, have
been omitted. This includes finches, which were glimpsed only, and
ox-peckers.

APPENDIX.

Plumage state of Bar-tailed Godwits shot on October 27.

The feathers of the crown, dark brown edged with grey: lores,
whitish grey. A narrow and ill-pronounced v.Tiite stripe above the eye.
Sides of face and the upper neck, grey with narrow medium-brown shafts :
neck, greyish-brown. Mantle, back and scapulars, medium-brown with
narrow darker brown shaft-stripes, and light buffy spots on both edges

66

VOL. XX

Hook, The Lammergeier in Eastern Africa.

of the feathers. Rump, white, a few feathers having sub-terminal “spear-
head” sepia markings; upper tail-coverts white, with large sepia spots.
Tail evenly barred white and sepia, about eight sepia bands. Primaries
with outer webs black, inner ones medium-brown. The lower half of
these inner webs were white, irregularly freckled with light grey-brown.
Quills, white. Secondaries greyish-brown, edged and tipped with white:
tertaries, as for back. Lesser and median wing-coverts, light brownish-
grey, with darker shaft-stripes and irregular whitish edgings. Primary
coverts, dull black, inner ones tipped with white. Axillaries, white barred
with sepia. Chin, white. Chest, light gTey-brown, other underparts whit-
ish, faintly washed with dirty brown. Under tail coverts, white barred
with sepia. Sides, as for chest. Bill, slightly recurved, had the terminal
two-thirds pale rosy-pink (fading duller after death), outer third black.
Iris, black. Legs and feet, very dark greemsh-black. Length about 17|
inches: Length of bill, 5 inches. The smaller bird, presumably a first
year juvenile, was largely similar; but the axillaries were pure white
and the back a darker grey and less grey-brown. Length 15 inches:
length of bill 4 inches.

THE LAMMERGEIER IN EASTERN AFRICA.

By Raymond Hook.

Not the least interesting of East African birds is the Lammergeier
or Bearded Vulture, Gypaetus harhatus. Its original distribution in the
old world covered all the great mountain chains, from the Spanish Sierras,
the Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus to the Himalayas and asso-
ciated ranges; and from Abyssinia along the back-bone of Africa to the
Drakenbergs. From this area, it has been exterminated in the Alps and
probably in the Drakenbergs.

One of the largest of carnivorous birds, it has a wing spread of
nine feet, and is of a dull blackish-brown above, and a huffish salmon
below, and has a “beard” of stiff feathers beneath its beak. It is one
of the few birds which show the “ whites ” of its eyes, in this case a
brilliant crimson. It is an extraordinarily powerful and graceful flier,
more or less the equal of the peregrine, which it much resembles on the
wing, in spite of the great difference in size, though it has not the pere-
grine’s mastery of extreme speed. Its long and diamond shaped tail
distinguishes it from all similar birds, with the exception (ff the Egyptian
vulture, which is much smaller and differently coloured. The hrst plum-
age, in which it leaves the nest, is a dull black all over. It is not known
how long it takes to attain the adult plumage.

Their food appears to consist mainly of bones, judging by the dung
which may be seen in the nest and its neighbourhood, which resernbles
that of a hyaena. It breaks them into sizeable pieces by droppmg them
from a height on to a flat rock, hence its old name, used m the Bible,
of ossifrage. It is said to have killed a Greek philosopher by dropping
a tortoise on him in this manner. The tongue is specialized and long,
and is believed to be used to lick out marrow bones and possibly brains,
a source of good food which is usually neglected by other scavengers
They appear to be able to utilize a carcase which has already been dealt
with by vultures, to be “the last at the feast” like the hyaena. But in
Abyssinia and the Himalayas they are known to gather round slaughter
houses for any refuse which may be thrown out.

m:

}

'f’

‘t

1.-I

•v

Eupithecia psiadiata. Slightly enlarged.

luvTO..

December 1952. Verdcourt, The Occurrence of a Species of Caddis 67
Fly in Tropical Africa.

The Aryan Indians had a superstition that anyone on whom the
Lammergeier’s shadow fell would become a king, and certain obscure
references to eagles and kings in the Iliad have been thought to mean
that this idea was a part of the original Aryan heritage. The third of
the Great Moguls of India, Himiayun, had a name compounded of “Himia”,
the Larnmergeier, and the meaning of the name is “ fortunate ”, “ august ”.

In East Africa Larnmergeiers are numerous in certain parts of the
Abyssinian highlands. In Kenya, they have been reported from near
Lake Rudolf, and are probably present on Mounts Nyiro and Kulal, and
possibly in the Mathew’s chain. They are frequently to be seen on Mount
Kenya, less often on the Aberdares. An egg, now in the Coryndon
Museum, was taken near Nanyuki some years ago; but it is not known
if the birds are still breeding in that vicinity. The number of people who
can identify the Larnmergeier is singularly limited and no one of them
has visited the site recently. A pair is resident southward from Lake
Naivasha, and it is perhaps these birds which have occasionally been
seen in Nairobi; but other birds are reported from the Chyulu Hills and
that neighbourhood. They appear to exist in fair numbers on Mounts
Kilimanjaro and Meru, and in the “ Winter Hochland ”, northward from
Ngorogoro Crater.

