a a hays Ene if 7 aoe eye, Pic” eS eat aes “a NES Ds ae Pets a. ew Sales Ee leg PERN? Steet: ite: VV Oe ober var tLe GUL Se eioer e ROAR THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Patrons — His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Stephen, A.K., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., K.B.E., K.St.J., Governor-General of Australia. His Excellency Air Marshal Sir James Rowland, K.B.E., D.F.C., A.F.C., Governor of New South Wales. President — Dr R.S. Bhathal Vice- Presidents — Dr R. S. Vagg, Professor T. W. Cole, Mr W. H. Robertson, Professor R. L. Stanton, Professor B. A. Warren Hon. Secretaries — Mr D.S. King Mrs M. Krysko Hon. Treasurer — Dr A. A. Day Hon. Librarian — Dr F. L. Sutherland Councillors — Professor P. J. Derrick, Mr H. S. Hancock, Associate Professor J. H. Loxton, Professor R. M. MacLeod, Mr R. H. Read, Mr M.A. Stubbs-Race, Dr W. J. Vagg, Associate Professor D. E. Winch New England Representative — Professor S. C. 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Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. 117, pp. 85-97, 198 ISSN 0035-9173/84/020085 — 13 $4.00/ I Interpretation of Macroscopic Fold Structures in the Willyama Supergroup of the Thackaringa Area, Broken Hill, N.S.W. I. L. WILLIS ABSTRACT. The present complex distribution of lithological and stratigraphic units in the Thackaringa area is due mainly to the formation of macroscopic interference structures during multiple deformation. identical D Three main generations of superimposed macroscopic folds are recognized in the area: F Ee oie Wht axialy plane ScChistosveres 75,4, 554-0 b, and D> structures recognized by others elsewhere in the Broken Hill Block, These correspond with indicating that? there are no substantial differences in structural evolution between the south- west, and the north and central, Broken Hill Block. A fourth generation (Fy ) macroscopic fold may represent a localized structural event in the study area. The lobate and dome-and-basin macroscopic interference pattern in the south Thackaringa district is interpreted to have formed mainly by interaction of F,/F, and F,/F folds. This open interference pattern, with easterly-trending F, fold axial plane traces, is unusual within the Broken Hill Block. It is speculated that these easterly trends may have been to some extent controlled or influenced by the adjacent Thackaringa-Pinnacles Schist Zone. INTRODUCT ION In recent detailed- structural studies in the Broken Hill region, the general framework of deformation generations, and the distribution of many major fold structures, have been largely established for some parts of the Broken Hill Block (e.g. Hobbs 1966, Williams 1967, Rutland and Etheridge 1975, Archibald 1978, Marjoribanks et al 1980). The majority of these studies were detailed structural analyses, concentrated in the northern and central areas of the Broken Hill Block, especially in the vicinity of the Broken Hill mines, where structural elements are particularly well developed in the dominantly pelitic metasediments of the middle and upper sections of the Broken Hill sequence (the Broken Hill and Sundown Groups of Willis et al 1983). In the most recent of these studies, three generations of major folds have been recognized (F,, F,, F, - see Table 1), with F, and F. folds having had the major impact as regional-sCale structures (e.g. Majoribanks et al 1980). Throughout most of the Broken Hill Block, the dominant structural grain imparted by these major folds, particularly isoclinal F, structures and major shears, is northeast-southwést. Although "arrowhead" and ''dome-and-basin" type Macroscopic interference patterns are present, there are relatively few domains of open inter- ference structures (see Archibald 1978 for discussion). In this paper, macroscopic folds in the Thackaringa area (Fig 1) are described and interpreted, as a complementary study to the published structural descriptions. The Thackaringa area is of some significance in this context because : (1) It has excellent exposure of traceable lithological and stratigraphic units which can be used to interpret and accurately define fold form surfaces (Fig 2) (Willis 1980b, 1982a,b). (2) It has an unusually (for the Broken Hill Block) open set of complex macroscopic fold interference structures, dominated particularly by east-west, as opposed to the more typical northeast, major trends of structure and stratigraphy. (3) The area mainly comprises quartzo-feldspathic lithologies from the lower-middle sections of the Broken Hill Block stratigraphy (Thackaringa Group of Willis et al 1983), permitting comparison of structural elements with those already described in detail from the more pelitic lithologies higher in the sequence elsewhere in the Broken Hill Block. (4) The Thackaringa area provides a suitable area for comparison of structural elements and fold generations from the southwestern Broken Hill Block with those from the more intensively studied northern and central areas. In addition this paper further amplifies a different approach to interpretation of macroscopic structures in the Broken Hill Block, as employed by Archibald (1978), Stevens et al (1980), and Willis et al (1983). This approach relies more heavily on interpretation of form surfaces defined by lithological and stratigraphic markers, than on extrapolation of mesoscopic data from detailed structural analyses (see below). 86 lk. WIEEIS GENERAL GEOLOGY The Thackaringa area comprises mainly granulite facies metasediments, composite gneisses, quartzo-feldspathic gneisses, leucocratic quartzo- feldspathic rocks, and basic gneisses of the Early Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup (see Willis 1980a for full descriptions). The exposures are mainly from the middle sections of the stratigraphic sequence, principally the Thackaringa and Broken Hill Groups of Willis et al (1983), Stevens et al (19383) (Table 2). The most prominent planar structural features in the area (Fig 3) are the Mundi Mundi Fault, separating the Thackaringa area from the Mundi Mundi Plain, and the Thackaringa - Pinnacles Schist Zone (T-P SZ). The T-P SZ is an east-west zone of ductile deformation and retrograde metamorphism which truncates the general northeast -southwest structural trends of the Broken Hill Block. The history of deformation in the Thackaringa area involves the three main penetrative deform- ational events recognized in recent studies elsewhere in the Broken Hill Block (Table 1), with SCHISTOSI TLCS) 0. 5) OF Sxs and F., F_ and inferred F, folds present. R fourth non-peneétrative déformation (F,, SJ has also been recognized in the south Thackdringa district. The deformat- ions are recognized at meso- and macroscopic scale by overprinting criteria (Figs. 3,4). APPROACH OF THIS STUDY With excellent exposure of structural and stratigraphic markers, a standard detailed structural analysis was not necessary for the delineation of most of the major macroscopic folds in the Thackaringa area. Instead, the macroscopic fold form surfaces were outlined by detailed mapping of the marker units, and in some cases by recognizing fold axial plane traces on the basis of reversals of the interpreted stratigraphy (c.f. Stevens 1980, Willis et al 1983). The different generations of folds were interpreted from the overprinting relationships of small-scale structural elements in key areas. The attitudes of bedding and schistosity in hinge areas, and the vergence of minor folds and bedding/ schistosity relations, were used in some areas. This is very similar to the regional structural interpretation technique used by Archibald (1978) in the northern and central Broken Hill Block. This approach provides a suitable first-pass regional structural interpretation, which can be more rigorously tested by detailed structural analysis in key areas at a later date. In the south Thackaringa area, F. Funnell (pers. comm. 1983) is currently undertaking such an analysis of some of the structures outlined by Willis (1980a) and Stroud (in prep.). Without a detailed structural analysis, it was initially assumed that the chronology and styles of fold generations established elsewhere in the Broken Hill Block (e.g. Marjoribanks et al 1980) were also present in the Thackaringa area; this was subsequently largely validated. STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC MARKERS The area was mapped at 1:12,000 scale, outlining a wide variety of rock units that could be used as structural and stratigraphic markers (Willis 1980a, b). The most useful and distinctive of these, a thin quartzo-feldspathic leucogneiss from Cues Formation, has exceptional continuity throughout the Thackaringa area and was the major datum used in interpretation of the macrostructure in the lithologically complex Thackaringa Group rocks (see Willis 1982a for description and details of the leucogneiss). The upper boundary of the Thackaringa Group, marked by transition from sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks or quartzo-feldspathic ("granite'') gneiss, to metasediments and other rocks of the Broken Hill Group, is also a distinctive and widespread datum. The extensive and continuous bodies of amphibolite, usually with quartz+feldspar+biotitet+garnet gneiss, that occur in the Broken Hill Group, can also be traced with a high degree of confidence throughout the area, even within the T-P SZ. The Ettlewood Calc-Silicate Member also provides structural and stratigraphic control in the T-P SZ (Fig. 2). The distribution of stratigraphic units is shown in Fig. 2, and in generalized sections’ in-Fig. S. SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURES Lithological Layering Throughout the Thackaringa area, as else- where in the Broken Hill Block, the earliest recognizable s-surface is a lithological layering which is interpreted as bedding (So) (Fuga 4). Outside of the retrograde schist zones, there is no evidence of widespread transposition of So (e.g. rootless fold hinges, extreme limb attenuation, dislocation of layering parallel to schistosity). The layering is also unlikely to be of metamorphic origin, since the layers contain rare sedimentary structures, show internal compositional variation, and are continuous and in sequence as would be expected of a bedded succession. In addition, it is likely that S predates S,, as has been observed elsewhere in the Broken Hilt Block (e.g. Rutland and Etheridge 1975) although the ubiquitous parallelism of Sy and So precludes verification of their overprinting relationship in the Thackaringa area. Bedding is best preserved in the leucocratic sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks, in which it is thin (10-200mm), planar, continuous and regular. Bedding of similar geometry is preserved as psammite layers in metasediments of the Broken Hill and Sundown Groups. In the metasedimentary composite gneisses of the Thackaringa Group and Thorndale Composite Gneiss, S, tends to be thin, lenticular to planar, and discontinuous. Apart from bedding, sedimentary structures are very rare in the metasedimentary compositions, but scour-and-fill structures, crossbedding, and compositional grading occur in the well-bedded sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks (Willis 1980a, Brown et al 1983). The bedding in all the rock units is defined by compositional variation, with rare grainsize variation in some sodic plagioclase +quartz rocks. MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE, THACKARINGA, BROKEN HILL SOUTH AUSTRALIA Ss BROKEN HILL BLOCK Thackaringa Mines SHEET AREA Cockburn SCALE Kilometres Structural elements observed in the Thackaringa sheet area (Willis 1980a) compared with those from elsewhere in the Broken Hill Block (Rutland and Etheridge 1975, Laing 1978, Marjoribanks et al 1980). BROKEN HILL BLOCK So Bedding Fy Large-scale isoclines (nappes? ) S, High-grade schistosity/ gneissosity, usually parallel to bedding Ly Mineral lineation Fo Tight to isoclinal, meso- to macroscopic folds So High-grade schistosity Lo Mineral lineation F3 Open to tight, meso- to macroscopic folds $3 Variable-grade schistosity usually retrograde L3 Mineral lineation Not observed ¢ Broken Hill THACKARINGA 1:25 000 FIG. 1. TABLE 1 NORTH THACKARINGA AREA Bedding Not observed High-grade schistosity/ gneissosity, usually parallel to bedding Tight to isoclinal, meso- to macroscopic folds; minor folds common High-grade schistosity Mineral lineation Open to moderately tight, meso- to macroscopic folds Upright, retrograde schistosity; some schist zones axial planar to F3 Mineral lineation Not observed Location of the study area (shaded). The limits of Willyama Supergroup outcrop are also shown, SOUTH THACKARINGA AREA Bedding Large-scale isocline High-grade schistosity/ gneissosity, always parallel to bedding Tight to isoclinal, meso- to macroscopic folds; minor folds common High-grade schistosity Mineral lineation Open to moderately tight, meso- to macroscopic folds Retrograde schistosity Mineral lineation Macroscopic open fold Non-penetrative retro- grade schistosity or defined by small schist zones CE ae. 87 88 lek. WEEEIS TABLE 2 Stratigraphy of the Thackaringa area, after Willis (19802) and Willis et al (1983). SUNDOWN GROUP S BROKEN HILL GROUP B eae earns | (aa s see 5 La pe aa poe ees Sota ee moota BS THACKARINGA GROUP T Subgroup HORES GNEISS Bh ' METASEDIMENTS Bf PARNELL _ FORMATION Bp ALLENDALE METASEDIMENTS Ba Et tlewood i 4 i 1 |Calc-silicate [Member Be , HIMALAYA | FORMATION Th pn | Interbedded pelitic to psammopelitic metasediment with some psammite; minor psammitic to psammopelitic comps’ preter: common zoned calc-silicate nodules , Garnet-rich psammitic to psammopelitic metasediment , interbedded with quartztfeldspar+biotitetgarnet : gneiss, garnet- and/or pyroxene-rich amphibolite, . fine-grained garnettquartz rocks and minor quartzt+ | See rock; common zoned calc-silicate nodules = Ree Sati Se eee | Medium- to Rideeoesaned ddartr+ialdaparbeeee! | garnet gneiss, with evenly distributed, rounded { { | garnets; equigranular, poorly gneissic; inferred | lateral transition to granular quartztgahnite rock Psammitic to psammopelitic metasediments bearing amphibolite; quartztfeldspar+biotite+ garnet garnet gneiss; garnettquartz rock, quartztgahnite rock Garnet- rich psammopelitic and/or psammitic metasediments, with minor amphibolite | | | _ =e Medium- to coarse-grained garnet- and/or pyroxene- | | | iaveccd: pale sasieaee Oe (eriewced a | { | Bedded Baie a acie ee nee aunt a ayriee eee minor amphibolite | ee lines a | RASP RIDGE | : GNEISS | | | | | i | } } { CUES i FORMATION Tr Tc | Quneee Pelidanerthtories (“granite”) gneiss, with | garnet phases Peammopelitye to eeeammete meee ediments and/or composite gneisses interbedded with quartztfeldspar t+garnet leucogneiss; amphibolite; minor quartzt+ feldspartbiotitetgarnet gneiss; and siliceous quartztiron oxide rock; also garnettquartz rock, | garnet tepidote calc-silicate rock ALDERS TANK — | FORMATION Tt LADY BRASSEY FORMATION Ji} | ALMA GNEISS Ta “THORNDALE COMPOSITE GNEISS tg Quartzo-feldspathic and metasedimentary composite gneiss Bedded sodic plagioclasetquartz rocks, quartzo- feldspathic composite gneiss, interbedded amphibolite Medium-grained megacrystic quartztfeldspar+biotite (“augen” ) gneiss Psammitic metasedimentary composite gneiss laade migmatite, with minor amphibolite MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE, THACKARINGA, BROKEN HILL 89 First Generation Structures A high-grade schistosity/gneissosity is commonly visible, defined by alignment of biotite +sillimanite in metasedimentary rocks, by horn- blende in basic gneisses, and by biotite in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses. This schistosity is generally S,, in most cases paralleled by S,: In some areas the two schistosities can be distinguished; e.g. a strong biotite schistosity (S,) in quartzo-feldspathic gneiss (Rasp Ridge Gnéiss) near Whites Tank is folded by F., structures. Northeast of Camels Humps, a biotite schistosity (S,) in sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks, is deformed by second- and third-generation structures (Fig.4): in general a strong biotite foliation in quartzo- feldspathic gneisses can be equated with Sy: Wherever it has been observed, S, lies parallel to bedding and no small-scale F folds have been located. In most outcrops, S, Is difficult to distinguish from S. since both schistosities are essentially parallél to bedding in the limbs of the F, structures which predominate in the area. Where it’can be distinguished, S, appears to dip to the southeast and northwest ehroushout most of the area, with some northeast dips recorded where the schistosity is folded about F, folds. Second Generation Structures Second generation structures deform bedding and S;, and are themselves deformed by third generation structures (e.g. Fig.4). Fy folds are tight to isoclinal and occur on all scales. The axial planar schistosity of F, folds is S,. S, is defined by biotite and sillimanite in mefasediments, and by biotite or quartzo-feldspathic segregations, in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses. In many cases S, develops as a strong linear/planar fabric in the hinges of F, folds (N.J. Archibald, pers. comm. 1978). In quartzo-feldspathic rocks it is variably developed, as a weak foliation (e.g. in the hinge of the Quarry Tank Antiform, Fig. 3), or as a schistosity stronger than S, (Fig. 4). In some quartzo-feldspathic rocks S, develops as a lamination of quartz and feldspar. A strong mineral lineation plunges parallel to the axes of F, folds, and is termed L,. F, folds plunge steeply to the northeast , parallel to L,, throughout the area. The schistosity axial planar to these folds, S., trends to the northeast or east-northeast in general, with steep dips to the northwest or southeast (Fig. 5). Third Generation Structures Throughout the Thackaringa area, bedding (S and the early high-grade schistosities S, and S, are overprinted by a subvertical north- (rarely northeast-) trending retrograde schistosity Sz. Sz is axial planar to meso- and macroscopic folds” (F,) which are open to moderately tight in style, with rounded to angular hinges. 