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The journal of the Linnean Society of London
Linnean Society of London
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THE
JOURNAL
OP
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
BOTANT.
VOL. XXXII.
LONDON:
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APAETMENTS, BURLINaTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, W.,
AKD BY
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,
AND
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
1896.
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Lis]
Issued complete, 2nd November, 1896.
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LIST OF PAPERS.
FAGS
Druce, Qborgs Claridgb, F.L.S.
On a New Species of Grass, Bromus ttUerrupttts, in Britain .« 426-430
Dtbr, W. T. Thiselton, C.M.a, C.I.E., F.RS., F.L.S. (see Weight, C. H.).
Eluot, G. F. Scott, F.L.S.
A Bevision of the Gknus Pentas 431-438
Geben, Professor Rbtnolds, D.Sc, F.RS., F.L.S. (see Seward, A. C).
Lowe, K J., F.RS., F.L.S.
On Discoveries Besolting from the Division of a Prothallns of a Variety of Scolapendriwn vulgare, Sm. (With Process Block.) 629-639
Mueller, Dr. Johanv, F.M.L.S.
Lichenes Colensoani a Beverendias. Colenso in Nov& ZelandiA septentrionali prope Napier lecti, et nuperius missi, in Herbario Beg. Kewensi servati 197-208
Murray, George, F.L.S. (see Weber van Bosse).
BiDLET, Mr. Henrt Nicholas, M.A., F.L.S.
Cyrtandrace® Malayenses 497-628
The Orchidese and Apostasiacese of the Malay Peninsula 213-416
BoLFE, R Allen, AL.S.
A Bevision of the Genus Fani^ 439-478
Seward, Mr. A C.
A New Species ci Conifer, PinUes Ruffordiy from the English Wealden Formation. (Communicated by Professor Beynolds Green, D.Sc., F.RS., F.L.S.) (Plates II. and IIL) 417-426
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Staff, Dr. Otto.
On the Structure of the Female Flower and Fruit of Sararanga nnuata, HemsL (Fandanaoese), with an Amended Description of the Qenus and the Species by W. Botting Hemsley. (Communicated by the President.) (Plates IV.-VIL) 479-489
WlBKB VAN BOSSB, MtB.
On a New Genus of Siphonean Algsd, FseudococUun^ (Ck)mmunicated by George Murray, F.L.S.) (Plate I.) 209-212
Williams, Frederic N., F.L.S.
A Bevision of the QeaoB SUmiey Linn 1-196
Wright, Charles Henrt.
On the Genus StemonOy Lour. (Communicated by W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., CLE., F.RS., F.L.S.) 490-496
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ERRATA
Page 76, ,. 77, 120, 168, 214, 215, 224,, 260, 278,
, 449,
, 468,
., 491,
, 498,
, 4©8,
line 6 (from bottom), far I nk read 1 think.
„ 21, for MUiTDiAKA read Muia>iAirA.
» 8, far KOT80HTI read KOT8OHTI.
„ 24, far PBnreuii read Pbinglbi.
„ 3 (£rom bottom), for clandestium read elandestinum.
„ 9, for Calogyne read Codogyne,
„ 23, /of* L. nenrosa read X. iMroo«a.
„ 18, for D. Mtfoidftitm read D. .BrieniamMn.
„ 23, far TBEfoumc read TBivoLnrM. last line, for Dipidium read Dipodium. line 8 (from bottom), for longibbaotata read lon0i-
BBAOTBATA.
„ 16, for Phacelnopeie read PhaUenopsie.
,, 17, for Ser. ii. read Ser. II.
„ 8, for Miq. reeu^ Franch. & SaT.
„ 30, for Didymoroarpui read Didymooarpus.
„ 32, for eemitata read ee/mUorta,
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Vll
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Flatb
I. Pbhtdoooditm Di.Ybibbbi, Bo68e.
H-lTo illustnto Mr. Seward's paper on Pikitbs BimoRDi, in. J Seward. IV. >
V. 1 To illustrate Dr. Otto Stapf 'b paper on the female flower of YI. I Sababanga 8IKU08A, Hemsl.
7n.-
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THE JOURNAL
OP
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,
A Bevision of the Genns Silene, Linn. Bj Frbdbric N. Williams, F.L.S.
[Bead 20th June, 1895.]
I. Systematio Affinities of Silene with other Genera, p. 1.
n. Subdiyision of the Gl^nus into Groups, p. 12. in. Plan and Scope of this Beyision, p. 19. lY. Classified List of the Species, p. 23.
y. Systematic Enumeration of the Species, p. 38.
I. Systematic Affinities of Silene with other Genera.
As long ago as the year 1813 the elder De CandoUe* recommended to botanists in search of a sabject the genns Silene as the subject for a monograph, and in 1824 one appeared in the first volume of De Candolle's * Prodromns.'f This, however, was not the work of De Candolle himself, bnt was undertaken at his suggestion by Adolph Otth, and is an undiscriminating catalogue of the then known forms, rather than a monograph in the proper sense of the word. In this enumera- tion, not only are series of the same species under different names given in different sections of the genus, but the diagnoses are so short and meagre, that they are quite useless for satis- factory determination of the species. Up to the time of the publication of Paul Bohrbach's monograph in 1868, no botanist since Otth had undertaken a revision of the entire genus, since
* Oat Fl. Hort. Bot. Monspeliensis, p. 146. t Prodr., i, p. 367. LINN. JOUEN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. B
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Z MR. F. M. WILLIAMS ON THE GRNUS SILENE.
the valuable eontribations to onr knowledge of the genus hj Godron,* Willkomm,t and more especially Boissier,^ dealt with the species of definite geographical areas; and the pro- visional schemes of classification put forward by each of them^ as well as their grouping of species, were based on what appeared to be the primary qharacters, not of the known species of the whole genas, but of those which were found within a definite area. On account of the great number of species which were described after the publication of the first volume of the * Prodix)mu8,* the literature of which was scattered in various works in many languages, it became very desirable, as Rohrbach says, in spite of the difficulties of the subject, that a revision of the genus in the form of a systematic monograph should be undertaken by a botanist who was willing- to devote time and labour to the work, both in examining the material, in overhauling and collating the authorities, and in bringing together and codifying on a uniform plan the scattered descriptions of the species.
It is more than a quarter of a century since Paul Rohrbach (whose early death from consumption cut short a promising career and was a great loss to science), at the suggestion of Grisebach and under the direction of Alexander Braun, enriched systematic botany with an elaborate analysis of the genus Stlene, It would be beside my purpose to expatiate on the merits of this memoir, and it is with much diffidence that I have essayed to revise it. Since 1868 a large number of new species have been described (especially from Eastern countries), and much material for the elucidation of previously described species has been accumulated and in part examined : the re-adjustment of groups of species has proceeded with the esamination of new material : the affinities of species among themselves, both in their relation to systematic position and to geographical distribution, have been more critically studied: and in a matter subsidiary to these, in the direction of precision and uniformity, conflicting schools of nomenclature have for- mulated and codified their rules, requiring here and there a cban£(o of name ; so that in a revision of the genus, much has to l)e le-considered.
• Obs. crit. 8ur Tinflor. du genre Silene (1847).
t Ic. Descr. PI. Not. Crit. Ear. Hispani©, i, p. 73 (1853).
J Fl. OrientaliB, i, pi . 667-667 (1867).
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENLS SILGNE. S
The question as to whether Silenacesd and Alsinaceae should be considered as distinct nataral orders or as suborders of GaryophjUaceeB need not be discussed, as it would be outside the scope of the present memoir. Garuel, in the continuation of Parlatore's 'Flora Italiana,'* substitutes the name Dianthaceao for GarjophyllaceaB, which is quite feasible, as being founded on the best known genus of the order, instead of on the somewhat fanciful name of one of the species of that genus, widely known under various forms iu cultivation, but not very widely distributed as an indigenous plant.
The division of the suborder SilenesB proposed by Alexander Braunf (and generally accepted by botanists), on the presence or absence of commissural nerves in the calyx, I regard as satisfactory and natural ; but I would consider this character as a secondary factor in the grouping of genera after the primary division into the tribes of Diantheas and LychnideeB, based on the character of the seeds, — a modification introduced by Boissier in his conspectus of the genera in the ' Flora Orientalis,' and followed by Willkomm in the ' Prodromus Florsd Hispanicae.' This modification has the further recom- mendation of dispensing with the obscure and uncertain character of the mode of overlapping of petals in praefloration. The mode of overlapping is certainly not constant within the limits of the same genus. As to Brauu's cardinal character derived fi-om the nervation of the calyx, it does not seem to be absolutely constant. Schott J has shown that in Viscaria alpina (i.e.. Lychnis alpina, Linn.) the commissural nerves of the calyx are wanting, and for this reason he proposed the species as the type of an intermediate genus Liponeurum. The same objection was urged against including Cucubalus Pumilio^ Linn., in SUeney but the nervation of the calyx in this species is at best very faint and indistinct, and the rudiments of commissural nerves are clearly evident at the base, more especially on the inner surface in the dried plant. This latter plant, however, shows more affinity with some species of Saponaria than does Viscaria alpina, which differs from typical forms of Viscaria only in this one characteristic. In comparing Viscaria alpina with F. vulgaris (a plant found at low-lying stations), though
• Vol. ix, p. 239(1892). t Flora (1843), i, p. 303. X Analecta Botanica, i, p. 55.
B 2
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4 MB. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENB.
they are closely allied to one another and ongbt certainly to be inclnded in the same genns, they are readily distinguishable as species ; and it would be an unnatural separation to transfer the former to another group altogether, or to set ifc up as the type of a new genus. Then, again, we have Braun's observa- tions from living specimens, in which faint commissural nerves are sometimes to be found, and at other times the nerve loses its commissural character by bifurcating at the base of the calyx into two branches, so that each segment of the calyx appears to have three nerves. Here, then, is a fresh proof, if one were needed, for the maintenance of the position that within the limits of the same group of plants, the classifi- catory value of a character, often of more than generic importance in single genera, at the most made use of for the discrimination of species, can be even altogether worthless, without thereby undervaluing its importance as a character for separating groups of species. Moreover, a similar anomalous exception occurs sometimes in Drypis spinoaa.
I here propose the names of '' Silenoideas ** and *' Gypso- philoideae" for the two subtribes of Lychnidea. The sub- order " SOenoideee *' of Engler and Prantl* is co-extensive and synonymous with the suborder ** Silenineao " in the classification and conspectus of genera as given at the end of this introduc- tion. In this terminology of groups I have followed a general suggestion made by Mr. E. M. Holmes at the International Botanical Congress of Genoa in 1892.
I will now discuss the distinguishing characters of the group of genera included in the subtribe Silenoidece. What are they ? As in other groups or divisions, the usual answer to the question is that all species which agree in essential characters should belong to one genns. But what these essential characters or distinguishing marks in any particular group may be, will depend most frequently on the critical judgment of the individual botanist. Nageli lays it down that for any particular plant that character is to be considered as primary and essential which is shown to be constant. In known relationships, Nageli is right: a constant character is at the same time an essential one ; but the question is, whether it is in general essential to the conception of the organism as a plant, or rather as characteristic of the order, the tribe, the * Die NatiLrlichen PflanzenfamilieD, Theil ill (1889), 1 b, p. 69.
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 5
genus, or the species. Thus the presence of chlorophyll is essential to the structure of the higher plants, hut green leaves do not constitute an essential character in the natural order or the genus. There can be, therefore, constant characters, which, in spite of their constancy, are not essential to the appreciation of affinities, or for the grouping of species and of genera, and which in fact need not imply that they are in any way related to one another. Generally we can, as Nageii very rightly remarks, say that there is no character, however important it may seem to be, whether morphological or physiological, which is of necessity of systematic value. In each grade we must rather decide by analogy and by demonstration, what characters in this particular grade of subdivision are of systematic value in their relation to the grouping of genera or of species. Let us then apply the methods of these theoretical " points d'appui " to the group of genera comprised within the subtribe of SilenoidecB (i.e., the tribe Lychnidece of Braun). If we look about, in various series of species which seem to fall into more or less natural groups, for that character in the floral organs which, constant in certain groups of species, can be used for the larger grouping of genera, the one that more especially suggests itself, after eicamining the points of resemblance in several series of species, is the structure of the fruit. The following points are obvious and worthy of notice : —
(1) The nature of the fruit ; whether a berry (Gucuhalus)^ or a capsule.
(2) The relative position of the carpels to the segments of the floral envelope; whether alternate with the lobes of the calyx (Jlehelinia and Agrostemma, in which also the indicated segments of the capsule are isomerous and never oligomerous), or whether they are opposite to them.
(3) The manner of dehiscence of the capsule ; whether circum- scissile somewhat in the form of a pyxidium (Drypis)^ or by teeth as many {Goronaria^ Viscaria), or twice as many {Sileney Melandryum)y as the styles.
(4) The internal structure of the capsule ; whether without (Lychnis, Coronaria), or with dissepiments (Eudianths^ Silene).
To these may be added that the carpophore is very short in Brypis and Jlehelinia, and absent in Agrostemma, and that Uebelinia is further distinguished from the latter in the clawa of the petals being without lamellated margins.
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6 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENK.
The characters which are thus selected for the pnrpose of gronping allied genera are of primary importance; to these may be added two genera widely diverse from one another, but which are apparently of lower grade in differentiation, and the species of which by some systematic botanists would be very properly distributed among one or more of the other genera. These are — Peirocoptis and Heliosperma, The first is evidently very near Goronaria; the species of the other combine the unilocular capsule of Melandryum with the habit of Silene, The salient character of both is found in the morphological character of the seeds, which after all is of specific rather than of generic value. Though the presence of an appendix or ligule at the junction of the claw with the blade of the petal is of subordinate specific importance, we find that the petals are imbricate (in the narrow sense) in praBfloration in the case of Petrocoptis, while in Goronaria they are strictly convolute in prsBfloration.
In the delimitation of genera and transference of groups of species which have taken place from time to time in the suborder Sileninese, no genus has probably received such rough handling and mutilation, more particularly at the hands of critical isystematists in continental floras, as the genus Lychnis, Even in an attenuated Linnean sense it is not so much as admitted into some of the German floras ; while the compilers of various English floras, rather than introduce strange names into their lists of genera, have indefensibly enriched Silene at its expense.
The only absolute difference between Silene and Lychnis, as defined by Linnaeus, was that the former had three styles, and the latter five; and Agrostemma is only distinguished from Lychnis in having the lamina of the petal undivided. However, as the species of these three genera came to be more carefully studied, it was soon apparent that they should either be fused in one genus and broken up into natural sections, or that new genera should be formed out of them, in which the number of the styles should be considered as a character of very secondary importance, and in which the general structure of the ovary and capsule should determine the grouping of the species.
A unilocular capsule, occasionally pluriiocular at the base, is characteristic of the natural order Caryophyllaceaa ; and this character has been selected for grouping the species of Silenoideo (after eliminating the genus Cucuhalus) into two other primary
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MB. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENDS SILENE. 7
sabdivisions — those in which the capsule is truly nnilocalar, and those in which the capsale has remains of dissepiments at the base. The latter will include most of the species hitherto included in Silene^ and exclude such species as S, nodifiora and nirginicdy Linn., for which (with some species of Lychnis) the genus Melandryum^ was founded by Bohling in 1812. The former will include Lychnis, in a very limited sense, and Agrostemmay and also the Linnean genus Coronaria, which was proposed in the first and second editions of ' Genera Plantarum,'t but fused with Agrostemma in Species Plantarum. In following np the secondary subdivisions of these two main groups, we will notice first the affinities of the Lychnis group, and then the affinities of the SUene group.
In Agrostemma Oithago J the carpids are alternate with the teeth of the calyx, in Lychnis chalcedonica they are opposite to them ; this is a more natural distinguishing character between the two genera than the segmentation of the petal. Moreover, in the former species, there is an indication of segmentation in the emarginate petals. In L, chalcedonica again, which may be considered a typical species of the genus, the dehiscent capsule is 5-dentate (isomerous with the styles) ; in Rdhling's genus Melandryum, which includes L, dioica, Linn., and L, didinis. Lag., as well as those species of Silene in which the capsule is unilocular, the teeth of the dehiscent capsule are twice as many as the styles (dimerous). The genus J7eZia«penna,§ which branches off, as it were, from Melandryum (both having common characters which separate them from Lychnis proper), was founded by Beichenbach in 1841 on Silene quadrifida, Linn., to include those species of SUene in which the capsule is unilocular and dehisces by twice as many teeth as there are styles, and in which the seeds are crested on the dorsal surface. A. Braun further circumscribed the limits of Lychnis by including in his gennsPetrocoptisW two Pyrenean species. If. nwmwwZarta, Lapeyr., and Sil&nopsis Lagasc<B, Willk., which have imbricated petals,
* The name of this genus is frequently spelled Melandrium ; bat the name is borrowed from Pliny, who spells it as Melandryum in bis Natural History.
t Ed. 1, p. 185, n. 380; ed. 2, p. 200, n. 450.
X Cosson regards this as a quasi-cultirated form, of which the tjpe it the Anatolian A. yraeile, Boiss. There are no other species known.
§ Beichb., Bepert. Herb., p. 206.
II Flora (1843), p. 370.
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8 ME. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENK.
and seeds bearded at the hilam. With the view of still further restiicting the significance of Lychnis, he also* proposed to revive the Linnean genns Coronaria, which, as far as the Enropean species of Lychnis are concerned, would include L. Coronaria, Lam. (Agrostemma Coronaria, Linn.), L, CyriUir Bicliter, and L. sihirica. So that this wo aid leave the genus Lychnis represented in Europe solely by L. chalcedonica of Russia. Coronaria glabra, etc., of ' Hort. Upsal.,' p. 115, having capsules plurilocular at the base, is to be referred to the Silene group, and is the species on which Reichenbach founded his genus Eudianthe.
The genus Coronaria, which it is proposed to revive, is thus defined by Linnrous: — ^^ Calyx, Perianthium monophyllum, clavceforme, striatum, erectum, coriaceum, 5-angulare, 5-den- tatum, persistens : angulis minoribus interjectis. Corolla. Petala 5 : ungues longit. calycis, margine aucti : limbus planus,, speciosus : bracteae cordataa : nectarium componitur ex 2 denticulis in singuli petali coUo enatis. Stamina. Filamenta 10, longit. tubi coroUsB, altema seriora, singulo ungui petalorum singulum insidens ; anther® incumbent«s. Pistillum. Oermen subcylindraceum. Styli 5, distantes, erecti, longit. staminum. Stigmata simplicia. Pericarpium. Capsula cylindracea, unilo- cularis, apice dehiscens. Semina plurima, subrotunda.*' This genus has been taken up by Garcke in the successive editions of 'Deutschlands Flora,' who uses it in very much the same sense as A. Braun. Engler and Prantlf divide Lychnis into two subgenera, Eu-lychnis and Coronaria. If we consider each of these as a genus. Lychnis in this very limited sense will almost exactly correspond with the Hedone J of Loureiro, who recorded L, coronata under the name of Hedone sinensis.
We come now to the SilsTie group, including the species in which the capsule is plurilocular at the base. The species referable to this group can be divided into two sections : — (1) those in which the capsule dehisces by twice as many teeth as there are styles, and which include Silene, Linn, (sensd limitato),. and some species of Lychnis with plurilocular capsules, for which Reichenbach proposed the genus Eudianthe § ; and
• Flora (1843), p. 868.
t Die Nattlrlichen PfbDzenfamilien, Theil iii (1889), lb, p. 78.
t Fl. Cochinch., p. 351.
§ Nom., p. 206(1841).
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ME. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 9
(2) those species in which the capsular teeth are isomerous with the styles, and which comprise the genus Viscaria of Bohling. If species which haye five styles are ezclnded from Silene^ it would be better perhaps to include Polyschemone nivalis, Sohott {Lychnis nividis. Kit.), in Eudicmthe, though Eohrbach in his monograph has preferred to retain this species bjs well as Agrostemma Gceli-rosa* in SHene. As long ago as 1825, Eobert Sweet, in discussing the affinities of the plant now known as Hdiosperma aVpesbre^ remarked that the genus iSilene was very much overgrown, and threw out the suggestion that ''those (species) with an inflated calyx will probably form another natural genus." Though the disintegration of such genera as Silene has not proceeded on the lines indicated by this distin* guished horticulturist, and though superficial and obvious characters such as the structure of the floral envelope have not been considered of generic importance, a study of essential characters in definite groups of species only emphasizes still more what Fries said, that it is a '* genus vastissimum undiquo ad reliqua radios emittens.*' f
Turning to the subtribe of Gypsophileae, we find that in the species of Vaccaria only are there dissepiments at the base of the capsule, and that Aca'fUhophophyllum X (with which should now be united Bunge*s genus AUochrusa) is alone distinguished from the others in having a subindehiscent capsule, and like Drypis opens irregularly by circumscissile rupture. These subsidiary characters only show how genera artificially or arbitrarily delimitated tend to intergrade with, even if they da not sometimes overlap, one another. It would be outside the scope of our subject to discuss the affinities of Saponaria and Qypsophila, though if one were sunk in the other, which would be quite feasible, the necessity for earmarking any characters as difierential would be removed. A connecting link between Oypsophila and the Dianthece is Oypsophila ortegioidesy Boiss., but what is to become of this species I do not know. It con- stitutes the section Phryna in Boissier*s grouping of the oriental species; as the Greek name suggests an outcast, it might have to become the type of a new genus. Lastly, in the
* Linn., Sp. Plantarum, ed. I, p. 436. t Flora (1843), I, p. 123.
t For a recent reyision of this genus, see an interesting and yaluable memoir by M. Golenkin in Act. Hort. Petropolit., xiii (1893), p. 77.
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10 IIR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 81LBNE.
Diantheas, connecting links between Tunica and Dtanthus are Tunica Pamphylica^ Boiss. et Bal., in which each segment of the calyx has six or seven nerves (instead of 1-3), and on the other hand Dianthus proUfer and Dtanthus leptopetalus, G^nerallj speaking, as may be seen from this review of differentia 1 characters, the characters which separate the genera Saponarta^ €fyp8ophila, Tunica, Dtanthus^ and Velezia are much less dis- tinctive than those which separate other genera in the suborder SileninesB. Some German botanists have proposed to establish intergradient genera C^ Mittelgattnngen ") for definitely charac- terized species of an evidently intermediate type: but this device wonld certainly force npon systematists the fact that many genera are nnnatnral entities.
We find it frequently stated that the production of hybrid forms is an important matter, in so far as minute variations in the form of the floral organs determine the position of certain genem. Herbert enunciated the principle that successful crossings can only take place between two individuals of the same natural genus, and that, therefore, species which possess this faculty ought to be included in the same genus. Nageli also seems to join issue on this principle. On the other hand, the exceptions to this rule are not many, and the question whether in these cases the two genera should not be united, presents itself. The capacity for producing hybrids is inherent in the productive elements of the species concerned, a kind of natural affinity which, apparently homogeneous with the similarity in external structure of the reproductive organs, on which, as explained above, the systematic position of genera is based, need not necessarily be associated with it. This sexual affinity or selective relationship then is peculiar to the species, sometimes only to the individual under favoured conditions. This sexual affinity, moreover, is apparent only in certain species of the same genus, and further in a group of closely allied genera it is found that the species of one may hybridize easily, as in Dtanthus, while the species of another hybridize with difficulty, as in this particular genus SUene, So that it may happen, though not necessarily, that sexual affinity and morphological relationship may go hand in hand. Crossing of species then, when successfal, produces hybrids. In these the characteristics of the two species are combined sometimes in equal proportions, sometimes with great prepondei'ance of one
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11
or the other parent ; and there is often a difference in the resnlt in reciprocal fertilizations. Moreover, certain hybrids, such as those of Datura^ which are fully fertile per se, divide in the offspring, partly in the first generation, and completely in iiwo or three succeeding generations, into the two component species, even when close- fertilized.
In discussing the crossing of Melandryum ruhrum, Garcke, «nd Melandryum pratense, R5hl., with Silene tiscosa, Pers., Bohrbach draws conclusions as to the greater sexual affinity between Melandryum and Silene^ than between Lychnis and Silene; but in this particular instance it does not apply, as L. Celakovsky has shown that in 8. viscosa the capsule is tniiy unilocular, and not more or less septate at the base, and that therefore this species should be transferred to Melandryum. If then we take into consideration the number of the styles, and the number of the teeth formed by dehiscence of the ripe •capsule, we find that the following genera are isotypic with iihese three : — Eudianthe^ Viscaria^ Heliosperma, Petrocoptis, and lastly Coronaria.
A tabular conspectus of the genera here mentioned will best illustrate their differential diagnosis : —
Tribe Lychnidece (or SileneoB)^ Suhtrihe Silenoidew,
A. Capsule unilocular.
a. Carpels alternate with
calyx. Anthophore
Capsule 5-dentate . • . • • • Agrostemma.
b. Carpels opposite the teeth of the calyx.
Anthophore conspicuous, often elon- gated, a. Capsule dehiscing by teeth equal in number to the styles.
• Petals convolute in preBfloration.
Appendices fornicate at the base . • Lychnis. •• Petals convolute in pradfloration.
Appendices efomicate at the base • • Coronabl4. •*• Petals imbricate in praefloration.
Seeds bearded at the hilum . . Petbocoptjs.
ft. Capsule dehiscing by twice as many teeth as the styles.
* Seeds crested on the dorsal surface.
Styles 8 Heliospeama.
•• Seeds not crested on the dorsal
surface. Styles 5, rarely 3 . . Melandetuai.
the teeth of the Styles 5.
none.
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12 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
B. Capsule plnrilocular at the base.
a. Capsale dehincing hy teeth equal in
number to the styles • . • . . . Yiscaria.
b. Capsule dehiscing by twice as many teeth
as the styles.
a. Styles 5 Eudianthe.
fi. Styles 3 Silene.
II. Subdivision op the Genus into Groups.
The genus Silene was founded by Linnaeus, and was defined by biai in the first edition of his ' Genera Plantamm.' • The genus is characterized as follows f : —
Calyx, Perianthium monophyllum, clavatum, leye, 5-denta-
tum, persistans. Corolla, Petala 5. Ungues angusti, longitudine calycis^
marginati. Limbus planus, obtnsus, emarginatus. Neo-
tarium componitur e duobus denticulis, in coUo cujusviff
petali. Stamina, Filamenta 10, subulatu, altema, ungaibus peta-
lorum inserta, seriora. Anther® oblongs. PisHllum, Ovarium cylindraceum. Styli 3 vel 5, simplices,.
staminibus longiores. Stigmata contra solem flexa. Pericarpium. Capsula cylindracea, tecta, 3-5-locularis, apice
6-fariam dehiscens. Semina plurima, reniformia.
This description sufficiently circumscribes the species in the genus as understood by Bohrbach, except that the calyx (perianth) is not always '* leve," and that the lamina (limbus) of the petal is not often ** emarginatus."
By Adanson,;!; Silene was disintegrated into six distinct genera, in contravention, however, of the Linnean canon^ which says, ^* Habitus occulte consulendus est, ne genus erroneum IsDvi de caussa fingatur."§ It was on such a secondary character that Adanson carved his six genera out of the Linnean genus. They are— Silene, Atocion, Oberna, Otites, Steris, and Kaleria. As a synonym Linnadus cites- Viscago, Dill. Hort. Eltham. p. 309.
• p. 132, n. 372 (1787).
t With the verbal emendatioiis of Bichter's ' Codex linneanu?.'
; Families des Plantes, ii, p. 254 (1763).
§ Philosophia Botanica, ed. II, p. 121.
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The sections into which Adolph Otth proposed to group the species in the first yoliime of De Candolle's * Prodromns ' are so Tinnataral, and characterized hy such indefinite characters, that it woald be impossible to attempt a revision of the genus on the principles followed by that botanist. Others followed Otth's classification, with nnimportant alterations, in subse- quent works, in which the plants of the order Caryophyllaceae were systematically or geographically dealt with, so that the first classification of species of Silene which can properly claim tmy attention from a scientific point of view dates from Oodron's* masterly essay on the forms of inflorescence in this genus.
Godron certainly attaches no importance to the existence of septa at the base in the ripe capsule or to their absence, and includes, therefore, all species belonging to Melandryum subg. Elisanthe, as well as the genus Heliosperma (to which he falsely ascribes capsular dissepiments), in Silene^ and this same view of the limits of the genus is taken by Bentham and Hooker.t
The grouping of the genera of the suborder Silenineee on the principle first proposed by Alexander Braun has already been alluded to, and Bohrbach has adopted in the main Godron's primary character of the disposition and mode of inflorescence, except in reference to the group Lychmotdes, which he has relegated to a subordinate and secondary position, but which, however, in this revision disappears altogether, as the species are placed in the genus Eudianthe, The genus Silene^ as understood and circumscribed by Braun, included a large number of species which formed a very natural group sufficiently marked ofl* fiom other genera, as defined at that time, but very difficult to form into subsidiary groups, on account of the absence of well-defined primary and secondary characters within the limits of the genus which might be utilized for the purpose. In the first place, however, he fixes on the character of the mode of overlapping of the petals in prsefloi'ation as the basis of division into two subgenera, before proceeding to group the species into sections. Boissier points out that Alexander Braun first drew attention to this character
• Obacrr. crit. »up Tinflor. du geore Silene (1847).
t Q-enera Plantsrum, i, p. 147: *' Ovarium uniloctdare yel imk basi septatum multdoTulatum ; stjli Tulgo 8. Oapsola apice in dentes yel yalvas breyes 6 rariut 8 dehiscens."
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14 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENE.
in tbe genus, and the specionsness of snch a line of cleavage- is best explained in his own words, which are here translated from ' Fl. Orientalis,' vol. i : — " A genns very diflBcnlt to break np into groups of species, since the characters for defining sections are either absent or not strongly marked. Thus Oodron demonstrated that all forms of inflorescence which were met with in the genns, the dichotomy, the panicle, the unilateral raceme, are only modifications of the cyme, and that they pass one into another in allied species, and even in plantn of the same species. The number of the nerves of the calyx varies in plants otherwise alike in all their characters. Alexander Braun pointed out a character depending on the imbricative (quincuncial) sdstivation of certain species, but this mode of overlapping of the petals in sBstivation in the genus is not really quincuncial (arising, as it were, from spiral insertion of the petals), but is a deformation of convolute 88stiyation (arising from verticillary insertion), to which, in allied species and often in the same species, it returns. The seeds, which are generally canaliculate on the dorsal surface, may become plane, then convex, and, finally, in Heliosperma^ carinate [with the rows of tubercles transformed into crested spines*]. With these considerations, I have not proposed sections such as it would be incumbent on a future mono- grapher of the whole genus to specify, but I have attempted to arrange the Eastern species in natural groups, as far as I was able, according to general characters and habit in the absence of definite and well-marked characters." Boissier says how he tried first one character, and then another, and afterwards a combination of two or more, only to find that his hypothetical sections invariably either overlapped one another or failed to include some of the species.
Rohrbach first of all divides the genus into two subgenera: — (1) Behen, in which the leading character is ^'sBstivatio peta- lorum imbricativa " ; and (2) Silene proper, in which the leading character is ** aestivatio petalorum altematim contorta." In connection with this I should like to refer to an interesting letter from Alexander Braun to J. Gay, preserved in Herb. Kew. In this letter diagrams are given of the mode of overlapping of the petals in aestivation in Silene Pumilio ; and quoting from a letter from Pacher, he says that usually the petals are imbricate in aestivation in this species, but that this is not constant, and * Not in the original.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS OX THE GEXCS SILEXE. 15
occasionallj they are contorted. There is also an interesting note in J. Oaj's handwriting on specimens of Arenaria putigens in reference to this same character: — "Petalorum sestivatio nunc imbricata, nunc sinistrorsum contorta." I consalted the late Sereno Watson (who has studied the North American species of Silene) as to his views on the importance of these primary characters. In a letter received from him only a few weeks before his lamented death, he says : — " I have never considered the characters that you mention of any special importance, and have paid them no attention. If S. Douglasit and 8, nivea are to be separated from our other species on the imbrication of the petals, it is evident that the division is not a natural one." Again, " sBstivatio altematim contorta " is some- what obscure, but Mr. Watson points out that it appears to be illustrated in Eichler's * Bliithendiagramme,' on p. 106, fig. 41a ; and is what is called ** antidromy " or '* heterodromy,** the petals in the fiowors of the axis overlapping in one direction, and those of the branches in the opposite. Now the species of Silene are difficult to discriminate in living specimens, especially before the ripening of the capsules, and still more so in the case of herbarium specimens ; and were the mode of imbrication of the petals, if such variation is to be depended upon, to be insisted on as a primary character, it would of necessity impair, if not stultify, the value of the result obtained from an attempted examination of the greater part of the material afforded by collectors and distributors. I propose, therefore, by slightly modifying Rohrbach's arrangement, to base the primary subdivisions of the genus on the structure of the calyx ; and to exclude from his subgenus Behen those few species in which the two characters of a calyx with anastomosing veins and inflated at the time of flowering are not associated, viz., S, pygmceay S. turgida, and S. Bouglasii. I propose also to follow Engler and Prantl* in considering each division of Silene proper as a subgenus, thus making three subgenera instead of two. I would further suggest Qastrosilene as a substitute for BeheUy which is somewhat of a misnomer. Cucuhalus Behen, Linn., and Behen vulgaris, Moench, are certainly superseded names for Silene inflata, the best known species of the subgenus, but Silene Behen, Linn., is a good species, and belongs to another subgenus, so that the name as taken up by Bohrbach is mis- leading. Gastrosilene in pseudhomonymic also with Gastrohjchnis, • Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Theil iii (1889), p. 70.
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16 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GEXDS SILENE.
one of the sections of the genus Lychnis proposed by Fenzl in Endliclier*s monumental work.
The limits of the genns will be more conveniently circnm- scribed if Bohrbach's generic character of a unilocular capsule septate at the base is maintained ; so that many of the North American species described by Sereno Watson and most of the species from the province of Yun-nan, described by M. Franchet,* in which the ovary and capsule are strictly unilocular, should be transferred to the genus Melandryum, It would be better also to exclude four species, retained by Bohrbach in his monograph, in which the ovary has five styles, and is, of cou]*se, 5-septate at the base, viz., Polyschemone nivalis^ Schott, Eudi- anthe Gcelt-rosa, Fenzl, E, Corsica^ Fenzl, and IS. Iceta, Fenzl.
Eusilene itself is divided into three sections according to the form of the inflorescence. In the same way that the principal primary subdivisions in the grouping of natural genera within the limits of the same family cannot be carried out with logical precision, in so far as a character in one genus is of first importance, and in another may be of no systematic value whatever, so the same thing obtains in the subdivision of a genus into several groups of higher or lower grade. Thus it would be unnatural to separate S. grisea from 8. flavescens; yet, strictly speaking, the first should be in Botryostleney while 8. flavescens is in its place in Dichasiosilene. Similarly the same reason holds with 8. 8i€beri, 8, Fenzlti, and certain forms of 8. ttcUica^ which should be in the section Dichasiosilene^ were it not that their special characters unmistakably show their relationship with 8, italica. We must, therefore, take into consideration other characteristics in admitting apparently aberrant types into one or the other of the primary groups in the subdivision of the genus. Bohrbach's greatest difficulty was in the section Botryosilene, The peculiarity in certain species for the flowers to bend downwards at the time of flower- ing, an observed fact utilized by Otth in his grouping of species, when applied to the section as a whole, leads to unnatural separation of closely allied forms. In the same way it is impossible correctly to circumscribe a natural series of forms by means of the various modifications of the raceme, since frequently one type of racemose inflorescence grades into another, and also species having varied modifications of the raceme are allied by more distinctive and important characters. • Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii (1886), pp. 417-428.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 17
And here, as in many other cases, it cannot be too clearly laid •down that nataral relationship is to be found in the possession of essential characters in the aggregate, and forms cannot be classified by the arbitrary selection of a single, albeit though a •conspicuonsly distinctive character, and that the constancy of the specific type is due to the maintenance of the balance and the absolute correlation of the structure of the different parts •of the plant with the conditions of life and the environment in which it lives ; so that any undue exaltation or deficiency in the structure or function of any organ or part of an organ, whether arising within the plant itself or in its environment, tends to the impairment or to the loss of that balance, and •consequently to instability and variation.
Eiohrbach first of all divides the section Botryosilene into two groups, according to the structure of the substance of the •ealyx, whether coriaceous or membranaceous; and then the second group lends itself more readily to division into sub- sidiary groups on the basis of the type of the form of racemose inflorescence. I wish to draw attention more particularly to this section rather than to any of the other primary groups, because if some working botanists hold that there are weak points in the method and arrangement in Rohrbach's classifica- tion, it is in this section of Botryosilene that such are to be found. But, as he says, after a good deal of consideration and comparison of the relative value and specific importance of salient characters, he has not succeeded in finding a more natural method of associating the known species into definite subsidiary groups ; and in any future improvement upon this, the critical reviser must have in his mind a general idea of the complete series of species, otherwise, instead of improving upon the scheme of classification submitted, he is likely to fall into worse errors.
I will now, therefore, discuss a few specific characters in •detail. A pre-eminent character to select is the form of the seed. Within the limits of the same group of allied forms the seed varies chiefly in its size (generally depending relatively on the size of the flower and capsule), in its form and structure scarcely at all. However, in a widely distributed and poly- morphous species like Silene tnflata, we find transitional modifications in the form of the seed. On the other hand, almost the only difference between S, rigidula and 8. echino-
LINN. JOURN. — BOTUnr, VOL. IXXII. C
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18 IIK. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THG GENUS SILEXE.
sperma is in the stractnre of the seed. Of not less importance as a character is the nervation of the calyz, especially in respect of the branching of the ten primary nerves. The presence or absence of snch anastomosing branches is a variation not altogether unknown within the limits of the same species ; yet by this character is S. linearis separated from S, arenosa. Of often more than specific importance is the form of the fruc- tiferous calyx, as to whether it is contracted and almost closed above, or uniformly cylindrical, or campanulate and expanded under the reflexed petals.
Again, to take an example from other organs, within the same group of species, the filaments, which are usually glabrous, in a number of species are invested with long cilia.
As to the duration of the life of the plant, this seems a fairly constant and reliable character; likewise the manner of growth^ whether uniaxial (as is generally the case) or biaxial. As an exception under abnormal conditions, we may instance 8. dliatay in which the flowering stems are terminal, but which under cultivation sometimes produces a main axis with infrarosular flowering stems as in 8, melandryoides. The form of the difierent calyx-teeth varies sometimes in the same flower ; since this, however, is associated with other characters in the structure of the calyx, it is therefore of value in sepai*atiug species. On the contrary, should snch variation be found in individuals of what are supposed to be the same species, then analogy must decide whether it is desirable to separate the two as distinct species. In this connection may be noted the foinn of the calyx, which at the time of flowering is often very different, from that which incloses the ripe capsule.
As to the form of the capsule, and the relative length of the capsnle and carpophore, the variations within certain limits to which both are subject are different for different groups, and their importance as a character can only be ascertained and appraised by comparison in the different groups. On the other hand, the presence of cilia on the claws of the petals is a character subject to variation more often, even in the flowers of the same stem ; eppecially is this noticeable in the group of 8. Saxifraga, while in most other groups the character of ** ungues glabri " and " ungues ciliati " is sharply defined. The same obtains in the definite character of the auriculate appen- dage or dilatation at the junction of the claw with the blade.
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whioh, wHile, for example, in Dichasiosilene distingnishes the series Auriculatm from all the other peremiial species of the Rection, in some species is to be found in all stages of transition from sb'ght broadening at the apex of the claw to the develop- ment of a distinct lobe on each side of it. The degree of segmen- tation in the blade, the width of the lobes, and lastly the oolonr of the petals are not characters which may serve for the separation of species, apart from other and more distinctive characters.
Of still less importance is the general pnbescence of the plant; which, as is well known, is a character that often depends on external conditions, and on difference in station and in vertical range. Somewhat more constant and reliable is the pubescence of the calyx, thongh this is subject to considerable variation. The least important, or which amoonts to the same thing, the most unreliable character to make use of in the limitation of species is that of the form of the foliage-leaves. Although this has been long recognised by systematic botanists, in a genus like Silency it is necessary to emphasize the fact ; to justify, for example, the circumscription of 8. chlorcefoUa, whose aberrant forms present indeed a very diverse type and appear- ance, forms which Rohrbach thought desirable to include in this species, and, as he shows in his diagnosis, by a continuous series of intermediate forms are connected one with another, which makes a separation into four distinct specific types scarcely feasible or possible. In the same way and by the same variable character is justified the inclusion of several forms (superficially distinct) within the limits of a species.
In giving greater importance to the presence or absence of the coronal appendix, I venture to differ from Rohrbach, as modifications of it have a systematic value in other genera.
in. Plan and Scope op this Revision.
The Revision of the genus is based on Rohrbach*s Monograph, published in 1868. Specimens of most of the species described by him have been examined, excepting only those of which authentic types were not obtainable for examination. Species have been transferred from one group to another, only after examination of properly authenticated specimens and the remarks on their structural character by other observers have satisfied me that occasional deviation from the sequence in
c 2
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20 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENE.
BolirbacIi*s enumeration is desirable in the interest of accuracy of description, and with due regard to the affinities of allied species. Spebies described since the publication of Bohrbach's work have been intercalated in their proper place, or (in manj cases) reduced as synonyms or as varieties of previously known species.
The matter under the head of each species is arranged as follows. The name of the species is followed by the authority for the name and the work or memoir in which it was first published.* This is followed by the citation of a published figpire of the plant, if a satisfactory one is known to me : the third reference is to the page of Bohrbach's * Monograph ' on which the species is described. The species described by Bohrbach have not been again described in this Bevision, unless subsequent re-examination of specimens has obviously impaired the accuracy of Bohrbach's description ; slight varia- tions, discrepancy, or hiatus in his diagnosis have been noted and rectified in form of addenda after the references following the name. The species known and discovered subsequently to the publication of Bohrbach's work have been described on a uniform plan, and as far as practicable the diagnoses are of uniform length and conciseness ; and species which have been transferred to another group or section have not been re- described unless such transference has entailed considerable And important verbal alterations. After the description or bibliographical references are often given a few differential <;haracters distinguishing it from allied forms, more particularly in subsidiary groups which include several species. The synonymy, in so far as it is identical with that given by Bohrbach, is omitted, but under this heading additional synonyms (reduction of new ? species) are given, and some synonyms, incorrectly given by Bohrbach, are excluded. This is occasionally followed by critical notes or explanatory com- ments on the species, where they may seem to be required. The last item under the heading of each species gives the limits of the geographical range. It has not been thought necessary to give the complete geographical distribution, as any extension of the range of the species as defined by Bohrbach is thus
* For species described since 1868, references are sometimes given to two works in which a description of the species is to be found, as the publication in which a new species is first described is often inaccessible.
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MB. F. N» WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 21
safficientlj indicated. The habitat of species not distributed over a wide area is given in the nsual way. In the case of species of wide distribution the extreme geographical limits in each direction are given. Eecords extending the limits of the species are everywhere given. As frequently as possible I have added the date of publication to the reference cited for the species, except in the case of works repeatedly cited.* For the dates of works and memoirs not readily accessible I am often indebted to the excellent and carefully edited series of Botanical Catalogues issued by Messrs. Dulau of London, and by Messrs. Friedlander of Berlin; in all cases in which I have referred from the Catalogpie to the work cited I have found absolute accuracy in titles and dates.
In the matter of absolute priority in names of species, I have preferred not to change a few old-established names which are always met with in the floras generally used, and under which the literature of the species is always to be found, in favour of obscure, little known (and usually inappropriate) names, which may possibly have antedated them in publication by a few months. The "plea of convenience" and stability in nomen- clature is of far more scientific importance in morphology than endless name-changing for reasons of priority.
Of the 390 species enumerated in this Revision, published figures are cited for 172 species ; and of the 141 varieties enumerated, additional figures are cited for 29. Where a figure is obviously bad and misleading, I have not thought it worth while to refer to it. I have not always cited what may appear to be the best plate, but, for convenience of reference and to facilitate the comparison of species, have preferred to quote works in which several species are figured, such as the 'Flora Graeca,' Reichenbach's *Ic. Flor. Germ. Helv.,' Willkomm's sumptuous *Icones,' and Gosson's * Ulustr. Fl. Atlanticse.'
The position of Silene and its relationships with the other genera of Silenoideas are shown at the end of a previous section. The following table shows the position of the subtribe Silenoideee in the natural order Caryophyllacese : —
• This, however, is everywhere added in the index, to which reference* should be made for the dates.
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8
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08
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 23
SILENE.
Herb88 annnsB, biennes vel perennes snffraticesve. Radix simplex vel ramosa, perpendicolaris vel obliqua, in perennibus crassa, lignosa, rhizoma repens B88pe formanB, caules foliosos et floriferoB emittens. Gaulis altitadine valde yarians, teres vel raro nervo folioram mediano decnrrente triangnlatus, glaber vel pabescens vel glandulosns, sffipe prsBsertim snpeme yiscosus, foliosos ant, foliis infeme in rosnlam confertis, apbyllns et apice florifer, raro in foliomm rosnlam abbreviatns et turn ramos florigeros lateraliter emittens ; simplex et apice tantnm flores nonnollos ferens ant pins minus ramosns. Folia integra, sessilia vel basi in petiolnm angnstata, opposita, decnssata, rarissime qnasi snperposita qnaterna, latitndine valde variantia, ovato-lanceolata lanceolatave, linearia vel triqnetra interdnm pnngentia, glabra vel pubescentia. Bracte» et propbylla herbacesB, saape margine membranacee et ciliatee, vel scarios®. Inflorescentia racemosa, racemo ant simplici interdnm ad florem nnnm temosve terminales reducto vel in dichasium pins minns compositnm laxum capitatnmve transmntato vel altero dichasii ramo abortivo scorpioideo (racemnm nni- lateralem), ant racemo composito ramis racemos simplices vel infeme mrsnm composites raro dichasia formantibns, interdnm ramis contractis verticillastra fingentibus. Floree hermaphroditi, interdnm abortn dioici, plus minns longe pedicellati, erecti, patentes vel nntantes. — Calyx gamophyllns, tnbnlosns, clavatns, tnrbinatns vel campannlatns, interdnm ampliatns, glaber vel pnbescens, nmbilicatns vel nmbilico destitntns vel infra basin annnlo circnlari anctns, 5-dentatns, dentibns margine saepe scariosis ciliatis, 10-20-30-vel 60-nervins, evenins vel nervis anastoiuosantibns. Petala 5 nngnicnlata, raro snbobsoleta inoonspicna, cnm staminibns carpopbori vel stipitiformis pins minns elongati vel cyathiformis crassi brevis apice inserta, prsafloratione ant altematim contorta ant imbricata, nngnibns ciliatis vel glabris, interdnm apice dilatatis vel ntrinqne anricnlatis, lamina integra biloba vel bipartita vel interdnm mnltifida, ad fancem biappendiculata bigibbosa sqnamata vel ecoronata. Stamina 10, petalis altema 5 majora, opposita 5 nngnibns basi coh»rentibns minora : fila- menta filiformia ; anthersB bilocnlares longitndinaliter introrsnm dehiscentes. Ovarinm basi triloculare, septis supra placentes
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24 MB. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
centralis apicem, yel in medio desinentibas, supeme unilocolare ; OYula plarima amphitropa faniculis distinctis in singulis locolis biseriatim placentis inserta. Styli 3, filiformes vel snbclavati^ intns papillosi. Gapsula obartacea vel crostacca, oblongav ovata vel sabglobosa, basi plus minus trilocularis, apice in denies duplo stylorom numerum dehiscens. Semina plurima reniformia vel globosa, interdum dorso uirinque al& undulate cincta, leyia striolata granulata vel tubercnlata: embrjo fere annularis vel hemicjclicus, excentricus, albumen farinaceum cingens, raro albumine in seminum alis undnlafcis incluso ; radicnla dorsalis.
Silene, Linn., Sjst. Nat., ed. I (17i>5); Gen. Plant., ed. I>
p. 132, n. 372 (1737). Viscago, Hall, Enum. Stirp. Helv., i, p. 373 (1742). Muscipula, Rupp,y Fl. Jenensis (ed. Hall.), p. 125 (1745). Atocion, Adaiis,, Fam. PI., ii (1763), p. 254. Obema, Adams., I.e., p. 255. Otites, Adans.y Z.c, p, 255. Kaleria, Adans,, i.e., p. 506. Behen, Moench, Meth., p. 709 (1794). Corone, Hoffmg. ex. Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. II, i, p. 422
(1840). Diplogama, Opiz, Seznam, p. 38 (1852). Cheiropetalum, Fnes, Ind. Sem. Hort. Upsal., 1857: ex
Urban, Addit. Ind. Sem. Horfc. Berolin. (1881), p. 11. Oncerum, Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pjr., p. 255 (1867). Leptosilene, Fourr., in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xvi (1868)^
p. 344. Petrosilene, Fourr,, he. Behenantha, Schur, in Verb. Naturf. Yer. Briinn, xv, II,
(1877), p. 130. Species in tria subgenera disponuntur : —
I. GASTROSILENE. II. CONOSILENE. III. EUSILENE.
Subgenus L GASTROSILENE.
Calyx 10-vel 20-nerviu8, nervis reticulato-venoeis, vesicarie inflatoA post anthesin semper ampliatus, f ructif er a capsulA remotus. Spedea erennes*
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MR. ¥. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 25
1. Petala, unguibus supeme dilatatis vel aariculatis, bifida, rarius emarginata vel subintegra.
A. Calyx 10-nervius.
a. Folia subulatapungentia. o. pungens,
b. Folia mutica.
a. Caules florlgeri e basi roeulae foliorum terminalis lateraliter edentes. S. odoTitopstala^ htbanensis, tuhuniflorOy Brotherana, candicansy caxucina, Atkinfy'ktn,
/3. CSaoles florigeri e foliorum rosulse medio edentes (sive folia non rosulata).
t Caljx sub authesi ore aperto.
(1) Petala unguibus ciliatis. S. nubigma^ plut&nica,
(2) Petala unguibus glabris.
S, Fabaria, monantha, mongoHcOy kumaonermSy thebana, faharioidei^ ccensty vctriegcUa.
ft Calyx sub anthesi ore contracto. S. ampvMata,
B. Calyx 20-nerviu8.
a. Petala apice subintegra. S, procumbensy PumUio.
b. Petala bifida vel bipartita.
S. Thoreiy mariHmay glareosa^ infkUay comnmtatay Cserei.
2. Petala, unguibus non auriculatis, fimbriato-multifida. 8. phytdlodeiy fmbricUa, campanvlata.
Subgenus II. CONOSILENE.
Calyx 20-30-vel GQ-nei-vius, nervis baud anastomosantibus ; fructifer e basi ampliatft apicem versus attenuatus. Flores in dichasio simplict vel composito dispositi, ramus alter ssepe abbreviatus, alter in latere ramo accessorio auctus, rarius flores solitarii Herbas annuae.
a. Calyx 20-nerviu8. S. ammophila, coniflora,
b. Calyx 30-nervius.
a. Capsula carpophoro brevi stipitata. S. subconicctyjuvenalis.
/3. Capsula sessilis.
t Filamenta pubescentia. S. lifdiay Sartority canica.
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ft Filameuta glabra. S, conoidea, multinervia, amphorina,
c Galys 60-nerviu8. S. macrodontcL
Subgenus III. EUSILENE.
Calyx semper lO-nervius, vel evenius vel nervis anaBtomosantibus, nunquam vesicarie inflatua, fructifer autem supra carpophorum 8»pe SL capsulA maturescente distentus. Inflorescentia valde varians. Species annus, biennes, vel perenues.
SeCtio i. ClNCINNOSILENE.
Flores in cincinnis plus minus laxis (racemis secundis scorpioideis) simplidbus vel geminatis, breviter vel raro longe pedicellati vel subsessiles, interdum primo dichasium simplex vel duplex formantes, •dichasii deinde ramis scorpioideis. Herbae annuae vel biennes, paucse perennes.
A. Species annus vel biennes.
a. Apterospermse. Semina reniformia vel globosa, dorso nunquam alis imdulatis marginato.
Series 1. Dichotoiinoe.
Flores in cincinnis geminatis brevissime pedicellati vel subsessiles, primo in dichasio simplici vel duplici, ramis dichasii lateralibus scorpioideis. Calyx evenius, finictifer apice contractus. Herbee interdum bienne&
a. Semina faciebus plana.
S. lagenoealyx^ grcecoy dichotoma, racemosa,
b. Semina faciebus curvato-excavata. S, vespertinay disticha.
Series 2. Scorpioidece.
Flores in cincinnis simplidbus; interdum infra florem axiA primaris terminalem unilateraliter ramus scorpioideus evolutus, ita ut stirps dichotoma esse videatur, dichotomia autem nunquam florigera.
A. Semina reniformia, fadebus curvato-excavata, dorso (exc. S. gaUica and 8, Oiraldii) obtuse canaliculata.
a. Calyx fractifer apice contractua a. Filamenta basi villosa ; calyx evenius. S.gaUioa.
/3. Filamenta glabra.
t Calyx evenius. 8. Oircddii.
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ft Calyx striis anastomosantibus. *S. cerastioides, c<dycina,
b. Calyx fractifer apice non contractus.
o. Filamenta basi villosa. S. rejlexa,
p. Filamenta glabra. t Capaula oblonga subsessilis. *S'. noctuma^ hrachypetala,
ft Capsiila carpophorom bis terve superans, vel fere sequans. S. remoUflora, oUudfolia^ hirtutOj pompeiopolUana, mogadorensis, paJUutinOy affinU,
B. Semina reniformia valde compressa, faciebus concavinscula,
dorso acute canaliculata.
a. Calycis strise anastomosantes, vel supeme conjunct®.
a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. S. hremstipes,
fi. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. JS. eanopica, Kuichaiewicny setacea, marocoana,
b. Calyx striatus evenius.
a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. JS. Hddreichity oxyodonta,
/3. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. S, Sckweinfurthi, arabioa^ chirensis,
C. Semina reniformia, faciebus plana, dorso plus minus obtuse
canaliculata.
a. Calycis evenii nervi pilis basi bulbosis vel squamulis acntis
vestiti, calyx fructifer apice contractus. JS. trinerviay scabrtdoy oropediomm,
b. Calyx glaber vel, si pnbescens, pilis basi non bulbosis
vestitus.
a. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus, t Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. JS. micropetaUiy cisplatensis, imbriccUcu
tt Calyx evenius. S. elandeiHnay discolor ^ villosa,
fi. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. S.pendvla,
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28 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
D. Semina globosa, dorao convexa, faciebus plano-convexa^ undique obtuse tuberculata.
a. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus, evenius. S. (xdscendensy littarea,
b. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, striis anastomosantibns.
S. Ptammitis,
b. Dipterospermse.
Semina rotundo-reniformia compressa, faciebus planiuscula, dorso alis duabus undulatis marginato profunde canal iculata. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus vel interdum geminatis.
a. Capsulse carpophorum puberulum. S. sericea, glauca, glahrescens, longicavlit.
b. Capsulffi carpophorum glabrum. 8, apetala, decipiens.
B, Species perennes, f ruticulosae.
a. Apterospermse.
Semina reniformia vel auriformia, dorso nunquam alis undulatis marginato. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus.
A. Caules florigeii e basi rosulae foliorum terminalis lateraliter
edentes. S. legionemisy atlantica.
B. Caules florigeri terminales, ex rosula foliorum medio edentes.
(sive folia non rosulata).
a. Oalycis dentes elongato-lanceolati acuti. a. Flores calyce multo brevius pedicellati.
S, ChauleUeij ffochateiten.
/3. Flores calyce lougius pedicellatL S. Biafrce.
b. Calycis dentes obtusi, vel raro ovati acuti.
o. Herb» nunquam ceespitem formantes. S, Burckelliiy primtUcB/loraf cramfolia^
/3. Herbae csespitem densum formantea t Calyx evenius. S. MundianOy degans,
tt Calyx striis bifurcatim conjunctis. S. cUiata,
b. Dipterospermse.
Semina rotundo-reniformia, faciebus planiuscula, dorso alis duabos undulatis marginato profunde acute canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis laxis duplicibus vel triplicibus.
S, intruia.
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MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILBNE. 29
Sectio ii. Dichasiosilene.
Herbse perennes vel annnse, paucse biennes. Flores in dichasio simplici vel plus minus composito, breviter vel longe pedicellati, dichasii ramis sequalibus aut insequalibus, ramo altero in speciebus nonnullis in florem nnum reducto ; inteFdom flores dichajaio contracto capitolom formantes, in speciebus perennibus multis, dichasii flores plerique abortivi, caulis uni-vel biflorus ; — ^rarissime inter Brnchypodas flores in racemo simplici paucifloro dispositi.
A. Species perennes, inter Compactas paucas biennes vel annuae. a. Petala unguibus utrinque auriculatis.
Series 1. AurundcUce,
Species alpinse uni-vel ^bifloree, petalorum unguibus utrinque dente obtuso vel acuto auriculatis.
A. Caules florigeri terminales.
a. Folia subulata vel falcata, interdum pungentia. a. Calyx dentibus obtusis.
t Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S./alccUOj masmenceOy argcea^ meifUagefims^ rhyncocarpoy steiUoria,
t Calyx evenius. S. trctgctcarUha.
/3. Calyx dentibus acutis, striis anastomosantibus. S, EchinuSy sitbtUcUa, pindicola,
y. Calyx dentibus altematim acutis et retusis, striis apice anastomosantibus S, xylohans.
b. Folia mutica, recta, hand falcata.
a. Calyx dentibus obtusis, striis latis rubris supeme anas- tomosantibus. 8. diarUhifoliOy OrphanidiSy Sargenti, humilisy tachiemisy Orayiy Watsoniy Suksdorfit,
/3l Calyx dentibus acutis.
t Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S, commelirUfoltay SMumbergeri, Moorcrofiianay persioa,
tt Calyx evenius. S. hremoaulis.
B. Caules florigeri e foliorum roeuld. terminali lateraliter adscen-
dentes. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S, Boryiy mdandrioidesy caucasica, vaUesia. b. Petala unguibus exauriculatis.
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30 MK. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Series 2. MacrarUkce.
Species l-S-florse, floribus breviter raro loDge pedicellatis ; autflores in dichasio duplid, aut dichasii ramo altero abbreviato in foliomm axilliB geminati, calyce brevius pedicellati ; calyx elongato-clayatos. seu in speciebus paucis uni-vel biflorus, floribus longe pedicellatis, breviter clavatus.
A. Caules e foliorom ro8ul4 terminali lateraliter edentes.
S. pcUinotricka, Schafta, pygmoeai longitvhdoaa^ heterodonta, parvtUay ccespitom.
B. Caules florigeri terminales.
a. Capsula globosa carpophore ter quaterve superata. S. deprestOy PorterL
b. Capsula carpophorum sequans vel plus minus superans. CL Calyx evenius.
t Capsula carpophorum sequans. iS. sticctUerUa, Uhdeana, papiUifolia^ thymifolia^ microphylla^ bur- manica, cretacea, infidelittm,
ft Capsula carpophorum bis quaterve supei^ans. S, argutOy msia/nicay graciUima, Schmuckeri, khanana, vagaru. 0. Caljx striis anastomosantibus. t Calyx dentibus obtusis. S. oreophiloy Aucheriana, nurensii, capillipeSy Campanula^ Saxi- pragay Barheyana.
ft Calyx dentibus altematim acutis et obtusis. S. fhiticuloiOy fUipes.
f +t Calyx dentibus acutis. S, niuUtcauliSy mcuropodoy incurmfoliay acutifoliay fcstiday Maximo- vriczianay cordifoHoy lazica.
Series 3. NamosUeiie.
Species nanse uniflorse ; calyx campanulatus. S, acavlisy Baumgarteni.
Series 4. Brachypodce,
Species montanse caulibus strictis ; flores solitarii vel bini, longissime pedicellati, vel in dichasio simplici laxo ; calyx sub anthesi clavatus, fructifer oblongus; capsula carpophorum multies raro tantum bis superans.
a. Caules florigeri e basi rosulss foliorum terminalis lateraliter edentes. S* grtsea, leptoclada.
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b. Caules e folioram rosulse medio edei^tes (terminales).
a. Flores solitarii vel bini, loDgissime pedicellatL S.flavesoensj motieranthojjlamintilafolia.
^. Flores in dichatiio laxo quasi pseudoracemosi. S. thetsaJUmica^ macronychioy yememis^ japonica.
Series 5. Brachyanthoe,
Species montan» inflorescentift dichasiiformi valde compositA ; calyx vel obconicus vel breviter clavatus et turn hyalinos.
a. Calyx obconicus.
S. rupestriSf Memiesiiy cryptopetala,
b. Calyx hyalinns, breviter clavatus basi truncatus. S. TcUannotm, macedonica^ Lerchenfddiana,
Series 6. CompacUe,
Species aimuse, biennes, vel perennes. Flores in dichasio plus minus denso contracto, capituliformi, brevissime pedicellati; calyx mem- branaceus glaber, nervis apice bifurcatim conjunctis ; petala Integra vel emarginata.
8. Armeria, compacta^ Reuteriana, Asterias.
B. Species annuae.
a. Inflorescentise rami valde inaequales, altero in florem unuui reducto, ita ut flores in foliorum axillis geminati esse videantur ; interdum inflorescentia supeme scorpioidea.
Series 7. Nicoeenses,
a. Calyx fructif er apice contractus. 8. ramosissima, ciiierea.
b. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. 8. Kremeriy cirtenns, nicceensis,
b. Flores in dichasio composito regulari, ramis asqualibus vel rai'o paullum insaqualibus.
Series 8. Atocia.
Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus curvato- excurvata, vel subglobosa profunde umbilicata. a. Semina faciebus curvato-excnrvata.
a. Semina dorso tuberculorum seriebus 3 ornato, plano- convexa medio leviter canaliculata. 8, fusccUOy PseudO'Atocion,
^. Semina dorso obtuse canaliculata. t Calyx evenius. 8* divaricata, rubelloj Bergiaiuxy turbinataf segetalw.
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ft Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. S. argillosa,
b. Semina subglobosa tuberculata profunde umbilicata. Calyx nervis anastomosantibiis. S. <egyptiaca, virescens, atocioides, mekinensts, delicatidoy insularis.
Series 9. Rigidulce. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus plana.
A. Semina dorso utrinque al& nndulat4 omato, canaliculata. S, nana,
B. Semina dorso plana.
a. Capsula carpophorum bis superans. S, Hussonu
b. Capsula carpophorum asquans vel paullum superans. S. rigidulu, echinosperma, juncea,
c. Capsula carpophoro bis terve superata. S. portengU.
C. Semina dorso canaliculata, margine baud alata.
a. Capsula carpophoro 3-4-plo superata. S, reticulata,
b. Capsula carpophorum sequans. a. Filamenta villoso-ciliata.
S, Kotschyi^ tntricata.
p, Filamenta glabra. JS. canensis, irUegripetalay laconica, arenosa, linearis, c Capsula carpophorum 2-4-plo superans. a, Flores laterales calyce brevius pedicellati. JS. chastodonta^ striata,
p, Flores laterales calyce longius pedicellati. t Petala e calyce exserta.. S, pinetorum^ sedoides, pentelica, HausshieclUii,
tt Petala tota in calyce occulta sive nulla. 8, inaperta.
Series 10. Leiocalycinoe,
Calyx fructifer apice contractus. Calyx glaber vel brevissime scabriusculus, vel raro glanduloso-puboscens. a. Calyx evenius. a. Calyx dentibus acutis. S, cretica, lingerie grandtfhra,
/3. Calyx dentibus obtusis. JS, antirrhVitay Icevigata^ Boissieri,
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 33
b. Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. a. Calyx dentibus acutift. 8. AlmolcBf MtuciptUOy Reinholdiy stricta, tenu\flora.
p. Calyx dentibus obtosis. S. Beheriy Holzmanniy linioolay crassipes.
Series 11. Lasiocalycince.
Calyx fractifer apice contractas. Calyx evenius, valde costatos, «oet8e pilis longis vel squamis distinctis vestitse.
a. Petala intei;^ vel emarginata. 8, gonocalyxy pteroneura.
b. Petala bilida vel bipartita.
8, papifloiOy echinatOy iquamigeraf vesicultfera.
Sectio iii. Botryosilene
Herbie perennes suffrnticesve. Flores in racemo simplici vel <»mpo6ito, breviter vel longe pedicellati : racemi ranus aut brevibus paucifloris, ant elongatis itemm racemoeis vel cymulifens vel, omnibus cymarum intemodiis abbreviatis, verticillastriferis ; interdum axis primarise intra inflorescentiam flores intemodiis contractis capitnlum formantes ; cauUs raro abortu tri-vel uniflorus.
A. Calyx glaberrimns coriaceos, cylindrico- vel conico-clavatus, saepe basi annulo circnlari pseudoumbilicatus.
Series 1. 8clerocalycirw!,
a. Pedicelli im& basi bibracteolati. 8 Frvwaldshya/na,
b. Pedicelli medium versus vel infra calycem bibracteolati. a. FUamenta glabra.
t Flores erectL
(1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel mucronatis.
8. hupleuroideSy avramanoy caramanica, Rouyana, macroMoleriy tenuCcatUiSf megalocalyx, Parrovnana.
(2) Calyx dentibus alternatim obtusis et acutis, albo-
marginatis dliatis. a. Folia glabra. 8. ddoroBfolia^ Umgijlora^ staticifolia^ coemreay laxa, peduncularisy cnntfUL
0, Folia serrulato-scabra. 8, derrulcUcu
Lnnr. joubn. — botany, vol. xxxii. * d
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34 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENE.
(3) Caljx dentibos omnibus ovatis obtosis, albo- marginatis ciliatis. S. Balamce,
tt Floree cemui.
(1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel obtcuds. S. itruthiolaideif ManUsctdJiani,
(2) Calyx dentibus altematim acutis et obtusis albo-
marginatis. S. libanoHca.
fi, Filamenta ciliata.
t Flores erecti. S. radicoMy tunicoides,
tt Flores cenmi. S. oligantha,
R Calyx membranaceus, rarissime coriaceus simulque pubescens>
basi truncatus vel umbilicatus.
a. Flores in raoemis simplicibus, axis primarbe intemodiis nunquam
abbreviatis, racemi ramis brevibus oppositis interdum altero abortivo^
alterius omnibus unifloris vel interdum inferioribus 3-7-floris et
superioribus tantum unifloris.
Series 2. Ckloranttioe.
Pedicelli im& basi binis prophyllis pi-aKliti. Petala bipartita, raro retusa.
A. Petala bipartita vel bifida.
a. Capsula carpophorum 2-4-plo superaus ; calyx glaberrimus,
raro glanduloso-pubescens. S. chloranthay tatarica^folioM^ tenuis^ Doufflasii^ Macounii, lychmdta^ Reichenbcuihiu
b. Capsula carpophorum sequans. S. linifclifXy genUtifolia^ turgida,
B. Petala retusa. S. scaposa.
Series 3. SufrtUico9ce,
Pedicelli medium versus seu apice binis prophyllis praMlitL Petala iutegra, bipartita vel rarius laciniatoH^uadripartita.
A. Petala Integra vel bijmrtita. a. Capsula carpophoro superata. S. nodulosoj goniocaula.
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b. CapsoU carpophoram sdquans, rarissime eo sesqailongior.
a. Calyx coriacens, petala ungoibns glabris.
t Petala bipartita, unguibns aoriculatis. & m'iooalydncty ccuptoa^ hirticalyx,
ft Petala linearia Integra. S. Uptopetala,
/3. Calyx membranaceus. t Petala onguibos ciliatis. S. petrcBay lineata.
ft Petala xmgaibas glabria S, Montbretiana^ hrahuica^ UrviUei.
c. Capsula carpophoram bis terve saperans, vel subseBsilb. a. Folia pungentia ; semina dorso faciebusque plana.
/3. Folia matica ; semina dorso canaliculata, f aciebos plana, t Calyx glaberrimos. S. UthophUa^ tenella,
ft Calyx pubesoena
(1) Ungaes et filamenta glabra. S. oanarienuisy nocteolem,
(2) Ungaes et filamenta ciliata. 8. stenobotfysy Semenavii.
R Petala laciniato-qaadripartita. S. odoratunma.
b. Flores in racemo simplici vel composito verticillastrifero, aut^ axis primariflB intemodiis intra inflorescentiam abbreviatis, capitalum formantes ; (rarissime racemos non contractus paacifiorus, sed tnm calyx brevis obconicas et ungues ciliati).
Series 4. Capitdlatce,
Flores in racemo simplici, axis primaiise intemodiis abbreviatis, contracto capituliformi, rarissime in racemo paucifloro non contracto ; caJyx brevis turbinatus vel oblongo-campanulatus, evenius ; ungues ciliati.
A. Petala unguibus auriculatio. 8. ArisHdis, citrina.
B. Petala anguibos edentulis.
a. Petala bipartita. t Filamenta glabra. 8. phamMceifolict, cephcdarUha^ dianthoides,
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ft Filamenta ciliata.
fi. Petala Integra lineari-spathulata. S, capiteUata.
Series 6. Otitece,
Flores in racemis simplicibus vel compositis verticillastriferis ; pedicelli im& basi binia prophyllis praMliti.
A. Petala Integra raro leviter emai^ginata, ecoronata.
a. Capeula seasilis. S. Smdtneriy (kites,
b. Capsula carpophomm bis-qnater superans vel fere aequans. S. andtyaUrfolia^ holopetaloy dbiricaf Falconeriana, Oebleriana,
B. Petala bipartita.
a. Gapsola carpophorom subsequans. S, mtUti/hra, cephalenicu
b. Capsula carpophorom 3-4-plo excedens. S. gigantea^ congesta^ Bridgesiy tfunnanerms.
Series 6. Spergvlifolics,
Flores in racemis simplidbns compositisve, vertidllastra plus minus densa interdum paudflora fereniibus ; pedicelli medio seu apice binis prophyllis prsediti.
A. Petala multifida, lobis lateralibus brevibus. S. pachyrrhuay Olgce.
R Petala bipartita vel bifida.
a. Capsula carpophomm sequans vel fere bis superans. 8, repens, spergtUifolia, BommueUeri^ mpina,
b. Capsula subsessilis ; flores dioici. S. pruinosoj brachycarpa, cappadodca,
c. Flores in racemo composite, ramis racemosis sive dichasia composita ferentibus, aut in raoemo simplid ramis strictis uni-vel paucifloris elongatis ; (rarissime in formis alpinis caulis uni-vel paudflorus).
Series 7. Lasimttmon$$,
Flores erecti vel nutantes. Petalorum ungues et filamenta lanu- ginoso-ciliata.
a. Petala uuguibus exauriculatis. S. afghanicoy pvbenda^ Niederi^ longipetala, ku7iawareim$.
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b. Petala unguibus aoriculatiB ; flores nutantes. a. Ungues dente obtnso auriculatL S. Marschallty saxoHlis, apricOf Pringlei.
fi. Ungues dente acuto auriculati. S. Scatderi.
Series 8. NutarUes.
Flores nutantes. Petalomm ungues et filamenta glabra.
a. Calyx basi sensim in pedolum attenuatus. S. UucophyllOy amcma^ virid\flora,
b. Calyx tnmcatos basi umbUicatus. a. Petala unguibus exauriculatis.
S. meUifa^ OcUholica^ mvea, stdlata^ nutans^ langicUta^ vduHnoides.
^. Petala ungruibus auriculatis. S. otodoTUa^ SpcUdingitj OdUxtcsa,
Series 9. ItaZxooe, Flores erectL Ungues glabri vel dliatuli, filamenta glabra.
A. Ungues ciliatulL 8. splendeTis^ itaHcOy paeudo-nutanSy nemorcdis^ ipinMoens, TamdkcBy SUheri.
R Ungues glabri.
a. Capsula carpophore sesqui-vel du][>lo brevier. 8, Schvxxrzenbergeriy Femlxiy Forttmei,
b. Capeula carpophorum bis terve superans. a. Petala multifida.
8. ovatcL
^. Petala bifida. 8, nevcuknais, rhodopea^ 8horpU% Behriiy Luisana^ pecHnatay LyaUiiy phrygictj eremUioa.
y, Petala integra. 8. lanceolcUOy Alexandri.
c Ciqpsula carpophorum asquans, vel eo sesqui-longior.
a. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. 8, paueifloray 8<dzmanniyJrtUtcosay rostUcUOy mollinma,
/9L Calyx evenius. 8, gibraUaricay hifacensisy paradoxa.
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Subgenus!. GASTROSILENB.
Galjx 10-yel 20-nerviu8, nervis retioulato-yenosis, yesicarie inflatus et post anthesin semper ampliatus, fructifer a capsule remotus. Species perennes.
I. Petala, onguibus supeme dilatatis yel auriculatis, bifida rarius emarginata yel subintegra.
A. Calyx lO-nervius. a. Folia subulata pungentia.
1. SiLBNB PONGBNS, BoiBs.y Dtogn. PL Nov. Or.y Ser. I. i. p. 32 ; Mohrh.^ Manogr.y p. 77.
Hah. Turkish Armenia ; Mt. Oljmpns, and Mt. Tech-Dagb, near Erzeroum; also near Erzinghan, westward of Erzeroum (Stntenisy It. Orientale, 1889).
b. Folia mutica.
•a. Caules florigeri e basi rosulsB foliorum terminalis lateraliter
edentes.
2. S. ODONWPETiLA, Fenzl, PugiU. PI, p. 9, n. 28 (1842) ; Mohrb.f Monogr., p. 78.
a. GBNUINA, Bohrb,, l.C.
Caules humiles, interdum foliorum rosnlam yix ezcedentee, cum calyce glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia lanceolata yel lineari- lanceolata acuminata scabrida yel glandulosa. Flores pauci interdum solitarii.
/8. CBRA8TIIP0LIA, Boiss., Fl. Orient.^ i. p. 626.
7. LATIFOLU, Boi8S.y l.C.
8yn. S. phjsocaljz, Ledeh., Fl. Boss.^ i. p. 321. S. odontopetala var. phjsocalyz, Bohrh.
d. CONGESTA, Boies.^ l.C.
Syn. S. Sinaioa, Boiss., Biagn. PL Nov. Or.^ Ser. L i. p. 25. S. odontopetala var. sinaica, Bohrh. S. Baddeana, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 472. Oeogr. Umtts. — N. The Western Caucasus (^var. 7).
8. St. Catherine's Peak, on Mt. Sinai (var. 2). E. Mt. Elburz, in N. Persia (var. 7). W. Mt. Ak-Dagh, in Anatolia (var. P).
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3. SiLENE EUBANENSis, Somm. et Lev, in AcU Hort. Petrop., xui. (1893) p. 37.
Caules ciBspitosi glanduloso-pubescentes infeme glabriosculi numerosi foliosi adscendentes, ploa minus laxe ramoso-racemoei rarios lUiiflori, yirescentes, basi vaginis foliomm induratis persistentibns sope denae obeiti. Folia nnineryia acuta apicu- lata, radicalia et rosalamm sterilium lanceolata oblonga vel flubspatholata in petiolum attenuata, caulina angustiora acutiora ; bracteo submembranaceae glanduloso-pubescentes; inferiores lanceolatsB acutao, superiores ovato-oblongfld obtusao. Flores plerumque breviter pedioellati. Calyx a basi parum dilatatus cylindricus vel elongate obconicus subumbilicatus glanduloso- pubescens membranaceus pallide virens vel dilute purpurascens, deutibos ovatis obtusissimis margine hyalinis ciliatis. Petala supra albida, subtus Tirescenti-liTida, ultra medium bipartita, lobis linearibus obtusis, appendicibus brevibus semi-orbicu- laribus, unguibus glabris yel soperne ciliatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata yel elliptioo-oblonga, carpophoro dense retrorsum hispido plerumque sesquilongior. Semina fusco-grisea reni- formia granulata, faciebus plana, dorso canaliculata.
A 8. odontopetala differt, colore viridi, indumento minus dense, caulibus Bsspe a basi ramosis, et praesertim caljce longiore dentibus rotundatis.
Hah, In the mountainous district of Kuban, in the Western Caucasus, proy. of Cis-Caucasia.
4. S. SUBUNIFLOBA, 8omm. et Lev. in Act Hort. Petrop,, xiii. (1893) p. 39.
Caules CflBspitosi glanduloso - pubescentes, basi interdum glabriosculi supeme parce foliati adsoendentes, uniflori rarius biflorL Folia unineryia glanduloso-ciliata, radicalia et rosa- lamm sterilium anguste lanceolata acuta rarius spatbolata et apice rotundata, caulina angusta lanceolato-linearia yel linearia fere subulata; braote» membranace» nunc lineari-lanceolatae, nunc oyat» acuto. Flores nutantes, pedunculis brevibus. Calyx in alabastro late cylindricus, in flore eyoluto oboyato- campanulatus, subumbilicatus glanduloso-pubescens, membrana- ceos purpurascens, striis yiridi - livescentibas yel saturate purpureis, dentibus obtusis membranaceis. Petala liyida ultra medium bipartita, lobis divaricatis rotundatis, appendicibus oblongis yel lineari-oblongis, unguibus glabris yel soperne
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ciliatis. Filamenta glabra. Gapsula ovata vel ell]ptic(M>blonga, carpophoro doDse retrorsum hispido plemmque sesquilongior. Semina faciebus plana, dorso canalicnlata.
A preDcedenti Talde disorepat, caule scapiformi (nnnquam ramoso) eir paroe foHoso, caljoe saturatias colorato latiore^ fonn& petalorum, appendicibas duplo longioribus. 8. ciUata^ en jus Bpecimina pauciflora quoad habitum nostris simillima^ recedit defectu glandalaram, caule rarius unifloro, caljce angustiore basi attenuate non umbilicato.
Hah. In the mountainous district of Kuban, in the Western Caucasus, prov. of Cis-Caucasia.
5. SiLKNE Brotherana, Somm,, et Lev, in Act, Hort, Petrop,, xiii. (1893) p. 36.
Caules basi suffrutescentes retrorsum tomentelli grisei numerosi adscendentes, axillis fasciculiferis. Folia breviter lanceolato-linearia mucronulata recurva apicem versus latiora, basi prassertim cib'ata ceterum glabrescentia ; bracte» foliaceiB latiuscul» OYat» acuminata. CjmulaB 3-6-flor8B pedunculatee, plurimn opposite, in racemum interraptum disposit® vel apice caulis suboapitatee. Calyx cjlindrico-conicus glandnloso-hirsutua umbilicatus, fructifer 07atus basi vix angustatas nenris valde prominentibus costatus, dentibus ovatis obtusis apice ciliatis conniventibus. Petala alba bipartita, unguibus ezsertis glabria, iobis linearibus, appendicibus binis brevibus ovatis obtusis. Filamenta glabra. Capsala ovato-conica sub lente corrugata, carpophorum retrorsum pubescens aequans. Semina reniformia^ f usca, obtuse tuberculata, f aciebus plana, dorso canaliculata.
Charaoteribus, S.spergulifoliam et 8,pru%no8am, Boiss., revocat, primo intuitu autem dignoscitur caljce ampliato et evidenter a capsulU remoto, ergo inter species subgeneris EusUene (sectionis Botryosilene) enumerari non possit. A 8, sperguUfoUa iusnper differt, foliis latioribus et brevioribus, capsul& paryft ; a 8, hrachycarpa, Boiss. et Bal., pr»fcerea capsule non abrupte conico-rostrati, carpophoro tenui magis elongato.
8yn, S. spergulifolia (non Bieb,) in Brothertu, ezsicc. (1881)^ n. 138 bis.
Hab. In the mountainous district of Azchur, in the Western Caucasus, prov. of Cis-Caucasia.
6. S. CANDICANS, Oel(ik. in Oestei-r. Bot. Zeitschr, (1876)> p. 321 Boies,, Fl, Orient., suppL, p. 100.
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Ganles cesspitosi eglanduloso-pubescentes, erecti yel suberecti,. simplices, parce foliosi, 1&-21 centim. longi, basi foliolis parvis in squamas vergentibus densioribas cincti. Folia rosularam sterilinm obovato-spathnlata acuminata in petiolum longnm attenuata, caulina spathulato-oblonga longius acniniData, dense pubescenti-tomentella canescentia ; bracteee et propb jUa oVat8& acntee candicantes. Inflorescentia cymosa 7-10-flora, cymis trifloris in snmmo canlis approximatis confertis, yel cym& infimll triflor& axillari remot&; flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx campanulatns, albidns vel livide sabcoloratns, molliter tomentosus, dentibns late triangularibns acnminatis. Petala alba, nngnibus ntrinquo obtnsiuscnle anricnlatis glabris ; lamina oblonga bifida bigibbosa lobis lineaid-oblongis. Capsala snb- globosa, oarpopbomm fere feqnans. Semina dorse tuberculato conyexa.
Hob. Syria ; Zebdaine, near Damaacns.
7. SiLENE ARAXINA, Trautv. in Act Hort Petrop,, iii. -p&rs lu (1875) p. 278; Boiss., Fl, Orient, suppL, p. 101.
Canles siye rami florigeri nnmerosi glandulosi foliosi, 30 centim. longi. Folia glandnlosa nnineryia, radicalia angoste oblonga in petiolnm attennata, canlina majora late oblonga, bracteae et propbylla oyato-lanceolat». Cyma dicbotoma multi- flora floribus coarctatis. Calyx albidus glandnloso-pubescens, fructifer subclayatns, dentibus oyatis acnminatis. Petala albida, unguibus utrinque obtusiuscule auriculatis, lamin& bilobll, appendicibus obtusis. Capsula carpopboro yix iongion Semina dorso canalicnlata bicarinata minute tuberoulata, faciebufi plana leyia.
Hah, Turkish Armenia ; along the B. Aras, in the district of £rzeroum.
8. S. Akinfijewi, Schmalhj Neue Pfl. aus Kaukasus, in Ber. Deutsch, Bot. Oesellsch. (1892), p. 286.
Caules humiles glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia oyata acuta; bracte» herbace». Inflorescentia terminalis cymosa, cymis 2-4i-floriB; pedicelli calyci aequilong^ yel duplo longiores. Calyx albidus oblongus, dentibus triangulari-oblougis obtusis. Petala alba bifida ecoronata. Capsula carpophorum ter superans.
A 8. odontopetcdd differt foliis multo latioribus, pedicellis longioribus, dentibus calycinis obtusiusculis.
Hab. In the Centl*al Caucasus, on tbe Harvos glacier.
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)9. Caules florigeri e folioram rosnlss medio edentes (Bive folia
non rosnlata).
t Calyx snb anthesi ore aperfco.
(1) Petala uDgQibus ciliatis.
9. SiLBNB NUBIGENA, Phil, in And, Univ. Chil. (1862), ii. p. 378 ; Rohrh,^ Monogr,^ p. 80.
Bah. Chile.
10. S. PLUTONTCA, Naudiny in C, Oay, Ft Chily i. p. 258; J?oAr6., Monogr.y p. 80.
Hah. Chile.
In the specimens in Horb. Kew., the leaves are l-nerved, the stems appear to be uniflonl, and the capsule is scarcely three times as long as the •carpophore.
(2) Petala unguibus glabris.
11. S. Fabaru, Sihth. et 8m., Fl. Grceae Prodr., i. p. 293; Fl. Orceca^ v. t. 415.
Geogr. limits, — N. Near Odessa, in prov. Kherson.
8. Island of Samoa, in the Turkish Archipelago.
E, Ohemlek, in prov. Siwas.
W. Island of Cephalonia, Ionian Isles.
12. S. MONANTHA, 8, Wats. in Proc Am^r, Acad.^ x. (1875) p. 340 ; B. L, Eohinson, Lc, xxviii. (1893) p. 145 (S. Donglasii var. monantha).
Ganlis tennis laxe assui^ens ramosus glaber. Folia anguste oblanceolata longe acuminata basi breviter ciliata. Flores Bolitarii longe pednncnlati erecti. Calyx campannlatus pube- mlos soperne reticuloso-yenosus, dentibns triangnlaribus acntinscnlis albo-marginatis snbciliatis. Petala alba yel pallide rosea, nngnibns anguste auriculatis longe exsertis, bifida lobis late ovatis, appendicibus lanceolatis integris dimidiam laminam SBquantibus. Filamenta glabra. Capsnla oblonga longe stipitata.
Geogr. limits. — W. United States.
N, and W, — Castle Bock, Cascade Mountains,
Washington Tenitory. 8, Webber Lake, California {Lemmofi, ex Proc.
Amer. Acad., xxviii. [1898] p. 145). E, N. Utah (Parry^ ex Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. [1893] p. 145).
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13. SiLENB MONGOLICA, M<ixim., Enum, PL Mongol,, p. 88, t. 13 <1889).
Caules caaspitosi basi sofimticosi griseo-virides minute pubemlo-scabri. Folia cartilagineo-apicnlata, inferiora con- ferta basi attennata lineari-lanceolata obfuRiascola, cetera linearia mncronata. Flores snb anthesi vix cemoiy postea striete erecti in dichasio 1-2-rarinB 3-floro dispositi, pedicellis qnam calyx longioribus. Calyx inflaix>-cylindTicus, frnctifer late clavatns, nmbilicatnB, dentibns subcordatis late hyalino- inarginatis. Petala angasta emarginata, nngaibns exsertis, :appendicibns binis ovoideis. Capsula ellipsoidea carpophoram bis snperans. Semina tnberealata, dorso plano-conyexa, faciebns concavinscnla.
flofc.— Northern Gobi ; Mt. Tosta (1886).
A species anomalous in habit, perhaps a connecting link between this and the next subgenus.
14. S. KUMAONENSIS, sp, nOV.
Ganles adscendentes ramosi hirtello-pubescentes. Folia acn- minata, inferiora lineari-lanceolata, caalina lanceolata, bracteas foliis conformes. Flores in canle distantes, laxe snbdichotomi, longe pedancnlati. Calyx membranacens ovato-caropannlatns nmbilicatns scabrido-pnberalns, dentibns lanceolatis acntis cilio- latis. Petala viridnla angasta bifida, lobis oblongo-linearibus. Oapsnla ovata carpophomm glabnun ter qnaterve superans. Semina seriatim tnberculata, dorso lato convexa, faciebns «xcavata. (Herb, KeWy coll. J. F. Dnthie, n. 5366.)
Hob. Dhanli Valley, Kumaon (1886).
15. S. THEBANA, Orph. in BoUs,, Fl, Orient, i. p. 627 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 81.
A 8, Fabarid diversa foliis dissitis, petalis ob coronam ■amplam yelnti 4-partitis.
Hab, Near Thebes (Thivee), in Greece.
16. S. FABABIOIDES, Haussk, in Mittkeil, Thiiring, BoU Ver,, Heft V. (1893) p. 47.
Caules arcoato-adscendentes glauccscentes glabri. Folia -oamosnla glaucescentia basi breviter connata glabra oblongo- lanceolata basin versus subangastata, superiora minora elliptico- lanoeolata acuta. Cym® ramis iu»qualibus dichotomse : flores 4snbcemui laxe racemosi, alares longioscule pedunculati. Bracte®
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lanceolatae acutss membranacece. Calyx glaber ovoideo-mflatas nmbilicatas, nervis Tiridibas vel erabescentibns, dentibas late triangularibns acatis. Petala alba bipartita, lobis spathnlatis^ appendicibus bifid ih. Capsala ovoidea carpophoram ter quaterve Buperans. Semina tubercalato-mgosa.
S. FaharicB affinis, qam planta maritima snrculis sterilibas dense foliosiS; canlibns minns dichotome-ramosis, foliis in- ferioribuB obovatis mneronatis crassioribas marginibns ezas- peratis, caljce minus inflate breviore et vix venaloso, differt ; a 8. thehana vix diversa.
Hah, The peak of Zygos, in Grreece, Haussknecht (1885).
17. SiLENE C^siA, Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Orcecce Prodr., i. p. 294; Fl OrcEca, v. p. 12, t. 417 ; Bohrb,, Monogr., p. 82.
Oeogr. limits, — N. and W. Mt. Velngo, in Livadia. S, Mt. Ghelmos, in Morea. E. Island of Khio, in the Tarkish Archipelago.
18. S. VABiEGATA, Boiss. et Heldr,, Biagn, Fl, Nov. Or,^ Ser. I. viii. p. 82 ; Besf,, Cor, Toum., p. 74, t. 66 (Lychnis) ; Eohrh,^ Monogr,y p. 82.
A pr89cedenti distincta canlibns ad scapes pnmilos rednctis, floribns majoribns, petalomm lobis latioribns.
Oeogr. limits, — N. Mt. Famassas, in Livadia. S. Crete.
tt Calyx sub anthesi ore contracto.
19. S. AMPULLATA, Boiss,, Diogti, PL Nov, Or,^ Ser. I. i. p. 26 ;, Bohrb,, Monogr,^ p. 82.
Hob. Turkish Kurdistan.
B. Calyx 20-nerviu8. a. Petala apice subintegra.
20. S. PKOCUMBENS, MuTT, in Oomm. Ootting,^ vii. (1784) p. 83,. t. 2 ; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 83.
Adde : Folia lanceolata acuminata subtrinervia, nervo mediano prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicnis incompletis.
fi, OCHOTENSIS, Wright, in Herb, U.S, North Pacific Explor. Exped, (ined.),
Caules plus minus caespitoso-adscendentes pubescenti-scabri. Folia scabra trinervia, nervis conformibus. Calyx campanu* latus, dentibus ovato-rotundis.
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In all the speounens I haye examined at Herb. Kew. and Herb. Mas. Biit.y the leayes are acuminate and lanceolate rather than oblong-lanceolate, «• stated by Bohrbach, and the midrib is prominent, and the two lateral nervee yery faint: in the yariety the three nerves are distinct, and the midrib is not more prominent than the lateral nerres.
Oeogr, limits, — N. Along the B. Irtysch, near Semipalaiinsk,
Siberia. 8, Desert of Sonngaria, Central Asia. E. Coast of Okhotzk, Siberia (var. p), W, Banks of the R. Moskwa, in Central
Russia {ClerCy ex Nym., Consp. FL Eur.,
suppL, ii. p. 51).
21. SiLBNB PuMiLio, Wulf. in Jocq. Fl. Austr., v. -4pp., p. 26, t. 2 (1778) ; Linn,, Mant PZ., i. (1767), p. 71 (Cncubalus) ; Tanfani, in Pari, Fl, Italidna, is. p. 327 (Saponaria).
Canles csBspitosi simplices triarticnlati glabri. Folia cam bracteis linearia obtnsa ciliata, basin versus attenuata. Flores solitarii graoiliter pedicellati. Calyx oblongo-campanalatns nmbilicatns, pnbescens pilis patentibns mollibas longis, eglan- dolosas, raembranaceos, viridis totus et viridi violacens, fmctifer ellipsoideas ore late apertus 18-22 mm. longns; tenoissime reticaloso-venosns, nervis tennibus commissaralibos subobso- letis ; lobis ovatis obtnsis rotnndatis ciliolatis. Petala indivisa, nngnibos inclasis, appendicibas setaceis. Capsnla ovato- cylindrica snbsessilis carpophoro glaberrimo. Semina dorso obtuse canaliculata, faciebus plana marginata, levia.
This plant has been shifted about from one genas to another, chiefly on account of the presumed absence of commissural neryes. It would be yery inconyenient to include it in Saponaria owing to its S-styled oyary. The neryation of the calyx is at best yery faint and indistinct, but the rudiments of commissural neryes at the base, especially on the inner surface, is clearly demonstrable, and quite as apparent as the interlacing of the indiyidual nerres. Taking into consideration its general habit and other characters, it is therefore reasonable to refer the species to the genus in which it was placed by Wulfen. The species is usually included in the principal Italian floras, but all the localities given are now in Austrian territory.
8yn. S. pumila, St. Lag. in Ann. 8oc, Bot. Lyon, vii. (1880) p. 135.
Oeogr. limits, — N, Moravia. E, Transylvania.
8, Camiola. W, Tyrol.
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46 MK. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OEKUS SILENE.
b. Petala bifida vel bipartita.
22. SiLBNE Thorei, Buf. in Ann. 8ci. Nat, S6t. I. v. (1825), p. 84; EeiM.j le. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5120 (S. inflata var, glanca) ; Eohrb., Monogr., p. 83.
Adde : Planta csespitosa glanca, floribos sub anthesi eemtiis. Petala bicallosa (appendicibas non instrncta).
Oeogr. limits. — N, Depart, of Basses- Pji^n^es, on the coast between Bajonne and Biarritz. 8. and E. Catalonia (Vayreda, ex Nym., Consp^
Fl. Eur., 8wppl., ii. p. 51). IT. San Sebastian, in prov. of Biscay (Lange^ in Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 670).
23. S. MARiTiMA, With,, Bot. Arr. Brit. PI, ed. III. ii. p. 414 (1796); 8ym^, Engl Botany, ed. III. ii. p. 57, t. 200; Fohrb., Monogr,, p. 84.
Adde syn. S. Bastardi, Bor. in Bull Soc. Dauph. (1888), p. 64. S. amoena, Hill, Veg, Syst,, xiii. p. 55. — forma aDgostifolia.
Syn. S. stenophylla. Plan., Fl Gall, p. 121.
S. maritima var. angustifolia^ /. Gay, Herb, in Herb. Kew.
ft. MONTANA, Arrand. (sp.) in Bull. 8oc. Polym. du Morbihan (1863). Folia angnstiora. Semina minora, aliter inscnlpta.
The Icelandic specimens collected bj Mr. Backhoase in 1885 are more stunted, and the base of the stems more woody : thej differ in this respect from Mr. Babington's more typical specimens collected in 1846.
Geogr. limits. — N. and E. Kola Peninsnla, in Lapland {ex Nym. Consp. Fl. Eur,, suppl, ii. p. 51). S. Morocco. W. Iceland ; along the coast.
24. S. GLAREOSA, Jord., Pugill PI Nov. in Mem. Acad. Nat. Lyon (1851), p. 242 ; Willk., Ic. Deser. PI Bar. Hisp., i. p. 38, t. 22 ; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 668 (S. inflata var. glareosa).
Canles ccespitosi laxe adscendentes pnmili glabri snpeme ramosi tortnosi. Folia glancescentia basi attennata, radicalia oblonga fere spathnlata tamen acnta, snperiora ramealia anguste lanceolata ; bractesB scariosaa. CjmeB dichotomsB ramis
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inseqoalibns paucifloris. Calyx oyato-ellipticns nmbilicatas^ dentibiLR late triangularibiis obtasiusciilis. Petala alba bifida, appendicibas bilobis. Capsula ovato-globosa carpophomm ter superans. Semina rotnndata tabercalatomTiricata, dorso conyeza, faciebns plana.
A S. inflaid differt prsBsertim iiiflore8centi& seriore, calyce minus inflate, petalis coronatis, canlibos hamilioribas magis diffnsis, foliis angnstioribus glancescentibns.
Oeogr. limits, — N, and E. Depart, of Bli6ne ; near Lyons. 8. Gadaqnes, in prov. Catalonia. W, Bielsa, in prov. Aragon.
25. SiLENE INFLATA, Swith, Fl, Brit, p. 467 (1800) ; Syme, Engl, Botany, ed. III. ii. p. 56, t. 199 ; Bohrh.y Monogr,, p. 84 (S. Cncubalas).
Adde syn, S. amoena, Huds,, Fl, Anglica, ed. I. p. 164; S. crispata, Stev, ; S. Cserei, Schur (non Baumg.) ; S. Ante- lopnm, Steud,, Nom, Bot., ed. II. i. p. 450 ; S. sersnensis, Pomel, Nouv, Mat. Fl, AUant,, p. 209 ; S. vulgaris, Garcke, FL Nord, Mitt, DeutscM., ed. IX. p. 64 (1869).
j3. ciLUTA, Lange, in Kjoeh. Vidensk, Meddel, 1865 (1866), p. Ill (Pugill, PZ., p. 306) ; WiUk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 668.
Folia ntrinqne pnberola, margine aspero-ciliata, inferiora eUiptico-ovata. Petala rosea, calyce pamm longiora.
Syn. S. puberula, Jord, in Bor, Fl, Gent, France, ed. lU. ii. p. 94.
7. ALPiNA, Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 87 ; S. alpina, Thomas, Gat. (1837), p. 45 ; Willk., Ic, Descr. PI, Bar. Hisp., i, p. 38, t. 23. Adde syn. S. brachyantha, Schur (non Schott). Ex syn. 8. glareosa, est species propria.
To substitute for tbis old-establisbed name of tbe plant tbat of S, Cueu- halu9 is not only indefensible, but inaccurate. Bobrbacb, in his monograpli, selected Wibel's name for the species, but as the specific name is that of a neighbouring genus, it is hardly admissible, as well as pedantic ; even if it were otherwise suitable, a still older name (by three years) is " Cucubalus inflatus, Salisb." (* Prodr. Stirp./ p. 802), published in 1796, which name Smith retained in transferring the species to Silene. With respect to Bohrbaoh's change of name, the following note by the late Mr. Ball (* Joum. Linn. Soc.,* xri. 1877, p. 366), is much to the point : — ** Nomen triyiale ab omnibus fere botanicis receptum cl. Bohrbach infauste mutavit. Si solo antiquitatis jure iegamur, Silene vulgaris erit. Komen *Behen Tolgaris' (in Moench, Method,), est enim Wibeliano pluribus annis
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48 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THB GENUS SILENE.
antiquinB." Where a correct and suitable name has thus been in general circulation for nearly 70 years, nothing is to be gained by substituting for it an obscure and unsuitable name which happens to occur in an almost forgotten flora published less than a year before. The citation as giyen in Bohrbaoh's synonymy of the species is erroneous, being the page of the * English Flora ' (1824), instead of the correct one of the ' Flora Britannica * (1800).
Oeogr. limits. — N. and E, Siberia. 8, Hindostan.
W. Ireland; county of Kerry (Moore^ Cybele Hibemica).
26. SiLENE COMMUTATA, Gu88,, FL Siculce Prodv., i. p. 499 (1827), et FL Siculce Syn,, i. p. 485; Ousin et Awib.y Herb. Fl Frang,, iv. (1869), t. 554 ; Eohrh., Monogr,, p. 86 (S. Cucubalus var. commntata).
Ganles ascendentes, simplices vel e basi ramosi, robusti, glabri. Folia glauca glabra, inferiora ovata interdam cilia ta, intermedia subcordato-ovata, snperiora elliptica vel ovato- lanceolata, omnia longe mncronata margine cartilaginea ; bracteaB herbaceas foliis conformes minores, prophylla scariosa. Flores, etiam alares, longe pedicellati, sub anthesi nutantes, in cymam corymbosam dispositi. Calyx ovoideus umbilicatus, dentibuB ovato-triangularibus obtusis. Petala alba, unguibus supeme dilatatis subexsertis, laming obovat^ bilob&, lobis oblongo-linearibus, coroni ad duo tnbercula rednct^. Capsula ovoideo-globosa carpophorum tor superans. Semina granulatai dorso faciebusque plano-snbconvexa.
A 8. inflatd differt foliis latioribns basi ssepe coidatis, calyce minus globoso, seminibus granulatis.
/3. LONOIPOLIA, Willk, et Lange, Frodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. (1878) p. 669.
Folia omnia basi attenuata lanceolato-linearia longe acutata, superiora e basi rotundata longe acuminata. Flores magni. Oeogr. Umits.-^N. Corsica (Pouzolx, ex Oren. et Godr., Fl. de France, i. p. 202). 8. Cyprus (Kotschy, ex Boiss.^ Fl. Orient. , i>
p. 629). E. Near Elizabethpol, in Trans - Caucasia (HoJienackerj ex Ledeh., Fl. Bossica, i. p. 305). W. (Hbraltar (Willk. et Lange, Frodr. Fl. Bisp.y iii. p. 669).
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27. SiLKNB CsBREi, jBautit^., Enum. TranssUv,, p. 345 (1816) ; Lindm. in Act. Hort, Bergian,, i. (1891) n. 6. p. 14, f. 34) (sphahnate, " S. Fabaria ")•
Canles flexuosi glabri. Folia oordato-Ianceolata in apicem attennata, mncronnlata, glabra, camosula; bracte® et prophylla lanceolatoB albo-membranacead. Cjma semel dichotoma, ramis longissimis flexnosis ob ramnlnm altemm dichotomisB in vicem abbreviatam racemoso-cjmaliferis ; flores snbnatantes caljce longing pedicellati. Calyx angnste campanalatos in petiolnm attennatns glancescens, dentibos triangalari-ovatis obtnsis albo- marginatis apice lanaginosis, f rnctifer e basi breviter turbinate ampliato-ovatns apice leviter contractus. Petala alba bipartita eooronata, lobis lineari-caneatis emarginatis. Capsola ovata carpophomm 5-6-pIo snperans. Semina seriatim tnbercnlata, dorso plano-convexa, faciebas subconcava.
This species was wrongly sunk in 8, Fabaria by Bohrbaoh ; among other differential characters the calyx has 20 nenres (not 10), as pointed out by Lindman.
Hab. Transjlvania ; and Mt. Snlnca, in Dobrudscha, Janka (1876).
2. Petala, nngnibos non auricnlatis, fimbriato-mnltifida.
28. S. PHY8A LODES, Boiss,, Dtagti. PI. Nov. Or.^ Ser. I. viii. p. 83 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 88.
Inflorescenti^ petalis minntis, pedicellis refractis, a 8. fim- briatd distincta.
Hab. Near Csesarea Philippi (Banias), in N. Palestine.
29. S. FiMBRiATA, Stms, Bot Mag., t. 908 (1806) ; Eohrh., Monogr.y p. 88 (S. multifida).
Syn, Lychnis Behen, etc., Buxb., PL Cent., iii. p. 31, t. 57 (1735).
Cacnbalns fimbriatns, Gueldenst. Eeise, ii. p. 24 (1791) ; C. mnltifidas, Adams, in Herb. Banks; C. ninltifidus, Weber et Mohr, Beitr., i. p. 57 (1805) ; C. fimbriatas, Bieb., Fl. Taur.- Cauc., i. p. 333 (1808).
Viscago fimbnata, Homem. Hort. Hafn., i. p. 409 (1813).
It is not worth while to change Sims's name, since all the literature connected with the plant is under this name ; it has been long in circula- tion, and by this name it is known in most of the floras, so that the adoption of the name proposed by Bohrbaoh would only cause confusion in a genus
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. E
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in -which the sjnonjmj is already suffioientlj involTed. In 8. lacera^ which is given as a rarietj of this species, the ovarj is not trilocolar at the base, so that it must be transferred to Melandryum, and appears to be neajr Melandrywm Slizabethm.
Hah. In the monntaina of Lazistan, Bnssian Armenia, and the Caucasus.
30. SiLENB. CAMPANULATA, 8. Wats. in Ftoc, Amer, Acod.j x. (1875) p. 341 ; B.L. Bohtnson, I.e., xxviii. (1893) p. 137.
Caulis erectns, simplex vel apice dichotome ramosus, glandu- loso-pubescens. Folia ovata vel lanceolata. Flores solitarii vel pauci, nntantes, breviter pedicellati. Calyx viridis, campanu- Jatus, profunde dentatus, snpeme reticulato-venosus, dentibua late ovatis, obtusiuscnlis. Petala angnsta 4-partita, lobis ad medium bifidis seu lateralibus integris vel emarginatis, appen^ dicibns oblongis camosis integris. Filamenta villosa exserta. Capsula snborbicularis, breviter stipitata.
a. LATiFOLU. Folia ovata acuta. Petala albo-viridula.
Syn. S. campanulata var. Greenei, 8. Wats. Iierh, ap. B. L. Robinson, I.e.
Hah. Canonville, in Oregon, and Treka, in California.
/3. ANOUSTiFOLiA. Planta Icviter glanduloso-pubescens. Folia lanceolata acuminata. Petala camea.
Hah. Mendocino County and Humboldt County, in North California.
According to Robinson the broad-leaved is the commoner form, so that this is here considered as the type of the species.
Subgenus II. CONOSILENE.
Calyx 20-30- vel 60-norvius, nervis hand anastomosantibus ; fructifer e basi ampliati, apicem versns attenuatus. Florea in dichasio simplici vel composito, saepe ramo altero abbreviato et alterius in axillfl ramo accessorio e vol a to, rarins florea solitarii. HerbsD aniinsd.
a. Calyx 20-nervius.
31. S. AMMOPHiLA, Boiss. et Heldr., JDiagn. PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 82 ; Boiss., FL Orient., suppl., p. 90 ; Rohrh., Monogr.^ p. 89.
Hah. The islands of Crete and Gaidaronisos.
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32. SiLENE CONIFLORA, Nees, ex DG, Prodr,, i. p. 371 ; Rohrb,, Monogr,f p. 89.
fi. PURPUREA, Fenzl. Gaulis a medio ramosus, scabro-pnbes- cens. Calyx dentibus lineari-laDceolatis acaminatis. Petala purpurea.
Syn. S. molopica var, pnrpurea, Fenzl, in Herb. Kew. Hah. Near Aleppo.
Oeoffr, limits. — N, Ejsil-Arwafc, in Russian Turkestan (1884). U. Ssertsohah, in Persia. S. Bnins of Persepolis, in Persia. W. Tafilah, in Palestine.
b. Caljx 30-nervius. a. Capsula carpophoro brevi stipitata.
33. S. 8UBC0NICA, Friw. in Flora, xviii.. (1835) p. 334 ; Bohrh., Monogr.j p. 90.
Adde : Filamenta basi yillosa.
Differt a 8. juvenali calyce angustiori et longiori, petalorum unguibus exsertis, capsul& stipite longiori suffult^.
There is no necesnfy for citing S. camca, Hampe, (non Linn.) as a sjnonjm, as the context is sufficiently clear.
Oeogr. limits. — N. and W. Servia (ex Nym., Gonsp. Fl. Europ.) . E. Philippopoli«, in E. Bumelia. 8. Mekri, in Greece.
34. S. JUVENALis, Delile, Ind. Sem. Hort. Monsp. (1836) p. 28 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 90.
Planta 8. conicd saBpius major, cymis laxioribus, floribus longius pedicellatis, calyce breviori latiori, lamind. amp]&, capsuU breviori stipitat&.
So called from Port Juvenal, near Montpellier, where it was first dis- oorered, having been accidentally introduced from the East, but has not been met with since.
Geogr. limits. — N, Boli, in Anatolia.
E. Kara-Khoi, in prov. Siwas. 8. Elmala, in Anatolia.
W. Near Volo, in Thessaly, at the base of Mt. Pelion (Heldreich (1883), ex Nym., Consp. FL Eur., suppL, ii. p. 56).
E 2
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52 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE QEXUS SILENB.
B. Capsnla sessilis. t Filamenta pubescentia.
35. SiLENB LYDU, Botss,^ Diogn, PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 37 ; Rohrb,, Monogr.y p. 91.
Affinis 8. juvenaliy qnaB tamen calyce breviore mnbilicato, capsal& stipitatii seminumqae form& diversa est. Oeogr. limits, — W. Near Smyroa, in Anatolia.
E, Arjish-Dagh (Mt. ArgsBus), in prov. Kara- mania.
36. S. Sartorii, Boiss, et Heldr., Dlagn. PL Nov. Or., Ser. II. V. p. 53 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 91.
Differt a S. conicd canlibns prostatis, foliis obtnsis pingnibns, calycibns snbnmbilicatis ejnsqne dentibas brevioribns, seminibas levibns.
Geogr. limits. — N. and W. Rbaphti, near Athens (Heldreich, exNym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppL, ii. p. 56). 8. and E. Islands of Milo and Mjkoni, in the Greek Archipelago.
37. S. CONICA, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 418; 8yme, Engl. Bot., ed. III. ii. p. 58, t. 201 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 91.
Inflorescentia brevit^r corymbosa vel abortn alter! as ex azibns secnndariis nnilateraliter spicata, yel uniflora.
Oeogr, limits. — N. and E, Between Tobolsk and Tomsk, in Siberia, 58°. 8. Algeria. W, Spain ; prov. of Old Castile.
tt Filamenta glabra.
38. S. CONOIDEA, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 418 ; Beichh,, Ic, FL Germ. Helv., n. 5062* ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 92.
Forma obgobdata; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 92; lamina major obcordata.
8yn, S. conoidea var. obcordata, Boiss,, Fl. Orient., i. p. 580.
fi. GLABRESCENS, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 580 ; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 92. Glabra ; rostrum capsnlaa abbreviatum.
Bohrbach says that the species is not found in Italy, but it is included
• The names of ** conoidea** and ** oonica** haye been inadvertently transposed on the plates.
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by Tanfani in Parlatore's * Fl. Italiana/ and it is ^tUo found about Nice, in the adjoining French department of Alpes-Maritimee.
Oeogr. limits, — E, Tsaidam Mts., in prov. of Tangut, long. 96**
(Maximowicz). W. Andalusia, in Spain. A^. Mont^limar, in the department of Dr6me,
45**. (ViUars, ex Oren. and Godr., Fl. de
France, i. p. 205.) S, Mt. Sinai, 28^
39. SiLENE MULTiNEBYiA, 8. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad,, xxr. (1890) p. 126 ; B. L. Bohinson, I.e., xxviii. (1893) p. 131.
Canlis paroe ramosns, ereotus, glandnloso-pnbescens. Folia inferiora oblanceolata, obtnsa^ superiora lineari-oblonga yel linearia acuta ; bracteeo lineares aoutaa. Caljx anguste ovatus, dentibus aouminatis pnrpureo-marginatis. Petala pnrpnras- centia emarginata. Capsula oblongo-ovata inclusa. Semina minuta tuberculata.
Califomian botanists are inclined to regard this as an introduced pUmt, and Dayidson (in Efythea, i. p. 58), reduces it to 8. eomndea, a species which differs in its larger flowers, acute radical leayes, and globular rostrated capsule.
Hah. Galifomia.
40. S. AMPHOBINA, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 330. Gaulis ramosus adscendens, tenuis, brevissime hirtello-
pnberulus. Folia parva, inferiora spathulata, superiora linearia, plus minus ciliata basi lanata; bracteao valde insdquales, lineares. Galjx florifer turbinatus, fructifer e basi ampliat& ovato-conicus, umbilicatus, dentibus herbaceis triangularibus barbulato-ciliatis. Petala purpurea bipartita, unguibus exsertis glabris, appendicibus bifidis acutis. Capsula globosa longe rostrata glabrescens carpopboro sublongior. Semina badia, compressa, dorso prof unde canaliculata, faoiebus planiuscnla alis duabns undulatis marginatis. Hab. Algeria ; Oued Cherilla, base of the Filfila.
c. Calyx 60-nervius.
41. S. MACBODONTA, Boiss., Diogn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 37 ; Bohrb., Manogr., p. 92.
fi. PAMPHTLICA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 581 ; Boiss. et Heldr. (sp.), Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 82. Lamina amplior magis exserta : capsula ovata.
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Species inflorescentiad ramalTs stricte cymosis, axibus secnn- dariis plus minus elongatis, capsule ek 8. conicce longiori angns- tioriqne.
Oeogr, limits, — N, Modurlu, in Anatolia. 8. Cyprus. E. Prov. Aleppo. W. Elmalu, in Anatolia.
Subgenus III. EUSILENE.
Calyx semper lO-nervius, vel evenius vel nervis anastomo- santibus, nunquam vesicarie inflatns, fructifer autem supra carpophorum sape a capsnl& maturescente distentns. Inflores- centia valde varians. Species annuse, biennes, vel perennes.
Sectio I. CiNCINNOSILENE.
Flores in cincinnis plus minus laxis (racemis secundis scor- pioideis) simplicibus vel geminatis, breyiter vel raro longe pedicellati vel subsessiles, interdum primo dichasium simplex yel duplex formantes, dichasii deinde ramis scorpioideis. Herbae annuas vel biennes, pauc» perennes.
A. Species annu» yel biennes.
a. APTEROSPERMiE.
Semina reniformia yel globosa, dorso nunquam alis undulatis marginato.
Series 1. Dichotomce.
Flores in cincinnis geminatis breyissime pedicellati yel sub- sessiles, primo in dichasio simplici yel daplici, ramis dichasii lateralibus scorpioideis. Calyx eyenius, fructifer apice con- tractus. HerbsB interdum biennes.
a. Semina faciebus plana.
42. SiLENE LAGENOCALYX, Fenzl, in Kotschy, PI Pers, Austr. (1845) ; Bo%88., Fl. Orient, i. p. 587 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 93.
: Forma purpurea.
8yn, S. lagenocalyx var, purpurea, Boiss.^ Fl. Orient.^ i. p. 588. Hah. S. Persia.
43. S. GRfiCA, Boiss, et 8prun,^ Biagn. PL Nov. Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 36 ; Bohrh., Monogr. p. 93.
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Facies S. Behen a qnk differt inflorescentill, calyce haad Tenoso-reticnlato, capsali anguBtiore caljcem distendente, petalisqae.
Qeogr. limits.— N. Epirns, in Turkey, Chodzea (1879). 8. and E, Nome of Messenia, in Greece. W. Ionian Isles ; Cephalonia.
44. SiLENB DICHOTOMA, Ehrh.^ Beitr.y vii. p. 144; Eeichh,, Ic. Fl. Germ, Helv., n. 5071 ; Eokrb., Monogr., p. 94.
/3. IBKRTCA, Bieb.y Fl. Taur. Cauc., i. p. 335 (sp.) ; Bohrh., Monogr.y p. 94. Calyx glabrescens.
Adde syn. S. noctnma, Pall.^ TahL Taur., p. 50.
Some specimens found in 1880 near Deventer, in Holland, bejond the ^geographical limits, were probably introduced.
Qeogr, limits. — N, Moravia, in Austria.
W. Montpellier, in S. France. 8. and E. Prov. of Talysch, in Trans- Caucasia.
45. S. RACEMOSA, Otthy in DC. Frodr., i. p. 384 ; 8ihtK Fl. OroRcay V. t. 414 (S. divaricata) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 95 (S. dichotbma vwr. racemosa).
Caulis pluries et divaricatim dichotomus, pilis crispis canes- «ens. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolum barbato- yillosum attenuata; braci^ead membranacese. Inflorescentias rami divaricato-ramosi. Calyx breviter cylindricus, fructifer ovato-oblongus, nervis viridibus, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, membranaceo-marginatis, setosis. Petala alba, rarius purpurea, bipartita, lobis obovatis, appendicibus minimis obtusis. Capsula ovata carpophorum glabrum ter quaterve fluperans. Semina rugoso-tuberculata, dorso snbcanaliculata, faciebus plana.
Syn, S. Tbirkeana, 0. Koch, in Linncea, xix. (1847) p. 56. . p. BIQIBBOSA, mihi. Corona minima, appendicibus ad duas squamulas vel gibbos reductis.
Syn. S. dicbotoma, Sihth., FL Ormca, v. p. 10, t. 413 ; S. fiessiliflora, PotV., Encyc. Suppl., v. p. 154, et Herb. ; S. Sibtbor- piana, Beichb., FL, Oerm. Exc, p. 815 (in nota) ; S. racemosa var. Sibtborpiana, Boiss., Fl, Orient, i. p. 589.
Species a 8, dichotomd racemis longis laxis divaricatis, calyce 8-10 mm. tantum longo, petalis profundius bipartitis, capBu1& oyatA, differre videtur.
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7. CAUCASIGA, iniht. Rami graciles. Pednncali flomm Ion- giores. Calyx brevior. Stjli longe exserfci. Forma minus canescens. (Badde^ exsicc. (1893), n. 674).
Syn. S. dichotoma var, gracilis, Alhoff^ Enum, PL Transcauc. Occid., p. 32 (1895).
Hah, Gircassia.
B. BUXINA, Rupr., Fl. Caucasia p. 184 ; Boiss,, Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 92.
Planta biennis. Canles numerosi, laterales decambentes. Folia basilaria lanceolato-spatliulata. Semina minora. Geogr, limits. — N. Between Poti and Batonm, in Trans- Caucasia (var. euxina). S. Palestine.
E. Persia; between Teheran and Tabreez. W. Slivno, in B. Rumelia (Skorpil, ex Nym.^ Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl. ii. p. 54).
b. Semina faciebus curvato-excavata.
46. SiLENE VESPKRTiNA, Retz.f Obs. Bot,^ ii. p. 31 ; Willk., Ic. Bescr. PI. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 44, t. 29a ; Eohrh., Monogr., p. 95.
From Betsiu8*8 description this plant is certainly identical with 8. hirsutat Poir., and S* hupida, Desf . Bj authors it is often confused with S. terioea^ which, howerer, difters from it in habit and in the remarkable form of the seeds. It is also near S. hirtuta, Lag. (^ S. laxiflora, Brot.), which latter is distinguished by cincinni simple never geminate, fructiferous calyx not contracted abdTe with oTate obtuse teeth, and claws of the petals exserted.
Geogr. limits, — N. Near Trieste, in Istria. S. N. Algeria. E. Crete. W. Portugal (ex Nym., Gonsp. Fl. Eur., p. 96).
47. S. DiSTiCHA, Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol, p. 476, et herb.,, n. 8660 ; Schranh, PI. Ear., t. 39 (micropetala) ; Bahrh., Monogr., p. 96.
Adde syn. S. hirsnta, Schoush. ex Ball, in Joum. Linn, 8oc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 356. S. pilosa, WiUd., Enum. Hort. Berol., p. 476 (in herb, abest). Geogr. limits. — N. and E. Minorca, in the Balearic Isles. S. Algeria.
W. Portugal (Daveau, Magn. Fl. Sel., exs. n. 1382).
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MB. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENB. 57
Series 2. Scorpioidecp,
Flores in cincinnis simplicibns ; iDterdum infra florem axis primariad terminalem nnilateraliter ramus scorpioidens evolatost ita ut stirps dichotoma esse videatar, dichotomia autem nnn* qnam florigera.
A. Semina reniformia faciebns curvato-excavata, dorso (exc^ 8, gallica et 8. Giraldix) obtuse canal iculata.
a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, a. Filamenta bast villosa ; calyx evenios.
48. SiLENE GALLICA, Linn., Sp, Plant., ed. I. p. 417 ; Rohrb.y Monogr., p. 96.
Species per totam fere orbem terrarum aafaga ob formas pro diverso climate et substratu habitu saepe valde distantea difficillime describenda. In Europ^ medi4 et australi indigena, ad totius fere orbis terraram littora translata et quasi spon- tanea.
(1) Forma genaina, calyx florifer pilis adpressis, fructifer erectis vel patentibus.
— S. gallica, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 417 ; All. Fl. Pedem. iii. t. 79, fig. 3.
(2) Forma pilosior, calyx fructifer pilis horizontaliter patentibus.
— S. lusitanica, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 416 ; Dill. Hort^ EUham., p. 420, t. 311, fig. 401.
(3) Forma ramosior minus pilosa, calyx fructifer pilis reflexis.
— S. anglica, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 416 ; 8yme, Eng. Bot.y ed. III. ii. p. 60, t. 202.
(4) Forma floribus ad ramosum apicem in glomerulos scorpi> oideos 5-10-floro8 aggregatis.
— S. pygmsoa. Link, in Hort. Erfurt, (1838) ; ex Eohrh.,. I.C., 98.
(5) Forma cincinnis duplicibus.
— S. Haenkeana, Presl, in Bel. Haenk., ii. p. 19 (sp. ??).
(6) Forma, petalorum macula punicoo-sangaiuea limbo albido.
— S. qninqneyulnera, Linri., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 416 ; Syrae^ Engl. Bot., ed. III. ii. p. 60, t. 203.
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^ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENK.
Qeogr, limits, — N. Germany. W. Portugal.
8. The Lesser Oasis (El Baliarijeli), in Lower Efcypt (Ascherson^ in M4m. Inst, Egypt, ii. (1889) p. 46). E. Western Gancasns (Nardmann, ex Ledeb., Fl. Bossica, i. (1842) p. 815).
p. Filamenta glabra.
t Calyx evening.
49. SUiBNE GiRALDii, Qu88., PL Inarim,, p. 36, 1. 1 (1855) ; SoAr6., Monogr., p. 98.
Hah. District of Naples; and Magdalena Archipeli^, between Corsica and Sardinia (Vdccari, in Malpighia, 1894, p. 233).
1 1 Calyx stidis anastomosantibns.
50. S. CBRASTioiDE8,inn7i., 8p, Plant, ed. I. p. 117; Sihth.^Fl Oroeca, v. p. 9, t. 412 ; Bohrh., Monogr,, p: 98.
Anctoribns cum 8, galHcd confusa, diff ert autem calycis striis ^anastomosantibns, filamentis glabris, capsul4 rostrate.
8yn, S. tridentata, Botss.^Fl, Orient, suppL^ p. 93 (neo Desf,), Ex $yn. S. articulata = S. gallica. Oeogr, limits. — N. The Alps of Carinthia. E. Anatolia. W. Near Madrid.
S. Egypt, on the coast {Asch. et Schweinf. in Mem. Inst Egypt ii. (1889) p. 46).
51. S. CALYCINA, Salz.,It Hisp. Tingit.; WilUc., Ic. Descr. PL Nov. Hisp., i. p. 51, t. 86 (S. tridentata) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 99 (S. tridentata).
Species priori valde affinis differt habitu majore, floribus majoribus subsessilibus nee pedicellatis, calycis sub anthesi latioris dentibus longioribus, petalis inclusis et capsuled forma. Petala nunqnam tridentata,
8yn. S. coarctata. Lag. (vide Willk., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppL, p. 279 [1893]).
In this plant the petals are invariably bifid : for thie reason Salsmann's later name has been substituted for Desfontaines^s erroneous and inaccurate name of " S. tridentata."
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 59
Oeogr, limits. — 8. and TT. Canary Isles.
N, and E, Near Lerida, in prov. of Catalonia, Spain {Gonzales, ex Willh et Lge., Prodr. FL Hisp., iii, p. 648).
b. Caljx f ractifer apice non contractus. a. Filamenta basi yillosa.
52. SiLENE REFLEXA, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. II. iii. p. 86, (1813) ; Tenore, Fl. Najcolitana, t. 230 (S.neglecta); Bohrh., Monogr., p. 99.
Yalde affinis 8. noctumcBy a qn4 caljce evenio ejnsque denti- bus linearibas herbaceis, petalis emarginatis, filamentis basi ▼illosis, capsnl4 oyato-oblong&, differt.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Pr^jas, in the depart, of Var, France. 8. and W. Algeria. E. Calabria.
/3. Filamenta glabra.
t Capsnla oblonga snbsessilis.
53. S. NOCTUENA, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 416 ; Beichh., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5059 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 100.
8yn. S. Boullni, Jord. ex Mars., Gat. PI. Cors., p. 28.
S. gailica (non JWnn.), Groves, Fl. Terr. Otrant, inNuovo
Glom. Bot. Ital, xix. (1887) p. 130. S. apetala (non WiUd.), Groves, I.e. S. decipiens, BaU, in Joum. Bot. xi. (1873) p. 301.
fi. LASIOCALTX, 8oy-Will., 8il. Alg., p. 20; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 101.
Yarietas calyce lannginoso.
7. BOSEA, Haussh, in MittheU, Thilring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. <1893) p. 52.
Folia inferiora et intermedia spatlinlata mucronnlata. Inflo- rescentia laxior. Petala rosea. Hab, Elensis in the nome of Attica, and near Corinth. Geogr. limits. — N. Lignria, in Italy. E. Palestine. 8. and W. Canary Isles.
54. 8. BttACHYPETALA, Boh. et Cast, in DO., FL Frang., v. p. 607 (1815) ; Ueichh., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 505H ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 101 (S. noctnma var. brachy petala).
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60 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS OX THE GEXUS 8ILENE.
8yn, S. noctuma var, brachjpetala, Benth., Gat. Fl, Fyren.y p. 122 (1826). S. apetala (non WilXd,)^ QroveSy Contrih. Fl, Terr, Otrant, in Nuovo Qiom. Bot. ItoZ., ix. (1877) p. 64. Canlis erectos, simplex vel e basi aliematim ramosns, sea bride pubemlns sapeme Yiscidulas. Folia spatbnlato - lanceolata lanceolatave, pubescentia, inferiora basi ssepe longe ciliata; bractesB ovatsB herbaceeo ciliat® inaBqnales. Flores plus minus distantes. Calyx tubalosns, fmctifer oblongos, pilis brevibns ad nervos virides snpeme anasiomosantes panllnm longioribus, scabridas, dentibns lanceolatis acutis margine scariosis ciliatis ; petala alba subtus viridia raro purpurea albo-marginata cuneata emarginata ecoronata subinclusa. Capsula cylindrica carpophorum pubemlum sexies superans. Semina dorso mar- gine tuberoulaia.
fi. PEBMIXTA, Jord. (sp.) FugilL Flant, Nov,^ in MSm, Acad. Lym, (1851) p. 243; WiUk., Ic. Besar. Fl. Nov. Htsp., i. p. 69, t. 50 A (S. noctuma var. micrantha); Bohrb., Monogr.^ p. 101. Qeogr. limits. — N. Narbonne, in the depart, of Aude. 8. Algeria.
E. Pompeiopolis, in Cilicia. W. Teneriffe.
tt Capsula carpopborum bis terye superans, vel fere soquans.
55. SiLENE REMOTIFLORA, Fw., Fl. Bdlmatica, iii. p. 166, t. 53 (1852); Bohrh., Monogr., p. 101. Hah. Near Gelsa, in Dalmatia.
66. S. OBTUSIFOLU, Willd., Enum.Hort. Berol.y p. 473, et Herb., n. 8629; Goss., Elustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iy.(1890) p. 125, t. 79; Bohrh., Monogr.y p. 102.
Adde syn, S. mauritanica, Fomel^ Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlanta p. 328 (1874).
Oeogr. limits. — N. Near Faro, in prov. Algarve, Portugal. 8. and W. Canary Isles. E. Lower Egypt.
67. S. HIBSUTA, Lag., Varied, de Cienc. (1805) p. 212 ; WUlk.y Ic. Descr. Fl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 43, t. 29 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 102.
Adde syn. S. hispida, 8alzm. ex Ball, in Joum. Linn. 8oc, {Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 358.
Oeogr. limits. — Spain and Portugal.
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON IHB OENUS SILENE. 61
58. SiLENB POMPEIOPOUTANA, /. Oaijy ex Boiss,, Fl. Orient, J i. p. 595 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 108.
Hdb, Buins of Pompeiopolis, on the coast of Cilicia, sear Mersina.
59. S. MOGADOREN8I8, Goss. et BaL in Bdl., PL Marocc, Exsicc, (1867), ap. Goss. in Bull 8oc. Bot. Fr., xxii. (1875) p. 55 ; et lUustr. Fl. Atlant.JaBC. iv. (1890) p. 126, tt. 80, 81.
Caules 20-60-ceiitim. longi, solitarii v. plures, saBpius a basi vel infra niedinm ramoai, erecti vel laterales adscendentes, pnbescenti-glandnlosi. Folia inf eriora obovato-oblonga, obtasa, in petiolum attennata, pilis brevissimis quasi punctata, margine ciliata, ciliis inferionbns Baapins elongatis, media et snperiora sspins longins snpescentia et ciliata oblongo-lanceolata yel lanceolata acnta, in vai*. fi ohlonga vel obvato-oblonga obtnsa. Bracteaa inferiores conformes, superiores valde insaqnales lineari- lanceolataa vel lineares cam pedicellis et caljcibns plus minus pubescenti-glanduloB®. Flores erecti vel suberecti, inferioribus ssepius longe superioribus brevius vel brevissime pedicellatis, in pseudoracemos terminales geminates, rarius solitaries, simplices vel bifidos, subsecundos, laxos 4-9-floros dispositi. Galjx tubuloso-infundibnliformis truncato-umbilicatus, f mctifer infra capsulam constrictus, pubescenti-glandulosus, membran- aceus, nervis virentibus vel rubescentibus, supeme vix anas* tomosantibus, dentibus ovatis obtnsiusculis membranaceo- marginatis ciliatis. Petala purpurascentia bipartita, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis ovato-oblongis subintegris vel erosulis. Capsnla cjlindraceo-oblonga carpophorum glabrum fere bis superans.
a. OENUINA. Planta dense pubescenti-glandulosa pube pilis numerosis elongatis permizt&. Folia caulina oblongo-lanceoiata vel lanceolata apice sensim acutata.
8yn. S. canariensis, Otth^ in DO. Frod/r.^ i. p. 372.
S. corrogata, Ball, in Joum. Bot., xi. (1873) p. 301, et Spicil. Fl. Marocc. in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 359. S. adasta, Ball, in Joum. Linn, 8oc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 360.
fi. OBTUSIFOLIA, Ooss., lUustr. FL Ailant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 127, t. 81. Planta parcius pubescenti-glandulosa pilis minus infloqualibus. Folia caulina oblonga vel obovato-oblonga obtusa.
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62 MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILEXE.
7. MACROSPEEMA, CoM, Illnstr, Fl, AilanL, fasc. iv. (1890) p. 127. Planta sparse pabescenti-glandnlosa pilis partus inasqualibas. Folia canlina obtasa. Caljx amplior, fractifer Rupeme obloDgo-snbolavatns. Semioa maxima dorso evideniias canalicalata.
Hab, Marocco.
60. SiLENE PAL^STINA, Boiss,^ Dtogn, PL Nov, Or,^ Ser. I. viii. p. 80 ; Bohrb.j Monogr., p. 103.
fi, DAMiSCENA,Bow«. et Godll, (sp.) Diagn, PL Nov. Or,^ Ser. II. vi. p. 34 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 103.
In the BpeoimenB sent to Bolirl>ac1i by Boissier himself as authentic, the capsule is found Bometimes to be twice the length of the carpophore (as under the name of 8. damatcena), at another time nearly equal to it, so that in this character it cannot be distinguished from 8, tiderophila, Boiss. et GkiU., and as 8, damatcena can only be considered as a yariety of 8. palasHna, 8. ndsrophila is reduced to a synonym. In Fl, OrUM.,. Jtuppl., p. 94, Boissier coincides with this riew of the species — "Huic speciei 8. damaseenam et 8, $iderophilam ut yarietatee cl. Bohrbach con- jungit quod ulterioribus obserrationibus mihi cooprobandum esse yidetur.*'
Oeogr. limits. — N Mt. Lebanon (yar. damascena).
E, Near Damascus (var, damascena). S. and W. Gaza, on the coast of Syria.
61. S. AFFiNis, Boiss., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. II. i. p. 72; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 104.
Differt a S. viUosd floribns snb antbesi breviter nee calyci BBquilonge pedicdllatis, calycis brevioris dentibus elongatis obtasis, petalomm lobis linearibos, capsule ovatd, seminom duplo majornm form& diversissimft.
As Bohrbach points out, Boissier in Fl. Orient., i. p. 698, misquotes himself in citing 8. affinis as a MS« name. The reason, howeyer, why he re-named the plant 8. arabica was his recognition of 8. afflnU, Godr., as a good species (* Fl. Juyen.,' ed. I. p. 9), which latter Bohrbach shows is in no way to be distinguished from 8. micropetala, so that Boissier's first name is one to be restored, which Bohrbach has done.
PLab. At the base of Mt. Sinai.
B. Semina reniformia valde compressa, faciebus concayioscala^ dorso acute canaliculata.
a. Calycis strisB anastomosantes, yel snperne conjunctae.
o. Calyx fructiferapice contractus.
62. S. BREviSTiPKS, sp. nov.
Gaules 35-40 centim. simplices vel parce ramosi, centralis
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 6S
erectns, laterales adscendentes, pilis crispalis vestiti. Folia oblanceolato-spathnlata macronata pnberala parce ciliata, basi in petiolnm attenuata, apice rotundata, snperiora angnstiora, omnia uninervia ; bractesB lineari-Ianceolat® acnt«B lannginoso- ciliat®. Flores breviter pedioellati. Caljx tubnlosus infeme hand nmbilicatns, frnctifer ampliato ovoidens infra capsnlam vix attennatns, nervis viridibns snpeme yen& nnidL conjnnctis, pilis longis oonfervoideis patentibns vestitis, inter nervos antem scabrido-pnbernlns, dentibns lanceolatis acuminaiis albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala e caljce exserta bipartita lobis lineari-oblongis. Filamenta glabra. Capsnla ovata snbsessilis, carpopfaomm glabmm mnlties snperans. — ^Valde affinis S, Tnaroc- canoe, ab e4 primo antem dignoscenda caljce fmctifero apice eontracto, prseterea differt foliis oblanceolato-spathnlatis mucro- natis, bracteis lannginoso-ciliatis, petalomm lobis latioribns, carpopboro glabro brevissimo; a S, setaced differt jam primo aspecta, caljcis nervis confervoideis, etc.
Described from specimens sent by Rev. R. P. Murray.
Hah, Near Lagnna, TenerifEe, Bev. E. P. Murray (Jane, (1892).
/3. Calyx frnctifer apice non contractus.
Of the next species described by Rohrbaoh (No. 46), which is 8, ligulata, Viv.,
Lusus 1 = S. setacea.
Lusus 2 = S. sei-icea a. pnbicalycina.
63. SiLENE CANOPICA, Boiss., Fl, Orient.^ i. p. 696; Bohrh.y Monogr,^ p. 105 (S. biappendiculata, Ehrenb,) ; Coss,, lUustr. Ft, AtlanL, fasc. iv. (1890) t. 79 (semina).
Differt a 8, setaced, foliis oblongis vel oblongo-linearibus non anguste linearibus, calycis dentibns obtnsis, nervis com- missaralibns snpeme latins vennlis anastomosaDtibns retica- latis, petalis parpnrascentibus, lobis oblongo-linearibns snpeme latioribns, seminibns roajoribns dorso, profandins et angustins canalicnlatis, canalicnlo utrinqae marginato, marginibns angnstis planis vel snbnndulatis.
Bohrbaoh suppressed the name of S. canopica, misled by the erroneous supposition that the specimens from Denderah (Monoffr.y p. 110), thus labelled and distributed bj Sieber were authentic, whereas this plant of Sieber's is S, inlloaa, Forsk., a species which does not occur at or near Aboiiklr, the present name of the ancient Canopus. Ehrenberg's authentic specimens of '* S, biappendiculata,'* asd Delile*s authentic specimens of
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^4 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILBNE.
** S. eanopica,** which are in the Monfcpellier herbarium, are, aooording to Sohweinfurth, identical plants; but the descriptions of these specimens were not published till 1867, and in each case posthumously. Delile's plant was described by Boissier (Fl, Orient , i. p. 506), and Ehrenberg's plant was described by Bohrbaoh (BoL Zeit, xxv. (1867) p. 82) ; Bohrbaoh after- wards rejecting S. eanopica^ because he was tmaware that Sieber^s specimens, which were the ones that he examined, were wrongly labelled. Therefore, in riew of Bohrbach's misapprehension of the identity of the species, the name taken up by Boissier is to be preferred as the name of the species, and Boissier's description should be cited as the authority, since the specimens do not seem to hare been adequately distributed.
Hab, Lower Egypt ; near Alexandria and Damietta.
64 SiLENB KuscHAKBWiczi, Begel et Schmalh, in Act, Hort, Petrop., V. (1877) p. 246.
Caulis simplex, adscendens, geniculato-flexnosns, retrorso- paberalos. Folia obverse oblonga, acuta, integerrima, aspenda, ramalomm sterilium in petiolom ima basi ciliatnm attennata. Flores initio snbsessiles demum longe pedicellati. Pedancnli pedicelli calyeesqae pilis tennibns albis confervoideo-crispiR eglandolosis albido-villosnli. Calyx cylindrico-clavatns albido- membranaceas, nervis pnrporascentibns apicem versus lateraliter anastomosantibus instructus, dentibus elliptioo-lanceolatis obtusis late albo-marginatis. Petala alba bifida, unguibus paullulum exsertis, limbo obovato, lobis obovato-oblongis obtusis, appendicibus binis emarginatis.
Hah, Near Wernoje, in Turkestan.
65. S. SETACBA, Ftt?., FL Lyh., p. 23, t. 12 (1824) ; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 105.
Lusus 1. Caulis ssepe ramosus; calyx inter nervos glaber nervis densissime hirsntis ; ungues petalorum ezserti.
Adde syn, S. ligulata, FVt;., Fl. Lyb., p. 24, t. 12; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 104, et in Linncea^ xxxvi. (1870) p. 261.
Lusus 2. Caulis humilior; flores paullum minores; calyx totus breviter pubescens ; ungnes petalorum inclusi.
Adde syn. S. brachystachys, Webb, Fragm, FL Aethiop.-Aegypty p. 34; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 109, et in LinnoRa, xxxvi. (1870) p. 261.
Geogr, limits, — N, Tunis. S, Nubia. E, Arabia Petraea. W, Djebel Tizelmi, in S.W. Morocco.
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66. SiLENE MAROCCANA, Coss., lllustr, Fl. Atlanta fasc. iv. (1890) p. 130, t. 83.
Canles 12-^0 centim. longi, plures, graciles, simplices vel parce ramosi, centrali erecto lateralibas adscendentibus, rarius solitarii erecti. Folia linearia plana vel condnpHcata rarius oblongo-lanceolata acata, dense pubemla; bractesB lanceolatie vel lineares, hispidie ciliataB. Flores erecti, breviter pedicellati, in psendoracemos terminates simplices sabsecundos 3-12-floros disposiii. Calyx tnbnlosns, fructifer ojlindraceo-dilatatns infra capsulam constrictas, albido-membranacens, inter nervos vix snb lente puberulns vel glabresoens, nervis longe villosis viridibns, dentibns lanceolato-triangalaribus acatis albo-mar- ginatis ciliatis. Petala alba, prof ande bipartita, lobis anguste linearibns, appendicibns binis ovatis, omnibus in tnbnm connatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsnla oblongo-cylindracea, carpophomm pilis retrorsis pnbescens bis terve superans. Semina marginibas alasformibus latiusculis plus minus nndnlatis.
A S. setaced differt foliis saepius minus angnstis, stipite capsniil bis terve breviore non pauUo breviore, et imprimis seminum fabric^ nempe sub lente vix striatul4 dorso profunde et anguste canaliculate, canaliculo in fundo baud tuberculat.o utrinque marginato, marginibns alsBformibus latiusculis plus minus undulatis.
Syn, S. getula, Pomel, Nouv. Mai. Fl. Atlant.^ p. 329.
Hah. Marocco, Seignette (1870).
b. Calyx striatus evenius. a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus.
67. S. Heldreichii, Baiss., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or.^ Ser. I. viii. p. 81 ; Fl. Orient, suppl, p. 92 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 106.
Adde: Calyx fructifer oblongus infra capsulam valde con- strictus, dentibus carinatim nervosis. Capsula ovato-oblonga dentibns calycinis longe superata. Semina tuberculata.
Differt a S. dichotomd jam primo aspectu caule simplici nee dichotomo, bracteis herbaceis, floribus sessilibus, calycis dentibus elongatis.
Hob. Anatolia, near Adalia; and Cilicia Trachea, on the promontory of Alaya, Cape Anamour, and Mt. Yamourdabe- dagh.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. F
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66 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
68. SiLENE OXYODONTA, Barhey, Serhor. an Levant^ p. 121 , t. 11 (1882).
Caulis e basi ramosns, ramis adscendentibna pilis longis crispis griseo-pubescentibus. Folia inferiora oblongo-spathnlata basi attennata acuta ; braotsB horbace® oblongo-lineares acnts basi dilatatsB. Flores snbsessiles, inferiore alari. Calyx oblongns basi truncatas, nerris latis in cristas acutas prominentibns viridibns pilis crispis longis hirsutis, dentibus rigidis lanceo- latis acntis snbrecnryis. Petala intense purpurea, magna obcordata, bifida, lobis obtnsis, appendicibns binis minimis ovatis. Carpopbornm cum ovarii ^ parte aBquilongum.
8, racemosoB et prsesertim 8, Heldretchii affinis a qn& floribns inferioribua alaribns, caljce florifero oblongo nee cjlindrico, nervis in cristas prominentibus percurso, difFert.
ffah. In the Plain of Esdraelon, below Nazareth.
fi. Caljx fnictifer apice non contractus.
69. S. ScHWEiNPURTHi, Bohrh, in Bot. Zeitung^ xxv. (1867) p. 82 ; Monogr., p. 106.
Hab. Nubia and Abyssinia.
70. S. ARABIC A, sp. nov.
Caulis adscendens, pauUnm ramosus, pnbescens. Folia glan- cescentia, inferiora ovato-Ianceolata, acuta, intermedia lanceo- lato-spathulata in petiolum tenuem longe attenuata, superiora minima; bracteee lineares acnminatad longe ciliateB. Calyx gracilis cylindricus, fructifer clavatas ampliatns infra capsulam fK)nstrictus, striis purpureis, dentibus lanceolatis acutis albo- marginatis densissime ciliatis. Petala rosea, appendicibns ovatis. Capsula ovata, carpophoram fere bis superans.
A 8. Schweinfurthi differfc praesertim habitu laxiore glau- cescenti, foliis latis longius attenuatis, calyce angusto, striis purpnreis.
8yn. S. chirensis, A. Rich, ex Barley , PL Arab. Schweinf. (1889).
This specific name was one substituted by Boissier (Fl. Orient, i. p. 593), for his own 8. affinis (which he misquotes as a MS. name), when he found that Godron had also described a S. affinia. But, as Eohrbach points out, 6K>dron*6 plant is in no way to be distinguished from 8. micro- petala^ so that Boissier^s first name stands, and <^. ardbica becomes a synonym and ayailable for a new species.
Hab, Gebel Schibam, near Menacha, in Arabia Felix ( Schweinfurth) ,
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 67
71. SiLENE CHiRENSis, A, Bich.y Tent, Fl, Abyss,, i. p. 44 (1847); Rohrb.y Monogr., p. 106 (S. schirensis).
Hab, Abyssinia.
C. Semina reniformia, faciebns plana, dorso plas minus obtuse canaliculata.
a. Caljcis evenii nervi pilis basi balbosis vel squamulis acutis vestiti, calyx fructifer apice contractus.
72. S. TBINEBVU, Sebast, et Mauri, Fl. Bom., p. 152, t. 2 ; Beichb., Ic. Flor. Germ, Helv., n. 5069 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 107.
Adds: Caulis simplex, vel interdum dicbotome ramosus. Pedicelli calyce breviores pilis retrorsis pubescentes. Calyx anguste clavatus, fructifer ampliatus. Petala obcordato- cuneata. Filamenta glabra. Carpophorum puberulam (non glabrum).
Oeogr, limits. — N, The Banat, in Hungary. IT. Near Rome. 8. Anavryti, in the nome of Messenia,
Greece. E. Island of Khio, in the Turkish Archi- pelago.
73. S. SCABRIDA, Say. -Will et Qodr., Sil. AlgSr.,'p. 33; Exped, Scient. en Alg&rie, Bot., t. 81 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 107.
Differt a 8. trinervid floribus minoribus approximate, calyois exumbilicati nervis squamulas, nee piles curvatos, gerentibBfl, commissuris levibus, dentibus acutis, petalorum appendicibus obtuse bipartitis, capsul& ovoided. carpophore glabro sufPultft.
Hab. Algeria.
74. S. OROPEDiORUM, Goss., Blustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 132, t. 84.
Caules 10-40 centim. longi, simplices vel parce ramosi, nonnunquam supeme dichotomi, adpresse puberulo-scabridi. Folia infeme ciliata, infeHora obovata yel oblonga, in petioluni breviter attenuata, media oblongo-lanceolata obtusinscula, superiora linearia basi et apice attenuata ; bracteie lineares, pediceUos longe suporantes. Floras erecti, breviter pedicellati, in pseudoraoemos 3-10-floro9 dispositi. Calyx oblongo-tubu- losus albidns, fructifer dilatatus infra capsulam angustatus, nervis viridibus latis planis crassis, a pilis latis rigidis squamu-
p 2
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68 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENE.
laBformibus adpressis obtectis, dentibns longis lineari-lanceolaiis acntis albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala alba profande bipartita, lobis anguste linearibas, appendicibas bipartitis, lobis oblongis in tabnm sabcobsBrentibns. FilameDta glabra. Capsnla ovato- oblonga supeme acatata, oarpophomm glabrum 3-4-p1o snperans. Semina tenuiter cormgata, faciebns anfractuosa; canalicnli dorsalis marginibus cerebriformi-anfractaosis.
A 8. scahridd differt, calycis dentibns angnstioribns longiori- bnsqne, petalomm lobis linearibas, et prffisertim seminnm fabridL.
Hah, Algeria.
b. Calyx glaber vel, si pnbesceus, pilis basi non bnlbosis
vestitns.
a. Calyx fructifer apioe non contractus.
t Calyx nervis anastomosantibns.
75. SiLENE MiCEOPETALA, Log.^ Chn. et Sp. PI.J p. 15 (1816) ; Soy.'Wtllj Exp. ScienL en Algeriej Bot.^ t. 81 (S. vestita) ; Rohrb., Monogr.f p. 108.
Geogr, limits, -—N. Foencarral, in prov. of New Castile, Spain. S. and E. Near Oran, in Algeria. W. Faro, in prov. of Algarve, Portugal .
76. S. ciSPLATBNSis, Cambess, in A, St, Hil, Fl, BrasU, Merid,, ii. p. 117, t. 108 ; Mart., Fl. Brasil., xiv. pars ii. p. 291, t. m (1872) ; Eohrh., Morwgr., p. 108.
Species priori valde affinis, differt tamen pabescenti^, calycis dentibns ovatis, petalis longe diversis.
Hab, Umgaay ; near tbe city of Monte- Video.
77. S. IMBRICATA, Desf., FL Atlantica, i. p. 349, t. 98 (1798) ; Eohrb.f Monogr,j p. 109.
/3. PoMRLi, Battand. (sp.) in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxviii. (1891) p. 219.
Planta bispida ; calyx nervis parce anastomosantibns. Syn. S. obtnsifolia (non Willd.) Pomel,
This plant is not sufficiently distinct from S. imbricata to be considered a separate species.
Hob. Algeria.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OENUS SILENE. 69
tt Calyx evenins.
78. SiLENE CLAKDESTiNA, Jocq.y Collect,, suppL, p. Ill (1796) t. 3 ; Bohrb.y Monogr,, p. 109.
Adde syn. S. angnstifolia, Z>. Dietr,, Syn. Plant, ii. p. 1568 (1839-1862).
Qeogr, area. — ^Africa. — N, Algeria. S. Cape Colony.
79. S. DISCOLOR, Sihth. et Smith, Prodr. FL Oroec, i. p. 292 (1806); FL Qrceca, v. t. 410 ; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 110.
Habitu yalde accedit ad S. pompeiopolitanam, differt tamen pnbescentii, floribas omnibus breviter pedicellatis, petaloram colore, seminumqae forrn^ divers^.
Oeogr. limits. — E. Cyprus.
W. Island of Milo, in the Grecian Archipelago.
80. S. viLLOSA, Forsk., Fl, Aegypt, Arab., p. 88 (1775) ; Reichb., Ic. FL Germ. Helv., n. 5066 (S. sericea) ; Bohrb,, Mmogr., p. 110.
fi. MICROPETALA, O088. in Bowg. PL Alger. Bar., n. 229 (1856) ; Batt., Fl. de VAlgerie, p. 136 (1888). Petala redncta, laminis roseis.
Losas 2. forma indumento longiore magis viscoso, floribus albidis.
Syn. S. yillosa var. isma&litica, Schweinf. in Asch. et Schtceinf., Illustr. Fl. d'^gypte, in Mem. Inst. JSgypt ii. (1889) p. 748.
7. DESKRTICOLA, Schweiuf. exs., n. 53 (1880), in Herb. Kew. (ined.).
Densissime et aspemle viscido-tomentosa. Caules foliosi mnltiflori. Folia trinervia, sed nervis pnbescenti4 obscnratis.
Syn. Silene sp., n. 142, Bromfield (1851), Herb. Hook, in Herb. Kew.
Hah. Yadi Tnmil&t, near Ismail ia. Lower Egypt. Geogr. limits. — N. Palestine, near the Dead Sea {Tristram, Surv. West. Palest. Bot., p. 242). S. Upper Egypt. E. Mt. Sinai, in Arabia Petrsea. W. Ain Sefra, in the Algerian Desert.
p. Calyx fructifer apice contractus.
81. S. PENDULA, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 418 ; Curt., Bot. Mag., t. 114 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 111.
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70 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GBNUS SILENE.
Adde: Canles decnmbentes. Calyx vix nmbilicatns. Pila- menta glabra.
Adde syn, S. Corsica (non DC), Sang., Fl. Bom. Prodr. Alt., p. 769 (1855). /. lepinensis, Terrace. inNuovo Qiom. Bot. Ital, (1894), p. 153. Canles abbreviati, erecfci nee decnmbentes, parce ramosi. Folia ima dense rosnlata, cetera minora rarioraqne. Mores subnnilaterales mediocres. Semina snbrotando-reniformia, tnbercnlato-hispida.
Hah. Mt. Lepini, near Rome. Oeogr. limits. — N. Near Borne. E. Cypms.
8. Djordjnra, in Algeria (Debeaux, in Rev. Bot. France, xi. (1893) p. 57).
D. Semina globosa, dorso convexa, facidbus plano-convexa. nndique obtuse tnberculata.
a. Calyx frnctifer apice non contractus, evenins.
82. SiLBNB ADSCEKDENS, Lag., Gen. et 8p. PL, p. 15, n. 194 (1816) ; walk., Ic. Desc. PI. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 41, t. 27 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 111.
In mountain specimens the petals are larger. HaJb. S. Spain.
83. S. LiTTOBEA, Brot.,Fl. Lusit., ii. (1804) p. 186; Willk., Ic. Desc. PL Nov. Hisp., i. p. 49, t. 34 a ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 112.
fi. BLATIOR, Willk., I.e., t. 34 b; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 650; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 112 (S. littorea, lusus 2).
Species a S. villosd, qu4 confnsa est, di£fert calycis dentibus lanceolatis obtnsis et praesertim seminum forma. Geogr. limits. — N. Vigfo Bay, in Gralicia.
E. Iviza, in the Balearic Islands. S. Coast of Andalusia. W. Near Lisbon.
b. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, striis anastomosantibus.
84. S. PSAMMiTis, Link, ap. Spreng., Nov. Prov. Hal. BeroL, p. 39 ; Willk., Ic. Desc. PL Nov. Hisp., p. 40, t. 25 (S. Agro- stemma) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 113.
Nomen Linkii Rohrbach anteposuit, quod hflsc forma est quasi intermedia inter S. Agrostemmam et S. lasiostykum, ita ut
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altera in alfceram speciem Linkianam transeat neqne varietates dignosci possant. (Confer Ascherson in *Bot. Zeitnng/ xvii. 1859, p. 293.)
— Differt S, psammitia a S. villosd et a S, penduld prsBsertim seminibas ; S. pendulce ealyce fructif ero ampliato, apice contracto, magis accedit, di£Eert autem jam nervis anastomosantibna et capsaU ovato-conic^.
fi. LASIOSTYLA, Boiss. (sp.), Diogn. PL Nov. Or.y Ser. I. viii. p. 79 ; Willk,, Ic. Besc, PI Nov. Hisp., i. p. 40, t. 26 ; Willk, et Lange^ Prodr. Fl. Hisp,, iii. p. 651.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Sierra de Gnadarrama, prov. of Old Castile. S. Near Tangier, in Morocco. E. Sierra de Segnra, prov. of Mnrcia. W. Portugal.
b. DipterospemwB.
Semina rotund o-reniformia compressa, faciebns plaoiuscula, dorso alis duabus undulatis marginato profuude canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus vel interdum geminatis.
a. Capsul® carpophorum pnberulum.
85. SiLBNB SERiCEA, AU., Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 81, t. 79, f. 3 (1785) ; Desf., Fl. Atlant., i. p. 362, t. 100 (S. bipartita) ; Jacq.y Fragm., i. 59 (S. hispauica) ; Eeichb.y Ic. Fl. Oerm. Hdv., n. 5068 (S. vespertina) ; Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. p. 253, t. 17, f . I (var. angustifolia) ; Willd.y Hort. BeroL, faac. ii. t. 23 (S. hirta) ; Willk., Ic. Descr. PI. Nov. Hisp., p. 45, t. 30 (S. bipartita o vulgaris, B : forma parviflora,), t. 31 (forma angus- tifolia), t. 32 (S. sericea) ; Tanfani, in Pari. Fl. Italiana, ix. p. 369 ; Bohrh., Monogr., pp. 113-117 (S. sericea, et S. colorata, PotV.).
HsBc species poljmorpha in duas subspecies divideatur : —
1. Subspec. S. colorata, Poir.
2. Subspec. S. Oliveriana, Otth.
1. Subspec. S. colorata, Poir., Voy. en Barb.y p. 163 (1798).
Folia inferiora obtnsa. Caljx pilis adpressis plus minus longis vestitusy ad strias iuterdum lanuginosus, dentibus ovatis. Petala rosea, unguibus longe exsertis, lobis cnneato-oblongis raro lineari-oblongis, appendicibus oblongis acatisve.
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72 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENU3 8ILENE.
Grex a. pnbicalycina FenzL Canlis erectas vel adscendens ; calyx pube brevisaim^ ad strias adpress^ vix longiore vestitus, interdam inter strias glaber.
a. yuLGARis, WiUL, Ic, Bescr. PL Nov. Hisp., i. p. 45, t. 30 a ; Willk, et Lange, Prodr. FL Hisp.y iii. p. 651. Adde syn. S. saxicola, Bouy, in Bull, Soc. Bot France , xxix. (1882) p. 43. S. seoandiflora, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 375.
/3. DECUMBENS, 5ir. (sp.), Stcul PI Cent., i. p. 75, t. 6 (1806) ; Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 677 (1803), (S. vespertina).
Grex h. trichocal jcina, FenzL Caalis erectas vel adscendens ; calyx ad strias pilis longis confervoideis pnbescens, inter strias glaber.
7. DISTACHYA, Brot. (sp.), Fl. Lujtit., ii. p. 189 (1804) ; Phytogr. LusiL seL, t. 71 ; Willk., Tc. Descr. PL Nov. Hisp., i. p. 45, t. 30, CD. (S. bipartita va/r. lasiocalyx) ; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. FL Hisp., iii. p. 652.
B. PTEROPLEUBA, Co88. in Bourg. PL d'Alg. (1856), n. 224 (S. bipartita var. pteroplenra).
Grex c. crassifolia, Moris. Canlis hnmilis decnmbens. Folia camosa saborbicnlata vel spatbnlata. Cincinni panciflori. Calyx totns pilis longis sericeis adpressis vestitus.
Syn. S. sericea var. crassifolia, Moris, FL Sardoa, i. p. 253^ U 17 (1837).
2. snbspec. S. Oliveriana, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 373.
Canlis adpresse vel patnle pnbescens. Folia omnia acnta linearia vel lanceolata ; bractesB lineares. Calyx ad strias pilis brevibns recnrvis vestitns, inter strias scabridns, dentibus oblongis. Petala alba, ungnibns panllnm exsertis, lobis lineari- bus, appendicibns ovatis obtnsis.
As the late Enrico Tan&ni points out, the description of the seeds of S. sericea as giren by Bohrbach is erroneous, and that they are exactly similar to those of S. colorata; this being so, there is no reason for separating the two species, and S. sericea being the older name becomes the proper name for this extremely variable and polymorphous species. He says: '*Anche Bohrbach, il monografo del genere, guidato forse in errore dalla figura di Willkomm (loc. cit,, t. 32) nella quale il seme h rappresentato esageratamente sotto una forma cui talora si avvicina, ha creduto che la S, sericea non corrispondesse alia pianta tanto estesamente diffusa nella regione mediterranea e per la quale cred^ dover quindi
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 73
adottare il nome di 8. eolorata. Ma h indubitato che la pianta di AUioni non h altro cbe la comune 8, sericea tanto abbondante in tutto il nostro littorale. Talora i semi in alcuni frutti mal sviluppati restano piii piccoli^ e con le ali mono ben syiluppate. lo in un medeaimo fr ut to ho potuto osservare semi perfetti reniformi e semi striminziti e che assumeyano forma paragonabile a quella di im orecchio." Tbe iconography of this species has been more fully given in order to compare and estimate the Talue of the deviations from the type, and to avoid confusion from the over- lapping descriptions in the discrimination of the various forms figured.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Near Trieste, in Istria. S. Abyssinia.
E, Near Teheran, in Persia. W. Canary Islands.
86. SiLENE GLAUCA, Pourr. herb, ex Lag., Elench. Hort. Madrit. (1808), ^de ej. Gen. et Sp. Nov., p. 15; (et sec. specim. ex horto Madritensi in herb. Link>) ; Willk., Ic. Descr. PI. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 42, t. 28 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 117.
Adde : Flores erecto-patnli. Calyx striis virentibus vel purpurascentibos. Petala obovato-cuneata, tinguibxis inclusis.
Differt a S. sericed, bracteis fere aBqnalibns, calyce breviore fraetifero valde ampliato nmbilicato, striis latioribns snperne venosis, petalis minus profunde bipartitis (bilobis), capsullL globosH, seminibas duplo majoribus.
Ex syn. S. secundiflora = S. sericea.
fi. MiNoe, Bouy, Exc. Bot. Esp., ii. (1883) p. 63 ; Willk., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppl, p. 279 (1893). Caulis hnmilis, 8-15 centim. longas, subsimplex 1-2-florus. Folia brevia^ basilaria lanceolata, caulina inferiora angaste lanceolata, saperiora linearia fere subnlata. Flores minores. Oeogr. limits. — N. Near Barcelona, in Catalonia. S^ Algeria. E. Balearic Isles. W. Near Tangier, in Marocco.
87. S. GLABRESCENS, Coss., Ulustr. Fl. Atlaut., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 133, t. 85.
Glabrescens. Caules 10-20 centim. longi, erecti vel late- rales ascendent es, ad medium vol a basi ramosi, rarius simpHces. Folia pilis ad tuberculum redactis, punctata, margine scabra, infeme longe et parce ciliata, inferiora obovata vel obovato-oblonga in petiolum latum attenuata, subrasulata.
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74 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
caulina oblongo-lanccolata vel lanceolata snbsessilia. Bracteaa foliis Buperioribxus conformes, saperiores valde insBqnales. Flores saberecti vel erecto.patuli inferiores ssepius longe superiores breviter pedicellati in cincinnos simplices 2-7-floro8 dispositi. Caljx glaber tubalosas nmbilicattLS, fructifer tantum dilatatus, supeme hand constrictiis, albo-membranaceos, nervis viridibus vel rubentibus commissuralibas supeme vennlas plures emittentibas sed venula nnic^ suprema cam reticnlo nervi sepalini conflaentibas, dentibns ovato-triangularibus acntis albo-marginatis breviter ciliatis. PetaJa bipartita, lobis obloDgis, ungnibns subexsertis, appendicibus binis ovato- suborbicnlatis, omnibus in coronam snbcobaBrentibas. Fila- menta glabra. Capsnla ovato-oblonga, carpophornm sabeequans.
Ab h&c plants S. longicaulis differt foliis pnbescentibns, fioribas parvulis, caljce basi attennata, appendicibus parvnlis acatis, capsultl oblongi carpophornm bis terve snperante.
Hob, Marocco.
88. SiLENB LONGICAULIS, Pourr. ex Lag., Blench, Hort, Madrit.f ISOS.Jide ej. Gen, et Sp, Nov., p. 15 ; Willk., Ic, Desor. PI Nov, Htsp,, i, p. 61, t. 4A B"; Eohrh., Monogr., p. 117.
Adds: Inconspicna. Caalis simplex vel farcato-ramosns, s8Bpe pnrpurascens. Flores erecto-patuli. Petala parvnla, nngnibus inclnsis fance in tnbnm connatis.
Oeogr, limits, — E, Puerto Real, on S. coast of Spain. Wf Faro, on S. coast of Portugal.
b. Capsules carpophornm glabrum.
89. S. APETALA, WiUd,, Sp. Plant,, ii. p. 703 (non 307 nt passim), et Herb,, n. 8656 (1799); Reichh,, Ic, Fl. Germ, Helv., u, 5060 ; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 118.
^. ALEXANDRINA, Asch,, Illustr. Fl. d' Egypte, iti Mem, Inst, ^Egypte, ii. (1889) p. 46.
Calycis nervi villis tuberculis insidentibus hirsnti.
Hab, Egypt ; on the coast.
Geogr, limits, — N, Talavera, in prov. of New Castile, Spain.
S. Island of Korgo, in the Persian Gulf.
E. Afghanistan.
W, Canary Isles.
90. S. DECIPIENS, Barcelo, in Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist, Nat., viii. (1879) p. 340; Fl, Isl, Baleares, p. 61.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON TH£ GENUS SILENE. 75
Gaolis erectns e basi ramostis pnbescens, 12-27 centim. lon^us. Folia uninervia, inferiora ovato-lanceolata in petiolnm vagin- antem attenuata, intermedia lanceolato-linearia acata ; bractece parvcB ovato-lanceolatae, acntfo. Flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx tobnloHns, fructifer ovato-oblongnn, striis viridibns pilosis supeme anastomosantibos, dentibns elongato-lanceolatis aontis margine scariosis. Petala bi partita rosea, lobis linearibns obtnsis, appendicibns binis linearibns obtasis. Capsnla ovato- cjliudrica carpophomm sexies snperans. Semina parva, faciebns concavinscnia, dorso obtnse canalicniata.
Hah, Majorca, in the Balearic Isles.
B. Species perennes. a. ApterospermsB. Semina reniformia vel auriformia, dorso nnnquam alis ondnlatis marginato. Flores in cincinnis simplicibns.
A. Canles florigeri e basi rosnlsB foliorum terminalis latcr- aliter edent.es.
91. SiLENE LEGiOMENSis, Lag,, Oen, et Sp. PI,, p. 14, n. 188 (1816) ; WUlk,, Ic, Vescr, PL Nov, Hisp,, i, p. 67, t. 51 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 118.
Adde : Flores snb anthesi patnli, postea erecti. Geogr, limits, — N. and W, Cantabrian Mountains, in Galicia. S. and E, Sierra de Segura, in prov. of Murcia.
92. S. ATLANTiCA, Co88. el Lur. in Bull, Soc, Bot, France, ii. (1855) p. 307; Illustr, n, Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 135, t. 86; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 119.