It appears to be a perfectly harmless bird, and exists in such inac-
cessible places that it seldom comes in contact with man. The only
danger to it appears to be poison, to which it is very susceptible, as poison
remains inactive for a long time in any carcase, including the bones.
Large portions of the areas inhabited by Larnmergeiers are now National
Parks, and it is to be hoped that the bird will there long continue to
enjoy a peaceful existence.

THE OCCURRENCE OF A SPECIES OF CADDIS FLY,
HELICOPSYCHE BREMI (TRICHOPTERA SERICOSTOMATIDAE),

IN TROPICAL AFRICA.

By Bernard Verdcourt.

The genus Helicopsyche, first described by Bremi in 1848, is known
from Southern Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and North and South
America; but in spite of this wide distribution, it does not appear to
have been recorded from Africa. The genus is a remarkable one for the
fact that the larvae build cases which bear an astoundingly close resem-
blance to gastropod shells. These cases even have crevices which corres-
pond to the umbilicus of a snail’s shell. So close indeed is the similarity,
that some of the cases were originally described as molluscs.

The species under consideration, which was very kindly identi-
fied as Helicopsyche sp. by Mr. D. E. Kimmins, of the British Museum
(Natural History), was discovered in small numbers on the undersides
of partially submerged rocks by the writer on the 25th of June, 1950,
whilst searching for fresh water snails. The locality is the swift Kwam-
kuyu River, just above the point v/here it joins the River Ngurue and
the River Sigi, close to Sigi at the foot of the Eastern Usambaras, Tangan-
yika Territory ( 1,500 ft. ). The initial finding of these small creatures
caused some excitement since at a preliminary glance they closely re-
sembled species of Valvata Mull., a genus of snails vHiich has only been
reported from Lake Chad, Somaliland, and Abyssinia so far as the
Ethiopian region of the African continent is concerned. An examination

68 Townsend, Four New Kenya Moths. Vol. xx

under a lens, however, showed that the shells were made of small grains
of sand cemented together, and that the contained animals were arth-
ropods. The shells were firmly attached to the rocks and occurred to-
gether with the snail Cleopatra ferruginea Lea, which is the only species
the writer has been able to find in the streams of the Amani district.
A figure is given of one of the largest specimens. Material has been
retained by the British Museum (Natural History), and the rest will be
deposited in the Coryndon Museum.

N.B. — Since writing the above a reference has been found to the occur-
rence of a species of Helicopsyche in the River Que, West Lendu.
E.v. Martens (1898, Deustch-Ost-Afrika, Band IV, abt. 1 “ Beschalte
Weichthiere ”, page 173) mentions Stuhlmann finding them there
on the 22nd of September, 1891, and that the cases were 4 mm.
broad and 2 mm. high.

West Lendu presumably refers to the Belgian Congo just
West of Albert Nyanza.

FOUR NEW KENYA MOTHS.

By A. L. H. Townsend.

1. HEMITHEINAE.

PRASINOCYMA NEREIS, sp. nov.

Frons, in a living specimen, bright crimson, with wide white lower
° edge. (This crimson colour becomes quickly dulled after death). Some
white scales between bases of antennae. Palpi above slightly
browner red than frons, white below. Forelegs brownish red in
front, the hairs on tibia! process yellowish. Second pair of legs
paler: third pair white, with a short white hair-brush. Shaft of
antennae whitish above, extreme tip pinkish, pectinations yellowish
buff. Thorax and abdomen above concolorous with wings, white
below.

Wings pale, slightly bluish green; very thinly scaled. Costa of
forewing narrowly edged with yellowish-buff. All wings closely
strigulated with silvery-white; strigulae larger and more definite
between anal vein and inner margin of forewing, but forming no
definite marginal spot. A small and inconspicuous cell-spot of green
scales in the forewing, and a similar spot — not always present —
in hindwing. Inner half of cilia concolorous with wings; tips silvery-
white.

Underside silvery-white; a slightly greener tinge along costa
of forewing, below the buff edging.

^ Similar.

Length of forewing, both sexes, from base to apex, from 16 to 18 mm.
Holotype and allotype ^in my collection; paratype in British
Museum. °

Locality: Nakuru< Kenya. Larva on Acacia spp.

2. PRASINOCYMA ANADYOMENE sp. nov.

^ Frons bright, almost emerald green; a narrow v/hite line at vertex.
° Palpi cinnamon red above, white below. Forelegs deep cinnamon
red in front; second and third pairs paler. Hind tibia with a long
brush of white hairs. Base and shaft of antennae pure white ioi
basal half, then pinkish. Pectinations bright maize-yellow.

69

December 1952. Townsend, Four New Kenya Moths.

Wings rather glaucous green, thinly scaled, with a heavy dust-
ing of brighter green around margins, especially between costa and
subcosta of forewing. Costa of forewing very narrowly edged with
maize-yellow. Rather sparse silvery-white strigulations all ever, and
a definite silvery-white spot just beyond the middle of inner margin
of forewing. A small cell-spot on all wings; black with a few greyish
scales. Cilia green at base, with silvery-white tips.