0) S, typically occurs as an intense penetrative micaceous schistosity in pelitic compositions, defined by muscovite, biotite and chlorite. It occurs as a weak parting or coarse micaceous foliation in quartzo-feldspathic lithologies (insets A, Blin Fig.)4) The schistosity is typically intensely developed in the hinges of F, folds, with weak development in the limbs. A strong mineral lineation (L,) defined by quartz and micaceous minerals is ubiquitous Into, ee thas lineation plunges parallel to the axes of small F. folds, and appears to be parallel to Pe axes on a regional scale. Throughout the area S. (and F, axial planes and axial plane traces) inainly strike north-south and dip subvertically, although in some areas the schistosity has a more northeasterly trend, with subvertical to northwest dips (Figs 3,4). F axes throughout the area plunge steeply. These plunges are to the south in the Quarry Tank area, in the Paddock Well area, and mainly to the north in the south Thackaringa district. Fourth Generation Structures Fourth generation structures are rare and have only been observed in the area northeast of Camels Humps (Figs. 3,4), where a macroscopic east- northeast-trending F, fold (and other possible F, folds) has been observed. Definite small- scale Fy folds have not been recorded, although steeply-plunging open to tight minor folds at GR 14984994 (inset C, Fig 4) are interpreted to be of the fourth generation (they may represent F, folds reoriented on the limb of an F. fold). These minor ?F, folds have small-scale axial planar shears and retrograde schistosity (?Sq4). S, 1S apparent in the hinge of the macroscopic F, fold as an upright axial planar foliation defined by strong, discrete east-west shears and retrograde micaceous schistosity. Sy is variably developed and does not appear to be a penetrative foliation. MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE The macroscopic fold interference pattern in the Thackaringa area is shown in Fig. 3, and discussed in detail below. Generalized sections across the area showing interpretation of some of the macroscopic folds are shown in Fig. 5. First Generation Folds F, closures have not been directly observed in the Thackaringa area, although the high grade schistosity which is interpreted to have formed during Dj is everywhere apparent. Difficulty in recognizing F, folds is a problem throughout the Broken Hill Block, due mainly to imposition of D> and D3 strain effects and the prgbable restricted hinge areas of the F, macroscopic folds (Marjoribanks et al 1980). In the Thackaringa area, these problems are compounded by a lack of suitable pelitic/psammopelitic lithologies in which stratigraphic younging criteria and Sj and S2 can be consistently distinguished. Laing et al (1978) and Marjoribanks et al (1980) have made extensive use of structural facing (Borradaile 1976) on F2 folds to delineate F, fold axial plane traces. By using sedimentary younging directions, almost exclusively from pelite-rich facies of the Sundown and Broken Hill Groups, they outlined domains of upward- and downward-facing Fy folds in parts of the central Broken Hill Block, delineating F, axial plane traces at zones of changing facing (Fig. 9 of Marjoribanks et al 1980). 90 I. L. WILLIS : fy ey 8 fe alayas 11 Batetete® q ines, Saas Kilometres Stratigraphic boundary WILLYAMA SUPERGROUP Undifferentiated Thackaringa Group [=] Sundown Group —=s EB Undifferentiated Broken Hill Group Schist zone boundary Himalaya Formation Fault Rasp Ridge Gneiss Undifferentiated Purnamoota Subgroup re ecdren Mine i Road Hores Gneiss Alders Tank Formation Freyers Metasediments Railway Lady Brassey Formation Parnell Formation Tank Alma Gneiss 4 ‘ Well Allendale Metasediments : q Thorndale Composite Gneiss Ettlewood Calc-Silicate Member Tower -- THACKARINGA GROUP ——_{ -——_ BROKEN HILL GROUP — FIG. 2. Stratigraphic interpretation of the Thackaringa area, after Willis 1980a, b, 1982b. For lithological descriptions of units, see Table 1. MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE, THACKARINGA, BROKEN HILL a Bald ahMoun? (earg i i | Heed HS -_ ae THACK ARINGA Adu cdi Heck ari : fd PPS tl Kilometres REFERENCE Form lines F, fold axial trace Fault F, fold axial trace Schist zone boundary Fold axial trace , generation unknown Antiform , synform Domain of downward-facing Fold plunge F2 structure Parnell Formation / Undifferentiated Purnamoota Subgroup F, fold axial trace F. fold axial trace FIG. 3. Distribution of major folds in the Thackaringa area. Note that not all folds or faults are shown or named. Refer to Fig. 2 for additional reference. °(q S8786T) STITT FM 02 Jezel uopQeoTsT [ays DFudeiZt.Ae1i4s 10g ‘*aBe ut re aie ysow ysnoyITe ‘pays;Nsuy AsTp Jou vie spTojJ AouFW jo suoTje1s9ua3Z ay Jey. BION «*AaITTOGTYdme *S°s umMOYS ale SaTZoOTOYIFT TTS Jou ‘uoyzIeoysyTdmyzs 10Y °(GOR6EI) STITIM 19938 “(€ °Btq UF umoys uoTIeI0T) JoFIISTp esufzieyey] yINos ayQ uy eaie Ted; FIO e UT sdyysuoy, eyez Teingoniys = *y “O1g S31}2W ° loo Ps °° {° 01:09. 20 0 2120 00°) feo 02° 90 oot ° 02,80 00% 9° oo ROS eR OG 9; 9707 Some Rr Oso Sloss Oo; OHOzClgueg Ore oN ° ° : : S79 Of OCH Lomo ‘ ‘ °° ° JOUOZ ISTYOS : ORO OR SF Clon so50\07) ‘ 00 9 900 O% OUL] PUPAL [DANQIMNS ° 5 r r , s 010! S92 910 0 Oo erolOn@one sppof dound jo asunpd pun auadso | ~“ Sate sie Scns oo. oo oe oo fic ° 02 09°, 0° %% 01052 210 00% Po of °d 08 © 0°99 0 989° 09 20°09 0% P60 28° & of herve Clg a oo ale rita orien °, ° ° SUIPPI Segoe Tees 2 ,20°0 09,9 000%, %0 : 029° o 00% °° od Lion o70' SO 'om O10 UOPUAS bey Jo JFUNPA PUD QIDAPL [DIN] udofyun &.p fo ound Pup aovap [DIN] Mop typ ©.) fo Q9OPA] [DIX] —=0 SS1OUT aPYOIY + ADdSplof + ZAPNG SSTAIUTOIND *] SS1OUT APISOUMOD UPLUIUPISD]O [A . WILLIS SS1IMT QPISOMUMOD O1YPDUs Ppaf--OZJADNG) I. SyWO ZED # ASNPIO1D Y ! lal eH SJON303535u “saunyonays Cy payuaiso—ai scien emod ADwW Spjo} Joulw au} — aupjd joIxn G4 ayy SWoyap YDIYM pjoy VY DidodsosDDW 40 quilj Ua4ysou ayy UO 1NDD0 SOINJONIYS asay] ‘“Sploy vy JOUIW d/GISSOy “Mala [214194 “(Lg o4 |a|;O40d Co see) Ais 94 S142 491/403 UD Wiojap yo1yM ui6un|d—uyiou sodiw Buimoys mer BH Jidodsossow yo abuiy uj “AYISOFSIYDIS lg ples uly Buimous ‘pjo} cy gi don soe joa 4 |D44xep yusquinda1 oy UE REP ISIe2 PCS aed Bul y00| j[O) S¥aSuI Ul UMOYS 1D SyUaWAa]a |DINydNAYs jO sdiysuoijojas Bulpuridiano pajiojag ype MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE, THACKARINGA, BROKEN HILL 93 The interpretation of upward and downward- facing domains in the central Broken Hill Block has also been supported by using detailed stratigraphic interpretation of the mapped rock units, rather than structural and sedimentary data (c.f. Archibald 1978, Brown 1980, Stevens et al 1980, Willis et al 1983). Similarly, by using the stratigraphic interpretation of the Thackaringa area outlined by Willis (1980a, b) it is possible, despite the lack of sedimentary younging data, to infer the younging directions, and hence facings, on Fz folds in the Thackaringa area. The method relies on confident interpret- ation of the attitude and generation of the folds concerned, which cannot always be assured. However, south of the T-P SZ, the north-plunging Big Hill Synform can be confidently designated a downward-facing F2 structure (an inverted F? anticline ) (Fig. 3). The many regional F 2 folds to the west, from Brassey Tank North Antiform south to the Felspar Creek Synform, are interpreted with mixed degrees of confidence, to be consistently upward facing. The zone of transition from upward to downward-facing domains corresponds with the Himalaya Fold (Fig. 3), which is therefore inferred to be Fy. The Himalaya Fold also corresponds with a younging reversal about which the stratigraphy is symmetrically distributed, and is clearly deformed by the F2 Big Hill Synform and Camels Humps Antiform, supporting the conclusion that the Himalaya Fold is an Fy structure. The Himalaya F, fold axial plane trace disappears under alluvium to the east. The northern trace of the fold cannot be confidently traced. The domain of upward-facing F2 structures from the Brassey Tank North Antiform to the south suggests that these structures lie on the upward- facing limb of the F, fold, and that the axial plane trace does not occur in this area. It is more likely that the axial plane trace trends to the north, passing into the area of complex geology and fold interactions on the southern margins of the T-P SZ, in the central part of the study area. It is suggested that the fold would be folded about the east-trending Fz structures in this area (e.g. Camels Humps Antiform, Thackaringa East Fold), before being either smeared out to the east or west within the T-P SZ, or possibly truncated at its northern margin. The imposition of a late, strong schist zone schistosity, and extreme deformation and atten- uation of the lithological units in this area, precludes confident tracing of the Fj axial plane trace. The domain of consistently upward-facing F> structures from the Brassey Tank North Antiform to the south suggests that the Himalaya Fold axial plane trace does not pass into this area. However, if both the Thackaringa Loop East and Thackaringa East folds are antiformal and synformal respectively, as field inspection and interpretation suggest, then the stratigraphic interpretation indicates that these folds are upward-facing and lie on the upward-facing limb of the F, Himalaya Fold. Accordingly, the F axial plane trace may pass south of the Techemea Loop East Antiform, as shown speculatively in Figs 3, 5, through a zone of poor outcrop, complex geology and northwesterly shearing. The structure and stratigraphy of this area require closer examination for a resolution of this problem. The attitude of the Himalaya Fold has not been determined, due to a lack of outcrop in the hinge area, and of lithologies suitable for good development of Dy, structural elements. The geometry of the fold is also not directly observable although the structure appears to have a tight axial zone and broad limb areas. These features are consistent with the interpretation of F, folds throughout the Broken Hill Block as large-scale, isoclinal, probably recumbent (or nappe-like) structures (c.f. Majoribanks et al 1980). North of the T-P SZ, the Quarry Tank - Whites Well area is also a domain of upward-facing F, structures, indicating that this area lies on the upward-facing limb of a single F, fold. The stratigraphy and structure of the Bald Hill - Little Paddock Well area is not well known and structural facing cannot be interpreted in this area. Second Generation Folds The distribution of Fy macroscopic folds is shown in Fig 3. The Dz age of these structures is determined by overprinting criteria : they all deform Sj (e.g. gneissosity in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses) and many have superimposed Fz folds or S3 schistosity. South of the T-P SZ for example, the east - to northeast-trending F2 folds deform S,; in a number of lithologies (amphibolite, leucogneiss, etc.) and are themselves overprinted by a variably developed Sz schistosity or by meso- to macroscopic Fz folds (Figs 3,4). The dome-and- basin structures developed in the Old Coolgardie North and South folds are due to plunge reversals caused at least partly by broad warping of the F structures by open macroscopic F3 folds (Fig 3). F> macroscopic folds south of the T-P SZ tend to be open, broad structures, although some are isoclinal (Camels Humps Antiform, Big Hill Synform). Their axes plunge moderately to steeply to the east or northeast: the Big Hill Synform plunges 66/034 and the Brassey Tank North Antiform plunges 65/073. The interaction of these folds with the T-P SZ varies from structure to structure. The Brassey Tank North Antiform has been sheared in the hinge zone by the T-P SZ. The Big Hill Synform is truncated by the schist zone to the east of the Thackaringa area (Brown 1978). The Thackaringa East Fold, possibly an extension of the Brassey Tank South Synform, has an axial trace which appears to parallel the schist zone (Fig 3). In most instances, the Fz folds shown in the south Thackaringa district in Figure 3 are delineated by continuous lithological or stratigraphic markers, with clearly exposed hinge zones in which bedding and schistosity Sj; are folded. In some cases however, the F2 closures are not exposed, in which case symmetry of the lithological or stratigraphic markers is used to define the structures. The Brassey Tank South Synform is defined by a symmetry of Broken Hill Group and Himalaya Formation lithologies about a core of Sundown Group metasediments; the closure of this fold to the north is obscured in the T-P SZ. Near Camels Humps, the Camels Humps Antiform is inferred on the basis of symmetry of Cues Formation lithologies (particularly leucogneiss - see Fig 5 of Willis, 1982) about a core of mega- crystic gneiss (Alma Gneiss) and leucocratic sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks (Lady Brassey 94 QUARRY TANK AREA BIG HILL AREA : A in if ; THACKAR el INNA pala ef ee “AE | SS 70 Ni Fa = yy Ay a f 4 i 4 j | di MK = 2a a/3 oe TS Uy] n FIG. 5. Cross sections of the stratigraphy and structure in three areas of the Thackaringa district. Sections are diagrammatic only, and are not to scale vertically. Reference as for Figs. 2, 3. Sections located on Fig. 3. Note that section C-C' presents an interpretation based on the speculative distribution of the Himalaya Fold shown in Fig. 3 MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE, THACKARINGA, BROKEN HILL a5 Formation). An exceptionally strong north-plunging biotite lineation obscures the Sj, S2 schistosity relationships in the hinge zone in the Alma Gneiss, a feature which Archibald (1978) concluded was typical Of Fo structures. To the east, beyond the Alders Tank Fault, the closure of the Camels Humps Antiform is clearly defined in an open east- plunging structure by folded Sg and S; in Himalaya and Cues Formation rocks (Fig 3). In the central part of the area, southeast of Twenty Mile Tower, a zone of complex structures is present which is poorly understood. This zone comprise an area of interaction of mainly Fp? folds, and structures associated with the east-trending T-P SZ. The continuity and correlation of the F92 axes in this area are uncertain. North of the T-P SZ, F> folds tend to be tight to isoclinal, with northeast-trending axes (Fig 3). In the Whites Well area, a series of isoclinal Fy folds has caused rapid repetition of stratigraphy. These folds are delineated by lithostratigraphic marker units (especially leucogneiss) and by vergence relationships of minor folds. Fo closures are only clearly exposed in the Whites Well North Antiform (where the hinge is defined by amphibolite and quartz+ feldspar+biotite+garnet gneiss), and in the Quarry Tank Antitorm (Fig 3). The Cues South Fold (Fig 3) is interpreted on the basis that the rocks south- east of Whites Well are a core of Thorndale Composite Gneiss migmatitic rocks. Because the stratigraphy must young to the northwest and southeast, an F> hinge is iInterpreted-in this area. The hinge may have been truncated or dislocated by a strong schist zone which trends to the northeast (Fig 3). Third Generation Folds Macro- and mesoscopic Fz folds are open, rounded, concentric style folds with Sz axial planar. North of:the \T-P SZ macroscopic Fz folds are common, with their axial plane traces at a high angle to the regional northeast trend (Fig 3). These macroscopic folds plunge steeply to moderately to the north and south, with subvertical axial planes which strike northwest to northeast. Retrograde schist zones occur in the limbs of these Fz folds (e.g. northeast of Whites Well), in some places acting as faults or slides dis- placing or attenuating Fz fold limbs. In the south Thackaringa district, macroscopic Fz folds are also present (Fig 3). The Ram Paddock Antiform is the largest Fz structure in the area, and deforms the F> Camels Humps Antiform and schistosities S, and S2 (Fig 4). The axial plane trace of this fold probably continues to the south where interference with the F2 Old Coolgardie North Synform may account for the "basin" structure in this area. North to northeast trends predominate for macroscopic F3 folds in the south Thackaringa district. Fourth Generation Folds A single macroscopic Fy fold has been definitely recognized, in the area northeast of Camels Humps (Figs 3,4). This fold, the Thackaringa Loop Synform, plunges 75/064. It deforms the axial surface of the Fz Ram Paddock Antiform and is itself truncated by a north-trending fault (Fig 4). Other east- or east-northeast- trending macroscopic Fy4 folds may occur in the south Thackaringa district, but they would be difficult to detect unless they could be seen to overprint Fz elements. Macroscopic Folds in the Thackaringa-Pinnacles Schist Zone Macroscopic folds are present in the T-P SZ, defined by horizons of amphibolite and associated quartz-feldspar+biotite+garnet gneiss of the Broken Hill Group (Fig 2) (Willis tm prep.). The fold form surfaces are difficult-to trace im deta! because of dislocation and attenuation within the schist zone, but the distribution of probable axial traces is shown in Fig 3. The Twenty Mile Fold has a clearly defined hinge zone near Twenty Mile Tower, and is probably synformal, plunging to the east, and of ?F> age. The hinge zone is extremely attenuated and is smeared out within the schist zone to the west. The fold may close to the east near the Triple Chance road where lithological and bedding trends transgress the strike of the schist zone. Alternatively the fold may extend further to the east through the zone of complex structures which lie southeast of the road (Fig 3). On stratigraphic grounds a major series of folds (including the Thackaringa East Fold) can be postulated lying subparallel to the eastern T-P SZ. This fold is indicated by a symmetry about a core of pelitic to psammopelitic metasediments (Sundown Group), flanked by amphibolite with quartz+feldspar +biotite+garnet gneiss (Broken Hill Group), and sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks (Himalaya Formation) (Fig 2). The northern limb of this gross structure as defined by the sodic plagioclase+quartz rocks, can be traced as far westwards as Little Paddock Well, accompanied by the Broken Hill Group rocks. The axial plane trace of the Thackaringa East Fold is possible an extension of the Brassey Tank South Synform, with companion F7 structures (including the Twenty Mile Fold) to the north (Fig 3). The highly sheared northern limb of the T-P SZ represents one limb of this large structure or set of structures, and may possibly represent a macroscopic tectonic slide (Willis, tm prep.). The age of the macroscopic structures in the schist zone cannot be confidently determined. The interpreted continuation of the Brassey Tank South and Thackaringa East Synforms suggests that this structure is at least Fj. Structures in the T-P SZ are at least post Dy since they overprint Sj gneissosity in quartzo-feldspathic rocks at Little Paddock Well (Willis tn prep.). Deformation in the zone continued well after D2 and D3, however, since the T-P SZ truncates F2 and Fz structures along its northern margin. MACROSCOPIC INTERFERENCE PATTERNS In the vicinity of the F, Himalaya Fold axial plane trace, a lobate F,/F2 fold interference pattern is developed that resembles the Type 2 patterns of Ramsay (1967, Fig 10-13). This is interpreted to be due to upright F, structures being superimposed on a relatively regular, inclined to