A S, legumensi differt, foliis rosnlsB erectis obovatis vel oblongis in petiolnm longam attenuatis, non patentibus lanceolatis vel lanceolato-linearibns in parte inferiore vix attenuatis, floribus majoribus in pseudoracemos 2-4-floros dispositis, capsuU oblonga, seminibus utr4que facie excavatis.
Hah. Algeria and Tunis.
B. Caules florigeri terminales, e rosulsB foliorum medio edentes (aut folia non rosulata).
a. Calycis dentes elougato-lanceolati acuti. a, Flores caljco malto brevius pedicellati.
93. S. Choulettbi, Com, in Bull, Soc, Bot, France, ix. (1862)
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76 ME. p. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENOS SILENK.
p. 169; niustr. Fl, Atlant, fasc. iv. (1890) p. 136, t. 87; Bohrh.j Monogr., p. 119.
A S. atlanticd differt, canlibns caudicis ramulos terminan- tibus, foliis infimis in petiolam brevem attennatis, pseudo- racemis saBpins plnri Boris non 2-4-floriB, caljce tnbaloso- infundibaliformi, stipite capsalsB longitadinem dimidiam soperaute.
Hah. Algeria.
94. SiLENE HocHSTETTERf, Bohrb. in Bot. Zeitung, xxv. (1867) p. 81 ; Monogr., p. 120. Hah. Abjssinia.
p, Flores calyce longius pedicellati. 96. S. BiAFRJE, Hook.f. in Jowm. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), vii. (1864) p. 183 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 120.
Hah. The Cameroons on the Bight of Biafra, German West Africa.
b. Caljcis dentes obtnsi, vel rare ovati acuti. a. HerbsB Dnnquam caespitem formantes.
96. S. BuKCHELLii, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 374; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 120.
8yn. ? ? S. SBthiopica, Burm. f., Fl. Cap. Prodr.,^. 13 (1768).
(Fide speciminis manci in Herb. Kew.) a. CEENUA, Bartl. (sp.) in Linncea, vii. (1832) p. 623. p. LATiFOLU, Bond., in Harv. et Bond., Fl, Capensis, i. p. 128. 7. PiLOSELLiEFOLlA, Cham, et Schlecht. (sp.) in Linncea, i. (1826) p. 41.
Adde syn. S. piloselloides, Q. Bon, Gen. Syst., i. p. 404.
" Harvey, in his ' Fl. Cspendfl/ i. p. 128, does not quote nnd probably had not seen Burchell*s n. 271, which was the type specimen of this species. Consequently he has described from other forms. On the other hand, S. Thunbergiana {vide Rohrb., * Monogr.,* p. 121, n. 76), founded on their (Ecklon and Zeyher) n. 263, is obTiously identical with Burchell's n. 271, — the last name, 8. Thunbergiana^ must therefore be suppressed. The forms hitherto commonly marked in herbaria 8. Burchellii, Otth (see Burchell's nos. 580, 1254, 6789), and those of many recent collectors^ must, I nk, be regarded as a mere yariety, with more erect habit, and generally tendency to narrower leaves — n. 271 being the maritime form, with broader leaves (see Gerrard's n. 605 from Natal), these forms are connected by intermediate states, but I can find no difFereoces whatever in the calyx-teeth or fruit. Under these varieties and under various names (including 8. chirentit and 8. sericea of A. Rich., ' Tent. Fl. Abyssin.*), thi»
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENOS SILENE. 17
species extends yery widely over Africa from the Gape to Abyssinia.'* — (H, BolmM, MS., in Herb, Kew.)
The aboTe is a yaluable note by Mr. Bolus on the type-specimens, though I am not inclined to sink 8. cJUrentU and S. »ericea, A. Rich., in the species. With this resenration, the distribution of the species is, however, not restricted to Cape Colony and Natal. It has recently been recorded for Oriqualand East.
Geogr, limits, — N, and E. Mt. Kilima-Njaro, in German East Africa. S. Plettenbnrg Bay, in Cape Colony (var. 7). W. Hnilla, in Angola ; Portuguese West Africa (Welwitsch, herb., n. 1082).
97. SiLENE PRIMULJIFLORA, Eckl, et Zey., Enum. PL Afr, Austr. Extratr,, p. 32 (1835) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 122.
Hob, Cape Colony.
98. S. CBA88IFOLLA, Linn., Sp. Plant,, ed. II. p. 597 ; Rohrh., Motiogr,, p. 122.
Hah. Natal.
p. IlerbaB ceespitem densum formantes. t Calyx evenius.
99. S. M UN DIANA, Eckl. et Zey., Enum. PI, Afr. Austr. Extratr,, p. 32 (1835) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 123.
Hab, Paardekop, near Plettenberg Bay, Cape Colony.
100. S. ELEOANS, Link, av. Brot. Fl. Ludt., ii. (1804?) p. 185 ; Willk,, Ic. Desc, PL Nov. Htap., i, p. 71, t. 52 A ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 123.
Adde: Nana. Folia rosalata subenervia. Calyx rubellus niembranaceus. Petala nnguibns subauriculatis late alatis villoBO-ciliatis. Capsula ovato-oblonga carpophoruoi sBquans.
Difiert a 8, ciliaid, cui valde affinis, prsssertim calyoe hand ainpliato umbilicato evenio.
Syn, S. Campanula (non Pers.), Lapeyr., Hist. Abr. Pyren,, p. 248. S. Borderi, Jord., ex Bohrb., Monogr., p. 137, n. 113;
Willk, et Lange, Prodr, FL Hisp., iii. p. 655. S. punctata, Bub, Herb,, ex Willk, et Lange, Prodr, FL
Hisp.^ iii. p. 655. S. Campoi, Lose, ex Tratad. PL Arag., ii. (1877) p. 23.
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78 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENB.
Oeogr. limits, — N. Pyrenees (French side).
8. and W, Sierra d'Estrella, in Portugal. E. Pyrenees (Spanish side).
tt Calyx striis bifurcatim conjanctis.
101. SiLENE ciLUTA, FouTT, in MSm. Acad. Toul., iii. (1788) p. 328 ; WillK Ic. Descr, PI Nov. Hisp., i. p. 58, t. 42 a (S. ciliafca, typ. I. pyrenaicus).
Adde : Semina dorso canalicniata, nee plana, a. GENUINA, Bohrh., Monogr.y p. 124.
p. GENICULATA, Pourr. (sp.), l.c. ; Willk., Ic. Descr. PL Nov, Hisp.^ i. p. 59, t. 42 b (S. ciliata, typ. 11. hispanicos) ; Bohrh,, Monogr.y p. 124.
Oeogr. limits. — JV^. Mt. Plomb de Cantal, in Anvergne, France (var, a). S. and E, Mt. Olympns, in Thessaly, Greece
(var, a). W. Mt. Penafnrada, near Ai-vac, in prov. of Asturias (var. /3).
b. DipterospermsB. Semina rotundo-reniformia, faciebas planinscnla, dorso alis daabns nndolatis margin ato profunde acute canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis laxis duplicibus vel triplicibus.
102. S. INTRUSA, Wight et Am,, Prodr, Penins. Ind, Or,, p. 42. Caules valde et laxe ramosi erecti, infeme glabri supeme
scabri viscidi; florigen terminales. Folia lanceolata obtusi- uscula; bractesB parvaB lanceolatae dense dliatad. Flores breviter pedicellati, medio interdum abortivi. Calyx plus minus elongatns clavato-truncatus, friictifer pauUum ampliatns infra capsulam leviter constrictus, umbilicatus, glanduloso- pubescens, nervis nigricantibus supeme arcuatira conjunctis, dentibus lanceolatis acutis dense ciliatis. Petala rosea, magna, unguibus glabris exsertis, bipartita, lobis late ovato-oblongis, appendicibus bin is oblongis. Capsula ovoidea oarpophorom subsBquans.
8. sericeam in memoriam ducit, non solum seminum form& sed etiam toto habitu.
8yn, S. indica, var. Wall., Cat., n. 642 e.
Melandryum intrusum, Bohrh., Monogr., p. 233, et in Linncea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 242.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 79
This species was excluded by Rohrbacli from the genus, as the capsule appeared to be unilocular, but Dr. T. Thomson has demonstrated the existence of septa ; it is therefore here restored.
Hah, The Nilagiri Mts., in Malabar.
Sectio II. DICHASIOSILENE.
Herbse perennes vel annuaB, paucsB biennes. Flores in dichasio Bimplici yel plus minas composito breviter yel longe pedicellati, dichasii ramis fldqualibos ant ineeqnalibus, ramo altero in specie- bag nonnnllis in florem nnnm reducto ; interdnm flores dichasio contracto capitnlum formantes, in speciebas perennibns maltis, dichasii floribns plerisque abortivis, canlis nni-vel biflorus ; — rarissime inter Brachypodas flores in racemo simplici pancifloro dispositi.
A. Species perennes, inter Compactas pancaa biennes vel annnje. a. Petala nngaibns ntrinqne auricnlatis.
Series I. AurimdatoB.
Species alpiniB nni-vel bifloree, petala nngnibns ntrinqne dente obtnso vel acuto anricnlatis.
A. Canles florigeri terminales.
a. Folia snbnlata vel falcata, interdnm pnngentia.
a. Calyx dentibns obtasis.
t Calyx striis anastomosantibns.
103. SiLENE FALCATA, SiUh, et 8m., Prodr. Fl. Orcec, i. p. 301 (1806) ; Fl, GroEca, v. p. 25, t. 436 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 125.
Species ab aflBnibns capsnU e calyce exsert& distinctissima. Hab, Mt. Kheshish-tagh (Mt. Olympns), in Anatolia.
104. S. MASMENJiA, Boiss,, Diagn. PL Nov, Or., Ser. II. v. p. 57 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 126.
Differt a 8. Echino foliis tennioribus ciliatis, calyce florifero tenniori non clavato, capsal4 qnam carpophorum longiore.
Hah, Masmenen-dagh, Aslan-dagh, and Beryt-dagh, in the provinces of Karamania and Marasch ; Asia Minor.
105. S. ARGJIA, Fisch, et Mey. in Ann, Sc, Nat., Ser. IV. i. (1854) p. 36 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 126.
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Hab. Arjish-Dagh (Mt. ArgsBus), in prov. of Karamania.
106. SiLENE MENTAGENSI8, Co88,, Blustr. FL Atlunt., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 145, t. 94.
Caules 30-50 centim. longi, erecti, graciles infeme simplices vel fere a basi ramosi, sapeme dichotome ramosi, glabrescentes. Folia anguste linearia, acuta, glabrescentia ; bractesB lineares, infeme marginato-membranaceo), ciliolatsB. Floras longe pedi- cellati, pedicellis quam bractead mnlio lougioribns, in cjmas laterales et terminales laxas dispositi. Calyx tnbnloso-infun- dibuliformis glaber, fmctifer ovatns vel sabglobosas superne clavatns apice baud contractns, infra capsnlam constrictus, albido-vel rabenti-membranaoeos, nervis filiform ibus, dentibos brevibus ovato-oblongis membranaceo-marginatis cilialis. Petala livida, nngaibos exsertis glabris dente parvo obtuso anricnlatis, bifida, lobis oblongis obtosis, appendicibus binis parvis ovatis, integris inter se liberis. Filamenta glabra. Capsala ovoidea, sapeme acntata carpopboram Bcabram saquans vel hoc sesqai- brevior. Semina reniformia compressa, dorso faciebusqne plana et tnbercnloram praemiiientinm seriebas ecbinatis.
Caulibus elatis dichotomis, calycibas fructiferis clavatis, S. portensem refert, sed ab h4c et ceteris speciebns ejnsdem gregis EigidulcB (series 9) candice perenni eximie distincta.
Hah. Djebel Mentaga, in S.-W. Marocco.
107. S. RHYNCHOCARPA, Boiss.^ Diagn. PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 33 ; Rohrb., Motwgr., p. 126.
Hah. Anatolia.
108. S. STENTOBiA, Feml, Pugill. PI. Nov. Syr., p. 9 (1842) ; Eusse^g., Eeise Illustr., t. 2 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 127 (S. caryo- phylloides).
Syn. Cncabalas caryophylloides, Poir., Encyc, suppL, i. p. 416.
Tbe older specific name is not only misleading but inappropriate ; I have therefore followed Boissier (FL Orient, i. p. 619) in retaim'ng Fenzl's name, by which all misunderstanding is avoided and the plea of conyenience is sustained.
Geogr. limits. — N. and E. R. Euphrates, in prov. of Marasch. S. Summit of Mt. Lebanon, in Syria. W. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia.
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ft Calyx evenias.
109. SiLENB TRAQAClNTHA, Fenzl, op. Boiss,, Fl. Orienty i. p. 621 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 125.
Adde : Pedicelli mediam versas vel infra caljcem bracteati. Petala bipartita.
Thifl plant has the habit and appearance of a speoies of Tratfocantka or Acantholimon, Boissier's description is fragmentary, and, as he says, is drawn up from imperfect material, additional characters are here giTcn from examination of specimens in Herb. Eew. Bohrbach's description was drawn up from specimens preserred in the Vienna Herbarium.
Hah, Mt. Knh-Dagna, in S. Persia.
/3. Calyx dentibus aoutis, striis anastomosantibus.
110. S. Echinus, Botes, et Hddr., Dtagn. PI. Nov. Or,, Ser. II. V. p. 56 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 125.
A formis minoribus 8, suhulatm prsBter petala foliis planis aceroso-pnngentibos distincta.
Hah, Mt. Budron, near the town of Isbarta, in Anatolia.
111. S. SUBULATA, Boi88,y Diogn. PL Nov, Or,, Ser. I. viii. p. 33; Rohrh,y Monogr,, p. 127 (S. caryophylloides var, nardifolia in parte).
Canles caespitosi erecti yiscido-pubescentes pumili nniflori. Folia angoste linearia snbtriqaetra rigida snbalata scabride pnbescentia basi ciliata. Flores longe pedicellati, Calyx tubulosas glanduloso-pnbescens, dentibas oblongis. Petala alba, nngnibns exsertis dente acnto anricnlatis, laming obcordat& parv^ appendicibns binis oblongis crennlatis. Cap- snla oblonga carpophomm glabrnm aeqaans. Semina dorso graonlata, leviter canal iculata, faciebas plana.
A 8, stentorid differt praoter folia tenniora calyce post anthesin clavato, capsolas adpresso nee torbinato.
Chogr, limits, — JE, Baibont, in prov. of Erzeronm.
W. Gnmnchkhane, in prov. of Trebizond.
112. S. PINDICOLA, Haussk. in Mittheil, Thimng. Bot, Ver^ v. (1887) p. 85 ; et Heft v. (1893) p. 50.
Canles caaspitosi erecti tenerrimi nniflori, in parte inferiore dense foliosi, in parte dimidi& snperiore bibracteati, infeme tenniter papilloei, snpeme glandnloso-viscidi. Folia linearia acnta papilloso-scabriascnla basi dilatato-vaginantia saape snbrecnrva, in axillis plemmqne ramnlis sterilibns florendi
UHN. JOUBN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXIL Q
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82 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
tempore nondum evolutis munita. Calyx longe cylindrico- clavatus glaberrimus membranaceiis roseo-suffnsus, striis filiformibus, dentibus trianfipilaribiis albo-marginatis. Petala sordide fusca bi partita, lobis oblongis obtusis. Capsnla oblongo- ovoidea, carpophoro glabro bis snperata. Semina grannlata.
Facies S, OrphanidtSj quae differt statura robustiore, foliis longioribus latioribusqne nimis confertis, caljcis dentibus latioribus, bracteis binis lanceolatis acutis ad calycis basin (nee flore nudo), capsule longiore.
Hah. Greece ; tbe peak of Zjgos, on Mt. Pindns, in Thessalj.
7. Calyx dentibus altematim acatis et retusis, striis apice anastoniosantibns.
113. SiLENE XYLOBASis, Freyn, in Bull. Herb. Boiss,, iii. (1895) p. 100.
Dense pnlvinaris. Caules pumili densissime ceespitosi erecti tenerrimi nniflori, snpeme glandnloso - viscidi. Folia basi dilatato-vaginantia pallida coriacea ciliolata, lanceolata, infima congesta, reliqna pauca distantia, snprema albo-marginata purpureo-snffnsa. Calyx tnbuloso-clavatns glaber nmbilicatus pallidas, nervis mbellis, dentibns ovatis scarioso-marginatis ciliolatis. Petala livida bipartita lobis lineari -oblongis, ungnibns exsertis, appendicibns binis trapezoideo-ovatis obtusis. Capsnla ellipsoidea carpophoro bis snperata.
Hah, Summit of Mt. Ak-dagh, in prov. of Siwas, near Amasia (July, 1891).
b. Folia mutica recta baud falcata. a. Calyx dentibus obtusis, striis latis rubris snpeme anastomo-
santibus. .114. S. DUNTHiPOLiA, /. Gay, ap, Tchihat., Asie Min. Bot, i. p. 193 (1860) ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 128.
Oeogr, limits, — N. Mt. Beryt-dagh, in prov. of Marasch. 8, and E. Mt. Kuh-Delu, in S. Persia. W, Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia.
115. S. Oephanidis, Boiss,, Fl, Orient, i. p. 651 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 128.
Adde : Semina ruguloso-tuberculata. Hah. Mt. AthoB, in Bumelia.
116. S. Saegenti, 8, Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xiv. (1879) p. 290 ; B. L. Bohinson, I.e., xxviii. (1893) p. 142.
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CaBspitosa, mnltiflora, pnbernla, 15 centim. alt. Folia linearia vel oblanceolata. Calyx cylindricns, fructifer infra capsulani consfcrictus. Petala alba vel camea, bifida, nngnibus exsertis anricnlis latis, laciniatim dentatis, laming obovati, appendicibns majnsculis dentatis. Capsnla cylindrica longe stipitata. Semina dorso cristato-tnbercnlata, faciebns levia.
Habitn 8. Bouglasii revooat, sed calyx hand inflatns.
Hah, Table Min., Monitor Range, N. Nevada.
117. SiLENE HUMiLis, 0. A, Mey.y Enum, PI. Oauc., p. 215 (1831) ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 128.
Adde : Canles procnmbentes vel adsoendentes. Petala camea vel sangninea.
Hah. The Eastern Cancasns.
118. S. TACHTENSis, Franch. in Ann, Sc. Nat, SSr. VI. xv. (1883) p. 239.
E basi f mticnlos&, ramosissima, ramnlis erectis inf erne tennis- sime pnbemlis. Folia oblongo-lanceolata acnta aspemlata, infeme in petiolnm longe attennata ; bracten lanceolataa, margine albo-hyalin», lannginossB. Pedioelli calyce snbbre- viores. Calyx clavato-cylindricns membranacens nmbilicatns, dentibns brevibns fere orbicnlatis snbtiliter ciliolatis, marginibns late hyalino-membranaceis. Petala alba, nnguibns glabris yix exsertis. Filamenta glabra. Capsnla carpophoro bis snperata.
Hah, Tnrkestan.
119. S. Grati, 8, Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad.y xiv. (1879) p. 291 ; B, L, Bohinaon, i.e., xxviii. (1893) p. 143; Goult, Bot, Gazette, xvi. (1891) p. 44, t. 6, f. 7-8.
CflBspitosa stricta pnmila canescenti-pnbescens viseidnla panciflora. Canles erecti, 12 oentim. longi, snpeme parcins foliati. Folia oblanceolata. Flores 2-3 in canle. Calyx clavato-cylindricns, dentibns rotnndatifl. Petala camea bifida, nngnibns angnste anricnlatis, appendicibns latis snbintegris. Capsnla ovoidea snbsessilis.
Hah, California; Mt. Shasta, near the snow-line.
120. S. Watsoni, B, L. BobinsoUyinProc, Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 143.
CsBspitosa, stricta, gracilis, snpeme glandnloso-pnbeiTila, infeme snbglabra. Canles erecti gimplices, 12-20 centim.
o 2
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longi. Folia linearia vel angaste oblanceolata acuta, basi in petiolnm yaginantem attennata. Flores 1-3 in oaule. Caljx ovatns, dentibns albo-marginatis. Petala alba vel rosea, bifida, appendicibns obtnsis.
8yn. Lychnis califomica, 8. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xii. (1877) p. 248.
Hah. California ; Plumas and Sierra counties, Mt. Dana, and near Ebbett*s Pass.
121. SiLBNB SuKSDORFii, 5. L. Bobifison, in Goult., Bot. Oazette, xvi. (1891) p. 44, t. 5, f. 9-11 ; et in Proc. Amer, Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 143.
GsBspitosa, stricta, pumila, infeme pubemla, supeme yiscidula. Gaules erecti, simplioes, 7-8 centim. longi, supeme parcius foliati. Folia radicalia subspathulata, caulina linearia, acuta. Calyx campanulatus. Petala alba, biloba, lobis obtusis, appen- dicibus oblongis retusis. Capsula subsessilis.
Qeogr. range. — California to Washing^ton.
p. Calyx dentibns acatis. t Calyx striis anastomosantibus.
122. S. COMMELINIFOLIA, Boiss., Diogn. PI Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 35 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 128.
Adds : Folia 5-nervia.
Qeogr. limits. — N. and W. Turkish Armenia.
8. Persian Kurdistan (Haussknecht, in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 99).
E. Mt. Elburz, in Persia.
123. S. ScHLUMBBBOSBi, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 106. Glabra. Gaules plurimi, erecti, ienues, foliosi^ uni-yel rarius
biflori. Folia lineari-setacea, stricta, subconyoluta, acuta, caulina tenuissima; bracteaa parysB, lanceolatse, acuminata. Pedicelli calyce triple breyiores. Calyx longe obconicus, mem- branaceus, glaber, striis purpureis, dentibns triangulan-lanceo- latis, anguste albo-marginatis. Petala alba, biloba. Capsula oblonga, carpophore snblongior. Semina ruguloso-tuberculata, dorso plana, &ciebus subconyexa.
Afi^is 8. dianthifolicB qusa rhizomate surcnlos steriles dense csespitosos edente, foliis caulinis breyioribus, calycis dentibns oyatis obtusis, late albo-marginatis, petalis ultra medium bipartitis, differre yidetur.
Hab. The Anti-Lebanon.
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124. SiLBNE MooRCBOFTiANA, WoU,^ Cat., n. 626; et ex Bohrb.^ Monogr,, p. 129.
Forma 1. — ^Altior gracilis, canle 2-3-floro. Forma 2. — Nana, foliis liaearibns, et pedicelliB qiiam bractesB longioribns (ex Hook,/., Fl. Brit. India, i. p. 219). Hah. W. Tibet, W. Himalayas, and AfFghanistan.
125. S. PBBSici, Boies., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 27 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 129.
8yn. S. erysimifolia, Stapf, in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, (1886) p. 284.
/3. ANGISTOMA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 622.
Ganles 7-10 centim. longi, abbreviati. Floras submajores, calyoe longiore. Species calycis dentibus spatbalato-cncnllatis notabilis.
Hab. W. Persia.
tt Calyx evenios.
126. S. BBEViOAULis, Boiss., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 34; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 130.
Facies S. depresice yar. Meyeri, a qu& difFei*t indnmento glan- dnloBo, foliis acntioribus, calyoe evenio graciliore, ejusdem dentibus lanceolatis acntis, petalomm nngaibns auriculatis, capsnli longins ovatft.
Hab. ProY. of Siwas, in Asia Minor.
B. Canles florig^ri e foliorum rosal& terminali lateraliter adscendentes. Calyx striis anastomosantibns.
127. S. BoBTi, Boiss., Elench. PL Nov. Hisp., p. 19, n. 28 (1838) ; et Voy. Bot. Esp., p. 94, t. 25 a ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 130.
Adde : Planta sordide yirens velcanesoens. Petala unguibns longe exsertis.
Hah. In the prov. of Granada; Sierra Nevada, Sierra de B<mda, and Sierra de Maria.
p. TBJEDBNSis, Boiss. (sp.), Elench. PI. Nov. Hisp., p. 20, n. 29; et Voy. Bot. Esp., p. 94, t. 25b; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 130.
Hab. In the prov. of Granada ; Sierra Tejeda, Sierra de la Nieve, and Sierra Nevada ; also on Mt. Makmel in the Lebanon, on Mt. Hermon in the Anti- Lebanon, and in the moontains of Syria, and Western Persia.
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According to Cutanda (* Fl. Madrit./ p. 178), S, tefedetuU occurs also on the Sierra de G-uadarrama, near Lozojai in the proT. of New Castile. Willkomm says that he has not seen the specimens, and he thinks that this plant is scarcely likely to be found in the alpine districts of the elevated country in Central Spain, and recommends further observations in the locality mentioned, with the probability of its being identified with another species.
Boissier's ' Voyage Botanique,' containing the results of his exploration of the country in the year 1887, was issued in two volumes, with excellent coloured plates, during the years 1839-45.
Bohrbach considers Kotschy's specimens from Mt. Euh-Da@na, in South- West Persia (exs., n. 768), as a deviation from the type, and includes them under limu 2.
128. SiLENB MKLANDBioiDES, Lufige, Dtagn. PI. Penins. Iber., in Kjohn, Vidensk. Middel, 1877-78, p. 33; WiUk,, lUustr, FL Hisp^ i. t. 60.
Caoles 16-25 ceutim. lon^, adscendentes vel dilhisi, glutinoso- et crispalo-villosi. Folia rosularia elliptico-lanceolata, in petiolnm alato-dilatatum breviter angnstata, caolina elliptico- ovata, basi angastato-amplexicauli-snbcounata, snmmis ovatis, acuminata. Flores in dichasinm regnlare repetitnm vel ter xlicbotomnm dispositi, pednncnlo centrali quam calyx longiore. Calyx primo cylindricns, dein ovato-campannlatns, ampliatos, ba8i truncatas, glandnloso-pilosus, dentibus sobnlato-acnminatis. Petala violaceo-rosea venis satoratioribos, bifida. Gapsola carpophoro 3-4- plo longior. Semina reniformia, tuberculata, dorso plana.
Hah. Bnssaco, near Goimbra^ Portugal; and Orense, in Galicia, Spain.
129. S. CAUCA8ICA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 622; Eohrl., Monogr., p. 131.
S. vallesia longias distat, indumento glanduloso, foliis canlinis longis, floribus longe pedunculatis, et calyce latiore : Ledebour autem (Fl. Ross., i, p. 321) dicit, " planta caucasica spontanea ab occidentali non diversa videtur."
p. MULTiFLOKA, Rupr., Fl. Caucosi, p. 187; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 99.
Major. Flores 3-5-temiinales, conferti vel in 2-3-verti- cillastra remota dispositi : calyce saspe eglandnloso.
Syn. S. repens, Ledeb., FL Bossica, i. p. 308, quoad Armeniam et Gaucasum.
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 87
Hob, Trans-Caucasia.
130. SiLENB VALLBSiA, Ltnti,, Sp, Plant, ed. II. p. 603; Eeichb.,lc. Fl. Oerm, Helv., n. 5087a; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 131.
Adde : Petala snpra roseo-violacea sabtus virentia, ungnibns ciliatalis. Filamenta glabra. Carpophomm puberulnm.
p. GRAMINEA, Bohrh, Monogr., p. 131 ; Vis,, FL Balmatica, iii. (1852) p. 166, t. 34 (S. graminea) ; Beichh., Ic. Fl, Oerm. Helv,, n. 5087)tf.
Tanfani says that cultiyated specimens of this yariety are scarcely to be distmguished from the specific type, and that intermediate and connecting forms are to be met with.
Oeogr, limits, ^N, The Alps of Yalais, Switzerland.
8. Montenegro (var, graminea) ; Mt. Dur-
mitor, Baldacciy Fl, ex$, Cmaeg, (1890). E, Bosnia (var, graminea) ; (ex Nym. Consp,
Fl, Eur,, p. 92). W. The Alps of Danpbiny, France.
b^. Petala ongnibus exanricnlatis. Series 2. MacrantbsB. Species l-3-flor8B, floribns breviter raro longe pedicellatis ; ant flores in dichasio dnplioi, ant dichasii ramo altero abbreviato in foliomm axillis geminati, calyce bre^ius pedicellati ; calyx elongato-clavatas sen in speciebos pancis nni-vel bifloris, floribns longe pedicellatis, breyiter clavatas.
A. Canles e foliomm rosal& terminali lateraliter edentes.
131. S. PALINOTBICHA, Fenzl, ap, Boiss., Fl, Orient,, i. p. 621 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 132.
Very similar to S, Boryi,
Hob, N. Persia; in the provinces of Mazandei'an and Khorassan.
132. S.ScHAFTA, O. Gm4:l,,BeiseBus8l,(l774r'l7SS),exHohen, in Bull, Soc, Nat, Mosc, xii. (18:38) p. 397 ; Lindl, Bot, Beg, (1846) t. 20; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 132.
Species a seminibas echinatis et tempore florendi serotino insignis.
Hdb» Rnssia, prov. of Trans- Cancasia ; and Persia, prov. of Ghilan.
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88 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE QENUS SILENE.
138. SiLENE PTOUSA, AdamSy in Weber et Mohr, Beitr.y i. (1805) p. 59 ; Bohrh.y Monogr,, n. 2, p. 78.
Caules sive rami florigeri adscendentes dense pnbescentes. Folia radlcalia rosalata, obovato-spathalata, xnutica, in petiolam longam attennata, pnbescentia, ciliata ; caulina minora elliptica, obtusa, in petiolnra brevem attennata; bracteaa et prophjlla parysB albo-marginatsB ciliatsB. Flores in dichasio paucifloro brevtssime pedicellati, odoratissimi. Calyx angaste cjlindricDS evenins sangninens vel pallidns, fmctifer vix ampliatna infra capsnlam constrictns, basi truncate leviter nmbilicatus pnber- alns, dentibns obtnsis albo-marginatis dense lannginoso-ciliafcis. Petala rosea, nngnibns glabris, bipartita lobis obloogis, appen- dicibns binis magnis ovatis. Filamenta glabra. Gapsula oyata carpophomm pnbescens fere bis snperans. Semina reniformia compressa, dorso canalicnlata, margine rotnndata, plnriserialiter cristato-eohinnlata, faciebns cnrvato-excayata.
Authentic specimens of this plant are seldom found in herbaria ; descrip- tions of the species Tarj, and appear to be based upon the examination of imperfect material. In this case the description has been drawn up from specimens collected in the Iocum classicus bj Buprecht, and authenticated by him in Herb. Mus. Brit., with notes on his observations on the living plant in his ' Fl. Caucasi.' Apparently this plant is wrongly placed in the subgenus OoHrosilene by Bohrbach. The calyx is not inflated, and is without anastomosing nerves : this is easUy demonstrated in the specimens preserved in Herb. Kew and Herb. Mus. Brit., and the Kew specimens certainly seem to be authentic, as they are verified by Buprecht and labelled "Mus. Bot. Acad. Petrop." Further, nothing is said in the original description as to the presence of anastomosing nerves on the sur&ce of the calyx.
Hah, In alpine districts of the Western Cancasos, in the prov. of Trans- Cancasia.
134. S. liONOiTUBULOSA, Engl, Pfianzemo, OsL-Afr., Th. C, p. 176 (1895).
Glabra, 50 centim. alt. Canles adscendentes, ramnlis 1-2- floris. Folia lineari-lauceolata, acuminata, glabra; bracteee lanceolatae, acntissimsB. Calyx elongato-infhndibaliformis, 3 centim. longns, basi trnncatus, glaber, dentibns semi-ovatis albo-marginatis, exterioribus acnminatis. Petala alba vel rosacea, snbtns braneo-venosa. Capsnla oblonga, carpophoro bis terve snperata.
Hob. Xordseite, in German East Africa, at an elevation of 8,200 metres.
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MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENB, 89
135. SiLENS UETEBODONTA, 8p. flOV,
Glandnloso-pabescens. Caules diffnsi vel a basi arcoat^ adficendentes, simplices vel infra mediam dichofcomo-bifarcati^ ramo lateral! altero dichotomic deficiente. Folia inferiora ovato-spathulata, in petiolnm attennata, apice rotnndata obtu- siBsima mncronolato-apicnlata, hispido-ciliata, snperiora angns- tiora sessilia. Flores solitarii. Galjx tnbnloBO-clavatns, hirtolo- pnbescens, basi tmncatns, fmctifer dilatato-clavatns infra capsolam attenuatns vix constrictus, nervis rubellis vel viridibns sparse anastomosantibns, dentibos ovato - triangu- laribos, aliis acntis aliis obtusis, albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala biloba, lobis obovato-oblongis, nngnibas exsertis, infeme ciliatnlis, appendicibas bipartitis segmentis ovato-lanceolatis acntis. Capsnla oblooga carpophomm pubescens ter snperans. Semina compressa, faciebas auricnliformi-concavinscnla, dorso acute canaliculata, grannlata. {Herh, Kew,^ Atlas Expedition (1888), coll. /. Thomson.)
Speciei seqnenti valde affinis, sed insigniter diveraa. Hsecce differt, — ^in bifnrcatione infra canlis medinm, foliis apice magis Totnndatis, caljce basi trancato infra capsnlam attenuate, petalis bilobis nee bipartitis, appendicibus bipartitis, carpophore pubescente breviore, seminibus dorso acute canaliculatis.
The name ia deriyed from the dissimilar calyx-teeth.
Hah, Marocco ; between Titula and Tizi-N -Telnet.
136. S. PABVFLA, Oo88., Illustr. FL Atlant, fasc. iv. (1890) p. 137, t. 88.
GaBspitosa, parvula, brevissime pnberula. Caules difEusi vel a basi arcuat& adscendentes, rarins erecti, simplices vel rarius supra medium dichotomo-bifurcati, ramo lateral! altero dicho- tomi» deficiente. Folia radicalia rosulata, parvula, infeme longe attennata, petiole in squamam latam dilatato, oblonga vel ovato-spathulata, obtusa vel apiculata, oaulina lineari- oblonga vel oblonga, brevius petiolata vel superiora sessilia, parte petiolari pilis lon^is ciliata. Flores solitarii. Calyx tubuloso - infundibuliformis umbilicatns, fmctifer supeme dilatato-subolavatus infra capsulam contractus, post anthesin apice hand contractus, membranaceus albidus vel rubescens, nervis mbescenti-violaceis sparse anastomosantibns, dentibus ovato-triangularibus, aliis acntis aliis obtusis, albo-marginatis.
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90 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
ciliatis. Petala bipartita, lobis oblongis, tmguibas exsertis, appendicibus binis ovato-triangalaribas. Filamenta glabra. Gapsnla oblonga carpophorum glabram paullum Biiperans. Semina minnta, reniformia, compressa, faciebus plana yel auricnliformi-concaviuscala, dorso obtuse canalicnlata tnber- cnlata.
A praBcedenti inter alia differt, caljce vix tuboloso evidentins nmbilicato, nervis anastomosantibns, dentibns altematim acntis obtnsisqne, et carpophoro glabro.
Hcib. Marocco.
137. SiLBNB CJCSPiTOSA, 8tev. in Mem, Soc, Nat, Mosc,, iii. (1812) p. 262; Trans, Linn. Soc, xi. (1816) p. 412, t. 36; Bohrb,, Monogr.f p. 133.
Adde: Planta vaJde caespitosa. Caljx evenins, petalorum nngnibns exsertis.
Hah, Near Sudor, in the Kuban district of the Western Caucasus, in the prov. of Cis- Caucasia.
B. Caules e foliorum rosula terminali medio edentes. a. Capsula globosa carpophoro ter quaterve superata.
138. S. DEPRESSA, Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc., i. p. 336 (1808) ; Kohrh., Monogr,y p. 133.
p, Meybri, Fenzl (sp.) in Kotschy, PL Pers. Bor, ap, Boiss,^ Fl. Orient,, i. p. 623 ; Eohrh,, Monogr,, p. 133. Hah, Trans- Caucasia and Persia.
139. S. Porteri, Post, in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 104. Basi suffrutescens, cadspitosa, pruinoso-scabrida. Caules
pauci humiles tenues simplices uniflori vel parce dichotomi 2-3-flori. Folia basilaria brevia, lineari-spathulata, intermedia acuta, superiora subulata, brevissima. Calyx anguste cylindricus glaberrimus membranaceo-coriaceus, fructifer clavatus, nervis rubris, dentibus ovato-triangularibus albo-marginatis ciliolatis. Petala bifida, lamina obcuneata coronata, unguibus exsertis. Capsula' ovato-oblonga carpophoro brevior. Semina dorso canalicnlata.
Hah. The peak of Ziaret-Dagb, on Mt. Amanus, prov. of A leppo.
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 91
b. Capsula carpopboram asquans, vel plus minus superans. o. Calyx cvenius. t Capsula carpopborum adquans. 140. SiLENE succuLENTA, FoTsJc., Fl. Aegypt. Arab., p. 66 (1775); BelUe, Fl. AegypL, p. 89, t. 29; Bohrb,, Monogr., p. 134.
p. CORSICA, Eohrh.y Ic, ; DG., Fl Frang., iv. p. 756 {S. Corsica) ; WiUh., Ic. Besar. PL Nov. Hisp., i, t. 39 B. Geogr. limits. — N. Calvi, in Corsica.
S. Near Alexandria, in Egypt. E. Near Sidon, in Syria. W. S. Antioco, in Sardinia.
.141. S. Uhdeana, Eohrh., Appefui. alt, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1867) p. 2 ; Monogr.y p. 134. Hah, Mexico.
This species is omitted in ' Biologia Centrali- Americana.'
142. S. PAPILLIFOLIA, sp. nov.
Caules adscendentes, infome retrorsum puberuli, supeme glabri. Folia faciebus papillosa, margine ciliata, radicalia obovata vel ovato-lanceolaia, acuta, ad basin longe attenuata, utrinque pubescentia; caulina linearia, magis acuta, sessilia, utrinque sparsim puberulo-birsnta. Flores in dichasium com- positum laxnm dispositi, cymulis tridoris, brevitor pedicellati. Calyx elongato-clavatus scaber, basi truncatus, striis viridibus, dentibus longe lanceolatis, acuminatis, albo-marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala alba bipartita, lobis oblongo-spatbulatis, appendicibus binis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro glabro. Semina valde compressa, dorao obtuse canaliculata, faciebus concava.
Hab. Erzingban, Mt. Sipikor - Dagb, Sintenis, n. 1166 (1889).
143. S. THYMIFOLIA, Stbth. et Sm., Fl. Grcecm Prodr. i. p. 292 ; Fl. Grceca, v. p. 8, t. 411; Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 648, suppl., p. 106.
Caules lignosi prostrati e basi ramosi, ramis adscendentibus griseo-puberulis. Folia crassa, parva, ovata, acuta, birta, in axillis fasciculata. Bracte88 parvse, ovatae, acutsB, glabrae, ciliatsa. Flores in cymis trifloris erecti breviter pedicellati. Calyx clavatus villoso-viscidus, nervis rubris, dentibus triangularibus.
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92 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILBNE.
Petala snpra nivea sabtus virescentia (vel rabicunda), cnneato- oblonga bifida lobis linearibns obtusis, appendicibus bifidis. Species maritima, foliis camosis. Geogr. limits. — 8. and E. Cyprus.
W. West coast of Anatolia. N. Kila, near Constantinople (Coumany, ex Boiss.y Fl. Orient, supply p. 106).
144. SiLBNE MiCROPHTLLA, Boiss., Biogn. PL Nov. Or., Ser I. i. p. 33 ; Rohrh.y Monogr., p. 135.
Species foliis parvis insignis. Hob. N. Persia.
145. S. BURMANiCA, Coll. et Hemsl. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot) xxviii. (1890) p. 23.
Canles erecti plus minusve aspere fermgineo-pnbescentes, robnstiusculi, vix ramosi. Folia caulina aspemla ^essilia, ovato-oblonga vel lanceolata, interdum obovata vel spatbnlata, acuta vel acuminata, subtrinervia. Flores dicbotomo-cymosi, pedunculis brevibus glanduloso-hirsutis. Calyx fere cylindricus glanduloso-hirsutus, dentibus brevibus ovato-oblongis, obtusis vel rotundatis. Petala insequaliter quadrifida (lobis lateralibus minoribus interdum fere ad dentes auriculiformes reductis), lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis, appendicibus binis angustis elongatis. Capsula ovoideo-oblonga, longe stipitata. Semina bippocrepiformia, rugosa.
Hah. Sban Hills, in Upper Burma, at 1,200 metres-; and Momyen, in pro v. of Yun-nan, China.
146. S. CRBTACEA, Fisch. in Spreng., Syst. Veget., u. p. 405 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 135.
Oeogr. limits. — N. and E. Siberia. 8. and W. R. Don.
147. S. INPIDELIUM, Post, ap. Post et Autran, in Bull. Herb. Boiss., in. (Apr., 1895) p. 154.
Glabra, basi multicaulis, 20-30 centim. alt. Caules rigidi geniculati supeme 1-2-flori. Folia infima lineari-spathulata, cetera linearia longe acuminata. Calyx pallide viridis vel rubro-vittatus cylindricus dein clavatus, dentibus triangn- laribus late scarioso-marginatis. Petala pallida, unguibus dilatatis glabris paullum exsertis, lamina lineari-cuneata ultra
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medinm bifida, lobis oblongis, appendicibas gibbosis. Capsnla ovata. Semina triangalaria, dorso canaliculata.
Hah. Mt. Gaionr-dagh, in pro v. of Aleppo, Postf n. 304.
tt Capsnla carpopboram bis quaterve superans.
148. SiLBNB AEOUTA, Fetusl, Pugtll, PL Nov. 8yr., p. 8, n. 25 (1842) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 135.
/3. ARMBNA, Botss., Fl. Orient.^ i. p. 618; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 136.
(S. arguta, lusus 2.)
Affinis 8. AucheriancCf foliis rigidis mnltinerviis, calyce argute nervoso, distincta.
Geogr. limits. — N. and E, Near Erzeronm, in Turkish Armenia. S, and W. Mt. Tanrus, in Gilicia,
149. S. sisiANiCA, Boi88. et Buhse, Aufedhl. Transkauk. Pers. Pfi., in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc, xii. (1860) p. 36 ; Fl. Orient.^ i. p. 617, et suppl.^ p. 98; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 136 (S. argnta var. sisianica).
PJanta pilis defiexis breviter hirtola. Ganles stricti snpeme parce et stricte ramnlosi, tenues, angulati, foliosi. Folia lanceo- laia acuminata, stricta, trinervia; bractea? e basi latiori liueari-setaceae. GymsB 3-5-flor8B, peduuculis brevissimis. Galyx cylindrico-clavatus, membranaceus, ad nervos papillosus, dentibus oblongis obtusis. Pefcala alba, biloba, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis oblongis truncato-retusis. Gapsula oblonga, carpophoro pubescente 3-4-plo breviore.
8. repens est 8. sisianidB similis facie foliisque, nihilominus hsBCce satis est a 8. argutd distincta.
Hob. Sisian, in Trans-Gaucasia ; and Mt. Scbabu and Mt. Avroman, in Persian Kurdistan {Haussknecht^ in Boiss., Fl. Orient, suppL).
150. S. GRACiLLiMA, Bohrb. in Linnma, xxxvi. (1870) p. 679.
Gaules debiles, filiformes, parum ramosi, decumbentes, ramis floriferis capillaribus, gracillimis, erectis, basi pilis pauois adspersi, oeterum glabri. Folia plana, lanceolata, louge acuminata, ad basin angustata ac breviter petiolata, glabra. Flos terminalis longissime pedunculatus. Galyx clavato- campannlatus, glaber, striis viridibus, dentibus lanceolatis acutis margiue scariosis vix ciliolatis. Petala alba, unguibus
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94 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENDS SILENE.
glabris longe exsertis, lasiintL oblongo-ovattL bipartite, lobift oblongis, appendicibus binis magnis lanceolato-ovatis, obtusis. Capsala ovata carpophoram bis stiperans.
Syn. S. Saxifraga (non Linn.), Thunh., Fl. Japonica, p. 184 (1784).
Ex habitu in affinitatem 8. Saxifragce nameranda est, hnjns speciei formas depaaperatas in meraoriam revocat.
Hah. Prov. of Ouari, in tbe island of Nippon, Japan.
151. SiLENE ScHMUCKEBi, Wettst., Beitr, FL Alhan.^ p. 30, t. 2 (1892).
SufPrntescens basi ramosus. Oanles laxi filiformes, tennes, adscendentes, snpeme foliati, breviter sed dense pilosi, snpeme non visciduli, G-10-centim. longi. Folia lanceolata, acnta, fere nninervia, sessilia basin versus attennata, tota pilis brevibns pilosa, itaqne griseo-viridia ; bracteeB parvse lineares, acatae, pilos88, ad basin breviter albo-marginat». Flores terminales solitarii vel rarius bini, longe pedicellati. Calyx breviter clavatns membranacens albido-rufescens, totns pilis minntis crispulis pnbescens, nervis incoDspicnis pallide virescentibns vel mbescentibns, dentibns obtnsis late albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala purpurea, biloba, lobis linearibus, appendicibus binis obtusis, unguibns inferne villosis, superne dilatatis.
Hab. Serdarica-Dnran, in Albania, Turkey.
152. S. KHASIANA, Bohrh. in Linncea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 258 ; Hook. /., Fl. Brit India, i. p. 221.
Gaulis geniculatus adscendenti-erectus, birtello-pubescens^ subglaudulosus. Folia late ovato-lanceolata, 3-5-nervia, sensim acuminata, glabrescentia dense serrulato-ciliata, superiora cum bracteis roqualia, minora. Flores pauci, aut solitarii, terminales, aut in dichasio paucifloro, floribus plerumque quam calyx longioribns, pedicellatis, interdum ramo florigero ex foliorum inferiorum axilld. accedente. Calyx oblongus scabrido-et glandnloso-pubescens, striis viridibus superne tantum con- junctis, dentibus lanceolatis acutis. Petala (alba vel) purpurea, unguibos calycem seqnantibus glabris, laminA parv& bipartite, lobis obtusis, appendicibus binis parvis. Capsula oblouga carpophorum 5-plo superans. Semina dorso faciebusque granulata plana.
Ad nuUam speciem habitu vel characteribus aocedit, nulli affinis esse videtur.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 95
Hah. Khasia, in Assam, at 1,500-1,800 metres.
153. SiLENE VAGANS, (7. B. Clarke, in Joum. Linn, Soc. {Bot.)y XXV. (1889) p. 6, t. 2.
Pnbescens. Rami vagantes vix scandentes. Folia lanceolata acuminata, basi attennata, vix trinervia; bracte88 minut® medium versus pedicellorum. Calyx cylindricus, infra capsulam deinde breviter contractus, basi truncatus, pubescens, dentibns lanceolatis acatis. Capsula ovoidea carpophorum bis terve superans. Semina dorso faciebusque oonvexa, tnberculata.
Ad 8, kha^nam affinis, sed magis pubescens, foliis basi attenuatis, cjmis oompositis plurifloris, et seminibns convexis.
The oliaracten not mentioned in the original deecription of the species are based upon an examination of the tjpe-specimens in Herb. Eew.
Hah. Kobima, in Assam, at 1,650 metres.
p. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. t Calyx dentibus obtusis.
154. S. OREOPHiLA, Boiss,, FL Orient^ i. p. 617 ; Bohrh.y Monogr., p. 136.
Corrige et adde : Caules triflori ; folia angnste linearia subtri- nervia subobtusa nee acuta strisB calycinaB rubrsd.
A S. Aucheriandy cni arete affinis, difPert floribus quam calyx carpopborumque excedentibus.
Hah. Turkey in Asia : Mt. Ali-dagh, in pro v. of Marasch ; Mt. Ananias-dagb, in Anatolia, Whittall (1893) ; Mt. Yildiz-dagb, in prov. of Si was, Bornmiiller, Plant. AnatoliaB Orient. (1890).
155. S. AucHEEiANA, Boiss., Diagn. PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 27 (ex parte), et viii. p. 87 ; Fl. Orient, i. p. 617 ; Bohrh.y Monogr., p. 36.
p. viscosA, Freyn et Sint. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitsch/r., xli. (1891) p. 364.
Multicaulis, ramosissima, basi snffrntioosa. Folia elliptico- lanceolata scabrido-pubescentia, sparse glandulosa (nee velutino- hirsuta). Panicula cum calycibns glandulosa. Capsula car- popboro subsaquilonga.
Habitu et facie species 8. Monthretianam revocat.
Oeogr. limits. — N. and W. Prov. of Van, in Turkish Kurdistan. 8. Mountains of Elwend, Persia, E. Mt. Elburz, Persia.
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156. SiLENE NURENSis, Botss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Orient, stq>pl,, p. 99.
CsBspitosa, piimi]a, breviter glandaloso-pnbescens. Rhizoma ramnloBom indnratmn. Rami tenues fere a basi patale dioho- tome 3~7-flori, flore alari longioscale pednnonlato. Folia minima sessilia, infima lineari-spathulata obtnsa, dichotomiamm bracte89qne ovatsa acntiuscnlffi. Calyx anguste cylindricuB, umbilicatns, papillis glandnlosis sparsis obsitas, nervis mbris, dentibus ovafcis. Petala albida, ongaibus glabris, laming ad ^ partem bilob^ lobis obtasis. Gapsala oblonga carpophorum aM][uan8. Semina mgulosa, dorso vix canaliculata, faciebns sabconcava.
Habitu ref ert S. pruinosamy sed calyx dnplo longior, nngaes non ciliati quamvis edentali esse videantur.
Hob. Mt. Kub-Nur, in S.-W. Persia.
157. S. CAPiLLiPES, Bo%88. et Heldr.f Diagn. PI, Nov, Or,, Ser. 11. V. p. 55 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 137.
Corrige : Caales e rhizomate cylindrico plnres adscendentes (nee procumbentes). Hob, Cilicia.
158. S. Campanula, Pers., Syn, PL, i. p. 500 (1805) ; All, Auct, Fl, Pedem,, p. 28, t. 3 (1789) (Cucubalus alpesfcris) ; Eohrb., Monogr., p. 137.
Adde : Calyx nmbllicatns. Filamenta glabra. Semina dorso grannlata canalicnlafca, faciebns plana.
By the striot application of the canons of priority, tliis species might he cited by the name of 8. alpettrit, since SUene alpestris, Jacq. (of 1778), is to he referred to the genus Reliosperma : but it is not worth while, from the point of view of oonyenienoe, to change Fersoon's name, which has been in circulation for 90 years. And, on the other hand, Silene campan%l<Ua, S. Wats., should stand, as the slight difference in spelling is sufficient, though it might not satisfy the more critical nomenclaturists.
Hah, Piedmont.
159. S. Saxifraga, Linn., Sp. Plant,, ed. I. p. 421 ; Beichb., Ic, Fl, Oerm, Helv,, n. 5095 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 138.
Species valde polymorpba et difficilllme oircaroscribenda. Adde syn, S. Notarisii, Gesati, in Bibl, Ital., xci. (1838) p. 346 ; Jiohrb., Monogr., p. 140.
p. HisPANiCA, Bouy, in Bull. 8oc. Bot. France, xxix. (1882) p. 43.
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Canles breviores. Folia punctnlato-scabrida oblongo-spathu- lata yel oblongo-lanceolata, basi rosnlata. Bracteae ovato-lanceo- latsB, omnino scariosse. Gapsula carpopboro sesqailongior.
7. Smithii, Bohrh.^ Monogr,^ p. 138 ; Boiss.^ Diagn, PI. Nov. Or., Ser. II. i. p. 76 (S. Smitbii) ; Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Groeca, iv. p. 79, t. 389 (Saponaria cBBspitosa).
At first referred to Saponaria, as the original specimens appeared to have only two styles.
B. Oreades, Bohrh., Monogr., p. 139; Boiss. et Heldr.^ Diagn. Fl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 92 (S. Oreades). Oeogr. limits. — N W. Switzerland.
W. Prov. of Astnrias, Spain.
8. Mt. Gbei-dagb, above Alaya, in Cilicia.
E. Mt. Stavros, in prov. of Karamania.
160. SiLENE Barbetana, Helcb-. ap. Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppL, p. 107.
Stirps dense pnlvinaris. Gandienli petiolis vetnstis, imbri- catis, coDgestis vestiti. Folia radicalia, anguste linearia, acuta, margine scabridola. Caules floriferi filiformes, nniflori, pnmili. Calyx breviter tnrbinatos, glaber, nervis mbellis, dentibus ovatis late membranaceis. Petala rosea obcordata, ungnibus glabris, laming cam calyce snbaeqmlong^, appendicibns binis ovatis. Capsnla oblonga, carpoplioro brevissimo.
Hah. Mt. Korax, up to 2,200 metres, in the nome of ^tolia, Greece.
ft Calyx dentibns altematim acutis et obtnsis.
161. S. FRUTICULOSA, Steher, pi. exs., et DG. Prodr., i. p. 376 (1824) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 139.
Species arete affinis 8. SaosifrcigcB, sed calycis dentibns altematim acntis et obtnsis, petalis fere totis e calyce exsertis et calyce fructifero carpophore dense adpresso, satis differre videtnr. Snnt antem etiam 8. 8a3dfrag(B formee capsnl4 fere tot& e calyce snpeme dilacerato exsert^. Adde syn. S. gymnotheca. Pane. exs. Oeogr. iimits. — N The Styrian Alps, in Austria. 8. and E. Mt. Ida, in Crete. W. Lake of Iseo, in Lombardy,
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. H
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98 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OENUS SILENE.
162. SiLENB FiLiPES, Freyn et Bint, in Bull, Herb. Botss.y iii. (1896) p. 98.
Dense ceespitosa, glabra vel in feme brevissime retrorsnm scabridula, snpeme hand viscida. Ganles filiformes erecti, vel e basi arcnat&, gcnicnlate-adscendentes, foliosi, ramosi, ramis tennissimis ereeids bracteatis nnifloris. Folia elevatim punctata, lanceolato-linearia, acuta, rigida, infimomm yagin& pallid &, coriace&, dilatat&, margine ciliato-asperft. Flores solitarii, pednncniis calyce longioribus vel snbeequantibns filiformibns. Calyx tubnloso - clavatns nmbilicatus glaber, pallido-pnrpnrascens, dentibns ovatis, membranaceo-marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala Inteo-virescentia, bipartita, lobis lineari- oblongis, appendicibns binis parvis triangnlaribns, nnguibns glabris, snpeme dilatatis. Gapsnla ellipsoidea, carpophore snblongior inclnsa.
A prsBcedenti distingnitnr canle hand viscido et ca{>snU inclnB&.
Hob, Turkish Armenia ; Gnmnchkhane and Mt. Argjri-dagh (June, 1894).
ttt Calyx dentibns acntis.
163. S. MULTiCAULis, Oiiss., PI Bar, /Sic., p. 172, t. 35 (1826) ; Sibth. et 8m., Fl. Grceca, v. p. 14, t. 420 (S. inaperta) ; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 139.
Facie affinis 8. linifolioB, sed basi non lignosa, inflorescentia non cymoso-paniculata, calyx longior basi valde angustatns.
Bertoloni and Bohrbaoh have confused this plant with S. NotariHi of Gesati, which is only a local form of 8. Saxifraga, Bohrbach also mentions the absence in this species of anastomosing nerves in the calyx, and that the teeth are alternately acute and obtuse ; but an examination of authentic specimens shows that the nerres of the calyx do not anastomose, and the teeth seem to be all acute, with occasional yariations. For this reason I ihave transferred the species to another group, and reduced 8, clavata (n. 117) to a Tariety of it. It is quite possible that the teeth of the oalyx in the preceding species maj be found to be onlj an occasional yariation, and that they are either all acute or all obtuse ; if so, there is no necessity for continuing to keep 8, ftruticulosa distinct and in a separate group.
p, CLAVATA, Hampe, in Flora, xx. (1837) p. 233 (S. Saxifraga var. clavata) ; Waldd. et Kit., PL Bar., ii. p. 177, t. 163 (S. Saxifraga) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 140 (S. clavata).
Folia mucronata ; bracteee lanceolat®. Calyx nervis virentibus vel variantibns rnbris. Petala alba, appendicibns brevibus.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 99
8. muUteavlis yar. me/roipilaa (of Boiffs., ' Fl. Orient.,' i. p. 651), may possibly be referred to this Tariety : a form foand in a locality which marks the south limit of the species.
Oeogr. limits. — N, The Apennines of Central Italy.
8. MegaspilaBon, in the nome of Achaia,
Greece. E. Island of Samotliraki, in the Turkish
Archipelago (Von Degen, 1891). W. Corsica.
164. SiLENE MACROPODA, Vehn. in Abh. Bohm, Oes. Wise., VII. i. (1886) n. 8, p. 8, et FL Bulgarica, p. 64.
Glabra, densissime caBspitosa, rhizomate lignoso ramoso. Canles 30 centim. longi, recti, tennes, supeme visciduli, foliosi, apice in racemnm laxum panciflomm abenntes. Folia setaceo- linearia margine sermlato-ciliata ; bractesB setacesB. Pedicelli calycem snbaequantes. Calyx lineari-elongatns, apice clavatns, nervis viridibns, dentibus ovato-triangnlaribns, late albo- marginatis. Petaloram lamina virens cuneata, bifida. Antherad violaoesB. Capsola ellipsoidea, carpophoro bis brevier.
Hah, Bulgaria ; Mt. Yitos, near the city of Sofia, Mt. Bilo, and Mt. Osogovska Planina.
165. S. INCURVIFOLIA, Kar. et Kir,, JEnwn, Fl, Fl, Altaicce, n. 160, in Bull, 8oc. Nat. Mosc, (1841), p. 391 ; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 141.
8. incurvifolia differt a 8, n/rgutd, qnS^am a cl. Fenzl confasa est, calyce toto glandnloso-hirto, nervis anastomo- santibus, dentibus acntis, capsule oblongo-conic4 carpophomm sequante neqne eo plnries longiore.
p. TURKESTANiCA, Begel (sp.), in Act. Hort. Fetrop,, ii. (1873) p. 436.
Faroe ramosa, dense glandoloso-pilosa. Calyx fmctifer paullo clavatns, nervis viridibns, dentibns inseqnalibus. Petala extus violascentia, nnguibns glabris exsertis, fance coronatis, appendicibns denticnlatis.
Hah, Near Ajagns, in the desert of Sonngaria, and Mt. Alatan, in Tnrkestan.
166. S. ACUTIFOLU, Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 141.
Differt a 8. fcetidd jam primo aspectn, calycibns dimidio brevioribns, et petalomm forrn^.
Hob, Serra da Estrella, in Portugal.
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100 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
167. SiLENE FCETiDJL, Link, ex Spreng., Syst VegeL, ii. p. 406, et WiUd., Herb., n. 8610; WiUL, lUustr. Fl, Hisp., t. 61; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 141.
Adde syn. S. fnscata var, (Brot.).
S. Herminii, Welw, ap, Eouy, in Le Naturdliste (1888), p. 43. H(ib, Pico de Arvas, in prov. of Astorias, and Serra da Estrella, in Portugal.
168. S. Maximowiczlana, Bohrh. in LinncBO, xxxvi. (1870) p. 680.
Stirps pilis brevibns reversis hirsnta. Caulis repens, laxns, ramos florigeros permnltos erectos humiles graciles sub- simplices, 8-10 centim. longos edens, atqne ipse apice adscendens floribusqne terminatus. Folia lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata attenuato-acuminata, ad basin versus angus- tata quasi-petiolata, margine serrulato-ciliolata, utrinque Bcabrido-punctulata. Flores solitarii vel bini. Calyx sub- ampliatus, oblongo-clavatus, viridi-rubellus, striis supeme anastomosantibus, dentibns lanceolatis anguste scarioso-cilio- latis. Petala rosea, unguibus glabris, longe ezsertis, lamin& oblongo-oboyat&, bifida, lobis oblongis, appendicibus bipartiiis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis. Capsula ovato-oblonga carpo- phomm quater superans. Semina reniformia, compressa, faciebus plana, dorso plana, margine {Heliospermatis fero modo) tuberculorum magnorum crista irregulariter omato.
Lusus 1 ; Maxim, in Bull. Acad, 8c, Petersh,, xxxii. (1888) p. 482.
Nana, etiam ad calyces pubescens ; flores solitarii vel bini.
Lusus 2 ; Maxim,, l,c.
Major, fere duplo altior, glaberrima ; dicbasium pluriflornm. Species, seminum indumento valde insignis, 8, 8chafl<B admodum affinis, differt autem jam prime aspectu caulibus florigeris non infrarosularibus calycibusque ampliatis ; prsBterea 8, repentem revocat basibus caulicxdorum procumbentibus.
Hah, Mt. Motoyama, prov. of Kai, in the island of Nippon, Japan.
169. S. COBDIFOLIA, All,, Fl. Pedem,, ii. p. 82, t. 23 ; Beichb,, Ic, Fl, Oerm. Heh., n. 5089 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 142.
Hob, The Alps of Piedmont.
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 101
170. SiLENB LAZiCA, Boiss., Dtagn. PI Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 35 ; Eohrh,, Monogr., p. 142.
Hob, Turkish Armenia.
Bohrbacli's next series, viz., Polyschemone, includes only one species, 8, nivalis. As has been pointed out in the Introduction to this rerision, I hare considered it to be better to exclude from the genus those species which hare 5 styles, in which, of course, the capsule is 5-septate at the base, and to distribute them if possible among allied genera. Some botanists, especially those with analytical bias, would prefer to maintain Sohott's original genus, and to consider Folyschemone nivalis as the type of the genus, of which Schott gives a Tery complete description in Analecta hotanioa^ i, p. 66 (1854). The plant was first described as a Lychnis by Kitaibel in 1814, and in the most recent floras is included in Melandrymm.
Series 3. Nanosilene, Species nansD aniflorae : calyx campannlatos.
171. S. ACAULis, Linn., Sp. Plant, ed. II. (1762) p. 603 ; Sp. Plant, ed. I. p. 415 (Cucubalus) ; Beichb., Ic. Ft. Oerm. Helv,, n. 5084; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 143.
a. GENUINA.
Calyx nmbilicatus. Petala profunde emarginata. Capsnla oblongo-cylindrica e calyce longe exserta. Semina parva.
Adde syn. S. alpina, 8. F, Gray, Nat Arr. Brit PL, ii. p. 643.
Forma subagaulescbns, mihi : — subacaulescens, foliis anguste linearibos 25-35 mm.
Hab, United States; Rocky Mts. of Colorado, and in Arizona.
/3. BRTOiDES, Jord, (sp.), PugUL, PL Nov. in Mem. Acad. Nat Lyon, 1851, p. 241 ; Obs. PL France, v. p. 35, t. 1 ; Willk., Ic. Bescr. PL Nov. Hisp., p. 70, t. 51 a.
Calyx hand nmbilicatns, sed in pednncnium angustatns. Petala emarginata. Capsnla e calyce brevins exserta. Semina majora.
8yn. S. acaulis, Willk. in Flora, xxxiv. (1851) p. 601.
Hob. Alps of Dauphiny and Savoy ; Spanish Pyrenees, Mt. Izas, Mt. Soba, and the Baths of Panticosa, in prov. of Aragon (ex Willk. at Lange, Prodr. Ft. Hisp., iii.) ; Switzerland, Plans de laman in canton of Vaud, and Albula Pass in canton of Orisons (ex Nym., Gonsp. Fl. Eur., suppl.).
7. EXSCAPA, All. (sp.), Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 83, t. 79 (1785) ; Jord., Obs. PL France, v. p. 35, t. 1.
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102 MB. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
8yn. S. acanlis var, parviflora, OUhy in DC. Prodr,, i. p. 367. S. polytrichoides, Zumagl, Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 269 (1860). S. acanlis,' 2t£«tM 2, Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 144.
Hab, Dept. of Alpes-Maritimes in France, and adjacent localities in the Spanish Pyrenees (ex Willk, et Lange, Prodr, Fl. Hisp,, iii.); the Alps of Piedmont, and of the adjacent canton of Valais, in Switzerland (ex Nym., Consp, FL Eur.^ suppl.) ; near Bodna, in Transsylvania, F, Porcius (1878).
Oeogr. range, — Arctic and N. temperate zones, north of lat. 35", as far north as lat. 74'', according to Nordenskiold's ' Voyage of the Vega ' ; also in Novaya Zemlya, lat. 73° (Ekstam, 1896).
172. SiLENE Baumgabtini, Schott et Kotschy, PL Fxsicc. TranssUv., n. 459; Beichb,, Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5114; Eohrb.y Monogr., p. 144 (S. dinarica).
8yn. S. depressa, Bawng., Enum. Stirp. Transdlv.^ i. (1836)
p. 404. S. dinarica, Spreng., Syst. Veget, ii. p. 405. Saponaria Banmgarteni, Janka, in Linncea, xxx. (1859- ,
60) p. 559.
Sprengel's name is passed over, being bad and inadmissible, as the plant does not occur, and has nerer been found, in the Dinaric Alps. According to Kotschj the specific name is founded upon a geographical error, and therefore cannot stand.
Hab, Transsylvania, and the Banat, in Hungary.
Series 4. Brachypodce.
Species montanee canlibns strictis: flores solitarii vel bini longissime pedicellati, vel in dichasio simplici laxo ; calyx sab anthesi clavatns, frnctifer oblongns; capsnla carpophomm multies, raro tantnm bis, snperans.
a. Canles florigeri e basi rosnlaa f oliomm terminalis lateraliter edentes.
173. S. GBISEA, Boiss., Diagn. PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. vii. p. 88 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 145.
Jam primo aspectn a S. Jlavescente dignoscenda capsnlis cemnis.
The seeds are incorrectly described by Bohrbach ; I have examined and compared the seeds of authentic specimens, and their character should be amended as follows : — " Semina tenuiter rugulosa, auricuUformia, compresss,
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OBNDS SILENE. 103
dorso granulato suboanaliculsta yel fere plana, faoiebus concayiuscula." This character still further serres to distinguish the plant from the next two species.
Hah. Syria; Mt. Lebanon.
174. SiLENB LBPTOCLADA, Botss., FL OnenL, i. p. 647 ; Bohrb,^ Monogr,, p. 145.
Differt a priori, jam primo aspectu floribus longe pedicellatis, calycis striis anastomosantibns, dentibas obtnsis, petalis breviter bifidis.
Hah, Near Elmalu, in Anatolia.
b. Ganles e folioram rosalsD medio edentes (terminaJes). oc. Flores solitarii vel bini, longissime pedicellati.
175. S. FLAVESCENS, WaldsL et Kit,^ PL Bar, Hung,, ii. p. 19], t. 175 (1804); Beichh., Ic, Fl, Germ, Helv., n. 5090; Bohrh., ^onogr,, p. 146.
According to Simonkai, the record of its occurrence in Transsylrania is erroneous. Bohrbach has joined with this species 8. thessalonicay Boiss. et Heldr., but it seems better to separate it on account of the disposition of the flowers and other well-marked characters.
Oeogr. limits, — N, Hercnles-bad, in Banat, Hungary.
8, Island of Thasos, off the coast of Rnmelia {Bomm, et 8mt,, n. 585, sub S, thessa- lonica). E, Szaszkam, near Be, in Wallachia. W. Croatia.
176. S. MONBRAirrflA, wihi,
8yn. S. monantha, Boiss. et Haussh, in Boiss., Fl. Orient, , suppl, p. 99 (1888) ; non S. monantha, 8. Wats. (1875),
Glanduloso-pubescens caBspitosa pumila. Caules stHcti erecti simplices foliosi. Folia infima oblongo-spathulata in petiolum attenuata, cetera sessilia, latiora, ovato-cordata, amplezicaulia, mucronata. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus, umbilicatus, papillis albis hirsutus, striis virentibus, dentibus ovatis, acutis, albo- marginatis, fructifer nutans infra capsulam constrictus. Petala pallida, cuneata, biloba, unguibus ezsertis, appendicibus trun- catis 4-dcntatis. Capsnla oblonga, carpophorum 5-6-plo Buperans.
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104 MR. r. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Ex afi&nitate S. cordifoUce et S, laztcce, floribus solitariis et calyce post anthesin nufcanie insignis.
The spelling of the name of this species has been slightly altered, as the name selected hj Boissier is pre-occupied hj a North American species described by the late Sereno Watson in 1875.
Hab. Mt. Sindjar, in Mesopotamia.
177. SiLENE ptammulj:folia, Steud. in Schimp., Iter Abyss., II. n. 676, et A. Eich., Tent, Fl. Abyss,, i. p. 43 (1847) ; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 146.
Hab, Mt. Silke, in the district of Semen, Abyssinia.
fi, CANBSCKNS, mihi.
Planta incano-pubescens ; calycis norvis scabro-pnbescentibos inter nervos snbglabris, dentibus triangnlari-ovatis, acntis.
Syn. S. flammnleefolia, Barbey, PI, Arabic, Schweinf, (1889), in Herb, Kew,
Hab, Gebel Schibam, above Menacha, in Arabia Felix.
p, Flores in dichasio laxo qnasi psendoracemosi.
178. S. thessalonica, Boiss, et Heldr,, Diagn, PI, Nov. Or,, Ser. II. i. p. 74.
Velutino-canescens snpeme glandnloso-viscida, basi snffm- tescens. Canles adseendentes e basi ramosi snpeme breviter ramnlosi. Folia rosolarum inferioraqne oblongo-spatbnlata, in petiolnm attennata, superiora linearia; bracteae late albo- marginatsd ciliat©. Flomm pedicelli calycem aeqnantes. Calyx cylindricus glandnloso-hirsntus, fmctifer clavatns, evenius, striis viridibns, dentibns ovato-lanceolatis acntis. Petala ochro- lenca bifida, lobis linearibns, appendicibns binis parvis, oyatis, obtnsis. Capsnla oblonga, carpopbomm 4-plo snperans. Semina dorso granulato canalicnlata, faciebns plana striata.
Syn, S. flavescens var. plnriflora, Griseb, in Herb, Vindob, S. flavescens, lusus 2, Bohrb,, Monogr., p. 146. S. flavescens var. thessalonica, Boiss., Fl. Orient,, suppL, p. 106. Geogr. limits. — N, Mt. Chortiascb, above the city of Salonica, in Rnmelia. E. Island of Tbasos, off the coast of Rnmelia. 8, and W, Mt. Hagion Stephanos, in Thessaly, Greece, 1885 (Hattssknecht, in Mittheil, Thunng, Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 48).
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 105
179. SiLENE MACRONTCHIA, B(yi8S,, Fl, Orient, mppl,, p. 100. Glandaloso-pabescens. Caules semel vel bis dichotomi, erecti,
foliosi, pauciflori. Folia inferiora, oblonga, acnta, basi breviter attennata, intermedia ovata ; bractad a basi sessili rotnndata oblongo-lanceolatflB acnminatse. Pedunculi calyci snbseqnilongi (illi florum alarinm lougiores). Calyx papillari-hispidnlns, striis pallide virentibus, dentibns lanceolato-snbulatis, fructifer snb capsola subconstrictus. Petala alba, bipartita, lobis lineari- oblongis, nngaibas exsertis glabris, appendicibns triangularibQs, elongatis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoram 4-plo snperans.
Praocedenti valde affinis.
Hab. Between the villages of Pewar and Alikhel, in the Knrram Valley, Afghanistan.
180. S. YEMENSis, Deflers, Voy. au Yemen, p. 112 (1889). GaBspitosa, velatino-canescens, yiscidola. Caales erecti
simplices vel dichotomi in racemnm terminalem strictam nnilateralem 3-5-floram abeuntes. Folia pabescentia, ciliata, inferiora conferta, longe petiolata, ssepius acuminata, canlina paaca, parva, sessilia, lineari-lanceolata. Pedicelli erecti, bracteas vix snpcrantes, apice snbincrassati, = \ calycis tubnm. Calyx tnbalosas, glandnlosas, albidas, fnictifer clavatns hirsa- tiusculns, nervis paullo prominentibas, purpureis, viridi- marginatis, dentibns ovato-lanceolatis, obtasis. Petala pallide rosea, bifida, nngnibos glabris, appendicibns pam's binis, linearibns, obtnsis. Capsnla ovata, carpophorum snbaBqnans. Hah, Yemen, in S.-W. Arabia.
181. S. JAPONiCA, JBoArfe. in Linncea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 689. Caolis pilis brevissimis hirsutinsculas, snpeme glaber. Folia
coriacea, patentia, lineari-lanceolata, longe acuminata, carinata, punctulato - scabrida. Flores bini, terminales, ut videtur, racemum pauciflorum formantes ; brae teed parvsD lineares recurvae. Calyx albido-viridis, tubuloso-clavatus basi truncatus, striis viridibus per totam longitudinem reticuloso-venosus, dentibns lanceolatis recurvis, angaste albo-marginatis. Petala saturate purpurea, unguibus calycem aequantibus glabris, laming obovati bifida, lobis ovatis obtasis, appendicibns binis fomicatis ovatis.
A species founded by Bohrbach on a single fragmentary specimen, and for the present doubtfully and tentatiyely placed in this group: in its ooUectiTe characters appears to be distinct from other species.
Hah. Prov. of Ouari, in the island of Nippon, Japan.
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106 MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILEWE.
Series 5. Brachyanthce,
Species montanee inflorescentill dichasiif ormi valde composite ; calyx vel obconicns vel breviter clavatus, et turn hjalinas.
a. Calyx obconicns.
182. SiLENE RUPESTRis, Linn., Sp. Plant, ed. II. (1762) p. 602 ; Reichh.y Ic. FL Oerm, Helv., n. 5091 ; Jiohrb., Monogr.j p. 147.
Addesyn, S. alpestris, Willd. (ex Nym., Consp., p. 92).
Tho character of the seeds varies in different descriptions.
Oeogr, limits. — N, Lapland.
8. Sierra Nevada, in Andalnsia. E, Werchoiurie, in N. Siberia, 60". W, Mtns. of Astnrias, in N. Spain.
183. S. Menziesii, Hook., Fl. Amer. Ben-., i. p. 90, t. 30 (1833) ; Kellogg, in Proc, Calif, Acad., iii. p. 44, f. 12 (S. Dorrii) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 147.
Adde : Caales foliosi. Petala non semper ecoronata.
Hah. The mountains of N.-W. America from Oregon Territory ; Vancouver's Island, the Rocky Mountains, and the Black Hills as far as Slave Lake ; and in the United States from Vancouver's Island to Colorado, South California and New Mexico.
184. S. CRTPTOPETALA, HUleb., Fl. Hawaiian Isl, p. 29 (1888). Caules proceri decumbentes ramosi. Folia lineari-lanceolata
uninervia sensim breviter petiolata glabra apice atque basi acuta ; bracteee cum prophyllis foliis conformes. Cyma) axillares subpaniculatse. omni inflorescenti4 paniculam longam thyrsoideam formante. Calyx clavatus viscose - pubeml us breviter dentatus, ore contracto. Corolla staminaque intra calycem iuclusa. Petala pallida obovato-oblonga minuta emarginata ecoronata. Anthersa ovoidesD obtusas basi bifid®. Capsula coriacea, ovoidea carpophorum esquans vel ab eo paullum superata. Semina reniformia tuberculato-aculeata.
The characters supplementary to those giTen in the original description are based upon the examination of authentic specimens.
Hah. Hawaiian Islands.
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ME. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 107
b. Calyx hyalinns, breviter clavatus basi truncatns.
185. SiLENE Tatarinowii, Regel,inBull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1861) p. 663 ; Eohrb.y Monogr,, p. 131, n. 99, et in Linncsaj xxxvi. (1870) p. 681.
Caules laxi, 30-60 centim. longi, procuinbentes vel adscen- dentes, anpeme laxe et diyaricatim ramosi, pills miniitis retrorsis pnberulo-hirsnti. Folia e basi ovatll oblongo-lanceolata, attenn- ato-acnminafca, breviasime petiolata, hirtello-puberula. Flores in dichasio laxo pins minns composito, calyce panllnm brevins pedicellati, lumis florigeris, e foliornm inferiomm axillis ssepe accedentibus ; bracteeB herbaceae, superiores minntee ovato-vel lineari-lanceolato longe acuminatae, dense pubernlae. Calyx nervis viridibns snpeme yix anasfcomosantibns, dentibns lanceolatis, acntis, ciliatis. Petala rubella, nngnibns longe exsertis, lamin& obovatd, bifida, lobis oblongis, obtnsis interdnm emarginatis, ntrinqne lacinul^ parva obtusinscnl4 anctis, appendicibns binis oblongis. Capsnla oblonga, carpophoram subflBqnans. Semina dorso convexa, faciebns plana obtnse grannlata.
8yn. Silene n. sp., Maxim.y Prim, Fl, Amur., suppl., p. 469.
Sohrbach based the position of this species in his monograph only upon Begel's description, but after he had examined the original specimens colleoted by Tatarinoff subsequently to the publication of his monograph, he rightly considered that the species should be transferred to this group, and should follow n. 131, where it is now placed in this revision. He says : — *' Species, quum generis monographiam seripserim, mihi nisi ex cl. Beglalii descriptione ignota. Itaque auctorem ilium, qui speciem sinensem 8, Sckafta ai&nem esse dicat, secutus sum eamque, quum ex descriptione citata petalorum ungues auriculatos esse putarem inter Aurioulatas enumeravi. Nunc autem speeiminibus originalibus comparatis, ex inflo- rescentia oomposita calycisque forma naturalius mihi esse yidetur, earn ad Brachyanihas numerare, inter quas juxta S. Lerchenfeldianam inserenda est."
Hah. North China ; prov. of Pe-chi-li, near Peking {Bretsch- neider)^ Jehol (David).
186. S. MACEDONICA, ForTuaneky in Verh.y Naiurf. Ver. Brilnny xxxii. (1893) p. 183 [1894].
Canles florigeri e foliornm rosnlea terminalis basi lateraliter adscendentes, debiles, simplices vel apice ramosi. Folia glancescentia, velntino-pnbescentia vel glabra, margine inter- dnm breviter ciliolata, inferiora oblongo-spathnlata in petiolum longnm atfcennata, obtnsa, rosnlata, media ovato-oblonga,
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108 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
superiora lanceolata basi connata ; bracteee lineares. Flores 3-4 axillares, ceteri cymam terminalem coiymbosam 2-5 (speci- minibas pygmeeis etiam nnam) — floram formantes, breviter pedicellati. Caljx glaber, dentibns ovatis, obtusis. Petala alba, lanceolata-cuneata, obtusa. Capsnla ovata, carpopboro daplo loDgior. Semina reniformia, tubercnlata, dorso profunde canalicnlata, faciebus concava.
Ab hao S. Lerchenfeldiana imprimis difEert floribus roseis densius dispositis, petalis emarginatis, et capsal& carpopboro duplo longiore.
Hah. Bulgaria.
187. SiLENE Lerchenfeldiana, Baumg,, Enum. Stirp, Trans- silv.y i. p. 398 (1836) ; Beichh., Ic, FL Germ. Eelv., n. 5091 ; Bohrh,, Monogr.j p. 148.
8yn. S. rupestris (non Linn,), SchuVy Enum, PL Transsilv., p. 105.
Oeogr, limits. — N. Near Kronstadfc, in the Transylvanian Alps (S. rupestris, Schur). S, Mt. Choi'tiasch, near Salonica, in Bumelia. E. Mt. Rbodope, near Carlo va, in Eastern
Bumelia (S. Bulgaria). W. Mt. Kasovati, near Gergussowatz, in Servia.
Series 6. Oompactoe,
Species annuea, biennes, vel perennes. Flores in dicbasio plus minus denso contracto capituliformi, brevissime pedi- cellati : calyx membranaceus glaber, nervis aplce bifurcatim conjunctis ; petala integra vel emarginata.
188. S. Armeria, Linn., Sp. Plant,, ed. I. p. 420 ; Syme, Engl Botany, ed. HI. ii. p. 61, t. 204; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 149.
Di£Fert a sequente, cui valde affinis, radice annu& nee bienni ; bracteis linearibus margine tantum scariosis; dicbasio minus contracto ; calyce paullum breviore, dentibus rotundatis non ciliatis ; carpopboro interdum breviore ; seminum dorso angus- tiore. Hasc planta occidentalis, orientalis ilia.
Adde syn. S. latifolia, S, F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.^ ii. p. 647.
A species distributed throughout Central and Southern Europe; intro- duced in India, North America, Brazil, and probably elsewhere. The geographical area is not so wide as the references in many floras would seem
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 109
to justify, for the records in manj localities are only such as would indicate it as an escape from gardens, where it is generally in cultivation, or in a state of semi-cultiyation, and otherwise imperfectly naturalized. In England it is found occasionally hy river-sides, in cornfields, and in waste places, but apparently only' where it has escaped from gardens ; and does not seem to be permanently naturalized. The pretensions of this species to a place in the British flora seem very slight. Dr. Richardson informed Dillenius that it grew on the banks of the River Dee half a mile below the city of Chester, but no one has confirmed his account. In the appendix to Hooker's ' Student's Flora,' it is mentioned among the excluded species as a casual. Similarly in Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden, it occurs sub- spontaneously. In the United States it is occasionally found on roadsides and in fields, haying escaped from gardens ; it has also been introduce into India and Brazil. In various localities in the northern provinces of Spain it is an uncertain denizen. The specimens found in Luxemburg appear to be naturally wild, as certainly the plant occurs under natural conditions in the neighbouring Prussian province of Rhine-land.
Geogr. limits, — N. Valley of the Moselle, in Rhenish Prussia. S. Sicily. E, Prov. of Koursk, in Russia (ex Nym.,
Consp, FL Eur,, suppL). W, Portugal.
189. SiLENE OOMPACTA, Fisch,, Rort GorenJc.j ed. II. (1812) p. 60; et in Eornem,, Eort Eafn., i. (1813) p. 417; Beiclib., Ic. FL Germ. Helv., n. 6093 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 149.
Differt ab antecedente imprimis infloresoenti4 magis com- pact^ floribus longioribus, petalorum laming integra, radice bienni.
Geogr, limits, — N, Prov. of Podolia, in W. Russia. S, Amanus, N. Syria.
E, In the Djimil Valley, Turkish Lazistan. W, The Banat, in Hungary.
190. S. Reutebuna, Boiss, et Blanche, Diagn. PL Nov, Or,, Ser. II. V. p. 54 ; Bohrh.^ Monogr,, p. 150.
Ab antecedente caule tenuiori, ramis lateralibus elongatis, foliis angustioribus, rameis brevissimis, floribus sparsis, petalis bilobis, distincta.
Hah, Syria.
191. S. AsTBEiAS, Griseh.j SjpiciL Fl, Bith. BumeL, i. p. 168; Bouy, lUustr. PL Ewr, Bar,, fasc. i. (1895) n. 4; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 150.
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110 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Oeogr. limits. — N, Mt. Kopaonik, near Kmschewatz, in Servia. S. and E. Petrov Han, in the Balkans, N.
Bulgaria, Velenovsky (1887). W, Herzegovina (ex Nym,^ Consp, Fl, Eur., p. 89).
B, Species annnsB. a. InflorescentisB rami valde ineequales, altero in florem nnnm redncto, ita ut flores in foliorom axillis geminati esse videantar ; interdnm inflorescentia supeme scorpioidea.
Series 7. Nicoeemes, a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus.
192. SiLENE RAMOSissiMA, Besf., Fl. AtlauL, i. (1798) p. 354; WillJc., Ic. Bescr. PL Nov. Eisp., i. p. 54, t. 39 A; Bohrb., Monogr.y p. 161.
fi. GRAVEOLENS, Buf. (sp.) m Bull. Soc. Bot, France, vii. (1860) p. 242.
Flores longe peduncnlati, axillaribns solitariis erectis, valde odorati, vespertini. Caljcis dentes basi membran& conjnncti. Petala rosea nee alba, linoari-bipartita.
Desfontaines erroneously marked bis plant as perennial, and this misled Dufour into describing S. graveolent as a distinct species.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Near Salon, 1 . ^ , , . « .
E. Near Tarragona,/"' Catalonm. Spam. S. Near Oran, in Algeria. W. Morocco.
193. S. ciNBBEA, Besf., Fl. Atlant., i. (1798) p. 355; Com., lUustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 138, t. 89.
Adde : Canlis 30-60-centim. longns, virgatns, snpeme vel a medio dicbotome ramosus, saspe fere a basi ramos axillares canli conformes emittens, snb lente crebre pnnctiformi-pnberiilas pilis eglandalosis. BractsB herbacese. Calyx fmctifer snpeme clavatns infra capsnlam angustatns. Gapsnla carpophore pabes- cente panllum longior. Semina compressa, facicbas profande anricnliformi-excavata, dorso plana granulata.
Bohrbaoh had not seen the plant, but trusting apparently to Soyer- WiUemet's description, placed it after 8. Kremeri : as the fructiferous calyx is contracted at the mouth, it should come after S. ramoHisima.
Hah. Algeria.
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MR. r. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Ill
b. Calyx fmctifer aplce non contractus.
194. SiLENE Kbembri, 8oy.-WilL et Oodr.^ SiL Alg., p. 31; Cow., lUustr, Fl. Atlant, fasc. iv. (1890) p. 140, t. 90; Bohrb., Monogr.y p. 161.
Adde ; Caulis 10-60-centim. longas, virgatas, superne vel a medio dichotome ramosns. Folia inferiora obtusa, snperiora obtnsa, vel ssepe acnta. Bracteee herbacead, longe ciliatea. Petala albida, ochrolenca, ungnibas ciliatis. Capsula car- popboro pabescente panllum brevior. Semina compressa, faciebns anricnliformi-subconcava, dorso obtase canaliculata tnberculata.
HsBO species habitu 8. cinerecB affinis, sed distincta caljce fractifero superne ovato- vel subgloboso-clavato infra oapsulam constricto, petalorum unguibus dorso glabris, marginibus ciliatis, filamentis in parte inferiore pubescenti-ciliatis, carpo- phori longitudine, seminibus faciebus subconcavis dorso canaliculatis.
As in the previous species, Bohrbaoh did not examine any specimens, but relied on Soyer-Willemet's description, to which are here added other characters given bj Cosson in his account of the plant.
Hab. Algeria.
195. S. ciRTiNSis, Pomel, Nouv. Mat, Fl, Atlant., p. 328. Caulis erectus, robustus, e basi ramosus, ramulis strictis,
brevissime pubescens. Folia glauca, obovata vel oblonga, superiora sublinearia, omnia pubei*ula, ciliata. Flores breviter pedunculati Galjx tubulosus, fmctifer ovoideo-oblongus infra capsulam constrictus, nervis pilis articulatis vestitis, superne reticnlato-venosus, dentibus obtusis oblongis. Petala bifida, unguibus ciliatis, appendicibus brovibus bilobis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblongo-ovoidea carpophorum quater superans. Semina brunea, faciebus excavata striata. Hah, Environs of Constantine, Algeria.
196. S. NiCiKENSis, All, Misc, Taurin,, v. p. 88 ; Fl. Pedem., ii. (1785) p. 81, t. 44; Eohrb,, Monogr,, p. 152.
Adde syn, S. Yallosiaca, Link., Handb., ii. p. 244. A Inennial species, according to E. Tanfani.
Oeogr. limits, — 8, and E, Cyprus.
, N, Island of Lido, near Venice (KeUner, ex Tanfani, iv Pari., Fl, Italiana, ix. p. 394 [1892]).
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112 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
b. Flores in dichasio composito regulari, ramis sequalibus vel raro paullum insBqaalibas.
Series 8. Atocia,
Caljx fractifei apice non contractus. Semina faciebns curvato-excavata, vel subglobosa profunde umbilicata.
a. Semina faciebos cnrvato-excayata (conoavinscula).
<f. Semina dorso, tnberoalomm seriebus 3 omato, plano- convexa medio leviter canalicniata.
197. SiLENE FUSCATA, Lifik^ ap, Brot., Fl. LusiL, ii. (1804) -p. 187 ; WiWc, Ic. Bescr. PI. Nov. Eisp., i. p. 66, t. 48 A ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 153.
Geogr, limits, — N. Liguria ; the Gulf of Genoa. E. Beyrout, in Syria. S. Algeria. TT. Near Lisbon.
198. S. Pseudo-Atocion, Besf,, FL Atlant, i. (1798) p. 353 ; Willk,, Ic. Bescr, PL Nov, Hisp.^ i. p. 66, t. 49 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 154.
Valde affinis 8, fuscatcBj a quA differt caule e basi ramoso ; floribus non appropinquatis ; calyce longiore baud umbilicato, nervis reticulato-venosis, commissuris glabris, dentibus acatis ; carpopboro pubescente multo longiore; seminibus paullum majoribus.
fi, ORANENSis, Battand., Fl. de VAlgSrie, p. 138 (1888).
Petala maxima obovato-cuneata subemarginata. Capsula earpopborum subaequans.
Hob. Majorca, in the Balearic Isles, and Algeria ; also near Jerez, in Andalusia, Perez Lara (1886).
p, Semina dorso obtuse canalicniata. t Calyx eveniuB.
199. S. DiVARiCATA, Clem., Flench, Hort Mad/rit (1806), p. 103 ; Willk., Ic. Bescr. PL Nov. Hisp., i. p. 50, t. 35; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 154.
Habitu baec valde aocedit ad 8. sedoidem, a qu& differt omnium partium magnitudine; pubescentiaa modo; calycis evenii dentibus lanceolatis acutis seminum forrn^ diversissimft.
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 113
/3. WiLLKOMMIANA, /. Oay (sp.), op. C088.y Not. PI Grit, u. (I860) p. 32 ; Wtllk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 660.
Robnstior, ramosissiina, dense hirsnta, valdo viseosa, foliis camosnlis, corolla pallida.
Gfeogr, limits. — N, Sierra de Carascoj, near Mnrcia.
8. Dschebel Santo (Sacred Moantain), in
Algeria. E. Dschemma Ghazawat, in Algeria. W. Andalasia, near Malaga.
200. SiLENE RUBELLA, BroL, Fl. Lusit, ii. (1804) p. 188; WiUk., Ic. Descr. PI Nov. Eisp., p. 66, t. 48 B ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 165.
Differt a 8. fuscatd, cni habita valde aocedit, calyco hand nmbilicato, scabride nee viscoso-pnbescente, dentibas rotnn- datis; carpophore multo breviore; seminom fonn&; a ceteris magis distat.
The Liimean deeoripUon is loosely worded, and does not sufficienUj identify the plant, which is described from Portogaese specimens. It is as follows : — " Badix annoa. Oaulis erectus, rectus, tIx pedaUs, non ramosos. Folia inferiora cuneif ormia obtosa, superiora lanceolata ; artioulos supremus caulis longior. Flores oonferti caulem terminant, diohotomi, 8 Tel 7. Calyces glabri, cesii, subglobosi, Tcnosi. CoroUsD rubrs, bifldsB, nectarifero, yix onqoam aperte, minutiisimflD et yix oonspicus."
Adde syn. S. antirrhina, Otth, in DO. Prodr., i. p. 378 (non Linn.),
Oeogr. limits. — N. Monserrat, in Catalonia. 8. Upper Egypt.
E. Near Bagdad, in Asiatic Turkey. W. Near Lisbon.
201. S. Bkrgiana, Lindm, in Act. Sort. Berg., i. (1891) p. 3, n. 6, f . 1-8.
Ganlis erectos simplex vel rarias e basi ramosns, pilis recurvis scabride puberulos. Folia inferiora ovato-spathnlata ad basin attennato-petiolata, obtasissima, snperiora oblongo- lanceolata, acata, basi angnstata, omnia ciliata; bracteaB et prophylla nndnlatse late lineares, acmninatae, ciliatsB, pobemlae. Dichasinm remotifloram; pedicelli fractiferi calycem nsqne 3-plo snperantes. Calyx pallide virens 9 mm. long, obovato- cylindracens, f mctifer obovato-turbinatns, basi attenaatus, hand nmbilicatns, pnbemlns, dentibns sabtriangolari-rotandatis albido-mai-ginatis lannginoso-ciliatis, norvis latis viridibas.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, YOL. XXXII. I
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114 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE3 GENUS SILENB.
Petala pallide rosea, bifida, nDgoibos snpemo paullum connatis, laming minnt& obcordatft, appendicibas binis parvis leviter emarginatis, Bon in tnbam connatis. Capsala ovoidea carpo- phornm 3-4-plo saperans.
8yn. S. rubella, Hort. Olyssiponensis.
Hob. Portagal.
202. SiLENE TURBiNATA, Gu88., Fl, SiculfB Prodr,, i. (1827) p. 506; Moris, FL Sardoa, i. (1837) p. 249, t. 14 (S. rubella var, brachypetala).
Caulis erectus, simplex vel e basi ramosus, glaber. Folia radicalia lanceolato-spathulata, obtusa, media lanceolata acuta, superiora linearia acuminata, omnia margine scabra, uninervia. Flores laxe paniculato-fasciculati, breviter pedicellati. Calyx albidus clayatus basi in petiolam attenuatus, fructifer turbi- natus, dentibus i*otundatis obtusis, late albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala rosea bifida, unguibas inclusis, lamin& minimi obcor- datft, lobis obovato-linearibus, appendicibus bilobis, inter se connatis. Capsula ovata carpophorum ter superans.
A 8. ruhdld certissime diversa.
Hah. Sardinia and Sicily.
203. S. SEOETALis, Buf, in Bull. Soc, Bot. France, vii. (1860) p. 241.
Caulis erectus, dichotome ramosus, pruinoso-pubescens. Folia ovato-oblonga, omnia margine undnlata, ad basin attenuata, ciliata. Flores erecti. Calyx purpurascens glaber, breviter tabulosus, fructifer turbinato-clavatus, dentibus ovatis, obtusis, late albo-marginatis, lannginoso-ciliatis. Petala emarginata rosea, appendicibus oblongis, bilobis, inter se connatis. Capsula ovato-oblonga, carpopbornm bis terve superans.
Syn. S. patula, Lag, ex Buf., I.e., p. 242 (non Desf.).
S. rubella, Soy, -Will et Godr., SU, d' Alger., p. 37
(non Linn, f) S. undulata, Pourr. in Herb. Salvad., n. 109 (non Ait.),
fide Rohrh.y Monogr., p. 155. S. stricta, Achar. in Herb. Holm, (non Linn.), fide Lindm. Geogr. limits. — N. Tudela, in Navarre. E. Tunis. S. Algeria. W. Near Cadiz, in Andalusia.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 115
tt Calyx neryis anastomosantibns.
204. SiLENE ARGILLOSA, Munbyy in Bull. 8oc, Bot, France, xi. (1864) p. 44; Coss.y Bustr. Fl. AtlanL, fasc. iv. (1890) p. 141, t.91.
Pubescenti-glandalosa. Canles 14-40 centim. longi, erecti, Bopeme dichotomi, plures vel solitarii, pilis inferioribas, cris- pulis longioribas, anperioribus brevibas. Folia hand nndulata, margine eiliato-scabra ; inferiora obovato-oblonga vel oblonga obtnsa, infeme attennata; snperiora lanceolata, acuta, infeme hand attennata ; bracteee herbace©, pedicellis breviores. Flores erecti, longissime pedicellati, dichotomiis pins minus diver* gentibns. Calyx oblongo-tnbulosus, basi umbilicatns, pallide yirescens vel mbescens, fructifer snpome cylindracens infra cap- sulam angnstatus, nervis viridibus, dentibos ovato-hiangnlaribus snbacutis, albo-marginatis, lanuginoso-ciliatis. Petala rosea, ungnibns parnm exsertis, laminS. integra oblongo-cnneata, appendicibns oblongis integris et omnibus ad coronam snperne crenulatam adnatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-cylin^ drica carpophoro snbtriplo lougior. Semina reniformia, cora- presso-subglobosa, dorso lato tubercnlomm seriebus tribns omato.
Habitn notisque plnrimis affinis S.fuscatce, sed difiPert dentibus calycinis snbacutis non obtnsinscnlis, petalis ad faucem lamella integr^ non emarginato-bilob& donaiis, capsule ovato-cylindracei, carpophoro brevi.
By Bohrbach joined with 8, rubella, but is essentially distinct, as Cosson shows.
Hah. Prov. of Oran, in Algeria.
b. Semina subglobosa tnbercnlata profunde urobilicata. Calyx nervis anastomosantibns.
205. S. .BGYPTiACA, lAnn. /., Suppl. Plant, p. 241 ; Linn., Sp. Plant, ed. I. p. 415 (Cncubalus) ; Jacq.jHort. Vindoh., iii. (1776) p. 19, t. 32 (S. Atocion) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 156.
Adde syn. S. atocia, St. Lntj. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, vii. (1880) p. 134.
S. retroflexa, Steud., Nomend. Bot., ed I. p. 780 ; ed. II. p. 587. Geogr. limits. — N. Cilicia, in Asia Minor. E. Prov. of Aleppo. S. Egypt, near Alexandria. W. Algeria, luar Tiaret.
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206. SiLENE viRESCENS, Co88., Elustr, Fl, Atlatitj fasc. iv. (1890) p. 143, t. 92.
Canles 15-30-centim. longi, erecti, ad medium vel supeme dichotomi, glandoloso-pabescentes. Folia haud nndnlata, pilis balbosis conspersa, margine ciliata ; inf eriora oboyata yel ovato- oblonga obkusa infeme in pekiolum attenuata; caulina ovato- oblonga ; bractesB pedicellis snbdnplo breviores. Flores longis- sime pedicellati, pedicellis post antbesin patentibus, dicbotomiis divergentibas vel divaricatis. Calyx pallide yirescens, oblongo- tnbnloscs, basi nmbilicatus, fructifer cylindraceo-dilatatus, apice hand contractus infra capsalam angnstatns, dentibns triangalaribas, acntis, albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala purpn- rasceotia, nngnibns exserfcis, laming minnt& oblongo-cnneatft emarginata, appendicibas bipartitis minntis acntis. Filamenta glabra. Capsnla cjlindracea snbsessilis carpophomm mnlties snperans. Semina reniformia.
Ab ek 8. divaricata differt villositate omninm partinm mnlto longiore, f oliis angnstioribns plerisqne lanceolatis, acntis, calyce in nervis anastomosantibns loDge hirsnto, fmctifero snpeme oblongo, infeme attennato, petalomm lamella elongate in lobos lineares acntos bipartitli, capsnl^ demdm calycem excedente, snpeme panllnlnm attenuate, seminibns striatis latins depressis et dorso obtnse canalicnlatis.
Hab. S.W. Morocco.
207. S. ATOCioiDES, Boiss.f Biagn, PL Nov. Or.y Ser. I. v. p. 83 ; Bohrh.y Monogr., p. 156.
Ad S. cegyptiacam valde afl&nis, a qn& difPert bracteis herbaceis, foliis minoribns acntioribns, capsnl^ breviore, et prsesertim seminnm form& et magnitndine. Hab. S. Anatolia.
208. S. MBKiNKNSis, Oow., IlUistr. FL Atlant.y fasc. iv. (1890) p. 144, t. 93.
Pnbescenti - glandnlosa. Canles erecti vel diffnso-adscen- dentes, dichotome ramosi. Folia hand nndnlata, pilis basi bnlboso-incrassatis conspersa, margine ciliata ; inferiora obovata vel obovato-oblonga, obtnsa, in petiolnm brevem attennata ; canlina ovata vel ovato-oblonga, obtnsa rarins acnta. Bracteaa pedicellis breviores. Flores longe pedicellati, dichotomi© ramis divergentibus, ramo altero dichotomiarum interdnm abortn nnifloro vel deficiente. Calyx albido-virescens vel mbescens
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 117
oblongo-tubnlosns, nmbilicattis, fmctifer dilaiatus, oblongus, snpeme attenuatns, infra capsolam aDgnstatns, nervis pilis patentibtLB yestitis, dentibTis ovato-triangularibns rotnndatis albo-marginatis, longe ciliatis. Petala pnrpurascentia, ungnibus ezsertis, laming oblongo-cuneati, emarginat&, appendicibns binis elongatis lineari-lanceolatis, acntis, inter se liberis. Filamenta glabra. Capsnia ovato-oblonga sub-sessilis carpophoro 4-5-plo loDgior.
8. vvrescenti yillositate brevi magis proxima, sed distdnota calyce fmotifero oblongo snpeme atteunato, non cylindraceo, petalis mnlto majoribns, appendicibns binis lineari-lanceolafcis, capsnU oTato-oblong& snpeme attennat^.
Hah, Djebel Sadig, near Mekinez, in Morocco.
209. SiLENE DELICATULA, Boiss.^ Dtagn. PL Nov, Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 41 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 157.
Hab. Gilicia, in Auia Minor.
210. S. INSULARI8, Barhey, in Bull. Soc, VawJ, Sc, Nat. (1886), p. 220 ; Boiss.y Fl. Orient., 8H(ppl., p. 95.
Breviter et crisp ale pnbescenti-yiscida, obscure virens. Ganles plnres ascendent] -prostrati fragillimi 2-5-flori. Folia minima, ovato-oblonga, obtnsa, infima brevissime petiolata, snprema sessilia, elliptica, acuta. Flores ob dichotomiaa ramum alterum abortivum solitarii, peduncnlo filiformi eis 2-8-plo longiore snffolti. Calyx florifer tnbulosus, fmctifer ovato-oblongus, dentibus oblongis obtnsis. Petala rosea, ungnibus paullulnm exsertis, laming oblong^. Capsula ovaia carpophoro 6-plo longior. Semina muriculata, dorso plano- convexiuseula, faciebus plana.
Affinis praecedenti, caulibus elongatis erectis valde dicho- tomis, foliis acutis, caljce longiore obconico, capsule carpophoro tantum duplo longiore, seminibus muricnlatis, ab hftcce dis- tincta. Fades 8, sedoidis.
Hdb. Mt. Kalolamni, in the island of Scarpanto, in the Turkish Archipelago.
Series 9. Bigidtdce, Calyx fmctifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus plana. A. Semina dorso utrinquo al& undulate omato canaliculata.
211. S. NANA, Kar. et Kir. in Bull, 8oc. Nat. Mosc,^ xv. (1842) p. 169; Bohrl., Monogr., p. 157.
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118 MB. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
8. clandestincB quadammodo ex habita similis, plaribus noiis antem diversissima, — petalis integris, oalyoe fractifero ampliak), foliis acnmiDatis, glabris, margine pilis raris ciliatis nee scabris, Beminibns al4 andalaUL marginatis.
Bj Ledebour (*F1. Bossica/ i. p. 777, in suppl.) placed in ihe group Muanthe, which is now a section of the genus Melandr^m, From wa examination of the capsules of dried specimens in Herb. Kew, I am inclined to agree with this view, as I was unable to detect the remains of septa at the base of the capsules I examined ; but I should prefer not to be responsible for excluding the species from Silene unless I had the opportimitj of examining the fresh capsules of liying plants. Boissier (Fl. Orient, i. p. 681) has " capsula basi trilocularis," though the statement seems based onlj on presumptiye eyidenoe.
Oeogr, limits. — N. Agathme, in Turkestan. S. Belnchistan. E, The spring of Sassjk-pastan, in the Desert
of Sonngaria. W. Kerman, in S.E. Persia.
B. Semina dorso plana, a. Capsnla carpophorum bis Buperans.
212. SiLENE HussoNi, Boiss., Diagn. PL Nov. Or,^ Ser. I. viii. p. 76 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 158.
Hah. Wadi Sannoar, in the Egypto-Arabian Desert.
b. Capsula carpophorom eqnans vel panllnm snperans.
213. S. EiGiDULA, Sihths et 8m., Prodr. Fl. Qroec, i. p. 299 ; Fl. Oroeca, v. p. 21, t. 430 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 168.
Adde syn. S. methansea, Heldr. Exs. Herh. Norm., n. 828.
Haussknecht is disposed to consider this species as merely a form of 8. portensiSf in which the capsule and carpophore are nearly of the same length : there is no difference in the seeds of the two plants.
Geogr. limits. — N, Mt. Hymettus, near Athens. E. Island of Rhodes. W. Mt. Maleyo, in the Morea. S. Island of Crete.
214. S. BCHINOSPERMA, Boiss., Diogii. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 78 ; Bohrb. Monogr., p. 158.
Difiert a priori, coi valde affinis, pr»8ertim colore petalomm et seminibns. Hah. Mt. Taygetus, in the nome of Messenia, Greece.
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. L19
215. SiLENB JUNCBA, 8ibth. et 8m., Prodr, Fl, Orcec, i. p. 297 (1806) ; Fl. Orceca, v. p. 15, t. 421 ; Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gcvrd., i. t. 92 (S. picta) ; Eohrh., Monogr., p. 159 (S. picta).
A prionbns, floribas brevissime pedicellatis jam primo aspecta disiingui potest.
Addesyn. S. reticulata, Link, Enum. Hart. BeroL, i. p. 426 (nonDesf.).
/3. PALLIDA, Boiss.y Fl. Orient., i. p. 605.
Pallide yirens. Rami strictiores. Caljcis nervi pallidiores. Petaloram lobi angastiores acutiores, nervis panels non anastomosantibiis.
Syn. S. syriaca, Beut. in Oat. Hort. Oenev, (1857), p. 4.
S. filiformis, Ehrenh. Herb., an Otth, in DO. Prodr.y i. p. 376 ?
To avoid confuaion of names and dates, it is best to follow Boissier in the name for this species in place of 8. picta, Pers. (1805). Persoon identifies with his plant 8. btcolor, Thore, which is oertainlj a sjnonjm of 8. partensit (the next species), but Bohrbach seems to infer that Persoon's brief diagnosis of 8. picta does not acouratelj describe authentic speci- mens of 8. pieta, Thore, and while admitting the latter as a synonym of 8. portentis, credits Persoon with a new species with Thore's name tacked on to it. This subordination of the law of common sense to the law of priority only tends to bring the latter more into disrepute than it already is. Inaccuracy and ambiguity in Persoon*8 brief description is much more likely than actual differences in the authentic specimens. Compare also 8. pieta, Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. I. p. 159 (1804), which Bohrbach refers also to the next species ; also 8. picta, DC, PI. Bar. Hort. Gener.
Oeogr. limits. — N. and W. Island of Rhodes {Bourgeaxi, 1888). 8. Sidon, in Syria. E. Baalbec, in the Lebanon {yar. /3).
c. Capsnla carpopboro bis terve snperata.
216. S. PORTENSis, Linn., 8p. Plant, ed. I. p. 420; Beichb., Ic. Fl. Oerm. Helv., n. 5074 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 159. Oeogr. limits. — N. Lignria, in Italy {Tanfani, in Pari. Fl- Italiana, ix.). 8. Andalusia, in Spain.
E. Island of Negropont, in the Greek Archi- pelago. W. Near Oporto, Portugal.
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120 ME. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS 8ILENE.
0. Semina dorso canalicnlata. a. Capsnla carpopboro ter quaterve snperata.
217. SiLENE RETICULATA, De«/., Fl, Atlant, i. (1798) p. 350, t. 99 ; Rohrh., Monoyr., p. 160.
Hah, Mt. Atlas, in Algeria.
b. Capsala carpopbomm ssquans. a. Filamenta villoso-ciliata.
218. S. KOTSCHYi, Boies., Diagn PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 40. Breviter praiDOBO-piibescens, snperne viscidula, viridis. Gaulis
gracilis snperne dichotome ramosus, ramis filiformibns rigidis. Folia inferiora anguste lineari-lanceolata, inncronata, supe- riora linearia; bractesB et propbylla setacesB, acntee, albo- marginatad ciliatsB. Flores mediani calyce mnlto longius pedicellati, flores laterales caljce brevius pedicellati. Calyx papilloRo-hirtalns, tabnloso-clayatus, evenixis, tmncato-umbili- eatns, fructifer ubiongo-clavatas, infra capsulam leyiter con- strictns, dentibos lanceolatis acaminatis, ciliatis. Petala rosea, emarginato-bifida, cnneata, appendicibns binis rotnndatis. Capsnla ovato-oblonga.
/3. MARiTiMA, Boiss,, Fl, Orient, i. p. 602. 7-10 contim. alt., hnmilior, intemodia abbreviata. 8yn, S. microsperma, Fenzl, Pugill. Plant. Nov, Syr., p. 9, n.27.
7. EXSUDANS, Boiss. et Heldr, (sp.), Diagn, PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 76 ; Fl. Orient., i. p. 602.
Inferne crispnle pnbernla, snperne yiscidnla, a basi divari- catim et dichotome ramosissima, pnmila. Calyx yiridi-vittAtns. Capsnla oyata.
Hah, Tcbinoya, and near Adalia, in Anatolia.
5. EFFUSissiMA, Boiss., Fl, Orient., suppl., p. 95.
Canles 45-centiin. longi, longe et tennissime ramosissimi. Appendices corollsB acntiores, triangulares.
Hah. Mt. Avronian, prov. of Marascb, and Mt. Scbabn, in Kni'distan.
€. CASSLA, Boiss, (sp.), Diagn, PI. Nov, Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 78 ; Bohrh. Monogr., p. 160.
Inferne papilloso-scabridula, snperne glabra viscida. Canles
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e basi ramosi. Flores omnes calyce longins pedicellati. Petala alba, profundins bifida. Hob. N. Syria ; Mt. Cassins.
f. COBINTHUICA, Botes, et Heldr. (sp.), Boiss.^ Ft. Orient..^ sufpl,^ p. 96.
Calyx glaber rabellns, dentibns ovatis, obtnsis, altemis, mnoronnlatis. Peiala albida.
Bah, Lutraki, on the Corinth Canal (Heldreich).
There is some ambiguity and confosion in Rohrbach's account of the TariouB forms of this polymorphous species. The grouping of the Tarieties as giyen above is based upon my examination of the material at Kew.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Prov. of Marasoh, in Torkey in Asia (forma typica). 8. Mt. Lebanon (forma typica). E. Mt. Schahn, in Kurdistan (var. S). W. Lutraki, on the Corinth Canal (yar. f ).
219. SiLENE INTRICATA, Posty in Post et Autran^ in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (Apr., 1895) p. 154.
Infeme et usque ad inflorescentisB basin tenuissime papilloso- aspera, superne glabra viscida. Caules numerosi, erecti, effuse et intricatim paniculati, ramis filiformibus. Folia graminosa, linearia, plana, papilloso-scabridula, superiora decrescentia. Pedunculi calyce multo breviores. Calyx glaberrimuE, evenius, mbro-lineatus, dentibus ovatis, obtusis. Petala viridia, cuneata, ultra medium bipartita, appendicibuE binis minimis denti- formibus.
Species prsBcedentis var. effusissimfs affinis, differt foliis planis non complicatis, calyce glaberrimo rubro- (nee viridi-) lineato dentibus ovatis obtusis, petalis viiidibus.
Hob. Mt. Gaiour-dagh, in prov. of Aleppo (n. 302).
fi. Filamenta glabra.
220. S. CARiENSis, Boiss.y Diagn. PL Nov. (Jr., Ser. I. i. p. 40 (1842) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 161.
Adds : Caulis gracilis, superne dichotome ramosus. Lamina magna cuneato-obcordata, appendicibus linearibus, unguibus glabris. Species elegans facie Eudianthes OoRli-rosce.
Hob. Anatolia.
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122 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
221. SiLENE INTEGRIPETALA, Bory et Ghauh., Fl. Pelopon., p. 27, n. 687, t. 14 (1832) ; Bohrb.y Monogr., p. 161.
Hah. Morea, in Greece.
222. S. LACONiCA, Boiss. et Orph., Biagn. Fl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. vi. p. 34 ; Bohrb.f Monogr., p. 165.
S. pentelicce affinis, sed dilEeii prsesertim floribns majoribns, petalis bilobis. Hah. Mt. Malevo, in tbe nome of Laconia, Greece.
223. S. ARENOSA, C. Koch^ in Linnoia, xv. (1841) p. 711; .Stschegl. in Bull. 8oc. Nat. Mosc. (1853), i. p. 322, t. 5
(S. Kowalewskyi) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 161.
S. linearis est planta major, foliis latioribuH, caljce reticulato- venoso. Qeogr. limits. — N. Nakbtscbewan, on tbe R. Aras, in Russian Armenia. S. Lake of Nemeckdenja, in S. Persia. E. Pesbawnr, in tbe Punj&b. W. Ruins of Babylon, prov. of Bagdad.
224. S. LINEARIS, Decne., Fl. Sinaic, in Ann. Sc. Nat., S6t. II. iii. (1835) p. 276 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 162.
A. S. Kotschyi differt canle crassiore albido, foliis minus tenuibus, caljcis dentibus margine membranacdis non ciliatis. Qeogr. area. — Tbe Eg jpto- Arabian Desert.
N. Wadi Hebran, in Arabia Petrssa. S. Between Kosseir and Ras Benass, on the Egyptian coast of tbe Red Sea (Schwein- furth). E. The peninsula of Mt. Sinai (Schweinfurth). W. Bir Beda, near Suez.
c. Capsula carpopborum 2-4-plo superans. a. Flores laterales caljce brevius pediceilati.
225. S. CH^TODONTA, Botss., Biagn. Fl. No%\ (Jr., Ser. I. i. p. 39 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 162.
Facies it?. Musciptdca^ sed cal jz fruotifer apice non contractus, nervis non anastomosantibus.
Adde syn. S. debilis, Stapf, in Benlcschr. Akad. Wien., li. (1886) 282.
fi. PiiTODES, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 606; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 162.
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ME. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 123
Yarietas hnmilis viscosissima, ramis abbreviatis, floribns omnibuB brevissime pedicellatis.
Oeogr. limits. — N, Turkey in Asia ; prov. of Orfah, near the B. Euphrates. 8. S. Persia. E, N. Persia; Schahimd, in prov. of
Khorassan. W, Syria ; near Beyrout.
226. SiLENE STBUTA, Bohrh, in Bot, Zeitung^ xxv. (1867) p. 83 ; Monogr,, p, 163.
Adde : Calyx anguste cylindricus inter costas eleyatas sulcato-striatus, fructifer clavatus.
Facie et characteribus valde affinis formis pumilis 8, Kotschyi, quIUsum confusa fuerat et a qu& difFert calyce glaberrimo, pedunculis crassioribus, appendicis corolleo form^, filamentis glabris, et carpophori loDgitndine.
Hah. Near Baalbec, in the Lebanon.
p. Flores laterales calyce loDgius pedicellati. t Petala e calyce exserta.
227. S. PiNETOBUM, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagii. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 75 ; BauL, tie de Crete, p. 600, t. 9 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 164.
Differt a S. pentelicd rigiditate, foliorum form&, pedunculis longioribus, form& capsulae. Hob. Crete.
228. S. SEDOiDES, Poir., Voy. Barb., ii, p. 164 ; Beichb., Ic. Ft. Oerm. Helv., n. 5064 b ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 164.
A priori differt calyce oblongo reticulato-venoso, capsulU oblong& carpophore broviore, seminibus multo minoribus.
Adde syn. S. delicatnla, Bertol., Fl. Halica, iv. p. 624.
S. sicula, Cyr., ex Schrank, in Denkschr, Bot. Oes. Begensb,, ii. (1822) p. 46.
fi. LAXA, Haussh in Mittheil. Thuring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 51.
Caules elongati, subflaccidi, filiformes. Folia majora, tenuiora, pallide viridia, intemodiis valde remotis. Petala, unguibas exsertis.
Hah. Vromolimni, in S. Greece.
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124 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
7. PACHYPHTLLA, Haussk, in Nym, Consp, Fl. Eur,^ sv/ppl,^ ii. p. 55 (1889) [nomen] ; Haussh, in MittheU, Thiiring, Bot. Ver.^ Heft V. (1893) p. 51.
Canles crassiores, rigid!, dense glandaloso-viscosi, lateralibns B89pe prostratis, elongatis. Folia basilaria majora, obovato- spathulata, apice rotandata, omnia crassa, pilis longioribns obtecta, summa ovata. Inflorescentia divaricatim et laze cymosa. Calyx obovoideo - clavatus, dentibns latioribus obtnsioribns. Capsnla carpophoro bis longior. Hah. Near Athens.
Oeogr. limits. — N, Istria, in Austria (ex Nym.^ Gonsp, FL Eur.). S. and E. Near Sidon, in Syria. W. Carthagena, in pro v. of Mnrcia (WiUk. et Lange^ Prod/r. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 661).
229. SiLENE PBNTELICA, Boiss., Didgn, PL Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 74 ; Roh/rb.y Monogr., p. 164.
Tota patnle et breviter birsnta viscida. Gaalis humilis e basi divaricatim ramosissimus. Folia radicalia oblongo- spathnlata, obtasa, floralia sensim diminuta, oblongo-linearia. Inflorescentia divaricatim et laxe cymosa, nee snpeme snbra- cemosa ; pedicelli fractiferi erecti, flomm dichotomialium calyce mnlto longiores. Calyx papillari - yiscidus, obconico-ovatns, nmbilicatus, nervis anastomosantibus, dentibas ovatis obtosis. Petala rosea, cnneata, retasa, appendicibos bipartitis, segmentis oblongis, nnguibus longias exsertis. Capsala Crustacea nee membranacea, oblonga, carpopboram ter superans. Sen[iina transverse striata.
Affinis praecedenti, differt cymis regulariter dicbotomis, pednncnlis longioribns erectis, laminis longias exsertis.
Hah. Livadia ; Mt. Pentelicns, between Atbens and Marathon.
230. S. Haussknechtii, Heldr,, PL exsicc. in Itin. Qrcec. (1885) ; et in MittheiL Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 51.
Canlis bumilis, e basi divaricatim ramosns, scabro-pnbesoens, glandnlosos. Folia subcarnosa scabro-pabescentia, glandnlosa, inferiora lanceolate- spatbnlata, obtnsioscnla, ciliata, snperiora elliptico-ovata, acntioscnla, brevissima, snmma lanceolata, magis acuta. Calyx glandnloso-viscosus, clavato-cylindricns, nmbili- catos, frnctifer oblongo-clavatas, infra capsnlam constrictns,
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nervis anastomosantibns, dentibns ovatis obtnsiR albomarginatis ciliatis. Petala rosea, lamin& ovato-rotandatft, integr&, yenis obsonrioribus peronrsft, appendicibas bidentatis. Capsnia carpophoro ter longior.
Affinis prsBcedenti, differt foliis latioribus minus obtnsis, caljce angnstiore, petalis integris, appendicibns bidentatis, etc.
Described from authentio Bpecimens in Herb. Eew.
Hah, On tbe peak of Zygos of Mt. Pindus, above Metzovo, upon tbe frontier between Greece and tbe Tnrkish province of Epims.
tt Petala tota in calyce inclnsa sive nulla.
231. SiLENE iNAPERTA, Linn., 8p. Plant.f ed. I. p. 419 (non Linn. Herh.^ quae = S. multicaulis, Ouas,) ; Dill,, Hort, Eltham,, p. 424, t. 316, fig. 407 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 165.
Forma foliosa, mihi,
Planta csespitosa ; caules foliosi ; folia camosula basi ciliolata.
Hah. Villa Nova de Portimao, in Portugal, 1847 (Welw., Herb. Algarh,, n. 693).
/3. ARAGONENSis, Pau^ Not, Bot, Ft, JSspan., i. p. 21 (1887) ; WiUk,, Frod/r, Fl, Hisp,, suppl, p. 281 (1893).
Calyx nervis vix anastomosantibus. Petala bidentata, denti- bns nee divergentibus. Hah. Aragon.
Oeogr, limits. — N. France, depart, of Drdme. E, Corsica, near Calvi. 8, Canary Isles. W. Madeira.
Series 10. Leiocalycincs,*
Calyx fructifer apice contractus. Calyx glaber vel brevissime scabrius-culus, vel rarius glanduloso-pubescens.
a. Calyx evenius. a. Calyx dentibns acutis.
232. S. CRETiCA, Linn., 8p, Plant, ed. I. p. 420; Dill, Hort. Eltham,, p. 423, t. 314, fig. 404; Uohrh., Motwgr., p. 167.
* The characters of this and the next series are modified in accordance with the suggestions of 0. M. Lindman (1891).
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126 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENB.
Adde syn, S. Dilleniana, Schott, in Deaf. Oat Hort. Paris, ed. III. p. 264 (vide Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 228, nti sp. dubia). Ex syn. S. tenniflora, Ou$8. (species propria).
In a few floras this species is described as haying nerves anastomosing on the caljx, but in all the authentic specimens I have examined, the ten simple prominent nerves have been quite free from anj secondary or con- necting stris : this is the more easy to demonstrate, since the surface of the calyx is quite glabrous.
This polymorphous species is generally distributed through almost the whole of the Mediterranean region, and from thence into the warmer parts of Central Europe : being sometimes introduced with flax, it has become naturalized elsewhere, as almost to appear indigenous.
233. SiLENB Ungeri, Fenzl, in linger, Beise in Griechenl., p. 136 (1862) ; Bohrb,, Monogr., p. 155, n. 145.
HsBC species pnlchra ex cl. Heldreichii observationibus et ex speciminibxLS fmctiferis, calyce fractifero apice contracto gaudet ideo non inter Seriem 8 — Atocia — sed jnxta 8, antirrhinam militat : vide Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift, 1878, p. 29. Ergo planta iterom hie descripta est.
Caulis erectns snpeme vel e basi panllnm ramosos, glaberri- mus supeme viscidus. Folia inferiora rosulata, obovato- spatbnlata, obtusissima, hirtello-pnbemla, ciliolata, snperiora lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta ; bracteee cum propbyllis parvaB acutee ciliatae. Pedunculi tenues calyce niulto longiores. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus, rubellus, basi afctenuatus, suburabili- catus, nervis saturatius rubellis prominentibus, dentibus ovatis, aouminatis, late albo-marginatis. Petala purpurea, unguibus exsertis, laming oblong^ integr^ vel vix emarginati, appeu- dicibus binis eloDgatis, lanceolatis. Capsula ovali-oblonga, carpopborum adquans. Semina tuberculata, dorso convexa, faciebus plauiuscula.
Syn. S. flBtolica, Heldr. in Atti, Gongr. Bot. Firenze (1874), p. 239. S. Rohrbacbiana, Aschers., mss. in PI. Schrad. e Corcyrd.
Hob. Greece.-^, and W. Corfiil j^ ^^^ j^^.^ j^j^^^^ S. Ithaca J
E. Near Mesolongbi, in Livadia.
234. S. GRAXDIPLORA, Franch., PI. Yunnan, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886) p. 427; PI. Belavay., t. 23.
Caulis elatus e basi ramosus, ramis gracilibus elongatis, tenuiter retrorsum pubescentibas, ultra medium foliatis. Folia
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 127
e basi brevissime attenuata yel subrotunda angasto lanceolata, longe acuminata, scabrida, margine ciliata; bractesB cum prophjUis paullum minores angustiores. Flores pauci, pedi- cellis, praasertim in flore primario, elongatis pubescentibus. Calyx clavato-tubulosus rubescens, pubescens, inferne angus- tatus et leviter umbilicatus, deiitibus ovatis. Petala intense rubra, unguibus exsertis, glabrls, in auriculas rotundatas erosas dilatatis, lamina obcordatd. bilobfl, lobis rotundatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata carpophorum eaquans.
A plant with yery Urge flowers, and in thia respect rather resembling a species of Eudianthe or Lyehnit ; but the ovary is trilocular at the base, and the dehiscent capsule has six teeth. The petals are nearly 30 mm. long, and 12 mm. across at the broadest part of the blade ; and the broadly aoricolate claws distinguish it from most of the annual species of the section Dichasiosilene. It may be here obsenred that the majority of the 17 species of Silene from Yon-nan, described by Mons. Franchet, should be excluded from the genus, as the capsules are not trilocular at the base.
Hah. Near Tali, in the plain of Ho-kin, in the prov. of Yun-nan, China.
p. Calyx dentibus obtusis. 235. SiLENE ANTiRRHiNA, Liun.y Sp. PUnt., ed. I. p. 419; DUl, Hort. Eltham., p. 422, t. 313, fig. 403; Eohrh., Monogr.. p. 168.
8yn. Saponaria dioica, Cham, et Schlecht. in LinnoBa, i. (1826) p. 38 (non Linn.). Saponaria Vaccaria, Mandon, PI. BoUv., n. 984 (non Linn.). Lusus 2. Tenuissima, Folia iinearia, iDfimis lineari-spat.hu- latis. Calyx subglobosas.
Syn. S. antirrhina var. gracilis, Gamb. in A. St. Hil. Fl. Brasil. Mer., ii. p. 118; Mart. Fl. Brasil, xiv. pars II. (1872) p. 291. S. antirrhina var. linaria. Wood, Class-Book, ed. 1861, p. 256 ; 8. Wats., Bihl. Index, p. 107 ; B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 132. Hah. Georgia and Florida, in the United States. Lusus 3. Tenuissima. Folia Iinearia vel lanceolato-iinearia. Rami floriferi divaricatim divergentes. Calyx ovoideus. Petala inclnsa.
Syn. S. antirrhina var. divaricata, B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Am^er. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 132.
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128 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Hah, Illinois, in the United States.
Qeogr. limits, — N, Canada ; Rocky Mountains.
8. S. Chili.
E. Brazil.
W. Vancouver's Island (Lyall, 1858, in Herb. Kew.).
236. SiLENE lj:vioata, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. FL Orcee., i. (1806) p. 295 ; Fl. Orcaca, v. p. 13, t. 418 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 168.
Emenda : Semina dorso trisnlcata, faciebus plana.
Cf. 8. BeJien, qui flores. Flores eis 8. Behen, pins dimidio minores, lamina minor et angnstior minus bifida, et uervi calycini venulis destituti.
Hab. Cyprus.
237. S. BoissiERi, /. Oay, ap, Coss.y Not. PI. Crit. Esp., ii. (1850) p. 32; Boiss., Voy. Bot Esp., ii. (1845) p. 93, t. 24 (S. ramosissima) ; Bohrb.., Monogr,, p. 169.
Bj an oyer-Btriot applicatioii of the law of priority, S. germaiuif which is reduced to this species, might stand as the name of the plant, since it is described on the preceding page, but there seems to be inacouraqj in details in the textual description of the authentic specimens, bj which its affinity with allied plants is obscured, so that to avoid possible confusion it is best and most conyenient to adopt Gaj's other plant as the type, as Bohrbach has done in his monograph, but without noting the discrepancy. Both plants are found on the same mountain.
Hab, Andalusia and Sicily ; but Todaro's record in Sicily is somewhat doubtful.
b. Calyx nervis anastomosantibns. a. Calyx dentibus acutis.
238. S. Almolj:, /. Oay, op, Coss,, Not. PI. Crit. Esp.y ii. (1850) p. 31 ; WiUK lo. Descr. PL Nov. Hisp., i. (1853) p. 48, t. 33 ; Eohrb., Monogr., p. 169.
Oeogr. area. Spain. — N. and E. New Castile ; near Aranjuez. 8. and W. Andalusia ; near Honda.
239. S. MusciPULA, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 420 ; Beichb., Ic. Fl. Oerm. Helv., n. 5077; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 170.
Forma angustipolia. — Rami patnli. Folia omnia angaste lineari-lanceolata caspidata.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS OX THE GENUS SILENE. 129
Syn. S. Mnscipula var. angnstifolia, Costa, Ampl. PL Catah, p. 32 (1873) ; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Ft. Hisp., iii. (1878) p. 663. S. arvensis, Lose, Trat. PI. Aragon, p. ?»1 (1876) ; Willk., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppL, p. 281 (1893).
ft. CORYMBIFERA, Bertol. (sp.), Fl, Italicn, iv. p. 591 ; Tanfani, in Pari. FL Italiana, ix. (1892) p. 406.
Pauciflora, ciliato-scabra ; dichasio corymboso-fastigiato. Oeogr. limits. — N. Liguria, in Italy.
E. Coast of Syria, near Sidon.
S. Algeria.
W. Portugal (ut S. stricta Link [non Linn.'\).
240. SiLENE Reinholdi, Heldr. in Atti Congr. Bot. Firenze, (1874) p. 239; et FL Cephaltm., p. 25 (1870).
Canlis erectus dichotomus. Folia glaueescentia, inferiora spathulata, ovato-oblonga, eiliata, apice rotandata, mucronato, superiora oblongo-lanceolata, floralia admodnm diminnta. Flores laxe cymoso-racemosi, alares, longiuscule pedancnlati, soperiores Recnndi, cernui, pedunculis fructiferis patentibns. Calyx oblongas, citd ovoideo-inflatus, basi attennatus, sed nnnqnam umbilicatns, apicem versas pnrparascens, valde attenuato- constrictas, dentibns brevibus scariosis. Petala biloba, intense rosea, appendicibas brevibus acatis. Capsula subglobosa bre- vissime stipitata, apice conico-attenuata. Semina 4-5-sulcata, ecbinato-tubei'culata.
Sytf. S. pseado-beben, Heldr. exs.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Kastri (Delpbi), in Livadia.
S. and E. Island of Lero, off the coast of
Anatolia. W. Ionian Islands ; Cepbalonia.
241. S. STRICTA, Linn., Cent. Plant., ii. p. 17 ; et Amoen. Acad., iv. p. 314 (1756) ; Willk., Ic. Descr. PL Nov. Hisp., i. (1853) p. 56, t. 40 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 171.
A S. Muscipuld differt, calycis dentibus elongatis, acutis- simis, ciliatis, nervis primariis horbaceo-alatis, petalis parvis exauricnlatis, capsulse seminumque forma. Geogr. limits. — N. and E. Sicily. 8. Morocco. W. Portugal (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur.).
[ilNN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. K
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L30 MR, F. X. WILLIAMS OX THE GENUS SILENE.
242. SiLENE TEXUiFLOBA, Gu8s., PL Bar., p. 177, t. 36 (1826) ; JDni., Eort. Eltham., p. 423, t. 314, fig. 404; Lindm. in Act, HorL Berg,,i. (1891) n. 6, p. 6, figg. 21-25; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 167 (sub S. cretic&).
Inferne pubernla, super ae viscidula. Caulis tenois in c} mam corymbosam stricte dichotomam dividens. Folia radicalia spatbulata, obtnsa, in petiolnm attenuata, saperiora cum bracteis angnste Hnearia, acuta. Flores in cymas regu lares dispositi, et mediani et laterales longe pedicellati. Calyx 14-16 mm. longus, clavato-cyiindraceus leviter umbilicatus snpeme atro-purpurascens, fructifer clavatuB infra medium leviter constrictus apice sensim contractus, nervis rnbris, dentibus ovato-triangularibus anguste albo-marginatis. Petala pur- purea, ungnibns exsertis, obovato-cuneata, obcordato-emarginata, appendicibas bipartitis, hajusque laciniis oblongis rotundato- obtusis, vel interdnm subacutis. Capsola ovata carpophorum duplo superans. Semina tubcrculata, dorso faciebusque planiuscula.
LindmoD, who has carefuUy studied the characters of the plant in the Jiving state, shares the opinion of Boissier (FL Orient., i. p. 585), that this i^pecies is quite distinct from S. cretica,
Geogr, limits. — N. Albano, near Rome, Lindman. S. Sicily, Gussone, E. Base of Mt. Pamassas, in Greece, Heldreich,
ex Boiss.y FL Orient., I.e. W. Andalusia, Beverchon (*'S. cretica**).
y3. Calyx dentibus obtusis.
243. S. Behen, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 418 ; Dill., Sort. Eliham., p. 427, t. 317, fig. 409; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 169.
Affinis S. Icpvigatce a qud, ceteris neglectis, jam calyce umbilicato nervis anastomosantibas difPert.
Geogr, limits. — N. Prov. of Caglian, in Sardinia.
S. and W. Canary Islands (S. ignobilis, Lowe). E. Palestine.
244. S. HoLZMANxr, Heldr. in Boise., FL Orient., suppL, p. 91 (1888) ; Nym., Consp, Fl. Eur., suppL, ii. p. 54.
Glaucescens, glabra. Caulis dichotomus, ramis crassiuscnlis. Folia lanceolata ntrinqne attenuata, obtusa, suprema lanceolato- linearia, acuta. Dichasii internodii brovissimi. Calyx oblongus rubelias, fructifer ovato-inflatus, dentibus ovatis. Petala
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MK. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 131
niinuta, biloha, ungaibns exsertis. Capsala ovata subsessilis. Semina seriatim echinulata, dorso plana, faciebus concava.
Valde affinis 8. Behen ; an ejus varietas salsuginosa ? Differt inflorescentill ob internodia abbreviata coarctatii, caule efc ramis crassis, calycibns basi attcnnatis, seminibus echinnlatis.
Hah, The rock of Arpedon, off the coast of Anatolia.
245. SiLENE LTNicoLA, C. C. Gmel, Fl. Bad^ns., iv. (1626) p. 304; Reichb., Ic. FL Germ. Helv., n. 5076; JR^hrb., Monogr., p. 171.
Adde : Calyx umbilicatus ; filamcnta glabra ; semina granu- late.
Geogr, limits. — N. and W. Luxemburg {Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur.y
suppl., ii. p. 54).
S, Campo Marzio, on the Austrian coa.st, in
the prov. of Goritz, near Trieste (Mar-
chesetti, ex Path, Fl, Italiana, ix,j). 410).
E. Prov. of Camiola.
Tenore's southern record in Sicily is erroneous, though it has been intro- duced into the island with flax, as into other localities.
246. S. CRASsiPEs, Fenzl, Pugill. Plant. Nov. Si/r., p. 8 (1842) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 172.
1^. ASSTRLACA, Haussk. et Bomm. exs. (sp.) in Bomm., It. PersicO'turciruvi, 1893, n. 975 (an species propria ?). Folia inferiora ovata. Petala emarginato-biloba.
As C. M. landman rightly points out, this species should not be referred to the series LaMiocal^cina, as the nerres of the calyx anastomose, and the plant otherwise differs very little from 8. linieola. For the same reason t •^. gonocalyx^ Boiss., should be a distinct species, instead of being joined with S. crasttpet, as Rohrbaeh has done.
Geogr. limits. — N. Mt. Nimroud-dagh, in prov. of Musch (Sintetiis, Iter Orientale, 1888). S. and W, Coast of Syria, near Sidon. E, Mt. Kuh-Sefin, in Kurdistan (var, ft).
Series 11. LasiocalydruB.
Calyx fructifer apice contractus. Calyx evenius, yalde costatus ; costeo pilis loDgis vel squamis distinctis vestitae.
a. Petala integra vel emarginata.
247. S. GONOCALYX, Boiss.y I>iagn. PI, Nov. Dr., Ser. I. viii. p. 38 ; Fl. Orient., i. p. 587, et suppl, p. 92.
K
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132 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS StLENE.
, Canlis ercctus e hasi divaricatim ramosus punctato-scabri- dnlns. Folia inferiora oblongo-spathnlata, superiora lanceolata, acuta, scabrida ; bractete lineares. Flores snbsessiles, alares, et ad ramos supremos breves 3-5-conferti. Calyx coriaceus, cylindricus, fructifer clavatus, infra capsulam conslrictus, dentibus rotundis, ovatis, late albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala rosea, obovato-oblonga, Integra, appendicibus binis acutis. Capsula ovata, carpophoro crasso duplo longior. Semina dorso lato obtuse cnnaliculata, faciebus auriformi-curvato-excavata.
Inflorescentia vel dichotoma cyraosa vel saepius e cymis con- tractiR ad ramos altemos terminalibus paniculatis constans.
Geogr, limits. — N. Ain-Tab, in prov. of Aleppo. S, Jerusalem.
248. SiLENE PTERONEURA, mthi ; Ball et Claroz (var.), in Joum. Linn. Hoc. (Bot.), xxi. (1886) p. 213.
Basi retrorsum puberula, supeme glabra viscida. Caules erecti furcati. Folia elongato-linearia, acuminata, ciliata; bractesB foliis conformes. Flores longissime pedicellati. Calyx viridis ovatus, fructifer ovoideus, costis herbaceis undulato- alatis, dentibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis. Petala camea, emar- ginata, appendicibus binis parvis. Capsula ovoidea subsessilis. Semina seriatim tuberculata, dorso faciebusque plana.
Od account of the distinctire character of the nerres of the calyx, it does not seem to belong to the same series as S. antirrhina.
Hah. Near Bahia Blanca, in tlie Argentine Republic.
b. Petala bifida vel bipartita.
249. S. PAPILL03A, Boiss., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 39 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 172.
Affinis S. crassipedif sed distinctissima nervorum dentiumque calycinorum structure, et laming bifida magis exsert4. Qeogr. limits, — N. Guzuldere, near Mersina, in Cilicia.
S. Nahr el Kelb, on the"^ (Peyron, ex Boiss., Syrian coast > Fl. Orient., suppL,
E. Gadir, in the Lebanon J p. 92). W. S. coast of Anatolia.
250. S. ECHiNATA, Otthy in DC. Prodr., i. p. 380; Bohrh.y Monogr., p. 172.
Calycis indumento accedit ad S. trinerviam^ quae tamen primo aspectu inflorescentia difFert. S. papillosa calyce breviore,
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MR. F. X. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 133
fmctifero infra capsulam carpophorum ter superantem con- stricto facile distinguitur. Hab. Italy
251. SiLENE SQUAMiGERA, Boiss., Diogu, PL Nov, Or., Ser. I. i. p. 38; Jauh. et Spach, Elustr. Plant. Or., i. p. 8, t. 4 (S. echinata) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 173.
Differt a 8. echinatd calycis nervis a squamis nee pilis obsitis, petalis albis, seminum form4.
ft. ANTIOCHICA, Freyn (sp.), tw Bull. Herb. J5ow.,iii. (1895) p. 7S. Caules dicbotomi, ramis rigidis. Calyx cylindricus pnr- purescens. Petala camea.
Geogr. limits. — N. Mt. Sipuli, in Anatolia. E. Prov. of Marascb. S. Elmalu, in Anatolia. W. Nome of -<Etolia, in Livadia.
252. S. VBSICULIFBRA, /. Gaij, ap. Boisa., FL Orient., i. p. 586 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 173.
Valde affinis priori, a qu4 tamen calycis formd, dentibus elongatis, squamamm natnr^, petalis angnstioribus et capsule globosA satis differt.
Hab. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia.
Sectio III. BOTRYOSILBNE.
Herbie perennes suffmticesve. Flore s in racemo simplici vel composito breviter vel longe pedicellati: racemi ramis aut brevibus paucifloris, aut elongatis iterum racemosis vel cyrauliferis vel, omnibus cymamm intemodiis abbreviatis, verticillastriferis, interdum axis primariaB intra inflorescentiam intemodiis contractis flores capitulum formantes; raro abortu caulis tri-vel uniflorus.
A. Calyx glaberrimus coiiaceus, cylindrico-vel conico-clavatus, Effipe basi annulo circulari pseudoumbilicatus.
Series 1. Sclerocalyeinas. a. Pedicelli ima basi bibracteolati.
253. S. Friwaldzktana, Hampe, in Flora, xx. (1837) p. 226; liohrb., Monogr., p. 175.
Ab 8. colorata, Poir., is now sunk in S. $ericea, by the strict application of the law of priority Hampe's name (1837) would yield to 8. colorata,
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134 MU. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Friw. (1835) ; but Friwaldzlcy hiraself , knowing afterwards of 5. colorafa^ Vo'iT.j in a letter to Grisebach (1839) changed the name of his plant to *S. tivctOf not, however, before Harape had published a description of the same plant under the name by which it is at present known.
Giogr. limits, — N, and W. Carlova, in Bulgaria. 1 Velenovsky E, Varna, in Bulgaria. J (1885).
S. Mt. Ebodope, in Turkey.
b. Pedicclli medium versus vel infra calyeem bibracteolati.
a. Filamenta glabra.
t Flores erecti.
(1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel mucronatis.
254. SiLENE BUPLEUROiDES, Liwi., Sp, Flant^ ed. I. p. 421 ; Toumef.f Ooroll. Voy., p. 380, t. 154 (Lychnis oiientalis bupleurifolia) ; Rohrh.^ Monogr,, p. 175.
Species ab auctoribus fere omnibus cum S. longiflord com- mutata, a qnk calycis dimidio brevioris dentibus omnibus acutiei facile diatingui potest; 8, caramani^^a autem jam pruinosa. et calyce multo longiore punctate differt.
Hab, Armenia.
255 S. AVROMANA, Boiss. et Hatissk, in Boiss,^ FL Orient.^ suppl., p. 105.
Csespitosa, glabra, glauca. Caules erecti, infeme parce foliosi, viscidi. FoHa radicalia ssepe elevatim punctata, oblonga, obtusa, mncronulata, in petiolum longe attenuata, margine scabridula, superiora viscid a la, anguste linearia, longe subulata. Flores magni approximati, pedunculo alarium calyeem ssBpe (equante, lateralium breviore. Calyx tubulosus, sensim dilatatus, umbilicatus, fructifer clavatus, evenitis, dentibus triangulari- lanceolatis, acutis. Petala fuscescentia, biloba, appendicibus binis ovatis. Capsula oblonga carpophorum aequans.
Quamvis f oliis, inflorescentill, habitu 8. Sieberi et 8. eremificcB similis, tamen ob calyce :n e venium coriaceum acute dentatum fructiferum sub capsuld. non abrupte constrictum militat, folii parvis brevibus obtusis, ab omnibus affinibns distincta.
Hab. Mt. Avroman.
256. S. CARAMAKICA, Boiss., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 90 ; Co88., niuatr. FL AtlarU., fasc. iv. (1890) t. 95 : Bohrh., Monogr., p. 1 76.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 135
Adde : Nervi calycini sparse f urcati vix conjuncti.
ft. SOLENOCALTX, Boiss., Biagu. PL Nov, Or., Ser. 11. v. p. 57 (S. bnpleuroides var. solenocalyx) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 17G. Folia linearia graminea, vix scabrida ; calyx rabro-venias.
Geogr. limits, — Turkey in Asia.
N. Near Erzeroum, in Armenia. S. and W. Between Ermenek and Karaman,
in Cilicia. E. Mt. Bingol-Dagb, in prov. of Musch.
257. SiLENE RouYAXA, Battand. in Bull. Soc. Bot, France y xxxv. (1888) p. 385; Goss., Illustr. FL Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 147, t. 95.
CsBspitosa, glabra, glaaea. Caulcs basi snffrutescentes erecti, saperne viscidi. Folia radicalia lineari-lanceolata, vel anguste oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolam infeme squamiformi- dilatatum attenuata, media seepius angustiora, snperiora lineari- subnlaba, rigidula, saepius pnngentia, plus minus membranaceo- marginata, margine membranaceo tenuissime denticnlato. Fiores solitarii, caulem et ramos laterales quando adsunt terminantes. Calyx 22-30 mm. longus, tubuloso-infundibuli- formis, annulo circulari pseudoumbilicatas, fructifer superne cylindraceo-dilatatns, infra capsnlam angustior, nervis anas- tomosantibas saape rubellis, dentibus insequilongis, ovato- triangularibus, mncronatis, membranaceo-marginatis, brevissime ciliatis. Petala bifida, intus albida, extus tigrino-purpurea, lobis oblongo-linearibus obtnsis, appendicibus binis ovato- lanceolatis, acutis, inferue convexo-gibbosis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula cylindrica, apice conica, carpophoro duplo longior. Semina reniformia, compressa, dorso granulato canalicnlata, faciebus plana.
S. caramanica difEert, ceteris neglectis, calyce punctis elevatis tuberculato, petalorum laminis linearibas angustioribos, appendicibus apice fimbriatis vel serrato-erosulis, et stipite capsules subeequilongo non subdnplo breviore.
Hah, Algeria ; Mt. Mzi, in prov. Oran.
258. S. MACROSOLEN, Steud. in Schimp., PL Ahyssin.^ ii. n. G61 ; ex A. Rich., Tent. FL Ahysnn., i. p. 44 (1847) ; Rohrb.^ Monogr., p. 176.
Hab, Abyssinia.
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136 MR. F. X. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
259. SiLENE TENUiCAULis, Freyti et Bornm. (ined.) in PI. Exs. Anatolice Orient., n. 1314 (anno 1889).
Glanca, glabra, ccespitosa. Caules adscendenti-erecti sen erecfci, seape turiones foliosos edentes, graciliter tennes, simplices. Folia inferiora angaste lineai^ManceoIata, acumi- nata, in petiolum longissimnm attenuata, snperiora elongato- linearia, longins acaminata, basi membranaceo-vaginantia, omnia nninervia, glabra ; bracteee e basi ovat^ caudato- acuminat^, semi-herbaceaa. Flores in racemis simplicibus, breviers pedicellati. Caljx longe clavato-cylindricus, annulo circulari pseadoumbilicatos, fmctifer infra capsalam admodnm attenuatus, evenius. Petala albida (?) siccitate fuscescentia, biloba. Capsala oblonga carpopborum fere saquans. Semina tubercalata parva, dorso canaliculata, faciebus plana.
Described from specimens preserved in Herb. Kew. The name is derived from the slender flowering stems. S. avromatia, S. Farrowianay and S. tenuicauliM are distinguished from the other four species of the group in the caljx being without anastomosing nerves : though in S. caramanica the bifurcations of the primary nerves arc very faint and scarcely, to be made out.
Hah. Pine-forests on Mt. Ak-dagh.
260. S. MEGALOCALYX, Freyn, in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (1895) p. 82.
Glauca, glabra, caespitosa, viscida, 60 centim. alt. Canles diohotomi, ramis unifloris. Folia inferiora spathulato-lanceo- lata, apicalata, in petiolum longnm sensim angustata, vagina pallida snbciliatd, caulina lanceolata sensim diminnta. Flores in anthel4 dispositi, maximi, longe pednncnlati Calyx cylindricus, fmctifer valde clavatus, evenius, dentibns acutis triangnlaribus. Petaia bifida, lobis obovato-oblongis, appen- dicibus binis linearibns. Capsnla ellipsoidea carpopborum fere aequans. Semina magna, dorso tnberculato-mgnlosa canalicu- lata, faciebus compressa.
Hah. Turkish Armenia; Mt. Kyl-Magbara-dagh, near Egin, in prov. of Siwas (Sintenis, exsicc. n. 2895).
261. S. PARROWIANA, Boiss. et Haussk, in Boiss., Fl. Orient.^ suppl., p. 97.
Glauca, glabra, 30 centim. alt. Caaies simplices foliati. Folia camosula, acuta, vel acumiuata inferiora oblonga in petiolum longum attenuata, superiora linearia dimtnuta;
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MR. k\ N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 137
bractece brevissimsB lineari-subulatce. CjmuleB oppositee pedan- culatae racemum oblongum formantes ; flores parvi, pedicsellis caljce brevioribus. Calyx obconico-tnrhinatas, subcostatus, dentibus ovatis, late membranaceo - marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala virentia, bipartita, lobis linearibus, ungaibus ciliatis, apice dilatatis. Capsula carpophore malfcoties longior.
Ab omnibas affinlbas, cito distingoitur capsula snbsessili.
Hah, Mt. Lolan and Mt. Parrow, in W. Persia, near Kermanschah.
(2) Calyx dentibus alternatim obtusis et acutis, albo- marginatts ciliatis.
a. Folia glabra.
262. SiLENE CHLOR^FOLiA, 8m,, Ic, Ined., i. p. 14, t. 13 (1789) ; Bot. Mag,, t, 807; Bohrh,, Monugr., p. 177.
Adde ayn, S. perfoliata, Otth, in DC, Prodr,, i. p. 384.
p, SWERTLEFOLIA, Boiss, (sp.), Biagii, PL Nov, Or,, Ser. T. i. p. 32.
7. MAKMELIANA, Boiss, (sp.), Z.c, viii. p. 89.
c. ScHiMPERiANA, Boiss, (sp.), Z.C., i. p. 31. Oeogr, limits. — N, Prov. of Trans-Caucasia {Uapr., Fi. CaiLcasi, p. 196). S. Mt. Sinai (Schimper, nos. 422, 283,
" S. dianthoides," non Pers,), E, Mt. Demawend, in prov. of Mazandei-an, N. Persia (t?ar. /3, vide Aacher-Eloy, no. 4215). W. Anatolia.
263. S. LONGIPLORA, Ehrh,, Beitr,, \ii, p. 144; Beichb,, Ic. Fl. Qerm, Helv., n. 5107; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 178.
Ex syn, S. staticefolia est species propria.
Oeogr. limits, — N, and W. At the base of the Radobil, near
Leitmeritz, in Bohemia ((7. A, Mayer,
and vide Qarcke, FL BeutschL [ed.
1885], p. 65).
8, Near Bethlehem, in Judeea (Pichler [1889],
ex Bull, Herb. Boiss., iii. [1895] p. 82). E. Mt. Demawend, in prov. of MazanderaD, N. Persia (forma alpina).
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138 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
264. SiLENE 8TATICIF0LIA, Sibth, et Sm., Fl. GrofC. Frodr., i. (1806) p. 301 ; Fl GrcBca, v. p. 24, t. 434.
Cffispitx)sa, ^lauca, glabra, foliosa, pauciflora, viscida. Caulis adscendenti-erectas simplex, apice racemosns, nodoso-iucnw?- satus. Folia acuta, plana, integerrima, uninervia, radicalia, angaste lanceolate vel spathulata, in petiolnm longuni attennata, canlina abbreviata, erecto-adpressa, vix petiolata ; bracteaB binae ovatee, acuminatce, medium versus pedunculorum. Flores 3-5, majnsculi, remoti. Calyx 18-20 mm. longuF, clavatns, pallidus, nervis rubicundis anastomosantibus. Petala supra nivua, subtus ferruginea, uuguibus superne dilatatis, bipartita, lobis obovatis incurvis obtusis appendicibus bifid is obtusis. Capsula ovata carpophoro duplo brevior.
E. Boissier banc e montibns Korax Aetoliad et (Eta Phtliio- tidis, ab Heldreich lectam vidit (non e Peloponneso cognitam) ; secus Haussknccbt, qui earn in Pindo Tympheea 1885 legit, a S, longtflora valde diversa est.
Syn. S. longiflora, var. statieifolia, Boiss., FL Onent., suppl., p. 103.
Hab. N. Greece.
265. S. cj:sarea, Boies, et Bah, Diagn, PI, Nov. Or,, Ser. II. vi. p. 31 ; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 179.
Hah. Elmaln, in Anatolia, and Mt. Ali-dagh, in prov. of Siwas.
266. S. LAXA, Boiss, et Kotschj in Boiss., FL Orient., i, p. 638 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 179.
Prsecedenti affinis, differt foliis superioribus subcordatis, snmmis ad basin panicnlae vix diminutis, paniculao laxioris ramis elongatis.
Hab. Near Goschkar, at the base of Mt. Bingol-dagb, in Turkish Armenia.
267. S. PKDUNCULAEis, Boiss., Diagn. FL Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 30 ; Delponte in Mem. Accad. Torino, Ser. II. xxvi. (1871) t. 3; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 180.
Forma macrocalyx, Boiss., FL Orient., snppL, p. 105. Calyx elougatus, 18 mm. longns. Hab. Mt. Sawers, in W. Persia.
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Geogr. limits. — N. Near Alliar, in disfcrict of Karabagb, Trans- Caucasia. S, and W. Mt. Hermon, in Syria. £, Mt. Elburz, in N. Persia.
268. SiLENE ARMENA, Boiss., Bxogn, PL Nov. Or., Ser. 1. p. 29 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 180.
ft. SCABRIDULA, Boiss. (sp.), Fl. Orient., i. p. 643. Prainoso-scabridula, canescens, supeme glabra, viscidula. Caules sflBpias simplices. Folia inferiora lineari-lanceolata. Calyx albidns tenniter cylindricns, dentibus lanceolatis. Geogr. limits. — N. Mountains of Trebizond. E. Prov. of Erzeroum. S. and W. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia.
ft. Folia serrulato-scabra.
269. S. SERRULATA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 643 ; Eohrh., Moriogr., p. 180.
Hab. Anatolia ; hills near Elmalu.
(3) Calyx dentibus omnibus ovatis obtusis albo-marginatis
ciliatis.
270. S. Balansj:, Boiss., Diagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. II. vi. p. 31 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 181.
Hab. Mt. Aslan-dagh and Mt. Masmeneu-dagh, in Cappa- docia.
tt Flores cemui.
(1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel obtusis.
271. S. STRUTHiOLOiDES, A. Gray, Bot, U.S. Expl. Exped., i. p. 109, t. 10; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 181.
A upecies remarkable for its iiquarrose habit ; a character not noted in the description.
HaK Sandwich Islands.
272. S. Manissadjiani, Frey^i, in Bull Herb. Boiss., iii. (1895) p. 83..
Glaucescens, praeter basin tomentellam glabra, supeme viscida, suSrutescens. Caules 30-60 centim., diffuse paniculati, ramis 1-3-floris, fragilibus tenuissimis bracteatis. Folia glabra, plana, unineryia, acuta, inferiora lanceolato-spathulata, in petiolum sequilongum basi dilatatum sensim angustata, margine seirulato- scabra, caulina lanceolata, subsessilia ; bracte» lanceolato
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140 MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILEXE.
lineares, parvae. Flores parvi, pedicellis divaricatis. Calyx 10 mm. longas, nervis snperne anastomosantibns, dentibns ovatis obfcusis membranaceo-marginatis ciliolatis. Petala flavo- virescentia, ecoronata, bifida, lobis linearibus. Capsnla cllipsoidea carpophore pubescenfce tripio longior.
Hab, On pastures of Mt. Ak-das^h, near Amasia, in prov. of Si was, Asia Minor (Sept., 1892), where also is found S. xylohasls.
(2) Calyx dentibns altematim acutis et obtusis albo- marginatis.
273. SiLENE LiBANOTiCA, Boiss., Diagn. PI, Nov, Or,y Ser. I. viii. p. 89; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 181.
Oeogr. limits, — N. Mt. Lebanon, in Syria. S. Hebron, in Judaea.
ft, Filamenta ciliata. t Flores erecti. 274 S. RADICOSA, Boiss, et Heldr.y Diagn, PL Nor, (^., Ser. I. vi. p. 24 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 182.
Species foliis dense ciliatis et calyce coriaceo sulcato notabilis. Ex syn. S. oligantha est species propria.
S. radicosa var, brevi flora = S. oligantha.
HauMknecht sajs that the yery different form of the leaves, the nodiiing flowers, the short broad calyx-teeth, and the shorter calyx and capsule, should serve to distinguish easily 8, oligantha from this plant.
Hah, Greece.
275. S. TUNicoiDES, Boiss.y Diagn, PI, Not: Or,^ Ser. I. i. p. 34 ; Rohrb,, Monogr.y p. 182.
TuniccB sp. videtur, sed nervi calycini commissurales et styli 3 adsunt.
Hah, Marmoritza, in Anatolia.
tt Flores cemui.
276. S. OLIGANTHA, Botss, et Eeldr,, Diagn, PI, Nov, Or.y Ser. II. i. p. 75 (1854).
Canles c8Bspitosi,nnmero8i, ad8cendente8,parce foliosi, ramnlis secns partem superiorem caulis oppositis, remotis, altero abortivo brevibuB strictis nnifloris rarius 2-3-flori8, inferne hirtulo- pubescentes, sapeme glabri. Folia inferiora oboyata, spathulata, obtusa, brevios macronata, in petiolnm longnm ciliatnm
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attenuaia, cauliua pauca, linearia; bractesB lineari-ldnceolataB, acuiao, albo-marginatsB, ciliatse. Flores pauci, long! as pedicellati. Calyx 8 mm. loDgus, obconico-pyriformis, fructifer breviter clayatns, leviter nmbilicatus, evenius, nervis costatis, dentibus ovato-tnangularibus, acutis, rectis, albo-raarginatis, ciliatis. Petala flavida, unguibua glabiis, bipartita, lobis linearibus, appendicibus bipartitis, laciniis ovato-triangularibus. Capsula ovata, carpophorum bis suporans. Semina dorso tnbercalato canaliculata, faciebus plana.
Syn. S. radicosa var. breviflora, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 645.
Forma scbuniflora, mihi : Baldacci, It, Albanicum (1892), n. 112 ; et in Malpighia (1894), p. 85.
Karat uniflori.
Hab, Mt. Kiore [Monies Ceraunii], in Albania.
Forma sxENOPnYLLA, mihi.
Folia angnstata, lineari-spathulata, lineariave.
Syn. S. oligantha var. stenophylla, Boiss. et Heldr>, Diagn. PL Nov. Or., Ser. II. i. p. 75.
Hab. Mt. Parnassus, near Delphi ; and Mt. Malevo, in tlie nomo of Laconia.
Haee species est affiiiis S. radicosoB, qu89 difPert foliis radicali- bus angnstioribns, longios mucronatis, floribus erectis, caljce flonfei*o campanulato-cjliodrico, 12 mm. longo, in dentes patenti-recurvos abennti.
Geogr. area. — Greece.
B. Calyx membranaceus, rarissime coriaceus simnlque pubescens, basi truncatas vel umbilicatns.
a. Flores in racemis simplicibus, axis primaricB internodiis nunquam abbreTiatis, i*acemi ramis brevibus oppositis interdum altero abortivo alternis, omnibas uniflons vel interdum inferi- oribus 3-7-flori8, superioribus tantum unifloris.
Series 2. Chloranthce.
Pedicelli im4 basi binis prophyllit) pr»diti. Petala bipartita' raro retasa.
A. Petala bipartita vel bifida.
a. Capsula carpophorum 2-4-plo superans : calyx glaberrimus,
raro glanduloso-pubescens. 277. SiLENE CHLORANTHA^ Ehrh.y Beitr., vii. p. 145 ; Dill., Hort. EUham., p. 425, t. 316, ^g. 408 ; Bohrh., Monc^r., p. 184.
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142 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Geogr. limits. — TT. Prov. of Pomerania, in Prussia. 8. The Crimea.
N. Prov. of Livonia, in Russia. E. Between the rivers Jaik and Irtjsch, in Siberia.
278. SiLENB TATARICA, Pers., Syn. Plant,, i. p. 497; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Oerm. Helv., n. 5100 ; Rohrb,, Monogr., p. 184.
A beato Regel, S. foliosa et S. macrostyla, Maxim, cum 8» tatarica conjanf^untur. Differt autem utraque calycibus multo minorihus 5-7 mm. longis (in 8. tatarica 9-12 mm.), eub anthesi clavato-campanulatis, nee clavato-tubulosis, striis caljcinis superno arcuatim conjunctis, neque eveniis, calyce f ructifero ampliato, neque oblongo, capsula ovato-oblonga, neque oblonga, bracteis ac prophyllis herbaceis, margins ciliato tautummodo scariosis, in ;Si. tatarica totis scariosis. Geogr. limits. — N. and E. Siberia.
8. On the banks of R. Terek, in prov. of Cis-
Caucasia. W. Banks of the Oder, near Frankfort, in the prov. of Brandenburg, Prussia (ex Nym.^ Gonnp. FL Eur., suppL, ii. p. 53 ; et Garcke, Fl. Deutschl, ed. 1885, p. 64).
279. S. FOLI08A, Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur., p. 53 (1859) ; Rohrb., Mmiogr., p. 185.
a. TYPiCA, Rohrb. in Linncea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 683.
Inflorescentia viscida. Petala, unguibus superne dilatatis, longe exsertis, profande bipartita, lobis linearibus, appendieibus minutis vel nuUis.
/J. MACROSTYLA, Maxlm. (sp.). Prim. Fl. Amur., p. 54; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 185, et in Linncea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 684.
Inflorescentia glabrescens, raro pubemla. Petala, unguibus non dilatatis longe exsertis, lineari-oblonga ad medium bifida, ecoronata.
7. MONGOLICA, Maxim., Enum. PL Mongol., p. 91 (1889).
Elatior, non viscida. Folia linearia. Calyx dentibus subob- tusis. Petala, unguibus nou dilatatis, parum exsertis, cuneata ad medium bifida, appendicibus minutis.
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MU. F. X. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 143
Geogr. limits. — N. R. Amur, on the borders of Siberia and Mandschnria. S. and E. Japan; island of Tesso (far. a). TT. Mongolia (yar, 7).
2S0. Selene tenuis, Willd,^ Enum, Hort, BeroL, p. 474; Ledeb., PL Fl. Eossicoe, t. 160 ; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 186.
Variat caulis altitudine : eo elongato polyphyllo vel abbreviato oligopbyllo, glabro vel plus minus viscido, raceroo simplici raro basi ramoso, interdum, in formis humilibus grandiflons, in flores 1-2 reducto ; — foliis latioribus et angustioribus, glabns, et basi tantum ciliatis, vel cum caulibus dense pube- rulis ; — floribus erectis vel nutantibas, majoribus et minoribus. His omnibus cbaracteribus minime constantibus ad varietates distinguendas uti nobis probabiie non esse videfur, nam, ut boo raodo formse valde affines secernantur, ex beato Regel conspectu quisque intelligere potest.
1. Ungues petalorum ciltati. Variat floribus majoribus et minoribus.
2. Ungues petalorum glabri. Variat floribus majoribus et minoribus, erectis et nutantibus : caulibus glabris et viscosis.
a. DASYPHYLLA : Caules erecti cum foliis lineari-setaoeis dense puberuli, simplices raro basi subramosi.
6. jenissea : Caulis glabri sive viscosi, folia glabra basi tantum ciliata ; petala lobis oblongis obtusis.
c. PAUCIFOLIA: Caules glabri bundles 1-2-flori, flores per- magni ; petala lobis magnis obovatis.
Geogr. limits. — N. Shores of the Arctic Ocean, N. Siberia. S. N. W. India.
E. Stanowoi Mountains, E. Siberia. W. Territory of the Samojedes, N.W. Siberia.
281. S. DouGLAsii, Hook., Fl. Bar. Amer., i. (1833) p. 88; B. L. Bohinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 144; Rohrh.f Monogr., p. 80.
Puberula vix glanduloso-viscida. Caules tenues, basi decum bentes, geniculati, dein ascendentes, simplices, remote foliati. Folia linearia vel anguste lanceolato-linearia, apice basiquo attenuata ; bracteae parvas, acutee. Flores in racemo paucifloro
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T44r MK. F. X. WILLIAMS ON THE GENCS SILENE.
JoDge pedicellati. Calyx obloDgns, fructifer infra capsulam attennatus vix constrictus, baud umbilicatus, striis viridibus supeme conjunctis, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, albo- marginatis, ciliatis, inflexis. Petala alba vel carnea, unguibus glabris, utriDque dente acuto auriculatis, paullum exsertip, bifida, lobis obtusis, appendicibus binis oblongis, obtusis. Capsnla oblongo-cylindrica, supemo attenuata, carpophorum ter superans. Seraina dorso canaliculata, faciebns plana. Syn. Cucubalus Donglaaii, Eaton, Man., ed. VII. p. 266.