Underside very pale greenish-white, except along costa, where
rather heavily scaled with green as on upper side.

Thorax and abdomen above the same green as the margins
of the wings, with white anal tuft; below, white.

Similar, but larger; edging of costa is paler.

Length of forewing from base to apex: in ^7? , 18 to 19 mm.;
in + , 19 to 21 mm. Holotype & allotype ° in my collection:
paratype in British Museum.

Locality: Nakuru, Kenya. Larva on Olea chrysophylla.

3. LARENTIINAE.

EUPITHECIA PSIADIATA sp. nov.

Frons, vertex, palpi and bases of antennae whitish, heavily speckled
with dark brown. Legs fuscous-brown in front, Vv^ith white scaling at
joints. Abdomen above concolorous vAth fore-vAngs; thorax paler.
A narrow whitish transverse line on the first abdominal segment; a
pale dorsal line along abdomen, v/ith six small dark crests. Terminal
segment paler; in ^almost white.

Forewing very variable in colour, from the reddish-brown of
the type to alm.ost olive green. Fuscous maculae on costa, with
whitish patches beyond them, indicate the beginnings of transverse
lines. Reniform conspicuous black, very long and narrow. Basal
line black, edged wdih whitish outside, from costa to median only.
Antemedial and medial indicated only by costal maculae, and dark
spots on medial and anal veins. Post-medial consists of a series of
dark spots on veins, with faint whitish scaling beyond them. Sub-
terminal line of whitish spots in upper half of wings, rather remote from
apex, then coming closer to margin from R5 to Cl, ending in a cons-
picuous white spot near tornus, between cubital and anal veins. Ter-
minal line straight, continuous, fuscous-brown. Cilia whitish,
chequered with dark brown at veins. The inner-marginal fringe
consists of long, black, plume-tipped hairs, mixed with paler hairs.

Hindwing greyish, thinly irrorated with dark brovm, with a
very indistinct border of reddish-brown beyond postmedial. Reniform
smaller, less elongated, and less distinct than in forewing. Sub-
terminal line visible as a few whitish spots, the most conspicuous
being near anal angle. Postmedial can be faintly traced as dark
spots on veins. Between inner margin and plical fold are three
patches of dark brown scales, with Vvdiite patches between them, that
nearest to anal angle very conspicuous.

Underside, hair-brown, rather shiny. All reniforms distinct;

Townsend, Four New Kenya Moths. Vol. xx

costal maculae less so. The transverse lines — except basal — more
easily seen than on upperside.

Length of forewing, base to apex; 9 mm.

This species comes very close to somereni, Prout; but besides
slight differences in markings, it differs in the following points: —

The 7th sternite in the ^ has a narrow but deep indenta-
tion between twin lobes. In somereni this indentation is shallow
but broad, and the lobes are replaced by two unequal pro-
jections. In psiadiata the posterior edge of the genital plate is
concave; in somereni it is convex.

Holotype ^7? and allotype in my collection: paratypes

and ^ in the British Museum.

Locality: Nakuru, Kenya. Larva on Psiadia arabica.

4. BOARMIINAE.

PARACOTIS HYRAX sp. nov.

Frons dark brown, with whitish lower edge. Antennae pectinated

for three quarters of their length, shaft and pectinations creamy-
white, speckled with dark brown. Thorax above concolorous with
wings; abdomen slightly darker, with a pale transverse band behind
each segment. Ground colour of wings creamy-white, but much
irrorated and strigulated with sepia, fuscous, and hair-brown.

Forewing : Antemedial, originating in a fuscous costal mascula, is a
narrow fuscous line, faint in upper half, very distinct in lower. Nearly
straight from costa to lower median, incurved to just above anal
vein, thence very oblique to near base. Preceded by a cloudy brown
fascia. Medial very indistinct, fuscous, touching reniform, coming
very close to antemedial above anal vein, then turning almost per-
pendicular to inner margin. Post-medial narrow, fuscous, very
conspicuous. Incurved from costa to upper median, then very oblique
to above anal vein, then almost perpendicular to inner margin. (These
three lines come very close together — actually touching in some
specimens — above anal vein about half-way along the wing. From
this point the antemedial carries on the same slope as postmedial;
so that in a well-marked specimen, such as the type, it looks like a
continuation of it). Beyond postmedial to termen, a cloudy area of
sepia and hair-brown, containing first an indeterminate fascia, and
then a zigzag subterminal line, both of ground colour. A darker
oblique shading crosses these from lower median to below apex.
Terminal line black, slightly crenulate, strongly defined. All veins
beyond postmedial (and median in most cases for its whole length)
heavily scaled with black. Reniform long, black, white-centred. Cilia
ground colour at base and tips, with a dark line at centre, darker
sections at veins.

Hindwing similar, but only postmedial and terminal lines distinct.
In a few cases the cloudy fascia before antemedial is present. Reniform
less elongated than in forewing.

CM

52

31 -

Figs. 1—2, Structure of Digitaria (1) and Cynodon (2) stolons.
Diagrammatical .