recumbent, Fi fold limb. 96 LE. WIEEIS In the Old Coolgardie Tank area, a more open dome-and-basin type pattern is thought to be due to imposition of north-trending Fz folds on upright and tight to open east-trending F2 folds ( a pattern transitional between Types 1 and 2 of Ramsay, 1967). Because this area lies on the single limb of a major F; structure, the effects of Dj can be ignored. Similarly, Fj structures have not apparently affected the macroscopic pattern of folds north of the T-P SZ, where the pattern of isoclinal to tight, northeast-trending upright Fy structures has only been marginally distorted by the interference of north-trending macroscopic Fz structures. In the T-P SZ itself, a component of extreme ductile deformation has tended to attenuate and distort the fold interference pattern. DISCUSS ION The complex pattern of macroscopic folds in the Thackaringa area can be related to interference of three main fold generations: Dj,, D2 and Dz. At meso- and macroscopic scales, the structural elements of these three deformations can be correlated with the main structural elements from Similar phases of deformation documented in the northern and central Broken Hill Block. In the Thackaringa area, the macroscopic interference pattern is due mainly to tight F 2 folding, modified by superimposition on F, structures, and/or by later Fz folding. A fourth generation of macroscopic folding (Dy, F4) also appears to be present in the south Thackaringa district, but the regional extent of this folding is not known. It is concluded that there does not appear to be a substantial difference in deformation generations and structures between the south- western, and the northern and central, Broken Hill Block. In addition, the structural elements observed in the bedded rocks and gneisses of the Thackaringa Group in the Thackaringa area, can be directly correlated with those observed in the overlying Broken Hill and Sundown Groups, both at Thackaringa and in the central and southern Broken Hill Block. This supports the observations of others (e.g. Laing et al 1978), that there are no differences in structural elements within this section of the Broken Hill Block stratigraphic sequence. It also confirms the suggestion (Stevens et al 1983) that there does not appear to be an angular unconformity at the major Thackaringa Group/Broken Hill Group boundary. The easterly-trending, open, "egg-carton" type macroscopic interference pattern present in the south Thackaringa area contrasts with the dominantly northeast-trending tighter pattern of much of the remainder of the Broken Hill Block, including the Thackaringa area north of the T-P SZ. This appears to be either due to an originally east-oriented system of relatively open to tight F> folds, or, less likely, to later reorientation of these folds. It can be speculated that this easterly orientation of structures was at least partly controlled by the Thackaringa-Pinnacies SZ. This is proposed because of domain of "egg- carton" interference structures is bounded by the T-P SZ in the north, and by a parallel major lineament in the south (the Felspar Creek lineament, which occurs just south of the Felspar Creek Synform in Fig 3) (Willis 1980a, in prep.). The more typical northeasterly trends predominate north and south of these structures. In addition, the major Fy axes are subparallel with the T-P SZ and Felspar Creek lineament, supporting a possible relationship between these folds and the planar structures. This would support an earlier suggestion (Willis 1980a, in prep.) that the T-P SZ may represent a structure of at least D2 age. Future work in the area should involve resolution of the distribution of the Fy axial plane trace, and more detailed studies in key areas to more carefully resolve the distribution of the proposed structures. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper has been greatly improved by the helpful comments of B. Stevens, J. Stroud and R. Barnes. I would also like to thank B. Stevens for his assistance with aspects of the interpretation, ti. Basaden for her acvice and an anonymous reviewer for useful criticism. The diagrams were prepared by Cartographic Section of the Geological Survey of N.S.W. REFERENCES Archibald, N.J., 1978. Stratigraphic controls on Pb-Zn sulphide mineralization in the Proterzoic Willyama Cemplex. Report to Broken Htll Mining Manajers Assoctattor (unpubl.). Borradaile, G.J., 1976. "Structucal facing" (Shackleton's rule) and the Palaeozoic rocks of the Malaguide Complex rear Velex Rubio, S.E. Spain. Proc..K. Akad. Wet. Semigs: 79, 330-336, Brown, R.E., 1978. Geology of the Pinnacles 1:25,000 sheet area, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Rep. geol. Surv. N.S.W., GS 1978/057 (unpubl.). Brown, R.E., 1980. The geology of the Broken Hill 1:25,000 sheet area, Broken Hill, N.S.W. Rep. geol. Surv. N.S.W., GS 1980/1438 (unpub1l.). Brown, R.E., Stevens, B.P.J., Willis; I.L.;) Stroud, W.J., Bradley, G.M., and Barnes, R.G., 1983. 3. Quartzo-feldspathic rocks, tm ROCKS OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK: THEIR NATURE, STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN. fee. geol. Surv. N.S.W., 2101), 1272224. Hobbs, B.E., 1963. The structural environment of the northern part of the Broken Hill orebody. J. geol. Soc. Aust., 13(2),. 315-358. Laing, W.P., Marjoribanks, R.W., and Rutland, P.W.R. 1978. Structure of the Broken Hill mine area and its significance for the generation of the orebodies. Econ. Geol., 73(6), 112-1136. Marjoribanks, R.W., Rutland, R.W.R., Glen, R.A., and Laing, W.P., 1980. The structure and tectonic evolution of the Broken Hill region Australia. Prec. Res., 13, 209-240. Ramsay, J.G., 1967. FOLDING AND FRACTURING OF ROCKS. McGraw Hill, New York. 568pp. MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE, THACKARINGA, BROKEN HILL Rutland, R.W.R., and Etheridge, M.A., 1975. Two high-grade schistosities at Broken Hill and their relation to major and minor structures. dis Geol. Soc. Aust:., 22(35), 259-274. Stevens, B.P.J., 1980. Introduction, 7” Stevens, B.P.J., (ed.) A GUIDE TO THE STRATIGRAPHY AND MINERALIZATION OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK, NEW SOUTH WALES. Rec. geol. Surv. N.S.W., a0(1), 1-7. StEVENS,.>.P.J., Stroud, W.J., Willis,-1.L., Bradley, G.M., Brown, R.E., and Barnes, R.G., 1980. A stratigraphic interpretation of the Broken Hill Block, tm Stevens, B.P.J., (ed. ) A GUIDE TO THE STRATIGRAPHY AND MINERALIZATION OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK, NEW SOUTH WALES. Rec. geol. Surv. N.S.W., 20(1), 9-32. Stevens, B.P.J., Willis, I.L., Brown, R.E., and Stroud, W.J., 1983. The Early Proterozoic Supergroup: definitions of stratigraphic units from the Broken Hill Block, New South Wales. |Rec. geol. Surv. N.S.W., 21(2), 407-442. Stroud, W.J., in prep. The geology of the Triple Chance 1:25,000 sheet area, Broken Hill. Rep. geol. Surv. N.S.W. (in prep.). Williams, P.F., 1967. Structural analysis of the Little Brown Hill area, New South Wales. Jd. geol. Soc. Aust., 14(2),) 317-331. Willis, I.L., 1980a. Geology of the Thackaringa 1:25,000 sheet area, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Rep. geol. Surv. N.S.W., GS 1980/1839 (unpubl.). Willis, I.L., 1980b. Stratigraphic interpretation of the Silverton-Thackaringa area, in Stevens, B.P.J., (ed.) A GUIDE TO THE STRATIGRAPHY AND MINERALIZATION OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK, NEW SOUTH WALES. fec. geol. surv. N.S.W.; 20(1), 121-127. Willis, I.L., 1982a. Description and interpretation of a useful leucogneiss stratigraphic marker in the Willyama Complex, Broken Hill Block, N.S.W. #. Soc. N.S.W., EMO Cag lO, LL-SZ. Willis, I.L., 1982b. Stratigraphy of the Thackaringa Group (Suite 3), Willyama Supergroup, Broken Hill Block, Rep. geol. Surv. W.S.W., GS 1982/261 (unpubl.). Willis, I.L., in prep. The Thackaringa-Pinnacles Schist Zone, a major brittle-ductile shear zone in the Broken Hill Block N.S.W., Australia. Willas, T.L.,) Brown, R.E., Stroud, W.J., and Stevens, B.P.J., 1983. The Early Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup: stratigraphic sub- division and interpretation of high to low- grade metamorphic rocks in the Broken Hill Block, N.S.W. oJ. geol. Soc. Aust., 30, 195-224, Geological Survey of New South Wales, Armidale Office, C/- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale, N.S.W. 2351. Australia (Manuscript received 29.2.1984) (Manuscript received in final form 14.11.1984) wd Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. 117, pp. 99-111, 1984 ISSN 0035-9173/84/020099 — 13 $4.00/ | Chiral Discriminations and Molecular Propellers ROBERT S. VAGG ABSTRACT. The nature of molecular chirality and the control of discriminatory interactions between chiral molecules are discussed in general with some emphasis on tetrahedral and octahedral stereochemistries. In particular recent studies on a series of ternary ruthenium(I1)-diimine complexes with optically active a-amino acids which contain both of these stereochemistries as chiral centres is reviewed. These systems are photo-labile and equilibrate on irradiation with visible light so as to reflect in their equilibrium constants chiral discrimination energies between diastereoisomeric pairs. These energetic results are used to demonstrate the various discriminatory effects of different substituents on the amine-nitrogen and a-carbon atoms of the amino acids. Examples are given also of stereoselective control of reactions at the coordinated amino acid bidentate ligands. INTRODUCTION Symmetry and Chirality Many aspects of human existence, including man's natural environment, appearance, perceptions and intellectual pursuits are influenced by the concept of symmetry. Its perception in nature and its manifestation in art has persisted throughout man's history and has acted as a base for much of his music, architecture, painting and verse. Its value to engineering and the sciences stems at least from the analyses of Pythagoras, and symmetry theory now has assumed a fundamental significance to natural philosophy as a whole (Shubnikov and Koptsik, The word symmetry derives from the Greek root métron, meaning 'to measure', and the prefix syn or sym meaning '‘with' or 'together'. The concept, therefore, is a comparative one which describes the characteristic of a pattern or object whose constituent parts have some measure of similarity which results in a regularity of form. Thus a symmetrical object may be perceived as being derived from two or more Similar irregular or asymmetric parts; the special relationship between these parts, and their number, define the object. * Presidential Address delivered before the Royal Society of New South Wales at Macquarie University on April 4, 1984. The external features of living matter usually exhibit elements of symmetry, although often imperfect, with higher orders of symmetry generally occurring in the lower life forms. Almost all vertebrates, including man, exhibit an approximate bilateral symmetry with the left and right sides related by an imaginary mirror operation. This concept of a dimension reversal is important, for the description of two objects as being either "left" or "right" denotes that they are not Superimposable and yet are in all other ways identical. Such objects are termed chiral, possessing the asymmetric property of chirality , or ‘handedness’, which again has a Greek derivation ( chefr meaning ‘hand' ). In general the symmetry of external forms of matter reflect the degree of geometrical simplicity present at a molecular level. The complex structured molecules of living organisms such as sugars, proteins and nucleic acids are all chiral, with in general only one left- or right-handed form being employed. The basic structuring element of these molecules is carbon, whose abundance and chemical bonding properties are ideal in terms of generating the desired stability and molecular stereochemistries. MOLECULAR CHIRALITY A rigorous mathematical description of symmetry involves the use of symmetry elements and symmetry operations. At a molecular level the two important symmetry elements that may be used to fully describe the geometrical properties of a molecule are the proper (or rotation) axis, given the symbol C,, and the 100 ROBERT S. VAGG improper (or rotation-reflection) axis, Sn° In a purely descriptive sense the commonly used mirror plane (0) and centre of symmetry (i) elements are equivalent to improper axes of order (n =) 1 and 2 respectively. The absence of the symmetry elements o and ¢ is often taken by chemists as the sole requirement for chirality (optical activity) in a molecule. However, this test is an incomplete one, for the fundamental stereo— chemical requirement for a molecule to exhibit optical activity is the absence of an improper (Sy ) axis, and indeed optically inactive Substances are known whose molecules contain neither a centre nor mirror symmetry element. Detailed descriptions of the analysis of molecular symmetry have been provided by Cotton (1971) and Mead (1974). The simplest three-dimensional molecule that may be chiral is one containing three different atoms bonded to a central atom to form a triangular pyramid (Fig. 1). The Pig. central atom is then termed a chiral centre and the asymmetric face may be viewed as the basic source of this chirality. Chiral tricoordinate centres based on a nitrogen atom in general show rapid inversion , although the energetic barrier to this inversion may be heightened by structural and electronic factors so as to allow configurational stability. This is a common situation in many naturally-occurring alkaloids, for example, where the nitrogen atoms lie at the junction of Se all bridged ring systems (Bentley, 1982). Tetrahedral Chiral Centres The most common source of chirality in biological molecules is the tetracoordinate carbon atom bearing four different substituents with the resulting two isomeric forms (enantiomers) being non-superimposable (Fig. 2). If two or more of these subsituent groups (A,B,F and G in Fig. 2) were to become equivalent then, in general, the tetrahedral centre would loose its chirality due to the consequent gain of an internal mirror plane. Good examples of these types of molecules are the a-amino acids, represented by the general Fig. formulae shown in I, which are the basic constituents of peptides, proteins and most enzymes. All naturally occurring a-amino acids except glycine ( I with R =H ) are chiral, but with very few exceptions proteins in plants and animals are made up of only the "left-handed" (L or S) forms. Several nomenclature systems have evolved in order to describe the absolute configuration at a tetrahedral chiral centre. The most systematic, and therefore of most general use, is that of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog (1956 and 1966) in which the designations R (rectus) and S (sinister) are employed. This system is based on a sequence rule which allows assignment of a hierarchical order for the four substituents and which in turn is determined by the atomic numbers of i Representation of the left- and right- handed forms of a chiral triangular pyramidal molecule. 2 Representation of the two hands of a tetrahedral chiral molecule. S-amino acid (I) CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS AND MOLECULAR PROPELLERS 101 N N Se 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) N N SV; 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) aX NHp N ey 1, 2-diaminoethane (en) Ho A O R NH, PA NG L(S)-a-amino acid (aa) Fig- 3 Some common five-membered chelate rings. (III) their constituent atoms. Unlike earlier systems it is neither dependent on the chiroptical properties of a substance nor on a structural comparison with other specific molecules, and it may be used to define unequivocally several chiral centres in one molecule. Excellent detailed descriptions of these methods of configurational designation are provided by Alworth (1972) and Testa (1982). Octahedral Chiral Centres One of the most common bonding geometries adopted by metal ions is the octahedron, in which the metal is hexacoordinate and Surrounded by six bonding atoms capable of electron donation to the central cation. Such a structure allows for several different isomeric forms through various combinations of identical and different substituent groups, or ligands. Again in a molecule of this geometry one of the most conceptually simple chiral forms would be that in which three different monodentate ligands are arranged at the corners of one triangular face, as shown in II, a feature similar to the pyramidal and tetrahedral examples discussed above. This chirality could be lost, however, by adding certain combinations of one or more of the same substituents in the remaining three positions of the octahedron so as to introduce an element of symmetry (mirror or centre) into the molecule. In reality this is a little-studied form of chirality at an octahedral metal centre. A far more common form is that generated by the use of bidentate ligands - molecules containing two donor atoms capable of bonding to the same metal ion and thereby linking two adjacent positions on one edge of the octahedron ( shown in III ). As a result the metal ion becomes one member of a small molecular ring (a chelate ring) which usually contains five or six atoms. Examples of some molecules which commonly perform this function are shown in Figure 3, and include all the a- amino acids. 