In tliis revision of the genus, S. Douglasii is excluded from the subgenus Qa$tro9xlene, in which it is placed by Rolirbach, for reasons which are giren at length in the introduction. Examination of authentic specimens by different botanists requires that Robrbach's description should be con- siderably amended. It is here described again, therefore, in its proper place in the genus. It is a common and polymorphous species in the United States, and the following varieties all of them tend to intergrade with the type, and are separated from it and from each other by no constant or important floral character. S, mullicaulis, Maeoun (non Guss. nee Nutt.), has also been reduced to this species, but is best considered as distinct, and is so described as the next species, S. Macounii.
p. MULTICAULIS, Nutt, (sp.) in Torr. et Gray, FL, i. p. 192 ; B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 144.
Griseo-tomentella. Caules rigidiores, magis foliati. FoKa anguste lanceolata vel oblonga acuminata.
Syn. S. Drummondi var., Torr. et Gray, FL, i. p. 675.
Hab. States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana.
7. MACROCALYX, B. L. liobinson, in Froc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 145. Pubemla vel subglabra. Calyx cylindricus, 15 mm. longus. Hab. States of Washington and Nevada.
c. visciDA, B. L, Hobiuson, in Froc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 145.
Glanduloso-viscida, preesertim in parte snperiore. Caules erect i, rigidi, e basi ramosa simplices. Folia magis camosula. Calyx late oblongus vel fere campannlatus, brevis.
Hab. State of Washington, and Kicking Horse Pass in British Columbia.
€. BRACHTCALYX, B. L, Robinsov, in Froc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 145.
Puberula, non viscida. Folia anguste oblanceolata. Calyx rampanulatns, brevis, latus.
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 14f5
Hah. State of Oregon,
Oeogr, limits, — N, Kicking Horse Pass, in the Rocky Mtns., British Columbia (var, ^). 8. Wahsatch Mtns., in Utah (var, a). E, Montana ( Canhy, var. /3). TT. Oregon, on Sauvie's Island (Howell, 1880, var. e).
282. SiLENE Macounii, 8. Wats, in Proe. Amer. Acad., xxvi. (1891) p. 124; B. L. EoUnson, I.e., xxviii. (1893) p. 145 (S. Donglasii, var. Macounii).
Gaulis gracilis, adscendens, ramosns, puberolos, snpeme glanduloso-yiscidus, 30 centim. longns, sparse foliatns. Folia lineari-oblanceolata, apice basique attenuata. Flores pauci, breviter pedicellati. Galyx-oblongo-campanulatus 9 mm. longus, dentibns triangalaribns, obtosis, reticulate- venosis, purpureo- marginatis. Petala bifida, unguibus late auriculatis vix exsertis, lamin4flabelliformi, appendicibus quadratis sabintegris* Capsula oblongo-ovata, carpophorum ter superans.
8. monanthcB yalde similis, sed calyx florifer baud inflatus.
8yn. S. multicaulis, Macouv, Cat. Canad. PI., p. 494 (1883-1888).
Geogr. limits. — N. British Columbia, Selkirk Range. E. British Columbia, Rocky Mtns. 8. and W. State of Washington.
283. S. LYCHNiDEA, G. A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Gauc, p. 213 (1831) ; Eohrh., Monogr., p. 213.
Geogr. limits. — E. E. Caucasus (Buprecht, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 106). W. W. Caucasus.
284. S. Reichenbachii, Vis.,Fl.Dahnatica,iii.p. 169; Eohrh., Monogr., p. 188.
/3. UMBEOSA, Vandas, in 8itzungsh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. (1890) p. 254.
Robustior, circa 50-60 centim. alta; foliis rosularibus et radicalibus latins lanceolatis, cum intemodiis caulis inferioribus dense retrorsum puberulis.
Hob. In thickets on the slopes of Mt. VeleS Planina, above Potoci Han, in Herzegovina.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANT, VOL. XXXII. L
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146 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Geogr, limits,— N, and TT. Mfc. Velebifcz, in Croatia, near Ostaria {Borh&s^ ex Nym., Consp. FL Eur,, suppL, ii. p. 53). 8. Mfc. Orien, near Gafctaro, in Herzegovina. E, Herz^^vina (var, fi),
b. GapsDla carpophornm aBqnans. 285. SiLENB LiNiFOLiA, Sibth, et Sm,^ Prodr, Fl. OrmCj i, (1806) p. 301; Fl. Ormca, v. p. 33, t. 433; Bohrb,, Monogr., p. 188.
fi, UMBBOSA, mihi.
Canles flaccidiores, foliis hate viridibus, longioribns latiori- bnsqne. Calyx 17 mm. longos, nee 13 mm.
8yn, S. Ceccariniana, Baiss, et Heldr,, MSS.
S. linifolia, var, Ceccariniana, HauMsk, in MittheU, ThuHng, Bot, Ver,, Heft v. (1893) p. 50.
Eab, S. Albania (Bcddacci, It. Albanicum [1892], n. 54; et in Mulpighia [1894], p. 85) ; above Kalabaka, on Mfc. Mefceora (Hattssknecht) ; Mfc. Parnassus ; near Livadia ; and (var, p) near Phersala, in Thessaly.
186. S. GENiSTiFOLiA, Haldcsy, in Oesterr. Bot, Zeitschr,^ xlii. (1892) p. 368.
Canles ramosi, elati, infeme scabridnli, snpeme viscidi. Folia radicalia sub anfchesi emarcida, caulina lanceolata vel lineari- lanceolafca, acufca, glabra, margine serrulato-scabra ; bracfceaB lineares. Flores longiuscule pedicellati, virginei subcemui. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus glaber, frncfcifer clavafcus, nervis rubellis, denfcibus acufcis, albo-marginafcis, ciliolatis. Petala livida, bipartifca, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis, parvis, lanceolafcis. Capsula ovafca, carpophore subbrevior.
Characters verified from speoinions in Herb. Sew.
Hah, Bumelia ; Mfc. Afchos, befcween Krio-nero and Sfcradi- chori.
287. S. TURGIDA, Bieb. ap. Bunge, Enum, Altaic., p. 23 (1835) ; Ledeb.y PI, FL Bossicce, t. 138 (S. graminifolia) ; Bohrb,, Monogr,, p. 79.
No specimens in Herb. Kew, or Herb. Mus. Brit.
Hab, Alfca'i Mounfcains. (Schrenk*s specimens from N.-W. Siberia monfciuned by Ledebour, are to be referred to 8, tenuis.)
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILEXE. 147
B. Petala retusa.
288. SiLENB 8CAP0SA, B. L. Bohiruon^ in Proe. Amer. Acad.y. Mviii. (1893) p. 146.
Canles simplices, elati, 35 centim. longi, infeme scabriduli, supemo Tiscidi, erecti. Folia glauca crassiuscola, radicalia oblauceolata, acuta, trinervia, caulina panca, redueta, bractese^ foliis canlinis subconformes. Flores erecti. Calyx ellipticus,. eyenius, nervis viridibas. Petala albida, ungnibus anricnlatis yix exsertis, appendicibns binis parvis, obtusis.
Hah. United States ; Oregon.
Series 3. SuffruHcosce,
Pedicelli mediam versus sen apice binis prophyllis prsdditi. Petala integra, bipartita vel rarias laoiniato-qnadripartita.
A. Petala integra vel bipartita. a. Capsnla carpophore snperata.
289. S. NODULOSA, Boisa.y Diayn. PL Nov, Or,^ Ser. I. i. p. 31 ; Rohrh., Monogr.j p. 189.
Oeogr, limits, — Persia.
JV^. Mt. Elamont, in N. Persia. fif. Mt. Kah-Eschker, in prov. Fars (Hauss- hnecht, ex Boiss., FL Orient , suppL, p. 98). E. Schiraz, in prov. Fars. W, Mt. Knh-Daena, in prov. Fars.
290. S. GONiocAULA, Boiss., Diogn, PI Nov. Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 31 Bohrh.y Monogr,y p. 189.
Priori valde affinis, sed caulis pecnliaritate ab hie et ceteris diyersa.
Hab, Persia ; Mt. Elwend, in prov. of Irak- Adjemi.
b. Capsnla carpophomm sdqnans, rarissime eo sesqnilongior.
a. Calyx coriaceus, petala nngnibns glabris.
t Petala bipartita, nngnibns anricnlatis.
291. S. ERIOCALYCINA, Botss., Diogn, PL Nov. Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 28 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 190.
fi. LINEARIS, Fenzl, in Kotschy PL exs, n. 489, 6» Boi$$,, Fl. Orient, i. p. 615 (emend.).
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I4f8 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Tomentello-canescens, fere argyrea. Folia inferiora lineari- lanceolata, snperiora linearia. Calyx crispule hirsutos, brevior, clavato - pyriformis, fmctifer amplius pyriforinis, elevatirn obtuse costatns inter costas viridis, insigniter salcatns.
Hah. Prov. of Bagdad, and S. Persia.
292. SiLENB CASPICA, Per*., 8yn, PZ., i. p. 497 (1805) ; Bet'chb,, Ic. PI CrU., 263 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 190.
Adde syn. S. fruticulosa, Bieb. Tabl.y n. 17, ex DC. Prodr., i. p. 381.
This plant is frequently cited as S. suffrutescens Bieb., e.g., by Ledeboar (Fl. Bossica) and Boissier {Fl. Orient.), though that name is three years later.
Geogr. limits. — N. N. Turkestan.
8. E. shore of the Caspian Sea. E. Desert of Soungaria.
W, Between Kuba and Schamachi, in the Eastern Caucasus (^S. fruticulosa).
293. S. HIRTICALYX, Boiss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Oriefnt., suppl.y p. 104.
Glauca, glabra. Caules e rhizomate indurate adscendentes, inferne dichotome et pluries ramosi, inter intemodia brevia nodoso - incrassati, apice 1-2-flori. Folia inferiora anguste oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, basi longe attenuata, superiora abbreviata, acuta. Pedicelli calyce 5-plo breviores. Calyx cylindricus, pilis crispulis velutinus, fmctifer clavatus, nervis pallidis, dentibus ovatis late membranaceis. Petala fuscesccntia, btloba, appendicibus circumcircd. denticulatis. Capsula oblonga carpophoix) sublong^or.
Hab. On mountains of Persian Kurdistan, above Inanro.
tt Petala linearia integra.
294. S. LEPTOPETALA, SchrenJc, in Bull. Phys. Math. A<uid. Pitersb., ii. p. 198 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 191.
Hab. Soungaria.
fi. Calyx membranaceus. t Petala unguibus ciliatis.
295. S. petrj:a, Adams in Weber et Mohr, Beitr., i. (1805) p. 58 ; Bohrb.y Monogr., p. 191.
fi. GYMNOCALYCINA, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., v. pars ii. p. 414.
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ME. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 149
Oeogr. limits, — N. R. Terek, in prov. of Cis-Caucasia, near Wladikawkas. 8. and E. W. Tibet. W. Central Cancasos.
295. SiLENE LiNEATA, Boiss, et Buhse, Aufz. Transhauh, Per8,f p. 37 (1860) ; Rohrh,, Monogr., p. 191.
Facies et inflorescentia formaium uormalium 8. tenuis ; base autem caljce longo gracili cjlindrico, pedicellis medium versuB bracteolatis difFert.
Hob. N.-W. Persia.
tt Petala nogaibns glabris.
297. S. MoNTBRETUNA, Bow5., Diagn. PL Nov, Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 26 ; Bohrhy Monogr,, p. 192.
Habitus et flores abbreviati 8. pruinosce, sed inflorescentia nou panicnlata.
fi. ANisoLOBA, 8chrenky (sp.) in Bull. Phys, Math, Acad. Petersh., ii. p. 198 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 196. Magis Buffrnticosay minus pubescens ; caljcis dentes ovati.
Trautvetter, in examining SohrenVs specimens, was unable to find anj traces of lateral lobes in the limb of the petals, which appeared to be bifid like those of S. Monthretiana. He thinks, therefore, that it might bo referred to 8, longijlora^ as a suffraticose and narrow-leayed form of that species (Bull. Soc. Nat. Moac.^l^Oy^.l^). There are no specimens in Herb. £ew.
7- MiCEOPHYLLA, Boiss,, Fl. Orient., suppl, p. 98. Folia minuta, inflna spatbulata, suprema angustissimai acuta recurva ; calyx densissime pubescens, f ructifer minus clavatus. Hob, A'in-Tab, in prov. of Aleppo (HaussknecJd). Geogr. limits, — N. Gumuchkbane, in prov. of Trebizond, Turkey in Asia. 8. Ain-Tab, in prov. of Aleppo (var. 7). E. Valleys of the Ala- tan range, in Soungaria
(var. /3). W, Mt. Ak-dagb, in prov. of Siwas.
S. BRAHUICA, Boiss,, Fl, Orient,, i. p. 615; Bohrh,^ Monogr., p. 1S2.
Hah. Choky, in Afghanistan, and Doubund, in Beloocbistan.
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299. SiLENE Ubvillei, Scliott^ ex Urv, in Mem. Soc. Linn, Par., i. (1822) p. 304; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 192.
Adde: Nervi calycini pnrparei ; semina dorso canalicalata, fadebns plana.
Hab. Anatolia; Mt. Sipuli-dagb, and Island of Cos, off the S.W. coast, also Island of Samos (Herb. Kew., Major, 1886).
c. Capsnla carpopbomm bis terve snperans, yel snbsessilis. a. Folia pungentia ; semina dorso faciebnsqne plana.
300. S. altaYca, Pera., Syn. PL, i. p. 497 (1805) ; Ledeh., PI. Fl. Bossicce, t. 172; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 193.
Hah. Asiatic Bassia. — N. Kirghiz Steppes.
E. Altai Mtns.
S. Desert of Soangaria.
W. R. Ural.
fi. Folia mntica; semina dorso canalicalata, faciebns plana, t Calyx glaberrimus.
301. S. LiTMOPHiLA, Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xv. <1842) p. 167; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 193.
Habitn 8. altatcce similis, sed carpopliomm glabmm, petala bipartita (nee bifida) eooronata, semina dorso cannlicnlata. Hab. Sonngaria.
3C2. S. TENELLA, G. A. Meij., Vers. Pfl. Cauc., p. 216 (1831) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 194.
Hab. Prov. of Talysch in Trans-Gancasia, and Mt. Ararat in Turkish Armeoia.
tt Calyx pnbescens. 1. Ungaes et filamenta glabra.
303. S. CANAEIEN8I8, Willd. in Spreng. Neue Entd., iii. p. 60 ; Bohrb.y Monogr.y p. 194.
Hsdc vera 8. canariensis : planta perennis floribns racemosis. Species annna inflorescenti^ scorpioide^ qnm ab Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 372, snb hoc nomine edita et in Phytogr. Canar., i. p. 142, 1. 18, depicta est, hnc non pertinet, sed = 8. mogadorensisj Coss. et Bal. in PI. Marocc. exsicc. (1867).
Hab. TenerifPe.
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HB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OENUS SILENE. 151
304. SiLENE N0CTK0LBN8, Wehh et Berth,y Phtjtogr. Canar., i. p. 141, t. 20; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 194.
Adde : Semina dorso obtnse canalicnlata (ex obaerv.). Hob. Canary Isles.
2. Ungues et filamenta ciliati.
305. S. STEN0B0TRY8, Boiss. et Haussk, in Boiss,, Fl. Orient,^ i. p. 611, et 8uppl,^ p. 97 ; Bohrh,, Monogr.^ p. 195.
A S. spergulifolid et affinibus, Rtamiaibas hirsntis longe ezseiiis, discedens.
Adde 8yn, S. snpina, AucKer-Eloy^ n. 482. Oeogr, area, — Tnrkey in Asia.
W. Rascheya, in the Anti-Lebanon. N. Prov. of Diarbekir, along the east branch of B. Euphrates (Sintenie, It. Orientale^ 1888; Herb. Kew). E. At the base of Mt. Sindjar, in prov. of Mosonl {Hatisshnecht in Boiss.^ Fl. Orient, ^ suppL, p. 97). 8. Mar Elias, between Damascns and the ruins of Palmyra, in the Syrian Desert.
306. S. SKHENOVii, Begel et Herder, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1866), p. 536; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 195.
Hob. Soungaria ; the Ala- tan Range, north of the B. Tabya and Lake Issyk-kul.
B. Petala laciniato-quadripartita.
307. S. ODORATissiMA, Bungo in Ledeh.y Fl. Altaic., ii. p. 148 ; Ic. Fl. BossiccB, t. 396 (petala erronea) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 195.
Hab. Kirghiz Steppes and Desert of Soungaria.
b. Flores in racemo simplici vel composito yerticillastrifero, aut, axis primariao intemodiis intra inflorescentiam abbreviatis, capitulum plus minus densum formantes; (rarissime racemus non contractus paucidorus, sed tarn calyx bi*evis obconicus et ungues ciliati).
Series 4. GapUellatce,
Flores in racemo simplici, axis primarisB intemodiis abbre- yiatis, oapituliformi, rarissime in racemo paucifloro non
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contracto : calyx brevis turbinatus vel oblongo-campannlatnB, evenius ; ungues ciliati.
A. Petala nngiiibus aaricnlatis.
308. SiLENE Aristidis, Pomelf Novv, Mat, Fl, Atlanta p. 330 (1874); Battand. et Trahut, FL AlgSr., 140; Goss., lUustr. Fl. AtlanL, fasc. iv. (1890) p. 150, t. 97.
Basi suffriiticosa. Can lea erecti vel arcuato-adscendentes, glabrescentes, floriferi dichotome ramosi. Folia glabra vel inferiora basi tantnm breviter ciliata, obvato - oblonga, breviter apicnlata, in petiolnm plus minus latum attenuata ; bractead lineari-lanceolatsB, superiores pnbescenti-glandulosse. Flores breviter pedicellati. Caljx 20 mm. longus, pubesoenti- glandnlosus tubnlosus, f rnctifer supeme oblongo-dilatatus infra capsulam contractus, albido-membranaceus, nervis virentibue, dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis, acutis, albo-marginatis, cilio- latis. Petala, unguibus exsertis obtuse auriculatis, intns albida, extns lutescentia, laming oblongo-cuneat& bilob^ appen- dicibus binis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis interdum dentatis. Filamenta glabra. Gapsula superne paullulum attenuata, carpophorum bis superans. Semina compressa, dorse lato piano, tuberculis seriatim echinulato, faciebus concavis etriatis.
S. fruticosa habitu notisque plurimis necnon seminum fabric^ cum S, Aristidis congrnifc et tantum distinguenda floribus minus confertis, petalorum laming pui'purascente, unguibus edentulis, stipite capsulaa subeeqnilongo vel paullo brevioi*e.
Hah, Algeria (Letoumeux^ 1874).
309. S. ciTRiNA, Boiss,^ Fl, Orient,, suppl,, p. 101. Caespitosa breviter tomentella, pallide virens. Caules erecti,
simplices, foliosi. Folia radicalia late lanceolato-linearia, acuminata, in petiolum longum attenuata, caulina abbreviata, sessilia subamplexicaulia ; bractefls subulatsB. Calyx ampliato- ovatns, frnctifer sub capsule vix constrictus, glanduloso- pubescens, umbilicatus, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis. Petala citrina, biloba, parva, unguibus exsertis, appendicibus binis ovatis. Capsula ovata carpophoro sublongior. Semina granu- lata.
Facies Melandrii Requieni, sed caules non eztrarosnlares, et rudimenta dissepimentorum in capsule yideri possunt.
8yn, Melandrium cabulicum, Boiss,, Diagn,, Ser. II. i. p. 79.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 153
Lychnis cahuUca, Aitch. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xix. (1882) p. 153, is a very different plant.
Hob, Shendtoi, in Afghanistan (Aitchison).
B. Petala UDgaibns edentnlis. a, Petala bipartita. t Filamenta glabra.
310. SiLENE PHAKNACBiFOLiA, Feml, Pugill Fl Nov. Syr.y p. 26 (1842); Russegg,, III PL Taur,, t. 10; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 196.
Hab. Mt. Lebanon, above Adros {Peyron, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppL, p. 97) ; and Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia.
311. S. CEPHALANTHA, Botss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 613; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 197.
Differt a formis S. spergulifolice, Bieb., calyce eglanduloso, unguibus ciliatis, superne non dilatatis; a 8. Montbretiand, Boiss., cujus formis paucifloris habitu valde accedit, striis caljcinis superne tantum conjunctis, unguibus ciliatis edentulip, carpophoro breviore.
Hah. Palanteaken, in Turkish Armenia.
312. S. DiANTHOiDES, Pers., Syn. PL, i. p. 500 (1805); Schreber, Dec. (1766), p. 9, t. 5 (Cueubalus saxifragus, Linn.) ; Rohrb., Monogr. y p. 197.
Species habitu generis Gypsophilw.
a. TYPICA, Trautv. in Act Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 511. Gaulis basi foliaque dense et brevissime puberala.
fi. GLABRATA, l.C.
Caulis glaberrimus; folia basi breviter ciliata, ceterum glaberrima.
Geogr. area. — Asia Minor.
S. Mt. Jokardi-dagh, near Egin, in prov. of Siwas {Sintenisy If. Orientale [1890], n. 2497). N. and E. District of Kara-bagh, in prov. of
Trans-Caucasia. W. The hills above Gumuchkhane, in prov. of Trebizond.
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tt« Pilamenta ciliata.
313. SiLENE RoEMBBi, Friuj. in Flora^ xix. (1836) p. 439; Rohrh.f Monogr.f p. 198.
According to E. Tanfani, the petals are bigibbons, and the filaments ciliate.
Oeogr. limita. — JV^ Near Garlova, in N. Bulgaria.
S. Mt. Pindus, in Thessalj, Greece (HausS'
Jenecht, in Mittheil. Thiiring, Bot. Ver,^
Heftv. (1893)p.50). E, £. Bnmelia (Skarjnl, 1886, ex JVym., Contp.
Fl Eur,, supply ii. p. 53). W. Prov. of Abmzzi, Central Italy.
314. S. OLYMPICA, Boiss.y Diagn. PL Nov, Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 24 (1842) ; Eohrh,, Monogr., p. 198.
a. QLABBATA, mihl.
Folia radicalia scabrido-ciliolata, cetenim glabra. Hacemns spiciformis. Calyx 5 mm. longns. Petalorum appendices biui, breves, ovati.
y9. PUBESCENS, Boiss., Fl, Orient, i. p. 610. Folia radicalia undiqne tomentella. Racemns longior, laxior. Calyx 8 mm. longns. Petalomm appendices interdnm obsoleti. 7. CALYOULATA, G, Koch, (sp.) in Linncea, xix. (1847) p. 56. Folia angustiora. Bacemns laxus. Petala bigibba, lobis linearibas, appendicibns ad gibbos reductis.
Speciei formsB capituliformes a 8, capitellatd petalis bifidis statim dignoscendiB.
Oeogr. limits, — N, Prov. of Kara-bagh, in tbe Caacasns (var. 7). 8, Mt. Tanms, in Cilicia. E, Mt. Elbnrz, in N. Persia, above Warahosul
(var, 7). W. Mt. Khesbish-dagh (Bithynian Olympus).
/9. Petala integra lineari-spathulata.
315. S. CAPiTELLATA, Boiss,, Diogn, PI, Nov, Or,, Ser. I. i. p. 25 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 199.
Differt a priori, petalis integris, filamentis glabris ; a proximo, floribus dimidio minoribus hermaphroditis, petalis minus exsertis, unguibus ciliatis.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 155
Qeogr, limits. — Tarkey in Asia.
8, Prov. of Marascli.
N, and E, Turkish Armenia; between Erze-
roam and Ispir. W. Anatolia ; Mt. Davros-dagh.
Series 5. OtitecB,
Flores in racemis simplicibus compositisve verticillastriferis ; pedicelli im4 basi binis prophjllis prsediti.
A. Petala integra raro leviter emarginata, ecoronata. a. Capsala sessilis.
316. SiLENE Sbndtneri, Boise., Fl, Orient., i. p. 608 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 199.
A formis 8. Otitis imprimis differt petalis latis cal jce dnplo longioribns.
Ckogr. limits. — N. and W. Near Fnzine, in Croatia (S. Schlos- seri, Vukot. [1876] ). 8. and E. Mt. Vitosa, in Bulgaria, VeUnovsky (1890). Adds syn. S. Schlosseri, Vukot. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., xxx. (1880) p. 382.
317. S. Otites, 8m., Fl. Brit., ii. p. 469 ; ex Gomp., Fl. Brit., p. 65 (1800); Beichh., lo. Fl. Qerm. Eelv., n. 6094; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 199.
1. Bacemi simplices Terticillastriferi aat rami primarii inferiores paullnm elongati ; flores dioici ant poljgami.
». genuina ; Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 415 (Cucnbalns Otites) ; Syme, Engl. Bot., ed. III. ii. p. 63, t. 206 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 200.
Folia inferiora spathalato-lanceolata, pnbemla vel obovato- oblonga, canescentia ; pedicelli caljcesqne glabri ; petala glabra, raro basi ciliolata.
Lnsns 2. Folia snpra glabrata, snbcoriacea, in canle mox diminnta. Capsnla ovato-elUptiea, 6-7 mm. longa.
8yn. S. Otites, var. dnrinseala, Velen. in 8itzungsb. k. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. (1893), p. 13 (sep.). S. psendotites, Bota, Prosp. Plant. 8vizz. Ins., p. 47.
p. PABVIFLORA, Bohrb., Monogr., p. 200; Ehrh., Beitr., vii.
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156 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
p. 143 (Cucubalus parviflorns) ; Beichh., Ic. FL Qerm» Helv.^ n. 5096.
Folia lineari-spathulata, pedicelli caljcesqae scabri; petala basi ciliata.
7. Hellmanni, Rohrb.^ Monogr,^ p. 183; Claus^ (sp.) Beitr. Pflanzenk. Bussisch. Beichs^ (1851) p. 289; TrautvAn Act, Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 508.
Humilis, dcpauperata. Caulis, pedicelli et calyces tenuiHsime pubenili. Folia inferiora obovato-spathulata, snperiora angns- tiora vel linearia ; bractesD subalatsB. Gapsnla major.
2. Bacemi effusi ramis elongatis verticillastriferis; flores polygami ; pedicelli glabri.
B, wolgensis, Bohrb.f Monogr., p. 201 ; Willd., Enum, BorL BeroL, suppL, p. 24 (1813) (Cucabalus wolgensis) ; Beichh,, Ic. FL Germ. Helv., u. 6095.
Canlis inferno retrorsnm pubemlus ; folia lineari-spathnlata scabriuscnla ; verticillastra laxa ; calyx glaber, abbreviatus.
€. densiflora, Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 201 ; Un\ (sp.) in Mem, Soc, Linn. Far., i. (1822) p. 303.
Gaolis elatus, crassns, cum foliis dense molliter villosas^ snpeme glaber, viscidas ; folia ovato- vel oblongo-spathulata^ interdnm undalata, rarins lineari-lanceolata, acutinscula; verticillastra dense congesta; calyx 5-6 mm. longus, glaber; semina majora.
Bohrbach does not record the occurrence of tliis species so far west as^ Spain ; and, on the other hand, it is not found so far south as Syria, as mentioned in vol. i. of DC. Frodromvs. In this latter case "Syriaca" ia an obvious error for " Piriac,*' a locality on the west coast of France. The original reference for Smith's name is seldom given correctly. It is generally cited as vol. ii. p. 469, though there is no necessity to specify the^ volume. Bohrbach cites vol. ii, p. 298, but this volume and page refers to Smith's * English Flora.*
Geogr. limits. — N. and E. Siberia.
S. Elmaln, in Anatolia (var. densiflora /orma
stenophylla). W. Salamanca, in prov. of Leon, Spain (Quer^ ex Willk. et Lange, Prodr, FL Hisp., iii. p. 664).
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. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENK. lo7
b. Capsula carpophorum bis-qnater superans vel fere seqnans.
318. SiLENE ANDRTALiEFOLLA., PoTweZ, Nouv, Mat, Fl, Atlatit., p. 331 (1874).
CsBspitosa, glanca, pnbescens. Canlis simplex, rectos vel adscendens, velutino-pnbescens, foliosus, multi floras, non viscidus. Folia inferiora conferta, spathnlato-lanceolata, in petiolum longum attenaata, tomentosa, acuta vel subacnminata, snperiora lanceolato-linearia vel spathalata; bractesB parvae, scariosfld. Flores erecti, breviter pedicel lati, in panicalis tricbotomis corymbiformibus dispositi. Calyx tenuiter cj'lin- dricas, glaudaloso-pnbescens, fructifer supeme obconico- ovoideus, infeme claveeformis, nervis angostis reticnloso- anastomosantibus, dentibns oblongis, obtusis, rotnndatis, late scariosis. Petala ochrolenca, nngnibus glabris. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovoideo-conica, carpophoropubescente. Semina fusca, faciebus concaviuscula, striata, dorso plana vel compres- siuscula, seriatim tubercnlata.
Hah. Djurdjura, in Algeria.
319. S. MOLOPETALA, Bunge in Ledeh., FL Altaica, ii. p. 142 ; Ic, PI. Fl. Bossic, 163 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 202.
Hah. Desert of Soungaria.
320. S. siBiRiCA, Fers., Syn, Fl., i. P- 497 (1805) ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 202.
Geogr. limits. — 8. The stream of Kantschahar, in the desert of Chinese Soungaria. N. and F. Between the rivers Olenek and Lena,
in Arctic Siberia {Czekanotcski [1875]). W. W. Russia ; province of Podolia.
321. S .Falconebiana, Boyle, Illustr. Fl. EimaL, p. 79, t. 20 a ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 202.
Adde : Calyx basi truncatus ; petala alba. Hah. N.-W. Himalayas.
322. S. Geblebiana, Schrenk, Enum, PL Nov., p. 91 ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 203.
Planta 8, sibiricm similis, sed calycibus cum carpophoro
pubescente elongatis ab ill& satis distincta; a S. multiflord
petalis diversa; 8. Falconertance valde affinis sed statim distinguenda.
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Hab, B. ITrdschar, in the desert of Sonngaria ; vallejs north of the Thian-Schan Range (Buprecht, ex M4m. Acad. 8c. 8t. Pitersh.y xiv. [1869]) ; Unzere Boratola (Begel, It. Turkestan., viii.).
B. Petala bipartita.
a. Gapsula carpophoram subsBqaans.
323. SiLENE MULTiFLORA, Pers., 8yn. PI, i. p. 496 (1805) ; Waldst. et Kit., PL Rar. Hung., i. t. 56 (Gacubalns mnltiflorus) ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 203.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Near Semipalatinsk, on the R. Irtysch, Sibei*ia. 8. The Dobmdscha, in Ronmania (Kanitz, PI.
Roman., suppl, p. 182 [1881]). E. Desert of Sonngaria. W. Nensiedler See, in Hungary.
324. S. CKPHALENiA, Heldr., Fl. Gephalon., p. 26 (1883) ; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppL, p. 106.
Infeme pnbe aspern]& canescens. Ganles adscendentos, superne viscidi, laxe racemoso-panicnlati. Folia inferiora con- ferta spathnlata acnta, snperiora admodnm dirninnta b'nearia. Ramuli panicnlte patentes, apice panciflori ; flores breviter pedi- cellati secnndi, pedicellis fmctiferis cemnis. Calyx cylindrico- clavatns gland nloso-pnbescens, dentibns triangnlaribnH, acntis, albo-marginatis. Petala livida, ecoronata, lobis linearibns. Semiua mgnlosa dorso canaliculata.
AffiniR facie 8. congested a qn& differt pnbe aspemU, inflores- centi& laxiore, foliis acntis, calycis dentibns acntis, carpophoro capsniam saqnante.
Kah. Ionian Islands; Gephalonia (Heldreich [1872]).
b. Capsnla carpophomm 3-4-plo excedens.
325. S. GiGANTEA, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. 1. p. 418, et (accnra- tins) in ed. II. p. 598; Sibth. et 8m., Fl. GrcBca, v. t. 432 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 203.
fi. viRiDESCiNS, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 646. Viridescens, indnmento parciore. Panicnla viscosissima ; cyro89 plus minns efPnsaa nee coufertim floriferad.
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 159
Oeogr, Umits* — N. Bamelia.
W, Ionian Islands ; Zante. E. Mt. Oaioor-dagb, in prov. of Aleppo (Posty ex Bull. Herb, Boiss., iii. [1895] p. 154). 8, Broammana, in the Lebanon (var. fi),
326. SiLENB CONGESTA, Sihth. et 8fn.j Prodr. Fl, Orcec, i. p. 300 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 204.
Oeogr, Uinit?. — N, Thessaly (HattssknechU ex Nym,, Consp. FL
Ewr.f suppL, ii. p. 52). 8, Mt. TajgetoSy in tlie nome of Laconia^
Morea (Haussknecht^ Z.c). E, Mt. Parnassus, in the nome of Attica,
Livadia. TT. Mt. Kjllenes, in the nome of Arcadia
{Heldreich, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient,, suppLy
p. 106).
327. S. Bbidgesi, Eohrb, in App, II. Ind. 8em. Hort, BeroL (1867) p. 5 ; Monogr,, p. 204.
Adde: Petala alba vel parparascentia, nngaibos angoste anricnlatis.
8yn. S. incompta, A, Gray, in Proc, Amer, Acad,, vii. (1868)
p. 330; vide B. L. Bobinson, l,c,, xxviii. (1893) p. 139.
S. Engelmanni, Bohrb, in App, II. Ind. 8em, Hort,
Berol. (1867), p. 5; Monogr,,p, 213. S. mnlticanlis, Durand, in Joum, Acad, Nat. 8c, Philad, (1855) ; ex 8. Wats,, Bibl, Ind,, p. 108. Hab. California.
328. S. TUNNANiNSis, Franch, in BuU. 8oc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886) p. 425.
E basi ramosa, andiqne tennissime pubescens, glauca. Bami erecti, rigidi, ultra medium crebre foliati. Folia e basi brevitcT aitenoata, angiiste lanceolata, acuminata, 3-nervia, nervis lateralibus marginantibus, supra aspernlata, infra dense puberula. Inflorescentia paDiculato-corymboea, in cymas 2-3- floras congestas disposita ; pedicellis abbreviatis. Calyx tubu- loso-clavatus, apice parum constrictcs, infeme viz angustatus, pr»sertim ad nervos purpurascentes pilis crispis vestitus, denti- bus ovato-triangularibus acutis, Petala rosea, lamina late
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obcordata, lobis latis ovatis, cimi dente vel lobulo laterali, appendicibus oblongis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblonga.
Habitus 8. repentU in formft antem petalorum diversa, etiam dispositione bracteamm in pedicellis.
Characters Terified from authentic tpeoimeiiB in Herb. Kew.
Hah. China ; prov. of Ynn-nan.
Series 6. SperguUfolice.
Flores in racemis simplicibns sive compositis, vertieillastra plas minns densa, interdnm panciflora ferentibus : pedicelli medio sen apico binis prophyllis prwditi.
A. Petala multifida, lobis lateralibus brevibus.
329. SiCiENE PACHYRRHIZA, Frauch. in Bull, Soe, Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886) p. 427.
Canles e radice crassd^ debiles, erecti, pnberalo-scabri ad apicem usqae folios i. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, breviter petio- lata, Bcabra, caulina mox decrescentia. Jnflorescentia obligan tha, floribos 3-4; bractesd minntsd, acnminate; pedicelli dense pnberuli. Caljx tnbuloso-campanulatns, umbilicatus, inferno param angustatus, pilis brevissimis obsessns, dentibus ovatis, acntis. Petala rosea, nnguibns anriculatis, glabris, lobis latera- libus triangularibus, lobis mediis linearibns, appendicibus oblongis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-conica.
Characters verified, as in the preceding, from specimens in Herb. Kew. Hah. China ; prov. of Yun-nan.
330. S. Olgjj, Bohrh, in Linncea^ xxxvi. (1870) p. 687 ; Maxim, in BuU, Acad. Imp, 8c. Petersh., vii. (1865) p. 332 (Melandrium OlgfB).
Caules erecti, solitarii vel plurimi, simplices vel paullum stricto ramosi, pilis crispis viscidis dense vestiti, 10-30 centim. longi. Folia lanceolata vel ovato - lanceolata acuminata, basi paullum angustata, hirtella, margine pilis longis ciliata, superiora et bracteee pedunculorum medium versus sessiles sensim angustiores ac minores. Racemi rami 1-3-vel rarius pluriflori, caljce brevius pedunculati, peduncnlis dense viscido- pubescentibus. Calyx 8-10 mm. longus, ssepe rubescens, tur- binate-oblongns, fructifer ampliatns ovatus, pilis viscidis dense
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vestitas, striis viridibiis vel nigricanti-rabellis sapeme arcuatim coDJnnctis et intra denies reticnlato-yenosis, dentibns elongato- lanceolatis, aoominatis albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala pur- purea vel sordide mbro-violacea, onguibus exsertis, longe ciliatis, lobis medianis oblongis, lateralibus lacinulatis, appen- dicibus binis fomicatis elongato-lanceolatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsala ovato-oblonga, snbsessilis. Semina reniformia, dorso faciebosque plana dense acute tnberculata.
Hob, S.E. Siberia ; on the shores of the bay of St. Olga. «nd near the R. Wai-Pudin.
B. Petala bipartita vel bifida, a. Gapsula carpophorum eequans vel fere bis superans.
881. SiLENE REPENS, Fair, in Pers. Syn. PI, i. p. 500 ; Ledeb., Ic, FL Bosnc, t. 425 ; Boh/rh., Monogr,, p. 206.
a, ANGUSTiFOLLA (typica), Turcz. ap. Begel, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc, (1861) p. 561.
Folia linearia vel anguste lineari-lanoeolata, 1^-6 mm. lata.
f. SINENSIS, mihi (= S. repens, Franch, in Joum, Botanique, [1890], p. 302).
Folia scabridiora quam in speciminibus Sibiricis. Petalorum appendices lineares, paullum divergentes. Carpophomni yelutinum.
Hah. N. China; Suen-hoa-fou.
p. LATIFOLIA, Turcz. ap. Begel in BuU. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1861) p. 561.
Folia lineari-lanceolata vel angnste lanceolata, 6-12 mm. lata.
7. TRANSCAUOASICA, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 608.
Canles simplidssimi ; foliorum fasciculis vel ramulis foliiferis in foliomm canlinorum axillis plane deficientibus. Oeogr. limits. — N and F. Kamtschatka, in Siberia. W. Slatoust, in Central Russia. 8. Japan.
332. S. sPERGULiroLU, Bieh., Ft. Taur. Gauc., iii. (1819) p. 805 ; Beichh., Ic. Fl. Oerm. Helv., n. 5101 ; Bohrh.^ Monogr., p. 206.
Syn. S. spergulifolia var. clavata, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 508.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, YOL. XXXII. M
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Lusns 2. Calyx f ructifer brevior, ob oarpophomm breyissi- mmn ellipsoideus.
8yn, S. spergnlifolia, var, ellipsoidea, Trautv. in Ad, Eort. Petrop,, ii. (1873) p. 508.
Lnsus 3. Canles debiles, genicnlati, glabrinsculi; inflorescentise rami primarii elon^ti.
Syn. S. spergulifolia, var, elongata, Botes., Fl. Orient,, i. p. 612.
p. ARBUSCULA, BoisS,, Lc,
Damosa, caudice lignoso. Folia lineari-lanceolata. Bacemns elongatns. Galjx solum ad strias hirsatns. Oeogr. limits, — N. Trans- Cancasia.
S, and E, Persia; Bains of Persepolis, in
prov. of Fars (var. fi), W, Mt. Arjish-tagb, in prov. of Karamania.
333. SiLENE BoRNMUELLERi, Freyn, in Oesterr, Bot, Zeitsch. xli. (1891) p. 363.
Tota glandnloso-hirta, viscosa, e basi snffmtescente mnlti- canlis. Caulis inf rafoliommrosnlamterminalemlateraliteredens. Canles stricte erecti, apice 1-3-flori. Folia lanceolata, acuta, infima subspathulata, caulina vix diminata, floralia berbacea, conspicue minora. Calyx florum masculorum major, cyHndrico- conicus, rubro-striatus, apice purpurens, dentibus ovatis obtusis ; florum feminomm et florum bermapbroditorum minor, sub- turbinatus, viridi- vel purpureo-striatus, dentibus oblongis, obtusis, margine subbyalinis. Petala alba, nngnibus ciliatis, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis, oblique ovatis, acutis, donticulatis. Capsula (perjuvenilis) turbinata, carpopboro glabro duplo saltim longiore sufEulta.
Hah, Prov. of Siwas ; Mfc. Yildiz-dagb {Bommueller, exs., n. 2022).
p, SUBALPINA, Freyn, l.c,
Elatior, vegetior, subpedalis, laxe paniculata, paniculfls ramis panois, apice cymoso-trifloris, inferioribus divaric^tis vel arrectis, foliis majoribus.
Hah, Mfc. Yildiz-dagb {Bommueller, exs., n. 2023).
334. S. SUPINA, Bieh,, Fl, Taur, Cauc,, l p. 336, iii. p. 304; Bot. Mag., t. 1997 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 207.
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Oeogr. limits. — N. and E. Altai Mtns., in Siberia. S. Prov. of Ghil&n, N. Persia. W, Bnlgaria ; nr. Varna (Bommueller, PI. exs. BulgarieB Or. [1889], n. 3).
b. Capsula subsessilis : flores dioici. 335. SiLENE PRUINOSA, Boiss., Diagn. PL Nov, Or,^ Ser. I. i. p. 23, et viii. p. 85 ; Eohrh,, Monogr., p. 2D8 (S. snpina var, pminosa).
Tota grisea, retrorsum tomentella, e basi suffrutescente multicaalis. Canles adscendentes paniculati, paniculso ramis Bsepins altemis. Folia brevia, lanceolato-linearia, acuta, sub- spatbnlata. Calyx glanduloso-hirsutas, cjlindrico-conioiiB, fractifer clavatus, infra capsulam leviter oonstrictus, nervis anastomosantibus, bispidulis, dentibus ovatis, obtnsis, albo- marginatis, ciliatis. Petala alba, ungnibus ciliatis inclnsis, bifida lobis linearibus, appendicibns binis, parvis, ovatis, obtnsis. Capsula oblongo-oonica. Semina globosa, dorso lato convexa, faciebus plana.
Species polymorpba, affinis 8. spergulifolice, a qu& tamen sat differre videtur indumento, foliorum form^ inflorescenti^ ramosiori paniculate, ramis saapius altemis ; occurrunt tamen formsB subracemossB. Hanc ut yarietatem 8. supines Bobrbach habet, sed secus Boissier et suo sensu erron^e; etenim lisec floribus saltern duplo longioribns a 8. pruinosa distingaitur. Specimina armena ex Gumuschkhan^ 8. pruinosce sistunt ex Bobrbtkch speciem propriam 8. armeniaca Bohrb., sed a typo tantum difEerunt carpophoro pauUulum breyiore et transitus adsunt innumeri.
8yn. S. virgata, 8tapf, in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, li. (1886) p. 283.
p, ALPiNA, Boiss., Fl. Orient, i. p. 613.
Canles humiliores procumbentes pauciflori.
7. AEMENLACA, Bohrh, (sp.) in App, Alt. Ind, Hort. Berol. (1867) p. 5.
Canles suberecti foliosi, basi magis casspitosi. 8yn, S. pruinosa, var, fasciculata, Boiss,, berb. Oeogr, limits, — N. Gumuschkban^, in prov. of Trebizond, Armenia (var, 7). 8. Mt. Cassius, in prov. of Aleppo. E, W, Persia (8tapf). W, Prov. of Anatolia.
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336. SiLENB BRACHTCiRPA, Botss, et Bal,, Biagn. PI. Nov. Or,, Ser. II. vi. p. 29; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 208.
Isflorescentia S. spergulifolus, folia S, pruino8(B, ab nbAque distincta capsuld. globos^ sulcata, in rosiram pangens abrupt.e abeanti.
Hah, Provinces of Anatolia and Siwas.
337. S. CAPPADOCICA, Boiss. et Heldr., Biagn, PI. Nov, Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 86 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 209 (S. argentea, var, cappadocica).
Hsec et 8. argentea* specifice non differre videntur, sed hocce nomen speciei cujus forms plnrimaa virides glabriascnlfls sunt servendum esse Tidetnr. 8, argentea ergo =. 8. cappadocica var. argentea.
Calyx 6 mm. longos, in floribns femineis minor et magis clayatns ; petala florum mascnlornm majora profundius bipartita.
Affinis 8, sibiricoB qu89 differt foliis latioribus, petalis indivisis, carpophoro elongato. A 8, sperguUfolid et affinibns, nngnibas glabris non dilatatis, floribns minoribas, caljce non glandnloso semper distingaenda.
fi, ABGENTEA, Ledeh. (sp.), Ft. Bossica, i, p. 311.
Tota dense cano-velatina, sicnt argentacea. Folia latiora. Calyx flavidns.
This plant is only briefly and insufficiently described by Ledebour, and its affinities with other species not satisfaotoiily made out and compared.
7. GLANDULOSA, Freyn, in Bonvm,, PI, Anatolim Orientalis (1890), n. 71 ; et in Bull, Herb, Boiss., iii. (1896) p. 78.
Stirps pilis reversis glandnlosis, scabro-pubescens. Canles simplices vel infra medium subramosi. Folia spathulato-linearia. Calyx 8-9 mm. longns, scabro-pnbescens glandnlosns.
Hab. N, and E, Trans-Cancasia. 8. and W, Anatolia.
c. Flores in racemo composito, ramis racemosis sive dichasia composita ferentibns, ant in racemo simplici ramis strictis nni-vel pancifloris elongatis ; (rarissime in f ormis alpinis canlis nni-vel pauciflorus).
Series 7. Lasiostemones,
Flores erecti vel nntantes. Petalorum nngnes et filamenta lanDginoso-ciliati.
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a. Petala ungnibns exanricQlatis.
338. SiLENE AFFGHANICA, Boli^h. in App. Alt, Ind, Sort, Berol, (1867), p. 5; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 210.
Hah, Afghanistan.
339. S. PUBERULA, Boiss.y Fl. OrienLy i. p. 636; Bohrb,^ Monogr,, p. 210.
Hob. Mt. Pir Oraar Ondran, in Persian Knrdistan (Hauss- knecJU ex Boise. ^ FL Orient , auppl.^ p. 103) ; hills near Baibont^ in Turkish Armenia.
340. S. NiEDBRi, Eeldr. in Boies., Diagn. PI Nov. Or., Ser. II. vi. p. 32 ; Bohrb.j Monogr., p. 211.
Ab affinibns coron4 sabnnll4 discrepans. Hob. N. Greece (vide Haueekneoht, in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. [1893] p. 49). E. Garpenisi, in the nome of ^tolia. N. Peak of Zygos.
S. and W. Ionian Islands; vineyards in the Isle of Sta. Maura (Baldacci, n. 229, ex Bull. Herb. Boiee.j iv. p. 203 [Mars, 1896]) ; also Janina, in prov. of Epirus, Turkey (Baldacdy in litt., July, 1896).
341. S. LONGiPETALA, Vent., PL Jard. Cele.t. 83; Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Grcsca, v. p. 13, t. 419; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 211.
Adde : Petala alba vel purpurascentia, rarius ochroleuca. Species ab affinibus radice repenti, paniculaa amplsa ramis Jongis divaricatis, distincta.
Adde syn. S. Ehrenbergiana, Bohrb., Monogr., p. 163, n. 164. S. cbloropetala, B/upr,, Fl. Caucaei, p. 195 (1869).
/3. ASPBEIFOLIA, Freyn (sp.), in Bull. Herb. Boiee.,ui. (1895) p. 97. Folia tomentoso-aspera. Pedicelli stricti, ad medium bibrac- teati. Gapsala oblonga.
Oeogr. limite. — N. and E. Prov. of Daghestan, in Gis-Caucasia (S. cbloropetala). S. El Arish, on the coast of Egypt, near the frontier of Palestine (Aech. et Schweinf. in Mem. Inst. Egypt., u. [1889] p. 749). W. Greece ; Gorinth (Haueeknecht, in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v.).
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342. SiLENE KUNAWARENSis, Eoyle, lUusir. BoU Eimalay.y p. 79 ; Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 211.
Adde: Caules puberuli vel glabri, tennes, foliis pnbemlis. Calyx nmbilicatns.
Mah, W. Tibet ; Knnawar in the Himalayas.
b. Petala nngnibus auricalatis ; flores nntantes. a. Ungues dente obtuso anriculati.
343. S. Marschalli, 0. A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Cauc, p. 214 (1831) ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 212.
/3. EIJROPAA, mihi.
Folia omnia angnste Hnearia glabra. Calyx glaber. Syn, S. Guiceiardii, Boiss, et Heldr.^ Dtagn. PL Nov, Or.^ iSer. 11. vi. p. 32.
Oeogr. limits. — N, Eastern Cancasas.
S, Elmaln, in Anatolia.
E, N. Persia ; Elbarz Mtns., between
Teheran and Tabreez. W, N. Greece ; slopes of Mt. Parnassus, above Livadi.
344. S. SAXATiLis, Sims, Bot, Mag,, t. 689 ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 212.
DifEert a S. nutante, qn^nm ssepe conf asa f aerat, nngnibns et filamentis ciliatis, capsnloe cum earpophoro proportione.
/3. CONGESTA, Boiss.y Fl, Orient., i. p. 635. Caules snbsimplices ; flores brevius pedicellati in 1-2 cymas fasciculifoimes congesti.
7 DJIMILENSI8, Boiss,, Fl. Orient., suppl, p. 103. Folia inferiora latiora ; flores in cymas fasciculiformes breviter pedicellatas congesti.
a. DAGHESTANICA, Rupr. (sp.) Fl, Caucasi, p. 194 ; Boiss,^ Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 103.
Caules in part« inferiore laxius csespitosi, intricati, crebrins foliati, axillis fasciculiferis. Folia abbreviata, lanceolato- spathulata, acuta, margine aculcolata. Panicula laxa, depau- perata.
€. ATROPURPUREA, Bupr,, Fl. Caucosi, p. 193. Petala atropurpurea.
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Oeogr. limits, — N, Prov. of Daghestan, in Gis-Cancasia (var, a). 8, Mt. Elamat, in North Persia (var. a), E, Russian Armenia {var, ft), W, Turkish Armenia ; prov. of Trebizond.
345. SiLENE AFRICA, TwTcz, in Fisch, et Mey.y Ind. Sem. Hort Petrop,, i. p. 38 (1835) ; Turcz,, Cat, PL Baikal, n. 221, in Bull, 8oc, Nat. Mo8c. (1838) p. 88 (sensu limitato).
Canles stricti, erecti, simplices yel panllnm stricte ramosi, infeme nodosi. Folia snbcoriacea lanceolata, inferiora in petiolnm attennata, snperiora linearia, omnia acuta, dense pnbescentia. Flores in racemo valde elongate, ramis dichasia plus minus composita, yerticillastra fingentia ferentibus, interdnm elongatis. BractesB parvas, villoso-ciliatsB, pedicel- lorum basi confert©. Calyx breviter oblongus, fructifer infra capsnlam leviter constrictus, basi sensim in petiolum attenuatus, dense incano-pubescens, striis viridibus quarum vense paucaa conjunctas, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, albo-marginatis, eiUatis. Petala albida, yel rosea, laming pary& bifida, lobis lineari-oblongis, unguibus inclusis, appendicibus parvis. Gapsnla oblonga, carpophorum 5-6-plo snperans. Semina dorso faciebusque plana seriatim tuberculata.
a, TTPICA, Bohrh, in Linncea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 685.
Caules folia et calyces plus minnsye dense pubescentes.
Lusus 1. Caules incano-pubemli. Folia dense scabridulo- pubescentia. Flores in racemo yalde elongate yerticillastrifero, Buperne non raro in dichasium compositum mutato. Caljx 7-9 mm. longus, sub anthesi oblongus, fructifer subampliatus. Petala subinclusa.
8yn, Melandrium apricum, Bohrh,, Monogr,, p. 231, et in LinnoBa, xxxyi. (1869) p. 239.
Lusus 2. Caules dense molliter canescenti-pubescentes. Folia scabriuscula. Flores in dichasiis compositis, ramis florigeris infra inflorescentiam terminalem hand raro acce- dentibus. Calyx (5-6) 7-9 mm. longus, sub anthesi oyato- oblongus, fructifer ampliatus. Petala plus minus longe exserta.
8yn, S. Oldhamiana, Miq., Annal, Mus, Lugd, Bat,, iii. p. 187.
Melandrium Oldhamiannm, Bohrh,, Monogr,^ p. 233, et in LinncBa, xxxyi. (1869) p. 241.
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/3« FiRMA, Sieh, et Zucc. (sp.) in Ahhandl. Munch. Akad,, It. II. p. 166.
Canles glaberrimi aut infeme pilis reyersis leviter poberuli, nodis valde incrassati. Folia magis coriacea, inferiora S89pe late ovato-lanceolata, raro omnia late ovata, ant omnia glabra ac margiae Integra vel sermlato-ciliaia, ant inferiora leviter pnbescentia. Flores semper in racemo verticillastrifero raro pancifloro. Calyx glaberrimns 6-10 mm. longas. 8yn, S. firmnla, Herb. Lugd. Bat.
S. melandriiformis, Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur,, p. 54
(1859). Melandrium firmnm, Bohrh., Monogr., p. 232. Melandrimn apricum, var. firmnm, Bohrb. in LinnoBa, xxxvi. (1869) p. 240. Geogr, limits. — N. Lake Baltkal, in Siberia (the original specimens). S. China ; nr. Amoy, on the coast of prov. of Fo-kien (var. typica, Insus 2, Herb. Hance, n. 7410). E. Japan ; nr. Yokohama (var, typica, lusns 1, sed forma verticillastris plurifloris, Wichura, n. 1085). W. Mongolia (Kirilow).
346. SiLENE rRiNGLBi, 8. Wats. in Proc. Amer, Acad., xxiii. (1888) p. 269 ; B. L. Robinson, I.e., xxviii. (1893) p. 145.
Canles tennes, erecti, snbglandnlosi, scabrido-tormentosi. Folia lineari-lanceolata, acnminata, basi sensim attennata, 3-nervia papilloso-scabra. Calyx cylindricns, nmbilicatns, dentibns ovatis, fimbriato-ciliatis, reticnlato-venosis. Petala fosco-pnrpurea, bipartita, appendicibns saccatis integris. Capsnla oblongo-ovata. Semina grannlata.
Hab. Arizona and New Mexico, in the United States, and Chihnahna, in North Mexico.
/3. IJngnes dente acnto auricolati.
347. S. ScouLKEi, Hook., Fl. Bor.^Amer., i. p. 83 (1833) ; kohrb., Monogr., p. 213.
8yn. S. Drummoudii (non Hook.)^ A. Gray, in Proc. Amer. Acad., viii. (1863). Elisanthe Soouleri, Bupr., Fl. Oaucasi, p. 200 (1869).
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/3. C08TATA, mihi.
Hispido-pubescens. Folia oarinata. Calyx oblongo-oyatns, nervis prominentibas.
Syn. S. Hallii, 8. Wats, in Proc, Am&r. Acad,, xxi. (1886) p. 446. S. parparata, Oreene, in Fittonia, ii. (1891) p. 229 ; et ex B. L, Bobinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 141. Oeogr. limits. — N. and W. Vancouver Island, British North America. 8. and E. The Caucasus.
Series 8. Nutantes. Flores nutantes. Ungues et filamenta glabri.
a. Calyx basi sensim in petiolum attenuatus.
348. SiLENE LEUCOPHYLLA, Boxss., Bxagn. PI. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 29 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 214.
Hah. St. Catherine's Peak, on Mt. Sinai.
349. S. AMANA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 634. Facies et folia 8. viridifiorce sed capsula stipitata. Hah. Mt. Amanus, in prov. Aleppo, near Beilan.
350. S. viEiDiFLORA, Linn., 8p. Plant., ed. II. p. 697 ; Beichb., Ic. Fl. Oerm. Helv., n. 5104 (non n. 5004) ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 214.
Planta rotrorsum glanduloso-pubescens. Geogr. limits. — N. The Noric Alps, in Styria.
8. Western Himalayas, lat. 34°.
E. Western Himalayas, long. 75°.
W. Portugal.
b. Calyx truncatus basi umbilicatns. a. Petala ungnibns exauriculatis.
351. S. MELLiFERA, Boiss. et Beut., Diagn. PI. Nov., p. 8 (1842) ; Willk., Ic. Desc. PI. Nov. Hisp., i. (1853) p. 63, t. 46 ; Bohrb., Monogr., p. 215.
8. nevadensis cum qu& 8» mellifera saspe oonf usa fuerat, ab e& differt floribus erectis, calycis ore non conatricto, petalis
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170 MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THK GENUS SILENE.
ntrinque acate auriculatis, capsuled cam carpophore proportione, seminnm form&.
Oeogr. limits, — N. Sierra de Toledo, in prov. of New Castile. S, and E. Algeria ; slopes of Mt. Atlas, above
Blidah. W. Serra Monchiqne, in Portugal.
352. SiLENE CATHOLICA, Ait,^ Hort. Keio, ed. 11. iii. (1812) p. 85 ; Beichb,^ Ic, Fl, Germ, Heh,, n. 5103 ; Bohrb.y Monogr., p. 215.
Adde Syn. S. Campelli, Sang., FL Bom. Prodr, Alt, p. 770, t. 7.
Bohrbach gives the environs of Paris as the northern limit of the species, but here it can only be considered a casual introduction. He also gives Aragon as the western limit, but the Spanish specimens are to be referred to S. italica. The claws of the petals, unlike those of the preceding species, are slightly exserted from the calyx.
Oeogr. limits. — N. Proy. of Ekaterinoslav, in S. Russia. E. Crimea. S. Calabria {Tenore). W. Near Rome.
353. S. NiYEA, Otth, in BO. Prodr., i. p. 377 ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 236.
Caulis erectus laxus, simplex, glaber vel vix puberulus. Folia numerosa, elongato-lanceolata, vel lanceolata, acuminata, margine minatissime serrulato-scabrida, superiora cum bracteis herbaceis paullatim minora. Flores pauci, laxe dichotomi, longissime pedicellati. Calyx oblongo-tubulosus glaber, nervis anastomosantibus, dentibus ovatis obtusis, late albo-margi- natis, glabris. Petal a alba, uDguibus longe exsertis, obovato- cuneata, bifida, lobis late ovatis, appendicibus parvis obtusis. Capsula subglobosa, carpophorum sequans. Semina dorso canaliculata.
Geogr. limits. — 8, Illinois.
E. Pennsylvania.
N. Minnesota 1 (MacMiUan, Metasp. Minnes.
W. Iowa J Valley, p. 220 [1892]).
354. S. STELLATA, Ait., Hort. Kew, ed. II. iii. (1812) p. 84 ; Sims, Bot. Mag.f t. 1107 (Cucubalus) ; Bohrb,, Monogr. p. 216.
Geogr. limits. — N. Canada. E. Massachusetts.
S. Georgia. W. Texas.
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MR. P. N. WILLUMS ON THE OKNUS SILENB. 171
355. SiLENB NUTANS, Linn., 8p, Plant, ed. I. p. 417 ; Byrne, Eng. Botany, ed. III. ii. p. 64, t. 207 ; Eohrb., Monogr., p. 216.
Ex syn, S. longicilia, est species propria.
Adde syn, S. insnbrica, Oaud,, Fl. Velvet., iii. p. 173.
S. viridella. Link, Handh,, ii. p. 242.
S. enprea, Beichh,, Ic. Fl. Oerm, Helv,, iii. p. 52.
/?. FiLiFORMis, Lange in Kjoeh. Vidensk, Meddel. 1865 (1866), p. 113; Wtllk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 665.
Canles tennes, atro-pnrpurascentes. Folia radicalia, glabra, obscure viridia. Podicelli elongati, filiformes, erecti, apice inclinati. Calyx 6 mm. (non 10 mm.) longus, striis nigrescen. tibus. Petala lateolo-alba.
Apparenilj a form intermediate between S. nutans and S, italica with luboemuous flowers.
7. DUBiA, Herhich, Fl. Bucov,, p. 388 (sp.). Pili breviores recurvi nee stricti. Flores minores, petalis yiridi-luteis. Capsala carpopborum qninquies superans. Qeogr. area. — N. and E. Arctic Siberia. 8. and W. Canary Isles.
356. S. LONGICILIA, Otth, in DG, Prodr., i. p. 377. CaBspitosa, mnlticanlis. Canlis erectns aut interdam obliqnns,
infeme pnbescens, et obscure purpurascens, supeme glaber et viscosus, geniculatus, infeme usque ad apicem ramosus, ram is patentibus dicbotomis. Folia subpuberula, infcrioria oblan- ceolata, rel obovato-spatbulata, obtusa vel acuta, non scabra, inferne in petiolum longum attenuata, marginatim lanuginoso- ciliata, snperiora lineari-lanceolata, acuta, sessilia; bracteaa parrsB ovataB acut® albo-marginatsB ciliataB. Flores laxi dicbo- tome paniculati, ad apices ramulorum temi. Calyx clavatus glabriusculuH, striis viridibus supeme anastomosantibus, dentibns ovatis, obtosinsculis, albo-marginatis. Petala supra albida, subtus purpurascentia, unguibus exsertis, bipartita lobis cuneatis, fauce bicallosa. Capsula ovato-conica, carpo- pborum 4-plo superans. Semina parva, reniformia, dorso canaliculata, faciebus plana, granulata.
A 8. nutante diversa, magis caespitosa et dicbotome ramosa, foliis radicalibus non scabris, basi longe lanuginoso-ciliatis, floribus plus minus laxis, petalis fauce bicallosis, nee lamellatis.
Syn. Cucubalus longicilius, Brot., Fl. Lusit., ii. (1804) p. 180.
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172 MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THl GENUS SILENB.
fiiotero, in his original description, oompares the species with S, nutans, and notes the points of difference.
Hob. Central Portugal.
367. SiLENE VELUTiNOiDES, Pomel, Nouv. Mat Fl, Atlant, p. 208 ; Oo88., Ulusir, Fl. Atlanty fasc. iv. (1890) p. 148, t. 96.
Velntino-subtomentosa. Caules florigeri inf rarosnlares adscen- dentes rarius e recti, plurifoliati, simplices, infra racemnm ramosam snpeme glanduloso-viscosi. Folia inferiora obovata vel oblonga, callo mncronata, in petdolam attennata, ntrinqne yelntino - snbtomentosa, caulina minora ; bracteas lanceolato- lineares condnplicato-snbinyolntse, cum pedicellis et caljcibus glanduloso-pubescentes. Flores breviter pedicellati, in cjmnlas 3-5-flora8, nonnunqaam ad florem terminalem redactas conferti, cjmiis saDpins in panicnlam generalem angnstam racemiformem dispoflitis. Calyx 8-10 mm. longns, tnbnloso-infondibnli- formis, fructifer snpeme dilatatns, apice hand constrictns, albido-virescens, striis snpeme anastomosantibns, dentibas ovato-triangularibns, acntiuscnlis, late albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala intns alba extns viridnli-pnrpnrascentia, bipartita lobis linearibus, bicallosa. Capsnla ovata, carpophornm birtnlnm bis snperans. Semina compressa, faciebns plana striata, dorso obtnse caDalicnlata ibiqne tnbercnlata.
A 8. nutante di versa, candice crasso snberoso-snblignoso, foliomm emarcidomm vestigiis snpeme sqnamato, pnbe totins planted velutino-snbtomentos^, canlibns infra rosnlas foliomm radicalinm, non e centro rosnlamm enatis, peialis fance bical- losis, stipite capsnlsB longitndinem dimidiam snbsBqnante.
Hah. Algeria.
/3. Petala nngnibns anricalatis.
358. S. OTODONTA, Franch. in Bull, Soc, Bot, France, xxxiii. (1886) p. 426.
Canlis eiectns, ramosns, pnbemlus, foliosns. Folia breviter petiolata, e basi attennata, ovato-lanceolata, mncronnlata, snbtns ad nervnm nnno parce pnbescentia, margine eiliolata, ceteriim glabra; bractecB et bracteolse breves, lineares, acntes, cinereo- pnbescentes, margine ssepins membranacese. Inflorescentiad rami elongati, paniculato-corjmbosi, cymis 4-7-floris ; pedicellis caljcibusqne pabescentibns. Calyx 12-15 mm. longns, cam- pannlatas, dentibns ovatis mncronatis, margine membranaceis,
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENB. 173
Bsapins pnrpnreo-tinctis, dliolatis. Petala pallide rosea, unguibus exsertis, bifida, lobis linearibus, appendicibus binis, lanceolato- linearibas, acntis. Capsula ovato-conica, carpophoro 3-4-plo longior. Semina reniformia, undiqae toberculata, dorso plana.
8, nutantis habitas, diversa autem f oliis mucronulatis latioribas efc nuraerosioribns, petalomm form4.
Hah. China ; prov. of Yun-nan.
359. SiLENE SPALDiNOn, 8. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad.y x. (1875) p. 344 ; B, L. Eohinson^ in Proc, Amer. Acad,, xxviii. (1893) p. 146.
Caalis erectns, foliosns, toraentosas, simplex vel ramosus, supeme glanduloso-viscosas. Folia inferiora oblongo-lanceolata, acatiascnla, saperiora lanceolata, acnta. Flores in panicnlam breyem strictam racemosam dispositi. Calyx subherbacens, oblongo-cylindricu8,fructifer obconicus, nervis anastomosantibus, dentibns ovato-triangxJaribus, acutiusculis, ciliolatis. Petala viridi-albida, nnguibus panllum exsertis, laming bidentat^ breviter triangulari, appendicibus 4-partiti8, parvis, lanceolatis, obtusis. Capsula ovato-oblonga, breviter stipitata.
Hab, On the Clear Water, Central Idaho ; and on the Lumnaha, Union Co., Oregon.
360. S. GALATJiA, Boiss,, Fl, Orient,, suppl, p. 103 (1888). Caules adscendentes, flexuosi, tenues, saepe ramulosi. Folia
oblongo-rhombea, breviter petiolata, apice abrupte acuminata, breviter velutino-puberula ; bractess lineares vel setacese, breves. Panicula elongata, laxa paucifloi'a ; floribus longe pedicellatis. Calyx scaber, rubellus, cylindrico-conicus, fmctifer clavatus, sub capsuld, constrictus, dentibus alternatim ovatis obtusis, triangularibus acutis. Petala livida, bifida, appendicibus truncatis, erosnlis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro sesquilongior. Semina tuberculata, faciebus subconcava.
A 8, nutante eximie distincta, foliis abrupte acuminatis, caulis et pedicel lorum gracilitate, carpophoro bis longiore.
Hah, Cyprus, near Galata.
SeTeral more species hare been described, which are referred to the 8, nutans group, but which are scarcely to be differentiated from the type itself and are best included in it. The list of synonyms following Rohrboch's description is Tery formidable, and implies that he considered the species as of a polymorphic type.
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174 MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Series 9. Italicce, Floras erecti. Ungues glabri vel ciliatuli, filamenta glabra. A. Ungues ciliatuli.
361. SiLENE SPLENDENS, Boiss.y Fl. Orient, i. p. 631 ; Bohrh,, Monogr.y p. 218.
Proximaa affinis, sed distincta seminibus dimidio minoribus rugoso-tuberculatis, dorso planis.
Described bj Boissier from specimens collected bj Balansa and distri- buted bj him in 1857, not in 1847, ns stated bj Boissier in his original description.
Hah, Near Uscbak, in Anatolia.
362. S. ITALICA, Fers,, Syn. PL, i. p. 498 (1805) ; Beichh.y Ic. FL Germ. Helv., n. 5110 ; Boh/rb., Monogr,, p. 218.
Ex syn, S. insubrica = S. nutans ; S. livida = S. viridiflora ; S. pilosa, est var. propria ; S. sicula, est yar. propria. Var. p, floccosa = S. nemoralis, Waldst, et Kit, Adde syn, S. nemoralis (non Waldst, et Kit,), Maly, Enum. PI, Imp, Austr., p. 306. S. catholica (non Ait,), Willk, in Flora, xxxiv. (1851) p. 600.
p, PILOSA, Spreng, (sp.), Syst, Veget,, ii. p. 411 ; Waldst. et Kit, Plant, Bar, Hung,, iii. (1812) p. 277, t. 248 (Cucubalus mollissimus).
Folia andnlata pilis densissimis tomentoso-glauca. Syn, Cucubalus pilosus, Willd., Enum, Hort. Berol., p. 471 (1809). C. mollissimus, Waldst et Kit,, Plant Bar, Hung, iii.
(1812), p. 277, t. 248. Viscago pilosa, Homem,, Hort, Hafn., i. p. 410. V. mollissima, Homem,, l,c, S. mollissima, BG, Prodr,, i. (1824) p. 382. S. nemoralis var, platypetala, Griseb., Spicil, Fl, Bumel,
Bithyn.j i, p. 173. Cucubalus undulatus, Kit, in WiUd, Herb,, n. 8593, Bohrb,, l,c,, p. 219.
7. SICULA, Presl. (sp.), Fl. Sicula, p. 115 (1826); Arcang,, 0(ynvp, Fl, Ital,, p. 93 ; Tanfani, in Pari, Fl, Italiana, ix. (1892) p. 422.
Planta humilior 1-3-flora, floribus mbris.
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ME. r. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 175
8yn, S. CfiBsia, Jan^ Elench. PL, p. 7. S. nebrodensis., Jan, Ix. S. italica var, hnmilis, Tenore, SylL, p. 216. S. italica var, montana, Ouss,, FL Siculce Prodr., i. p. 504. S. italica vwr, panciflora, Gttis., I.e., p. 489, S. panciflora (non Salzm,), Tomah,, FL Aetnea, p. 161 (1889-90).
5. ATHOA, HaZdcsy, in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., xlii. (1892) p. 368. Oeogr. limits, — N. Between Dartford and Darenth, in Kent.
S. Algeria.
E. Asterabad, in prov. of Khorassan, Persia.
W. Portugal.
This species was found at Dorer in 1825 bj Feete, who described it as a new species under the name of S. patens^ and cited as a synonym Cucubalus vt9C09uSf Huds. (not Linn., which » Melandryum viscaaum, Celak. [1868]). He was at first inclined to refer the specimens to S. paradoxa, a species then known from Dauphinj, but which has since been found in Luxemburg. I haye examined fresh specimens from Hythe; according to Syme (*£ngl. Botany/ ed. III. toI. ii. p. 66), it has also been found on Salisbury Crags, near Edinburgh ; but this record has not been verified.
363. SiLENB PSEUD0-NUTAN8, Pand,, Addit FL Serb., p. 116; Velen., Fl. Bulgarica, p. 63.
Ganles c«3Spitosi, erecti, a medio in ramos tennes divisi, infeme dense pnbescentes, snpeme viscidi. Folia inferiorn spathulata, in petiolam attennata, canlina dimorpha, linearia, basi tenniora, rigida, f alcato-recarva ; bractesB minimsB, lineares, snmmaB ovato-inflatse. Flores solitani vel ad 2-3 fascicniati. pedieellis caljci sabseqnilongis. Calyx tennis, fmctifer infra capsulam constrictns, sparse glandnlosns, dentibns triangnlari- ovatis, albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala Inteo-alba, bifida, nngnibns anricalatis dente obtnso. Capsnla ovoideo-oblonga, carpophoro 3.plo longior. Semina grannlata.
Praeoedenti affinis, sed in 8. italica — canles simplices vel ramosi infeme tomentello-canescentes, flores in racemo pins minns oomposito rar6 in racemo simplici paucifloro, capsnla carpophomm snbaBqaans vel nsque dnplo longior.
Hah. Serria, N. Bulgaria, and Eastern Bonmelia.
364. S. NEMOBALis, Waldst. et Kit., Plant. Bar. Hung., iii. (1812) p. 277, t. 249 ; Ficin. in Zeitschr. Natur. HeiUc., i. t. i. (Gncnbalns floocosos) ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 220 (S. italica var. floccosa).
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176 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Gatdes ceaspitosi, erecti, ssepins simplices, infeme cano-hirsiiti, snpeme viscidi. Folia scabriuscnla pilis brevissimis canescentia, inferiora oyato-rotnindata, spathulata, ondulata, apicnlata, in petdolnm barbato - ciliatnm angostata, superiora sessilia demum lanceolata; bractesB lineari-subnlatca, dense ciliatae. Floras in panicnlft erects, mnltiflorft, ramis inferioribns 5-flori8, snperioribus dichotome trifloris, flore intermedio breviter pedicellato. Calyx clavatus, tmncatus, pubescens, striis anastomosantibns pnrpnrascentibas, dentibns brevibns, obtosis, ciliatis. Petala alba, nngoibns ezsertis, bipartita, lobis lineari- oblongis, appendicibns bifidis. Capsnla ovaia, carpopboro panllnm brevior. Semina dorso leviter canalicalata, faciebns plana rugaloso-tubercnlata.
/3. PEDEMONTANA, Bumat et Barheyy Not, Voy, Bot. Bat JTwp., p. 53 (1882).
Planta major, 75 centim. alt., canlibns semper ramosis, snpeme snbglabris. Folia canlina snperiora acuminata. Calyx inter strias glaber, striis mbellis vel pnrpnrascentibns scabro- pnberulis.
Hdb. Val Pesio, near Gias Serpentera.
7, CRASSICAULI8, Willh, et Costa (sp.) in Linncea, xxx. (1859) p. 91 ; Bum, et Barb,, Not, Voy, Bot, Bal, Hisp,, p. 53 (1882) ; Bull Herb, Botes., i. (1893) App. ii.
Stirps gigantea, stolonifera, moUiter pnbernla. Calyx oblongo- olavatos. Petala latescentia ecoronata biloba. Oeogr, limits, — Central Europe.
N. Saxony; near Dresden.
8. Servia.
E. Transylvania.
W, Catalonia (var, 7).
365. SiLENE SFINE8CENS, Stbth, et 8m,, Fl. Onvc. Prodr., i. p. 299 ; Fl, Qrceca, v. p. 22, t. 431 ; Uohrb,, Monogr., p. 220.
Ex 8. italicoi aflflnitate, differt antem canlibns snffmtescen- tibus ramos steriles rigidos edentibns, foliis, calyce breviore, striis supeme tantnm yenosis, totoqne habitn.
Geogr, area. — Greece.
366. S. Tanakje, Maxim, in Bull, Imp, Acad. Fetersb., xxxii. (1888) p. 481.
Snffruticosa a basi ramosissima, ramis omnibus longiusculip,
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plerisqne foliosis sterilibus, panels elongatis floriferis, internodiis glabris. Folia minute puberula, canliculorum sterilinm crebra, elliptico-spathnlatck, feridlium remota, lanceolato-spathulata ; omnia in petiolnm brevem basi ciliafcnm attennata. Inflores- centisB rami primarii triflori ; braetese lanceolataB ; pedicelli calyei saqnilongi. Calyx cylindrions nmbilicatus pnbemlns, dentibns ovatis villoso-ciliatis. Petala purpurea, cuneata, emarginata, unguibus ezauriculatis vix exsertis, appendicibuR brevibus. Ovarium carpophoram SBquans.
Planta suffmticosa habitu melius cum S. struthioloidi quam cum S, lanceolatd (speciebus Sandvicensibus) conveniens, ad quam posteriorem tamen e characteribus (calyce hujus brevi excepto) accedere videfcur. Priori, a Rohrbach ad " Sclero- calyciu88 '' related, quamvis in desoriptione originali calycis duri nulla mentio facta sit, hsecce ob floris f ormam totumque habitum propior, sed foliorum magnitude potius 8, lanceolatce. Beliquce species hujus divisionis, fere omnes medifcerranesB, rosulas saspius sessiles habcnt et habitu minus similes sunt.
Origiually deeoribed from Bpecimens raised from seed sent by D. Tanaka, which flowered in the St. Petersburg Botanic Ghirdens in October, 1887.
Hah, S. Japan.
367. SiLENE SiEBERi, Fetizl, PugilL Plant Nov. Syr.y p. 8, n. 22, et in Bussegg, Beise^ ii. p. 912, lasus 2 ; Bohrb.y Monogr,, p. 221.
HaBC species et sequens toto habitu et calycis form^ ad seriem ItaliccB^ arti6cialiter autem inflorescentid, ssBpius dichotomy vel alternatim ramulosA ad seriem AuriculatcR accedunt.
Hah, Island of Crete.
B. Ungues glabri. a. Gapsula carpophore sesqui-vel duplo brevier.
368. S. ScHWARZBNBERGERi, Haldcsy, in Denhschr. Math, Naturwiss, GL Akad, Wien (1894), p. 472, cum icone ; et in litt. ab auctore (1895).
Infeme griseo-pubescens, supeme viscidula, basi suffru- tescens. Gaules numerosi, erecti, simplices, bi- vel abortii uniflori. Folia basilaria, parva, obovato-spathulata, mucronata, canlina minima, angaste linearia. Calyx nmbilicatus, etiam sub anthesi elongate -clavatus, viridi-vittatns, pubescens, dentibus ovatis, obtusiusculis, albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. IXXII. N
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178 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OENUS SILENE.
livida, in lobos oblongo-spathulatos bipartita, appendicibus binis, lanceolatis, acntis. Antherad porpnresd. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro sabbrevior.
Yalde affinis S. Sieberi^ a qn& tamen difiPert foliis basilaribaa mncronatis sessilibas, floribns minoribns, nngnibus glabris, et appendicibns binis, acntis.
Hah, Mfc. Pindna, in Thessalj ; on the cliffs of Oxya, 1,500 metres, above KhaUki, just beyond the Turkish frontier in the nome of Trikhala.
369. SiLENB Fbnzlii, Boiss, et Bal., Diagn, PL Nov. Or.^ Ser. II. vi. p. 30 (1859) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 221.
Yalde affinis 8. Stehert, a qu& tamen differt floribos longe pedicellatis, calycis mult5 lougioris striis superne venosis, petalis roseis, unguibns obsolete auricnlatis glabns, lobis obovatis, capsulee cum carpophoro proportione.
Hab, Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia.
The description of the next species in Bohrbach's * Monograph* is incomplete and somewhat inaccurate, as good specimens were not ayailable for examination. It should be placed with 8, FenzUiy and not with 8. ovata. Haying had the opportunity of examining a good series of specimens, I haye thought it beet to draw up a fresh description based upon the material to hand.
.370. S. FoBTDNBi, Vis.y Ind. Hart, Patav. (1847), ex Linnoea, xxiv. (1851) p. 181; Maxim,, Fl. Asice Or, Fragm,, p. 6; Franch., PL David,, p. 47 ; Forbes et HemsL in Joum, Linn. 8oc, (Bat.), xxiii. (1886) p. 65.
Scaberulo-pubescens, basi suffruticosa. Caules numerosi, crecti, apicem versus yiscosi, infeme seepe ramos breves altemos foliosos adscendentes edentes. Folia lineari-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolnm ciliatum attenuata, superiora saape fasciculata, cum bracteis ac prophyllis minoribns linearia. Flores, racemi ramis brevibus cymosis vel unifloris approximatis, breviter pedicellati. Calyx 30-35 mm. longus, elongato-tubulosus, basi truncate umbilicatus, glaber, striis superne anastomosantibus, dentibus ovatis, acntiusculis, late albo-margiuatis, ciliolatis. Petala rosea vel alba, unguibus dente elongato-lineari biauricu- latis, lamin& bipartite, lobis irregulariter plus minus profunde incisis, appendicibus binis, linearibus, crenulatis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro glabro suffulta. Semina tuberoulata, dorso lato obtuse canaliculata, faciebus planiuscula.
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8yn, ? S. sinensis, Hook, in Bosse, Handb. Bhimengari., ed. II. iii. p. 388 (1842). S. fissipetala, Turcz. in Bull, 8oe, NaL Mosc^ xxvii. (1854) pars ii. p. 371. Oeogr. area, — China.
N, Prov. of Che-kiang. 8. Island of Formosa. m. Island of Chusan, off the coast of prov. of
Che-kiang. W, Kin-kiang, in the prov. of Baang-si.
b. Capsnla carpophomm bis terve saperans. a. Petala maltifida.
371. SiLENB OVATA, Pursh, Fl, Amer. 8ept., i. p. 316 (1814) ; B. L, Bohinson, in Proc. Amer, Acad,^ xxviii. (1893) p. 133 ; Bohrh.y Monogr., p. 222.
Adde : Planta glabra vel pnbescens ; petala alba nee palHde rosea.
Qeoqr, limits, — N, Kentucky. E, N. Carolina. 8, Georgia. W, Alabama.
/3. Petala bifida.
372. S. NEYADBNSIS, Boist,, Voy. Bot. Esp,, ii. p. 721 (suppl) ; WillJc,, Ic. Desc, PI, Nov. Hisp,, i. p. 62, t. 46 A ; Bohrh,, Monogr., p. 222.
Diffort a 8, italicd (cai nt varietatem primnm earn Boissier rctalit), floribus minoribos, calyce fmctifero aperto, glabro, neqne apice constricto, pubemlo, petalis acute biauriculatis, capsuled seminumque form&. Oeogr, area. — Spain.
8, and W, Andalusia; Sierra Nevada.
N, Santander, in Old Castile (jSoZc, ex Nym,^
Consp, Fl, Eur,y suppl,, ii. p. 52) . E, Near Horta, in Catalonia (Gotta, AmpL Cat, Oatal. [1873] ).
373. S. BHODOPKA, Janka, Descr, PI. Nov. in TermSsz. Fuz., ii. (1878) 28 ; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl, p. 108.
Pnbescens, viscosa. Caulis erectus, elatus, foliosus, axillis fasciculigeris, supeme valde ramosus, effuse paniculatus. Folia cuneato-spathulata, acuta, in petiolum attenuata, suprema linearia; bractesd ovato-naviculares, obtus89, semi-scariosae.
N 2
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180 MB. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Calyx obconico-tubnlostLS, fmctifer siib capsnl^ consirictns, glaber nmbilicatns, dentibus oyatis, ciliolatis. Petala albida, ecoronata. Gapsnla ovata.
Hah. E. Bumelia; Staminak, near Pbilippopolis.
374. SiLENB Skoepili, Velen., PL Exs, (1889), et ej, FL Bulgarica, p. 64.
Pubescens, viscosa. Caulis erectns, elatus, foliosus, snpeme valde ramoBus. Folia obloDgo-lanceolata, muctonata, sessilia, saprema linearia. Inflorescentisd rami rigidi ; flores ad ramos 3-6-ni fasciculati, rarius rarnis racemiformibus, breviter pedi- cellati. Calyx obloDgo-clavatus membranaceo-coriaceiis, glaber- rimus, yiscidus, brevissime dentatns, fmctifer clavatiis, dentibus triangularibiis, ciliolatis. Petala virentia, nngnibus anguste biauriculatis, laming bifida ecoronata, lobis linearibns. Capsula oblongo-ellipsoidea. Semina minute tnbercnlata.
Hob. Bulgaria.
376. S. Behrii, mihi. Bohrh. (var.) in Linncea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 264.
Basi suffrutescens, infeme puberula, supeme glanduloso- viscida. Caules erecti, simplices, infeme foliosi. Folia acuta, inferiora oblongo-lanceolata, superiora lanceolata, yel lanceo- lato-linearia. Flores laxe paniculati, longe pedicellati. Calyx oblongo-cylindricus, fmctifer infra capsulam constrictus, dentibus reticulato-venosis, triangularibus, acutiusculis, albo- marginatis ciliolatis. Petala rosea, unguibus latis auriculatis, laming oblong^, lobis linearibus extus dente uno acuto auctis, appendicibus binis, oblongis, obtusis, denticulatis. Filamenta inclusa. Capsula ovoidea.
Syn, S. niceeensis, Cham, et Schlecht. in lAnncea, i. (1826) p. 41 (Don AIL). S. verecunda, S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad.y x. (1875) p. 344.
Hab. On rocky hills above Mission Dolores, near San Francisco, California (Behr),
376. S. LUiSANA, 8. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad.y xxiii. (1888) p. 261 ; B. L. Bobinsony Lc.y xxviii. (1893) p. 141.
Puberula, superne viscida. Caules erecti, simplices, infeme foliosi. Folia acuta, inferiora lanceolato-linearia, superiora elongato-linearia. Panicula diffusa, floribus breviter pedi-
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MR. F. N. WILLUM8 ON THE GENUS SILENE. 181
cellatis. Calyx oblongo-clavatus, fructifer clavatus infra capsnlam coDstrictns, dentibus obloDgo-oyatis, aciitis, albo- marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala alba, ungxdbuB aurictdatis, laming oblong4, lobis linearibus, extra dente nno acnto auctis, appendicibus binis, lanceolatis, acutis, denticnlatis. Capsnla snbcylindrica. Semina compressa, dorso graimlata.
Hob. California; San Luis Obispo, Tolon, and monntainB south of Fort Tejon.
377. SiLENE PECTiNATA, iSf. Wots, in Proc.Amer, Acod.^x. (1875) p. 344 ; B. L. Bobtnson, Ic, xxviii. (1893) p. 139.
Basi sufPrutescens, glanduloso-pubescens. Caules erecti, simplices vel ramosi. Folia lanceolata, inferiora acuta, in petiolum laminam sBquantem attenuata, superiora acuminata. Panicula stricta vel dicbotome ramosa, floribus longe pedi- cellatis. Calyx oblongo-tubulosus, fructifer ovatus, dentibua lanceolato-linearibus acutis. Petala rubella vel purpurascentia, profunde bipartita, laminA oblong^, lobis linearibus, appen- dicibus binis, lanceolatis. Capsula ovata.
Lusus 2. Vix viscidula. Caules subsimplices foliis inferi- oribus fere glabris.
8yn, S. pectinata vwr, subnuda, B. L. Bohinson, I.e., p. 140.
Hab. United States ; CaliforDia and Nevada.
378. S. Ltallii, 8. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad,, x. (1875) p. 342 ; B. L, Eobinson, Z.c, xxviii. (1893) p. 144.
Minute puberula, multicaulis, csBspitosa. Caales foliosi, adscendentes. Folia inferiora lineari-lanceolata, acuta, basi attenuata, sabpetiolata. Inflorescentia diffusa; cjmte glandu- loso-pabescentes, dichotomsB paucifloree; pedicelli tenuiter graciles. Calyx ampliato-campanulatus, dentibas triangulari- bus, obtusifl, reticulato-venosis. Petala fusco-purpurea, bifida, lobis late ovatis, appendicibus oblongis, integris. Anthersd purpure®, inclusae. Capsula anguste oblonga.
In some of tiiese species the anthers are often infested with a fungut {U$tilago antherarum), and in consequence enlarge and turn purple.
Hah, Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory, and Sierra Co., California.
379. S. PHRTGU, Buiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 644 ; Bohrh., Monogr,^ p. 223.
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182 MB. p. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENB.
At fiwt Bight tliifl would appear to be an annual, bb the plant has a yery slender root.
Hah. Anatolia.
380. SiLENE EREMiTiCA, Boiss,, Fl, Orient, i. p. 644; Bohrh., Monogr,, p. 223.
Species floribiis minoribus et carpopboio brevi ad seriem Brachypodce accedens, eed ob calycem glabrum hie coUocata.
p. AsTARTES, Bo%88, et Blanche (sp.) in Boiss.y FL Orient., suppL, p. 102.
Folia tomentella, pallide virentia, snrculorum ovato-oblonga in petiolam longum attennata, caalina anguste linearia. Calyx nervis viridibus.
Hah. Prov. of Aderbidjan, in N. Persia; var. p. in the Lebanon (Blanche), and in the Anti-Lebanon {Fost, in Bull., Herh. Boiss., i. [1893] p. 396).
7. Petala integra.
881. S. LANCEOLATA, -4. Gray, Bot. U.S. Expl. Fxped., i. p. Ill, 1. 10 (1854) ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 223. Adde : Calyx evenius, in petiolam attenaatns.
p. ANGUSTiFOLiA, Hillehrand, Fl. Haw. Isl, p. 28. Folia linearia tantnm 2 mm. lata. Hah. Hawaiian Islands.
382. S. Alexandei, Hillehrand, Fl Haw. hi., p. 28 (1883). Canlis erectas, glaber, panllum ramosns. Folia coriacea,
glabra, laneeolata, acuta, ad basin angnstatam ciliata ; bracteee et prophylla linearise ciliatsB, infra pedicellomm medinm. Flores snbpanicnlati, longins pedicellati. Calyx tenniter clava- tns, leviter nmbilicatns, glaber, dentibns ovatis, acntis. Petala alba, onneata, interdnm leviter emarginata, nngnibns exsertis, appendicibns minntis vel nullis. Capsnla ovoidea. Semina tnbercnlata.
Hah. Hawaiian Islands.
c. Capsnla carpophomm seqnans, vel eo 1^-longior. dt. Calyx striis anastomosantibns.
383. S. PAUCiPLORA, Salzm. ex BO. Frodr., i. p. 382 (1824) ; Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. p. 251, t. 16 ; Bohrh., Monogr.^ p. 224.
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ME. F. N. WILLUlfS ON THE OGNCS SILENE. 188
Adde : Platita subsericeo-pnbescens ; striaB calycineB snperDe anastomosantes.
Prffiter alias notas, a 8, italicd et affinibus jam primo aspectn oanlibns differt infrarosalaribus.
Kah, Corsica and Sardinia.
384. SiLENE Salzmanni, Badaro, ex Moretti in Brugnat. Oiom. ix. (1826) p. 78 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 224.
Species 8. italtcce valde affinis, sed characteribus minoribns sat diversa.
Adde syn. S. italica var, Salzmanni, Arcang, Comp, Fl. Ital,^ p. 93.
Oeogr, limits, — N. and W, Coast of liguria, near Noli. 8, Corsica. E, Island of Capraja, in the gulf of Genoa.
385. S. PRUTicosA, Linn,^ 8p. Plant., ed. I. p. 417 ; 8ibth. et 8m., FL OrcBca, v. p. 20, t. 428 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 225.
Adde : BractesB et propbjlla lineariie acnminatee.
Adde syn. S. agrigentina, Loj. in Nat. 8iGtl.j ii. (1883) p. 295.
fi. EOSEA, Tomah., Fl. Aetnea, i. p. 165 (1889). Panicula elata, mnbellata. BractesB lineari-ovatse acntae. Lamina palHde rosea.
Qeogr. limits. — N, Island of Saria, in the Turkish Archi- pelago (to the north of Karpathos), also Island of Kasos. {Major and Barhey, nn. 474, 753, ex Bull, Herb. Boiss., ii. [1894] pp. 242, 333). 8. and E. Cyprus. W, Sicily; near Palermo.
386. S. ROSULATA, 8oy.'WilL et Oodr., Monogr, 8il. Alg&r., p. 50 ; Exped. 8c. Alger. Bot., t. 82 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p. 226.
fi. AMUKENSis, mihi. Pomel, (sp.) Nouv, Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 209.
E basi lignos^ suffi-uticosa. BractesB glabrescentes. Capsula ovoideo-oblonga, pubescens.
Hah. Algeria.
387. S. MOLLissiMA, Pers., 8yn. Plant., i. p. 498 (1805) ; WillJe., Ic. JDesc, PI. Nov. Hisp,, i. p. 59, t. 43 ; Bohrh., Monogr., p.
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184 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
Qeogr. limits. — N, Corsica.
JE7. Sardinia {Lisa [1837], in Herb. Moris.). 8. Algeria. W. Andalusia.
p. Calyx evenins.
388. SiLENE GiBRALTAEiCA, Boiss., JEJlench. Pl.t p. 20 ; Voy. Bot. Esp.y p. 91, fc. 26 A ; Rohrh., Monogr., p. 227.
A 8. mollissimd differt, caulibus supeme glabris viscidis, caljcis striis rabelli^, velatinis, hand anastomosantibns, petal- omm laminA pallida violace^ semilnnari-excis&, seminnm facie- bns leviter concavis.
Adde syn. S. anriculflefolia. Pomelo Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant, p. 332.
Hah. Gibraltar, in fissures of rocks on the east side ; and Serra de Cintra, near Lisbon (Winkler [1876], ex Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 667).
389. S. HiFACENSis, JBot*y, in Willk. Blustr. Fl. Hisp., i. (1885) p. 150, t. 89 ; Prod/r. Fl. Hisp., suppl, p. 282 (1893).
Suffrutescens ; rbizomate vel candice reliquiis petiolorum foliorum emortuomm squamato, foliorum rosulas caulesque floriferos edente. Caulis erectus, robustus, sulcatus, angulatus, aut non nisi cymam terminalem 4-5-fioram umbelliformem, aut cymam terminalem compositam multifloram compactam, et sub e& cymas azillares simplices ferens. Folia leete virentia, spathulato-lanceolata vel obovato-laneeolata, cum caule brac- teisque dense sed brevissime velutina, inferiora in petiolum latum basi vaginantem attenuata, bracteas et propliylla ovato-lanceo- latfiB. Plores speciosi breviter pedicellati. Calyx cylindrico- clavatus, fructifer clavatus, umbilicatus tenuissime puberulus, dentibus sen lobis suborbicularibus, late albo-marginatis, dense ciliatis, sinubus interlobaribus rotundato-excavatis. Petala supra ochroleuca, subtuB purpurascentia, unguibus exsertis, laming late obovatft, bilob&, lobis latis subtruncatis, ecoronata. Capsula ovata rostrata.
a. PSEUDOQiBBALTAEiCA, Bouy, in WiUk. lUustr. Fl. Hisp., i. (1885) p. 150 ; Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppl., p. 282.
Folia rosularum dense congesta spatbulaia obtusa, 3-4 centim. longa. Caulis brevis 8-10 centim. longus, duo solum foliorum paria ferens. Cyma simplex umbelliformis 4-5-flora.
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ME. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 185
p. PABVIFOLIA, Rouy^ II, CO.
Folia rosnlamm minora, valde congesta acntiascTila. Ganles altiores. Cyma panciflora ut in var. (typica) o.
7. PSBUDOVELUTINA, Bouy, II, cc.y 151, 282.
Folia rosularum magna, obovato-oblonga, acuta, 8-12 centim. longa. Canles 25-35 centim. longi, 4-6 foliorum paria, et cjman compositam multifloram terminalem, ssepe etiam cjmas simplices axillares ferentes. Calyx sub anthesi 16-18 mm. longus.
A species oHieflj distinguished from 8. gibraltarica by tbe peculiar structure of the lobes of the oaljx.
Hob, E. Spain, district of Alicante; on Mt. Hifac (Bouy^ 1883), and on tbe promontory of San Antonio, near Denia (Lacaita, 1884).
390. SiLENE PARADOXA, Linn,, 8p. Plant, ed. II. p. 1678 ; Betchh., Ic, Fl. Oerm. Helv., n. 5113 ; Bohrb., Monogr,, p. 225.
/3. MARiTiMA, Beverch., PI Sard, Exs, (1881), n. 180 (ined,).
Folia basilaria latiora in petiolnm brevem attenuata. Flores in racemo multifloro, in pedicellis calyce multo brevioribus Buffulti.
Hab. Sta. Liberata, coast of Sardinia.
In all the specimens I have examined, the nerves of the caljx are simple, and do not anastomose : this is still more evident in the smoother calyx of Tar. /3. I have therefore transferred the species hither from the place assigned to it by Bohrbach.
Oeogr, limits, — N. Near Luxemburg.
S, Greece ; Pylos (Navarino), in the nome of
Messenia. E, Rumelia ; Mt. Chortiasch, near Salonica. W, France ; mountains of Dauphiny.
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Species Exglusj;.*
(Ad genus Mdandryum imprimis referendcD.)
Silene adenantha, Franch., PL Delavay., p. 84 (1889-90).
8. asclepiadeay Franch. in Bull. Soo. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 422. S, (i6pera, A. Br. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 174. 8. Bemardina, S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxiv. (1889)
p. 82. 8. ccespitosa, Bin. at Franch. in Joum. Botaniqne (1891),
p. 22. 8. cardiopetaUiy Franch. in Bull. Sec. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 418. 8. Godi-rosa^ A. Br. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 174. 8. comollina, Ser., Fl. Jard., iii. (1849) p. 337 (hortensis). 8. Belavayiy Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 424. 8. Drummondif Hook, ex Bohrb., Monogr., p. 183. 8, Hoefftiana, Fisch. ex Rohrb., I.e., p. 148. 8. laceray Sims, ex Rohrb., I.e., p. 88. 8, Imta, A. Br. ex Rohrb., I.e., p. 166. 8. lankovgerms^ Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii.
(1886) p. 421. 8. Lemmonii, S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., x. (1875) p. 342. 8. Loiseleurii, Godr. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 166. 8. longistylisj Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxii. (1886)
p. 469. S. melanantha^ Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 429. 8. moniana, S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., x. (1875) p. 343. 8, multifida, Edgew. ex Rohrb., Mongr., p. 205. 8. napuligera, Franch., PI. Delavay., p. 82 (1889-90). 8, nivalis^ Rohrb., Monogr., p. 142.
8. occidentalism S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad., x. (1875) p 343. 8, oregana, S. Wats., I.e. 8. Palmerl, S. Wats, I.e., xi. (1876) p. 124. 8. Parishii, S. Wats., I.e., xvii. (1881-82) p. 366.
* Sapplementu7 onlj to those giren bj Bohrbaoh (' Monogr.,* p. 281).
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MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 187
Silene phoenicodonta, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Prance, xxziii.
(1886) p. 422. S.platyotOy S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xvii. (1881-82)
p. 366. 8. platypetala, Bin. et Franch. in Joum. Botaniqne (1891),
p. 22. 8, plcUyphylla^ Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 419. S.pUcata, S. Wats, in Proc. Amor. Acad., xvii. (1881-82)
p. 866. 8. Potanini, Maxim, in Act. Hort. Petrop., xi. (1890) p. 66. 8. pteroeperma, Maxim., I.e., p. 67. 8. qimdriloha, Tnrcz. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 205. 8. Boyeni, Pers. ex Rohrb., I.e., p. 205. 8, rubicunda^ Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 417. 8. sachdlinensisy F. Schmidt, Reisen Amnrl., p. 116. 8. sarawschanicay Regel et Scbmalh. PL, Nov. Fedtsch., p. 14. 8. BchizolepU^ Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc, xxvii. (1854)
II. p. 370. 8, sccpuhrumy Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 423. 8, 8hockleyi^ S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxv. (1890)
p. 127. 8. 8igeri, Banmg. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 143. 8. si^nulans, Greene, in Pittonia, i. p. 68. 8. 8tracheyiy Edgew. in Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., i. p. 221
(Ftscona). 8. suaveolens, Kar. et Kir. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 206. 8, subdliaiaj Robinson in Proc. Amer. Accul., xxix. (1894)
p. 327. 8. Thurberi, S. Wats., I.e., x. (1876) p. 343. 8. Tilingi, Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop., i. (1871) p. 99. 8. trackyphylla, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886)
p. 417. 8. viscosa^ Pers. ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 205. a. Tancei, Makino, in 111. Fl. Japan, i. (1891) p. 52.
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188 MR. p. N. WILLIAMS ON THE OENUS SILENE.
Species CAKDOLLEANiE. (OHh, in DO. Prodr., vol. i. pp. 367-385.)
In the first volame of the * Prodromus,' Adolph Otth ennmerates 217 species. It will be interesting to go through this list for the purpose of comparing the nomber of good species with the nnmber enumerated in the present revision. Of the 217 there given, 103 are maintained and admitted uuder the same name in the foregoing enumeration as good species. Rather more than half, viz. 114, are to be accounted for by a process of elimination, which is carried out in the following paragraphs.
Three species cannot be satisfactorily identified : — 8. amasna^ Linn., 8. distans, Otth, and 8. IdHfolia, Poir. The last has been referred to 8. iialica, Pers., but the meagre description does not warrant it: 28 are to be referred to other genera, viz., Melandryum (22), Heliosperma (3), aud one each to Ch/psophila, PetrocopHs, and Eudianthe. They are disposed of as follows : —
8. Allamanni, laciniata, mexicana, Modnio/na = Melandryum laciniatum, Bohrb.
8. (mriculata = Melandryum auricnlatum, Bohrb.
8. Baldwynii = Melandryum Baldwini, Bohrb,
S. capensis, omata, undvlata = Melandryum omatum, Aschers.
8. Oatesbm, virginica = Melandryum virginicum, A. Br.
8. pennsylvanica, platypetcUa = Melandryum pennsylvani- cum, Bohrb.
8. indA,ca = Melandryum indicum, Walp.
8. lanuginosa = Melandryum lanuginosum, Bohrb.
8. lacera = Melandryum lacerum, mihi (near M. Eliza- bethsa).
8. noctifiora = Melandryum noctiflorum, Fries.
8. regia = Melandryum iUinoense, Bohrb.
8. Bequieni = Melandryum Bequieni, Bohrb.
8. rotundifolia = Melandryum rotundifolium, Rohrb.
8. Siegeri = Melandryum nivale, Nym.
8. viscosa = Melandryum viscosum, Gelak.
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MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THE 0ENU8 SILENB. 189
Silene dlpegtris^ quadridentata, viscida = Heliosperma
alpestre, Beichb. 8. polygonoides = Grypsophila hirsata, Spreng, 8, glaucifolia = Petrocoptis pyrenaica, A» Br. 8, rugosa = Eudianthe G(Bli-rosa, Beichb.
Three names have been changed : —
8. Atocioriy Murr. = S. eegypfciaca, Linn. f. 8. caryophylloides, Otth = S. stentoria, Fenzl. 8. tridentata, Desf. = S. calycina, Salzm.
The species, to the unmber of 80, which form the remainder, are either reduced to varieties or become ordinary synonyms of other species of the genus. They are as follows (as far as may be, in the order given by Otth) : —
8. Goulteriana = S. inflata.
8. graminifolia, viscaginoides, jeniseens^^, tenuifolia = S.
tenuis. 8. ohlongifoliay diveraifoUa^ crispa = S. rubella. 8. gypsophila =: S. repens. 8. hlspanica = S. littorea.
8. camosa, inclusa, nyctamtha^ piuguis = S. noctuma. S. angustifolia, linearifolia = S. petraBa. 8. wolgensis, parvijiora, effusa = S. Otites. 8. verticillata = S. spergulitblia. 8. elata = S. chlorantha. 8. ruthenica = S. tatarica. 8. invduta = S. pruinosa ? ? 8. cylindriflora = S. conoidea.
8. anglica, ItfMtanicay quinquevulnera, sciotica = S. gallica. 8. coa/rctata = S. calycina. 8. ocymouies, patula = S. italica. 8. hirsutissiTnay laxiflora^ sahuleiorum = S. hirsuta. 8. micranthay cheiranthifolia = S. micropetala. 8. canariensis = S. mogadorensis. 8. setacea = S. discolor. S. hispida, hellidifolia = S. vespertina. S. canescensy Oliverianay diffusa^ puhescens = S. sericea. S. decumbens = S. procumbens. S. dianthifolia :s S. altaica.
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190 MB. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
8Uene tbericay sessiliflora = S. dicbotoma.
S. velutinay ScUzmannt, tamentosa = S. mollissima.
8, colorata, gemintflora = S. obtusifolia.
8. gracilis = S. longioanlis.
8. secundiflora = S. glanca.
8. viscosissima^ leucophcea = S. nicfleensis.
8. grata = S. reticulata,
8. lychnidiflora = S. cretica.
8. Unifolia, cemtuiy costata, arena/rioides = S. clandestina.
8. JUtformis, picta = S. jnncea.
8. parvifolia = S. disticha.
8. petrcea = S. Saxifraga.
8. qtiadrijiday ruhens = S. nutans.
8, spathdata = S. pygmsBa.
8, glauca = S. crassipes.
8. Corsica = S. saccalenta.
8, bicolor, polyphylla = S. portensis.
8, Kaulfussii = S. rupestris ?
8. ramosa = S. sedoides.
8. cana, paniculata = S. nemorallB. '
8. linoides = S. linifolia.
8. perfoliata = S. chlorssfolia.
This disposes of the 114 names not kept np as species ; those maintained will be found in tlie Index.
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MR. F. N. WILLUMS ON THB QENUS SILENU.
191
INDEX.
The following index consists of two sets of names arranged in a single alphabetical series : — (I) The names of the 390 admitted species enumerated in the foregoing Bevision, each name being followed by the date of publica- tion and its number in the list ; and (2) Synonyms supplementary to those given by Bohrbach, or incorrectly given by him, each name being followed by the name of the species to which it is reduced.
acaulis, Linn. (1762), 171. aoutifolia, Rohrb, (1868), 166. adscendens, Lag. (1816), 82. ad^tta^ Ball (mogEidorensis). sDgyptiaca, Linn.f. (1781), 205. €rtMopiea, Burm. f. (?? Burchellii). atolica, Heldr. (Ungeri). afiFghanica, Bohrb, (1867), 338. affinis, Boifs. (1864), 61. offrestinGf Jord. & Fourr. (eallica). agriffentina, Loj. (frutieosa)- Akinfijewi, SchmoLh. (1892), 8. Alexandri, EilUh. (1883), 382. Almoltt, J, Gay (1850), 238. aJpettriSy Willd. (rupestris^. alpina, S. F. Gray (acaulis). altalca. Pert, (1806), 800. amana, Boiss. (1867), 349. ammophila,Boif«. fSeldr. (1849) , 31. amana. Hill (mantima). amana, Huds. (inflata). amphorina, Pomel (1874), 40. ampullata, Boiss. (1842), 19. amurensU, Pomel (rosulata) . andryalafolia, Pomel (1874), 318. anglica, Linn, (gallica). anguiiifoUa, D. Dietr. (dandestina). anUoloha, Schrenk (Montbretiana). Antelopumy Steud. (inflata). antiochicha, Freyn (squamigera). antirrhina, Linn, (1753), 235. aniirrhina, Ottb (rubella). apetala, Ghrovet , Fl. Terr, (nocturna
var. a). apetala, Groves, Contrib. (nocturna
var, p). apetahi, Willd, (1799), 89. apnea, Turct, (1836), 345. arabica, Williams (1896), 70. araxina, Trautv. (1875), 7. arenota, Koch (1841), 223. argaea, Fisch. S( Meg. (1854), 105. or gent ea, Ledeb. (cappadocica). argiUosa, Munbg (1864), 204. arguta, Fenel (1842), 148. Arintidis, Pomel (1874), 308. armena, Boist. (1842), 268.
armeniaoa, Bohrb. (pruinosa). Armeria, Asso (rubella). Armeria, Idnn. (1753). 188. articulaia, Viv. (gallica). arvensis, Lose, (muscipula). aepetrfolia, Freyn (longipetala). aeevriaoa, Haussk. & Bomm.
(crassipes). Astartes, "BoIbb, & Blanche (ere-
mitica). Asterias, Oriseb. (1843), 191. atlantioa, Coef, Sf Dw, (1855), 92. atooia. Lag. (sgyptiaoa). atocioides, Boiu, (1844), 207. Aucheriana, Boise, (1842), 155. awriculafolia, Pomel (gibraltarica). ayromana, Boiet, Sf Sauetk. (1888),
255. baiealeneie, Turci. (tenuis). Balans», Boise. (1859), 270. Barbeyana, Heldr. MS8., ap, Boies, (1888), 160.
Basiardi, Bor. (maritima).
Baumgarteni, Schott Sr Kotschy (1868), 172.
Behen, L%nn. (1753), 243.
Behrii, Bohrb, (1869), 876.
Bergiana, Undm. (1891), 201.
Biafrw, Hook,f, (1864), 95.
biappAidiculatatX^hrenh. (canopica).
bohemiea, Jord. & Fourr. (gallica).
Boissieri, J. Qay (1850), ^87.
Boissieri, Tineo (sericea).
Borderi, Jord. (elegans).
Bommuel]eri, Freyn (1891), 333.
Boryi, Boies, (1838), 127.
BouUui, Jord. (nocturna).
braohyantha, Schur (inflata).
brachycarpa, Boiss. <$• Bal, (1869), 336.
brachypetala. Bob. Sc Cast. (1816) , 64.
brachystachys, Webb (sAtacea).
brahuica, Boiss, (1867), 298.
brevicaulis, Boiss. (1842), 126.
brevistipes, Williams (1896), 62.
Bridffcsi, Bohrb, (1867), 827.
Brotherana, Somm. ^ Lev. (1893), 5.
Digitized by
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192
MB. v. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENB.
hryoideSf Jord. (aoaulis). bupleuroidesi Linn, (1758), 254. BurohelUi, Otlh (1824), 96. bunnanica, Coll. ^ SemsL (1800),
145. cfesarea, Baiu, Sr Bal. (1859), 265. Offida, Sihth. 4r Sm. (1806), 17. csspitosa, Stev. (1812), 187. calycina, Salzm. (1868), 51. Campanula, Lapeyr. (elegans). Oampanula, Fert. (1805), 158. oampanulata, 8. Wats. (1875), 80. CampeUif Sang, (catholioa). Campoiy Lose, (elegans). canariensUf Otth (mogadorenais). oanariensis, Willd. (1822), 308. candicans, Celak, (1876), 6. canopica, Sous, (1867), 68. cantabrica, Jord. & Fourr. (gallioa). oapiUipes, Boitt, Sf RMr, (1856),
157. capitellata, BoUt, (1842), 815. cappadooica, Boist, 4* J^Ttf^dr. (1849),
837. caramanioa, BoUi. ^ Reldr. (1849),
256. oariensis, Boist, (1842), 220. caryophylloidesy Otth (stentoria). caspioa. Pert, (1805), 292. coiiia, Boiss. (KotschTi). catbolica, Alton (1812), 852. oatholicay Willk. (italica). oaucasica, Bunge (1837), 129. cephalantba, BoUs. (1867), 311. cephalenia, Heldr, (1883), 824. cerastioides, Linn, (1758), 50. cbsetodonta, Boiss. (1842), 225. chirenris. Barb, (arabica). chirensifl. Rich, (1847), 71. cblor»folia. Smith (1789), 262. cblorantba, J^ArA. (1792), 277. chloropetala, Rupr. (longipetala). Cboulettei, Cost, (1862), 93. dliata, Pourr, (1788), 101. cinerea, Dwf. (1798), 193. drtensis, Pomel (1874), 195. cisplatensis, Cambess. (1885), 76. citrina, Boiss. (1888), 309. clandestina, Jacq. (1796), 78. clavata, Rohrb. (multicaulis). coarctata^ Lag. (caljcina). colorata^ Poir. (sericea). oommelineBfolia, Boiss. (1842), 122. commuta, Bert, (maritima). commutata, Ouss, (1827), 26. comollina^ Ser. (hortensis). compacta, Ftsch. (1812), 189. conj^esta. Sibth. Sf Sm. (1806), 326. (•x>nica, Linn. (1753), 37. coniflora, Nees (1824), 32.
conoidea, Linn, (1758), 88. cordata, Link (oordifolia). cordifoUa, AU. (1785), 169. corinthiaca, Boiss. & Heldr.
(Kotschyi). oorrugeUa, Ball (mogadorensis). Corsica, Sang, (pendula). crassioaulis, Wulk. & Costa (nemo-
rails). crassi/olia, Bartl. (Burcbellii). crassifolia, Linn, (1762), 98. crassifolia, Thunb. (Burcbellii). crassipes, Fenzl (1842), 246. cretacea, Fisch, (1826), 146. oretica, Linn. (1758), 232. cruentata, Jord. &. Fourr. (gallioa). crjptopetala, RilUb, (1888), 184. Cserei, Baumg. (1816), 27. Cierei, Scbur (inflata). Cucubalusy Wibel (inflata). cuprea, Reiobb. (nutans). daghestanioa, Rupr. (saxatilis). debilis, Stapf (chsetodonta). decipiens. Ball (noctuma). decipiens, 5arr. (1879), 90. decumbenSf Biv. (sericea). delicatulof Bert, (sedoides). delicatula, Boi««. (1842), 209. depressa, fiitf^. (1808), 188. diantbifolia,^. Gay (1850), 114. diantboidcs, Pers. (1805), 812. dicbotoma, Bhrk, (1792), 44. dichotoma, Sibth. & Sm. (raoemota). Dilleniana, Schott (oretica). dinarica, Spreng. (Baumga^rteni). discolor, Sibth. <J* Sm. (1806), 79. distachgat Brot. (sericea). disticha, Willd. (1809), 47. diyaricata, Clem. (1806), 199. divaricatay Sibth. & Sm. (raoemosa). Dorrii, Kell. (Menziesii). Douglasu, ^ooAr. (1838), 281. Drummondiy Torr, & Gray
(Douglasii). DrummondUy A. Gray (Scouleri). ecbinata, O^M (1824), 250. echinospermu, Boiss. ^ Heldr. (1S4Q),
214. echinus, Bous. 4- Heldr. (1856), 110. Ehrenbergiana, Rolirb. (longipetala). elegans. Link (1804), 100. EngeUnanni, Rohrb. (Bridgesi). eremitica, Boiss. (1867), 380. eremophila, Bien. (sericea). eriocalyoina, Boiss. (1842), 291. eriophoray Willd. (sericea). ergsimifolia, Stapf (persica). euxina^ Rupr. (dichotoma). exaltata, Nees (sericea). fabana, Sibth. i^Sm. (18O6), 11.
Digitized by
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MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENB.
193
fabarioides, Hau9»Jc. (1893), 16. falcata, Sibtk, ^ 8m. (1806). 103. Falooneriana, RoyU (1839), 821. Fenzlii, Boits, ^ Bal. (1859), 869. filipes, FreynSf8int. (1895), 162. fimbriata, i9im« (1806), 29. ^rma,Sieb. k Zuco. (aprica). firmula, Herb. Lugd. Bat. (aprica). fianpetala^ Turcz. (Fortune!), flammulffifolia, 8Uud. (1847), 177. flavesceiw, Waldtt, Sc Kit (1804),
175. foBtida, Link (1826), 167. foliosa, Maxim. (1859), 279. foliosa, Regel (macros tj la). Fortune!, Vis, (1847), 370. Friwaldzkyana, JTampe (1837), 253. fruticosa, Linn. (1753), 885. fruticulosa^ Dietr. (caspica). fruticulosa, Sieb. (1824), 161. fuscata, Link (1804), 197. galatsea, Boiss. (1888), 360. gallica, Grores (noctuma). gallica, Linn. (1753), 48. Gebleriana, 8ckrenk (1841), 822. genistifolia, Ralacsy (1892), 286. getula^ Pamel (maroccana). gibraltarica, Boiss. (1838), 388. gigantea, Linn. (1753), 325. Giraldii, Ow<8. (1855), 49. glttbresceng, Cou. (1890), 87. glandulosa^ Hampe (plutonica). glareosa, Jord. (1851), 24. glauca, Pourr. (1803), 86. goniocaula, Boits. (1842), 290. gonocalyx, Boitt. (1842), 247. graciUima, Rohrh. (1870), 150. greeca, B<n8S. Sc 8prun. (1842), 43. grandiflora, Franch. (1886), 284. Grayi, 8. Wats. (1879). 119. grisea, Boiss. (1849), 173. Ouicciardiif fioiss. et Heldr.
(Marschalli). gifmnotheca^ Pane, (fruticulosa). Haenkeanat Preslf (gallica). HaUii, S. Wats. (Scouleri). HauBsknechtu, Held, (1885, 1893),
230. Heldreiohii, Boiss. (1849), 67. Hellmannif Glaus (Otites). RerminUy Welw. (fcetida). heterodonta, Williams (1896), 135. hifacensis, Rouy (1885), 889. hirsuta, Lag. (1805), 57. hirsuia, Schousb. (disticha). hirticaljx, Boiss, 4" Eaussk, (1888),
293. hispanica, Jacq. (sericea). hispida, Willd. (disticha). hispidtty Salzm. (hirsuta).
Hochstetteri, Bohrh. (1867), 94. bolopetala, Bunge (1834), 319. Hoizmanni, Reldr, (1888), 244. humilU, C,A,Mey. (1831), 117. Hussoni, Boiss. (1849), 212. imbricata, Desf. (1798), 77. inaperta, Linn. (1753), 231. inaperta, Linn. herb, (multicaulis). incompta, A. Gray (firidgesi). iacurrifolia, Kar.S^Kir, (1841), 165. infidelium, Post (1895), 147. inflata, 8mith (1800), 25. insuhrica^ Gaud, (nutans), insularis, Barhey (1885), 210. integripetala, Bory S( Chaub. (1882),
221. intricata. Post (1895), 219. intrusa, Wight ^Arn. (1834), 102. italica, Pers. (1805), 362. italicay Poll, (nutans), japonica, Rohrb, (1870), 181. jucuttda, Jord. & Fourr. (fl;allica). juncea, Sibth. j- 8m. (1806), 215. juYenalis, Delile (1836), 34. khaeiana, RoArb, (1869), 152. Kotschyi, Boiss. (1842), 218. Kremeri, Soy,- Will. Sr Godr. (1861),
194. kubanensis, 8omm.Sc Lev. (1898), 8. kumaonensis, Williams (1896), 14. kunawarensis, Royle (1839), 342. Kuschakewiozi, Regel 4* Sckmalh.
(1877), 64. laoonica, Boiss. ^ Orph. (1859), 222. IsBTigata, Sibth. & 8m. (1806), 236. lagenocalyx, Fenzl (1867), 42. lanceolata, A. Gray (1854), 381. latifoliay S. F. Gray (S. Armeria). laxa, Boiss, Sf Kotschy (1867), 266. lazica, Boiss. (1842), 170. legionensi", Lag. (1816), 91. leptoclada, Boiss. (1867), 174. leptopetala, 8chrenk (1844), 294. Lercnenfeldiana, Baumg, (1836),
187. leurojifoliaf Ors. (dliata). leucopbylla, Boiss. (1842), 348. libanotioa, Boiss. (1849), 273. ligulata^ Yiy. lusus 1 (setacea). ligulata, Yiy. lusus 2 (sericea). linearis, Decne. (1885), 224. lineata, Boiss. Sf Buhse (1860), 296. linicola, C. C. Qmel. (1826), 245. linifolia, 8ibth. 4- 8m. (1806), 285. lithophila, Kar. Sf Kir. (1842), 801. littorea, Brot. (1804), 88. lividoy Wierzb. (viridiflora). longicaulis, Ponrr. (1803 >, 88. longicilia, Otth (1824), 856. longiilora, Fhrh, (1792), 263.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII.
Digitized by
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ME, P. N, WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
longipetals, Vent. (1800), 341. longitubttlosa, En^l, (1895), 134. luisana, S, Wats. (1888), 876. hmtanicaf Linn, (gallica). LyaUii, S. Wats. (1875), 378. lyohnidea, C. A. Mey. (1831), 283. lydia, BoUs. (1842), 35. macedonica, Formansk (1893), 186. Maooumi, S. Wats, (1891), 282. macrodonta, Boiss. (1842), 41. macron jchia, Boiss. (1888), 179. roaoropoda, Velen. (1886), 164. maorosolen, Steud. (1847), 258. macrosttfla, Maxim, (foliosa). Manissadjiani, Freyn (1895), 272. maritima. With. (1796), 23. maroocana. Coss. (1890), 66. Manchalli, C. A. Mey. (1831), 343. masmeniea, Boiss, (1856), 104. mauritanica, Pomel (obtusifolia). Maximowicziana, Bohrb. (1870), 168. megalocalyx, Freifn (1895), 260. mekinensis, Co#f.' (1890), 208. melandryiformis, Maxim, (aprica). melandryoides, Langs (1878), 128. mellifera, Boiss. 4* Beut. (1842), 351. mentagensis, Coss. (1890), 106. Menziedii, Rook. (1838), 183. methanaa^ Heldr. (rigidula). Meyerif Fenzl (depresaa). micropetala. Lag. (1816), 76. microphjlia, Boiss. (1842), 144. microspermay Fenzl (Kotechyi). fdodest'Jt Jord. & Fourr. (gallica). mogadorensis, Coss. (1875), 59. mollissima. Pars. (1806), 387. monantha, Boiss. & Haassk. (mone-
rantha). monantha, 8. Wats. (1875), 12. monerantha, Williams (1896), 176. mongolica, Iftfxtm. (1889), 13. montanay Arrand. (maritima). Montbretiana, Boiss. (1842), 297. Moorcrofliana, Rook, f, Sf Thorns.
(1868), 124. mvlticavlisy Durand (Bridgesi). multicaulis, Guss. (1826), 163. multieauliSy Maconn (Macounii). multicaulis f Nutt. (Douglasii). multifida^ Bohrb. (fimbriata). multiflora, Fers. (1806), 323. multineryia, S. Wats. (1890), 39. Mimdiana, Fck. S( Zey. (1835), 99. muscipula, Linn. (1753), 239. mytoptera^ Jord. & Fourr. (gallica). nana, Kar.S(Kir. (1841), 211. nardifolia, Boiss. (subulata). nemoralis, Waldst. ^ Kit. (1812),
364. neTadensis, Boiss. (1845), 372.
nioiBensis, AU. (1770-1773), 196. Niederi, Reldr. (1859), 340. nivea, DC. (1824), 353. nocteolens, Webb ^ Berth. (1839-
1840), 304. noctuma, Linn. (1753), 63. noctumOf Pall, (dichotoma). nodulosa, Boiss. (1842), 289. Notarisii, Ces. (Saxifraga). nubigena, Fhil. (1862), 9. nurensis, Boiss. 4* Raussk, (1888),
156. nutans, Linn. (1753), 355. obtusifolia, Pomel (imbricata). obtusifolia, Willd. (1809), 5t5. odontopetala, Fenzl (1842), 2. odoratissima, Bunge (1834), 307. Oldhamiana, Miq. (aprica). 01g», Bohrb. (1870), 330. oligantba, Boiss. ^ Reldr. (1854),
276. Oliveriana, Otth (sericea) . olympica, Boiss. (1842), 314. oreophila, Boiss. (1867), 154. oropediorum, Coss. (18SK}), 74. Orpbanidis. Boiss. (1867), 115. OrsinianOf Beichb. (ciliaia). Otites, Smith (1800), 317. otodonta. Franch. (1886), 358. ovata, Pursh (1814), 371. oxyodonta, C. S( W. Barbeif (1882),
68. pachyrrhiza, Franch. (1886), 329. palsstina, Boiss. (1849), 60. palinotricha, Fenzl (1867), 131. papillifolia, Williams (1896), 142. papillosa, Boiss. (1842), 249. paradoxa, Linn. (1763), 390. Parrowiana, Boiss. Sr Raussk. (1888),
261. parviflora, Turcz. (tenuis), parvula, Coss. (1890), 136. patula, Lag. (segetalis). pauciflora, Salzm. (1824), 384. paucifloray Tomah, (italica). pectinata, S. Wats. (1875), 377. peduncularis, Boiss. (184^), 267. pendula, Linn. (1753), 81. pentelica, Boiss. (1849), 229. perfoliata, Otth (chlonefolia). permi'xta, Jord. (bracbypetala). pemoctanSf Link (sericea). persica, Boiss. (1842), 125. petrsa, Adams (1805), 295. pbarnaceifolia, Fenzl (1842), 310. pbrygia, J5oM*. (1867), 379. pbysalodes, Boiss. (1849), 28. pictUf Pers. (juncea). pifosa, Pourr. (sericea). pilosa^ Willd. (disticha).
Digitized by
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MR. P. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
195
piloselloides, G-. Don (BurohelHi). pindicola, Hauask, (1887), 112. pinetorum, BoUs. St Meldr, (1849),
227. plutonica, Naud. (1845), 10. poUfgcmuii Stokes (Saxifraga). poUftriehoideSy Zumagl. (acaulis). Fomeliy Bafctand. (imbricata). pompeiopolitana, J, Oay (1867), 58. portensis, lAnn, (1763), 216. Porteri, Pott (1888), 139. primubeflura, Eck, ic Zey. (1835), 97. Pringlei, 8. Wat*. (1888), 346. ppocumbens, llfurr. (1786), 20. pruinosa, Boisi, (1842), 335. peammitiB, Link (1820), 84. Pseudo-Atocion, Derf. n.798), 198. PieudO'Behen, Heldr. (Reinholdi). PteudO'Behen^ Schur (inflata). pseudo-nutoDB, Pane. (1883), 363. pteudotitea^'RotBk (Otifces). pteroneora, William* (1886, 1896),
248. puherulaf Berfr. (serioea). puberula, Bois*. (1867), 339. pumila, St. Lag. (Puniilio). PumiUo, Wulf. (1778), 21. punctata, Bub. (elegans). pungens, Bois*. (1842), 1. purpnrata, Greene (Scooleri), pjgmeea, Adam* (1805), 133. pygmaa. Herd, (gallica). pygmaa^ Less (? caspica). pyrmtatca, Pourr. (sericea). pyriformi*, Cosf. (glauca). quinquevulnera, Linn, (gallica). raoemoea, Otth (1824), 45. BaddeanOy Trautr. (odontopetala). radicosa, Boi**. <!jr Heldr. (1845),274. ramosissima, Desf. (1798), 192. reflexa, Aiton (1813), 52. Beiohenbachii, Vi*. (1852), 284. :^inlioldi, Heldr. (1874), 240. remotiflora, Vi*. (1852), 55. repen*, Boiss. (tenuis). repen*, Eichw. (oaucadica). repens, Patr. (1805), 331. reticulata, De*f. (1798), 217. reticulata^ lAnk (jonoea). retroflexay Stead, (egyptiaca). Beuteriana, Boi**. 4* Blanch* (1856),
190. rbodopea, Janka (1878), 373. rhynchocarpa, Boi**. (1842), 107. rigidula, Sibth.S;^ Sm. (1806), 213. Roemeri, FHw. (1836), 313. Bohrbachianay Aschers. (Ungeri). rosulata, Soy. - WW. S( Qodr.
(1851), 386. Roayana, Battand. (1888), 257.
rubella, Brot. (1804), 200.
rubella, Linn. (? ? agg.).
rubella. Soy.- Will. A Qodr. (sege-
taUs). rupestris, Linn. (1762), 182. rupe*tri*y Schur (Lerchenfeldiana). Salzmanni, Badaro (1826), 384. Sargenti, 8. Wat*. (1879), 116. Sartorii, Boi**. ^ Heldr. (1856), 36. saxatilis. Sim* (1803), 344. *axicolaf Bony (sericea). Saxifraga, I/fnn. (1753), 159. Saxifraga, Thunb. (gracillima). scabrida. Soy. -Will. ^ Qodr. (1851),
73. Bcaposa, B. L. Bobin*on (1893), 288. Schafta, Omel. (1838), 132. *chiren*i*y Bohrb. (chirensis). Schlos*eri, Vukot. (Sandtneri). Schlumbergeri, Boi**. (1888), 123. Schmucken, WetUt. (1892), 151. Sohwarzenbergeri, Halac*y (1894),
368. Schweinfurthi, Bohrb. (1867), 69. Scouleri, Hook. (1833), 347. sedoides, Poir. (1796), 228. segetalis, Luf. (1860), 203. 8emeuoT'u,£egelifrHerd. (1866),306. Sendtneri, Boi**. (1867), 316. sericea. All. (1785), 85. serrulato, Boit*. (1867), 269. *ertuen*i*, Pomel (inflata). *e**iliJloraf Poir. (racemosa). setacea, Viv. (1824), 65. sibiriea, Per*. (1805), 320. Sibthorpiana, Beichb. (rawmoss). *icula, Cyr. ^sedoides). *icula, Ker (sericea). Sieberi, Fenzl (1842), 367. nnalca, Boiss. (odontopetala). *inen*i*, Hook. (Fortunei). sisianica, Boi**. ^ Buh*e (I860), 149. Skorpili, Velen. (1889), 374. Spaldingii, 8. Wat*. (1875), 359. spergulifolia, Bieb. (1819), 332. spinescens, Sibth. Sf Sm. (1806), 365. splendens, Boi**. (1867), 361. squamigera, Boi**. (184is), 251. staticifoUa, Sibth. f Sm. (1806), 264. stellata, Aiton (1812), 354. stenobotiys, Boi**. Sf Hauttk. (1867) ,
305. *tenophylla. Plan, (maritima). stentoria, Fenzl (1842), 108. striata, Bohrb. (1867), 226. etricta, Achar. (segetalis). striota, Linn. (1756), 241. struthioloides, A, Gray (1854), 271. subconictt, Friw. (1835), 33. subulata, Boi**. (1842), 111.
0 2
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196
MR. F. Ji, WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE.
subuniflora, 8omm. ^ Lev, (1893), 4. Buoculenta, Forsk. (1775), 140. Suksdorfii, B, L. Rohinton (1891),
121. supina, Auch.-Eloj (stenobotrys). Bupina, Bieb. (1819), 884. tachtensiB, Franch, (1883), 118. Tanakffi, Maxim. (1888), 366. tarhctgataica, Kryl. (? P tenuis), tatarioa, Pera. (1806), 278. TstsrlDOwii, Regel (1861), 185. tenella, C. A. Mey. (1831), 302. tenuioauliB, Freyn Sc Bornm.y 259. tenuiflon, Chus, (1826), 246. tenuis, Willd. (1809), 280. thebana, Orph. (1867), 15. ttiessalonioft, Boiu. 4* ffeldr. (1854),
178. Thirkeaiuiy G. £ocb (raoemosa). Thorei, Duf. (1825), 22. Thunbergianay £ck. & Zey. (Bur-
chellii). thymifolia, Sibth. & Sm, (1806), 143. Tatnmannii, Willk. (sedoides). tragacantba, Fenzl (1867), 109. tridentataj Boiss. (cerastioides). tridentataf Desf. (caljcina). trinervia, Seb. ^ MauH (1818), 72. iubyiora, Duf. (sericea).
tuniooides, ^ow#. (1842), 275. turbinata, Guss. (1827), 202. turgida, Bieb. (1835), 287. iurkestawicaj Kegel (inourvifolia). Ubdeana, i2oAr6. (1867), 141. undulatat Pourr. (segetalis). Ungeri, Fenzl (1862), 233. UmUei, SchoH (1822), 299. ▼agans, C.B. Clarke (1889), 153. yafiesia, Linn. (1762), 130. vaUetiacay Link (nicsensis). Tariegata, Boiee. S( Seldr. (1849),
18. yelutinoides, Pomel (1874), 857. verecunda^ S. Wats. (Behrii). vesiculifera, J. Qay (1867), 252. veepertinay Curt, (sericea). vespertina, Rett. (1779-91), 46. viUosa, Forek. (1775), 80. Tiresoens, Coa$. (1890), 206. virgata^ Stapf (proinosa). virideUa^ Link (nutans). Tiridifloia, Linn. (1762), 350. vulgaris, Giurcke (inflata). Watsoni, B. L. Robinson (1893), 120. WiUkommiana, J. Gay (divarioata). xylobasis, Freyn (1895), 113. yemensis, Dejl. (1889), 180. yunnanensis, Franch. (1886), 328.
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DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI. 197
LiCHENES CoLENSOANi a Reverendiss. Colenso in Nov& Zelandii septentrionali prope Napier lecti, et nuperius niissi, in Herbario Reg. Kewensi servati, qnos determinavit Dr. J. Mueller [Argoviensis], (Commnnicated with the sanction of W. T. Thiselton Dter, C.M.G., C.T.E., P.R.S., F.L.S.)
[Bead 21st March, 1895.]
Ohs. Quoad characteres ordinum, tribnum et genemm conf. ad Mueller Arg. Consp. syst. Lich. Nov. Zelandiae in Bulletin de I'Herbier Boissier, vol. ii. App. i. (1894).
Lichenes pro Noy& Zelandi& novi asterico designati sunt.
Ordo I. COLLEMACE^.
Trib. C0LLEME-«.
1. Leptogium phyllocarpum, Mont. f. isidiosa, Muell. Arg. in
Bull. Herb. Baiss.^ ii. App. i. p. 18. — Colenso, 1634, 1816.
2. Leptogium tremblloides, Fr. H. Scan,, p. 293. — Colenso,
1631.
V. azurbum, NyLj Syn,, p. 126. — Colenso, 1667,
1810, 1815.
V. PiCHNEUM, NyL, Inch. Nov. ZeL, p. 10. —
Colenso, 1597.
♦ V. LAOINUTUM, Tuckemt. in Proc. Am. Acad., vii.
(1868) p. 234.— CoZerwo, 1688. ♦3. Leptogidm Pecten, F, WiU. in Joum. Linn. Boo. (Bot), xxviii. (1891) p. 'SbS.—Colenso, 1630, 1644 (ambo sterilia). 4. Leptogium dendroides, Nyl. in Flora, xix. (1867) p. 438 ; Dendriscocaulon filicinellum, Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zel., p. 10. —Colenso, 1646, 1702. ♦5. CoLLEMA FURVUM, Ach., Lichenog. Univ., p. 650. — Colenso, 1501, 1523 (specim. sterilia).
V. MiGROPHTLLiMUMy MueU. Arg. in BuU. 8oc. Bot.
Belg., xxxi. (1892) p. 22.— Colenso, 1563. 6. CoLLEMA suBCONViNiENS, Nyl, Lich. Nov. Zel, p. 8. Ad cortices et ramulos et inter mnscos. — Colenso, 1619, 1569, 1629, 1643, 1669 (magis pulviniforme), 1743, 1777.
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198 DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI.
7. CoLLEMA PULPOSUM, Ach., 8yn, Lich,^ p. 311. — Colenso^
1541.
8. Synbchoblistus leucocarpds, MueU. Arg, in Flora, Ixv.
(1882) p. 294, sub n. 379.~-Oofewro, 1634.
9. Stnkchoblastus aggrbgatus, Th. M, Fries^ Lick, Arct,
p. 280.— Colenso, 1525, 1604, 1609, 1645, 1647, 1708, 1760.
V. CoLENSOi, Muell, Arg. ; Gollema fasdcula/re
V. Colensoi, Ch. Bab. in Hook, f., Fl. N. Zel., ii. 309. Thallns pnlvinatas, crassulns, plicato-rngalosns, e plumbeo fnscus, praesertim e lobis erectis, oonfertis, convolutis et crispis apice dense fertilibns formatns. — Golenso, 1539, 1696.
10. Stnechoblastus LiEVis, MueU. Arg. in Flora^ Ixx. (1887)
p. 283, n. 1127.— Golenso, 1522, 1575, 1642.
11. Stnechoblastus flaccidus, Koerb. Syst, p. 413 ; corticola,
Golenso, 1694 (pnlchre fertilis, levis).
Ordo n. EPICONIACE^.
Trib. SPHJlROPHOREiE.
12. Sphjsbophoron tenerum. Lour, in Linncea, ii. (1827) p. 45,
t. 1, fig. 4i.—Golen80, 1732.
13. Sprsrophoron gompressum, Ach.y Metk., p. 135. — Golenso,
1711 pr. p.
♦ V. CANDIDUM, Muell. Arg. in Flora, bdv. (1881)
p. bOb.—Golenso, 1686.
14. Sphjerophoron australe, Laur. in Linncea, ii. (1827) p. 44.
—Golenso, 1509, 1510, 1515, 1516, 1555, 1612, 1636, 1637, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1687, 1689, 1691, 1697, 1698, 1711 pr. p., 1712, 1713, 1731.
Trib. CONIOPHTLLEiE.
15. CoNiOPHTLLUM CoLBNSOi, Muell. Arg. in Bull. 8oc. Bot.
Belg., xxxi. (1892) p. 23.— CoZetwo, 1651.
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DE. J. MUELLER — LICHENES C0LEN80ANI. 199
Ordo ni. DISCOCARPE^.
Ser. I. DIPLOBLAST^. Trib. Stereocaule*.
16. Stereocaulon ramulosum, Ach,, Meth.^ p. 314. — Golensoy
1620, 1709.
* V. NUDATUM. St. proximum v. nudatum, Muell.
Arg, in Flora, Ixix. (1886) p. 253.— OoZetwo, 1735.
17. CoRYNOPHORON CoLBNSOi, Nyl,, lAch, Nov. ZeL, p. 15. —
Colenso, 741.
Trib. Cladoniejs.
18. Clathrina aggregata.. MuelL Arg. in Flora, Ixvi. (1883)
p. SO,— Colenso, 1511, 1512, 1517, 1536, 1567, 1618, 1670, 1779, 1784, 1785, 1788, 1807.
♦ V. STRAMiNEA, Muell Arg,, Z.c, Ixii. (1879) p. 162.
—Golenso, 1591.
19. Cladonu capitellata. Oh. Bah, in Hook, /., Fl. N. Zel,
ii. 296.—Golen80, 1736. ♦20. Cladonia furcata v. asperata, Muell. Arg, in Flora, Ixv.
(1882) p. 29S.—Colen8o, 1661, 1786, 1787, 1795. V. adspersa, Floerke, Deuisch. Lich., n. 198. —
Colenso. 1581. ♦ V. FARiNACEA, Wainio, Monogr. Cladon., p. 339
(sab formi).— CoZetMo, 1803. ♦ V. GRACiLLiMA, Muell Arg, in Flora, Ixv. (1882)
p. 296.— OoZeawo, 1738. *21. Cladonu squamosa v. asperella, Floerke, Cladon., p. 132.
—Colenso, 1580.
22. Cladonla degenerans y. uaplotea, Floerke, Cladon.^ p. 42.
—Colento, 1809.
♦ V. JAVANICA, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixv. (1882)
p. 294.— Golenso, 1567 pp. p.
23. Cladonu pittrba, Floerke, Gladon, p. 79. — Golenso, 1551,
1552, 1553, 1554, 1623, 1625, 1648, 1695, 1714, 1805, 1806 pr. p., 1808. ♦24. Cladonia fimbruta v. abortiva, Babenh., Deutsch. Krypt., p. 108.— Golenso, 1553.
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200 DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES C0LEN80ANI.
♦ ClADONLL FIMBRIATA V. DENDBOIDES, FloL, Lich, StleS,, p. 33.
—Oolensoy 1802, 1806. 25. Claponia pyxidata, jPV., Lich. Eur,, p. 210.— CoZe««o, 1621,
1622, 1624. * V. COSTATA, Floerke, Cladon,, p. 06. — Golenso,
1579, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1804. ♦26. Cladonia pleurota, Schaer., Enum., p. 186. — Colenso, 1550,
1666, 1796.
27. Cladonu macilenta, Hoffm., Fl. Oerm., p. 126.— CoZetwo,
1739.
Trib. Bmokycem.
28. Bj:omyces fungoides, Ach., Meth., p. 320. — Golenso, 1817.
29. B^OMYCES HJEMOTROPUS, Leight. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.),
X (1867), p. 31, t. 4, fig. l.^Colenso, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720.
Ser. 11. THAMNO'PHYLLOBLAST^.
Trib. UsNEEiE.
30. USNBA BABBATA V. FLORIDA, JFV., Llch. Europ., p. 18. —
Colenso, 1559. V. RUBiGiNEA, Mey. et Flot. in Act. Acad. Nat.
Cur., xix. I. p. 210.— Colenso, 1794.
♦ V. pendula, Koerb., Parerga,]^. 1. — Colenao, 1558.
♦ V. soREDiosuLA, Muell. Arg. in Engl. Jahrb., xx.
(1894) p. 245.— OoZetwo, 1797. ♦31. UsNEA MELAXANTHA V. SOREDIIFERA. Neuropogon melaxanthiis
V. sorediifera, Cromb. in Jonm. Linn. Soc. (Bof.), xv.
(1876) p. lS2.—0ol€n8o, 1776.
Trib. Ramaline£.
32. Bamalina Eckloni y. membranacea, Muell. Arg. in Flora,
Ixvii. (1884) p. 619. Specimina (ramillicolsB) pjgmaea, tantum 6-10 mm. longa, ambita et con8istenti& nee non apotheciis et sporis bene congmentia. — Colenso, 1733, 1737.
33. Anaptychu leucomeljna, Wainio, £tude, i. p. 128. —
Colenso, 1610.
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DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI. 201
Sect. Peltigere^.
34. Peltigera pusilla, Koerb.y Syst, p. 59.— Oofen«), 1611.
35. Peltigera polydacttla, Hoffm.j Flor. Oerm., p. 106, f.
MINOR, Krempelh,, Lich. Novara, p. 121. — Colenso, 1590,
1594, 1703. ♦ y. scuTATA, Nyl, Syn, Inch,, p. 327.— OoZeTwo,
1658. * V. DOLiCHORRHiZA, NyL, Syn. Lich., p. 327. —
Colenso, 1513, 1568, 1617, 1618, 1635, 1671, 1704, 1751.
Trib. Parmblieje.
36. Stictina ftjliqinosa, Nyl, Syn. Lich., p. 347.— OoZetwo,
1531, 1588, 1710, 1747, 1812. •37. Stictina intricata, Nyl, Syn. Lich., p. 334. — Colenso, 1596.
V. Thouarsii, NyL, I.e., p. 335. — Colenso, 1692,
1707, 1759.
38. Stictina cinnamomea, Muell. Arg. in Jf^lora, Ixvi. (1883)
p. 22.— OoZeiwo, 1674, 1758, 1783 pr. p.
39. Stictina crocata, Nyl., Syn. Lich., p. 338. — Colenso, 1593.
40. Stictina Mougeotuna, NyL, I.e., p. 340 (v. xantholoma,
Nyh, I.C., p. Z4i\).— Colenso, 1545.
♦41. Stictina scrobiculata, Nyl., Consp. Stict., p. 6, n. 33. — Colenso, 1752 pr. p.
♦42. Stictina dictyophora, Muell. Arg.; thallas circ. 2-3 centim. latus et minor, horizontalis, lacinioso-divians, laciniso brevinscnle lobatse, crenatse, totns tennis, firmns ntraqne pagina levis, snpra plnmbeo-fuscescens, subpolitns niti- dnlns, hinc inde minnte isidiosns, sabtns pallidns et indn- mento nigro-fnsco snbsparso v. demnm distincte rhombo- areolato prfieditns; cyphellaB nnllae; gonimia Stictince; apothecia ignota. — Est species insignis et sterilis tantnm nota, nnlli cognitamm, nisi Stiettnm retigerce, Maell. Arg. in Flora, Ixi. (1878) p. 484, leviter acoedens, sed toto habitn, tennitate, colore plnmbeo, tballo non bnlloso^. gibboso bene diversa. A Eiccasoliis Nyl. jam gonimiis distat. Etiam ad Nephromiwm LyaUii Cb. Bab. habitn et gonimiis accedit, sed thallns pecnliariter vestitna est. --Colenso, 1772.
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202 DB. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI.
43. Sticta latifrons v. Menziesii, Gh, Bab, in Hook. /., Fl. Nov.
Zel, ii. p. 277.— CoZetwo, 1655, 1754, 1767, 1780, 1783 pr. p., 1811.
44. Sticta Filix, Hoffm,, Lichen., t. bb.—Colenso, 1726, 1744.
45. Sticta lacera, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixxi. (1888) p. 131. —
GoUnso, 1586, 1589, 1690, 1799. ♦46. Sticta sinuosa v. subcaperata, Muell. Arg. ; Sticta sub-
cnperata, Nyl. Lich. Nov. Zel., p. 31. — Golenso, 1530,
1570, 1607, 1614. * V. caperata ; Sticta damcecomi$ v. caperta, Nyl.,
Syn. Licb., p. SBl.—Colenso, 1535, 1770.
47. Sticta varubilis, Ach., Lich. Univ., p. 455. —OoZcfwo, 1608.
48. Sticta psilophylla, Muell, Arg. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.,
xxxi. II. (1892), p. 29.— Oolenso, 1755.
49. Sticta episticta, Nyl^ Lich. New Zeal., p. 248, n. 17. —
Colenso, 1771.
50. Sticta subcorucea, Nyl. in Flora, xlviii. (1865) p. 298. —
Golenso, 1507, 1706, 1752. ♦51. Sticta Fretcinetii, Delise, Stict, p. 124, t. 14, fig. 51. — Golenso, 1715.
52. Sticta sdbvariabilis, Nyl. in Flora, I. (1867) p. 439. —
Golenso, 1616, 1792.
53. Sticta Richardi, Mont, in Ann. Sc. Nat., Sir. II. iv.
(1835) p. 89.— Golenso, 1742, 1756, 1766, 1793.
V. RUFOViRESCENS, Gh. Bab. in Hook. /., Fl, N. Zd.,
ii. p. 278.— Colenso, 1781.
54. Sticta Billardibri, Delise, Stict., p. 99, t. 8, fig. 35. —
Golenso, 1574, 1721, 1722, 1725, 1757, 1761, 1764.
55. Sticta granulata, Gh. Bab. in Hook. /., Fl. N. Zel., ii.
p. 281.— (7oZen«o, 1773.
56. Sticta pubescens, Muell. Arg. in Bull. Soc. Bot, Belg., xxxi.
II. (1892) p. 28.— Golenso, 1672.
57. Sticta ortgmaa, Ach., Meth., p. 278.— Golenso, 1724, 1749,
1753, 1765, 1768 (ster.), 1769, 1782, 1813.
58. Sticta endochrysea v. flavicans, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixxi.
(1888) p. Ue.— Golenso, 1746, 1783 pr.p.
59. Sticta Montagnei, Gh. Bab. in Hook. /., Fl. N, Zel., ii
p. 284 ; Eicasolia Montagnei, Nyl., Syn. Lich., p. 373. — Golenso, 1527. ♦60. Parhelia perlata y. ciliata, DG., f., sorediifera, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixxiv. (1891) p. ^2.— Golenso, 1500, 1520.
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DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI. 203
61. Parhelia cetrata, Ach, Syn., p. 198. — Colenso, 1727. •62. Parhelia physodes v. pulverata, Muell. Arg.in FZora, Ixvi.
(1883) p. I^.—Oolenso, 1791.
♦ V. SOLUTA, MueU. Arg,, Lc. — Colenso, 1762.
* V. LCGUBRis, NyL, Enum. Qin., p. 104. — Colenso,
1745.
63. Parmelu pertransita, SHrt. in Froc. Phil, Soc, Olasg,, x.
(1877) p. 294.— OoZen*o, 1602.
64. Anzia angustata, MueU, Arg. in Flora, Ixxii. (1889) p. 507.
—Colenso, 1560.
65. Xanthoria parietina v. spinulosa, MuelL Arg, in BvU. Herb,
Boise,, ii. App ii. (1894) p. 40. — Colenso, 1632 (speciiDina ad modium juyenilia).
66. PSEUDOPHYSCIA SPECI08A V. HYPOLEUCA f. SOREDIIFERA, Muell,
Arg., lc, — Colenso, 1728.
Trib. PsoROMEJB.
67. PsoROMA ARANEOSUM, Nyl,f Syn, Lich., ii. p. 23. — Colenso,
1626, 1656, 1688.
68. PsoROMA SPHINCTRINUM, NyL, Enum, Oen., p. 108. — Colenso,
1526, 1540, 1542, 1546 bis, 1562, 1592, 1633, 1667, 1748, 1798. V. DiscRETUM, NyL, Syn, Lioh,, ii. p. 25. — Colenso,
1633 pr. min. p.
V. PHOLiDOTOiDES, NyL, Ltch. Nov, ZeL, p. 52. —
Colenso, 1663, 1814. *69. PsoROMA ASPERELLUM, NyL ap. Cromh, in Joum, Linn, Soc. (BoL), xvii. (1879) p. 398,— Colenso, 1564, 1565, 1595, 1699, 1763 (in meo specim. Hampeano Lecanorm cLspereUoe Hampe, sched. locus indicatus est : Australia felix (nee Promontorinm BonsB Spei).
Trib. PANNARIEiE.
*70. Pannaria fulvescens, NyL, Enum, Oen., p. 109. — Colenso,
1534 pr. p. 71. Pannaria immixta v. gyrantha, NyL, Lich, Nov. Zel.,
p. 49.— Colenso, 1659. •72. Pannaria granulifbra, MuelL Arg. ; thallus cinereo-luridns,
sqnamnlosns, hypothallo nigro in strains ; sqnamnlaB dense
discretaa, adpress®, snbrosnlares, lacioioso-lobatse, crenatee,
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204 DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI.
moz adscendentes, imbricatsB, demum oonglobateB, snper- ficie integrse; apothecia ^^ mm. lata, plana, margine
thalliiio yalido grannloso et radiatim snbplicato cincta ; discus cameus nudus; sporse et gonimia generis. — ^Est proxima P. intennixtcB Nyl. et ej. varietati gyrarUhcB Nyl., sed thallns aliter coloratns, mox imbricato-sqnamnlosns et margo thallinns apotheciomm crassior et granifems. Apothecia nt in landatlL yar. gyrantha subinde ambitn irregularia, reniformia et plieatula. — Corticola, ColensOy 1652. ♦73. Pannaria imbricatula, Muell. Arg. in FUyra, Ixiv. (1881) p. 507.— OoZen«o, 1561.
Trib. Parmelielleje.
74. Parmeliella Gayana, Mtiell. Arg, in Flora, Ixix. (1886)
p. 286, sub. n. 1021,— Colenso, 1740 pr. p.
75. Parmeliella triptophtlla, Muell, Arg, in Mem. Soe, Phys.
Geneve, xvi. (1862) p. 378.— Oo?enw, 1571.
76. CoccocARPiA AURANTiACA, Mont. et V. d. Bosch, in Miq. PL
JungTi., p. 465.— OoZe?wo, 1668.
♦ V. FURFURACEA, Mucll, Arg, in Flora, Ixv. (1882)
p. 326,— Colenso, 1740.
Trib. Phtllopsork*.
77. Phyllopsora parvifolia, Muell, Arg, in Bull, Herb. Boiss., ii. App. I. (1894) p. 4&.— Colenso, 1653.
Ser. III. KBYOBLAST^,
Trib. LECANOREiE.
78. Lecanora atra, Ach.y Lichenog, Univ., p. 344. — Colenso, 1508,
1549, 1627.
79. Lecania Babingtonu, Muell, Arg, in BuU, Herb, Boiss., ii.
App. I. (1894) p. bO.—Colenso, 1677.
80. Mtxodictyon chrysostictum, Massal,, Esam, Compaq,, p. 10.
—Colenso, 1503, 1521, 1547, 1587, 1662, 1679, 1681.
81. Pertusarla subyaqinata, Nyl. in Flora,, xlix. (1866) p. 290.
—Colenso, 1538.
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DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI. 205
82. Pertdsaria creberrima, 8HrL ex Muell. Arg, in BuU. Herb.
Boiss,, ii. App. i. (1894) p. 53.— O'ofenw, 1543.
83. Phlyctella neozelandica, Nyl, Inch. Nov, Zel,, p. 72. —
CoUnso, 1502, 1505, 1577, 1673, 1675, 1680, 1800.
Trib. LECiDEEiE.
84. Lecidea cinnabarina, Somnerf., Sappl. FL Lapp., p. 170. — Colensn, 1650.
♦85. Lecidea bacidioides, Muell. Arg. in Flora., Ixv. (1882) p. 4Se.—Colenso, 1649.
♦86. Lecidea coarctata, Nyl. v. decipiens, Muell. Arg. ; thallus minute sqaamTilosus, subuallas; apothecia testaceo- rosea, ambitn pallida, subondalata, 1^ mm. lata, sqnamulas parvulas Psorm decipieniis Hoffm. optime simalantia. — Golenso, 1693.
♦87. Lecidea PARASEBiA,^yZ., Lich. Scand., p. 216. — Oolenso, 1585. 88. Lecidea crustulata, Koerh., Syst., p. 249. — Colenso, 1720.
♦89. Patellaru (s. Biatorina) variegata, Muell. Arg. ; thallus albidus, minute subsparso • granulans, demum eva- nesceus ; hypothallus albus, verniceo-levis ; apothecia \-^ mm. lata, plana, tenuiter marginata, gilvo-carnea, obsolete esBsio-pruinosa aut nuda, demum prassertim in margine v. etiam undique sensim nigrescenti-obscurata ; lamina apotheciorum pallidorum undique hjalina; paraphyses conglutinataB ; sporsD in ascis augustis biseriatim 8-nae, cylindrico-ellipsoideaB, 8-10 ^ longsB, 2J-3 /4 latfiB. — Juxta P. subcameam, Muell. Arg., locanda est, extus tamen etiam P. ccesio»pallentem, Muell. Arg., refert, sed hsBC longius distat margine apotheciorum crassiore et sporis multo majoribus. Apothecia colore yalde ludunt. — Corticola, Golenso, 1578.
90. Patellaria melaclina, Muell. Arg. in Bull. Herb. Boiss.,
i. (1893) p. 48 ; Lecidea melaclina, Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zel., p. SS.^Colenso, 1504, 1532, 1600.
91. Patellaru maroiniflexa, IfweZZ. Arg. in Flora, Ixxi. (1888)
p. 539 ; Lecidea ma/rginijlexa. Hook. f. et Tayl. in Hook., Lond. Joum. Bot., iii. (1844) p. 638.— CoZewo, 1514, 1548, 1639.
92. Patellaria millegrana, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixiii. (1880)
p. 280, sub n. 204.— OoZetwo, 1678, 1734.
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206 DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI.
93. Patellabia melasema, Muell. Arg. in Bull, Herb. Boiss., ii. App I. (1894) p. 69,—Golen8o, 1566.
*94. Blastekla Colensoi, MueU, Arg.; thallus persicinus, in hypothallo C8?9io-albo tennissimo instratns, tennissime clato-granulofius, grannla circ. x^ mm. lata, vnlgo plnrima in glebnlas circ. ^ mm. latas dense conglobata ; apothecia ^1 mm. lata, sessilia, plana, demnm margine nndnlata, intense sangnineo-pnnicea ; margo concolor, tennis et leviter prominens ; lamina h jalina ; spor» 8-nae, circ. 13 /t longsB, 7| /t latee. — Est species elegans, affinis australiensi,BZ. |?t*Zc^ern7Wfle, Mnell. Arg. in Floi'a, Ixxi. (1888) p. 141, nbi apothecia obscnriora et thallns alins. — Ad lapillos feldspatbicos. — Colenso, 1729.
*95. LoPADiUM FERRUGINEUM, Muell. Arg. in Nuovo Giom. Bot. Ital., xxiii. (1891) p. 127.— Golenso, 1556.
Trib. BlATORINOPSIDEJC.
96. BiATORTNOPSis LUTEA, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixiv. (1881)
p. 102.— Colenso, 1660. ♦97. BuTORiDiUM neozelandicum, Muell. Arg. ; thallus olivaceo- uigricans, tennissimns, madefactns mollis ; gonimia gloeo-capsoideo-composita, demnm in filamenta monili- formia solnta, olivacea, diametro 3^ /i eqnantia, membrana indistincta; apothecia sessilia, plana, demnm f mm. lata, juniora dnplo et plnries minora, nonnibil gyalec- toideo-concava, nnda, margine proprio pallidiore obsolete prominnlo cincta ; epithecinm hyalino - fuscidnlnm ; hypothecinm leviter obscnratum ; paraphyses capillares, facile liber® ; asci angnsti, circ. 50-80-8pori ; spone varie ellipsoideee, circ. 7-8^ /t longsB et 4-5 ft latae.- Corticola : Colenso, 1640. — Obs. Hoc. genns ob stmc- tnram gonimiomm ad Biatoriiuypsideas pertinet.
Trib. Byssocauleje.
98. Btssocaulon niveum, Mont, in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. II. iii. (1835) 355 ; B.filamentosum, Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zel.,p. 77. —Colenso, 1613.
Trib. C(EN0G0NIEiE.
♦99. C(EN0G0NiUM TOMENTOSUM, Muell. Arg. ; thallus obscure flavescenti-glancus, dense csespitoso-tomentosus, fi la-
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DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI. 207
menta erecta, brevia, param v. non interiexta, circ. 13 /i lata, inter articulos non constricta, hypbis distinctis yalidinscnlis obdncta ; articuli subduplo longiores qnam lati ; apotbecia novella alba, magis evoluta |^1 mm. lata, cameo-aurantiaca, margine albido cincta, leviter concavo plana ; sporse S-nee, nniseriatim 8-n», 10-11 u longaB 2J /t lataB, fusiformes. — Inter C. pannosum, MnelL Arg. et C. diffractum, Krempelh. babita et erassitie fila- mentomm medinm tenet. — Cortieola, Colenso, 1615. ♦100. C(EN0G0NiUM SUBTORULOSUM, MuelL Arg. ; thallns albido- glancns, caespitulos exiguos orbicnlares nano-bemispbee- ricos et demnm conflnentes formans; filamenta brevia, intrieata, 20-25 ;* lata, inter articulos modice lyrato- constricta, in superficie creberrime bypbemoideo-papil- losa; articuli fere duplo longiores quam lati, ellipsoidei; apotbecia ignota. — Juxta 0. heterotrichum, Muell. Arg. inserendum est.— Cortieola, ColensOy 1656.
Trib. TflELOTREMEJE.
101. OcELLULARiA CAVATA, MuelL Arg. in Flora, Ixv. (1882)
p. 499.— Colenso, 1544.
102. Thelotrema lepadinum, AcJi., Lichenog. Univ., p. 312. —
Golenso, 1601, 1774.
Trib. GRAPHIDEiE.
103. Opegrapha subfarinosa, MueU. Arg. in Bull. Herb. Boiss.,
ii. App. I. (1894) p. 78.— Colenso, 1572, 1573.
104. Graphis assimilis, Nyl., Prodr. Oall. et Alger., p. 150. —
Colenso, 1603. •105. Graphis emersa, Mtiell. Arg. in Hedtcigia, xxxii. (1898) p. 133.~ CoZe?wo, 1628.
106. Graphis comparilis, Nyl., Syn. Lich. Nov. Galedon., p. 89.
— Golenso, 1524.
107. Arthonu complanata. Fie, Esm., p. 54. — Golenso, 1775.
108. Nesolechu oxyspora, Massal., Misc., p. 13 ; Lecidea
oicyspora, Njl., Scand., p. 246. — In tballo Stictm cujus- dam valde mutilatae. — Golenso, 1528. Antea {in Bull. Herb, Boiss., ii. App. i. (1894) p. 61) banc speciem inter Lecideds recepi, quibuscnm tbalamii stmctui^
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208 DR. J. MUELLER — LICHENES COLENSOANI.
convenifc, sed apotbecia omnino immarginata hinc inde e form4 regulari in arthonioideo-irregnlarem abeunt efc affinitatem arctiorem cum tribn Oraphidearum indicant. Locum nunc babeat juxta Gelidium.
Ordo IV. PYRENOCARPE^.
Trib. PrRENULEfi.
♦109. PoRiNA (sect. Sagedia) leucothallina, MueU. Arg. ; tballus albus, tenuissimus, continuus et IsBvis, demum farinulentus (gonidiis cbroolepoideis) ; apotbecia \ mm. lata, leviter depresso-globosa, fere parte dimidia emersa, rotnndato-obtusa, nigra, opaca; peritbecium integrum, basi tenue ; paraphyses firme capillares ; asci angusti, 1 -seriatim 6-8-spori; sporsB 12-15 ft longsB, 2|-3 /I latae, obtuse fusiformes, 2-loculares v. rarissime et 4-loculares. — Juxta cubensem P. mundu- lam, MueU. Arg., locanda est. Subsimilis neozelan- dica P. albinula, Muell. Arg., difEert thallo minus albo, apotheciis minoribus et peritbecio dimidiato. — Corti- cola, Golenso, 1506.
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HRS. WEBER VAN BOSSE OK PSEUBOCODIUM. 209
On a new genus of Siphonean Algae — Pseudocodium, By Mrs. Weber van Bossi. (Communicated by George Murray, F.L.S.)
(Plate I.)
[Bead 6th June, 1895.]
On the rocks near Tsipinga, and at the foot of the well-known bluff near Durban, I collected in the month of November, 1894, an alga, which proved to be new to science, and to belong to a new genus of the family of CodiaceeD, Wille. Unfortunately 1 found it only in a sterile state, but its anatomical characters are very marked, and distinguish it well from all the other members of this family. It may be described as follows : —
PsEUi»0C0DiUM, gen. nov.
Frondes virides dichotomi, rami cylindrici omnino consimiles ex filis tubulosis subparallelis, longitudinaliter dispositi, apice iterum atque iterum divisi contesti, articuli exterioses apice in vesiculos oblongos evoluti corticem pseudoparenchymaticam formantes, rhizini filiformes cum granulis sabulosis et inter se dense intertextis. Progatio ignota.
Species unica. P. De-Vriesei.
Hah, Rupicola, ad littora Nataliad, AfricsB australis.
It resembles in its outward appearance a Godium (Plate I. fig. 1), above all when taken freshly out of the water. Size, colour, habit, recall that genus ; but on looking more attentively the observer will be struck by the fact that the vesicles or clavate ramuli, as Harvey called the peripheral branches of Godium^ adhere closely together and so firmly that it is impossible to detach them from each other without injuring the plant (£g. 2). The peripheral ramuli of Godiu/m, on the contrary, are, as everybody knows, entirely free from the base to the top. The likeness to Godium, however, is so great, that I still thought my alga might belong to this genus, and might perhaps constitute an extreme member of it. Sections made through the frond convinced me of my erroneous opinion and indicated clearly that Pseudocodium is, in fact, much nearer related to Halimeda than to Godixi/m, notwithstanding that the calcareous incrustation and the wedge-shaped joints, both
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXH. P
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210 MBS. WEBEB TAN BOSSE ON PSEUDOCODIUM.
distingaisbing ihe HalimedaB from all the other Godiacese, are wantiDg.
A section through the top of one of the branches of Pseudo- codium shows clearly that the growth of this plant is distinctly- apical (Plate I. fig. 3). The same occurs in Halimeda. At the top the tubes are much thinner than lower down ; they are densely filled with protoplasm, and give off many branches ; each tube bearing its branches mostly on one side. These branches (^g. 4) may divide again or swell up at the apices, trans- forming themselves at once into vesicles, which on their first appearance are roundish and quite free, but soon grow oblong and acquire a generally hexagonal form in transverse section by mutual pressure. When they have assumed this form they adhere so closely together that a section or a piece of the frond must be exposed during a considerable time to the influence of caustic potash, or eventually be boiled in this solution, which dissolves the cork layer covering the surface of the vesicles, before they are detached from each other. Each vesicle is borne on a single shorter or longer stalk by which it is con- nected with the tube from which it sprang. These stalks may be very narrow at the base of the vesicles but a stopper of cellulose, so often seen in the tubes of the Codieae, was not observed (fig. 2).