Figs. 3 — 5. A stolon of Digitaria aff. milanjana. 3 — 14.11.1950

4 — 16.11.1950; 5 — 18.11.1950. (Grass nursery, Scott
Laboratories, Nairobi).

Figs. 6 — 8. A stolon of Cynodon plectostachyum. 6 — 14.11.1950;

7 — 16.1.1950; 8 — 18.11.1950. (Grass nursery, Scott

Agric. Laboratories, Nairobi).

Figs. 9 — 10. Nets of stolons of Digito,ria aff.milanjana (9) and
Cynodon dactylon (10). (Grass nursery, Scott Agric.
Laboratories, Nairobi, 1949).

December 1952. Bogdan, Stolo7iiferous Grasses in Kenya. 71

Underside creamy-white; costa of forewing irregularly strigulated
with fuscous brown. Large subcircular reniforms in all wings. A
brown macula below apex surrounds a small area of ground colour.
Postmedial indicated by dark spots on veins. Terminal line very
distinct.

Similar, but greyer; marking less distinct.

Genitalia of .Similar in general build to sahmei, Prout; but differ-
ing in the following points: —

Gnathos of even width, not broadened towards the end. Costa
of valve with only one patch of spines, and that at the middle.
Anterior end of costal margin produced to a rounded lobe, not
to a narrow point. The two cornuti are made up of spine-
clusters, as in sahmei, but of only half their length. The loose
dorsal belt of spines, connecting the cornuti in sabinei, is absent
in hyrax.

Length of forewing, base to apex: 21 mm.; 23 mm.

Holotype ^71 and allotype in my collection: paratype in

the British Museum.

Locality: Nakuru, Kenya. Larva on Schmus molle.

I wish to acknowledge gratefully the help that I have received
with regard to these species from Mr. D. S. Fletcher, of the British
Museum. The notes on genitalia are taken entirely from information
supplied by him.

Paracotis hyrax. Natural size.

Eupithecia psiadiata. Slightly enlarged.

OBSERVATIONS ON STOLONIFEROUS GRASSES IN KENYA.

By A. V. Bogdan, F.L S.

Department of Agriculture, Kenya Colony.

In Europe and probably also in other temperate regions, stoloni-
ferous grasses, i.e. grasses which produce above-ground creeping stems,
rooting from nodes, are rare. In Tropical Africa the stoloniferous type
of grass is, however, fairly common. In Kenya, out of approximate total
of 430 species of grasses, no less than 25 of them produce stolons. The
stolons of different species vary considerably in structure, shape and
length, rate of growth etc., and it is mainly the structure, i.e. the distri-
bution of leaves on the axis of stolons and phenomena connected with
this feature, which are dealt with in the present paper.

The stolons of all local stoloniferous grasses can be classified into
two well-defined types, examples of which are those of (a) Digitaria aff.
D.milanjana Stapf (Bogdan 3003) and (b) Cynodon plsctostachyum Pilger.
The stolons of the Digitaria have a structure typical of a normal grass
stem: the nodes are more or less evenly distributed on the stem, each
bearing a single leaf. The leaf bases, or, to be more exact, the bases of
the leaf sheaths, arise at some distance one from another and have well

72 Bogdan, Stoloniferous Grasses in Kenya. Vol. xx

defined internodes between them. The structure of the stolons of
Cynodon is different. The leaves are in groups of 2 to 6 (but usually 4)
and the leaf bases of each group appear to arise from a single node. These
nodes can be regarded, however, as compound nodes or as groups of nodes
with very short, undeveloped internodes between them. This supports
the view held by A. Volkart and O. Kirchner in “ Lebensgeschichte der
Blutenpflanzen Mitteleuropas, Gramineae, l,2,p.35 (1908-1912) who state;
“ bei einigen Grasern ( Cynodon, Aeluropus ) wechseln an den oberirdis-
chen Auslaufei’n regelmassigi ein gestrecktes Internodium mit 2-4 verkiirt-
zen ab, sodass die Blatter stellenweise gebiischelt erscheinen”. The writer
is unaware of any further reference in the literature to details of the
structure of grass stolons.

The structure of the two types of stolons considered here, which
will be referred to in future as “ A ” ( Digitaria ) type and “ B ” {Cynodon}
type, is shown diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 2.

The difference in distribution of leaves on the two types of stolons
is closely connected with character of the branching. Before branching
starts the axillary buds which produce side branches are hidden under
the basal parts of the leaf sheaths. As soon as a young branch starts
growing from the bud it usually depresses the leaf sheath from the stem.
In the “ A ” type of stolons ( Digitaria ), with only one leaf per isolated
node, the depression of the leaf sheath leaves the corresponding inter-
node unprotected, the basal part of the internode becomes hard and
ceases to grow. Towards the apex of a stolon there are always several
internodes growing simultaneously; the branching, therefore, begins at
some distance — which may at timies be considerable — from the apex
of the stolon where the appropriate internodes have ceased to grow. It
also naturally follows that, since only one leaf arises from an isolated
node, this type of stolon produces only one branch (or none at all) from
a node, except at an advanced stage of branching when a side branch
may produce branches in its turn.