102 Mirror Plane Figure 4 Representation of the A and A ROBERT S. VAGG enantiomers of a complex of the type M(A™A)3 viewed down the three-fold ( Cz ) Symmetry axis. Molecular Propellers If either two or three bidentate molecules coordinate to the one metal ion the resulting chiral structure has a helical or propeller shape (Fig. 4). Again, like the tetrahedron, several conventions have been used to describe the absolute configurations of such molecules. The now commonly accepted (IUPAC) convention is to define the enantiomer which adopts a right-handed propeller as the A (delta) form, the left-handed enantiomer being the A (lambda) form. Several detailed reviews on the stereochemistry of chiral metal complexes have been published; for additional information the reader is referred to those of Gillard and Mitchell (1970) and Saito (1979). CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS The ability of living systems to discriminate between different isomeric forms of the one substance has been known for more than a century. Pasteur, for example, was able to demonstrate in 1860 that the action of a yeast on his racemic ammonium tartrate salt caused only the right-handed form to ferment, leaving the left salt untouched (Bentley, 1982). The pain-killing drug morphine is active only in the left-handed form, the other enantiomer being neither physiologically active nor addictive (Bernal et al, 1972). The selective nature of the action of enzymes also is based on the ability of those molecules to discriminate enantiomers either in recognitive or synthetic roles. Thus a racemic species which is chemically pure when introduced into a living system is recognised as having two different molecular structures, and the two enantiomeric forms may have completely different physiological effects. This highlights the difference between an achiral (symmetrical) environment (in vitro) and a chiral (in vivo) environment, a distinction that may be sensed only by chiral molecules. Ideal models to demonstrate the nature of this discriminatory effect are the human hands. These will each interact in an equivalent manner with an object that is achiral, for example a tennis ball. However, if a chiral object such as a leather glove designed for the right hand-is chosen then this equivalence is lost and a right-right selective interaction occurs. A left hand be forced into a right-hand glove but this involves expenditure of additional energy. This process is mimicked at the molecular level. Two enantiomers will interact equally with a molecule such as water which is achiral. However, if this second molecule is chiral then the two possible interactions are no longer equivalent and the one which leads to the more thermodynamically stable interaction product will be preferred. process thus becomes discriminatory. may The Like all chemical processes the control of these interactions is under energetic influences and the chosen end-product. or reaction intermediate reflects that having the highest thermodynamic stability (or the lowest overall free energy state). If the difference in energy between two possible products is sufficiently large then the process becomes completely selective towards one alone. This discriminating ability acts as the foundation for many of the physical and chemical properties of chiral molecules, including their interaction with polarized light and crystallization and resolution processes ae and Mellor, 1976; Craig, 1980; Mason, 19 ‘ Again the classic resolution of sodium ammonium tartrate by Louis Pasteur may be used CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS AND MOLECULAR PROPELLERS 103 to demonstrate how such interactions may be energetically controlled. Crystallization of that racemic salt from solutions below 28°C results in the separation of a 1:1 mixture of hemihedral crystals which each contain molecules of either the left- or right-handed form only (Feiser and Feiser, 1944). Each crystal shows corresponding optical activity. Hence under these conditions the left-left and right-right interactions are preferred (equally) and the salt spontaneously resolves. Crystallization at higher temperatures results in symmetrical racemic crystals separating from solution which, like the mother liquor, are optically inactive. In these latter circumstances a left-right interaction is energetically preferred. The chemical resolution of a racemic mixture of ions into its two optically active components is usually achieved by introducin a suitable chiral reagent (a resolving agent into the system which can selectively interact with one of the two enantiomeric forms and precipitate it as a less soluble salt. The resulting solid product is called a diastereoisomer, having at least two different chiral centres. Its separation from solution reflects the better-molecular packing and consequent higher crystal lattice stability of that salt (Craig, 1974). Similarly, the property of optical activity - the ability of a chiral substance to rotate the plane of polarized light - may be viewed as a chiral discriminatory process. Plane (or linearly) polarized radiation is composed of two in-phase but oppositely rotating beams of circularly polarized radiation (Lambert et al, 1976). The transverse vibrations of the latter trace out right- and left-handed helices as a function of time. The velocity of each of these components are equal in achiral media but will differ when passing through an optically active medium. As a result the two components will emerge out of phase and this is observed as a rotation of the original plane of polarization. This phenomenon therefore may be veiwed as an example of a chiral form of matter discriminating between the two components of a "racemic" form of energy. DIASTEREOISOMERIC METAL COMPLEXES Since the early part of this century the resolution of chiral octahedral metal ions has played a fundamental role in the development of theories of structure and bonding in transition metal chemistry. The optical resolutions of Alfred Werner and his students have been described as "a stereochemical achievement of the highest order" and they provided the basis for the new field of coordination chemistry (Kauffman, 1974). Most of these resolutions involved the use of asymmetric tartrate or substituted-—-tartrate anions to select one hand of a metal complex cation and thus form a diastereoisomeric salt. An excellent example of how this selective association may occur is provided by the crystal structure of the A-[Co(en)3 ]Br(d-tart) salt reported by Kushi et al (1976). Here the d-tartrate resolving anion can be seen to effectively hydrogen-bond only the lambda- propeller of [Co(en)z ]?* through three amine groups on one octahedral face. As a result this propeller is precipitated selectively from a racemic solution as the A ,d-diastereo- isomer. % Contributions of F.P.Dwyer Several fundamental contributions to the field of chiral metal complexes were made in Australia during the 1950's by F.P. Dwyer and his colleagues (Mellor, 1970). A large proportion of this much-cited research was published in the Journal and Proceedings of this Society and some are judged throughout the world to be classic papers in coordination chemistry. This contained significant work on the metal complexes of the bidentate diimine bases 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2'- bipyridine (bipy) (see Fig. 3) and included the resolutions of the tris-diimine complexes Of Divalent Me, Ni, Ru and Os. The inert osmium(II)/(III) complexes were used to demonstrate the existence of electron transfer and dynamic equilibria between the resolved ions. The properties of solutions of the Ru and Ni enantiomeric cations in the presence of other chiral ions were used to introduce the concept of ‘configurational activity' - a form of chiral discrimination resulting from non- bonded interactions between chiral species in solution (Dwyer et al, 1955; Barnes et al, 1955). The discovery of the different activities of enantiomeric forms of these and closely related complexes in biological systems was a natural extension of Dwyer's fundamental research on these chiral metal chelates (Mellor, 1970; Dwyer, 1959; Shulman and Dwyer, 1964). PHOTOLABILE RUTHENIUM SYSTEMS The type of molecular interactions described by Dwyer, like the general use in coordination chemistry of asymmetric anions as resolving agents, usually involve a discriminating function between a propeller cation and an anion containing a tetrahedral chiral centre. In 1980 a collaborative project between researchers at Macquarie University and University College Cardiff was begun on a series of cationic complexes of ruthenium(II) which contain both the metal and a carbon atom as chiral centres in the one molecular species. These diastereoisomeric cations, which resemble many of the compounds investigated by Dwyer, have general formula [Ru(diimine)o(aa)]"" (where diimine is either phen or bipy and aa represents an a-amino acid) and are represented by the structural formula shown in IV. The remainder of this Address will centre on some of the results of investigations on these compounds. Closely 104 ROBERT S. VAGG N N \ y N Ve, ia H I \e H 6) er (IV) related complexes have received substantial recent study due to their potential use as catalysts in solar energy storage systems (Kalyanasundaram, 1982). These chiral cations were resolved using chromatographic techniques into their lambda and delta propeller forms (Vagg and Williams, 1981a & b). Moreover, the optically pure products obtained are photolabile, equilibrating on irradiation to selected lambda/delta ratios which reflect uniquely and accurately in their equilibrium constants the chiral discrimination energy difference between each pair of diastereoisomers (Vagg and Williams, 1981a; 198% ). Intramolecular Steric Interactions Bulky a-carbon amino acid substituents were noticed to have a significant effect in determining the position of each equilibrium on irradiation. The observed preference for Figure 5 lambda diastereoisomers in equilibrated solutions of complexes of S-amino acids was explained in terms of a repulsive intra- molecular steric interaction involving the acid substituent and one of the diimine molecules in the delta propeller (Vagg and Williams, 1981a). This situation is represented in Figure 5. Relief of steric strain in the delta form may be achieved on irradiation by inversion at the metal centre to produce the lambda stereoisomer, and hence the equilibrium lies significantly in this direction with bulky a-substituents (Vagg and Williams, 1981a; Goodwin, Vagg and Williams, 1984). This steric effect is enhanced if the a-methine hydrogen atom of the S-amino acid is substituted by a methyl group. As a result the preference for the lambda propeller is increased, with its thermodynamic stability relative to the delta soe being increased by approximately 1.6kJmol~' (Goodwin, Williams and Vagg, 1984). Not surprisingly, a further increased lambda preference is observed on changing the diimine ligand from bipy to the more inflexible phen base. Evidence for the importance of steric effects in these species has been provided by the crystal structures of the two diastereoisomrs formed with bipyridine and S- alanine ligands. The comparative analysis of interatomic contact distances and bond- rotational distortions in these two cations demonstrate enforced steric strain in the delta form due to repulsive interactions involving the methyl group of the coordinated amino acid (Stephens et al, 1983). This observation is consistent with the measured chiral discrimination between this pair which energetically favours the lambda form (Vagg and Williams, 1983). These complex species appear to be completely inert in the absence of light. Hence irradiation of a less-preferred delta Photo-equilibration of the lambda and delta diastereoi- somers of a complex of general form [Ru(bipy)(S-aa) J". The steric interaction between a diimine H atom and the amino acid side chain ( R ) in the A propeller is shown. CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS AND MOLECULAR PROPELLERS OH COOH H 0 HN H 3 2 H H OH NH, OH CH S-threonine CH, COOH H 0 HN H HO H H NH, OH CH, S-allothreonine (V) HOD 105 form, which incorporates this de-stabilizing interaction but which may be resolved and stored in the dark, immediately results in a reaction which generates the lambda propeller in high proportion. These isomerisation reactions provide examples of spontaneous inversion at a chiral centre which is unique im Coordinavron, chemistry. Hydrogen Bonding Effects There are several possible inter-—- or intramolecular interactions which may lead to discriminations between chiral molecules (Craig and Mellor, 1976; Craig, 1980). These include differential hydrogen bonding, short- range influences transmitted through one or more layers of solvent, and steric interactions similar to those mentioned above. The hydrogen bonding capacities of the amino acid side chains have been demonstrated to have a significant influence on the position of photo-equilibrium in these systems. Often this is sufficient to override. the steric effect of the side chain and to produce an energetic preference for the delta propeller. This is evident in the selectivities demonstrated by the coordinated amino acids S- serine (Vagg and Williams, 1981b), S-glutamic (NCHS : (N CHS (A)H,+ (A)H, 7; _—_—_—_->-” (A)Ha +(A) HE —_—oooy” (N vi | d,-acetone i 4 6.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 Zo0 1.0 Figure 6 6 (ppm) 200MHz 'H NMR spectrum of [Ru(bipy)o(N-Me-gly)]*+ isomers at equilibrium in 5:1 DoO:dg-acetone solution (Stark et al, 1984). (Enantiomeric pairs have been ignored 106 ROBERT S. VAGG \ NH(CH3) OH NH, H ) ‘ 0 : H CH3 N-methyl-glycine S-alanine (VI) acid (Vagg and Williams, 1982a) and S-aspartic acid (Vagg and Williams, 1982b) in these complexes. Each contain a polar side chain capable of internally hydrogen bonding to the coordinated carboxylic group within the amino acid, and it is this hydrogen bond formation which has been suggested as having an overwheming influence on the respective photo- equilibration processes. The observed pH dependence of the equilibrium positions in the S-glutamic and S-aspartic acid systems is consistent with this postulate of bonding. To test the competitive influences of these steric and hydrogen-bonding effects the Ru(II)-bis(diimine) complexes of S-threonine and S-allothreonine were synthesised (Goodwin, Williams, Stephens and Vagg, 1984). These two amino acids ( V ) differ only in the chirality of the 8 -carbon atoms, and hence any discriminatory effects due solely to the steric bulk of their side chains are negated. The crystal structures of the four bipy diastereoisomers provide evidence for intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the S-allo- threonine forms alone. This is consistent with the associated proton NMR and chiroptical analyses, and this structural difference is reflected in their measured chiral discrimination energies. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is thus seen as a significant contributor to discriminatory effects in interactions between chiral molecules. e + \- |Ru(bipy) ,(N¢-Me-S-ala) | N-Substituted Amino Acid Complexes Complexes of the naturally occurring amino acid S-proline demonstrate a high lambda-preference in these Ru-diimine systems (Vagg and Williams, 1984). This easily may be attributed to the severe steric effect which would result from the inherent substitution on the amine nitrogen atom of this acid. Indeed molecular models demonstrate that any substituent on the amine-N atom of an amino acid would have a much higher influence in these systems than the same substituent on the a-carbon atom. This fact may be evidenced in practice from a comparison of the equilibrium ratios of the [Ru(bipy)o(aa)]* complexes with methyl substituents on these two atoms (respectively N-methyl-glycine and S-alanine, VI). The S-alanine complexes demonstrate an equilibrium ratio close to unity, with an energetic eee for the lambda isomer of only 0.52 kJmol7' (Vagg and Williams, 1983). By comparison the corresponding preference, in the N-methyl-glycine system is 2.92 kJmol7! towards the stereoisomers which avoid a substituent-diimine interaction. If the amine-N substituent is increased in bulk to a rigid phenyl group (-CgéHs) this process fone completely selective (Stark et al, 1984). The distributions of isomers in solution at equilibrium in these systems have been determined using a combination of circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. An example of the use of the latter technique is provided by Figure 6 for an equilibrated solution of the N-methyl- glycine complexes. A corresponding spectral investigation of the S-alanine complexes has been reported recently (Vagg and Williams, 1983). In general the electronic shielding or deshielding by the aromatic diimine ligands causes sufficient differences in the observed chemical shifts of the amino acid protons to a + \- |Ru(bipy) (N-Me-S-ala) | Figure 7 Inversion of the absolute configuration Om the coordinated amine-N atom accompanied by proton-deuteron exchange in N-methyl-S-alanine complexes. CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS AND MOLECULAR PROPELLERS allow their unequivocal assignment. For example the well separated resonance signals of the N-methyl groups in Figure 6 (6= 1.5 and 2.1ppm) show an approximate 3:1 ratio which reflects the distribution of the corresponding isomers. Any structural changes or changes in isomeric ratios with time may be similarly followed. An interesting additional discriminatory effect is observed when both the amine-N and a-carbon atoms of an amino acid are substituted. Having four different atoms bonded to it the coordinated methyl- substituted N atom becomes a tnird chiral centre in the molecule. As a result a Secondary chiral discrimination may occur within the amino acid between the two substituent groups along the bond between the amine-N and a-carbon atoms. What is observed, in fact, is the eventual complete selection of isomers which contain these two groups in an anti configuration along this bond (Stark et al, 1984). Isomers which contain these two groups in a syn configuration are observed to undergo inversion at the amine nitrogen atom so as to relieve repulsive interactions along TABLE. i 107 this N-C bond. This process, whicn is accompanied by amine proton exchange, is represented in Figure 7. It would be independent of these present systems and might be expected to occur in any metal complexes containing coordinated N-substituted amino acuds. “The chiral discrimination along this bond becomes an overiding one in these ruthenium systems, and the pronounced repulsion of the N-methyl substituent and the diimine ligand (Fig. 7) results in a Significant delta preference for the ruthenium chiral centre on irradiations This contracts with the lambda preferences observed for unsubstituted S-amino acids mentioned earlier. nome comparative data which demonstrate each of these discriminatory effects are given in Table 1. Glycine, an achiral amino acid, Shows no discrimination with an equilibrium constant of unity as expected. Methyl- substitution of the a-carbon atom to give S- alanine results in a small preference for the lambda propeller. The bulkier amino acid S- tryptophan demonstrates a correspondingly — higher lambda preference which may be increased further by substitution of the \/A Ratios i on photo-equilibration “in aqueous solutions x : together with indicated Chiral Discrimination Energies (kImol oa Amino Acid (aa) * Pe Re glycine H H V-methyl-glycine CH, NV-pheny1-glycine CH. H S-alanine H H CH, NV-methyl-S-alanine CHS H CH, JS-tryptophan H H C HON V-methyl-S-tryptophan CH H CHIN JS-tyrosine H H C HOH a-methyl-S-tyrosine H H C HOH i Refers to the equation: t Completely selective towards g A isomer as defined in 8 A-{Ru(diimine)(aa)}* 2 4 * R diimine K AG eq bipy 1.00 0O H bipy O23h «t2..92 bipy I Tt bipy 1.24 -0.52 bipy 0.62 +1.18 H bipy 2st3 2-)25% phen 4,09 -3.43 H bipy 0.72 +0.69 H bipy ees - 20,51 CH, bipy 2.33 =2.20 hv A-{Ru(diimine)(aa)}° 108 ROBERT S. VAGG TABLE ~2 General Discriminatory Effects of Substitutional Changes in