Besides the branches at the top, all due to apical growth, the primitive tubes may later on and lower down give off secondary tubes or branches, though more rarely. These secondary tubes or later branches grow in all directions between the other tubes. All the tubes are densely filled with grains of amylum, becoming intensely blue on applying chloriodide of zinc. I was unable to study the chromatophores in living material while staying in Natal.
In Oodium the mode of growth is quite different from that of Pseudocodium. First of all the tubes that constitute the interior of the plant, are much thinner. Sections made through an apex of Codium tomentosum, indicate that every tube in this region swells at the top and transforms itself into one of the well-known clavate ramuli of the genus Codium. After this ramulus or vesicle has attained a certain size, a little protuberance appears at its base, and this grows out into a lateral tube (figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). The number of lateral tubes given off in this way may be one or more These new tubes
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MRS. WEBER VAN BOSSE ON PSEUDOCODIUM. 211
increase in size, thej may divide themselves or not, but tbey invariably end by inflating their top into another vesicle. This explains why the vesicles of Godium are always connected with two and often with more tubes at their base. In fact, with the formation of every vesicle ends the growth of a tube ; at the base of the vesicle springs forth a new tube, which repeats the process, that calls to mind the mode of growth of the so-called scorpioid-cyme inflorescence of phanerogamous plants.
The hairs of Godium tomentosum appear later as excrescences at the top of the vesicles.
As I have already stated, I was not successful in finding the organs of fructification of Pseudocodium during the short time at my disposal. I suppose that they must appear in a manner somewhat Hke those of Halimeda and at the outside of the plant, for the vesicles form a pseudo-parenchymatous layer of cells, through which no spores could escape. It will be useless, therefore, to look for sporangia at the base of the vesicles, where they are found in Godium, 1 hope that the zealous investigators of algse in South Africa will soon be able to fill up this blank in the life-history of Pseudocodium,
On examining preserved and much shrunk material in alcohol, I observed a few constrictions on the fronds. I had not remarked these before on the living plants, but I cannot tell whether they escaped my notice or became only visible after exposure of Pseudocodium to the influence of alcohol. These constrictions are places where the growtd from one reason or another springs forth with new vigour and reminded me of what happens at the base of every joint of Halimsda.
Pseudocodium has a green filamentous alga living among its tubes, beneath the pseudo-parenchymatous layer of vesicles. This green alga twines between the tubes and adheres pretty firmly to them. Here, again, I could find no spores and must content myself with calling the attention of others to this curious little plant.
I propose the name of Pseudocodium for our alga, on account of its superficial resemblance to Oodium. 1 have the honour to join to it, as specific name, the well-known name of Prof. Hugo de Vries, of Amsterdam, in grateful remembrance of the hours spent under his tuition.
p2
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212 MRS. WEBER VAN BOSSE ON PSEUDOCODIUM.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Pteudocodiwn De-Vriesei, nat. size.
2. Peripheral yesioles of Pseudocodium, (a) seen from above, (b) seen
from the side. Obj. 0, oc. 2, of Zeiss.
3. Section through the top of a branch. Obj. A, oc. 2.
4. A single tube more enlarged, showing the apical growth. Obj. C,
oc. 2.
5. 6, 7, 8, and 9. Different stages of deyelopment of the yeflicles of
Codium : 6, end of a tube swelling out in a yesicle; 6, first appear- ance of a small protuberance ; 7, 8, 9, yarious stages of the new lateral tube. Obj. 0, oc. 2, slightly reduced.
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Van Rosse .
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ON THE ORCHIDEJE AND APOSTASIACEiE. 213
The Orchidece and ApostasiaoecB of the Malay Peninsula. By Heney Ridley, M.A., P.L.S., Director Gardens and Forest Department, Singapore.
[Bead 5th April and 3rd May, 1894.]
The plants enumerated and described in this paper are those of the Malay Peninsula, from Kedah State (lat. 7^ N., long. QO^'-SO to 104''-30 E.) to Singapore, including the Lankawi Islands, and all other islands adjacent to the west coast, and the islands of Pulau Tioman, Pulau Tinggi, and Pulau Aor, on the east coast of Johore. I have added a few from Southern Siam, on the borders of the Malay Peninsula.
The whole area is about 60,000 square miles in extent. Much of this country is as yet practically unknown botanically ; the northern States and the hill ranges which form the main chain of the peninsula, when it is possible to explore these, will doubtless add very largely to our knowledge. Of the earlier collectors, Cuming and Lobb found many species in Singapore, and both visited Mount Ophir in Malacca. Unfortunately Lobb*s collections were so irregularly labelled that it is often doubtful as to where he obtained his specimens. In Wallich*s Herbarium are a number of species collected by himself in Singapore and Penang, and by Finlayson in Penang and other parts of the peninsula. Griffith collected many on Mount Ophir and other parts of Malacca, and Maingay collected also in Penang and Malacca. Perak, a very rich district, has been explored by Father Scortechini, Mr. Wray, of the Perak Museum, Kunstler, Mr. Curtis, and myself. Mr. Curtis has obtained many species also in Penang, Kedah, the Lankawi Islands, and on the Siamese coast. I have visited myself, within the last six years, the States of Johore, Malacca, Pahang, Selangor, Sungei Ujong, Perak, Kedah, and the Island of Penang ; as well as investigated pretty thoroughly the Island of Singapore ; and I have received from many other parts of the peninsula, living and herbarium specimens from native dealers, and from various private persons ; among the latter Lieut. Kelsall, R.A., obtained valuable series from the high hill, Bukit Hitam, and from the limestone caves of Kwala Lumpur in Selangor, and also from various parts of the interior of Johore, during an expedition across the peninsula in company
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214 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEiE AND
^nth Mr. Lake ; and Dr. Keith while residing at Bangtaphan in Siam sent a number of herbarium specimens, with sketches and notes, as well as living plants.
In the following list, I have marked with " v.s." those that I have only examined in a dry state, and due allowance must be made for post-mortem changes in these. A large proportion of the species described are or have been under cultivation in the botanic Gardens in Singapore. I have added here and there a few descriptions of species from outside the Malay Peninsula, •chiefly plants closely allied to the peninsular species. These descriptions are enclosed in brackets. AW the localities marked with a ! and no collector's name, were obtained by myself; and those which have no ! are species which I have not .seen in the peninsula.
Habitats, — The greater part of the Malay Peninsula is covered with dense jungle which extends to the tops of nearly all the hills, though the trees at about 4,000 feet elevation are more stunted. In the low country forest epiphytic orchids are com- paratively rare, and when they occur are usually situated on the upper branches of the loftiest trees, so as to be nearly inaccessible. Terrestrial orchids, chiefly Neottiece, some of which are saprophytic, occur scattered all through the forests, usually sparingly, and owing to their dull or brown colouring are often very inconspicuous. The mangrove swamps and tidal river banks are often very rich in epiphytic species, which sometimes thickly cover the branches of the trees. In the drier and more sunny spots along the sea coast, and the more open rivers, species of Thrixspermum, Renanthera, and Aerides scramble over the rocks in thick masses. The open country where the forests have disappeared produces but few species ; Spathoglottis plicata, Blume, Eulophiay Qeodorum, Bromheadia palustris^ Lindl., Habenaria lacertifera, Benth., occur in dry grassy spots. Liparis paradoxa, Reichb. f ., Thrlxspermum lilacinum, Reichb. f ., and Vanda Hookeriana, Reichb. f ., grow in the grassy swamps. A few common species are abundant in the orchards and gardens of the villages ; such are Dendrohium crumenatum^ Sw., D. pumilum, Roxb., D. Leonis, Reichb. f., D. micranthum^ Lindl., Cirrhopetalum vaginatum^ Lindl., Bulbophyllum clan- destiumy Lindl., Dendrocolla Trichoglottis, and D. JUiformtSj and Acriopsis javanica, Reinw.
In many of the hill forests, orchids become more abundant, as
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APOSTASUCEJE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 215
one ascends ; the jnDgle becomes more open, and on the exposed rocky slopes, called Padang Batu (stone fields) by the natives, a great variety can often be fotind. And in these places it is noticeable that species which in the low conntry are only to be found on the tops of the loftiest trees, are here to be seen growing on the ground or quite low down on the stems and branches of the bushes and small trees. Thus, on Kedah Peak, at about 3,000 feet elevation, the ground in some places is thickly carpeted with plants of Bulbophyllum, Ocelogyne, Dendrohium, PlatycUnis, Erta, &c., in such a manner that one is up to one's waist in them.
A very difiPerent orchid flora is that of the limestone hills, which are scattered about all over the peninsula, but which chiefly run in a broken line north and south. These hills are usually mere isolated masses of crystalline limestone, of no great size or altitude, often many miles apart, but apparently forming lines parallel to the main chain of granite mountains which forms the backbone of the peninsula. Orchids are here very plentiful, growing both on the weathered pinnacles of rock, and on the small trees and shrubs growing in the crevices. The rocks of the Lankawi Islands, which have produced so many peculiar plants of all orders, are also of limestone.
Flowering of Orchids, — The rainfall being very heavy, and spread over the whole year, there is no distinction of wet and dry seasons ; this is probably the reason why there is no special flowering season for most orchids. The greater part of the species flower at longer or shorter intervals throughout the year, though perhaps more may be found in bloom in the first three months. Calanthe curculigoides, Lindl., and GrammatO' phyllum speciosumy Blume, are exceptions ; the former flowering regularly in November, the latter in August or September. Saprophytic plants appear generally when hot and dry weather follows heavy rains ; and this applies not only to orchids such as Lecanorchis and Didymoplexis, but also to the BunnanniaeecB {Thismiaj Burmannia tuberosay Becc, and Oymnosiphon) and saprophytes of other orders ; so that when one or other of these is found, the others may be expected to be in flower as well ; but merely clearing a track through the jungle will often cause these plants to appear in a few weeks, whatever be the weather. A certain number of species flower irregularly all through the year, and are indeed rarely out of flower. Others, of which Bendro^
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216 MR. HENBT BIDLET ON OBCHIDEiE AND
hium crumenatum, Sw., is the best known, invariably produce their flowers simnltaneonsly on certain days. The special day holds good throughout the district ; almost every plant bursts into blossom, and may remain in flower for but a few hours, . sometimes a whole day ; after which the flowers wither and no more appear till the next flowering day. Even plants brought from as far north as Siam to Singapore conform immediately to the Singapore day, and do not flower on that of their native place. Observation seems to show no correlation with the weather ; though if there is very heavy rain on the day that the flowers are ready to open, they usually delay till it is over. Besides Dendrobium crumenatum, Sw., D, teres, Lindl., D. Kunstleri, Hook, f., D. crimferum, Lindl., and other species of the Desmotrichum section of Dendrohium, BulbophyUum concinnum, Hook, f., B. macranthum, Lindl., £ria floribunda^ Lindl., E. densa, mihi, &c., behave in the same way. The advantages for purposes of fertilization, especially in the case of plants producing flowers singly, is obvious ; for were these to flower one at a time, as their blossoms are but short-lived, they would run a great risk of not being fertilized at all. But what causes the plants to break out into bloom on a definite day is not at all clear.
There is a considerable variation in the method of opening of the fluwers.
In some, all the flowers in the raceme open simultaneously, as in Cirrhopetalum. Others produce a raceme which, g^wing and elongating slowly, bears each day three or four fully open flowers only ; these, unless fertilized, fall the next day, before or as soon as the next three or four open. A raceme of GraTtmiatophyllum, developing in this manner, will last for a month and a half. The intervals of time between the opening of the two adjacent flowers may be thus from one to several days ; but they are longest in the FomicarioBy Thriasperma, and Bulbophylla of the section Intervallaioe, Here the rhachis grows very slowly, and the flowers open one by one, with intervals of from about 10 days (Dendrocolla fiUformis, Ridl.) to more than a month (BulbophyUum Stella, Ridl.) ; so that a raceme may take nearly a year before it has come to the last flower.
Distribution, — The orchid - flora of the whole region is tolerably homogeneous, and may be generally spoken of as strictly Malayan ; a considerable proportion being common to
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apostasiacej: op the malay peninsula. 217
Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. In the north, however, above Eedah Peak, a number of Tenasserim species, such as Spatho- glottis Handingtana, Par. et Reichb. f., Bendrohia of the Speciosce section, Stauropsis gtganteus^ Benth., Vanda teres, Lindl., appear; and many of the typical Malayan genera, such as Claderia, Dipodium^ Appendicula and Podochilus become scarce or disappear. When this portion of the country is explored, I believe we shall find a tolerably clear line of demar- cation between the two floras, somewhere between the latitude of the Lankawi Islands and Kedah Peak. The flora of this latter mountain has a remarkable similarity to that of Mount Ophir, far away to the south, and is very different from that of the intermediate Perak hills.
Throughout the peninsula there is an Australian element in the flora, chieOy to be observed in the open country, by the seashore, or on the tops of the higher hills. This is illustrated by the representation of such genera as Casuarina, Lepidosperma^ Bceckea, Leptospermum, Melaleuca, and Gahnia. But the only typical Australian genera of orchids are Cryptostylis and Cory- santhes; the former of which is found as far north and west as the Himalayas and Ceylon.
There is no trace here of the African element as illustrated by the genera Mijstacidium, Satyrium, and Disperis in the Indian flora.
Of the 87 genera as yet known from this region, 9 are common to both hemispheres, viz., Microstylis, lAparis, Bulhophyllum , Calanthe, Polystachya, Vanilla, Pogoniu, Habenaria, and Cypri- pedium. Four others occur through India as far west as Africa, viz., Eulophia, Acampe, Corymbis, and Zeuxine, Fifteen are confined to the Malay Peninsula and archipelago, and are absent from the Indian region, viz., Claderta, PlatycUnis, Dendrochilufn, Chrysoglossum, Qrammatophyllum, Bromheadia, Ploeoglottis, Microsaccus, Adenoncos, Vrydag2synea, Cystorchis^ Dossinta, Hylophila, Dilochia, Oxyanthera; while Hcemaria is also found in China, Lecanorchis in Japan, and Cory santhes and Cryptostylis in Australia. The remainder occur also in India, with the exception of L&iicolena, BenanfherelUiy and Ascochilus, which have as yet been only met with in the Malay Peninsula.
Native Names. — The Malays call all the epiphytic species generically " Angrek,'* or " Sakat.** The latter name, however, is applied also to a number of other epiphytic plants, such as
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218 ME. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJE AND
Bhaphidophora and Epipremnum, They seldom confuse other epiphytic plants with orchids ; and distinguish them from epiphytic ferns, &c., with considerable accuracy. The terrestrial orchids with large plicate leaves, such as Calanthe and Spaiho- glottis^ are usually called ^^ Lumbahy*' or the reduplicative " Lulumhah " for " Lumhah-Lumhah.^* Properly speaking, this name belongs to Gurculigo sumatrana, Roxb., and the similarity of the leaves is the cause of the ti-ansference of the name.
OBERONIA, Lindl. Sect. 1. Acaules*
0. DI88ITIFLORA, Ridl., sp, ftova. Acaulis. Radices copio6». Foliay 4f-5, 3 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata (vel minora), ensiformia, falcata, subacuta, camosnla. Spicu 5 poll, longa, gracilis, ferme omnino florifera; rhachis basi anceps, supeme teres. Flares copiosi, minimi, dissiti nee fasciculati, flavi. Bractem ovatse, obtus89, ciliatse, virides apice albae. Ovarium brevius- culum, glabrum. Sepala late ovata, obtusa, integra, glabra. Petala lanceolata, angustiora, integra, glabra. Lahellvm sepalis paullo longins, ovatum, quadratum, obtusum, apice ciliatum ; fovea couspicua, smaragdina. Anthera ovata, citrina ; pollinia majuscula, mfescentia.
Hah, Singapore : Kranji, rare !
This distinct little species, with very short-pedicelled flowers, belongs to the group with rather broad petals and an entire lip.
O. STENOPHYLLA, Ridl., sp, fwva. Acaulis, caBspitosa. Radices copiosaB. Folia 2^ poll, longa, ^J poll, lata, ensiformia, falcata, acuta vel subacuta. Spica 3| poll, longa, gracilis, curva, ferme omnino florifera; rhachis teres, canaliculata. Flores copiosi, minuti, fasciculati ; fasciculi dissiti. Bractem cum pedicellis sequilongse, lanceolatae, acuminatsB. Sepala et petala subaequalia, ovato-oblonga, obtusa. Labelli lobi laterales late oblongi laciniati, medins obtriangularis emarginatus, angulis acutis.
Hah. Johore : Hulu Sembrong, Lake and Kelsall ! v.s.
This species belongs to the group with broad petals, and a three-lobed lip (the median lobe nearly bifid). It is allied to 0. insectifera, Hook, f . The flowers appear to have been yellow.
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APOSTASIACEfi OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 219
[Oberonia Treubii, Eidl, sp. nova, Acaulis, pnsilla. Folia 1^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, ensiformia, acuta, carnosa, ssepe rufescentia. Spica 2-3-poll. longa, ferme omDino florifera. Flares miuuti, subverticillati. Bractece cnm pedicellis sequi- longae, lanceolatae, acnminatae. Sepala et petala subsiinilia, snbaBqualia, ovato-lanceolata, obtnsa, pallide rufescentia ; sepala lateralia deflexa. Labellum 3-lobum, laete rubrum ; lobi lateral es rotundati, medius longior rotund afcus obtusus. Golumna parva, flava. Capsula -^ poll, longa, oblonga.
Hab. Java ; on trees in Buitenzorg Gardens.
Dr. Treub first sent me this pretty little species ; subse- quently I saw it in the Baitenzorg Gardens.]
0. ScoRTECHiNi, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 683. Hab. Perak : Scortechini.
0. INSECTIFERA, Hook. /., Ic. PI, t. 2004.
Hab, Perak : Larut, King's Collector, Pahang : Tahan River.
O. LUNATA, Lindl, Gen, et Sp, Orch., p. 17. Hab, Singapore : Selitar ! On a high tree, Ridley (n. 364). A very pretty tufted species with innumerable flowers, so closely arranged that the red lips alone are visible.
O. ROSEA, Hook.f., Ic. PL, t. 2005.
Hab. Perak : Gunong Batu Putih, Wray, Larut Hills, King's Collector.
Sect. 2. Caulescent es,
O, ANCEPS, Lindl, Sert. Orch,, sub t. 8 B. Hab, Singapore : Kranji !
Malacca : Tanjong Kling ! (by the sea, on Calophyllum
and Terminalia Catappa) ; Pengkalan Minyak ! Penang: Waterfall Hill !
Pahang : Passir Loyang ! Pahang River mouth ! Perak : Bindings ! The commonest species in the peninsula : abundant on trees in many parts of the low country. Flowers ochre-yellow. In Malacca it is known as " Sakat Lidah Buaya " — " Crocodile's tongue Orchid,*' and the leaves are made into poultices for boils.
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220 MR. HENBT BIDLET ON OBCHIDEJ: AND
Obebonia minuta, LindL, Bot, Reg, (1843) Misc., p. 6.
Hah. Singapore : Sort Loddiges,
I have not met with this. As it is stated to occur in the Philippine Islands (Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 685), it was probably wrongly localised in Loddiges' (Jardens.
0. GBACiLis, Hook, /., Fl. Brit. Ind,, v. p. 685. Hah. Perak : Kinta River, King*8 Collector.
0. POBPHYBOCHILA, Rtdl.y sp. tiova. SubacauHs. Radices longse, tennes. Folia usque ad 6 poll, longa, i poll, lata, lorata, acuminata, falcata, flaccida. Spica 4 poll, longa, tenuis, forme omnino florifera ; rhachis angulata, glabra. Floras minimi, in spicae basi approximati in apice fasciculati, flavescentes. Bractem lineares, acutae, integrae. Sepala brevia, ovata, obtusa. Petala linearia, sepalis multo augustiora, flavescentia. Lahellum 3-lobum, ovatum, purpureum, auri- culis longis recurvis ; lobus medius lobis brevibus divaricatis bifidus, margine undique denticulatus.
Hah. Selangor : Bukit Hitam, Lieut. Kelsall !
0. ciLiOLATA, Hook. f. J Fl. Brit. Ind.,Yi, p. 181.
Ha^. Singapore : not rare in the mangrove swamps, Kranji t
Sungei Morai ! Chan Chu Kang ! Changi ! Ridley
(n. 2034 a). Malacca : Sungei Kesang ! Flowers whitish-yellow.
0. brunescens, Ridl.j sp. nova, Gaulis 1 poll, longus. Folia f poll, longa, \ poll, lata, cultrata, falcata, acuta. Spica 4 poll, longa, gracillima, teres, basi longe nuda. Flores remoti, minimi, rufo-brunei ; pedicelli graciles. Bractece ovataB, acutaa. Sepala ovato-oblonga, integra. Petala lata, ovata, laciniata. Lahellum ovatum, laciniatum, non lobatum. Oapsula ^ poll, longa, ellipsoideo-pyriforrais.
Hah. Perak : Larut Hills !
MICROSTYLIS, Nutt.
M. CALOPHTLLA, Reichh. f. in Oard. Chron. (1879), ii. p. 718. Jlf. Scotiii, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 678, et Bot. Mag., t. 7268. Liparis elegantissima, Hort.
M. Scottiiy Hook, f., was described from a drawing of a plant
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apostasiacej: of the malat peninsula. 221
found at Rangoon by Mr. Scott. Later a plant obtained from a native dealer by the Singapore Gturdens was sent to Kew ; where it flowered, and was figured in the * Bot. Mag.* In 1893, a number of plants were brought down from the Tonka district (in Siam) to the Fenang Gkirdens. Reichenbach's If. calophylla was described without locality. I received some years ago a speci- men from Mr. Moore, of Glasnevin Oardens, which he informed me was from the plant sent to Beichenbach ; and I have seen specimens of this plant collected in Borneo by Dr. Haviland. M. calophylla, Reichb. f., and M. Scottiiy Hook, f., are I think identical.
MiCROSTYLIS ACUTANGULA, Mooh, /., Ic. PI, t. 1835, et Ft.
-Bi^. In(f.,v. p. 688.
Hoib, Perak : Batang Padang, Wray ! Larut Hills ! (rocks at 4,000 feet alt.). Selangor : Bukit Hitam, LieuL KeUall. Flowers light green.
M. MiCRANTHA, Hooh, /., Ic, PI, t. 1834, et Fl. Brit. Ind,, V. p. 688. Terrestris, longe repens. Gaules 6 poll, longi, teretes, succulenti, ebulbosi. Folia subdisticha, petiolata, tenuia, lanceolata, acuta, crispa, patula, dissita, pulcherrime cuprea subtus virescentia ; petiolus | poll, longus, purpureus ; lamina 2-4 poll, loiiga, | poll. lata. Bacemus 4-6 poll, longus, erectus, gracilis, teres, purpureus, basi longe (usque ad f partem) nudus. Flores parvi, copiosi, dissiti. Bractece lineares, acuminated, recurvsB. Sepala lorata, obtusa, recurva, purpuras- centia. Petala sepalis subsimilia, paullo minora. Labellum ovate, laete flavum, auriculis magnis loratis obtusis ; laminae dentes 5, viz. 4 breves acuti, 1 medius major obtusus ; fovea distincta, viridi-rotundata. Oolumna brevis, viridis ; stelidia magna, porrecta, rotundata : anthera flava. Gapsula \ poll, longa, brevissime pedicellata, oblonga.
Hah, Singapore : Bukit Mandai ! Selitar ! Changi ! Chan Ghu Kang ! Malacca : B, Berry ! Perak : Larut Hills, alt. 5,000 feet ! Johore : Gunong Pulai !
This foliage species (resembling Avanturina) belongs to the small group of creeping Microstylides ; its nearest ally being If. commelinifolia, Zoll. et Mor., of Java and Borneo. It
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222 MR. HENRY RIDLET ON ORCHIDEJ! AND
inhabits damp woods, where it grows on and through the damp woods like an AnoectochUus, It is very impatient of cnltivation.
MiCROSTYLis PERAKENSis, Ridl.^ sp. fiova, M, plantoginea. Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 688 (non Stend., Nomencl., ed. II. ii. p. 144). Gaulis repens, § poll, crassns. Folia plnra, dissita, admodam insequalia, ovata aut ovato-lanceolata, acuta, plicata, costata, admodum ineeqnilatera, tennia, yiridia ; petiolus 1-2 poll, longns, crassns, canalicnlatns ; lamina 6 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata. Scopus pedalis, erectns, validns, qnadrangnlaris, basi (bracteis pancis exceptis) nndns. Flores plnrimi, dissiti, pro genere spectabiles. Bractece j poll, longse, deflexae, lanceolatao acuminatee acatae. Fedicdli ^ poll, longi, patentes. Sepalum posticnm oblongnm cbtnsnm, lateralia ^ poll, longa ovato- oblonga postico latiora labello breviora. LdbeUum maximum ; auriculsB | poll, longae, lanceolatae acutaa, sepalum posticnm Buperantes, violaceo-rosesB ; lamina parva, rotundata, dentibus 6 longis incurvis roseis ; fovea profunda, elliptica, marginibus multum elevatis. Columna alta, pro genere smaragdina; stelidia porrecta, oblonga, truncata ; anthera depressa, flava.
Hah, Perak: Batu Kuran, G. Curtis (Fl. in Hort. Penang, Aug., 1893).
What is evidently this species was referred by Sir Joseph Hooker to If. plantaginea, Steud. (Fterochilus planta^gineus^ Hook, and Arn.), a native of the Society Islands, from which I believe this plant to be quite distinct. The foliage and stem are very similar in the two; but in M. perdkensis the bracts are twice as long, the sepals shorter, the lip, instead of being nearly quadrate, is almost three-lobed. The auricles are very large, longer than the dorsal sepal ; and, between them and the dentate mid-lobe, is a distinct notch. The mid-lobe is quite short, with six in-curved processes. In M. plantaginea, Steud., the lip is oblong, squared in outline, there being no distinction of the mid-lobe; the teeth are shorter, more equal, more numerous, and straight ; and the fovea oval-rounded.
Crepidium Bheedii, Blnme, also referred to M, plantaginea, Steud., is I believe a totally difEerent plant, with much smaller flowers. I have received it from Java. Lindley*s If. Bheedii consisted of a mixture of Epidendrum resupinatum, Forst. f . (i.e., M. plantagineusy Steud.), Malaxis Bheedii, Willd. (syn. MicrO' stylis Bheedii, Wight), a native of India; and Orepidium
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APOSTASUCEiE OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 223
Bheedii, Blame (which, however, he marks with a ?), the Javanese plant. In the monograph of Microstylts I adopted Lindlej's name for the Polynesian plant as being the oldest name, and as being the onlj one of the three plants Lindley incladed of which he had seen anything. But it wonld perhaps have been better to suppress the name altogether, as Sir Joseph Hooker has done.
MiCROSTYLis PRAsiNA, BidLy sp, fiova. PseudO'hulhi vetusti 3 poll.longi, f poll, lati, basi incrassati, novi crassi undiqne foliati. Folia nsqne ad 7-9 poll, longa 3 poll, lata, tennia ; petiolns crassns, canaliculatus, marginatns ; lamina lanceolata ant ovato- lanceolata acuta, in petiolnm attennata, 5-nervis, viridis vel pnrpnreo - nervata, margine crispata. Bacemus 6 poll, vel ultra longus, crassns, obscure angulatus, basi longe nudus supeme sublaxe racemosus, viridis vel purpurascens. Flores plures, virides. BracteoB I poll, longae, lanceolatse, triangulares acuminatse, deflexse. Pedicelli | poll, longi, graciles, patentes. SepaJa ^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, oblonga, obtusa. Petala sepalis longiora, anguste linearia. Labellum f poll, lougum et latum, snborbicnlare, apice late obtuse 3-lobatum ; auriculee magnsB, rotundataD, falcatsB; fovea parva, profunda, margine hand elevata. Golumna smaragdina ; stelidia elongata, erecta, apice obtusa.
Hah. Siam: Tonka!
Allied to If. Wallichii, Liudl. Leaves very variable. Flowers light semi-transparent green, darker in the centre of the lip, where the texture round the fovea appears glandular.
M. MACROCHILA, Bolfe, in Kew Bull, n. 97 (1895), p. 6. Hah. Siam.
Brought (with M. proMtia) from Siam, sent to England by Mr. Curtis. Not from Pulau Aor, as suggested by Rolfe.
M. CONOESTA, Beichb. f. in Walp. Ann., vi. p. 206. Hob, Singapore : Chan Chu Kang ! Kranji ! Teban ! Sungei Pandan! Malacca : Sungei Hudang ! Bukit Batu Fija ! Penang : Pulau Batong, 0. Curtis ! Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills ! Rhio ; Christ. Smith (in Herb. Mus. Brit.). This is common in open dry woods in many parts of the
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224 MR. HENBT BIDLET ON OBCHIDEJE AND
peninstila. It is a terrestrial plant. There are two forms ; the commonest here being the one with purple flowers (the var. fusca^Dienia fmca^ Lindl.), which grows in the damper woods ; while the other, with green or greenish yellow flowers, grows in drier spots.
It is commonly self -fertilized, the pollinia falling out of the anther upon the stigina over the edge of the very small rostellum. It almost invariably fruits, hardly a flower failing to set, and, like Spathoglottis plicatOj Blume, and Spiranthes australiSf Lindl., both self -fertilized plants, it is very widely distributed, occurring in Northern India, Burmah, Siam, Andaman Islands, China, Java, and Northern Australia. The natives in Malacca call it *' Siqundol Hutan."
LIPARIS, L. C. Rich.
L. VENOSA, BidL in Journ. Linn. 8oc. (Bot,) xxiv. (1888) p. 350. Hob. Singapore : Chan Chu Kang !
Johore : Drawing at Kew !
Perak: Scortechini. A very beautiful plant, but by no means common.
L. FERRUGINEA, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. (1848) p. 55. Hah. Malacca : Griffith ! (in herb. Kew.)
Perak : King* 8 Gollector. Perhaps not distinct from L. nervosa, Lindl.
L. NERVOSA, Lindl.y Gen. et 8p. Orch., p. 26. L. odorata, Lindl., I.e., p. 26. L. paradoxa, Reichb. f . in Walp. Ann., vi. p. 218.
Hdb. Singapore : Changi ! Ang Mokio ! Reservoir ! Malacca : Chabau ! (in rice fields.)
In the genera and species of Orchidaceous plants Lindley described, as three distinct plants, Empusa paradoxal based on specimens collected by Wallich in Northern India ; L. odorata^ based on a figure by Rheede in the Hortus Malabaricus, and L. nervosa, based on figures by Reeves and Thunberg. The first two have long since been recognised as belonging to the same species, a very widely distributed one. But L. nervosa I thought better to keep separate (see my monograph of Liparis in * Journ. Linn. Soc' (Bot.), xxii. (1886) 262), on the ground that it was quite distinct in colour, being purple flowered
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APOSTASIACEJS OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 225
instead of yellow, aud a native of China and Japan, whereas Z. paradoxa was only known from the Indian region, though I CO a Id see no stmctural difiPerence between the two.
In March, 1889, however, while collecting in a marshy spot at Ang Mo Kio, in Singapore, I found three plants of a species of Liparis, one of which was in flower, and was evidently L. paradoxes, Beichb. f. It had greenish yellow flowers much the colour of those of L, Loeselii, A. Rich. The other two plants were in bud. The locality was a hot exposed wet grassy field, full of such grasses as Leersia hexandra, Sw., and Isachne austraUsj B. Br. ; and Thrixspermum lilacinnmi, Beichb. f., was scrambling through the grasses. The water was about 2 feet deep, with the Liparis growing in it. I removed the two unopened plants to the Botanic Gttrdens, had them potted and put into a sbady place ; both flowered in a few days, and were exactly similar in colouring. The sepals were exposed to the light when in bud, and the centres of the lip were of a deep purple black ; while that part of the sepals which was covered by the lip and the edges of the lip (which were turned down- wards, and so not exposed to full light) were green. In fact the flowers exactly resembled figures of L. nervosa of China.
This change of colour was the more striking as one of the plants had its buds very well developed when moved to the garden, and did not show any signs of darkening till it had been put in the shade.
From this I think it is clear that the two species are really the same, and that the colouring of the S. nervosa form is due to something analogous to melanism in animals.
I have already referred to a similar variation in colour in Microstylis congestay Beichb. f. The Thrixspermum Ula^num, Beichb. f., too, which I got out of the same marsh as the Liparis, had its flowers nearly white, but grown in shade they put on the fine lilac colouring from which the plant takes its name. Indeed this plant varies very much in depth of colour in cultivation according to the brilliancy of the sun before opening.
Liparis Wrayii, Hook, /l, Fl, Brit Ind,, vi. p. 181. Hah. Perak: Wray.
L. TRANSTILLATA, Hidl., sp. nova. Pseudo-hulbus vetujtus 1^ poll, longns, f poll, crassus, cylindricus. Gaulis junior a
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. q
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226 MB. HENBT BIDLET ON OBCHIDEiE AND
foliorum vaginis fere omnino tectns. Folia circa 4, 6 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, ovata ant ovato-lanceolata, acnta, admodam obliqua, plicata, Isete virentia, neryis 8 depressis ; petioli 2 poll, long], lati, profande canalicalati ; vagined 1 poll, longae. B-acemus 6 poU. longns; rhachis alata, basi nnda, snpeme crispo-angalata. Flares mediocres, reyersi; pedicelli f poll. loDgi, graciles, purparei. Sepala lorata, patula, lateralia ^ poll, longa conyoluta parpnrascentia. Petala sepalis angus- tiora, linearia, pallidiora. Lahellum nngaiculatum, latum; lamina ^ poll, lata, late oblonga, tmncata, deflexa, obscure crenulata, atro-purpurea ; canaliculus median us olivaceus; callus basalis viridis e cost^ rect4 transversa (in cuspidibus purpureA) structus. Columna suberecta, apice cucullata recurva^ albescenti-flava ; stelidia parva, oblonga, truncata; clinandrii margo integer, rotundatus ; anthera plana, flava.
Eah. Perak: Maxwell's Hill, alt. 3,000 feet!
Grew with Microstylis acutangula, Hook. f. Flowered in the Singapore Garden. Allied to L, atropurpureaj Lindl., of Ceylon ; but differs, inter alia, in the form of the callus.
LiPABis Maingayi, RicU. Microstylis Maingayi, Hook, f., Ic, PI., t. 1826, et ¥1. Brit. Ind., v. p. 689. Hab, Penang : Waterfall Hill, 0. Curtis ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir ! Perak: Larut Hills ! Kedah : Kedah Peak ! Grows on vertical, constantly wet, rock-faces. The amount of laciniation of the lip is very irregular; in a Penang specimen the lip was distinctly 2-lobed.
L. PABVULA, BM, Microstylis parvula, Hook, f., Ic. PL, t. 1827 B, et Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 690.
Hob, Perak : Larut Hills, Maxwell's Hill, on dry rocks !
This, and the preceding species, with L. furcata [t.e., Microstylis furcata, Hook, f., Ic. PL, t. 1827 A, et FL Brit. Ind., V. p. 690], are closely allied plants of quite peculiar habit, possessing a single large well developed leaf, borne on a short stem covered with three or four sheathing leaves, which is, after flowering, developed into a large, oval, thick, pale green pseudo-bulb. Sir Joseph Hooker, Ic. PL, t. 1826, is in doubt whether to refer the first-named to Microstylis or Liparis, deciding eventually for the former. I am more inclined to
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APOSTASIACKE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 227
the affinities of all three being with Ltparis, for the following^ reasons; the column (in L. Maingayi especiallj) is much longer than is usual in Microstylis, and as this appears to me to be the chief distinguishing mark between the two genera^ it must be allowed to have great weight. With respect to the form of the column, it is (in specimens from Penang Hill examined alive) broadly dilated at the base, narrowed upwards^ and arched over the lip. The stelidia are distinct, though not very large. In L, parvula the column is much shorter, but still stands up well over the base of the lip, and the stelidia are much larger. Turning to the lip, we find that there is no claw, as in many (but not all) Liparides. There is a distinct fovea at the base in both species, and in the fovea are distinct but small calli. The presence of the fovea, a rounded depression at the base of the lip, is usual in Mtcrostylis, but it does occur, also, in some of the Liparides, e.g., L, venosay Bidl., where there is also a callus behind it. Finally, the lip is not auricled, as it is in most of the Crepidium section of Microstylis, For these reasons, I think that these plants should be referred to the genus Liparis. The colour of the flowers of both these species is not " dark blue *' (as given doubtless from tickets written by native collectors), but a deep claret colour. (The Malay has no word in his own language for blue, and does not seem clearly to distinguish it, but always calls dark-red blue.)
Liparis parvula, Bidl., so closely resembles young plants of L. Maingayi, Bidl., that it is quite impossible to distinguish it when out of flower. In specimens from Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills, Perak, I find the lip thickened by a longitudinal bar down the centre with a transverse bar at the upper end, which forms the lower wall of the fovea ; while at the lower end it bifurcates, one arm going into each of the tails at the end of the lip. The margins of the lip are much thinner ; and on the tails are numerous unicellular processes, doubtless rudiments of laciniation.
Liparis (§ Coriifoli^) lacerata, Bidl. in Joum. Linn, 8oc. (Bot), xxii. (1886) p. 284. Hob. Perak : Scortechini, Ac.
Kedah : Ounong Bayah, 0. Cwtis ! Borneo. On trees in dense jungle. Flowers white, with orange lip.
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228 MR. HENRY RIDLET ON ORCHIDE£ AND
LiPARis LATiFOLU, LifidL, Qen. et Sp. Orch.<^ p. 30. L. Scortechiniy Hook, f., Ic. PL, t. 2009, et Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 703.
Hob. Perak : Qiinong Hijan, and other parts of Larut Hills ! Selangor : Bukit Hitam, Lieut, KeUall ! — Java.
Bather a handsome species ; sepals and petals pallid pinkish white ; lips reddish apricot colour. On trees, at 4-5,000 feet alt.
L. ELEGANS, Lindl.y Qen, et Sp, Orch.y p. 30, in Wall. List, n. 1943. L, gracilis, Hook, f., Ic. PL, t. 2011.
Hab. Singapore : common ; Selitar ! Kranji, Sungei Buloh !
Johore : Near the town !
Malacca : Bnkit Bmang ! Mt. Ophir !
Perak : Near the Waterfall, ThaipiDg !
Pahang ; Pekan !
Penang : Moniot's Road, Waterfall Hill, Curtis !
Kedah : Kedah Peak, alt. 3,000 feet !
Lankawi Islands : Kwala Malacca, Curtis ! This species, so long doubtful, proves to be the commonest species of the genus in the peninsala. It is almost always terrestrial, growing either directly on the ground or on old stumps in dry woods, more rarely on the lower branches or trunk of a tree. It is most abundant in the low country near the sea ; but ascends to 3,000 or 4,000 feet altitade on Kedah Peak and Mount Ophir. It frequently produces a rather long, fltiff, woody rhizome, with distant pseudo-bulbs ; but I have seen forms with crowded pseudo-bulbs and short leaves, which look at first sight as if of a distinct species. The sepals and petals are pale yellowish, the lip orange. The fruit varies from ^ to ^ in. in length.
I cannot separate L, gracilis, Hook. f. L. elegans, LindL, Sir Joseph Hooker pats under a section with a solitary leaf, and says that the pseudo-bulbs are hardly developed ; but in all the plants which I have seen there are very conspicuoas pseudo-bulbs, And two or more leaves to each, as Mr. Rolfe, too, describes it.
L. FLACCiPA, Beichh,/, in Linnoea, xli. (1877) p. 45.
Hah, Malacca : Machap, B, Berry ! Perak : King's Collector,
The Malacca specimens are fully as big as the Javanese. Those obtained by King^s Collector in Perak were, according to Sir Joseph Hooker, much smaller and had no calli on the lip. The Malacca plants have, at the base of the lip, two small
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APOSTASIACEJI OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 22^
bosse3, which might easily be overlooked in dry specimens.. The flowers are coloured exactly as in L. elegans, Lindl., and a big clump, with numerous nodding racemes of the very small flowers, is really very elegant. It grows usually on very lofty trees.
LiPARis LONQIPES, Inndl., Oen, et Sp. Orch., p. 30 ; et in Wall.y. PL As. Bar., i. p. 31, t. 35.
Hob, Penang : Sungkei River, Curtis ! n. 507. Perak : Batang Padang, Wray !
This common Indian species seems very scarce in the Malay Peninsula. I have only seen two or three specimens collected in Penang by Mr. Curtis, and those in the Kew Herbarium obtained by Mr. Wray.
L. COMOSA, Bidl.y sp. nova. Pseudo-hulbi f poll, longi,. approximati, conici. Folia 4^ poll, longa, j poll, lata, anguste lanceolata acuta, basi longe attenuata. Bacemus 6 poll, longus, erectus, basi loDge nudus complanatus tenuiter alatus. Flores parvi ; pedicelli ^ poll, longi. Bra^ctece J poll, longsa, cum floribus subsBquilongee, lanceolatee, setaceaB. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum loratum, lateralia multo latiora lanceolata. Petala linearia. Lahellum oblongum, subquadratum, apice rotundatum ;. calli nulli. Columna basi incrassata, superne paullo arcuata ; alsB breves, obscurse. Capsula J poll, longa, ellipsoidea,. subglobosa.
Hah. Perak: Tea Gardens, Larut Hills, alt. 1,500 feet, 0. GuHis !
Allied to L. ccegpUosa, Lindl., L. angustifolia, Lindl., and L. ohscura, Hook, f., but larger than these. The flowers appear to have been green.
L. (§ Distich*) disticha, Lindl. in Bot. Reg., sub t. 882. Bah. Singapore : Kranji ! Chan Chu Kang ! Sungei Moral \ Bukit Mandai ! Johore : Kwala Kahang, Lake and Kelscdl ! PahaDg : KotA Glanggi, on limestone rocks ! Lankawi Islands : G. Curtis ! A tufted plant, growing on low trees in or close to mangrove swamps in Singapore, and on the rocks and bushes in the limestone districts of Kota Glanggi and Lankawi. The flowers are of an apricot orange colour.
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"230 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEiB AND
LiPARis COMPRESSA, LindL, Qen, et Sp, Orch,, p. 32. Hah. Perak : On trees in thick jungle in the Lamt Hills, up to 5,000 feet altitude !
PLATYCLINIS, Benth.
P. LONGIFOLIA, Hemsl. in Gard. Chron. (1881) il. p. 656. Dendrochilum longifolium, Reichb. f. in Bonplandia, iv. (1856) p. 329.
Sing9.pore : Kranji ! Sungei Jurong ! Sungei Morai !
Johore : Tanab Runto ! Batu Pahat !
Abundant in some places, growing on old stumps or on the ground in dry woods. This flowers all the year round. It has dull yellowish flowers with a brown blotch on the lip ; they have but little scent. I have seen a small Rhynchophorous beetle creeping about among the flowers with the pollen masses on its head.
P. KiNGii, Hook.f., Fl. Brit Ind,,Y. p. 708, et Ic. PI, t 2015.
Eah. Perak: C. Curtis! v.s.
In Curtis's plant I find the lateral lobes of the lip smaller and the medium lobe larger in proportion than in Hooker's figure.
P. LINEARIS, BidL.^ 8p, nova. CsBspitosa, terrestris. Rhizoma crassum, lignosum. Fseudobulbi 1^ poll, longi, elongati, conici, a vaginis membranaceis tecti. Folium ultra pedale, -jt poll, latum, lineari-lanceolatum, obtusum, basi longe angus- tatum. Scopus 8 poll, longus, gracilis, nudus ; racemu^ 4 poll, longus. Flores parvi, albescentes. Bractem lanceolatce, acutsB ; pedicelli J poll, longi, cum ovariis eequilongi. Sepala linearia, trinervia. Petala ^ poll, longa, uninervia, sepalis subsimilia. Lahellum I poll, longum, lineare, obtusum ; lobi laterales vix distincti, apice acuti; carinee 2 crassce basi elevatee, tertia mediana vix elevata. Golumna arcuata, elongata, in dorso acute carinata; stelidia magna, lanceolata acuminata acuta, versus columnsB basin exorta, clinandrii marginem denticulatum superantia. Anthera longe rostrata ; rostellum elongatum, triangulare. Stigma a margine incrassato product© basi auctum.
Hah. Kedah: Kedah Peak, 3,000-4,000 feet alt., very abundant, forming large masses on the ground !
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This Platyclinis was nearly out of flower at the time of my visit to Kedah Peak in August; but I succeeded in finding some few sprays of flowers and half -ripe fruits. The flower is nearly white. The lip is remarkably narrow, and the lateral lobes very obscure. In the dried specimens, the lip is coiled up at the end, like a butterfly's tongue. The narrow petals, sepals, and lip are distinctive marks of the species.
Plattclinis gracilis, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 708, et Ic. PL, t. 2016.
Hah. Perak : King's Collector.
P. LINEARIFOLIUM, Ridl. Deudrochilum linearifolium, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 782, et Ic. PL, t. 1859.
Hah. Malacca : Mt. Ophir !
Perak : Scortechini ; Batang Padang, Wray.
Common on trees on Mount Ophir at 4,000 feet elevation, flowering in May. The Ophir plant is evidently that figured in the Icones, from Perak, and seems to me certainly a Platyclinis.
DENDROBIUM, Swartz.
This large genus is by no means easy to break up into satisfactory groups; the best characters for classifying the species appear to be those of the stem. The genus can first be broken up into two series: one with the primary stem branched and usually extensively developed ; the other, with a short unbranched primary stem. To the first series belong Sarcopodium, with an elongate creeping rhizome throwing up two-leaved, i.e., binodal pseudo-bulbs, such as D. TreacherianuM, Reichb. f ., D. geminatitm, Lindl. ; and among aberrant forms D. funifomie, Blume, must be placed here. D. longicolle, Lindl., must be excluded, as it has no creeping rhizome, or at least it is exceedingly short; it is evidently nearest to D. hetero- ideum, Blume, and Cadetia a/ngustifolia, Blume, and may be classed as a Cadetia. This name has been used (Fl. Brit. Ind.) for a section for which I propose to retain the old name o( Desmotrichum, a generic name given by Blume for several of the species included in it, such as Besmotrichum fimhriatnm and D. convexum. This section is a very distinct one in possessing an extensively branched stem, with usually a creeping primary
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232 MR. HENRT RIDLET ON ORCHIDEJ! AND
stem, and the terminal nodes of each branch dilated into a terete or flattened psendo-bnlb, bearing a single (rarely and only exceptionally a second) leaf.
Bolhidiv/m is retained as a section for a few plants with a distinct bnfc short primary stem and pancinodal pseudo-bnlbs bearing a pair of leaves.
The remaining species have a very short primary Htem and tufted polynodal secondary stems, which are bnt seldom branched. Many species emit lateral shoots when the terminal bud is destroyed, and several species normally emit lateral shootB, such, for instance, as Dendrohtum inconcinum, Bidl., and D. prostratumy Bidl., which latter, though closely allied to the tufted crest, D. (§ Aporum) Leonis, Reichb. f., has taken on a creeping habit, and emits roots from the underside of the stem and branches in every direction. Most of the species have terete or more or less compressed secondary stems, rarely dilated into pseudo-bulbs properly so-called. The section Clavatoe has some of the lower internodes swollen into a fusiform shape. D. tameUatwn^ Liudl,, has a shortened polynodal stem, broadly dilated upwards but very thin. I have referred it to the Pedilonwm section on account of the form of its flowers.
The whole of this series can be broken up into those with persistent leaves, t.e, that bear flowers on the leafy stems and those that bear them on the old stems only after the leaves have fallen. To the first series belong —
Aporum, Blume, with its flattened stem and leaves ;
Strongyle with subterete acute leaves ;
Virgatm with a tall, slender stem and narrow linear leaves ;
OlavatoB with stems similar to the last, except that several nodes at the base are more or less swollen ;
DistichophyllcB with stout stems with usually short distichous leaves, and a very distinct form of flower
Brevtflares resembling the next seiies, but with the terminal leaves persistent, and short broad flowers — ^not a very good section.
Of the large series with the flowers borne on leafless stems, PedUonmn is distinguished by its long mentum and compara- tively short sepals and petals, but there are many species intermediate between typical Pedilonums (such as D. secundum, Lindl.) and the remaining section Eudetidrobium.
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APOSTASIACEJE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 233
The Eudendrobia are but scantily represented here. The large section of SpecioscBy plentiful in Burma, hardly descend as far south as our region. The AntennatcB (D. strehloceras, Beichb. f., D, antennatum, Lindl., Ac), characterised by their erect elongate twisted petals, are strictly Papuan, and apparently do not occur even so far west as Borneo. The absence of the Formosoa section is more remarkable, as it is well represented in Borneo as well as in Burmah. The constant rain without any dry period in this region is doubtless the cause of the absence of many species such as the SpecioscBy which require a period of rest in order to produce flowers; many species of which hardly exist even under careful culti- vation in our climate.
Dendrobium (§ Sarcopodium) gbminatum, Lindl.y Oen. et Sp. Orch., p. 77 ; Hook. /., Fl. Brit, Ind., v. p. 713.
Hab, Perak : Gxinong Hijan, Larut Hills ! Kedah : Kedah Peak, abundant !
This plant creeps far among moss on rocks and stumps of trees. The flowers are white, with yellow and brown marks on the lip.
D. MACROPODUM, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ltd., v. p. 713. Hah. Perak: Scortechtia, Wray.
D. LONGiPES, Hook.f.f Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 713. Hab. Perak: Bcortechim,
D. PERAKENSE, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 712. Hab. Perak.
Scortechini's drawing of this appears to represent Eria stellafa, Lindl. I have seen no specimen.
D. (§ Cadetia) lonoicolle, Lindl.y Bot. Beg. (1840) Misc.y p. 74 ; Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 712.
Hab. Singapore : Sungei Morai !
This very curious species was first found by Cuming, in Singapore, and sent home alive. It is very local here, but when it occurs is found in large clumps. It grows with Platyelinis longifolioy Hemsl., on stumps in dry, sandy woods near mangrove swamps. There is only one leaf on each pseudo- bulb, but above this is a dry, brown sheath, which wraps the base of the ovary and the short pedicel of the flower. The flowers are solitary, and are produced two or three times a
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234 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJJ AND
year. They last but a few Lours. I have never seen fruit, which must be very rarely produced.
Dendrobium (§ Bolbidium) pumilum, Boxhj Hort. Beng., p. 63; i'l. Jnd., iii. p. 479.
Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Selitar ! Bajau !
Johore : Kota Tuiggi ! Kwala Sembrong, Lake and Kelsall !
Malacca : !
Sungei Ujong : Bukit Kupayiang !
Pahang : Pekan !
Penang : Pulau Tikus ! 0. Curtis.
Perak : Scortechini,
Rhio ! . Borneo ! A common little plant in mangrove swamps, orchards, and open country. The plain yellow form and the one veined with red occur mixed. It generally grows on trees low down. In Sungei Ujong it is called " Sakat Kalumbai^^^ and the roots are boiled and applied in cases of dropsy. D. camoswn^ Teysm. et Binn. in Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., v. (1853) p. 489, seems to be intended for this species.
The section, § JDesmotrichum, includes the species given under Gadetia in the Flora of British India, but not the Gadetias of Blume and Gaudichaud, which form, as it seems to me, a very distinct section of themselves. The name was originally given by Blume to a number of species of Bendrohium^ most of which I would retain in this section, while others evidently belong to the Sa/rcopodium section. In Desmotrichum the primary stem is sometimes elongate and creeping, and some- times short, but in any case it throws up many slender polynodal stems, which branch again and again, and each branch is terminated by a pseudo-bulb composed of one, rarely two, intemodes : one, the lower, very large and dilate ; the other, when present, very short. The lower one bears a broad, more rarely narrow, somewhat coriaceous leaf, from the axil of which are emitted one or two inflorescences. These are racemose, but, as a rule, only one flower is produced at a time. The two inflorescences are not synchronous, but develop one after the other at considerable intervals of time. They are enclosed at the base by two bracts, dry and cartilaginous, which eventually break up before flowering into fibrils. In
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D. Kunsfleri, Hook, f., the inner bract in the bnd exudes a deep crimson, oily, viscid liquid in drops, which probably serves to protect the bud from the action of water. This, when the flower is open, remains in the now dry bract in the form of red spots. In D, crintferumy Lindl., the arrangement is much the same, but the plant is rather peculiar among Desmotrichums in throwing up tall, erect shoots, each internode of which is enwrapped in a sheathing leaf, narrowed at the base and broadly dilated above. These soon drop off, leaving the slender, erect stem bare. Meanwhile, the terminal internode enlarges and produces the leaf, and eventually the flowers. Then, from the node below the dilated terminal internode (but often also from other nodes) another lateral shoot is produced, which develops in the same manner. In this plant also there ai^ several inflorescences in each axil, which develop singly, more rarely two together, at long intervals of time, and inflorescences are often also emitted from nodes which have never borne a fully developed leaf. The inflorescence which appears to terminate the stem is really emitted from the axil of the leaf, so that it is strictly axillary, though the arrested development of the stem above the leaf makes it appear as if it was terminated. Like many other orchids in the Malay Peninsula, Desmotrichums have no definite flowering season, but at intervals of a few months every individual of the same species flowers on the same day.
But two species are described from the Malay Peninsula, although many more occur. This is due to the fugaciousness of the flowers, which last but a few hours in the morning, and so are seldom to be met with by collectors. They are also very thin textured and preserve badly. To describe these plants properly it is essential to cultivate them and examine the flowers during life. Another diflBculty in working from dried material arises from the alteration in form of the pseudo-bulb under pressure. Verj good characters are to be obtained from the form of the pseudo-bulb, but these have been often over- looked or misunderstood : thus, D. Macrfrd, Lindl., D. loncho- phyUum^ Hook, f., and D. Kunstleri, Hook, f ., have all been described, simply as having fusiform pseudo-bulbs, whereas during life they are quite different in shape from each other. The best way of classifying the species is, I believe, by the form of the lip. Thus —
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236 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE* AND
Tei*minal lobe of lip not broader than the lateral lobes (t.e.> when the lip is spread out).
(A) Lip glabrous ; apex bilobed.
D. lonchophjllum, Hook./., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 714.
D. convexum, LindL, Gen. et Sp. OrcJi., p. 76.
D. KelsalH, Ridl
D. angustifolium, Lindh, Oen. et Sp. Orch.^ p. 76.
D. appeudiculatum, Lindh, I.e.
(B) Lip bearded ; apex entire.
D. criniferum, Lindl,, Bot. Reg. (1844) Misc., p. 41.
D. ZoUingerianum, Teysm. et Binn. in Tijdsch. NederL
Ind., xxiv. (1862) p. 313. D. comatum, Inndl., Gen, et Sp. Orch., p. 76.
These two are probably identical with the preceding. D. angulatum, Lindl, ^ l.c.^ p. 76. D. Scopa, Lindl, Bot. Beg. (1842) Misc., p. 65.
Terminal lobe much broader than laterals, fan-shaped, when expanded almost entire ; margins waved.
(C) D. Kunstleri, Hook. /., FL Bnt. Ind., v. p. 714. D. Macrsei, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 75.
D. fimbriatum, Lindl., I.e., p. 76 (non Hook. f.).
D. roseo-punctum, Bidl.
D. pallidiflorum, Bidl.
D. grandiflorum, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 77.
D. pallens, Bidl.
Terminal lobe as in Section C, but lacerate or fimbriate.
(D) D. CsBlopogon, Beichb. /., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 23, t. 109. D. Hasseltii, Lindl., Oen. et Sp. Orch., p. 87.
D. striolatum, Beichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenz., xiii. (1857)»
p. 313. D. laciniosum, Bidl.
Dendrobium lonchophyllum. Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 714,. ef Ic. PL, t. 2018.
This is common in the Malay Peninsula, especially in the south, often growing in clumps on the boughs of mangroves.
Abundant in Singapore, Johore, and also in Perak.
The stems are much branched, and swollen at intervals into- club-shaped pseudo-bulbs, but slightly flattened, polishedv
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 237
ridged, and grooved. The flowers appear singly or in pairs, on the short raceme, snnk in a depression in the pseudo-bulb below the leaf. Thej are small and fugacious, yellowish, with pink stripes on the sepals and petals. The lip is naiTow, oblong spathulate, with two thin inflexed narrow lobes ; terminal lobe bifid, with the lobes oblong and rounded ; three low ridges run along the lip to the base of the mid-lobe, where two converge to a point. The centre of the lip to the epichil is crimson, the lateral lobes pink ; the terminal lobe is yellow. The flowers are very fugacious, lasting but a day.
Dendrobium Kelsalli, Bidl.j sp. nova, Caules plures aggre- gati, 15 poll, longi, teretes, flavi. Fseudo-hulhi 1 poll, longi, ^ poll, lati, subfusiformes, teretes nee compressi, curvuli, politi, flavi. Folia 1\ poll, longa, \ poll, lata, lanceolata, subobtusa, coriacea, canaliculata nee carinata. Flores paf vuli ; pedicelli (ovario viridi incl.) § poll, longi. Sepalum posticum ovatum obtusum, lateralia multo majora ^ poll, longa et lata late ovata obtusa ; mentum grande, latum, obtusum, in medio dilatatum. Petdla sepalo postico minora lorata, obtusa, pallide viridia. LdbeUi basis angusta; lobi laterales late, obtusi, erecti, virescentes ; discus kermesino-purpureus, S-caiinatus ; canned subeoquales in basi lobi medii terminatsB ; lobus medius hippocrepiformis, rotundatus, 2-lobus ; lobi paralleli, leete pallide aurantiacei. Golumna subrecta, virescens ; anthera obtusa ; stelidia deotiformia, erecta, acuta. Stigma late oblongum.
Hah, Selangor : Bukit Hitam, Lieut. KeUall !
Pulau Aor : east coast of Johore, J". Fielding !
Perak: Max welFs Hill !
Malacca : Mt. Ophir !
Kedah : Kedah Peak, Gunong Jerai !
This species is common on trees in the hilly disti'icts. It is distinguished from 2>. lonchophyllum. Hook, f., by its slenderer form, smaller in all parts, shorter mentum, and hoi-se-shoe shaped mid-lobe of the lip.
D. convexaniy Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 76 ; Reichb. f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 73, 1. 118, 1 only know from the author's figui*e and description. It seems to have a creeping stem emitting roots, and the mid- lobe of the lip is longer and narrowed at the base. It was collected by Blurae at the foot of Mt. Salak, in Java.
JD. xantholeucunij'Reichh. f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 73, t. 118, was
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described by the author from a drawing in Knhl and Hasselt*8 collection. It is remarkable for having a single keel ronoing the whole length of the lip. As this is most unusual in this section and may be a misinterpretation of the original drawing, the plant must remain doubtful till further specimens are obtained.
Dendbobium CEiNiFERDM, lAtidl.^ Bot, Reg. (1884), Miac.y p. 41. Caules ramosissimi, erecti, plures, usque ad 2 ped. loDgi, flavi, nitidi ; internodi teretes, apice paullo incrassati. Psettdo'bulbt in apicibus ramorum siti, crassi. Folia 3 poll, longa et lata, elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, obtusa, coriacea; carina caniculata distincta, nervi conspicui. Bdc^mus ^ poll, longus, a vaginis bruneis tectns. Flores bini ; ovaria gracilia, viridia; pedicelli (ovariis incl.) J poll, longi. • Sepala § poll, longa (posticum paullo minus), patentia, lanceolata, acuta, straminea ; mentum brevissimum, latum, obtusum, apice purpureo - punctatum. Fetala sepalis breviora, linearia, straminea. Ldbellum cum sepalis lateralibus sequilongum, basi angustum 3-lobum ; lobi laterales arcuati, acuti, straminei, intus kermesino-lineati ; disci straminei vel purpureo-maculati carineB 2, kermesinsB, in lobum medium incurrentes, in hoc loco sinuataB ; lobus medius linearis elongatus, in margine sinuatns, apice prsesertim a filiamentis flavis tortis tectus. Columna bi-evis, crassiuscula, alba purpureo-punctata ; anthera majuscula, smaragdina; rostrum latum; pollinia oblonga, flava; st-elidia erecta, dentiformia, acuta. Stigma magnum, oboyatum. Reichb. /. in Walp. Ann,, vi. p. 303. D. Zollinger Umunij Teysm. et Binn. in Tijdsch. Nederl. Ind., xxiv. (1862) p. 313. B. comatum, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 76. BesTnotrichum comatum, Blume, Bijdr., p. 230 ? Oalgptranthera fimhriatay Blume, MS.
Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Ghangi ! Sungei Morai ! Rhio ! Johore : Batu Pahat, Lake and Kelsall !
This plant forms large clumps on trees usually near the sea. It was first described by Lindley from a plant introduced by the Duke of Northumberland, who received it from Mr. Power from Ceylon. It does not seem to have been since seen wild there, and as some other strictly Malayan orchids, e,g,y Bendrohium sanguinolentum, Lindl., and B, crumenatum, Sw.,
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APOSTASUCEiE OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 239
are also recorded in the same manner, it is reasonable to suppose that Mr. Power obtained these plants from the Malay Peninsula.
2>. Zollingerianum^ Teysm. et Binn., seems from the description to be this species; and 1 suspect B. comatnm, Lindl. (Desmotrichum' coinatum, Blume), is the same thing. If H0» this is the oldest name for the species. There is a flowerlesK specimen of what appears to be this in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, with the name Calyptranthera fimbriata^ in Blume*s handwriting, a name never taken up as far as I know. The flowers have a faint scent of cowslips.
Dendrobium Kunstlebi, Hook, /., Fl. Brit, Ind.^ v. p. 714. Caules repentes, validuli; rami crassi, suberecti, teretes, politi. Psettdo-buUri 2 poll, longi, 1 poll, lati, ^ poll, crassi, ovati, compressi, olivacei vel purpurascentes. Folium 5-6 poll, longum, 2 poll, latum, ovatum ovato-lanceolatum aut lanceo- latum, obtusum, coriaceum, carinatum et costatum, atroviride (juvene purpureum). Flares saepius siogulatim expansi ; pedunculi \ poll, longi, albi. Bracteca 2, oyatse, lanceolatae, in fibrillos mox solutse. Bractea floralis minima, ovata, alba ; pedicellus eum ovario ^ poll, longns, albus. Sepdla f poll, longa, ^ poll, lata (vel latiora), lanceolata acuta, recur va ; meutum cum sepalis SBquilongum (vel longius) rectum, conicum, subacutum. Petala cum sepalis SBquilonga multo angustiora, linearia, recur va, ochrolenca, roseo-maculata. Lahellum basi anguste lineare stramineum, in apice loborum lateralinm it)seum; lobi laterales angnsti, acuti, medius pandnrato- oblongus marginibus plicatis erectis ; carinaD 2, crassce, in disco rectee, in lobo medio sinuatse, tertia media in disco recta minus elevata. Columna recta, ventre excavate ; stelidia et filamentum erecta, dentiforraia, acuta. Anthera oblonga, apice rotundata. Stigma profundum, rotundatum. D, Fldbellum^ Reich, f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 75, t. 118.
Hah, Singapore : Bukit Tomali ! Kranji ! Changi ! Johore : Batu Pahat, Lake and Kelsall ! Siam : Ghirbee, Curtis ! Perak: Scortechini!
A common and somewhat variable plant, with for the seetiou rather showy sweet-scented flowers. I imagine Beichenbach'n D. Flahellum is intended for this, but he says that that has three sinuate keels.
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D. Kunstleri, Hook, f., has three keels on the disc between the mid-lobe, the two outer of which only are carried on to the mid- lobe, and are there sinuous.
Dbndbobium roseo-pdnctatum, Bidl.y sp. nova. Caules repentes ; rami 6-8 poll, lotifi^, giticiles. Pseudo-bulhi 2 poll. loDgi, I poll, lati, I poll, crassi, fusiformes, paullo compressi, utrinque attenuati, leves, olivacei. Folium 6 poll, loiigum, f poll, latum, lanceolatum, loratum, obtusum, carinatum, basi attenuatum, atro-viride. Inflorescentia subterminalis ; pedun- culus bracteas ^-poll. longas paallo superans, albus. Flores mediocres ; bractea floralis minuta, ovata, alba. Otarium incrassatam. Sepala subaBqualia, ^ poll, looga, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata, acata, pateutia nee reflexa ; mentum breve, latum, obtusum, decurvum. Petala linearia, alba. Lahellum f poll, longum ; lobi laterales breves, acuti, curvati intus kermesiiio- punctati, medius flabellatus obcordato-emarginatus ochroleucus ; carinae 2 (tertia mediana vix elevata), in disco rectee, in lobi medii isthmo magis elevatsB, sinuatae, plicatsB, kermesinas. Golumna brevis, supeme attennata, rufo-punctata ; stigma rotundum ; stelidia brevia, antheram hand superantia.
Hdb, Malay Peninsula : in Hort. Bot. Singapore culta.
Allied to D. Kunstleri, Hook, f., but distinct in its strictly fusiform pse ado-bulbs elliptic in section, narrower leaf, sepals and petals pure white, column and side-lobes of lip much shorter, isthmus longer, keels large, sinuate diverging at the middle, not running on to the lamina of the mid-lobe (though there is a faint trace of them there).
D. PALLIDIFLORDM, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules graciles, ramosi, flavi. Pseudo-bulbi 1^ poll, longi, ^ poll, lati, ^ poll, crassi, complanati, elongato-ovoidei, tenues, rugosuli, flavo-virides. Folia 3 poll. loDga, 1 poll, lata, ovata, acuta, tenuiter coriaoea, carinata et eanaliculata. Racemi brevissimi, in bracteis pluribus \ poll, longis bruneis inclusi ; pedicellus, ovario incluso, \ poll, longus. Flores singuli, parvi ; bractea floralis ovario brevior, ovata, lanceolata, acuta, purpureo-punctata. Sej^oZuiTt posticum \ poll, longum ovato-lanceolatum obtusum reflezum, lateralia multo majora ovata obtusa ; mentum sepalo paullisper longius, subrectum, obtusum. Petala cum sepalo postico aequilouga, lanceolata, porrecta, pallide flavescentia ferme alba. LaheUi lobi laterales erecti triangulares elongati acuti, medius triangu-
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAT PENINSULA. 241
laris emarginatiLS flavns in margine siniiattLS lobis obtnsis ; carinsB 2, magnsB, basi rectae, in lobo medio sinnateo carin& intermedin rect& addit&. Oolumnce pes reotns ; stelidia erecta, ovata, subacnta. Anthera smaragdina, apice obtnsa; rostrum ovatnm, brevissimnm ; pollinia seqaalia, lineari-oblonga ; candi- cnlns longus. Stigma latam nee profnndnm, transversnm, ovale. Bostellum subelongatnm, porrectnm, truncatum, bitidom, lobis paralleliB.
Hah, Singapore : mangrove swamps, Kranji !
A small straggling plant with weak stems, the flowers small yellowish-white, with the terminal lobe of the lip brighter yellow, and the anther and a spot at the apex of the column foot bright emerald green. It is very distinct in its thin, broad pseudo-bulbs and the form of the mid-lobe of the lip, which is broader than the lateral lobes, and so deeply emar- ginate that it is almost bi-lobed.
Dendrobium pallins, Eu2Z., «p. nova, Gaules 10 poll, longi, rami subteretes, flavo-virides. Pseudo-hulhi IJ-lf poll, longi, § poll, crassi, paullo complanati ferme cylindrici, longitudinaliter rugosi, flavi. Folium 3 poll, longum, 1 poll, latum, oblongum vel oblongo - lanoeolatum, obtusum, coriaceum, carinatum, canaliculatum, striatum. Bacemua brevis, in bracte& ^ poll. lougk sicc& flav& involutus. Bractea floralis parva, ovata, mucronata, ad pedicellum arete appressa ; pedicellus cum ovario f poll, longus, viridis. Flo8 singulus, nutans, mediocris. Sepala subeequalia, ^ poll, longa -^ poll, lata, oblongo-lan- ceolata, recurva, pallide viridia; mentum \ poll, longum, obtusum, viride cum sepalis lateralibus s»pe roseopunctatum. Petala minora, lineari-lanceolata, acuta. LabeUum album ; lobi laterales falcati acuti, medius obcordatus profunde emarginatus lateralibus multo latior, apice divaricati obtusi truncati in marginibus sinuati; carinsB 2, altee, in disco rectsB, in lobo medio sinuatee, terti& mediant rect& additft. Columna brevis, crassa, viridis ; pes longus ; margines elevati ; clinandrium vix profundum. Anthera conica, truncata ; pollinia oblonga ; stelidia parva, recta, dentiformia. Stigma rotundatum, margine basali rectum. Gapmla oblonga, basi angustata ; cost® steriles lineares, f ertiles duplo latiores in dorso rotundatse.
Hab. Siam: Bangkok!
Brought down by natives and cultivated in the Singapore
LINN. JODRN. — BOTANY., VOL. XXXII. R
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242 MR. HENRY BIDLET ON ORCHIDEJ! AND
Botanic Garden. The species somewhat resembles the last, but differs in the form of the psendo-bnlb, which' is oval in section, and in the form of the lip, which has the strongly plicate edge of D. Kunstleri, Hook, f . The flowers are as incon- spicuous as those of D. paliidiflorunif Bidl., the sepals and petals being of a dull green more or less spotted with pink, the lip white. They have a scent of cloves.
I received also from native collectors a similar plant from Djainbi, in Sumatra, which differed slightly in the less plicate edge of the lip, broader terminal lobe with a short mucro in the notch, and broader sepals ; the flowers were entirely cream colour except for the emerald-green anther.
Dendrobium laciniosum, HidLy sp. nova, Gaules pedales vel ultra, erecti, validuli, a flbrillis vaginarum vetustarum tecti; rami plures. Pseudo-htdhi 2-1 J poll, longi, } poll, lati, vix J poll, crassi, ovoideo-elliptici, plani, admodum tenues, rugosi, flavo- virides. Folium 4 poll, longnm 1^ poll, latum, lanceolatum, obtusum, tenuiter coriaceum, IsBte virens. Bacemus ultra 1 poll, longus, a bracteis ovato-lanceolatis bruneis tectus. Flos singulus, roediocris, pallide flavus. Sepala subeequalia, \ poll. loDga, late lanceolata, apice incrassata obtusa ; mentum ^ poll, longum, curvatum, obtusum. Petala sepalis angustiora, lanceo- lata acuta. Ldbelli lobi laterales ovato-oblongi falcati, medius basi linearis supeme transverse oblongus truncatus multo latior irregulariter digitatus; carinsB 2, elevated, in disco rectse, in lobi medii ungue sinuatse. Golumna alba; clinandrium sub- profundum. Anthera oblongo-quadrata, obtusa, in margine antico flmbriata ; stelidia erecta, dentif ormia ; rostellum parvum, Totundatum, lamelliforme. Stigma profundum, subquadratum. Hah, Singapore : Pulau Selitar ! (in the Johore Strait.) Near D. calopogon, Reichb. f. This species is peculiar among the peninsular species in having the expanded blade of the mid-lobe of the labellum laciniated.
D. (§ Stachyobium) trinervium, Bidl, sp, nova, Gavlea 3 poll, longi, \ poll, crassi, plures congesti, flexuosi, succulenti, paucinodi; intemodi ^ poll, longi, teretes, striati. Folia 2^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata, succulenta, carinata, apice ineequaliter biloba; lobi acuti, mucrone interjecto. Flos sin- gulus, lateralis, pendulus ; pedunculus \ poll, longus. BractecB bin®, -ry poll, longee, ovato-lanceolat©, acut»; ovarium cum
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AP0STASIACE2 OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 243^
pedicello f poll, longam. Sepcdum posticmn ^ poll, longam ovato-oblongnm acntnm, sepala lateralia multo majora ; mentnm i poll, longum, obtusum. Petala Be^eMs mioora, lanceolata^ mnoronata, alba. Lahellum | poll. loDgam, § poll, latum, oblongum, panduratum, retusum, citrinum basi parpnreo-pxinc- tatum; cariosB 3, elevatsB, leete virides, in basi lobi medii abmpte terminataB inorassatse. Oolumna brevis, lata, alba. Anthera depressa.
Hah, Siam : Pungah, C, Curtis.
A very dwarf species, with single lateral wbite flowers, of donbtfal affinity. D. alpestre^ D, Boyleiy &c., differ by the snbterminal flower.
Dendbobium (§ Aporum) Seera, LindL in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (Bot), iii. (1859) p. 3.
A very common species occurring on trees on river banks, mangrove swamps, orchards, and such places in the low country. In hot wet places the whole plant often becomes of a bright red colour. The flowers are always white. The capsule is a quarter of an inch long, pendulous, unequally pear- shaped, i.e., with one side longer than the other, the barren ribs narrow lorate, the placentiferous ones much broader and lanceo- late in outline.
Hob. Singapore : Very common, Kranji ! Changi ! Rhio !
Johore : Tana Bunto ! Eota Tinggi ! Ewala Kahang !
Batu Pabat ! Malacca: Sungei Rambei! Selangor : Kwala Lumpor ! Seppan River ! Penang !
Pahang : Kwala Pahang ! Also Java and Borneo ! D. (§ Aporum) rhodostele, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Bot.), iii. (1893) p. 360.
Hob. Pahang : Jahan River, on trees in thick jungle.
D. (§ Aporum) rosellum, Bidl. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xxxi. (1896) p. 268. Hab. Johore : Onnong Panti !
D. (§ Aporum) grande, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 724. Hab. Johore : Kidala Sembrong !
Selangor : Kidala Lumpur !
Pahang : Jahang River Woods !
R 2
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244 MR. HENBT BIDLET ON OBCHIDBiE AND
Tbis usTially grows on lofty trees. It is not very common, rarely met with in flower, nor does it often flower in cultivation.
Dendbobium (§ Apobum) cochinchinensb, Bidl, sp, nova, Herba D, Serra admodam affinis, quoad babitum similis sed multo major. Oaules 1^ ped. longi, f poll. lati. Folia 1 poll, longa, I poU. lata, late ovata, iis D. Serra tenuiora obtusiora. Mores iis D, Serra similes, sed duplo majores, ferme ^ poll, longi, albi. Sepala oblonga, lorata ; mentum breve, ovario et pedioello multo brevius. Petala lanceolata. Lahellttm basi anguste oblongum ; lobi laterales parvi rotundati, medius latus obovatus bypochilio multo latior rotunde bilobus ; callus f urcatus, conspiouus, basi lobi medii situs. Oolunma brevis, crassa; pes brevissimus; •clinandrium latum, nee profundum. Anthera pileata, truncata, lata, apice obtusa; rostellum breve, crassum, lingusB forme. Stigma magnum latum.
Hah, Cochin-China : Saigon, Haffner ! Culta in Herb. Bot. Singapore.
This species is very closely allied to D. Serra^ Lindl., but is distinct in its broader leaves and stems, remarkably short foot of the column, and correspondingly short mentum, and especially in the very much broader mid-lobe of the lip, which in J), Serra, lindl., is but little shorter than the basal portion.
D. (§ Apobum) sinuatum, Lindl,, e Eeichb. /. in Walp. Ann., vi. p. 280.
Hah, Singapore : Selitar ! Kranji ! (common among man- groves.) Johore : Batu Pahat !
This much resembles D. atropurpureum, Miq., but is a taller plant with shorter leaves. There are a number of bracts at the base of the peduncle, but they do not break up into fibrils as in D, atropurpureum, Miq. The flowers are larger, orange yellow, the petals tipped with red. The lip is pale red with a darker callus composed of two club-shaped caruncles meeting in a V shape (that of D, atropurpureum, Miq., is semicircular). The tubercle under the lip is like that of D, atropvrpureum. At the base of the lip are two very small lanceolate or tooth-like acute lateral lobes. The column is pale red with a darker spot at the base.
D. (§ Apobum) eulophotum, Lindl, in Joum. Linn, Soc, (Bot)., iii. (1859) p. 5.
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE BfALAT PENINSULA. 245
Hah, Singapore : Kranji ! Bajan ! Bbio : Native collector, Pahang : Pekan ! Laukawi : Terutan, Curtis ! Common low down on trees, especially mangroves, in the low country. Flowers all tbe year. The flowers are yellow, striped on the inner face with red.
Dendeobium (§ Aporum) ehizophoeeti, Eidl,, sp, nova. Cavlea ultra pedales, ramosi, penduli, undique foliati. Folia 1 poll, longa, I poll, lata, oblonga, acuminata, acuta, pallide viridia, in sicco nigricantia. Capitula lateralia, pauci-bracteata. Flores f poll, lati, inversi. Sepala flavescentia, posticura oblongum subacutum, lateralia multo majora late ovata subfalcata; mentum sepalis brevius, latum oblongum obtusum. Petala sepalis multo minora, linearia, flavescentia (line& mediant rosea). LdbelU unguis linearis, roseus ; lamina subreniformis, lata, abropte defleza, flavescens, apice acuta, in margine sinuata ; callus in disco ruber ; dentes 2, subulati, basi incras- sati. OolumncB pes longu^, linearis, rubro-maculatus ; dinan- drium parvum, profundum. Anthera parva, ovoidea, flava ; candiculus brevis ; rostellum oblongum, integrum.
Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Sungei Buloh !
Johore : Batu Pahat ! Tana Runto ! Hulu Sembrong !
(n. 4038.) Perak: Scortechini (deliuet^tio).
This species is allied to D. eulopTwlwriy Lindl., and indeed has been confused with it. However, it is very distinct. It is a longer and weaker plant, the leaves are thin, of the texture of those of D. grande. Hook, f., and not fleshy like those of D. eulo- photum, Lindl. The flowers are larger, and have a more distinct mentom, and are quite differently coloured, the petals are narrower and longer, the lip has a long claw, ending in a semi-linear broad deflexed blade, the ends long and acute. The callus consists of two setaceous curved processes swollen at the base where they are connate.
There is a good sketch of this in Scorfcechini's drawings, as well as one of B. eulophotum.
D. TEEMiNALE, Far, et Beichh. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxx. (1874) p. 149. Hah. Malacca : (Ic. in Herb. Calc), not seen.
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'246 MR. HENRT RIDLET ON ORCHIDEJE AND
Dendrobium (§ Aporum) Mannii, EtdZ.,5p. nova. (7auZe« 5-6 poll, 'longi, erecti, congest!, complanati. Folia f poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, leetevirentia, iis D. cochinchinensis ferme similia. Flores in racemis axillaribus brevissimis (in caulibns nndis, foliis delapsis, sitis) saepissime bini, iis B, Leonis similes sed minores tenuiores, primulini, inodori; pedicelli ^ poll, long], graciles, recti vel nutantes ; ovarium breve. Sepalum posticum ovato-oblongum, lateralia multo majora ovata triangu- laria obtusa falcatnla; mentum cum sepalo § poll, longum, •crassum, curvum, obtusum. Petala sepalis multo minora, linearia, lorata. Ldbellum oblongum, cuneatum ; lobi laterales -deflexi abrupte truncati, medius 2-lobus lobis approximatis rotundatis crispulis quam lobi laterales pauUo longioribus; kHscus primulinus a maculd, ochrea omatus. Columna subrecta, angusta, basi ocreo-maculata, in ventre plana. Anthera plana, in dinandrio immersa, margine recto truncato; locali disjuncti ; pollinia 4, obovata, flava ; stelidia 0. Stignia ovato- ^cutiforme ; discus viscidus, citrinus.
Hah, Assam : G. Mann ! .
Malacca : Mfc. Ophir district, Berry ! .
(Flowered in Hort. Bot. Singapore, Nov., 1890, and Jan., 1891.)
This is a plant allied to B, Leonis, Reichb. f., but remarkable in not baring the tuft of bracts as usual in an Aporum, but a short distinct raceme. The flowers appear only on the leafless «tems, or if, as may happen, the leaves persist, it is merely on the older ones. In most Apora one flower appears from each raceme or capitulnm at a time, so that the plant may be almost always in flower, yet only a few flowers appear. In B. Mannii the whole of the plant is in flower at once, and then after flowering remains quiescent for a time.
D. (§ Aporum) atropurpureum, Miq., Fl. Ind, Bat, iii. p. 644. Hah, Singapore : Kranji, Tanglin !
Johore !
Malacca : Sungei Rambei !
Pahang : Pekan, Kwala Pahang !
Selangor : Kwala Lnmpur, Kelsall !
Penang : Government Hill !
Siam : Singgora ! Punga ! Gwrtis,
Borneo : Sarawak, Bishop Hose !
Java : Buitenzorg, Treuh !
New Guinea : fide Blume in Rumphia !
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APOSTASIACEA OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 247
Very common npon trees in the low country.
There are two forms of this one, the true D. atropurpureum of Miqnel with deep brownish-red flowers, the other (2). con- dnnwny Miq.), with yellow flowers, sometimes, but rarely, dotted minutely with deep red. The apex of the lip is ciliate.
Dendeobium (§ Aporum) atrorubens, RidL, sp. nova. Caules 9 poll, longi, crassi, hand raro ramosi ; radices plures, longoe, tenues, atratse. Folia 1 poll, longa, f poll, lata, approximata, lanceolata, acuta, in sicco ruf o-brunea. Capitula terminalia, S8Bpe magna, ^ poll, longa, | poll, in diam., nntantia. BractecB plnres vel plurimoB, | poll, long©, lanceolat«B acut©, sicca. Flores ^ poll, longi, atro-rubentes. Sepalum posticum lanceolatnra acutum, lateralia majora triangularia ; mentnm latum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora, linearia. Lahellum lineari-cuneatum, rubrum ; lobi lateral es breves, dentiform es acuti ; apex incras- satus, camosus, atro-rubens, subtus tuberculatus.
Hah. Kedah : on Gunong Jerai (Kedah Peak) at 3,000 feet elevation on stumps and low trees (5,140) !
Allied to D. atropurpureum, Miq., but very much larger. Some specimens have very large heads of flowers, others much smaller.
The flowers much larger than those of D. atropurpureum, Miq., of a very deep red colour. The lip is bent in the middle ; it is narrow, with a pair of little lateral lobes and a fleshy rounded terminal one, which is thickened and has a tubercle beneath.
D. (§ Aporum) Keithii, Eidl., sp. nova. Gaules s»pe 1^ ped. longi, usque ad f poll, lati, ramosi, debiles. Folia usque ad 2 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata, acuminata, falcata, acuta (textur© D. grandis) ; vagin© admodum compress©. Capitula plura, axillaria, ^ poll, longa; bracte© plures, sice©. Flores f poll, longi, breviter pedicellati. Sepalum posticum ovatum obtusum purpurascens, lateralia latiora ; mentum sepalis multo longius, curvum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora, lanceolata, obtusa. Lahellum cum sepalis vix ©quilongum, cuneato- spathulatum, apice bilobum ; lobi rotundati, minute denticulati, involuti basi elevatim 3-nervosi, apice pluri-nervosi ; callus 0. ColumnoB pes longus, excavatus. Anthera lata, pileata, in marg^ne recta integra.
Hab. Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith ! Pungah, 0. Curtis t
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This plant is most nearly allied to D. grande, Hook. f. It has the same thin-textured foliage and hroad stem. The flowers have an unusually long mentum for a plant of this section, and look like those of some very small PediUmum. Mr. Curtis describes them as dull yellow, — Dr. Keith, as having the petals and sepals purplish green, the lip greenish yellow with bright pink borders. The lip has a narrow linear base, and gradually widens upwards till it ends in a rounded bilobed blade, the margins of which are very obscurely toothed. There is no caruncle or callus on the lip, but the end is thickened and fleshier than the rest of the flower.
Dendrobium (§ Apordm) Leonis, Beichh. /. in Walp, Ann,, vi. p. 280. Apcyrum Leonis, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 59.
A common plant, growing on trees low down in orchards, dry forests, and open places, flowering irregularly all the year. The leaves are dark, dull green. The flower, which is strongly scented of vanilla, is yellowish, thickly dotted with purple outside and cream colour or brownish within, the lip paler above, with a reddish central bar beneath, dotted with purple. It is usually more or less emarginate at the apex and ciliate. The column is rather short, yellowish, with an orange spot at the base. The anther is rather large, cap-shaped, truncate. The stigma very small. Pollinia oblong orange. Hah. Singapore : Selitar ! Toas ! Tauglin ! Pulau Tekong ! (in Johore Strait.)
Johore : Batu Pahat !
Bhio : Native collector !
Malacca : Merliman ! Sungei Bakru Ulu !
Selangor : Seppan !
Pahang : Kwala Pahang ! Kota Glanggi !
Perak: Scortechini.
Eedah : Yan !
Cochin-China : Saigon, Haffner !
D. (§ Aporum) prostratum, Bidl, sp. nova. Caules c. pedales, procumbentes, ramosi, radicati. Folia i poll, longa, ferme \ poll, lata, oblongo-triangularia, subacuta vel obtusa, oamoso- coriacea, rugosa, alro-viridia saspe purpurascentia. Flores iis B. Leonis similes sed minores, pallide flavi baud raro rufo-tincti, sub expansione odori. Sepalum postkmm ovatum obtusum, lateralia multo majora ovata subfalcata; mentum breve,
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APOSTASIACEiB OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 249
curvuiu, latum, obtnsiim. Petdla sepalis breviora multo angns- tiora tenniora pallidiora, spathalata. Ldbellum oblongum, apice dilatatum rotasnm, marginibus erectis; carina basi elevaia, apice attenuata anrantiaca a callo parvo oblongo vel quadrato ei*ecto ornata. «
Hab, Singapore : On trees in mangrove swamps, Kranji ! Selitar I Sungei Blukang ! Selangor: Seppan !
This little species is allied to D, Leonts, Keichb. f ., wbich it resembles in form of leaf and flower, bat it is always prostrate in habit, the stems lying flat on the tree trunks, emitting roots from their under side, and branching. The flowers are much smaller than those of 2). Leonis, and have a vanilla scent. The lip bears at its end in the broadest part a small almost cubical callus.
Dendrobium (§ Strongtle) tbrbs, Lindly Bot Beg. (1840) Misc., p. 51. Caules plores congesti, 10-15 poll, longi, graciles, rig^di. Folia plura, 3-4 poll, longa, ^ poll, crassa, teretia, obtnsa, atroviridia ; vagi use 1^ poll. long89, teretes, ore obliqno- integrae. Flores majusouli, singulatim expansi, e bractearum fasciouHs, in apicibus canlium vetastorum (ob folia delapsa) nudis, exorti ; pedicelli cum ovario j poll, longi, virescentes. Sepala subsequalia, ^ poll, longa, sobpatula, lanceolata, acuta, alba ; mentum ultra ^ poll, longum, rectum, conicum, obtusum. Petala sepalis SBquilonga, paollisper augustiora. Ldbellum sepalis brevius, 3-1obum, carinis in disco 3 (medio breviore) acutis rubro-flammeis ornatum; lobi laterales oblongo-ovati, subacuti, erecti, a nervis flammeis omati, medius angustior lan- ceolatns acuminatus acutus. Columna fere recta, alba ; venter excavatum, canaliculatum ; clinandrium profundnm; stelidia erecta, antheram hand superantia. Anthera conica, obtusa; loculi disjuncti; rostrum ovatum, integrum; rostellum in- tegrum, decurvum, rotnndatum. Stigma parvum, profundnm, ovale, marginibus paullisper elevatis.
Hob. Singapore : on high trees, Toas ! Johore : Kota Tinggi !
I have little doubt as to the correctness of this identification, though I have not seen the type specimen. But, as Lindley's description does not, in some respects, fit my specimen, I have given a fresh description.
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250 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJB AND
The plant is very stoat and large for tlie section, witb thick, terete, blant leaves, very distant, on account of the long inter- nodes. The flowers are of a thicker textnre than most in the section, and last longer. They are pure white, except for the ^me-colonred veins on the inner side of the lateral lobes of the lip and the .three red keels in the middle. They have a scent of heliotrope. The lip is distinctly three-lobed, a rarity in the section, the mid-lobe being sharp and acute.
It is not a common plant.
Dendrobidm (§ Stkongyle) juncecm, Lindl,y BoL Beg. (1842) Misc,^ p. 9.
Hah, Singapore : Hort. Loddiges.
I have met with nothing corresponding to this species in Singapore ; but what I take to be the plant intended I received from Manilla, sent by Sr. Vidal. If I am correct in this, its affinity is with J), crumenatum, Sw., not with the section Strongyle^ although the leaves are terete, or nearly so.
D. ACicuLARB, LindL, Bot. Beg, (1840) Ifwc, p. 81. Said to come from Singapore, but was doubtless erroneously located.
D. (§ Strongyle) albicolob, BidL^ sp, nova, Caules usque ad 8 poll, longi, soepe ramosi, basi ob folia delapsa nudi ; intemodi superne dilatati. Folia 1-1^ poll, longa, crassa, teretia, acuta, atro-viridia. Flores ssBpe terminales, singuli, pro sectione maximi, albi; pedicelli ferme 1^ poll, longi, graciles. SepaXam posticum parvum oblongum obtusum, lateralia multo majora: mentam cum sepalis SBquilonguro, cui'vum, obtusum. Petala sepalis angustiora, lineari-oblonga. Labellum obcuneatum, emarginatum, album, apice flavo-tinc- tum ; marg^nes crispi ; linea mediana elevata. Columna brevis ; pes loDgus ; stelidia erecta. Anthera ovoidea. Stigma rotun- datum, ovatum.
Hah, Siam : Pnngah, Curtis !
I had some fine plants of this in the Singapore Botanic Grarden, which I believe came from Mr. G. Mann, in Assam, but their label was lost. It has the largest flowers in the section, nearly pure white, except a yellow tint on the lip and some pink spots on the column foot.
D. (§ Strongylh) kbntrophyllum, Hooh. /., Fl. Brit, Ind., v. p. 725.
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APOSTASUCEJB OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 251
Hab, Perak: Scortechini,
Pabang : Tahan River Woods ? (a fruiting specimen only.) This seems most to resemble D, acerosum, Lindl., but the mentnm is very narrow and acute.
Dendrobiom (§ Strongyle) subulatum, Hook. /., Fl, Brit. Ind., V. p. 726.
Hah. Singapore : Bnkit Timab ! Bukit Mandai ! Selitar ! Penang : Western Road, G. Curtis ! Rhio : Native collector ! Also Sumatra : Djambi ! A small tufted plant witb semi-transparent wbitisb flowei-s veined with pink, the lip white with a central orange spot.
D. (§ Strongyle) acerosom, Lindl, Bot. Beg. (1841) lfwc.,p.43. Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Common on trees and bushes.
Jobore : Kwala Kahang, Kwala Sembrong, Lake and KeUall ! Tanab Runto !
Pahang : Kwala Pahang !
Penang : Near the town, G. Gurtia !
Rhio!
Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith !
D. (§ Strongyle) flexile, Bidl., sp. nova, Oaules plnres, usque ad 3 poll, lougi, tenues, gracillimi, flezuosi, pendnli. Folia i poll, longa, teretia, acuminata acuta, ad caulem ad- pressa. Flores subterminales, | poll, longi, penduli. Sepalum posticum parvnm lanceolatum acutum, lateralia ovato-trian- gularia acuta ; mentum multo majus, latum, obtusum, curvum. Petala parva, linearia, alba. Lahellum album, macule in medio aurantiac^; unguis linearis; lamina lata, obovato-rotundata, apice obscore 3-loba, in margine denticulata.
Hah. Singapore : Bnkit Tinah !
Pulau Aor : East comer of Johore, Feilding !
The smallest plant of the section that 1 have seen, with £owers nearly as large as those of D. suhulatum, Hook. f.
D. (§ Virgatj:) conostalix, Beichh., /., in Walp. Awn., vi. p. 292. B. calcaratum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 89.
Hah, Singapore : Changi ! Bukit Mandai ! Tampinis ! Malacca : Bnkit Bruang !
This inconspicQons slender plant almost always grows in shallow water. It is called '' Bumput Baja,^* Sari, in Malacca.
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Dendbobium (§ ViBGAT^) viLLOSULUM, Wall List, n. 2006. D. Lobhii, Teysm. et Binn. in Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., v. (1853) p. 491.
Hah, Singapore : Bajan, in dry woods ! Toas ! Kranji ! Snngei Buloh ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir ! Alt. 8,000 feet. Peiiang : Fcrrter (Wall. List, n. 2006). Kedab : Eedah Peak ! At 4,000 feet elevation. I have little doubt but that Teysmann's D. Lohbii is the same as Wallich's plant, as there are specimens quite identical with the common species in Lobb's Herbarium (n. 482). It is always terrestrial, growing among dry leaves and in moss, and ascending to the tops of the mountains.
D. (§ V1BGATJ5) ABIETINUM, Bidl,^ sp. nova, Cau?e« pi d res, pedales, gracilcs ; intemodi inferiores longi, canaliculati, glabri. FoUa remota, 4 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, acuta, canali- culata. Flores parvi, in racemo brevissimo bini ; bracfceee parvae, lanceolatao, cum ^ parte pedicelli eeqailongae. Sepala explanata, alba rufo-striata, oblonga obtusa, lateralia (postico latiora) ^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata ; mentum cum sepalis SBqui- longum. Petala anguste linearia, acuta, virescentia line4 mediana mfescente. Lahellum camosum, spathulatam, obscure 4-lobum ; lobi laterales vix distincti, medius paullo longior emarginatus obtusas pallide viridis ; carinsB in disco 2, paullo elevated. Columna angusta, fere recta, basi excavata, alba; stelidia recta dentiformia. Anthera oblonga, quadrata. Stigma magnum.
Hah, Kedah : Ghinong Jerai ! 4,000 feet alt. ; OuDODg Baya, Gwrtis! Perak : Maxwell's Hill ! 3,000 feet alt.
An ally of J), jpinifolia^ Bidl., but differing in its thinner glabrous stems, linear channelled leaves, much smaller flowers, and different lip. The base of the colamn is excavate, so as to form a nectary. It is epiphytic, growing on trees, at no great height from the ground in dense woods.
D. (§ Bambusifoli^) gemellum, Lindty Gen, et Sp. Orch.^ p. 81. Epiphytica, 2-3-pedaliR. Caules erecti, basi teretep, supeme compressi. FoUa 4 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata, lorata, tenoiter coriacea, graminea, striata, nee carinata neo canaliculata, apice obtusa insBqoaliter biloba ; vaginae j poll, longas, transversim rugosaB, ore integrae. Bacemus brevissimus,
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in bracteis 2 oblongis obtosis celatus, bifloms, e medio internodi (folio oppositus) extrusus. Flores parvuli, flavescentes. Bractea iloralis minnta, ovata; pedicellus ^ poll, longas, gracilis; ovarium distinctnm, ^ poll, longum, crassiusculum. Sepalttm posticum lanceolatnm subobtasam, lateralia majora triangulari- lanceolata ; mentum cam sepalis sBquilonga, crassnm, obinsum, carvTim. Petala lineari-lanceolata, acuta, flavescentia vel yirescentia. LaheUum sepalis brevins, angustum, spathalatum, tenne, albescens, integrum ; margines erecti ; linea mediana pauUo elevata. Oolumna brevis, crassa; clinandrinm prof nu- dum ; pes longiusculus. Anthera calvariiformis, minute verrucosula margine retuso ; poUinia 4, aequalia, elliptica, parallela ; stelidia brevissima, vix distinguenda ; rostellum poculiforme, latum, crassum, integrum. Stigma magnum, oblongum, profundum, basi a callo conioo bifido auctum.
Hah, Singapore : On mangroves !
Malacca : Bukit Bruang, Griffith^ in herb. Lindley ! Also Java ! Sumatra, Djambi ! A broader-leaved form with larger, whiter flowers.
An unattractive plant, with greenish or yellowish f agacious flowers. It is often brought in by natives, and appears to be quite common among the Malay Islands.
Dendrobium (§ Bambusifoli^) pensile, Bidl, sp. nova. Caules plures, 2-3-pedales, penduli, congesti, per totam longi- tudinem foliati, teretes. Folia 3 poll, longa, | poll, lata, disticha, subobtusa, \mie vireutia. Bacemi brevissimi, e medi& parte internodi orti; bractea ovato-triangularis, lata sicca. Flores bini, sessiles, flavi ; ovaria ^ poll, longa, crassa. Sepala lanceolata attenuata contorta, lateralia triangularia obtusa : mentum breve, latum, obtusum. Petala angusta, lanceolata. Lahellum sepalis multo minus, trilobum ; lobi laterales breves erecti curvi f alcati, medius longior lanceolatns acutus pubescens apice recurvus flavus a lined, mediant. rubr& percursus. Oolumna crassa, subglobosa, superne attenuata ; pes angustus. Anthera crassa, subglobosa. Stigma rotundatum. Hab. Singapore : Selitar !
Johore : Native collector !
Bhio : Native collector ! A very curious plant with a large number of long, hanging stems, covered with thick fleshy leaves. The flowers have a
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very thick conical ovarj and no pedicel. They are produced in pairs subtended by a large dry bract. The lip is remarkably small and the globose colnmn narrowed at the top is very singular.
It grows on mangrove trees overhanging the river.
DeNDROBIUM (§ CLAVAT-fi) TUBERIPERUM, Hook. /., Fl. Brit
Ind,, V. p. 728.
Hah. Singapore : Selitar ! Toas ! Pahang : Kwala Pahang !
Perak : Ounong Hijan, Murton^ fide Hook. /., I.e. On trees usually in the low country, local and never common.
D. (§ Clavatj:) clavipes, Hook. /., Fl. Brit Ind., v. p. 728. Hab. Pahang : Pulau Chengei !
Perak: Scortechint. On trees in thick woods, low country. I have also received this from Djambi, in Eastern Sumatra.
D. (§ Clavatj:) cbumenatum, Sw. in Schrad. Joiim., ii. (1799) p. 237.
Hab, Singapore: common everywhere on trees and rocks by the sea. Selangor ! Negri Sembilau ! Perak ! Johore ! Malacca ! Penang : Common everywhere in the low
country ! Pahang: Pekan! Kedah: Tan!
Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith ! Cochin-China : Saigon, Dr. Haffner ! This common plant, known to the residents as the Pigeon- orchid on account of the form of the unopened flower, has, like some other orchids here, the habit of flowering on particular days. At intervals of about nine weeks all the plants in a given district burst into flower on a certain day, and as the flowers are very conspicuous and abundant, it has a striking efEect. They are all withered by the end of the day, and no more are seen till the next Howering day. Sometimes there are a few isolated plants which flower a few days or even weeks distant from the others, but far the greater number open on the same day. I observed that in Malacca on one occasion all the plants flowered on the day before those in Singapore, but
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plants brongbt down to Singapore from as far north as Siam flowered simultaneously with those in Singapore.
The natives call it ^^ Bunga Angin" (lit. Windflower) in Malacca, and boil the pseudo-bulbs and use them for earache.
Dendrobium (§ Clavatj)) inconcinnum, Bidl.,, sp, nova. Bodices longee, crassee. Oaules ultrapedales, basi pollicari teretes, dein pseudo-bulbosi 1^-pollicares fusiformes, superne graciles ramosi teretes. Folia dissita; vaginaa 1^ poll. long»; laminaB 1| poll. long» ^ poll, latae, apice ohtusae. Hacemi ^ poll, longi, a bracteis siccis tecti, ex intemodorum basibus extrusi. Flores 1 poll, longi, singulatim expansi, albi. iSepaZum posticnm lanceolatum acutum, lateralia multo majora ovata acuta falcata ; mentum rectum, longius. Petala linearia, falcata. Lahellum obcor- datum, emarginatum ; lobi laterales lati apice rotundati, medius suppressus. Oolumna lata, erecta ; stelidia par?a, erecta. Stigma oblongum, majusculum.
Hob. Siam : Pungah, on trees near the village, C. Curtis !
A very insignificant straggling plant, with the stem swollen into a pseudo-bulb an inch and a half above the base.
It appears to be most nearly allied to D. orvmienatum, Sw.
D. (§ Clavat-s) Clavator, Eddl.j sp, nova. Caules ultra* pedales, basi et apice nudi, superne graciles ; intemodi basales pauci, teretes, unus f poll, longus incrassatus fusi- formis 10-costatns olivaceus. Folia 3 poll, longa, iV poll, crassa, pauca, remota, teretia, acuta, canaliculata. Bacemi breves, e caulis parte nud& terminali orti ; bracteas plures bruneaa. Flores parvi, singulatim expansi, pallide flavescentes rubrotincti. SepaJum posticum f poll, longum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia -^ poll, lata late ovata falcata ; mentum latum, curvum, crassum. Petala ^ poll, longa, lanceolata, sepalo postico breviora angustiora. Labelli lobi laterales oblongi rotundati pallidi rubronervosi, medius ovatus obtusus minate denticulatus ; discus elevatus flavescenti-rubescens. Columna brevis, striato- rubescens. Antkera rotundato-oblonga, late marginata ; stelidia obscura. Stigma rotundatum, viride.
Hab. Perak: Thaiping!
This species is allied to D. clavipes. Hook, f., but differs in the terete leaves grooved on the upper surface, and the denticulate mid-lobe of the lip.
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Dbndrobium (§ DisTiCHOPHYLL*) BEVOLUTUM, lAndl,^ Bot, Beg. (1840) Miscy p. 61 ; Hook.f., Bot Mag,, t. 6706. Hab, Johore : Batu Pahat ! Native collector,
Kedah : Kedah Peak ! 3,000 feet alt. on low trees. Moalmein : Parish. Bather a local plant, but abundant in a few places. I have never seen it in Singapore.
D. (§ DiSTICHOPHYLL J!) TJNIFLORUM, Ortff,, NotuL, iii. p. 305, Ic. PL As., t. 303.
Hab. Malacca : Mount Ophir ! (all collectors) ; on low trees at 2,000-3,000 feet alt. Perak : Maxwell's Hill ! .
I have already (in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. Bot. iii. p. 363) described this species so as to show its distinctness from the preceding, with which it has been confused.
Lindley's specimens on which he based D. revolutum were a mixture of this species and the last. His plants were received from Mr. Barker, of Birmingham (specimen not extant), from Messrs. Loddiges ; specimen in herb. Lindley is D. revolutum, specimen from ** Singapore, Cuming," is D. uniflorvm, Griff., and doubtless came from Mount Ophir, where Cuming had already collected other orchids.
D. (§ DiSTiCHOPflYLLj:) METACHiLiNUM, Eekhb.f. in Bovplandia, iii. (1855) p. 222.
Hah. Malacca : On the tops of lofty trees, B. Berry ! Also collected by Cuming and Maingay.
This appears to be a rare plant, but perhaps its habitat makes it difficult to obtain. Its flowers are described as "chrome yellow," but this is not the case in the living plants I have flowered in Singapore. They were of a bright raw sienna colour.
D. (§ DiSTiCHOPHYLL^) BiFARiUM, lAfidL in Wall. List, n. 2002. B. excisum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1841) Misc., p. 77. Hab. Singapore : Tanglin ! Toas ! Chan Chu Kang ! Sirangoon ! Often on roadside trees. Penang : Wallich. The commonest species of the section, with small primrose yellow flowers. The description of the lip as having ** 7-9 close set ridges " only applies to dried specimens. In a living state
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the lip IB corered with a pnlverulence arranged more or less in lines, with a median channel down the centre. The capsule is an inch in length and half an inch thick, pear-shaped and oblique.
DeNDROBIUM (§ D£STICflOPHYLL«) PANDANETI, lUdL, Sp. TWVa,
Caules elongati, ramosi ; rami 8-12 poll, longi ; radices paucaB. Folia 3 poll, longa, f poll lata, oblanceolata acuminata inaBqua- liter biloba, tenuia, herbacea, pallide flavo-viridia ; vaginae subteretes, carinatsB, virides, ore integro f poll. lato. Bacemi J poll. loDgi, aidllares, pauciflori ; bractea) minuteB ovataa virides ; pedicelli cum ovariis 1 poll, longi, albi. Mores patentes, iis B. metachilini aBquales. Sepalum posticum \ poll, lougum \ poll, latum, lanceolatum, acutum, lateralia similia ; mentum curvum, obtusum, gracile sepalo minus. Petcda linearia, acuta ; sepala petala (menti dorso cervino excepto) alba. Lahellum basi angustatum lineare ; lobi laterales breves, obtusi, incurvi, medins cordatus obtusus carnosulus rubro-aurantiacus marginibus convolutis appressis ; carinee in disco 3, SBquales, aurantiaca). Golumna recta, olivaceo-brunea, in ventre canaliculata ; stelidia ovata, incurva, stigma partim integentia. Anthera immersa,. brunea. Capstila 1 poll, longa, cervina (nunquam viridis) ; costsB fertiles sterilibus bis latiores, caualiculi profundi inter costas siti.
Hah, Singapore : Bukit Mandai ! (n. 5029), on Pcundanus atrocarpusy Griff. Johore : Pnlau Kukub, on Sago Palms. Also in similar localities at Tanjong Kopang, on the Johore Strait.
I believe the affinity of this plant is with D. revolutum, Lindl.^ although the vegetative organs are very different from any in the section Distichophyllm, .The stems are long, weak, and branching, emitting slender roots at intervals by which it scrambles up the vertical stems of Sago-palms, Fa/ndani^ &q. The leaves are long and thin, and very unequally bilobed at the apex. The racemes are axillary and few-flowered. The flowers are inconspicuous, almost entirely white, except that the back of the spur, three lines on the lip, and the whole of the terminal lobe of the lip are dull orange. The capsule is curious frum its being apparently never green, but from its earliest stage is of a light fawn colour.
LINN. JODEN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. S
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Dendrobium (§ DiSTiCHOPHTLLiE) HosET, Bidl, in Trans. Linth *Soc., Ser. II. (Bot) iii. (1893) p. 363. Hah, Pahang : TaHan River Woods !
D. (§ BREViFLOBiB) CALLiBOTBYS, Ridl., sp. nova. Cuules plures, 6 poll, longi, IJ poll, erassi, snbterefces, snlcati, hand incrassati; intemodi IJ poll, longi. Folia pauca, in apice caulis sita, 4 poll, longa 1 poll, lata, lanceolata, tenniter coriacea ; nei-vi 6, distincti ; carina acuta, non multum elevata. Bacemi 1 poll, longi, cauliam apices versus siti, 6-flori. Flores mediocres, congesti, carnoei, odorati, vix expansi ; pedicelli J poll longi ; bracteaa perlatse, ovatso acutss, tenues herbaceee, persistentes, bruneo-striat». Sepalum posticum ^ poll, longum ^ poll, latum, late ovatum obtusum, lateralia longiora ovata acuta f alcatula ; mentum sepalis multo brevius, crassum. Petala lanceolata, falcata, sepalo postico longiora ; sepala petala alba. Lahellum obovatum cuneatum,cochleatQin,camosum, apice crassius flavum, basi album a striis purpureis omatum. Golumna ferme recta, alba, ventre plana, basi excavata. Anthera apice rotundata, alba ; poUinia anguste linearia ; rostellum breve bilobum, lobis rotundatis. Stigma majusculum, semicirculare, in margine elevatum. Capstda 1^ poll, longa, oblonga; pedicelli pedun- calusque elongati incrassati.
Hab, Singapore : Toas, Sungei Mora !
Very local on tree trunks. It is a pretty species with sweetly- scented flowers. The peduncle and pedicels elongate in fruiting, and the large capsule splits up into its separate ribs when dehiscing. I should have taken this plant for D. bretnfiorumy Lindl., in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) iii. (1859) p. 14 ; but Sir J. D. Hooker refers this to D. bicamerattim, Lindl. Lindley's description is rather incomplete.
D. (§ Bbeviflobjb) hercoglossdm, Beichh, f. in Hamh. OaHene., xlii. (1886) p. 558; Oard. Ghron, (1886) ii. p. 487. B. aduncum. Hook, f., Bot. Mag., t. 6784.
Hah, Pulau Tioman : an island off the east coast of Johore, W. Nanson v. v. !
D. (§ Beeviflob«) etjphlebium, Beichh. f, ex Lindl. in Joum, Linn, Soc. (Bot,) iii. (1859) p. 7, Xenia Orck., ii. p. 26. t. 110.
Hah, Singapore : In mangrove swamps, Kranji. Selitar and Toas!
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This also occurs in Borneo and Java. It is omitted from the Flora of British India, but is not rare in Singapore.
Dendrobium (§ Bbbviflobj)) plavidulum, RicU, ex Hook, /., Fl. Brit Ind,, vi. p. 185.
Hob, Singapore : Kranji ! Jnrong ! In mangrove swamps. Rbio.
D. (§ Breviplorjj) yiridulum, Bidl., sp, nova. CaiUes pedales, graciles, flexuosi, basi dilatati incrassati, supeme ^ poll, crassi teretes ; intemodi 1 poll, longi. Folia 3 poll, longa, I poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata acuta, 6accida, insBqualiter biloba, lobus alter altero ^ poll, longior. Flores parvi, iis D. flaviduli eequales, virides, bini in caulibus defoliatis, in peduncnlo brevissimo siti ; ovaria cum pedicellis J poll, longa. Sepala lanceolata, acuta ; mentum brevissimum, crassum, obtasissimum. Fetala sepalis latiora, tenuiora, pallidiora. Lahellum cum sepalis SBquilongum, oblongum, cuspidatum ; discus crassior ; margines tenuiores minute denticulati, pubescentes. Golumna brevis, lata ; stelidia brevia, obtusa.
Hab. Siam : Pungah, Curtis !
Near D. Jlavidulum, Bidl., but weaker and more slender ; sepals and petals narrower, longer in proportion.
D. (§ Pedilonum) secundum, Lindl, in Bot Beg,, t. 1291 ; WaU. List, n. 1996. Hab, Long Island, south of Singapore, W, Nanson ! Johore : Common on the East Coast. Pahang : Kwantan ! , Ewala Pahang ! Penang: WaUich, This species occurs also in Tenasserim and Cochin-China, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
It does not seem to be at all common in the Malay Peninsula. I have onlj gathered it myself on low trees in open country in Pahang.
D. (§ Pedilonum) virescens, Bddl,, sp. nova, Cavles ultra- pedales, graciles, teretes, ssBpe flexuosi. Folia 4 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata, tenuia, apice admodum insequalia. B<icemi e caulibus nudis orti, laxi, usque ad 12-flori ; bractesB breves, lanceolatae, cuspidatie ; pedicelli 1 poll.
s 2
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longi, graciles, patentee. Flares pedioellis longiores. Sepalum posticum ^ poll, longum, 07atum acntom, lateralia panllo latiora ; mentum f poll, longum, pendulum, cylindricum, clavatum. Petala sepalis breviora, late ovata. LabeUumi longe anguste unguiculatum, apice dilatatum, margines incrassati; lamina transversa eamosa, apice tenuiter rotundata apiculata, margo denticulatus. Oolwmna lata ; elinandrium profundum ; margines elevati ; stelidia tenuia, lata. Anthera pileata, apice conica ; caudicula longa ; clinandrii margo elevatus ; rostellum latum obtusum. Stigma profundum ; columnaa margines multum elevati.
Hob, Legeh : Toraoh, A. Machado ! v.s.
A curious species, allied to D. brievianum, Bolfe, with greenish- yellow flowers. The lip has a very narrow linear base, adnate to the mentum, enlarging gradually towards the apex till near the end, where the margins are thickened and fleshy, and a fleshy transverse bar connects them. The epichil is deflexed, it is quite thin and rounded when spread out, and denticulate. The sides of the column above the very slender foot are raised into fleshy wings. The anther is remarkable for being attached by the very apex to an unusually long filament, which takes its rise from the base of a triangular process of the elinandrium margin, such as one generally considers to be the fllament itself.
Dendbobium (§ Pedilonum) Mqle, BidLf sp, nova. Gaules usque ad 2 ped. longi, ^ poll, crassi, canaliculati. Folia 3 poll, longa f poll, lata, lanceolata subacuta, coriacea. Bacemi ^ poll, longi, e caulibus defoliatis orti; bracteaa breves, lanceolatsd acutse; pedicelli cum ovario ^ poll, longi, filiformes. Flares plures, laete rosei. Sepalum posticum J poll, longum oblongum obtusum, lateralia lanceolato-ovata subobtusa curva ; mentum \ poll, longum, teres, obtusum, in medio flexujn. Petala sepalis breviora latiora tenuiora, obtusa. Lahellum spathu- latum, basi anguste lineare ; lamina obovata, in margine laciniata ; callus nullus. Oolumiia brevis. Anthera hemis- pheBrica ; caudiculus longus ; stelidia erecta, triangularia.
Hah, Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Lurut Hills !
This much resembles D. camutum, Hook, f., but has smaller flowers, with the edge of the lip lacerate. The flowers are of a beautiful mauve colour. It grows sometimes very high up on
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APOSTASIACEa OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 261
the trees in the jungle at Maxwell's Hill. The description is mainly from dried specimens.
Dendrobium (§ Pedilonum) roseatum, Bidl.f sp, nova, Caules ultra 2 ped. longi, graciles, snlcati. Folia 3 poll, longa, -J poll, lata, lanceolata acuta. Eacemi 1 poll, longi, usque ad 6-flori ; bracteaa ^V P^^- longse, ovatae, persistentes ; pedicelli 1 poll. ^ongiy graciles. Flores magni. Sepala ^ poll, longa, ovata; mentum cum sepalis sequilongum, basi rectum, apice clavatum curynm. Petala sepalis latiora, late ovata obtusa. Lahellum spathulatum, basi anguste lineare ; margines involuii ; lamina late rotundata, crenulata; sepala petala alba roseo-tincta. Columna brev^is, crassa ; pes angustus ; stelidia brevia, lata, rotundata incurva ; clinandrium profundum, marginibus pro- ductis. Anthera lata, calvariiformis.
Hab. Perak: Maxwell's Hill, G, Curtis! v.s.
This is evidently very near D. megaceras^ Hook, f., which, however, has a three-lobed lip, a long, curved mentum not dilated before the tip, and petals smaller than the sepals.
D. (§ Pedilonum) pyropum, Eidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Hot.) ill. (1893), p. 862. Hah. Pahang : Tahan Woods ! Sungei Ujong, Dr. Braddon !
Singapore: Choa Chu Kang (1894). I have had a single plant from each of these localties.
U. (§ Pedilonum) crocatum. Hook. /., Fl. Brit Ind., vi. p. 185. Hab. Perak : Larut (King's Collector).
Resembles apparently the preceding, but has a crenulate lip and an oblong reversed callus at the base.
D. (§ Pedilonum) kentrochilum. Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 731, et Ic. PL, t. 2030.
Hab. Perak : Batang Padaug Valley, Wray.
D. megaceras, Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ltd., v. p. 731. Hab. Malacca, Maingay.
D. (§ Pedilonum) Eoum, Bidl., sp. nova. Caulis 2 ped. longus, ^ poll, crassus, canaliculatus, purpurascens ; intemodi 1 poll, longi. Folia non visa. Bacemus ^ poll, longus, 2-florus ; bractead minutaB, ovatae. Flores magni, rosei ; pedicelli J poll, longi. Sepalum posticum ^ poll, longum ^ poll, latum, oblongo- ovatum obtusum roseum, lateralia majora oblonga obliqua
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pallidiora; mentum | poll, longum, angnBtnm, complanatum, apice dilatatum uncatum subacutum. PetcUa sepalis multo longiora latiora, obovata obtusa. Ldbellum cum petalis 8Bqui- longnm, ^ poll, latum, basi angustum canaliculatum, dente brevi acuminato retrorso addiio ; lamina oblonga, alba yiolaceo- punctata, apice dilatata emarginata minus violaceo-punctata ; discus a lineis 3 punctorum violaceorum percursus. Columva superne multum incrassata ; pes longus canaliculatus ; stelidia brevia, erecta. Stigma profundum ; margines mulfcum incrassati.
Eah, Siam : Kopab, Curtis ! (1894) v.v.
A very charming species of the Pedilonum section with large rosy flowers, the petals a good deal larger than the sepals, the mentum long and narrow, dilated towards the apex, which is then narrow and decurved. The lip has a broad spade-shaped blade with a terminal notch. It bears a short white retrorse tooth in the lower part of the narrow claw. The whole flower is rosy, deeper coloured at the apex of the petals and mentum, which has a reddish tint. The lip is white with three lines of violet dots and other dots scattered over it ; the apex is also violet-mauve.
Dendrobium (§ Pedilonum) lamellatum, Lindhy Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 89.
Hah. Singapore : Changi ! In damp, swampy woods on. tree stems. Selangor : Kwala Lumpur ! Pahang : Kwantan ! Perak: Scortechini, Not a very rare plant, though certainly local. It is very widely distributed, occurring from Tenasserim to Java. The stems are remarkably thin for their height and breadth.
The flowers open white but soon turn ochreous yellow, as figured in the 'Botanical Register* (1844), t. 63. It seems to me this should be placed with Pedilonum rather than with Eudendrohiumi.
D. (§ Pedilonum) sanguinolentum, LindLy Bot. Beg. (1842) Misc.^ p. 62.
Hah. Penang Hill : on trees in the Cypripedium Valley, 2,000 feet alt. Kedah : Kedah Peak ! alt. 3,000 feet, abundant on low trees and stumps.
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 26ft
It also oocnrs in Borneo ! and the Tembelan Isles !
There are two forms of this: the true D, sanguinolentufiy Lindl., with light, creamy yellow petals and sepals and lip tipped with violet pink, and an ochreons-yellow spot (not redy as usnally described) in the centre of the lip ; and var. cerinumy with no spots on the tips of the petals and sepals. B, cerinwrny Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1879) ii. p. 554, collected in the Sulu Archipelago by Burbidge, seems to me to be hardly distinct fi*om the latter variety, but, according to Burbidge's^ drawing and Reichenbach's description, the lip is obscurely three-lobed. I doubt its being a distinct species. The yellow variety was much more common in Kedah Peak than the violet- tipped one.
Dendrobium hymenanthum. Hook. /., Fl. Brit Ind., v. p. 732. D. hymenopterwm, Hook, f ., Ic. PL, t. 2032. Hob. Perak : Gunong Batu Putih, Wray.
D. HuGHii, Beichh. /. in Oard. Chron, (1882), i. p. 764. Gaules pedales vel ultra, teretes vel superne incrassati, graciles, debiles, purpurei; intemodi breviores. Folia pauca, 3 polL longa i poll, lata, linearia, acuminata. Flares majusculi, 1^ poll, lati, caulium nudorum apices versus siti, singuli expla- nati, tenues, speciosi. Sepala elliptica, obtusa, alba sspe pallide violaceo-tincta ; mentum cum sepalo vix aaquilongum,. elongatum, rectum, gracile, acuminatum. Petala sepalis paullo majora, alba. Lahellum integram, spathulatum, apice lato truncatum, album (basi nervisqne citrinis exceptis) ; carinsB 2,. in labelli ungue connatsB, in laming divaricatce ; nervi in laminaB disco 2, elevati, paralleli. Columna brevis ; pes longus ; venter profunde canaliculatum, apice incrassatum, margines incrassati antheram subquadratam superantes ; rostellum latum ^ retusum. Stigma magnum, rotundatum.
Hab, Kedah Peak : alt. 3-4,000 feet, on small trees !
A pretty species, with fairly large thin, white flowers, more or less tinted with violet, except on the backs of the sepals. The lip has two ridges on the claw, which separate on the blade, and their edges meet in the middle line, so as to foim a nectary or tube on the claw, and there are also two thickened nerves on the mid-line of the blade with a channel between.
The column is greenish-white, with the upper part orange. It is evidently allied to the preceding species.
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264 ME. HENEY EIDLEY ON OECHIDEJE AND
Mr. Boxall, who introduced this species, tells me he obtained it at Kedah Peak, and that this is the plant described by Beichenbach under the name of D. KughiL The description is not a good one, and the locality is incorrect.
The section (§ Speciosce) hardly occurs in the Malay Penin- sula, though it is well represented in Siam.
Dendeobium ceuentom, Beichh, f. in Qard. Chron. (1884) i. p. 604.
Hab. Siam : near Toukah, local, C. Curtis !
Tho figure of this remarkable plant in Warner and Williams's Orchid Album, iv. t. 174, does not quite resemble the plants cultivated here in colour. The Siamese specimens had yellow flowers tinted only with green, not the bright apple-green of the figure, and the markings are cinnabar-red.
D. Farmeeii, Faxt., Mag, Bot, xv. (1849) p. 241. Hob. Siam : Punga, rare, Curtis,
D. LiTUiFLOBUM, Lindl. in Oard. Chron. (1856) p. 372 — was sent from Chantaboon, in Siam, by Dr. Keith.
D. AGGREGATDM, Jioxh,, Hort, Beng.y p. 63, Fl, Ind., iii. p. 477.
Hah, Siam : Chantaboon, Dr, Keith ! Puugah, Curtis. Perak: Scortechini.
There is a figure of this in Scortechini's drawings, but no locality is given, and I have no other evidence of its being wild in Perak. ,
D. (§ SPEcrosa) Dalhousieandm, Wall, ex. Faxt,, Mag, Bot,^ xi. (1844) p. 145.
Hah, Singapore: ChanChuKang! (1890).
Of this species, not hitherto known south of Tenasserim, 1 obtained a single large plant on a big fallen Dipterocarpous tree in dense forests at Chan Chu Kang. On the same tree was another orchid not known from the Malay Peninsula hitherto, viz., Saccohibiu/m gigantetim, Lindl., in fine flower. Both were indisputably wild, but I have never seen or heard of plants of 'either species occuriing in the peninsula since.
1). ScoETECHlNi, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 741. Hab, Perak : Scortechini,
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APOSTASUCEJS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 265
This I cannot distinguish from D. $ujperhum, Reichb. f. Possibly the specimen and drawing were from cultivated plants of this species, which is often to be found in gardens in Singa- pore, being imported from Borneo.
BULBOPHYLLUM, Thou.
B. (§ Sestochilos) mackanthum, LindL, Bot Beg, (1844) t. 13.
Hab. Singapore : Common. Tanglin ! Chan Chu Kang ! &c. Malacca ! Pahang : Pekan Woods !
B. MEGALANTHUM, Qriff., Notvl, iii. p. 286, et Ic, PI. As,, t. 292.
Hah. Malacca : Pulau Besar, Ortfith.
1 have sought for this on Pulau Besar, but can find nothing like it.
B. PATENS, King, ex Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 187.
Hah. Singapore : Chan Chu Kang ! Ac. Johore : Tana Runto !
The foliage and pseudo-bulbs of this so closely resemble those of B. macranthum, Lindl., that it is very diflBcult to dis- tinguish the two apart unless in flower. The flowers are smaller than those of typical B. macranthum, and, like them, have a scent of cloves.
B. {§ Sestochilos) sanguineo-maculatum, Bidl., sp. nova. Bhieoma gracile; radices copiossB, congest sb. Pseudo-huUn 1^ poll, longi, I poll, crassi, subteretes, curvi. Folium 4 poll, longam, 1 poll, latum, lanceolatum acutum, tenuiter coriaceum, laste virens, reticnlatum ; carina basi crassa supeme attenuata, canaliculata. Flos singulus, majusculus, speciosus; scapus 2 poll, longus, a vaginis pluribus ampliafcis tenuibus tectas ; bractea ovario multo brevior. Ovarium acute carinatum, viride rubro-macnlatum. Sepalwn posticum 1 poll, longum, \ poll, latum lanceolatum acutum camosum, lateralia 1^ poll, longa, semi-ova tia elliptica, basi depressa, libera. Petala lanceolata acuta, basi angustata; sepala petala flavescenti-viridia, trans- lucentia, rubro-maculata. Lahellum breve, parvum, crassum.
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266 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
carnosum, stipitatum, cnrvnm, basi latnm ; lobi laterales distincti denticulati, medius canaliculatns, flavns rabro-maca- latus, apice et in canalicnlo prsBsertim papillosns ; papilli canalicnlusque atro-kermesini. Columna brevis, crassa, flava rubro-punctata ; dorsnm rotandatnm; apex liber; pes longns. Anthera depressa, obtusa, rubra, margine recto ; stelidia biden- tata, dens posticus, erectns acutns, anticns porrectns cnrvns. Stigma grande, rotandatnm. Oapsula 1^ poll, longa, viridia pnrpnreo-macnlata ; costaB eeqnales.
Hob. Selangor : Kwala Lnmpnr, in woods, G. Curtis ! v,v.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Sestochilos) rugosum, Ridl.^ sp. tiova. Bhizoma gracile, ramosnm. Fseudo-bulbi plures, 2 poll, longi, ^ poll, lati, aggregati, oylindrici, mgosi, virides. Folium 6 poll, longam, 1^ poll, latum, petiolatum, oblanceolatum acutum, carinatum, submembranaceum. Scapus ^ poll, longus, pseudo- bulbo approximatus ; bracteae paucsB, ovato-lanceolat89 ; pedi- cellus cum ovario 1 poll, longus. Flos ^ poll, in diam., vix apertus. Sepala 1 poll, longa, lanceolata acuta, pallide flava, extus multi-rugosa, lateralia sub labello approximata. Fetala sepales breviora, albo-flavescentia. Labellum j poll, longum, crassum, breviter stipitatum, carnosum, oblongum, apice decur- vum, basi excavatum, in medio anguste canaliculatum, rufescens. Columna brevis, crassa, fusca ; pes longiusculus ; stelidia obtusa, triang^aria. Anthera conica ; margo retusus. Ovarii coBtm carinatee, sinuatee.
Hab, Singapore : Chan Chu Kang ! (Fl. July and September) v.v.
This plant forms a tuft of pseudo-bulbs, tolerably close together and cylindric in shape, barely larger at the base than at the apex. The flowers, of which each plant usually produces a number at once, are dull and inconspicuous. They are of a putty-yellow, curiously ribbed on the outside. The lip is small,, broad, and thick, the apex decurved and the sides alsodeflexed; it is fleshy and squared in outline, in colour of a dull pinkish red. The ovary ribs are elevated into sharp, waved keels.
B. (§ Sestochilos) pileatum, Lindl, Bat. Beg, (1844) Misc^ p. 73.
Hab. Singapore : Selitar !
Penang: Maingay, Curtis! Perak : Wray,
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APOSTASIACBJC OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 267
To the description in the * Flora of British India,' I would add that the rhizome is rather slender, and the pseudo-bulbs, which are conic and about an inch long, are more than an inch apart. The flowers are widely open, all ochreous yellow, except that on the lip on each side of the groove at the base is a bar of red spots. The lip much resembles that of B. patens, King, in form. I see no " mesial ridges " ; but there is a deep channel from the base of the lip for rather less than half its length. The column is greenish, rather longer than usual, and there are no distinct stelidia. The anther is conical and stands well above the clinandrium ; it is green with a purple edge ; the front margin is prolonged and emarginate.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Sestochilos) Reinwardtii, Beicho. /., in Walp, Ann., vi. p. 246. Hah. Perak : Wray, <fec.
B. (§ Sestochilos) galbinum, JBtrfZ., sp. nova. Bhizoma longe repens, Pseudo-hulbi 3 poll, longi, j poll, crassi, cylin- drici, costati, inter se 1-3 poll, dissiti. Folium petiolatum, ellipticnm, acutum, tenuiter coriaceum ; petiolus 1 poll, longus, canaliculatus ; lamina 6 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, striata. Pedunculi 3 poll, longi, pseudo-bulbis approxiraati, gracile^, 2-flori. Flores magni, speciosi, explanati; bractese \ poll. longsD, ovatsB acutea; ovarium cum pedicello 3 poll, longum. Sepalum posticum 1^ poll, longum, lanceolatum acuminatum acutum, lateralia 1^ poll, longa, f poll, lata ovata acuminata. Petala ferme 1 poll, longa, ovata acuminata; sepala petala olivaceo-flava. Ldbellum cordatum, acuminatum, camosum, stipitatum, basi profuude excavatum kermesinum subtns pro parte album, apice recurvatum. Golunvna lata ; stelidia brevia, angulata, subobtusa ; pes | poll, longus, linearis. Anthera dis- tincte 2-loculari8, subtriloba, apice rotundata ; pollinia excavata. Stigma oblongum, basi rotundatum profundum.
Hab. Perak: Maxwell's Hill, climbing on trees, in dense jungle abundant !
This is a fine species, though the sepals and petals are of rather a dirty olive yellow. I should have taken it for B, Bein- wardtii, Reichb. f., if that had not been described as having the lip not stipitate. There is a sketch of B, gaJhinum among Scor- techini's drawings. The anther is nearly 3-lobed, the mid-lobe (crest) taller than the others, which are the loculi. The
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268 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
rostellum is orange and sticky. The lip moves very readily on its stipes.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Sestochilos) longiflorum, Bidl, sp. nova. lihizoma ^ poll, crassum, longe repens, lignosum ; radices plures, validae. Pseudo-hulhi 1^-1^ poll, longi, cylindrici, inter se 2 poll, dissiti. Folium 6-7 poll, longnm, 2-2^ poll, latum, petiolatum, lanceolatum ssBpins obovatnm vel ellipticnm, acutum, subcoriaceum in sicco membranaceum ; petiolus ] poll, longus ; nervi plurimi, reticulati. Scapus 1 poll, longus, psendo-bnlbo seepins approximatns, a bracteis lanceolatis acumi- natis membranaceis tectas ; pedicellus l^ poll, loogi, basi a bracte& longk involutus. Flos 2 poll, longus, tenuis, baud explanatus. Sepala lanceolata, caudata, lateralia postico paullo latiora f poll. lata. Petala 1^ poll, louga, lineari-lanoeolata, caudata, sepalis breviora angustiora. Sepala petala rosea, obscurius striata. LaheUum ^ poll, longum, crassum, curvum, bi eviter stipitatum, a latere visum reniforme, pallide auranti- acum, apice papillosum. Columna brevis ; stelidia longa, porrecta, subteretia. Ovarii costse, sinuatse, elevatse.
Hab, Eedab : Eedah Peak ! alt. 3,000 feet, on trees and on the ground, abundant, v. v. Penang: Government Hill, C. Curtis!
This belongs to the group with a stipitate broad thick fleshy lip, almost cubic in proportions, like that of B. insigne, Ridl.
The flowers are thin in texture and of a dull pink with darker veins, with an apricot-orange lip. The Penang specimens are rather smaller than those from Kedah, but appear to belong to the same species.
B. (§ Sestochilos) hispidum, BidLy sp. nova. Rhizoma validum, lignosum, longe repens; radices longee, rigidse. Pseudo-hulbi 1 poll, longi, conici, crassi, inter se usque ad 3 poll, dissiti. Folium lanceolatum, obtusum, coriaceum, in sicco nigricans, striatum, politum ; petiolus I poll, longus ; lamina 3-6 poll, longa, 2 poll. lata. Scapi ^ poll, longi, pseudo- bulbis approximati, crassi, a bracteis undique tecti. Racemus ^ poll, longus ; rhachis crassa ; bractesB ^ poll, longse, ovatee, acutae. Flores roajuscoli, patentes, atropurpurei, foetidi, usque ad 8 in racemo congesti. Sepala sequalia, ^ poll, longa, f poll, lata, ovata subacuta, polita, atrorubra in marginibus hispida, lateralia connata. Petala ^ poll, longa, lanceolata, falcata.
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APOSTASUCEiE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 269
rubra bnmeo-striata, in marginibns bispida. Labellum crassuni, sessile; unguis crassns, brevis ; lamina lingusBformis, lata, obtusa, verrnculosa, basi a processubus 2 uncatis aucta ; carinea 2 humiles ; canaliculus medianus. Columna longiuscula, pallida rubro-maculata ; pes brevior ; stelidia parva, erectia, denii- formia. Anthera conica, obtusa, flava rubro-punctata. Stigma scutiforme.
Hab. Kedah : Kedah Peak, alt. 4,000 feet. v. v.
I found this singular orcbid growing in a dense dark wood of low trees on the summit of Kedah Peak, scrambling along the branches. The flowers form so compact a raceme that they look as if they were capitate. They are of a very deep red with long hairs on the edges of the sepals and petals, and are polished on the inner face. They exhale a strong odour of carrion. The lateral sepals are connate at the base and beyond the column foot. The species is most nearly allied to B. Daya- nuvi, Keichb. f., differing in the long rhizome and distant pseudo-bulbs, the more numerous differently-coloured flowers, the connate sepals, &c. Except in size of flower neither this nor B. Dayanum, Keichb. f., has any clear relationship with the true Sestochili^ but it iu difficult to see where else to class them.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Sestochilos) membranifolium, HooJc. /., FI. Brit. Ind., v. p. 756.
Hab. Perak : Ghinong Batu Putih, Wray.
B. Sectio nova. Monanthaparva.
There are a number of one-flowered BulbophyUa, of very small size which differ so much from typical Sestochili that one can hardly class them in that group. They include : —
B. STRUTELLUM, BidL in Ann, Bot., iv. (1890) p. 335.
B. viTTATUM, Teytm. and Binn. in Tijdsehr. Nederl. Ind.^ xxiv. (1862) p. 308 ; Miq., Ghoix des Flantes, t. 20. f. 2.
B. ocuLATUM, Teyam. and Binn,, i.e., p. 309; Miq,, Z.c, t. xxii. f. 2.
B. MONiLiFORMB, Par, and Eeichb, f, in Trans, Linn, 8oc., xxx. (1874) p. 151.
B. CATENARiUM, Bidl, (vide p. 270).
B. AViCELLA, Bidl. (vide p. 270).
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270 MB. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
BuLBOPHiLLUM CORIACEUM, Bidl. in Tratu, Linn. Soc, Ser. II. (BoL) iv. (1894) p. 235.
B. STRUTELLUM, BidL in Ann. Bot.^ iv. (1890) p. 335 t. 22, fig. 7-9.
Hab. Singapore : Chan Chn Kang !
The stelidia in the drawing of the above-mentioned figure having been shown a little more slender than they should be has led Sir Joseph Hooker to imagine (Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 189) tbat tbere was some confusion in the description and drawing. However, both were taken from the then only specimen I had seen. It is not very scarce in this locality, but one very rarely can get flowers.
B. CATENARIUM, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iv. (1894) p. 235.
Hab. Singapore : Sungei Buloh ! On mangrove trees very abundant, Changi ! Chan Chu Kang ! .
B. (§ Monanthapabva) Avicella, Bldl., sp. nova. Bhizoma elongatum, gracillimum. Pseudo-bulbi ^ poll, longi, pyriformes, rugosi, IfiBte virentes, inter so 1 poll, distantes. Folium J poll, longum, -j^ poll, latum, exacte ovatum, subacutum, crassum, coriaceum, cariuatum canaliculatum, atroviride. Scapi ^ poll, longi, 1-flori ; bracteea minimee, cupuliformes, mucronataa. Floret parvi, reversi. Sepalum posticum ^ poll, longum, lanceolatum acutum virens, lateralia multo latiora conniventia cymbeeformia acuta atro-kermesina. Petala minima, ouneata, mucronata, pallida. Ldbellum brevissime stipitatum ; unguis incrassatus, erectus ; lamina lanceolata subobtusa, porrecta, plana, angusta, aurantiaca subtus purpurea, papillosa ; carina media, basi kermesina. Oolumna crassa, rosea; pes curvus, subsBqualis; stelidia elongata, linearia, apice truncata sub- biloba, lobo superiore brevissimo, inferiore decurvo-falcato. Anthera apice rotundata, margine rostrato ; rostellum brevissi- mum subtriangulum, obtusum. Stigma ovatum, latum. Capsula ^ poll, longa, pro flore maxima, erecta, ovoidea; carinae 6, acutaB, magnaa, eequaJes.
Hab. Singapore : Kranji, Bajan (2361), Toas, on man- groves !
This little plant is very common in the mangrove swamps, but is seldom to be met with in flower. It dimbs on the stems
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 271
and brancbes low down. Tbe flowers are borne on very abort Bcapes, sometimes singly close to a psendo-bnlb, sometimes one on eacb side of a psendo-bulb, or again, sometimes, at some distance fi^m it. Tbey are reversed, i.e., tbe lateral sepals are uppermost, and open but a little, resembling tbe bead of some large-beaked bird. Tbe lateral sepals are dark crimson, and meet togetber by tbeir edges, so as to form a kind of reversed boat. Tbe petals are small and inconspicuous. The lip is sborter tban tbe sepals, narrow, witb a tbickened claw, orange- coloured, with a crimson groove at tbe base, and minutely papillose. Tbe capsule is very large in proportion to tbe size of the flower, witb very well-developed keels.
BULBOPHYLLUM (§ MoNANTHAPARVA) VITELLINUM, BtdL^ sp, nova.
Bhuama elongatum, gracile. Pseudo-bulbi 1 poll, longi, conici, obliqui, quadrangulares, inter se f poll, dissiti. Folium 1| poll, longum, ^ poll, latum, lanceolatum, obtusum, pallide viride. PeduncuU ^ poll, longi, capillares, 3-4 prope ad pseudo-bulbum congesti aut distantes ; pedicellus cum flore expanse aequilongus, proven tu 2-plo longior. Flos vix J poll, longus. Sepcdum posticum oblongo-ovatum aurantiacum apice a lineis 3 ker- mesinis nigro-maculatis marginatum, lateralia lanceolate ovata patentia flava. Petala cum ^ parte sepali postici sequilonga obovato-oblonga, retusa, aurantiaca apice a 4 maculis atris glandulosis marginata, in margine minute ciliata. LaheUum cum sepalo sequilongum, oblongum, obtusum, subcamosum, aurantiacum, basi excavatum, canaliculatum. Columna brevins- cula ; pes productus ; stelidia linearis, obtusa, longiuscula, erecta. OapstUa ^ poll, longa, fusiformis, pendula.
Hah. Sumatra ? (c. in Hort. Ranch, Singapore, Jan., 1894).
Belongs to the same set as B. catenartum, Ridl., but has larger bulbs and leaves than any of tbe species which I have seen. The flowers are, however, smaller than those of B. conaceum, Bidl., from Kinabalu. The pedicel of the flower lengthens to double its size in the fruit.
This was found on a tree in a garden in Singapore with B, Epicrianthes, Hook, f., and Dendrocolla fulgens^ mihi. All were said to have been obtained in Singapore, but I think they probably came from Sumatra.
B. (§ Monanthapaeva) monanthos, Ridl., sp. nova. Bhizoma gracillimum, longe- repens ; radices copiossB. Pseudo-bulhi
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272 ME. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
^ poll, longi, ovoideo-coDici, dissiti. Folium 1^ poll, longntn, f poll, latum, elliptico-lanceolatnm, obtttfiom. Scapi plurimi, 1 poll, longi, filiformes. Flos singulus, parvus ; bractea cupuli- formis, mucronata. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum obtusum rubronervium, lateralia (postico majora) ferme ^ poll, longa lanceolata acuta flava. Petala cum ^ parte sepali vix 8Bquilonga, late ovata acuta, apice purpurea. Labellum sepalis brevius, lanceolatum, planum, subobtuHum, flavum basi purpnreo- maculatum. Oolumna breviuscula; stelidia longa, subulata, aBcendentia. Anthera ovata, depressa.
Hob, Siam : Pungah, Kasoom Road, C, Curtis !
This species, of which I have seen but one flower, is closely allied to B, catenarium, Bidl., which it much resembles in the form of the flower, but the pseudo-bulbs and foliage more resemble those of B. modestum, Hook., f. The bract is like that of B, Avicella^ Ridl., a wineglass-shaped cup, from one side of which projects a small point or mucro.
BcLBOPHYLLUM CLANDESTiNUM, Lindl, Bot, Reg, (1841) Misc.^ p. 77.
Hah, Singapore: Very common; Kranji, Tanglia, Sungei Morai, Chan Chu Kang !
Johore : Kota Tinggi !
Malacca : Batu Berendam (R. Derry) !
Penang: Telak Tikus, 0. Curtis!
Pahang : Pekan, Tahan River !
Perak: Scortechini.
Also Rhio ! (Native Collector). Java, Dr. Treuh ! Abundant on trees in open country, river banks, &c.
B. CAPiTATUM, Lindl, Oen. et Sp. Orch., p. 66. HaJ). Johore : Batu Pahat, Lake and Kelsall ! Penang : Government Hill, Curtis ! Perak : Gunong Hijan ! Gunong Batu Putih, Wray, Also occurs in Java and Borneo. The flowers are orange red, brightest at the tips of the sepals. They are not really capitate, as the name implies, bat in short racemes. It appears to be always a native of hill districts.
B. Epicbianthes, Hook.f.y Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 753. In specimens cultivated here, I find 14 petal threads, two pairs of threes, and two single ones. They are not strap-
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APOSTASIACE^ OP THE UALAT PENINSULA. 273
shaped, but terete and clubbed, dark grey at the apices, white at the base. The plants were brought to me from the same tree as B. vitellinum^ mihi.
BuLBOPHTLLUM M0DB8TUM, Hook, /., Fl. BHt, Ind,^ V. p. 759, Ic. PI, t. 2038, B.
Hob. Perak : Maxwell's Hill ! 2,000 feet alt.
A small long creeping species with green flowers, growing on stamps on the ground.
B. CONCINNUM, Hook, /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 187, Ic. PL, t. 2038, A.
Hah. Singapore: abundant! Kranjil Sungei Buloh ! North Selitar! Johore : Sungei Kahang, Lake and KeUall ! Also Borneo : Br. HavUand. This is common on branches of trees in the Singapore mangrove swamps, and especially where there is much moss. The flowers, though small, are very pretty, being of a bright flame colour, darkest at the points of the sepals, much after the style of those of B. capitatum, Lindl.
B. VEBMicuLABB, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind.y vi p. 188.
Hah. Singapore : Selitar ! Eranji ! Sungei Morai ! Ghangi ! Johore : Kwala Kahang !
Very conunon in the mangrove swamps, its long slender rhizome creeping far on the branches. Flowers greenish white.
B. ADBNOPETALUM, LincIL, Bot. Beg. (1842) Misc., p. 85 ; Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 188.
Hah. ** Singapore : Hort. Loddiges."
B. APODUM, Hook./., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 766, Ic. PI, t. 204;^. Hab. Singapore : Kranji, Chan Ghu Kang, North Selitar ! Johore : Tanah Runto ! Malacca: Merliman! Perak : Batu Kuran, Scortechini ; The Cottage, Thaiping
Hills ! alt. 4,000 feet. Also Djambi (Sumatra!) Bather a common species with lemon-yellow flowers emitting a somewhat unpleasant odour. It usually grows in masses on tolerably high trees in thick woods. A form found on the top
LINN. JODRN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXIT. T
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274 JAR. HENRY BIDLET ON ORCHIDEiE AND
of the Thaiping Hills difPered in haying the sepals more pointed and keeled,
BULBOPHYLLUM LEPTOSBPALUM, Hooh, /., Fl. Brit, Ifld.^ V.
p, 767, Ic. PI, t 2045. Hah. Malacca: Maingay.
Penang : Oovemment Hill, 0. Ourtis ! Perak : Hermitage Hill ! Flower, greenish-yellow.
B. ODORATUM, Lindl., Oen. et 8p. OrcJi., p. 54.
[Lindlej merely places in the gen as Bulbophyllum the Diphyes odorata, Blame (Bijdr. 312), adding nothing to the meagre description of Blnme. The plant, which from the description I conclude to he Blnme's Diphyes odorata, occnrs in the Malay Peninsula as well as in Java and Borneo ; I add a fall descrip- tion of this.] Epiphyticum. Bhizoma longe repens, lignosnm. Pseudo-hulbi minimi, globosi, vix distincti. Folium 7-8 polL longam, 1 poll, latum, ohlanceolatam, ohtusum, subpetiolatum, coriaceum, apice rotandatam. Scapus 1^ ped. longus, ferme onmino floriferus, crassus, angulatus, pallide yiridis, basi a vaginis paucis suflWtus. Flores parvi, copiosi, subverticillati, reversi, aarantiaci mox albi ; bractesD ^ poll, longse, cum ovariis soquilongsa, lanceolatse, acuminataB, albs. Sepala e basi triangulari lanceolato-linearia, acuminata, aurantiaca moz alba; mentum nullum. Pdala minima, cum column^ sequi- longa, ovato-lanceolata, alba. Labellum minimum, crassum, album vel aurantiacum ; lobi laterales majusculi, erecti, rotun- dati, medius brevis linguiformis planus obtusus. Golumna crassa, alba ; pes crassus, porrectus, oblongus ; st^lidia integra vel bidentata, dente antico elongato angusto acuto, postico brevi subobtuso ssdpe obsolete. Anthera depressa, tennis. Stigma magnum, subcuneatum.
Hob. Pahang : Kwala Jahan !
Borneo : often brought by collectors. Java : Dr. Treub !
This species has [a long slender raceme of innumerable flowers, orange-coloured in the bud and when first open, and finally white. They are sweet-scented. There is a considerable amount of variation in the plant ; the pseudo-bulb is often so slightly enlarged that it is difficult to distinguish it from the base of the leaf, sometimes it is dilated and forms a small globose body. The lip is sometimes entirely orange-coloured,
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APOSTASIACEA OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 275
sometimes wHte with an orange tip, and the size of the lateral lobes in proportion to the mid-lobe varies a good deal. The arms of the column are sometimes quite simple, and sometimes have an accessory tooth at the back.
BuLBOPHTLLUM PEDiCELLATUM, Ridl. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)y xxxi. (1896) p. 278, t. 14.
JEdb, Siam : Pnngah, 0. Curtis !
Also Borneo. Flowers light yellow, sweetly scented.
B. Globulus, Hook,/., Fl Brit Ind., v. p. 767, Ic. PI, t. 2047. Hah, Perak : Bcortechini. I have never met with this.
B, Wbati, HooJc.f,, Fl. Brit Ind,, v. p. 766, Jc. PI, t. 2044. Hab. Perak ; Ghinong Bemmbun Pahang, Wray. I have not met with this.
B. LASIANTHUM, Lindl. in Oard, Ghron. (1855), p. 53. Hah, Penang : On the big rock on the top of GK)vemment HiU! Perak: Scoriechini,
B. (§ Racbmosji) botetophorum, Bidl, sp, nova. Dense C89spitosa, ebnlbosa. Bhizoma longe repens, a foliis nndiqne tectum. Folia 1 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, elliptica, plana, camosa, atro-viridia subtus pallidiora, canaliculata,apice intogra, inter se ^ poll, distantia. Bacemi ^ poll, longi, penduli ; rhachis crassiuscala ; bracteas minutse, ovatsD. Flores minimi, vix ^ poll, lati, pauci, congesti, atropurpurei. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum acuminatum pallidum a striis 3 rubris percursum, lateralia multo majora semiovata falcata cymbiformia atro- kermesina. Petala majuscula, quadrata, truncata, basi ad sepalum posticum adnata, in margine pallida atrokermesina denticulata, Labellum camosam ; unguis brevis, pallidus, truncatus; lamina ovato-elliptica, obtusa, decurva, atropur- purea, papillosa, basi a carin& semicirculari elevate omata- Cohtmna pro genere alta; venter canaliculatum ; margines involuti; clinandrium parvum, profundum. Anthera magna, galeata pnstulosa, rubra, margine antico retuso; pollinia globosa, aurantiaca; stelidia magna, crassa, rotundata, ker- mesina. Capsula ^ poll. loDga, oblongo-elliptica, sessilis, pur- purascenti-viridis ; costaa SBquales nee carinatsD.
T 2
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276 MR. HENRT BIDLET ON OBCHIDE£ AND
Hah, Singapore : Sungei Buloh, Toas, Eranji ! PabaDg : Near Pekan !
This plant grows thickly on branches and trunks of trees, especially on the borders of mangrove swamps. The leaves lie flat on the rhizome, and the flowers are crowded into small pendoloas bunches. It is quite nnlike any other species from this region, but the flowers somewhat resemble in structure those of another species from Madagascar.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Racemosje) boseum, Bidl,, «p. fwva. Bhizoma breve, gracile. Fseudo-hulbt J poll, longi, f poll, crassi, subglobosi, approximati, atrovirides. FolitMn 3 poll, longum, ^ poll, latum, angnste lanceolatum acuminatum acutum, camosam, atroviride. Bacemus 1 poll, longus, usque ad 4-florus; bractese lanceolatse, acut», ovario breviores. Flores f poll, longi. Sepala ovato-lanceolata acuta, pallide rosea. Petala sepalis multo minora, linearia. LaheUum sepalis paullisper longias, sessile, ellipticum obtnsum, planum, carnosum, cera- sinum ; carinee 2 curvsB, basi dissit®, in lamin& medilt approxi- mated. Golumna recta, longi ascula, rosea ; pes brevior ; stelidia obscura, antherA breviora. Anthera ovata. Stigina majnsculum, subrotundum.
Eab. Siam: Pungah, 0. Curtis!
B. (§ Racemosje) lilacinitm, Bidl.^ «p. nova. Bhizoma validulum, lignosum; radices oopiosse, graciles. Psettdo-htUbi 1| poll, longi, 1 poll, lati, conici, crassi, longe dissiti. Folium 5 poll, longum, 1 poll, latum, oblongo-lanceolatum, crassum, subpetiolatum ; petiolas ^ poll, longus. Scapua 1^ poll, longus, crassus, psendo-bulbo approximatus, a vaginis tectus ; racemus 3 poll, longus, densns. Flores plurimi, i poll, longi; bractesB ^ poll. long89, cum ovariis seqnilongaB, lanceolataB acuminata. Sepalum posticnm lanceolatum acutum, lateralia longiora approximata. Petala sepalis multo breviora, late ovata, apico subulata. LaheUum sepalis multo brevius, basi in canaliculo 2-cariDatum ; unguis crassns ; lamina lanceola^a obtusa, plana, recta ; sepala petala pallide lilacina (in marginibus sepalorum et labelli caualicnlo pwesertim) roseo-punctata. Oolumna erecta, long^U8Cula ; pes cam column^ sBquilongus, ab hlU) ferme liber ; stelidia erecta, lanceolata acuta, antheram superantia. Stigma magnum, rotnndatum.
Hab, Kedah : Kedah Peak !
Southern Siam : C, Curtis !
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APOSTASIACB^ OP THE HALAT PENINSULA. 277
This species is allied to B. Pechei (Horb. Ball) from Monlmein.
BULBOPHTLLTTM (§ RACEMOSiS) DENSIFLORUM, Eldl,, sp. nOVa.
Bhizoma loDgissimum, lignosnm, crassam ; internodi^ poll, longi, a yaginamm fibrillis tecti ; radices paucse, graciles. Fseudo-hulbi 1 poll, longi i poll, lati, angaste oblongi, teretes panllisper compressi, basi baud incrassati, inter se (usque ad 6 poll.) distantes, atrovirides basi purpurascentes. Folium 12 poll, longum, 1-2 poll, latum, angaste lanceolatum acuminatum acutum, tenuiter coriaceum, atroviride in dorso pallidius, canaliculatum, carinatum. Bacemus 2-poll. longus, densus, pendulus; pedunculus 1^ poll, longus, crassus, a vaginis ampliatis olivaceis rubropunctatis tectas. Flores parvuli; bractesB ferme -^ poll, longee, lanceolatsB, ovarium breve minute pubescens pedicellumque snperantes. Sepalum posticum f poll, longum, ovatum, lanceolatum, carinatum, mucronatum, basi virescens apice extds purpurascens purpureo - punctatum, lateralia | poll, longa, postico longiora, lanceolata acuminata acata, carinata, torta, porrecta, colore (quam sepali postici) pallidiore ; margines approximati. Petala } poll, longa, lanceolata, mucronata. Labellum linguasforme, camosum, purpureum, basi profunde canaliculatum, apice decurvum ; margines erecti, carinati. Golumna ferme globosa, brevis, albescens purpureo-punctata; pes angastus, apice liber; stelidia erecta triangularia, acuta. Stigma parvum, profundum. Capsula 1^ poll, longa, crassa, elongata, pyriformis.
Hab. Singapore : Selitar ! Bukit Mandai ! Bakit Timab ! Kranji ! Choa Ghu Kang !
Allied to B, crassipes^ Hook, f., but with different foliar organs, and differently coloured flowers. It frequents the trunks of trees, usually in dense woods.
B. CBASSIPES, Hook. /., Fl. Brit, Ind,, v. p. 760. Hab. "Penang: Herb. Lindl." I have not met with this.
B. LiMBATUM, Lindl.y Bot. Reg, (1840) Misc., p. 74. Hab. " Singapore : (Hort. Loddiges)."
B. (§ BAOiMOSiB) OiGAS, Ridl,, sp. nova, Bhizoma elongatum, lignosum, ramosnm. Fseudo-hulbi ^-| poll, longi, \ poll, crassi,
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278 MR. HENBY BIDLET ON OBCHIDEA AND
cylindrici, longe (nsqne ad 6 poll.) dissiti. Folium 18 poll. loDgum, 6 poll, latum, obovatnm ant oblanceolatam, coriaceum, carinatnm, in petiolum longnm attenuatum. Scapus 1^ ped. longns, crassus, erectus, psendo-bulbo approximatus ; vaginaB f erme 4 poll, longee, superne ampliatsB remotaB. Eacemus 5 poll, loogns, densns, multifloms, nutans; bractese ^f poll, longss, ovatee, flores ferme tegentes. Flores \ poll, longi, breviter pedicellati. Sepala lanceolata acuta, lateralia a mento g^bboso brevi aucta. Petala sepalis angustiora, linearia ; sepala petala alba rubro-maculata. Lahellum parvuro, sessile, column^ brevius, hastatum, obtusum, aurantiacum, basi incrassatum emarginatam, apice decurvum; carinas 2, subparallolaB. Golumna crassa, alba, maculis purpureis 2 parvis in stigmatis latere, 1 magn4 in basi sitis; pes brevlusculus, aurantiacus; stelidia 2-dentata, dente postico brevissimo, antico longiore acnto. Capsula 1| poll, longa, elongato-pyriformis.
Hob, Perak: On rocks and trees at Maxwell's Hill, Larnt Hills!
This is, I think, the largest of all known BulhophyUa^ as far at least as foliar organs go. It is an ally evidently of B, Beccariiy Beichb. f. The racemes are dense, but not large, and the flowers bj no means conspicuous.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Bacemosje) tbifolium, BioU., itp. twva. PseudO'hulbi \ poll, longi, compacte aggregati, conoideo-ovoidei, virides ; radices copiosaB, flbrosas. Folium 6 poll, longnm, 1 poll, latum, lanceolatum acutum, subtus pallidins ; margines et carina yix elevata pnrpurascentes. Scapus 1 poll, longns, crassns, albns, k yragmk bmnei tectns ; racemns ^ poll, loogus, erectus, capitatus. Flores parvi, dense congesti; ovaria brevissima, pnbescentia, viridia ; bracteas lanceolatae acntas, pubescentes, albaa. S^alum posticnm late lanceolatum acutum, pnbescens, a striis 3 roseo-striatnm, lateralia postico longiora obliqua lanceolata ab acumine excurvo acuminata tristriata pubescentia a macul& kermesinit basali striis punctisque roseis omata. Petala sepalo postico breyiora, lineari-lorata obtusa, unistriata, pubescentia, rosea. Lahellum breve, ungniculatum, linguaeforme, apice rotundato camosulum, canaliculatum, album roseo- kermesino crebre punctatum, verrucosum ; canaliculus medins, atrokermesinns. Oolumna brevis, flavescenti-viridis ; dens magnus, albus, porrectus, e ventre ortus ; pes longus, planus,
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APOSTASUGEiE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 279
albns mbro-marginatuB. Anthera obtuse conica, margine recto ; stelidia elongata, lata, tmncata, suberecta.
Hab. Singapore: Sungei Moral! (Flowers Aug.-Dec.).
A very curious plant with a capitulnm looking like a head of pink clover (Trifolium medium^ Linn.). The pubescence of the flowers and the remarkable tooth on the face of the column are its most striking peculiarities.
BuLBOPHYLLUM (§ Intebvallat*), Stblla, Bidl. in Journ, Linn. 8oc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 277.
Hab. Singapore: Bukit Mandai! JurongI Choa Gha Eang! Kedah : Woods on Kedah Peak ! Perak ? : (A sketch among Scortechini's drawings.) This grows on the stems of trees in thick jungle*
B. (§ Intebvallata) gleistooamum, Bidl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot) xxxi. (1896) p. 277. Hdb. Perak : Waterloo, G. Curtis. Rhio: (Native collector).
CIRRHOPETALUM, Lindl.
C. Mbdusjc, Lindl., Bot. Beg. (1842), t. 12. Hab. Singapore : Tanglin ! On trees by the roadside, Bukit Timah, and on very lofty trees, Chan Cha Kang ! Johore : Tengarah, T. Feilding ! Perak : Dindings at Lumut ! Pahang : Tahan River ! This does not seem to be a very uncommon plant, but it so frequently inhabits the tops of the loftiest trees that it is often quite inaccessible.
C. VAGiNATUM, Lindl, Oen. et Sp. Orch., p. 69, et in WaU. List, n. 1979.
Hab. Singapore : Tanglin, &c. !
Johore : Tana Runto !
Selangor: Bukit Hitam, ZekoZZ .' Sepan ! Petaling !
Malacca : Ghing ! Mt. Ophir !
Pahang : Kwala Pahang ! Kwantan ! Chelating !
Penang : Government Hill, 0. Curtis !
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280 ME. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJK AND
The commonest species here, often densely covering branches of trees. The flowers are of a pale straw-colonr. It is very floriferons and easy of cultivation.
CiRRHOPETALUM psiTTACOiDES, BicU,, sp. nova, Ehxzoma breve. FseudO'hulhi^ poll, longi, congesti, conici, mgosi neqne angulati. FoUum 4 poll, longnm, 1 poll, latum, elliptico-lanoeolatam obtnsnm, coriacenm, apice bifidnm. Scapus 8 poll, longns, gracillimns, ruber. Flares pro genere minimi, 8-9-nim verti- cillati ; bractesD ^ poll, longse, lanceolate acuminataB. Ovarium cum pedicello ^ poll, longum, rubrum. Sepalum posticum ovatum, cucallatum, longe cuspidatum, in margine ciliatnm, basi flavnm apice rubrum, lateralia 1| poll, longa basi connata tubum ore rotundatum formaniia apice libera longe setacea omnino (maculis 2 flavis in tubi ore sitis exceptis) atro-rubentia. Petala lanceolata acuminata, longe aristata, in margine ciliata. Lahellum lingusBforme, ovatum acutum, carnosum, violaceum in medidr parte pallidius lucidum. Golwnna conica, in pede lato sigmoideo flava, in ventre rubro-punctata ; stelidia lata, tenuia, translucentia.
Hab. Singapore : On Freshwater Island, south of Singapore ! Johore : Batu Pahat, Lake and KeUall ! Malacca: N. Oantley !
This is a very distinct little species, and, though the flowers are small, is really pretty. The lateral sepals are so bent and connate at the base as to form a tube with a circular mouth, over which hangs the small violet lip. Their apices are separate and hang down, and are very slender and setaceous. The petals are rather long in proportion and strongly ciliate. The flowers form a perfect circle and look like a series of very small parrots' heads, the lip representing the beak. They are (as indeed all the Cirrhopetcda are) fertilized by a minute Dipteron, which usually settles upon the long pendent sepals and climbs up them till it reaches the lip upon which it sits, and when it has got beyond the balancing point of the lip is pitched off upon the column, where it receives the pollinia. I have seen one fly ride on the lips of all the flowers in an umbel in turn, bat as a rule only one or two flowers at most are fertilized.
C. LONGissiMUM, EidLy sp, nova. Bhizoma crassiusculum. Fseudo-hulbi 1 poll, longi, J poll, crassi, congesti, conici, curvi. Folium 6-8 poll, longum, 1 poll, latum, oblongo-lanceolatum
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APOSTASIACE^ OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 281
acntuin, coriaceuin, basi tortum; petiolus crassus. Scapus 8 poll. longos, pendolas, crassiusculns, basi cam psendo-bulba in yag^& 1^ poll, longa siccA striata inyolntns ; vaginsB 2-3, 1 poll. long89, acuminatsB remotsB addantnr. Umbella 4-7-flora ; bractesd ^ poll, longsa, lanceolatse acuminatae. Sepalum posticam f poll, longnni ^ poll, latmn, lanceolatnTn caudatnin, in margino minute ciliatnm, cameum a nervis 5 mbris percurstim, lateralia 8-12 poll. loDga pallida camea nsqne ad ^-| longitndinem connata apice libera filiformia. Petala ^ poll, longa, lanceolata,. falcata, in margine ciliata, rosea. Lahellum longins, ling^se-^ forme, acatum, camosnm, in medio canaliculatum, album. Golumna majnscula; stelidia brevia, obtasa; clinandriam in margine minute denticulatum. Anthera oblongs, depressa, atra ; rostrum obtusum.
Hob. Siam: Punga, G. GurHs (Fl. H. B. Penang, Oct. 1893).
This species is remarkable for the immense length of the lateral sepals, which are upwards of a foot long. They are connate for from a half to a third of their length, the free portions being exceedingly slender. The dorsal sepal ia minutely dliate, the dark pink petals more distinctly so, the trichomes in the latter being glandular and very different from those of such species as 0. gamosepalumy Oriff. The column ia rather thin textured, the lip large and fleshy, of a dirty white.
CiREHOPBTALUM GAMOSEPALUM, Qriff.^ NotuL, iii. p. 296.
Hab, Singapore : Bajan ! dbc., common.
Johore: Batu Pahat! Sungei Eahang, common, Lake
and Kehall, Malacca : Sungei Bambei ! Perak: Scortechini,
Also Borneo and Sumatra, Teuasserim and the Andaman Isles. I take this to be the correct name of a plant much resembling 0. concinnumy Hook, f., but with a very much longer scape. It is very variable in colouring on account of the varying pre- ponderance of pink or crimson specks, the ground colour of the flowers being cream yellow. Perhaps more than one speciea is mixed in the description in the ' Flora of British India,' for in the Malay Peninsula species the lateral sepals are nearly always, connate for their whole length, the tips only being free, and even if they are free for some way up they never become " widely divergent."
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CiRBHOPETALUM GAMOSBPALUM var» ANGUSTUM, BldL, Var. flOVa.
Folia angosta lanceolata basi acuminata. Sepala lateralia angastiora longiora* Stelidia erecta neo prosilientia acatiora. GolumniB pes latior, apex dilatatns.
Hob. Borneo : Sandakan, Mr* Fryer.