On the whole the characteristic features of the “ A ” ( Digitaria )
type stolons can be summarised as follows: —

a) The stolons have structure typical of a normal grass stem, with
isolated single nodes each producing one leaf.

b) The stolons produce only one branch per node (or none at all).

c) An internode ceases to grow as soon as the branching from the
corresponding node begins.

d) The branching begins at some distance from the apex of a stolon.

A different process of branching has been observed in the “ B ”
(Cynodon) type of stolons. It has already been mentioned that
the stolons of this type have compound nodes each bearing 2—6
leaves. The branching begins from the axil of the lowest leaf.
The young branch depresses the leaf sheath from the stem, but the latter
is still protected by the sheaths of the upper leaves of the same compound
node. The second branch starts from the axil of the next leaf, etc. until
only two ( or sometimes one ) upper sheaths remain adpressed to the stem.
If, for example, four leaves arise from the same compound node, two of
them produce branches from axils and two upper sheaths remain adpres-
sed, protecting the corresponding internode, The basal part of the

December 1952.

BoCxDan, Stoloniferous Grosses in Kenya.

73

internode remains soft and proceeds to grow for up to several days after
the beginning of the branching. Thus the branching in “ B ” type stolons
does not depend on the longitudinal growth of internodes, and one can
expect branching to begin at any time after the appropriate node has
been fully formed. In actual fact, in Cynodon plectosLachyum, as well as
in many other species with “ B ” type stolons, branching begins at an
early stage of development of the upper internodes, and therefore, in the
growing part of the stolon, very near to the apex.

The characteristic features of the “ B ” ( Cynodon ) type stolons
may now be briefly summarised as follows: —

a) The stolons have a structure a-typical of a normal grass stem,
in that they have compound nodes each producing 2 — 6 leaves.

b) The stolons produce in general more than one branch from a
compound node.

c) An internode proceeds to grow after branching from the corres-
ponding internode has taken place.

d) Branching usually begins close to the apex of the stolon.

The actual growth of the stolons of Digitajia aff. milanjana and
Cynodon plectostachyum as observed in the grass nursery at the Scott
Agricultural Laboratories, Nairobi, is shown in Figs. 3 — 8.

The difference in structure and branching of the two types of
stolons described results in somewhat different pattern for the whole
system of stolons which arises from a single plant. It has already been
noted that in the “ A ” type of stolons each node produces only one
branch (if any). This, as a rule, becomes a vertical sterile or fertile shoot,
and only seldom does it become a side stolon. Thus the whole system
of stolons of Digitaria or of other genera producing “ A ” type stolons is
rather simple, and consists usually of scarcely branched stolons ( Fig. 9 ),
each producing a row of vertical shoots. In the “ B ” type each node of
a stolon usually produces 2-4 branches of which one or two may often
become side stolons. Thus the whole system of stolons of Cynodon and
other grasses with “B ” type stolons is as a rule more complicated, and
it consists of a net of more or less much branched stolons (Fig.lO).

The stolon type of a grass species is connected with its taxonomical
position in the Gramineae and species which belong to the same tribe
usually produce the same type of stolons. The following list shows the
occurrence of the two types of stolons in the different tribes of Kenya
grasses.

I. SPECIES WITH “ A ” ( DIGITARIA ) TYPE STOLONS.

PANICEAE.

1. Digitaria aff. milanjana Stapf. ( Bogdan 3003

2. Digitaria? macrohlephara Stapf ( Bogdan 873 and 2257 )

3. Digitaria mombasana Hubbard

4. Digitaria scalarum) Chiov. ( normally a rhizomatous grass which only
occasionally produces stolons )

5. Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ( produces both stolons and
rhizomes )

6. Brachiaria humidicola Schweickerdt

’<’4 Bogdan, Stoloniferous Grasses in Kenya. Vol. xx

ANDROPOGONEAE.

7. Bothriochloa insculpta A. Camus

SPOROBOLEAE.

8. Sporoholus helvolus Dur. & Schinz

II. SPECIES WITH “ B ” ( CYNODON ) TYPE STOLONS.
ERAGROSTEAE.

9. Diplachne caudata K. Schum.

10. Diplachne jaegeri Pilger.

11. Dactyloctenium geminatuni Hack.

12. Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss.

13. Dactyloctenium sp. ( Bogdan 866 and 3155 )

CHLORIDEAE.

14. Eustachys paspaloides Lanza & Mattel

15. Chloris amethystea Hochst.

16. Chloris aff. amethystea Hochst. ( Bogdan 1590 )^.

17. Chloris gayana Kunth

18. Chrysochlora orientalis Swallen

19. Cynodon dactylon Pers.

20. Cynodon plectostachyum Pilger.

SPOROBOLEAE.

21. Sporoholus marginatus Hochst.

22. Sporoholus spicatus Kunth

23. Sporoholus virginicus Kunth

LEPTUREAE.

24. Lepturus radicans A. Camus

25. Lepturus repens R.Br.

AVENEAE.