A, t-{Ru(diimine) ,(S-aa)}" Systems Change Replace &ipy by phen Substitute bulky a-side chain Replace a-methine H by CH, group N-methyl substitution N-phenyl substitution Effect Increased A preference (0.5-1.7 kImol +) Increased A preference (1-2 kImol~2 ) Increased A preference (V1.6 kama ) Increased A preference (v1 - 3 anole )* Complete A selectivity* (* At equilibrium isomers with the N-substituent anti to the a- side chain only are observed) Figure 8 Examples of stereoselective proton-deuteron exchange processes in [Ru(bipy)o(S-aa)]"°* complexes. bipyridine ligands by phenanthroline. Even more significant effects are obtained with the N-substituted acids. The magnitude of each of these effects is represented by the chiral discrimination energy values ( AG° ) shown in the Table. In general these energy terms are additive, so that the thermodynamic consequence of any substitutional change in the molecules may be predicted empirically. The general effects of these changes are Summarised in Table 2, which may be used for this predictive purpose. Stereoselective Proton—Deuteron Exchange If any of these amino acid complexes are dissolved in Do50 and stored in the dark an interesting exchange reaction involving the amine protons may be detected using proton-NMR spectroscopy (Vagg and Williams, 1983; 1984). In an unsubstituted amino acid complex of this type the two protons of the coordinated amine group are in different steric and electronic environments. This non-equivalence is reflected in the observed rates of exchange of CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS AND MOLECULAR PROPELLERS 109 these protons with deuterons of the solvent. This exchange reaction is stereoselective with those amine protons feeling the repulsive and electronic deshielding influences of the diimine groups being by far the more labile. As a result stable species are obtained in which each amine nitrogen atom becomes chiral due to mono-substitution of deuterium. In the lambda isomers the chirality induced at the N atom has an R designation; in the delta propellers an 5 absolute configuration is induced (Vagg and Williams, 1984). These exchange reactions are demonstrated in some detail in Figure 8. Corresponding differences in these proton exchange rates are observed also in complexes of the mono-N-substituted acids (Stark et al, 1984). A- [M(bipy),(S-pro)]"" N-B5- [M(2, 2-picchxn ) (S-pro)]"* Fig. 9 The similar steric environments of coordinated S-proline in the complex cations A-[M pars 2a) and A -—B5-[M(R,R-picchxn )(S-pro) ]®* Asterisks show atomic chiral centres in the molecules. The Use of Asymmetric Tetradentates Both the steric preferences and stereo- selective exchange reactions described above are caused by the imposed asymmetric environment of the coordinated amino acids in these species. This is due specifically to the close proximity to the acid of one pyridyl group of a diimine molecule. This environment may be reproduced by the use of other ligands, in particular tetradentates containing a terminal pyridyl group and designed to incorporate this structural feature. As a result discriminatory coordination and stereo- selective reactions should be observable if the two diimine ligands were to be replaced by such a tetradentate molecule. An example of this structural analogy is shown in Figure 9. This change could have the advantage of providing a more rigid molecular topology, if desired, with associated increased Comurou over these discriminating effects. The chirality of the metal atom may be determined by the use of a stereospecific asymmetric tetradentate. Conversely, any photo-lability in the chelates could be used to determine discrimination energy differences between the several topologies that are possible ipiee ct flexible ligand of this type is chosen. The work now has been extended in order to determine the magnitude of the chiral discriminations that are possible with these tetradentate systems. Recently the relatively inflexible ligand N,N'-di(2-picolyl)-1R, 2R- diaminocyclohexane ( picchxn ) has been shown to demonstrate stereospecific coordinating properties, which includes the ability to selectively coordinate S-proline and not R- proline (Goodwin, Vagg and Williams, 1984). This selectivity is seen as having a steric cause, aS demonstrated by Fig. 9, with interaction of the terminal pyridyl group of picchxn and the side chain of R-proline being too severe to allow coordination. The asymmetric nature of the ligand specifically determines the metal propeller configuration as lambda. The asymmetric environment that this ligand provides also has been utilized so as to allow a highly stereoselective synthesis of R-alanine through reaction of a coordinated prochiral bidentate reagent (Goodwin, Mulqi, Williams and Vagg, 1984). The ability to quantify and compare experimentally those factors which influence chiral discriminations in these systems should facilitate the design of ligands for several specific stereochemical purposes. This includes the design of resolving agents in general, stereoselective control of coordination to allow resolution of racemic ligand mixtures and the control: of une stereoselectivity of reactions at coordinated molecules similar to the R-alanine synthesis mentioned above. 110 ROBERT S. VAGG ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The original research described in the latter part of this Address has been carried out in collaboration with two other members of this Society. They are Dr P.A.Williams of University College, Cardiff and Dr F.5S. Stephens of Macquarie University whose contributions are acknowledged here. REFERENCES Alworth, W.A., 1972. STEREOCHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATION IN BIOLOGY. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 311pp. Barnes, Gl., Backhouse, J.k., Dwyer, F.P., and Gyartas, §.G2, 1.955. Studies of tne Diastereoisomeric Effect. Part II. The Redox Potentials of the Systems (+) and (-) Tris-2:2'-Dipyridyl Osmium II /(+) and (-), Tris—2:2'-Dipyridyl Osmium III in the Presence of Optically Active Electrolytes. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 89, 151-156. Bentley, R., 1982. Chemical Methods for the Investigation of Stereochemical Problems in Biology, in STEREOCHEMISTRY, pp. 49-112 . Tamm, Ch. (Ed.). Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. Bernal, [., Hamalton, W.C. sand Reed, dso., 1972. SYMMETRY: A STEREOSCOPIC GUIDE FOR CHEMISTS. W.H.Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 180pp. Cahn, Ris., Ingold, ¢C.K. and Prelog; V.,- 1956. Specification of Asymmetrical Configuration in Organic Chemistry. Experientia, 12, 81- 94. Canny. kes, Ingold. ©.K. and Pretog, Va. 1966. Specification of Molecular Chirality. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 5, 385-415. Cotton, F.A., 1971. CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF GROUP THEORY. 2nd edn. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 386pp. Crave, UP... i974. “Optical ctivaty and Energy Discrimination. Proc. Roy. Aust. Chem. Inst., 41, 1-5 Craig, D.P--and Mellor, D.P.ga1 976. Discriminating Interactions Between Chiral Molecules. Topics in Current Chem., 63, 1- 48. Craig, D.P., 1980. Interactions Between Chiral Molecules: Discriminating Interactions, in HORIZONS IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, pp. 123-140. K.Fukui and B.Pullman (Eds.). D.Reigel Publ. Co., Holland. Dwyer, F.P., 1959. The Future of Inorganic Chemistry in Biology. Aust. J. Sci., 22, 240-247. im Dwyer, F.P., Gyarfas, H.C. and O'Dwyer, M.F., O55: Studies of the Diastereoisomeric Effect. Part I. The Solubilities of (+) and (-) Tris-1:10-phenanthroline Ruthenium II Perchlorates in Solutions Containing Optically Active Ions. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 89, 146-150. Feiser, L.F. and Feiser, M., 1944. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. - D.C.Heath and Co., Boston; pp. 253-256. Gillard, R.D. and Mitenel1, -PoR5s 170 uae Absolute Configuration of Transition Metal Complexes. Structure and Bonding, 7, 46-86. Goodwin, T.J., Mulqi, M.W., Williams, PoA. and Vagge, R.S.j> -<--- -. Chiral Metal Complexes. 18. A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Alanine. Inorg. Chim. Acta (In press) Goodwin, T.J., Vagg, R.S. and Williams, P.A., 1984. Chiral Metal Complexes. 15. Alanine and Proline Complexes of [N,N'-Di(2- picolylL)-1R, 2R-diaminocyclo- hexane |cobalt(III). J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.8.W., 117, 1-6. = an Goodwin, T.J., Williams, P.A.,_Stephens, F-s. and Vagge, R.S., 1984. Chiral Metal Complexes. 12. Chiroptical, ‘H NMR and Crystallographic Studies of the Diastereo- isomers ,_and a —[Ru(diimine)o(S- threonine) ]* and Their S-Allothreonine Analogues. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 88, 179-195. Goodwin, T.J., Williams, P.A. and Vagg, R.S., 1984. Steric Interactions in some Complexes of General Form [Ru(diimine)p(S- aminoacidate)]"*. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1-4. _ a) Kalyanasundaram, K., 1982. Photophysics, Photochemistry and Solar Energy Conversion with Tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and its Analogues. Coord. Chem. Rev., 46, 159-244. Kauffman, G.B., 1974. Alfred Werner's Research on Optically Active Coordination Compounds. Coord. Chem. Rev., 12, 105-149. Kushi, Y., Kuramoto, M.-and Yoneda, He. 976. otructural Study of Optical Resolutions 21 The Crystal Structure of tris(ethylene- diamine)cobalt(III) Bromide d-Tartrate Pentahydrate. Chem. Lett., 135-136. Lambert, J.B., shurvelid,, Tob .,. Verna, slic Cooks, R.G. and Stout, G.H., 19762..0ORGANC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, pp. 317-332. Macmillan Publ. Co. Inc., New York. Mason, 8.F., 1982. MOLECULAR OPTICAL ACTIVITY AND THE CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. Mead, C.A., 1974. Symmetry and Chirality. Topics in Current Chem., 49, 1-88. CHIRAL DISCRIMINATIONS AND MOLECULAR PROPELLERS Uy) Mellor, D.P., 1970. Dwyer's Contribution to Coordination Chemistry, Proc. Roy. Aust. Chem. Inst., 57, 199-208. Saito, Y., 1979. INORGANIC MOLECULAR DISSYMMETRY. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 167pp- Shulman, A. and Dwyer, F.P., 1964. Metal Chelactes in Biological Systems, “in CHELATING AGENTS AND METAL CHELATES, pp. 535-459; Mellor, D.P. and Dwyer, F.P. (eds.). Academic Press, New York. Shunikov, A.V. and Koptsik, V.A., 1974. SYMMETRY IN SCIENCE AND ART. Plenum Press, New York, 42Opp. Stark, A.G., Stephens, F.S., Vagg, R.5S. and Williams, P.A., 1984. Unpublished results. Stephens, F.S., Vagg, R.S. and Williams, P.A., 1983. Chiral Metal Complexes. 7 A Comparison of the Structures of the Two Diastereoisomeric Forms of [Ru(bipy)oL- alanine ]C104.0.5H QO as Determined by Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction. Inorg. Chim. NGtae. 2; 295-20) Testa, B., 1982. The Geometry of Molecules: Basic Principles and Nomenclatures, in STEREOCHEMISTRY, pp. 1-47. Tamm, Ch. (Ed.). Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. School of Chemistry Macquarie University North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113 Vage; Ress and Williams, P.A., 198la. Chiral Metal Complexes. 1. Photochemical Inversion in Ternary Ru(II) Complexes of Diimines and pa vienes Inorg. Chim. Acta, 51, 61- De as Vage, R.S. and Williams, P.A., 1981b. Chiral Metal Complexes. 2. Light-Catalysed Diastereoisomeric Equilibration in Aqueous Solutions of cis-[Ru(phen)o(L-serine)]t and its 2,2'-Bypyridyl Analogues. Inorg. Chim. Acta, D2, 09-(2. : Vagg, Ro. and Williams, P.A., 19824. Chiral Metal Complexes. 3. The pH-Controlled Equilibrium of Diastereoisomeric Pairs of Ternary Cis-Ru(II)-Diimine Complexes with L-Glutamic Acid. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 58, 101-105. Vege, Rens and Willaams, P.A., 19820. Chiral Metal Complexes. 5. Sources of Chiral Discrimination in Aqueous Solutions of the Complexes _A, A-[Ru(diimine)o(L- aspartate) ]° and their Conjugate Acids. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 63, 133-140. Vage, Keos and Williams, P.A., 1989.. Chirad Metal Complexes. 4. Stereoselective Deuterium Exchange at the Coordinated NH Group of L-Alanine. Inorg. Chem., 22, 4355- DDT Vaee, Roose and Williams, PAS, 1984. Unpublished results. (Manuscript received 28.8.84) Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. 117, pp. 113-117, 1984 ISSN 0035-9173/84/020113 — 05 $4.00/ 1 Oligocene and Miocene Volcanic Rocks and Quartzose Sediments of the Southern Tablelands, New South Wales: Definitions of Stratigraphic Units PAUL BISHOP ABSTRACT. Tertiary volcanic rocks and associated quartzose sediments in the Goulburn-Crookwell area of N.S.W. have been important in determining the Cainozoic history of this portion of the Southeast Australian highlands. Six units, the Bevendale Basalt, Hollymount Formation, Wheeo Basalt, Divide Basalt, Bannister Basalt and Pomeroy Basalt, are defined in order to aid discussion of the evolution of this area. INTRODUCT ION Widespread Tertiary basaltic vulcanism in eastern Australia (Wellman and McDougall, 1974a, 1974b) has left many areas with basalt cappings which have been used to reconstruct drainage and tectonic histories (Wellman, 1979, 1980; Bishop and Young, 1980; Young, 1981; Bishop, 1982). The basaltic rocks and associated sediments are critical to our understanding of the drainage and tectonic histories of this portion of the high- lands because these materials have clear relation- ships with former drainage systems, unlike other supposed evidence of ancient drainage systems, such as incised meanders and anomalous tributary junctions (Bishop, 1982). On the portion of the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales (N.S.W.) described here, vulcanism occurred in the Eocene and the Late Oligocene/ Early Miocene (Fig. 1). The remnants of this vulcanism, which constitute part of O'Reilly and Griffin's (1984) Grabben Gullen Province, consist of either narrow lava residuals marking former river valleys and overlying silicified and un- Silicified quartzose fluvial sediments, or broader sheets of the volcanic rocks. The latter are generally found closer to the continental drainage and owe their present sheet geometry to low relief at the divide at the time of extrusion and, possibly, to greater preservation due to distance from the major trunk streams. Away from the divide the volcanics now generally occur as sinuous hill-top remnants, and with their associated sediments (Fig. 1) have been important in deciphering the landscape history cf the area (Bishop, 1984a, 1984b, in press, in prep.; Bishop and Young, 1980; Bishop et al., in prep.; Young, 1981). Most importantly, they demonstrate stability of the divide in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, at least in the Neogene and possibly throughout the Cain- ozoic. This has clear implications for models of highland uplift (e.g. Wellman, 1979; Jones and Veevers, 1982) and for plate tectonic models of the evolution of the southeastern margin of Australia (e.g. Herbert, 1980; Ollier, 1982). As well, identification of silicified Wothofagus wood found in association with the Early Miocene lavas in this area constitutes one of the few Miocene identifications of macrofossils of this genus which so dominates the Tertiary palynological record (Bishop and Bamber, in prep.). The following Late Oligocene and Early Miocene units are defined to facilitate forthcoming discussions of the landscape and vegetation history of this area of the Aust- ralian divide: Bevendale Basalt, Hollymount Formation, Wheeo Basalt, Divide Basalt, Bannister Basalt and Pomeroy Basalt. The lithological descriptions of the Bevendale, Wheeo, Divide and Bannister Basalts are based on four, four, one and eleven major element analyses respectively (S.Y. O'Reilly, pers. comm.; P. Morris, pers. comm.) and these descriptions use the terminology recently proposed formally by Le Maitre (1984). The Pomeroy Basalt has not been analysed and the lithological description is general only, without implying that it is distinctive from any of the analysed samples. Potassium- argon age determinations for the basaltic rocks here described are presented by Wellman and McDougall (1974), Young and Bishop (1980) and Bishop et al. (in prep.) and are shown on Figure 1. All units defined here are undeformed and crop out in the central part of the Goulburn 1:250 000 sheet area (SI 55-12); all grid references are to the Australian Map Grid. DEFINITION OF STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES BEVENDALE BASALT - New name Derivation of Name: Hamlet of Bevendale; grid reference 94507650. Distribution: The unit occurs in dis- continuous, narrow, linear outcrops which run from Mt Martin to Dalton and from Dalton to the junction of the Lachlan and Crookwell Rivers. Type section: The unit is poorly exposed and many outcrops are quite weathered. The type section is weathered but is the thick- est exposure. It is designated as a 70m section on a tributary gully to Jerrara Creek, 3 km N.W. of Mullengrove hamlet, from 96808445 (bottom) to 96458415 (top). The top is the sub-aerial upper surface of the lava and the base is the lowest lava overlying Ordovician phyllite. 114 P. BISHOP BEVENDALE BASALT 08 with intrabasaltic silcrete wo HOLLYMOUNT Sea 0 FORMATION 2 5 04 A WHEEO BASALT = 00 Vv POMEROY BASALT O48 RIVER my a aS Ea Ms DIVIDE BASALT < we ® 96 ° 5 QUARTZOSE SEDIMENT fo) ote C EARLY TO MID TERTIARY BASALT | EARLY EOCENE TO 14,4 EARLY OLIGOCENE a a. AUSTRALIAN MAP GRID (Zone 55) AT 4000m INTERVALS “Narrawa” L 20.5 > WHEEO va 15.0 afe 0 ON . BEVENDALE EST 0122, 0.2 «i 76 0 Cp 72 Ck % - 2 top Blakney Ck 8 19,38 MT MIDGEE | Add? ——= Kéane,. bSq.., Newcastle. In order to gain some biographical appreciation of each person we have consulted a wide variety of sources, both printed and verbal. Where a biography of a person has already been published we include a reference to it, or to the latest if more than one has appeared. Our debt to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, its many authors and its editors is considerable. But we did feel a little surprise at the omission by the "ADB" of persons we considered might have merited inclusion. Some of the people proved particularly tantalising and difficult to track down. With some we must confess failure to elicit any significant details. We should naturally be very grateful to receive any supplementary information, and also corrections, for we recognise that some of our identifications (indicated within square brackets) may be mistaken. Because most of the records of the Societies are hand-written the possibility of mis-interpretation of names and initials has been guarded against as much as possible. Capital I, J, T and S posed a particular problem, and some of the other similar letters, including F and P, and H, W and M also presented difficulties at times. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to many people for assistance with information, including the Archivists of Sydney County Council, Sydney City Council and The University of Sydney. The project would have been impossible without access to the resources of the State Library of New South Wales, the Mitchell Library, the University of Sydney Library, the Registrar-General and the Supreme Court of New South Wales. REFERENCES CLARKE, W.B., 1867. Inaugural Address to the Royal Society of New South Wales. Sydney Morning Herald, 10 July, 1867. MAIDEN, J.H., 1918. A contribution toa histony of the Royal Society of New South Wales. J. and Proce. Roy. Soc. NSW:., 32, 215-356). SMITH, J., 1882. Anniversary Address to the Royal Society of New South Wales. J. and Proc. Roy. SOC. NSW, To, -4=12% ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THE LIST OF MEMBERS ADB Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne Univ. Press. APS Australian Philosophical Society (with period of membership when known). B. Date and place of birth, when known Connolly Connolly, C.N., 1983. -Biographacal Register of the New South Wales Parliament, 1856-1901. ANU Press. D. Date and Place of death, when known. Ford Ford, E.,-1976. Bibliography sor Australian Medicine. Sydney Univ. Press. J&P Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of Ni SW. JRAHS Journal and Proceedings, Royal Austral- ian Historical Society. LSN Linnean Society of New South Wales. PLSN Proceedings, Linnean Society of N.S.W. PSA Philosophical Society of Australasia. PSN Philosophical Society of New South Wales (with date of admission to membership). RSN Royal Society of New South Wales (with period of membership). Tanre Tanre, Con. The Mechanical Eye. Sydney. ? Used where doubt exists or to suggest a possible identification. | Enclose suggested identifications of names when these were not given in full in the original records. MEMBERS OF THE AUSTRALIAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY AND THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF N.S.W. LIST OF MEMBERS AARON, Dr Isaac PSN 13.6.1856; paper, 10.4.1856, "On sanitary netorm, printed SMH 12.9.1856, p.5; SMSA 1+193. Medical practitioner; B. 1804, birmingham, Eng.; d. 178.1877, Sydney. See ADB 1:1. A*BECKETT, Dr Arthur Martin APS 1850, committee 1850. PSN ?. Surgeon to Benevolent Asylum, examiner in medicine, Univ. of Sydney; FRCS; Aust. Museum cttee 1852-55; MLC 1856- 60. B. cl8l2; d. 23.5.1871, Sydney. See Connolly p. 2-3, Heaton p.l. ADAMS, Philip Francis PSN 5.10.1864. RSN 1867-1901. Surveyor-general 1868-1887; astronomer and vigneron. B. 1828, suffotk, Eng.; d. 22.6.1901, Liverpool, NSW. See ADB 3:16. ALLAN, Andrew PSN 13.6.1856. RSN 1867-69. ?Auctioneer in Sydney (SSD) and possibly pioneer landholder Goulburn and Illawarra districts. ALLEN, George APS ?, PSN probably a foundation member. RSN 1867-77. Solicitor and businessman. B. 1800, London, Eng.; d. 3.11.1877, Sydney. See ADB 1:5-7, Connolly p.6-/7. ALLEN, George Wigram APS ?. PSN probably a foundation member. RSN 1867-85. Solicitor, businessman, politician and benefactor. BB. l6:5.1824,. Sydney; ds .23.7.1885, Sydney. See ADB 3:24-25, Connolly p.7, J&P 20:7-8. ALLEN, William Bell PSN 8.9.1858. Soap and candle manufacturer and politician. Be ie zs Inmeleands “ds 5<12.18609, Waverley, NSW. See ADB 3:25-26, Connolly p.7. ALLEYNE, Dr Haynes Gibbes PSN 13.58. 1656. Medical practitioner; a local pioneer of chloroform anaesthesia, 1852. B. cl815, Barbados; d. 9.9.1882, Sydney. See ADB 3:26. ALLWOOD, Rev. Robert PSN 1350.4650.. RSN 1867-91. Anglican clergyman and educationist. d= 2/10. ol, Mennell p.8. B. 24.9.1803, Jamaica; Edgecliff, NSW. See ADB 1:10-11, ARMITAGE, Rev. Frederick PSN 13.86.1856. Anglican clergyman, educationist and philologist; left NSW cl863. Be leo LS27e Yorkshire, Eng. d. 21.12.1906, Hampshire, Eng. See ADB 3:49. ARNHEIM, Edward H[enry], von PSN 21.9.1859'. Surveyor, private, then govt. 1864-79. D. 20.8.1879, Sydney. ASHDOWN, Archibald PSN 827.1857. RSN 1867-69. Manager Australasian Sugar Co., Sydney, c1847-1854; wholesale and retail ironmonger; railways 1867-70. D. accountant NSW 11.6.1898, Woollahra, NSW. ASHWIN, Rev. Forster PSN 13.6; 1856. Anglican clergyman, incumbent of Holy Trinity (Garrison) Church, Millers Point, IS55—565 B.A. -B.. cl824; ds 1912, Norfolk, Eng. 2 BADDELEY, Lieut.-col. [Frederick Henry ] APS TESSOr British army engineer, commanding officer of detachment of Royal Engineers, Sydney, 1850-56, retired 10.6.1856 honorary major-general. [BARKER, Rt. Rev. Frederic] PSN 13.6.1856. Anglican bishop of Sydney. B. l/232.808.. Derbyshire, Eng,: ode 6.451602, Italy, See ADB 3:90-94. BARKER, Thomas PSN 1728.21664. Flour miller and tweed manufacturer; MLA 1856-57. B. d. 1875, Bringelly, NSW. 1799, London, Eng.; See Connolly p. 14-15. BARLOW, A[ndrew] H[enry ] PSN Sad el Soy ss Bank officer and did. politician. By Aug. 1836, Essex, ~ Eng.3 .d. 29.3.1915, Toowong, Qld. See ADB 7:177. BARLOW, James PSN 88.10.1856. Engineer, Australian Gas Light Co., Sydney. D. 1873, Sydney. see A.G.L. Co. History, 183/—-1897,.p. 29. BARNET, James [Johnstone ] PSN 5s VSO). RSN 1867-69. NSW Govt. Architect 1865-90; Australian Museum trustee 1866- 90. See ADB 3:100-102. BARNEY, Lieut.-col. George APS c1850. PSN 1856-62. Military engineer and administrator; Austn. Museum Cttee 1849. Be 19.5.1792, England; d. 16.4.1862, Willoughby, NSW. See ADB 1:60-61. BEAZLEY, Mr. PSN: J10).6.1857". This person may be either: Beazley, Rev. Joseph. Congregational minister in Sydney, 1850s. D. 9.1.1899, Kent, Eng.; OR Beazeley, Alexander. Civil engineer. BEDFORD, [Dr] Edward [Samuel Pickard] PSN 17.8.1864, treasurer 1865-66. Paper: 12.9.1866, "Remarks on the support of the young of marsupial animals in the pouch". RSN 1867-76, treasurer 1867-74. FRCSE; surgeon, public servant and politician. Founder of St Mary's Hospital, Hobart. B. 1809, London, Ene.s ds. 24.2.1876, Sydney. See ADB 3:128-9; J&P 10:11-12. BELISARIO, [Dr] J[ohn] PSN 8.7.1857. RSN 1868-1899. Dental surgeon; pioneered the use of ether anaesthetic in Sydney. B. 1820, Chelltenham, Eng.; d. 17.6.1900, Wavertey, NSW. See ADB 3:132-3. BELL, Charles jnr. PSN 18.7.1860. Draftsman. D. 1869? BELL, Edward PON MIS 261656. ClE.s, MCity, “enounecer. 1851-1870. RON US867=18712? “ClE.4 Moinse: Sydney Municipal Council, BELL, Francis PSN 132821856. Gaba engineer Sydney Municipal Council, 7.9.1879, Petersham, NSW. Moinst eG. Eas city 18707-18785. — 0% 122 A. A. DAY AND J. A. F. DAY BELL, Dr William PON Go soe ISOs s RSN 1869-1871. MoD.’ MRCS. 5 medical practitioner and coroner at Carcoar, Campbelltown-Picton and Sydney. B. cl815; d. 1871. see Ford p.29. BENBOW, George [Frederick ] PSN) 13.6.1050..- Solvemtor. BENNETT, William Christopher PSN 13.26.1856, council 1864-65. Cisya engineer and surveyor; commissioner for roads, NSW, 1862-1889. De Wel aboela., Dublin, Ered; di. 29.9.1889, North Sydney. See ADB 3:142-3; Mennell Bp. 735-6: BENSUSAN, Samuel Levi PSN 11.5.1859. RSN 1869-1905. Merchant and mining promoter. Be clS273 id. Nev: 1917 Ene bands see J&P 52:3. BERNCASTLE, Dr {Julius ] PSN 13.6.0856. Papers: 17.11.1857, "On the use and ‘abuse of tobacco"; 11.6.1]862, “On the cave temples of India" printed in Trans. PSN: 178-191; 17.6.1863, " On snake-bites and their antidotes", printed in Trans. PSN: 191-6. LRCSE, MRCP; physician and surgeon; founder and surgeon of the Sydney Ophthalmic Inst. for Cure of Diseases of the liye. See Lancet 1871.(1):215; Ford p.s29. BERRY, Alexander PSA Sell2 1821. 1856. RSN 1867-1872. Be SOIL 1/81, hire, Nest, NSW. APS 1850, council 1850. PSN Merchant and pastoralist. Scots: d. 17.29.1873, Crows See ADB 1:92-95; J&P 55:xxxiii. BLAKE, James E[1lliott] PSN 9.9.1857, microsc. cttee. Merchant. BLAND, Dr William APS 1850, counerl) 1850" PON | -8. 10.1856. Papers: 8.7.1857, "On sanitary reform" printed in SMSA 2241 %& 555° 6.0.1659,. "On atmotie navigation’. MRCS; medical practitioner. See ADB 1:112-5; Ford pp.39-41. BONAR, Andrew PSN 13.68.1856, microsc.. cttee. =Magistrate. BOULTON, E[dward] B. PON 13 16.6560, BB. cle2te se dodlsoo. BOWMAN, Dr [Robert ] PSN 10.92.1856." MsD.3 eMRCS: medical prac-— titioner. B. PPE S OF Richmond, NSW.; d. 23.5.1872, Richmond, NSW. See ADB 3: 208-9, Ford p.44. BOYD, Dr [Sprott] PSN 8.6.1859, council 1861, microsc, cttee. RSN 1867-1877. LRCSE, M.DiEdin., MRCS surgeon: medical referee for the AMP Society, examiner for Faculty of Med., Univ. Museum Trustee 1862-65. of Sydney; Aust. Dolo .4 902, Enetande BRADRIDGE, Thomas H[enry | PSN 14-57. 1658. Chief draftsman Sydney City Council, 1860s and 1870s. D. 10.11.1878, Woollahra, NSW. See J&P 13:xl. BRADRIDGE, W[illiam] PSN 13.6.1856. Builder and architect. B. c1803; d..18.2.1868, Redfern, NSW. BRANSBY, Spencer [Lasinby ] PSN O72 ghey. Surveyor. B. chel7 aide hovcae Moruya, NSW. BROADHURST, Edward PSN visitor, exhibited photographs 19.12.1850. Barrister and. politician. B. 2.7.1810,) Bathe nec d./.4.1883, Sydney. See ADB 3:234-6; Connolly Dee? BROWN, George William PSN LO. 12, 18562 diustrick. Barcel. Pioneer settler in Dapto BROWN, Henry J[oseph] PSN 1326 856% RSN 1876-1914. Solicitor to A.A. Co., etc.; chairman Newcastle School of Arts. B. cl834; d. 12.8.1914, Newcastle, NSW. See J&P 49:5-6; PLS 40:viii. BROWN, Joseph Lyne PSN 13.6.1856.- Photographer... See Tanre: BROWNE, Capt. H[utchinson] H[othershal1 ] PSN13.6.1856, |‘ microse. ettee: Water police Superintendent, magistrate, agent for immigration, director of Sydney Infirmary, chairman of directors of Aust. General Assurance Co. BUCKLAND, Dr APS 1850. BURDEKIN, Marshall PSN 136.1856; Tal eh de Connolly p.38. Barrister—and politueian. “Be 10.11.1886, Eng; See ADB 32220723. BURGON, Joseph PSN 8.6.1859, microsc. cttee. Surgeon. D. 8.3.1864. BURNELL, H[enry] C[lay] PSN 12.11.1856. Magistrate. CAMPBELL, O[swald] R[ose] PSN 13.6.1856. Artist. Be >-1820; Cul.3 d.. 18.3..1887,° Melbourne, Vitex Baie Jersey, See ADB 3:346- CAPE, W[illiam] T[imothy ] APS 1850. PSN 1856. School headmaster; founder Sydney Mechanics School of Arts. Br 2).10.1806, Surrey, Eng.; d. 14.6.1663> “london: Eng. See ADB 1:209-210; Connolly p.48. CAPPER, Mr APS 1851; paper, 21.5.1851,. “Om sehevappiaie cability of machinery as a means of saving hand labour”, printed ain SMH 23 55.1851) op. 2. CATLELE,, Alrthur] Lliddrard) PSN 13.6.1856. Public servant. Woollahra, NSW. Di. 30-5). SiG; CATLETT, W[illiam] H[enry ] PSN. 1356.18 563 apptd Assistant Secretary Ia aie eisyein resigned 30.4.1877 (from RSN). Professional secretary. D. 26.3.1903, Burwood, NSW. MEMBERS OF THE AUSTRALIAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY AND [23 THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF N.S.W. CLARKE, J[acob] R[ichard ] PSN Eleod. Exhibitor at conversaziones Home 59, 19.12.1860, -6.5.1862, 17.12.1862, of photographs and engravings. Music publisher and bookseller. Be lez2, lainton, Enos dad 227.0898, Waterloo, NSW. See ADB 3:414-5. CLARKE, Samuel PON ale W221 862. CLARKE, Rev. William Branwhite APS 1850, council 1850. PSN 1856, vice-pres. 1858-1866, microsc. cttee. RSN 1867-1878. Papers to PSN: 8.9.1858, "On the present state of the supply of the ores of mercury" SMSA 2:157-161, 170- 73s 20.11.1861, "On some recent’ geological discoveries in Australasia, and the correlation of the Australian formations with those of Europe"; 7.9.1864, "Remarks on [Mr. J. Tebbutt's paper 'On Australian Storms' |", Trans. PSN: los=i7 7: 105.5... 865; "On the transmutation of rocks in Australasia", Trans. PSN: 267-308. Anglican clergyman and geologist; Aust. Museum Cttee/Trustees 1840-1874, chairman 1867. See Grainger, he 1982, 'The Remarkable Reverend Clarke’; ADB 3:420-422; J&P 13:4-23. JRAHS 30(1944). COLLET, Wihildaam| oR. PSN 13.8.1856. Surveyor of roads, NSW Govt, Commissioner 1861-62. D. cl863. See 'The Road- makers' (DMR) pp. 44, 45. COMRIE, James PSN 13.6.1856. RSN 1876-1901. Pastoralist and politician. D. 2.11.1902, Kurrajong, NSW. See Connolly p.60. COOPER, Sir Daniel PSN das Exhibited photographs 8.12.1858; exhibited black lead 16.5.1860. Merchant, phil- anthropist and politician; senator Univ. of Sydney 1857-61 . B. eer S Zils Lancashire, Eng.; d. De 902... London, ~En¢.. See ADB 3:452; Connolly Deno. COOPER, Lieut.-col. [Leonard] Morse PSN 13:6.1856. British army officer. COWLISHAW, James PSN 13.56.1856. Architect and publisher. Be FOP essa, voydney; ds" 25. /.1929,, Brisbane, Qld. See ADB 3:475; Mennell p.108. COWPER, Sir Charles APS 1850, council 1850. PSN ?. Politician. Bee 2ona. loo, | lancashire, Ene:s” ds. 19.10, 1875, London, Eng. See ADB 3:475-9; Connolly p.65. COX, Dr James [Charles] PSN 8.6.1859, council 1866, microsc cttee. RSN 1867-1897. Papers: 9.7.1862, "On the Wambeyan Caves" in Trans. PSN: 197-2043 3.10.1866, "On the genus Trigonia...". M.D.; medical practitioner; the second medical student at Sydney Infirmary 1850-52; shell collector ; Aust. Museum Trustee 1865-1912, chairman 1889-90, president 1890-1912. B. 21.7.1834, Mulgoa, NSW; d.. 29.9.1912, Mosman, NSW. See ADB 3:482-484; Strahan p.4l. CRACKNELL, Edward [Charles] PoN| ©726n1'8652 RSN 1867-1893. Electrical engineer; superintendent of telegraphs, NSW; torpedo expert. B. 1631, Kent, Enos; d. 14.1.1893; Woollahra, NSW. See ADB 3:488-9; J&P 27:3. CREENY, W[illiam] S[ pence] PSN 18.7.1860. Schoolmaster. De L867 “Sit Leonards, NSW. DAINTREY, Edwin PSN: 132621656. Solieitor; D. 30.10. 1687; Randwick, NSW. See PLS 2(n.s.):1089. DALTON, Edwin PSN] T4210.0657 . Artist and photographer. With his brother Edward exhibited at conversaziones 19.12.1860, 12.12.1861, 17.12.1862. See Tanre. DANGAR, Henry Cary PSN 19.9.1860. Barrister, sportsman and politician. Bs 44.641630, Port Stephens; NSWeod: 25.4,1917, Potts Point, NSW. See ADB 4:14-15; Connolly p.75. DAVISON, Simpson PON 136.1856: Pastoralist and gold pioneer. Be -cl@l6,.- Yorkshire, Eno.; d. S61, Varban Creek, NSW. See his book "The discovery and geognosy of gold deposits in Australia", 1860. DAWSON, Alexander PSN 17.10.1860. 1856-1862. Colonial Architect of NSW DEFFELL, George [Hibbert ] PON: 136.4856. RSN 1867-1893. Barrister and judge. Be 3025-1819, London, Ene.5 di 21.09.1695, Tunbridge Wells, Eng. See ADB 4:39; Mennell p.125. DENISON, A[1lfred Robert ] PSN 13.60.1656. Private secretary to Sir Wil- liam Denison. Fellow of founding Senate of the University of Sydney 24.12.1850; Trustee of Aust. Museum 1858-1860. B. 1816; d.1887. DENISON, His Excellency Sir William Thomas PSN 9.5.1856 (founder), president 1856-1860, microsc. cttee. Papers: 9.5.1856, "Development of the railway system in England, with suggestions as to its application to the Colony of NSW", SMSA 1:8- Q; Tolle S562 "On “trrieataon |, SMSA_ 1:140; 8.7.1857, "On the moon's rotation", SMSA 1:43-44; 12.28.1857, “On railways’; SMSA. 1362-68) 2.921856, "On the filtration of water through sand", SMSA 2:73-74; 19.9.1860, "On bridge-building". KCB. Governor General. Be o.5. e045, Tondon, (dno aid. 19.1.1871, Surrey, Eng. See ADB 4:46-53; Trans RSN 623. DICK, Alexander PSN 1321021858; council 1863. SolicLeor, politician and public servant. Examiner of land titles. DD, 2.821867, London, Eng. d. 9:12.1884, Sydney; NSW. See ADB 4:79-80; Connolly p.89. 124 A. A. DAY AND J. A. F. DAY DOUGLASS, Henry Grattan PSA 1821-?. APS 1850-1855, secretary 1850-55. PSN 1856, secretary 1855-57, council 1858. MD, MRIA. Physician; physician to the Sydney Infirmary, Benevolent Asylum, and Female Refuge; member of the senate of the University of Sydney 1856-1865. Be 1790, Dublin, Ire.; d. 1.12.1865, Sydney, NSW. ADB Pe314—316; J&P 55: xxxv; Connolly p.93. DRUITT, Thomas PSN 13.8.1856. Anglican clergyman and school- master. B.21,10.IGE/, Dorset; Eney; d. 30.12.1891, Petersham, NSW. See ADB 4:103. DRURY, Edward Robert PSN 10.26.1657. “Paper: 13.10°1858, “Currency and Banking in NSW", SMSA 2:96-103. Banker and soldier; colonel in Qld. Defence Forces. B. 1832, Brussels, Belg.; d. 3.2.1896, Qld. See ADB 4:104- 5; Mennell p.140. DYER, Joseph PSN 10.6.1857, Publisher. Editor of the Syd- ney Magazine of Science and Art. EDE, Frederick Charles PSN 8.10.1858. Merchant. B. cl806; d. 1869. ELOUIS, Charles PON S66 B50. Office, Royal Branch Mint, Master, Royal Branch Mint, 8.6.1911, Sydney. Superintendent of the Bullion Sydney 1854-68; Deputy Sydney 1868-?. De EWEN, R[obert] Rupert PSN 13.6.1856. Clerk. Appointed Clerk, Dept. of Works 23.4.1860; Railways Dept. 1864. FALKNER, George PSN 8.7.1857, microsc. cttee. FELTON, Thomas PSN 10.9.1856. Artist and photographer. FITZ ROY, Sir Charles Augustus APS 1850-1854, patron 1850-54. Governor- general. B. t0.651796, Derbyshire, Ene.3 d. 16.2. 1858, Piccadilly, Eng. See ADB 1:384-389. FLANAGHAN, Roderick PSN 17.10.1860-1861. Journalist. Wrote "History of New South Wales", London. 2 vols (1860). B. 1.4.1828, Ire; -d. 13.3.1861,, Ene. See ADB 4:185-186. FLAVELLE, John PSN 11.7.1856. RSN 1867-91. Optician, jewel- ler and watchmaker (Flavelle Brothers and Co.); director of Sydney Infirmary 1866-1875. Be 218iho; d. 23.6.1899, Sydney. FORD, William PSN 16.5.1866. Printer and publisher. FORTESCUE, Dr [George] PSN oly Osleo3. RSN 1867-85. MB, FRCS. Medical practitioner. Honorary surgeon Sydney Infirmary 1870-1874; trustee Australian Museum 1869-1875. D. 1.6.1885. See J&P 20:7. FOSS, Ambrose PSN 13.8, 1656). Chemist, druggist and dental surgeon. .B. ¢c1803, Eng.; d. 4.5.16602;, “Sydney FOULIS; Dr [John] PSN. 8. 2.1857. MD. Surgeon. Examiner in medicine for the University of Sydney 1866; appointed assistant surgeon, Suburban Battalion Volunteer Corps 9.9.1861. D. 21.3.1870, Sydney. FOWLER, Francis E[dmund Town] PSN 13.6. 1856, Journalist and author. Wrote for Monitor and SMH. B. 1833, Lendon, -Engsed:. 22.8.1863, London, Eng. See ADB 4:208-9. FOWLES, Joseph PSN- 13.60.1856: AFCISt. Lodge, NSW. See ADB 1:409-10. D. 25.6.1878, Forest FOX, Capt. Henry T[homas ] PSN . 13.06.0856. Master mariner and marine surveyor. B. 31.5.1819,. Enes3) de a 29 Ta eols Burwood, NSW. See ADB 4:210. FREEMAN, James PSN 10.6185; “paper: progress of photography", Photographer. B. 1814, Bath, Eno .sea2 Eng. See ADB 4:220. 8.12.1858.— 2Onesthie printed SMSA 2:136-141. 22 LOCUS 70), FULLERTON, James PSN 13.6.1856. DD. Presbyterian clergyman. B. %1.1.1807,-Ire.; d. 327.1886, Sydney, -NSWee see ADB 4:224., GARDINER, Martin PSN 17.12.1862. RSN 1867-1872. Papers. to PSN: 9.7.1862, "Geometrical researches, in four papers, comprising numerous new theorems’ and porisms and complete solutions’ to celebrated problems", Trans. PSN: 61-126; 12.86.1863. VOn-the correct scientific method of forming railway curves, &c"; 17.8.1864, “On improved” analytic geometry", Trans. PSN: 61-1262 7 2.11864 complete solution of celebrated problem", Trans. PSN: 61-126. Civil engineer and mathematician. GARRAN, Dr Andrew BSNS: GO. le ao;, RSN 2.9.1868-1901. Lily DE Journalist and politician. MLC 1887-1892, 1895- 1901; Assistant Editor SMH 1856-1873, Editor 1873- 1885. B.. 15.11.1825,. London, Enews ade .G..6. oO Darlinghurst, NSW. See ADB 4:233, Connolly p.119- 120% GEE, Mr APS 1850-? Paper, 2.9.1850 on "Dyes" - fixing dyes from Hino bark on woollen cloth. He also exhibited skins of the wild cat suitable for export. GISBORNE, Francis PSN: Visiting ‘speaker, paper: 21.9.18592— “On telegraphic communication with England" also exhibited samples of submarine cables. American; an advocate for trans-oceanic communication cables especially those laid and operated by the company owned by his brother Lionel and himself. GLAISTER, T[homas Skelton] PSN. 1525. 