This is a rather distinct looking form with narrower leaves and longer acnter sepals. The flowers have more rose colour and less buff in them, and the lip is entirely brown, without the yellow tip which typical (7. gamos^xilum possesses.
C. CONCINNUM, Hook. /., Fl, Brit. Ind,, vi. p. 190, Ic. Fl, t.2060B.
Hctb. Singapore : Chan Ghu Kang ! Kranji ! <fec. Johore : Tana Runto ! Also Rhio !
A common and variable species, growing usually low down on trees. A very distinct looking variety is : —
— Var. PUBPUBEUM, BddL, var. nova.
Pseudo-bulbi et folia formse typicsB. Flores pauUo majores, utro-kermesini. Sepalum posticum minus, -^ poll, longum, atrokermesinum ciliis concoloribas, lateralia f poll, longum, i\ poll, lata, decurva, in vivo canaliculata. LaheUum magis abrapte curvum, flavescens, in margine fuscum. Golumna flavescens, roseo-maculata ; pes longus, gradatim curvus, longior et angusiior.
Hah, Penang : Government Hill !
This has the whole flower of a deep crimson colour, and there are a few minor differences in the proportion of the parts. It has much the resemblance of 0. Gumingii, Lindl., Bot. Mag., t. 4996, from the Philippines.
G. ACUMINATUM, EidL^ sp. Twva. Bhizoma elongatum, tenue. FseudO'bulbi ^ poll, longi, fusiformi-conici, fttrovirides, plnri flulcati, inter se 1 poll, distantes. Folia 3 poll, longa, ferme 1 poll, lata, oblanceolata acuminata, apice obtnsa inssqualiter biloba. Scapus 6 poll, longus, gracilis, tenuis, pnrpureus, usque ad 5-florus. Flores majusculi, imperfecte umbellati ; bractees cum ^ parte pedicelli viz sequilongee, lanceolatse acnt», purpureae. Sepalum posticum ovatum, ab arist& longlk ciliat& aristatum, aurantiacum rabro-striatum, lateralia angusta elongata acuminata libera convoluta, basi rufescentia apice divaricata flava. Fetala, ovata, longe aristata, ciliata, aurantiaca rubro-
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APOSTASUCEJ; OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 283
striata. LabeUum breve, obtnsQiu, Yirescens pnrpureo-ptLnctatnm, band mnlto arcnatnm ; angnii postici obtusi. Oolumna loDgi- nscnla, crassinscnla, yirescens, in ventre pnrpnreo-pnnctata. AntJiera obtnsa, conica, carinata; stelidia brevia, angnlata. Stigma majnscnlnm, margine rotnndato.
Hab. Singapore : Ghoa Ghn Kang !
I have only once collected this. It is allied to G. gamosepaJum^ Griff., bnt the flowers are larger and fewer, forming only a segment of a circle, with the lateral sepals not connate, narrow and acuminate.
CiBBHOPETALUM MiCBOBULBON, Bidl.y sp. nova, Bhtzoma gracilis. Fseudo-bulbi i poll, longi, globosi, inter se 1 poll, dissiti. Folium l^lf poll, longom, f poll, latnm, ellipticnm vel obovatnm, obtnsnm, coriacenm. Scapua 5 poll, longns, gracillimns fili- f ormis ; bracteffi 2-3 parvaa, lanceolate, dissitso. Umbella parva, nsqne ad 8-flora; bracteaa -^g poll, long®, lanceolataa. Flores parvi. Sepalum posticnm ovatnm, cnspidatnm, in margine •ciliatnm, lateralia ^ poll, longa angnste linearia libera rosea. Fetala cnm sepalo postico sdqnilonga, lanceolata cnspidata, <dliata. LabeUum minimnm, ovatnm.
Hah, Singapore : Snngei Bum ! v.s.
I have only met with this once. It is easily distinguished by its very small pseudo-bulbs, very slender scape, and small flowers with very narrow lateral sepals.
G. LiNEABiFOLiUM, Uidl,^ sp, nova. BMzoma longe repens, gracile, in majore parte a vaginis papyraoeis tectum. Pseudo- hvXbi ^ poll, longi, conico-cylindrici, atrovirides, lucidi, inter se usque ad 2 poll, distantes. Folium 4 poll, longum, \ poll, latum, anguste lineari-lanceolatum, obtusum apice bilobum, canaliculatum, ecarinatum, laate-virens. Scapus 6 poll, longns, .gracilis, mfescens; vaginas dissit®. Floret pauci, parvi; bractesB } longsB, cum pedicello SBquilongaa, lineares, acutae, virides. Sepalum posticnm lanceolatum aoutum virescens atropurpureo*striatum purpureo oiliato-marginatum, lateralia ferme omnino connata lineari-aouminata apice libera setacea pallide roseo-rubentia. Petala triangularia lanceolata acuminata, virescentiapurpureo-striata. J/a&eZZum linguef orme subacutum, curvum, carnosum, atropurpureum ; anguli basi aouti. Columnce stelidia brevia, obscura.
Hdb. Singapore : Eranji ! Bukit Mandai ! Ghoa Ghu Kang !
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This nsnallj grows on the lower part of the stems of the Nibong Palm, Onco^permaflamentosumj Blnme, creeping np and aronnd the stems. It is a poor and insignificant species, easily distingaished by its long slender rhizome, with distant pseado- balbs and narrow leaves.
GiBBHOPETALUM SEMIBIFIDUM, Btdl,, sp, fiova, Peeudo-hulht viz ^ poll, longi, conici, angulati^ yirides, in rhizomate g^racili dissiti. Folium 1^ polL longnm, ^ poll, latum, lanoeolatnm sabacntnm, coriacenm, atroviride, non carinatam. Scapus 4 poll, longus, gracillimns, atrokermesinns ; vaginsB 3-4, J poll. loDgie^ aonminat®, albescentes. UmbeUa ferme circularis, 5-flora; bractesB lineares, acnminatss, rofse; pedicellns cum ovario- i poll, longus. Sepdlum posticum ovatum acuminatum roseum obscurius striatum in margine ciliatum, lateralia 1^ poll, longa,^ usque ad dimidiam partem connata, ^ poll, in diam, obscure rosea, apicibus subdivaricatis loratis acuminatis acutis. Petala ovata lanceolata acuta, falcata, in margine ciliata. Labellum lingnaBforme, curvum, roseum apice pallidum. Golumna longiuscula, flava. Anthera elongata, conica ; steUdia brevia, rotundata.
Hab, Singapore : Kranji ! v. v.
This is allied to 0. gamosepcUurn, Oriff., but has much smaller pseudo-bnlbs i to f inch apart on the slender rhizome, very narrow lateral sepals connate for half their length and then separate with narrow diverging points, and the flowers are deep crimson.
C. AURATUM, LincU,, Bot, Beg. (1840) Misc, p. 50; (1843) t. 61.
Hob. Selangor: Seppan, on trees overhanging the river ^ scarce.
This is a charming plant closely allied to C elegansy Teysm. and Binn., of Java, and much resembling it, differing in the free lateral sepals and the entire not denticulate stelidia. The figure in the Botanical Register is less deeply coloured than the Selangor plant. The name auratum is peculiarly inappropriate,, as the yellow colour is the least conspicuous in the flower. It has an odour like that of a mushroom.
C. Makoyanum, Beichb.f. in Oard. Chron. (1879) i. p. 234; Hook. /., Bot Mag,, t. 7269.
Hab, Singapore : Chan Ghu Kang !
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CiEEHOPBTALUM Makotanum var. Bbiknianum, t.e., G, Brienianum, Bolfe, in Kew BuUetin (1893) p. 62.
Hab. Jobore: Onnong Panti ! 2,000 feet alt. Perak : Thaiping !
This was first described by Beichenbach as from Brazil and figared in the ' Botanical Magazine ' withont locality. It is not conunon in the peninsula, bat seems to be plentiful in Borneo. The plaDt yaries a good deal in the form of the psendo-bnlb ; one form has large thick approximate bulbs usually four-angled and broad elliptic leaves ; the other has a slender rhizome, small distant pseudo-bulbs, and narrower lanceolate leaves. What I take to be Rolfe's (7. Brienianum is only different in colour. I have compared both plants, the spotted one, C Makoyanum, Reichb.f.,and C, Brienianum, Elolfe, very carefully, and cannot see any constant difference in form in any part, and as the colouring of the typical one varies a good deal, I put Brienianum as a variety.
Both forms come from Borneo as well as the peninsula.
CiERHOPBTALUM ciTEiNUM, Bidl. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 279.
Hah. Singapore : Freshwater Island ! Tanjong Gt)l ! Kranji ! Sungei Buluh ! Malacca: Mt. Ophir! Perak: Thaiping!
G. LONQESCAPUM, Teysm. and Binn. in Tijdschr. Nederl. Itu2., xxiv. (1862) p. 310.
Hah. '• Penang, Lobb."
I have not met with anything answering to the description of this, which is described as having two-leaved pseudo-bulbs, a thing unknown in any Girrhopetalum or BulhophyUum, The type specimen in Herb. Buitenzorg consists merely of a portion of the scape without the flowers.
C. PLANIBULBE, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Bot) iii. (1893) p. 364, t. 64. Hab. Pahang : Pekan !
Kedah : Yan ! On trees.
C. (§ Ephippium) Blumei, LindL, Ghn. et Sp. Orch.^ p. 59. Bhizoma ^ poll, crassum, ramosum. Pseitdo'hulbi 1-1^ poll, longum, f poll, crassum, conici, sulcati, virides. Folium 4 poll.
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longam, | poll, latnm, lanceolatum acutnm, basi longe angus- tatum atroviride. Scopus 3 poll, longus, filiformis, l-floras ; pedicellas cum ovario \ poll, longns ; bractea lanceolata, arete adpressa. Sepalum posticnm 1 poll, longam ^poll. latnm, linearis lanceolatnm snbnlatnm, basi ciliato-marginatam, rosenm vel kermesinum albo-marginatnm, lateralia 1^ poll, longa lanceolata snbnlata, falcata, glabra, rosea apioe marginibnsqne flavescentia ant alba. Petala parva, obliqne lanceolata acuta, basi approxi* mata apice divergentia, glabra, rosea, basi in margine inferiore denticulata, a pustulis minntis atropurpureis omata. LabeUum vix ^ poll, longum, linguffiforme, stipi tatum, basi crassum canalicnlatnm ciliatnm, apice snbnlatum. Golumna recta; stelidia dentiformia acuta, antheram oblongam conicam superantia. Stigma longam, angustum. Ephippivm oUiatum^ Blume, Bijdr., p. 309.
Hab, Singapore: Kranji! Mangrove swamps rare, Snngei Bnloh ! Gban Chu Kang ! Java: Buitenzorg!
The description of Sphippium dliatumj Blume, is very meagre, nor does this plant seem to have been met with since nor described afresh. I have little doubt, however, that the plant above described was the species intended by Blume, the dorsal sepal being shorter than the lateral sepals. I have retained the species under the genus GirrhopetdLum^ but it differs considerably from any other species known to me. The sepals are narrow, and end in long terete points. The petals are so placed that the upper margins at the base meet over and nearly conceal the anther : but the points diverge widely and the lower margins are turned outwards. The lip is thick at the base, and has a channel in the middle lino. It terminates in a long subulate point. The column is rather tall, and the stelidia are erect. The pollinia are elliptic and longer in shape than is usual in the genus.
The Singapore form was darker in colour than that from Java, otherwise it appeared quite the same.
GiBBHOPETALUM (§ Ephippium) Restbepia, Bidh in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. II. {BoL) iii. (1893) p. 365.
Hab. Pahang: Pekan! On trees.
This is certainly allied to the preceding species, having the solitary flower with large deflexed lateral sepals.
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DENDROCHILUM, Blume.
Dendeochilum, Blume, The genus DendrochUum was founded by Blume to include a number of plants which Bentham rightly separated into DendrochUum and PlatycUnis^ the former including Blume's Section 1 of DendrochUum, To this section Lindlej added a Madagascar plant which has long been referred to Bulhophyllvm.
Blume's species were D, aurtmtiacum, with orange flowers, and D, pallideflavens, with pale yellowish flowers.
Hooker (* Flora of British India ') gives three species from the Malay Peninsula — D, pallidiflorum, Blume (misprint for D, pdUideflavenSy Blume), D, linearifoliumj Hook. f. (which from the Icones plantarum, fig. 1859, is, it appears to me, a Plaiyclinis) and D. hracteosumj'Reichh. f ., collected in the '^ Malay Peninsula " by Finlayson. I have met with two more species, apparently undescribed, viz., D. crassum and D. alhumy mihi, and two others too incomplete for description, one a small species with narrow leaves and greenish- white flowers collected on Bnkit Hitam, in Selangor, by Lieut. Kelsall, and another, with a much branched rhizome, thin-textured oblanceolate leaves, and very curious short three-lobed capsules, which I found without flowers on a tree far up the Tahan Valley, in Pahang.
D. pallidbflavbns, Blume, Bijdr,, p. 399, t. 52. Hah. Perak : up to 4,000 feet, Scortechiniy King's Collector, (I have not met with this.)
D. album, Btdl.,^ sp, nova, Bhtzoma longum, ^ poU. crassum, teres ; intemodi 1 poll, longi. Pseudo'hulbi 1 poll, longi, conici. Folium 3-4 poll longum, J-1 poll, latum, elliptico-lanceolatum obtusum; petiolus ^ poll, longus. Bacemi 4, 1 poll, longi, gracillimi, basi a bracteis membranaceis tecti ; rhachis angu- lata. Flores parvi, copiosi, albi ; bracteao minimse, pedicellis multo breviores, ovatsB. SepaXa ^ poll, longa, linearia, obtusa, carinata, apice incrassata. Petala subsimilia, minora. Lahellum petalis brevius, lanceolatum snbacutum ; carinao 2, basi elevatso incrassatao ; canaliculus medianus, apice tenuior. Colvmina arcuata, supeme incrassata ; clinandrii margo dorsal is productns lanceolatus, apice bifidns, antheram parvam subglobosam multo superans ; pes brevis ; stelidia linearia acuminata, suberecta.
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Hab. Perak : On trees at Max^velFs Hill, Larut Hill !
Siam: Pnngah, on trees in damp shady places, 0. Ourtia ! The Siamese plant has thinner lanceolate acute leaves, and lonpfer and more slender psendo-holbs, bnt appears to belong to the same species.
Dendrochilum crassum, BaM.^ sp. nova. Bhizoma ^ poll, crassum, teres ; intemodi ^-f poll, longi. Pseudo-hulbi ^ poll. loDgi, cylindrici. Folium 4 poll, longnm, 1^ poll, latam, ellip- ticnm obtnsnm, coriaceum ; petiolns ^ poll, longns. Bacemi | poll, longi, a floribas parvis nndiqne tecti; rhachis angnlata; bractece cnm f parte pedicelli ffiqnilongsd, ovato-lanceolatse. Sepala ^ poll, longa et ultra, oblonga, obtnsa, camosa. Petala obovata, obtusa, carnosa. Lahellum parmm, pandnratam, apice late ovatnm ; carina 2, basi camossB. Columna apice cacnllata, incrassata ; pes brevissimns ; clinandrii margo latns rotnndatns, integer; stelidia lanceolata acuta, falcata; anthera majuscula.
Hah. Perak : Hermitage Hill !
This has broader and thicker leaves than the preceding, more fleshy flowers with broader sepals and petals, a pandurate lip, broad blunt entire hood to the column, and shorter falcate stelidia. The flowers have green sepals and petals and a white lip.
ERIA, Lindl.
Eria (§ Eriuba) obliqua, Idndl. in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (Bot.) iii. (1859) p. 55.
Hah. Singapore : Mangrove swamps, Kranji ! Bukit Timah ! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Also Rhio ! And Borneo, Haviland ! This is a small tufted plant with little white pubescent flowers, which have usually a row of pale purple spots on each lateral lobe, and a yellow spot in the centre of the mid-lobe. It was first obtained by Cuming, in Singapore.
E. (§ Eriur\) major, Bidl. ex Stapf^ in Trans. Linn. Soc.j Ser. II. (Bot.) iv. (1894) p. 237, in syn. E. Kingii, Hook, f., PI. Brit. Ind., v. p. 790 (non P. Muell). E. Scortechinii, Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ix. (non Hook. f.).
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Hab. Perak : Mazwell's Hill ! to the top of the range.
A tall tnfted plant. Flowers greenish yellow, the lip white, lateral lobes spreading spotted pink, mid-lobe deep maroon pnrple, with a pnlveralent white callns almost covering the disc. There is also a pulvemlent white callus at the base of the lip. Column white, edged reddish purple.
The name E, Kingii (Hook, f., I.e.) was used previously by P. von Mueller for an Australian species, and Dr. Stapf, in the paper on the flora of Kinabalu (Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e.), substituted the name J?. ScortecJUnii for it, overlooking the fact that that name also was pre-occupied. I had described the Bomean plant as a variety under the name E. Kingii^ ^^var. major*' accidentally printed E. major, Ridl., which thus becomes the oldest specific name.
Eru (§ Eriuka) bidens, BidLySp, nova. Gaules 12 poll, longi, validi, crassi, subcompressi, plures undique foliati. Folia 9-18 poll, longa, 1 j- poll, lata, articulata, leete viridia, disticha, subcoriacea, graminea, acuta, insequaliter biloba, SDbe recta vel longiora nutantia. Scapi 3, in axillis terminalibus erecti, ultra pedem longi, lanuginosi, prsBter bracteas paucas basales ovatas acutas nudi. Flores parvi, copiosi, dissiti ; bracteae erectse, pedicellis appressea. Sepalum posticum ^ poll, longum, ovatum obtusum, lateralia multo majora ovata obliqua late explanata, omnia in dorso pubescentia pallide purpurascentia, in paginis interioribus glabra, virescentia atro-kermesino-maculata, apice obscuriora. FetaXa sepalo postico multo minora, lineari-oblonga obtusa, rosacea. Labellum ^ poll, longum, pallide flavum in disco angusto albo-farinosum ; lobi laterales lati obtusi rotundati pallide flavi in marginibus rubro-punctati, in medio a carinis 2 rubris carinati, medius bifidus laciniis linearibus albis. Golttmna gracilis, recta, alba kermesino-marginata ; clinandrium profundum, late ellipticum. A^ithera plana, ferme bilocularis ; poUinia 8, pyriformia, pallide flava; rostellum breve, linguae- forme.
Hab. Perak: Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills! Alt. 2-4,000 feet.
— Java.
I should have taken this for E. iridifolia. Hook, f., except for the dehcription of the terminal lobe of the lip, which is described and figured as concave and rounded, instead of being bifid. It is a very large stout plant, with the habit somewhat of Dipidium
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. U
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paludosumy Reichb. f ., except that it does not emit roots from the upper part of the stem.
Ebia (§ Ebiura) ibidifolia, Hook. /., Fl. Brit hid,, v. p. 790, Ic. PL, t. 2067.
Hah. Perak : Gnnong Batn Putih, Wray.
E. (§ Eriuba) longifolu, Hooh. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 790, Ic. PL, t. 2068.
Hab. Perak: Maxwell's Hill, OunoDg Hijan, Larut Hills 1 to 5,000 feet alt. Ulu Batang Padang, Wray.
The flowers are entirely pnre white. The lip in my specimens, when the flowers are fnlly developed, is narrower at the base, and longer in proportion to the rest of the perianth than in the figure. There are two little oblique ridges, one on each side in the broadest part. In one rather small form the flowers are arranged in whorls on the raceme, but they are not fully expanded.
E. (§ Hymenkria) flobibunda, Ltndl, Bot. Beg. (1843) Misc., p. 43 (1844), t. 20, et in Wall. List, n. 7408.
Hah. Singapore : Common in mangrove swamps ; Kranji ! Sangei Morai ! Sungei Buloh, &c. ! Johore : Tana Runto ! Selangor : Seppan ! Perak : Gunong Hijan, Larut Hills ! Kedah : Kedah Peak ! The leaves in this species vary very much in size and form from linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, and the amount of pink colouring in the sepals and petals, which are usually nearly pure white, also varies considerably. It is, however, I believe, very distinct from the next species, which seems to have been confused with it. It was Qrst collected by Cuming, in Singapore.
E. (§ Htmenebia) densa, Bidl. in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 281.
Hab. Perak : Common in the Larut Hills at about 4,000 feet or lower. Maxwell's Hill ! Hermitage Hill ! Kedah : Kedah Peak ! This is a much stouter plant than JB.floribunda, Lindl., and much more showy. The flowers are usually quite white, but
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I have seen a form with dull parplish flowers on the top of the Larut Hills. E.Jloribunda, Lindl., and E. densa, Ridl., have a habit, common to some other orchids, of absolutely synchronous flowering. All plants of the same species blossom exactly on the same day ; and it is curious that, nearly allied as these two species are, they have different days for flowering.
Eela (§ Htmeneria) cepifolu, Bidl. in Joum. Linn. 8oc, (Bot) xxxi. (1896) p. 282.
Hob. Perak : Scortechim (Drawing 140).
There is a sketch of this species among Scortechini's drawings, without locality. I have never seen it in the peninsula, knowing it only from Borneo.
E. (§ Htmeneria) Maingayi, HooLf,, Fl Brit, Tnd,, v. p. 798. Hah, Penang : Government Hill, Maingay, This has not, so far as I know, been met with since Maingay collected it.
B. (§ Htmeneria) saccifera, Hook.f,, Fl. Brit, Tnd.,Y. p. 797. JTa6. Perak : Gunong Batu Putih, Wray.
Pahang : Tahan River ? I am doubtful about the Pahang plant, as it is only in fruit.
£. (§ Htmeneria) tenuifloba, Ridl,, sp, nova, Bhizoma crassiusculum ; pseudo-bulbi 6--8 poll, longi, i poll, crassi, approximati, teretes, subflexnosi; vaginae pauc®, tenues. Folia 3, 3-4 poll, longa, | poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, tennia, striata, carinata, apice inaoqualiter biloba. Bacemi 3-4, 5 poll, longi, graciles, undique floriferi, infra folia e basibus inter- nodorum orti. Flores tenues, copiosi, flavi, glabri; pedicelli \ poll, longi, tenues ; bractesB ^ poll, longsa, ovato-lanceolatae, reflexffi. Sepala ^ poll, longa, lanceolata acuta; mentum nullum. Petala sepalis breviora, subsimilia. LaheUum petalis brevius, lanceolatum acutum, integrum, flavum a macul& mediant purpurelL maculatum. Oolumna brevis; stelidia rotundata, inversa, stigma transversum partim celantia. Anthera oblonga, margine antico truncate. Hah, Singapore : Sungei Morai ! Toas !
Johore : Batu Pahat !
Perak : Hermitage Hill, 0. Curtis,
Pahang: Pekan !
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This fip*ows on trees, often low down. It seems to be most nearly allied to E. polystachya, A. Rich., but is qnite glabrous, and the racemes are produced from below the leaves. The flowers are of a remarkably thin texture, veiy troublesome to examine after drying.
Eru (§ Hymeneria) DissiTiFLORA, BidL, sp. nova, llhizoina crassi. Caules 4 poll, crassi, a Ysginis magnis tecti. Folia 2, subterminalia ; petiolus ultra poll, longus ; lamina 6 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, oblanceolata subacuta. Bacemi 2, breves, graciles, c. 6-flori, ex axillis vaginarum superiorum orti ; rhachis gracilis, pubescens. Flares sessiles, parvi, dissiti ; bracteao ^ poll, longed, ovat®. Sepalum posticum ferme ^ poll, longum, ellipticum aut ovatum, apice obtusum cucullatum, lateralia multo latiora ovata falcata apice obtusa cucullata, omnia parce pubescentia; mentum brevissimum. Petala sepalo postico subsimilia, subaoqualia. LabeUum 3-lobum ; lobi laterales majusculi falcati apice obtusi minute papillosi sub- carnosi (callis majusoulis oblongis camosis in utroque latere disci in lateribus loborum sitis), medius longior ovatus. Columna longiuscnla; pes gracilis, curvus. Anthera calvarii- formis; caudiculus longus; clinandrium profundnm, mar- ginibus tenuibus elevatis. Eostellum tenue, latum, retusum. Hah, Johore : Batu Pahat ! (Native collector, v.s.) I have only seen one specimen of this, and that dried. It belongs to the section with a stout stem cx)vered with large sheaths, from the axils of which the racemes arise. The few distant flowers, and the distinctly three- lobed lip, and very short mentum, are peculiar.
E. (§ Hymeneria) suaveolens, Bidl,, sp, nova, Pseudo-bulhi 4 poll, longi, I J poll, crassi, oblongi, usque ad 6-nodi. Folia 3-4, insequalia, coriacea, atroviridia ; petiolus 1 poll, longus, canaliculatus ; lamina 6 poll, longa 1^ poll, lata, lanceolata, obtusa, multinervis. Bacemus 7 poll, longus, recurvus, ciassus, multiflorus, ex intemodo sub folio imo sito ortus ; rhachis crassa, virescenti-alba, a lanugine atro parco tecta ; bractee i poll, long©, oblougaa acutae, reflexse, persistentes. Flares mediocres ; pedicelli ^ poll, longi, rufi, parce atro-lanuginosi. Sepala ovata, | poll, longa, posticum obtusum; mentum oblongum, compressum. Petala sepalo postico subaequalia, ovata, acuta; sepala petala alba rufo-tinctar. Lahelli unguis
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loDguB, canalicnlatns ; lobi laterales rotundati, obtnsi, erectly mfesoenfces ; epichilnm breve, late ovatnm camosnm, oaninonla flava in disco sita. Oolumna brevinsonla, mfescens ; rostellnm dentiforme, longinscnlnm ; pes longiusculiis, canalicniatas. Stigma reniforme.
Hob, Johore : Sedili River (E. Almeida, July, 1894 !).
This is allied to E, acervata^ Lindl., bnt has large, stout^ sausage-shaped pseudo-bulbs, and larger, broad, coriaceous leaves. The raceme is stout, and recalls that of some Sacco- labium rhachis ; the pedicels and backs of sepals are sprinkled over with a little blackish pubescence. The bracts are large, bnt not as large as those of E, acervata, Lindl. The flowers are whitish, tinted with dull reddish, and sweet scented. The lip has a narrow claw fall of nectar, grooved, and the sides of the grooves end in short processes. The lateral lobes are dull reddish, and on the lamina of the lip, which is very fleshy, is a raised carunculated mass of a lemon-yellow colour.
On the raceme I found one flower with one petal much reduced and adnate to the dorsal sepal ; and another small flower with no petals nor column, a ridge on the dorsal sepal probably representing the latter.
Eria (§ Hymeneria) bractescens, Lindl,, BoU Beg. (1841) Jtfwc, p. 18.
Hah. Smgapore: Chan Chu EZang! Pulau Tekong ! Pulau Selitar ! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Pahang : Praman, at Pekan ! Lanka wi Islands : G, Curtis ! Kedah : On Pulau Song Song, an island lying off the
Kedah Coast, north of Penang ! Also Borneo ! And Tenasserim. This species grows in open country, usually low down on trees, and often near the se^.
E. (§ Hthenebia) recubvata, Hook. /., FL Brit. Ind.^ v. p. 797, Ic. PL, t. 2070. Hah, Perak: Kuiutler,
E. (§ Hymeneria) latibractbata, Bidl., sp, nova, OatUes 12 poll, longi, i poll, crassi, plures congesti, teretes basi paullo incrassati, primo a vaginis tenuibus papyraceis griseis teoti^
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mox Ills decidias olivaceo-viridos striolati; radices copiosfla. Folia 4, subterminalia, usque ad 7 poll, longa, If poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, tenuia, plicata, elevatim 4-nervia, atroviridia, cariuata, canaliculata. Bacemi 2-3, ferme 2 poll, longi, laterales, sessiles, capituliformes ; bracteae ^ poll. loDgse, ovatae, acuto vel subobtus®, prasinse. Flores usque ad 12, ferme ^ poll. loDgi, ferme glabri; pedicelli cum ovariis J poll, longi, •canaliculati, torti, pubescentes. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia falcata carinata, omnia alba basi rubro- striata; mentum breve, latum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora latiora, obtusa, basi angustata, alba. Labellum sepalis brevius, curvum ; lobi laterales falcati obtusi rubri a carinis 2 elevatis curvis rubro-marginatis (et inter has a nervis 2 eleyatis) percursi, medius lateral ibus longior late ovatus retusus albus ; discus basi elcvatus, rotundatus, bruneo-rubix). maculatus. Colwnna longiuscula, lata, alba ; pes vix longior, ruber. Anthera conico-calvariiformis, in dorso incrassata; loculorum parietes 4 t^nues, parti m iterum subdivisi. ^linavdrtum profundum; stelidia erecta; rostellum breve. Stigma longum, oblongum ; crura conspicua.
Hab, Sungei UjoDg, Dr, Braddon^ May, 1894.
Rather a pretty plant, the large apple-green bracts setting ofiE the white and madder coloured flowers. The habit is that of B.flonbunda^ Lindl., but the affinity appears rather to be with the E. acervata, Lindl., and E. recurvata^ Hook. f.
Eria (§ Hymeneria) pudica, Ridh, sp, nova, Pseudo-bulbi 1^ poll, longi, ^ poll, crassi, conges ti, cylindrici, plurinodi, a vaginis chartaceis bruneis (summ4 1 \)o\\. longll, lanceolatA .acut&) tecti. Folia 6 poll, longa, If poll, lata, oblanceolata subacuta, basi longe attenuata, coriacea. Racemi 2 poll, longi, erecti, e nodis inferioribus orti, in dimidi^ parte nudi. Flares plures, congesti, iis E, floribuTidai aequales; bracteae cum J parte ovarii aaquilongas, ovatee. Ovarium cum pedicello vix ^ poll, longum, albo-romentosum. Sepalum posticum ellipticom obtusum extra pubescens, lateralia multo majora ovata. Petala cum sepalo postico aequilonga, elliptica falcatula obtusa, glabra ; sepala petala alba. Lahellum oblongum ; lobi laterales breves falcati subacuti in margine violacei, medius major late oblongus truncatus ; calli 2, majusculi, oblongi, plani, roseo-marginati, inter lobos laterales siti ; lobi medii discus a macule rosea
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ornatos. Columna longinscula, lata. Anthera rotnndata, in margine emarginata; rostellum ovatnm. Stigma grande, reuiforme.
Hab. Singapore : Changi !
Jobore : Batn Pahat ! Kwala Kahang !
A small, compact plant, with sliort racemes of white flowers.
Erl\ (§ Hymeneria) Endymion, Bidl, sp. nova, Fseudo-hulhi (juvenes) 3 poll, longi, crassi, congesti, 2-3-nodi, conico- cylindrici ; vaginae elongatse, lanceolate, acntse, summa (longis- sima) 3 poll, longa, 1 poll. lata. Folia 8 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, lanceolata, subacuta, basi attenuata, coriacea. Bacemi 6 poll, longi, erecti, validi, basi (c. triente) nudi. Flores ^ poll, in diam., plares, resapinati ; pedicelli crassiascali, pabescentes ; bracteffi cam ^ parte pedicelli sequilongse, lanceolatsB. Sepala alba, extra pnbescentia, posticum late lanceolatum, snbobtnsnm, lateralia late ovata acuta falcata; mentum breve, latum, obtusum. Petala ovata, glabra, alba. Lahellum 3-lobum ; lobi laterales falcati, acuti, bruneo-rosei, in medio canaliculati, in margine ioteriore elevato lamineformi albi ; lobus medius ovatus, obtusus, albescenti-flavus, a disco calloso carnoso ornatus. Columna recta, in ventre flava ; clinandrium pro- fandum. Anthera pileata, depressa ; pollinia subequalia, pjriformia, aurantiaca. Stigmu transversim ellipticum.
Hab, Singapore: Selitar!
This has been cultivated for several years in the Botanic Gardens, but its habitat was not known. A plant, however, was brought in from the Selitar jungle recently; I am told also it is a native of Borneo. It is a very pretty species, with stout racemes of pure white flowers, relieved by the madder- red lobes of the lip. The inner sides of the lateral lobes are produced into flat laminas, which nearly meet in the middle line, leaving only a channel between them.
E. (§ Aeridostachya) aeridostachya, Beichb. /., ex Lindl, in Journ, Linn, Soc, (Bot,) iii. (1859) p. 48. Hah, Johore : Tanah Runto ! Malacca : loc. incerfc. ! Perak: Larut Hills (King's Collector), I presume that I am correct in this, as I have a copy of an excellent drawing by Scortechini which exactly represents the Johore and Malacca plant, and is labelled '' E, aeridostachya,**
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296 MB. HENRY BIDLET ON ORCHIDEiE AND
but I am quite unable to reconcile it with the description in the ' Flora of British India.' In the description of the section the psendo-balb is said to be one-leaved instead of two or more, and the scape rises from the base of tho pseado-bnlbs instead of from the axil of one of the uppermost sheaths.
In the speciBc description the lip is described as " Coriaceous .... side lobes very small.*' In my specimens it is rather thin in texture, and I can see no trace of any side lobes. The apex is rather fleshier than tlie base, and I imagine that this fleshier portion represents the epichil.
The capsule is ^ inch long, elliptic, splitting into its com- ponent costsB when ripe, so that they are quite separate except at the ends, where they are held together by the withered perianth.
Eria (§ AfiRiDOSTACHTA) DASYSTACHYS, Btdl,, sp. nova. Bhtzoma crassum, lignosum. Psendo-bulbi 3 poll, longi, crassi, validi, conico-cylindrici, a vaginis chartaceis tecti. Folia usque ad 4, 8 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, oblanceolata, in petiolos attenuata, hand coriacea. Bticemi 2, in axillis foliorum inferiorum orti, 4-5 poll, longi, erecti, basi longe nudi ferrugineo-tomentosi ; bracteffi c. 7, dissitsB, ovatas ; pars florifera 2 poll, longa. Flores dense congesti, resupinati, ferrugineo-tomentosi ; bracteao ^ poll, longas, cum ovariis sBquilongae vel paullo longiores, ovato- lanceolat® subacutsB. Sepala ovata, acuta ; mentum crassum, obtusum, ferrugineo-tomentosum. Fetala sepalis breviora, linearia acuminata, subobtnsa, glabra. LabeUum tenue ; unguis linearis, in marginibns incrassatus: lobi laterales breves, rotundati, crispi, medius ovatus obtusus crispns. Oolumna crassinscula. Anthera tenuis, complanata, apice retusa, in margine emarginata ; rostellum majusculum.
Hab. Pahang : Ewala Pahang, on a low tree !
This species in its dense spike of rusty pubescent flowers resembles E, aeridostachya, Reichb. f., but the pseudo-bulb is not covered with the persistent sheaths but with their decayed papery ones. There are four leaves, and the inflorescences spring from the axils of the two lower ones and not from the axils of sheaths.
E. (§ AfiRiDOSTACHYA) LORiFOLiA, EidL, sp, ^Kxva, Ehizoniu ferme 1 poll, crass am, lignosum. Caules 1 poll, longi, crassi, a vaginis magnis (summS. fere 5 poll. long&) chartaceis tecti.
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APOSTASlACEiE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 297
Folia 15 poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata, lorata, acuta, coriacea. liacemi cum foliis aaqnilongi vel longiores, bani longe nndi, glabri ; pars florifera 6 poll. loDga ; rhachis stellatim pnbescens. Flores parvi, plnrimi, dissiti. Bractem minntaB, ovatae ; pedicelli cum ovariis \ poll, longi, pubescentes. Sepala extra parce rufo-pubescentia, posticDm breve ovatam lateralia brevia late ovata; mentam longnra, pendulum, clavatum. Petala sepalo postico latiora, late ovata, tenuiora, glabra. Lahellum sepalin brevins, oblongum, basi ang^stnm; lobi laterales brevissimi medius multo major oblongus obtusissimus in margine undu- latns. Columna brevissima; pes longus, canaliculatus, in margine incrassatus; clinandrium vix profundum; rostellum tenue. Stigma cordatum, in margine elevatum.
Hah, Kedah : Eedah Peak, on trees at 4,000 feet alt. !
A very stout plant, with long thick leaves. The rhizome is remarkably thick and woody. The flowers are nearly \ inch long, brown. It is distinguished from E, aeridostachya, Reichb. f ., by its more linear leaves, tall glabi'ous peduncle, laxer flowers, and distinctly trilobed lip.
Ekia (§ AfiBiDOSTACHYA) BRUNEA, Bidl, $p, nova. Folia 9 poll, longa, j poll, lata, anguste lanceolata acuta, basi longe attenuata, coriacea. Bacemi ex axillis superioribus orti ; pcdunculus 5-6 poll, longus, a tomento ferrugineo tectus ; pars superior 3-6 poll, longa, nutans, a floribus copiosis dense congestis omata. Bractem minimae, ovatae acutae, ferrugineo- tomentosas. Flores parvi, brunei ; ovaria cum pedicellis -^g poll, longa, ferrugineo-tomentosa. Sepala extra a tomento rufo stellato parce tecta, posticum parvum ellipticum obtusum lateralia multo latiora ovata obliqua ; men turn longum, pen- dulum. Fetala linearia, obtusa, curva. Lahellum tenue ; unguis longus, angustus ; lamina ovata, spathulata, in margine undu- lata. Columna brevis, lata; pes longus; clinandrium pro- fundum, marginibus tenuibus; rostellum tennius, integrum. Stigma grande, ovatum.
Hah. Perak : Hermitage Hill, G. Curtis !
Near E. aeridostachya, Reichb. f ., but with smaller flowers and thin spathulate lip. The raceme is very compact; the flowers open wide, and are of a light-brownish colour. The narrow petals are peculiar for the section.
E. (§ Bambusifolij:) minutiflora, BfidL^ i.e., AgrostophyUum
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298 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJ: AND
^attctflorum^ Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 824, et Ic. PL, t. 2097. Caules 2 ped. longi, pauci, elongati, graciles. Folia 2 poll. loDga, ^ poll, lata, plnra, linearia, obtosa, inaeqnaliter biloba ; vaginsB ^ poll, longae, profunde fissee. Racemi laterales, breves, e vaginis vix exserti, pauciflori, prope ad folii laminam approximati ; bracte© cum ^ parte pedicelli sBquilongee, ovatse, acumiDatse. Flores minuti, albi. Sepala lanceolata, acnminata, acuta, carinata, lateralia basi connata mentnm breve formantia. Petala sepalis breviora, linearia, obtusa. Labelli unguis oolumnae pedi adnatus : lamina sepalis lougior, porrecta, spathulata, basi angusta, canaliculata, in margin ibus elevata, apice ovata acuta ; linea incrassata camosa in disco sita. Columna brevis, crassa ; stelidia longa, acuta, suberecta. Anthera ovata, apice incra.<isata, antice rostrata ; pollinia 4, sabsBqoalia, ovoidea.
Hab, Johore : Batu Pabat !
Pabang : Tahan River Woods ! Perak : Scortechinu
A weak plant, with the habit of some of the Appendiculas, growing on trees. The racemes are verj short, and protruded fi'om the loaf-sheaths close to the leaf -blade. There are four or five flowers rather distant on each raceme. The sepals are keeled, and the laterals are connate along the edge at the base beneath the lip. The column-foot is adnate by its edges to the claw of the lip. The stelidia are rather bix)ad ; they have a thin edge ending in an obscure tooth, and a fleshier outer portion ending in a longer point.
It is difficult to refer this plant to any genus. In habit, pollinia, short column, it is very distinct from AgrostophyUum^ to which Sir Joseph Hooker has referred it. Qlomera^ with four pollen-masses instead of eight, has so much the habit and form of lip and column of Agrostophyllum that I think its affinities can hardly lie there.
On the other hand, in many respects it resembles Erta, and I think shonld bo classed there.
I have re-described it because the materials for the original description being insufficient, the account and figure differed somewhat from the specimens I have collected. Pig. 2 of the Icones from Scortechini's drawings by no means gives a correct idea of the column and lip ; the claw of the latter is very much narrower, and the base, which is parallel to the column-foot, is also adnate to it, and the blade stands at an angle with it.
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 299
The conical portion at the end was intended evidently to represent the uptomed side of the broad ovate portion. I see nothing like the process on the side of the column below the stelidia.
There being already an Erta paitciflora, I have been unable to use tbis specific name in transferring the species to the genus Eria.
Eria (§ Bambusifoli^) PiLiFEBA, Bidl.^ sp. nova, Caules 1^ ped. longi, debiles, subteretes. Folia 2^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata, tenuia, pallide viridia, apice ineequaliter biloba, lobo altero ^ longiore acuto ; vaginsB ferme
1 poll. longflB, ore integrsB. Bacmni brevissimi, pauciflori. Flores parvi, tenues, singulatim expansi. Bracte(e ^ poll. longaB, lanceolate, patentes, persistentes, pubescentes, pallide flavae. Ovarium cum pedicello f poll, longum, tortum, parce pubescens, flavum. Sepala f poll, longa, oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, tenuia, alba, lateralia falcata, magis acuta; mentum cum ^ parte sepali subsBquilongum, obtusum. Petala cum sepalia sequiloDga, lanceolata, subobtusa. Labellum petalis brevius, angustum, cuneatum; lobi laterales apice rotundati, medius lateralibns vix longior crassus subtrilobus a pilis brevibus flavis tectus. Columna curva, basi angustata, supeme incras- sata, alba. Anthera brevis, rotundata, albescenti-ochracea, bilocDlaris; pollinia 8, admodum inaequalia. Stigma pro- f undnm, transverse ovatum ; rostellum linguaeforme, obtusum, decurvum ; stelidia dentiformia, incurva. Capsiila (immatura)
2 poll, longa, teres.
Hab, Perak : Maxwell's Hill ! On trees in thick jungle.
A slender, leafy-stemmed plant, with thin textured white flowers, which are produced singly in racemes bearing four yellow empty bracts beneath the flower. The lip has the apex covered with mealy yellow hairs like those of Dendrohium criniferum, Lindl. The column has two small tooth-like processes which curve in over the large stigma. The pollinia are remarkably unequal, the upper four being four times as large as the others. The capsule splits for its whole length along one side only. It belongs apparently to the section Bambustfolice,
The next four species form a good sub-section of Nutantes, distinguished by a tall somewhat terete (i.e., not pseudo-
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300 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJE AND
balbous stem), bearing a few leaves at the top, and short racemes below these, with one or more fairly large glabrons flowers with large nsuallj oohreous bracts.
Eria (§ NuTANTEs) LEPTOCARPA, Hoolc. /., Fl. BHU Ind.y V* p. 805.
Hah. Perak: Scortechini!
I have only seen this from Borneo.
E. (§ NuTANTEs) NUTANS, Lindl, Bot, Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 83. Hah. Singapore : common ; Selitar ! Toa ! Kranji !
Johore: Tana Runto ! Limpai, Khi Batu Pahat!
Lake and Kelsall, Gunong Panti (2,000 ped. alt.). Malacca: Mt. Ophir! Penang : Government Hill ! Perak : Scortechini. Kedah : Kedah Peak ! This is a common mangrove swamp species ; but 1 have also met with it in the higher parts of several hills of the interior.
The flowers are nsually pure white, except for a little pink on the mentnm and lip, and some yellow also on the latter. At the base of the foot of the column is a large square cushion (palvinns) of an orange-red colour. I have also, however^ seen a form in damp hill woods, in which the sepals and petals are coloured a dirty pink.
E. (§ NuTANTEs) NEOLECTA, Eidl. in Joum, Linn. Soc. (Bot.). xxxi. (1896) p. 283.
Hah, Singapore: Kranji! Selitar! Sungei Buluh ! Johore : Tana Runto ! Also Borneo.
It is sometimes difficult to tell dried specimens of this from E. nutansy LindL, but it is very distinct when alive. It forms often quite a mat of rhizomes on the branches of the trees in the mangrove swamps. The flowers are of a dull flesh colour^ with the yellow on the lip as in E, nutans, Lindl.
The figure in Scortechini's drawings alluded to by Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 800, is evidently intended for this species.
E. (§ NuTANTEs) LONGE-REPENs, BddL in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 282. Hah. Singapore : Sungei Morai.
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THK MALAY PENINSULA. 3'jl
This very cnrious plant creeps on the gronnd and ascends small trees in thick drj woods, mnch after the manner of Claderia, I have only met it in this one spot in the Malay Peninsula, bat it is abundant there, and occurs also in Borneo.
Eria (§ Dendrolirion) albido-tomentosa, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 66. Bhizoma longe repens. Pseudo-hulbi 2 poll, lonji^i, ovoidei, compressi, remoti. Folia 3, 5 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, lanceolata, basi attenuata. Scapus 6 poll, longus, laterah's, lanuginosus, c. 10 floims, basi a vaginis pluribus lanceolatis obtusis tectus. Flares mediocres, explanati. Bracte^n lanceo- lataB acnminataa, brunesB, lanuginosaB. Sepala reflexa, extra albo-lanuginosa, intus glabra, viridia, posticum lanceolatam acntum, lateralia late triangularia lanceolata acuta, basi rnbro-maculata. Petala cum ^ parte sepali sequilonga, lineari- lanceolata, acuta, basi angnstata, recurva, viridia. Lahellum panduratum; lobi latenUes breves oblongi obtusi, modius late oblongus obtusissimus, viridis dense purpureo-maculatas et punctatus, apice acutus flavus ; callus elevatus ; macula brevis glabra atropurpurea inter brachia sita. Columna longa, gracilis, alba; macula rosea in pede sita ; stelidia brevia, obtusa, rotun- data. Anthera obtusa, conica, brunea. Bendrolnnm albiihi- tomensiim, Blnme, Bijdr., p. 345.
Hab. Lankawi Islands : 0. Curtis ! v.v. Tonka: Native dealers.
Java ! There is a good sketch of this among Zollinger's drawings at Buitenzorg.
The descriptions of this species are either inadequate to determine it by, or are somewhat different from the plant which I take to be intended. The figure in Reichenbach's 'Xenia Orchidacea,' ii. t. 136, taken from one of Kuhl and Hasselt's drawings, is a remarkably bad one, and, indeed, hardly recognisable. The flowers are so thickly covered with white wool on the backs that the ground colour of the sejjals cannot be seen; in front, however, they are of a sea-green. The lip is also green, but for the greater part so thickly spotted and blotched with purple that it appears all purple at first sight. In the middle of the lip is a raised V-shaped ridge, which is yellow, and in the fork is a raised, polished, dark purple spot. The column is very long for the genus.
I found a plant closely resembling this on Kedah Peak, but flowerless.
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802 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
Eria (§ Dendrolirion) ornata, lAndl.y Gen, et 8p. Oreh., p. 66 P . Bhtzoma graoile, ramosam ; radioes tenaces, teretes. Pseudo-bulbi 1^2 poll, longi, J-J poll, lati, J— f poll, crassi, oblongi, compressi, 4-nodi, inter se 2-2^ poll, remoti. Folia 2-3, 6 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, lanceolata acata, apice inaaqna- liter biloba, coriacea, Isete rirentia seepe rabromarginata. Sca]ptA8 1 ped. longas, lateralis, basi nadns, superne laxe race- mosas ; bracteao 1^ poll, longae, ot'atss vel lanceolatsB, acntro, glabi*88, anrantiaco-rubrsa. Flores 12-20 ; ovaria cum pedicellis 1^ poll, longa, bninea, pnbesceutia. Sepala basi bmnea apice flavescenti-alba, extra pnbescentia intos glabra flavescenti- alba, posticam 1 poll, longnm, basi ^ poll, latum liueari- lanceolatam obtosnm apice incrassatum, lateraiia snbsimilia; mentum ^ poll, longum, late scrotiforme. Petala sepalis breviora, lanceolata acuminata, alba. Lahellum basi latum album ; lobi laterales suberecti vix distincti albi in margine atrobrunei, medius anguste lanceolatus acutus, sinuatus, ker- mesinus; carinsB 2, in disco inter lobos laterales elevate. Columna curva, alba ; pes longiusculns. Anthera conica, obtusa, alba. Stigma elongatum, oblongum. Dendrobium omaium, Blume, Bijdr., p. 346 ? .
Hah. Slam: Pungah, C, Curtis! Also Borneo.
This species is very distinct from the Philippine E. armeniaca^ Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1841) Misc., p. 38, t. 42 (Cuming*s Collections, Philippines, n. 2048), but it seems to have been passed over for that species. Blume's description is very incomplete (and I have not seen any specimens from Java), but as far as it goes it will suit this plant very well.
The bracts are of a beautiful apricot orange, broader at the base than those of E, armeniacay Lindl., and glabrous. The sepals are dull purplish brown, and covered on the outer face with a fine white pubescence. The apices are yellowish and more fleshy. The lip is very different. The two outer nerves of the disc are raised, and developed into thin plates, the median nerve is not elevated. The epichil is narrow and acuminate. In E. armeniaca, Lindl., the lateral nerves are but little thickened and raised, but the median one is strongly developed, and on the broad ovate epichil bears an elliptic thick callus with a depressed centre.
E, tom«nto5a, Hook, f., differs in having the mid-lobe "clawed
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APOSTASIACEJE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 303
sabqnadrately cordate," oblanceolate petals, and bracts hardly an incli with a broad, thickened, roughened area from the base to the apiculate tip. It is the only other species of the gronp known to me.
Eria (§ Dendbolieion) pulchella, Lindhy Bot. Beg. (1841) Misc., p. 52, et in Wall. List., n. 7407.
Hob. Singapore : Kranji ! Pulau Tekong ! Snngei Morai !
Johore : Kwala Kahang, Lake and Kelsall ! Bata
Pahat! Malacca : Bukit Batu Tiga, R. Berry ! Penanpf : Goyemment Hill, 0. Curtis, rocks near
Beach ! Pahang : Pulau Tinman ! Perak: Scorteehini. Sungei tJjong : N. Gantley ! Kedah: Kedah Peak. Also Rhio ! And Borneo, Haviland ! A yery common plant growing often high up on branches of tree?, often creeping oyer rocks by the sea or on the rivers. It is called '^Pard Ghinduai'^ and " Sakat Bigus,'' by the Malays of Sungei Ujong.
The flowers are of a buff yellow, the lip has a white claw with a central purple spot, and three purple bars ending in a purple blotch on the lamina. The lip is not " mobile " in any plants which I haye seen, as described by Bin me.
E. (§ Dendrolieion) pannea, LindL, Bot. Beg. (1842) Misc., p. 64.
Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Chan Ghu Kang ! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Tana Bunto ! Malacca : Merliman ! Snngei Bahra, B. Berry, Mt.
Ophir ! Perak: Scorteehini. This is called in Malacca ^^ Poko Kura Kubong,'" and the leaves and roots are boiled and the decoction used for bathing by the aborigines (Jakuns) in cases of shivering fever. It is a common little plant creeping on branches of trees often very high up.
E. (§ Dendrolirion) pbllipes, Beichb.f., ex Hook. /., Ft. Brit. Ind., V. p. 802.
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Hdb. Malacca : On trees on Mt. Ophir, common ! Perak : Thaiping Hills, 5,000 feet ! Penang : Government Hill ! Also Borneo ! A curious little plant creeping on trees nsnallj at aboat 2,000 feet elevation. Frotn the shape of the leaves resembling elephants* tusks, the Malays on Mt. Ophir called it " Angrek Qading *' ("Ivory Orchid ")•
Eru (§ Dkndeolirion) leiophylla, Lindl, in Joum. Linn, Soc, (BoL) ill. (1859) p. 57. Hah. Penang : Top of Government Hill, Curtis !
E. (§ Dendrolirion) lancifolia, Hook. /., FL Brit. Ind., v. p. 804.
Hah. Perak : At low elevation {King* 8 Collector).
E. (§ Dendrolirion) stellata, Lindl. Bot. Be^., t. 904 ; et in Bot. Mag., t. 3605.
Hah. Singapore : Choa Chu Kang !
Pahang : Limestone rocks at Kota Glanggi !
Apparently common in Borneo and Sumatra, whence (from Djambi) I have received very fine forms.
E. (§ Dendrolirion) striolata, Beichb. f. in Illustr. Hortic. (1888) p. 35, t. 48. Hah. Singapore : Kranji !
Johore : Batn Pah at !
Common in Borneo.
E. (§ Dendrolirion) elata, Hook. /., Ic. PI, t. 1848, FL Brit. Lid., V. p. 994.
Hah. Perak : Scortechini.
E. (§ Trichotosia) vestita, Lindl., Bot. Beg. (1844) Misc., p. 76 (1845), t. 2.
Hah. Singapore : Sungei Brih ! Kranji ! Sungei Morai ! Malacca : Merliman ! Mt. Ophir ! Pahang : Pekan ! Perak : Scortechini. Selangor : Seppan ! The finest species in the section, growing on trees in damp spots often low down.
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Ebia (§ Teichotosu) fbeox, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat^ ii. p. 184
Hab, Penang : Lohh, Matngay,
Perak: GtinoDg Hijan, Lamt Hills, 4,500 feet on
trees! Kedab : Kedah Peak, alt. 4,000 feet, on rocks and trees ! A tall tufted plant, with nameroos greenish yellow flowers. Sometimes epiphytic, at other times terrestrial.
B. (§ Teichotosu) monticola. Hook. /., Fl Brit Ind.^ v. p. 806.
Hah, Pnlau Aor (an island east of Johore), /. Feilding !
Malacca : Mt. Ophir !
Selangor : Bukit Hitam, KeUdll !
Perak: Scartechini,
B. (§ Teichotosu) oeacius, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind,, v. p. 806. Hah. Perak: Scortechini.
B. (§ Teichotosu) txjbeeosa, Hooh /., Fl. Brit. Ind.^ y. p. 807. Hah. Perak: Gnnong Hijan, Lanit Hills, 5,000 feet elevation ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir !
E. (§ Teichotosu) aporina, Hooh.f.^ Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 808. Hah. Perak: Lanit Hills !
B. (§ Teichotosu) poculata, lUdl.^ sp. nova. Oaules 2 ped. longi, graciles, teretes, a vaginis 1^ poll, longis scabridis (1amin& carentibns) tecti. Folia 3 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata acnta, insBqnilateralia, coriacea, glabra, ecarinata, ecanalicalata ; vagin» 1^ poll, longs, in ore rotnndo integro castaneo-pilossB. Bacemi yix \ poll, longi, ploriflori, be si a bracte& poculiformi castaneo-pilos& snffnlti. Pedunctdus ^ poll, longus, pilosns; bractesB florales i poll, long®, cum floribns ferme aaqailongsd, ovatas, rofo-pilossB ; pedicelli yix ^ poll, longi, mfo-pilosi. Sepalum posticnm i poll, longnm lanceolatnm sabacntnm flayescens extra pilosnm, lateralia latiora magis acnta carinata ; mentnm cum sepalis sequilongnm, latum, obtusum. Petala sepalis minora, lauceolata, acuta, tonuia, glabra, in margine minutissime denticulata. LaheUum album, basi aurantiacum lineari-cuneatum, apice dilatatum emarginatum; latera iuvoluta; margines fimbriati. Oolumna
UNN. JOUEN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. X
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lata, Bupeme incrassata, purpurea. Antherd Bnb^nadratay emarginata, minnte pnstnlosa, atropnrpnrea ; pollinia minntft, oblonga vel ctmeata, insequalia. SHguMi lattim, reniforme; rostellun labiatnm, deflezum.
Hah. Kedah : Kedah Peak ! Alt. 3,000 feet ; on rocks and on the ground abundant. Flowered in Hort Bot. Singapore, Feb., 1893 !
This has the smallest flowers of any species of the seciion, and the plant is one of the tallest. The inflorescence bract is of the shape of a cup and quite entire. The metLtum is remarkably short. The lip is small and narrow, nearly bilobed at its apex, the edges waved and fimbriate. An elevated line runs down the disc from the base, which is full of nectar.
Eria (§ Trichotosia) olioantha, HooTc. /., J?7. Brit. Ind,, v. p. 807. ^
Hob, Singapore: Toas!
Penang : Government Hill, Curtis ! ' Pahang : Tahan Woods ! Perak : Hermitage Hill !
E. (§ Trichotosia) velutina, Lodd, ex Lindl, Bot, Beg. (1840) Misc., p. 86.
* Hah. Singapore : Snngei Morai ! Kranji ! Jarong ! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir ! Penang : Government Hill, Curtis ! Kedah : Teratan ! Cwrtis ! A common plant with dull- coloured inconspicuous flowers.
E. (§ PORPAX) Meirax, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. (1880) II. p. 603,
I found a quantity of a plant much resembling this on rock faces on Kedah Peak, but it was out of flower.
E. (§ DiLOCHiOPSis) ScORTBCHiNU, Eooh /., Fl. Brit. Ind., V. p. 809.
Hob. Perak: Scortechini, I have not met with this.
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PHREATIA, Lindl.
P. Mtosubxjs, Lindl. in Joum. Linn. 8oc, {Bot.) iii. (1869) p. 61.
Hah, Perak : Larut Hills, Gtmong Hijan, 5,000 feet alt !
P. MiNUTiFLORA, Lindl. in Joum. Linn. Boo. (Bo§.) iii. (1859) p. 82.
Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Toas ! Jurong ! (4679.) Johore : {Native collector) ! Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills ! Bather common in the mangroye swamps in Singapore. 1 have also received it from Djambi, in Sumatra.
P. NANA, Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 811, et Ic. PI, t. 2084. Hah. Perak : Scortechini.
P. LiSTBOPHOBA, Bidl.y sp. nova. CsBspitosa ; radices copiosse. Oatdes 1 poll, longi. Folia 6 poll, longa, vix ^ poll, lata, anguste lanceolata acuta, apice insequaliter biloba, disticha, in petiolis ^ poll, longis articulata. Eacemi 1-2, 7-8 poll, longi, elongati, graciles, usque ad ^ partem yel ultra nudi (vaginis apice acuminatis exceptis). Flores minuti, plurimi, albi, sub- dissiti. BractecB ^ poll. longaB, lanceolatae acuminatsB, pedicel los cum oyariis superantes. Sepala lateralia postico majora, ovata subacuta. Petala sepalis minora, oblongo-ovata. Lahelli unguis linearis, lamina reniformis. Gohimna crassa. Anthera ovata ; caudiculus latus ; rostellum latum, supeme bidentatum. SHgma maximum, oblongum. Oapsida -^ poll, longa, oblonga, in pedicello gracili sita.
Hob. Perak : Larut Hills, 5,000 feet alt. I Kedah : Ounoug Baya, G. Curtis !
A very naiTow-leaved species with slender racemes of minute flowers, more distant than in P. Myosurus, Lindl. The lip has a narrow linear claw ending in a reniform blade. The rostellum is remarkable for being distinctly bifid.
CERATOSTTLIS, Blume.
C. GRACILIS, Bhime, Bijdr,, p. 306 ; Eeichh. /., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 92, t. 127. G. teres, Beichb. f. in Bonplandia, ii. (1854) p. 89 ; Walp. Ann., vi. 470.
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Oeratostylis moLaccenM, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 825, et Ic. PL, t. 2098.
A^endicula teres^ QrifE., Notul., iii. p. 359, et Ic. PI. As. t. 332. Hah, Malacca : Mt. Ophir, common at 2-4,000 feet !
Johore : Bata Pahat !
Selangor : Near Kwala Lnmpnr, in the low oonntrj !
Perak: Lanit Hills, 3-4,000 feet elevation! (Scor- techim ! drawings.)
Kedah Peak : alt. 4,000 feet!
Also occurs in Assam, Khasia, Java, Somatra. I am quite unable to separate the Assam and Javan plants from that of the Malay Peninsula. Griffith's figure and descrip- tion of Appendicula tereSy upon which Beichenbach apparently based his 0. teres^ would very well suit the peninsular plant. Blume's 0. gracilis^ as figured and described by Heichenbach in the ' Xenia,' I.e., shows no difEerence. In 0. malaccensiB^ Hook, f., the figure in the 'Jcones Plantarum' certainly looks as if intended for a different plant, for it has a lanceolate lip, narrower at the apex than at the middle, with three distinct ridges and convex, whereas in all that I have seen the lip is broadest and thickened at the apex, concave at the base. The mentum is strictly scrotiform in my specimens. Scortechini's figures labelled Oeratostylis malaccensis are exactly like the plants I have collected. Perhaps the differences between the figure in the ' Icones ' and the common plant are, in part at least, due to the former being drawn from dried and perhaps crashed flowers, or it may have been an exceptional form. I have received a form with very much thicker and shorter stems and leaves from Djambi, in Sumatra, the flowers, however, are quite similar, even in colouring, to the peninsular form. The plant grows, usually abundantly, on trees in the mountain districts at a considerable elevation ; but I once found it on a big fallen tree in dense jungle in Kwala Lumpur, in the low country. The stems are dull, dark green. The flowers in compact tufts, two or three in each tuft opening at a time. They are usually, but not always, more or less pubescent. They do not open wide, but the apices of the perianth segments separate a little. The sepals and petals are pink, rarely yellow, the lip yellowish, with the thickened apex bright chrome yellow. The mentum and base of the lip are full of honey. There are
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APOSTASUGBiB Off THE HALAT PENINSULA. 309
some raised nerves in the concave part of the lip, but they are very obscure during life. The column arms are broad, long, and hooded; and the rostellum, a thin retuse membrane, is joined to them, being adnate to their interior faces. From the position of the floor of the clinandrium (i.e., the rostellum) I believe that these column arms consist of the stelidia (i.e., filaments of the aborted stamens) combined with a portion of the hinder margin of the clinandrium. The thin, flat anther cap is divided into eight compartments. The poUinia are eight, equal and pyriform in shape. They are joined together by a short but distinct translucent peduncle which bears at its other end an oval honey-yellow disc. This is figured also by Griffith in the *Ic. PI. As.,' and the presence of this was probably the reason why he referred the plant to Appendicula. Till I have had opportunities of examining a good series of the allied species in a living state I am unwilling to remove this plant from the neighbourhood of EriOy although the pollen is much more like that of a Vandea than that of an Epidendrea.
Ceratosttlis clathrata, Hook, /., Fl. Brit Ind.^ v. p. 825, et Ic. PI, t. 2092. Hob. Perak : Batang Padang, 4,900 feet alt., Wray.
0. LANCiPOLU, Hook, /., Fl. Brit Ind., v. p. 826, et Ic, PZ., t. 2102.
Hah. Perak : Scortechtni. •
C. ROBUSTA, Hook /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 827, et Ic. Pi, t. 2103.
Hah. Perak: Wray.
C. CRTPTANTHA, Bidl,, sp. tiova. CauUs { poll, longi, CflBspitosi, a vaginis siccis striatis tecti ; radices copiosse, tenues. Folia bina, 5 poll, longa, i poll, lata, subacuta, apice insequaliter biloba. Scapi f poll, longi, filiformes, tomentosi, ex axillis vaginarum singuli, 1-flori. Bractea minuta, ovata; pedicellns brevis, lanuginosus. Flos ^ poll, longus. Sepala ovata, acuta, cucullata, mucronulata, parce pubescentia; mentum longius, pendulum, clavatum. PetcUa anguste linearia. Lahellum longum, tenue, basi lineare, apice dilatatum a callo camoso ovato auctum. Oolumna brevis, crassa; clinandrium pro- fundum; stelidia camosa, antheram non superantia. AiUhera
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tenuis, plana, 2-locnlaris, late ovata, in parte mediH camosa; rostellnm latum, ovatum, tenue. Stigma parvum, lamini^ oblong& lateraliter complanata auctum. Oap$ula ^ poll, longa, elliptica, erecta.
Hab. Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills, on a fallen tree ! Hermitage Hill ! Kwala Kangsa !
This forms close tufts 2 inches across or less, with very many short stems covered with brown sheaths, each stem bearing two narrow linear leaves. The flowers are borne on slender, woolly peduncles, so short as to be almost hidden among the leaves. They are of a pale pinkish colour and very inconspicuous. The mentum of the sepals is longer than the rest of the flower, and dabbed.
The lip is long and narrow, thin textured, except at the apex, where it is fleshy and thickened, a thickened band runs from the base to this fleshy portion. The " auricles " of the column, i.e., the stelidia, are shorter and less distinct than in such species as 0. malaccensis, Hook, f., the rostellum in the form of a thin membrane with a terminal lip being well developed, and connecting them for their complete length. From the centre of the stigma rises a laterally flattened lamina which nearly tonches the lip of the rostellum. A somewhat similar process occurs in AgrostophyUum javanicum^ Blume.
The anther is thin except in the centre, where there is a thickened band which runs down to the blunt truncate beak.
The species is clearly near O, ericeoidesy Hook, f., from which it differs, especially in the much longer mentum and lip, and much smaller flowers.
Cbbatobttlis BBiJEOiDBS, Hook. /., Ic, PL, t. 2074 B. EriapygmcBa, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 804. Hob. Perak: Wray,
C. PENDULA, Hook,/., Fl Brit. Ind.y v. p. 826. Hah, Perak : Maxwell's Hill !
Pahang : Near Pekan, on bushes in open country ! Also Borneo, Celebes, and Manila, Vidal ! By no means common, though so widely distributed. A slender pendulons plant with thin woolly roots. Leaves dark green, polished above, channelled on the upper surface, convex and paler beneath. Flowers very small white, the short ovary and base of sepals covered with fine appressed white hairs, very
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inconspicnoas when alive. Each flower is borne on a short stem with several ovate mncronnlate scarions braots a good deal longer than the ovarj. Sepals ovate acnte, or at least subacute, petals rather lanceolate than linear glabrous. The lip is very like that of some BtdbopkyUa, but the claw narrow and upcurved belongs to the li]^. PoUinia eight, all equal and acinif orm.
AGROSTOPHYLLUM, Blume.
A. MAJUS, Hooh.f., Fl, Brit Ind., v. p. 824, Ic. PI, t. 2096. Hob. Singapore : Chan Ghu Kang ! Eranji ! Common.
Pahang: PekanI
Perak : Larut Hills, low down !
Java: Treuh !
A. GLUMACBUM, Hook. /., Fl. Brit Ind., v. p. 824, et le. Fl, t. 2095.
Hah. Sungei Ujong : {Native collector) !
Perak: Scortechini. The native name in Sungei Ujong for this is " Sahat Bunga^
IPSEA, Lindl.
I. ? Wratana, HooJcf,, Ft Britlnd., v. p. 812. Hah. Perak : Gunong Batu Putih, Wray.
SPATHOQLOTTIS, Blume.
S. PLICATA, Blume, Bijdr., p. 401, t. 76.
Hah. Singapore : common in diy open country and also on wet rocks !
Johore : Near the town !
Sungei Ujong : Seremban !
Malacca : Sungei Hudang !
Perak : on the waterfall rocks, Thaiping !
Patani : Tomoh, Legeh, Machado !
Also Garimon Islands ! Borneo j Ac. This is a very common plant in many districts, and very showy. There are several forms, chiefly due to local causes.
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In long grass it often attains a considerable size. Mr. Hallett saw a plant over 6 feet tall in lingga. These large forms nsnally liaye broad plicate leaves somewhat resembling those of Curculigo recurvaia^ whence the natives of Sungei Ujong call it <' Foho Lwmhah Ttkus^** Lumbah being the native name for CurcuUgo. " Tikus " (moose) means that it is not so large as that plant. On damp rocks by streams it is often much smaller, with much narrower grassy leaves, bat there are many inter- mediate forms.
A more distinct form is the variety alba^ which has the flowers and bracts pure white ; I have met with it at Pnlan Sembilai, in the Bindings, also at Tjiboddas, in Java. This variety is very local, and, as far as I have seen, does not occnr with the pnrple form.
The typical plant is not " lilac," as mentioned in the ' Flora of British India,' bnt of a purplish crimson : flowers and bracts being all of the same colour, except the yellow spot on the lip.
As described by H. O. Forbes (* Naturalist's Wanderings,' p. 89), the flowers are constantly self- fertilized, although they are brilliantly coloured, and are, when the blossoms first open, quite fertilizable by insects.
Spathoglottis aubea, Lindl, in Joum. Hort. Soc, v. (1850) p. 34; Lindl. Sf Paxt, Flow. Owrd., i. (1850-61) p. 16.
8. Wrayiy Hook, f ., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 813, et Ic. PI., t. 2086.
Hah, Malacca : Mt. Ophir !
Perak : Larut Hills, by the tea gardens ! Gunong Batu
Putih, Wray. Kedah : Kedah Peak !
This is common on the open ** stone-fields " (Padang Batu of the Malays), on the granite hills at from 2,000 feet upwards, growing usually in spots where water trickles.
8. Wrayi, Hook, f., is merely a full-sized form of a sfcrong plant. It invariably grows with the small form, and is the variety most sought by the orchid dealers. The flowers are often even bigger than in the figure in the * Icones Plantarum,' and are of a richer orange than the small flowered form. The scape often attains the height of 4 feet.
S. Handingiana, Par, et Beichb, /., OHa Bot. Hamb,y p. 45. Hah, Lankawi Islands, 0. OurHs !
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apostasucej: of the malat peninsula. 313
This charming little plant was first collected at Bhamo by Parish, and appears to be very rare. Mr. Curtis bronght living plants down from Lankawi, where he found it growing on the rocks. The flowers are rosy purple when they first open, gradually changing to a pale rose.
PHAIUS, Lonr.
P. Wallichii, Lindl in Wall PL As. Bar., ii. 46 t. 168.
Hah. Malacca : Dense woods at Bokit Sadanen !
I am also told it is to be found near Kwala Lnmpnr, in Selangor.
Commonly the self-fertilized form.
Our form resembles P. Blumei, Idndl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 127 ; Blnme, Orch. Archip. Ind, 2, t. 1, in its slightly more acute and redder sepals and petals, but it is impossible to separate these specifically. What Loureiro's P. grandifolius can be I cannot think, but if his description is correct it must be a very striking and distinct plant. P. Wallichii, Lindl., is, however, often cultivated by the Chinese.
P. CALLOSUS, Lindlj Oen. et fl^. Orch., p. 128, et in Oard. Ghron. (1848) p. 287.
Hah. Perak: abundant on rocks in dense jungle, Larut Hills : fl. June !
A very fine plant, quite as showy as P. Walliohii, Lindl., which at first sight it resembles. I do not find the scape from the top of the pseudo-bulb as described in * Fl. Brit. Ind.,' but it is placed exactly as in P. Wallichii, Lindl. The calli from which it takes its name are two very low processes at the base of the mid-lobe. The lip is bilobed at the apex with a short mucro in the notch as in Blume's figure. The blunt rounded sepals and petals distinguish it readily from P. Wallichii, Lindl.
P. (§ LiMATODEs) PALLIDU9, Bidl., ap. nova. Gardes 2-3 ped. longi, validi, erecti, quadrangulati, in parte inferiore a vaginis longis longe acuminatis tenuibus stria tis dissitis vaginati, in parte superiore foliigeri. Folia 9 poll, longa, 3 poll, lata, ovata, cuspidata, plicata, costata, subtus glaacescentia. Bacemi 3-4, 4 poll, longi, e vaginis perforatis (in parte inferiore caulis sitis)
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extmsi. Bractece j poll, longea, lanceolatea acuminat» acntee. Flores maJTisculi, 7--8 in i*acemo remoti, singulatim expansi ; pedicelli cum ovariis l-poU. longi. Sepala | poll, longa, lanceolate acuta, flavescentia. Fetala sepalis latiora, alba, baei intus a maculis violaceis omata. Ldbellum oblongo-lanceo- latum subacutum, aurantiaco - flavum secuB lineas rubro- maculatum ; calcar ^ poll, lotigum, rectum, cylindricum, acuminatum, pallide roseum. Golumna longa ; stelidia brevia curva, obtusa, baai dilatata. Anthera rostrata.
Eab. Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills ! Selangor : Bukit Hitam, KelsaU I Pahang : Tahan Woods !
It is quite possible that Limatodis punctata^ Lindl., Fol. Orcb. Limat., p. 2, may be this plant. It is a Sumatran plant only known from a drawing by De Yriese. The description is too meagre to be certain of what was intended.
NEPHBLAPHYLLUM, Blume.
N. PULCHRUM, Blume, Bijdr., p. 373 t. 32. Hah, Singapore: In a damp, swampy wood, at Bukit Mandai ! Sungei Brih ! Malacca: woods at the foot of Mt. Ophir! Bukit
Sadanen, E, Berry ! Perak : Maxwell*s Hill, Larut Hills ! A terrestrial plant growing on dead leaves in damp spots.
N. TENUiFLOBUM, Blume, Bijdr.y p. 373. Hah. Perak, Scortechini.
Kedah : Kedah Peak, in damp woods on the top of the hill, 4,000 feet alt!
TAINIA, Blume.
T. PENANGIANA, HooJc. /., Fl Brit. Ind., v. p. 820.
Hah. Penang : Government Hill, C. Ourtis !
The specimens sent by Mr. Curtis differ in some respects from the description, but the type was apparently in bad condition. The plant has an unusually large stout conic pseudo-bulb 3 inches long and 2 inches thick, purple, covered partially with the remains of sheathing leaves. The leaf is
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APOSTASUCSil 07 THE HILAT PENINSITLA. 315
lanceolate acnte long-petioled. The scape is much taller, purplish green; it bears nine or ten distant flowers. The sepals and petals are paJe yellow yeined with purple. The lip is buff and rose, dotted (especiallj towards the apex) with darker! rose. The spur is short and clubbed, orange in colour. The column is narrowed at the base and widened above, buff thickly spotted with rose. The anther has the apex obscurely three-lobed, the front margin retuse. The pollinia are eight, the four upper oblong oblique lamelliform, the four lower smaller ovate flattened. There is a small retase disc.
Tainu LATiLiNGUA, EooJc. /., Fl. BHt Ind., V. p. 822, Ic. PL, t. 2093.
Hob. Perak, Scortechini.
T. ATEOPUEPUBBA, BicU. Tcrrcstris. Ehizoma repens ; radices crassae. Folia ovata, profunde cordata, subacuta, herbacea ; petiolus 4 poll, longus, crassus ; lamina 6 poll longa, 4 poll. lata. Scapus 1 ped. longns, basi a vaginis membranaceis tectus, supeme laxe racemosns. Flores majusculi, dissiti, purpurei. BracteoB f poll, longed, lineares, acuminatsB ; pedicelli (ovario incluso) bracte& breviores. Sepalum posticnm ^ poll, longum, 3*7 poll, latum, lanceolatum acntum, lateralia basi in mentum f poll, longum producta. Petala cum sepalis aequi- longa, pauUo latiora. Labellum | poll, longum, ^ poll, latum, ovatum acutum, a nervis 8 paullo elevatis percursum ; carinso 2 parallel®, lamelliformes, inter has nervus camosus lamelli- formis minus elevatns. Golumna ^ poll, longa, erecta ; pea longior ; alee majnsculsd, rect» ; clinandrium ovatum, margine postice elevato; rostellum latum, ovatum, obtnsum. Stigma ovatum, margine inferiore elevato. NephelajphyUum grandi- florum, Hook, f ., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 192.
Hah. Perak : Maxwell's Hill, 2,000 feet alt. ; growing among dead leaves !
This was described from two drawings, one by Scortechini, the other by Kunstler. The former, evidently unfinished and without details, I have seen ; and it is clearly intended for the plant above described, which was sent me in flower by Mr. Gartis, and of which I have also twice collected living plants on the banks of the road leading to the top of the Larat Hill range from Thaiping. Unfortunately the only flowers I have seen were very withered, and had lost their pollen. It is
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a handsome plant, but Terj difficult of coltare. The petioles and scape are pnrple, the flowers of a dark pink, the tip of the lip (which is more fleshy than the rest) being of a deep maroon.
It cannot, I think, be referred to Nephelaphyllum, which has a spur to the lip and not a mentnm formed by the lateral sepals adnate to the long foot of the oolnmn. It seems to me clearly to belong to the genns Tainia,
In removing it to this genus, I have not retained the specific name grandiflora, because the flowers are really much smaller than those of T. speciosa^ Blume, and T. Maingayi^ Hook, f .
Tainia speciosa, Blumcy Bijdr., p. 354.
Hah. Malacca : Mt. Ophir ! Perak : Scortechini, Kedah : Kedah Peak, abundant !
This grows in dry woods, in the hill districts, at about 3,000 feet altitude. Maingay gives "flowers white, tails slightly yellow." But in the plants which I have seen the sepals and petals are greem'sh yellow with red lines, the lip bright yellow, with some red streaks on the lateral lobes. The anther horns are very short and violet.
T. Maingayi, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 822, et Ic. Pl.^ t. 2094.
Hah. Penang: Maingayi. Kedah : Kedah Peak !
The Kedah plant apparently is this species, but the buds are too young to make out clearly. The flowers appeared to be deep purple.
CHRYSOGLOSSUM, Blume.
C. VILLOSUM, Blume, Bijdr., p. 338, t. 17. Hah. Perak : Scortechini.
I have only seen a sketch of this among Scortechini's drawings.
PLOCOGLOTTIS, Blume.
The peculiar form of the poUinia in this genus has caused some doubt as to where in the order it should be placed ; in Bentham and Hooker's 'Genera Plantarum' it is doubtfully
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referred to Vandece. The poDinia, however, are not those of any Vandeay but seem to be not yeiy much modified from those of some species of Tainia, to which genus Plocoglottis in other respects seems most nearly allied.
In P. porphyrophyUa^ Ridl., the pollinia consist of four kidnej-shaped masses of rather pnlvernlent pollen, attached by their inner edges to stalks, of which two are longer than the others ; these end below in a mass of roughly triangular outline. Both the stalks and this disc-like mass are of a yellow colour, and contain much pollen mixed with viscid matter ; and it appears that the supposed disc rather corresponds to the two lowest pairs of pollinia of such a plant as Tainia speciosay Blnme, than to the viscid disc of, say, a Saccolahium. A large mass of white viscous matt-er overlies the rostellum, and, becoming readily attached to the pollinia, acts as a viscid disc. The arrangements for insect fertilization are very curious, and difEer from any other species known to me.
The flowers open singly, two or throe at a time, in all I have seen, though Blame figures the whole raceme open at once in several species. They are of dull colour, often purple and yellow, and one species at least (P. fostida^ Bidl.) has a most unpleasant carrion odonr. Hence one would expect them to be fertilized by Diptera, which is indeed the case. In P. porphy- rophyUa, Bidl., the flowers open wide ; the dorsal sepal and petals are narrow and yellowish coloured, and are thrown back when the flower expands. The column is arched over the lip. The lateral sepals are much larger than the dorsal one, of a bright purple colour, polished, and the most conspicuous part of the flower, their inner half, is thickened and involute. The lip is broad and shorter than the sepals. It has a yellow ground, thickly marbled with red ; the basal edges are thinner in texture, yellow with black spots, and fringed with small processes. The apex of the lip is very broad, and the outer angles project a short distance. On the disc near the angles are a pair of shining, deep purple horns, which resemble drops of nectar. In the bud, the lip lies flat against the column, but, as the flower opens, it is drawn down in such a manner as to lie flat at some distance below it. This is effected by the lateral sepals, the thickened inner edges of which overlap the prolonged angles of the lip, and, as they are deflexed, draw down the lip. When a fly alights on the lip in search of
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318 MB. HENBT RIDLBT ON OROHIDBA AND
nectar, it sets it free hj its weight or by slightly separating the lateral sepals ¥rith its feet, and the lip springs np suddenly (its flexible claw acting as a spring) and strikes the face of the colnmn, where it permanently remains, pressing the insect against the pollen masses, so that it cannot escape from the trap without withdrawing the pollen. As the lip remains then pressed against the colnmn, it is impossible for a fly to get at the nectar any more ; so that the first flower visited by a fly cannot be fertilized, bnt, by pollinating, the insect can fertilize the next one visited. A somewhat similar arrangement occurs in the MarantaceoB, where the style is held back in the hooded staminode till the entry of the fertilizer aeis it free, when it suddenly curves downwards, sweeping the pollen out of its chamber as it does so, and plastering it on the insect's back.
In P. javanica^ Blume, a somewhat different arrangement occurs. Here the sepals and petals are all nearly equal in size, and all are orange with darker spots. There is no thickening or in-rolling of the lateral sepals, which, indeed, are divaricate at the apices, but they grasp the basal angles of the square lip with their basal inner edges, and, being deflexed, draw the lip down as in P. porphyrophyllaf Bidl. A slight touch on the pale-coloured lip sets it free, and it springs up suddenly as before.
Flocoglottis poephtbophtlla, Bidl in Trans. Linn, 8oc,j Ser. n. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 368. Hab. Singapore : Kranji ! Selitar ! Teas !
Johore : Batu Pahat ! Tana Bunto ! TJlu Kahang.
Pahang: Pekan!
Perak: Scortechini.
Kedah : From near the coast (native dealer) ! Common in many places in diy woods. The leaves are of a lovely purple colour beneath, and as they stand erect have a beautiful stained glass appearance by transmitted sunlight. I suppose the plant referred to P. acuminata^ Blume, in * Fl. Brit. Ind.,' from " Perak, 2-3,000 feet. King's Collector," is this plant. There is a good sketch of it in Scortechini's drawings. A dealer gave me a plant from the Kedah Coast, in which leaves, bulbs, scape were all green, as were also the sepals. It is evidently specifically the same, but looked very different at first sight.
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APOSTASIACE^ OF THB MALAY PBNINSITLA. B19
Plocoglottis javanica, Blume, Bijdr,^ p. 381. t. 21. Hah. Singapore : Local ; Chan Ghu Kang, and Choa Chn Kang! Jobore: Hnlu Batn Pahab, Lake and KeUall! Ten-
garah, /. Feilddng ! Pabang : Kota Glanggi Woods ! Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills ! Kedab : Kedab Peak, woods ! Tbis grows in damp, tbick woods. As in all tbe species, I bave seen tbe flowers open one by one, tbe lower ones, nnless fertilized, falling off as tbe ones above open. In Blame's fignre, I.e., bowever, many flowers are represented as opening at once.
P. FOBTIDA, Kndl., sp, nova. Bhizoma crassinscnlnm ; radices crass8B, lanoginoBSB. Gaules 3 ped longi, plures, foliati. Folia 6 poll, longa, l^lf poll, lata, late lanceolata vel elliptico- lanceolata, acnta, a costis 3-5 elevatis percnrsa ; yaginsB teretes, ore integrsB. Scajpus altior, validns, pnbescens, basi (vaginis pancis exceptis) nndus, supeme laxe racemosns. Flores usqne ad 20, majnsculi, singnlatim expansi, foetidi. Bractece ^ poll, longea, ovatsD acntsB, pubescentes, persistentes. Sepalum posticnm } poll. Ion gum, § . poll, latum, ovato-lanceolatum acutum, lateralia torta deflexa. Petala cum sepalis subsdqui- longa, lanceolata acuta; sepala petala aurantiaca rubro- maculata. Lahellum f poll, longum, ferme f poll, latum, quadratum, 3-dentatum, camosum, citrinum, basi ad columnsB margines adnatum. Golumna brevis, crassa. Anthera conica ; pollinia globosa, pulverulenta. Hah. Singapore : Bukit Timab 1
Jobore : Tanjong Kopang, near Jobor.
Malacca : Jus !
Selangor : Kwala Lumpur ! Tbis is not very rare, bat seems to flower very rarely. It is called *' Oalumhdk " in Malacca.
Tbe flower emits a most fcetid stercoraceous odour. It occurs in dense, damp jungles. Tbe affinity of tbe plant is witb P. dtlaiataj Blume.
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CLADEllIA, Hook. f.
C. viRiDiPLORA, HooJe. /., Fl, Brit. Ind., v. p. 810. Hab, Singapore : Bajan, Tanglin, &c., very common.
Johore: Simpai!
Malacca : common !
Penang: Government Hill ! West Hill!
Perak : Hermitage Hill ! Dindings !
Pabang : Tahan Woods !
Also Borneo, at Matang ! and elsewhere. Common in the forests, but seldom met witb in flower. The flowers are light green, reticulate with darker markings. The lip, which i» pubescent at the base, has a club-sliaped white- grooved ridge on the disc ; the epichil consists of two oblong blunt divaricate lobes. The column is simplj arched in life, hardly sigmoid ; it is pubescent at the base. The pollinia are two in number, elliptic, joined by their points at the apex, and divaricate below ; a ridge runs down the back of each.
CCBLOGTNB, Lindl.
C. TBSTACEA, Ir/noZ., Bot Beg. (1842) Misc., p. 38. Hab, Singapore: common in sandy places near the coast, usually terrestrial. Sungei Morai ! Chan Chu Kang! Eranji! Johore : Tana Bunto ! &c The commonest species in the south of the peninsula, growing in large clumps often on the ground, never high upon trees. The racemes are rather short and pendulous. The flowers have an unpleasant scent.
C. T0MBNT08A, Lindl., FoL Orchid. Coelog., p. 3. Hab. Malacca : Mt. Ophir !
Perak : upper part of the Larut Hills ! Abundant. Selangor : Bukit Hitom, KeUaU ! Penang : (Jovernment Hill, Curtis ! Common at about 4,000 feet elevation on trees. The var P penangensis (* Fl. Brit. Ind.,' v. p. 830) is distinguished by its shorter pseudo-bulb elliptic-obovate leaves and ridges of lip not coalescing. The species varies very much, as do most in the genus, as to bulb and leaf; most specimens I have seen have
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APOSTASIACEJE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 321
the lidges on the disc quite free and not coalesced. The Bukit Hitam plant had remarkably narrow and slender pseado-bnlbs, not at all ovoid.
CcELOGYNE Massangbana, Eexchh, /. in Oard, Chron. (1878) ii- p. 684.
Hah, Perak : Larut Hills, Maxwell's HiU ! In dense jangle on tree trunks at 3,000 feet alt. ; not at all common.
. C. Roohussbnii, De Vriese^ Illusii\ Orch,j t. 2 et t. 11 f . 6 ; Beichh, /., Xenia Orch., i. p. 212 t. 85.
C. macrohulbon, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind'., v. p. 830. Hah, Singapore : At Selitar !
Johore : Gunong Janeng ! Batu Pah at ! Lake and KeUall; Pulau Dayak, an island east of Johore, /. Feilding, Pahang : Tahan River Woods ! Sungei Ujong : (Native collector) ! Penang : Wallich n. 1969/2. Perak : Scortechini. Also Borneo ! Sumatra ! Java. This is often brought in by the orchid dealers, and, indeed, has been shipped home in bulk as C. Dayana^ Beiohb. f ., which out of flower it somewhat resembles.
The natives of Sungei Ujong call it " Sakat Ttdo Ular " (Snake-bones orchid).
C. CuMiNGir, Lindl, Bot, Beg. (1840) Misc., p. 76. Hah. Singapore : Bukit Timah, on high trees ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir ! Pahang : Tahan Woods !
Perak : Larut Hills ! Waterloo estate, Kwala Kangsa 1 In the forests this plant grows on the tops of the loftiest trees, and is very inaccessible. On Mount Ophir it forms large mats on the bare and smooth granite rocks.
The arrangement and number of ridges on the lip vary very much, and, indeed, are often very unsafe diagnostic characters in Godlogyne.
C. SPECIOSA, Lindl, Qen. et 8p. Orch.,p. 39. Hah. Pahang : Tahan River Woods !
Perak : Lai'ut Hills, at about 3,000 feet elevation and upwards; abundant!
Penang: Government Hill ! '
LINK. JOUBN. — BOTANY VOL. XXXII. T
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322 MR. HENBT BIDLET ON ORCHIDE^ AND
On trees in dense jungle ; often common in the hill districts. A native also of Java.
C<EL0GTNE CASTA, Eu2Z., ap. fiova, Psetido-hulhi 3 poll, longi, 1 poll, crassi, elongati conici, costati. Folia 2, 8 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, anguste lanceolata acuta, in petiolnm attenoata, flaccida, costata. Scopus lateralis, eiecto-nntans, basi a yaginis viridibns (snmmis foliaceis) tectns, ferme nsqne ad vaginas flori- fems. Flores c. 5 magni, 3 poll, lati, speciosi. Bractem 2 poll. longsB, lanceolataa acnminat®, papyraceas ; pedicelli 1 poll, longi. Sepala l^ poll, longa, \ poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata acuta. Fetala sepalis angustiora, lineari -lanceolata acuminata. LdbeUum sepalis brevius, ovatum ; lobi lateralea magni obtusi flavi aurantiaco-venosi, medius breviusculns ovatus cuspidatus basi crispo-marginatus, albus basi a macule citrin^ notatus ; carinee in hypochilii disco 3 parallelaB, crispsB, albee, in epichilio 2 eztemaB adduntur. Columna obscure aurantiaca, supeme alata ; clinandrii margo elevatus, truncatus, utrinque 1-dentatus. AfUhera campanulata, apice incrassata; rostellum latum, in margine sinuatum ; poUinia inaequalia, semi-elliptica, com- planata, 2 postica minoi*a. Stigma oblongnm, breve.
Hob. Selangor : Bukit Hitam, H. J. KeUall !
A very beautiful plant with widely expanded flowers, remarkable for the acuminate sepals and petals of the purest white.
C. FoEBSTERMANNi, Beichh. f. in Oard, Chron. (1886) ii. p. 262.
0. Maingayi, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 831.
Hab, Malacca : said to be common on lofty trees, B, Berry ! Pahang : Kwantan, Burnford ! Tahan River ! Also Borneo !
I am assured by the orchid collectors that this plant is the one introduced from Borneo by Forstermann, and described by Beichenbach as 0. Foerstermanni, It is a very noble species but not easy to cultivate, and, as it seems to prefer the upper branches of the loftiest trees, is difficult to collect and rarely brought in by collectors.
C. LONGiBRACTATA, Hook. /., Fl, Brit, Ind,, vi. p. 194. Hah, Perak: Kunstler.
C, ANQUSTiFOLii, B/idLj ap, nova, Pseudo-bulbi 2| poll.
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APOSTASUCE^ OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. ^^23
iongi, 1 poll, crassi, conici, leves, olivacei, in latere altero racemifero, sulcata. Folia 2, 10 poll, longa, I poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata, petiolata, S-nervia, erecto - nutantia. Scapus foliis brevior, pauciflorus ; bracteae basales, ovat», obtussB. Flares iis G. testacece, Lindl., eequales, sabsecundi. Bractece lanceolatad acut®, pallide brune®, caducae. SepcUa 1 poll, longa, I poll, lata, lanceolate- lorata, subacuta, carinata, ochroleuca, in margine recurva. Petala cum sepalis aequi- longa, multo angustiora, spathulato-linearia. Labellum J polL longum, trilobum ; lobi laterales Iongi, obtusi, intus bimnei, extra pallidi, medius obovato-oblongus apice rotundatus in margine uudulatus ; discus albus in mai*gine flavns bruneo- macnlatus ; carinas 3, 2 laterales altse albae, media minor (basi pra^sertim) sinuata. Oolumna | poll, longa, basi angusta fiuperne arcuata, ochroleuca bruneo-tincta ; clinandrium alte marginatum, rotundatum. Anthera conica, pileata; rostellum magnum, latum, rotundatum, rufo-bruneum. Stigma semi- ovale, margine elevato.
Hah. Lanka wi Islands, C Curtis !
This seems to be nearest to C graminifolta, Par. and Reiclib. f., but is not so narrow in the leaf, and has a different lip.
CiELOGYNE QUADRANGULARis, RidL, sp, nova. Rkizoma crassum, lignosum Pseudo-bulhi 3 poll. Iongi, basi 1^ poll, crassi, 4-angulati, conici, leves, saepissime arete approximati. Folia 6 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, late lanceolata acuta, basi attenuata, 5-nervia. Ba^emi 8 poll. Iongi, usque ad 8-flori, penduli. Flores iis C. tanientosce sequales, dissiti. Pedicelli Ij poll, long^, albi, sparse nigro-tomentosi ; bracteee J poll, longas, oblongae, convolutae. Sepalum posticum 1^ poll, longum ^ poll, latum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia paullisper longiora falcata acute carinata. Petala 1 poll, longa |- poll, lata, lanceolato-linearia acuta. Labellum (explanatum) 1 poll, longum f poll, latum ; lobi laterales oblongi obtusi extra albi intus brunei albo-nervosi ; discus albus, S-carinatus, basi carinarum lateralium a pro- cessubus parvis oblongis ciliatis auctus ; carina media usque ad trientem magis elevata ; carinas omnes denticulataa ; lobus medius ovatus obtnsus, albus in medio bruneo-maculatus, a carinis 5 integris percursns. Columna } poll, longa, alba basi brunescens, in margine brunea, in ventre bruneo-3-striata ; clinandrii marge dorsalis truncatus, irregulariter denticulatns.
T 2
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324 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
Anthera atro-branea; rostellam ovatura, obtusum. Stigma hippocrepiforme, in margine incrassatum.
Hah. Pei^k : Trees on Gunong Hijan, alt. 5,000 !
A.n ally of C. fomentom, Lindl., like which it has the minute black tomentnm, though much more sparingly on the pedicel. The bracts are very much shorter, the leaves and bulbs quite different in form, and the five ridges on the lip are entire and not broken up into truncate processes as in that species. It flowers in July.
CcELOOYNE PACHYBULBON, Bidl., sp. nova. Rhizoma ^ poll, in diam., lignosum ; radices longae, albse. Pseudo-bulbi 2 poll, longi, 1| lati, ovoidei, leves, olivaceo-flavi. Folia 12 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, lauceolata acuta, laste viridia, tenniter coriacea ; petiolus 2 poll, longus, canaliculatus ; carina crassa ; nervi 2, elevati. Scapus 6 poll, longus, lateralis, basi a vaginis dense tectus. Flores c. 6, subsecundi, iis G, testaceoB, Lindl., SBquales. Braeteob IJ poll, longes, oblongo-ovatas obtusae, cervinae, decidu8B; pedicelli cum ovariis 1 poll, longi, pallide cervini. Sepala | poll, longa, lanceolata, ochroleuca, lateralia carinata. Petala linearia, obtusa, ochroleuca. Lahellum petalis pauUo brevius; lobi laterales rotundati obtusi intus brunei, mediua multo longior basi oblongus citrinus apice dilatatus truncatu» integer bruneus, in margine albus ; carinse 2 sinuatee, baud multum elevatae, apice crispee. Columna ^ poll, longa, arcuata, clavata; clinandrii margo integer, rotundatus, antheram baud multo superans. Anthera brunea, pileata ; poUinia aciniformia, teiiuia, plana ; rostellum latum, tenue, planum, integrum.
Hah, Siam : Pungah, Curtis (1894) !
A handsome and free-flowering species, remarkable for the thick conic smooth bulbs hardly at all grooved. The lip has broad blunt lateral lobes, the terminal one being rather long and oblong till the apex, where it rather suddenly enlarges into an almost reniform blade. The base is chrome yellow except between the two keels ; the end is white with a sienna brown centre. The intermediate keel is very obscure, hardly to be seen.
C. !Mayeriana, Eeichb. /. in Oard. Chron, (1877) ii. p. 134. Bhizoma longum, ferme J poll, crasdum, validum, lignosum, a vaginis tectum. Pseudo-hulhi 2 poll, longi, 1 poll, lati, ^ poll, crassi, ovates, compressi, longitudinaliter rugosi, IsBte virentes.
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APOSTASIACE^ OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 325
inter se 3-4 poll, distantes. Folia 8 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, carinata, laete virentia; petiolns crassas, canalicalatns ; nervi dorsales 4, elevati. Scapi 1 ped. longi, laterales, a pseudo-bulbis remoti, erecti, basi a vaginis puncticu- latis omnino tecti ; racemiis pauciflores. Flores magni, pulchri, dissiti. BracteoB 1 poll, longae, oblongsB, obtnssB, coDvolutae, pnnctatse, dia persistentes ; pedicelli If poll, longi, pallide virides ; ovaria J poll, longa, pallide viridia. Sepala 1^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, oblonga, obtusa, oarinata, Isete viridia. Petala | poll, longa, :j^ poll, lata, lineari-lanceolata acata, laote vindia; nervos medius conspienns. Labellum 1 poll, longum, S-lobum; lobi laterales elongati, lati, basi colnmnam amplec- tentes, apice lati subobtnsi viridi-albi atro-3-nervati ; discus latus, viridis ; carinsB 3, 2 exteriores altw acutee minute atro- denticulatae, interior pauUo elevata a crista parv4 albsl mos terminata ; macula ochrea in carinarum basi additur; lobus medius panduratus, crispus, bilobus ; lobi subrotundi dente mediano interjecto; carinao 4, valde (preesertim 2 interiores) cristatae, viridi-nervisB, atro-macnlatee. Columna | poll, longa, basi angustata, superne clavata, smaragdina, late alata ; clinan- drium profundum, in margine dorsali cucullatum. Anthera parva, subconica, obtusa, viridis, in margine truncata ; pollinia 4, compressa, triangulari-ovata ; discus majusculus, triangu- laris ; rostellum latum, trancatum, laminsBforme, integrum. Stigma prominens, semicirculare.
Hab, Singapore : Sungei Buloh ! Kranji !
Jobore : Tana Runto ! Also near Jobore town. Rhio : Native dealers ! Also Sumatra, at Djambi !
Tbis cbarming plant grows ujiually at tbe foot of tbe Nibong palms, Oncosperma Jilamentosum, Blume, in sandy places on the coast near the mangrove swamps. It appears to be almost con- fined to the coasts of the Johore Strait, where. However, it is by no means rare. It is a strajrgling, far-creeping plant, with flowers resembling in colouring those of Cpandurata, Lindl., but some- what smaller. I presume this is Reichenbacb*s 0. Mayenana, a plant described without locality, and which has been lost from European cultivation. As it seems to be so little known 1 have re-described it more fully.
CcELOOYNE PANDURATA, Lindl. in Gard. Chron, (1853) p. 791. Hab. Perak : Scoi-techini, rather rare. Abundant in Borneo and Sumatra.
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326 MR. HEXRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJI AND
CcELOOYNE ASPERATA, LindL in Joum. Sort, Soc,y iv. (1849) p. 221.
Hah. Perak : on rocks ! Local. Abundant in Borneo, and occunin^ in Sumatra.
C. PRASiXA, Bidl., sp. nova. Ehizoma longe repens, I poll, in diam. ; radices longissimaB, crassae. Pseudo-hulhi 2 poll, longiy fusiformes, remoti. Folia bina, 5 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, ovata vel elliptica, acuta, 3-5-nervia; petiolua ^-| poll, longus. Scaptis 6 poll, longus, ex apice pseudo-bulbi ortus, basi (3 poll.) iiudus flexuosus ; bracteaB 1 poll, longae, lanceolatae acuminatsB, deciduee. Flores c. 5, pai*vi, prasini; pedicelli ^ poll, longi,. graciles. Sepala § poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuta. Petala sepalis breviora, basi laaceolata apice setacea. LabeUwm sepalo multo longius, panduratum ; lobi laterales breves, rotun- dati, medius multo longior oblongus basi paullo angusiatus; carina? 2, crassee, integra?, in disco hypochilio sitae, in lobo medio- products?; linea mediana paullo elevata. Cohimna brevis, in dorso carinata utrinque elevato-lineata ; cliuandrii margo integer, I'otundatus, antheram paullo superans; rostellum ovatum, aeiitum. Anthera apice rotundata, retusa, in margine- acuta.
Hah, Kedah Peak : 3-4,000 feet, abundant! (5131).
This grows at Kedali Peak upon trees, and on the ground in greab masses. The rhizome is rather slender, and bears- distant loose sheaths from a quarter to half an inch longy brown, thin, and blunt. The pseudo-bulbs are about 2 or 3 inches apart. The flowers are produced on lax slender racemea rising fi-om between the leaves and but little longer. The flowers, opening one at a time, are as small as any in the genus ; of an apple green colour and verj inconspicuous.
The petals are remarkably narrow, in fact quite setaceous at the apices. The lip has very short lateral lobes and a much longer tei-minal one, which is narrowed at the base, so that the lip when spread out is pandurate. It is most nearly allied to* G. stenochiJa, Hook. f. (Described from dry specimens and field notes.)
C. STENOCHILA, Hoolc. /., Fl. Brtt, Ind,, v. p. 837, et le. Plr t. 2106.
Hah. Pei'ak : Gunong Batu Putih, Wray,
C. CARXEA, Hoohf., FL Brit Ind., v. p. 838, et Ic. PL, t. 2107. Hah. Perak: Scortechini.
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APOSTASUCEJ! OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 827
C(ELOOTNE ANCEPS, HooL f., Fl. BHt. Ind., V. p. 840, et Ic. PZ., t. 2109.
Hah. Perak: Scortechtni,
C. BIMACULATA, BidL, sp. nova. PseudO'hulbi 3 poll, longi, 3^ poll, crassi, conici raro subcylindrici. FoUa bina, 8 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, lanceolata acnta, breviter petiolata. Scapus ex apice psendo-bulbi ortus, erectxis, gracilis, basi longe nudus. Bractece \^ poll, longae, lanceolatsB acuminataB, papyraceaB, deciduae, flores superantes ; pedicelli ^ poll, longi. Flores explanati 1 poll. lati. Sepala lanceolata, acuta, alba. Petala sepalis angustiora, lanceolata, spatholata. LaheUum petalis brevins, angnste oblongum ; lobi laterales parvi, breves, obtnsi, medius mnlto longior albns; macula anrantiaca in ntroqne latere loborum lafceralinm sita ; lobi medii discus a macule aurantiacd, omatus; callus transrersus semilunaris in basi labelli ; carinse 3, infracted. Golumna virescens, alata ; clinan* drii margo rotundatus, integer. Anthera plana, lata, bilocularis, tenuis, bruaea; pollinia 1-seriata 4, pjriformia. Stigma magnum, rotundatum, ovatum. Eab. Perak : ? (cult, in Hort. Bot. Singapore, 1893.) The exact locality of this plant, which flowered in the Botanic Gardens, I do not know ; but I believe it came from the Larut Hills. The mid-epichil is longer than the rest of the lip. Three keels not crisped, but broken up at intervals at the base, run down the hypocbil on to the epichil ; two start from near the base, the median one from some way up the middle, and is carried further on the terminal lobe than the two side ones. The pollen masses are very dissimilar to those of most Caslogynes.
C. PUSILLA, Bidl.y ap. nova, Pseudo-hulbi 1 poll, longi, ^ poll, crassi, conici, congesti, a vaginis ovatis membranaceis tecti. FoUa singula, 3-4 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, coriacea ; petiolus 1 poll, longns. Seapus 4 poll, longus, foliis brevior, erectus, basi a vaginis lanceolatis tectus, Rupeme floriferus. Bractece 1 poll, longed, lanceolate^ acutee, flores superantes, papyracees, raox deflexee; pedicelli f poll, longi, tenues. Flores parvuli. Sepala \ poll, longa, lanceolata acuta, camea. Petala sepalis multo angustiora, linearia. Lahelli ochracei basis oblonga, lamina flexa; lobi laterales parvi, oblongi, truncati, in angulo inferiore dentiformes; discus late obloneus; carinee 2, acutee; lobus terminalis albus, bilobus,
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lobis rotnndatis. Columna ^ poll, longa, basi oblonga, superne late dilatata, in margin e late siunata. Anther a parva, ovata, anrantiaca; rostellnm oyatnm, tenue. Stigma reniforme, margine elevata.
Hah. Perak: Larufc Hills ! 4,000 feet alt.
A small compact plant with the foliage and psendo-bnlbs of a PhoUdota, and a short erect scape. The lip is pandurate in outline with the disc thickened and bearing two low keels. At the base, which is slightly saccate, is a good deal of nectar.
PHOLIDOTA, Lindl.
P. IMBRICATA, Lindl in Hook,, Exot. Fl., ii. t. 138. H(ib. Lankawi Islands : 0, Curtis !
Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith ! Tonka (Native
collector). Perak : Scortechini. Apparently common in Java and Borneo. The peninsula form is generally the stunted one with short leaves and peduncle.
P. MiCBANTHA, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 847, et Ic. PI, t. 1891.
Hah. Perak : Gunong Batu Putih, Wray.
P. DECDRVA, Btdl., sp. nova. Oaules elongati, ramosi ; inter- nodii 3-4 poll, longi, pseudo-bulbosi, teretes, olivacei, basi vaginati superne nudi. Folia bina, 4 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, late obovata vel oblanceolata, acuta, canaliculata, striata, atro- viridia. Bacemus 6 poll, longus, gracilis, decurvus, basi nudus superne flexuosus; bracteas lanceolataB acutae, caducae. Flores ferme 1 poll, lati, plures. Sepala ^ poll, longa, ovata aut oblonga, subacuta. Petala sepalis minora, oblonga; sepala petala camea. Lahellum oblongum, cymbaeforme, margin ibus involutis ; carinae 5, basi incrassatae, apices versus attennatae : epichilium bilobum, subquadratum, basi tortum, roseo-carneum basi aurantiacum. Columna recta, oblonga, rosea. AntJiera depressa, plana, bilocularis ; margo posticus prolongatus lobis 2 oblongis rotnndatis, anticus rostratus; rostellum ovatum acuminatum acutum, integrum.
Hah. Perak : C. Curtis ! (cultivated in Penang Gardens.) This is most nearly allied to P. articulata, Lindl.
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CALANTHE, R. Br.
C. YERATRi FOLIA, R Br. til Bot. Beg. 8uh t. 573.
Hah, Johore ; Sedili River !
Perak : Larut Hills, 2,000 feet alt. Selangor : Bnkit Hitam, KeUall !
Common in Sumatra (at Siak and other localities).
I cannot satisfactorily distinguish what I take to be 0. c2tp- loxvpUion^ Hook, f ., from the common G. veratrifolia^ R. Br. ; it seems to be merely a form growing in thick wet jungle. The common plant is very variable in form of leaf, size of bracts, compactness of raceme, and length of spur, and in the Larut Hills almost every plant looks different. In the drier woods of the Sedili River, one gets the compact-headed form with fairly large flowers; -and the same form is brought by the orchid collectors from Siak in Sumatra. A very distinct looking form from Perak ha8 a lax elongate raceme, with broad bracts, and large flowers with the sepals tipped with bright green ; but it passes into the common form. The colour of the callus varies from white to yellow and orange-red.
C. Wrayi, Hook. /., Ic. PI, t. 2114, except for the pectinate calli, seems to me the same species. The plant described in the * Flora of British India,* v, p. 850, under the same name, I take to be 0. CecilicBf Hort. Low.
C. CECiLiiB, Hort. Low, ex Eeiclih. f. in Qard. Chron. (1883) I. p. 432.
Hah. Sungei Ujong : Ounong Talan !
Perak ; Hermitage Hill, 2,000 feet alt ! Pahang : Kota Olauggi Woods ?
This plant was described by Reichenbach from a living specimen sent from Perak by Sir Hugh Low. The description was overlooked accidentally in the * Flora of British India.' The well-known locality for it is on the slopes of the Hermitage Hill, near Kwala Kangsa, where it grows on granite rocks.
The natives of Sungei Ujong call it " Suhoy.**
Reichenbach gives its affinity as with C. parviflora, Lindl., a Javan plant. I do not know this, but it is certain that C. Oecilice is very near 0. Masuca, Lindl. There is a figure of it among Scortechini's drawings, and I take it that this is the
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330 MR. HENBT RIDLET ON ORCHIDEJS AND
C. Wrayi var. ? Scortechinii of the * Flora of British India.* Afl to the type of 0. Wrayi^ I am i*ather at fault, the descriptioii in the ' Floi^ of Bntish India,' v, p. 850, snits some forms of C. Gedlice very well; but the figure and description in the * Icones Plantarum/ t. 2114, do not. In the first the lip is described as having the ^'mid-lobe cleft into two dimidiate obovate crenulate segments disc with conical calli"; in the latter, " lobis oblong is obtusis divaricatis disco basi callis parvis pectinatis instructo," and the lobes are figured quite entire.
The Pahang plant may possibly be distinct ; the flowers were as dark violet as 0. Mdsuca, Lindl.
Calanthe cuRCaLiGOiDES, Lindl.^ Oen. et Sp. Orch,^ p. 251; et in Wall. List, n. 7340. Hab, Singapore : Common ; Choa Chu Kang ! Kranji ! Toa Payoh ! Johore : Ounong Pulai ! Perak : Maxwell's Hill, Larut Hills ! Also occurs in Luigga (Uullett) I This charming plant grows, often abundantly, in wet swampy woods in dead and rotten leaves. It flowers in September and October. I have seen small woods dotted all over with its showy orange spikes.
The Gcdanthe curculigaides of the ' Botanical Magazine/ t. 6104, is quite a distinct plant.
C. Scortechinii, Hoohf., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 854.
Hah. Perak : Larut Hills, abundant.
This much resembles C. curculigoides, Lindl., when out of flower, and is sometimes brought in by collectors for that species. It is a very shabby uninteresting plant. The enormous pale greenish bracts, very much longer than the flower, 2 inches in length, fall off as the flowers develop. The flower is light yellow. It seems to barely open.
C. ANODSTIPOLU, Lindl, Oen. et 8p. Orch., p. 251.
Hah. Malacca : Woods on the lower slope of Mt. Ophir ! Perak : Ghinong Hijan, Larut Hills ; 6,000 feet alt. !
The bracts are 1^ inches long, narrow lanceolate acuminate. This is described as having ** stem very short or 0 " in the * Fl. Brit. Ind.,' v. p. 854 ; but it has, as shown in the figure in ' Xenia Orcbidacea,' i. t. 79, quite a long slender rhizome.
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 331
Calanthe ? GiGANTEA, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 856. Hah, Perak : Wray^ King^s Collector. I know notbinjgp of this.
C. (§ Peeptanthe) RUBENS, Eidl in Oard. Chron. (1890) I. p. 576.
Hah. Lankawi Islands : 0. Curtis !
There are several forms of this, varying in colour from white, or cream, to deep rose colour. It is, however, very distinct in size and form of lip from C. vestita, Wall.
ARUNDINA, Blnme.
A. SPECIOSA, Blume, Bljdr., p. 401, t. 73. A. hambusifoliay Lindl. in Wall. Cat., n. 3751. A. denm, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1842) Misc., p. 25, t. 38. A. densifloray Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 857, sphalm. Hah. Johore : Ganong Janeng, Kelsall ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir, abundant ! Pahang : River Tahan ! Perak : Kinta ! The Singapore locality given in * Fl. Brit. Ind.* must be an error. The plant only occurs in the higher mountain districts, growing on rocks or gravelly islets in streams, and there is no such locality in Singapore.
A. EEVOLUTA, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 858.
Hah. Perak : On rocks at the waterfall, Thaiping !
A very small-flowered species. The sepals and petals are pale rose coloured, the lip rosy pink, darkest at the apex, with some yellow in the disc.
A. CHiNENSis, Bluine, Bijdr., p. 402 ?
Hah. Kedah Peak: on rocks, often precipitous. Flowers white with brown streaks and a yellow patch on the lip.
I am very doubtful as to what Blume^s plant is. The Hong- Kong plant, commonly called A. chinensis, is A. Philippic Reichb. f., with only three elevated ridges on the lip. The Kedah plant is quite different, but I can only see three really thickened nerves on the lip, instead of five lamellate ones. The flowers are rather bigger than those of A. Philippii, and quite different in colour.
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DILOCHIA, Lindl.
D. Wallichii, Lindhy Oen. ^t Sp, Oroh,, p. 38, et in Wall. List, n. 1952.
Hah. Singapore : Wallich (n. 1952).
This plant has never been seen in the Malay Peninsula since Wallich collected it. It appears to be fairly common in Borneo.
D. Cantleyi, Ridl., i.e., Arundina Gantleyi, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., V. p. 858.
Hab. Perak : Gunong Bubu, alt. 4,000-5,000 feet, Oantley, Wray. 1 believe I saw this out of flower on Kedah Peak.
Tribe VANBE^. EULOPHIA, R. Br.
E. SQUALiDA, Lindl., Bot. Beg, (1841) Misc., p. 77.
Hah. Singapore : common ; Tanglin, Changi, Chan Chu Kang! Johore : Sedili River ! Batu Pahat ! Kota Tinggi !
Gunong Pulai. Selangor : Bukit Euda ! Kwala Lumpur. Common in open grassy spots near villages, orchards, &c.
E. elata, Hooh.f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 3. Hah. Perak: Scortechinu
E. graminea, Lindl., Oen. et 8p. Orch., p. 182, et in Wall. List, n. 7372. Hah. Singapore : Tanglin ! Choa Chu Kang ! Chan Chu Kang! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Malacca : Merliman ! Bukit Sabukor ! Pahang : Rampin River ! Sungei Meang ! Lankawi : Coah ! C. Curtis. Common in sandy spots, especially near tbe sea. It is called " Bawang Hanta " by the Malays, lit., Ghost's onion, i.e., onion-like plant that is not 6t for human beings.
It is a very variable plant as regards size of bulb and development of panicle.
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AP0STA8IACEJE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 333
EuLOPHU Keithii, Bidl,^ sp, nova, Pseudo-huUn 3-5 poll, longi, 1 poll, crassi, cylindrico-conici, virides, 6-nodi. Folia 2^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, graminea, acute carinata. Scapus 1 ped. longas, rigidns, gracilis, teres, basi (vaginis paacis exceptis) nndns, supeme laze racemosus. Flores nsqne ad 9, iis E, graminece majores, explanati, dissiti. Bractece ^ poll. longaB, lanceolatad acatsB ; pedicelli cam OTariis 1 poll, longi. Sejpala | poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, linearia, acnta, yiridia. PeicUa sepalis breviora, latiora. LdbeUum latum, viride in disco albescens ; lobi laterales breves carvi erecti falcati, medins \ poll, longns et latos late obovatas apice retnsns crispns ; uervi elevati, reticalati, bronei ; carinsB in disco 3 undulataB, a callo conico flavo terminates. Calcar ^ poll, longnm, clavatum, pendnlnm. Golumna lata, rectiascnla, snpeme alata, in dorso complanata, viridis mbro-lineata. Anthera lata, apice bifida ; lobi obtnsi, recur vi, rabri.
Hob. Lankawi Isles, 0. Curtis I
Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr, Keith !
This has the habit of E. graminea, Lindl., hot the flowers are very different. The broad, reticalately-yeined lip bears three thick white veins ending in a raised conical mass on the mid-lobe.
Dr. Keith says it grows in masses at the roots of trees.
CYMBIDIUM, Swartz.
C. ALOiFOLiuM, 8w. in Nov. Act. 8oc. fife. Upsal, vi. (1799) p. 73.
C. Finlaysonianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat., n. 7358. Hah, Singapore: common on the island; also on Pnlau Ubin, between Singapore and Johore ! Carimon Isles !
Johore : Tanjong Eopang ! Batn Pahat ! Pahang : Pekan ! Malacca : common. Penang: Telok Bahang, Curtis! Perak : Scortechini (drawings). Var. PUBESCENS, t.e., C. puheseens, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 75; (1841), t. 38.
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Hah. Singapore : Sungei Btdah ! Malacca !
Lankawi Islands, Ourtis ! Siam : Bangtapban ! Br. Keith. As I liaye elsewhere mentioiied, C. puhescens, lindl., when typical, looks very different from C. aloifolium, Sw., but the two plants pass into each other, and it is really often hard to draw the line between them.
The var. puheseens is mnch less abundant than the very common 0. (doifoUum, which grows everywhere on trees, especially near the sea coast.
It is visited and fertilized by hornets, Vespa cincta, Fabr., and also by Carpenter bees, Xylocopa, spp.
Cymbidium acutum, Bidl.^ sp. nova. Ceespitosa. Bhizoma crassnm. Folia 12 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, plorima, erecta, graminea. Scopus 6-8 poll, longns, erectns .vel sub-erectus frnctifer nutans. Flores pauci, 1^ poll, in diam., remoti. BractecB breves, ovatsB, acutee ; pedicelli 1 poll, longi efc ultra. Sepala I poll, longa, \ poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, albescentia a fascii mediant purpurea tincta. Petala sepalis breviora. LaheUum sepalis brevius ; lobi * laterales longinscnli, obtusi, albescentes in margine nervisque kermesini ; discus ochreus ; carinaa 2 integrse apice crassiores ; lobus medius ovatns, in margine sinuatus, mucronatus, atro-kermesinus, in medio a maculft aurantiacd. omatus. Columna recta, lata, in ventre plana, violaceo-purpurea. Anthera pileata, ochrea ; margo anticus latus, retusus; poUinia triangularia, obovata; discus latus, transverse ellipticns, utrinque acutus. Stigma trana- versim oblongum, angustum. Capsula 3 poll, longa, fusiformis, rostrata ; pedicellus 1^ poll, longus, incrassatus.
Hah. Perak: Waterloo Estate, Kwala Kangsa Valley, Sir Orceme Elphinstone ! Thaiping Hills !
This is a very distinct plant, forming large tufts of narrow, grassy leaves, which are not articulated above the base as in G. aloifolium, Sw.
The scape is rather short and erect ; the flowers smaller than in 0. ahifolium, Sw., with nearly white sepals and petals, with a medium bar of purple. The lip has the form of 0. aloifolium, but is differently coloured. It is a very distinct and pretty plant.
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APOSTASUCE^ OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 335
Ctmbidium lancifolium, Eook. Exot Fl., t. 51.
Hah. Malacca : Bukit Sadanen ! Perak: Scartechinu
This grows on the groTrnd in dense jangle. Plants flowered in the Botanic Ghirdens from Malacca had apple-green sepals and petals, the latter with a medinm pink line and a white lip spotted and marked with deep crimson.
GEODOEUM, Jacks.
G. PURPUREUM, E. Br. in Ait Hort, Kew,, Ed. II. v. p. 207 ?
(?. fucatum, Inndl., Bot. Reg., t. 1687 !
Hab, Malacca: Open fields at Rellan, at the base of Mt. Ophir ! Bnkit Sadanen, B. Berry !
This exactly resembles Lindley's figure above qnoted, which was based on a plant said to have been imported from Ceylon, and I believe 0. purpureiwi, R. Br., I.e., is intended for the same species. A white-flowered plant with pink markings and a yellowish central blotch, collected in Pnlan Hajong Dnri, north of Lankawi, by Cnrtis, seems to me to be a white variety merely, though, according to a sketch, the apex of the lip is retuse.
I have also another form (apparently) which has yellowish flowers, with an acute lip veined with brown, from Saigon ; and a somewhat similar form was found in Province Wellesley by Curtis.
G. CITRINUM, Jacks, in Andr. Bot Eep,^ t. 626.
Hah. Siamese Islands, north of Lankawi, 0. Curtis !
GRAMMATOPHYLLUM, Blume.
G. sPECiosuM, Blume, Bijdr., p. 378 f. 20. Hab, Singapore : Toas, Pulau Ubin !
Malacca : Tanjong Eling !
Selangor : Near Kwala Lumpur !
Perak: Bindings!
Pahang : Banks of Tahan River !
Eedah : On Kedah Peak, 3,000 feet alt. ! The numerous descriptions of this, the finest of East Indian orchids, leave little to be added. It is probably the largest
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species in the order. A plant was brought down from Malacca to Singapore which weighed, with the portion of the tree on which it grew, three quarters of a ton, and specimens in Penang and Singapore Gardens measure 40 feet in circumference. It. grows on trees, rarely at any great height above the ground, and often over streams ; but when the tree has fallen it often continues to live and grow on the ground. The flowering season is August or September ; the scapes are very rapidly developed, and remain in flower for some weeks. Strong plants flower every year ; but they require to be full grown before they commence. The capsule is very large, and pendulous ; it is oblong pyriform, and about 6 inches long and 3 inches thick.
The flowers vary in size in different parts of the raceme, the lowest being the largest. The column is described in the * Genera Plan tar um * and ' Flora of British India * as footless, but this is hardly so. The margins at the base are carried forward beyond the point of attachment of the column to the ovary, so as to form a nectary a quarter of an inch deep, in which, how- ever, I have never seen any nectar. The front wall of this nectary is formed by the base or claw of the lip, which is adnate to the sides, and on this base the lamina of the Hp is articulated, and is, to a certain extent, movable.
The flowers are fertilized by two species of Xylocopa, viz., X. IcUipeSy Drury, and X. cestuans, Linn.
They are also visited by ants and other small-winged hymenoptera in search of the sweet exudation, not only from the flowers but also from the bases of the pedicels.
Each flower remains open for a few days without any altera- tion unless fertilized, when, although it is still un withered, a change takes place which prevents its ever being fertilized. The apex of the column begins to curve over towards the stigma, pressing down the rostellum and pushing aside the side lobes (stelidia). The disc of the pollen and the anther become black and show sigus of decay. The red spots on the upper part of the column become paler, and the whole column more greenish coloured. The lip becomes duller and withers. In a few days the apex of the column is coiled up almost into the stigma, pressing the poUinia into the stigmatic mouth. Then the whole flower oommences to droop and wither.
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APOSTASIACEJE OF THB MALAY PENINSULA. 337
I believe that there is actual growth of the colnmn apex^ and this is borne out by the alteration in form of the spots on the npper part of the colnmn, which appear to lengthen as the colnmn cnrves over.
Removal of the pollinia does not arrest this growth.
The same growth takes place after fertilization, bnt much more rapidly. On November 27th, at 11 a.m., I fertilized two flowers with the pollen of each other. Next day, at 8.30 a.m., the colnmn was distinctly cnrved over and nearly concealed the stigma, and by noon the curving into the stigma was complete. Meanwhile the lower flowers on the raceme, which had been open for some days, had not commenced to alter ataU.
All the flowers I fertilized set f mifc, but those which were not so treated never did so, although their own pollen was pushed into the stigma by the incurving of the column.
I compared with this the action in the allied genus Gymhidum. In an unfertilized flower of C, aloifoUum, Sw., the column merely withers up and does not alter at all ; but on fertiliza- tion a rapid change takes place. The column increases to double its width — from 4^ ram. to 9 mm., and at the same time shortens about 2 mm. The part that enlarges is chiefly the front wall (venter). The whole length of the column in thus modified, and not merely the upper part, as in Oram' mcUophyUum,
In the latter orchid cross-fertilization is absolutely necessary,. and that within a few days after the flower opens. Accidental self-impregnation destroys the flower by setting up at once the growth of the column, which almost immediately prevents any possibility of any chms-fertilization by covering the stigma, and is itself incapable of producing fertilization. The advan- tage of the incurving of the column after fertilization is obvious ; for if, as often happens, the pollinia are not placed exactly on the stigmatic surface, the apex of the column forces them well into the stigma and covers them up in it. At the same time, the action in the unfertilized plant is absolutely injurious, for thereby the flower is rendered unable to set seed long before it is withered.
In Cymbidium, on the other hand, this action only com- mences on impregnation, so that the flower is fertilizable till
LINN. JOUBN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. Z
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338 MB. HSNKT EIDinBT ON OB0HII>BJB AND
it withers, while the fnll advantage of the incnrving of the column in pressing the pollinia into the stigma is received by the flower.
At the base of the scapes in QrammatophyUwm,^ there are always five or six monstrous flowers, the lowest quite at the base, the upper ones much more distant from each other than are the normal ones above. These monstroas flowers are quite sterile. Thej consist of two pairs of perianth segments, distinctly, though shortly, separated from each other, and exactly alternate, and a rudimentary column. The perianth segments of each pair are exactly opposite each other. They are longer, and narrower in proportion to their length, than those of the normal flowers (being 3 inches long by I^ inches broad, as opposed to 2 inches by 1} inches), and they are also much duller in colouring. The column faces one of the lower pairs, i.e.y it alternates with the upper pair. It is very much thinner laterally than that of a normal flower ; and the broad front face is reduced to a sharp edge. The upper part is dabbed. There is no trace of an anther ; but in one or two specimens I have seen a narrow linear process rising from the centre of the back of the column which is possibly a rudimentary filament. The stigma is very small, and almost entirely closed over, a minate hole only being visible on the front face. A section of the ovary shows fonr lobes, corre- sponding to the four perianth segpcnents ; and each has a single fibro- vascular bundle passing through it, except the front one, which has several bundles, and is indeed broader than the other lobes. One of these bundles supplies the front segment, the other the column.
The foot of the column is well marked in all the monstrouB flowers, but it is thin. There is no nectary, and no trace of the base of the lip.
Another monstrons flower consisted of two perianth segments only, very much smaller than those of the ordinary abnormal ones. These segments were opposite and distinctly separated, oblong obtuse.
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AP0STA8UCEA OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 389
DIPODIUM, E. Br.
D. PICTUM, Eeichb.f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 15 t. 107. Hdb. Singapore : common ; E!ranji, Chan Ghn Kang ! &o. Selangor: Klang! Malacca: common! Pahang: Taban Woods ! This is quite a common plant, but verj seldom flowers. It grows on the ground, ascending small trees, and clasping them quite round with its roots. It would be well worthy of cul- tivation if it were not such a shy flowerer, as the racemes are long and the flowers showy.
D. PALUDOSUM, Eeichh.f.^ Xefiia Orch., ii. p. 15. Hah. Malacca : Ayer Panas !
Perak: Wray, A much rarer plant than the preceding. Both species occur also in Bomea
BROMHEADIA, lindl.
B. PALUSTBis, LindL, Bot Beg. (1841) Misc.^ p. 89.
Ccdogyne caulescens, Oriff., Notul., iii. p. 282.
To the localities given for this in the * Journal of the Linnean Society,* zxviii. (1891) p. 387, 1 can add now Johore, at Batu Pahat ! and on Onnong Panti ! Perak, in the Bindings ! and at Thaiping Waterfall ! Kedah, on Kedah Peak ! and Legeh, at Tomoh ! These last two are the most northern localities I have any record of.
The specimen of Gcelogyne caulesceru, OrifE. in Herb. Lindl., consists of a portion of stem and rhachis of this plant, with two leaves of a Dracosnay probably D, temiflora, Roxb.
B. STLVESTKis, Bidl. in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (Bot), xxviii. (1891)
p. as7.
Again met with on Gunong Panti, in Johore, at 2,000 feet elevation.
B. ALTfCOLA, Bidl. in Joum. Linn. 8oe. (Bot.)^ xxviii. (1891) p. 338.
Occurs also on Mt. Ophir, in Malacca; and on the Tahan Biver, in Pahang.
z 2
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840 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
Bromheadia APOROiDES, E&ichh, /., Olia BoL Eamb., p. 44. Occurs on Mt. Ophir, and on Hermitage Hill, in Perak. There is a sketch of it among Scortechini's drawings.
I have three more species to add to this genns.
B. (§ Epiphytic-s) pungens, MdLj sp, nova. Caules 6-8 poll, longi, complanati, per totnm longitndinem foliati. Folia 4 polL longa, i poll, lata, disticha, ensiformia, complanata, rigida, pungentia, laete viridia. Bacemi 1 poll, longi, a bracteis lanceo- latis acotis brnneis fere omnino tecti. Flares explanati 1^ polL lati ; pedicelli 1^ poll, longi. Sepala 1^ poll, longa, lanceolata acuta, flavescentia. Petala sepalis angustiora, alba. Lahellwmr oblongum, album ; lobi laterales obscuri ; lobns medius explan- atus orispo-marginatufl, apice rotundato-emarginatus, basi canaliculatus, in medio a callo crasso lobato flavo ornatus. Columna ferme recta, supeme incrassata, in ventre plana virescenti-flava. Anthera oblonga, plana, apiculata, bilocnlaris,. flavescens; pollinia elliptica, pallida; discus semilunaris. Stigma transversim ellipticum.
Hah. Malacca : On trees at Mt. Ophir, 4,000 ped. alt.
This is even more like an Ajporum than B» aporoides, Beichb. f , The leaves are much longer and more pungent than in that species, and the lip is quite different in shape, the lateral lobes being very obscurely marked.
I brought live plants from Mt. Ophir, where it appears rare^ and flowered them in the Botanic Gardens at Singapore.
B. BREViPOLiA, BidL, sp, nova. Epiphytica. Caules plnres,. 6-8 poll, longi, congesti, complanati, per totam longitndinem foliati. Folia ^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, disticha, striata, coriacea, atroviridia; vagince striat®, breves. FUyres ^ poll, longi, e fasciculis bractearum terminales. Ovarium cum pedicello recto ^ poll, longum, rnbrura. Sepala ^ poll, longa,. ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata acuta, rosacea. Petala sepalis breviora, lanceolata, albescenti-flava. Lahellum cum petalis sub- aequilongum; lobi laterales lati, curvi, falcati, acuti, basi fasciculatim pilosi, albescenti-flavi ; discos purpureo-punctatns ; lobus medius ovatns, albus in medio flavus. ColiMnna gracilis,, alba; clinandrii margo bilobus. Capsula ultra ^ poll, longa, a columns, maroid^ coronata, ferme sessilis, supeme incrassata ; costee fertiles sterilibus triple latiores, in dorso teretes.
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Hah, Perak : On a fallen tree, Hermitage Hill ! Also Borneo : Sarawak, Dr. Haviland I
This has the stem and leaves of some species of Aporuniy snch as Dendrohtum (§ Aporum) nnuatum^ Lindl., and rather small reddish-yellow flowers springing from a taft of dry bracts at the end of the stem.
Bromheadla. kupestr[s, BidLy sp. nova. Terrestris. Catdes 5 ped. longi, f poll, lati, complanati. Folia 4 poll, longa, f poll, lata, lorata, lanceolata, apice inseqaaliter biloba rotandata, canalicnlata, carinata, tenuiter coriacea, atro-viridia ; yaginsd ^ poll, longae. Flores laterales nee terminales, 2-3 in canle ono dissiti, singnlatim expansi, snbcamosi. Ovarium cum pedioello ^ poll, longnm. Sepala 1 poll, longa, i poll, lata, lorata, lanceolata obtnsa, pallide flava mbro-tincta, nitida. Petala sepalis paullo breviora latiora, lanceolata, pallide citrina. LaheUum com sepalis ferme ssquilongnm; lobi laterales longi falcati acnti paullo elevati albi kermesino-nenrosi, medios caruosior lanceolatus flayescens kermesino-pnnctatus in mar- gine crispo-inyolatus ; hypochilii flayescentis discos a fascift mediauft eleyat& omatns. Columna semiteres, flaya, paollo carya, in yentre excayata rafara; clinandriam profnndum in margine rotandatnm.
Hab. Malacca : on rocks on Ounong Mering, a spar of the Ophir range, 4,000 feet alt. ! Eedah : Kedah Peak, 3,000 feet alt. !
This plant is remarkable for being the only species with lateral, not terminal, flowers. It forms a large tuft, with several tall stems, 5 feet or less in height. The lower leaves fall oft as the stem grows, so that the lower part is bare of all bnt the sheaths. The leaves are thicker than nsnal in the genas, and when dry are dark brown, wrinkled, and polished. The apices are very unequal, one being one-eighth of an inch longer than the other.
The flowers are rather fleshy, and, like those of the rest of the genus, do not preserye well. The sepals and petals are pale yellow tinted with red. The lip has the lateral lobes white with a few red streaks and spots, on the disc between them is a honey-colonred raised portion. The mid-lobe (epichil) is more fleshy in texture, honey-coloured with crimson dots, its sides are rolled np so as to meet in the middle line.
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342 MR. HENRT RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJB AND
Though the position of the flowers is qaite unlike that of the other species, jet as the plant snfficientlj resembles in habit the others, and the flower has just the same strnctore, it eannot be referred to any other genns. Of all the species it is nearesir to B. alHcolay Ridl.
LEUCOLENA, Ridl. L. OKNATA, Eidl, in Joum. Linn. 8oe. (Bot)^ xxviii. (1891) p. 340, t. 43. Hah. Malacca : Bnkit Sadanen !
POLTSTACHTA, Hook.
Polysfdchya is one of the very few epiphytic genera of orchids which are common to both hemispheres. The headquarters of the genus appears to be Africa. There are but few species in the East Indies ; but there are a number in the New World. The Malayan species are not only few in number but always scanty in individuals, so that it is not easy to get a good series of specimens for comparison. Three species are mentioned in the * Flora of British India ' ; two of these, P. WigJitiiy Heichb. f ., and P. purpurea^ Wight, belong to the simple-racemed series, and are apparently closely allied to P. liUeola, Hook. To these I have added P. singapurewis and P. namensis. The latter much resembles P. luteola^ Hook., if I am correct in referring to that species a plant I formerly collected in Pemambuco ; and it even more resembles a specimen received from Dublin Gkirdens, having been imported from Trinidad. It is quite possible that all these species, together with some others from the African region, will eventually be reduced to a single one. The chief differences lie in the form and proportions of the lip,
P. penangensis, sp. nov., belongs to the P. zeylanica group with a longer branched panicle. The development of the panicle is not a good sectional character, as there are inter* mediate forms between the simple raceme and panicled inflorescence in the African region. I am very doubtful as to the affinities of the genus, but as the pollinia usually at least possess an oblong pedicel, it is perhaps best to retain it in the neighbourhood of Cymbidiece. All are probably self -fertilized, as some species undoubtedly are, and this makes the form of the pollen masses and their pedicel often difficult to make out, for fertilization has begun before the flower opens.
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PoLTSTACHTA siNGAPUBBKSis, BidL^ ip. nova. BocUces crasso. Pseudo'hulbi ^ poll, longi, yetnsti globosi, arete approximati. FoUa 2-4, usque ad 4 poll, longa 1 poll, lata, insequalia lorata, apice ineoqualiter biloba, Isste yirentia. Eacemus 2 poll, longus, anceps, a yaginifl pap jraceiB dissitis fere usque ad flores teotus ; rhachis pubescens. Flores pauci, parvi, flayo-yirentes. BracieoB cum \ parte pedicelli fldquilonge, oyatas acuminataB, yirides. Sepala bullata, posticum lanceolatum, lateralia triangularia. Petala sepalis paullo breyiora, anguste spathulata. Lahelli lobi laterales longiusculi lineares falcati acuti, medius oyalis margine inyolutus apice subacutus decuryus, prsBter basin roseam flayescens, intus pulyerulentus. Golwrrma breyis, apice rosea; pes longus. Anihera galeata, obtusa, ferme bilocu- laris ; margo anticus profnnde emarginatus, quasi bilobus ; pollinia 4, semiglobosa, pulyerulenta ; rostellum nullum. Stigma magnum.
Hah. Singapore : Sungei Morai, on old low trees on the edge of a mangroye swamp, rare !
This plant I find to be cleistogamous. The rostellum being absent, the pollinia slip easily into the stigmatic cayity. The lip is longer than broad, and the mid-lobe is considerably longer than the narrow falcate lateral lobes. The plant is allied to P. purpureoy Wight; but that is said to haye purple flowers, and only a short median ridge furfuraceous on the lip ; whereas, in P. singapitrensis, the whole of the Hp is mealy within.
P. suMENSis, Bidl.y sp, nova, Piettdo-hulhi i poll, longi, conici, yetusti approximati. OavUs supra pseudo-bulbum I poll, longa. Folia usque ad 5 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lineari-lanceolata, disticha, inssquaHa, apice ineequaliter biloba. Bacemus yix 4 poll, longus ; pedunculus anceps, a yaginis arete appressis tectus. Flores e. 15, paryi, yirides. Bractece minim», basi oyatae, apice subulatas. PecUceUtts cum oyario i poll, longus. SepcUa prasina, posticum oyato-lanceolatum, lateralia postico multo majora triangularia acuta. Petala sepalis multo minora, cuneata, acuta, alba. LdbeUwn oboyatum, undique farinosum, album; lobi laterales paryi angusti falcati obtusi, medius rotundatus apice breyiter bifidus, margine sinuatus. Columna breyis; pes longiusculus, canaliculatua ; clinandrium yix depressum. Anthera lata, oyata, obtusa, margine antico
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recto integro; pollinia 4, elliptioa; discus oblongns, tenuis. J5U>8telliim planum, latum, bifidnm.
Hob, Siam : Pnngah, 0. GurHs!
This plant has mnch the habit and appearance of the Singapore species, P. singapurensisy but differs in the sepals not being bnllate, and in the form of the lip, which in this species has mnch shorter lateral lobes, and a broader rounded mid-lobe with sinuate edges.
POLTSTACHYA PBNANGENSis, lUdl.y sp, tiova. Pseudo-hidht 1 poll, longi, conici. Folia 5, 4 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, lanceolata sub- acuta, disticha, insequalia, apice insBqual iter biloba. PanicuLa 6 poll . longa, stricta, erecta ; vagina basalis 2 poll, longa ; rami 1 poll, longi. BraetecB cum ^ parte ovarii aequilongsB, lineari-setaceee. Flores parvi, bullati, flavescenti-virides. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia triangularia acuta. Petala sepalis multo minora pallidiorsc, spathulata, obtusa. LdbeUi lobi laterales breves ovati falcati, medius vix longior ovatus obtusus intus pubescenti-fiavus, in medio bmneo-lineatus. Golumna brevis, crassa. Anthera lata, oblonga; pollioia globosa. P. zeylamca^ Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1838) Misc., p. 78, pro parte?
Hab, Peuang : Government Hill !
This is allied closely to Lindlej's P. zeylanica, and may indeed be perhaps eventually reduced to a form of the Ceylon plant. The lip, however, seems to me different in form. Lindley's description, I.e., included both the Ceylon species and the Dendrohiwm polystachys^ Thou., Orch. Afr., t. 85, that is, Polystachya mauritianaj Spreng., Syst., iii, p. 742.
SuBTBiBB SABGANTHEJU.
This large section of VandecB is a clearly-marked one ; dis- tinguished by its habit, absence of pseudo-bulbs, coriaceous narrow leaves, and lateral inflorescence. 1 would, however, exclude from it the South American genera Lockhariia (an Oncidea with the habit of an Aporum) and GetUropetalum and Pachyphyllum (though the former of these has certainly the habit of Adenoncos), -which seem to me to form a distinct group. The section thus curtailed is, with the exception of two American genera, closely allied to Angrcectim (Dendrophylax
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and Gampylocentron), confined to tropical and snbtropical Asia, and to Africa. The section can be 9ubdiyided into the Ecalcaratm and GalcarcUoB ; according to the presence or absence of a spnr; and the latter again according to the presence or absence of a foot to the colnmn.
Of the spnrless genera Luisia^ Gottonia^ Adenoncos (which, by some accident, has been mixed np in some books with MicrosaccuSy a genns closely allied to Saccolahiumy if, indeed, it should not be merged in it) form a group characterised by the narrow, nearly entire, flat lip^ Luisia is disl>ingaished by its terete leaves ; Adenoncos has them narrowly lanceolate and very thick; and Gottonia has the broader, flattened leaves common to many other genera in the section. Esmeralda is a good genns, with a spnrless lip, two small lateral lobes, and a broad epichil. E, Gathcartiy Reichb. f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 39, and E. GlarJcei, Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. (1886) ii. p. 552, belong to it ; and I am inclined to refer to it also Vanda Sanderiana^ Beichb. f., on account of the peculiar form of the lip, which is very unlike that of a typical Vanda^ and much more like that of Esmeralda, V. cristata^ Lindl., and V, aljpina^ Lindl., are certainly nearer to Esmeralda than to Vanda.
Stauropsisy Beichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenz., xvi. (1860) p. 117 (Xenia Orch. ii. p. 7 ?), was a genus founded by Beichenbach to include Trichoglottis paUens, Lindl., from Manila, a little- known plant; 8. vtolacea, Beichb. f. (possibly PhaUenopsii violaceay Teysm. and Binn.) ; and Trichoglottis philippinensiSy Lindl., one of Cuming's Philippine plants. To these Bentham added (Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI., iii. p. 572) Fieldia lisso- chiloideSy Gaudich., Vanda gigantea, Lindl., Vanda unduUtta^ Lindl., and Trichoglottis fasciata, Beichb. f.
The original three seem to belong to the genus PhaUsnopsis ; while, of the remainder, Fieldia and Vanda gigantea, Lindl., with probably F. undulataj Lindl., form a good genus, characterised by the fleshy trilobed lip with erect short lateral lobes, and a callus at the base of the epichil with a depression in the middle of the lip and short stout column. Gaudichaad's name, Fieldia^ is preoccupied, so that another name is wanted for this genus; and I would suggest that Bentham's generic name of Stauropsis should be retained for this.
Trichoglottis fasciata^ Beichb. f., differs from Trichoglottis^ Blume, in the absence of a spur, and from Stauropsis in the
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spreading lateral lobes of the aonte terminal lobe, and tbe absence of calli. Tbe habit is that of Esmeralda Clarkei^ Reichb. f . It is so distinct from all other genera known to me that it shonld, I think, form the type of a distinct genns, and for this plant I would suggest the generic name of Staurochilus, Blinding to the cross-shaped lip.
The remaining genera of spnrless Sarcanthece are FhaloBnopstSy DorittSy and Biploprara.
In Acampey which has sometimes been referred to the genus Saccolahium, the spur is reallj so slightly developed that some of the species might well be referred to the spurless group. I do not see any good reason for merging it in Saccolahxwn^ as has been done in the ' Flora of British India.'
8arcanthe<B CalcaratcB,
I have classed as spurred Sarcanths, all in which the labellum is so depressed that a protuberance is formed on the under side, t.«., the morphological under-side. The dimensions, form, and position of the spur vary very much in the different genera. The greater part of the East Indian species, being fertilized by Diptera or Hymenoptera, have short spurs, while those of Africa and America, being fertilized by Lepidoptera, have long spurs.
It would appear at first sight that the position of the spur, i,e.y whether epichilary or hypochilary, would be of value in classifying the genera, but I have found it often so difficult to determine where the hypochil ends and the epichil begins that I am quite unable at present to utilise this as a differential point.
The variations in the direction of the spur in the open flower are very remarkable. In Trichoglottu and Rhynchostylts it points backwards in a horizontal direction, parallel to the plane of the lamina of the lip, and at right angles to the column. In Benanthera and Saccolabimn it is vertical ; while in Sarcoehtlus it points forwards, lying in a plane at right angles to the column.
The whole section can be divided into those which have a foot to the column and those which have not ; the latter include the larger number.
The subsection ApodcB includes the Benanthera group, Benan- ihera, Benantherella, Vanday with large or conspicuous flowers and
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APOSTASUCBii OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 347
a abort, usually vertical, spur ; Bhynchostylu and PelatarUheriaj with a horizontal laterally flattened broad spur ; TrichoglotHsj with a terete horizontal spur ; and the Scuxolabiwn group, with small flowers, with usually a comparatively small epichil and a longer or shorter dependent spur. This includes Sdccolahium^ 8chomorchi8j Mtcroioccmy TceniophyUumy Cleisoitomoj Sarcanthtu, and Gri/ptochUus. These genera are all somewhat closely allied, and it might perhaps be more satisfactory to merge some of them in Saccolabivm, From this latter genus I have excluded Acampe for reasons given above. The other sections, as laid down in the * Flora of British India,' I have retained. The flrst four genera have no callus, either epichilary or hypochilary , on the lip. The greater number of the SaccolMum have a small, often minute, epichil, but the section Calceolaria (which might perhaps be kept as a distinct genus) has a lai^, rounded epichil, and the lateral lobes meet in the middle line so as to wall off the epichil from the broad, basin-shaped spur. SchomorchU is a Saccolahium^ with well-developed stelidia, M%Cfro9accu9 and Tosniophylla more distinct in habit than anything else. In Cleisottama and 8arcanthu$ there are well-developed calli. The distinctions between the two genera are laid down under Gleisostoma, GryptochUua is a remarkable plant, which stands quite alone.
The remaining group of this subsection is that of the AngroBca^ none of which occur in our region as far as is yet known. Nearly all are long- spurred, with an entire lip (except Oryptopus and one or two Angrceca), and many have the pollinia on separate pedicels, which rarely, if ever, occurs in the other g^ups.
The SarcanthecB calcaratcej with a foot to the column, include the genus Airides and several others included under the poly- morphic genus Sarcochilus, which, however, has been broken up into sections by several authors, of which clearly the following, at least, should be kept distinct generically, GucuUa^ Fomtcaria, and Tuhera,
Cnculla has a compressed rhachis with persistent distichous bracts and a saccate lip. The oldest generic name for any species included in it is Loureiro's Thrixspermum^ which name I propose to retain for it. A very curious and rare little plant was described in the *' Flora of British India ' as the representa- tive of a new section, Bidleya ; a rather puzzling plant, as it
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348 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJJ AND
has an evident aflSnity with Thnxspermum, bnt has the short stem of a SwrcochiluSy an entire lip, and apparently no foot to the coliunn, to which the sides of the lip are adnate. I believe that in reality the column has a foot, bnt it is adnate to the sides of the lip, and, excepting by the arrangements of the nerves, is indistinguishable from it. Perhaps it would be best to leave it as a distinct genus, as Sir Joseph Hooker appears inclined to do.
Fomicaria has a thickened terete rhachis with persistent quaquaversal ovate acute bracts. The lip is saccate, with a small epichil (usually), and the side lobes are often rolled up so as to give the lip a trumpet shape.
The oldest name for any species of this genus is Blume's Bendrocolla, which, however, included Thrtxspermum as well. Reichenbach's Orosourdya, Bot. Zeit., xxii. (1864) p. 297, was made to include several of this section, but the type of the genus, O. elegans, seems to be a very different plant. Thwaites's GylindrochiluSy Enum. PI. Zeyl., p. 307, belongs to the same genus, but it will cause less change to adopt Blume's old name.
In these genera the rhachis of the inflorescence grows veiy slowly, the flowers opening at considerable intervals of time, so that as much as a week may elapse between the opening of two consecutive flowers, and the whole inflorescence may take months to develop all its flowers. The blossoms are very fugacious, so that it is impossible for one to be fertilized by another on the same raceme.
Sarcochilus I would propose to retain for the section Tuhera, Blume, and of the * Genera Plantarum * for the most part, to include all the species with a long foot to the column, a porrect spur, with a small, often fleshy, epichil.
AscoCHiLUS I would propose as the name for a small genus in which the column has a very long foot, on the end of which is borne the lip, far from the body of the column. The spur is pendulous, rather long, with large lateral lobes, and a well-developed, sometimes bilobed epichil.
In these two genera the inflorescence usually, at least, develops rapidly, so that several flowers may be open at once, and frequently all are open on the same day.
Stereochtlus, Lindl., Micropera, Lindl. (Cama/rotiej Lindl.), Ghiloschistay Inndl., seem to me distinct. They do not occur in our region as far as is at present known.
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LUISIA, Gandich.
L. TRiSTis, Hook. /., Fl. Brit Ind., vi. p. 25.
Hah. Penang : Penara Bukit, Curtis !
Sepals white, blotched with pink. Petals white, tipped rose. Lip deep blackish purple, with a whitish V-shaped line between the oblong narrow hypochil and the much broader ovate epichil.
L. ANTENNiPERA, Blume, Bumphta, iv. p. 50. Hah, Pahang : Pulan Ghengi, Pahang River !
Perak: Scortechini, Climbing on branches of low bashes, or small trees in thickets in open country.
L. BBACHYSTACHYS, Blume, RumpJita, iv. p. 50.
Hah. Siam : On trees by the river at Ghirbee, GurHa !
Lankawi Isles : Curtis ! Sepals and petals greenish with violet edges ; lip violet purple.
L. TERETiFOLiA, Oaudich., in Freyc. Voff, Bot., p. 427 t. 37. Hah, Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr Keith !
ADENONCOS, Blume.
A. viRiNS, Blume, Bijdr,, p. 381. Humilis, 2-6-pollicaris. Caules suberecti. Folia 1 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lineari- oblonga acuta, supeme sulcata, camosa, recurva, mgosa; vaginae vetustsB transversim mgosaB. Bacemi brevissimi, 3-4-flori, flexuosi. Fhres parvi, virides, odorati, explanati. Bractece ^ poll. longsB, ovat» ; pedicelli -^ poll, longi. Sepala lanceolata acuminata, lateralia subfalcata. Petala sepalis breviora angustiora; sepala petala IsBte viridia. LaheUum integrum, late cordatum, subacutum, camosulum, viride, basi a callo oblongo granulato auctum. Oolumna brevis, crassa, alba ; stelidia parva, obscura ; clinandrium baud profundum. Anthera unilocularis, galeata, apice prolongata; pollinia 4, globosa, fiava; caudiculus linearis, ad discum ovatum majusculum junctus; rostellum brevissimum. Stigma grande, oblongum* Microsaccus virens, Hook, f, Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 77.
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Hah. Singapore : Kranji, Ac. ! Common on trees in man- grove swamps. Selangor : Pataling, near Kwala Lnmpnr ! Perak : Scortechini. Also occurs in Java. This little plant is common on mangroves, and occurs also in damp forests, on branches of trees. It has a strong scent of Friar's Balsam.
The leaves described as trigonous are only so when the plant is dried. During life they are very thick and deeply channelled above, but not really trigonous. The lip is quite entire ; I see no trace of the short lateral lobes of the other species. At the base is a low oblong mass of papillsB. The anther is helmet- shaped, with a distinct blunt beak. The pollinia are not sessile on the pedicel, but each pair is borne on a short, distinct stalk, which is affixed to the pedicel a short way from the end. The stigma is very large and occupies nearly the whole of the face of the very short column.
Adenoncos major, Ridl.y sp, nova, Caules 6-10 poll, longi, subflexuosi. Folia 2-3 poll, longa, f poll, lata, lorata, obtusa, camoso-coriacea, apice inssqualiter biloba; vagin» \ poll. longaB, rugossB. Floras sessiles, axillares, singuli, virides. BractecB 3, ovatse, coriacesB, ovaria tegentes. Sepala ^ poll, longa, ovato-Ianceolata acuta. Petala sepalis multo minora, linearia, acutae. LaheUum cuneatum, obovatum, camosum ; lobi laterales minuti, medius apice rotundatus obtusissimus excavatus, carina basi papillosus, sub apice parvi-mucronatus. Gapsula ^ poll, longa, oblonga ; costsB f ertiles late, sterilibus latiores.
Hah, Johore : Batu Pahat !
Pahang : Eota Glanggi, on limestone rocks ! Kedah : Kedah Peak !
This much resembles A, vireus, Blume ; but the whole plant is very much larger, the leaves broader, longer, and of a different shape. The lip is rounded at the apex, and has distinct though minute lateral lobes. The petals, too, are much narrower. The sepals and bracts are full of bundles of white raphides.
A. parviflora, Bidl,, sp, nova, Caules 2-4 poll, longi, suberecti, per totam longitudinem foliati; radices tenues. Folia 1 poll, longa, linearia acuta, crassa camosa, in dorso convexa, supeme canaliculata, recurva ; vaginsB rugosae. Florei
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APOSTASUCEii OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 351
xninimi, sessiles. Bractece minim», ovato. Sepala vix ^ poll, longa, ovato-oblonga acuta. Petala sepalis breviora angnstiora, linearia ; sepala petala ochrea. LabeUum sepalis brevins, ovatum acntum, camosnm; lobi laterales breyes obtnsi erecti, medins ovatns acatns ezcayatiis atro-parpureos. Golumna brevissima, crassa, alba; clinandrii margo band elevatns. BoHeUum bilobum; lobi paralleli, rotundati. Oaptula j- poll, longa, elliptica, a perianthio marcido coronata ; costsa f erme seqnales.
Hah. Selangor: Kwala Lumpur, on trees at the limestone caves, H, J. KeUaU !
This cnrions little plant seems a connecting link between Luisia and Adenoncos, The leaves are very narrow and fleshy, 80 as to be nearly terete. The lip has two little anricnlar lateral lobes and an obscnre distinction between the hjpochil and epichil. It has also the deep purple colour of that of most of the Luisice; in other respects it resembles the other Adenonci.
STAUROPSIS, Beichb. f.
S. GiGANTBUS, Benth, ex Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind.^ vi. p. 27. Hah. Lankawi Islands : 0, Curtis !
Siam : Tonka ! (Native coUector) ; Pulau Eendong !
Pungah, Curtis.
Collectors say this plant grows on the rocks. The stem is
much shorter than that of 8. lissochiloides, Pfitzer, which
attains a height of over 6 feet. Mr. Curtis saw a plant at
PuDgah with 50 flower spikes.
STAUROCHILUS, Ridl., gen. nov.
S. PASCJATUS, Ridl. Trichoglotbis fasdata, Reichb. f . in Gard. Chron. (1872) p. 699.
Hah. Siam : Tonka ! Pulau Rendong ! (Native collector.) Lankawi : Terutan, C. Curtis !
It is commonly stated in horticultural books that this is a native of the Philippines. I have not seen any thence. It is often cultivated in Singapore on trees, where it climbs like a BenatUhera and flowers annually. The flowers last a long time and are very sweetly scented.
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352 MR. HENRT BIDLET OK OBCHIDEA AND
PHAli^NOPSIS, Blnme.
P. CoRNU-CERn, Blume et Beichb. /. in Hamb.^ Oartenz,, xvi, (1860) p. 116. Hah. Selangor : Telebu, Davison !
Perak: Scortechini,
Siam : Bangtapban, Dr. Keith !
P. viOLACEA, Teysm. et Binn. in Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., xxiv. (1862) p. 320.
Hob. Perak : Kinta district !
Also occurs in Borneo and Sumatra.
The locality, Singapore, given (Warner, * Orch. Album,* iv. t. 182) must be a mistake, the plant being imported here. The figure represents the var. Murtoni.
I have seen two examples of a hybrid found in a wild state in Perak, between this and the last.
P. SUMATRANA, KoHh. et Boichh. f. in Hanib. Oartenz., xvi. (1860) p. 115. P. uehrina^ Teysm and Binn., PI. Cult, in Hort. Bogor., p. 320. Hob. Johore : Batu Pahat (Natite collector !)
P. MUSCICOLA, Eidl. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 373. Hah. Pahang : Tahan River !
P. KuNSTLERi, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 30. Hah. Perak : Kunstler !
P. PUSCATA, Beichb. /. in Oard. Chron. (1874) ii. p. 6. Hah. " Malayan Peninsula " : Hort. Bull. I know no more than the somewhat inadequate description quoted above.
P. Esmeralda, Beichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1874) ii. p. 582.
Hah. Lankawi Islands : 0. Curtis ! Kedah : Setul, Dr. Ellis !
P. ALBOVIOLACEA, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc.y Ser. II. {Bot.) iiL (1893) p. 373.
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APOSTASlACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 353
Hah. Lankawi Islands : Ourtis !
Pulau Tioman : W, Nanson ! Malacca : Bukit Bankong, E. Berry !
RENANTHERA, Lour.
R. Arachnites, Lindl., Oen. et Sp. Orch,, p. 217. Arachnanthe moschifera, Blmne, Rumphia, iv. p. 55, t. 196, 199. Hah. Perak: Kinta !
Also Borneo !
linn JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 A
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354 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE* AND
This occurs in great abundance in open country usually near the sea. On Pulau Selitar (a very small island in the Jobore Strait) it clambers over the thickets, sending down a dense curtain of roots.
Renanthbrjl angustifolia, Hooh, /., Fl. Brit. Ind,, vi. p. 49, Ic. PI, t. 2128.
Hah, Perak : Qunong Batu Putih, Wray !
R. ELONGATA, Litidl., Oen, et 8p. Orch., p. 218.
JR. micrantTMy Blume, Mus. Bot., i. 60.
Hob. Singapore : Rocks on the sea coast on Pulau Ubin ! Johore : Kwala Batu Pahat, Kelsall ! Perak : Bindings, near Lumut ! Penang: Government Hill, Our^w.'
This usually grows straggling over rocks by the sea, and produces abundantly its horizontal panicles of innumerable cinnabar red flowers. It flowers every two or three months, and lasts long in bloom.
The natives call it ''FoTco Api-Api SesuduV '' Apt- Apt'' signifies a parasite, especially a Loranthus, Suduh {Sesuduk is Siiduk'Suduk) is a spoon or a kris, possibly referring to the shape of the lip. The whole flower is of a dark cinnabar red except the white calli, a white spot at the base of the mid-lobe and a yellow crest to the anther. The lip is pinched in at the upper part of the spur, so that the two lateral lobes meet, leaving only a narrow slit as an entrance. The spur is dilated at the apex and full of nectar, a very different arrangement to that of the other species, which have an open spur narrowest at the apex without any nectar. The pollinia are elliptic, the caudicle oblanceolate narrowed in the middle, and the gland ovate blunt and rather large. The rostellum projects a little from the clinandrium floor; it is thin, and shortly bifid. There is a raised lump in the middle of the clinandrium.
RENANTHERBLLA, Ridl., genus nov.
Scandens. Caules graciles. Folia lineari-lanceolata, semi- teretia, acuminata, pungentia. Racemi breves, graciles ; rhachis flexuosa. Flores parvi, pauci, remoti. Sepala oblanceolata obtusa, lateralia obliqua. Petala sepalis angus- tiora, linearia. Labellum Eenantherce ; lobi laterales oblongi
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APOSTASUCB^ OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 355
erecti; medins linearis recnrms basi a callis 2 qnadratis omatns; calcar breve conicnm. Golumna elongata, gracilis, arcnata; clinandHimi conyexnm; stelidia breria, rotnndata. Anthera conica, margine retnso ; poUinia 2 elliptica, spathulata ; pedicellns latns, oblanceolatus ; discos latns oblongo-qnadratas. Gapsala 1^ poll, longa, obconica.
Renanthbrella histbioniga, Eidl, Caules 2 ped. longi. Folia 3 poll, longa, supeme canalicnlata, patentia, crassa, atro-viridia. Bacemi 4 poll, longi ; bracte» breves, ovatad, acut», amplexi- canles. Sepalum posticmn erectnm, lateralia postico breviora latiora convexa obliqna sab labello posita. Petala obtnsa, ut sepala flava mbro-macnlata mbro-marginata. Labellnm sepalis mnlto brevius, 3-lobnm; lobi laterales flavi mbro-macnlati, apice rotnndati marginibus rectis, medins lateralibns brevior flavns callis pallidis. Golumna yirescens mbro-marginata. Ovarium elongatnm, gracile. Benanthera histrionica^ Beichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1878) p. 74; Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 49.
Hah. Singapore : Sirangoon, in a mangrove swamp ! Malacca : Mt. Opbir, on trees !
This cnrions plant was described by Beiohenbach from a plant of unknown locality cultivated in Day's (harden, and referred to the genns Benanthera^ with which indeed it has much in common. Bnt beside the habit, utterly unlike that of an ordinary Benanthera^ it has an elongate, graceful, arched column, quite peculiar in the Sarcanthece. It is an epiphyte, scrambling on tree branches, to which it clings by its long) white, stout, cylindrical roots. The narrow, fleshy, half-terete leaves, sharply pointed, are of a dark, dnll green. The slender racemes bear a few flowers, opening but two or three at a time, of an orange yellow, with Indian red blotches. It flowers several times in the year.
VANDA, B. Br.
V. Hookebiana, Beichb, /. in Bonplandia^ iv. (1856) p. 324. Hob. Johore : Batu Pahat, Lake and KeUaU !
Perak: Kinta! A terrestrial plant growing among bushes in swamps. The flowers vary very much in colour and size. It is commonly cultivated in Singapore under the name of the Kinta Weed.
2 A 2
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356 MB. HENRT RIOLET ON 0BCHIDEJ5 AND
This species is peculiar among the trae Vandas from the absence of a spnr, a mere depression representing it. It might be better to exclude it from the genns. It has, however, been successfully crossed here with F. teres, Lindl., a spurred species producing a remarkably handsome offspring, F. x Miss Joaquim.
Vanda teres, Lindl. in Wall. Oat., n. 7324. Hah. Siam : Tonka {Native collector) !
This locality is hardly within our borders ; I record it as the most southern known for the species.
RHYNCHOSTTLIS, Blume.
R. RETUSA, Blume, Bijdr., p. 286. t. 49.
Hab. Southern Siam : C. Curtis !
I have it on Mr. Boxall's authority (himself the introducer of the species) that Saccolahivmi littorale, Beichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1881) ii. p. 198, is the same plant as Rhyncostylis retusa, Blume.
B. GiOANTEA, Bidl. Saccoldbium giganteum^ lindl., Oen. et Sp. Orch., p. 221.
Hah. Singapore : at Selitar, on a big Dipterocarpous tree !
Pulau Aor, an island off the east coast of Johore (native) !
This is commonly imported by natives from tbe more distant islands, Tambilan, &c. A single plant found with Dendrohium Balhousieanum, Wall., in Singapore, is the only known record from the peninsula.
The white flowered form is as commonly introduced here as tbe pink-spotted one.
TRICHOGLOTTIS, Blume.
T. RETUSA, BluTne, Bijdr., p. 360. fig. 8.
Hah. Selangor : Kwala Lumpur, on limestone rocks, Kelsall !
Pahang : Kota Glanggi, caves !
Siam: Pulau Bendong (native dealers !).
Also occurs in Borneo ! and Java. Tbis plant agrees with Blume's figure and description as far as they go. It is a tall, stout plant, about 3 feet in length,
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AP08TASUCEJG OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 357
with thick, broad, blnnt, emarginate leaves, the sheaths of which are reticnlatelj ribbed when dry. The flowers are solitary, on slender pedicels, orange yellow with red spots, the lip white and pubescent. They are abont an inch across.
The Bomean form nsnally has shorter leaves, and looks a very different plant, but I see no difference in the flowers.
Tbichoqlottis scaphioera, Bidly sp. nova. Oaulis 2 ped. longns, gracilis. Folia 3 poll, longa, \ poll, lata, lanceolata acnta, snbpetiolata, coriacea; vaginsB ^ poll. longsB, longitndi- naliter costatae. Flores singoli, e basi internodorum orti. Bra^eteca 3-4, ovatse, parvsB; pedicelli ^ poll, longi, graciles. Sepala ^ poll, longa, oblanceolata obtnsa, camosa, minnte pnbesoentia. Petala similia. Labdlum petalis brevins, basi cymbif orme ; lobi laterales breves, obtusi, basi a callo hispido elongate omati ; lobns medius 3-lobns, lacinies laterales lineares obtusse, medi& longior ; discus a callo maximo pnbes- cente notatns. Oohimna brevis, crassa, labello adnata; stelidia erecta, elongata, hispida, antheram hand saperantia; clinandrii margo in dorso hispidns. Anthera ovata, rostrata, pnbescens; pollinia 2, elliptica, transversim sulcata; candi- cnlns late linearis; discos com caadicnlo snbeoqnilongns, oblongos.
Hah, Penang : Gk>yemment Hill, Curtis (n. 1964) !
This has the base of the lip formed into a boat, hispid withiu, and bearing a hispid callus in the middle. Two small earlike processes represent the lateral lobes. The mid-lobe has a very large pubescent lump in the centre, and two narrow, linear lobes, one on each side, shorter than the terminal one.