26. Lintonia nutans Stapf.

The above list shows that all Kenya stoloniferous species of the
Paniceae have “ A ” type stolons.^ ) On the other hand all stoloniferous
species of the Chlorideae, Sporoholeae, Leptureae, and Eragrosteae pro-
duce “ B ” type stolons. In the last group of tribes with the “ B ” type
stolons the Chlorideae occupy somewhat central position and have num-
erous stoloniferous forms. The other tribes and genera of this group
are more or less closely related to the Chlorideae, with the exception,

*) I have recently come across fresh stolons of Stenotaphrum dimidiatum
( Paniceae ) which proved to be essentially of thej “ B ” type !

^ Refers to the specimens deposited in the Herbarium of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, England.

December 1952. Bogdan, Stolojiiferous Grasses in Kenya 75

of the Aveneae, which in Kenya have only one stoloniferous species,
namely Lintonia nutans. This species in its habit, distribution and ecology
approaches, however, more the Chlorideae than the rest of the Aveneae,
and its taxonomic position requires a revision. In the group of tribes
characterised by the “ B ” type stolons, Sporoholus helvohis with its
“ A ” type stolons is an exception. The stolons of Spoi'oholus helvolus
are not, however, comparable morphologically with those of Sporoholus
mar'ginatus or Sporoholus spicatus. In these two latter species the
stolons arise as specialised structures, and grow horizontally from the
moment of their formation, while in Sporoholus helvolus the young
stolons appear as ordinary stems. Initially they grow vertically, and
only later on do they bend downwards, acquiring a creeping habit and
rooting from nodes. The writer is inclined to believe that the stolons
of Sporoholus helvolus can be regarded as a structure morphologically
independent from the truei stolons of other species of Sporoholus, a struc-
ture which was probably formed at a later date in the evolution of the
genus. Sporoholus virginicus, although it produces rhizomes and not the
above-ground stolons, is also included. Its rhizomes have a struc-
ture typical of the “ B ” type stolons in ('producing several ( usually
3 ), leaves from a node. Naturally these leaves are in the form of scales,
as it is typical of the rhizomes. The rhizomes of Sporoholus virginicus
produce, however, only one branch from a node which arises from the
axil of the lowermost scale as an extravaginal shoot. The branches
form vertical, leaf-bearing shoots, while the rhizome itself does not
branch. The rhizomes of Sporoholus virginicus can be regarded as modi-
fied “ B ” type stolons with its typical structure, which apparently lost
its adaptative character.

Although in the Paniceae the forms with true stolons are not
numerous, many species which produce creeping stems rooting from nodes
are encountered in the tribe. These creeping stems terminate, however,
in flowering heads, and they cannot be regarded as stolons. They are
more comparable with ascending or creeping stem bases which also
frequently root from the nodes. In fact, numerous transitional forms
between long creeping stems and those with only slightly ascending
bases are found. The creeping or trailing grasses of the Paniceae are par-
ticularly numerous in forests and in bush thickets, and to some extent
also on swampy ground. Several species of Panicum, Pseudechinolaena
polystachya Stapf, Sacciolepis curvata Chase, Chloachne oplismenoides
Stapf, species of Oplismenus and many others belong to the forest creep-
ing* grasses. On swampy ground the grasses with creeping stems are
represented by Paspalidium geminatum Stapf, Panicum repens L., Acro-
ceras macrum Stapf, Pennisetum dowsonii Stapf & Hubbard, Pennisetum
salifex Stapf & Hubbard, and by several others. Even on dry open
ground there are several species of the Paniceae with long creeping basal
parts of the stems. These include mainly species of TJrochloa, Melinis,
and a few others. In the Andropogoneae trailing forms are much less
numerous although some species of Andropogon and Hyparrhenia and
Eulalia geniculata Stapf produce fairly long creeping stem bases.

In the Chlorideae group of tribes the number of species producing
specialised stolons is comparatively large, much larger than that in the
Paniceae and Andropoqonea.e. On the other hand, the number of species
which produce partly or entirely creeping shoots of the structure normal
in a typical grass-shoot, is surprisingly small. Apart from already men-
tioned Sporoholus helvolus, only a few species of this kind are known

76 Bally, A Little-known Waterlily of Tanganyika Vol. xx

to the author, namely two or three species of Eragrostis and Drake-Brock-
mania somalensis Stapf, an annual with prostrate stems. Even forms, with
ascending and rooting stem bases are rare in this group of tribes. In
general the Chlorideae group of tribes is characterised by highly special-
ised stolons which differ considerably from the normal fertile shoots of
grasses. Even some annual species with creeping stem bases ( Chloris
pycnothrix Trim, Dactyloctenium aegyptium Beauv. ) repeat, in their
basal, spreading parts of the stem, the structure typical of the “ B ” type
( Cynodon ) stolons, by producing several leaves from each compound
node.