16601. American photographer active in Sydney in 1860s. See Tanre. MEMBERS OF THE AUSTRALIAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY AND 125 THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF N.S.W. GOODLET, John [Hay ] PSN 19.12.1859. RSN 1&67-1913. Timber merchant and benefactor. Bea 22.32 l63on scotland: dae 1551.1914, Sydney, NSW. See ADB 4:263-264; J&P 48:2. GRACE, Charles PSN 213'6.1856. ZI S895, Dubbo. ?Builder and architect. ? D. GRAY, Samuel [William] PON 20.11.1861. RSN 1867-1871. Farmer and politician. MLA 1859-64, 1874-1880, 1882-1885 Kiama, Illawarra and Richmond, resp. Be, l823e Armagh, Ire; d. 19.4.1889, Woollahra, NSW. See Connolly p.130. GREENUP, Dr [Richard] APS ?. PSN ?. Paper: 9.6.1858, "Abridgement book of papers relating to the history and of vaccination presented to Parliament by of the Queen"; MD Camb.; Medical prac- 15231803; Halifax, Engss . di of a practice command titioner. By 17.7.1866, Sydney. GRUNDY, Francis H[enry ] PSN T0:921856. RSN 1875-1879: and surveyor. Civil engineer HAES, Frank PSN PSO. 856), microsc. etLtees Paper: ORI ECD 7 5 "On the waxed-paper process’ of photography". English photographer. See Tanre. HAGAEN, Mr. PSN ?. 19.12.1860, exhibited a debusscope at conversazione. HALE, Thomas PSN. 7.1271864. owner and merchant. NSW, 1857. RONG 12572167 1-168 he Opened coal mine at Coal mine Bellambi, HANSON, William PSN 13.6.1856. Government Printer 1854-1859; alderman on first Randwick municipal council, 1859. HART, James PON 13.36.1656. “Solicitor and politicians MLA 1858-1872 various electorates. B. 1825; d. 1873, Sydney. See MOLA p.94. HAWKINS, Capt. [John Summerfield] RE PONS 137601356. Military engineer, railway surveyor and commissioner. Appointed Railway Commissioner 11.3.1856, resigned Mar 1857. HAY, John PSN ?. RSN 1874-1892. KCMG. Pastoralist and politician. B. 26.6.1816, Aberdeenshire, Scot.; d. 20.1.1892, Rose Bay, NSW. See ADB 4:361-2; Connolly p.1413 PLS 34:2. HAYDON, Henry PON 13.6. 1856% be ele2l sade down, NSW. 1856, Camper- HELLYER, William PSN 18.7.1860. Sydney, NSW. Solicitor. D. 8.1.1885, HERBORN, Ernest [William Lewis] PSN life ean emlliais wir Surveyor to the AA Co. Licensed Surveyor 1.2.1858. D. 6.10.1909, Burwood, NSW. HETZER, William PSN) SEIS G6. 1862. On 192. FS60); exhibited portraits, slides, views, stereos at conversazione. German photographer, arr. NSW 1850. See Tanre. HICKEY, Edwin [Augustus] APS 1850-?. Papers: 2.9.1850, paper on Cedar Occurrence on Now, publ. “an SMH 26.10.0350. gan. 1851, paper on Viticulture in NSW, SMH 18.1.1851. Viticulturalist in Hunter Valley and wine merchant; second pres. of Hunter Valley Vignerons Assocn. HILL, Ed[ward] S[mith] PSN 13.7.1859-1866, council 1864. RSN 1867- 1880 (Life member). Magistrate. CMZS; Trustee of the Aust. Museum 1862-1880. Appointed a Commissioner of the Philadelphia International and Melbourne Intercolonial Exhibitions Commission, NSW, 27.4.1875. D. 1880, probably Rose Bay, NSW. HILL, Francis [William] PSN 12.11.1862. Public Servant. -Apptd clerk, GPO, Sydney 1.1.1855; Chief Clerk of the Letter Branch, NSW Post Office 1.7.1863; Superintendent of the Money Order Office, PMG Dept. 26.6.1865; Controller of the NSW Govt Savings Bank 1.9.71. D. Zs 1OC1S95, Sydney. HILL, Richard PSN 21 S62: Pastoralist and politician. MLC 1880-1895. B. 22.9.1810, Sydney; d. 19.8.1895, Bent St., Sydney. See ADB 4:400-1; MOLA p.99; Connolly p.146-7. HILLY, John F[rederick ] PSN. 1238. 1857. Architect. Baie ClO: edi So, 9.0ee3, Potts Points, Now. HODGSON, Sir Arthur PSN 12. 8.1657. Superintendent A.A. Co. 1860; MLA Qld 1868-1869. 29.6.1818 Hertfordshire, Stratford on Avon, Eng. p.99-100; Connolly p.148. Pastoralist and politician. 1856-1861; MLA NSW 1858- Knighted 1886. B. Ene. 5 de )-24b2.OU2s See ADB 4:405-6; MOLA HODGSON, Charles J. PSN 13.6.1856. Assayer. HOELZEL, Rev. [Herman] ("Dr") PSN W106 9.1856. Rabbi. Hebrew minister in Tasmania 1853-1856, and Sydney 1856-1858. See Porush, J. Aust. Jewish Hist. Soc. 2:172-200 (1945). HOLDEN, George Kenyon APS 1850, council 1850. PSN, council 1856- 1357. RSN 1867-1872. Solicitor and politician. MLC 1856-1861, 1861-1863. Bee l G0Gm s Ene ede 16.4. 18746, Darlinghurst, NSW. See ADB 4:410; Connolly p.150. HOLROYD, [Arthur Todd] APS 1850. RSN 1876-1887. MD, Edin., MB Camb. Physician, explorer and jurist. ibie 1.122.1806, London, Eng.; d. 15.6.188/7, Merrylands, NSW. See ADB 4:411-12; J&P 22:1; Connolly p.152. 126 A. A. DAY AND J. A. F. DAY HOLT, Thomas PSN #13)... S562 RSN 1867-1882. Merchant, timancier cand polaticivans MLC 1868-1883. Ba 14 lolol Yorkshire,. Enoss dig 5.0. 16ce,e Kent, Eng. See ADB 4:414; Connolly p.152-3. HOOD, Thomas H[ood Cockburn] PSN 0,9. 1356; Pastoralist and MLC 1856-1861. politician. HOOPER, Walter PSN 13.60.1856. Roads superintendent, Roads Branch NSW Dept. of Internal Communication 1864. HOSE, Rev. Henry Judge PSN 8.7.1857, council 1859, 1860. Anglican clergyman and mathematics teacher. Warden of St. Paul's College 1856-61. B; 1826, thondon; id: 16.6.1883, Bishops Stortford, Eng. See ADB 4:428, HOUSTON, Dr. Hugh PSN. 13.6, 1856. Surgeon. apothecary Sydney Infirmary 1866. -D. 21.8.1866,; Sydney. Resident surgeon and and Dispensary 1845- See Stokes, p.12. HOUSTON, Dr. [William] Pon O29. 1656.. Sydney. Surgeon. Doo ZAeeily see HUNT, Robert PSN lS eepitsieion RSN practical chemist and first clerk of the Bullion Office; Royal Branch Mint; Sydney 9.7.1653; Aust. Museum trustee 1879-1892. B. 1830; d. 27.9.1892, Sydney. See J&P 27:4. 1878-1892. Apptd HUNTLEY, Alfred [R] PON 8..00. 18560. Engineer to Australian Gas Light Company. D. 12.7.1868, Tarban Point. INGELOW, [George] K[ilgour ] PSN eel 7. 12.1862. Bank manager. Arr. NSW cl857; Manager Oriental Bank; a director of Sydney Tafirmary !860-6L.. .D. 10.86.1865, Sydney. ISAACS, Robert MacIntosh PSN 13.8.1856. Barrister and politician. MLC 1857-1861, MLA Yass Plains 1865. B. 1814, West Indies; d. 26.3.1876, Darlinghurst. See ADB 4:464; Connolly, pl65-6. ISRAEL, Moss PSN 10.9. 1856. (Cowan and Israel). Soap and candle manufacturer JACKSON, Fred[erick] J[ames] PSN 11.6.1862. Secretary. Secretary European Assurance Society 1860s; apptd Sub-Lieutenant, Volunteer Naval Brigade 1869. D. DIE AS ANOS PASS, Darling Point, NSW. JAMES, William PSN ?. Meeting 16.5.1858, exhibited a model of a revolving battery; meeting 17.12.1862, exhibited a new invention for scuttling ships. JENKINS, R[ichard] Lfewis] PSN: 9.92657. RSN 1876 -1883. Sician and pastoralist. MLA 1658-59. B. 1883, Brisbane, Qld. See Connolly p.168. MRCS. Phy- 1815; d. JEVONS, W[illiam] Stanley PSN 13.6.1856. .Papers: 8./.18572 2 Oneasmen, sun-gauge" printed in SMSA 1:58-62; 9.12.1857, "On the formation of clouds" SMSA 1:163-176. Assayer, amateur pioneer meteorologist and _ photographer. Assayer at Royal Branch Mint, Sydney 1854-1859. Returned -to Eneland e359). B. 1835,5 Liverpool, Eng.; d. Aug. 1882, Eng. (drowned). See ADB 4:480- 481. JOHNSON, Richard PSN (1336.1856., Soliettor: JOSEPHSON, Joshua Frey PSN 11.6.1862, treasurer 1864. RSN 1867-1892. Businessman and judge. MLA Braidwood 1864-1869; district court judge 1869-70. B. 1815, Hamburg; d. 26.1.1892, Bellevue Hill, NSW. See ADB 4:492-493; Connolly p.L7o- KEENE, W[illiam] PSN 13.6.1856. Papers 689. 11865,, = -Onemstemne geological position of the petroleum’ coal". Exhibits: 19.12.1860, geological sections of Singleton and Yass, etc; 12.11.1862, an instrument for testing quality of coal mine air. Government Examiner of Coalfields. B.. 1/95,> Baths -Emoeeacds. 2.2.1872, Raymond Terrace, NSW. See ADB 5:5-6; Heaton p.104; Trans RSN 9:2. KEMP, Charles PSN 9.6.1858. Journalist and politician; pro- prietor of Sydney Morning Herald 1841-1853. B. 2.6.1813, London; Eng.;-d. 25.80.1864.) Sydneyor see ADB 2:40-42; Connolly p,1/8-9. KEMP, Rev. C[harles] C[ampbell1 ] PSN-8.6.1859. Anglican clergyman, of Camperdown, Sydney. Be (Pils Presi7 1975) MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY i353 *CHALMERS, Robert Oliver, c/- Ihe Australian Museum, College St., Sydney, NSW, 2000. Pl) (1933: CHANDLER, Garry Anthony, VRD, MRIPA, JP, 5/18 Church St:, Magill, SA, 5072; (1975) CHIVAS, Allan Ross, BSc PhD Syd, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600. (1972) CHOWDHURY, Nazmul Karim, BSc, 34 Keeler St., Carlingford, NSW, 2118. (1974) *CHURCHWARD, John Gordon, BSc Agr, PhD, 12 Glen Shian Lane, Mount Eliza, Vic., 3930. (1935: P2) Australian Atomic (1957: CLANCY, Brian Edward, MSc, PhD, Commission, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2232. P1) COALSTAD, Stanton Ernest, BSc, Marrickville, NSW, 2204. 16 Station St., (1961) *COHEN, Samuel Bernard, MSc, Point Piper, NSW, 2027. 46 Wolseley kd., (1940) COLE, Edward Ritchie, MSc Syd, PhD NSW, FRACI, 7 Wolsten Ave., Turramurra, NSW, 2074. (1940: P2) COLE, Joyce Marie, BSc, murra, NSW, 2074. 7 Wolsten Ave., Turra- (1940: P1) COLE, Trevor William, BE WA, PhD Camb, Peter Nicol Russell Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1978: P1; Pres. 1982) COLLETT, Gordon, BSc, NSW, 2119. (1940) 16 Day Rd., Cheltenham, COLLIER, Margaret A., 135 Highfield Rd., Lindfield, NSW, 2070. (1973) COOK, Alan Cecil, MA PhD Camb, FGS, AMAusIMM, Professor of Geology, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2500. (1968: P2) COOK, James Lindsay, BSc MSc PhD WSW, FAIP, Australian Atomic Energy Commission, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2232. (1982: P1) *CORTIS-JONES, Beverley, MSc, Mt. Keira, NSW, 2500. 19 Medway Drive, (1940) COX, Charles Dixon, BSc DipEd Qld, Forestville, NSW, 2087. (1964) oS. Darley St.., CREELMAN, Robert Auchterlonie, BA MSc, Rd., Epping, NSW, 2121. (1973) 108 Midson *CRESSWICK, John Arthur (1921: P1) CROOK, Keith Alan Waterhouse, MSc Syd, PhD WE, BA ANU, Dept. of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600. (1954: P9) DAVIES, George Frederick, AMIET Lond, 57 Eastern Ave., Kingsford, NSW, 2032. (1952) DAY, Alan Arthur, BSc Syd, PhD Camb, FRAS, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1952: P3; Pres.1965) DE LAUNAY, Paul Beaumont, 50 Moonbie St., Summer Hill, NSW, 2130. (1979) DERRICK, Peter John, BSc PhD ZLond, ARACI, Professor of Physical Chemistry and Head of Dept. of Physical Chemistry, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1983) DOLANSKI, Joseph, BSc, Min Geo Consultant §& Research Services, P.O. Box 77, Tumbi Umbi, NSW, 22612 (1975) *DONEGAN, Henry Arthur James, AM, MSc, ASTC, FRSC, FRACI, MAustIMM, Senior MACS, 18 Hillview St. Sans Souci, NSW, 2219. (1928: P1; Pres.1960) DOWNES, Peter Michael, MASc, Como, WA, 6152. (1975) 9/28 Greenoak Ave., DRAKE, Lawrence Arthur, BA BSc Melb, MA PhD Caltf, Director, Riverview College Observatory, Riverview, NSW, 2066. (1962: P3) DRUMMOND, David Gordon, MSc, PhD, FInstP, 45 Albert Drive, West Killara, NSW, 2071. (1975) *DULHUNTY, John Allan, DSc Syd, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Sydney University, NSW, 2006. (1937: P27; Pres. 1947) EAGLE, Ann Hansi, 1202/349 New South Head Rd., Double Bay, NSW, 2028. (1979) EDWARDS, Robert John, BSc, Grad Dip Appl Geophysics, 205 Davey St., Hobart, Tas., 7000. (1974) ELLISON, Dorothy Jean, MSc, Roseville, NSW, 2069. 45 Victoria St., (1949) EMERY, Hilary May Myvanwy, Qld., 4171. (1965) 53 Byron St., Bulimba, EMMERTON, Henry James, BSc, 37 Wangoola St., Gordon, NSW, 2072. (1940) ENGEL, Brian Adolph, MSc WE, PhD, Dept. of Geology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308. (1961; Pl) EVANS, Philip Richard, BA Oxf, PhD Brtst, FGS, School of Applied Geology, University of N.S.W. Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1968: P2) FACER, Richard Andrew, BSc PhD Syd, AMAusIMM, MGSAn, MAGU, Esso Australia Ltd., G.P.O. Box 4047, Sydney, NSW, 2001. (1965: P3) FAYLE, Rex Dennes Harris, Dip Pharm, P.O. Box 261, Armidale, NSW, 2350. (1961) FELTON, Elizabeth Anne, BSc ANU, FGAA, 8 Nardoo Cres., O'Connor, ACT, 2601. (1977) FERGUSSON, Christopher Lloyd, BA Macq, PhD NE, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3168. (1980: P3) 134 FERGUSSON, Jocelyn, BSc, DipEd, ¢/= Dept. of Geology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351. (1980) FINLAY, Cecily June, BSc Syd, CSIRO, Minerals Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW, 2113. (1975) FLEISCHMANN, Arnold Walter, Park, NSW, 2221, (1956) 5 Erang St., Carss *FLETCHER, Harold Oswald , MSc, 12A Western Rd., Castle Hill, NSW, 2154. (1933) FLOOD, Peter Gerard, BSc, MSc, PhD WE, Dept... of Geology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351.'. (1982) FOLDVARY, Gabor Zoltan, BSc, MSc NWSW, 267 Beau- champ Rd., Matraville, NSW, 2036. (1965: P1) FORD, George William Kinvig, MA Camb, Rd. , Jannali, NSW, 2226. (1974) 133 Wattle FRAZER, Geoffrey Leon, ford, NSW,*2118. 4 Bradley Drive, Carling- (1976) FREEDMAN, Albert, MB BS Syd, FRCP, FRACP, DCH, 57 Darlinghurst Rd., Kings Cross, NSW, 2011. (1984) FRENCH, Oswald Raymond, Hall, -NSW;: 2110. 6 Herberton Ave., Hunters (1951) FROST, Dennis John, Esso Exploration, G.P.O. Box 4047, Sydney, NSW, 2001. (1983) FROST Janet. Patricia,. BA, DipkEd; Kooringal, NSW, 2650. (1977) 9 Panorama St., GAGE, William Henry, 2170. G(1982) P.O. Box 130, Avalon, NSW, *GARRETTY, Michael Duhan, DSc, P.O. Box 217, Toorak, Vic. S142.) ¥(1935%: P2) *GASCOIGNE, Robert Mortimer, PhD, 5 Wahroonga Ave., Wahroonga, NSW, 2076. (1939: P4) GIBBONS, George Studley, MSc Syd, PhD NSW, 8 Marsh Place, Lane Cove, NSW, 2066. (1966: P2; Pres. 1980) GIBSON, Neville Allan, MSc PhD Syd, MRSC, ARIC, 103 Bland St., Ashfield, NSW, 2131. (1942: P6) GILLESPIE, Peter James, BSc BE Syd, 8 Alexander St. Mosman, NSW, 2088. (1977) GLASSON, Kenneth Roderick, BSc PhD Syd, 76 Charles Ave., Minamurra, NSW, 2532. (1948: P1) GLEN, Richard Arthur, BSc, PhD Adel, Geological Survey of 'N.S.W., G.P.0. Box 5288, Sydney; NSW, 2001. (1983: P2) *GOLDING, Henry George, MSc, PhD, Rd. , Lane Cove, NSW, 2066. 361 Burns Bay (195.3: -P6) GOULD, Rodney Edward, BSc, PhD Qld, Jindalee, Qld, 4074. (1973: P3) 17 Jaruplst ©; MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY GOVETT, Gerald James Spurgeon, CEng, DSc Wales, PhD DIC Lond, FIMM, Professor of Geology §& Head of School, School of Applied Geology, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1979) GOW, Neil Neville, BSc, c/- A.M. and S. Canada Minerals Ltd., P.O. Box 238 Toronto-Dominion Centre, Toronto, Ont, M4K 1J3, Canada. (1966) GRANT, John Guerrato, DipEng, Rose Bay, NSW, 2029. 37 Chalayer St., (1961) GRAY, Noel Mackintosh, BSc, Hunters Hill, NSW, 2110. 1 Centenary Ave., (1952) *GRIFFITH, James Langford, BA, MSc, Caringbah, NSW, 2229. 9 Kanoona St., (1952: P17; Pres.1958) GUTMANN, Felix, PhD Vienna, FlInstP, FAIPS, FAIP, 70A Victoria Rd., West Pennant Hills, NSW, 21203.- W(T9AGs, (PA) GUY, Brian Bertram, BSc PhD Syd, 8 Tivoli Ave., Rose Bay, NSW, 2029. (1968: P2) HACKETT, LanzHarry = BSc, 2121. = (1968) 11 High St. , Epping, NSW, *HALL, Norman Frederick Blake, MSc, Ave., Elanora Heights, NSW, 2101. 67 Wookarra (1934) HANCOCK, Harry Sheffield, MSc Syd, Wahroonga, NSW, 2076. (1955) 16 Koora Ave., *HANLON, Frederick Noel, BSc, Mosman, NSW, 2088. (1940: 21/43 Musgrave St., P14; Pres. 1957) HARDIE, John Robert, BSc, FGS, Rd: , Edgecliff, NSW, <202772 26/351 Edgeciare (1979) HARDWICK, Reginald Leslie, MEd, BSc, Grad Dip Hydrogeology, Director of Audio Visual Services, University of Queensland, St. Lucia; Qld, 4067. (1968) HARDY, Clarence James, BSc, PhD, DSc, C Chem, FRIC, MAustIMM, 12 Brassie St., North Bondi, NSW, 2026. (1976) HARPER, Arthur Frederick Alan, AO, MSc, Hon FAIP, FInstP, 23 Bareena Drive, Balgowlah, NSW, 2093; ° €1936:" Pl; Pres, 1959) HAWKINS, David, 50 Beaumont Rd., Killara, NSW, 2071. (1975) HAYDON, Sydney Charles, MA Oxf, PhD Wales, FInst P, FAIP, Professor of Physics, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351.°° (1965) *HAYES,: Daphne, BSc, 108 Elizabeth ‘Bay kde, Elizabeth Bay, NSW, 2011. (1943) HELBY, Robin James, MSc, PhD, 356 Burns Bay Rd., Lane Cove, NSW, 2066. (1966: P3) HODGINS, Reginald William, ASTC, BSc, 71 Kembla St., Wollongong, NSW, 2500. (1967) HODGSON, Jack Dudley, MIE, NSW, 2103. (1982) P.O. Box 389, Mona Vale, MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY 135 HUMPHRIES, John William, BSc, MInstP, 27 Eustace Parade, Killara, NSW, 2071. (1959: Pl; Pres. 1964) JENKINS, Thomas Benjamin Huw, BSc PhD Wales, FGS, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1956) JEZ, Joseph, ARAIA, Heights, NSW, 2224. 57 Young St., Sylvania (1974) JOHNSON, Brian David, BA (Hons), PhD, 17 Douglass Ave., Carlingford, NSW, 2118. (1975) *JOPLIN, Germaine Anne, PhD, DSc, Highway, Lindfield, NSW, 2070. 5/200 Pacific (1935: P10) JONES, The Honourable Barry O., M.P., Minister for Science and Technology, Parliament House, Canberra; ACT, 2600. (1984: P1) JONES, John Clifttord, BSc, PhD Leeds, Flat 2, 21 Bruce St., Toorak, Vic., 3142. (1981) KALOKERINOS, Archivides, MB BS, FACMT, 35 Chaleyer St., Rose Bay, NSW, 2029. (1970) KASTALSKY, Victor, BSc PhD WSW, ASTC, MInstP, MAIP, 51 Kilbride St., Hurlstone Park, NSW, 2195, 7 (1979) KELLY, John Charles, BS .Syd, PhD-Reading, DSc NSW, FInst P, MAIP, MAmPS, 69 Yeramba St., Turramurra, NSW, 2074. (1975) KEMENY, Leslie George, BE Syd, MIE Aust, 21 West- meath Ave., Killarney Heights, NSW, 2087. (1975) KIDD, Susan Elizabeth, BA DipEd, 16 Bowen Ave., Turramurra, NSW, 2074. (1984) KING, David Stephen, BSc Hons, North Ryde, NSW, 2113. 142 Cressy Rd., (19772) Pi2) KING, Haddon Forrester, BAppSc (Min Eng), P.O. Box 47 3 Kaldista, Vic...3791. (1973) KING, Harold Marflet, NSW, 2071. (1974) 20 Beaumont Rd., Killara, KOCH; Leo E., DPhil Habtl, Lindfield, NSW, 2070. 21 Treatts Rd., (1948) KORSCH, Russell John, BSc DipEd PhD WZ, Dept. of Geology, Victoria University of Wellington, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand. (1971: P10) KRYSKO von TRYST, Maren, BSc, GradDip NSW, AMAusIMM, 116 Midson Rd., Epping, NSW, 2121. (1959) LABUTIS, Vidmantas Romualdas, BSc ANU, MSc Macq, c/- Esso Aust. Exploration, 127 Kent St., Sydney, NSW, 2000. (1973) LANDER, John, MB, BS, BSc Med, PhD, 19 Dalton Rd., St. Ives, NSW, 2075. (1977) LASSAK, Erich Vincent, PhD, MSc, BSc Hons, ASTC, Reader in Chemistry, School of Natural Resources, (University of South Pacitic,, P.0.B. LUGS, -suvay ®Piyis »-Cl9642.