T. TETRACERAS, Bidl, sp. Hova, Caulis ultrapedalis, ^ poll, crassus. FoUa 3 poll, longa, ultra ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata, coriacea (sicca 5-co8tata), valde insequaliter biloba lobo longiore acuto; vagine 1 poll, long®, costatsB. Flores \ poll, lati, singuli, foliis (semper ?) oppositi, camosi ; pedunculi brevissimi, pedicelli \ poll, longi. Sepala oblongo-obovata. Petala sepalis minora, ligulata, obtusa. Lahellum horizoutale ; lobi laterales breves dentiformes; lobi 2 postici multo longiores; lobus medius lanceolato-ovatussubobtusus; cariD8e2, e lobis anticis ort», inter lobos posticos in callo pubescente terminatae ; calcar pendulum, acnminatam, obtusum ; callus elongatus, camosus, elongatus, in ore lineari - truncatus.
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^58 MR. HENRT BIDLET ON OBCHIDEJB AND
Columna breris, crassa ; steb'dia breyia, dentil ormia ; rostellom breye, distincte bilobnm ; pollinia globosa ; caudicolus linearis.
Hah. Lankawi : Goa Chirita, Ourtts, n. 2817 !
This species is allied to T, quadneomuta, Knrz, of the Nicobar Islands, bat differs in the entire, not bifid terminal lobe of the lip and the two ridges mnning from the posterior horns, and meeting at the base of the epichil in the form of a pubescent callus.
ACAMPE, Lindl.
A. PENANOUNA, EtcU.f sp. nova. Gaulis brevis, crassns. FoUa 7 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, lorata, valde rigide coriacea, ecarinata, apice vix biloba. Racemus 2| poll, longus ; pedun- culns crassns, teres; vaginfis annnliformes. Bractece ovatad, obtus89, cncnllatsB. Flores mediocres, snbcorymbosi, camosi ; ovarium cum pedioello ^ poll, longpim, crasse cjlindricnm. Bepala \ poll, longa, \ poll, lata, late oblongo-oboyata, obtnsa, flava in dorso dense sangnineo-macnlata ; pagina interior sangninea transversim f asciata. Petala cum sepalis soqnilonga soncoloria, angnstiora, spathulata, obtusa. Lahellum petalis panllo longius, ecalcaratum ; lobi laterales elongati cnrvi obtusi erecti orassi fiavi mbro-3-striati, medios ovatns snbacntus crassns canalicnlatns ; discus inter lobos laterales pnbescens. Columna brevis, yalde crassa, conica, flava, basi a 2 costis semicircularibns rosaceis omata; clinandrinm planum, in margine hand elevatum. Anthera late ovata, apice obtusa; rostrum parvum; pollinia seniglobosa; candicnlus linearis angustatns ; discus ovalis ; stelidia minuta, erecta, dentiformia. Btigma grande, latum; rostellum deflexum bifidum, lobis acutis dentiformibus.
Hah. Penang : Government Hill, G. Curtis !
This is allied to Acampe longifolia^ Lindl., Fol. Orchid. Acampe, p. 1 (i.e., Vanda multiflora^ Lindl., Collect. Bot., t. 38), a native of Tenasserim ; but has no spur.
SACCOLABIUM, Blume.
S. (§ Micbanthj:) pebpusillum. Hook. /., Fl. Brit Ind,y vi. p. 56, et Ic. PI, t. 2129 A.
Hah. Singapore: Mangrove swamps ; EIranji! SungeiBuloh! Common on branches of trees.
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AFOSTASUCEiE OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 359
This very curious little plant was figured and described from dried specimens, and, as the flowers are so minute and difficult of analysis when dry, additional remarks are requisite to explain their structure. The flowers are snow white, turning rather bright yellow before withering, and have the scent of cucumbers, so common in Saccolahium, They are, when alive, hardly as pubescent as shown in the ' Icones ' ; in fact, they are rather minutely papillose. The sepals have a very faint violet streak on the outside. The lip has been flattened out in the figure above quoted. During life the sides are raised and concave, forming the lateral lobes; the *' fleshy subcordate appendage " is the median lobe (epichil). There are no calli to the lip, but the entrance to the spur, which is full of nectar, is partially closed by the long beak of the anther and the viscid disc of the pollinia and the rostellnm. The column is bright green, and the anther yellow. The latter is rounded on the top, and in front ends in a long, broad beak abruptly upcurved. The pollinia are globose, on a lineai* pedicel, which stands at an obtuse angle, with an equally long linear disc which, indeed, is prolonged beyond the insertion posticously as well as anticously. When the pollinia are removed from the column, the pedicel bends gradually down till it lies flat in the same plane with the disc. The rostellar arms are very long and drawn out into fine points, and stand nearly erect, being bent up at an angle with the base. The clinandrinm is fairly deep, and has two little dentiform stelidia, one on each side. From its structure I imagine this flower must be fertilized by some small species of moth.
SACOOLAfiiUM (§ Micranthje) misebum, Eu2Z., sp. nova. Cau li ultra-pedalis, 1 poll, crassns, rigidus. Folia 5 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, patentia vel recurva, coriacea, in»qualiter biloba ; vagin® f poll. long8B, ore oblique. Bacemi brevissimi, 3-4-flori, e basibus vaginarum protrusi. Flores minimi, flavescentes. Sepcda elliptico-ovata, vel ovata, lateralia paullo majora. Petala sepalis minora, lanceolato-oblonga. Lahelli lobi laterales parvi, oblongo-quadrati iruncati erecti oblongi, medius ovalis obtusus porrectus basi a callo minuto omatus ; calcar breve, incurvum conicum, obtusum. Columna brevis, crassa; stelidia brevia, ovalia, obtnsa. Anthera depressa.
Hah. Penang: Government Hill, G. Curtis, (n. 2184)! Lanka wi Islands : 0. Curtis !
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A straggling, stiff plant with very short racemes of small and inconspionous flowers of a yellow colour, with a pinkish tint at the month of the spur.
Saccolabium tenuicaule, Hooh /., Fl. Brit Ind,, vi. p. 64. Hah. Penang : Government Hill, West Hill, Curtis ! Perak: Scorteehini,
S. (§ MiCRANTHJc) LuisiFOLiUM, Ewtt., «p. fiova. Cwulis Iji ped. longns ; radices elongatse, crassse, teretes, grisesB. Folia 12 pol]. longa, ferme ^ poll, crassa, plarima, subteretia, canalicnlata, atroviridia. Ea^cemus 6 poll, longns, gracilis, ramis 2. Bractecp remotae, minutee, oyatae, acntsB. Flores plnres, panri; pedioelli J poll, longi, rubri. Sepala oblongo-ovata, obtnsa, rosea obscure maculata. Petala sepalis minora, oblongo-obtusa, rosea obscure maculata. Lahellum cum sepalis subsBquilongnm, albo-hyalinum ; lobi laterales majusculi rotundati, medius cymbiformis acutus in utroque latere a lacinii pary& ]ineari auctus. Galcar sigmoi- deum, obtusnm, cum pedicello soquilongum. Oolumna alta, alba. Anthera ovata ; rostrum longum ; pollinia parva, globosa, canaliculata ; caudiculns longus, tenuis, apice spathulatus; discus rotundatns, minutns; rostellum longum, basi latum, apice gracillimum. Stigma longum, latum, profundum.
Hah. Siam : Pungah, G. Curtis !
A slender plant with something of the habit of a Luisia and very small flowers in few-branched slender panicles. The rostellum, which is very long, appears to arise very far down the column. The leaves are nearly terete.
S. (§ MiCRANTHJc) FLAVEOLUM, Bidl, sp. nova, Caulis 1 ped. longus, vix ^ poll, crassus; radices long®, teretes. Folia 3 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, coriacea; vagin® f poll. longSB. Bacemi 2-3 poll, longi, basi nudi teretes ; rhachis incrassata, sursum flexa. Bractem parvae, ovatse, acutee, persistentes. Flores plures, singulatim expansi ; pedicelli J poll, longi. Bepala oblonga, obtusa, flavescentia in dorso rubro-carinata. Petala minima, oblonga, acuta, obliqua. LaheVU lobi laterales lati quadrato-rotnndati, medius brevissimus triangularis ; callns linguiformis ; calcar f poll, longum, oalceiforme, obtusum. Columna crassa, brevis, subqaadrangularis ; clinandrium pro- fundum. Bostellum longum, sursum curvum, integrum, canali- culatum. Anthera tenuis, ovata, rostrata ; pollinia 2, globosa ; caudiculns tenuis, linearis.
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APOSTASUCEA OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 361
Hah, Kedah Peak : (Native collector), C. Curtis, Aug., 1893.
Flowers waxy, dull yellowish, small. This was brought down from Kedah Peak by a native collector to Mr. Cnrtis, who flowered it at Penang. It is a very inconspicaons plant, allied to 8. penangiantim, Hook, f .
Saccolabiijh (§ Micbanthje) fissum, Bidl, sp, nova, Caules crassi ; radices longsB, rigidsB, albsB. Folia 4 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lorata, crasse coriacea, carinata, canaliculata, atroviridia pnrpnreo-maculata, apice profonde biloba acuta. Bacemus 3 poll . longus, basi (vaginis paucis ezceptis) nudus ; rhachis brevis, crassa, teres. Flores J poll, lati, plures, dissiti, camosuli; pedicelli cum ovariis j poll, longi, rosei. Bractece cum ovarii triente sequilongee, ovatae, brunese. Sepala ovata, subacuta, alba. Petala sepalis breviora, linearia, alba. Lahellum album ; lobi laterales breves erecti obtusi, medius oblongo-ovatus obtusns; macula in utroque lobo laterali violacea; lobi medii discus violaceus, basi a callo hemisphserico albo auctus. Cdlcar breve, obtusum, pendulum, crassiusculum, cum -^ parte ovarii aaqnilongum. Columna brevissima, crassa; stelidia obscura, rotundata, incurva. Anthera ovata, rostrata, flava, in line& mediant violacea; pollinia ovata oblonga, aurantiaca; caudi- culus spathulatus, apice late triangularis, ad discum ovatum majusculum junctus.
Hah, Lankawi Islands : G, GurtU !
This belongs to the set with broad, rather stiff leaves, and spur much shorter than the ovary.
S. (§ MiCEANTHJi) COBNIGEEUM, Bidl., sp. nova. Gaulis elongatus, flexuosus ; intemodi f poll, longi ; radices elongatse. Folia 3^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuta, apice ineequaliter biloba; vaginae costatee, ore obliquae. Bacemus brevissimus, 1-2-florus, intemodi basin versus extrusus. Bractece brevissimoB. ovatte obtussB. Flores mediocres ; ovaria cum pedioellis ^ poll, longa. Sepala | poll, longa, oblonga, spathulata subobtusa; bruneo-flava. Petala sepalis latiora, bmneo-flava. Lahellum petalis paullo brevius, flavesoenti-album ; lobi laterales comuti erecti, medius oblongo-spathulatus obtusus. Galcar ^ poll, longum, conicum, obtusum, rectum. Golunvna brevis, crassa ; stelidia lata, rotundata. Anthera elongata, conica.
Hah, Penang : West Hill, G, Guriis, March, 1892 !
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S62 MB. HENBT BIDLET ON OBGHIDEJS AND
A straggling plant with inconspionons flowers. It is allied to 8. penangianum^ Hook, f ., but has a very different lip, with a larger mid-lobe, and horn-like lateral lobes.
Saccolabium pbnangianum, Hook, /., Fl, Brit. Ind,^ vi. p. 57, et Ic. Fl, t. 2129 B.
Hah, Perak : Songkei River, Curtis !
This plant is nnfortonately named, as the locality whence it was obtained is in Perak, and not in Penang.
S. MiNiMiFLOBUM, HooJc, f., Fl. Brit. Ind.y vi. p. 59, et Ic. Ply t. 2133.
Hob. Perak: Scortechini.
1 only know this from Scortechini's drawings, and take it to be a SarcochUus.
8. (§ Spbciosj;) miniatum, LincU.y Bot. Reg. (1847), sub t. 26, t. 58.
Hob. Lankawi Islands : 0. Curtis !
S. (§ SpECiosa) SAXicoLUM, JBtcK. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 374. Hah. Pahang : Kota Glanggi !
§ Calceolares.
This section is one of the most distinct in the genns, and might almost be generically separated. Its great peculiarity is that the lateral lobes of the lip meet and are connate in front, so as to form a wall between the mouth of the spur and the epiohil, instead of having free apices.
The basin-shaped spur is also peculiar in the genus.
S. CALGEOLABE, Lindl. in Wall. Cat., n. 7302. Hah. Perak : Gxmong Hijan, summit of the Larut Hills, abundant on trees, low down ! Pahang : Kota Glanggi, on rocks ! This form has very long narrow falcate leaves, attaining a length of 6 inches. The flowers are barely half an inch across.
S. BiGiBBUM, Eeichh. /., ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag., t. 5767.
Hob. Perak : Scortechini.
Scortechini's drawing, labelled 8. higibbum, seems to be different from that in ^Bot. Mag.,' t. 5767. I have not seen anything else of this species.
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apostasiacej: of the malat peninsula. 363
MICROSACCUS, Blume.
MiCBOSACCUS, Blume, Bijdr.^ p. 367^ is a monotjpio genas^ which should probably be reduced to Saccolahium, from which it chiefly differs in habit. It has somehow got confused with the yery distinct genus Adenoncos, which is a spurless plant allied to Luisia,
M. jAYENSis, Blumey l.c, is a tufted plant, with curved stems 4 inches to 6 inches long, coyered with dark green leaves, which are equitant and scalpelliform. The flowers are one or two in number, white, except for a yellow spot at the base of the lip, with rather large white bracts. The pollinia are four in number, equal, globose, on a slender narrow pedicel which bears a small lanceolate disc. The rostellum is rather long, tooth-shaped, and entire. The stigma transversely oblong. It is common in mangrove swamps and on rocks. Hah. Singapore : EIranji ! &c,
Selangor : Bukit Hitam, KeUall !
Perak : Scorteehini.
Also in Tenasserim, Cambodia, and Java !
T^NIOPHYLLUM, Blume.
T. Sebeula, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 77. Bodices long89, copiossB, leBte virides. CauUa brevissimus. Bacemi ^1 poll, longi, plures, ferme omnino floriferi. Bractece dis- tichso, acutee, minute pnbescentes vel quasi-muricataB. Flares minimi, singulatim expansi, ochrei. Sepala anguste lanceo- lata, obtusa. Betala sepalis angustiora. Labellum cymbiforme (explanatum), obovatum, ferme integrum, album ; lobi laterales obtusi, rotundad. CcUcar breve, scrotiforme, olivaceum. Oolwnna brevis, crassa; clinandrii margines vix elevati. Anthera magna, compressa, alba purpureo-2-maculata ; rostrum latum truncatum; pollinia 4, globosa, soqualia; caudiculua anguste linearis ; stelidia late obtusa, incurva ; rostellum rostri- forme, obtusum, integrum. Oapsula 1 poll, longa, elougata saroinisBformis, apice attenuata, segmentis indistinotis.
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364 MB. HENBT RIDLEY ON ORCHIDBJI AND
Hah. Singapore : common on Podocarpi and otber trees near mangrove swamps, also on orchard trees ; Kranji, Sungei Buloh ! Chan Ghn Kang ! Toas ! Serangoon, &c. JMalacca : Sungei Bambei ! Johore : Kota Tinggi !
Pahang : Pekan J C berating River ! Palau Ghengei ! Penang : Western Road, Curtis ! Selangor : Kwala Lumpur ! Perak: Larut (fide Hooker). Tceniophylla are so difficult to describe from dried specimens that I make no apology for re-describing this from living plants. It is not easy to compare it with any otber of the small genus, as most of the species are but indifferently described. I have never seen any leaves on the plant.
T^NiOPHTLLUM RUBRUM, Bidl.y 8p. tiova. Bodices paucse, graciles, teretes, virescentes. Gaulis viz ullus. £acemri8 1 poll, longus, gracilis, ruber, basi nudus, in ^ parte superiore florifer. Bractece cvataa, distichse, minute pubescentes, rubrae. Flares minuti, rubri ; ovaria brevia ; pedicelli vix ulli. Sepala petala, labellum connata. Sepala lanceolata, acuta. Petala linearia. LaheUum cum petalis eeqailongum, triangulari-lanceolatum acutum, basi latam. Oalcar ovario brevius, saccatum, latum, obtusum. Golumna brevis.
Hab, Sungei Ujong : on a coffee tree on Linsum estate !
I have only seen one plant of this, which is very distinct in its very short stem, slender elongate scape, and connate perianth of a red colour.
CLEISOSTOMA, Blume.
This genus is usually distinguished from Saccolabium by the presence of a callus within the spur, and from Sareanthus by the absence of the septum, which in that genus divides the spur more or less in two. It has several times been proposed to merge both genera into Saccolahium, especially as the calli are often difficult to make out in dried specimens. I should be inclined to retain both genera, although they are certainly very closely allied to Saccolabium, The septum in Sareanthus is evidently the well-developed longitudinal central ridge of which traces can be seen in most of the genera of Sarcanthecs and in
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APOSTASUCEf OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 365
many other groups. The bifid lamella of the back of the spar in Gleisostoma seems to correspond to the hypochilary callas of many orchids. From its being often glandular pubescent on the lower face I imagine that its function is to secrete nectar. Both of these organs differ considerably in size, extent of development, and form, so that it is difficult to use them as means of separation of the genera. But there is another distinguishing mark which is much easier to utilize. In Barcanthus the lateral lobes of the lip are usually short, and do not meet in the middle line ; the terminal lobe is often small, and it is generally more or less channelled ; so that a depression leads from it into the horizontal spur. In Oleisostoma we have the short wall like lateral lobes meeting or nearly meeting in the middle lobe ; while the mid-lobe is oval or reniform, and barred off from the pendent spur by the lateral lobes. The structure of the Gleisostoma lip is that of the Calceolaria section of Saccoldbium, except that the spur is usually longer and contains the lamellary callus. With these characters there is also a difference in colouring, which though not of any great generic importance, yet is worth noting. In Sarcanthus the prevailing colouring is sepals and petals green with a more or less distinct longitudinal central red bar, and lip violet or pale rose; whereas in Gleisostoma the ground colour of the whole flower is yellow, and it is irregularly marked with dark red spots.
Of the Indian Cleisostomas, Gleisostoma andamanicwn, Hook, f., 0. Manniiy Reichb. f., G. hicuspidatumj Hook, f., 0. spicatum^ Lindl., 0. latifolium, Lindl., G, parvum, Bidl., 0. m^iculosumy Lindl., C crassum, Bidl., 0. uteriferum, Hook, f., and probably most of the others in the ' Flora of British India,' possess nearly all these characters, and form a group which can be easily distinguished from Sarcanthus and Saccolahium, I imagine Saccolahium Helferi, Hook, f., Ic. PI., t. 2130, will prove to be a Gleisostoma ; it has the form and habit as well as the shape of the b'p of Gleisostoma^ though the callus appears to be sometimes wanting.
Gleisostoma latifolium, Lindl,,, Bot. Beg. (1840) Misc., p. 60. Hah. Singapore : (fide Lindley, I.e.).
Malacca: Griffith.
Perak: Wray.
Pahang : Temerloh !
Also Sumatra, at Djambi !
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A very tall stout plant, scrambling over trees, bearing large spreading panicles of small flowers.
Cleisostoma spicatum, Lindl, Bot. Beg. (1847), sub t. 32. Hah, Singapore: Jnrong! Johore : Tana Bunto !
Penang : common on orchard trees, in the town and at Tanjong Bnnga ! It also occurs in Tenasserim, and is apparently abondant at Sarawak, in Borneo.
C. UTERiFERUM, HooJc. /., Fl, Brit. Ind., vi. p. 74. Hah. Perak: Kunstler.
C. PARYDM, BidLj sp. nova. Gaulis yix 1 poll, longns ; radices longee, tennes, grisese. Folia 1^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceo- lata falcata acuta, tenuia, apice insaqualiter biloba. BoLcemus \ poll, longus, pauciflorus. Bractece OYat«e, parv», remot«e. Flores ^ poll, lati, camosi. Sepalum posticum lanceolato- oblongum obtusum, lateralia magis ovata. Petala 'cum sepalo postico aBquilonga, lorata, oblonga. Lahelli lobi laterales quadrati, medius late ovatus ; calcar saccatum oblongum, crassum; callns loratus bifidus. Oolwmna brevis, crassa; clinandrium in medio elevatum. Anthera ovata, magna, tenuis ; rostellum elongatum, lineare, decurvum.
Hah. Pahang : Kota Glanggi, on limestone rocks ; only one specimen obtained, v.s.
A very small species with a remarkably short stem and rather thin textured leaves.
G. loNOSMA, 12tc2Z., sp. nova. Oaulis 6 poll, longus ; radices oopios8B. Folia 6 poll, longa, f poll, lata, lorata, coriacea, atroviridia, apice ineequiloba lobis rotundatis. Banxculce plures, 8 poll. lohgsB, ]ax8B, multi-ramo88B. Flores plurimi, remoti ; bractesB minutes, ovatsB, acutsB ; pedicelli \ poll, longi. Sepala -^ poll, longa, oblonga, obtusa. Petala sepalis minora ; sepala petala extra fusca, intus olivacea, a lineis plurimis transversis violaceis notata. LaheUum sepalis brevius ; lobi laterales trian- gulares obtusi violacei, medius ovatus apice 2-callosu8 ; calcar f poll, longum, rectum, obtusum, roseo-album, in ore a callo linguiformi albo omatum. Golumna brevis, violacea; stelidia brevia, rotundata, involuta; clinandriam baud profundum. Anthera subplana, flava ; margo anticus elevatus, bifidus ;
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APOSTASIACE^ OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 367
pollinia 4 (i.e. 2 biloba) ovoidea, tenaia, pallida; candiculns linearis ; discus parvus, ovatus. Bostellum elevatnm, apice deflexnm lobis obtosis bifidmn. SUgma latum.
Hah, Perak : Thaiping Hills (June, 1893 ! ).
Remarkably sweetly scented of violets. The calliis in the throat of the spur is a thick decnrved tongae, which only partly blocks the entrance.
SARCANTHUS, Lindl.
S. HALOPHiLus, BicU.y sp. nova, CsBspitosa. Oavlea 3-12 poll, longi, graciles, teretes, cnrvi; radices copies®. Fclia 3 poll, longa, viz ^ poll, crassa, teretia, pnngentia, cnrva; vagin89 \ poll. longsB, ragos®. BacenU usqne ad 6 poll, longi, plnres, graciles, plnriflorL Bradece minim», ovat», persistentes. PediceUi onm ovariis ^ poll, longi, patentes. Flores expansi ^ poll. lati. Sepala oblonga, obtasa. Petala sepalis minora, oblongo-obovata obtnsa ;. sepala petala pallide olivacea rabro- tincta. LaheUum roseum ; lobi laterales breviuscnli ovati erecti obtnsi apice roseo-violacei, medins malto longior hastatns obtnsns ; callus dorsalis obtriangularis, incorvus, crassus, albus ; calcar pedicello multo brevius. horizontale, rectum, hand septatum. Golumna recta, subcylindrica ; clinandriam planum, subrotundum, virescens. Anthera obovata, obtusa, rostrata, flava; pollinia parva, globosa; caudicalns linearis ; discus latus hastatus, truncatus ; stelidia quadrata, parallela, approximata. Stigma prof undnm, obovatum. GapsuLa § poll, longa, oblonga.
Hah, Singapore : Elranji ! Sungei Morai ! Sungei Tengeh ! Pulau Tekong ! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Tana Bunto I Also in the Garimon Isles! Bhio! and Pulau Bum! south of Singapore.
Common on trees near the sea.
1 can find no description to suit this little plant, so abundant along our sea-coasts. The oolouring and form of the lip resemble those of 8, seeundw, Grifi., but there is no real septum in the short horizontal spur, though a channelled ridge runs down it. The dorsal callus is large and thick. The pedicel of the pollinia, which are sessile, passes into a broad triangular thin disc, with the two angles prolonged in the form of teeth.
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368 MR. HENRT BIDLET ON ORCHIDEA AND
Sarcanthus sacculatus, Bidl., sp. nova. Caults 8 poll, long^s, •jV poll. craBSua. Folia 6 poll, longa, ^ poll, crassa, teretia, obtnsa ; yagineB 1 poll, long®, costatse, transversim reticalat». Bacemi 3 poll, longi, graciles. Flores usque ad 20, parvi dissiti. Bractem minatsB, oYatse; pedicelli ^ poll, longi, patented. Sepala ovata, snbacnta. Petala sepalis minora, lorata. Lahelli nngais brevis; lobi laterales majascnli oyati erecti, medins elongatus lineari-lanceolatns hastatns marginibns involatis crassas ; calcar majnscnliim, saccatmn, obtnsum, supeme con- tractnm, hand septatnm ; carina in lobo medio panllo elevata ; callns dorsalis clavatus, sab-bilobas. Golumna elongata, semi- teres. Anthera ovata, tennis, hand rostrata.
Hah. Lankawi Islands: Curtis, v.s. (n. 2560).
A slender plant, with the habit of 8. filiformis, Lindl., bnt with very different flowers. The lip has a narrow terminal lobe with the edges involute; the median keel ends at the entrance of the spur. The spur is rather large and saccate, but pinched in at the npper part like a conventional money- bag. The dorsal callns is large and clubbed, paw-shaped and bilobed, glandular on the lower surface.
S. SECUNDUS, Griff., Notul.y iii. 362, et Ic. PI. As., t. 336. Hob. Johore : Batu Pahat !
Malacca : Sungei Bambei ! Kesang ! Snngei Ujong !
Perak : The Cottage, Lamt Hills, Hervey ! Bhio : {Native collector) ! Saigon ! This is often brought in by orchid dealers from the islands near Singapore. The leaves are dark green and very thick, but flattened and lorate till an inc\^ from the end, where they suddenly become terete and pungent. This, which is well shown in Griffith's drawing and is probably the origin of Wallich's MSS. name oxyphyllus, is overlooked in the descrip- tion in the * Flora of British India.'
It is called ^^ Sakat Ularj** i.e., Snake orchid, in Sungei Ujong.
S. ScoRTECHiNii, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 68. Hah. Pahang : Biver Tahan ! Kota Glanggi !
Perak: Scortechini.
Penang : near the coast, Curtis, 2130 !
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APOSTASIACEJE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 36^
Saroantuus pbnsilis, Eidl.y sp, nova, GauUs nsqae ad 3 poll, longns, crassns. Folia panca, 6 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, lorata, apioe obtuse biloba, atroviridia, polita. Bacemus foliis longior, gracilis, pendnlns, in | parte inferiore nudns; rbachiB pur- purea. Flores ^ pol. lati, remoti. Bractem parvsB ovatsB^ pedieelli ^ poll, longi, purpurei. Sepala oblongo-ovata, obtusa. Petala sepalis minora, oblanceolata, obtusa, virescentia rubro- tincta. Lahellum roseum; lobi laterales majusculi comuti erecti, medius brevis ovatus obtusus ; callus dorsalis elongatus,. crassus, obtusus ; septum completum, supeme sub callo dorsali inorassatum. Columna brevis, crassa, flexa. Anthera ovata,. rostrata; polliuia ovoidea, ferme bipartita, in pedicello ad caudioulum linearem longius adnato sita; discus parvus,, ovoideus.
Hah. Johore : Batu Pahat !
Near 8. Pari$hit, Hook, f . ; but the flowers are differently coloured, the lateral lobes of the lip much longer, and the septum of the spur much longer, completely separating the spur into two halves except at the top and bottom, with a thickened portion where it rises from the mid-lobe on which the dorsal callus rests. The pedicels of the flowers are much longer, and the flowers more distant. The pollinia much resemble those of S. Parishtu
S. CASTANEUs, Eidl.y sp. nova. Caulis 1 ped. longus, crassus,. panllo oompressus. Folia 6 poll, longa, 3 poll, lata, obtusa, coriacea, apice valde ineoqualia; vaginae 1 poll, long®, ore obliqu89. Panicula usque ad 8 poll, longa, biramosa, pendula, in majore parte a floribus dense tecta; rhachis pubescens,. caliginosa. Flores \ poll, lati, camosi. BracteoB \ poll, longee. lanceolatflB, acuminata, reflexse; pedieelli cum ovariis crassis \ poll, longi. Sepala ovato-lanceolata obtusa, flavescentia dense castaneo-maculata. Petala sepalis minora, lanceolata. LabeUum flavum rufo-tinctum, basi columnae adnatum; lobk laterales oblongi obtusi lobulo antico minore, medius lanceo- latus subobtusus camosus; calcar ^ poll, longnm, pendnlum, latum, clavatum ; septum breve, calcaris dorso baud adnatum ;. callus anticus tenuis, furcatos. Columna crassa; clinandrium in medio elevatum ; stelidia crassa, obtusa, parallela. Anthera quadrate, rostrata; rostrum obtusum uniloculare ; pollinia 2,. globosa, postice sub-biloba; caudiculus e basi latiore acu-
linn. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 B
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370 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJE AND
minatus; discus minutissimns. Stigma grande, ellipticum, marglnatnm.
Hah, Singapore : on a tree in Dalvey Road, very rare !
It has also been brought in by dealers from some of the other islands.
This pretty species was flrst fonnd on a roadside tree in Singapore by a native. It is a stout broad-leaved plant, with a dense hanging panicle (only one-branched) or a simple raceme of chestnut-coloured flowers with a yellow lip.
The lip in section shows a short ridge on the epichilary portion which meets, but is not adnate to, the back of the spur ; above it on the back of the spur is a very slender forked process. This is so delicate that it is very easily overlooked, even in a living specimen.
The clinandrium is elevated in the centre, the pedicel of the pollinia overlying this. The disc of the pollinia is so minute as to be almost invisible.
Sabcanthus bracteatus, Ridl,, sp. nova. Caules 1 ped. longi, ^ poll, crassi, complanati, a vaginis costatis tecti. Folia 6 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, lorata, coriacea, apice lobis rotundatis insequaliter bifida. Paniculm 6 poll, longae, axillares, apice nutantes, basi (paucis vaginis exceptis) nudae, pauci-ramosee, pubescentes. Flores plures, congesti, parvi. Bractem magnae, ovatee, acutsB, flores superantes, flavo-virentes in linell mediant rubrse. Ovarium breve, crassum, albo-lanuginosum. Sepala ^ poll, longa, cymbiformia lanceolata, carinata, pubescentia, ci*assa, atrosanguinea in margine tenuiora viridia. Petala sepalis breviora, elliptica, obtusa, tenuia, in margine minute lacerate viridia, in medio bruneo-maculata. LaheUum sepalis brevius, horizontale, camosum; lobi laterales porrecti lanceo- lato-triangulares acuti virescentes, medius cordatus cymbi- formis apice suberecto-2-comuto albus margine comubusque roseo-violaceus ; callus magnus e medio disci ortus, basi elevatus incrassatus, flavescens violaceo-punctatus, in lateribus pubescens; calcar horizontale, breve, crassum, apice rotun- datum, flavescens. Columna brevis, crassa, alba, basi lata. Anthera parva, ovata, obtuse rostrata; loculi baud disjuncti; pollinia 2, ovoidea ; caudiculus basi angustus, superne dilatatus et in ^ parte longitudinis fissus, tenuis; discus parvus, lan- ceolatus. Clinandrium parvum; margo anticus incrassatus.
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APOSTASIACE-B OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 371
eleyatns. BosteUum lobis lanceolatis decurvis bifidnm. Stigma OYoideum, profniidiiin, viride; columoeB marines valde in- crassati. Capsula ^ poll, looga; costsB steriles lineares, fertiles multo latiores.
Hab, Southern Siam : Ghirbee, G. Curtis; (fl. Hort. Bot. Penang, June, 1893).
A single plant of this remarkable species alone was found. The most striking feature of it at first sight is the large size
in habit. The stems ai*e usually tall, and the racemes short.
2 B 2
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372 MR. HENRT RIDLET ON ORGHIDEiE AND
The oolnnm is remarkably broad and thick. The pollinia are yery distinct in the broad short quadrate candicle and equally large disc.
P^LATANTHBRiA CxENOGLOSSUM, BicU., sp. nova. Gaules 8-10 poll, longif compressi, erecti, rigidi. Folia 1 poll, longa, i^ poll, lata, plnra, lanceolata, crassa, oamosa, carinata, apice iusaqnaliter biloba ; vagineB in altero latere prof onde fisse, in sioco mgosae. Bdcemi ^ poll, longi, crassi, 2-flori. Bractece ovataB, pedicellis arete appressaa; pedicelli cum ovariis ^ poll, longis, crassi. Flores ferme ^ poll, lati, camosi. 8epala ovata, obtusa, pauUo oucuUata, flava rubro-striata, lateralia magis oblonga. Petala lanceolato-ovata, obtusa, sepaUs pallidiora. Lahellum oolumniB adnatum ; lobi laterales rotundati albescentes, medius semi- ovatus scotiformis acuminatus camosas flavus in medio elevatus in utroque latere fimbriato-acuminatus ; calcar cum } parte pedicelli asquilongum, crassum, paullisper uncatum, obtnsum, virescens rubro-striolatum ;• callus glandulosus, in line4 mediant fasciatus elevatus, in utroque latere lanuginosus, in calcaris f auce situs ; processus linearis, dentiformis, horizontalis in lobo medio additur. Golumna brevis, lata ; clinandrium haud profundum; s6elidia erecta, curva, cornuta. Anthera magna, plana, bilocularis ; pollinia 2, semiglobosa, postice fissa; caudiculus latus, quadratns, truncatus lateribus comutis sursum cnrvis ; discus magnus, semicircularis, subtus excavatus. BosteUum lobis crassis prosilientibus decurvis bifidum. Stigma a lateribus columnsB incrassatis tectum.
Hah. Saigon: Haff tier ! y.y.
A very singular plant with an erect stiff stem emitting roots at intervals. Leaves short and fleshy, channelled above and strongly keeled, the keel running downwards into stem, red edged with a few red spots. The lip has the lateral lobes adnate to the sides of the column. Between them, at the entrance to the spur, is a curious glandular body with a linear median bar, and a woolly mass on each side. The epichil is semiovate, ending in a narrow point which bears a comb-like fringe on each side. The column is remarkably broad. The anther cells are widely separated by a broad connective. The pedicel is square broad and truncate, the sides curved up in the fonti of two horns, the disc large hemispheric and excavate below.
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APOSTASIACB£ OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 373
PsLATANTHEBU CBISTATA, Eidl. deuostoma crutatum^ Bidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 370.
Hah, Pahang : Tahan and Pahang rivers !
I have obtained additional specimens of this species from iher Tahan River throngh a native collector. They are very mnoh larger than the plant originally described, being 8 inches long, and possess longer deflexed racemes 4, inches in length, and bearing several flowers.
P. IN8ECTIFERA, Bidl. SarcatUhui insecHfer^ Beichb. f. in Bot Zeit., XV. (1857) p. 159 ; Hook, f ., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 68, et Ic. PI., t. 2137.
Hah, Bengal to Tenasserim.
Belongs apparently to this genns.
SARCOCHILUS, B. Br.
S. GALiGARis, Ridl, in Trans. Linn. Soc,, Ser. II. (Bot) iii (1893) p. 372.
Phaloenofpsis fugaxy Kraonzlin, in Gard. Ghron. (1893) ii. p. 360.
Hah. Singapore : Bnkit Timah ; Chan Chn Kang ! PahaDg : Kwala Pahang !
The plant described as Fhalcmopna fugax by Kraenzlin, l.c., must be allied to this species, if indeed it is not the same. It is evidently no Phalcenopns,
S. TANTPHTLLUS, Bidl, in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iiL (1893) p. 372. Hah. Pahang : Limestone rocks ; Kota Glanggi !
S. STENOGLOrris, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 34.
S. BRACHYQLOTTIS, HooJc. f., l.C.
S. AUREUS, Hook. /., Z.C., p. 35.
S. CLAD08TACHTS, Hook. /., l.C.
S. HIE8UTUS, Hook. /., Z.O., p. 38.
All obtained in Perak by the Calcutta Garden's collectors and Father Soortechini. I know nothing of them.
S. ADNATUS, Bidl., sp. nova. OauUs elongatns, validos, snbteres. Folia 6 poll, longa, 1 poU. lata, lorata, ooriaoea, canalicnlata,carinata, apice obtase inaequaliter bilobamncronato
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374 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJ; AND
inter jecto. Bacemi 3 poll, longi, laterales, ascendentes ; pedancnlus validnliis, purpureas ; vaginse paacse, dissitaB. Flores 12-16, 1 poll, longi, inversi, camosi ; pedioelli 1 poll, longi, snberecti, crassinsculi ; bractesB breves, ovata9, pedicello arete appressw. Sepalum posticnm elliptico-obovatum obtusnm, lateralia latiora ad ungnem labelli adnata apice obtnsa, excurva, flava apice rnbro-punctata. Petala ^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata, explanata, flava. Lahellum sepalis longins, camosum ; ungnis rectns, canaliculatns ; lobi laterales longi obtnsi erecti, medins lateralibos brevier ovatns ; calcar porrectum, enrvum, latnm, obtusum, a prooessu intus partim clausom, flavum apice brnnenm. Columna longiuscnla, erecta; pes brevis, distinctos. Anthera tennis, ovata, obtnsa ; pollinia 2, globosa ; pedicellns brevis, linearis, in candicnlo longiore tennissimo insertus ; discns minutns ovatus. Bostellum elongatnm, snbnlatnm, acntum.
Hob. Singapore : Teas district ; one plant ! Johore : Kota Tinggi ; one plant !
This is a very rare and cnrious plant, and in many respects so utterly different from typical Sarcochili that I am doubtful whether it should not be considered as the type of a new genus. It has a tall stout stem like that of a Saccolahium, a short stout erect raceme of firm-textured flowers which open one or two at a time, but without any long interval. The flowers are yellow and brown, inserted from the normal position of orchids so that the spur points upwards. The lateral sepals are adnate to the back of the lip, which latter has the regular shoe-shape of the genus. The pollinia have the double pedicel of several of the SarcantheoB — a short pedicel attached to a longer one at right angles to it (in the first position). I have only twice met with it : once on a tree in Western Singapore, and once I gathered it on the banks of a tidal river in Southern Johore.
ASCOCHILUS, Ridl., genus nov.
Gaulis brevis, paucifoliatas. Folia falcata, acuta, subcoriacea. Pedunculi singuli, plures, gracillimi, muricati. Flores parvi, tenues, in raoemo brevi siti. BractesB parvea, ovatsB. Sepala insBqualia, lateralia postico multo latiora, saepe obliqua, ad pedem columnsa adnata. Petala sepalo postico simiiia.
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Labellnm 3-4-lobiim ; lobi laterales majascnli, medias integer yel bilobns; calcar pendalnm; calli 0. Colomna elongata; pes longQS, porrectas, com columDa eaquilongns vel panllo brevior. CliDandrii margo posticus elevatos. Bostellum elongatnm, acatnm. Capsnla elongata, cjlindrica.
Species 2. A. hirtulus, Bidl. Sarcochilus hiriulus, Hook. f.
A. 8IAMENSIS, Sp, nOV.
This genus has the habit of some of the Sarcochtli ; but it ia distinct from any of the allied genera in the long column, with a long foot at right angles to the body of the column, on the end of which is borne a lip with two large erect lateral lobes, and an entire or bilobed terminal lobe. The inequality of the size and form of the sepals is unusual in the whole group. The raceme develops rapidly as in Saccolabium^ <tc., and does not continue to grow after the flowers have begun to open, as in Thrixiipermuni,
A. HIRTULUS, EidL Sarcochilus hirtulus, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 89, et Ic. PL, t. 2121.
Hah. Pahang : Tahan River, Kota Glanggi, Limestone rocks! Perak : Scortechini. Malacca : Maingay,
The flowers are cream colour with pink spots, pretty though small. I found this little plant very abundant on the limestone rocks at Kota Olanggi.
I have no doubt as to the correctness of my identification with the species described and figured by Sii* Joseph Hooker ; but I find the following differences: — The lateral sepals are much broader than the posticous one and distinctly keeled, and are adnate to the very long column foot. The petals are more linear. The foot of the column is remarkably long and slender, and stands at right angles to the body of the column. On the extreme end is borne the lip, the terminal lobes of which are distinctly broader than the lateral ones.
A. siAMENSis, Ridl, sp. nova, Caulis 1 poll, longus ; radices copios», tonnes. Folia 5 poll, longa, vix \ poll, lata, lorata, falcata, in sicco striata, apice ineequaliter biloba subacute. Racemi 8 poll, longi, plures, graciles, muriculati, basi longe nudi. Bractem minut®, ovat®; pedicelli ^ poll.
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longi. Flares perparyi, 2-^ simul expansi. Bepahim posticam «lliptioain, lanceolatam, lateralia malto latiora rhomboid^ obliqoa carinata acuta. Petala lineari - lanceolata, onrra. LaheUum longe ungniculatnm, album; lobi laterales magni oblongi apioe rotundati, medius lingusBformis sureum curyus ; calcar angustum, longe cylindrioum obtnsum. Golumna longiusoula; stelidia in parte superiore sita, oblonga sub- triangularia, obtusa. PoUinia globosa; caudiculus angus- tissimns, apice furcatus.
Hah. Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith ! On the bole of a tree in jungle, y.s.
This has much the habit of A. hirtuluSf Ridl., but differs in the very unequal sepals (a rare character in SarcanthecB, the very long claw, entire epichil, broad lateral lobes, and very long, narrow spur.
AEBIDES, Lour.
A. ODORATUM, Lour., Fl. Gochinch,, p. 525. A. suamsnmwfn^ Lindl. in Joum. Hort. Soc., iv. (1849) p. 264. A, virenSf Lindl., Bot. Beg. (1843) Misc., p. 41. Hah, Johore : Pulau Tiuggi, Feildtng I Selangor : Bukit Hitam, KeUall ! Malacca: Maingay! Lankawi: Curtis! Kedah : Pulau Song Song ! Yan ! This usually grows on rocks and trees overhanging the sea. It seems especially abundant in the small islands to the south of the peninsula. A, suavissimunif Lindl., is the best variety, with a longer raceme. It is commoner in the north of the peninsula.
A. MULTIFLOBUM, Boxh^ PL CoTom,^ iii. p. 68, t. 271. Hah, Siam: Bangtaphan, T)r, Keith! Tonka (native dealers ! ).
THRIXSPERMUM, Lour.
Thrixspebmum, Lowr,^ Fl. Cochinch., p. 519. DendrocoUa (§ CucuUa), Blume, Bijdr., p. 287. Orsidice^ Beichb. f . in Bonplandia, iL (1854) p. 93. PlantsB terrestres vel rupestres. Caules saepe elongati, nndique radicantes. Folia amplexicaulia, ovata aut oblonga,
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APOSTASUCBJB OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 377
lorata. Pednnculi saepe longi, porrecti; racemi breyes vel longri, din crescentes, complanati ; braotesB distichaB, lateraliter compresssB, persistentes. Flores majosouli, fugaces, singalatim interyallis longis ezpansi. Sepala petala subsimilia, ovata, subobtnsa vel caadata. Labellum .saocainm ; lobi laterales falcati, medius ssBpe carnosus ; callus 1 (vel 2) parrns in disco situs. Cohiinna brevinscula.
Species, sepalis petalisqne hand candatis.
THRixsPERiinH LiLACiNUM, Reichb. f,, Xenia Orch,, ii. p. 121. T. Calceolus, Retchh. /., I.e., p. 122.
T. BRACHTSTACHTS, BicU. Sarcochilus hrachygtachysy Hook, f . T. pauciflorum, Bidl. Sareoehilus pauciflorus, Hook, f.,
PI. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 41. T. SERRJCFORME, Beichb. f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 121. T. Centipeda, Lour., Fl. GocUnch., p. 520. T. purpurascens, Eeichb.f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 121. T. OBTUSUM, Reichh. /., I.e.
Species sepalis petalisqne candatis.
T. Arachnitis, Reichh. /., I.e.
T. ScopA, Reichh. f., ex Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 40. T. ScoRTECHiNii, R/idl. Sareoehilus Beorteehini, Hook, f. T. roRPURASCENS, Reichh. /., Xenia Orch., ii, p. 121.
T. LILACINUM, Reichh. f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 121. Sareoehilus lUacinus, Oriff,, Notnl., iii. p. 334, et Ic. PI. As., t. 320, fig. 2.
Hah. Singapore : common ; Selitar, Gbangi, Ang Mo Kio ! Pahang : Pnlan CboDgei, Pekan ! Malacca : Ajer Panas ! Perak: Thaiping! Also Java ! This plant grows scrambling tbrough long grass and herbage in hot open marshes. The stems attain a length often of many feet. The flowers are showy, and vary from white to lilac according to the amount of exposure to the sun. The peduncle stands at right angles to the stem as a rule, and the pedicel of the flower stands at right angles to the rhaohis. The flower is so placed that the apex of the lip points upwards, while the sepals, petals, and saccate portion of the lip are horizontal : a position which I do not remember to have seen as a normal
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occurrence in any other orchid. The flowers open at intervals of abont five days, and last about half a day in perfection.
Blume's DendrocoUa amplemcaulisy Bijdr., p. 288, is referred by Beichenbach to this species ; but his description, such as it is, does not agree very well. He says " sepalis oblongis acutis, labello interne muricato."
Theixspermum Calceolus, Eeichh, /., Xmia Orch,^ ii. p. 122.
Sarcochilus Calceolus, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1846) t. 19.
S, hrachystachySf Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 41.
Hob. Singapore : Sungei Morai ! Pulau Ubin ! Palau Tekong Vesar ! Krauji ! Johore : Tanah Eunto ! Kwala Batu Pahat, Kelsall ! Pahang : Pekan, Kwala Teuok, Tahan Biver ! Bindings : Telok Sera, Curtis ! Penang : Penang Hill, Maingay (in herb. Kew) !
This is a very common plant which, perhaps from the fugacious character of its flowers, seems to have escaped the notice of almost all the botanists in the peninsula. It was first described from a cultivated specimen sent by Cuming from the " Philippines."
It grows in masses on the ground, and especially on rocks on the banks of rivers or by the sea. The stems attain a length of 12 feet, and the short racemes are emitted at intervals all along them. The flowers here are large and pure white, except for a yellow spot round the epichil and a few red or orange dots at the entrance to the spur. They are deliciously scented. The plant would be well worthy of cultivation but that it seldom flowers, and when it does, the flowers last but a few hours.
The figure of Sarcochilus paucijlorusj Hook, f ., in Scortechini's di*awing resembles this in most points, but the description in ' Fl. Brit. Ind.' seems to be that of a distinct species.
T. PAUCiFLORUM, RidL Sarcochilus paucijlorus, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 41, was collected by Scortechini in the Thaiping Hills, Perak.
T. ScoPA, Eeichb, /., ex Hook /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 40. Hah. Perak: Larut (King^s Collector).
T. ScoRTBCHiNii, Bidl. Sarcochilus Scortechini, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 40.
Hah. Perak: Scortechini.
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This looks like a gigantic T. Arachnites, Reichb. f . ; I found a plant somewhat like it on rocks of Kedah Peak, but the flowers were not open.
Thrixspermum Arachnites, Reichb. f., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 121. Hah. Singapore : Selitar ! Johore : Batu Pahat ! Selangor: Bukit Hitam, Kelsall ! Kwala Lumpur,
Jelebu ! Penang : Kunstler !
Also India, Burmab, Assam, Java ! Sumatra at Djambi !
Borneo !
Evidently a common plant, but seldom collected as it is not
often found in flower. Sarcochilus bemeensis, Bolfe, in Illustr.
Hortic, xxzix. (1892) p. 99, t. 161, looks like a finely-grown
plant of this species.
T. leucarachne, Ridl., sp. nova. Caulis 4-5 poll, lougus, validulus, a vaginis omnino tectus, eo T. Ara/^hniiis similis. Folia 6 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, linearia, lorata, obtusa, apice ineequaliter biloba. Fedunculi cum foliis aequilongi vel paullo longiores ; racemus breviusculus ; bracteaB ^ poll, longae, acutas. Sepala petala 3 poll, longa, anguste linearia, acuminata, patentia, alba. Lahellum basi saccatum ; lobi laterales elongati falcati acuti, medius longiusculus lanceolatns acutus albus basi kermesinus ; lobi et discus violaceo-maculati, intus pubescentes ; callus parvus, papilliformis, violaceus. Columna latiuscula, in lateribus recta, in ventre plana, basi baud dilatata, alba a fascisL mediana travers& violascens. Anthera tenuis, uuilocularis, pallide citrina, in margine antico truncata; pollinia elongata, elliptica angusta ; caudiculus brevis, linearis.
Hab. Siam : Pungah, C. Curtis !
This is near T. longicauda^ Ridl., from Borneo, but has longer and narrower leaves, closely approximated as in T. ArachtdteSf Reichb. f., of which the plant has much the habit. It differs from that species, however, in its much longer and narrower leaves, mnch larger flower, and different colouring. It is the pi*8ttiest species I have seen.
T. (§ Ridleya) notabile, Ridl. Sarcochilus notabilis. Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 42, et Ic. PL, t. 2126. Hab. Singapore : Chan Chu Kang ! Bukit Mandai !
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This very rare little plant has deep red leaves and pink flowers. It is so closely allied to Thrixspermum that, in spite of its cnrions entire lip and apparent absence of column foot, it can, I think, hardly be generically separated.
DENDROCOLLA.
Dendrocolla, Blume, Bijdr.f p. 291, partim (Sectio JPomi- caria).
Strictly speaking the species of this genus have no spur and sometimes not even a saccate portion to the lip ; but their affinity with Tkrixspermwrn (which has the saccate lip of Aerides) cannot be doubted. The number of species described which I can certainly refer to this genus is but small ; probably many more will be met with when more attention is paid to these small fugacious flowered plants. Besides the species described or mentioned below, the following should, I think, be referred here.
D. Htstbix, Blume, Bijdr., p. 291. Hah, Tenasserim et Java.
D. PULCHELLA, Thw,, Enum. PL Zeyhy p. 430. Hah, Ceylon.
D. MERGUENSis, Uidl. SarcocMlus merguensis, Hook. f. Hah, Mergui.
D. PUGiONiFOLiA, Bidl, Sarcochilus pugionifolius, Hook. f. Hah, Ceylon.
D. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Blume, Bijdr., p. 291. Hah, Java.
D. SQBULATA, Blume, Btjdr., p. 291. Hah. Java.
D. ANCEPS, Blume, Bijdr.y p. 292.
Hah. Java.
Of some of these species, the flowers are only partially described, and in some not described at all. The species seem to have a remarkable predilection for orchard trees, especially mangosteens, and some are rarely to be met with elsewhere.
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Dendbogolla magulata, Bidl.f sp, nova. Caules nsque ad 3 poll, longi, graciles. Folia 4 poll. loDga, ^ poll, lata, linearia, coriacea, apice biloba. Scapus 3 poll, longos, gracilis, strictus ; racemi rhachis inorassata ; bractees ovatss, acutss. Florea parvi ; pedicelli longinsculi, gpraciles. Sepalum posticnm lanceolatum spathulatam, lateralia similia basi dilatata, flava. Petala sepalis angnstiora, lanceolata, spatbolata, flava. LaheUum sepalis brevins; lobi laterales rotandati obtosi denticulati pnbescentes flavi kermesino-maculati, mediuB linearis pnbesoens flavns ; saccos longinscolus obtnsns ; callas oblongus, retnsos. Golwnna crassa ; pes longiosculos, flavescenti-viridis ; alse lata), incurvea, inter se appressas; clinandrinm parynm, ovale. Anthera oblonga, obtnse longi-rostrata, alba ; poUinia semi- elliptica ; discos hippocrepiformis.
Hab. Singapore : Bokit Mandai !
I have only once bad this plant brought to me. It is allied to D. Trichoglottisy bnt has much longer and narrower leaves^ a longer and more slender peduncle, and the mid-lobe of the lip is a rather long linear process. The colouring, too, is quite different.
D. Tbichoolottis, Eidl. Sarcochilus TrichogloHis^ Hook, f.^ Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 39, et Ic. PI., t. 2123. Caidis 2-6 poll, longus; radices longse, copiossD, albas. Folia lorata, obtusa, insdqualiter biloba, canaliculata ; vaginas ferme ^ poll, longas, rugosas compressas. Pedunculi foliis saepe breviores, validi ; racemi rhachis incrassata. Bra^cteee ovatas, a muorone crasso ^ poll, longo terminataD: pedicelli f poll, longi. Sepalum posticnm ^ poll, longum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia postico multo latiora ovato-lanceolata acuta carinata inasquilatei-a pallide flava. Petala sepalis angnstiora, spathulata, pallide flava. LaheUwrn sepalis multo brevius, citrinum, basi obtuse saocatnm ; lobi laterales lati truncati erecti longe ciliati, medius brevissimus truncatus sub apice muoronulatus ; callus parvus, oblongus, retusus, in disco inter lobos laterales situs; juxta callum macula aurantiaca adest; macnlad ochraceaa extra labellum in lobis lateralibus et e medio adsunt. Golumna alba, brevis, lata, in ventre profunde canaliculata ; margines crassi ; pes tenuis, linearis, aurantiacus ; clinandrium subprof undum ; dentes 2 prope rostellum (verosimiliter stelidia) minuii. Anthera tenuis, ovata, obtusa, alba; poUinia minuta, oblonga^
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insequaliter biloba ; rostellum plaimin, integrum, tennissimiim, album. Stigma profdndum. Capsula 5 poll, longa, cjlindrica, gracilis.
Hah. Singapore : very common on orchard trees, in gardens and elsewhere often doing considerable injury by overloadiug the boughs and eventually killing them. Pahang : Pekan ! Perak : Ewala Kangsa !
The figure in the ' Icones Plantamm,' t. 2123, was partly based on a drawing I sent to Kew, which was taken from a flower partly withered, and fertilized. The flowers are so fugacious, that unless they are carefully watched they cannot be got in good condition. The sepals are very unequal ; the lateral ones having the lower margin at the base prolonged downwards, as if to form a mentum. The lip has the ordinary form of a Dendrocolla, the lateral lobes being turned up, and they as well as the disc behind the callus are covered with white hairs. The column as figui'ed in the * Icones ' represents that of a fertilized flower, the sides and the upper edge of the clinandrium having folded in over the stigma.
Dendrocolla. pardalis, RidL Sarcochilus pardalis, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 371. Hob. Pahang : thickets along the River Pahang !
D. CARINATIFOLU, Ridl. Sarcochilus carinatifdins, Ridl. in Joum. As. Soc., Straits branch (June, 1891) p. 136.
Hah. Pulau Aor, /. Feilding !
This little plant, which I obtained in Christmas Island, south of Java, was found in abundance in Pulau Aor, an island lying east of Johore, by Mr. Feilding. It has not yet appeared on the mainland. The lip with its long falcate lateral lobes and well-developed epichil somewhat resembles that of a Thrixspermum.
Sarcochilus recurvus, Hook, f., PI. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 39, et Ic. PL, t. 2122, is, I fear, unrecognisable with certainty. It was described from flowerless specimens. It might be D. pardalis, or one of the others of this g^oup ; but there are a number of which my materials are insufficient, which would pretty well suit the figure.
D. FILIFORM IS, RidL Sarcochilus filiformis. Hook, f., FJ. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 39, et lo. PL, t. 2124. Caulis 2-4 poll.
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apostasiacej: of the malat peninsula. Z8S
longna. Folia 4-5, 6 poll, longa, graoilia, teretia, acniA, yiridia roseo-punctata ; vaginsB ^ poll, long®, teretes, ore integrsB. Racemt 3-4, Bingnli vel bini, 3 poll. loDgi, laterales, patentes, graciles, teretes, basi longe nndi; rhachis florifera ^ poll, longa, teres, incrassata; bractesB minimsB, ovatsB, obtosae. Flares singnlatim intervallis longis expansi, albi, odori ; pedicelli com ovariis 3 poll, longi, albi. Sepala ^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolata obtnsa, alba roseo-tincta. Fetala sepalis paallo minora. Lahellum sepalis mnlto brevius, basi angostatnm ; discns excavatus ; lobi laterales erecti rotund at i obtnsi anran- tiaci, medins oblongo-elliptions obtoBns camosos pnlvemlentns flavos. Columna longiusonla, crassinscnla, cnrva, albescens; margines superne dilatati appressi, basi divergentes; clinan- driam vix depressnm, subqnadratum, in margine kermesinum. Anthera oblonga, qoadrata, tennis, depressa, alba, in margine antico excavata; pollinia cuneata, aarantiaca; candiculus brevis, late spathnlatus; discns ovalis, mber. Stigma in margine basali rotundato kermesinnm, a marginibus colnmnsB incrassatis ferme tectum.
Hah, Singapore : Bukit Mandai ! Rare ; Chan Chn Kang, on mangosteen trees in an old orchard ! Dalvey Road ! Perak: Scortechini,
I make no apology for re-describing this, as the type-specimen figured in the ' Icones ' wsb admittedly a bad one ; and these plants, owing to the fugacity of their flowers, require to be described from living specimens.
Dendrocolla fulgens, Bidl,, sp. nova, Caules 3-4 poll, longi, graciles; radices tenues, albas. Folia 1 ped. longa, teretia, subacuta, pendula. Feduncalus 1^^ poll, longas, gracilis, teres. Racemus 8 poll, longus vel ultra, crassus. Bractece ovates, acntaa, recurvae, approzimatas. Flos explanatus 1 poll, latus, pulcher. Sepalwm posticnm lineari-oblougum, lateralia lanceolata acuta, rubra. Fetala linearia, spathulata, rubra. Lahellum glabrum, breviter lineari-unguiculatnm, aurantiacnm ; lamina cordata, obtusa lateribus suberectis ; callus rotundatus, pnbescens in basi laminae adest; fttsciae et maculae mfae in lateribus et in ungue adsnnt. Columna brevis, flammea ; pes longiusoulis ; clinandrium planum, marginibus paullo elevatis. Anthera plana, ovata, bilocularis, flava ; pollinia 2, ovoidea ; candiculus spathnlatus, latus; discus subtriangularis. Stigma cordatum. Capsula 1^ poll, longa, teres.
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Locality uncertain. I received this from a tree in the garden of Mr. Ranch in Singapore. The plants were not known to have been introdnced, bnt it is qnite possible that they came originally from Sumatra. BulhophyUum Ephippianthus was growing with it.
The habit of the plant is that of D. JUiformis, mihi ; bat the bracts are longer and recurved, the flower has the sepals and petals of a fine dark red, the lip is quite glabrous, except tho pubescent callus, and hastate-cordate in shape, hardly saccat(> at all. It is of a bright orange yellow with reddish bars on the sides, and some red spots on the claw. The column is of a red orange. It is the prettiest species I have yet seen.
Tribe NOTYLIE^,
ACRIOPSIS, Reinw.
A. JAVANICA, Beinw, ex Blume^ OaJt, Oew. Buitenz,^ p. 97, et Blume, Bijdr., p. 377.
Hob, Singapore : common ; Changi ! Eranji ! Tanglin, &c. !
Johore : Gtinong Pulai ! Bukit Murdom ! Batu Pahat I
Malacca!
Sungei Ujong !
Selangor : Kwala Lumpur !
Penang : Balik Pulau ! Penang Hill, Curtis f
Perak : Maxwell's Hill ! Hermitage Hill !
Pahang : Pekan, Kwala Pahang ! A very common plant usually to be found on orchard or roadside trees. It varies a good deal in size of pseudo-bulb, breadth of foliage, and development of panicle. I once found a quantity growing in tufts of grass on the sea-shore at Kwala Pahang. It is called " Angrek Darat " (sea-shore orchid), " Sakat Bawang " (onion-epiphyte), and *' Sakat Uhat Kapialu '* (epiphyte, medicine for headache) by the natives. The roots and leaves are boiled to make a drink for fever.
A. INDICA, Wight, Ic, V. t. 1748. Hah. Penang: Maingay.
A. PURPUKiA, BicU. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 406.
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Hob, Pabang : near Pekan. Also Borneo !
AcRiOPSis RiDLEYi, Hook, /., Fl. Brit, Ind,^ vi. p. 79.
Hah, Singapore : Bakit Mandai !
The only specimen known is one which was found on a pepper post in Bakit Mandai. It had, I think, been planted there; having been fonnd in the jungle close by when the forest was felled to make the pepper garden.
THECOSTELE, Reichb. f.
T. MACULOSA, Bidl. in Trans, Linn, 8oc,, Ser. II. {Bot) iii. (1893) p. 374.
GoUabium Wrayi, Hook, f., PL Brit. Ind., v. p. 784, et Ic. PI., t. 2065.
Hah, Pahang : Tahan River ! Kedah : Jan ! Perak: Taiping!
T. ZoLLiNGERi, Beichb.f. in Bonplandia^ v. (1857) p. 37. Hah, Perak : Waterloo Estate, Kwala Kangsa Valley, Curtis ! Penang : Government Hill, Curtis !
T. SECUNDA, Bidl, in Joum, Linn, Soc. Bot,^ xxxi. (1896) p. 299.
Hah. Perak: Thaiping ! Also Borneo.
T. Maingayi, Hook. /., Fl, Brit, Ind,, vi. p. 20. Hab. Malacca: Maingay.
T. QUINQUEPIDA, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind,^ vi. p. 20. Hah. Malacca: Maingay,
SuBTRiBE FOBOGHILEJS, The erect elongate rostellum serves to distinguish this group.
PODOCHILUS, Blnme.
P. UNCiFEEUS, Hook, /., Fl, Brit. Ind., vi. p. 81, et Ic, PL, t, 2145.
Appendicula purpurascensy Blame, Bijdr., p. 302 ; De Vriese, Illustr. [t. 12, f. 1].
LINN. JOUBN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 C
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386 MR. HENRT BIDLET ON ORCHlDEiE AND
Hah, Perak : Scortechini^ Maxwell's Hill !
Pahang : Kota Glanggi, on limestone rocks ! Also occurs in Java and Snmatra !
There is a fairly good drawing of this in De Vriese's illnatra- tions. It is very dissimilar in hahit, and in several other points differs from the rest of the genns. The stems are long, pendulous, and weak. The racemes are very slender, and usually hear several flowers ; hut these develop one hy one at a few days' interval of time. The flowers are pale rose colour, deepening into crimson at the apices of the petals and sepals ; the lip is white with a crimson violet apex ; towards the apex of the lip are two blunt linear calli. The appendage is linear oblong retuse. The pollinia are six in number on pedicels. These pedicels are spoon-shaped, broader than the pollinia, which are planted at the base of the broad portion and are but little longer than it. The disc is round. The rostellam is very small ; shorter indeed than the raised edge of the clinandrium.
PoDOCHiLUS LUCESCENS, Blume, Btjdr.y p. 295, t. 12, et Bumphia, iv. p. 43.
Hah. Kedah : Ounong Rayah, alt. 2,500 feet, abundant; CuHis, n. 2559 !
P. MICROPHTLLDS, LindL in Wall, Cat.^ 7335 A, et Oen, et Sp. Orch., p. 234, partim. Hab. Singapore : Chan Chu Kang, Ang Mo Kio, Kranji ! Johore : Gunong Pulai ! Malacca: Mt. Ophir! Pahang : Tahan River !
Penang : Gx>vemment Hill ! Bukit Laksamana, Curtis. Kedah: Kedah Peak J Common on mossy trees and rocks. The flowers are white, except for a crimson spot towards the apex of each petal and one on the disc of the lip.
P. ACicuLARis, Hook /., Fl, Brit Ind., vi. p. 82, et Ic, PL, t. 2147.
Hah, Perak : rocks at the Waterfall, Thaiping !
Penang: Maingay !
Pahang : Tahan Woods, on trees !
Kedah: Kedah Peak! This mossy- looking plant usuallj is to be found creeping over
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APOSTASUCEiE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 387
damp rocks ; but it eometimes grows on slender trees, covering them with a mat of stems. It oomparativelj seldom flowers. The flowers are white.
APPENDICULA, Blume.
The variation in the form of the nnmber and form of ite pollinia in this genus is very striking. Some species, e.g, A . pendulaj Blume, have eight very unequal pollinia, connate at a point near the base, with a very short pedicel. A. callosa, Blume, has also eight ; but they are nearly equal, slender, and quite free to the disc. A, reflexa^ Blame, has six, with hardly any pedicel, i.e., they are free on the disc nearly to the base. A. hifaria, Lindl., again has eight, two of which are rudi- mentary ; grouped in two bundles, on one fairly long pedicel. A muricatay Teysm. and Binn., has but four, seated on a veiy long pedicel, slender at the base and widening upwards into a spoon-like termination. Fodochilus unciferus^ Hook, f ., has a similar arrangement, except that there are six pollinia, with two spoon-sbaped pedicels, each of which bears three pollinia. The form of the anther-cap and rostellum vary correspondingly ; being short and broad in the forms with short pollinia and no pedicel, and longer in the others. It becomes indeed not easy to separate the two genera, PodocMlus and Appendicula. The former appears generally to have a rudiment at least of the third pair of pollinia, and does not always have the pedicel split to the disc. Usually it has the reflexed lamina-like callus, at the base of the lip ; and this may perhaps be taken as its best characteristic. But both genera require much study from living specimens before they can be satisfactoiily classified.
A. BiPARiA, Lindl. in Hnok,, Kew Joum., vii. (1855) p. 35. Hob, Singapore : Sungei Morai ! EIranji ! Bukit Timah !
Malacca: Lower woods of Ghinong Mei-ing, Ophir Ranges !
Pahang : Biver Tahan !
Selangor : Kwala Lumpur, KelsaU^ Bukit Hitam !
Penang : Government Hill !
Kedah : Gunong Raya, 2,500 feet alt, Gurtis !
Perak : Scortechini.
Also Rhio ! and Borneo !
2c2
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388 MR. HBNEY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE^ AND
On trees in mangrove swamps or dense jungle. Flowers white. Plants with lateral racemes often occur ; and in some of these the callus is more two-lobed, and the lip slightly three- lobed ; while in others the callus is quite entire and the lip rounded or even acute at the tip, so that the var. WalUchtava can hardly, I think, be kept up.
The pollinia are very long and slender, tapering into the pedicel. Six are large and apparently fully developed; the other two (the inner ones in each fascicle) are much smaller and slenderer, and apparently abortive. The pedicel is short in comparison with the pollinia, and the disc lanceolate acute.
Appendtcula callosa, Blume, Bijdr., p. 303.
Hob. Singapore : Sambanang, Sungei Morai, Bukit Timah !
Johore: Qunong Panti, alt. 1,000 feet ! Kwala Kahan I KeUall.
Malacca : Gunong Mering, Ophir range !
Perak : Maxwell's Hill !
Penang : Government Hill, Curtis !
Pahang : Tahan River !
Sungei Ujong : Bukit Sula ! N. Gantley, A very common plant in mangrove swamps or dense jungle, flowering all the year. The flowers appear one or two at a time ; they are pure white, except for the thick yellow callus on the lip, and the base of the lip, and violet-rose apices of the stelidia. The lip is parallel and adnate by its edges to the- column for the greater part of its length, then abruptly bent just before the mid-lobe, at the bend between the raised lateral lobes, and passing on to the mid-lobe is a thickened yellow patch, which is the transverse appendage of the description in the * Flora of British India.' It evidently corresponds to the epichiliary ridges and calli of other orchids and not to the basal callus (appendage) of Podochilus, I do not see that it is tubercled, as described. The mid-lobe is channelled in the centre. It is usually as broad or broader than the hypochilary portion. The mentum is full of nectar. Owing to the approxi- mation of the thickened disc between the two lateral lobes, the entrance to the mentum is very small. The anther is rather tall, with a blunt beak, and is partially divided in two by a couple of thin walls. The pollinia are eight, very thin and transparent, unequal and narrowly obliquely pyriform in out-
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apostastacej: op the malat peninsula. 389
line. They are free to the disc, there being no pedicel. The disc is large, circular, and browo in colonr. The clinandrinm is deep with a median ridge. The filament of the anther-cap is short but distinct, broad and truncate. The rostellum is long and entire.
Appendicdla elongata, BidL in Trans. Linn. Soc.j Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. ri893) p. 375. Hob. Pahang: Trees overhanging the River Tahan ! 2371.
A. Lewisii, Qriff. in Calc. Joum. Nat. Hist.^ iv. (1844) p. 378, t. 19, et Ic. PL As., t. 337. Hab. Singapore: Wallich.
Penang : West Hill, Ourtis, 993 !
Perak: Scortechini, Wray,
A. COMPLANATA, Mdl., sp. nova. Caules 1 ped. longi, com- planati, pallid e virides. Folia subremota, lanceolata, sub- membranacea, basi rotundata, apice inaequaliter bifida obtasa longiuscule mncronata, conspicue 3-nervia; vaginse ^ poll. long8B, ancipites, ore integree obliquae. Eacemi ^ poll, longi, terminales rarius laterales. Bractece lanceolataB, subobtusse, reflexae. Flores parvi, virescenti-albi ; ovaria cum pedicellis brevia. Sepala ovata, obtusa; mentum breve, scrotiforme, obtusum. Petala sepalis paullo minora. LaheUum sepalis brevius, adnatum, ovatum, obtusum, album in fauce purpureo- 2.1ineatum. Columna brevis, supeme purpurea; pes latus. Anthera ovato-lanceolata acutsB, minute pustulata, kermesina; pollinia 6, inaequalia, clavata, pallide flava; discus minimus, lanceolatus, obtusus, rufus ; rostellum ovatum, acutum, breviter bifidum, viride in medio purpureum. Stigma latum, in margine inferiore sinuatum : stelidia 0; caudiculus majus- culus, ovatus, acutus.
Hab. Selangor : Bukit Hitam, Kelsall ! Johore : Qunong Pulai !
Remarkable for its flattened stem, which appears slightly winged when dry. The foliage is rather thin, and dries green.
A. Mainqayi, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 85, et Ic. PL, t. 2151.
Hab. Perak : Scortechini.
Penang : West Hill, Curtis!
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390 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDE-E AND
Appendicula lancifolia, Hoolc. /., Fl. Brit Ind,, vi. p. 84, et Ic. PI, t. 2150.
Hab. Perak: Ganong Bata Putih, alt. 3,000-4,000 feet (King's Collector), Maxwell's Hill, alt. 3,000 feet !
The plant, which I found at the above-mentioned locality, had green, inconspicuous flowers. It was, however, nearly over ; and the lips, which are not adnate to the column, had fallen away from the flowers; but I believe this to be the species figured and described. It has distinct, though short, truncate stelidia.
A. UNCATA, Ridl., sp, nova. Elata, ultra-pedalis. Folia 2 poll, longa, f poll, lata, oblongo-lanceolata, submembranacea, distincto 3-nervia, apice ineequaliter biloba mucronulo inter- jecto ; vaginae f poll, lougee, subteretes, supeme ampliatsB. Bacemi ^ poll, longi, subterminales aut laterales, peuduli, basi saepe nudi. Bractece majusculee, cjmbiformes, ovatae. Flares c. 10, virides. Sepala ovata acuta; mentum majusculum obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora, ovata-lanceolata. LabeUum integrum, oblongum, apice rotundatum, liberum ; callus in disco situs indivisus. Columna brevis, crassa. Anthera elongata, lanceolata, acuta; stelidia 0. Bostellum magnum, lanceo- latum, triaugulare, biiidum. Stigma grande, hemisphaBricum, marginatum.
Hab. Selangor: Pataling, near Kwala Lumpur, on an old tree in dense jungle !
This i^ allied closely to A. pendula, Blume, and A. landfolia. Hook, f . ; but the former has a broad adnate lip, and the latter has longer racemes, and indistinct nerves on the leaves, and no callus on the lip.
A. REFLEXA, Blume, Bijdr., p. 301. Caules ferme 2-podales, validuli. Folia 1 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, oblongo-elliptica, approzimata, tenuiter coriacea, supeme canaliculata, atroviridia subtus pallidiora, in gicco nigricantia, apice ferme aequaliter biloba mucrone interjecto ; vaginae | poll. longaB, teretes, hand ampliataB, ore obliquae. Bacemi ^ poll, longi, plures, laterales, basi a bracteis paucis lanceolatis acuminatis ornati, supeme a floribus coDgestis tecti. Bractece florales lancolatae, obtusae, reflexaB. Fhres minimi. Sepalum posticum lanceolato-ovatum obtusum, lateralia multo majora ovata; mentum cum sepalis aequilongum, obtusum. Petala parva, linearia; sepala petala
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APOSTASUCEA OF THB MALAY PBNINSULA. 391
viridia. LabeUum albnm calceolatum ; lobus medinB ovatus, acutns, recurvus. Columna brevis, crassa; Anthera ovata, tennis, biloonlaris, breviter rostrata; pollinia 6, pjrriformia, snbsBqnalia; discns parvns, bmnens. Stigma latnm, hand profnndnm. Oapsula sessilis, oblonga ; cost® eleyat», eBqnales.
Hab, Jobore : Batn Pabat !
Also Bnitenzorg, in Java, Dr. Treub,
Blnme's description is yeiy short ; bnt as far as it goes, it agrees with this species. The flowers are remarkably small. A. cordatOj Hook, f., is near this, if not identical.
Appindicula torta, Blume, Bijdr,^ p. 303.
Hob. Selan^or : limestone caves, Kwala Lnmpnr ! Perak : Maxwell's Hill !
Flowers pale yellow, with a crimson anther. I do not understand how Bieichenbach's A. rhodiola, Xenia Oroh., ii. p. 118, differs from this species. I have received plants from Dr. Treub, from Java, and also collected it in the above- mentioned localities ; and in all the bracts of the inflorescence were of a creamy white, and not pink.
A. XYTRiOPHORA, Beichb. f. in Seem. Fl. Vit., p. 299. Hab. Perak : Scortechini.
A. BUPESTBis, Bidl.^ $p. nova. Ceespitosa, mpicola. Bodices copiossB; rhizoma breve, crassiuscalom. Caules 8 poll, longi, plnres, teretes, graciles. Folia | poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, lanceolato-linearia, apice tmncata emarginata longins mncro- nnlata; vaginae ^ poll, longse, snperne ampliatee. Bacemi i-li poll, longi, terminales, basi a bracteis pancis linearibus tecti. BractecB florales lanceolate snbacntea, deflexaB. Flores parvi. Sepalum posticam ovatum, lateralia majora; mentum breve, rectum, obtusum. PetcUa sepalis minora lanceolata; sepala petala alba. LabeUum oblongo-ellipticum obtusum, fere liberum, ecallosum. Columna brevis ; pes longus. Anthera rotundata, bilocularis; rostellum breve, bifldnm. Stigm^a latum, rotundatum ; clinandrium prof nudum ; stelidia 0.
HaB. Pahang : Bocks in the stream, Tahan Biver !
This grows in clefts in the rooks in the Tahan Biver. It has a thick though short rhizome, emitting copious roots. The stems are very slender, and covered with grassy leaves. The flowers are very small. The lip is free from the column to the base, quite entire, with the edges at the apex thickened.
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392 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDFJE AND
Appendicula mubicata, Teysm. and Binn. in Tijdschr, NederL Ind., xxiv. (1862) p. 322.
A. echinocarpay Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 85, et Ic. PI., t. 2162.
Habm Perak: Scortechini.
Kcdah : Kedah Peak, alt. 3,000 feet, common ! Java : Mt. Salak, Teysmann,
Tejsmann and Binnendijk's description of this plant is really a good one, and I think it is qnite clear what they intended. The only dilFerences I note between their plant and the Kedah one are that they describe the sepals as *' violascentia apice lutescentia " ; whereas the Kedah plant has them of a greenish white ; the petals are described as linear, whereas I should call them lanceolate. The sepals, which are slightly keeled, are covered, as in the ovary, with remarkable crystalline processes. The lip bears, on the upper side at the apex, a short conical tooth. The colnmn is somewhat remarkable ; it has a pair of broad stelidia, one angle of which is acute. The stigma is terminal; but the front margin projects beyond the stelidia. The whole of it, including the viscid fluid on its surface, is amethyst crimson. The very long rostellum and anther are erect and stand far behind it. The anther has a fairly long) slender, emerald green filament. The base is nearly globose and it ends in a long slender beak. The pollen masses are four only, thin, lanceolate, and nearly equal. They are fixed to the outer face of the upper part of the very long spoon-shaped pedicel. The disc is elliptic, fairly large, and bufF coloured. The rostellum is large, the edges involute, the apex shortly bifid.
The plant grows on trees low down, forming large tufts.
A. LuciDA, Eidl.f $p. nova, Oaules 6 poll, longi, plures, congesti, erecti. Folia | poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, cordata, ovata, amplexicaulia, polita, atroviridia, apice inaequaliter biloba, minute mucronata; vaginae ^ poll. longsB, striolat®. Paniculce } poll, longee, axillares ; rami plares, tenues. Bractem breves, ovataB, acatae. Flores minuti, albescenti - virides ; pedicelli tenues. Sepalum posticum ovatum obtuBum aut subacutum, lateralia ovata subacuta ; mentum saccatum. Petala sepalo postico pauUo breviora, lauceolata ; sepala petala virescentia, a lineis medianis purpurascentibus omata.
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APOSTASIACEJS OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 393
LabeUum integrum, album, basi oblongnm, apice (epichilio) ovato-orbiculare deflexum ; caUns medianus conicas adest. Oolumna crassa, alba. Anthera pyriformis, obtuse rostrata; pollinia 6, angusta, elongata, insdqnalia, in discam ovatom attenoata ; rostellam lineari-oblongnm, bifidum. Stigma column^ latins, qnadratnm, pnrpnreo-marginatnm.
Hah. Singapore : Kranji ! Chan Chn Kang ! Selangor: Seppan! Also Rhio.
A tnfted plant remarkable for its shining dark green leaves and branching inflorescence of minnte flowers. When dry, the whole plant becomes black. It is common on trees in mangrove Bwamps and banks of tidal rivers.
THELASIS, Blame.
T. ELONGATA, Blume, Orch, Archip. Ind,, p. 23, t. 7, fig. 2, et t. 5, fig. C.
Hah, Singapore : Kranji, on mangroves ! Ac. Johore : Batu Pahat ! Pahang: Pekan !
The common plant is so similar to Blame's figure, that I have no doubt as to its being the plant he intended. It is abundant on the branches of trees in mangrove swamps. Cuming's n. 2062, Philippines, looks exactly the same to me.
It is a small insignificant plant with light green flowers.
Var. MAJOR, Ridl.^ var, nova, Omnino major et validior. Pseudo-bulbi ferme pollicares. Folia 4 poll, longa, \ lata. Scapi 5 poll, longa, validi; vagina in medio ^ poll, longa. Spica crassa. Bractesd majores.
Hab, Selangor : Kwala Lumpur, KeUall ! Pahang: Tahan River Woods!
Different as this form looks from the common little stunted plant, I can only think it is a much larger and stronger variety, growing in wetter, more shaded, spots.
T. CAPiTATA, Blume, Bijdr.y p. 386, et Orch. Archip. Ind.y p. 20, t. 7, fig. 1.
Hah. Perak: Scortechini.
T. MACROBULBON, BicU., sp. nova. Bodices tenues copiosso. Fseudo-buUma e 2 nodis stmctus ; nodus inferior \ poll, longus
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394 MB. HENBT RIDLEY ON OBCHIDBJC AND
sobglobosus, superior ^ poll. loDgns cylindricas a vagin& folii iDferioris tectas. Folia 2, inferins 1 poll, longam, ^ poll, latiim, lanceolatum, Baperins 4-6 poll, longnm, 1 poll, latum, lanceolatam vel ellipticum obtosnm petiolatum. Scapi 6-10 poll, longi, laterales, erecti vel nntantes, in ^ parte inferiore (vaginis paacis acnminatis exceptis) nudi ; racemas laxas, multiflonis. Mores parvi, sessileu, yirides. Bractece ^ poll. longSB, lanceolatse cuBpidatsB. Sepala oblonga obtusa, ecarinata. PetcUa sepalis minora. Labellum petalis brevius magis camosum, lanceolatum subacntum. Anthera lanceolata, acuta; pollinia 4, parva, glabra. Bostellum anther^ longius, ovatum acuminatum, prof undo bifidum.
Hob, Maxweirs Hill, on a fallen tree !
A very distinct plant, with the pseudo-bulbs of T. longifolia. Hook f ., but with two well-developed but unequal broad leaves, and a very different lip. The rostellum is bipartite; as, indeed, it is also in T. elongata, Blume, so that this cannot be used as a distinguishing character for Oxyanthera,
OXYANTHERA, Brongn.
0. ELATA, Hook. /., Ic, Fly t. 2156.
Thelads elata, Hook, f ., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 87.
Hab. Singapore : Blranji ! Sungei Buloh ! Sungei Morai !
Pahang : Kwala Pahang, Kota Glanggi !
Perak: Thaiping Hills !
Penang: Government Hill, Maingay,
Also Djambi in Sumatra ! and Borneo ! A common plant, with insignificant greenish and bnff flowers.
0. DECURVA, Hook. /., Ic. Fl, t. 2167. Thelasis clecurva, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 87. Hab, Singapore: Sungei Morai, Selitar! Kranji! Bukit Mandai, Serangoon, &c. !
Penang: Maingay,
Pahang : Tahan River ! I have it also from Pulau Condore near Saigon, Rhio, Borneo, and Djambi in Sumatra.
It is common in mangrove swamps, <&c.
In the figures of both of these species in the ' Icones Plantarum'
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APOSTASIACEiE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 895
the flowers are made to spread widely open. In nature thej are closed, and only the tips of the sepals and petals separate.
Teibe NE0TTIE2E.
GALEOLA, Lour.
G. JAYANICA, Benth, et Hook. /., Oen. PL, iii. p. 590. I found a single plant of what may be this species in the jungle on Maxwell's Hill in Perak.
G. ALTissiMA, Beichh. /., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 77. Hob. Singapore : Chan Chu Kang !
Johore : Bukit Murdom ! Gunong Panti !
Penang: Curtis.
Perak : Scortechini,
G. Htdra, Beichh. /., Xenia Orch., ii. p. 77. Hob. Singapore : Kranji ! Sungei Buloh ! Johore : Gunong Taning ! Selangor: Kwala Lumpur, G. Curtis! Perak : Thaiping Hills, at Maxwell's Hill ! and
Waterloo Estate ! Siam : Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith ! These curious plants appear in the most unexpected places, sometimes covering old stumps, or climbing up tree trunks in thick jungle, sometimes in hot and dry exposed grass fields, and I have even seen them clambering on roofs of native huts.
VANILLA, Swartz.
V. Geiffithii, Beichh. f. in Bonplandia, ii. (1854) p. 88. V. aXbida, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 91 (non Blume). F. tolypephcn-ay Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 376. Hah. Singapore : on Pulau Ubin, abundant !
Selangor : Bukit Hitam, Kelsall !
Malacca: Gnffith.
Perak : fide Hooker f.. I.e.
Penang : Waterfall Hill ! and Telok Bahang, Curtis ! I have also seen this plant on the Carimon Islands. The natives call it " Telinah Kerhau Bukity** and " Akar Punuhal.*'
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396 MR. HENRT RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEJ! AND
They ponnd up the flowers with water, and rub the paste over the body in cases of fever; and also use the leaves mashed with oil to thicken and strengthen the hair. The whitish latex of the plant has a very irritating action on the skin.
I met with a plant in Pahang with larger and blnnter leaves, which was out of flower, and may be a distinct species.
I believe that GriflBth's description of a Vanilla (Notulfls, iii. 247), and the figure (Ic. PI. As., t. 281), is intended for this species, and consequently Reichen bach's V. Griffithii, I.e., is the oldest name. There are, however, some slight differences between the Singapore plants and Griffith's figure and descrip- tion, and no locality is given for the latter.
CORYMBIS, Thouars.
C. LONGIFLORA, Hook. /., FL Brit. Ind., vi. p. 92.
Hab. Singapore : Pulau Ubin ! Choa Chu Kang ! Malacca : Selandor ! Panchor ! Selangor : Kwala Ijumpur ! Perak : Gunong Hijan ! Thaiping Hills !
It is really difficult to separate the species of this genus satisfactorily ; and I think it highly probable that a good suite of specimens will show that all or nearly all the named species are merely forms of one.
C, Thouarsii, Reichb. f., from Africa and its islands is, according to Blume's figure (Orch. Archip. Ind., t. 44, fig. 1, A — C), distinguishable by its narrower perianth segments ; and C. veratrifolia, Reichb. f., has shorter flowers than C longifloray Hook, f., in which, too, I find the sepals and petals are more spathulate and the latter more crisped along the edge. The height of the plant and form of leaf are characters too variable to be of any value ; and I am very doubtful as to the value of the length of the capsule, and proportionate size of the column.
G, longiflora, Hook, f., is widely scattered over the peninsula, and sometimes may be found in abundance ; but it seldom flowers. It is an inhabitant of damp dark jungle, sometimes growing on rocks. The flowers are pure white and deliciously scented. The natives call it ^^ Lulumhah Payahy^ i.e.. Marsh CurcuUgo,
C. RHTTiDOCARPA, Hooh. /., Fl. Brit Ind., vi. p. 92. Hah. Perak: Scortechini, Wray.
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 397
CoRYMBis BREViSTYLis, Hook, /., Fl. Brit, Ind.y vi. p. 92. Hah, Perak: limestone rocks {King's Collector),
TROPIDIA, Lindl.
T. SQUAMATA, Blume, Orch, Archyp, Ind,^ p. 123, t. 41.
Hab, Malacca : Mt. Opbir ! Ayer Pannas ! Panchor ! Selangor : Bukit Hitam, Kelsall ! Perak: Maxwell's Hill ! Kedah : Kedah Peak (n. 5129) !
Not rare, but very seldom flowering. The flowers are greenish-white, sweetly scented of vanilla. It grows in dense, shady woods. Plants cultivated in Singapore closely resembled Blame's drawings. Perhaps tbe T, graminea of the * Fl. Brit. Ind.,* vi. p. 93, of which only one specimen was seen, and that from a locality wbere T. squamata is abundant, is a form of this. Blume figures no floral details of T, squamata, Tbey much resemble those of T. graminea^ except that there are no crests on the lip. He distinguishes it by its bi*oader leaves, and lateral racemes.
T. Mainqayi, Hook, /., FU Brit, Ind,, vi. p. 93. Hob, Malacca: Mt. Opbir!
T. CUECULIGOIDES, Lindl,, Gen, et 8p, Orch., p. 497, et in WaU, List, n. 7386.
Hab. ? Perak: Wray (Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 93).
I have seen nothing bere like this species, and the specimen in Herb. Kew looks not unlike T, squamata, Blume.
VRYDAGZYNEA, Blume.
V. ALBiDA, Blume, Orch, Archip, Ind,, p. 76, t. 19, f. 2. Hah. Singapore: Cban Chu Kang! Bukit Mandai! Choa ChuEang! Perak: Padang, Wray, A tolerably abundant little plant in some of the damp dense jungles. The margins of the leaves are often undulate ; but I think Scortechini's drawing n. 5, referred doubtfully to this, may be rather V. lancifolia, Ridl. The " glandulsB pedicellatcB "
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in the spar in this genns rise from the column just below the rostellum in the buds ; and descend with the spur, lengthening as it lengthens, eventually becoming attached to it.
Vbtdagzynea gracilis, Blumcj Orch, Archip. Ind., p. 72, t. 17, et t. 20, fig. 1.
Hah. Perak : Horum, Scortechini.
V. LANCIPOLIA, BidL, *p. nova. Bhieoma S89pe longum. Gavles 6-9 poll, longi, erecti, succulenti. Folia lJ-3 poll, louga, ^f poll, lata, lanceolata, acuta, obliqua, viridia, basi ssspe acuta ; petiolus ^-\ poll, longus. Pedunculus brevis vel longiuscula ; racemus usque ad 2 poll, longus, multiflorus, densus, cylindricus. Flares glabri ; bracteae ^ poll, longee, lanceo- latsB acuminatae. Sepala lanceolata, lateralia latiora falcata. Petala sepalo postico agglutinata breyiora, in marginibus tenuia. LaheUum petalis multo brevins, oblongum, obtusum ; mai'gines involuti ; linea mediana tenuis, glabra, elevaia ; calcar subcylindricum, obtusum ; glandnlsB globos», in pedicellis brevibus brevissime libersB. Golwnna brevis, crassa; rostelli lobi oblongi, obtusi. Anthera ovata, glanduloso - cristata. Oapsula ferme \ poll, longa, ovoidea, superne attenuata.
Hob. Singapore : Bukit Timah ! Johore : Qunong Panti !
Abundant by streams, and in wet spots in dense jungle on Bukit Timah. The leaves, which are very variable in size, are much narrower in proportion to their leugth than in other species, often narrowly lanceolate and acute at both ends. The two lateral nerves and the keel are prominent. Usually the leaves are tufted at the top of the stem ; but sometimes the stem is leafy throughout. The raceme is often nearly sessile when young, but the peduncle continues to grow as the raceme lengthens. The flowers are white, but the tips of the sepals are commonly tinted with pink.
V. TRISTRIATA, Bidl^ sp. Hova. Caules 6 poll, longi. FoUa 1^ poll, longa, ^ poll, lata, ovata, acuta, tenuia, remota, olivacea, roseo-B-striata. Racemus foliis brevier, subsessilis, densus, multiflorus. Bractece lanceolate, acumiuatae, rufescentes. Flares parvi, albi. Sepala lanceolato-oblonga, alba basi olivacea, lateralia paullo obliqua. Petala sepalo postico adnata, cum hoc eequilonga. LaheUum sepalis brevius, lanceolatum, linguiforme,
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APOSTASIACEiE OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 399
obiosnm, incrassatum, album, in medio a pnlvino pastnloso aiictnm ; calcar elongatnm, saccatam : glandalaB ^ parti calcaris adnat8B, pedicellatee, globosae, flayae. Columna brevis, crassa. Anthera ovata, rostrata ; pollinia 2, elougata, pjriformia.
Hob. Singapore : Chan Cbu Kang !
Sporadic in thick wet woods.
A very pretty little species, with deep reddish oliye-leaves with three distinct pink stripes.
MACODES, Blnme.
M. Pbtola, Lindl, Oen. et Sjf. Orch.j p. 497 ; Blume, Orch. Archip. Ind., p. 119, t. 31, f. 2. Hah, Singapore: Selitar ! Selangor !
Johore : Gnnong Panti ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir ! This is decidedly nncommon, though widely scattered throaghont the peninsala. It is very seldom to be met with in flower. Blame's fignre is a very good one of the peninsular plant ; but he figures the bract as much shorter than the ovary, instead of being quite as long as it, as it is in our plant ; and the pollinia I found in the Mount Ophir plant are longer and narrower, and have a longer pedicel and much smaller disc than those he figures.
CYSTORCHIS, Blume.
C. VARiEGATA, Blume, Orch. Archip. Ind., p. 89, t. 24, f . 3. Hah, Singapore : Chan Chu Kang, Bokit Mandai, &c. ! Johore : Gunong Panti ! Pahang : Tahan River Woods ! Perak : Batu Kuran, Curtis ! Kedah : Kedah Peak ! By no means a rare plant ; growing in dense jungle, and often along paths therein. The leaves are pale apple-green reticulated with darker bars.
Var. PURPUREA, Eidl, 0, javantea, Blume, I.e., p. 87 ; Hetceria javanica, Blume, Bijdr., p. 410.
Hob, Singapore: Choa Chu Kang !
Pahang : Tahan Woods, with the commoner variety ! I cannot make anything but a variety of this plant. The
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qqIj differences that I can see lie in the deep purple colour of the leaf. The " crenate " rather undulate margin is by no means constant in the form.
I have kept the green form 0. variegata as the tjpe, as it is by far the commonest ; and altered the varietal name to purpurea instead of using javanica because (both species being indigenous to Java) it has no distinctive meaning.
Cystobchis aphylla, BidL, sp. nova, Herba 4-pollicaris, pallida, saprophytica, aphylla ; vaginaB acuminatsB, supeme rufes- centes ; radices paucsB, crassse, fasciculatae. Flares 3-4, parvi ; ovaria \ poll, longa ; bractesB ovariis paullo breviores, lanceolatsa acuminatsa acutsB. Sepala ^ poll, longa, lanceolata acuminata, basi connata gibbosa, flavescentia apice rufescentia. Fetala sepalis breviora angustiora. Labellum lanceolatum, basi saccatum, apice obtusum ; margines pro majore parte involuti. Oolumna subteres, supeme incrussata. Anthera ovata ; rostrum sursum curvum ; caudiculus longiusculus, acutus ; stelidia dentiformia, lata, divaricata ; rostellum 0. Pollinia admodum fissilia ; fasciculi lineares, in pedicellis elongatis planis cuneati. SUgma terminale.
Hob, Malacca : Dense jungle at Merlimau, fl. November !
A remarkable saprophytic species, in which the rostellum seems to be entirely suppressed, and the stigma upturned so that the pollen readily falls into it and fertilizes it. The lip has the shape of that of 0. variegata, Blume ; the base is excavate or depressed, the middle portion has the sides rolled in till they meet, but are open again at the apex. The thick rounded column may have been modified in the few flowers I have seen by fertilization. Although the plant is self -fertilized there is plenty of nectar in the spur of the lip. The pollen is very pulverulent, broken up into very narrow wedge-shaped pieces, which readily fall into the lip, and as there is no rostellum, into the stigpma also. It is a rare plant and I have only met with a few specimens in fruit and one in flower.
ODONTOCHILUS, Blume.
O. MACBANTHUS, Hooh. /., FL Brit Ind.y vi. p. 90, et Ic, Fl, t. 2161. Hob, Perak : Tea gardens, Maxwell's Hill, Curtis ! <fec.
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AP0STA6IACEA OF THE MALAT PENINSULA. 401
Odontochilus calcaeatus, Hook, /., Fl, Brit Ind., vi. p. 99, €t Ic. PI, t. 2162.
Hah. Perak : on a rock on the Hermitage Hill !
0. PECTINATUM, Hook, /., Fl, Brtt. Ind., vi. p. 99, et Ic, PI, t. 2165.
Hob, Perak : on rocks on Maxwell's Hill near the top !
Bather a prettj plant, flowering in Jane. Leaves dark green, sepals and petals green, lip white.
0. BEEVI8TTLIS, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind.y vi. p. 100, et Ic. PZ., t. 2166.
Hob, Perak : Gnnong Batu Putih, Wray.
H^MARIA, Lindl.
H. DISCOLOR, Lindl., Oen. et 8p. Orch., p. 490.
Hah. Johore : Pnlau Tioman ! Pulau Aor ! Pnlan Tinggi ! Penang : Penang Hill, G. Curtis !
Var. Ordiana, var. nor., with the leaves bright velvety green, with pale veins, is obtained in Pnlan Tinggi. It is very mnch rarer than the dark red form.
Var. CoNOOLOR, var. nov. Leaves deep olive green with pink midrib. I received this from Saigon from Dr. Bronsmiche.
Var. Otletje, Ridl. H. Otletce, Rolfe, in Illnstr. Hortic, xxxviii. (1891) p. 31, t. 124, is a narrow- leaved form which sometimes appears with the commoner forms.
The well-known locality for this orchid is on the islands lying off the east coast of Johore. On the nearest, Pnlan Tioman, I have fonnd it growing on rocks in the streams. The natives, who deal in it and import it in large quantities, call it '' Daun Low" i.e., Sir Hugh Low's leaf.
The flowers, which are pure white, except for the conspicuons yellow anther-cap and apex of the column, are unusually showy for this section of Neottece. I have seen them fertilized by a butterfly, viz., Plesioneura asmara. This insect, which has very long legs, settled on the spreading sepals and lip, and plunged its proboscis into the opening of the spur between the lip and column, which are closely appressed together. While thus engaged one of its lefb legs struck against the viscid disc of the poUinia, which it withdrew, and which remained adhering
LINN. JOURN. — botany, VOL. XXIII. 2 D
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to it. The column in this plant is so twisted to one side that an insect seeking honey in the spar could not, unless yeiy large, touch the poUinia with its head. The stigma is a projecting cushion placed a little below the anther-cap. The butterfly, after sucking the nectar for some seconds, darted suddenly to another flower, and struck with its leg the stigma implanting the pollinia on it ; but as it immediately flew off again a portion only of the pollen adhered to the stigma. I caught another specimen at the flowers which bore the pollen masses firmly attached to the right fore-foot.
Hcemaria seems to be specially adapted for butterfly-fertiliza- tion in several points. Unlike many Neottiece, it inhabits sunny rocks near streams where butterflies are abundant. The flowers are showy and white, the colour of most of the butterfly -haunted flowers in the jungle ; and the remarkable twist in the column and lip seem to be intended to ensure the visiting insect in striking the viscid disc and stigma with its legs.
DOSSINIA, Morjren.
D. MARMOBATA, C. MoTT. in Ann. Soc. Gand^ iv. (1848) p. 171, 1. 195.
Hob. Penang : Government Hill, C, Curtis ! The only locality known outside Borneo.
ZEUXINE, Lindl.
Z. AFFiNis, Benth, ex Hook, /., Fl. Brit. Ind.^ vi. p. 108. Hah. Penang : Maingay^ Curtis !
L. BENiFOBMis, HooJc. /., Fl. Brit. IrA., vi. p. 107, et Ic. Pi., t. 2173.
Hah. Perak: Scortechini.
HYLOPHILA, Lindl.
H. MOLLIS, Lindl, Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 490, et in WaU, List^ n. 7396.
Hah. Singapore: common; Chan Chu Kang! Choa Chu Kang ! Toa Payoh ! Tehan ! Kranji ! Malacca: Griffith. Perak: Scortechini.
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apostasiackj: op the malat peninsula. 403
This plant grows often in great abundance in wet swamps in thick jungle, usually with Galanthe curcultgoides, Wall. It is a very sticky plant with green flowers.
Hylophila lanceolata, Hook. /., Fl Brit. Ind., vi. p. 110. Hob. Perak: Scortechint.
GOODYERA, R. Br.
G. GRACILIS, Hook, /., FL Brit Ind., vi. p. 112.
Hob, Perak : Gunong Hijan, Thaiping Hills !
I have twice met with this little plant in the same spot, but it is not very common there. It grows on mossy banks on the highest part of the Gunong Hijan ridge. The leaves are very deep velvety green and waved along the edge; the flowers white and sweet-scented. The capsule is oblong elliptic ^ inch in length. It flowers in June.
G. RUBENS, Blume, Orch. Archip, Ind,, p. 43, t. 9, fig, 1. Hah, Perak : Batang Padang, Wray.
G. CORDATA, Nichols., Did, Oard., ii. p. 81.
Oeorchis cordata, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 496.
Hab, ? Perak : Scortechini (Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 114).
HET^RIA, Blume.
H. ORLIQUA, Blume, Orch, Archip. Ind., p. 104, t. 34, fig. 1.
Hah, Singapore : Bukit Timah, in dense jungle, rare ! Flowering in September* Sungei Ujong : Bukit Danan !
This was described and figured by Blume from Lake Babay, in Borneo. The Singapore plant differs slightly in having a silver central bar on the leaf. The lip is full of nectar, and bears two pairs of small plates, each ending in a point in the sac.
It is called ^* Poko Tumhah Utar,** and the leaves are used for poolticing sore legs by the natives.
H. ELATA, Hook, /., Fl. Brit. Ivd., vi. p. 116, et Ic, FL, t. 2191.
Hah. Perak : Batang Padang, Wray.
2d2
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404 MR. HENRT RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEiE AND
Hetjeria elonoata, LincU,, Oen. et 8p. Orch,, p. 494, et in WaU, List, n. 7384.
Hob. " Malay Peninsula" : FirUayson (Wall. List, I.e.).
This is perhaps from Cochin - China, where Finlayson collected. It seems never to have been collected by anyone else.
H. NITIDA, Ridl.f sp. nova. Caulis ultra J poll, crassns, snccnlentus, ascendens, olivaceus ; radices crassse. Folia 3 poll, longa, 1-^ poll, lata, ovata, acnta, atro-viridia, nitida ; petiolns 1^ poll, longus, canalicnlatns ; vagina ^ poll, longa, ore obliqna. Scapus 9 poll, longus, gracilis, erectus, pubescens ; vagin» plures, dissitse ; racemus plurimifloms. Flores parvi, rhachidi appressi, resapinati. Bractece \ poll, longse, lanceolatae, acuminatfiB, rubr». OvaHum \ poll, longum, cylindricum, sessile, glanduloso-pubescens. Sepala ^ poll, longa, oblongo- ovata, »qualia, baud gibbosa, rufescentia, extra pubescentia. Peiala sepalis breviora tenuiora, spathulata, glabra, alba, basi libera. LaheUum sepalis multo brevius, camosum, flavum, columnse adnatum, cymbiforme, basi saccatum a papillis parvis 2-seriatis omatam, apice rostratum marginibus involutis. Columna brevis, sapeme incrassata; clinandrium parvum, profundum. Anthera ovata, acuminata, rufescens; locoli disjuncti ; margines tenues, albi, basi divaricati. PoUdnia 2, pyriformia; caudiculus 1, breviter linearis, cum disco lineari- oblongo »quilongus. EosteUi lobi 2, breviter lineares. Stigma latum, olivaceum ; stelidia linearia, cum rostello aequilonga. Hab. Penang : Pulau Butong ! Balik Pulau ! (7. Curtis, Near H, micrantha, Blume, but with spathulate not linear petals and witb a very different lip. The leaves are deep green and polished. As is usual in the genus, the flowers are reversed, the small lip and lateral sepals being uppermost. The latter are of a dull red colour, and the pare white petals are the most conspicuous portion of the flower.
H. ALBA, Bidl,, sp. nova. Herba elata, ferme 2^ pedalis ; radices longee, crasssB, lanuginosse. Folia usque ad 4 poll, longa, 1 f lata, plora, ovata vel ovato-acuminata, acuta, obliqua ; petioli 1 poll, longi, graciles ; vaginse magnsB, supeme ampliatas. Eacemus 10 poll, longus, pluriflorus ; rhachis pubescens. Flores parvi, tenues, glabri, flavi. Bractece \ poll. longsB, lanceolatse,
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APOSTASIACEiE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 405
acnminatae. Ovarium J poll, longum, cylindricum, sessile, pnbescens. Sepala lanceolata, obtusa, glabra. Petala sepalis tenniora, cum his aeqnilonga. Lahellum petalis panllo brevius, membranacenm, basi cymbiforme saccatnm a callis 2 brevibus linearibns omatnm, im& basi colnmnfle adnatnra ; lamina lanceolata, marginibns inyolntis. Golumiia brevis. Anthera rostello longior, lanceolato-linearis ; stelidia magna, oblique cuneato-oblonga. BosteUum breyius; lobi lanceolato-lineares, apice incurvi. Gafsula \ poll, longa, ellipsoidea.
Hah, Perak : on a bank by the road, Hermitage Hill, Kwala Kangsa Valley ; a single plant (descr. ex sicco) !
The only specimen I have seen was nearly out of flower, and the pollen had all gone. It is a tall plant of the habit of Ooodyera ruhtnsj Blume, and differs from other Hetserias in the short bracts, thin textured glabrous perianth. The lip and petal contain many bundles of rhaphides. The anther is remarkably long and narrow. The stelidia very large, flattened and enlarged upwards ; the rostellar lobes are quite short.
LEPIDOGYNE, Blume.
L. LONGiFOLiA, BVumBy Orch, Archip, Ind,, p. 94, t. 25.
This rare plant has been re-discovered by Mr. Hullett in the Island of Idngga, on the mountain called Ounong Dai, and by Mr. Curtis in Penang. Blume collected it on Mt. Salak, in Java.
APHYLLORCHIS, Blume.
A. PALLIDA, Blume, Bijdr,, t. 77 ; Mus. Boi, Lugd. Bat,, i. p. 30, et Orch, Archip, Ind,, p. 52, t. 13.
Hab. Singapore : Tanglin ! Reservoir Woods ! Pahang : Tahan Woods ! Perak : Scortechini, Ac. All the plant3 which I have seen were of a pale straw colour with pink dots. It is a very difficult plant to find, owing to its very inconspicuous colouring. In Singapore and Pahang it grows in dry woods, among dead leaves.
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ANCBCTOCHILUS, Blume.
A. Rbinwardtii, Bhimej Orch. Archip. Ind., p. 48, t. 12, %2.
Hah. PeraJc : Maxwell's Hill !
Eedah: Eedah Peak ! Not as common as the next.'
A. GENICULATA, EidL^ sp, Hova, Caulis repens. Folia 2-3, 1-2 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, ovata, acnta vel subacnta, ▼elntina, branea anreo-reticulata ; petioli breves. Bacemus S poll, longos, pauoiflorQs, pnbescens, olivaceus ; vagin® ^ poll. long», acominatfla. Braciece ^ poll, longse, ovariis breviores, lanceolatee acominatae, pnbescentes, rnfescentes. Sepalum posticnm lanceolatum acntnm rnfescens petalis albis pellacidis adnatam, lateralia paten ti-deflexa basi gibbosa rafa pnbescentia. LabeUum album ; basis angnsta, colnmnse parallela, tunc abropte genicalata deflexa ; macnlsB 2, mf», sab geniculo sitae ; fimbrise usqne ad 18, longse ; lobi obcuneati, erecti, trancati ; labelli apex acntos, dentiformis, deflexns. Calcar f poll, longnm, sepalis longins, cnrvnm, obtnsum, latum, lateraliter compressum, basi a glandulis 2 ovoideis papillosis ornatum. Columna brevis, lata. Anthera elongata acuminata, rufescens. PolUma clayata, incur^a ; caudiculus linearis, planus, in dorso canalicolatus ; discus cuneatus, acutus. Stelidia falcata, decurva. Eostellum loratum, bifidum. Stigmata lateralia, rotundata. Hob. Singapore: Toas! Chan Chu Kang! and other wooded districts.
Johore : Gunong Panti !
Penang : West Hill, Curtis.
Malacca: Mt. Ophir. This species differs from the last chiefly in the form ot the lip. In habit and colouring of leaf it seems indistinguishable. The claw of the lip runs at first parallel to the erect colomn, then is abruptly bent downwards, and then again at right angles to the base. On this portion only are borne the white processes, about nine on each side, sometimes branched. The terminal lobes are rather narrower than in A. Beinwardtii^ Blume, and are cnrvate, enlarged at the apex, and the point of the lip is tooth-like and abruptly deflexed. The knee of the claw is polished white, except for two red spots just below the
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APOSTASIACEJE OP THE MALAT PENINSULA. 407
bend. The spur is considerably longer than the deflexed sepals, curved, broad, and laterally flattened. The anther is very mnch longer than in A, Beinwa/rdtii^ and consequently the pedicel of the pollen masses is also elongate. The AnoBctocMU frequent the densest jungles, where they grow among dead leaves, among which their brown foliage is not at all con- spicuous. The natives call them in Malacca " Bunga Tulis^'' lit., Written flowers — the reticulations on the leaf being supposed to resemble writing.
CRFPTOSTYLIS, R. Br.
C. Arachnites, Blvme, Orch. Arehip, Ind,y 138, t. 46, f. 2.
There are two very distinct looking forms of this plant which will probably eventually be shown to be specifically distinct. One has a very broad, pale lip with darker spots, evidently typical 0. Arachnites, I have collected it on Maxwell's Hill, in Perak.
The other, which is commoner, has a narrower dark brown lip, and is perhaps 0. fXijormis^ Blume, though it differs from the figure and description in having mottled leaves, and some- times a very tall, slender raceme considerably over a foot in length. I have this from Merlimau, in Malacca; Government Hill, Penang ; Bnkit Hitam, in Selangor (colL B., KeUaU) ; Kedah Peak ; and Bukit Timah, in Singapore.
Cryptosiylts inhabits banks, usually at considerable elevations (from 2-5,000 feet), the Malacca and Singapore localities being the only low-country spots whence I have seen it. It is called *' Bunga Bangkong " in Malacca.
CORYSANTHES, R. Br.
C. PICTA, Lindl.y Oen. et 8p. Orch.y p. 394.
Hab. Kedah Peak : alt., 4,000.
Perak : Tambak Batak, Scorteckini,
Scortechini's drawing seems more to resemble C. mucronata^ Blume. The Kedah Peak plant, too, does not altogether resemble Blume's figure, in which the leaves, which are much larger, are veined with purple instead of white, and the flower is violet with dark sepals and petals, while the Kedah plant
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408 MR. HENRT BIDLET ON OBCHIDEiE AND
had white sepals and petals and a deep maroon lip. It grew abundantly, deep in moss, but seems to flower rarely. The remarkable growth of the pedicel jnst as the fruit is ripening I have alladed to under Didymoplexis.
I have seen this or the next species out of flower on Mt* Ophir and Bukit Hitam, in Selangor.
CoRYSANTHES FORNiCATA, Lindl., Oen. et 8p. Orch,j p. 394. Hah. Perak : Tambak Batak ; Ounong Euar, Scortechini.
POGONIA, Juss.
P. PUNCTATA, Blume, Mu8. Bot Lugd. Bat., i. p. 32, et Orch. Arehip. Ind., p. 150, t. 49, f . 2.
Hab. Singapore : Bukit Timah !
Lankawi Islands : Terutan, 0. Curtis !
This grows in very wet spots in the jungle on Bukit Timah. It is not recorded from the Malay Peninsula in the * Flora of British India.'
P. rLABBLLiFOBMis, Lindl. in Wall. List, n. 7400.
Hab. Pahang : Kwala Tembeling Woods P
Perak : damp grassy fields, Padang Brengas !
I am doubtful as to the leaf specimens from the Pahang locality, but I have little doubt as to the flowering ones from Perak.
P. P STRUTA, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., Ser. 11. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 377. Hab. Pahang : Tahan Biyer Woods !
DIDYMOPLEXIS, GrifF.
D. FALLENS, Oriff. in GcUc. Joum. Nat. Hist., iv. (1844) p. 383, t.l7.
Hab. Singapore : Chan Ghu Eang ! Bajan ! Johore : Gunong Panti ! Perak : Scortechim. Kedah : Eedah Peak ! A very succulent, fi^agile plant, very inconspicuous when in flower. It grows usually in dry woods. The remarkable lengthening of the pedicel of the flower after fertilization has been described and figured by Hemsley in * Jonrn. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) * XX. (1883) p. 311, t. 28. The object of it is, as Hemsley
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APOSTASIACEJC OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 409
suggests, to carry the fruit above the decaying vegetation. The plant is so deeply buried in the ground, as is often the case with small saprophytes, that the seeds would be scattered when ripe close to the plant, whereas, by the rapid growth of the pedicel, they are carried up so far that when the capsule splits the breezes sweeping through the forest can drift the seeds far away. The same thing occurs in CorysantheSy which is a yerj small plant often deeply imbedded in moss. As the fruit ripens the pedicel rather rapidly elongates about an inch and a half ; and then, and not till then, the capsule bursts, and the seeds are borne away by the wind.
LECANORCHIS, Blume.
L. MALACCENSis, RtdL in Trans. Linn. Soe., Ser. II. {Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 377, t. 65.
Hab. Singapore : Bukit Timah ! Bajan !
Johore : Ounong Panti ! Bukit Tenabang, Kelsall. Malacca : Bukit Sadanen ! Mt. Ophir ! Pahang : Tahan Woods ! Kedah : Eedah Peak ! By no means a rare plant, but, owing to the slendemess of its black stems, it is very inconspicuous.
GASTRODIA, R. Br.
G. JAVAKICA, Ltndl, Oen. et 8p. Orch.y p. 384 ; Blume^ Orch. Arehip. Ind., p. 145, t. 52, f. 1.
Hah. Singapore : very rare. On an old fallen tree at Chan Chu Eang ! And also at Bukit Mandai !
The lip in the Singapore plant is less distinctly lobed, broader and blunter than in Blume*s figure. The capsule is fusiform at first, becoming nearly globose as it splits. As is usual in these plants, the separate carpels split for the whole length except at the top and bottom.
G.? Hasseltii, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., ii. 175. Hah. Perak : Ic. Scortechini.
The drawing may represent this species of Blume's. It is certainly distinct from the preceding.
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410 mr. henry ridley on oechideie and
Tribe OPHUYBBJE. HABENARIA, Willd.
H. LiNDLEYANA, Steud, Nom,, ed. II. i. p. 717.
Hah. "Malay Peninsola": Ic. Finlayson (in Herb. Kew.).
Probably from Siam.
H. MuRTONi, Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 144. Hah. Perak : limestone rocks, Scortechini, Ac.
Gnnong Pondok: Murton (in Herb. Kew.).
H. KiNGii, Hooh.f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 144. Hah. Perak : limestone rocks (King's Collector).
H. siNGAPURENSiH, Bidl., sp. novQ. Caulis 3-pedalis, erectns, teres, pnrpurascens, in feme vaginatus, supeme foliatns. Folia c. 12, 6 poll, longa, 4 poll, lata, lanceolata, acuminata, atro- viridia, subpetiolata ; yaginae 1 poll, longee, ore obliqued ; caulis supra folia glaucescens, a bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis tectus. Bacemus densns plurimiflorus ; flores pro genere mediocres. Bra^ctece | poll, longae, lanceolatsd acuminatae, glanced. Pedicelli ^ poll, longi, glaucescentes ; ovarium ^ poll, longum. Sepalum posticum f poll, longum, lanceolato-oblongnm, cymbiforme a mucrone ^ poll, longo capillari pallide glauco-viridi termin- atum, lateralia f poll, longa ^ poll, lata oblonga obtusa obliqua alba viridi-3-nervia a mucrone ^ poll, longo capillari terminata. Petala bifida ; lobus posticus f poll, longas linearis recurvus olivaceo-prasinus, antious multo minor linearis deflezus. Lahellum ferme ad basin 3-fidum; lobi lineares, laterales | poll, longi obtusi glauci olivaceo-virides patentee lobo centrali paullo breviores. Calcar J poll, longam, cylin- dricum, gracile, porrectum. Columna J- poll, longa, in dorso rotund ata rufa. Anthera flavescens, processubus longis rectis. Pollinia pyriformia, flavidula, granulis parvis ; caudiculi longi, capillares snperne dilatati aurei; discus ovalis, ater. SteUdia cum ^ parte column® aequilonga, oblonga, truncata, albescentia. Stigmata majuscula, oblonga, truncata, decurva. Eostellum triangulare, erectum, rnfescens.
Hah. Singapore : very rare. A single plant in the woods at Choa Chu Kang, in a thick wet spot ! (August, 1894.)
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APOSTASIACEJE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 411
This species is near H, saJaccensts, Blume, of Jaya, bat is very distinct in the dense thick raceme of pale whitish flowers. The dorsal sepal is mnch narrower, of a glancoos greyish green, minntely pnnctate. It has a slender hair-like awn at the apex. The lateral sepals are white with three green veins, the awn mQch longer. The petals mnch resemble those of H. sakuxensis, but the lip is longer in proportion to the sepals ; the lobes yery narrow, of a doll glaocons olive-green. The spnr is long and straight. The stigmatic lobes are mnch shorter than in the other species, and the anther processes much longer. The pollen grannies are very fine, the pedicel of a clear translucent golden colour, very slender.
ThoDgh by no means a showy plant, this has a pleasing appearance ; the peculiar greyish-green colour mixed with the white of the sepals being rather striking.
Habenabia xanthochila, RicU.j sp. nova, Tvhera 1 poll, longa, oblonga. Gaulis pedalis. Folia nsque ad 6 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, lanceolata acuminata, iusequalia, basi caulis congesta, reticu- lata; folia caulina plura, vaginantia, lanceolata acuminata. Racemus laxus, c. 10-florus. Flares magni, speciosi. Bracteae 1 poll. long», cum ^ parte ovarii sBquilongae, acuminatae acntae, ovaria involventes. SepcUum . posticum cum petalis galeam formans, ovatum, subobtusum, carinatum, viride, lateralia Ovatu-obloDga decurva torta. Petala spathulata, oblonga, falcata, viridia. Lahellum \^ poll, longum, trilobnm, vitt-l- linum ; lobi laterales oblougi spathulati falcati apice dilatati truncati, medius basi auguste obovatus apice a lobis parallelis bifidus ; calcar 2 poll, longum deflexum, subteres, apice minute uncatum. Anthera galeata, curva, olivacea, brachiis latis porrectis. Follinia granulosa, fosiformia, curva; caudiculi longissimi, capillares, basi late triangulares; discos parvus, oblongoB, ruber. EosteUum magnum, ovatum. Stigmata brevia, decurva ; glandulae laterales ovoideae.
Hob. Penang: (7. Curtis!
A veiy rare and beautiful plant, allied to H, militarise Reichb. f., of Cochin-Chiua, but with the lip of a beautiful bright yellow.
H. Z08TBR08TYLOIDKS, Hook. f.^ FL Brit. Ind., vi. p. 155. Hah. Malacci: Mt. Ophir range, on Gunong Mering ! Perak : Scortechini, Wray !
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412 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEiS AND
This grows in moss, often plentifully, on Mt. Ophir ; but it is difficult to get good specimens, as the flowers are constantly devoured by caterpillars. The foliage is certainly very similar to that of Gryptostylis, having even the darker blotching of that plant. The flowers are green.
Habenaria GiGAS, Hook,/., Fl, Brit, Ind,, vi. p. 160. Hob, Perak : Batang Padang, Wray,
H. carnka, N, E. Br. in Gard. Chron. (1891) ii. p. 729, % 105 ; (1892) II. p. 300.
Hob, Lankawi Island, 0, Curtis.
There are two forms of this ; the typical one with pale rose or white tinted with rose flowers, several on the raceme, and brown leaves with silver spots, and —
Var. CONCOLOR, var. nov.
Leaves entirely green. Raceme 1-2-flowered. Flowers smaller, pure white.
This I have received from native dealeru, who say that they got it in Tonka.
H. GLAUCESCENS, Bidl., sp. nova. Herba 2-pedalis. Tuber 2 poll, longum, ^ poll, crassum, oblongnm; radices crassse lanugi- nosse. Folia 3, in canlis medio sita, insequalia, usque ad 5 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, ovata, acuta, in margine undnlata, 9-nervia, subtus glaucescentia ci*asse carinata, superne atro- viridia. Gaulis pars sapra folia 5 poll, longa, teres, prseter bracteas parvas elongato-lanceolatas nuda. Bacemus 8 poll, longus, validus ; flores copiosi, subsecundi ; rhachis sulcata. Bractece ^ poll, longss, cum ovariis aequilongas, lanceolate, acuminatsB, glauco-virides. Flores aperti, pro genere majusculi, virides. Sepala ^ poll, longa, anguste linearia, patentia, viridia mox rubescentia, pubescentia. Petala sepalis breviora latiora crassiora, Janceolata, integra, olivaceo- viridia. Labellum cum petalis sequilongum, sequaliter 3-lobum, snb colamn& saccatum ; lobi lanceolati, obtusi; calcar brevius, scrotiforme. Anthera parva, apice obtusa, viridis; loculi paralleli; processus 0. Pollinia ovata, clavata, citrina ; caudiculi breves ; disci minimi. Bostellum breve, latum, apice obtusum, hand productum. Stigmatis processas laterales erecti, clavati, anther^ vix breviores.
Hab. Lankawi Isles : brought by a native from somewhere near Lankawi, G, Gurtis (April, 1894) !
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APOSTASIACE^ OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 413
A tall stout plant, with the leaves nearly 6 inches above the base of the stem, of a rich dark green above, glaucous beneath. Raceme of many fleshy flowers ; rhachis and bracts sea-green. Sepals narrow, linear, pubescent, at first olive- green, soon becoming reddish. Petals and lip lobes equal and similar spreading-recnrved, dull greyish olive-green. The lip is dilate at the base just above the enti*ance to the short spur.
Its affinity is with iT. goodyeroidesy D. Don.
Habenaria LACBRTiFEEA, Benth,, Fl. Hongk., p. 362.
Hab. Singapore : Selitar ! Jurong ! Pasir Panjang ! Blakang Mati ! Bukit Timah ! &c. Malacca : Sungei Hudang ! Bukit Bruang ! Penang : Government Hill.
Mr. Hullett found it also very abundant on Gunong Dai, in the islands of Lingga.
It grows along paths and roadsides in open country, but seems never to be very abundant in Singapore. The flowers are pure white, and sweetly scented.
The var. rohusftor, Kraenzl. in Engl. Jahrb., xvi. (1892) p. 160 (var. rohusta, Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 163), is merely a strongly grown plant in richer soil.
The lip has usually three short equal lobes, but I have met with a form (at Jurong, Singapore) in which the two lateral lobes were prolonged into slender linear processes, much longer than the median one. This is given as part of the character of rohustioTy but the specimens were not bigger than the ordinary form. They were also remarkable for apparently having no spur to the lip; but I found that the spurs all withered and fell off shortly after the flowers opened.
H. MONTICOLA, Bidhy sp, nova, Tubera ^ poll, longa, oblonga. Folia 3-4 basalia, 1 poll, longa, \ poll, lata, lanceolata, acuta, atroviridia. Caulis 7-18 poll, longus, gracillimus, prsBter bracteas lanceolatas acuminatas basin versus sitae nudus. B<icemiis laxus, multiflorus. Flares perparvi, virides, Bractece i poll, longse, lanoeolatsB acutaa ; pedicelli bracteis viz longiores. Sepala -^ poll, longa, oblongo-ovata. Fetala sepalis paullo breviora, elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, integra. Lahellum 3-fidum ; unguis brevis; lobi laterales J poll, longi filiformes, medius multo brevior obtusus ; calcar cum sepalis lequilongnm, rectum.
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414 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEiE AND
bifida m. Anthera brevis, in dorso carinata, apice tmncata; rostellum longinsciilnm.
Hob, Malacca : Mt. Ophir, alt. 3,000 feet ! Kedah : Kedah Peak, 3,000 feet !
This is a very slender small-flowered species, growing among moss in streams on these two monniains, and apparently rarely flowering, as I only met with a conple of plants in flower in each locality. It is allied to H. lacertifera, Benth., and H, tenict- culata^ Reichb. f . ; but the flowers are very mnch smaller, the bracts narrower, and the short spur is distinctly bilobed at the apex.
CYPRIPEDIUM, Linn.
C. NiVEUM, Beichb.f. in Gard. Ghron. (1869) p. 1038. Hah. Lankawi Islands, Curtis, Ac.
It is remarkable that the only other locality known for this species is the Tembilan Islands, near Borneo.
C. BARBATUM, LindL, Bot, Beg, (1841) Misc, p. 53.
Hab. Johore : Otinong Panti, a single plant in dense jungle ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir, abundant ! Remban Hills ! Penang : Government Hill, abundant ! Kedah : Kedah Peak !
This well known species is often most abundant, sometimes covering rocks in masses, as on Penang Hill. On Mt. Ophir and Kedah Peak, though plentiful, it is more scattered, growing in moss by the stream in exposed places. Nearly all the named cultural varieties grow together. 0. superbietis, Reichb. f. in Bonplandia, iii. (1856) p. 227, I am quite unable to distinguish specifically ; it seems to be merely a fine form, and said to have been obtained on Mt. Ophir ; it is commonly called " Bunga Kami ** (Shoe flower) by the Malacca natives.
I have found a few plants of a Oypripedium on the sea- shore, growing in sand beneath Pandani, in Johore, but the plant never flowered. It resembles a dwarf G. harbatum, but the leaves are much less distinctly marbled. It may prove a new species.
Just outside the boundary, in Siam, grow C, insignej var. Exul, Ridl. in Gard. Cbron. (1891) ii. p. 92 (G. Exul, Hort.,
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AP0STA8UCEJC OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 415
O'Brien, in Gard. Chron. (1892) ii. p. 522), and C. bellatulum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1888) i. p. 648, and its variety Oodefroyce.
AP08TASIAGEM.
APOSTASIA, Blame.
A. NUDA, E. Br. in Wall. PI. As. Bar., i. p. 76, t. 85. Hab. Singapore : Bukit Timab, Jnrong, Ohangi, <fcc. ; very common in dry woods ! Johore : Bnkit Murdom, Johore Bahm ! Malacca : Mt. Ophir, Merliman, Selandor ! Penang : Government Hill ! Perak : Wray ; Bindings ! Kedah : Kedah Peak ! I have also collected it on the Carimon Islands, sonth of Singapore.
A very abundant plant, called by the natives ^^ Pulampas Btidak" and "*' Kinching Pelandok" (Mousedeer's nrine) and " San Juan Hutan " (San JuaA being a Portuguese name for Dianella, has been adopted by the Malays witb the addition of Hutan, i.e., wood, for this plant). It is used for several complaints, including hydrophobia.
The flowers are coloured yellow in Wallich's Plantaa Asiatic® Bariores, I.e. ; but, out of the numerous specimens I have seen, I have only found one with yellow or yellowish flowers, viz., on Mt. Ophir. The petals and sepals were, with this exception, white. It varies very much in the development of the panicle, which is sometimes very large, though short.
A. Wallichii, B. Br. in Wall PI. As. Bar., p. 75, t. 84. Hah. Johore : Gunong Panti !
Pahang : Tahan River Woods, <fcc. !
Penang: Curtis.
Perak : Scortechini, <tc. Much less common than the preceding. Flowers white whenever I have seen them.
A. LATiFOLiA, Bolfe, in Joum. Linn, Soc. (Bot^y xxv. (1889) p. 242.
Hab, Malacca: Mt. Ophir !
Perak: Scortechini, A much rarer plant than the other two.
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416 MR. HENRY RIDLKT ON ORCHIDEjE AND APOSTASIACE-«.
NEUWIEDIA, Blnme.
N. LiNDLEYi, Rolfe, in Jown. Linn. Soc, (Bot), xxv. (1889) p. 232, t. 118, f. 10-12.
Hah. Singapore : not very rare !
Malacca : Ayer Panas ! Chaban ! Sungei Udang, Bnkit
Siutang ! Sangei Ujong ! Penang : Government Hill ! This has beautiful bright yellow flowers. The ftnit is capsular. It frequents damp jungle, and is called '' Jamba " by the natives.
N. Curtisii, Bolfe, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot), xxv. (1889) p. 233.
Tupistra singapureana. Wall. List, n. 5195 ; Baker, in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xiv. (1875) p. 581 ; Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. p. 325.
Hab. Singapore : Changi !
Johore : Gunong Panti ! Penang : Government Hill !
In flower this resembles the last ; but the fruit, instead of being a trigonous green capsule, is a succulent scarlet berry looking at first sight like the fruit of a Braccena. Wallich's type of Tupistra singapureana is a specimen of this plant in fruit, from Singapore.
N. Griffithii, Beichb. /., Xenia Orch.y ii. p. 215. Hab, Singapore : Bukit Timah ! Bukit Mandai ! Sungei Morai ! Chua Chu Elang ! Malacca: Griffith. Perak : {King^s Collector.) This is a very local plant, growing in damp spots, sometimes even in streams, with Fa/ndani^ <&c. The stem is much longer than that of the other two species, and it has more of a tendency to creep. The flowers are white, tipped with green. The fruit resembles that of N. Lindleyiy Rolfe, being capsular.
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ON ▲ NEW SPECIES OP CONIFER, P1NITE8 ECFFOEDI. 417
A New Species of Conifer, Pinites Buffordi, from the English Woalden Formation. By A. C. Seward, M.A., P.G.S. (Communicated by Prof. Reynolds Qrben, D.Sc, F.R.S., F.L.S.)
[Bead 2l8t NoTomber, 1895.]
Among fossil plants there are perhaps none which are more nnsatisfactory, from the point of view of generic and specific determination, than the structureless casts or impressions of coniferous twigs. On the other hand, the frequent occurrence of well-preserved wood in Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Cainozoic strata, has led to detailed comparative investigations on the histological structure of fossil and recent ConifercBy and it has been found possible to make use of certain anatomical characters as fairly trustworthy guides in generic identification.
The genus PiniteSj first used by Witham, Goppert, and other early writers, has been adopted by many palsBobotanists as a convenient designation for fossil stems, foliage, and cones, exhibiting such characters as agree fairly closely with those of recent Pines. Used in its wider sense, Pinites serves as a representative genus for fossil Abietinece, The question of nomenclature is often one of some difficulty in dealing with fragments of fossil plants. The same term has been employed by various writers in a difEerent sense, and no little confusion has been caused by this inconvenient, though not altogether unnecessary practice. In Brongniart's ' Prodrome,' * we find the terms Pinus and Abies applied to fossil conifers which are regarded as closely allied to existing species of these genera ; but in a later work f by the same author, Goppert*s example is followed, and the generic term Pinites is used in a wide sense, including other genera of the Abietinece in addition to Pinus,
Endlicher, in his * Synopsis Conif erarum,' J confines the generic name Pinites to cones and leaves, and makes use of the genus Peu<:e for specimens of fossil wood ; Brongniart accepts this application of the two genera. Goppert § prefers to extend the meaning
• * Prodrome Hist. V^. Fom.,* p. 107. t 'Tableau,' p. 67. I Pp. 283 aod 291. § * Monograph. Foss. Conif.,* p. 211. LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 £
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418 MB. ▲. C. SEWARD ON ▲ NEW SPECIES OF CONIFER,
of Pinites, and inclades under that name leaves, cones, and fossil wood, possessing such characters as are found in Ptnus, Abie$^ Larix, and other members of the Ahietinece, More recently, Krans proposed the name Pityoxylon for fossil wood with the following type and structure: — "Lignum stratis concentricis angastis latioribusqae, cellalis prosenchjmatosis porosis, poris magnis, rotnndis, nni vel plariserialibus, oppositis; cellulis dnctibusque resiniferis baud raris; radiis medullaribus com- positis ductamque resiniferum inclndentibus vel simplicibos, cellnlsd eorum hand raro biformes.'** The custom of employing a special terminology for mineralized fossil wood has been followed by several writers, and has much to recommend it.
The specimen described in the present communication may possibly be generically identical with the recent Pinus, but having only a fragment of wood before us, and no evidence as to the leaves or cones, it would be unwise to adopt the name Pinus in the restricted sense of the existing genus. Probably the most convenient course to follow is to make use of the fairly comprehensive genus Pinites, with the addition of Kraus's term Pityoxylon,
In the recent genus Pinus, the horizontal tracheids accom- panying the medallary rays, with their characteristic irregular ingrowths, afford a distinguishing feature ; f these have not been detected in the present species. Other characters, associated with the existing representatives of the genos, such as the arrangement of the bordered pits, the vertical and horizontal resin ducts, and the distinctly marked rings of growth, are clearly seen in the Wealden fossil.
The oldest species of fossil wood hitherto described to which the genus Pinites may reasonably be applied, is that described by Goppert and Stenzel from the Coal-Measures of Waldenburg, in Silesia, under the name of P. Gonwentzianus.X Schenk § includes this species in Kraus*s genus Pityoxylon, It is interesting to note, as Gonwentz has pointed out, that bordered pits occur in considerable numbers on the tangential walls of the tracheids
• Schimper, * Trait. Pal. V^g.,' toI. ii. p. 877.
t MdUer, N. J. G. * Erl&ut. Text -Atlas der Holntraotar,' 1888, p. 51.
{ Gdppert and Stenzel, " Naohtrftge zur Eenntniat der Coniferenhdlzer der Palsozoischen Formationen '' (in ' Abhand. K, Preuss. Akad. Wias.,' Berlin, 1887), p. 64, pie. 11, 12.
§ ' Zittel's Handbuoh/ toI. ii. p. 876. Solms-Laubaoh (< Fossil Botony,' p. 88) regards this species as a doubtful example of Fiwiies,
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PINITBS EUPFOEDI, FROM THE ENGLISH WBALDEN FORMATION. 419
of this species ; if the interpretation of the sections is correct, this character constitutes a striking peculiarity in the straotnre of Finites Oonwentzianus, Passing to Jarassic and Lower Cretaceous strata, we find Pinites well represented ; from the Rhadtic beds of Sweden, Nathorst * has described some struc- tureless specimens of the genus, and a species of Pityoxylon is recorded from the Trias of Germany. In a recent monograph on fossil wood from the Holma Sandstone of Sweden, Oonwentz describes some fairly well-preserved specimens of wood referred to the genus Pinites, Although coniferous wood is by no means rare in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks, it is seldom that we find specimens with the minute structure clearly preserved. Man tell, Carruthers, Gardner, and others, have recorded several examples of cones from Wealden beds as species of Pinites; and more recently another species has been discovered in the Wealden rocks near Hastings, which shows cones and leaf -bearing branches in organic connection .f The fossil wood of the so-called " Pine raft " of Brook Point, in the Isle of Wight, has long been known to geologists ; but, as a rule, the specimens from this locality do not admit of any accurate diagnosis by means of microscopical examination. In Dixon's * Geology of Sussex,' Carruthers % speaks of certain specimens of Wealden fossil wood as possessing a structure similar to that of recent species of the genus Pinus. In the ' Geological Magazine ' for 1872, p. 10, the same author figures two sections of a piece of " Pine wood " from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight. An examination of the specimens now in the British Museum leads me to regard Carruthers's plant as a distinct species.
As a specific designation for the fossil wood described below, I have ventured to make use of Mr. Ru£ford's name; it is to him we are indebted for the type specimen, and for the large and valuable collection of Wealden plants recently acquii*ed by the British Museum. The material obtained by Mr. Rufford from Ecclesbourne, Fairlight, and other localities in the neighbourhood of Hastings, has enabled us to con- siderably extend our knowledge of the Wealden flora. In
* Bidr. Syerif^es foss. flora, in Svensk. yet..Akad Handl., toI. zir., d. 8 (1876) p. 62-64. t Wealden Flora (toI. ii, p. 196), Brit. Mas. Cat., 1895. X * Geol. Sussex/ edit. II. p. 279.
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420 MR. A. C. SEWAED ON A NEW SPECIES OF CONIFER,
the varietj and Dumber of its species, the flora of this epoch seems to have been almost equal to that of which so many specimens have been obtained from the older Jurassic beds of the Yorkshire coast and other districts.
There is abundant evidence that in Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic times Pinites was widely distributed; species have been recorded from England, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Portugal, Belgium, Greenland, Spitzbergen, North America, Japan, and other parts of the world.
Pinites (§ Pittoxtlon) Ruffobdi, Seward, Cat. Mesozoic PI. Brit. Mus. (Wealden Fl.), part ii. p. 199, absque descriptione. Pinites ligni stratis concentricis distinctia, tracheidis punctatis, punctis rotundis discretis in un& serie vel in du&bus seriebus in eodem piano horizontali juxtapositis, ductis resiniferis copiosis ; radii medullares uni- vel multiseriales e cellulis parenchyraatosis formati; cellulsB parenchymatossB porossB in medio radiorum multiseriatium ductum resiniferum solitarium includentes.
Annual lings well marked. Resin ducts numerous, occurring in regular rows in the spring and summer (autumn) wood, and scattered irregularly throughout the zylem tissue. Bordered pits on the radial, and rarely on the tangential walls of the tracheids, in single or double rows ; when in a double row the pits of tbe two rows are opposite ; the pairs of pits being on the same horizontal line. Medullary rays numerous, con.sisting of one row or more than thirty rows of cells, as seen in tangential section ; the radial walls possessing simple oval or circular pits. In most cases the medullary rays are made up of a single vertical row of cells, but broader rays of more than one tier are fairly abundant, and often contain horizontal resin passages. Xylem parenchyma surrounds the resin ducts, and frequently the cavity of the ducts is occupied by large rounded cells, which appear to have grown like tiillen into the resin passage.
Type Specimen in the British Museum (F. 2.^04).
In a transverse section* 2*7 cm. in length, there occur 18 well marked "annual" rings, which show a striking irregularity in their relative breadth. The width of the broadest zone being
* The Bpecimen on which the species, Pinites Ruffordi, is founded is probably a portion of a stem. Dr. Conwentz, to whom 1 showed the sections during his recent visit to England, expressed this opinion after a hurried microscopical examination.
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PraiTES RUPPORDI, FROM THE ENGLISH WEILDEN PORMATION. 421
aboat 3 mm., and of the narrowest 1 mm. ; between these extremes the breadth varies considerably. In some parts of the section one finds two rings of narrower tracheids separated by seven or eight wider tracheids, one of the rings being a typical annual zone of summer wood, and the other consisting of fewer narrow elements, and occasionally incomplete. Sach appearances may probably be referred to local changes in growth or in the sopply of nutrition, and, when the two zones of narrow tracheids are complete, we may regard them as an example of two rings of growth formed in one year. In fig. 1 a transverse section is somewhat diagrammatically repre- sented about three times the natural size. On the left-hand side of ring 1 (on the left-hand side of the figure), and
Fio. 1.
Tranarene section of the wood of Finite$ Itvffordij showing annual rings, resin ducts, &o. ( x 8).
separated from it by six to ten tracheids, there is a second narrower zone of smaller tracheids ; similarly, close to ring 2, a second zone of narrower elements occurs ; both these may be described as double rings. Instances of *' double rings of growth *' have been recorded by Kny, Strasburger • and other writers in recent trees. Another striking feature presented by a transverse section, is the abundance of resin ducts ; on the right of ring 4 we find a row of numerous and crowded canals and on the right hand side of these, the diameter of the tracheids next to the duct is about the same as that of the summer tracheids. Again, in the summer wood of ring 6, there are a fairly large number of canals, also between rings 10
* Strasburger, < Histologische Beitrige,* Heft Hi. 1891, p. 25.
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422 MB. ▲. G. SEWABD ON A NBW SPECIES OF COmFEB,
and 11. Between rings 10 and 11 there occur only abont 15 tracheids ; between rings 12 and 13 as many as 40 or 60 tracheids.
The nnmerous dark patches scattered thronghont the section represent disorganised groups of woody tissue ; it is, however, not an easy matter to determine how far some of these are due to ordinary decay, or to the agency of some wood-boring animal, or to patches of resiniferous cells. There is evidence in places of the destructive action of parasitic fungi, but no distinct traces have been detected of fungal hjphad. The unusually large number of resin canals in certain parts of the section, may probably be regarded as an expression of some injury sustained by the tree.
A more detailed examination of the transverse section brings to light the following structural features. The tracheids have thin and sharply defined walls, with their cavities occupied by crystalline material, probably calcite ; the thinness of the walls is no doubt not an original character, but a pathological feature, or the result of partial decay before mineralization. The individual tracheids are often found to be more or less separated from one another, as in the summer wood of (PI. II. fig. 1). As seen in (PI. II. fig. 1), the rings of growth are sharply defined. The medullary rays stand out conspicuously by reason of the darker coloured contents of the cells, in most cases they appear in the transverse section of the stem as single rows of radially elongated cells. In the cavities of these ray cells there are often found light brown highly refractive granules ; these may be the remains of cell contents, but it is difficult, or indeed impossible, to determine their exact nature, even under the highest magnifying power. In one or two places the elements of the medullary rays show faint indications of thin projections into the cell cavity ; these may possibly represent the imper- fectly preserved ingrowths characteristic of the medullary ray tracheids in Finns, or may be faint indications of a spiral striation on the tracheid walls. Conwentz has figured examples of cleai'ly marked striation in tracheids of the Eocene species, Pinus mcctnifera Conw.,* and less perfect sugges- tions of such a striature may be seen in longitudinal sections of the present species of Ptnites.
The resin ducts in some cases have their cavity occupied by
• < Monograph, baltisohen Berntteinbftiiiiie,' 1890, p. 43. pi. 4. fig. 5, and pi. 10 fig. 4.
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PINITE8 BUFFORDI, FROM THE ENGLISH WEALDEN FORMATION. 423
clear crystalline material, as in fig. 3; in others, again, the canal is more or less completely filled with dark coloured and somewhat rounded cells. If we compare figs. 4 and 5 with those given bj Conwentz in his pi. 5. figs. 5 and 6, the two sets of canals are found to be practically identical in appearance. The filling cells are described by Conwentz as tiillen-like ingrowths of epithelial cells; that such an explanation is correct, at least in certain canals of Pinites Buffordi, there is fairly clear evidence afforded hj an examination of transverse and longitudinal sections. In some cases, however, the form and arrangement of the cells would seem to be characteristic of tissue in process of forming a schizolysigenons canal (e.^., fig. 4). These filling cells occupying the canals, cannot well be regarded as examples of true tiillen such as Dyer, Williamson, and others have described in the trachesd of fossil plants ; they are probably, in part, ingrowths of epithelial cells, and in part the ordinary cells of the xylem parenchyma in which the resin ducts occur. There frequently occur two resin ducts in close contact, as seen in transverse section, and occasionally such become fused together ; in other words, two longitudinal canals anastomose.*
The darker patches seen in fig. 1 are for the most part occupied by broken fragments of tracheids : the tracheids which form the limit of these patches usually show signs of tearing and disorganisation. Some of the large oval patches are bounded by rows of tracheids, which curve round the mass of more or less completely destroyed tissue in such a manner as to suggest a forcing apart of rows of xylem elements. In many of these areas the central portion consists of clear crystalline substance, and the periphery of numerous and irregular thin brown lines presenting the appearance of delicate parenchyma ; it is probable that this structure is due to fine cracks in a crystalline matrix along which brown colouring matter has been introduced.
The form and manner of occurrence of these disorganised patches suggest the presence of a parasitic fungus, such as Trametes radictperda; a comparison of fig. 1 with Hartig's figure of a piece of spruce fir attacked by this fungus shows a fairly close resemblance.f
• Cf. Kny, < BoUniMbe Wandtafelxi,' p. 210, fig. 6.
t Manhall Ward, * Timber and Some of ito DiBeaies,' p. 151, fig. 13.
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424 UB. A. C. SEWARD OM A NEW SPECIES 0¥ CONIFER,
Passing to the longitudinal sections : the radial walls of the tracheids show very clearlj single or doable rows of bordered pits, in the latter case the pits occar in opposite pairs as seen in fig. 10. In fig. 11 is represented a slight modification of this arrangement : but this is exceptional. In fig. 6 a single bordered pit is shown on the tangential wall of a tracheid ; as a rule, howeyer, the pits are confined to the radial walls. The filled-in cavities of the tracheid are traversed by numerous cracks, which occasionally extend across from one wall to the other; in addition to these apparent septa, there occur here and there, what are in all probability true transverse septa. Such walls are not confined to the xylem parenchyma, but also occur in the tracheids. Conwentz* notes the occurrence of transverse septa in the tracheids of Pinus suceinifera, and recognises two kinds, comparatively thick walls and others much more delicate. In the Wealden species the preservation is less perfect than in Conwentz*s specimens, and no such* distinction can be recognised ; indeed it is always difficult in dealing with petrified plant tissues, to distinguish original from secondary structures. A thin wall in a fossil by no means necessarily means a thin wall in the living plant. The septa in a specimen of Oordaioxylon Braiidlingi, Grand 'Eury, figured by Schenk in Zittel's *Handbuch,'t are probably transverse walls across the tracheids, and not the septa of tiillen cells as is suggested in the description of the figure.
The character of the medullary rays is clearly shown in fig. 7; the contents of the cells have in many cases been preserved as a dark coloured or carbonized substance in the cell cavity. In fig. 6 is represented one of the comparatively short and broad medullary rays, ^rans versed by a horizontally running resin duct. In figs. 8 and 9 is shown the nature of the pits in the medullary ray cells, these vary somewhat in size and shape ; no bordered pits have been detected in these cells. The connection between the parenchyma of the medullary rays and the xylem parenchyma in which the resin ducts occur, may be recognised in the radial longitudinal sections.^
The histological characteristics brought out by the above brief description are, I believe, such as to justify the institution
* ' Mongraph. baltiaohen Berntteinb&ume/ 1890, p. 44. pi. 4.
t P. 858, fig. 408.
{ Cf, Strasburger, Histologiiohe Beitrige, Heft iii. p. 4.
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.i^ UPN br.T /-I .mil }\..
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Linn Soc Jouhn.Bot.Voi..XXX11.Pl.3
PUSHES RUFFORDI
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PINITES EUFFORDI, FROM THK ENGLISH WEALDEN FOEMATIOX. 425
of a new specific type of the ji^emis Finites. A comparison of Finites Ruffordi with the type described bj Goppert andMenge,* and more fully by Conwentz,t reveals a striking similarity between the Weald en and Eocene plant. The species more recently described by Conwentz as Finites Nathorsti^X from the Lower Cretaceous Holma Sandstone of Sweden, agrees very closely with P. Buffordi; in the former there are the same parenchymatous filled canals, and other points of resemblance ; but in the Swedish species the bordered pits appear to occur only in single rows on the radial walls of the tracheids. Unfortunately it is seldom possible to connect petrified coniferous stems with their leaf-bearing hranches and cones, and in this species we are ignorant as to the leaves and flowers borne by the branches of Finites Buffordi. In any case we have abundant evidence of the existence in Wealden rocks of a conifer possessing anatomical features practically identical with those characteristic of recent species of the genus Finns,
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The figtires are approximately 240 times natural size.
Plate II.
Figs. 1 and 2. Transyerse section showing well marked zones of summer
(autumn) wood, medullary ray cells, and (in fig. 1) a resin duct. Fig. 8. Besin duct filled with crystalline material.
4. Besin duct, with small cavitj, surrounded by some t^en-like cells and partially disorganised xjlem parenchyma.
Plate IU.
Fig. 6. Resin duct filled with large rounded cells.
6. Tangential section showing tracheids and a broad medullary ray
trayersed by a resin duct.
7. Tangential section showing the different lengths of medullary rays. Figs. 8 and 9. Badial section of pitted medullary raj cells.
10 and 11. Bordered pits on the radial walls of tracheids.
* GOppert and Menge, * Die Flora des Bemsteins,* yoL i. 1888, p. 27.
t Conwentz, loc. eii,
X Conwentz, *' Untersuchungen ilher fossile Hdker Schwedens," in *Syensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,* voL xxiy. No. 18 (1892), p. 18, pis. 1, 2, 8, 6, and 7.
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426 MR. G. C. DRUCE ON A NEW SPECIES OP GRASS,
On a New Species of Orass, Bromus interruptus, in Britain. Bj O. Claridge Druce, M.A., F.L.S.
[BmcI 6th December, 1895.]
The history of the species is as follows : — In 1888 I found what I thought was a peculiar variety of Bromus moUis occnrring in considerable quantity in a barren chalky field, in which a crop of barley had been sown the preceding year, but which was then lying fallow. The field is situated on the Lower Chalk formation between Unwell Wood and Blewburton Gamp, in Berkshire. In the adjoining fields B, moUia var. glahrescens occurred more frequently than the ordinary form. Subse- quently I found the same peculiar form in smaller quantity, in a c I oyer field on the same geological formation on the Oxfordshire side of the river, between Goring and Gktthampton. An examination of our herbaria and of botanical works having failed to yield anything like these specimens, I sent a supply to the Botanical Exchange Clab in 1888, under the name of B, moUis var. aggregatus. One of these Berkshire specimens was sent to Professor Hackel so labelled. He quite agreed in considering it a new variety, and while offering to retain my suggested name thought that the name interruptus would be more suitable, to which I willingly acceded. Professor Hackel diagnosed it as follows : — " B. m4)lUs L. var. interrupta, mihi (Hackel). Panicnla brevis, interrupta, spiculis glomeratis obovato-ellipticis, gluma sterili superiore dimidiam spiculam aequante vel superante. Affinis B. moUt var. congloTnemto, Persoon, Syn. i. p. 8, cujus panicula sdqualiter compacta, spicuUo angustiores, villosiores.*'
For the last seven years I have kept the plant under obser- vation. I find it comes true from seed, and it is fairly persistant in its localities. It must be borne in mind that so far it has only been met with in arable ground. It is by no means confined to the two fields where I first discovered it in 1888, but is found over a considerable area of the Lower Chalk cornfields.
This season it was very abandant in a field of vetches near Upton, in Berkshire. From the result of my observations I was led to believe it to be at least sub-specifically distinct from B, mollisy and I had described it as a species in my forthcoming
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BROMUS INTERRUPTUS, IN BRITAIN. 427
* Flora of Berkshire.' This sammer Mr. L. Lester fonnd it in a sandy cornfield, on the Coralline Oolite, between Elsfield and Headington, near Oxford, and pointed ont to me that in his specimen the inner pale was split to the base. I was at once stmck with the importance of this character in deciding upon its specific position, and in order to test its constancy proceeded to examine all the specimens of Bromus I could meet with. The result of mj investigations is that I find all the specimens of B, mollis and its varieties, glabrescens and Lloydtanusy have the upper pale entire. Some hundreds of specimens from Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Hungary, Turkey, Madeira, and Tasmania have been examined. I have also never found specimens of B, commutatus or B. rcLcemosus with the upper palea split. On the other hand, all the specimens of B. interruptus which I have examined have the inner palea split to the base. This is true, not only of my gatherings of 1888, but of those gathered since that time. The specimens which have been cultivated by Mr. F. Tufnail as the var. inter- rupius, and for seeds of which I am indebted to him, show the same character. It may be well to add that specimens labelled B. mollis var. interrupiuSf which were collected by Captain Wolley-Dod, near Dartford Hospital, in West Kent, and sent to the Exchange Club in 1893, were referred to B, mollis by Professor Hackel. The two specimens in my possession from that locality, and which I referred to B, interruptus from their general appearance, show on examination that the palea is split. The question may be asked : Is B. interruptus a native plant to Britain ? This question I am unable to answer positively in the affirmative. We may urge in its favour that when it was sent to Professor Hackel seven years ago it was a new form to him, nor since that time have I been able to see a continental specimen. From its occurring exclusively in arable ground and chiefly in crops of vetches, seeds, and clover, it may be urged with some force that the desigpiation colonist would be more suitable. In these fields I have not observed any specimens of Silene dichotoma^ Crepis taraxadfolia^ or 0. nicceensis, which are often present among continental grass seeds. B. commutatus occurs with B. interruptus more frequently than B, mollis^ althoagh I have seen these two growing together The sugges- tion of its being a form due to local peculiarities of soil is, therefore, not tenable.
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428 MR. O. C. DBTJCE ON A NEW SPECIES OF GRASS,
Mr. F. Tnfnail tells me that it has been cultiyated at Reading by the side of B. mollis, and that it keeps quite distinct. B, interruptus is not so mnch inclined to vary either as to height or condition of hairiness as B. Tnollis, and seeds of the two species may be separated one from the other.
Since the publication of the eighth edition of the * London Catalogue ' more than a hundred species hare been added to the list of British plants ; it is scarcely probable that botanists of another decade will agree in retaining all of these. In bringing forward the claims of an aspirant for specific distinction, I place stress upon a well-marked character which differentiates it from its nearest ally, this structural character not being made out until its peculiar habit, its more perennial growth, <!bc., had marked it as being a probably distinct species. In fact the suggestion made by the lamented Professor Babington in his preface to the * Manual,' has in this instance been complied with, namely, to make the species afPord the character, not the character the species.
I have seen specimens of B, interruptus from Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, W. Kent, and Norfolk. Mr. Tufiiail says he has found it rather plentiful near Lowestoft, in Suffolk, and that he had seen specimens from Lincolnshire.
Bromus interruptus, mihi. Herba annua, biennis aut perennis, saepius perennis. Spioulae in pedicellis brevibus rigidis singillatim (alternatim dextrorsum et sinistrorsum) in rhachide dispositee ; singuli pedicelli cum 3-5 sessilibus ant subsessilibus spiculis apice pedicelli i*acemosim dispositi. Panicula, florem et fructum gerens, erecta angusta evidenter tnterrupta. SpiculsB, florem et fructum gerentes, erect® primnm ovali-lanceolatflB acutee; proventu ovales et obtuse cum 6-12 floribus glauco-yiridis pubescentes. Oluma interior et vacua dimidia non supra in partem sexti floris (tertii fioris in eodem latere) producta. Glumes, florem et fructum gerentes, arete imbricated. Palea inferior exteiior marginibus dimidi& parte inter mediam paleam et apicem utroque latere obtuse angu- lata, 5-7 costata; apice nonnihil emarginata, pubescens aut subglabra marginibus late scariosis. Arista ex una emar- ginatione infenoris paleeB procedens, fere directa aut erecta, pale4 nonnihil brevior. Palea superior interior (gluma jlorens superior) pccne ad basin in hinas angustas lanceolatas partes, paled
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BROMUS INTERRUPTUS, IN BRITAIN. 429
inferiore vel exteriore dimidid parte aut dudhus partihus mmtts longaSj divisa.
Synonym. Bromus mollis^ Linn. yar. interrwptus^ Hackel, in ' Report Botanical Exchange Glab British Isles for 1888/ p. 240.
The most striking feature of this plant when first seen is the inflorescence, which differs from all other species of Bromus known to me, in that single short stiff pedicels arise, alternately right and left of the main raohis, each bearing at its extremity 3-5 sessile (or in some cases shortly stalked) spikelets. To this fact is dne the peculiar and strikingly intermpted and compact appearance of the whole inflorescence, which is made np of two rows of clustered groups of 3-5 spikelets.
This peculiar feature does not obtain in its nearest allies, since in them 4-5 slender pedicels of various lengths arise at the same level on the rachis, each bearing one or two, rarely more, spikelets ; hence the inflorescence in these species is more loosely continuous.
As will be seen, the alliance of B. interruptus is essentially with B, mollisy since the larger or inner glume extends half way to the apex of the sixth floret (the third on the same side), whereas in B, racemostis and B, commtUaius it reaches only to the fourth flower (the second on the same side). The texture and pubescence too of the spikelets of B, interruptus are similar to those of B. mollis. The character which at once separates B. interruptus from B, mollis, B. commutatus, B. racemosuSy <&c., is to be found (as pointed out to me by Mr. L. Lester, M.A., of St. John's College, Oxford) in the upper pale (the inner palea of Parnoll), which is uniformly split to the hose, and is much shorter than the outer or lower pale.
B, interruptus is further distingnished from B. mollis by its more perennial growth, its greater height, and narrow strict interrupted panicle. The fruits of B, intemtptus are shorter and darker in colour with a more conspicuous groove. In B. mollis the palea is more or less adherent to the surface of the caryopsis, than which it is slightly narrower, so that a small margin of the fruit is to be seen. In B. interruptus the pales are only rarely adherent and then not to the face but to the margins of the fruit. I can see no difference in the lodicules. The suggestion may be made that the split palea may be an accidental rupture during the growth of the fruit. That it is
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430 MR. 0. C. DBUCE ON A NEW SPECIES OF GRASS.
not dne to this cause is eyident from tho fact that oxamination shows the pales are split from its early flowering stage.
[In all the examples of B, interrupttts^ Dmce, the upper pale is, even in theyonng flower, divided to the base or at least \^ih% of its length into two snbeqnal lanceolar lobes ; each of these has the green nerye down its middle (not exactly median), and the two lobes stand soon rather divaricately apart. There is nothing in any other species of Bromus approaching this ; and no such complete division of the upper pale is well established in the whole order. Dr. Stapf has lately examined into the few alleged cases of the occurrence of a split upper pale in grasses ; and he cannot find in verifying these any case parallel to that of Bromus interruptus; the split is either only partial, hardly half-way down, or it is mechanical, t.e., does not exist in the young flower.
Hackel, of course, overlooked the split pale in Bromus inter- rupius, because he never thought of looking for anything so abnormal.
Dr. Stapf argaed, when Mr. Druce's paper was read, that Bromus interruptus^ Dmce, must be treated as a monstrosity and could in no case be made a new species. It may indeed be maintained that the character of the completely bifid upper pale is either generic or monstrous, one or the other, and cannot be speci6c.
The remarkable uniformity with which the upper pale is split to the base in every fiower, in every specimen yet got from diverse localities, may be held to negative for the present the view that B. interruptus is a monstrosity. Of all the innumer- able species proposed as split-offs from Bromus mcllis^ there is no one so well worth a specific name as B, interruptus^ Dmce, and no one to be compared with it in morphologic interest. — C. B. Clarke.]
The foregoing note in square brackets waa drawn up 25th June, 1896, from materials kindly supplied by Dr. Stapf.
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MB. G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT ON THE GENUS PENTAS. 431
A Revision of the Genus Pentas. By G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., F.L.S., P.R.G.S.
[Bead 7th Noyember, 1895.]
In the course of working out my collections, I found this genus in a very unsatisfactory state of confusion, and thought it well worth while to examine all the species carefully as a guide to their African distribution.
The following list may be found useful. Great diffionlty has arisen from the new species which have been described in the interval betwixt writing and reading the paper : —
Table of Species.
Central Watershed 1. vertieiUata.
East Africa 2. lonffUuba,
Somaliland 3. glahrescens.
Arabia 4. SchweinfitrihU.
Comoros and Arabia 5. lanceolata,
Stevenson Boad 6. conferfifolia,
Somaliland 1, poMciflora,
Masai Highlands 8. AinnoortUi.
Masai and Shire Highlands . . . • 9. longiflora. General (not Western) . . . . 10. eamea.
Transraal and Natal 11. Woodii.
Western and Congo .12. elata.
Western and Congo 18. oecidentdlU.
Abjssinia 14. Schimperiana.
Eastern Desert 16, parvifoUa,
Masai Highlands 16. ThomtoHii,
Masai and Shire Highlands . . . . 17. purpurea.
Angola, Upper Nile 18. arvenns.
Western 19. parv\/lora.
Western 20. volubilu,
Angola . . . . 21. sp. nor.
Madagascar Central 22. musgandoides.
Madagascar Central 28. micrantha.
Madagascar Central 24. hirtiflora,
1. P. verticillata, K. Schum, ined. M8S, in Herb. Kevo. Oentral Watershed, TJkiro, Fischer^ 319 ! On dry grassy hills. East side Albert Edward Nyanza, ScoU Elliot, 8045 ! Flowers in Angnst, at from 4-5,000 feet.
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432 MR. O. P. 8C01T ELLIOT ON THE GENUS PENTAS.
2. Pentas longituba, K, Schum. in Pflanz, Ost-Afr.^ Bd. v. p. 377.
In rock cleEts in the higher regions of East Africa, HoUt^ 41 8. (Specimens not seen.)
3. P. GLABRESCENS. Baker, in Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 67. Easily distinguished from P. verticellata by the hairy, broadly
ovate petioled leaves.
Somaliland, in rocks. Mrs, Lort Phillips and Miss Edith Cole, 11, 12, 13, 14. Miss Cole, no. 9, seems to me a glabrous maritime form of this.
4. P. ScHWEiNFURTHii, S, Elliot, sp. nov.
Fmtex l-metr. ramis obscure striatis breviter hirsutis ; foliis 5-10 cm. long., 14-24 mm. lat. densis lanceolatis pilosis ad apicem attenuatis ; acute subapiculatis vel fere obtasis ad basin attenuatis breviter (2-3 mm.) petiolatis, venis circa 12-jugis, plurime sapra subtnsque elevatis sed cost& supra siepius depress^ Iiirsut^ue, supra sparse, subtus densiascule ; stipularum setis 5-10 mm. ; cymis hand congestis, floribus vix pedicellafcis ; calycis tubo sub-campanulato fructa lineis 10 elevatis con- spicuis omato, 5 mm. long., 4 mm. lat., lobis ovatis ad 7 mm. long. ; corollsB tubo 25-30 mm. ad fauoem ampliato interne albo barbato antheris (formis visis) inclusis ; lobis ovatis sub- apiculatis, exteme hirsutis 5-7 mm. long.
Arabia. " Fuch," Menacha Yemen, Schweinfurth, 1370 ! Jebel Hain, Al Hatte, near Aden, Hunter, 4 ! 20 ! 258 ! in an elevated valley, Ad Heggias, Figari !
Flowers white, fragrant ; March to May, at from 5-7,000 feet.
5. P. LANCEOLATA, K. Schum., MSS. (an confertifolia f). " Arabia and Comores."
6. P. CONFERTIFOLIA, Baker, in Kew Bulletin (1895), p. 67. About 5,000 feet altitude.
Zambesi — Congo Watershed. Fuambo, Carson, 113! 23! in Herb. Kew.
7. P. PAUCiFLORA, Baker, in Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. ^^, Distinguished from P. Schweinfurthii by the 4-7 nerved
leaves and the longer 3-nerved calyx bracts.
Flowers (pink) Febraary, to 8,000 feet, Golis Eange. Ayhner, 10 ! Aalayra, Wardi, Darraas, Mrs. Lort Phillips^ and Miss Edith Cole, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 !
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MR. 0. F. SOOTT ELLIOT ON THE GENUS PENTA8. 433
8. Pentas Ainswoethii, 8. ElUot, sp. nov.
Fmtex ramis albidis sabteretibns jnventnte dense pilis crispis conspersis ; f oliis ovatis vel ellipticis obtuse snbaciiminatis vel apiculatis ad basin attennatis breviter petiolatis margine revolnto supra sparse pilosis (venis plants) subtns densinscnle prsBcipue ad venas hirsntis, venis plarime 8-jngis, 2-3 cm. long., 7-17 mm. lat., petiolis 1-2 mm.; floribna terminalibns con- gestis ; caljcis lobis subacutis externe hirsntis majore, 3-5 mm. long., 1 mm. lat. ; brevioribns ad 1 mm. ; corollsB tnbo 22-30 mm. ad fancem per longitndinem 5 mm. dilatato, externe hirsute, interne dense albo barbato, lobis 5-6 mm. subinflexis crispatis, externe hirsntis ; antheris (f ormA yisA) inclusis 4 mm. ; stylo exsertOy lobis hirsntis, 1 mm.
Masai Highlands. Ukambane, 8coU EUioi, 6437. At from 4-6,000 feet. Flowers in December. From P. longiflora readily distinguished by the broad leaves. This is named after my kind host who has long administered the district.
9. P. LONOiFLOEA, OZtver, in Trans, Linn. Soc.y Ser. II. (Bot.) vol. ii. (1887) p. 335.
Buwenxori. Kasagama's, Scott Elliot, 7548 !
Central Watershed, Umndi Hills, N.E. Tanganyika, Scott EUiot, 8038 !
Masai Highlands. Sotik, Man, Jackson! Ukambane, Scott Elliot, 64Q2 I 6457!
Kilimanjaro. Johnston ! New ! Marangu, Volkens, 721 1 St. Paul !
Usambara T . Mlalo River, Hoist, 2445 !
— ^Var. NTASSANA, Scott Elliot, var. nov. ; foliis fere nigris, subtus glabrioribus, stipulis ad 15 mm. longis.