The length and rate of growth of stolons vary considerably in
different species. In the Cnlorideae and in the allied tribes, two types of
stoloniferous grasses, characterised by the rate of gi'owth of the stolons,
have been observed. To one type belong species with rapidly growing
stolons which form extensive, though rather thin, nets and in a compara-
tively short time produce large, open colonies. Being open, these colonies
allow the growth of other plants in the areas occupied by the colonies.
The actual competition between the species starts only later, when, after
having covered a considerable area with a thin net of stolons, the stoloni-
ferous grass begins to form a dense sward. As examples of this type of
stoloniferous grass, Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon plectostachyum, Diplachne
jaegeri, and Chloris gayana can be named. The second type is character-
ised by the comparatively slow growth of stolons. Species which belong
to this type produce slowly spreading, but dense, nets of stolons, and
form dense colonies from the very beginning of their growth. Grasses
of this group occupy an area slowly, step by step, but once in occupation
they retain it firmly. Amongst the grasses of this type are Chloris ame-
thystea, Eustachys paspaloides, and Sporobolus marginatus.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

The author is much indebted to Mr. C. E. Hubbard, Principal Re-
search Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for very valuable advice
on taxonomy of the grasses dealt with in the present paper.

Nairobi,

November, 1951.

A LITTLE -KNOWN WATERLILY FROM TANGANYIKA.

By P. R. O. Bally.

Botanist, Coryndon Museum.

In Unyamwesi and Ussukuma, in Western Tanganyika, grows
one of the loveliest and least know of all waterlilies: Nyviphaea stuhl-
manni ( Schwfth. ) Gilg.

At the end of August, 1942, the writer had the good fortune to see
it for the first time, from a railway carriage ,travelling from Tabora
towards Dar-es-Salaam. Immediately beside the railway track was a little
pond, covered with large, bright yellow waterlilies. The temptation to
pull the safety cord was strong; but a sense of propriety prevailed, and a
unique opportunity was missed.

Ten years later, almost to the day, on August the 24th, 1952, the
occasion arose to visit the area again. My enquiries revealed that the
very pond that I had passed in the train was situated a few miles from

December 1952. Bally, A Little-known Waterlily of Tanganyika. 77

the place where I was staying. The drought had set in early, and most
of the natural ponds had completely dried up. On the caked mud,
however, pitted with the footprints of elephants, dried flowers and leaves
were still strewn about, and some tubers were lying exposed on the
surface. The drying-up of the pond must have taken place quickly, for
the leaves had dried green and the petals of the shrivelled flowers were
still yellow.

Waterlilies abound in most tropical African stagnant waters, pre-
dominantly bearing white, or blue to purple flowers. Some years earlier
I had collected several of those species in the extensive swamps of Mala-
garasi; but I had seen no trace of Nymphaea stuhlmanni. Yellow species
of Nymphaea are few, only two are known from Africa; and their distri-
bution is comparatively limited.

History: Nymphaea stuhlmanni was discovered by Dr. F. Stuhlmann in
June 1890, at a place described as “ gunda mkali ” near “ Bibisande ” in
Unyamwesi, at 1200 meters ( 3800-‘4000’ ) altitude. These names cannot
now be traced on our modern maps of Tanganyika.

In Engler’s “ Pflan2jenwelt Ostafrikas ”, C., 178, ^1895, it is very
shortly described as a variety of Nymphaea lotus L.( the description gives
no structural details, but refers merely to the yellow colour of various
parts of the flower ).

Eight years later, in an annotation to his description of Nymphaea
sulphurea ( in Warburg’s “ Kunene-Sambesi Expedition ”, 236, 1903 ), E.
Gilg published our plant as a separate species, based on distinctive charac-
ters such as the entire leaf margin, the long appendages of the anth-
ers, etc. In 1905, H. S. Conard’s magnificent monograph “ The Waterlilies ”
gives Engler’s short description verbatim; and the plant is figured with
a line-drawing made from Stuhlmann’s type, in Berlin.

Finally, Nymphaea stuhlmanni is described more fully in E. Gilg’s
chapter on Nymphaeaceae africanae, published in “ Engl. Bot. Jahrb. ”,
Vol.41, pp 355-356, 1908. Here the diameter of the flower is given as
10-15 cm.; the prominent veins on the underside of the leaf are mentioned;
and the author points out that on Conard’s illustration the leaf is inaccu-
rately shown with rounded lobes, while in Stuhlmann’s type they are
distinctly acute.

The plant was collected again in 1929 by a railway employee of
the Tanganyika railways; living specimens were sent to Amani and cul-
tivated at the East African Agricultural Research Institute. They did
not survive for more than a few months. Dried flowers ( but no leaves )
were obtained for the Herbarium.

In 1935, B. D. Burtt collected specimens at Shanwa, in Ussukuma.
They show well the entire margin and the acute lobes of the leaf.
Habitat : From the few places which I inspected in Unyamwesi, it would
appear that Nymphaea stuhlmanni is not found in permanent waters, but
in seasonal pools, which dry up completely during the very prolonged
dry season which prevails in the area. Thus, in a large permanent swamp
there was no trace of N .stuhlmanni, while Nymphaea lotus was present.
In the smaller pools, quite dry when visited, numerous remains ot Nym-
phaea stuhlmanni were seen. In the dried-up portion of an artificial darn,
at its lowest at the time of my visit, many half-buried tubers with dried

78 Alexander, Some Game birds of West Africa. Vol. xx

leaves and flowers were found in the cracked mud; while in its deepest
part, where the water is permanent, there were several plants of Nymphaea
lotus, but only one living Nymphaea stuhlmanni at the very edge of the
water, with one flower fully unfolded. These observations point to the
possibility that the tuber of Nymphaea stuhlmanni needs an annual period
of rest in the dessicated mud, and the failure to retain it in cultivation
in Amani might be thus explained.