°P3) LATHAM, John Victor, MB BS, FRACP, Hurstvalle, NSW, 2220. (1981) 39 Woniora Rd., LAU CHI-KIN, Vincent, (1983) LAU, Henry Po Kun, MB BS, FRCPA, Suite 4, Ash-don House, 5/7 Mitchell St., North Ward, Townsville, Qld; 4810. (1979) LAWRANCE, Anthony Bohun, BSc WA, MBA NSW, 4 Yarrawonga Close, Pymble, NSW, 2073. (1980) LAWRENCE, Laurence James, DSc DipCom Syd, PhD NSW, DIC, MAusIMM, 15 Japonica Rd., Epping, NSW, 2121. (1951) LEAVER, Gaynor Eluned, BSc Wales, FGS Lond, 30 Ingalara Ave., Wahroonga, NSW, 2076. (1961) LEITCH, Evan Charles, MSc Auck, PhD WE, FGS, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1980) LEVY, Bernard Henry John, LLB, Bellevue Hill, NSW, 2023. 66 Victoria Rd., (1979) LINDLEY, Ian David, BSc PhD NWSW, Esso Papua New Guinea, P.O. Box 536, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea. (1980: P2) LIONS, Jean Elizabeth, BSc, Pymble, NSW, 2073. 93A Mona Vale Rd., (1940) LOCKWOOD, William Hutton, BSc, North Sydney, NSW, 2060. 129 High St., (1940: P1) LOMB, Nicholas Ralph, BSc, PhD, Sydney Observatory, Observatory Hill, Sydney, NSW, 2000. (1980: P5) LOUGHNAN, Frederick Charles, BSc Syd, PhD DSc NSW, AMAusIMM, School of Applied Geology, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1979 PA) LOW, Angus Henry, MSc DipEd Syd, PhD NSW, School of Mathematics, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1950: P4; Pres. 1967) LOWE, Stephen Paul, BSc, Bradbury, NSW, 2560. 12 Blackbutt Ave., (1974) LOXTON, John Harold, MSc Melb, PhD Camb, of Mathematics, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1974) School LUCAS, James Patrick, Bay, NSW, 2089. 80 Shellcove Rd., Neutral (1971) LYONS, Lawrence Ernest, BA MSc Syd, PhD DSc Lond, FRACI, FAA, Professor of Physical Chemistry, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, 4067. (1948: P3) LYONS, Michael Thomas, Dip Tech (Sc) NWSWIT, MChem NSW, 24 Woorak Cres., Miranda, NSW, 2228. (1974: P1) 136 McAULEY, William John Watson, P.O. Box 16, Church St.., Brighton, Vic, 5186. (1975) McELROY, Clifford Turner, MSc PhD Syd, MAppSc NSW, P.O. Box 34, Willoughby, NSW, 2068. (1949: P2) McGHEE, Moira Elizabeth, NSW, 2218. (1975) 28 Nielson Ave., Carlton, MacKELLAR, Michael John Randal, BSc Agr Syd, BA Hons Oxf, 1 Lewis St., Balgowlah Heights, NSW, 2093. (1968) *McKERN, Howard Hamlet Gordon, MSc, ASTC, FRACI, 10 Beaconsfield Pde. , Lindfield, NSW, 2070. (1943: P12; Pres.1963) McLEAN, Ross Alastair, BSc, PhD, c/- Amoco Canada Petroleum Co. Ltd., Amoco Canada Building, 444 Seventh Ave. S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P OY2, Canada. (1973: P2) MacLEOD, Roy Malcolm, AB Harv, PhD Camb, FRHistS, Professor of History, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1983) McMINN, Andrew, BSc, 36 George St., Sydney, NSW, 2000. Geological Survey of N.S.W., (1981: P1) McNAMARA, Barbara Joyce, MB BS, St., Woollahra, NSW, 2025. Flat 7, 58 Ocean (1943) McNAUGHTON, John Edwin, Palmer, Bruyn and Walpole (Surveyors), 19 Bolton St., Newcastle, NSW, 2300. (1982) MAGEE, Charles Joseph, DSc Agr, 57 Florida Rd., Palm Beach, NSW, 2108. (1947: P2; Pres.1952) MAJSTRENKO, Petro, MSc Copenhagen, Bellevue St., Glebe, NSW, 2037. Flat 8, 41-47 (1966) MALCOLM, Harvey Donald Robert, MSc Syd, PhD Macq, P.O. Box 77, Laurieton, NSW, 2443. (1974: P1) MARTIN, Helene Alice, MSc Adel, PhD NWSW, School of Botany, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1976: P7) MARTIN, Peter Marcus, MSc Agr, PhD, DipEd, Executive Member, N.S.W. Higher Education Board, A.D.C. Building, 189 Kent St., Sydney, NSW, 2000. (1968) MATTOCKS, Julie Margaret, Caringbah, NSW, 2229. 13 Balyata Ave., (1980) MATTOCKS, Kylie Maitland, MB BS, DCP, FRCPA, FRCPath, FAACB, 13 Balyata Ave., Caringbah, NSW, 2229. (1978) MAWSON, Ruth, BA, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113. (1974: P1) MIKULSKI, John, BSc, 2340. (1976) 56 Kyooma St., Tamworth, NSW, MILLER, Desmond, MB, BCh, FFPath S Afr, FRCPA, 29 Clyde St., North Bondi, NSW, 2026. (1981) *MILLERSHIP, William Wreford, BSc MSc Syd, 18 Courallie Ave., Pymble, NSW, 2073. (1940) MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY MITCHELL. Robert Mervyn, BMedSc Otago, MB ChM WZ, FRCS, FRACS, Professor of Surgery, St. George Hospital. Kogarah, NSW, 2217. (1979) MOLLOY, Peter David, BA, MSc, Gordon, NSW, 2072. (1975) 30 Carlotta MONAGHAN, Gregory, MB BS, NSW, 2210. (1984) 4 Maple St., Lugarno, MORGAN, Noel Charles, 2195s — (2973) 21 Page St., Canterbury, NSW, *MORT, Francis George Arnot, (1934) 29 Preston Ave., 2046. MORY, Arthur John, BSc, c/- Geological Survey of Western Australia, 66 Adelaide Terrace, Perth, WA, 6000. (1980: P1) MOSHER, Kenneth George, AM, OBE, ED, BSc, Ave., Killara, NSW, 2071. (1948) 9 -Yirgella MOSKOS, Michael, BE WSW, bridge, NSW, 2063. 21 Baringa Rd., North- (1975) MURRAY, Bede Edward, BA, Keira, NSW, 2500. 15 Spring St., Mount (1969) NAPPER, Donald Harold, MSc Syd, PhD Camb, FRACI, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1973: P1; Pres. 1979) NASHER, Beryl, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Geology, 43 Princeton Ave., Adamstown Heights, NSW, 2289. (1946: P3) NAZER, Roderick Eric, PhD, Monaro Crescent, Red Hill, ACT, 2603. P1) Canberra Grammar School, (1975S: *NEUHAUS, John William George, MSc, 3 Turner Ave., Baulkham Hills, NSW, 2153. ~(1943: -PI;-Pres. 1969) *NEWMAN, Ivor Vickery, PhD, Wahroonga, NSW, 2076. lL Stuart Sea; (1932) NOAKES, Lyndon Charles, OBE, BA, 15 Beagle St., Red Hill, ACT, 2603. (1945: P1) O'KEEFFE, Edward Donald, BSc DipEd Syd, MSc Macq, 22/116 Herring Rd., Eastwood, NSW, 2122. (1984) O'SHEA, Timothy, MSc, BVSc, PhD, Dept. of Physiology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351. (1973) OSBORNE, Robert Armstrong Lee, MSc, DipEd, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1984: P1) 1 Balmoral Rd., (1950) OXENFORD, Reginald Augustus, BSc, Ringwood North, Vic, 3134. PACKHAM, Gordon Howard, BSc PhD Syd, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1951: P4) PARTRIDGE, Alan Douglas, BSc Syd, MSc WSW, c/- Esso Australia Ltd., G.P.O. Box 4047, Sydney, NSW, 2001. (1977) MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY 137 PAWLOFF, Theodora, MD, DOM, MRANZCP, 680 Victoria Rds, Ryde, NSW, 2112, (1979) PEARCE, Marcelle Gordon Ivy, MSc Yelb, C.S.I.R.0O. Division of Applied Physics. p.r. 108 Burns Rd. , Wahroonga, NSW, 2076. (1967) PERRY. Hubert Roy, BSc, P.O. Box 547, Bowral, NSW, 2576. (1948) PHILIP, Graeme Maxwell, PhD Camb, MSc Melb, FGS, MAIMM, Edgeworth David Professor of Geology, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1964: P2) PHILIPP, Donald Henry, BSc, ASTC, 90 Spencer Rd., Kildara, NSW, 2071. (1979) PHIPPS, Charles Verling Gayer, PhD Toronto, BSc Syd, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006. (1960) PICKETT, John William, MSc WE, Dr Phil Nat Frank- furt/M, Geological Survey of N.S.W., Mining Museum, 36 George St., Sydney, NSW, 2000. (1965: P3; Pres. 1974) PISANI, Victor Robert, BAppSc, Centre for Environmental and Urban Studies, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113. (1980) PLIMER, Ian Rutherford, BSc, PhD, Professor of Geology, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308. (1982) POGSON, Ross Edward, DipTechSe NSWIT, BAppSc, 178 Marco Ave., Panania, NSW, 2213. (1979) POLLARD, John Percival, MSc PhD NWSW, DipAppChem Swinburne, 89 Bunarba Rd., Gymea, NSW, 2227. (1963: P1; Pres.1973) POWER, Paul Anthony, BSc Syd, MSc NSW, DipLaw BAB, ARACI, MRSC, CChem, AIArbA, 178 Newland St., Bondi Junction, NSW, 2022. (1980) PROKHOVNIK, Simon Jacques, BA MSc Melb, c/- Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, School of Mathematics, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1956: P4) *PROUD, Sir John Seymour, Kt, BE, Finlay Rd., Turramurra, NSW, 2074. (1945) PROWSE, David Benjamin, BSc, MSc, PhD, 2 Spencer Rd., Killara, NSW, 2071. (1978) PUTTOCK, Alan Maurice, FCA, Messrs. Wylie and Puttock, 39-41 York St., Sydney, NSW, 2000. (1969) PUTTOCK, Maurice James, BSc Eng, MInstP, 2 Montreal Ave., Killara, NSW, 2071. (1960: Pils Pres. 1971) *QUODLING. Florrie Mabel, BSc PhD Syd, The Cotswolds Apartment 22, Curagul Road, North Turramurra, NSW, 2074. (1935: PS) RADE, Janis, MSc, The Rade Stratigraphic Laborat- ory, G.P.O. Box 5440C, Melbourne, Vic, 3001. (1953: P6) RAMM, Eric John, Australian Atomic Energy Commission, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2232. (1959) RANCE, Bruce E., 16 Orana Rd., Kenthurst, NSW, 2154. (1981) RATTIGAN. John Herbert, PhD, 21 Kildare Grove, Killarney Heights, NSW, 2087. (1966: P2) READ, Richard Hoskin, BScAgr Syd, MSc Reading, Dip Air Photo Interpretation, DipInst de Francaise France. Dept. of Agriculture, Minister's Advisory Unit, 11th Floor, McKell Building, Rawson Place, Sydney, NSW, 2000. (1983) REDDECLIFFE, Owen Andrew, BSc, 8 Warrowa Ave., West Pymble, NSW, 2073. (1984) RICE, Thomas Denis, BSc MSc Syd, 5 Harden Rd., Artarmon, NSW, 2064. (1964) RICKARD, Kevin, MB BS, FRACP, FRCPA, MRCPath, FCAP, 117 Blackbutts Rd., French's Forest, NSW, 2086. (1977) RICKWOOD, Peter Cyril, BSc Lond, PhD Cape Toun, CChem, FGS, MRIC, School of Applied Geology, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1974) RIGBY, John Francis, PhD, Geological Survey of Queensland, G.P.O. Box 194, Brisbane, Qld, 4001. (1963) RIGGS, Noel Victor, BSc Adel, PhD Camb, FRACI, Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351. (1961) RILEY, Steven James, BSc PhD Syd, MEngSci, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113. (1969) RITCHIE, Arthur Sinclair, MSc, 18 Madison Drive, Adamstown, NSW, 2289. (1947: P2) ROBBINS, Elizabeth Marie, MSc, 34 Bedford Rd., Woodford, NSW, 2778. (1939: P3) ROBERTS, Herbert Gordon, BSc, c/- P.O, Box 529, Manuka, ACT, 2603. (1957) ROBERTS, John, BSc NE, PhD WA, School of Applied Geology, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033. (1961: PS) ROBERTSON, William Humphrey, BSc, 1 Dunmore St., Epping; NSWye2i21. (19495) P3555 Pres. 1977) ROBERTSON-CUNINGHAME, Robert Clarence, BScAgr Syd, DPhil. Oxy; ,, Chancellor of the University of New England, '"'Gartmore!'', Deepwater, NSW, 2371. (1982) ROBINSON, David Hugh, ASTC, 12 Robert Rd., West Pennant Hills, NSW, 2120. (1951) ROGERSON, BSc PhD Syd, PNG Geological Survey, P.O. Box 778, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. (1979) *ROUNTREE, Phyllis Margaret, DSc Melb, DipBact Lond, 7 Windsor St., Paddington, NSW, 2021. (1945) 138 MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY ROY, Péter Stanton, BSe, PhD, DIC; =16 Hodgson Ave., Cremorne, NSW, 2090. (1976: P1) ROYLE, Harold George, MB BS Syd, 161 Rusden St., Armidale, NSW, (1961) RUNNEGAR, Bruce, DSc, PhD Qld, Department of Geology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351. (1970) RUSSELL, Terence George, BSc Vice NZ, PhD WE, G.P.0O. Box 3505, Sydney, NSW, 2001. (1978: P2) SCHOLER, Harry Albert: Theodore; ME; Unit+2, "Kardinia", 1 Elamang Ave., Kirribilli, NSW, 2061. (1960: P1) SCOTT, Martin Edward, NSW, 2027. (1977) 4 Walker Ave., Edgecliff, SELBY, Esmond John, Box 121; North Ryde, NSW, 2113. Sellby"s Serentiiie btd.,7 P.O (1933) *SHARP, Kenneth Raeburn, BSc, Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation, P.O. Box 356, Cooma North, NSW, 2630. (1948) SHAW, Stirling Edward, BSc WA, PhD WE, FGAA, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113. (1966: PI) SHERWIN, Lawrence, BSc Syd, George St:, Sydney, NSW, 2000. Mining Museum, 36 (1967) SIMS, Kenneth Patrick, BSc, French's Forest, NSW, 2086. 2o Fitzpatrick. AVG... (1950> P20.) SMITH, Valerie D., BSc, P.O. Box 304, Raymond Terrace, NSW, 3234. (1978) SMITH, William Eric, MSc Syd and Oxf, PhD NSW, MinstP, MAIP, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, University of N.S.W., Kensington, NSW, 2033; p.r. 24 Banks Ave., Turramurra, NSW, 2074. (1963: P3; Pres.1970) SMITH-WHITE, William Broderick, MA, 37 Oliver Rd., Roseville, NSW, 2069. (1947: P4; Pres.1962) STAER, Ronald Robert, FRAS, NSW, 2783. (1971) 33 Wallis St., Lawson, STANTON, Richard Limon, MSc PhD Syd, FAA, Professor of Geology, University of New Eng- land, Armidale, NSW, 2351. (1949: P2) STAPLETON, Emeritus Professor Thomas, MA DM BC Oxf, DCH. (RCP&S)s. PROP; FRACP, ) c/= “119 Employment Patterns in Australia, 67 Financial Statements of Society, 76 Flagstaff Formation, 7 Goodwin, Terence J., Vagg, Robert S. and Williams, Peter A., Chiral Metal Complexes.15, 1 Jones, Barry O., Changing Employment Patterns in Australia, 67 Karstification in the Lachlan Fold Belt, 15 Lachlan Area, Palynology of the, 45 Lachlan Fold Belt, N.S.W., 15 Lindley, I.D., Stratigraphic Revision of the Early Carboniferous Flagstaff Formation, Southern New England Belt, NSW, 7 Martin, Helene A., The Stratigraphic Palynology of the Murray Basin in N.S.W. II, 34 Martin, Helene A., The Stratigrphic Palynology of the Murray Basin in N.S.W. III, The Lachlan Area, 45 Members of the Australian Philosophical Society and the Philosophical Society of N.S.W., 119 Members of the Society, December, 1984, 131 Miocene Volcanic Rocks of the Southern Tablelands, 113 Molecular Propellers, 99 Murray Basin, Palynology of the, 34, 45 Murrumbidgee Area, Palynology of the, 34 New England Belt (Southern), N.S.W., 7 Obituaries, 83, 129 Oligocene Volcanic Rocks of Southern Tablelands, Neo Weg, -dile5 Osborne, R.A.L., Multiple Karstification in the Lachlan Fold Belt, N.S.W., 15 Palynology of the Lachlan Area, 45 Palynology of the Murrumbidgee Area, 34 Papua New Guinea, Freshwater Zooplankton in, 63 Perturbation Theory, 53 Philosophical Society of N.S.W., Members of, 119 Presidential Address, 1984, by R.S. Vagg, 99 Proline Complexes, 45 Quartzose Sediments of Southern Tablelands, N.S.W., 113 Reaction Matrix Parameters, Computation of, 53 Rose, E.K.., Cook, J.L. and Clancy, E.K., Computation of Reaction Matrix Parameters, 53 Royal Society of N.S.W. Address at Annual Dinner, 67 Annual Report 1983-84, 71 Medals Awarded, 81 Membership List, December, 1984, 131 Southern Tablelands, N.S.W., Volcanic Rocks and Quartzose Sediments of, 113 Thackaringa area, Broken Hill, 85 Truncated Development, 67 Vagg, Robert S., Chiral Discriminations and Molecular Propellers, 99 Vagg, Robert S., Goodwin, Terence J. and Williams, Peter A., Chiral Metal Complexes. 15, 1 Vlaardingerbroek, Barend, Notes on Freshwater Zooplankton Found in Central Province, Papua New Guinea, 1981-82, 63 Volcanic Rocks of Southern Tablelands, NSW, 113 142 INDEX TO VOLUME 117 Walsh, Robert John, Obituary of, 83 Williams, Peter A., Vagg, Robert S. and Goodwin, Terence J., Chiral Metal Complexes. 15, 1 Willis, I.L., Interpretation of Macroscopic Fold Structures in the Willyama Supergroup of the Thackeringa Area, Broken Hill, N.S.W., 85 Willyama Supergroup, 85 Wood, Harley Weston, Obituary of, 129 Zooplankton (Freshwater) in Papua New Guinea, 63 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES PARTS 1-4 (Nos. 331-334) VOLUME 117 1984 ISSN 0035-9173 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY PO BOX N112, GROSVENOR STREET, NSW 2000 Royal Society of New South Wales OFFICERS FOR 1984-1985 Patrons His EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR NINIAN STEPHEN, A.K., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., K.B.E., K.St.J.. GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF AUSTRALIA HIS EXCELLENCY AIR MARSHALL SIR JAMES ROWLAND, K.B.E.. D.F.C., A.F.C., GOVERNOR OF NEW SOUTH WALES. President R. S. BHATHAL, B.Sc., Ph.D. Vice-Presidents R.S. VAGG R. L. STANTON Ewe COLE B. A. WARREN W. H. ROBERTSON Honorary Secretaries D.S. KING M. KRYSKO v. TRYST Honorary Treasurer A. A. DAY Honorary Librarian F. L. SUTHERLAND Members of Council P. J. DERRICK R. H. READ H.S. HANCOCK M. A. STUBBS-RACE J. H. LOXTON W. J. VAGG R. M. MacLEOD D. E. WINCH New England Representative: S.C. HAYDON CONTENTS Parts 1 and 2 GOODWIN, Terence J.. VAGG, Robert S. and WILLIAMS, Peter A. Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 15. Alanine and Proline Complexes of [N,N -Di(2-picolyl)-1 R, 2R-diaminocyclohexane] cobalt (III) LINDLEY, I. D. Stratigraphic Revision of the Early Carboniferous Flagstaff Formation, Southern New England Belt, N.S.W. OSBORNE, R.A. L. Multiple Karstification in the Lachlan Fold Belt in New South Wales: Reconnaissance Evidence MARTIN, Helene A. The Stratigraphic Palynology of the Murray Basin in New South Wales. II. The Murrumbidgee Area. MARTIN, Helene A. The Stratigraphic Palynology of the Murray Basin in New South Wales. III. The Lachlan Area. COOK, J. L., ROSE, E. K. and CLANCY, B. E. Computation of Reaction Matrix Parameters by Perturbation Theory VLAARDINGERBROEK, Barend Notes on Freshwater Zooplankton Found in Central Province, Papua New Guinea, 1981-2 JONES, Hon. Barry O. Changing Employment Patterns and Truncated Development in Australia (Address on the Occasion of the Annual Dinner of the Royal Society of N.S.W., 21st March, 1984) ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR ENDED 3lst March, 1984 Parts 3 and 4 WILLIS, I. L. Interpretation of Macroscopic Fold Structures in the Willyama Supergroup of the Thackaringa Area, Broken Hill, N.S.W. VAGG, Robert S. Chiral Discrimination and Molecular Propellers BISHOP, Paul Oligocene and Miocene Volcanic Rocks and Quartzose Sediments of the Southern Tablelands, New South Wales: Definitions of Stratigraphic Units DAY, A. A. and DAY, J. A. F. A Biographical Register of Members of the Australian Philosophical Society (1850-55) and the Philosophical Society of New South Wales (1856-66). Part I. OBITUARIES MEMBERSHIP LIST, December, 1984 INDEX Dates of publication: Parts 1 and 2: August 6, 1984 Parts 3 and 4: December 30, 1984 35 45 53 63 67 71 85 99 113 119 129 3] 14] . Ye NOTICE TO AUTHORS A “Style Guide to Authors” is available from the Honorary Secretary, Royal Society of New South Wales, PO Box N112, Grosvenor Street, NSW 2000, and intending authors ust read the guide before preparing their manu- script for review. The more important requirements are summarized below. GENERAL Manuscripts should be addressed to the Honorary Secretary (address given above). 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Details of the requirements for text production will be supplied with the format paper. Reprints. An author who is a member of the Society will receive a number of reprints of his paper free. Anauthor who is not a member of the Society may purchase reprints. a i iil Contents iin 4900 VOLUME 117, PARTS 3 and 4 WILLIS, I. L. Interpretation of Macroscopic Fold Structures in the Willyama Supergroup of the Thackaringa Area, Broken Hill, N.S.W. VAGG, Robert S. Chiral Discriminations and Molecular Propellers BISHOP, Paul Oligocene and Miocene Volcanic Rocks and Quartzose Sediments of the Southern Tablelands, New South Wales: Definitions of Stratigraphic Units DAY, A. A. and DAY, J. A. F. A Biographical Register of Members of the Australian Philosophical Society (1850-55) and the Philosophical Society of New South Wales (1856-66). Part I. OBITUARIES MEMBERSHIP LIST, December, 1984 INDEX 85 99 [ea Diamond Press, 66 O'Riordan St, Alexandria, Sydney. Or