Plateau North Nyassa, Thomson ! Shir6 Highlands, Buchanan, 475 and 85 ! Flowers at beginning of greater and lesser rains (November and March). Altitude 4-6,000 feet.
10. P. CARNEA, Benth. in Bot. Mag., t. 4086.
The following varieties might almost be considered specifi- cally distinct; indeed German botanists seem from MSS. notes to uphold var. c and var. d, as distinct species.
Var. a. hortensis, Scott Elliot, var. nov.; corollas tube 18 mm. longo, lobis 5 mm. fere glabris, floribus cameis dimorphis.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 F
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Hort. Serampore ! Kew ! T. Moore^ Chelsea ! Herb. Ghiy f Marti aiqtie !
— Var. b. coMORKNSis, Scott Elliot, var. nov. ; corollse tnba 15 mm. longo; lobis 5 mm. externe vix hirsutis; floribns lilacinis fere zjgomorphis, antberis plnrime inclnsis, sed non- nallis exsertis.
Johanna Island, Hildehrand, 1614 ! Humhlot, 24 ! Bojer t Lindsey ! Hutton ! Spehe ! Kirk ! Blackhume ! Terry ! Angacilla, Brewster! Kirk!
Mohilla (corolla lobes t5 mm. pubescence whiter) decomposed volcanic matter, Qaeenstown, Bojer ! Kirk ! Boivin !
Snnny places up to 1,500 feet. Flowers Jane to August.
— ^Var. c. QoABTiNiANA ; corollsB tubo 17 mm. longo, lobis 6 mm., externe fere glabris, antheris plurime inclnsis.
Abyssinia. Banks of dry streams, Amora gellel, Schimpery 548 ! Schahagenne, Schimper, 93 ! high gorges, Madi rocks, Speke ! open ground, Ukidi Forest, Speke ! Parkyns ! Salt t Plowden ! 5,500 feet altitude.
Kilimanjaro. 6,000 feet, Johnston !
Buwenzori. 9-11,000 feet, Scott Elliot, 7959 !
Uganda, Wilson ?
Flowers (crimson ?) in rains, July and November to December
— Var. d. Klotzschii ; corollee tubo 13 mm., lobis 5 mm., externe sparse hirsutis, floribns dimorphicis imbris.
Eastern Desert. Ribe, Wakefield ! Mombasa, Kirk ! Scott Elliot, 6122 !
Zanzibar. Coral, Rildebrandt, 1124 !
Usambara. Dugobnsch, Hoist, 3211 (sub nomine, P. zanzi- barica, in Herb. Kew).
Nyassa. Buchanan, 1187 ! 1285 !
— Var. e. Welwitschii; wood meadows, Menino Huilla, WeU witsch, 6308 !
11. Pentas Woodii, S. Elliot, sp. nov.
Frutex ramis teretibus hirsutis ; foliis lanceolatis subacutis ad basin longe attenuatis petiolatis (petiolis ad 12 mm. sed plurime 2-3 mm.), supra subtusque sparse hirsutis, venis lO-jugis, 9-16 cm. longis, 6-22 mm. latis ; stipularum setis circa 10 mm. ; oymad ramis primariis plurime 4, cum 6-10 floribns albis sessilibus distantibns (more Otomerice et varietatum P. camooei) ; calycis tubo campanulato obscure sulcato, lobis
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MR. G. P. SCOTT ELLIOT ON THE GENUS PENTAS. 435
11 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis glandnlis minatis altemis ; corollas tabo gracile 15 mm., lobis 4 mm. obtuse inflexis, margine orispato, interne ad fancem barbate.
Transvaal. Barberton in bushy hillsides (Thomcroft, no. 49), Wood, 4152 ! , Oal^n, 749 ! .
12. Pentas elata, K, Schum, in PJl. Ost-Afr., Bd. v. p. 377. Himo to 2,800 m., Volhens, 1822.
13. P. occidentalis, Benth, et Hook. /. ex Oliver, PI. Trap. Afr., iii. 46.
Buwenzori. East side Kivata, Scott Elliot, 7684 ! and 7687 ! Wimi River, Scott Elliot, 7914 ! West Butagu Valley, Scott Elliot, 8022 !
West Africa. Cameroons, Mann, 1993 ! 1227 ! Fernando Po, Mann ! Kalbreyer !
Flowers May to July at 7,700-9,000 feet on Ruwenzori.
14. P. ScHiMPERiANA, Vatke, in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 192. Abyssinia, Mount Scholoda in rocky declivities, Schimper,
38 ! north side, Schvm/per, 916 ! Tigre Mount Semcigata, Schimper, 613! Quartin Dillon, 126! Parhyns! Franqueville t Ankobe, Bothe, 313 !
Flowers (pinky white) July to September, over 7,000 feet altitude.
15. P. parvifolia, Hiem, in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), vol. xvi. (1877) p. 262.
Eastern Desert and Momhassa, Ukambane, Scott Elliot, 6416! Kibwezi, Scott Elliot, 6298! Mkuyuni Teita, Scott Elliot, 6167! Ndara Teita and Kitiu, Hildebrandt, 2458! Maungu, Johnston! Mombasa Island, Hildebrandt, 1994! Wakefield!
Flowers (red to crimson) at the beginning of the lesser and greater rains; apparently almost always below 4,000 feet altitude.
16. P. Thomsonii, S. Elliot, sp. nov.
Frutex congestus ubique tomento f errugineo-sericeo vestitus ; foliis lanceolatis acutis ad basin attenuatis, supra pilosis, subtua dense (venis venulisque) tomentosis, margine snbrevoluto 7-15 cm. long, et 2-3 cm. lat., venis 12-16 — ^jngis, petiolia
2f2
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436 MB. G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT ON THR GENUS PENTA8.
•
breyibns (ad 5 mm.), Btipnlamm setis aontis villosis 5-10 mm. ; braoteis linearibns, floriboB namerosis snbsessilibns umbellam simolantibns ; caljcis lobis tubnm coroll» equantibus, 6-7 mm., tnbo carapanolato dense hirsuto fere 3 mm. lat. ; ooroUao lobis fere 6-7 mm. long., 2 mm. lat., exteme birsutis, tnbo ad &ncem minnte ampliato.
Masai Highlands. Sbadj place, Nandi Hills, Scott Elliot, 6954 ! Leikipia platean (?), Tlumson !
Flowers in December, abont 6-8,000 feet altitude.
17. Pbntas pubpubea, Oliver, in Trans, Linn, Soc,, vol. xxix. (1873) p. 83.
— Var. a. ttpica; trimorphica, corollso tnbo 8 mm., lobis
2 mm., antberis yix 2 mm.
Zanzibar, dry berbaceous meadows, Hildebrandt, 1128 ! Spehe, 15 ! Kirk, 81 !
Pemba, Kirk!
East Coast. XTsni, Bpeke, 140 ! Marangu, Volkens, 418 ! Bibe, Wakefield!
Flowers (pnrple or lilac) June P or September ? It is very possible tbat tbe Zanzibar Island form (P. zanzibarica, Vatke) is scarcely the same as the East Coast specimens.
— ^Yar. b. Buohanani ; corollsB tnbo 8 mm., dense hirsute, lobis
3 mm., floribns congestis dimorphicis.
Shird Highlands, Mbame villages, Mauganja, Kirk ! Sotchi, Kirk! Blantyre, Buchanan, 14! 456! 1057!
Flowers March, at 3-4,000 feet.
—Var. c. ?
Kilmanjaro, Johnston! C. E, Smith! At about 5,000 feet altitude. Also Welwitsch^ 5315 !
18. P. ARVENSis, Hiem, in Oliver, Fl, Trop, Afr,, vol. iii. p. 47. Nileland, On cultivation, Derargo Mittu, Schtceinfurth,
2775!
Flowers (white, violet throat) January.
Var. viOLACEA, Hiem, MSS,
Rocky slopes 2,400-3,800 feet. Pungo Andongo., Weltoitsch, 5309, 5310, 5311 !
19. P. PARVirLORA, Benth. in Bot, Mag., sub. t. 4086.
West Coast. Accra [Niger], Vogel ! In Herb. Kew. Flowers blue.
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20. Pentas yolubilis, K, Bchum.y M88.
Eamerun Yaondestation, Zinker, 308 ! No d&scription appended to the specimen.
21. P. «p. fww., Hiern, MSS.
Amongst palms Golango Alto. Caango River, Welvntsch, 5304!
22. P. MCSSXNDOIDES, Baker^ in Joum, Linn, 8oc. (Bot.), vol. XX. (1883) p. 165.
A very abnormal form closely approaching other genera. Madagascar, wet places in forest, East Imerina, Hildebrandty 3825 ! moist hnmns, Ankeramadinika, Scott Elliot, 1884 ! 1753 ! Andrangaloaka, Parker! Lyall, 195! Baron, 370, 1059, 1921, 4718, 4849 !
23. P. MiCRANTHA, Baker, in Joum. Linn. Sac. (Bot.), vol. xxi. (1885) p. 408.
Allied to P. cornea.
Tanala Forest, North and Central Madagascar, Baron, 310, 3292, 3980, 6295 1
24. P. HiRTiFLORA, Bdk^, in Jowm. Linn. Soc. (Bot,), vol. xxii. (1887) p. 482.
Nearly allied to P. Thomsonii^ &c. Central Madagascar, Baron, 4732 !
Excluded Species.
P. INVOLUCBATA, Baker, in Kew Bulletin (1895), p. ^^.
This is Spermacoce dibraehiata, Oliver — Fnambo, Canon, 40 ! which is common in the Shir6 Highlands {BucTuman, 204, 1094, 3951).
P. SPBGIOSA, Baker.
This is a new species of Otomeria closely allied to 0. dilatata ; this latter genus should, I think, be included in Pentas, but it is distinctly not advisable to make alterations in the genera unless the entire order is monographed.
The original Otomeria dilatata, Hiern, contains the following plants : Barter, 1287 ! Congo, Hens, 34 ! Blantyre, Last ! Milanje Whyte ! Buchanan, 310 ! 1493 !
Otomeria spedosa, S. Elliot, contains Welwitsch, 5316 ! 5317 ! and Scott EUiot, 5239 and 5392 ! 203 miles south of Niamkolia Tanganyika, Carson!
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438 ME. Q. p. SCOTT ELLIOT ON THE GENUS PENTAS.
Key to Collectors* Numbers.
AiflmeTf 10 s P. pauoiflora.
Baron, 870, 1059, 1921, 4718, 4849 » P. musMendoides ; 310, 3292, 3980,
6295 » P. micmntha ; 4782 - P. hirtiflora. Barter, 1237 » Otomeria dilatata.
Buchanan, 85, 475 « loDgiflora ; 1187, 1285 » caraea d. ; 14, 466, ' 1057 = purpurea ; 204, 1094, 8951 « Sp«rmacoc6 ; 1498, 310 =
Otomeria dilatata. Carton, 113, 23 » ooufertifolia ; 40 — Spermacooe. Scott Elliot, 7959 » camea c. ; 6122 » camea d. ; 6954 - TboxnBonii
8045 » Tertioillata ; 1884, 1753 — mussaendoides ; 6487 » Ainfvrorthii ;
6482, 6467, 7548, 8088 - longiflora; 7684, 7687, 7914, 8022 - ooci-
dentaliB; 5239, 5392 -> Otomeria speciosa; 6416, 6298, 6167 »
panrifolia. Fitcker, 819 » Terticillata. Galpin, 749 « Woodii. M^nt, 34 » Otomeria. Hildehrandt, 1614 - camea b. ; 1124 » camea d. ; 2458, 1994 » parrifolia ;
1128 a* purpurea ; 3825 » musuendoides. Holtt, 418 » longituba ; 2445 » longifiora ; 3211 » camea d. Sumblot, 24 B camea b. Munter, 20, 47, 258 « Schweinfurthii. Kirk, 81 = purpurea.
Zort Philips and Cole, 9, 11->14 = glabreecens ; 1-8, 10 ~ pauciflora. LyaU, 195 a miissffindoides. Mann, 1227, 1993 » ocddentalis. Quartin Dillon, 126 -■ Sobimperiana. Rothe, 313 » Schimperiana.
Schimper, 93, 548 — oamea o ; 38, 513, 916 « Schimperiana. Schweinfurth, 2775 « arvensis ; 1370 =» Schweinfurthii. Speke, 15, 140 » purpurea.
Volkent, 1822 « elata; 418 - purpurea; 721 - longifiora. Welwittch, 5315 = purpurea; 5308 => caraea; 5309, 5310, 5311 » arrensis
Tar; 6316, 6317 — Otomeria speciosa ; 6304 => n. sp. Wood, 4152 - Woodii. Zinker, 308 = Tolubilis.
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HE. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS YANILLA. 439
A Revision of the Genus Vanilla, By R. Allbn Rolfb, A.L.S., Assistant in the Herbarium of the Rojal Gardens, Kew.
[Bead 19th December, 1895.]
1. Historical Introduction, p. 489.
2. Fertilization, p. 442.
3. Affinities, p. 443.
4. Classification, p. 443.
5. Geographical Distribution, p. 443.
6. Economic Uses, p. 444.
7. Generic Cliaracters, p. 446.
8. Key to Species, p. 446.
9. Description of Species, p. 449.
A PArER entitled '* Vanillas of Commerce " appeared in the Kew Bulletin in August, 1895 (pp. 169-178), in which the history of the species yielding aromatic fruits, more or less used in commerce, was given. In preparing that account it became increasingly apparent that the economic species had been hopelessly confused, both with each other and with those whose fruits are not aromatic, and, therefore, with the Directors' sanction, I undertook to revise the botany of the genus so far as the somewhat imperfect materials at hand permitted, and the results are embodied in the pi'esent paper.
I have to thank the authorities of the British Museum for facilities in comparing the specimens in that establishment, and those of the Royal Botanic Garden, Berlin, for the loan of types of two species described by Klotzsch.
Historical Introduction.
The earliest botanical notice of a species of Yauilla is given by Glusius in his * Exoticorum Libri Decem,' published in 1605, where fruits of the true Mexican Vanilla of commerce are described under the name of Lohus oblongus a/roTruUicus (p. 72). They had been obtained from Hugh Morgan, apothecary to Queen Elizabeth, but nothing appears to have been known of their native country or uses. In 1651 Hernandez figured the characteristic growth and fruits of the plant under the name of Araco aromcUico (*Nova Plantarum Mexicanorum Histoiia,' p. 38), mentioning its use as a drug and recording its native
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440 MR. E. ALLEN ROLFB ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
name as ** Tlilxoohitl." In 1658 Piso added the information that it was used by the Spaniards as an ingredient in the manu- factnre of chocolate on account of its fragrance, and that they called it " Vajnilla" or little pod ('Mantissa/ pp. 200, 201).
Soon afterwards Dampier gave some valuable information about the same plant, which in 1676 he had seen growing on the coast of the Bay of Campeachy, South Mexico (' Voy.,' ii. p. 123), and in 1681 at Boca-toro, in Costa Eica (Z.c, i. p. 38). It was largely collected by the Indians, who sold it to the Spaniards. He also describes the method of cui*ing the fruit, and remarks that the plant bears a yellow flower (Z.c, i. p. 234).
In 1796 a Jamaican species was confused with the preceding, both by Plukenet C Almagest. Bot.,' p. 381) and Sloane C Cat. PL Ins. Jam.,' p. 70), which is now known to be F. tnotiora, whose fruits are not aromatic. This confusion was particularly unfortunate, as it has been continued in some form or another by almost every writer down to the present time.
In 1703 Plumier briefly defined the genus Vcmilla for the first time, enumerating three species from the West Indies (*Nov. PI. Amer. Gen.,' p. 25X one of which still remains doubtful. The Mexican VantUa was not included. In 1705 Merian figured the fruiting branch of a species from Surinam (* Metamorph. Insect. Surinam.,' t. 25), but in the text confused it with the Mexican species. Three species were now confused together, and these, in 1753, were all included by Linneus under his Epidendrum Vanilla (* Sp. PI.,* p. 952), which in turn became the Vanilla aromatica of Swartz on his reviving Plumier's genus Vanilla in 1799 (' Nov. Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal.,* vi. p. 66), A leafless West Indian species, F. davicvlata^ was now added for the first time.
The Mexican Vanilla had been introduced to cultivation prior to 1739, when the second edition of MiUer's ' (hardener's Dictionary' was published, but appears to have been again lost. It was, hoifvever, re-introduced by the Marquis of Blandford and flowered in the collection of the Eight Hon. Charles Greville, at Paddington, prior to 1807, in which year a flowering specimen was figured and described by Salisbury under the name of Mychroma fragrans (' Parad. Lond.,' t. 82), and a year later Andrews published another figure as Vanilla plamfoUa (*Bot. Rep.,* viii. t. 538). Both of these authors wrongly identified the plant with a West Indian species, and
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MR. B. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA. 441
both eqnally failed to recognise in it the true Mexican VantUa of commerce, whose flowers were now figured for the first time. It is not a little curions that Francis Bauer shonld have prepared a drawing from the self-same plant in 1807, showing a fresh fmit. The plate was not published until some years later, between 1830 and 1838 (* III. Orch. PL, Gen.,' tt. 10, 11), but a note states that it was " drawn by Mr. Bauer in 1807." This is the first evidence of the production of fruit in Europe. How the flower became fertilized is not known.
Accounts of the Vanilla in its native habitat were successively published by Aublet in 1775 (*Hist. PI. Guian. Franc.,* ii. Mem. 4, pp. 77-86), by Humboldt in 1811 (' Voj. de Humb. et Bonpl.,' pt. 3, vol. ii. p. 437), and by Schiede in 1829 (Linnaaa, iv. pp. 573-576), chiefly with regard to their economic aspect, though the latter described four supposed new species, all of which, however, were previously known under other names. In 1825 Blume described two species from the Malayan Archipelago (' Bijdr.,' p. 422) and a third which had flowered in the Buitenzorg Botanic Gurden, whence it had been obtained from Europe, and which subsequently proved to be V. planifoUa,
In 1838 a remarkable paper was read before the Bntish Association at Newcastle by Professor Charles Morren, entitled, '^ On the production of Yanilla in Europe,'' which was published in the following year (Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. I. iii. pp. 1-9), in which the author showed how he had obtained two large crops of pods by fertilizing the flowers artificially, and suggested that its failure to fruit in India was probably due to the absence of some species of insect which doubtless existed in Mexico, and there fertilized the flowers.
In 1840 Dr. Lindley admitted twelve species in his * Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants ' (pp. 434-437), but several of these are much confused and others synonymous, most of the old errors being here reproduced. Since that period about 25 additional species have been described in various scattered publications, and in 1895 a full account of the species known to have aromatic fruits appeared in the Kew BulleHn (pp. 169-1 78) > in which the history of the economic species was traced and two additional ones described ; but no systematic revision of the entire genus has been attempted until now.
In the present paper 50 species are admitted, of which 17 are new, including five which have been confused with previously
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442 MB. B. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS YANILLA.
known forms. Several, however, are still very imperfectly known, and it is greatly to be wished that those who have the opportnnities would collect a series of flowerin|2f and fraiting specimens, which wonld materially assist in completing oar knowledge of this very difficult genus.
Fertilization.
Owing to their highly complex structure the flowers are incapable of self-fertilization, and in the case of F. planifolia, which is so largely cultivated as an economic plant, artificial fertilization is invariably practised, except in Mexico and Central America, where the species is indigenous. Here Deltiel records that the flowers are fertilized by bees of the genus Melipone^ which visit the flowers for the honey they afford. I have not succeeded in finding any further records on the subject, and it would be interesting if this point could be cleared up. In other regions nothing whatever seems to be known of the insects which fertilize the flowers, although the genus is so widely diffused through the tropics. As regards V. planifolia it may be said that the flowers are fragrant, and that they secrete a large amount of honey at the bottom of the tube, which would naturally attract insects. The front lobe of the lip is reflexed and somewhat rough, and thus would afford a lighting place for the insect, which would then crawl into the tube to suck the honey. A small bee would easily get the front part of its body past the anther, because the appendages of the crest are all deflexed towards the base, but on retreating these would present an obstacle, and in order to pass them the bee would have to elevate its body, and thus would press against the incumbent anther and dislodge the pollinia. In what way these become attached to the insect in this case is perhaps not known, but it may be safely assumed that they do become so attached and are carried away. On retreating from the flower the bee would also lift up the flap-like rostellum which protects the stigma, and thus any pollen wonld inevitably be deposited on the latter and fertilize the flower. In other species of the genus the structure is similar, so that it may safely be assumed that fertilization is effected in the same way.
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mr. r. allen rolfe on the gen os vanilla. 443
Aphnities.
VaniUa belongs to ihe small snbtribe Vanilleoe^ which com- prises also Epistephiumy Eriaxisy Oaleola, Sobraliay and Sertifera^ thongh the latter two are excluded by Pfitzer. The species of Epistephium are erect herbs, natives of ti'opical America, with pnrple flowers and a calycnlns at the base of the perianth segments — an organ which is also found in VaniUa palmarum. The species of Galeola are leafless saprophytes, in colour ranging from yellow to brown and red ; the genus ranges from India and Japan to Australia. Eriaxis is from New Caledonia and has been referred to the latter, but has leafy shoots besides some differences in structure. Sohralia and Sertifera are erect herbs, natives of tropical America, and quite distinct in habit.
Classification.
In the following enumeration an attempt has been made to arrange the species in as natural a sequence as possible, so far as the materials at hand permitted, but some modification is sure to be found necessary when flowers and fruit of all the species are known. Owing to the incomplete materials of some of the species, I have had to utilise geographical limitations in a few cases in the key, but in all such cases the species bracketed together appear to be intimately allied. The division into leaf-bearing or leafless species seems to be the most natural, and the latter evidently forming a very highly specialized group are placed at the end. Conversely, those with the tube extremely short and the lip without a central crest are placed at the beginning, being obviously the least specialized. The remainder form a fairly natural transition between the two.
Geographical Distribution.
The genus is widely diffused throughout the forest region of the tropics, but the species themselves are very local. From the annexed table it will be seen that of the 50 species, 29 are American, 11 Asiatic, and 10 African, the headquarters of the genas being in Brazil and Guiana, where 15 species occur, but of these only four are common to both, so far as our present knowledge extends.
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444 MR. R. ALLEN ROLPE ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
Endemic Species of Vanilla.
Central America . . Pfaviana, planifoUa.
West Indies . . . . phcBanthaj daviculatay barbeUata,
Eggersii, Poitcei. Brazil and Guiana . . ovata, organensis, acuta^ pwrvifoliay
palmaruTn, Kostmanni^ Qardneri^
Velloxii, carinata, hicolor, appen-
diculata, Chamiseonis, Colombia . . . . Metlumicaj Sprucei, Columbiana^
ensifoUa. Pern and Ecuador . . haTnata, Buiziana, odorata. West tropical Africa., africana^ acuminata^ cucullata^ ra-
mosa^ ovalifoliay grandifolia. East tropical Africa . . Boscheri, Mascarene Islands . . Tnadaga^cariensts, Phalcenopsis, Hum-
blotii, Ceylon and S. India . . Mooniiy Wightiana, Walkertce. Bnrma. . . . . . ParishiL
Malaya . . . . Oriffithii, albida, bomeenstSy palem-
banica, aphylla, Philippine Islands . . philippinensis, calqpogon.
Distributed Species of Vanilla.
West Indies, Brazil, and Guiana. . . . . . Wrightii.
Central America, West Indies, Brazil, and
Guiana • • . . . • . . . . . . inodora.
Central America, Brazil, Guiana, and Columbia Pompona.
Economic Uses.
The fruit of Vanilla planifolia is the true Vanilla of commerce, which is said to have been first brought to Europe as a perfume about the year 1510. For some time it was also used in medicine, but soon passed entirely into the hands of the confectioners, by whom it is very larjjfely used for flavouring purposes. At first collected only in Mexico and Guatemala, where it is indigenous, it has also been cultivated there for nearly a century, and some time later it was introduced into other tropical countries, where, however, artificial fertilization
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Mfi. R. ALLEN BOLFB ON THE GENUS VANILLA. 445
has to be practised. In Reunion, where the industry com- menced about half a century ago, it is estimated that probably 3,000 acres are under cultivation, and the crop of 1889 exceeded 500,000 lbs. It is also cultivated in the Seychelles, Mauritius, Java, Tahiti, and Fiji. The finest Yanilla is said to be still produced in Mexico, and in 1891 the amount imported into the United States was 135,875 lbs., this being the chief market for Mexican Yanilla.
The fruit of F. Fompona comes into the market under the name of Vanillons, the bulk of those entering into commerce being obtained from the West Indies ; Guadeloupe and Martinique being the principal places of export. Some are also collected in Mexico from wild plants. Their principal consumption is said to be among the tobacco mannfacturers and perfumers, for the manufacture of sachet powders. The fruits are very fleshy and difficult to dry, but are largely used in a fresh state for flavouring confectionery.
The source of what is known as South American Yanilla is a little donbtf ul, bat is thought to be V, Oardneriy for Gardner says : — *' This is the plant which yields the Yanilla (Banilha of the Brazilians) in Brazil," and frnits in the Kew Museum labelled *' Brazilian or Bahia Yanilla," have the same rank odour as is ascribed to '* South American Yanilla." Of the latter, as much as 9,000 lbs. are said to have been imported into the United Kingdom in 1891, and it has been suggested that it is chiefly used as an adulterant.
F. phceantha has also been cultivated in the West Indies, bat its frnits are said to possess very little perfume. F. odorata and F. appendiculata have also aromatic fruits, but are not known in commerce. Humboldt also records one as occurring in Peru ; it is probable that our information under this head is still very imperfect.
Generic Character. Yanilla, 8w, in Nov. Act. Soc. 8c. Upsal, vi. (1799) p. 66^ t. 5. Sepala subaequalia, libera, patentia vel subpatentia. Petala sepalis snbsimilia. Labelli ungais columned plus minusve adnatus, saepissime tubum long^um formans, limbus latus, integer vel trilobus, facie laDvis, puberulus vel varie appendicu- latus, medio ssepius cristatus, columna elongata, subincurva, apoda, ad latera stigmatis biauricnlata. Antbera margini
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446
MR. R. ALLEN BOLFE ON THE GENUS YANILLA.
clinandrio affixa, incumbens, conv^exa vel semiglobosa, opercn- lata, localis discretis, pollinia palyereo-granalosa. Stigma transversnm sub rostello sitam ; rostellum latum snbartica- latum. Gapsula linearis vel oblonga, camosa, tarde dehiscens ; semina nigra, nitida.
Herbsd validsB, alte scandentes, ramossB, foliossB vel aphjlls, ramiu radices adventicias emittentibns. Folia coriacea yel camosa, sessilia vel breviter petiolata. Racemi ssspissime axillares, snbsessiles yel pedancolati. Floras magni. Bractea^ ovatad vel oblongsd s»pias parvae. Ltndl.y Qen. and Sp. Orch., p. 434; Bauer, III Orch. Qen., tt. 10, 11; Benth. et Hook, f.^ Qen. PL, iii. p. 690. Mjobroma, Salish, Farad. Lond., t. 82.
Kit to Species.
A. Stems leafy Section Folios^e.
* Disc of lip without a crest or tuft of hairs or appendages, t Lip three-lobed, adnate to column at base only. J Stem leaves 4-7 in. long, or occasionallj longer, a. Leaves broadly elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, a. Leaves elliptic ovate to elliptical i. Inflorescence axillary or subterminal; bracts much smaller
than leaves, a. Sepals and petals 6-7 lin. broad.... /3. Sepals and petals 3-4 lin. broad. Leaves ovate. Guiana species .... Leaves elliptic - ovate. New
Granada species
ii. Inflorescence terminal ; bracts !ai^
and leaf-like
aa. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate
aa. Leaves oblong «.
IX Stem leaves about 3 in. long
ft Lip entire or subentire, adnate to sides of column, up to middle or beyond. Inflorescence axillary ; fruits
elongate-linear
Inflorescence terminal ; fruits linear-oblong ** Disc of lip with a central crest or tuft of hairs or appendages, t Tube, formed by union of sides of lip with column, about as broad as long.
1. F. inodora.
2. V.ovcUa.
3. V.Methonica.
4. V. Pfaviana. 6. F. organensis.
6. F. acuta.
7. V. parvifolia.
8. V. Wrightit.
9. V. palmarum.
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MR. R. ALLEN ROLPE ON THE GENUS VANILLA. 447
X Front lobe of lip acate or apiculate. African species.
a. Leaves broadlv lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate. L Column with upper third free from
lip.
Leaves 2-5 in. long ; front lobe of
lip triangular 10. V, africana.
Leaves 6-7 in. long ; front lobe of
lip broadly oblong ».. 11. V. cummtnoUa.
ii. Column with upper two-thirds free
from lip 12. V, cucvllata,
b. Leaves oblong or elliptical-oblong.
Leaves 4-6 in. long ; front lobe of
lip acute 13. V, ramosa.
Leaves 3-3^ in. long ; front lobe of
lip subobtuse 14. F. ovcdifolia.
XX Front lobe of lip retuse or emarginate.
Asiatic species 15. V. Chiffitkii,
ft Tube, formed by union of sides of lip
with column, much longer than broad.
Leaves very broadly eliiptic-ovate or
suborbicular 16. V, grandi/olia.
Leaves oblong-elliptic or narrower.
Asiatic species.
a. Racemes 6 in. long; fruit oblong .... 17. V, phtltppinensis^ p. Eacemes 1^-3 in. long ; fruit linear- oblong or elongate linear, i. Fruit elongate-linear.
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate.
Bracts numerous, crowded .... 18. F. aUnda,
Bracts few, lax 19. F. borneenns.
Leaves ovate ^ 20. F. palembamca.
ii. Fruit linear-oblong 21. F. Moonii.
American species.
Leaves elliptic - lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, equally tapering at both ends 22. V. Sprueei.
Leaves elliptic-oblong ,to linear -lanceo- late, not equally tapering at both ends.
Leaves broadly elliptical .... 23. F. hamaUu
Leaves oblong or narrower.
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* Leaves oblong or elliptical- oblong, t Nerves of lip smooth or verrucose. § Sepals and petals 1 j in. long, or longer.
Extra-Braadlian species.
a. Bracts oblong or linear-oblong, small.
Disc of lip smooth 24. V. Hostmanni
Disc of lip verrucose 26. V. planifolia,
b. Bracts elliptical or elliptical-oblong,
larger. Fruits subcjlindrical, 3 in. long .... 26. V. phasantha. Fruits trigonous, 6-7 in. long .... 27. F. Pompona,
Brazilian species.
a. Lip not strongly keeled in front.
Bracts subdistichous
Bracts scattered ....
b. Lip strongly keeled in front
§§ Sepals and petals 1^ in. long
tt Nerves of lip bearing small foliaceous appendages. Lip with broad sub-obtuse apex
Lip with narrow acute apex
** Leaves linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate. a. Leaves over an inch broad.
Leaves broad at base. Brazilian species Leaves somewhat narrowed at base.
Peruvian species
/3. Leaves J to scarcely an inch broad.
Leaves ensiform, 7-10 lin. broad .... Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5-7 in. broad
28. V. Oardneri
29. V.Velloni
30. V. carinata,
31. r. Columbiana.
B. Stems aphyllous, or with leaves reduced to bract-like scales
* Sepals and petak 1-1|, or rarely 2 in. long. t West Indian species.
a. Scales ^2 in. long, and rather narrow. Disc of lip glabrous, or nearly so .... Disc of lip barbellate
b. Scales 2^^ in. long, and rather
broader
tt Asiatic species.
a. Hairs on disc of lip 2 or more lines long. Hairs on, disc of lip arranged in a single median line
32. V, bicolor,
33. F. appendiculata.
34. V. Chamtssonis.
35. V, Ruiziana.
36. r. ensifolia.
37. V. odorata.
Section APHYLLiK.
38. V. clamctdata,
39. V. barbeOata,
40. V, Eggeriiu
41. V.aphylUu
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449
Hairs on disc of lip numerous and spreading. Lip 3-lobed, with broad side lobes
Lip obscurely 3-lobed ^.
h. Hairs on disc of lip under 1 lin. long
♦* Sepals and petals 2--3J in. long ^.
a. Lip glabrous, with two pubescent lines from base to middle.
i. Ceylon species
ii. African species.
Continental African species Mascarene species. Hairy lines of disc nearly obsolete.
(Madagascar)
Disc with two broad pubescent
lines below middle. (Seychelles)
h. Lip velvety, disc villose towards the
centre
42. V.ParuJUl
43. V, calopogon,
44. F. Wightiana.
45. V. Walkerice,
46. V. Roscheri.
47. V.madagcuoariensis.
48. V, Phaalnapns.
49. F. Eumblotii.
Section doubtful. Lip margined and veined
with dark violet. Santo Domingo species 50. V. PoitceL
Description op Species.
Sect. I. Folios j;. — Caules foliati, foliis altemis variis. Sp. 1-37.
1. Vanilla inodora, Schiede, in Linnceay iv. (1829) p. 674, efc vi. (1831) p. 59; canle crassiusculo, paullo flezuoso ; foliis subsessilibus ovato-ellipticis vel elliptico - oblongis breviter acuminatis ; racemis axillaribns vel snbterminalibas fleznosis ; bracteis ovato-oblongis vel lanceolato-ovatis subacntis rarius foliaceis; sepalis petalisque lanceolato^blongis subobtusis; labello trilobo sepalis petalisque fere eaquilongo latissimo bafii columned adnato, lobis lateralibus oblongis obtnsis, lobo inter- medio late ovato-oblongo subacuto ; disco tricarinato, column^ clavat4; capsnlis lineari-elongatis graeilibus inodoris. — IdncU.y Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 437 ; Klotzsch, in Bot, Zeit., iv. (1846) p. 564 ; Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer., iii. p. 294.
Epidendrum VaniUa, L. Sp. PL, ed. I. p. 962 (partim).
Vanilla mexicana, i/iZZ., Gard. Bict.^ ed. 8 (1768), n. 1 (partim). V. aroraatica, Sw. in Nov. Act. Sac. Sci. Upsal., vi. (1799) p. 66, et in Schrad. Joum., ii. p. 208 (partim); LincU.^ Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 434 (partim) ; Oogn. in Mart. Fl, Bras.,
linn. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 0
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iii. IV. p. 149 (partim). V. Epidendrnm, Mirh., Hist PZ.,ed. II. ix. p. 249 (partim). V. gaianensis, Splitg. in Ann. 8c. Nat., s^r. n. XV. (1841) p. 279 (partim) ; De Vriese in Tuinb. Fl., iii, pp. 78, 81, tt. 5, 6 (excl. fruit) ; Cogn., I.e., p. 151 (partim). V. Bnrinamensis, Beichb. f. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch., iv. (1859) p. 321 (partim). V. anaromatica, Oriseb., Fl. Brit W. Ind. (1864) p. 638 ; et Oat, PL Cub., p. 267.
Hab. Mexico, W. Indies et G-uiana. South Mexico, Misantla, Schiede ! Mirador, Liebman, 297 ! Nicaragua, Seemann, 181 1 Jamaica, Purdie ! Morris ! Cuba, Wright, 3353 ! Porto Rico, Sierra de Loguillo, Eggers, 1322! Sintenis, 1739! San Domingo, Eggers, 2086 ! Dominica, De Ponthieu ! Imray, 138 ! Uanuige ! Trinidad, Crueger ! Surinam, Hostman, 71 ! Britisli Guiana, Mazaruni Biver, Jernnan, 682! Pomeroon River, Jenman, 1614 !
Folia 3-11 poll, longa, 1^-4^ poll. lata. Racemi 3-5 poll, longi. Bractefld J-IJ poll. long®. Pedicelli 1^ poll. longT. Sepala et petala l|-2 poll, longa, 5-7 lin. lata. Labellum 1|-1| poll, longum. Columna 1 poll, longa. Capsula 5-10 poll, longa.
The history of this common species has been much confused. It was originally described by Plumier in 1703 (* Nov. (Jen. PL Amer.,' p. 25) as Vanilla flore viride et oLbo, frudu nigrescente, and afterwards figured (*P1. Amer.,' ed. Barm., p. 183, t. 188), on the latter occasion being confused with various other species, including the true Vanilla of commerce. LinnsBus failed to detect this confusion when establishing his Epidendrum Vanilla, and both Miller and Swartz repeated the error when establish- ing their species; both cited Plumier's figure, and Swartz applied a misleading specific name in consequence, for it is now known that the fruit is not aromatic. Splitzgerber was not more fortunate, for he re-described what are evidently flowering specimens of this and fruits of V, Pompona under the name of Vanilla guianensis, and De Yriese afterwards figured the same combination. Reichenbach followed, changing the name to Vamlla surinamensis, evidently through a slip. That Splitz- gerber fell into this error is apparent from his remarks, for he was only able to distinguish the species from F. aramatica by its different fruit, and these he identified with those figured by Merian (* Metamorph. Insect. Surinam.,' t. 25), and described by Aublet (* Hist. PI. Ghiian. Franc.,' ii. Mem. 4, p. 79). The
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froit figured by De Vriese is diaracteristic of F. Pompona, and the bracts quite differeut from tbose of his flowering specimen. The flowers and fruit of both species are now well known, and the confusion is therefore evident. Grisebach changed the name to Vanilla anaromatica, evidently on the ground that the fruit is not aromatic, but wrongly excluded F. guianensis (probably because of the fruit) and Catesby's figure (*Nat. Hist. Carol./ i. App., p. 7, t. 7). In Martins's * Flora Brasi- liensis/ F. aromatica and F. guianensis are kept distinct by Cogniauz, but four specimens representing F. organensis, Rolfe, are included under the former, and the description is evidently partly drawn from them. F. inodora, Schiede, was described from fruiting specimens which belong here, and as the name is the earliest correct one which was applied to the species it is here adopted.
2. Vanilla ovata, Rolfe ; caule subgracili suflexuoso ; foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis subacutis ; racemis axillaribus vel sub- terminalibus gracilibus paucifloris ; bracteis ovatis subacutis ; sepalis petal isque lineari-obiongis subacutis undulatis ; labello trilobo basi columned adnato, lobis lateralibus oblongis apioe rotundato-obtusis, lobo intermedio late oblongo subobtuso ; disco tricarinato ; column^ clavat4.
Hah. Guiana, Martin ! (Mas. Brit.)
Folia 6^ poll. longa, 4 poll. lata. Racemi 4-5 poll, longi. Bracte» 4-9 lin. long®. Pedicelli 1^ poll, longi. Sepala et petala 1^ poll. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Labellum 1^ poll, longum. Columna 1 poll, longa. Capsula ignota.
Distinguished from the preceding by its more slender stems and racemes, and its smaller flowers with narrower segments.
8. y. Methonica, Beichh. /. et Warsz, in Bonplandia^ ii. (1854) p. 97 ; caule subgracili flezuoso ; foliis elliptico-oblongis breviter acuminatis vel subobtusis ; racemis lateralibus pauci- floris ; bracteis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis subacutis ; sepalis petalisque lineari-obiongis acutis undulatis ; labello trilobo basi oolumnsB adnato, lobis lateralibus oblongis apice rotundatis, lobo intermedio brevi triangulari-ovato subobtuso; disco medio nervis crassinsculis apice rnguloso ; column^ clavatft ; capsule (ex Reichb. f .) '* maxime aromaticft."
Hah. New Granada, 6,000-8,000 ped.,Tramctt;ic«/ Antioquia, PatinI Ibague, OoudotI
2o2
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Folia 2-8 poll, longa, 1-2 J poll lata. Bracteaa 4-6 poll. longsB. Sepala et petala l^lf poll. Ion gee. Labellnm l^ poll, longam. Colamna 1 poll, longa. Gapsula (ex Reiclib. f.) " 5-6 poll, longa."
Reichenbach describes the fruit as very aromatic and states that it yields the finest Vanilla which comes into the market, though how he obtained the information cannot be ascertained. Part of the type specimen is in Lindley's Herbarium, but is only in the flowering stage, while the fruits of other species of this group, so fai* as known, are not aromatic ; so that, no other evidence of the occurrence of an economic species in New Granada being obtainable, some mistake must be suspected.
4. Vanilla Pfavuna, Reichb.f. in Oard. Chron., N.S. xx. (1883) p. 230 ; caule flexuoso gracili ; foliis oblong^s acuminatis ; racemis terminalibus ; bracteis foliaceis oblongo - lanceolatis acutis ; sepalis petalisque oblongis acutis tortilibus ; labello trilobo basi columnas adnato, lobis lateralibus oblongis, lobo intermedio producto emarginato crenato ; disco medio crassiusculo.
Hah. Mexico, Ffau.
Folia 4-6 poll, longa.
Only known from the original description. It is evidently allied to the preceding, but in what respect it differs in uncertain, both species being very imperfectly known.
5. V. ORGANENSis, Bolfe ; caule subgracili ; foliis sub- sessilibus lanceolato-oblongis subacuminatis ; racemis termi- nalibus paucifloris ; bracteis foliaceis, sepalis petalisque lineari- lanceolatis subacuminatis apice recurvis marginibus crispo- nndulatis ; labello sublibero trilobo, lobis lateralibus rotundato- oblongis, lobo intermedio oblongis acuto ; disco ecristato nervo medio paullo incrassato ; column^ clavata ; capsule elongato- lineari.
V. aromatica, Lindl.^ Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 434, partim (non 8w.) ; Cogn. in Mart, Fl. Bras., iii. pars iv. p. 150, partim (non Sw.).
Hah. Brazil, Organ Mountains, at mai*gin of waterfall , Gardner y 632 ! Miers ! Near Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou, 11,620, 14,320 !
Folia 2|-5 poll, longa, |-1 J poll. lata. Pedicelli 2 poll, longi.
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Sepala et petala 1^-1 J poll, longa. Labellnm 1^-1^ poll longBm. Colamna 10 lin. longa. Capsula 5 lin. longa.
Readily distinguislied from F. inodoray ScHede (F. aromatica, Sw.), with which Lindley and sabseqnent authors have con- f Qsed it, by its terminal inflorescence, with large leaf -like bracts, narrower sepals and petals, and other characters. The fruit is not aromatio.
6. Vanilla acuta, Solfe ; caule crassiusculo ; foliis breviter petiolatis elliptico - oblongis ; racemis axillaribas brevibus paucifloris flexuosis ; bracteis oyatis acuminatis ; sepalis petal- isque oblongo-lanceolatis acutis ; labello basi columned adnato trilobo, lobis lateralibns oblongis, lobo intermedio ovato-oblongo subobtuso ; disco ecristato nervis tribus incrassatis apice rugu- losis ; column^ clavatll.
Hah, Surinam, Kappler ! A drawing by Schomburgk (at the British Museum) labelled River Berbice, British Guiana, probably belongs here.
Folia 6-7 poll, longa, 3 poll. lata. Racemi 2r-2\ poll, longi. Bracte» 5-8 lin. longad. Pedicelli 2 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 1^ poll, longa, 6 lin. lata. Labellum 1^ poll, longum. Columna 1 poll, longa.
Allied to the preceding, but readily distinguished by the oblong leaves, acuminate bracts, more acute sepals and petals, and by the proportionately narrower lip. The flowers are described by Kappler as yellow. Schomburgk's drawing has greenish sepals and petals and a whitish lip, but it agrees so well in other respects that I think it must be this species. It shows an elongate-linear fruit 5 inches long.
7. V. PAKVIFOLIA, Rodr.^ Qen, et 8p, Orch. Nov., ii. (1881) p. 271 ; caule subgracili intemodiis brevibus ; foliis ovato- oblongis brevissime acuminatis; racemis terminalibus pauci- floris, bracteis foliaceis ; sepalis petalisque lanceolato-oblongis subobtusis; labello libero trilobo, lobis lateralibus rotundato- obloDgis, lobo intermedio semiorbicnlari margine plicato- Qudulato ; disco medio crassiuscalo nervis paullo elevatis, column& glabdt; capsule lineari-oblongft. — Cogn. in Mart. Fl, Bras., iii. pars iv. p. 151, t. 33.
Hob. Brazil in the forests of Parana, near Curityba, Rodrigues.
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Folia lf-8 poll, longa, 1-lJ poll. lata. Pedicelli 2 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2 poll, longa. Labellum 1^ poll, longnm. Colomna 1 poll. longa.
Allied to the preceding, bnt readily distingnisbed by its tbree-lobed lip and longer fmit, which is probably not aromatic. The flowers are green. I have only seen a drawing.
8. Vanilla Wbiohtii, Beichb. /. in Flora, xlviii. (1865) p. 273 ; canle subgracili; foliis elliptico- vel lanceolato-oblon^s sab- obtnsis vel rarins acatis breviter petiolatis ; racemis brevibas pancifloris, rhachi subcompresso, bracteis distichis triangn- lari-ovatis obtnsis condnplicato-ooncavis ; sepalis petalisqne lanceolatis snbobtnsis; labello integro; disco laBvi; colmnna clavat4 ; capsulA elongato-lineari gracili. — Oriseb.^ Cat. PL Cuh.y p. 267.
V. clavicalata, LincU. in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. III. i. (1858) p. 334; et in Mem. Am. Acad., N.S ., viii. p. 219 (non Sto.). V. palmamm, Griseh., I.e. ; Sauv., Fl. Cub.y p. 232 (non Lindl.). V. lutea, Wright, ex Oriseb., I.e.; Sauv., I.e. V. gratiosa, Oriseb., I.e. ; Sauv., I.e. V. palmarum, Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras.y iii. pars iv. p. 152 (partim).
? V. palmamm var. grandifolia, Cogn., I.e., p. 154.
Hab. W. Indies and Oaiana. Cuba, without locality, Wright, 672 ! Monte de la Prenda, at 2,000 feet alt., Eggers, 5248 ! Trinidad, Fendler, 1007! Surinam, Hostman, 33! British Guiana, Macouria River, Jenman, 2561 ! E^aieteur Savannah, Potaro River, Jenman, 803 ! A drawing by Schomburgk (at the British Museum) from British Guiana, labelled '^Dry savannahs, chiefly on skirts of woods, climbing on trees," probably belongs here. The flowera are white with the front of the lip yellow.
Folia 2-3 poll, longa, |-1^ poll. lata. Bractesd 2-3 lin. longsB. Sepala et petala 2 poll, longa. Labellam 2 liu; longum. Columna l^ poll, longa. Capsula 5-6 poll, longa.
This species has been curiously confused with Vanilla clam- culata, Sw., and V. palmarum, Lindl., the former leafless and the latter easily distinguished by its terminal inflorescence and very short fruit. Grisebach appears not to have seen a specimen of what he calls V. palmarum (apparently citing it from Wright's note), bat it probably belongs here, for there is no other
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evidence that that species grows in the West Indies, and Lindlej himself wrongly labelled Hostman*s specimen cited above as F. pcUmarum. V, pcUma/rwn var. grandifolia, Oogn,^ is referred here with some doubt, on account of its much longer leaves, which are described as about 5 inches long.
9. Vanilla palmarum, Lindl, Oen. and Bp, Orch. (1840) p. 436 (excL syn. Fl. Flum.) ; caule subgracili intemodiis brevibus ; foliis sessilibus elliptico-ovatis vel ovato-oblongis subobtusis ; racemis terminalibas, bracteis ovato-oblongis subacntis ; sepalis petalisque lanceolato-oblongis subobtusis; labello colnmnad semiadnato integro obovato retoso vel apiculato; disco infra medium line4 media instructo ; column^ facie villo8& ; capsul4 oblongIL paullo falcata. — LindL.y Bot, Beg.^ zxviii. Misc., p. 63 ; et in Qard. Chron. (1842) p. 639; SpUtg, in Ann, Sc. Nat., S^r. 11. XV. (1841) p. 283; Beichb. f. in NederL Kruidk. Arch., iv. (1859) p. 321 ; De Vriese in Belg. Hort., vi. (1856) pp. 313, 374, t. 76, fig. 10; Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras.y iii. pars IV. p. 152 (partim).
Epidendrum palmarum, Salzm. ex IdndL, Oen. and Sp. Orch., p. 4:36.
Ha^. Brazil and Guiana. Bahia, on palm stems, Salzmann ! Between Ma9eio and Alagoas, on palm stems, Oardiier, 1419 ! Pernambuco, at Caxanga, Monteiro, and Macacos, common, Bidley, Lea, and Ramage ! Surinam, SplUgerber, 409.
Folia lJ-3 poll, longa, 1-lJ poll. lata. Racemi ^-2 poll, longi. BractesB 2-5 lin. long®. Pedicelli f poll, longi. Sepala et petala l^lf poll, longa. Golumna 1^ poll, longa. Capsula 1^1| poll, longa.
Readily distinguished from the preceding, which has been confused with it, by its terminal inflorescence and very short fruit, which is very distinctly calyculate. There is no clear evidence that this species grows in the West Indies, for all the so-called West Indian specimens which I have seen belong to the preceding.
10. Vanilla africana, Lindl. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) vi. (1862) p. 137 ; caule gracili alte scandente ; foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis; bracteis ovatis acutis; labello trilobo, lobis lateralibus rotundato-oblongis obtusis denti- culatis, lobo intermedio deltoideo-ovato acuto; disco medio
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cristatA, iafra medium carinam papillosam ad basin extensi, ramentace& ornato, column^ brevi.
Hah. W. Trop. Africa, Loddtges! Brass, Niger Territory, Barter, 47 ! Mt. John, Kongui River, Mann, 1881 !
Folia 2-5 poll, longa, J-l^ poll. lata. Racemi { poll, longi. Sepala et petala Don visa. Bracteaa 1^ lin. longee. Labellnm 8 lin. longnm. Colnmna ^ poll, longa.
This species is very remarkable in the shape of the lip ; Lindley, who received a flowering branch from Loddiges, unfortunately did not preserve the sepals and petals, though he both sketched and carefully dried the lip and column. No other specimens are in flower, but they appear to belong to the same species.
11. V. ACUMINATA, Bolfe; caule subgracili ; foliis petiolatis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; racemisbrevibus, bracteis ovato-oblongis subobtusis; sepalo postico lanceolato, sepaliB lateralibuB lanceolato-oblongis ; petalis falcato-laoceo- latis omnibus acutis; labello prof undo trilobo, lobis lateralibus rotandato-oblongis obtusis, lobo intermedio oblongo obtuso apiculato ; disco medio ramentaceo vix cristato ; columna clavat^.
Hah. W. Trop. Africa. Gabon, in the province of Monda, Soywux, 134. " Frequent in woods, but seldom flowers."
Folia 6-7 poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata ; petiolus J poll, longus. Racemus 1 poll, longus. Bractese 1^-4 lin. longsd. Sepalum posticum 10-12 lin. longnm, 3 lin. latum; sepala lateralia 4 lin. lata. Petala 9-10 lin. longa, 2^ lin. lata. Labellnm 7-8 lin. longum. Columna 6-7 lin. longa.
Allied to the preceding species, but the stem stouter, leaves and bracts longer, and the lip quite differently shaped. The crest is unusually small, being reduced to a few scaly appendages.
12. V. CUCULLATA, Kroenzl. in Mittheil. deutsch. Schutzg., ii. (1889) [Reprint, p. 8] ; foliis oblongis acuminatis basi oblique cordatis brevi-petiolatis ; rhachi crassinsculi rarius basi ramosa, bracteis squamiformibas triangularibus ; sepalis lateralibus ovatis subobliqnis, sepalo intermedio oblongo recto quam lateralia paullo breviore; petalis subconformibus ; labello ovato fere triangnlari acuto ; disco seriebus 2 linearibus
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laminarnm instructo, lamellis lammed appressis laciniatis^ laciDiis hjalinis reflexis; colninii4 cnrvati cum basi labelli coalite.
Hah, W. Trop. Africa, South Cameroons, Braunj 4.
Folia 4-6 poll, longa, 1^-2^ poll. lata. Flos 1 poll, longus.
Apparently allied to the preceding, but the lip not nearly so much united to the column, and seemingly different in shape.
13. Vanilla ramosa, EoZ/e; caule subgracili; foliis petiolati» oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis breviter acuminatis subobtusis ; racemis subbrevibus ssBpe parce ramosis, bracteis ovatis sub- obtusis; sepalis petalisque oblongo-lanceolatis subacutis sub- eequalibus ; labello profunde trilobo, lobis lateralibus transverse oblongis, lobo intermedio oblongo subacuto margine crennlato reflezo-plicato, crista foliolis ramentaeeis composita; colnmna clavat&.
Yanilla, sp., Lindl. in Joum. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), vi. (1862) p. 137.
Hah. W. Trop. Africa. Niger, about Angiama, abundant. Barter^ 20134 ! Interior of Western Lagos, Rowland !
Folia 4-6 poll, longa, 1-2^ poll, lata; petiolns ^-f poll, longus. Racemi 1^2 poll, longi. Bractesa 1-2 lin. longse. Sepala ct petala 10-12 lin. louga. Labellum 7-8 lin. longum. Columna 7-8 lin. longa. Gapsula non visa.
This differs from the two preceding species in its much broader leaves, and in the details of the flower. The branched inflorescence is remarkable. Nothing is known about the fruit.
14. V. OVALIPOLIA, Bolfe; caule gracili ; foliis petiolatis late ellipticis breviter et abrupto acuminatis subobtusis; racemis subbrevibus, rbachi compressiusculo ; bracteis trian- gulo - ovatis subacutis brevibus ; sepalis petalisque Ian- ceolato-oblongis subobtusis paullo inaequalibus ; labello pro- funde trilobo, lobis lateralibus rotundato-oblongis obtusis, lobo intermedio oblongo crenulato subobtuso, nervo medio in- crassato; crista foliolis ramentaeeis latis composite; column^ clavati.
Hob. W. Trop. Africa. Old Calabar, Thomson^ 132 ! Folia 3-3^ poll, longa, lJ-2 poll, lata; petiolus 4-6 lin. longus. Racemi 1^2 poll, longi. Bractead 1 lin. longe.
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Pedicelli l^-lf poll, longi. Sepala et petaJa 8-9 lin. longa. Labellam 7-8 lin. longam. Columna 6-7 lin. longa. Capsola ignota.
Readily distinguished from the preceding by its very short broad leayes, and different floral structure.
15. Vanilla Grifpithii. Beichh. /. in Bonplandia, ii. (1854) p. 88; foliis elliptico-oblongis vol rarius lanceolate- oblongis cuspid atis; racemis brevibus subcorymbosis, bracteis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis subacutis; sepalis petalisqne elliptico- oblongis obtusis ; label lo trilobo, lobis lateralibus rotundatis obtusis, lobo intermedio transverse oblongo vel suborbiculari emarginato lateribus plicatis hirsutis, cristi globos4 villosissima ; oolumndr brevi ; capsulis lineari-oblongis. Eolfe, in Orch. Eev., iii. (1895) p. 69.
Vanilla sp., Griff., Notul, iii. p. 247, Ic. PI. Asiat., t. 281.
V. albida, Hook. /., FL Brit. Ind., vi. p. 91, in part (not of Blume). V. tolypephora, Bddl. in Trans, Linn. Soc, Ser. ii. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 376.
• Hah. India. Malacca, Griffith ! Maingay ! Penang, Wallick! Curtis, 1167! Perak, Scortechini! Wray ! King's Collector I Singapore, Lohh! At Ghangi, Ridley, 3924 ! Pnlau Ubin and Selangor, Ridley.
Planta 40-60 ped. alta. Folia 3-7^ poll, longa, 1^-3^ poll, lata. Racemi 1^-2^ poll, longi. BractesB 2^-5 lin. longae. Pedicelli i-\\ poll, longi. Sepala et petala 10-15 lin. longa. Labellum |-1 poll, longum. Columna ^ poll, longa. Capsula 2^-3 poll, longa.
This is said to be the common species all over the Malay Peninsula, the stems growing 40 to 60 feet long, the flowers waxy white or cream colour, with the lip pinkish inside, and the fruit yellow when ripe, sweet and eatable, like a small banana. The crest resembles a ball of wool.
A specimen collected at Bankinsing, in the Island of Formosa, by Dr. A. Henry (n. 479), has the inflorescence and bracts remarkably like Curtis n. 1179 from Penang, but the leaves are smaller, and whether it represents a distinct species or otherwise cannot, in the absence of the flowers, be determined.
16. V. GKANDiFOLiA, Lindl, in Joum, Linn. Soc. {Bot.) vi. (1862) p. 138; foliis petiolatis late ellipticis vel suborbica- laribus breviter et abrupte acuminatis obtusis ; bracteis ovato-
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oblongis obtosis ; sepalis petalisqne oblongo-lanceolatis obtasis ; labello sabintegro (?) nndalato, disci nervis snpeme crassins- calis, orist4 appendicibas capillaribos composite; capsulis orassinscnlis elongatis.
Hob. W. Trop. Africa. Prince's Island, Barter, n. 1981 ! Monteiro ! Henriques !
Folia 6-8 poll, longa, 4-5 poll. lata. Bacemi 4 poll, longi. BractesB 6 lin. longas. Pedicelli 2^ poll. loDgi. Sepala et petala 2:^ poll, longa. Labellum 2 poll, longom. Golamna \\ poll, longa. Hostellum 5 lin. longnm. Gapsula 6-10 lin. longa.
A verj distinct species, characterized by its broad leaves, stout raceme of large flowers, and long fruit. The lip of the only flower seen is somewhat broken in front, so that its exact shape cannot be made out.
17. Vanilla PHiLiPPiNEN8is,^Z/e; foliis elliptico-oblongis bre- viter acuminatis ; racemis paullo elongatis multifloris, bracteis ovato-oblongis obtasis ooncavis; sepalis petalisqne oblongo- lanceolatis sabobtusis ; labello tinlobo, lobis lateralibus amplis apice obfcDsis, lobo intermedio oblongo obtuso yillosissimo, disco medio villosissimo ; colnmn4 clavat& ; capsul4 obloDg4.
Hah, Philippine Islands; without precise locality; Cuming^ 2132.
Folia 6-9 poll, longa, 1}-2| poll. lata. Racemi 6 poll, longi. Bractese 2-5 lin. longsB. Pedicelli 1^-2 poll, longi. Sepala et petala If poll, longa. Labellum 1^ poll, longum. Columna 1 poll, longa. Gapsula 2^ poll, longa, } poll. lata.
A very distinct species, well characterized by its long raceme, the very villose front lobe of the lip, and the short stout fruit.
18. V. ALBIDA, Blume, Cat. Oew, BtUtenz. (1823) p. 100; foliis petiolatis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acaminatis; racemis C-multifloris, bracteis late ovatis obtusis concavis; sepalis petalisqne oblongo- lanceolatis acutis; labello integro margine reflexo plicato; disco line4 medill camoso apice hirsute, crista parv& villos^ subglobos^; capsulis lineari- oblongis. Blumsy Bijdr,, p. 422, t. 43, et Bumphia, i. p. 197, t. 67 ; 3f»g., Fl, Ned. Ind., iii. p. 719 ; Beichb. f. in Bonplandia, V. (1857) p. 37 (non Hook. /.).
Hah. Java, in damp woods and on the mountains, BlumCy Horsjield! Lampong, Zollinger, 961. Borneo, Kuching, Haviland !
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Planta 20-30 ped. alta. Folia 4-6 poll, longa, 1-1| poll, lata. Racemi 1-1^ poll, longi. Bracteas 1^2 poll, longed. Sepala et petala 1:J-1| poll, longa. Labelium 1^-1^ poll, longam. Colnmna } poll, longa. Capsula 5-6 poll, longa, i poll. lata.
I have only seen a fruiting specimen from Borneo, which has more numerous bracts than in Blnme*s original figure, though in other respects it agi*ees well with it. It is very distinct from F. Chiffithiiy Reichb. f., which has been confused with it. The fruit appears not to be aromatic.
19. Vanilla borneensis, Bolfe ; caule crassiusculo flcxuoso ; foliis petiolatis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis, acuminatis ; racemis brevibus flezuosis pancifloris, bracteis ovatis vel triangulari-ovatis acutis ; capsulis elongato-linearibus.
Hah. BorneO) at Banjarmassing, Motley, 1248 !
Intemodi 2^-4 poll, longi. Folia 4-6 poll, longa, 1-2 poll, lata; petioli 4-6 lin. longi. Racemi l-lj poll, longi. Bractese 2-3 lin. longas. Capsula 3-3^ poll, longa.
Readily distinguished from its allies by its lax, few-flowered racemes.
A sketch of a flower and leaf, made by Mr. F. W. Barbidge, and preserved at the British Museum together with a piece of the stem, may belong here, both the leaf and the habitat being substantially identical. The sepals and petals arc oblong and obtuse, and the lip has largish rounded side lobes, a shoi't, broad, front lobe, and five verrucose keels near the front. The details of the central crest are not clearly indicated. It is labelled Tawaran and Tampasuk Rivers, N.-W. Borneo. Flowers large, waxy white and brown. Fruit not seen. Grows on trees near wet rocks by river side.
20. V. palembanica, Teysm. et Binn, in Tijdschr, Nederl. Ind., xxix (1867) p. 243 ; foliis petiolatis ovatis acuminatis, basi rotnndatis obsolete venosis ; spicis 6-8-floris bifariis, bracteis parvis ovatis squamiformibus ; sepalis ovalis obtusis carnosulis convexiusculis levibus ; petaiis similibus late carinatis ; labelli tubo ventricoso limbo retuso undulato barbato ; column^ glabra ; capsulis obsolete triquetris rectius- culis.
Hah, Sumatra, in prov. Palembang, Teysman.
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Folia 3^ poll, longa. If poll. lata. Capsales 4 poll, longce.
Only known by the original description, according to which the sepals and petals are whitish-green, the lip lined with lilac in the tabe and with pale reddish hairs, and the colamn white with some orange spots at the base.
21. Vanilla Moonii, Thw., Enum. PL Zeyl. (1861) p. 312; habitu F. planifolioB ; foliis efc racemis brevioribns ; bracteis ovatis subacutis ; sepalis petalisqae lanceolato-oblongis snb- obtnsis ; labello sabintegro panllo undnlato, apice reflexo ; disci nervis snperne eorragatis papillosis ; crista hirsute reflex^ ; capsnlis lineari-oblongis. Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 90.
Hab. Ceylon, Negumbo and Kornegalle, Thwaites, 3204! Galle, Champion ! Withont locality, Gardner ! Mrs. Walker !
Folia 3^-5 poll, longa, 1-1| poll. lata. Racemi 1^-2 poll, bngi. BractesB 1^ poll, longae. PedicelU f-l poll, longi. Sepala et petala 1^ poll, longa. Labellam 1 poll, longnm. Capsala 4 poll, longa, 7-9 lin. lata.
Not nnlike a reduced edition of V. planifolioy but smaller in all its parts, and the fruits much shorter and stouter. There is no record as to whether its possesses any aromatic properties. A drawing by Mrs. Walker shows the sepals and petals dusky yellow and the lip light yellow with brown papillsB in front.
A specimen in Wight's Herbarium labelled "Hab. — ? Peninsula ? ** looks somewhat different, but is too imperfect for certain determination.
22. V. Spbucei, Eolfe; caule gracili flexuosis; foliis petiolatis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis sub- obtusis ; racemis axillaribus brevibus paucifloris ; bracteis oblongis sabobtusis ; sepalis petalisque lineari - lanceolatis acutis, basi angustis ; labello columnsB longe adnato basi augusto tubuloso, apice paullo ampliato integro subobtuso undulate ; disco ruguloso medio cristate, crista oblonga, foliolis ramentaceis denticulatis compobita ; column& elougato-clavatH.
Hah. Columbia, in shady woods near the Uaupes Ri^er, on the Upper Amazon, Spruce, 2727 !
Folia 4-4^ poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata ; petiolus 5-6 lin. latus. Racemus | poll, longus. Bracteae 2-4 lin. long®. Sepala et petala 2^-2^ poll, longa, 2^3 lin. lata. Labellum 2j poll, longum. Columna 1| poll, longa. Capsula ignota.
Remarkable for its broadly lanceolate leaves and long, narrow
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462 MR. R. ALLEN ROLPB ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
perianth segments. The specimen is not in very good state, and the fruit is unknown. Spruce records the flowers as whitish -green.
23. Vanilla hamata, Klotzsch, in Bot. Zeit., iv. (1846) p. 563 ; foliis breviter petiolatis late ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, apiculatis apicalo recurvo ; sepalis et petalis oblongo-lanceolatis subobtusis ; labello subintegro obtuso crispo-undulato, crista appendicibus fimbriatis composite ; disci nervis ternis supeme carinatis crenulatis.
Hah, Peru, Ihitz et Pavon !
Caules (sicci) 4 lin. lati ; intemodi 4-4| poll, longi. Folia 5^-6 poll, longa, 3i poll. lata. Sepala et petala 3 poll, longa. Labellum 2 poll, longam. Colnmna 1^ poll, longa.
Very distinct from every other species in the shape of the leaves, but nothing is known about the inflorescence and fruit. Humboldt speaks of a Vanilla in the province of Jaen, on the Upper Amazon, Peru, with aromatic fruits (Voy. Hnmb. et Bonpl., pte. 3, vol. ii. p. 437), but whether it belongs to the present species, to F. hamaia^ Klotzsch, or to some unknown Peruvian species, there is no means of knowing. It was described from a barren specimen, but a piece from Pavon at the British Museum (hitherto unidentified) enables the details of the flower to be added.
24. V. HosTMANNi, Bolfe ; caulibus crassiusculis ; foliis breviter petiolatis lanceolato-oblongis, breviter acuminatis sub- obtusis ; racemis crassiusculis subelongatis multifloris, bracteis oblongis obtnsis vel subacutis concavis; sepalis petalisque lanceolatis subobtusis; labello oblongo subintegro obtuso ; disco basi pubescente, crista retrorsim hirsute ; columnll clavat&.
Hah, Surinam, Hostman, 306 !
Folia 5^-9 poll, longa, lf-2| poll. lata. Racemi 2-3 poll, longi. BractesB 3-5 lin. long©. Pedicelli IJ poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2 J-2| poll, longa . Labellum 1 J-2 poll . longum. Golumna 1^ poll, longa. Capsula ignota.
In the absence of fruit the exact affinity of this species is a little doubtful. The inflorescence and bracts would place it near V, planifoliaj though the disc of the lip is not corrugated in front, as in that species. The leaf is also distinctly broader in the middle than elsewhere, as is often the case with V. Pompona^ which is rery different in other respects.
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25. Vanilla planifolu, Andr,, Bot 5ep.,viii. (1808) t.538; alte scandente, canlibus sacculentis sabflexuosis ; radicibns flexaosis oppositifoliis ; foliis subsessilibus oblongis acutis vel breviter acuminatis carnulosis ; bracteis oblongis sabacntis vel obtasis concavis ; floribns pallide viridibus; sepal is petalisque lineari- obloDgis sabobtasis ; label lo convolnto marginibas colnmnflB longe adnatis, apice subtrilobo retuso margine revoluto ; disci nervis crenulato- verrucosis, crista penicillat^ retrorsft ; colamD& facie yillos&; capsulis elongato-linearibas obscure trigonis. — R, Br, in Ait. Hort, Kew, ed. TI. v. p. 220 ; Lodd., Bot. Cab,, viii. t. 733; Bauer y III, Orch,, Gen., tt. ]0, 11 ; Blumey Rumphia^ i. p. 197, fc. QS, fig. 2; lAndl, Qen. and 8p. Orch., p. 435; C. Morr. in Ann, Nat. Eist., Ser. I. iii. (1839) p. 1 ; De Vriese in Belg, Hort., vi, pp. 315, 365 ; Bentley and Trim. Medic. PL, iv. t. 272 (excl. syn.) ; Flueck. and Hanb, Pharmacogr., p. 595; Oard, Chron. (1867) p. 997; N.S. xvi. (1881) p. 562; Bot, Mag., t. 7167; Cogn. in Mart, Fl, Bras,, iii. pars rv. p. 145 ; Rolfe, in Kew Bull. (1895) pp. 169-176.
Epidendrum Vanilla, Linn,, 8p, PL, ed. I. p. 952 (partim).
Vanilla mexicana. Mill., Oard. Diet., ed. 8 (1768), n. 1 (partim). V. aromatica, Sw, in Nov, Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal., vi. (1799) p. 66; et in Schrad. Joum., ii. p. 208 (partim). LindL, Gen, andSp. Orch., p. 434 (partim). V. Epidendrum, Mirh,, Hist, PL, ed. II. ix. p. 249 (partim). V. viridiflora, Blume, Bijdr.^ p. 422. V. sativa, Schiede, in Linnma, iv. (1829) p. 573 ; vi. (1831) p. 59. Lindl,, Gen, and 8p, Orch., p. 437. V. sylvestris, Schiede, ILcc. ; Lindl., I.e. V. majaijensis, Blanco, FL FiUp., ed. II. p. 593.
Myobroma fragrans, Salish., Parad, Lond,, t. 82.
Hah. South-Eastern Mexico, in the Vera Cruz district, Dampier, Humboldt, Schiede. Miaantla, Schiede! Yucatan, Schotf, 215 ! British Honduras, Morris. Guatemala, Lehmann, 1436! Costa Rica, Dampier, Cultivated in the Ikiascarene Islands, Java, the West Indies, and other parts of the tropics.
Folia 4-9 poll, longa, 1^2^ poll. lata. Racemi 2-3 poll, longi. Bracteee 2-6 lin. longSB. Pedicelli 1^2 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2 poll, longa. Labellum paullo ulfcra 2 poll, longum. Golnmna 1^1^ poll, longa. Capsula 6-9 poll, longa^ 6-7 lin. lata.
This species produces the true Mexican Vanilla of commerce^
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464 MR. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
which has been known ever since the discovery o£ America by the Spaniards, and was described by Clusins as long ago as 1605, as mentioned on p. 439. Its early history is mnch confused, as for a long period three or foor species were confounded together, and even when the present one was described it was not known as the source of the Vanilla of commerce, which was then, and for long afterwards, thought to be V. aromatuiay Sw. (i.e., F. inodora, Schiede). The collection can be directly traced from the Paddington Garden in 1807, as mentioned on p. 440, to various continental gardens, to Java (where Blume re-described it under the name of F. mridiflora)^ and to Reunion — thus originating the present industry in that island. Myobroma Jragrans, Salisb., was drawn from the same individual as the original Vanilla planifolta, Andr. F. sativa and F. sylvestris of Schiede are only known from the original descriptions, but are evidently forms of the same species, differing only a little in the length of the fruit, the former being a cultivated race and the latter the wild original. F. majaijensisy Blanco, is also known only from description, and as the fruit is said to be not aromatic a doubt remains as to its identity. Succeeding: authors, however, have considered it synonymous with the present one, and if Blanco's fruits were unripe this view may be correct, in which case it seems probable that the species was introduced to the Philippines from Mexico by the Spaniards. Naves (Blanco, * Fl. Filip.,' ed. HI., Nov. App., p. 248) enumerates it as growing in the province of San Mateo, where he had seen flowers and fruit, and a confirmation of the identi- fication seems desirable.
26. Vanilla phjjantha, Beichb, /. in Flora, xlviii. (1865), p. 274 ; habitu Vanillm planifolice ; bracteis majoribus laxis, late elliptico-oblongis subobtnsis ; floribus majoribus viridi- flavis ; labello obscure trilobo fere truncate, nervis non verrucosis; crista appendicibus foliaceis denticulatis retrorsis composita; labelli basi lineis 2 puberulis instructa; capsule lineari-oblonga obscure compressa. — Rolfe, in Kew Bull. (1895) p. 176.
V. planifolia, Griseh., Ft, Brit. W. Tnd., p. 638, in part (rum Andr.). V. planifolia /3. macrantha, Griseb., Cat. PL Cub.j p. 267.
Eab. West Indies, Cuba, Wright, 3351, in part! St.
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MR. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA. 465
Vincent, Quilding ! In virgin forest between Mt. St. Andrews and the Grand Bonhomme, at 2,000 feet alt.. Smith ! Trinidad, Bart!
Folia 3-7 poll, longa, |-2 poll. lata. Racemi 1^-2 poll, longi. BraotesB 3-7 lin. longed, 2-4 lin. latas. Sepala et petala 2|— 2f poll, longa. Labellnm 2-2-2 P^^'- longam. Gapsnla 3 poll, longa, \ poll. lata.
This is an indigenous West Indian species which has been confused with Vanilla planifolia^ Andr., though it is easily distinguished by its much larger flowers, lip without verrucose disc, and its much shorter fruit. Mr. Hart states that it is indigenous in Trinidad, and that the fruit has little perfume, and Messrs. Smith remark that in St. Yincent they only observed it in a limited space but in virgin forest. It is cultivated in the Botanic Ghu^dens of Jamaica and Trinidad, but there is no evidence of its fruits being of any commercial value. Wright's Cuban specimen at Kew, and also at the British Museum, is mixed with the leafless F. harbellata, Reichb. f., a fruiting specimen of each being attached to the same sheet, with a single ticket.
27. Vanilla Pompona, Schiede, in Linncea, iv. (1829) p. 673 ; habltu Vanillm planifolice ; foliis majoribus ; bracteis majoribus late elliptico-oblongis ; floribus majoribas camosiusculis vindi- flavis; labello subintegro, venis paullulo crassiusculis, crista appendicibas foliaceis retrorsis composite; capsulis lineari- oblongis obtuse trigonis. — lAndhy Gen, and 8p. Orch., p. 437 ; Klotz8ch,tn Bot. Zeit., iv. (1846) p. 666; Desv, in Ann. 8c, Nat., s6r. III. vi. (1846) p. 120 ; Cogn, in Mwrt, Fl, Bras,, iii. pars iv. p. 147 ; Eolfe, in Kew Bull, (1896) p. 176.
V. grandiflora, Lindl, Oen, and 8p, Orch,, (1840) p. 436. V. guianensis, 8plitg, in Ann, 8c, Nat,, s6r. II. xv. (1841) p. 279 (partim). Be Vriese in Tuinb, Fl., iii. (1856) pp. 78, 81, t. 6 (partim). Cogn. in Mart, Fl, Bras,, iii. pars iv. p. 151 (partim). V. surinamensis, Beichb, f, in Nederl, Kruidk, Arch,, iv. (1859) p. 321 (partim). V. lutescens, Moq, ex Bupuis, in Bev.Hort.,a6T. IV, v. (1866) p. 121 fig. 24; Bull. 8oc, Bot. Fr,, iii. (1866) p. 354; Ducharire, in Journ, 8oc, Imp. Hort., v. (1869) p. 97, t. U; Fl.des 8erres, xxi. t. 2218.
Hab, S, E. Mexico, Papantla and Colipa, 8chiede ! Valley of Cordova, Bourgeau, 2332 ! Nicaragua, Segovia, Oersted !
linn. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XIXII. 2 H
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Panama, Seenumn, 1159! Columbia, Lower Mountains of Santa Martha, Purdte! Tolima, bei La Plata, 800-1500 m. alt.; Lehmann, 2263! Venezuela, at La Guajra, Trinidad, Bradford^ 5285! Hart! British Guiana, Corentjne River, ♦m Thum. Surinam, Merian, Cayenne, Aublet. — Cultivated in Martinique, Guadeloupe, and possibly other localities.
Folia 6-11 poll, longa, 1^-^ poll. lata. Racemi 1^2 poll, longi. Bracte89 5-7 lin. longas, 3-4 lin. lat». Sepala et petala 3-3^ poll, longa. Labellum 2^-3 poll, longum. Capenla 4r-7 poll, longa, |-1 poll. lata.
This species is much more widely diffused than Vanilla plani- folxa^ and its fruit has long been known as an article of com- merce, being now usually sold under the name of West Indian Vanillons. It is the Grosse Yanille of Aublet, the Baynilla de acguales of Humboldt, and the Baynilla Pompona of Schiede. The pods are much thicker and more fleshy than those of F. planifoliay and more difficult to dry. They also fetch a much lower price in the market, but the fresh fruits are largely used in the same way as those of V, planifolia,
28. Vanilla Gardneri, Eolfe, in Kew Bull. (1895) p. 177 ; caulibus crassiusculis ; foliis subsessilibos oblongis obtusis cras- siusculis ; racemis crassiusculis brevibus, bracteis ovatis obtusis rigidis patentibus ; sepalis petalisque lineari-lanceolatis subobtu- sis ; labello oblongo subintegro obtuso submembranaceo, nervo vix incrassato ; disco subpubescente cristate ; column^ clavata.
Vanilla planifolia, Oardn, in Hook,, Lond. Joum, BoL^ i. (1842) p. 542 (non Andr.) ; Travels in BrazU, ed. II. p. 225.
Hah, Brazil, in dry rocky, bushy places, common, as on the Morra do Flamengo, near Rio, Gardner, 245 ! In moist places in the district of Pamagua, prov. Piauhy, Gardner, 2733 ! Natividade, prov. Goyaz, Gardmer, 3449 ! Pemambuco, at Iguarassa, Ridley, Lea and Ramage ! Burchell, 894 from near Rio, and 9829 from San Jos^ da Laranjeira, Pard, may repre- sent barren branches of the same ; the latter is marked as *' Bahunilha. Fructus teres, 4r-b poll."
Folia 3-5 poll, longa, Ij-lJ poll. lata. Racemi 1^-3 poll, longi. BracteflB 3-5 lin. longas. Pedicelli f-l^ poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2| poll, longa. Labellum 2^ poll, longum. Columna 1^ poll, longa. Capsula ignota.
A species allied to Vanilla Pompona, Schiede, but with leaves about half the size, longer racemes with smaller, not
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MB. R. ALLEN BOLFE ON THE 0ENU8 VANILLA. 467
reflexed bracts, and rather smallery more membranaceous flowers. Grardner confounded it with F. planifoluiy Andr., and remarked : " This is the plant which yields the Vanilla (Banilha of the Brazilians) in Brazil " (in Hook., Lond. Jowm, Botf i. (1842) p. 542), though unfortunately his specimens are without frait. There are pods in the museum labelled '* Brazilian or Bahia Vanilla," which are 6^ inches long by fully 1 inch broad, fleshy, and distinctly triquetrous, and thus approaching those of V, Tompona, but with a rank odour. These are probably prodaced by the present species. ** South American Vanilla" (cf Kew Bull. (1892) p. 214) may also have the same origin. They are described as from 6^ to 7^ inches long, quite broad and flattened, ^ inch or more wide, reddish-brown, and the odour rank, somewhat resembling fermented molasses or rum. As much as 9,000 lbs. of the *' beans " are said to have been produced in 1891, and it is suggested that it is most likely used as an adulterant of the Mexican cut beans. Flowering and fruit specimens of the commercial plant are required to settle these doubtful points.
29. Vanilla Vellozii, Bolfe; caulibus crassinsculis; foliissub- sessilibus oblongis obtusis crassinsculis, margine subrevolutis ; racemis crassinsculis brevibus, bracteis ovato-oblongis obtusis rigidis ; floribus albido-luteis ; sepalis petalisque lineari-lanceo- latis subobtusis; labello oblongo subtrilobo emarginato undulato, nervo medio supra cristam incrassato, dein ad basin pubescente ; column^ clavat&.
Epidendrum Vanilla, VeU,, Fl. Flum., ix. (1827) p. 4, t. 1 ; Netto, in Arch, Mus, Nac., Bio de Janeiro^ v. (1881) p. 356 (non Linn.),
Vanilla Ghamissonis, var. /5, Oogn. in Mcurt, Fl. Bras., iii. pars IV. (1894) p. 149.
Hah. Brazil, arenosis locis ad littora maris, Vellozo. In pro v. Bio de Janeiro, Cfaudichaudy 385 ; Biedel. Ad Copaoabana, sur le bord de la mer, Glaziou, 11621 ! 14302 ! In prov. Fork, Sieber. Flowers December to January.
Folia 4-5J poll, longa, IJ-IJ poll. lata. Racemi 2^-3 poll, longi. Bractesd 3-4 Hn. longse. Pedicelli 1-1^ poU. longi. Sepala et petala l|-2 poll, longa. Labellum lf-2 poll, long^m. Columna 1^1^ poll, longa. Gapsula igpiota.
This species has been much misunderstood. It was originally
2h2
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468 MR. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
identified with Epidendriim Vanilla, Linn. (= Vanilla inodora, Schiede) ; then Klotzsch referred it to F. palmarum, Salzm., and finally, Professor Cogniaux doubtfully placed it as a variety of F. ChamissoniSf Klotzsch (to which latter he refers Glazion, 14302, though the Kew specimen is certainly the present one). That species, however, has narrower and much longer leaves, and narrower sepals and petals which are shorter than the lip. Although figured as long ago as 1827 we are still without any knowledge of the fruit, and consequently it is impossible to «ay whether any of the Vanillas of commerce are derived from it, which, however, seems unlikely.
30. Vanilla carinata, Bolfe ; f oliis subsessilibus oblongia sub- obtusis ; racemis orassis brevibus, bracteis late ovatis obtnsis patentibus; sepalis petalisque lanceolato - oblongis obtnsis; labello subtrilobo obtuso subcoriaceo medio carinato, disco glabro cristate ; column^ clavat&.
Hah, Organ Mountains, Brazil, Miers !
Folia 5-6 poll, longa, 1^2 poll. lata. Racemus 2 poll, longus. Bracteffi 2^-3^ lin. longas. Pedicelli l^-lf poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2r-2\ poll, longa. Labellum If poll, longum. Columna 1^ poll, longa.
This species is rather imperfectly known, but is distinct from «very other in having a strong keel down the centre of the lip, in front of the crest. The inflorescence is fully twice as stout as in the preceding species, and the bracts much smaller and quite different in shape. The succeeding one, besides wanting the characteristic keel, has the lip more distinctly 3-lobed, the margin undulate, and the central line behind the crest much more pubescent.
31. V. COLUMBIANA, Bolfe; caulibus crassis ; f oliis sessilibus oblongis obtusis ciassiusculis ; racemis brevibus subgracilibus ; bracteis late ovato-oblongis obtusis sfcriatis ; sepalis petalisque lanceolatis acntis camosulis ; labello obovato-oblongo trilobo lobis lateralibus latis apice rotundato-obtusis intermedio late -quadrate apice obcordato-bilobo apiculato lateribus plicato- undulato ; disci venis crassiuscalis corrugatis, crista lamellate •deflex& ; column^ clavat&, capsal4 ignot&.
Hob. New Granada, Valley of the Magdalena, Ooudot. Flowers in February.
Caules 4-6 lin. lati ; internodi 6 poll, longi. Folia 4J poll.
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loDga, 1^ poll. lata. Racemi 1^ poll. long!. Bracte» 3-5 lin. long89. Pedioelli 1 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 1^ poll, longa. Labellum 1^ poll, longmn. Golumna 1 poll, longa.
A remarkably distinct species, characterized by its strongly three-lobed lip, and other details. It is described from a single specimen, in which the leaves are much shorter than the inter- nodes, which, however, may not hold good when more materials can be examined.
32. Vanilla bicolob, Ltndl, Bob. Beg,, xxiv. (1838) Ifwc, p. 37; foliis ovato-oblongis snbsessilibus acutis striatis margine rubes- centibos; sepalis lineari-lanceolatis acutis patentibns dorso rotnndatis; petalis conformibus dorso carinatis; labello mem> branaceo semilibero convolato venis ramentaceis medio dense ramentaceo-stuposo ; column^ barbate, auriculis crenulatis.
Hah. British Guiana, Schomburgk.
Sepala et petala 1|~2 poll, longa. Labellum 2^ poll, longnm.
I only know this species by description and a coloured sketch of a flower with dissections in Lindley*s Herbarium. The sepals and petals are dull reddish, and the lip cream colour. It flowered with Messrs. Loddiges in 1838, and Lindley states that the flowers are deliciously fragrant, but he apparently neglected to dry the specimen. Nothing is known about the fruit.
33. V. APPENDICULATA, Eolfe, in Kew Bull (1895) p. 178 ; caulibus crassiusculis ; foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis v. elliptico-oblongis breviter et abrupte acuminatis subobtusis; racemis crassiusculis brevibus, bract'Ois oblongis obtusis, sepalis petalisque lanceolato-linearibus acutis; labello oblongo sub- trilobo, lobis lateralibus obtusis, intermedio anguste oblongo recurve nervis appendicibus longis linearibas ornate; disco medio appendicibus foliaceis cuneato-ebovatis dentatis ornate ; capsule angusti elongate.
Hab, British Guiana, Corentyne River, E, F. im Thurn, Folia 3^-4^ poll, longa, 1-1^ poll. lata. Racemi 1-1| poll.
longi. BractesB 3-^ lin. longsB. Sepala et petala 2^ poll.
longa. Labellum 2 poll, longum. Golumna 1^ poll, longa.
Gapsula 4^ poll, longa.
Remarkable for its narrow sepals and petals, and long narrow
lip which terminates in a narrow recurved apex covered with
linear foliaceons appendages. The specimens were gathered in
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470 MR. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE OENUS VANILLA.
1879, and both the fmits have opened, yet they retain a distinct aromatic perf ame» though whether the species has any economic valne is uncertain.
34. Vanilla Chamissonis, Klotesch, in BoL Zeit., iv. (1846) p. 664 ; habitu Vanillce planifolicBy canle crassiore ; foliis longi- oribus et angostioribns marginibas revolutis ; bracteis oblongis obtnsis; sepalis petalisqae lineari-lanceolatis ; labello angnste oblongo margine crenolato, neryis crassinscnlis minute crenulatis, crista penicillat&, tubo basi pubescente. — Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., iii. pars iv. p. 148, t. 32.
Folia 7-9 poll, longa, 1-1 j poll. lata. Racemi S\ poll, longi. BractesB 3-5 lin. longSB, 1^2^ lin. lata. Sepala et petala 2^2^ poll, longa. Labellum 2f poll, longum.
Hab. Brazil, in insuli Sant& Gathering, Chamisso. S. Brazil, EschschoUz. Enyirons de Rio Janeiro et d'Ouro Preto, Glassiou^ 15661!
Easily distinguished from the preceding by its long and narrow leaves, more slender inflorescence and the lip longer than the sepals and petals. The fruit is unknown. Qlasiou, 14302, cited here by Professor Cogniaux, belongs to V, VeUozii, Rolfe.
36. V. RuiziANA, Klotzsch, in BoL ZeiL, iv. (1846) p. 563 ; canle crasso; foliis lanceolato-oblongis subacutis breviter petiolatis.
Caulis 3-5 lin. latis; intemodis 3-5 poll, longis. Folia 5-7 poll, longa, 1-1^ poll. lata.
Hah. Peru, Buiz 8f Pavon !
A species with very distinct habit, but nothing is known about the inflorescence or fruit. Humboldt speaks of a Vanilla in the province of Jaen, on the Upper Amazon, Peru, with aromatic fruits (Voy. Humb. et Bonpl., pte. 3, vol. ii. p. 437), but whether it belongs to the present species, to F. hamatay Klotzsch (the one other known from Peru), or to some other species, there is no means of determining.
36. V. ENSiFOLU, Bolfe, inKew BuU. (1892) p. 141 ; scandens ; oaulibus elongatis sulcatis lasvibus; foliis petiolatis ensi- formibus v. elongato-linearibus subattenuatis acutis breviter petiolatis ; racemis abbreviatis, floribus subfasciculatis, bracteis lanceolato-ovatis acutis; sepalis lineari-lanceolatis acutis ; petalis subsimilibus subfalcatis nervo medio pauUo incrassato ; labello elliptico-oblongo crenulato.
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MB. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA. 471
Hah. New Granada, prov. Gauca, Ooudot! Patia, Herb, Pharm, Soc» !
Folia 4-8 poll, longa, 6-10 poll, lata, petiolns 3-5 lin. loDgns. Racemi 1^ poll, longi. Bracteas 2-3 lin. longaB. Sepala et petala 2 poll, longa. Golnnma 1^ poll, longa.
A very distinct species, characterized by its narrow sword- like leaves. The lip of the only examinable flower is imperfect, BO that the details of the disc and crest cannot be given. Nothing is known abont the fruit.
37. Vanilla odorata, Tresl, Eel. Hcenk. (1830), p. 101 ; folus lineari-lanceolatis acntis nervosis brevissime petiolatis ; racemis brevibus; capsulis sessilibns lineari-lanceolatis basi et apioe attenaatis aromaticis. — Khtzsch^ in Bot. ZeU.^ iv. (1846) p. 563 ; Bdfe, in Kew Bull (1895) p. 178.
- Hah. Ecuador, Guayaquil, Hoenke.
Folia 5-7 poll, longa, 6-8 lin. lata. Gapsula 6-7 poll, longa.
Only known from description. Presl remarks that, although the fruits had been collected thirty-six years, they still retained their aromatic fragrance.
Sect. II. Aphtllj:. — Gaules aphyllsB v. folia ad bracteas abortivas reducta.
38. V. CLAVicuLATA, 8w. in Nov. Act. 8oc. Sc. Upsat., vi. (1799) p. 66 ; caulibus crassis ; foliis abortivis oblongo- lanceolatis subobtusis sessilibus ; bracteis ovato - oblongis obtusis; sepalis petalisque oblongo-lanceolatis subobtusis, labello integro emarginato undulato, disco levi, crista appendicibns foliaceis apice denticulatis composite; capsulis lineari-oblongis. — Sto. in Schrad. Joum.^ ii. p. 209, i. 1, fig. 1 ; et. Fl. Ind. occid., iii. p. 1515; Lindl.^ Qen. and Sp. Orch.^ p. 434; ari8eh.y Fl. Brit. W. Ind., p. 638.
Gereo affinis scandens planta, &o. Sloane, Hist. Jam., ii. p. 160, t. 224, fig. 3, 4.
Epidendrum clavioulatum, Sw. Prodr. (1788) p. 120.
Hah, Jamaica, Swartx ! March !
Intemodi 2-4 poll, longi. Folia abortiva ^\\ poll, longa. BractesB 2-3 lin. longas. Pedicelli 1^ lin. longi. Sepala et petala 1^ poll longa. Labellum \\ poll, longum. Golomna 1 poll, longa. Gapsula 5-6 poll, longa.
This species is still very imperfectly known, and has been
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472 MB. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
confnsed with the two following ones, as well as with F. Wrtghtii, Beichb. f., of the previous section. It is onlj known from Jamaica. The scales, or abortive leaves, are probably confined to the flowering branches, as they aro not shown in Sloane's figure. Grisebach describes the flower as white, and the lip bearded along the middle, but the latter character was not found in the flower examined.
39. Vanilla BkRBELLkTk^Beichb.f.inFlorayxWm, (1865) p.S74; oaulibus crassis; foliis abortivis lanceolate- linearibus acutis; bracteis ovatis subobtusis ; sepalis petalisque oblongo-lanceolatis subobtusis; labello integ^ emarginato undulato, disco bar- bellato, crista appendicibas foliaceis denticulatis compositii et in nervo medio extensis omatA, capsulis elongato-linearibus.
Vanilla claviculata, Griseb., Gat. PI Cub, (1866) p. 267 {wm Bw.) ; Sauv., Fl Cub., p. 231.
Hob, Cuba, near Monte Verde, Wright, 3352! 3351 in part!
Internodi 2-4 poll, longi. Folia abortiva |-2 poll, longa. Bi*acte83 2-4 lin. long®. Pedicelli 1^1^ poll, longi. Sepda et petala l^-lj poll, longa. Labellum IJ poll, longum. Columna 1 poll, longa. Capsular 4^5^ poll, longse.
Readily distinguished from the preceding, with which it has been confused, by the barbellate lip. The sepals and petals are described by Wright as green, and the lip white, with the lower hairs yellow. Wright's number 3351 is mixed with a specimen of V, phceanthay Beichb. f ., both at Kew and the British Museum.
40. V. EoaBRSii, Bolfe; caulibus crassis; foliis abortivis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; sepalis petalisque virescen- tibus ; labello albo v. lilacino ; capsulis cylindricis.
Vanilla claviculata, Beichb, f, in Ber, Deutsch. Bot. QeseL., III. (1885) p. 275 (nmi Sw.), V. aphylla, Eggers, in Vidensh. Medd, Kjoebenh. (1889) p. 21.
Hob, W. Indies. Santo Domingo, Llanos de Bafael, at 200 m. alt., Eggers, 1958! St. Thomas, Flaghill, Smith's Bay, Eggers, Bahamas, New Providence, Eggers, Porto Bico, Sierra de Luquillo, Eggers. Prope Maricao in sylvis ad Mt. Alegrillo, Sintensis, 517. A specimen collected at Yauco, Porto Bico, by Oarber (20), with fruits 4-5 inches long, may belong here.
Internodi 5-10 poll, longi. Folia abortiva 2^-3^ poll, longa.
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MB. B. ALLEN BOLFE ON THE GENUS YANILLA. 473
Bracfceaa ^] poll. longsB. Floras 2 poll, longi. GapsalaB 3 poll.
lODgSB.
This species is very imperfectlj- described by Eggers, but a barren specimen from him shows it to be allied to the two preceding, thoagh apparently qnite distinct. Reichenbach's plant above mentioned, according to the description, also belongs here. The scales, or abortive leaves, are much larger than in any species of the group.
41. Vanilla aphylla, Blume, Bijdr. (1825) p. 422; cauHbus subgi'acilibus aphyllis; racemis brevibus paucifloris, bracteis fere obsoletis; sepalis petalisque lineari-oblongis subobtnsis apice revolutis ; labello trilobo, lobis lateralibus oblongis apice rotundatis crennlatis, intermedio oblongo obtuso v. emarginato marginibus reflexis et plicato-undulatis, disco medio line^ barbata erects instructo ; capsnlis elongato-linearibus. — Blume, Bumphia, I. p. 198, t. 68 ; Lindl, Gen, and 8p, Orch.y p. 436 ; Beichh, f. in Bonplandia, v. p. 37 ; et Otia Bot. Hamb.^ p. 40.
Hah, Java, on shrubs in the alluvial region, Blume. Tjikoya, Zollinger^ 599 ! In insula Nusa EZambangan, Blume,
Internodi 2-4 poll, longi. Pedicelli l^-lf poll, longi. Sepala et petala 1-1^ poll, longa. Labellum 1-lJ poll, longnm. Golumna f poll, longa. Capsula 5-6 poll, longa.
The earliest known species of this section, and easily distin- guished from V, Wightiana, Lindl., which has been confused with it, by the different structure of the flower. According to Blume, the sepals and petals are light green, and the lip lilac-purple.
42. V. Pabishh, jReic^. /., Otia Bot. Hamb, (1878), p. 39; racemis brevibus, bracteis late ovato-oblongis obtusis; sepalis petalisque lanceolato-oblongis subacntis; labello trilobo lobis lateralibus oblongis apice rotnndatis crennlatis intermedio rot undato- oblongo crennlato, disco medio longe barbate, crista appendicibus fimbriatis retrorsis composite. — Hook. /,, FL Brit. Ind., vi. p. 90.
Hab. Tenasserim, Parish^ 286 ! Moulmein, Gilbert.
Bracteaa 1^ lin. longaB. Pedicelli 1^1 ^ poll, longi. Sepala et petala 1-1 1^ poll, louga. Labellum 1-1^ poll, longum. Colnmna f poll, longa.
A very distinct species, of which an inflorescence ouly is known. According to a drawing of a single flower sent by
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474 MR. R. ALLEN ROLFE ON THE QENUS VANILLA.
Gilbert, the sepals and petals are refleied, and the oolonr pea-green, with a white lip, and a little yellow at the base of the tnbe.
43. Vanilla calopogon, Reichb. /., Otia Bot. Hamb. (1870) p. 40 ; caolibus crassis ; racemis brevibns panoifloris, bracteis ovatis snbacutis ; sepalis petalisque oblongo-lanceolatis acnmi- natis ; labello trilobo, lobis lateralibns oblongis apice rotnndatis nndnlatis, intermedio late oblongo snbacnto, disco longe barbato, crista retrorsA dense barbate ; capsnlis elongato- oblongis.
Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 2070 !
Intemodi 2-4J poll, longi. Bractees 2-3 lin. long8B. PedieelH 1^2 poll, longi. Labellnm 1^ poll, longnm. Colnmna | poll, longa. Capsnla 4^ poll, longa.
Easily distingnished from the preceding species by its more acuminate sepals and petals, the mnch longer front lobe of the lip, and the stonter frnit.
44. V. WiQHTiANA, LindL in Wight Cat (1833) p. 123 (sine descriptione) ; Hook, /., Fl, Brit, Ind., vi. p. 90; canlibns crassis; bracteis ovatis snbacatis; sepalis petalisqne oblongo- lanceolatis sabacntis; labello trilobo lobis lateralibns late rotnndatis intermedio rotnndato-ovato snbacnto, disco line& mediA hirsute instmcto, crista barbatft retrors& ; capsnlis elon- gato-linearibus. — Hook, f., Fl, Brit. Ind., vi. p. 91.
V. aphjUa, Lindl., Qen. and Sp, Orch,, p. 436, partim (nan Blume), Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Dr., iii. pt. 3, p. 1, t. 931. V. Wightii, Lindl, ex Wight, I.e., p. 1 (in note).
Hab. S. India, Deccan Peniasnla, Wight, 2091 !
Intemodi 2-4 poll, longi. BracteaB 2-3 lin. longse. Pedicelli 1 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 9-10 lin. longa. Labellnm 9 lin. loDgom. Colnmna 7 lin. longa. Capsnla 6-7 poll, longa.
Qaite distinct from V. aphylla, Blnme, with which it has been confused, by its broader segments, and the different arrangement of hairs on the disc of the lip. Wight's figure is exaggerated, and the lip not correctly drawn, as is clear from his own herbarium specimens.
45. V. Walkerle, Wight, Ic, PL Ind. Or., iii. (1843-5) pt. 3, p. 1, t. 932; caulibus crassissimis ; foliis abortivis lanceolatis
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MR. R. AJLLEN ROLFB ON THE GENUS VANILLA. 475
acuminatis; racemis pedancnlatis multifloris, bracteis oyatis acutis ; sepalis lanceolato-oblongis sabobtasis ; petalis subsimili. bas panllo latioribus undolatis ; labello integro ovato-oblongo snbacato nhdulato, disco medio lineis binis puberalis ad basin extensis ; capsalis elongato-linearibas. — Thw.y Enwm, PL CeyL, p. 311 ; Hook,/., Fl, Brit Ltd., vi. p. 90.
Hob. Ceylon, Walker ! Champion ! At Qalle, Thwaites, 2964 ! Wight ! Travancore, at Qailon, Wight !
Internodi 3-4 poll, longi. Folia abortiva ^1^ poll, longa. Bracteaa 3-5 lin. longe. Pedicelli 1^2 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2-2| poll, longa. Labellam 1^ poll, longmn. Colnmna 1 poll, longa. Capsala 5-6 poll, longa.
This species has much larger flowers than the preceding, thongh the difference is not well indicated in Wight's figures ; and the hairs of the disc are also much less distinct. The flowers are white, with a little light yellow in the throat.
46. Vanilla Roscheri, Eeichh. /. in Linncea, xli. (1877) p. 65 ; caulibus crassis; racemis pedunculatis multifloris, bracteis triangularibus acutis parvis; sepalis lanceolato-oblongis sub- obtusis ; petalis elliptico-oblongis quam sepala paullo lati- oribus; labello integro lato obtuso y. apiculato undulato, disco medio lineis binis puberulis ad basin extensis, capsulis elongato-lineari bus.
Hab, E. Trop. Africa, Zanzibar, Eoscher, Kirk !
Pedicelli 1^ poll, longi. Sepala et petala 3--3^ poll, longa. Labellnm 2^2| poll, longum. Colnmna 1 poll, longa. Capsula 6-7 poll, longa.
This has much larger flowers than the preceding, as much as 3^ inches long. The colour is pure white. From sketqhes of the flowers and fruit sent by Sir John Kirk the bracts would appear to be deciduous before the capsules are mature. The material at hand is very imperfect.
The following may belong to this species : — A sketch from the Rev. T. Wakefield, Mombasa, frequent among trees on the margins of maritime creeks between Kilimanjaro and the coast, H. H. Johnston; Giryama and Tsimba Mts. Rev. W. B. Taylor, and Samburu, Scott Elliot, n. 6132. These are all practically from the same region, but the two latter have rather smaller flowers. In each case, however, the materials are insufficient for certain determination.
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476 ME. R. ALLEN EOLFE ON THE GENUS VANILLA.
47. Vanilla madaoasgariensis, Bolfe; racemis peduncalatiB multifloris, bracteis oblongis Bubobtusis; sepalis petalisque obloDgo - lanceolatis subacutis ; labello subintegro obtnso undulato, disco subglabro ; capsnl^ ignot^.
Hah, Madagascar ; Bomatoe Bay, Bojer !
Racemi 8-9 poll, longi. Bracteae 8-5 lin. longsB. Pedioelli 1^ poll. longi. Sepala et pefcala 2^ poll, longa. Labellum 2 poll, longum. Columna 10 lin. longa.
Allied to the preceding, but the flowers are smaller, the segments narrower, and the bracts different.
48. V. Phaljjnopsis, Beichh. /., ex Van Houtte, FL des Serves, xvii (1867-8) p. 97, tt. 1769-70; caulibns craesis; I'acemis peduncalatis multifloris, bracteis ovatis acutis ; sepalis lanceolato-oblongis sabobtosis; petalis elliptico-oblongis sub- obtnsis quam sepala panllo latioribos ; labello integro oblongo obtnso snbundalato, disco medio lineis binis pnbemlis ad basin extensis; capsulis lineari-oblongis. — Beichh, f. in Linnosay xli. p. 66.
Internodi 3-4 poll, longi. Bracteaa 3-5 lin. longse. Pedicelli l^-lj poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2J-2^ poll, longa. Labellnm l|-2 poll, longum. Columna f poll, longa. Capsula 4-5 poll, longa.
Hob. Seychelle Islands, ** common in all the islands," HomCy 607!
The disc of the lip of this species is much more pubescent at the base than in the two or three preceding ones. Mr. Home observes that the roots adhere to rocks that are frequently so heated by the sun that they can scarcely be touched by the hand.
49. V. HuMBLOTii, Beichh. /. in Oard, Chron. N.S. xxiii. (1885) p. 726; caulibus crassis ; racemis pedunculatis multifloris^ bracteis oblongis obtnsis deciduis ; sepalis lanceolato-oblongis subacutis ; petalis elliptico-oblongis subacutis quam sepala multo latioribus, labello subintegro rotandato-oblongo, disco puberulo medio villoso. — Beichh, f, in Flora, Ixviii. (1885) p. 378.
Internodi 3-5 lin. longi. Bractea 4-5 lin. longse. Pedicelli 2 poll, longi. Sepala et petala 2^2| poll, longa. Labellum 2|-2^ poll, longum. Columna f poll, longa.
Hab. (jreat Comoro Islands ; Humhlot, 413 !
Readily distinguished by its velutinoua lip, which becomes somewhat yillose on the lower half.
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Section Doubtful.
50. Vanilla Poitjei, Beichh. f. in Linncea, xli. (1877) p. Q^ ; sepalis petalisque lineatis aoutis ; labello cnm co!nmD& connato antlce libero expanso latissime dilatato trilobo, lobis lateralibus, rotnndatis antice crispis, intermedio triaDgnlo crispo omnibus atroviolaceo marginatis et venis insilientibns atroviolaoeo pictis, liDe& latiuscnlft pilorum lamellammqiie retrorsamm in line& labelli roedi^.
Hah, Santo Domingo, Poiteau,
Only known from description, which is very imperfect, and •contains no reference to the affinities of the species, whose position therefore remains doabtfnl.
Doubtful OR Excluded Species.
Vanilla acutifolia, Lodd., Cat, ex W, Baxt. in Lond. Uort. Brit.f SuppL III. p. 655. Name only.
V. angustifolia, Wtlld., 8p. PZ., iv. (1805) p. 121 (Epiden- driam domesticum, Linn., 8p. PL, ed. I. p. 952), based npon Angurek Wama, Kcempf, Amcan, (1712) pp. 867, 869, fig. 1, must probably be excluded from the genus.
V. axillaris, Mill, Oard, Diet., ed 8 (1768), n. 2, et in errat. A doubtful species, probably does not belong to the genus.
V. Fasciola, Spreng., PL Min. Cogn,, Pugill. ii. (1815) p. 83 = Tceniophyllum Fasciola, Reichb. f .
V. pterosperma, lAndl. in Wall, Gat,, n. 7402 = Qaleola Hydra, Reichb. f .
V. rubiginosa, Qriff., Notul., iii (1851), p. 246 = Galeola Hydra, Reichb. f.
V. speciosa, Boxall, ex Naves in Blanco Fl. Filip., ed. 8, Nov, App, (1880) p. 284. Name only, and altogether doubtful.
Supplementary Note.
Since the above was read, additional material has come to hand, enabling the following species to be described : —
13a. V. CRENULATA, Bolfe; caulibus subgracilibus ; foliis petiolatis elliptico-oblongis abmpte acuminatis ; racemis brevi- bus multifloris; bracteis late triangulari-ovatis subobtusis concavis ; sepalo postico lanceolato-oblongo subobtuso concavo
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478 HB. B. ALLEN BOLFB OK THE GENUS VANILLA.
lateralibns elliptico-oblongis obtasis carinatis ; petalis f alcato- obloDgis snbobtusis ; labello trilobo, lobis lateralibns oblongis a lateribos colamnaB adsatis marginibns liberis reflexis crenulatis, intermedio triangulo - ovato subobtnso reflexo - condaplicato crenolato, crist& appendicibos foliaceis pauois composita; column^ brevi incnryi.
Hah. W. Trop. Africa. Sierra Leone, Bamban to Lokko, Scott Elliot, 5733! Ashanti, Prabsn, H. A. Cummins, n. 4! ** Flowers purple and white."
Intemodi 2-3 poll, longi. Folia 2-5 poll, longa, 15-2^ poll, lata ; petioli 3-6 lin. longi. Raoemi 1-1^ poll, longi. Bractesa 1-3 lin. longse. Pedicelli 1^ poll, longi. Sepala 11-13 lin. longa, 4-4^ lin. lata. Petala 11 lin. longa, 3^ lin. lata. Labellom 6 lin. loDgnm. Colnmna 9-10 lin. longa.
Allied to V, rcmiosa, Bolfe, but distinguished by the broader and less aaute crenulate bront lobe of the lip, the nnbranched inflorescence, &c, Mr. Scott Elliot's specimen possessed no flower, but that collected by Dr. Cummins, which is evidently identical, enables the description to be prepared. The fruit is unknown.
16a. Vanilla impebialis, Krctenzl. in Notizbl. Bot. Oard. BerUn (1896) p. 155, t. 1.
Allied to V, grandiflora, Lindl., and has yellow flowers of about the same size, though different in other respects.
Hah, W. Trop. Africa. Yaunde, near Ungomessam, Cameroon district, Zenker and Staitdt, 626.
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On the structure of the female flower and fruit of Sararanga sinuosa, Hemsl. (Pandanaceas). By O. Staff, Dr. Phil., Assistant for India, Kew Herbarium ; with an amended description of the genus and the species, by W. Bottino Hemslet, A.L.S., F.R.S., Principal Assistant, Herbarium, Kew. (Communicated by the President.)
[Bead 19th March, 1896.]
Plates IV-VII.
Introduotion, p. 479 ; the Female Flower, p. 480 ; the Fruit, p. 485 ; Affinities with Pandanut, p. 486 ; Be-description of the G^nus and Species, p. 488 ; Explanation of Plates, p. 489.
In the Journal of this Society (Botany), vol. xxx. (1893) p. 216, t. 11, Mr. W. Botting Hemsley described a new genus of PandanaceflB, Sararanga, the only species belonging to it being 8, sinuosay Hemsl. The description and the figures were made from a dried specimen, gathered by Dr. H. B. Guppy, in Fauro Island, Solomon Group. The plant had already pre- viously been collected by Dr. O. Becoari in Jobi Island, off the north-west coast of New Guinea; but the condition of his specimens was such that little could be said about them save that they evidently belonged to a new genus of Pandanaceaa. (See Count Solms-Laubach, in Engl. u. Prantl. Naturl. Pflan- zenfam, Tb. i. Abth. ii. p. 191.) Since the publication of the description of Sararanga further material has been received, consisting of leaves and female flowers and fruits gathered by the officers of H.M.S. *' Penguin," Commander A. F. Balfour, in New Georgia, and presented to Kew by Admiral Wharton, C.B., Hydrographer to the Admiralty. There are also some photo- graphs showing the habit of the tree, and a description, drawn up by Lieutenants B. T. Somerville and S. C. Weigall, was communicated to the Herbarium, Kew [cf. Kew Bulletin (1895), pp. 159, 273]. The flowering and fruiting specimens from New Georgia consisted of portions of the female inflorescence, and being preserved in cocoa butter, arrived in excellent condition for examination. As the materials from which the description of the genus was drawn up were very imperfect, a fresh examination was very desirable. I had prepared the analyses and part of the drawings of ;Sararaw^a, published in Mr. Hemsley's paper, and was thus to a certain extent respon-
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sible for them. I uDdertook, therefore, the examination of the fresh material, the resalts of which are contained in this paper. The male flowers are still unknown, and my observa- tions are therefore restricted to the female.
Finally, I have to express my thanks to Mr. Thiselton Dyer for permission to include an illustration from one of the photo- graphs mentioned above.
The Female Flower.
Before describing the structure of the female flower of Sararanga it may be well to repeat part of the description of the female tree by Lieutenants Somerville and Weigall as pub- lished in the Kew Bulletin above mentioned. This will also serve at the same time as an explanation of PI. lY. According to this description, Sararanga sinuoaa is a tree which attains an average height of "60 feet, including the branches which radiate out from the stem at the top of the trank only, to a length of about 10 feet." The trunk is coated with " a thick covering cf small tendril-like roots, closely adhering together and tightly packed to the tree,'* but "there were no aerial roots in any instance."
" The flower head grows in the centre of the leaf branches, which themselves occur at the end of the large branches radiating from the head of the trunk. It consists of a tough main stem, strongly bent at the foot, so as to cause the flower head to hang downwards, from which spring 30 flower- branchlets diminishing in size to the point, which forms a branch itself. They grow two in opposition, followed by two more in opposition, but placed on the opposite diameter of the main stem. The lowest, largest flower-branchlet had 16 minor branches springing from it, growing irregularly both in distance and position, and bearing 162 blossoms. When first cut down the blossoms had a faint fetid odour like that of a harvest bug, which, however, soon passed off." The two panicles measured were 45 and 60 inches long ; their rhachis was over 1 inch thick at the base, and the lower branches had a length of 11 inches.
Mr. Hemsley described the fleshy sinuously-lobed bodies which are bom by the ultimate ramifications of the panicle as " receptacula florifera." I may state at once that I shall term them " flowers " and give the reasons later on. These female
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flowers (PI. V. figs. 1, 2) of Sararanga sinuosa consist of a radimentarj perianth and of a gynaecenm, no traoes of an androecium being discernible. The perianth has the shape of a flat, sinnonsly bent saucer. It is, even in a yonng state, rather fleshy and thick (PI. Y. figs. 3, 14). It is closely adpressed to the base of the gynaeceam, exactly following its sinnons windings, but not adnate to it. The margin is entire and there is no venation visible to the naked eye, though a microscopic exami* nation reyeab the presence of generally simple vascular bundles which radiate from the base. The gynaeceum consists of a fleshy, roughly semi-globose or subglobose body — about 6 mm. in diameter — which is sinuously lobed, as shown in PI. V. figs. 1, 2, 6-8. The surface is smooth in a fresh state, and the colour white. The stigmas consist of small and dark wart^like protuberances, more or less round or slightly reniform. They are veiy numerous, upwards of 70 or 80 in one flower, and so arranged in a continuous Hne that the line exactly follows the branching of the gynaeceum, always keeping strictly to the dorsal ridge of the main body as well as of the lobes ; but as it runs out almost right to the end of each lobe and returns fitrictly parallel to itself till it reaches the next sinus, and so on, it forms the sinuous double row of stigmata which is so remarkable a feature in the flower and fruit of Sararanga, Where the stigmata show an approach to horseshoe shape the «inus is always on the inner side (PI. Y. ^g, 12), so that the Minuses of two opposite stigmata &ce each otiier. Within this double row of stigmata there is a very shallow, and sometimes quite obscure depression, in which — with the aid of a lens — minute pores (PL Y. fig. 12, 13) may be seen, from which some- times a more or less obscure groove extends towards the nearest stigma. As these pores and grooves are homologous to similar structures present in many species of Pandanus where they are assumed to indicate the ventral suture of the carpels, 1 will speak of these pores briefly as sutural pores. A trans* verse section through two opposite stigmas (PI. V. fig. 9 ; PL YI. fig. 18) shows that there is one ovary cell below each of them and about equally distant from the top and the bottom of the gynaeceum, containing a single anatropous ovule (PL YI. fig. 22). This is bom on a rather stout funicle, which springs from the inner basal angle of the cell. Its structure is essentially the same as in Freycinetia javanica (see Solms-Laubach, in Bot.
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Zeit. xxxvi. (1878) t. 10, f. 13). The nucleus was re-absorbed almost completely by the embryo sac, even in the youngest states which I have seen. In figs. 8 and 9 of Mr. Hemsley's plate, illustrating Sararanga, I have represented this ovary cell as communicating with the sutural pores by means of a channel. When examining the fresh material from New Georgia I was convinced that such a communication does not exist. Dr. Guppy's dried specimens were very much squeezed by pressing, hence it was necessary to treat the dissections with hydrate of potassium and to flatten them out with needles. In doing this I evidently tore the tissue along a line which I, biassed by the diagram of the carpel of Pandanus pygmceus in Solms-Laubach's paper on PandaneaB [Bot. Zeit. (1878) 1. 10, fig. 25], took to be the stigmatic channel. Thus the gynae- eeum appears to be formed by a very great number of carpels (PI. V. figs. 10, 11) which are so completely fused into one solid fleshy body as to leave only the stigmas free, and perhaps a very small portion below them, where traces of the ventral suture, in the shape of an obscure groove, and all but micro^ wcopic pores are visible.
The anatomical structure of the flowers is on the whole very simple, except one or two peculiarities ; but as Sararanga differs considerably from the rest of the Pandanacees in the morphology of its flowers and fruits, it may be worth while to mention the principal anatomical features. The epidermis of the perianth, as well as of the gynaeceum, consists of poly- gonal, slightly oblong, or almost isodiametric cells ; the outer walls of which are distinctly thicker than the others, and covered with a strong and wrinkled or striated cuticle (PI. V., ^g. 15 ; VII., fig. 25). There are stomata present in the perianth (PI. V., fig. 15) but none, so far as I am aware, in the gynaeceum. The stomata are of the ordinary kind, and surrounded by four gaard-cells. The succulent parenchyma of the perianth is quite homogeneous, except some very large cells which reach a maximum length of ^ mm. and contain bundles of rhaphides. The parenchymatic tissue of the gynsacium is much more differentiated ; but before describing it I will deal with the vascular system. A considerable number of vascular bundles enter the flower from the pedicel, then, after having given off short branches for the perianth, which generally remain simple^ they divide at the base of the gynaeceum in such a way that
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each carpel has one bandle ascending straight to the stigma on its ventral or inner side, and another ascending in a curve along its mesial line on the dorsal side (PI. VI. tigs. 18, 23). Both bnndles fnse below the stigma and end here in a cluster of tracheids, very much in the same way as vascular bundles terminate below water pores (PL VI. fig. 21). The ventral bundle emits the branch which supplies the funicle and ends in the chalaza, where it breaks up into scattered tracheids (PL VI. figs. 18, 22). The parenchyma immediately below the epidermis is collenchymatic. Along the vascular bundles it forms a mantle (PL VI. figs. 18, 23) consisting of smaller and more oblong cells which are rather rich in plasma. A similar parenchyma fills the space between the two rows of ovary cells and surrounds that part out of which the hard endocarp is formed later on. This part consists of an outer mantle of large thin-walled cells which are radially arranged around the cavity (PL VI. ^g, 23) and of au inner mantle which is laterally reduced to a single layer of small cells but thicker along the edges, where it remains in a meristematio condition for some time. The rest of the parenchyma of the gynaeceum consists of very wide thin-walled polygonal cells. A part of this parenchyma, but particularly the collenchyma is more or less rich in starch. The stigma (PL V. figs. 16, 17) is formed of thin-walled cells which radiate from the base, the peripheral ones bulging out into short and very close papillsB. The tissue forming the stigma seems to lose its vitality very soon. Even in the earliest states which I saw it was browned and appa- rently dry, and its cell-walls stained purple rapidly when treated with phloroglucine and chloric acid.
Finally I have to mention the peculiar structure of the tissue at the base of and around the sutural pores (PL VI. fig. 19 ; VII. fig. 24). The sutural pores vary in length, but in no case do they exceed a quarter of the distance between their mouth and the top of the ovary-cell. The mouth is funnel-shaped and circular, or more or less oblong in transverse section. Sometimes it happens that it is divided into two apertures by a narrow and low strand of tissue whilst it is simple below. The channel descending from this funnel- shaped mouth is very narrow but widens a little at the very base, particularly in a direction parallel to the double row of stigmas to which the pore belongs. The upper part of the
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channel, in the advanced Mtate which the flowers examined by me were in, is generally closed by the walls of the channel being tightly pressed against each other. A longitudinal section through the pore shows that the striated and thick cuticle of the epidermis surrounding the mouth continues down the channel to the point near its base, where it widens again. The epidermis itself and the coUenohyma below the mouth are also essentially the same as at any other point of the gynaeceum. At the base of the pore, however, the epidermis as well as the tissue immediately below it consists of smaller thin-walled isodiametric cells, full of plasma and having large nuclei (PI, VII, ^g, 24, e> The outer walls of the epidermis of this part are also quite thin and the cuticle delicate. Below this point the tissue continues somewhat rich in plasma for some distance ; but the cells become gradually larger and more oblong (PL VII. fig. 24, ct), passing finally into the parenchyma which fills the space between the double rows of ovary cells. The cavity at the base of the pore sometimes expands, as mentioned above, a trifle in the direction of the stigma-rows, whilst a narrow band of a compact small-celled parenchyma extends in the same direction, joining the basal portions of all the pores with each other and with the similar tissue that Burrounds the vascular bundle. The walls of the epidermis cells at the base of the pores suberize soon, though later than the stigma, and then stain purple readily with phloroglucine and chloric acid. I was led to a closer examination of these conditions by my desire to ascertain the actual function of the stigma, and of the sutural pore, and the way by which the pollen tubes reach the cavity of the ovary cell. The specimens at my disposal were, however, either too advanced or not fertilized at all. In no case did I succeed in actually tracing the pollen tubes in their descent to the ovule, although I once found two pollen grains close to a stigma, one empty and the other with the exine split, and the intine just bulging out. The pollen grains observed (PI. V. fig. 4) were similar to those of Fandanus fasdculatus (PI. V. fig. 5), and I have very little doubt that they were really pollen of a male Sararanga. This phase in the fertilization is still very obscnre in Pandanus. Solms-Laubach points out that a proper stigmatic channel is present in Pandanus pygmceus, whilst a conductive tissue is said to extend from the ovary cell towards the stigma in the
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other species, so far as they have been examined. The fact that the vascular bundles terminate immediately below the stigma with a cluster of tracheids suggests that the stigma is supplied by them with water or perhaps a sugary liquid, but it is not very favourable to the assumption that the pollen- tubes make their way through the stigma, avoiding the traoheids and penetrating the surrounding collenchyma. But then the strong cuticle of the epidermis around the stigma is obviously a still greater obstacle to the pollen-tubes. Should they, however, descend into the pores they would reach at the bottom a tissue exquisitely suitable for the functions of a conductive parenchyma. Moreover, it is quite possible that the epidermis at the bottom of the pores exudes a liquid which might directly attract the pollen-tubes. If this be so, the stigmas would serve mainly to secure the pollen, whilst the sutural pores would receive the pollen-tubes as they grow out and guide them to the conductive tissae. This is, of course, nothing more than a conjecture, which will have to be veri6ed on younger or living material of Sararangay or even of Pandanus, where the conditions seem to be very similar.
The Fruit.
The changes which the fertilized gynaeceum undergoes to the point of full maturity are very simple (PI. V. figs. 6-8). The gynescium grows till it reaches three or four times the original diameter, and mainly by the expansion of its parenchymatic elements, which assume all the characteristios of the cells of a succulent fruit. Some dried fruitjs and part of the preserved fruits were faintly tinged with red, which colour was due to the presence of carotine-like granules in the peripheral parts. Another change has already been mentioned, that which consists in the suberisation of the stigma and the epidermis at the bottom of the sutural pores, which, moreover, are more or less completely closed by the growth of the surrounding parts. Thus the only spots where, in consequence of the absence of a well developed cuticle, excessive transpiration could take place are, as it were, sealed up. Of more importance, however, are the changes which take place in the growing seed and the endocarp. The latter is formed out of the inner-cell layers of the carpel which disclose their destination already from an early stage (see p. 483 and PI. VI. figs. 18, 23). The outermost
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mantle of this portion, consisting of wide, radially arranged cells, is transformed into an air-filled tissue with extremely delicate cell- walls (PI. VII. fig. 28) which finally separate more or less from the snrronnding parts and often get torn themselves, whence the stone (pyrene) appears finally wrapped in a delicate flat, filmy coat with a ragged snr^e. The inner mantle on the sides of the ovary cell develops into a thin sclerenchyniatic shell, while the meristem, which in a yonng state extended all over the edges of the cell, gives rise to a strong, hard, and ohtnse crest (PI. VII. figs. 27, 28) of considerable width, consisting entirely of stone-cells of the kind common in the shells of stone fruits. The ripe seed is oblong in transverse section and com- pletely fills the stone, the testa being very thin and consisting of much flattened brownish cells. The short raphe and the hilum near the upper end of the seed are quite distinct. The embryo (PL VII. fig. 29) is small, and of the form characteristic of Pandanusy that is, conical or ovoid, with a lateral indentation below the middle. The albumen is very copious and oily, the cells containing large aleurone grains, which enclose crystalloids and globoids, quite as in Pandaniut (PI. VII. fig. 30). In a perfectly ripe fruit the thin parenchymatous partitions between the stones are often more or less re-absorbed, and then the stones are closely packed together in curved rows.
It is clear from this description that the fruit of Sararanga is technically a " drupa succulenta polypyrena."
Affinities with Fandanus.
Count Solms-Laubach in his paper on PandanaceaB, in Bot. Zeit. (1878), has pointed out thai the female spadix of Tan- danus is a spike, the sessile flowers of which exhibit a complete suppression of the perianth and, with few exceptions, of the androecium, thus being reduced to naked gynaecea. The gynae- ceum itself in the struggle for space on the rhachis has in many cases undergone a kind of dinlocation in the arrangement of the carpels, or a partial or complete suppression of some of them, down to a reduction to a solitary carpel. Where the typical concentric arrangement of the carpels is still maintained, the gynaeceum is polygonal in transverse section, the carpels meet with their ventral sutures in the centre, the sinuses of the often horseshoe-shaped stigmas facing also the centre. The next
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modification, generally connected with an increase of carpelR, is the extension of the linear axis into a plane, and consequently the arrangement of the carpels into two parallel rows. In this case the carpels meet with their ventral sntnres along the ideal plane, the stigmas facing this plane ; when the number of carpels is still more increased, some of them are, so to say, poshed from the periphery into the centre, where they form small groups by themselves. These phalanges, as they have been called, give, I believe, a clue to the nature of the arrangement of the carpels in Sararanga. If we imagine a gynaeceum consisting of 70--80 concentrically-aiTanged carpels compressed in one direction only, they would form a long linear phalanx ; but supposing them to be compressed from several sides, the forces acting approximately centripetal ly, the result would necessarily be an arrangement of carpels, such as we find in Sararanga. In fact, the multiplication of carpels to so great a number as in Sara- ranga, is only conceivable under conditions as in Sararanga^ since the carpels cannot well be reduced in size below a certain limit, and as there is no actual axis which would increase proportionately at the same time in diameter. That a certain symmetry is still maintained in the strictly parallel arrange- ment of the carpels within the divisions of the gynaeceum is probably due to the absence of pressure from the nearest flowers, which, being stalked, are out of contact from an early stage, whilst they often cause the complete suppression of one half of the phalanx in PoMdanus, where all the flowers are sessile. On the other hand, the gjnaeceum is not exactly symmetrically lobed, and this I am inclined to explain by the absence of stamens or a more differentiated perianth or any other organs with a definite disposition, which might determine the development of the gynaeceum. Although the disposition of the carpels is on the whole more complex in Sararanga than in certain species of Pandanus having linear phalanges, it is, nevertheless, in every respect the same within each division or lobe. Thus it is not difficult to trace the structure of the gynaeceum of Sararaf^ga back to the perfectly plain type of a Pandanus f like P. fasdcularis, and if Solms-Laubach's inter- pretation of the female flower of Pandanus is correct, and I cannot see how it could be called in doubt in view of the perfectly unambiguous structure of the flower of Freycinetia, we must consider also each of the fruits of Sararanga as the
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product of a single female flower. The essential differences between Sararanga and Fandanus are then the panicled rami- fication of the inflorescence, the presence of a rudimentary perianth, and the ultimate transformation of the gjnaeceum into a berry-like, very succulent drupe in Sararangay against the spadiciform inflorescence, the complete absence of a perianth, and the generally more woody character of the drupe in Fandanus.
Sararanga, HemsL in Joum. Linn. 8oc. (i)W.), xxx. (1894) p. 216, PI. XI. Generis Character hie emendattis, a W. Betting Hemsley. Flores dioici, <f ignoti. Florum J spatha foliacea, folio parvo simillima. Spadix amplissimns, densissime race- n:oso-paniculatus, ramosissimus, pendulus, ramulis compressis. Flores J breviter pedicellati ; perianthium liberum, subcar- nosum, gamophyllum, truncatum vel irregulariter 3-4-lobatnm, fmctiferum occultum ; staminodia nulla ; gynaecei camosi carpella numerosissima, unioYulata, sinuoso-biseriata, seriebus nunc e centre gynaecei trifurcatis ramificationibus bifurcatis, nunc valde irregularibus sed serierum dispositio stigmatibus sessilibus magnis disooideis vel hippocrepiformibus bene indicata. Fructus parvus, camosus, dtupoidens, irregulariter 2~4-lobatns, multipyrenus, pyrenis osseis l-spermis ; semen a funioulo elongate e fere basi anguli intemi loculi pendulum, embryone conoideo basilari.
Sararanga sinuosa, Eemsl. Arbor pandaniformis circiter 60-pedalis, trunco undo (radices aSreas baud emittente) apicem versus tantum ramoso. Folia ad apices ramorum conferta, spiraliter disposita, crassissima, coriacea, lineari-lanceolata usque ad 10 ped. longa, 4^ poll, lata, basin et apicem versus in margine et secns costam aculeis minutis instructa, apice vix acuta. Spatha foliacea sed omnino inermis, circiter bipedalis. Spadix albus, 4-6 ped. longus, rhachi prope basin usque 4^ poll, diametro. Pedicelli gracilinsculi, 8-9 lin. longi. Fructus maturus 6-9 lin. diam. ; pyrenae obovatsB, valde compressa?, vix 1 lin. diam.
Fauro Island, Solomon Group, at elevations of 1,600 to 1,900 feet. Dr. E. B. Quppy. New Georgia, Solomon Group, " found growing exclusively at the estuaries of rivers and generally in clumps of three or four," Lieutenants Boyle, T. SomerviUe, and S. Weigall Jobik Island, North- West New Guinea, Dr. 0. Beccari.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate IV.
Top branch of tree, showing leaves and inflorescence, from a photograp]i hy Lieutenants Somerrille and Weigall.
Plate V.
Figs. 1 and 2. Female flower in front and back Tiew. Fig. 8. Flower, vertical section passing through two opposite ovary cells. 4. Pollen found on a gjmecium of Sararanga sinMosa. 1 5. Pollen of PandanusfoMcivmlatus (for comparison). Figs. 6 — 8. Bipe fruit, from different sides. Fig. 9. Aipe fruit, vertical section passing through two opposite pjrenes.
10. Part of a joung fruit, cross section.
11. The same, vertical section parallel to the stigma row.
12. Stigmas and stigma scars (s) and sutural pores (p).
18. Mouth of sutural pore.
14. Part of the perianth (r : raphid cells).
15. Epidermis of the perianth with stoma (g : guard cells).
16. Stigma, vertical section.
17. Papill» of the stigma.
Plate VI.
Fig. 18. Vertical section through a carpel (st : stigma ; p : base of a pore» the channel being behind the optical section ; vb : vascular- bundles; e : joung endocarp . r : raphid cell).
19. Vertical section through a pore, at a right angle to the stigma row.
20. Part of vascular bundle.
21. End of the vascular bundle below the stigma.
22. Ovule.
28. Cross section through several collateral carpels.
Plate VII.
Fig. 24. Sutural pore, longitudinal section (e : Epithelium ; ct : conductive tissue?).
25. Epidermis celb (outer wall and cuticle) from the mouth of pore.
26. Epithelium at the base of the pore, top view.
27. Longitudinal section through seed, passing through the crest
(e : embryo).
28. Cross section through seed.
29. Embryo.
80. Albumen (a : aleurone grains in oil ; c : crystalloids, laid free by the dissolution of the aleuron).
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490 ME. C. H. WRIGHT ON THE GENCS STEMONA.
On the genus Stemona^ Lour. By C. H* Weight, Assistant in the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. (Communicated by W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., C.I.E., F.R.S., F.L.S.)
[Read 2nd April, 1896.]
The genus Stemona was founded in 1790 by Loureiro in his Flora Cochinchinensis, p. 404, where he describes a single species, S, tuherosa. Five years later. Banks described the same plant in Roxburgh's Plants of the Coromandel Coast, i. p. 29, t. 32, also as a new genus with the name of Boxburghia gloriosoides, under which name the species was formerly culti- vated. This is one of the few monocotyledonous genera with tetramerous flowers, and it is remarkable for the great diversity presented by its vegetative characters, while its reproductive organs vary within limits too narrow to admit of it being split up into several genera.
The stamens present the most interesting feature of the flower. The very short, often broad, filament is surmounted by a very wide connective, which is produced on the postical surface into a keel slightly longer than 1 he two anther cells, which it completely separates. Above this the connective is produced into a more or less subulate appendage, often several times the length of the anther cells, and bears upon its postical face two small keels, whose lower edges slightly overlap the upper end of the keel previously mentioned. The pollen is of a somewhat waxy nature, and that contained in each cell is welded into a single mass provided with a caudicle which pro- trudes from the apex of the anther cell and joins over the upper edge of the lowest keel with the caudicle from the other cell, and from this point the two united caudicles are prolonged upwards. The masses thus formed resemble those met with in the AscleptadecB. The caudicles of the four stamens bend inwards and touch, while the prolonged connectives bend outwards. The ovary is one-celled, with several erect ovules. The seeds are oblong, and contain a small, straight embryo in the axis of copious albumen. The spermoderm is sulcate and produced into a small apiculus at one end. The funiculus often attains a considerable length, and bears, just below the seed, a bunch of filamentose or vescicular appendages.
The form most remote from the generic type is met with in ^'. Griffithtana, Kurz, which is an erect herb, whose leaves are
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MR. C. U. WRIGHT ON THB GENUS STEMONA. 491
not produced until after the racemose scape. Next to this come two species also with erect habit, bat whose flowers are pro- duced on the leafy stem, viz., S. sessilifolia^ Miq., and S, erecta, C. H. Wright. All the other species are climbers. The leaves, as shown by the sabjoined key, are either verticillate, opposite, or alternate. In appearance they much resemble certain species of Bioscorea^ but are at once distinguished by the primary veins of the leaves being connected by numerous approximate transverse ones, a character also possessed by the South African Liliaceous genus Behnia, whose floral structure, however, is quite different.
Ttie species of this genus occur chiefly in Eastern Asia, six being found in the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago, two in India proper, four in China, two in Japan, while two extend to Australia.
Stemona, Lour.y Fl, Cochinch.^ p. 404 (1790). Boxburghioy Banks, in Roxb. PI. Corom., i. p. 29, t. 32 (1795).
Herbacea vel suffruticosa. Caulis erectus vel saepius scandeus. Folia altema, opposita vel verticillafa, petiolata, nerviis pluribns transversalibus approximatis. Pedunculi axillares, liberi vel ad petioles aduati; Bores tetrameri; perianthii segmenta distincta, imbricala. Staminorum connectivum inter et ultra antherarum loculos longe productum; antherae longi- tudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium parvum, nniloculare ; stigma sessile, punctiforme ; ovula 3-qo , erecta ; capsula bivalvata ; semina 2-oo, albuminosa; funiculus seepe elongatus, apico appendiculatus ; embryo rectus, axillaris.
Clavis specie bum.
A. Folia hysterantha . . . . . . I. 8. Griffithiami.
B. Folia eodem tempore ac flores prod acta. 1. Folia verticUlata.
a. Caulis erectus.
Folia ovata. Perianthii segmenta
late lanceolata . . . . . . 2. S. sessili folia.
Folia elliptica. Perianthii segmenta
anguste lanceolata . . . . Z. S. erecta.
0, Caulis scandens.
Folia acuminata, basi rotundata,
pedicelli ad petioles adnati • • 4. S. japonica. Folia acuta, basi profnnde cordata,
pedicelli liberi . . . . . . 5, S. acuta.
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492 MR. C. H. WRIGHT ON THE OENUB STEMONA.
2. Folia opposita.
Pedicelli ad petiolos adnati . . . . 6. S. moluccana.
„ liberi . . . . . . 7. 8. tuherosa,
3. Folia alterna.
a, Pedunculi 2-3-flori.
Perianthii segmenta oblonga, acata 8. 8, Curtisii, „ „ lanceolata . . 9, 8. minor,
p. FeduDcali uniflori.
Folia ovato-cordata . . . . 10. *S'. javanica.
„ lanceolata vel oblonga.
Perianthii segmenta angrnsta . . 11. jS. australtana. „ „ late ovato-
lanceolata . . . . . . 12. 8. parvijlara.
1. Stemona Griffithiana, Kurz, in Joum. As. 8oc. Beng.^ xlii. part ii. p. 109, t. 10 ; herbacea, erecta, foliis ovatis post anthesin productis.
Herba erecta, glabra. Ehizoma crassum. Folia ovata, 3-5 poll, longa, breviter acnminata, chartacea, glabra, ^^ sericanter nitentia,*' ner\riis transversalibufl pluribos; petiolns 3-5 poll, longns. ScapuB erectus, corymboso-racemosus, aphjllns, 3-6 poll, longas ; pedicelli 1 poll, longi, stricti ; bractea lanceolata, acuminata, 3-4 lin. longa. Perianthii segmenta lanceolata, viridia vel fusco - parporea. Staminoram filamenta lata, purpurea ; anthersB luteee, cuspidatsB. Ovarium uniloculars ; oytila 6, lineari - oblonga, erecta. Capsula 6 lin. longa, 2-valYata, 3-4-sperma ; semina lineari-oblonga, sulcato-carinat^i, subapicnlata, basi arillata.
" Gen. nov.,'* Griff., Joum. of Travels, p. 149.
Burma : Ava, Martaban, and Pegu, Griffith.
This species differs from all the others in having its flowers produced before the leaves. The ovules are erect, not pendulous as stated by Kurz.
2. S. 8ESSILIF0LIA, Franch. et 8av., Enum. PL Jap,, ii. p. 92 ; herbacea, erecta, foliis verticillatis obovatis vel late ovatis, perianthii segmentis late lanceolatis.
Herba erecta; caulis angularis, subtus nudus. Folia qua- tematim verticillata, sessilia vel subsessilia, obovata vel late ovata, apice rotundata, subito brevissimeque apiculata, 1^2 poll, longa. Pedunculi axillares vel ex axillis bractearnm lanceii- latarum locum foliornm tenentes. Perianthii segmenta late lanceolata, 9-nervia, poll, longa, lutescentia nisi basi purpurea.
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MR. C. H. WRIGHT ON THE GENUS SIEMONA. 493
Boxhurghia sesailifolia^ Miq. in Ann. Mas. Bot. Logd. Bat., ii. p. 211 ; Phonzo Zoufon, zxviii. t. 6 ; Sd Mokou 2Soassetz, ii. t. 55.
B. japonicay Miq. ex Franch. et Sav., Enum. PI. Jap., ii. p. 92 in 8jn.
Japan: Siebold; Y edo, Savatxer.
3. Stemona erecta, C H. W7^ight, in Kew Bull (1895) p. 117 ; et Hook.y Ic. Pl.y t. 2389 ; herbacea, erecta, foliis verticillatis, ellipticis, periantbii segmentis angnste lanceolatis.
Herba erecta, glabra. Canlis 1-2 pedal is, angnlaris vel striatas ; folia quaternatim verticillata, elliptica, 2-2^ poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, breviter subitoque acuminata, basi in brevem angastnm petiolum contracta. Peduncnli uniflori, ex axillis bractearnm locum foliorum inferiorum tenentes, basi decurvati,. apice recurvati. Flores erecti ; periantbii segmenta angnste lanceolata acuta, 6-7 lin. longa. Stamina periantbii segmentis breviora ; antbera9 lineares ; connectivum in appen- dicem levem apice productum. Ovula 6, erecta.
China : Anwhei, Nanking, Faher, 1541 .
4. S. japonica, Franch, et 8av.y Enum, PL Jap,, ii. p. 92 ; ^candeuB, foliis verticillatis, pedunculis ad petioles adnatis.
SufFmticosus, scandens. Radix ex tnberis plnribus oblongis constata ; folia ternatim verticillata, ovato - lanceolata, 5-7- nervia, 3 poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata ; petiolns tenuis, 1 poll, longus; pednnculi ad petioles adnati, panciflori; bracteoli a floribus distantes ; periantbii segmeuta oblongi, recurvati.
Boxhurghia japonica^ Blnme, Enum. PI. Jav., i. p. 9 (nou Miq.).
B. ruscifoUa, Zucc. ex Scbnitzl., Iconogr., i. t. 56 B, fig. 17.
Japan, Java.
5. S. acuta, 0. H. Wright; scandens, foliis verticillatis, cordatis, acutissimis, pedunculis liberis.
Frutex scandens. Folia ternatim verticillata, membranacea, a basi cordata ad apicem acutissimum sensim producta, 4 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, 9-nervia, nerviis plnribus trans versalibus connexis; petiolns tenuis, 1^2 poll, longus. Pedunculus axillaris, unifloms, 3 poll, longus, bracteolo parvo solitario a flore distante. Periantbii lobi lanceolati, acuti, 1^ poll, longi, 7-9-nervii. Stamina 4, filamentis 2 lin. longis oompressis;
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494 MR. 0. H. ^^^lIGHT on the genos stemona.
antherce angustae, 3 lin. longse ; connect! vum ultra locnlos in appendicem linearem carinatam 8 lin. longnm et inter locnlos in carinam productnm. Ovarium parvum, ovoideum, ovnlis 12-15, erectis ; stigma sessile.
China : Kwangtung, Ford, 283.
This differs from 8. japonica, Pranch. et Sav., in having verj acute leaves, gradually tapering from a cordate base, and in the peduncles not being adnate to the petioles.
6. Stemona moluccana, 0. H. Wright ; foliis cordatis, pedun- culis ad petioles adnatis, perianthii segmontis angastis.
Caulis scandens, "vix culmum crassus." Folia opposita, cordata, 5-6 poll, longa, 3-3J poll, lata, atro-viridia, 7-11-nervia. Pedunculns ad petiolum adnatum, 4 poll, longus, 2-3-florus. Perianthii segmenta angnsta, viridia. Stamina 4, connectivo ultra antherse loculos product©.
Boxburghia molttccana, Blume, Enum. PI. Jav., i. p. 9.
Ubi Qorita nigrum^ Rumph., Hort. Amb., v. p. 365.
Java.
This species is known only from the brief description by Rumphins.
7. S. TUBEROSA, Lour., FL Cochinch,, p. 404 ; scandens, foliis oppositis, pedunculis a petiolis liberis, perianthii segmentis lanceolatis.
Radix tuberosa. Caulis fruticosus, scandens. Folia ovata, cordata, acuminata, 7-15-nervia, integra, glabra, 3-7 poll, longa, 2-5 poll, lata; petioli tenues, 1^3 poll, longi. Pedunculi axillares, 1-3-flori ; bracteoli lanceolati, a floribus distantes. Perianthii segmenta lanceolata, 2 poll, longa, 4 Im. lata. Filamenta brevia ; antheree lineares, connectivo inter ultraqne loculos producto. Ovarium parvum ; ovula circa 6 erecta. Capsula 2-valvata.
Stemona gloriosoides, Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc, p. 650.
Boxburghia ghriosa, Pers. Syn., i. p. 412 ; Bot. Mag., t. 1500.
B. gUrriosoides, Rozb., PI. Corom., i. p. 29, t. 32 (non Zoll).
JB. Stemona, Steud. Nomencl., ed. II. ii. p. 475.
B. viridiflora, Sm., Ezot. Bot., i. p. 111.
India : Bengal, Bottler, Oriffith^ 5600 ; Bhaugulpore, Hooher ; Cherra, Hooker and Thomson, 849 ; Chela, 0. B, Clarke, 14936 ; Chittagong, Booker and Thomson, 319, C. B. Clarke, 19787; Sillet, WalUeh, 5156 B ; Amboina, Barclay ^ 4131 ; Pahang,
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MR. C. H. WRIGHT ON THE GENUS STEMONA. 495
jRidley. Philippines : Luzon, Vtdal, 3942. China : Ichang, A, Henry, 566 ; Amoy, Smnhoe ; Formosa, Bankinsing^ A. Henry, 816.
8. Stemona Cubtisii, Hook. /., Fh Brit. Ind., vi. p. 298; BcaudmiiB, foliis altemis, cordatis, longe acuminatie, floribas nnisexualibns, perianthii segmentis oblongis acatis.
Caulis fruticosas, scandens, tennis. Folia altema, cordata, loDge acuminata, 9-11 -nervia, 4-6 poll, longa, 2-3 poll, lata; petiolus elongatus, debilis. Pedunculus axillaris, 1^3 poll, longns, 3-florus ; bracteola parva, lanceolata, ad pedicellorum basin. Flores unisexuales ? Porianthii lobi 9 lin. longi, 2 lin. lati, oblongi, acuti. Filamenta brevissima, lata ; antheree 3 lin. longse; connectivum latum inter ultraque antherse loculos pro- ductuni. Ovarium parvum, oblongum ; ovulis 6 erectis. Bat, Mag., t. 7254.
Penaxq : Curtis, 1522.
9. S. MINOR, Hook. /., Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 298; scandens, foliis altemis, deltoidois, perianthii lobis lanceolatis.
Caulis suffruticosus, scandens, plus minusve quadrangularis. Folia altema, deltoidea, acuta, basi rotundata vel cordata, 7-9-nervia, 1^-3 poll, longa. Pedunculus simplex vel ramosus, 2-4 poll, longus, in axill» folii vel bracte» parv» scariosie positus, floribus 2-6 bracteolatis. Perianthii lobi lanceolati, |-1 poll, longi, 2 lin. lati. Stamina 8 lin. longa; anther» 2 lin. longsd; connectivum inter ultraque anthersB loculos productum, parte superioro bicarinat& latere postioo. Ovarium oblongum, ovulis 6 erectis. Capsula 2.valvata.
Boxhurghia gloriosoides, Wight, Ic, t. 2061.
R. gloriosoides var. minor, Thwaites, Ennm. PI. Zeyl., p. 432.
Malabar : Pulicat Hills, Wight, 2821. Madras, Nagari Hills, Beddome, 7770 ; Ceylon, Glennie in Herb. Thwaites, 3775.
This resembles 8. tuherosa, Lonr., but is smaller in all its parts, and its alternate leaves are proportionately broader at the base.
10. S. JAVANICA, C. H. Wright ; scandens, foliis ovatis, basi cordatis, perianthii segmentis lanceolatis aoutis.
Sufiruticosus, scandens. Caulis teres, spiraliter contortus, glaber, tenuis. Folia altema, ovata, breviter acuminata, basi cordata, 7-9-nervia nerviis subtus prominentibus, membranacea^
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496 MR. C. H. WRIGHT ON THE OBNUS 8TEM0NA.
3-5 poll, longa, li-2f poll, lata; petiolns 6-14 lin. longus, glaber. Pedanculi 2-6 azillares, uniflori; bractea ovata, acuminata, scariosa. Periunthii segmenta lanceolata, acuta, 5 liu. looga, 1 lin. lata. Capsula oblonga, subrostrata, 6-10 lin. louga, 2-8perma.
Roxburghta javanica, Kunth, Enum. PI., v. p. 288.
B, gloriosoides, Zoll. ex Kunth, Enum. PL, v. p. 288 (non Roxb.).
R. javanica var. ? atistraUana^ Benth., Fl. Austral., vii. p. 1, <?x parte.
Dioscorea lucida^ R. Br., Prod. Nov. HolL, p. 295.
Java : Teysmatin. Queensland : Endeavour River, Banks and Solander,
11. Stemona AUSTRATiiANA, 0. H. Wright; scandens, foliis oblongis, acutis, basi rotundatis vel acutis.
Suffruticosus, Bcandens. Canlis Icviter striatus. Folia oblonga, acuta, basi rotundata vel acuta, 3-5 poll, longa, ^-1^ poll. lata. Pedunculi solitarii vel per paria in foliorum axillis, tenues, 6 lin. longi. Periantbii segmenta oblonga, angusta, acuta, 5 lin. longa, 1 lin. lata. Stamina 4 lin. longa, connectivo angusto.
Boxbnrghia javanica var. ? auntraliana, Benth., Fl. Austral., vii. p. 1, ex parte.
N. Australia : Port Endeavour, Armstrong.
12. S. parviflora, C. H. Wright; scandens, foliis altemis, floribus breviter pedunculatis parvis, perianthii segmentis late ovato-lanceolatis.
Frutex scandens, ramulis tenuibns striatis. Folia altema, lanceolata, acuta, 2 poll, longa, quinquenervia, nerviis trans- versalibus pluribus tenuissimis. Flores parvi, per 2-6 axillares, breviter pedicellati, bracteis minutis subulatis. Perianthii tegmenta late ovato-lanceolata, acuta, 9-nervia, 3-4 lin. longa. Stamina perianthii segmentis paullo breviora ; antherss parvas ; connectivum ultra antheram per 2 lineas productum. Ovarium ovatum, 2 lin. altum ; stigma sessile ; ovula 3, erecta.
China : Hainan, A. Henry, 8698.
This somewhat resembles 8. australiana, but has much smaller, shortly pedicellate flowers, with broadly ovate- lanceolate perianth segments.
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ITB. H. H. RIDLEY ON CTETANDRACE^ MALATBN8ES. 497
CTRTANDRACEiE Malayenses. Bj H. N. Ridlby, M.A., F.L.S. [Kead 4th April, 1895.]
Thb nnmber of plants belonging to tho Order Oyrtandraceca recorded from the Malayan Peninsula in the * Flora of British India * (vol. iv.) is yery small in comparison with the nnmber which are now known. The reason for this lies in the fact that the best localities, the hill districts of tbe interior, were, at the time the work was written, practically inaccessible to botanists, and these plants are nsnally so local that eyery hill range may be expected to produce new kinds. The richest locality I have visited is the Thaiping Hills, in Perak, where the roadside banks are often brilliant with the flowers of Btdymocarpiy DicUssandrce, and other plants of this order, but Mr. Curtis has found even a richer store in the Lankawi Islands, north of Penang. Here, where the rocks are of lime- stone, species of Bcea^ Ohirita^ and Didymocarptu abound. The extensive hill regions of the central range of the peninsula have not yet been explored, but there is little doubt but that they will add largely to our store of these plants, when they are opened up to collectors.
The peculiarly limited distribution of the species of Indian Didymocarpi has been pointed out by Mr. C. B. Clarke, in his Monograph (in DC. Monog. Phan., v. p. 5), and the same peculiarity holds here.
The j^Bchynanthx at present number eleven species, of which all but four occur also in Borneo, Samatra, and Java, two are also natives of Burmah and Siam, and two are endemic. The single species of Agahnyla which, like j^schynanthtis, has tailed seeds, occurs also in Java. Bhynchotechum is represented by a single species apparently identical with one from Java. The single species of Epithema is a native of Java, but if, as I think, the other Asiatic species are but forms of one, its distribution extends also over India, Ceylon, and the eastern islands as far as Timor and the Philippines, being perhaps the most widely distributed of any Asiatic species in the order. It stands alone in having a pyxis-capsule, the top of which falling off exposes the seeds, which are washed out by rain, or shaken out possibly by wind, and adhering by
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 K
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their roughened surfaces to rocks and stones readily germinate. This plant is the only one in the order which has established itself as a weed in the Botanic Gardens at Singapore, in the brickwork and rocks forming the walls of plant-houses.
The shrubby or half-shrubby Gyrtandras are represented by six species, of which three are known also from Sumatra or Java, and three are endemic. They have dry, dull-coloured, and inconspicuous corky fruits, full of small seeds. In 0. pen^ dula, Blume, the long peduncles hang down over the rocks, so that the head of fruits is often buried among the decaying leaves. The fruit is often devoured by some animals, perhaps mice, and possibly the seeds are dispersed in this manner.
Of the two species of Cyrtandromoeaf one occurs all over the peninsula and in Sumatra, and the other appears to be endemic.
Stauranthera is represented by two species, also known from Burmah and Assam respectively, but not from the Malayan Islands. The section Didymocarpem is far more localized in distribution, out of forty species of Didymocarptts and the closely allied Didissandra and Chirita, thirty- eight are confined to the Malay Peninsula ; one, Chirita viola, Ridl., occurs also in Siam as well as Lankawi, and two in Sumatra also. The single species of Phylhhcea and Monophyllcea are endemic, as are all the eight species of Bosa, five of which are peculiar to the Lankawi Islands.
The Didymocarpi are remarkably circumscribed in locality ; thus, of the numerous saxophilous species occurring on the Thaiping Hills, in Perak, I have not seen one from Mt. Ophir, in Malacca, nor Kedah Peak, nor from the Lankawi Islands, unless one excepts Bidymorcarpus cordata, Wall, of which a distinct form occurs in each of the first two localities. Mt. Ophir itself also produces D. semttata, C. B. Clarke, P. longipesy G. B. Glarke, and D. marginata, G. B. Clarke, which occur nowhere else, and, indeed, their area in this locality is exceedingly limited, the first named being confined to the wet slopes of rock over which the one or two streams run down the hill, at an altitude of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet; and 2). longipes, C. B. Clarke, is only to be met with in the drier parts of the woods adjacent to the streams.
The Didymocarpi, Didissandroe, and Chiritce have slender pods, which split along the upper margin, and expose the
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minate seeds lying, as it were, iu a trough formed by the spreading of the sides of the capsule.
In some species the base is broader (e.g., Didissandra quercifolia^ Ridl., Dtdymocarpuf ccsruletis, Bidl.), and tapers gradually to the apex. During rain the drops of wet collect in the upper part of the trough and run down to the point, sweeping the seeds before them, so that they are washed out of the trough and borne away over the rocks. As in most of the small-seeded rock plants of the wet jungles, the seeds are reticulate or roughened by processes, so that they adhere to the stone surfaces or in crevices, and are not washed down the streams and carried into the low country, as would be the case were they smooth and rounded.
The HeterobcBa section of Didymocarpus (D. crinita^ Jack, B, platypus, C. B. Clarke, <fcc.) are much more widely distributed, not only throughout the peninsula, but also beyond into Sumatra and Borneo. They usually inhabit the thicker jungles, where they grow upon the soil rather than on rocks.
To sum up the distribution of the whole, as far as is known, of 72 species, no less than 53 are endemic, but five occur also in Burma and Siaro, and 13 in the islands of the Malay Archipelago.
-^ESCHYNANTHUS LONGIFLORA, DC Prod,, ix. p. 262.
On trees overhanging streams. Tahan River, Pahang. The calyx is much more pubescent than is shown in the figure in the * Botanical Magazine,' t. 4328.
M. SPECIOSA, Hook., BoL Mag,, t. 4320.
Rare. Tomoh, Legeh Province {Machado). Bukit Hitam, in Selangor (H. J, KelsaU),
It is also a native of Java and Borneo.
M. PERAKEN8IS, Sp. UOV.
Caules crasse lignosi, bipedales, teretes. Folia coriacea, lanceolata, acuminata, 3-7 poll, longa, 1-2 poll, lata, carinata, canaliculata, enervia. Flores fasciculati, terminales, speciosi, pedicellis ferme ^ poll, longis. Bracte» ^ poll. longsB, subu- latae. Calyx glaber, laciniis linearihus disiantibui vix i poll, longis. Corolla rubra curva bipollicaris, parce puhescens, lobis brevibus oblongis obtusis. Stamina longe exserta, curva, glabra.
2 K 2
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Perak, on Gnnong Hijan ; Tbaiping Hills, at an altitude of 5,000 feet.
This is allied to ^. longifloraj DC, but differs in its very short smooth caljx lobes and subglabroas corolla and glabrous stamens. I have not seen the fruit.
-^EscHYNANTHUS MARMORATA, T. MooTB^ in Poxt. Flow. Gard,, iii. (1852-53) p. 56.
Siam, Bangtaphan, an epiphyte in earthy hollows in reclining^ trees (JDr, Keith) ; Lanka wi, on Gnnong Bay a (Curtis, 2142) ;. Penang, on Groyemment Hill.
This is also more abundant at Mergni than in Penang, according to Mr. Curtis. It has long been known in culti- vation, being the ^. zebrina of Van Hoatte's Cat. (1851).
jE. Motleyi, C B. Clarice, in PC Monogr, Than., v, p. 20.
Singapore, common, Choa Chu Kang, Kran ji, Selitar ; Perak,. Tea Gardens, Thaiping Hills.
This also occui-s in Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes, and Coram. It forms large tufts in trees in the jungles, especially near water. The stems hang down, and are purple in colour. The leave* are green above and bright pink beneath, with purple petioles. The calyx is deeply cleft, and the narrow lobes are as long as the corolla, and dark brownish purple. The corolla much resembles that of the preceding in colouring, being light green with a brownish purple bar within the margin, and a similarly coloured central line in the centre of each lobe. The stamens are brown. The capsule is slender, and 8 inches in length. The seeds cylindric brown, with a number of hairs at the bilum end and a single one at the apex. The leaves vary very much in shape, sometimes ovate and sometimes narrowly lanceolate acuminate at both ends.
M. {% HoLocALYx) Rhododendron, sp. nov.
Caules pedales vel Icmgiores, vab'di, glabri. Folia crassa,. wata, acuminata, 2 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, carnosa, evenosa, oarin& crass& elevatA. Flores magni, speciosi, axil lares vel terminates, plures, pedicellis ^ pollicaribus, omnino glabri ore corollad excepto. Calyx tuhuhsus, pollicaris, atropurpnreus, lobis snbacutis ^ poll, longis. Corolla extus glabra, 3 poll, longa, rubra, snperne dilatata, cnrva, lobis oblongis obtusis ^ pollicari- bus pubescentibus inferioribas a striis tribus atris omatis.
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MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CYRTANDRACE^ MALAYENSE8. 501
Stamina viz exserta, corollad lobos vix snperantia filamentis pnbescentibus. Capsula cylindrica, 4 pollicaris, in gjnophoro bipollicari gracili posita. Semina minuta, scahra^ hretnter monotricha.
Perak, Gunong Hijan, alt. 5,000 ! Pins River (Wray ! ) A beantifnl and showy plant with flowers like those of some Malayan Rhododendron. The capsule is borne on a long gynophore. The seeds very much resemble those of J57. micro- trichat C. B. Clarke, in DC. Monog. Phan., v. t. 3, they are brown, and bear short processes on the edge, and on a keel which runs down one side, and also on the opposite face ; the ends are drawn out into thin white linear acuminate processes.
jEschynanthus Lobbiana, Hook.j Bot. Mag,, t. 4260.
The commonest species in the peninsula, growing upon trees in wet jungle.
Singapore, abundant, Kranji, mangrove swamps, Chan Chu Kang ; Johore, Tana Runto, Jambu Larang {FeUding) ; Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Ayer Panas ; Perak, Thai ping Hills, up to 5,000 feet altitude ; Pahang, Kwantan ; Lankawi, Ounong Raya {Curtis) ; Kedah, Kedah Peak, 4,000 feet ; it is also a native of Borneo.
The form of the leaves varies a good deal as does their texture. The plants from the mountains such as Kedah Peak Mt. Ophir, and the Thaiping Hills, have much thicker and fleshier leaves, but I can hardly separate this form specifically.
JE. RADiCANS, Jack, in Trans, Linn. Soc, xiv. (1823) p. 43.
Less common than the last and more often to be found on rocks, though it also grows on trees overhanging streams.
Singapore, Kranji, mangrove swamps; Bukit Timah, on rocks; Malacca, Sungei Rambei, Selandor; Pahang, Tahan River.
Also occurs on the Island of Lingga (B, W, Hullett) ; Borneo (Haviland) ; Sumatra, and Java.
^, OBCONICA, (7. B. Clarke f in DC. Monog, Phan., v. p. 50.
On trees in dense wet jungle.
Johore, Simpai, Ulu Batu Pahat (Kelsall), Tangong, Kopang; Selangor, Kwala Lumpur; Perak, Batu Kuran {Curtis), Tea Gardens, Thaiping Hills, and Pangkoro, in the Bindings.
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As in ^. Lohbiana^ Hook., the foliage is verj variable, the leaves are sometimes narrowly lanceolate, 1^ inches long bj ^ inch wide, and sometimes more coriaceons and ovate 2^ inches long by 1-^ across. The calyx is dark red, the corolla as brilliant as that of JS. Lohhiana, Hook.
-^SCHTNANTHUS Wallichii, B. Br. in Benn., PL Jav, Bar,, p. 116.
On trees in thick jnngle.
Singapore, not rare, Chan Chn Kang, Kranji, Bnkit Mandai ; Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Lobh) ; Samatra (Korthals) ; Borneo, on Matang Hill.
The corolla is dark red, the calyx green.
-^. HiLDBBRANDii, Hemsl. ex Hook, /., Bot. Mag., t. 7365.
On the npper branches of a lofty tree, near the top of the Thaiping Hills, in Perak (June, 1893). The single specimen I obtained differed from the plant cultivated at Kew, in being more elongate and shrubby, rooting along the branch, but it appears to be otherwise identical.
Agalmyla staminea, Blume, Bijdr., p. 767.
Perak, Larut Hills, common on trees, twining round the stems ; also a native of Java.
A beautiful scarlet-flowered creeper. I have seen a large brown sunbird visiting the flowers and probably fertilizing them.
DiDissANDRA FRUTESCENS, C. B, Clarke, in DC. Monog. Phan,, V. p. 67.
On banks at about 1,000 feet and upwards.
Penang Hill (Curtis) ; Perak, Thaiping Hills ! ; Malacca (Oriffith) ; also a native of Sumatra.
D. sp.
I met with another fine species of this genus and of the same section (§ Cyrtandroides), in the woods of Gunong Panti, in Johore. It had fine crimson flowers; unfortunately all the flowers seem to have been lost, so I defer describing it.
The following four plants have quite the habit of some of the larger flowered Didymocarpi, but they have four complete stamens instead of two, and if Didissandra is to be retained as a genus for all Didymocarpi Didynamce, these should be included therein, but they have no other connection with the others in the genus.
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MB. H. N. BIDLET ON CTBTANDBACEJ! MALATENSES. 503
DiPISSAMDBA FLAMMEA, 8p. HOV.
Canlis bipollicaris, pnbescens, vix lignosus. Folia coDgesta, ad apicem oblonga, ohtusa^ supeme Iticida, cinereo viridia, glabra, margiue et nervis elevatis snbfcas hispidulis, 4 poll. loDga, 1^ lata, petiolo pabescente brevi. Scapas erectas, vali- dulas, 3 pollicaris, pauciflorusy pnrpareos, hispidos. Flores penduU, speciosi, pubescentes. Calyx lobis anguste lanceolatis acnminatis viridibas purpnreo hispidis | pollicaribns. Corolla hasi angustatd subito dilatatay cylindHca, aurantiaca, extas hispida, lobis baud recnryis brevibus rotondatis inferioribus panllo longioribos rubris. Stamina 4, 2 long^ora, filamentia graoilibns teretibns supeme bispidnlis albis, antheris globosis. Pifltillain album, pnbescens, rectnm, teres; stigma clavatum. Discos annnliformis, majoscalas. Capsnla breyiuscola, cjlin- drica, parpnrea, deflexa, 1^ poUicaris.
Legeh {A, D, Machado),
Two plants were bronght down bj Mr. Machado from the Legeh Goldmines, noHh of Truigann, and caltivated in the Botanic Grardens at Singapore. The stem is soft and not at all woody ; the leaves are of a cnrioas grey-green colour, smooth and polished above, but the somewhat impressed nerves give it a buUate appearance. The flowers are of a fiery orange with darker red apices, and very handsome. There are four fertile stamens, one pair longer than the other, but both shorter than the style, the anthers of each pair are joined together by their apices, as usual they are rounded and quite regular. The pistil is straight, the distinction between ovary and style not being marked, the stigma is gradually dilated and truncate. It is a difficult plant to propagate as it has not as yet fruited ; nor can it be propagated by leaf cuttings.
D. LATISEPALA, Sp. nOV.
Canlis lignosus, brevis. Folia in caul is apice congesta, oblonga, oblanceolata, acuta, ina3qnilatera, 7 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata vel minora, creTiatO'dentatay parce hispida^ petiolis polli- caribns cum caring et nervis a pilis rnfis longioribus tectis. Pednnculi axillares, 6 pollicares, hispidi. Flores pauci. Sepala ovata, obtusa, breina, glabra^ \ poll, longa. Corolla pollicaris, cylindrica, apicem versus panllo dilatata, glabra, lobis brevibus rotuudatis. Stamina 4, inclnsa, filamentis linearibus, antheris Rubglobosis. Pistillum glabrum, ovario in stylum attenuate.
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504 MB. H. N. RIDLEY ON CTBTANDBACEJE MALATENSES.
Stigma clavatam trancatnm. Gapsula hrevis, crassa, fiuiformisj ^ poll, longa.
Legeh {Machado).
I have only seen dried specimens of this. It is allied to J), ficummea, Ridl., and from the same locality, hut has smaller glabrous flowers, and shorter and thicker capsules. The leaves are also toothed, and usually sprinkled over with coarse hairs, while the petiole and midrib are covered with red hairs. The flowers look as if they had been purple.