Description: From the two Herbarium sheets in the East African Herba-
rium in Nairobi (Greenway 1519 from Central Tanganyika, 1929, cult, in
Amani, and B. D. Burtt 5215, from Shanwa, 1935 ) and from fresh material
collected by the writer, it is now possible to describe Nymphaea stuhl-
manni with more detail.

Rhizome: Ovoid to spherical, sometimes irregular, erect, with projecting
leaf-scars 5 — 12 cm. long, dark, blackish-brown, densely covered with thin
grey mucilaginous hairs; roots white, cylindrical, long slender.

Leaves: about twenty, on long slender, green petioles; blade ovate. 20 cm.
long, 18 cm. broad, sinus open, lobes acute, green on both sides, young
leaves with small purple spots on the underside; midrib and veins promi-
nent underneath.

Flowers: 10 — 15 cm. diameter; Sepals: four, 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, lan-
ceolate with a rounded apex; green outside, sulphur yellow inside. Petals:
twenty-seven, up to 6.5 dm. long and 13 mm. wide, lanceolate, acute,
sulphur yellow: Anthers: one hundred and thirty three, arranged in con-
centric rings, 9 mm to 17 mm. long, with appendages 1 — 10 mm. long,
golden yellow on strap-shaped filaments. Ovary: 36 mm. diameter when
mature; Carpels: twenty three, fiat, 16 mm. high, 15 mm. wide, with a
yellow beak-like horn incumbent on the dome-shaped golden yellow axile
piocess.

Seeds : very numerous; ovoid, 1 mm. long, | mm diameter, straw-coloured,
with thin, longitudinal, hairlike lines.

Coryndon Museum,

Nairobi.

September, 1952.

BOOK REVIEW.

SOME GAME BIRDS OF WEST AFRICA. By William Alexander

Fairbairn. D.Sc., Edin.

With 9 colour plates by P. M. Sumner, pp 92 and xii. Edinburgh, Oliver
& Boyd Ltd., 12/6 net.

This is a well-produced little volume, whose object is, as the author
indicates in his preface, the recording of general information and interest-
ing facts about the mhgrant and resident game birds of West Africa.

The text consists of brief accounts of 18 Ducks and Geese; 8 Franco-
lins- 5 Bustards; 4 Guinea-fowl; and 12 smaller birds including Stone-
partridge, Quail, Snipe, Quail-plover, Button-quail, and Fruit-pigeons. The
matters covered for each are geographical distribution, local habitat, held
appearance, voice and nesting. No measurements are given, and the pic-
tures serve instead of descriptions, as in Roberts’ work on South African

birds.

79

December 1952. Alexander, Some Game birds of West Africa.

The plates of the Ducks and Geese are the most successful, and
should in practice be helpful to sportsman and bird observer alike; but
some of the others would hardly suffice for identification in the field. Since
more than half of the species dealt with are represented by local races
in Eastern Africa, bird-lovers on this side of the continent will doubtless
wish to have this book on their shelves, particularly as the general infor-
mation in each case, whether original or compiled, appears to be a useful
summary of present knowledge.

We have a few criticisms to make. Space might well have been
saved, and room made for the inclusion of rarer species and their figuring,
had the breeding habits of Palaearctic migrants, which could not be of use
in the local field, and are accessible in standard works, been omitted; and
also if only one form of each species had been dealt with. As it is, we
find three separate articles on as many geographical races of the Double-
Spurred Francolin, with a coloured plate of each. On the other hand,
we are told that the form adamauae of this species closely resembles
Ogilvie-Grant’s Francolin; but there is no further mention of the latter.

The beginner would have been helped by greater clarity in the use
of ornithological terms. It is, for instance, stated that “ There is a variety

of species of the Stone-Partridge the above species however, ( Ptil-

opachus p.petrosus ) ranges from Senegal to Northern Nigeria and the

River Shari ”. One would hardly conclude from this that the fact is
there is only one species of Stone-Partridge, with a number of geogra-
phical races. Again, the writer says of the Quail-plover “ This species can
scarcely be called a game bird, but being closely related to the genus
Turnix, which includes the quails, it is not without interest ”. The orni-
thologist can see what is meant; but it would have been better to have
expressed it correctly.

Finally, we notice that the distribution of a given species as a whole
is not always precisely stated; nor is sufficient use made of knowledge
concerning races in other parts of Africa which are represented by cons-
pecific forms in West Africa. Not always indeed, but usually the various
races of a widespread species have a strong similarity in habits.

C.F.B.

Printed in Kenya by W. Boyd & Co (Printers) Ltd.

%

*4

JA a