DiDlSSANDBA ATBOPUBPUREA, Sp. nOV.
Gaulis bipollicaris, lignosus. Folia plura, in apicem congesta, lanceolata vel obovata, basibus attenuatis obscure crenata, iueoquilatera 4 poll, longa 1^ poll, lata, superne glabra, subtus in nervis elevatis-hirsuta petiolo 1-3 i pollicari hirsuto. Scapi erecti, glahri, purpurei, biflori, 3 pollicares. Flores ferme sessiles, hracteati ; bracteaB 2, ovat®, \ poll, long©, J lat», purpureaB. Calyx /erm€ ad hcLsin fissus ; lobi lanceolati, acnti, \ poll, longi, glabri. Corolla 2 poll, longa, ^ poll, lata (sicca) e basi brevi angnst^ dilatata, atropurpurea ; lobi breves rotun- dati, inferiore longiores. Stamina 4; filamenta recta, gracilia poUicaria ; anthersa oblongsB, appressae. Stylus subaequalis, crassus, glaber. Stigma clavatum. Capsnla (immatura) bipollicaris, crassa, apicem versus pauUo attenuata.
Perak, Hermitage Hill, on rocks !
A very fine plant with large purple flowers, more compact and leafy than the preceding ones.
D. QUERCIFOLU, Sp. nOV.
Caulis lignosus, 6-pollicaris vel minor, hispidus. Folia saepius plura, apicem versus cougesta, lanceolata^ runctnata, basi attenuata, atroviridia, supra glabra, suhtus glauca, carind et nervis hruneo-hispidulis petiolo pollicari vel minor e hispidoy lamin& 6-8 poll, longft, 2 poll. lat&. Peduuculi axillares, 6-pollicare8, parce hispidi. Flores 1-2, magni citrini ; bractese lanceatae, latae, hispidae. Calycis lobi late lanceolati, ohtusi, virides glabri. Corolla bipollicaris e basi angustat^ dilatato-cylindrica^ glabra, lobis brevibus rotundatis. Stamina ut in D. flammed, Ridl. Pistillum cylindricura ; stigma clavatum, omnino incln- sum. Capsula 3-pollicaris, glabra, teres, cylindrica.
Perak, Thaiping Hills, on banks.
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MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CYRTANDRACEJI MALATENSBS. 505
Easily recognised bj its oak-shaped leaves and lemon-yellow flowers. The upper part of the stem and midribs are covered with long brown hairs, bat the upper surface of the leaf is smooth, and of a deep green; the backs whitish-green. The calyx lobes are unusually broad and foliaceous. The corolla is primrose yellow. The capsule splits along one edge, forming a kind of gutter from which the seeds, lying loose, are wauhed out and carried away by a rush of rain.
A pretty and striking plant, but very local and very difficalt to cultivate.
DiDTMOCARPDS (§ Heterobcea) crinita, Jock^ in Malay, Mtsc, i. (1820) V. p. 1.
This is, I think, distinct from D. plaiypus, C. B. Clarke, the leaves are much narrower and softer, of a deep velvety green, and the flowers are almost always tinted with violet. It takes the place of the lowland D. plaiypiu, in the hill districts. It is called ** Sumhony Merah " by the natives.
Singapore (Walker in herb. Delessert) is probably a wrong localisation. It is common on Penang Hill, the Thaiping Hills in Perak, Tahan River Hills in Pahang, Kedah Peak, and Bukit Sulu in Sangei IJjong. It is a native, too, of Borneo (Sarawak), and Mr. Hullett collected it in Lingga.
D. PLATYPUS, G. B, Clarice^ in DC. Monog, Fhan., v. p. 94.
A broader-leayed, coarser plant, with rougher leaves of a light green. The flower is usually white, with yellow streaks in the throat, rarely tinted with violet. It grows in woods in the low country and is called " Julong Bimbah " by the natives.
It is abundant in Singapore, in Bokit Timah, Chan Chu Elang, <fec., and I have it also from Gunong Pulai and Bukit Murdom, and Kampong Simpai, in Johore; from Ayer Panas in Malacca, from Bukit Tumiang in Sungei Ujong, and from Kwala Lumpur in Selangor.
D. ATR08ANGUINEA, Eidl, in Trans. Linn, Soc.j Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 328.
This has somewhat the habit of V, crinitOy Jack, but with crimson flowers and a yellow throat.
It grows in woods in Pahang and Tringganu.
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506 MR. H. K. RIDLET ON CTRTANDRAGEiE MALATENSES.
DiDYMOCARPlJS QUINQUE7ULNBRA, Rldl.y Ix.
Is similar, bat with white flowers, with the lobes tipped with crimson or violet. Native of Pahang.
D. EjiMPSOBCBA, C.B, Clarke, in DC. Monog, Phan,y v. p. 92J Much resembles D. platyptM, G. B. Clarke, bat has a broader and shorter flower, and a broader and shorter capsule. It occurs in Pahang and also in Borneo.
D. iNJiQUALis, sp. nov.
Caulis lignosus, 5-pollicaris et ultra, ^ poll, crassus, bruneo- pubescens. Folia plura, altema diasita lanceolata inrnquilaterc^ petiolata, acuta^ serrata, basi attenuata, stypeme veliUina, subtus pubescentia (siccata), supeme fusca, subtus brunea, 5 poll, longa, 1^ pollices lata, vel minora ; petiolus pubescens, ^ poll, longus. Pedunculi axillares, 1^- pollicares, pubescentes. Flores in cymd congesti, magni, csBrulei, brevissime pedicellati. BracteaB linearis, ferme ^-pollicares. Calyx ^ poll, longus, pubescens, camipanulatus, lobis hreviter liberis Unearibus. Corolla pollicaris caerulea, tubo basi gracili apicem versus dilatato, lohis hrevibus rotundaits. Stamina 2, filamentis gracilibus longiusculis, antheris oblongis. Ovarium elongatum, cjlindricum. Stylus longus, gracilis, in stigma obconicum attenuatus. Capsula cylindrica, glabra, I^ poll, longa, apice acuminata.
Kedah, Qunong Chinchang, Sept. 1890 (Curtis, 2568). Flowers blue.
This is allied to D. crinita. Jack, but has much softer and less pubescent leaves, alternate and not crowded at the top of the stem as in that species. The calyx is very small in com- parison with the corolla, and the lobes of the latter are much shorter and more incurved, resembling those of Didissandra flammeaf mihi, and allied species. The leaves are very inaeqnilateral, one side of the lamina extending nearly ^ inch below the other.
D. (Sectio H£TER0B(Ea) caulis elongatus. Folia dissita. Flores minores, tubo longo.
D. ALBO-MARGiNATUS, HemsL in Joum, Bot, xxv. (1887) p. 204.
Perak, Thaiping Hills ; abundant.
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A pretty plant about a foot high, with a purple stem, dark green leaves with white edges and veins, and an erect peduncle bearing four or five nodding flowers, pinkish white outside and yellow within, with darker streaks in the throat. The stamens are white, with filaments gradually dilated in the middle ; there are also two rudimentary filaments hooked at the end.
DiDYMOCAEPUS HISPIDA, Sp. nOV.
Caulis 6-pollicarii vel altior, hispidus. Folia ovata aut lanceolata, petiolata, 3 poll, longa 1 poll, lata, subacuta, basi angustata, viridia, supeme scahrida, gubtus nervis et carind elevatis, margine hisjpidis ; petiolus ^-pollicaris. Pedunculi 1-2 erecti, 3 pollicares, hispidi. Flores 3—4, terminales, cymosi^ pedicellis htspidis -^ pollicaribus. Bractesa lineares j pollicares. Calyx ^ pollicaris lobis lanceolatis hispidis. Corolla pollicaris glabra alba in labio inferiore yiolaceo-striata, lobis superiori- bus ovatis subacutis, inferioribus longioribns, tubo recto. Stamina filamentis gracilibus ferme rectis baud incrassatis, antheris longiusculis, filamentis abortivis breviusculis clavatis 2. Pistillum pubescens, ovario fusiformi. Stylus distinctns teres. Stigma capitatum. Gapsula 1^ pollicaris, recta, cylindrica.
Perak, Thaiping Hills, Gunong Hijan (Curtis 2037).
This species only occurs in the upper part of this hill. It is a rough hispid plant, with fairly large white flowers streaked with violet in the throat. The flowers are clustered on the top of the peduncle, not racemose as in the preceding, and there are sometimes additional branches springing from the terminal cluster. The stamens lie in the flower to one side of the stigma, which does not pass through them or behind them as in many species.
D. FLAVA, sp. nov.
Caulis pedalis, scabridus. Folia 3 poll, longa 1^ poll, lata, lanceolata, acuta, basi attenuata, denticulata, scabrida, subtus nervis elevatis pilis brevibus appressis tectis, petiolis ^ polli- caribus. Cymsa axillares et snbterminales ; pedunculi kispiduU 1-2 pollicares ; pedicelli ^pollicares. Cyma 4-5-flora. Calyx brevis lobis hisptdulis lanceoUUis subobtusis. Corolla }-poll. longa glabrescens, flava, tubo longo lobis breviusculis obtusis. Stylus gracilis, com ovario cylindrico pubescens. Capsula If pollicaris teres, hispidula.
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508 MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CTRTANDRACE^ MALATENSES.
Perak, Tbaiping Hills, to 6,000 feet alt.
Eaailj distiiignislied by its leaves, rough with short appressed hairs on the veins beneath, and scabrid with minute papill® elsewhere, and by its yellow flowers.
DiDTMOCARPUS CITRINA, Sp. nOV.
Planta debilis habitu D. cordatoe, Caales virides, debiles, circiter pedales, albo-pubescentes. Folia mollta, ovata vel ovato- lanceolata, crenulata, velutina, nervis 5-6 impressa, petiolis 3-pollicaribus angnlatis. Panicalad axiUareSj 3-pollicares, basi pubescentes, supeme gracilos, glabrae. Pedicelli ^1 pollicares teretes, glabri. Bractess cordatce^ ovatce acutcE^ferme amplexi- cauleSj politcB, virides, rubro-marginatoe. Calycis lohi triangulares, stellatim patentee, glabri, rigidi, virides rabro-marginate. Corolla citrina dependens ; tubas pollicaris tnfundibuUformis, basi angus- tato ore ^ poll, lata, dilatata lobis superioribus late rotundatis brevibns recurvis, inferioribus majoribus. Stamina inclnsa, antheris subtriangularibus, filamentis sinuatis glabris. Pistillum teres, validulum, apice angustatum, pubescens, ^ pollicare. Stigma peltatum. Capsula pollicaris, gracilis.
On rocks on Kedah Peak, alt. 3,000 feet.
A weak herb of the habit of the weak form of D. cordata^ Wall., but with trnmpet-shaped flowers, somewhat resembling those of D. longtpes, C. B. Clarke. It is allied to the following.
D. CORCHORIFOLIA, Wall List, n. 792; B. Br. in Benn,, PL Jav, Bar., p. 119.
Penang, Moniot's Road (Curtis, 1239).
D. PURPUREA, sp. nov.
Caulis 12-18-pollicari8, pabescens. Folia rigidiora, velutina, ovata, crenulata, acuta, ineequilatera, 4 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, petiole J-^-pollicaris. Pedunculus erectus, terminalis, 3-pollicaris, glaber. Panicula striata, 4-pollicaris, ramis gra- cilibus. Bractesa parva, ovatce. Calyx stellatim patens, lobis ovatis glabris brevibus. Corolla pollicaris tvbulosa, basi angustata, faucem versus dilatata, purpurea, lobis obtusis, inferioribus longioribus. Stamina 2, inclnsa. Capsula stipitata, i pollicaris, glabra, cylindrica.
Kedah, Gunong Chinchang, 1,000-1,500 feet alt., September, 1890 (2567) Curtis (v. sice).
This is near D. citrina, Ridl., but has firmer, larger, velvety leaves, a more strict panicle and claret-coloured flowers.
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MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CTRTANDRACBiE MALAYBNSKS. 609
DiDTMOCARPUS VIOLACEA, sp. nOV.
Rhizoma breve. Canlis pollicaris, dense lanuginosus. Folia plara, valde inaaqnalia, ovata vel lanceolata acuta, obltqua^ dentata, sessilia vel petiolata (petiolo bipollicari) dense moUiter hispidula sabtns nervis exceptis glabriora 2-8 poll, longa 1^2^ poll, lata, basin versos attenuata. Panicolaa lateralesy 2-5 pollicarefl, laxm, ramis graoilibus parce pubesoentibos. Flores plures, violacei, mediocres. Caljeis lobi oblongi lanceolati ^ - pollicares, virides, glabri. Corolla tnbtdosa, dilatata, obliqua, ^ poll, longa, violacea, lobis saperioribns oblongis erecto - recnrvis breviuscnlis, inferioribus ^ poll, longiorihtLS, Stamina 2, filamentis tennibus graoilibus glabris hand dilatatis. Pistillam longum, stylos multo brevior ovario elongato tereti. Stigma clavatom. Capsola glabra, ojlindriea, J pollicaris.
Perak, Hermitage Hill, alt. 5,000 feet, on rocks in a stream (2909).
A tofted plant witb a sbort rhizome and densely softly hairy foliage and short lax panicles of pretty violet flowers darkest at the mouth. The corolla is trompet-shaped and curved, the lower lip being much the longest.
D. PTROLiFLORA, Bidl. in Trans. Linn, Soc,, Ser. II. (Bot,) iii. (1893) p. 330.
Pahang.
May perhaps be referred here temporarily. The habit is that of the group, but the flowers are bell-shaped and short, with the style far exserted.
D. FLAYOBRUNNEA, EtdZ., Z.c, p. 329, belongs to the same section.
Pahang, Tahan Biver Woods.
D. LONOiPKS, 0. B. Olarke, in DO. Monog. Phan., v. p. 86.
This is common on Mt. Ophir, and is classed by Mr. Clarke with Didymanthi. It is difficult to find any species really nearly allied to this. It has a stout, often short, woody stem and large obovate or spathulate leaves at the top in a rosette, deep green above and purple beneath, and pendent lemon- yellow flowers. Calyx and peduncle purple with lateral stamens with short filaments. The corolla is pubescent. The flowers are quite those of D. dtbo-marginatay Hemsl. It inhabits the
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510 MR. H. N. BIDLET ON CTBTANDBACEiE MALATENSES.
rockj dry woods a little below Padang Bata, on Mt. Ophir, and also on tlie other spur of the same range known as Ounong Mering.
Sectio K0MPS0B(EA.
This section contains a number of small allied species with short stems and congested leaves, and distinctly though often shortly tubular flowers, but D. Kompsohma^ C. B. Clarke, with its large solitary flowers so closely resembling D. platypus^
C. B. Clarke, which is referred to Heterohma, appears to me out of place with such plants as D, bullataf C. B. Clarke, and
D, reticvlosa^ C. B. Clarke. I think a good section can be formed of these small species, of which there are a number in Borneo and a few in the mountain woods of our peninsula. Among them I would include D. heterophyUa, Bidl., from Pahang, which has also been collected on Gunong Junong, in Johore, by Lieut. Kelsall, and the following, which, however, has a thicker tapering capsule and a flower more like that ol D. semitorta, C. B. Clarke.
DlDTMOCARPOS PUNCTICULATA, Sp. nOV.
Subacaulis. Folia congesta, elliptica vel obcunecUa vel ferme oblanceolata, petiolata^ ineequilatera, basi truncata, crenata, hispiday 3 poll, longa 1^ poll, lata vel minora, nervis subtus elevatis hispidis ; petiolis ^-1^ poll, longis hispidis. Pedicelli axillares gp^acillimi 3-pollicares, in fructu seepe incrassati, hispidnli. Calycis lobi lanceolati, acuti, ^ poll, longi, hispiduli. Corolla i polUcaris^ extus hispida violacea ; labium iuferius obliquum longius, lobis oblongis obtusis. Stamina filamentis crassis oblongis brevibus, antheris conicis scutiformibus magnxs. Stylus gracilis, longior, pubescens. Capsula ^-pollicaris, eras- siiiscula, snpeme dehiscens, hispidula, placentis hispidis. Semina minuta fusiformia oblonga, cylindrica, reticulata.
Johore, on Gunong Panti, on rocks (December, 1892).
This differs from D. heterophylla^ Ridl., in the distinctly polished hairy leaves, which are broadest towards the apex, the larger flowers with very large anthers, and the broader thicker fruits. The leaves are puncticulate all over besides being sprinkled with hairs.
D. (§ DlDTMANTHUS) LAXA, Sp. UOV.
Caulis brevis^ lignosus, tomentosus, pollicaris. Folia apice congesta, inaequalia, patentia, obovatOy crenata, obtusa, basi
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attermaia^ dense hispida, ad 6 poll, longa, 8 lata, nervis distioctis petiolo piano lato. Pednnculi laterales, graciles, 6 pollicares, snpeme glabri. Panicnla patenSf ramis tenuibus fasciculatU, Flores explanati, albi roseo-tincti. Calycis lobi lanceati, perparvi. Corolla distincte bilahiata, tubo hrevi ^ poll, lato, lobis 2 snperioribus ovatis recnrvis ; labium inferins trilobum, lobis lateralibus breviter acntis medio latiore obtnso. Stamina filamentis in medio incrassatis virescentibns ; antheris oblongis connatis flavis. Pistillnm longins, crassnm ; ovarium in stjlum attenuatum. Stigma parvum, capitatum. Gapsula (immatura) longa tenuis pollicaris.
Lankawi {Curtis, 2571).
This bas a short woody stem ending in a tuft of leaves, dark green with large crenulations. The flowers are very short tubed and spread widely, and are distinctly bilabiate. They are white or pale lilac.
DiDTMOCABPUS (§ Reptantes) beptans, Jocky in Malay Misc., i. (1820) V. p. 3.
Penang, Pulau Butonp {Curtis, 1706). Also collected in Penang by Wallich, Lobb, and others; and in Java by Zollinger.
Var. MONTICOLA, BidL D. producta, C. B. Clarke, in DC. Monog. Phan., v. p. 96.
Gracilior, longius repens, 1^ pedalis vel ultra. Folia lanceolata, acuta, basi in petiolum attenuata, 2 poll, longa, f poll, lata, ciliis longioribus sespissime rufescentibus.
Perak, Larut Hills, 1-2,000 feet alt. Lumut, in the Bindings, Hermitage HiU.
Sungei Ujong, Bukit Tumiang, Bukit Sulu.
Also Sumatra {Horsfield, in Herb. Brit. Mus. !).
A very different looking plant, often growing in masses on banks. The shoots are covered with a dense mass of hairs of a reddish colour when dry, and the whole plant is more straggling and has very narrow leaves. In one plant the leaves are glabrous except the edges and midrib, and the flowers also vary much as to indumentum.
The two plants D, reptans, Jack, and D. producta, C. B. Clarke, however, pass into each other, and are, I think, mere forms.
It is called ^^ Eugum Bukit" ^^ Bunga Jaram Bukit" and
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512 MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CTRTANDRACEJB MALATBNSBS.
" Akar Sumpuh Darat " (i.e., dysentery creeper), a decoction of the roots being used for that disease.
DiDYMOCARPUS MARGINATA, C. B, Clarke, in DC. Monog. Phan,^ V. p. 96.
Malacca. lu woods on the slopes of Mt. Ophir (n. 3185). Also collected by Lobb in Malacca.
Flowers purple and white.
D. ASCENDBNS, Sp. nOY.
Caulis ascendensj superne sericens panci-ramosos, 4-6 poUi- cans, ramis 2 poll, longis. Folia ramomm apices versus plerumque congesta, ovata, Integra, suhacuta^ basi acnminata petiolata, atroYiridia sericea, margine albo sericeo, laminll 1^ poll. long&, 1 poll, lata, petiole pollicari (infoliis inferioribus), snp^me minore. Flores aurantiaci in a^llis terminaltbus solitarii, pedicellis f pollicaribus sericeis, bracteis ^ poll, longis linearibns sericeis. Sepal a libera linearia acuminata sericea. Corolla tubulosa superne dilatata pubescens, lobis subaequalibns rotundatis. Stamina 2 filamentis longis crassis undatis, glabris, antheris triangularibus obtusis. Pistillum pubescens, ovarium cylindricum in stylum longum attenuatum, stigma ovato- triangulare. Capsula non visa.
Perak, at Tapa {Dr. Haviland).
This has a prostrate stem, rooting at intervals, the upper part ascending. The leaves are crowded on the ends of the spreading branches, and a few rather larger with longer petioles grow in pairs beneath the branches. Stem and leaves are covered with a white, silky pubescence, which is longest on the younger parts and on the edges of the laminee. The flowers are long for the size of the plant, YYith a somewhat slender tube dilated above ; they are rather short stalked.
In habit I do not know any species exactly like this.
D. (§ LoxocARPUs) SEMiTORTA, C. B. Clarke^ in DC. Monog. Phan., V. p. 99.
Malacca, on Mt. Ophir. Abundant on the rocks in streams. The flowers are pale violet or white, with darker streaks in the thi-oat.
D. (§ LoxocARPUs) INCANA, Benth. and Hook. /., ex C. B. Clarke^ in DC. Monog. Phan., v. p. 98. Penang Hill, on rocks. " Singapore, Lobb in Herb. Kew," is evidently an error.
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Lobb doubtless got tbe plant at Penang, wbere it is common. The flowers are pale blue.
DiDYMOCARPDS (§ LOXOCARPUS) SERICEA, Sp. nOV.
Herba pusilla, sabacaulis. Folia plura lanceolata, acuta, petiolata sericca, lamin& 1 poll. long4, ^ poll. lat&, petiolo ^ pollicari. Scapi graciles, hipollicares, sericei^ floribus 2-3 apicalibus parvis. Bracteae sericeae, ^ pollicares. Pedicelli graciles, ^ pollicares. Flos ^ poll, longns, campanvlatusy minute pubescens, subregularts. Stamina filamentis breviusculis, antheris ovoideis crassis. Stylus longus, tenuis, } pollicaris, eorollam superans. Capsula brevis, laticeolata, recta, glabra, § poll, longa, pedicello incrassato elongato.
Lingga (Naiive collector !) (B. W, Hullett ; v. sice).
A small, tufted plant, with narrow, silky leaves and very small flowers. The style is longer than the corolla, which is unusual. The capsule is like that of B, tncana, but narrower, smaller, and glabrous.
D. (§ LoxocARPUs) CiEttULEA, sp. nov.
Fere acaulis. Folia plura, ovata, basi cardata in8Bquilatei*a subacnta, longe petiolata, petiolis ad 8 pollicaribus pubes* centibus, laminis cordatis ovatis denticulatis ad 6 poll, longis 4 poll, latis supeme sericeis, subtus tomentosis nervis con- spicuis elevatis. Pedunculi usque ad peddles hispiduli, viscidi ; cymce saspe compactce, viscidae. Flores plures, bracteis lanceo- latis angustis. Calycis lobi lanceolati angusti, corollae tubo breviores. Corolla f poll, longa et lata, cadrulea (ore violaceo) pubescens bilabiata, lobis superioribns oblong^s obtusis, inferion- bns truncatis medio longiore, tubo brevi lato campannlato. Stamina exserta filamentis in medio subito incrassatis flavis sigmoideis, antheris connatis atro-yiolaeeis. Ovarium breve, crassum, oblongum ; stylus tenuis ; stigma parvum. Capsala S~i pollicaris, lanceolata sursum curva acuta viscida.
Perak, Larut Hills ; abundant at 5,000 feet alt. Selangor, Bukit Hitam (Kelsall).
A very beautiful plant covering the rocks. The leaves are gray, silky, and very soft ; the flowers in tall peduncles, in cymes often compact ; the whole head of flowers being viscid from glandular hairs. The flowers are pale cobalt blue, with a darker, more violet, eye. The stamens are bent sigmoidly and swollen at the point where they emerge from the tube, the
LINN. JOCRN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 L
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upper and lower portions being slender and white. The capsule is boat-shaped, the apex curved up, and, like the rest of the flower, it is covered with glandular hairs.
The plant varies very much in size. It is allied to I), incana^ Benth. and Hook, f., but that has much shorter, almost ovate, fruit.
DiDTMOCARPUS (§ DiDTMANTHUS) CORDATA, WoU. Lid, n. 781,
B. Br. in Benn., PL Jav. Ba/r,, p. 119.
Penang Hill, Perak, Maxwell's Hill, Thaiping; abundant.
A rather tall plant, with a spreading panicle of white or violet tinted flowers ; inhabiting rocks.
Var. DBBiLis, var. nov.
Bhizoma camosum. Gaules debiles, 6 pollicares, pubescentes. Folia tenuia, ovata, basi obtusa, obliqaa, crenato-dentata, acuta vel subacuta, sparse hispida, 1^-4 poll, longa, 1-2 poll, lata, petiolo tenui pollicari. Scapus 4-6 pollicaris glaber, debilis. Panicula parva, pauci-ramosa, ramis tenuibns breyibns. Bractese ovatce. Flores albi iis forma) tjpicsB minores.
Kedah Peak, on rocks.
Var. OPHiRENSis, var. nov.
Elata, debilis. Folia tenuia, lanceolata subacuta vel acuta, basi attenuata, 6 poll, longa, 2 poll. lata. Panicula debiles. erecta, glabra, ramis tenuibns glabris, hracteis lanceolatis. Flores albi, quam in form& tjpic^ minores.
Malacca, on Mt. Ophir, on a big cliff in the jungle.
These two varieties seem peculiar to these two spots. I never saw the typical large form with them. Both localities are damp cliffs in thick wet jungle, and in both forms the plant is weaker, thinner, less pubescent, and smaller flowered than the Perak one.
D. (§ Salicini).
Of these small, shoi't flowered species with narrow willow leaves crowded at the top of a short woody stem, I have three from the peninsula, viz. : —
D. SALICINA, BicU. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., Ser. IL (^Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 329. With very small pink flowers; from the Tahan B.iver.
D. PECTINATA, C. B. Clarke, ex Oliver, in Hook., Ic. PI, t. 224*6. With white flowers ; from Perak and Selangor, where it has lately been found by Mt'. Kelsall. .
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Also another species with quite entire leaves, winged to the base of the petiole and ferraginously wooUj peduncles, of which I have not yet seen flowers, from Gnnong Janeng, in Johore, where Mr. H. J. Kelsall collected it.
DiDYMOjCARPUS LiLACiNA, Bldl. in Trans. Linn. Soc.y Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 330.
May from the form of its flowers have some affinity with the Salicince. 1 do not know any other plant really near it.
D. (§ Salicini) dentata, sp. nov.
Canlis 6-pollicari8, gracilis, lignosns, basi longe nudos. Folia apicem versus conges ta, linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, angusta, longe acuminata^ serrata (dentihus longis) 6 poll, longa, \ poll, lata vel minora, glabra. Pedunculi graciles, rubri, pubes- centes, 2-pollicaris, pauciflori. Flores parvi, lilacini, \ poll, longi. Sepala linearia puhesceniiu, cum ^ parte coroUee tequilonga, libera. Corolla campanulata, brevis, lata, lobis brevibus. Stamina 2, filamentis crassiuscnlis latis rectis, antheris pro flore magnis. Ovarium cyliudricum in stylum longum exsertum curvum atteuuaturo, glabrum. Gapsnla f pollicaris, gracilis acuminata recta.
Lingga (i2. W\ Rullett).
A. very pretty little plant with the leaves much less deeply cut than D. pectinatOy C. B. Clarke, to which it is allied. The leaves are narrowed at the base, dilating towards the middle, and ending in a long tapering point, they are edged with narrow teeth ^ of an inch long, pointing forwards. The nerves run to the lower edge of the teeth.
D. REGQLAKIS, sp. nOV.
Caulis 1^ poll, longus, glaber, lignosus. Folia, c^fdce congesta, valde intequalia, oblonga lanoeolata^ obtusa, inesquilatera glabra crenulatay impressivenia, atroviridia, Incida, purpurea minute tomentosa 3-polI. longa, 1^ poll, lata, nei'vis subtus elevatis, petiolo 1^ poUicari bmneo-tomentoso. Pedunculi azillares, pollicares, graciles, pnbescentes foliis breviores. Panicula compactay parlay pauci-ramosa, ramis brevibus. Flores per parvi, albi, brevissime pedicellati. Calyx tubo corollm cequi- longuSy laciniis lanceolatis bruneo-tomentosis. Corolla vix ^ poll, lata, lobis oblongis obtusis cequalibus. Stamina 2, filamentis sigmoid^is crassiuscnlis albis, antheris rotundatis
2 L 2
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516 MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CYRTANDEACE^ MALATEN8ES.
oYoideis flaYis appressis. Pistillun album ; OYarinm cjlln- dricam ; stylas arcnatns Yalidulns ; stigma parYtun, capitatam. Capsula ^pollicaris, teres, scabrida.
Lanka wi (C. Curtis, v.y.).
A Yerj cnrioas little plant, with a readilj branching stem, polished dark green leaYes, with the nenres all impressed so as to giYe them a reticulate appearance, and numerous short peduncles, bearing Yerj short panicles of very small snow-white flowers with a very short tube and perfectly regular limb ; all tbo lobes being equal in length and rounded at the apex. I can refer it to no section.
ClciRiTA, Buch,'Ham,
It is by no means easy to separate this genus from Bidy- mocarpus except by the (often obscurely) lobed style. The species included, like those of the genus Boea^ are almost all natiYes of limestone rocks.
C. CALiGiNOSA, C B, Glarhey in DC. Monog. Than., y. p. 122.
Selangor, on the limestone rockn at Kwala Lumpur ; Beccari*s locality is said to be Klang, but from the nature of that country it is probable that this is an error, especially as some other plants which grow with this plant {e.g., § Monophyllced) are also recorded from Klang. The flowers are of a beautiful azure blue.
C. YIOLA, sp. noY.
Herbacea, 2-10 pollicaris, pubescens, caule purpureo. Folia inaequalia, 2-6 poll, longa, 1^-3 poll, lata, OYata, crenata Yel serrata, Yel ferme integra, acata, petiolo ^ pollicari. Cymaa breves, pauciflorce. Flores parvi, Yiolacei, pedicellis -J-polli- caribus. Calyx ferme ^ pollicaris, lobis eequalibus lanceolatfs acutis hispidis. Corolla f pollicaris, pubescens, limbo ^ poll, lato, tabo basi angusto, tunc dilatato, lobis superioribus breYJbns rotundatis, inferioribus majoribus OYatis obtnsis, medio longiore, elliptico, Yiolaceis striis obscnrioribus ; faace in labio superiore a pilis glandulosis flavis munito. Stamina 2, paullo exserta, fllamentis crassiusculis ; antheris flavis, OYoi- deis, connectiYO inci^assato, maculfl nigri in medio utriusque loeuli, basibas ciliatis. Ovarium in stylum attenuatum, pubes- cens. Stigma oblique bifidum, lobis linearibDS obtnsis.
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Capsula teres, acuta, stylo terminata, 1^ poll, longa, minute pubeseens.
Siam, Bangtaphan, in recesses of the rock, Buddhists' Cave (Dr. Keith).
Lankawi (Curtis, n. 2570).
I have had this under cultivation for some time. The plant lives only till it has flowered, and then dies down, but is easily reproduced by seeds. It is usually very small, but may attain a height of 4 inches. The flowers are exactly the colour of those of a violet, and from a front view qaite suggest its appearance. The corolla is narrowly tubular at the base and somewhat abruptly bent, where it dilates into a trumpet shape. The lobes are most unequal, violet, with a yellow eye, and darker streaks radiating from it. The eye is formed by a large number of curiously-shaped trichomes, narrow at the base, then gradually swelling out in the middle, and tapering again to the end, where they terminate in a glandular body. The stamens are attached at the month of the corolla tube, so that they project beyond it. The anthers have the connective carried along the back in the form of a roanded keel, there is a black spot on each of the loculi ; the base of the anther is furnished with white hairs.
The Lankawi specimens are much more drawn up than those I have under cultivation in Singapore, and more branched.
Chirita mollissima, sp. nov.
Subacaulis. Folia conges ta, lanceolata, acuta, minute obscure serrata, argenteo-tomentosa, 6-^ poll, longa, 1^2 poll. lata. Flores pedicellati, nutantes, axillares, paucae, speciosce, pedicellis pollicaribus crassiusculis lanatis. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, soqualia, ^ poll, longa, tomentosa. Corolla infundibuUformis ultra pollicaris, oblonga, obtusa, lobis superioribus breviusculis rotundatis violaceis, inferioribus latioribus medio longiore tubo et fauce albo, pilis glandulosis supra anthera^ sit is. Stamina 2, filamentis latis curvis, antheris latis crassis. Pistillum pubeseens, smaragdinum, paullo exsertam, ovario cylindrioo in stylum attenuate; stigma bilobum, pubes- eens, decurvum. Capsula pollicaris, lata, crassa, glabra, vel pubeseens.
Siam, Pungah {Curtis, n. 2944).
Under the same number, I have from Mr. Curtis a somewhat
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similar plant with a well-deyeloped stem, with rather remote leaves, and a long, slender capsnle, pubescent, but not ripe. This may be a distinct species, bnt the flowers appear similar, and Mr. Curtis thinks it is identical.
ChIRITA ? ELATA, Sp. HOV.
Planta 2'pedalis. Caulis hispidus, angulatus, ramosus. Folia 3-6 poll, longa, 1^3 poll, lata, ovata^ inaequilatera, acuta^ denticulata, petiolata, dissita, hispidula nervis elevatis hispidioribus, petiolis gracilibus pollicaribus. Paniculte laierales, patentes, pauci ramosce^ 3-pollicares, ramis hispidulis. Flores mediocres, purpurei. Sepala lanceolata acuminata, brevia, hispidula, ^ pollicaria. Corolla tnfundihulifomiisy pollicaris, purpurea, ore ^ poll, lato hispida lobis brevibus rotundatis; labia subaequalia. Stamina 2, filameniis gracilibus, antbcris oblongis. Pistillum pubescens. Ovarium breve, in stylnm attenuatum. Capsula gracilis, recta, cylindrica (immatura).
Perak, banks on the Thaiping Hills (H. N. Ridley, 2911 ; 0. Curtis, 2038).
Rather a coarse large plant, with axillary panicles of claret- coloured flowers. It has more of the habit of Bidissandrce of the 2>. frutescens group, but has but two fully-developed stamens.
B(EA SUPFRUTICOSA, Sp. UOV.
Frutex ramosa, 1-2 pedalis, caulibas ^ poll, crassis parce arachnoideis angulatis. Folia dissita, lanceolata, suhacuia, basi attenuata, 3 poll, louga, ^ poll, lata, supeme ferme glabra punc- tata (in sicca fusca), subtus brunescentia albida arachnoidea ; petioU ^^ pcllicares. Pauiculte axillares, pollicares, ramis brevibus arachnoideis. Alabastra pallide cinnamomeo-arach- noidea. Calyx coroUce tuho longiar, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis crassis extus toroentosis. Corolla ^-^ poll, lata, alba, lobis brevibus oblongis rotundatis. Antheres obloDgoB obtusse, stylus glaber, apice attenaatus CDrvus. Capsula crasse fusifurmis, j- pollicaris, a stylo gracili aequiiongo terminata.
Lankawi, on small island (Curtis, 2565).
This seems to form a regular small bush, very unlike the habit of f\ny of the other species. The small white flowers and the short thick capsule half covered by the calyx are remarkable points about it.
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B<£A AGUTIFOLIAy f>p. BOY.
Caalis l%gno$uSt 3 poUicaris vel ultra, ^ poll, crassns, internodiis i pollicaribus. Folia apieem Tersns coDgeBta, oblanceolaia, acuta^ basi in petiolam attennata 6 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, supeme Bigricantia punctata glabray suhtus einnamomea arachnoidea, PanicalflB axillares, 6 pollicares, peduncnlis arachnoideis, ramis gracilibnB brevibns. Sepala tria lanceolata, acuta, ^ pollicaria, arachnoidea. Gapsula f pollicaris, cylindrica, acuta, glabra, torta.
Lankawi, Goa Chinta (GurtU, 2791).
A distinct plant with rather narrow acute leaves coyered beneath with a brown webbj tomentum. The specimens are all in fruit.
B. VERTICILLATA, Sp. UOV.
Caul is lignosus, 3 pollicaris et ultra, ferme I poll, crassus, annnlatus. Folia verticiUata, lanceolata, acuminata basi in petiolum attennata, 4 poll. longa, | poll, lata vel majora, supra griseo-arachnoideoy subtus nervis elevatis, albo-arachnoidea. Panicula terminalts Upedaliit ; rhachis quadrangularis albo-arach- noidea ; rami verticillati, remotiy 3 poll, vel minus dissiti, 4 in verticillo. Bractew foliacesD \-^ poll. longsD. Flores plures. Sepala lanceolata subulata arachnoidea, ^ poUicaria. Corolla caerulea, brevituba, lobis rotundatis latis | poll, latis. Stamina filamentis perbrevibus, antheris pjriformibus. Stylus multo longior rectus. Stigma capitatum. Gapsula fusiformis, ^ pollicaris, acaminata.
Selangor, on limestone rocks at Kwala Lumpur (KelsaU^^, This has a cylindric woody stem marked with rings wliere the whorls of leaves have fallen off. The stem above the leaves ends in a four-angled stalk bearing distant whorls of short branches. It must be a handsome plant in iower.
B. PANICOLATA, Sp. nov.
Caulis crassus, a basibus foliorum delapsorum intectus 4 poll, longus et ultra, ^ poll, crassus. Folia pUirima, apice congesta, lanceolata, acuminaia, basi long^ attennata, 6 poll, longa, 1 poll, lata, supeme grisea arachnoidea^ subtus griseo-aXha, nervis elevatis cinnamomeis. Panicula pedalis vel longior, ramis verticillatis 6 pollicaribus erectis bruneo tomentosis angulatis, rhachide crassi profunde canaUculatd, albo-arachnoide&. Bracte® ad verticillos 4-5, foliaceee. Flores plurimi, pedicellati, pedicellis semi-poUi-
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caribus. Sepala brevia lanceolata, pabescentia ^ pollicnria. Corolla tnbo brevissimo, lobis rotundatis magnUy \ poll, long^s, glahris cieraleis. Stamina filamentis brevibos crassis \ polli- caribus, antberis ^ poll, latis. Stylus arcaatnB, j- pollicarie. Capsula f poll, longa, crassa, a stylo ^ pollicari terminata.
Selangor, on the limestone rocks, Kwala Lumpur (Kelsall ! Ridley, 1970, 1976).
This is a very fine plant. Like so many other species of the genus, it has the leaves covered with an arachnoid pubescence, which has a cinnamon colour on the backs of the younger leaves on the base. The panicle is very large and the branches are arranged in whorls, the main axis is white and deeply channelled. The flowers, according to Mr. Kelsall, are of a fine blue.
B(£A LANATA, Sp. UOV.
Caulis crassus, 2 ]colL longus vel ultra, dense lanatus. Folia congesta, lanceolata acuminata longe petiolata, basi'in petiolum attenuata ; lamina 3 poll, longa, | poll, lata, superiie aracbnoidea, subtas albo lanata, petiole 3 pollicari alato. Paniculte axillares, compactcBj paucxramoscBy pollicem longse ; pedttnculi 3-1 polli- cares lanati. Calyx tubo corollce cequalisy lobis lanceolatis extus lanatU, Corolla tenuis ^-J poUicaris glabra, rosea, lobis rotun- datis. AnthersB subglobosae ; stylus crassiusculus ; stigma capita tum. Capsula \ poUicaris, crass iuscula, valde torta, glabra.
Lankawi, near Dajong Bonting, on almost bare rocks, September, 1890 {CuHis, 2569), called '' Chapah** by the natives.
A very woolly plant with comparatively thin textured rosy flowers and narrow long petioled leaves.
B. PATENS, sp. nov.
Subacaulis. Folia rosulata, oblonga, obtusa, serrulata-crenulata, ineequilatera, petiolata, 4-6 poll, longa, 2-3 poll, lata (petiolo pollicari) supeme moUiter puhescentia subtus pallide ferrugineo- tomentosa, Pedunculus validus, teres, 18 poll, altus molliter ferrngineo-lanatufl, ramis longis divaricatis bifurcatis. Bracteie primariee oblongse, \ pollicares, secundariaB minores. Cymulae scorpioidece, paucifloroe. Ylores parvi, albi, ^ poll, lati, pedicellis ^ poll, longis. Sepala ferme ad basi libera, brevia, lanceolata, acuta, glabra. Corolla campanulata glabra, lobis 2 oblougis
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obtusis, 8 ovatis obtusis breyioribus et latioribus. Stamina filamentis brevibna gracilibus curvatis tubo adqualibus, antheris magnis oblongis. PistiUum glabmm ovario cjlindrico in etjlum gracilem paullo exsertum attenuate. Stigma parvnm, vis dilatatam. Capsnla ^ pollicaris, glabra, gracillima. Siam, Punga (Guriu),
A. herb with a short subterranean stem and a rosette of a few soft woolly leaves, velvety above. The inflorescence appears terminal, it consists of a tall woolly stem bifurcating at the apex into two arms, about 6 inches long, which bifurcate again three times, below each bifurcation there is an additional pair of short slender branches. The flowers are quite small, and the capsule very small and slender.
B(£A GLABRA, Sp. UOV.
Herba succulenta, glabra, caule brevi, 1-2 pollicari. Folia undulata, ovata rotundata, inadquilatera, 6 poll, longa, 3^ poll, lata yel majora, petiolo 1-2 poll, longo crasso : folia superiora minora opposita. Pedunculi subterminales, 3-4 pollicares, crassi. CymaB termincdes congested, scorpioidece ^ poll, longse, pedicellis brevibus. Calyx tubo brevi conico, lobis 5 CBqualibus ohcuneaiis ti-uncatxs ferme ^ pollicaribus. Corolla alba ^ poll, lata, lobis rotundatis obtusis. Stamina 2, filamentis sigmoideis basi latis supeme attenuatis, antheris oblongis utrinque acatis majusculis. Stylus cylindricus, crassus, glaber, cnrvus ; stigma vix incrassatum oblique ovatum.
Pungah, Siam (Gurtis, 3039).
1 have seen but one portion of a plant and a drawing made from a specimen which flowered in Penang Gardens. Though I have seen no fruit, there can be little doubt but that this is a Bosa, though a very curious one. In its succulent glabrous habit and the compact terminal scorpioid cymes, and the peculiar adze-shaped sepals, it is different from any other species known to me.
B. FERBUGIKEA, Sp. UOV.
Acaulis vel caule crasso brevi, radicibus magnis crassis. Folia plura congesta, patala, ovaia, cordata obtusa, crenulata, supeme pilis dissitis brevibus intecta, subtus in nervis elevatis a pilis longis munita tomentosa viridia sabtus pallidiora (siccata supeme nigricantia subtus ferrugineo-tomentosa) ; lamina 3 poll, longa, 2| poll, lata, petiolis 1 j^2 poll, longis. Pedunculi
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S-pollicares ferrugtne(htornento$i. Cyma scorpioideaj ferrug%ne<H htspida. Calycis lobi Uneares lanceoUUi eum coi'ollft seqiiiloiigi yirides, ferragiDeo-hispidi. Corolla ^-^ poll, lata, brevitnba, alba vel roseo-tincta, ezplanata, lobts latis ohovcUis obiHsis CBqualibus, tnbo brevissimo. Stamina 2, brevia, filamenUs latis spcUhulatis apice tridentatis ; antheris flavis conicis apicibns connatis. Ovariam oonicam in stylnm cjlindricum angustiorem brevem arcuatnm attennatnm. IStigma paullo latins, plannm, integmm.
Lankawi, on damp rocks (Curtis^ 2566).
The f mit of this I have not seen, and so am hardlj certain as to its genus. The ovary is, however, shorter and thicker than in most Didymocarpi, The short tube and nearly regular flowers would seem to ally it to D, regularise Ridl.
B(£A ELEGANS, Sp. UOV.
Caulis decumbens, angulatus^ 6*pollicaris, ^ poll, crassus, arachnoideus. Folia ternatim verticiUatay remota^ ^-3 poll, inter se distantia, lanceolata^ acuta basi (ssepius longe) attenuata, L-2^ poll, longa, j-^ poll, lata, supra griseo'arachnoideay su^btus cinnamomeo-arachnoidea. Pedunculi ex axiUis suhter- mtTialibuSy gra^siles glahri 6 poll, longi ; cyma terminalis 3 polH- caris, ramis tenuibus paucis. Calyx perhrevis^ lobis lanceolatis glahris. Corolla ^ poll, lata (lobis latis rotundatis) alba ore roseo. Stamina fllamentis brevibus, antheris flavis oblongis. Stylus teres breviusculus ; stigma clavatum. Capsula pollicaris, glabra, linearis, acuminata, valde torta.
Kedah Peak, on precipices towards the north.
This has a creeping stem with the apex turned up. The peduncles are strictly axillary, and have more of the appearance of a Didymocarpus of the D, cordata group. The whole plant, except the inflorescence, has a frosted appearance. The long slender peduncles terminate in a cyme of medium-sized flowers, white with a rosy centre.
I foand it abundant, but with few flowers, on the bare, nearly vertical, slopes of granite rock on Kedah Peak.
Phylloboca speciosa, sp. nov.
Suffrutex 1-2 pedalis dealbata, caulibus subteretibus tomen- tosis. Folia hina remota^ lanceolata, acuminata, petiolata, 6 poll, longa, 1^ poll, lata, supeme glabra (sicca nigricantia) sabtus albo-arachnoidea ; petiolus poUicaris. Pedunculi longi
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validiili, laterales, ereoti, ferme pedales. Flores remoti, ferme sessiles, bini, bibracteatd, speciosi. Bracte» ovataB lanceolatao, ^ poll. longsB, albo-aracbnoideflB. Calyx trisepalus, eoriaceus^ lohis incBquaiibus (uno majore) latis ovato oblong lanatis, albis,
1 poll. Corolla camosa polUcariSf ceeralea, tubo lato ; lohi 3,
2 obUmgi truneati^ tertius mvlto latior. Stamina hreviay ovariam baud snperantia. Stjlas longas, lanatns, cylindricns. Capsula pollicaris, lanceolata, cylindrica, acaminata, lanata.
Lankawi, common (Gurtis, 2564), " Ghapah hatu,^* A stout sbmbbj plant, witb tbe stems covered witb a very tbin wbite tomentnm looking as if wbitewasbed, bat raiber silvery. The long infloreeceDces bear, at intervals of an incb or more, a pair of large stiff bracts closely appressed to tbe stem, and like tbe whole of the inflorescence, except the corolla, covered with a thin white wool. There is a pair of flowers in each pair of bracts, nearly sessile. Throo calyx segments are connate into one sepal, and the corolla in the same way has some of its segments connate. The stoat woolly capsule is also peculiar. It is a curious and handsome plant.
Epithema saxatile, Blumef Bijdr,, p. 738. Limestone rocks, at Kwala Lumpur and Lanka wi (Curtis ^ 2107).
MONOPHYLLJJA HoRSFiiLDii, R Br, in Benn,^ PL Jav. Ear., p. 121.
Limestone rocks, Kwala Lumpur, in Selangor ; at Kuran, in Perak (L. Wray, 597, Herb. Kew).
Ctbtandromoca acuminata, Benth, et Hook, /., Oen., ii. p. 1020.
Penaog, Penara Bukit {Gurtisy 1016).
C. iiEGAPHTLLA, Hemsl in Hook,, Ic. PL, t. 1555.
Sungei Ujong, on Bukit Sulu ; Selangor, at Kwala Lumpur ; Perak, common on the Thaiping Hills; Legeh (Machado).
On banks in thick jungle, flowers white, calyx dull red. It is called " Supujit Buhit " and " Lumpuh Munahon " by the natives.
Staurantheba umbbosa, C. B, Clarke, Comm, and Gyrt, Bernj., t. 89.
Johore, on Ounong Panti ; Pahang, Tahan River.
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524 MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CYRTANDRACE^ MALAYKN8ES.
Stauranthera qrandiflora, Benth,^ Scroph. Ind., p. 57. Penang {Wallich, Curtis!); road to Balik Palao, on damp rocks ; very rare.
Rhtnchotechum parviflorum, Blume^ Bijdr,^ p. 775.
leanthera parviflora, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 331.
Pabang, Tahan River Woods; Penang, Penara Bukit (Curtis, 3035).
This is the plant recorded in DC. Monog. Phan., v. p. 196, as B. parviflorum/ var. penangensis^ but fix)m a comparison with plants from Java and Sumatra, collected by Forbes, it appears to be identical with B, parviflorum, Blume. The genus Isanthera seems hardly distinguishable from Bhynchotechum, and would probably be better merged in it.
Tetraphyllcm roseum, Stapf, sp. nov.
Folia opposita, omnia valde approzimata, summa 4-interdum subverticillata, elliptica vel obovato-eUiptica, 2^-3^ poll, longa, If^^i poll, lata, obtusa basi breviter abrupteque angustata, argute crenato-denticulata, supra laete viridia, nitida, bullata, adpresse sparseque laze pilosa, subtus pallida, in nervis pilosa, caeterum minute punctulata ; petiolus ad 2 lin. longus. Cymee paucifloree e foliorum summorum 3 vel 4 azillis ort^t ideoque specie in inflorescentii terminali 1 poll. alt& coUectae, bracteatffi; bractese oblongee vel lanceolate; pedicelli sparse pubescentes, graciles, 6-7 lin. longi. Calyz prof undo 5-fidus, ineequalis, viz 5 lin. longus ; segmenta ovata, acuta, subplicato marginibus fere tot& longitudine contiguis ideoque tubum inflatum quabi 5-angulatum referentia, glabra, pallide viridia. Corolla glabra; tubus 5 lin. longus, albus leviter curvatus, a basi ampliatus ; limbus roseus, bilabiatus, labio supero erecto bilobo lobis rotundato-ovatis, labio infero porrecto, 5-6 lin. longo lobis 3 ovatis subsequalibus. Stamina inclusa, fertilia 2 ; filamenta brevia, e basi crassa filiformia, arete spiraliter contorta, glabra; anther® apice cohserentes connectivo crasso albo, loculis oblongis basi divergentibus dense minuteque glanduloso-pilosulis apice poro obliquo dehiscentibus ; stamin- odia minutissima. Ovarium oblongam, parce pilosulum ; stylus ovario sequilongus; stigma viride, capitatum subbilo- bum, stylo distiucte latins; placentee parietalis, bilamellataB lamellis recurvis dense ovuliferis. Capsula ovato-oblonga.
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4-5 lin. longa, acuta, calyci persistenti equilonga, locoliciile atque septicide dehiscens, 4-val7i8 ; nervi carpidioram dorsales demam a basi solati vel in apice diu cohsBrentes modo fibraram persUtentes. Semina minutissima.
Siam, at Pongah (0. Ourtu),
[A specimen o? this plant was sent to Kew by Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, raised from seed sent by Mr. Coi'tis. Previoasly only one species of this peculiar genus was known, T. bengalense^ C. B. Clarke, a native of East Bengal ; T. roseum differs in so many points that it may be considered a very marked and distinct species of the genus; the latter has glabrous, not silky flowers, the corolla is pink, not blue, the inflorescence somewhat lax, not capitate, the calyx obscurely flve-angled, and the stigma distinctly broader. One very peculiar character, possibly of generic value, has been commonly overlooked, namely, the remarkable shape of the filaments, which are filiform, but tightly twisted in two to two and a half turns in T. roseum, while in T, bengalense the spirals are looser. The capsules are alike in both species; they are loculicidal and septicidal at the same time, but the loculicidal dehiscence takes place in such a way that the dorsal ribs of the two carpids remain unaffected, and persist as two strong fibres which cohere to the apex for some time after the dehiscence has taken place. The placentas, however, do not separate from the valves, as stated by Mr. C. B. Clarke, in De Candolle's Monog., vol. v. part i. p. 137; they split into two lamellee, each of which remains connected with a valve. — O. Staff.]
The addition of a new species of this remarkable genus is interesting. T. roseum has a short smooth or pubescent stem, concealed by the four large leaves which hang down to the ground. The flowers are borne in a compact mass, and are large and showy, rose colour with a white centre.
Cyrtandra dispar, do. Prod.^ ix. p. 282. Penang, on Government Hill; Perak, Thaiping Hills, on banks ; also a native of Sumatra.
C. PILOSA, Blume, Bijdr.y p. 770.
Singapore (Lohh, Herb. Kew.); Penang (WaUich, 807), Penara Bukit (CuHis, 1018).
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526 MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CTRTANDBACEA MALAYENSES.
Lobb*8 locality is probably erroneous; it has never since been fonnd in Singapore. The plant also occurs in Java and Sumatra.
Cyrtandra decurrens, De Vriese^ PL Lid. Bai, OrxenL^ p. 14.
Var. Walltchii, C, B. Clarice, in BO, Monog, Phan,, v. p. 232.
Johore, at the base of Gunong Panti ; Snngei Ujong, Bokit Sula ; Perak, Thaiping Hills; Penang (WaUich, List, n. 807, partim).
I doubt this being distinct from the preceding species, (7. decwrrem, De Vriese, sensu maximo is widely spread over all the islands from New Guinea to Sumatra.
The native name in Sungei Ujong for the plant is ** Gugunjah Putih " (Gunjah is probably the same as Ganja, t.c, Cannabis saiivay Linn., and the name would mean white-flowered hemp).
C. pendula, Blume, Bijdr., p. 768.
Abundant in rocky ravines in dense jungle, from sea level up to about 1,000 feet altitude, often thickly covering the ground.
Singapore, common in several spots, Bakit Timah, &c, ; Johore, on Gunong Panti, and on Pulau Tioman, an island ofiF the east coast ; Selangor, at Kwala Lumpur ; Perak, Thaipiug Hills ; Pahang, at Kwala Tembeling ; Malacca (Maingay, in Herb. Kew.) ; also in Java and Sumatra.
The drawing by Prince in the Kew Herbarium, referred in the Flora of British India to 0. hicolar, Jack, appears to me to be merely a small plant of C pendula, Blume. Jack's species is distinguished mainly by the red wool on the underside of the leaves, which he says (Trans. Linn. Soc., xiv. p. 27), were purple beneath; a Sumatran plant collected by Korthals in Herb. Kew appears to belong to this species. There are two forms to be met with in Singapore, in one the leaves are oyate cordate and usually crenate, in the other, a weaker plant, they are rhomboid lanceolate and taper into the petiole, and are often entire. I have had many of both forms under cultiva- tion, and find it very difficult to specifically distinguish them. The leaves of both forms are often marbled with white. The length of the peduncle and number of flowers in a head also vary considerably.
The flowers are of a creamy white, with purple spots in the tube. The sausage^shaped '* berry " is of a light brown colour.
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The plant is called " Foho Assam Batu ** hj the natives (lit. Acid rock plant), and the leaves, which are slightly acid, are used by them in carries.
CyRTANDRA (§ AURE^) CUPULATA, Sp. nOV.
Soffruticosa, 2-3 pedalis. Caulis teres snpeme snbqnad- rangnlatus, fermg^eo-villosas. Folia opposita^ cBquaHay valde variabilia, maxima 12 poll, longa, 4 poll, lata, oblanceolata, pettolata, basi acaminata vel petiolo basi late alato, acuta ssepe acaminata, serrato dentata^ supeme pcurce hispida, subtus hispidtora, carinft et petiolo villosis, dentibus fasciculis pilorum munitis, petiolo ad 1 pollicem longo. Pedunculi usque ad ^ poll, longi azillares bini oppositi crassiusculi villosi. BractesB coalitcB, cupulam poUicarem albcmi hispidam formantes, apicibus acutis. Bracteolae breviusculao lanceolate, acutee, alba^. Flores plnres in cym&, singulatim ezpansi cupulam vix superantes. Corolla 1 poll, longa, curva, infandibuliformis, bilabiata, pubescens, alba, tubo intus flavo et bruneo, hhis 5, suhcequalibus ovaHs ohtusis. Stamina inclusa 2, filamentis tortis sigmoideis, antheris oblongis. Pistillum multo brevius ; ovarium oblong^m apice a fasciculo pilorum omatum ; stvlus brevis, crassus curvuE flavescenti-viridis. Stigma clavatum latiusculum, bilobum. Bacca ^ poll, longa fusiformis virescens.
Pahang, Tahan Woods, local (2150). In wet ravines.
The bracts form a yellowish-white cup with a long point at each end. The flowers hardly project beyond, and are saturated with the water contained within the cup. The bracts fall off before fruiting. The leaves vary much in form, sometimes haying a distinct hairy petiole, others have a broad wing to the very base.
C. LANCEOLATA, Sp. UOV.
Caulis pedalis, quadrangulariSt basi longe nudus glaber «upeme pubescens. Folia 12 poll, longa, 4 poll, lata, oblan- ceolata acuta basi acuminata petiolata crenulata, ferme omnino glabra, Cymce in basi caulis brevissime pedunculated laxao, pluriflorse ; pedicelli | pollicaris, graciles hispidi ; bra^tece parvcB^ lanceolatce, hispidce. Calyx ^-pollicaris tubulosus, hispidus; lobi 3, lineares acuminatu Corolla 1^ pollicaris, basi tubulosa supeme dilatata, pubescens, alba fauce flavo. Stamioa 2, filamentis longis linearibus tortis, antheris longis basi incrassatis apice attenuatis angustis. Stylus pollicaris,
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528 MR. H. N. KIDLEV ON CYRTANDRACEJ: MALAY ENSES.
pabescoDs ; stigma bilobam, lobis oblongo-linearibus. Capsnla deest.
Johore, on Ounong Panti (December, 1892).
I collected bat one plant of this, and that in flower. It is allied to C. radiciflora, C. B. Clarke.
Cybtandra 80FFRUT1C0SA, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc.y Ser. II. (Bot.) in. (1898) p. 330.
Collected in Palan Tioman by myself, has again been obtained by Mr. Feilding at Tengarah, on the mainland of Johore.
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On Discoveries resnltiDg from the Division of a Prothallus of a Variety of Scolopendrium vulgare, Sm. By E. J. Lowe, F.R.S., F.L.S.
[Bead 20th February, 1896.]
It is desirable to add a few introdactory remarks as the discoveries described in the present paper have resalted from experiments that have been continuous since 1857.
In 1866 a large collection of crossed ferns was exhibited at the Nottingham Meeting of tho British Association, and in 1867 a paper on " The Abnormal Forms of Ferns (a new method of obtaining varieties) " was introduced to the Dundee meeting of the same.
In 1881 a paper on "Hybrid Ferns" was read at the Linnean Society,* but was not printed, Mr. Moore writing: " Botanists will not allow a possibility to cross ferns, though somehow I can see you have the blood of each combined."
In 1888, Colonel Jones and myself read a paper on " Abnormal Ferns, Hybrids and their Parents " at the British Association Meeting at Bath (see * Annals of Botany ').
In 1890 at the Fern Conference of the R. Hort. Soc. I read another paper on " Hybrid Ferns and Crossed Varieties." In the discussion on this paper. Professor Scott remarked: "If the result were really due to multiple hybridization it would involve the fertilization of an ovum by several spermatozoids, each contributing somewhat of its own character to the offspring. This supposition contradicted all that was directly known as fertilization in ferns, in which it had always been found that only a single spermatozoid fused with the ovum." In two papers, viz: — "Facts regarding the Prothalli and Propagation of Ferns," and "Ferns and their Multiple Parents," were presented to the British Association Meeting at Cardiff in 1891, and divided prothalli which had been three years in the prothalloid state were there exhibited.
And, in 1895, a history of all these experiments was published under the title of ' Fern Growing,' including all these investiga- tions to the time when the present microscopical examinations discovered new facts, including the certainty that more than
• * Proc. Linn. Soc.' (1830-82), p. 6. LINN. JOUBN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. 2 M
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530 MR. B. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE.
one plant had been produced from the same prothallns, a fact that remoTes a fi^reat difficulty as regards maltiple-parentage.
The foregoing remarks having explained the general direc- tion of previous investigations, I now come to special work.
In 1887 I determined to investigate the results of dividing Fern protlialli, and in the autumn of that year spores were very thinly sown, in order to procure single vigorous prothalli that would allow of division into four portions. In 1888 a number of these were divided, 25 prothalli produced 100 divisions, and the experiment was so successful that 96 of the plants grew. Many of the divisions had no rootleta, but these were soon formed when the cultures were kept in a damp, close atmosphere under bell-glasses. These divisions grew into sturdy little tufts, much more bash-like than those prothalli that had not been divided.
The prothalli were divided on the assumption that, except under rare circumstances, the archegouia were widely separated from the antheridia and that it might be possible to keep them on different divisions, that such was true these experiments have proved, for with 48 portions that had archegonia, not one produced fronds until the male portions were brought in contact with them. It may be mentioned that some of the divisions were purposely left carefully guarded against any chance of the contact of sperms from antheridia, and one of these now under examination at the Royal Gttrdens, Kew, was divided on January 6th, 1888, and left here on January 7th, 1896, still in the prothalloid condition. I have been able to keep this (and many others) from frond-life for eight years. In February, 1892, all of the divided prothalli of 1888 wei-e alive, yet none had developed frond-life. In some of the examples the whole four portions were planted in a half-pint flower pot, an inch apart, and kept closely protected by a bell- glass ; at this distance apart the antheridia did not affect the archegonia.
In February, 1892, most of the divisions seemed unhealthy, and were repotted, two of these had portions having antheridia planted as closely as possible to two others having archegonia, in order to ascertain if any sexual life remained, and in July thrfie distinct frondlets appeared, whilst the remaining isolated portions retained their prothalloid life only.
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On October 15th, 1893, one of the split prothalU threw up a frondlet, how impregnated it was then impossible to say, but a skipjack (Podura plumbed) was noticed nnder the bell-glass, it might have been there for some time, for the plants had not been examined for three weeks, owing to my illness. A portion of the prothallas containing this frondlet was severed from the rest of the prothallas, and grew rapidly, the remainder also grew healthily. Subsequently an experiment was made with a skipjack, portions of prothalli (5^ years old) were planted in a pan and covered with an inverted wine- glass, these had only archegonia, but outside this glass portions having only antheridia were planted, and the whole covered with a large bell-glass ; skipjacks were introduced in the outer portion, and left there for a few days : then the wine- glass was removed, and the skipjacks had access to the portions having archegonia ; the insects were removed in 24 hours, and in 14 days afterwards frondlets appeared, but they were certainly two or three days old when detected, therefore the period from impregnation to frond-life was probably only 12 days. At the same time, in a second pan, portions bearing male, and portions bearing female organs were planted half an inch apart, but, although under the same bell-glass, after three months they had produced no frond-life.
The special experiment which is to be described is the repeated division of one portion of a prothallus in order to remove every portion of the original prothallus.
In the divided prothalli it is necessary to point out that the archegonia are assumed to be on the upper half, and that in dividing them, the sexes are kept on different portions. I know that it is said that archegonia and antheridia are some- times found together, but in the large number of experiments that I have made on the assumption that they are far apart, I have not had an instance of frond-life occurring until an upper and a lower portion has been brought together, and there has never been an instance, after bringing them together, of a failure to produce frond-life.
In repeating these divisions of the same divided prothalli, it is evident that fi'om the new growth of the prothalli in each division the original prothalli becomes further and further removed from the portion where the archegonia were situated until it is possible to cut off a portion that has no part of the
2 H 2
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532 MB. E. J. LOWE ON 8C0L0PENDEIUM VULGARK.
prothalli having the female organs, and in fact there is an absence of the whole of the original prothallas.
In the experiments described in this paper the first division was made on January 6th, 1888 ; this was again divided in the autumn of 1893, * a third time it was divided in September^ 1894, and a fourth in February, 1895. One of these divisions produced fronds in May, 1895, whilst under a bell-glass, and without any artificial impregnation, t e., new generative organs had been formed. There were two of these divisions, one having four and the other ^Ye plants growing round the margin, whilst in both cases a very peculiar plant grew from the centre (I have only taken two of these examples, as these are the only ones that have been microscopically examined by experts).
The portions did not all form fronds at the same time,, but they were spread over several months. One portion on January 8th, 1896, is yet in the prothalloid condition, and ia being watched by Mr. Lang, Dr. Scott, and Professor Farmer.
The middle plants in the before-mentioned two examples had quite a Marchantia look and were actually mistaken for Liverwort, until it was pointed out that they must be fronds, as they bore stipes ; the margins of these fronds also curled back in a singular manner. No two central plants have been alike, but they all had originally Marchantia-lookiDg fronds. These have been examined by Professor Bower and Mr. C- Draery, and subseqnently by Professor Farmer. The last prothallns is now at Kew; this prothallus is not in such an advanced state, so that we may yet expect the development of other peculiarities.
The marginal plants are not botanically different, but they apparently show the parentage of Scolopendrium vtdgare, var. crispum, in the offspring. The arohegonia were not present until after the new prothalloid growth, it will therefore be interesting to see the development of their characters ; the plants are yet too young to ascertain their peculiar features
• It may be explained that between 1888 and 1893 I made no sub- diririons, I was then onlj ascertaining how long a prothallns could be kept alive without frond-life, every now and then crossing one or more, but in 1893 it occurred to me to ascertain by a series of subdivisions what would result from such experiments, and a peculiar growth of plant-life, apospoiy, archegonia, and antheridia, has been the consequence.
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Ibejond that of being crisped, and the variety crispum-cotohurfii was one of the parents ; not only does this apply to all these marginal plants, bnt also to two of the central ones ; two other central plants hare no crisp character. The diminutive fronds of the central plants have been so peculiar and so Liverwort- like in character as to suggest the name of Marchantia- form fix>nd8. Their margins are flattened out, and are very thin and semi-transparent, having a growth of prothalli along the edge ; Professor Farmer considers it a case of premature apospory. The last prothallus has not yet formed any fronds, but has shown from a partial microscopic examination archegocia on the under surface.
My thanks are due to Professor Bower, Mr. C. Drueiy, Professor Parmer, and Mr. Lang for their reports on micro- scopical examination, an examination that has shown such interesting facts.
Independently of apospory and the formation of male and female organs on entirely new growth of repeatedly divided prothallia, there is something very remarkable as regards the frond-life. The central plants are unlike the marginal cues, they differ in form and botanically ; on the contrary, the marginal plants are all more or less alike, as might be expected when growing on the same prothallus from what may be termed assimilation, but in the central plants something requires elucidation as no two are alike, and all differ from the marginal ones (they apparently grow on the upper surface). The first plants were very curious, but owing to a serious illness I could not give proper attention to their young growth, yet all showed the thinning off and semi-transparency ; their after growth shows in the first a congested mass of fronds, diminutive and ball-like ; the fronds are less than If inches, of which an inch is the stipes, the width is half an inch ; it is a mass of muricationn curling back on the underside, very hard and unbending, and the colour a deep green, this plant is at Kew; a second developed stipes with comute apices, but no leafy part; a third is muricate with a bead-like fimbriated nuurgin ; a fourth has a bud-growth on the fronds, and a branching stag*s-hom-like mass at the base; it is muricate, has projections, and is leathery in texture, this is also at Kew ; in a fifth the fronds are crisp and wavy, has the ordinary ^consistency of a crispum, and apparently will not be congested;
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534 MR. E. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPENDRIUM TULGARE.
a sixth is bipinnate and mnricate, baying broad projection & that are smooth except near the base, parafereut often with two rosette-like cops a short distance apart, and with a twisted cornnte apex that is cochleate, and truncate ; the rachis often thickened and baring a warty appearance. Length of frond
Fjo. 2.
5 inches, of which 3 is the stipes. The two illustrations here given of the sixth example show the upper and under surface of the frond from a plant which is growing out of doors. This has now grown out of its abnormality.
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MR. E. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPENDRIUM VULOARE. 535
Report op Mr. C. T. Druery, F.L.S.
With reference to your remarkable Scolopendrium, I give you herewith resuin4 of my observations on the material preyiously sent me in this connection. The first specimen you sent was a ramose pro thai loid growth which I considered to be a species of Marchantia, a belief that was strengthened by the fact that on pegging it down and keeping it close it speedily commenced growth at all terminals precisely as that family would do ; later on, however, a dense confervoid growth, evidently introduced with it * (as my soil was carefully sterilized), so repeatedly invaded it that it perished. Mean- while, however, you had sent me fronds and a small plant, developed as you stated from similar abnormal prothalli, and these in themselves displayed such, to my mind, marchantioid characters that I sent one of the fronds to Mr. Antony Gepp, of the British Mnseam, for his opinion. The frond I sent him resembled a small inch-long frilled or crisped Scolopendrtum, frond bearing a short stalk, but was of so fleshy a character and so distinctly growing Jfaro/tan^io-fashion from its edges and fimbria tions that I was still misled ; however, it was pro- nounced to be no Marchantia, but a true fern, and I found on renewed scrutiny, the furcate venation of Scolopendrttimj which resolved my doubts entirely. This frond, and a companion, I laid down under culture ; the companion frond was of a different shape, having pinnatifid projections, instead of a continuous crisped and frilled edging. These projections in all cases became bluntly bifid and undoubtedly prothalloid, the indentation of the bifid tip being a sinus occupying the same relative position to a thickened cushion, bearing root- hairs, archegonia, and antheridia (which were also developed in due course), as does the sinus of a normally produced pro- thallus. The other frond in a very short time acted very differently. In this case the edges developed semi-transparent fimbriations evidently of prothalloid nature, but the great part of the upper surface budded out into innumerable small pro- thalli crowded densely together. This frond and a third of similar character I have sent to Professor F. 0. Bower,
* Stertlixed soil is difficult to keep so for a long time, as oonfenra (Vaucheria tesiUit) grows up the damp pot and erentually enters the soil, and it eren grows on the glass corering. I constantly stir the surface. — E. J. L.
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536 HB. E. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPENDRIUM TULQAKB.
retaining only the pinnatifid one and the lifctle plant I have mentioned. This plant when sent to me was represented hj two or three small roundish fronds which seemed to be developed independently from an attached prothalloid mass which I did not disturb for fear of destroying the plaut itself. I could then detect no normal axis of growth such as is seea as a small white caudiz in seedling Scolopendriums. The fronds, however, grew though slowly, and after a time another rose, evidently circinate, and from the midst of the clump, and this being followed by two others demonstrated to me by the angle of their growth that a true axis existed, though still the characteristic whitish scales were and are absent. These fronds, however, present no sign of that rapidly increasing size which distinguishes normally developed Hart*s-tongue» and all the fronds are so small that a sixpence would cover the entire plant. This smallness consequently necessitates the use of a lens for examination, and with this it is seen that each frond is bluntly lobed at its termination, and bears a distinct sinus, associated as before described with a cushion bearing archegonia, antheridia, and incipient root-hairs on its under surface. We have here consequently a position as nearly as possible intermediate between sporophore and oophore, the sporophoric character distinctly existing in the shape of a circle of stalked fronds generated spirally from a regular axis of growth, while the oophoric character as distinctly appears in the fact that these fronds are practically stalked prothalli bearing the sexual apparatus proper to them.
Your plants, it is manifest from the fronds sent me, are much more vigorous than mine, the fronds of which are certainly barely half an inch high, and it is also clear from the diversity shown in the two classes of fronds described that there is considerable variation in form. As regards the genesis of these ferns I cannot, of course, give an opinion, but I am inclined to think that the phenomenon has not been iudaced by division but that some one prothallus has sported, and by lending itself so easily to propagation by division has yielded you the batch you possess.*
* In confirmation of the opinion I have formed as regards being produced by division and subdivision, all these hare produced these singular properties, but in the hundreds of examples of simple division it has never been produced. — E. J. L.
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MR. E. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPENDBIUM YULOABE. 537
The large frond yon sent me to-day with a yonng frond growing npon it seems of a likely type to spring from the batch, but I found no trace of prothalloid growth npon it and the yonng fern npon it is a bnlbil pnre and simple, which is not uncommon in these muricate and irregular varieties.* We now come to the consideration of how far this case of apospory, for that is what it is, differs from preceding ones, and the chief difference I find to consist in its persistence after the axis of growth has been fairly started. In Lastrea pseudo-mas, var. cristata^ which I exhibited at the Linnean Society in 1892,t the first fronds bore prothalli in profusion, and these fronds being layered, the prothalli developed plants, the first fronds of which were simply long-stalked prothalli. In this case, however, the third or fourth fronds lose the aposporaus character and the resulting plants are qnite undistingnishable from the ordinary L, paeiido-mas, var. cristata. The case of Scolopendriunif var. crispum Drummondce (vide * Joum. Linn. Soc* (Bot.), xxx (1894), p. 281) differs from yours in the fact that although the prothalli produced aposporonsly from its firabriations are very viviparous in themselves (a single tip forming a mass of prothalli nearly filling a thimble pot and yielding a number of plants) and some of the young fronds are transparent on the edges and evidently prothalloid, they, like the adult fimbriation, display no signs of sexuality until layered. The third case which trenches upon yours is that of Athyrium FiUx'foemina^ var. clarxssima^ Bolton, in which the primary fronds of the aposporons seedlings are also distinctly prothalloid and act like prothalli when pegged down. Your Scolopendriums then, it is clear, are distinguished by the persistence of their aposporouB character and by their capacity for developing archegonia and antheridia without being layered, while if the large frond in question really sprung from this brood, it points to the same temporary character of precocious apospory as distinguishes the other cases cited.
* I should like to add to this that the plant from which this frond was taken, although now normal botanically, had the same prothalloid growth in a Tery pronounced manner, although I was too ill at the time to do more than look at it whilst in bed. All these fronds hare for some time been bulb-bearing, and now it is bulbifOTOUs on the stipes helow the soil. — £. J. L* t * Proo. Linn. Soc.' (1892-93), p. 2.
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538 MR. E. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE.
Report of Professor F. 0. Bower, D.Sc, F.R.S.
The flat green expansions are portions of a fem-frond^ they ai-e not prothalli but show a vascular strand in the middle of the staJk when cut transversely and the tissues have inter- cellular spaces, which are absent in prothalli at their margins ; they have produced, by very prolific aposporous growth, pro- thalli with antheridia on the smaller ones, and on the largest, archegonia. The smaller plant with leaves shows again the aposporous development, prothalli originating from the margins of its leaves. I think this has already been recorded by Mr. Druery.
Extract from a Letter of Professor J. Bretland Farmer, F.L.S.
As to the fern plants you sent me some weeks ago, it was from the edge of the stalked frond that the prothallium was developed. Thus [referring to a figure which is not reproduced here] the shadow portions represent the place where the out- growths occurred. It is very clear as the thickness of the frond suddenly diminishes there and the intercellular spaces which are characteristic of the leaf proper entirely disappear.
I should regard the case as being one of premature apospory if I may use such a term ; I mean that the edge of a leaf too young (as regards the whole plant) to bear sporang^ at all, had at once grown out to the other generation. What I had hoped to find and what would have settled the affair was dividing nuclei f for in the prothalloid generation these are only half the number of nuclear segments (chromosomes) as compared with those in the frond plant. I find it impossible in these sections cut by hand to prevent the prothalli outgrowth breaking away from the frond, and the series I was trying to embed and cut with the microtome unluckily did not succeed. Still, I have no hesitation in afiBrming that on these early fronds the pro- thalloid structures are developed as outgrowths from the edges or from the lower surface just within the edge of the frond. On the section I am sending you, which only includes the prothalloid outgrowth, you will notice archegonia on the upper surface of the prothallium. May not this account also for your getting plants from the middle of your prothalia ?
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MB. K. J. LOWE ON SCOLOPINDRIUM VULGARE. 539
Dr. Scott reports that Mr. Laog examined a detached portion (of the prothallns sent to Kew on Jannary 6th), and looked at the upper surface of the whole under a simple microscope. He found no antheridia, and archegonia only on the lower surface (of the detached bit). Of course a thorough examination could not be made without killing the prothallus.
Independent cultures are still under examination both at Kew and bj Mr. Druery.
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INDEX.
Sjnonyms and native names are printed in italics. A star is added to names
which are oetensihlj here published. The specific names in the kejs to Silene, Pentoi^ and Vanilla^ and the special
index to Silene are not cited in this Index.
Abies, Toum.y fossil, 417, 418. Acampe, Lindl^ 846 ; its distribution, 217. longifolia, Lindl., mentioned 358. penangiana, BidL* 358. Aoantholimon, JSoits., Silene resem- bling, 81. Aoanthophyllum, C, A. Mejf.y alluded
to, 9. Aoriopsis indica, Wight, 884.
jayanioa, JZn'fMo., 884; distribu- tion in Mala:pa, 214. purpurea, Eidl, 884. BidleTi, Hook.f., 385. Adanson, his division of Silene^ 12. Adenonoos, JBlume, 345, 868; distri- bution, 217. major, Sidl.^ 850. parviflora, Sidl.^ 850. virens, Blnme, 340. A$ridee, Xonr., 847 ; the genus in MaUja, 214. multiflorum, Roxb., 876. odoratum, Ixmr., 876 $ma/ti99immm, LindL, 376. rtreiM, LindL, 876. .Sschrnanthus, Jack, in Malaya, 497. Hildebrandii, Hemtl., 502. Lobbiana, Hook,, 601 ; mentioned
502. longiflora, DC, 499; mentioned
600. marmorata, T. Moore, 500. microtricha, C. B, Clarke, men- tioned 501. Motlevi, C. jB. Clarke, 500. oboonica, C. B. Clarke, 501. perakensis, Ridl.,^ 499.
ifisohvnanthus radioans. Jack, 501.
Ahododendron, Midi.,* 500.
speciosa, irook.,409,
WaUichii. S. Br., 502.
zebrina. Van Houtte, 500. African element absent from Bialajan
flora, 217. AgalmjU, Blume, in Malaja, 497.
staminea, Blume, 502. Agrostemma, Xt»ii., ddBned, 11 ; men- tioned 5; carpophore absent, 5 ; definition of, 6.
Cali-rosa, Linn., 9.
Coronaria, Linn., 8.
Oithago, lAnn., 7.
gradle, Boiee., 7. AgrostophjUum glumaceum, Hook.f., 811.
javanicum, Blume, 810.
majus, Hook.f., 311.
;>ai(c(/Ionrm, Hook, f., 297-298. AixoacesD, oonnection of, 22. Akar Punuhal, 896. Akar Sumpuh Darat, 512. Alg». new genus of (Bosse), 209. Allockruea, Bunge, genus merged, 9. Alsinese, affinities of, 22. Alsininee, affinities of, 22 ; validity
not discussed, 8. Amaranthaceie, connection of, 22. Anaptychia leuoomeliena, Wainio.
200. Angrfficum, Bory, mentioned 844. Angrek, Malayan for epiphytic orchid,
217. Angrek Bunga Ka*turi, 858. Angrek Darat, 384. Angurek Warna, Ksempf., 477.
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542
INDEX.
Anoectochilus genioulata, Ridl.,^ 406.
Reinwardtii, JBlume, 406. Antennatie §, Dendrobium, 233. Antidromj, term defined, 15. Ants, fertilising Ghrammatophjllum,
386. Anxia angustata, Mmeil. Arg,^ 203. AphyllorchiB pallida, Blume, 405. Api'Api, 354.
Aporum Leonit^ Lindl., 248. Aporum §, 232. ApoBtasia latifolia, Rolfe, 415.
nuda, R, Br,, 415.
WaUichii, R. Br., 415. Apoetasiaces, Malayan (Ridley), 213. Appendicula, Blume, 387.
bifaria, Lindl., 387.
var. Wallichiana, 388.
callosa, Blume, 388; mentioned 387.
complanata, Ridl.^ 389.
cordata, Hook,/., mentioned 891.
echinocarpa, Hook, f., 392.
elongata. Rial., 389.
lancifolia, HooJe.f., 390.
Lewisii, OHff., 389.
luoida, Ridl, 392.
Maingayi, Hook.f., 389.
muricata, Teysm. 4" Binn., 392, 387.
pendula, Blume, mentioned 387, 390.
purpurascens, Blume, 385 ; dis- tribution of, 217.
reflexa, Blume, 390; mentioned 387.
rhodiola, Reichb. t, 391.
rupestris, Ridl.* 391.
teres, Griff., 308.
torta, Blume, 391.
uncata, Ridl.,* 390.
XYtriophora, Reichb./., 391. ^rocAitan^Ae alba, Ridl., 353.
Maingayi, Hook, f., 853. Araco aromaiico, Hem., 439. Arenaria pungens, Clem., Ga,y*B note
on, 15. Arthonia complanata, FSe, 207. Arundina bambusi/olia, Lindl., 331,
Cantlegi, Hook, f ., 382.
chinensis, Auct., 331.
chinensis, Blume, 331.
denea, Lindl., 331.
densiflora. Hook, f., 381.
Philippi, Reichb./., 331.
revoluta. Hook./, 331.
speciosa, Blume, 331. Asclepiadeee, pollen-masses of Stemona
resembling, 490. AscochUus, Ridl.,* 374, 348.
Ascochilus hirtulus, Ridl,,* 375; mentioned 376. siamensis. Ridl.,* 375. Athjrium Filix-foBmina, rar. claris-
sima, BoUon, 537. Atocio», Adans., 12, 24. Australian element in Malayan flora, 217.
Bseokea, Linn., in Malaya, 217. Bttomyces fungoides, Aeh,, 200.
hsmotropus, height,, 200. Bahunilha, 466. Balfour, Gomm. A. F., collection of
Sararanga, 479. Bawang Hanta, 382. Bagnilla de acguales, 466. Bagnilla Pompona, 466. Beccari, Dr. O., Sararanga collected
by, 479. Bees fertilizing orchids, 334; ditto
Vanilla, 442. Behen, Moench, 24 ; as a subgenus, 14,15. vulgaris, Moonch, 15, 47. Behenanlha, Schur, 24. Biatorinopsis lutea, Muell, Arg,, 206.
neozelandicum, Muell. Arg,,* 206. Blastenia Colensoi, Muell, Arg.,* 206. pulcherrima, Muell, Arg,, men- tioned 206. Blue, no Malayan word for, 227. Bosa, Comm,, in Lankawi Islands, 497 ; in Malaya, 498; mentioned 516. acutifolia, Ridl.,* 519. elegans, Ridl,,* 522. ferruginea, Ridl.,* 521. glabra, Ridl.,* 521. lanata, Ridl.,* 520. paniculata, Ridl.,* 519. patens, Ridl.,* 520. suffruticosa, Ridl,,* 518. Terticillata, Ridl.* 519. Boissier, P. E., his work on Silene,2, 3,
13-14. Bolbidium,§ 232. Bosse, Mrs. Weber Tan, on Pseudo-
codium, 209-212. Botryosilene §, 38-^7 ; mentioned 16,
17. Bower, F. O., on Soolopendrium, 538. Braun, Alex., his work on Silene, 2,
3,18. Breviflores § (Dendrobium), 232. Bromheadia aJticola, Ridl,, 339 ; men- tioned 342. aporoides, Reichb,/., 340. brevifolia, Ridl.,* 340. paluslris, Lindl., 339 ; mentioned 214.
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INDEX.
54:^
Bromheadia pungens, Bidl.,* 340. rupestris, Bidl.,"* 341. sjlvestris, Sidl.y 839. Bromus commutatus, Sehrad.y 427,
429. intenruptuff, Druee,^ 428 ; note
on, 430. mollis, Linn., 427. 420. far. oonglomerata, Fers.,
426.
var. glabrescenn, 426, '127.
Tar. intenntptOf Uack., 426,
429.
Tar. Llojdianus, 427.
racemosus, Linn., 429. Bolbophjllum, Thou., diBtribution,
217 ; in Malaya, 215. adenopetalum, Liitdl., 273. apodum, Hook,/., 273. Ayicella, Ridl.,^ 270 ; mentioned
269, 272. Beccarii, Beichb. /., mentioned
278. botryophorum, Sidl.,^ 275. capitatura,i/tW^.,272; mentioned
273. catenarium, Sidl., 270; men- tioned 269, 271, 272. dandestinum, Lindl., 272 ; in
Malaja, 214 (misprinted clan-
destium). cleistogamum, Ridl,, 279. ooncinnum, Sook.f.,27S; flower- ing, 216. ooriaceum, Bidl., 270 ; mentioned
271. crassipes. Hook./., 277. Dayauum, Beichb. /., mentioned
densiflorwm, Bidl.^ 277.
Ephippianthus \_Ridl. /], men- tioned 384.
Epicrianthes, Hook./., 272 ; mm- tioned 271.
galbinum. Bidl.^ 267.
Gigas, Ball.* 277.
Globulus, Hook. /., 276.
hispidum, Bidl.* 268.
insigne. Bidl., mentioned 268.
lasianthum, Lindl., 27b.
leptosepalum, Hook.f., 274.
lilacinum, Bidl.* 276.
limbatum, lAndl., 277.
longiflorum, J?u2/.,* 268.
macranthum, Lindl., 265 ; flower- ing, 216.
megalanthum, Griff., 265.
membranifolium, HooJc.f.y 269.
modestum, Hook, f., 273 ; men- tioned 272.
Bulbophjllum monanthos, Bidl,,* 271.
moniliforme, Par. rf* Beichb. /., 269.
oculatum, Tetftm. <f Binn., 269.
odoratum, Lindl., 274.
patens, King, 265 ; mentioned 267.
Penhei, hort. Bull, mentioned 277.
pedicellatum, Bidl., 275.
pileatum, Lindl., 266.
Reinwardtii, Beichb. f., 267.
roseum, Bidl.,* 276.
rugoeum, Bidl.,* 266.
sanguineo-macuiatum, Bidl.,*2%b.
Stella, Bidl., 279; flowering, 216.
striatellum. Bidl., 269, 270.
Trifolium, Bidl.,* 278.
Termiculare. Hook.f., 273.
vitellinum, Bidl., 271; mentioned 273.
vit^atum, Teyem. S( Binn., 269.
Wrayi, Hook.f., 275. Bunga Angin, 255. Bunga Bangkong, 407. Bunga Jarom Bukit, 511. Bunga Kaxut, 416. .BNM^a Tm/m, 407. Burmannia tuberosa, Becc., flowering,
216. Burmanniacea) flowering in Malaya,
216. Butterfly fertilizing Haemaria, 401-2. Bysfocaulon///im«j»/o#Mfii, Nyl., 206.
nireum. Mont., 206.
Cadetia angusHfolia, Blume, 231. Oadetia § = Desmotrichum §, 231. Galantho, B. Br., distribution, 217; mentioned 218.
angustifolia, Lindl., 330.
Ceciliie, Hort. Low, 329.
curculigoide* [Hook, f.], 330.
curculigoides, Lindl., 330 ; flower- ing, 215 ; mentioned 403.
diploxiphion. Hook, f., 329.
gigantea, Hook.f., 331.
Masuca, Lindl., mentioned 329, 330.
panriflora, Lindl., mentioned 329.
rubens, Bidl., 331.
Scortechinii, Hook.f, 330.
verafrifolia, B. Br., 329.
vestita. Wall., mentioned 331.
Wrayi, Hook.f, 329. 330.
var. Soortechini, Hook, f,
830.
Wrayi, Hook, f . partim, 329, 330. Calceolaria §, possibly a genut, 347. Calopliyllum, Linn., orchid on, 219.
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544
INDEX.
Calyptranthera fimhriata, Blume,*
288, 289. Camarotu, Lindl., 348. Campylocentron, Benth.f 844. Cannabis satira, Linn.^ mentioned 626. Capeule of Silenoide», 5. Carpels of Silenoidee, 5. Carpenter bees fertilizing orchids, 884. Carpophore in certain genera, 5. Caruel, T., his term Dianthaces, 8. C'arjophjllaee», affinities of, 22 ; men- tioned 8. Casuarina, Linn.^ in Malaja, 217. Centropetalum, lAndl.^ 344. Ceratostylis ckthrata, Hook,/., 809.
cryptantha, BiUl* 809.
eriffioides, Sook.f.^ 310.
gracilis, Blwne, 307; mentioned 308.
lancifolia, Hook./., 809.
malaccentis. Hook, f., 308 ; men- tioned 310.
pendula, Book,/., 310.
robusta, Hook./., 300.
tereSf Reichb. f., 807 ; mentioned
8oa
Cereo (ifflnis tcandens planta, etc.,
Sloane, 471. Chapahy 520. Chapah hatu, 523. CheiropetaluiHt Fries, 24. Chenopodiaceflp, connection of, 22. CbiloBchista, Lindl., 348. Chirita, Buch.-Ham (Ridley). 616; abundance in Lankawi, 497; confined to Malajj, 498. caliginosa, C. B. Clarke^ 516. elata, Ridl,,^ 518. inolUssima, Ridl.y* 517. Viola, Ridl.* 516, distribution, 498. Cbrjsoglossum, Blume ^ distribution, 217. rillosum, Blume^ 316. Cincinnosilene §, 26-28. Cirrliopetalum, Linn,, flowering of, 216. acuminatum, BidL* 282. auratum, Lindl., 284. Blumei, Lindl.y 286. Brienianum^ Rolfe, 286. citrinum, Bidl.^ 286. roacinnum. Hook, /., 282 ; mentioned 281.
var. purpureum, i?irfZ.,*282.
Cumingii, LindL, mentioned 282. elegans, Teytm. ^ Binn., 284. gamosepalum, Qriff.^ 281; men- tioned 283, 284. var. angustum, Bidl,f* 282.
Cirrhopetalum linearifolium, RidL,*
283. longescapum, Teysm. 4* BinH., 285. longissimum, Ridl.* 280. Makoyanum, Reichb. /., 284;
mentioned 285.
Tar. Brienianum, Ridl.,*
285.
Medusss, Jjindl., 279. microbulbon, Ridl.^ 288. planibulbe, RidL, 285. psittaooidee, Ridl* 280; ita
fertilixation, 280. Bestrepia, Ridl., 286. semibifidum, Ridl* 284. Taginatum, Lindl.^ 279 ; in Malaya, 214. Claderia, Hook. /., distribution, 217 ; mentioned 801. Tiridiflora, Hook.f., 820. Cladonia capitellata, Ch. Bab., 199. degenerans,var. hn,ylotetL,Floerke, 199.
Tar. jaTaniea, Muell. Arg.,
199.
fiocbriata, Tar. abortiTa, Rdhenh.,
199.
Tar. dendroides, FloU, 200.
furcata. Tar. adspersa, Floerke,
199.
Tar. asperata, MutU. Arg.^
199.
farinacea, fFaitno, 199.
gracilUma, 3£udl. Arg.,
199.
macilenta, Hoffm.y 200. pleurota, Schaer.^ 200. pyxidata, JV., 200.
Tar. costata, Floerke, 200.
squamosa, rar. asperella, Floerke, 199. Clarke, C. B., comm. as President (Stapf), 479 ; note on Bromoa interruptus, 480. Clathrina aggregata, Muell. Arg^ 199.
Tar. straminea, Muell. Arg.,
199. ClaTats § (Dendrobium), 232. Cleisostoma, Blume, 364, 847.
andamanioum, Hook. /., men- tioned 365. bicuspidatum. Hook. /., men- tioned 865. crassum, Ridl., mentioned 365. crutatum, Ridl., 378. lonosma, Ridi.,^ 866. hitifoUum, Lindl., 865. maculosum, JLindl., mentioned 365.
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INDEX.
545
deiaoftoma M>nnn, Seichb, /., men- tioned 865.
panrum, Bidl,* 866; mentioned 8H6.
spioatom, Xiiii2/., 866 ; mentioned 865.
uteriferom, Sock./., 866; men- tioned 865. Coccocarpia aurantiaca, Mont. 4" Bo$eh, 204.
Tar. purpuracea, Miq., 204.
Codium, Staekh.^ referred to, 209, 211.
tomentosom, tSiackh,, 210, 211. Ooelogyne, Lindl., in Malaja, 215.
anoepe, Mook, /., 827.
aogostifolia, RidLy^ 822.
asperata, Lindl., 826.
bimacolata, Ridl.,^ 327.
caniea» Hook,/., 326.
casta, Ridl.* 322.
camUfeens, Griff., 889.
Cumingii, Lindl,, 821.
Dayana, Reickb. /., referred to, 821.
Foentermanni, Reickb. /,, 922.
gxaminifolia, Far. 4* ieiokb. /., mentioned 828.
longibraoteata, Hook.f.^ 822.
nMcrohulbim, Hook, f., 821.
Maingayi, Hook, f., 822.
KaMUigeana, Reickb./., 821.
Mareriana, Reickb./., 324.
pachybnlbon, J?w^.,* 324.
pandurata, Lindl., 825.
prasina, jBMi/.,<* 826.
posilla, Ridl.,^ 827.
quadrangularis, Ridl.,^ 828.
KoohuBsenii, De Vrieee^ 321.
speoiosa, Lindl., 821.
•tenochila, Hook./, 826.
testaoea, Lindl., 820; mentioned 828.
tomentosa, i^iWZ., 820, 824.
Tar. penangentis, 820.
Cksnogonium subtorulotum, Muell. Ar9.f 207.
tomentofum, Muell. Arg.,^ 206. ColenBO, Her. W., l^ew Zealand
lichens, 197. Collabinm Wravi, Hook, f., 885. OfAkmOk/aeeiciUare, Tar. Coleneoi, Ch. Bab., 198.
fiUTum, Ack., 197.
•^— Tar.miorophjllimum, Muell. Arg., 197.
pulpoeum, Ack.. 198.
subconTeniens, iV]y^., 197. Conifer, new fowil (Seward), 417. OoniophTllom Colonsoi, Muell. Arg., 198.
Conoeilene, diTisions of, 25-26. ConTenienoe, plea of, 21. Cordaioxyloncrandlingi, Orand*Eurg,
424. Coronaria, Linn., defined by Linnicus, 8 ; now defined, 11 ; dehiscence of capsule, 5; mentioned 6, 7,8.
glabra, Linn. Hort. Upsal., 8. Corone^ Hoffmgg., 24. > Corymbis, Tkou.. distribution, 217.
brcTistylis, Hook./, 397.
longiflora, Hook./., 896.
rhjtidocarpa, Hook./, 890.
Thouarsii, Reickb./, 396.
Teratrifolia, Reickb./, 896. Corynophoron Colensoi, A]v/., 199. Corysanthes, R. Br., in Malaya, 217 ; pedicel elongates, 409.
fornicata, Lindl., 406.
mucronata, Blume, mentioned 407.
picta, Undl., 407. Cottonia, fTigkl, 845. Crepidium Bheedii, Blume, 222. Crepis nicsensis, Balb., mentioned 427.
taraxacifolia, WUld., mentioned 427. Crocodile's tongue orchid, 219. Cryptochilus, Wall., 347. Cryptopus, Lindl., 847. Crypt04tylis, R. Br., in Malay a, 217 ; mentioned 412.
Arachnites, Blume, 407.
filiformis, Blume, 407. Cucubalue, Toum., mentioned 5, 6.
acaulie, Linn., lOl.
mgypUacu*, Linn., 115.
a;;>e«<m, Bohrb,96.
Beken, Linn., 15.
eargopkylUndet, Poir., 80.
DougUuii, Baton, 141.
fimbriatue, Bieb., 49.
fimbriatut, Gueldenst., 49.
Jloccotue, Ficin., 175.
injlatut, Salisb., 47.
mollUeimue, Waldst. k Kit., 174.
multifldue, Adams,<» 49.
mulHflorue, Waldst. & Kit., 158.
Otitee, Linn., 155.
parmflorue, £hrh., 156.
piloeue, Willd., 174.
PumUio, Linn., 8, 45.
saxi/rague, Linn., 1£3.
undulatue, Kit., 174.
viecotue, Huds., 175.
riscoeue, Linn., 175.
wolgeneU, WUld., 166. Cuoulla §, should be a genus, 347. Cuming, H., his Malay collections re* ferred to, 213.
LINN. JOCBN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXIII.
2 N
Digitized by
Googk
546
INDEX.
CuTouligo sumatmna, Moxh., its natire
name, 218. Curtis, 0., Malayan collections, 213. CylindrochUiu, Thw., 348. (^mbidinm, Sw.y fertilizatioD, 337.
acutmn, Ridl,* 334.
aloifolitun, 8w.f 833 ; fertilization of, 337 ; nnentioned 334.
Tar. pubesoens, JBid^,« 333,
334.
Finlaytonianum^ Lindl., 333.
lancifolium, Hook., 335.
pubeseens, Lindl., 333, 334. Cypripedium, Linn.f distribution, 217.
barbatum, Lindl.^ 414.
beUatidum, Iteichb,/,, mentioned 445.
Tar. GodefroyBB, mentioned
415.
£xul, Hort. O'Brien, 414.
insigne, Tar. Exul, Sidl., 414.
niTCum, Beichb.f.t 414.
tuperbiens, Beichb. f., 414. Cjrtandra, Forst.^ in Malaja, 498.
bicolor, J<zck, mentioned, 526.
cupulata, Midi.* 527.
decurrens, De Vriete^ 526.
Tar. Wallichii, C. B. Clarke,
526.
dispar, DC, 625.
lanceolata, Sidl.* 527.
pendida, Blume, 626.
pilosa, JBUimB, 525.
radiciflora, C B, Clarke, men- tioned 528.
suffruticosa, EtdL, 628. Oyrtandromoea, ZoU., in Malaya, 498.
acuminata, SenM.^irooitr./., 523.
megaphylla, Henut., 523. Oystorohis, Blume, distribution, 217.
aphylla, Ridl.* 400.
javanica, Blume, 31^.
variegata, Blume, 399, 400.
Tar. purpurea, Ridl.,* 399.
Datura, Linn,, hybrids, 11. Dendriseocaulon filicinellum, Nyl ,
197. Dendrobium, 8w., 231 ; in Malaya, 215.
abietinum, Ridl.,* 252.
acerosum, Lindl., 251.
aciculare, Lindl., 250.
aduncum, Hook, f., 258.
^gle. Bidl.,* 260.
aggregatum, Roxb., 264.
al bicolor, Ridl.,* 250.
cUhidO'tomentosum, Blume, 301.
alpestre, Rot/h, mentioned 243.
Dendrobium angulatum, Lindl., 236.
angustifolium, Lindl., 236.
antennatum, Lindl., 233.
appendiculatum, Lindl., 236.
atropurpureum, Miq,, 246 ; men- tioned 244, 247.
atrorubens, Ridl.,* 247.
bicamer&tum, Lindl., 258.
bifarium, Lindl., 256.
bremjlorum, Lindl., 258.
Brienianum IKraenzl."], alluded to (misprinted brievianmm, Bolfe), 260.
calcaratum, Lindl., 251.
callibotrys, Ridl.,* 258.
camoeum, Teysm. & Binn., 234.
cerinum, Beichb. f., 263.
ClaTator, Ridl.,* 255.
clayipes, Sook. f,, 254 ; mentioned 255.
cochinchinense, Ridl.,* 244.
Ccelopogon, Reickb.f., 236.
comatwn, LindL, 238, 236.
ooncinnum, Miq., 247.
oonostalix, Reickb.f., 251.
oonTCxum, Lindl. ,2S6 ; mentioned 237.
comutum, Hook, f., mentioned 260.
criniferum, Lindl., 285, 238» 236 ; flowering, 216 ; mentioned 299.
crocatum, Hook,/., 261.
cruentum, Reickb.f., 264.
cnimenatum, 8w., 254 ; mentioned 250, 255 ; simultaneous flower- ing, 215-216, 254; in Malaja, 214.
Dalhousieanum, WaU.,2M»i men- tioned 356.
Eoum, Ridl.,* 26L
eulophotum, LindL, 244; men- tioned 245.
euphlebium, Reickb.f., 258.
excisum, Lindl , 256.
Farmerii, P<ixt., 264.
fimbriatum, Lindl., 286.
FlabeUum, Beichb. f., 239.
flavidulum, Ridl., 259.
flexile, Ridl.,* 251.
funiforme, Blume, 231.
geraellum, Lindl., 252.
geminatum, Lindl., 233, 231.
grande, Rook.f., 243 ; mentioned 245,248.
grandiflorum, Lindl., 236.
Hasseltii, Lindl., 236.
hercoglussum, Reickb.f, 258.
heteroideum, Blume, 231,
Hosei, Ridl., 258.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
547
Dendrobium Hughii, Reichb, /., 263,
264.
hymenanthum, Hook.f.y 268.
hifmenopterumy Hook, f ., 263.
incoDdnum, RidUy 255, 232.
J'unoauin, LindL, 250. Ceithii, JRidl.^ 247. KelsaUi, Ridl* 287, 236. kentrodiilum, Hooh.f.y 261. kentrophylluin, HooJe.f.^ 250. Kunstlen, Hook.f., 239,235,236,
240, 242 ; flowering, 216. iacimoaum, Ridl.^ 242, 236. lamellatain, Lindl., 232, 262. Leonis, Eeichh.f., 248; mentioned
232, 246, 249; in Mabya,
214. lituiflomm, Lindh^ 2iM, Lobbii, Teyem. & Binn., 252. lonchophjlhun, Mook, /., 236,
235, 237. longicolle, Lindl.y 231, 233. longipes, Hook.f., 233. Macnei, ZtW/., 235, 236. macropoduro, Hook./., 233. Mannii, Sidl.y* 246. megaoeras, Hook./., 261. metaohilinum, Reichh.f.y 266. mioTanthum, Lindl.y in Malaja,
214. O'firieniannm, Kraenxl. (men- tioned as " 6WMmiji«m, Bolfe "),
260. oma^ttm, Blnme, 302. paUen8,j;i(;^,*241,236. paUidiflorom, Ridl.y* 240, 236,
242. pandaneti, Bidl.y^ 257. pensile, Ridl.y^ 253. perakense, Hook.f.y 233. pinifolia, £u{/., mentioned 252. pol^Hachifty Thou., 344. prostratum, Ridl.y* 248, 232. pumilum, Roxh,, 23i ; in Malaja,
214. pyropam, Ridl.y 261. reTolutum,XtWZ.,256; mentioned
257. rhizophoreti, Ridl.y* 245. rhodostele, Ridl.y 243. roseatum, Ridl.y* 261. rosellum, Ridl.y 248. roseo-punctum, Ridl.y* 240, 236. Boylei, Hook.f.y mentioned 243. sanguinolentum, Lindl.y 262 ;
mentioned, 263.
var. cerinum, RidLy 263.
Scopa, Lindl.y 236. Scorteobini, Hook /., 264. secundum, Lindl.y 259, 232.
Dendrobium Serra, Lindl.y 243 ; men- tioned, 244.
sinuatum, LindLy 244 ; menlionod 841.
streblooeras, Retohb.f., 283.
striolatum, Reichb./., 236.
subulatum, Sook.f., 251.
snperbum, Reickb. /., mentioned 265.
teres, Lindl.y 249 ; flowering, 216.
terminale, Par. 4* Reichb./., 245.
Treacherianum, Reichb./., 231.
trinervium, Ridl.y* 242.
tuberiferom, Hook./.y 254.
uniflorum, G^rt/f., 256.
Tillosulum, TTaZ/., 262.
Tirescens. Ridl.y* 259.
Tirid Ilium, jSuU., 259.
xantboleuoum, Reichb. /.y 237.
Zollingerianumy Teysm. & Binn., 238, 236, 239. Dendrocbilum, Blume, 287.
album, iZtrf;.,* 287.
aurantiacum, Blume, 287 ; dis- tribution, 217.
bracteosum, Reichb./, 287.
orassum, Ridl.,* mentioned 287.
linearifolium, Hook./., 287, 28L
longifolium, Reiohb. £., 280.
pallideflavens, BUtme, 287.
paUidiflorumy Hook. £. (splialm.), 287. Dendrocolla, Blume, partim, 376. DendrocoUa, Blume, 348.
amplexicaulis, BlumSy mentioned 878.
anceps, Blume, 880.
angustifolia, Blume, 380.
carinatifolia, Ridl.,* 382.
mtormUy Ridl.,* ZB2; flowering, 216 ; mentioned 384 ; in Malaya, 214.
fulgeus, Ridl.y* 388, 271.
Hystrix, Blume, 380.
macubUa, Ridl,,* 381.
merguensis, Ridl.,* 380.
par^Ois, Ridl.* 382.
pugionifoUa, Ridl.,* 380.
pulchella, Thw., 380.
subulata, Blume, 380.
TriobogloUis, iZu^.,** 381 ; in Malaya, 214. Dendrophylax, Reichb./., 844. Deemotriohum, Blume, 231 ; flowering, 216 ; includes § Cad^tia, Hook. £., 234.
comalumy Blume, 240,
comaium, liindl.y 238.
eonvexumy Blume, 231.
Jimbriatum, Blame, 231.
2 X 2
Digitized by
Googk
548
INDEX.
Dianella, Laur.y mentioned 415. * Dianthacen, term proposed bj Caruel,
8. DUnthe», tribe of, 8 ; its affinities, 22. Dianthos, Linn,^ mentioned 10.
leptopetaius, Wtlld,^ mentioned
10. prolifer, Linn.^ mentioned 10. Dichasiosilene §, 29-83 ; mentioned 16,
19. Didifsandm, C. B. Clarke^ abundance
in Perak, 497 ; in Malaya, 498. atropurpurea« Bidl.^* 504. flammea, Ridl.^^ 508 ; mentioned
604,506. frutescens, C. B. Clarke, 502;
mentioned 518. latisepaU, Bidl.* 508. quercifolia, jBu^/.,* 604; fruit of,
499. Didjmooarpus, Wall.y abundance in
Perak, 497; in Malaja, 498;
mentioned 616. albo • marginatuH, Henul.^ 506 ;
mentioned 509. asoendens, Ridl.^* 512. atrosanguinea, BidL^ 505. bullata, C B, Clarke^ mentioned
510. csrulea, Midi.,* 513; fruit of,
499. citrina, Bidl.* 508. corohorifolia, Wall., 508. cordata, IFa^., 514; in Kalaja,
498 ; mentioned 508.
rar. debilis, MidL* 514.
var. ophirensis, BidL,* 514.
crinita, Jack, 505; mentioned
506 ; in Malaya, 499. dentata. Bidl.* 515. flara, Midi.* 507. flaTobrunnea, Bi'dL, 509. heterophylla, Bidl., 510. hispida, Bidl.* 507. in»quali8, Bidl.^ 506. inoana, Bentk. ^ ffook.f., 512. EampsoboM, C. B. Clarke, 606 ;
mentioned 510. laxa, Ridl,'^ 610. lilac'ina, Bidl., 615. lonsipee, C B, Clarke, 609 ; men- tioned 508; in Malaya, 498. marginata, C. B, Clarke, 512 ; in
Malaya, 498. pectinata, C. B. Clarke, 514;
mentioned 615. platypus, C. B, Clarke, 505;
mentioned 506, 610 ; in Malaya,
499. producta, C. B. Clarke, 511.
Didymooarpus puncticulata, BidL,* 510. purpurea, Bidl,* 506. pyroliflora. Bidl,, 509. quinqueTulnera, Bidl., 506. regularis, Bidl.,* 515, mentioned
622. reptans, Jack, 611.
, Tar. montioola, Bidl.,* 611.
reticulosa, C, B, Clarke, men- tioned 610. salicina, Bidl,, 614. semitorta, C B, Clarke, 512; mentioned 510; in Malaya (misprinted semitata), 498. sericea, Bidl.,* 513. violacea, Bidl.,* 509. Didymoplezis pallens, Oriff., 406;
flowering, 215. Dieniafkwfa, LindU 224. Dilochia, Lindl., distribution, 217. Cantleyi, Ridl.,*^ 332. Wamcbii, Lindl., 882. Dioscorea, Flnm., leaves of Stemona
resemblinff, 490. Diphyee odorata, Blume, 274. Diplogama, Opiz, 24. Diploprora, Hook,/., mentioned 346. Dipodium, B, Br., distribution, 217. paludosum, Reichb.f., 389; men-
tioned 289-290. pictum, Beichb,/,, 839. Diptera fertilizmg orchids, 317, 346. Disperis, 8w,, absent from Malaya,
217. Disticbophyllfe § (Dendrobium), 232. Distribution of Malayan Cyrtandraoee, 499; Malayan Orobidee, 216; Vanilla, 444. Doritis, Lindl., 846. Dossinia, C. Morr., distribution, 217.
carmorata, C, Morr,, 402. DracsBua, Vaud., Neuwiedia fruit resembling, 416. iem^lora, Boxb., 339. Druce, Qt, C, new British grass, 426-
430. Druery, C. T., on Scolopendrium, 585-
587. Drymariese, affinities of, 22. Diypis, Mich., dehiscence of capsule, 6 ; genus menuoned, 9. spinosa, Linn., 4. Dyer, W. T. Thiselton, oomm. by, 490 ; photo, of Sararanga, 480.
Ecclesbourne, fossil plants from, 419. Economics of Yanilla, 444. Elitanthe Scouleri, Bupr., 168.
Digitized by
Googk
INDIX.
649
Elliot, G. F. S., ReriBion of PentM,
481-438. JBmpusa paradoxal Liudl., 224. Bnaemic species of Vanilla, 441 Sphippium ciliatumy Blame, 286. Epidendrum elaviculaium, Sw., 471. damesticumf Linn., 477. palmarumy Salzm.,466; mentioned
468. resupinatum, Font, f., 222. ranilla, Lmn., 440, 448, 450,
468. VauOlay Veil., 467. Epiphjlio orchids rare in Malaya, 214. Bpipremnom, Schott, mentioned 218. lq>istephium, Kunih, mentioned 443. ^ithema, JSlume, in Malaya, 497 ; its special fruit, 497. saxatile, Blume^ 628. Eria, Lindl.^ in Malaya, 215.
acerrata, LincU,, mentioned 298,
294. acridosiaehjfaf Scort., 295. aeridostaohja, Beickb. /. 296;
mentioned 296, 297, 298. albido-tomentosa, Limdl., 801. aponoa. Hook./,, 805. armeniaoa, LiudL^ mentioned, 802. bidens, Ridl.* 289. bractesoens, Lindl., 298. bnmea, Itidl.* 297. cepifolia, Itidl., 291. daeystachys, Hidl.^ 296. densa, JRidl., 290; mentioned 291 ; its synchronous flowering, 216, 291. disntiflora, Midl.^ 292. ehkta, Hook./., 804. Endymion, JkidL^ 295. ferox, Blume, 306. floribunda,Z4'iM^.,290; flowering,
216 ; mentioned 291, 294. mdlis. Hook. /., 806. iridifolia. Hook, /., 290; men- tioned 289. Kin^, Hook, f ., 288, 289.
Tar. major, Bidl.* 289.
lancifolia. Hook,/,, 804. latibracteata, Ridl,* 293. leiophylla, Lindl., 804. leptocarpa, Hook.f., 800. longe-repens, RuU,, 800. longifolia, Hook,/., 290. lorifolia, BidL^^^ 296. Maingayi, Hook,/, 291. major, Bidl., 288, 289. Meirax, y. E. Br.^ 806. minuiiflora, Bidl,,^ 297. montioola. Hook./,, 306. neglecta, Bidl,, 880.
Bria nutans, Lindl., 800.
obliqua, Limdl., 288.
oligantha, Hook,/,, 806.
omata, lAjkdL, 302.
pannea» lAndX., 303.
pauciflora, Wigkt, alluded lo, 21)9.
pellipes, Beichb,/, 803.
pibfera, Bidl.,* 299.
poculata, Bidl.,^ 805.
polystachya, A, Bich,, mentioned 292.
pudica, Bidl.,* 294.
pulchella, Lindl., 808.
recunrata. Hook, /, 293 ; men- tioned 294.
sacdfera. Hook./, 291.
Soortechinii, Hook,/, 306.
Scortechimi, Stapf, 288, 289.
stellata, Lindl,, 233, 304.
striolata, Beickh./, 30^.
suaveolens, £uf^.,<* 292.
tenuiflora, Bidl.,* 291.
tomentosa, Hook./, 802.
tuberosa. Hook,/, 306.
▼elutina, Xm^c^., 306.
Testita, ZiW/., 304. Eriaxis, BeicAb./, mentioned 448. Esmeralda, Reichb./, 345.
Cathcarti, Beichb./, 345.
Churkei,jBtficA&./.,345; mentioned 846. Eudendrobium §, 232. Eudianthe, Beichb., 5, 8 ; defined, 12 ; mentioned 9, 11.
CoBli-roea, Fentl, 16.
CoBli-rosa, Beichb., 189.
Corsica, Fenxl, 16.
Ista, JVim/, 16. Eulophia, B. Br,, 214 ; distribution, 217.
elata, Hook,/, 882.
graminea, Lindl,, 332 ; mentioned 833
Keithii, Bidl.,* 333. squalida, Lindl,, 332. Eu.Wchnis §, 8.
Ensilene §, iU divisions, 26-87; its subdifisions, 16.
Farmer, J. B., on Scolopendrium,
538. Fauro Island, Sararanga from, 479. Ferns, hybrid, 529. Fertilixation of orchids by Diptera,
317 ; by hymenoptera, 334, 886 ; of
Vanilla, 441, 442. FiMia listochiloideM, Oaudioh., 845. Figures of Silene cited, 21. Flower of Sararanga, 480-486.
Digitized by
Googk
550
INDKX.
Flowering of orchids in Malaja, 216 ;
aimultaneouB, 216, 216. Formo0» § (Dendrobium), absent, 238. Fornicaria §, should be a genus, 847,
348; aowering, 216. Franchet, man j of his Yun-nan species
10 be transferred, 16, 127. Fruit of Sararanga, 486, 486; of
Silenoidee, 6. Fruits of Malayan CTjrtandracee, 498.
(Hhnia, Forst., in Malaya, 217. Galeola, Lour.f mentioned 448. altissima, Reichh.f,t 396. Hydra, Seichb.f., 395, 477. javanica, BetUh, et Hook, /*., 396. Oanja, 626. Oastrodia Hasseltii, Blnmey 409.
jayanica, Lindl., 409. Qastrolychnis, 15. Gastrosilene, subgen., Williams,^ 15 ;
diTisions of, 24-26. Qsjt J., note on ^renaria pungens, 16. Ghenera, intermediate, proposed by
German botanists, 10. Goodorum, Jacks,, 214. oitrinum, Jackt,^ 336. Jkicatum, Lindl., 385. purpureum, JR. Br., 336. Qeorohit cordafa, Lindl., 403. Ghost's onion orchid, 332. Glomera, Blumey mentioned 298. Godron, D. A., his work on Silene, 2,
113. Goodyera cordata, Nichols,, 403. gracilis, Booh.f,, 403. rubens, Blume, 403; mentioned 405. Grammatophyllum, Blume, distribu- tion, 217. speciosum, Blume, 335 ; fertiliza- tion of, 336-338 ; large plants, 336 ; length of flowering, 216, 216. Graphis assimilis, Nyl., 2ffl, comparilis, NyL, 207. emersa, Muell. Arg., 207. Grass, new British (Druce), 426. Green, J. B., comm. by (Seward),
417. Griffith, W., his Malayan Collections,
213. Orotourdya, Reichb. f., 348. eleyans, Beichb. f ., 348. Ougunjah Putih, 626. Chinjah, 526.
^uppy. Dr. H. B., Sararanga col- lected by, 479.
G^mnosiphon, Blnme, flowering, 215. Gypeophila, Linn., mentioned 9. hirsuta, Spreny., 189. ortegioides, Boitt., a doubtful species, 9. Gypsophiloide®, JFUliams* subtribe, 4 ; ito affinities, 22.
Habenaria, WiUd., distribution, 217.
camea, B, Br., 412.
yar. conoolor, BidL,^ 412.
Gigas, Hook.f., 412.
glauoesoens, Ridl.,^ 412.
goodyeroidee, D. Don, mentioned 413.
Kingii, Eook.f., 410.
laoertifera, Bentk., 413; men- tioned, 414 ; in Malaya, 214.
— yar robusta, Ilook. f., 413.
yar. robustior, KraenzL,
413.
Lindleyana, Sieud., 410.
militaris, Reichh. /., mentioned 411.
monticola, Ridl,* 413.
Muptoni, Hook.f., 410.
salaccensis, Blume, mentioned 411.
singapuronsis, Ridl.,* 410.
tentaculata, Reichb. f., mentioned 414.
xanthochila, Ridl.* 411.
xoeterostyloides. Hook,/., 411. Habitats of Malayan orchids, 214. Hflsmaria, Lindl., distribution, 217.
discolor, Lindl., 401.
yar. concolor, Ridl.j^ 401.
yar. Ordiana, Ridl.,* 401.
yar. Otlet», Ridl.,^ 401.
OiUta, Bolfe, 401. Halimeda, Lamx., referred to, 209,
211. Redone, Lour., 8.
einen*is, Lour., 8. Heliosperma, Reichb., 6, 7, 14 ; deflned, 11.
alpestre, Reichb., 189 ; mentioned 9. Hemsley, W. B., amended description
of Sararanga, 479, 488. Hetsria alba, Ridl.,^ 404.
elata, Hook.f., 403.
elongata, Lindl. ^ 404.
javanica, Blume, 399.
nitida, Ridl.,* 404.
obliqua, Blume, 403. Heterodromy, term defined, 15. Hornets fertilizing orchids, 334. Hntan, 415. Hybrid ferns, 629.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
551
HjbridB in Silene, 10.
Hylophila, Lindl., distribution, 217.
lanoeolata, Hook,/., 408.
mollis, Lindl.y 402. Hjmenoptera fertilizing orchid«, 334, 336, 346 ; to YanUU, 442.
lUecebraoefle, affinities of, 22. Xpeea Wrayana, Eook.f., 311. Isachne australis, J2. J?r., 225. Isanthera parviflora, Eidl., 521.
Jamba, 416.
Job! Island, Sararanga from, 479.
Julong Bimbah, 605.
Kaleria, Adans., 12, 24.
Keith, Dr., his Siamese collections, 214.
Kelsall, Lieut., his Malayan collec- tions, 213.
Kinching Pelandok, 415.
Kinta weed, 356.
Knnstler, his collections in Perak, 213.
Lake, Mr., his Mslajan collections, 214.
Larix, Tourn., fossil, 418.
Lastrea pseudo-mas, var. cristate,
Bolton, 637. Leoania Babingtonii, Muell. Arg.,
204. Lecanora asperella, Hampe, 203.
atra, Aeh,, 204. Lecanorohis malaccensis, Ridl., 409;
distribution, 217 ; flowering, 216. Lecidea bscidioides, Muell. Arg.^ 205. cinnabarina, Sommerf., 205. coarotata, 2fgl., Tar. decipiens,
MneU, Arg.* 205. crustolata, Koerh., 205. marginiflexa, Hook. f. k Tajl.,
206. melaclina, Njl., 205. oxgtpora, Nyl., 207. parasema, Ifyl., 205. Lecrsia hexandra, 8w., 225. Lepidogjne longifolia, JBlume, 405. Lcpidoptera, fertilizing orchids, 346 ;
Hennaria, 401-2. Lopidosperma, LabUl., in Malaya, 217. Leptogium dendroides, ^yl., 197. Pecten, F, WiU., 197. phyllocarpum, f. isidiosa, Muell.
Arg,, 197. tremeiloides, iV., 197. yar. azureum, Ngl., 197.
Leptogium tremelloides var. lacinia- turn, Tuckerm., 197.
yar. pichneum, Ngl., 197.
Leptosilene, Fourr., 24. Leptospermum, Forst, in Malaya, 217. Leucolena omata, SidL, 342. Lichens from New Zeedand (Mueller
Arg.), 197-208. Limatodis punctata, Lindl., 314. Lip, used in classifying Dendrobia,
236. Lipans, JRich., distribution, 217.
angustifolia, Lindl., mentioned
229. atropurpurea, LindL, mentioned
226. ceespitosa, Lindl., mentioned 229. oomosa, RidL,* 229. oompressa, lAndl., 230. disticha, Lindl., 229. elegans, Lindl., 228; mentioned
229. elegamtiesima, Hort., 220. ferruffinea, Lindl., 224. flaccida, Seichb.f,, 228. furcaf a, Eidl.,* 226. gracilis, Hook.f., 228. lacerate, Ridl, 221, latifolia, lAndl., 228. Loeselii, A. Bich., 225. longipes, Lindl., 229. Mamgayi, Bidl.,* 226, 227. nervosa, Lindl, 224, 225. obsoura, Hook.f., 229. odorata, Lindl., 224. paradoxa, Bcichb. f., 224, 225;
in MaUya, 214. parvula, Bidl.,* 226, 227. Scorterhini, Hook, f., 228. transtillata, Midi.,* 225. Tenosa, Eidl., 224; mentioned
227. Wrayii, Hook,/., 225. Liponeurum, Sohott, 3. Lobb, T., his collections badly labelled,
213. Lobue oblongus aromaticus, Clusius,
439. Lockhartia, Hook., 344. Lopadium ferrugineum, Muell. Arg,,
206. Loranthus, Linn., native name for,
854. Lowe, E. J., division of Scolopendrium
prothallus, 629-589. Luisia, Gaudich,, 345, 363. antennifera, JBlume, 349. brachgeiachgs, Blume, 349. teretifolia, Gaudich., 349. tristis, Hook./, 349.
Digitized by
Googk
552
INDEX.
Lidumhah, 218.
Lulumhah Pa^aky 396.
Lumhcihy Malayan for terrestrial
orchid, 218. Lumbah.Lumbah, 218. Lumpuh MunahoHy 523. LychnidesB, tribe of, 3 ; mentioned 4, 5. Lychnis, Toum.^ capsule of, 5 ; defini- tion of, 6 ; genus defined, 11 ; some species transferred to Melandiyum, 7. alpiua, Linn., 3. Behen, etc., Buzb., 49. cabuUcay Aitch., 153. oalcedonica, Linn,, 7 ; Braun's
views on, 8. caUfomicay S. Wats., 84. Coronarta, Lam., 8. coronaU IThunb. /J, 8. Ci^lliy Bichter, 8. dicUniSf Lag., 7. dioica, Linn., 7. nivalis, Kit., 9, 101. nummularia, Lapejr., 7. orienialis hupleuf^oliay Toum.,
134. sibirioa, Linn., 8. Lychnoides, 13.
Macodes Petola, Blume, 399. Maingay, Dr., his Malayan collection,
213. MaUxis Rheedii, JFilld,, 220. Malaya, Cyrtandraoes from (Bidley), 497-528; Orchidese and Aposta- siaceiB of (Ridley), 213-416. Marcbantia-like young ferns, 532, 533,
535. Melaleuca, Linn,, in Malaya, 217. Melandrium, auot., 7. Melandryum, Reichh,, defined, 11 ; dehiscence of capsule, 5 ; men- tioned 6, 7 ; species of Silene referable to, 186-189. itpricum, Bohrb., 167.
yKr,firmwn, Rohrb., 168.
auriculatum, Rohrb., 188. Baldwini, Rohrb,, 188. cetbulicutn, Boiss., 152. Elizabetbes, i^o^i., mentioned, 50. firmum, Rohrb., 168. illinoSnse, Rohrb,, 188. indicum. Waif,, 188. intrutum, Rohrb., 78. lacerum, Williamt,* 188, 50. laciniatimi, Rohrb., 188. lanuginosum, Rohrb., 188. nivale, Nym., 101. nivale, J^ym., 188.
Melandryum noctiflonun, Fries, 188.
Oldhamianum, Bohrb., 167.
Olgm, Maxim., 160.
omatum, Aschers., 188.
pennsylranicum, Rohrb^ 188.
pratense, Oarcke, 11.
Requieni, Rohrb., 188.
rotundifolium, Rohrb,, 188.
rubrum, Roehl., 11.
virginicum, A. Br,, 188.
yiscosum, Celak,, 175, 188. Melipone fertilizing Vanilla, 412. Mexican Vanilla, 440, 463. Micropera, Lindl., mentioned 348. Microsaocus, Blume, 363 ; distxibation, 217; mentioned 345, 347.
jarensis, Blume, 363.
frirent. Hook, f., 349. Microstylis, Nutt., 220; distribution, 217.
acutangula, Hooh, f., 221 ; men- tioned 226.
calophylla, Reichb, f.,230, 221.
commelinifblia, ZoU, 4* Mor., 221.
oongesta, Reichb.f,, 223; colour of flowers, 225.
, var, fusca, Ridl,,^ 224.
furcata. Hook, f ., 226.
maorochila, Rolfe, 223.
Main^avi, Hook, f., 226.
micrantha. Rook,/,, 221.
parvula. Hook, f., 226.
perakensis, Ridl,,^ 222.
plantoffinea. Hook, f., 222.
plantaginea, Steud,, 222,
praaina, Ridl.,^ 223.
Rheedii, Lindl., 222.
Rheedii, Wight, 222.
ScoUii, Hook, f., 220, 221.
Wallichii, Lindl., mentioned 223. " Mittelgattungen," proposed, 10. Monanthaparra, Ridl,, a new section
of Bulbophyllum, 269. Monophylloa, R. Br., in Malaya, 498.
Horsfieldii, R. Br., 523. Moore, T., his opinion on fern-hybrids,
529. Mueller, Dr. J., on Golenso's New
Zealand Lichens, 197-206. Murray, B. Gt, M., comm. by (Bosse),
209. Muteipula, Rupp., 24. Musk-flower orchid, 353. Myobroma fragrant, Salisb., 440, 446,
463; mentioned 464. Mystacidium, LindL, not in Malaya,
217. Myxodictyon chrysoetictam, Masaal., 204.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
553
Kaegeli's yiews on oharaof en, 4, 5. Nepnelsphyllum ffrandiflorum, Hook, f., 316. pulohmm, Blume^ 314. tenuifoliuni, JBluwu, 314. Kephiomium Ljallii, Ch, Bah., men- tioned 201. Nesolechia oxjspora, Massal.y 207. Nmtropoffon melaxatUhut rar. Moredii'
fera, Cromb., 200. Keuwiedia Curtiiii, Rolfej 416. OrifBthii, Jteichb.f., 416. Lindleji, Rolfe, 416. New C^rgift, Sarannga from, 479. New Zealand lichens (Mueller Arg.),
197-201. Nibong palm, 284, 825. Nomenclature, stability of, 21. Nyctaginacee, connections of, 22.
Obema, Adans., 12, 24. Oberonia, LindL, 218. anceps, lAwdLy 219. bruneeoens, RidL,* 220. dliolata. Hook./., 220. dissitiflora, Ridl,* 218. padlis, Eook.f.y 220. insectifera, Rook, f,, 219; men- tioned 218. lunata, LimdL, 219. miniata, LindL, 220. porpliyroobila, Ridl,* 220. rosea, Hook,/,, 219. Soortechini, Hook,/., 219. stenophjUa, Ridl.,* 218. Treubii, Ridl,,^ 219. Ooellulana cayata, Muell. Arg,, 207. Odontoohilus breristylis, Hook, /,, 401. calcaratus. Hook,/, 401. macranthus, Hook,/, 400. peotinatum. Hook,/, 401. Oneomm, Dnlac, 24. Oncosperma filamentosnm, Blume, habitat of an orchid, 284, mentioned 825. Onion epiphyte, 384. Opegrapha subfarinosa, Mnell. Arg,,
207. Orohidee, Malayan (Bidley), 213- 416; fertUization of, 334, 336 346. Orndice, Beichb. f., 37a OtUes, Adans., 12, 24. Otomeria dilatata, Hiem, 437 ; nom- ben,43& speciosa, S, Elliot,^ 437; num- bers, 438. Otth, G., his elaboration of SiltM, 1, 13.
Ozyanthera, Brongn,, 394 ; distribu- tion, 217. decurva. Hook,/, 394. elata, Hook,/, 3V>4.
Pachyphyllum, H, B. ^ K,, 344. Padang Batu, native name for a rocky
slope, 215. Palea of Bromus interruptus, 429. Pandanus, Rumph., affinities with Sararanga, 486. atrocarpus, Griff,, the habitat of
an orchid, 257. fasoiculatUB [?] pollen, 489. Pannaria f ulvescens, Nyl,, 203. ^nidifera, Muell. Arg.,^ 203. mibricatula, Muell. Arg., 204. immixta, var. gyrantha, Ngl., 203. Ford Chindmai, 303. Parmelia cetrata, Ach,, 203.
perlata, var. oiliata f. sorediifera,
MueU. Arg., 202. pertransita, Stirt,, 203. physodes, Tar. lugubris, Ngl., 203.
— ?ar. pulTerata, Mnell. Arg., 203.
var. soluta, Muell, Arg., 2C3.
Parmcliella Gayana, MuelL Arg., 204.
tritophylla, MueU, Arg,, 204. Patellaria cssio-pallens, MueU, Arg., mentioned 205.
marginifleza, MueU, Arg., 205.
meladina, Muell, Arg,, 205.
melasema, Muell. Arg,, 206.
millegrana, MueU. Arg., 205.
subcamea, Muell. Arg., mentioned 205.
Tariegata, MueU, Arg,,* 206. Pedilonum §, 232.
Pelatantheria, Ridl,,^ 371 ; mentioned 347.
cristata, Ridl.,^ 373.
Ctenoglossum, Ridl.,^ 372.
insectifera, Ridl,,* 373. Peltigera polydactyla, Hoffm,, 201.
var. dolichorrhiia, Ngl.,
291.
Tar. scutata, Nyl., 201.
pusilla, Kotrh., 201. " Penguin," Sararanga coll. by officers
of, 479. Pentas, BetUk., BcTition of genus (Elliot), 431-438 ; cUivis (not indexed), 431. Ainsworthii, 8. Elliot,* 433,
numbers 438. arvensis, Hierm, 436; numbers,
438. var. violacea, Hiern,* 436.
Digitized by
Googk
554
INDEX.
Pentas oamea, Beutk., 483; mentioned 487,488.
Tar. comorensis, 8. Slliot^*
484.
Tar. hoitensis, 8, JSUiot*
483.
Tap. Kloteschii, S. Elliot •
484.
Tar. Quartiniana, 8. Elliot^*
434. Tap. Welwitschii, 8. Elliot *
484. eonfertifolia, Baker ^ 432. elata, K, 8ehum.t 485 ; numbers,
488. glabrescens, ^a>t0r, 482; numbers,
488. biptiflopa, Baker J 487 ; numbers,
488. tnvolucraiaf Baker, 437. lanoeolata, K. 8chum.* 432. longiflora, Oliver, 438 ; numbers,
488.
Tap. nyassana, 8. EUioty^
438.
longituba, K, 8chum., 432 ; num- bers, 488.
miormntha. Baker, 487 ; numbers, 438.
muBsendoides, Baker, 437; num- bers, 434.
occidentalis, Benth. ^ Hook, /., 435 ; numbers, 438.
parriflora, Benth., 436 ; numbers, 438.
parrifolia, Hiem, 435 ; numbers, 438.
pauciflora, Baker, 432 ; mentioned 438.
purpurea, Oliver, 436; numbers, 438.
-^— Tap. Buohanani, 8, Elliot,^ 436.
Tap. typica, 8. Elliot * 436.
Schimpepiana, Vatke, 435; num- beps, 488.
Schweinf upthii, 5. Elliot,^ 432 ; numbeps, 438.
speciota. Baker, 437.
Thomsonii, 8, Elliot,^ 485 ; men- tioned 487, 438.
Terticillata, K, 8chum,* 431; numbers, 438.
Tolubilis, K. Schum.,^ 437 ; num- bers, 488.
Woodii, 8. Elliot,* 484; num- bers, 488. Pertusaria oreberrima, 8tirt., 205.
subTaginata, Nyl., 204. Petrocoptis, A. Br., 7 ; defined, 11.
Fetrocoplis pyrenaTca, A. Br., 189. PetroHlene, Fourr., 24. Fence, Rich., fossil, 417. Phaius Blumei, lAndl., 313.
callosus, LindL, 813.
grandifolius, Lour., a doubtful plant, 313.
^llidus, BidL* 813.
Wallichii, LindL, 313. Phalsnopsis, Blutne, 846.
alboviolacea, Bidl., 352.
Gopnu-oePTi, Blume ^ ReichJ'.f.y 852.
Esmeralda, Reichb.f., 352.
fuscata, Beichb.f., 352.
Kunstleri, Eook.f., 352.
mu9cicola, Midi., 352.
sumalrana, Korth. Sf Beichh, f,, 852.
violacea, Teysm. & Binn., 345.
Tiolacea, Twm. Sf Binn., 352.
Tar. Auirtoni, 852.
tehrina, Teysm. & Binn., 852. Phlyotella neozelandica, iVy/., 205. Fholidota articulata, LindL, men- tioned 328.
decurra, Bidl.,* 328.
imbricata, LindL, 828. '
mierantha. Hook./., 328. Phreatia listrophora, Bidl.,* 307.
minutiflora, LindL, 307.
Myosurus, LindL, 307.
nana, Hook./., 307. Phryna §, 9.
Phylloboa, Benth. S( Hook. /.. in Malaya, 498.
specioea, Midi.,* 522. PhyUopsora parvifolia, MvelL Arg.^
204. Phytolaccacete, connection of, 22. Pigeon-orchid, simultaneous flowering,
254. Pinites, EndL, new species of (Seward), 417-426.
Conwentzianus, Ooepp. ^ Stens.y 418, 419.
Nathorsti, Conw., 425.
Buffoidi, 8eward,* 420; section of, 421. Pinus, Tourn., fossil, 417, 418, 419.
suooinifera, Conw., 422. Pityoxylon, Kraus, 418, 419. Platyolinis, Benth., 230, 287 ; distribu- tion, 217 ; in Malaya, 215.
gracilis. Hook./., 281.
fcngii, Hook./., 230.
linearifolium, Stdl.,* 281.
lineapis, Bidl.,* 230.
longifolia, HemsL, 230, feptil. bj a beetle, 230 ; mentioned 238.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
565
Plesioneurft asmara, fertil. H»mana,
401-2. Ploooglottit, Blutnet 817 ; distribution, 217. acuminata, Blumej mentioned
318. dilatata, Blume, 319. foBtida, Sidl.^ 319. jayanica, Blume^ 319; mentioned
818. porph^rophylla, BidL* 81S; ita fertilization, 317. Podochilus, Blume, appendage, 888; distribution, 217. acicularif, Hook.f.y 386. lucesoens, Blume, 386. microphyllus, LindL, 386. unciferus. Hook, /., 385 j men- tioned 387. Podura plumbea, impregnating ferns,
531. Pogonia, JWm., distribution, 217. flabelliformis, Lindl., 406. punctata, Blume, 408. striata, Bidl., 408. Poho Apt- Apt Sesudu, 854. Poko Atfom BatUy 527. Poko Kura Kuhong^ 303. Poko Tumhah Utar, 403. PoljcarpesB, affinities of, 22. Poljoarpineie, affinities of, 22. Polytchemone nivalis, Schott, 9, 16,
101. Polystaohya, Hook., 342 ; distribution, 217. luteola. Hook., mentioned 842. mauritiana, Spreng, 344. penangensis, Bidl.,* 344; men- tioned 342. purpurea, Wight, mentioned 342,
843. •iamensia, BidL* 343. singapurensis, Midi.,* 343 ; men- tioned 344. Wightii, Reichh, f., mentioned
842. xejlanica, LindL, 844 ; mentioned
842. zeylanica, Lindl. partim, 844. Porina albinula, Muell. Arg., 208. leuoothallina, Muell. Arg.,* 208. mundula, Muell. Arg.^ 208. Portulacaceep, connection of, 22. President [C. B. Clarke"^, comm. by
(Stapf), 479. Priority of names, 21. Prothallus, dirision of (Lowe), 529-
539. Pseudocodium,*^ Boue, 209-212. De-Vrieeei,* Boeee, 209-212.
Pseudophyscia speciosa, rar. hypoleuca
f. sorediifera, Muell. Arg., 203. Psora decipiens, Hoffm., mentioned
20ft. Psoroma araneosnm, Nyl., 203. asperella, N$l., 203. spninctrinum, Nyl., 203. — ^ var. discretum, Ntfl., 203.
var. pholidotoides, Ngl*y
208. Pulampa* Budak, 415. Pyxidium of Drypis, mentioned 5.
Ranialina Eckloni, var. membranacea,
Muell. Arg., 200. Renanthera, Lour., genus in Malaya, 214; mentioned 351; spur of, 346. alba, Midi.,* 353. angustifolia, Hook./., 354. .Arachnites, Lindl., 353. elongata, Lindl., 354. hietrionica, Reichb. f., 855. Maingayi, Midi.,* 353. micrantha, Blume, 354. Benantherella, Bidl.,* 354 ; mentioned 846. histrionica, Midi.,* 355. Rhaphidophora, Htuek., mentioned
218. Rhynchostylis, Blume, its spur, 846, 347. gigantea, Sidl.,* 356. retusa, Blume, 356. Rhynchotechum, Blume, in Malaya, 497. parriflorum, Blume, 524.
var. penangsneis, C. B»
Clarke, 524. RieoMolia Monlagnei, Nyl., 202. Ridley, H. N., Cyrtandracea) malay- enses, 497-528 ; Orchidete and Apot- tasiaceie of tUe Malay Archipelago, 213-416. Ridleya §, 847. Rohrbach, his monograph of Sil^ne,
1, 2, 13, 14. Rolfe, R. A., revision of Vanilla, 439-
478. Roxhurghia gloriota, Pers., 494. glorioeoides, Roxb., 494. glorioeoidee, Wight, 495.
var. minor, Thw., 495.
gloriotoidee, ZolL, 496. japonica, Blume, 493. japonica, Miq., 493. javanica, Kunth, 496. ^— > var. auslraliana, Benth.,. 496.
Digitized by
Googk
656
INDEX.
Roxhurgkia moluccanOy Blmne, 494.
rv9cifolia, Zuco., 493.
tesnlifoliay Miq., 493.
Siemona, Steud , 494.
xfiridxfiora^ Sm., 404. Eugum Bukit, h\l. Sumpui Raja, 251.
Bacool&bium, Blwne, 346, 363, 364; its Yucid disc, 317; spur of, 34(^ 347.
bigibbum, Reichb.f., 362.
caioeolare, Lindl.y 362.
oomigenun, Sidl.t* 861.
fissnm, Midi.* 361.
flaTeolum, Midi.* 360.
giganteumy Lindl., 264, 356.
Helferi, Hook.f.y 365.
lUtorahy Reiohb. f., 356.
luisifolium, Ridl.y^ 360.
miniatura, lAndLy 362.
minimiflorum, Hook.f.y 362.
miserum, Sidl.,* 359.
penangianum, Hook, /., 362 ; mentioned 361.
perpusillom, Hook.f.y 358.
saxicolum, Sidl.y 362.
tenuicaule, Hook.f,y 360. ■Sakaty Malayan for epiphyte, 217. 8akat Bawang, 384. J3akat Bigu9,'^0S. Sakat Bungay 311. Sakat Kalumbaiy 234. Sakat Lidah Buaya, 219. Sakat Tuld UlaVy 321. Sakat Vbat KapialUy 384. Sakat Ulary 368. San Juan HutaUy 415. -Saponaria, Linn.y mentioned 8, 9.
Baumgarteniy Janka, 102.
caspitosay 8ibth. & Sm., 97.
dioicay Cham. & Schleoht., 127.
BumiliOy Tanfani, 46.
Vaccariay Mandon, 127. Saprophytic orchids flowering, 215. Sararanga sinuosa, Henisl.y redescribed, 488 ; mentioned 480 ; structure of flower and fmit (Stopf), 479-489. Sarcanthese, 846. -Sarcanthus, Lindl.y 347, 871.
bracteatus, Bidl.y* 870.
castaneus, Midl.y* 369.
halophiluB, -Rirf/.,* 367.
inseciiferay Beichb. f., 873.
oxyphgllwty Wall.,* 868.
Parishii, Hook, /., mentioned 8C9.
pensilis, Bidl* 369.
saoculatus, Ridl.,* 368.
Sarcanthus secundus, Griff., 368; mentioned 867. Soorteohinii, Hook.f.y 368. Sarooohilus, B. Br., 347; defined, 348. adnatus, JSu^Z.,* 373. aureus, Hook.f.y mentioned 373. bomeensiSy Bolfe, 879. brachyglottis, Hook.f.y mentioned
873. hrachyttachgsy Hook, f., 377, 378- Caleeolusy Lindl., 378. caligaris, Bidl.y 373. carinatifoliuty Ridl., 882. cladostacbys, Hook.f.y mentioned
373. fUiformiSy Hook, f., 882. hirsutus, Hook.f.y mentioned 373. kirtulusy Hook, f., 875. lHacinuty Griff., 377. merguensigy Hook, f., 880. notability Hook, f., 379. pardality Ridl., 382. paucijlorugy Hook, f., 377, 378. pugionifoliusy Hook, f ., 380. reeurvwy Hook, f., 882. Scortechiniy Hook, f., 877, 378. stenoglottis. Hook, f., mentioned
878. tanyphyllus, Bidl.y 873. TrichoglottUy Hook, f., 381. Sariy 251. Satyrium, Linn., absent from Malaya,
217. Schoenorchis, Reinw.y 847. Sohott, H. W., his work on Silene, 3. Scolopendrium Tulgare, Sm.y prothal- lus-dirision of (Lowe), 529-539.
var. crispum, 582.
Tar. crispum-Cowbiumi, 533.
var. Drummondffi, 537.
Scortechini, Father, collected in Perak,
213. Scott, D. H., on prothallus-diTision,
529, 589. Sea-shore orchid, 384. Sertif era, Lindl., mentioned 413. Sesudmky 354. Seward, A. C, New species of fossil
Conifer, 417-425. Shoe-flower, 415. Silenaoeffi, tenn not discusved, 3. Silene, Adans., 12.
Silene, Linn.y revision of the genus (Williams), 1-196; defined, 6, 12; circumscribed, 23-24; clavis (not indexed), 24-87 ; dehiscence of capsule, 5; index (not incorporated), 191-196 ; mentioned 6.
Digitized by
Googk
INDIX.
657
Silene, Xtnii., as a subgenus, 14. acaulis, Xtma., 101.
— f. subaoaaletoens, 101. var. bryoidet, Williams, 101.
— Tar. exscapa, Otth, 101.
Tar. genuina, Willk, ^
Lange,^ 101.
parvUlora, Ofcfch, 102.
acaulit, WiUk., 101. acuUfolia, Rokrh., 99. adenaniha, Franoh., 186. adsoendens, Lctg,, 70. odMHa, Ball, 61. fegyptiaoa, jLinn.f.y 115, 189. athiopicaf Burm. f., 76. atolica, Heldr., 126. affghanica, Rohrb., 165. qffinis, Gk)dr , 63 j mentioned 66. affiuis, Boitt.j 62 ; mentioned 66. agrestima, Jord. & Fourr., 191. Offrigentinai Loj., 183. Agro^temma, Willk , 70. Akinfijewi, Schmalh., 41. Alexandri, Silleb., 182. Allamanmiy Otth, 188. Almols, J. Gay, 128. alpettrxMf Jaoq., 96. alpestris, Otth, 189. olpeHri*, Willd., 106. a//H»<i, 8. P. Gray, 101. alpina, Thomas, 47. altaica, Pers., 150, 189. amana, Boiss,, 169. amroophila, Boist. S( Seldr.y 50. amcBna, Kill, 46. amana, Huds., 47. amcBna, Linn., 188. amphorina, PomeU 53. ampullata, Boiss., 44. amurensig, Fomel, 183. andrjalffifolia, Pomel, 157. angiica, Linn., 57, 189. angusiifolia, D. Dietr., 69. angyiifolia, Otth, 189. anisoloba, Schrenk, 149. Anielopumf Steud., 47. antiochicha, Frejn, 133. antirrhina, Linn., 127. Tar. divaricala, B. L. Bobin-
son, 127.
Tar. graciliSf Camb., 127.
Tar. linaria. Wood, 127.
var. pteroiteura, Ball &
Claras, 132. antirrhina, Otth, 113. apetala, Groves, 69, 60. apetala, Willd,, 74.
Tar. alexandrina, Atch., 74.
aprica, Tmrcz., 167.
Tar. firma, Williams, 168.
Silene aprica. Tar. tjpica, Bokrb,, 167. arabioa, Boiss., 66. arabica, Williams,* 66. araxina, Trautv,, 41. arenarioidts, Desf., 190. arenosa, C Koch, 122 ; mentioned
18. argsa, Fisch, ^ Meg., 79. argentea, Ledeb., 164. — Tar. cappadociea, Bohrb.,
164. arj^illosa, Munbg, 115. arguta, Fentl, 93.
Tar. armena, Boiss,^ 93.
— ^ Tar. sisianica, Kohrb., 93. Aristidis, Pomel, 152. armena, Boiss,, 139.
Tar. scabridula, Williams, 139.
armeniaoa, Rohrb., 163. Armeria, Asso, 191. Armeria, Linn,, 108. articulata, ViT., 68. arvensis. Lose., 129. aseUpiadea, Franch., 186. aspera, A. Br., 186. a*perifolia, Freyn, 165. assgriaoa^ Haussk. & Bomm.,*^
131. Astartes, Boiss. k Blanche, 182. Asterias, Oriseb,, 109. atlantica, Coss. 4* Dur,, 75. atoeia, Lig., 115. atocioides, Boiss,, IIG. Aiocion, Murr., 115. Aucheriana, Boiss., 95. Tar. Tiscoea, JVeyii 4- 8ini.,
95. auricuUefolia, Fomel, 184. auriculata, Otth, 188. avromana, ^o»m. 4* Haussk,, 134 5
mentioned 136. baicalsnsis, Turcx., 191. BaUnsA, Boiss., 139. Baldwgnii, Otth, 188. Barbejana, Heldr., D7. Bastardi, Bor., 4«. Baumgarteni, AAo/< 4* Kolschw,
102. Behen, Xymw., 130; mentioned 15. Behru, Williams,* 180. bellidi/olia, Jacq., 189. Bergiana, Lindm., 113. Bernardina, 8. Wafs., 186. Biafra), iToo*./., 76. biappendiculata, Ehrenb., 63. fttcotor, There, 119, 190. bipartita, Jacq., 71.
Tar. Utsiocalgx, Willk., 72.
Tar. pteropleura, Co»8., 72.
^AtftntVa, Jord. & Fourr., 191.
Digitized by
Googk
558
INDEX.
fiilene Boifsieri, J. Ghtj, 128. Baisrierif Tineo, 191. Jtorderiy Jord., 77. Bommuelleri, Fre^n^ 162.
Tar. subalpina, Freyn, 162.
Boryi, BoUs, 85.
- — Tar. tejedensis, Willk, S;
Lange, 85. BouHui, Jord., 59. hrachyantha^ Sohur, 47. brachjcarpa, Baits, <f Bal., 164. brachjpetala, iZo5. dff Cast., 59.
Tar. permixta, Willk,, 60.
hrachy$tachy9^ Webb, 64. brahuioa, BoUs., 149. breTicaulis, Boiat , 85. breTistipes, Williams,* 62. Bridgeei, JZoArd., 159. Brotherana, Somm. ^ Lev., 40. hryoidesj Jord., 101. bupleuroides, Xiftji., 184.
Tar. solenocaltfXf Boiss., 135.
Burchellii, Otih, 76.
Tar. cemua, Bohrh,^ 76.
Tar. latifolia, Bond., 76.
Tar. pilosellffifolia, Sond,, 76.
biirmanica, Coll. ^ Hemsl.^ 92. cesarea, Boiss. if BaL, 138. ccesia, Jan, 175. cesia, iSti^A. ^ iSm., 44. ccBspitosa, Bin. & Franch., 186. cespitoBa, Steo., 90. calyciua, Salxm., 58, 189. calycuUUa, C. Eoob, 154. CampanuUif Lapeyr., 77. Campanula, Pers.^ 96. camponulata, S, Wats.y 50;
referred to, 96. Tar. angustifolia, WiUiams^*
50.
Tar. latifolia, Williams* 50.
Tar. Oreenei, S. Wato., 50.
CampelUf Sang., 170. Campoi, Lose, 77. cana, Otth, 190. canartensis, Otth, 61, 150, 189. canariensis, Willd.y 150. candicans, Celak., 40. ca»escenSf Tenore, 189. canopica, Boiss., 63. canopica, Delile, 64. canopica, Sieber, 63. cantahrica, Jord. & Fourr., 192. capensis, Otth, 188. capillipes, Boiss. djf Heldr., 96. capitellata, Boiss., 154. cappadocica. Boiss. Sf Heldr., 164. Tar. argentea, Williams,*
164. Tar. glandnlosa, ^ey«, 164.
Silene caramanica, Boiss, if Heldr.,
134 ; mentioned 136. Tar. Bolenocaljx, Williams,*
135. dtrdiopeteUa, Franch., 186. cariensis, Boiss., 121. camosa, Moench, 189. caryophyUoides, Otth, 80, 189.
Tar. nardifolia, Bohrb., 81.
caspica, Pers., 148.
cassia, Boiss., 120.
Catesbfn, Otth, 188.
caihoUca, Ait., 170.
ca^AoZf«»,WiUk., 174.
oanoasica, Bunge, 86.
Tar. multiflora, Rupr., 86.
Ceccarxniana, Boiss. & Heldr., 146.
oephalantha, Boiss., 158.
cephalenia, Heldr., 158.
oerastioides, Linn., 58.
ctfTAtMi, Bartl., 76.
cemua, Thunb., 190.
chaetodonta, Boiss., 122.
-^— Tar. pittodes, Williams,* 122.
cheiranthifolia, Salzm., 189.
chirensis, Barbej, 66.
chirensis, ^. J2tcA., 67, 77; note by H. Bolus, 76.
chlorsefolia, Sm., 187, 190; men- tioned 19.
Tar. makmeliana, Boits,^
137.
Tar. Schimperiana, Bokrb.,
137.
•^— Tar. swertiiefolia, M<Arb.,
137. chlorantha, Ehrh., 141, 189. ckloropetala, Rupr., 165. Choulettei, Coss,, 75. ciliata, Pourr., 78 ; mentioned 18.
Tar. geniculata, Rokrh., 78.
Tar. genuina, Bohrb., 78.
cinerea, Desf., 110. cirtensis, Pomel, 111. cisplatensis, Cambess., 68. citrina, Boiss., 152. clandestina, Jacq., 69, 190. elavaia, Bohrb., 98. coarctata. Lag., 58, 189. CoBli-rosa, A.Bt., 186. colorata, Foir., 71; mentioned
133. colorata, Schomb., 190. commeliniefolia, Boiss., 84. vommuta, Bert., 192. commntata, 64im., 48.
Tar. longifolia, WiUJc. Sf
Lange, 48.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
5o9
Silene comoUina^ Ser., 186. oompaota, Fitch.^ 109. ooQgetta, 8ihth, ^ Sm,, 159. conieaf Uampe, 51. conica, Ximi., 52. oonifloia, NeeSf 51.
Tar. purpurea, Fentlj* 51.
coDoidea, Linn,, 52 ; mentioned 53, 189.
f . obcordata, 62.
— ^ var. glabrescens, Boi9s,y 52.
var. ohcordatay Boiis., 52.
cordata^ Link, 192. cordifolia, All.y 100. corinthiaca, Boiss. & Heldr.,
121. corru^tUa, Ball, 61. Corsica, DC, 91, 190. cornea, Sang., 70. corymbifera, BertoL, 129. coHata, Otth, 190. CouUertana, Otth, 189. crasncaulu, WUlk. & Costa,' 176. eratsifolia, Bartl., 192. oraatifolia, Z^'iiii., 77. cr€U9ifolia, Thunb., 192. craMipes, Fenzl, 131, 190.
var. aisyriaca, Williamt*
131.
oretaoea, Fiseh., 02.
cretica, Linn., 125; mentioned
130, 190. erispa, Poir., 189. crifpa^a, Stev., 47. crueniaia, Jord. & Fourr., 192. crjptopetola, HilUb., 106. Cterei, ^awin^., 49. Cterei, Sohur, 47. Cncnhalut, Wibel, 47.
Tar. commutata, Bohrb., 48.
cuprea, Reichb., 171. cylindrijlora, Otth, 189. dagh0itanica, Rupr., 166. damatcena, Boiss. k Gaill., 62. debUU, Stapf, 122. decipien*. Ball, 59. decipiens. Bare, 74. decumbent, BIt., 72. deeumbene, Schreb., 189. Delavajfi, Franch., 186. delicatula, Bert., 123. delicatula, Boies., 117. dene\flora, Urr., 156. depressa, Baumg., 102. depretsa, Bieb., 90.
— Tar. Mejeri, Bohrb., 90. dianthifolia, J. Oay, 82. dianthifolia, Otth, 189. dianthioides, Per*., 153.
TftT. glabrata, Trautv,, 153.
Silene dianthioides. Tar. typica, Trautv., 153.
dianthoides, Schimp., 137.
dichotoma, Ehrh., 55, 189 ; men- tioned 427.
Tar. iberioa, Boiss., 55.
Tar. gracilis, Alboff, 56.
Tar. racemosa, Kohrb., 55.
dickotoma, Sibth. & Sm., 55.
diffusa, Otth, 189.
Dilleniana, Schott, 126.
dinarica, Spreng., 102.
discolor, SU>th. ^ Sm., 69, 189.
distaehya, Brot., 72.
distans, Otth, 188.
disticha, WUld., 56, 190.
diTaricata, Clem., 112.
Tar. Willkommiana, Wil-
liams,* 113.
divaricata, Sibth. & hm,, 55. diversifolia, Otth, 189. DorHi, Kell., 106. Douglasii, Hook., 143, 144 ; men- tioned 15.
- Tar. brachjcalyz, B. X, Bobinson, 144.
var. Macounii, B. L. Bobin- son, 145.
var. maerocaljz, B. L,
Bobinson, 144.
var. monantha, B. L. Bobin- son, 42.
- var. multicaulis, B. L, Bobinson, 144.
var. viscida, B. L. Bobinson,
144. Drummondii, A. Gray, 168. Drummondii, Hook., 186. Drummondii, Torr. k Gray,
partim, 144. dubia, Hcrbioh, 171. echinata, Jaub. & Spaoh, 133. eohinata, Otth, 132. echinosperma, Bois9, j* Meldr,,
118 ; mentioned 17. Echinus, ^ow«. 4* Heldr., 81. ejf««a, Otth, 189. Bhrenbergiana, Bohrb., 165. elata, Otth, 189. elegans. Link, 77. Engelmanni, Rohrb., 159. eremitica, Boiss., 182. , var. Astartes, Williams,*
182. er.'mophila, Bien., 192. eriocalycina, Boiss., 147.
var. linearis, Fenxl, 147.
eriophora, Wilid., 192. ergsimifolia, Stapf, 85. enxtiia, Rupr., 192.
Digitized by
Googk
660
INDEX.
Silene exaUata, Keet, 192. exscapay All., 101. ex9udn%9y BoiBs. k Heldr., 120. Fabaria, Liodm., 40. Fabaria, Sibth. S^ 8m., 42. fabarioides, Stmstk., 43. falcata, Sibth. A- Sm,, 79. Falooneriana, MoyUy 167. Fenxlii, Boits, ^ Bal., 178 ; men-
tionod 16. filiformu, Shrenb., 119. fllipes, Frevn 4* 8%nt,y 98. fimoriata, Sim», 49. Jtrma, Sieb. k Zaoc., 168. flrmula. Herb. Lugd.-Bat., 168. fUnpetafa, Turcz., 179. fiammulctfolia, Barbej,* 104. flammulsfolia, Steud,, 104.
Tar. caDoscens, WiUiamty^
104.
ftaTMoens, JFaldH. i( Kit, 103 ; mentioned 16.
jBT.pluriJlora, Chriseb.,* 104.
var. thettalonica. Bolts., 104.
foBtida, Link, 100. foliostt, Maxim,, 142.
yar. maorostyla, Rohrb,, 142.
var. mongolica, Maxim., 142.
Tar. typica, Rohrb., 142.
foliota, Begel, 198. Fortunei, Vi*., 178. Friwaldzkjana, Hampe, 138. fraticoM, Linn., 183.
yar. rosea, TbriMii., 188.
fmticuloita, Bieb., 148. fruticulosa, Dietr., 193. fruticulosa, Sieber, 97. fuscata, i/ii»Ar, 112.
var., 100.
galaUea, Boitt.y 173. gallica, GroTes, 69.
gOlica, Xtnu., 67, 189. ebleriania, Schrenk, 157. gmninijlora, Willd., 190. genistifolia, Haldctff, 146. germana, J. Gay, 128. getula, Pomel, 66. gibraltarica, Boits., 184; men- tioned 186. gigantea, Linn., 168.
— var. Tiridesoens, Bo\$9., 168. Giraldii, &««#., 68. glabreecens, Cotf., 73. glandulosa, Hampe, 193. glareosa, Jord., 46.
fftauca, Zea, 190. glauca, Poftrr., 73, 190.
var. minor, Mouy, 73.
glavcifolia, Otfh, 1»9. goniocaula, Boiss., 147.
Silene gonooaljx, Boi»9., 131. gracilis, DC, 190. gracillima, J^oJlri., 93. greca, Boiss. f Spntn., 64. graminea, Vis., 87. graminifolia, Ledeb., 146, 189. grandidora, JVone^., 126. grata, Donnersm., 190. graveolem, Duf., 110. Graji, 8. Wats., 83. grisea, Boiss., 102 ; mentioned
16. Ohtieeiardii, Boiss. & Heldr.»
166. gvmnoiheca, Fan£., 97. GitpsophUa, Desf., 189. Haenkeana, Preel, 67. jHa//H, 8. Wata., 169. Haussknechtii, Heldr., 124. Heldreichii, Boiss., 66. Hellmanni, Claus, 166. Herminii, Welw., 100. beterodonta, Williams,* 89. hifacensis, jSowjy, 184. var. parvifolia, i2o«y, 186.
var. peeudogibraltaricsy
Bong, 184.
var. peeudovelutina. Bong,
186.
hirsuta, Poir., 66.
hirsuta, Xo^ , 60, 189 ; men*
tioned 66. hirsuta, Schonsb., 66. hirsnHssima, OUh, 189. hirta, Willd., 71. hirticaljx, Boiss. 4* Samssk., 148. Aifpaitica, Ottb, 1»9. hispanica, Jacq., 71. hispidoy Desf., 66. hispida, Salzm., 60. hispida, Desf., 180. Aupufa, Willd., 193. Hocbstetteri, Bohrb., 76. Hoeffliana, Fisch., 186. holopetala, Bunge, 167. Holnnanni, Heldr., 180. bumilis, C. .^. Jley., 83. Hureoni, Boiss., 118. iberica, Bieb., 65. ignobUiSy Lowe. 130. imbricata, De*/*., 68.
var. Pomeli, Williams,* 68.
inaperta, Hb. Linn., 126. inaperta, Linn., 126.
f. foliosa, 125.
var. aragonensis, Pan^ 125.
inaperta, Sibth. & Sm., 98. inclusa, Homem., 189. incompta, A. Gray, 169. incurvifolia, Kar. ij^ Kir., 99.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
561
Silene incnmfolia, yar. turkestanica, Williams • 99. indica, Otth, 188. indiea, yar. Wall., 78. infideliam, Fagt, 92. inflata, 8m., 47 ; mentioned 15, 17, 189.
Tar. alpina, Bohrb., 47.
^lauca, Reichb , 46.
dliata, Lange^ 47.
glareosa, Willk. & Lange,
46.
innthrioa, Gand., 171. insnlariB, Barhsy^ 117. inteffripetala, Bory S( Chaub., 122. intncata, Pott, 121. intrusa, Wiffht ^ Am., 78. involuta, Vortk., 189. italica, Pert,, 174, 189 ; mentioned 16, 170.
var athoa, Haldesy, 176.
yar. Jloccota, Kohrb., 174,
175.
yar. hmmili*, Tenore, 176.
— ^ yar. mcnfana, Gobi., 176.
Tar paucyfiora^ Ghiss., 176.
yar. pilosa, WiUiamt,^ 174.
var. Bicula. Tanfawit 174.
yar. SaUmanni, Arcane.,
183.
italtca, Poll., 193. japonica, Bohrb., 106. jeMiteentis, Willd., 189. jucunda, Jord. k Fourr., 193. jiincea, Sibth. ^ Sm., 119, 190.
yar. pallicla, Boitt., 119.
jiiyenalis, DeliUy^l. Kaulfkstii, Spreng., 190. khasiana, Bohrb., 94. Kotechji, Bois*., 120.
yar. cassia, Williamg,^ 120.
yar. corinthiaca. Baits., 121.
yar. efPusiseima, Boits., 120.
yar. exsudans, WiUiamt,^
120.
yar. maritiraa, Boiss., 120.
KowaUwskyi, Stoch^ffl., 120. Kremeri, Soy.- Will. ^ Godr., 1 11 ;
mentioned 110. kubanensis, Somm. S( Lev., 39. kumaonensif, Williams,^ 43. kunawarensis, Boyle, 166. Euschakewiczi, Bey el Sc Sehmalk.,
64. lacera, Otth, 188. Uicera, Sims, 50, 186. lacimiata, Otth, 188. 1a?onica, Boies. Sr Orph., 122. lata, A. Br., 186. heyigata, Sibtk. 4* Sm., 128. LINN. JOUBN.— BOTANT, VOL. XXXH.
Silene lagenocaljx, Fenxl, 54.
f. purpurea, 64.
yar. purpurea, Boiss., 64.
lanceolata, A. Ora^, 182.
yar. angustifolia, Silleb^
182.
lanykongensis, Franch., 186. lanuginosa, Otth, 18a lasiostyla, Boiss., 71. laHfoUa, 8. F. Gray, 108. laH/olia, Poir., 188. laxa, Boiss. <f Kotschy, 138. laxjflora, Brot., 66, 189. lazica, Boiss., 101. legionensis, Lay., 76. Lemmonii, S. Wats., 186. leptodada, Boiss., 103. leptopetala, Sohrenk, 148. Lerchenfeldiana, Banmg., 108 ;
mentioned 107. leucojifolia, On., 198. leueophma, 8ibth. k Sm., 190. leuoophjUa, Boiss., 169. libanotica, Boiss., 140. liyulata, Yiv.. 63, 64. lineartfolia, Otth, 189. linearis, DecM., 122; mentioned
18. lineata, ^oii«. 4* Buhse, 149. linicoh^ C. C. Qmel, 131. linifoUa, WUld., 190. linifolia, ^tiM. 4* ^m., 146, 190.
yar. umbrosa, Williams,*
146.
yar. Ceccariniana, Haussk.,
146. linoides, OUh, 190. lithophila, Ear. Sf Kir,, 160. littorea, Brot., 70, 189.
yar. elatior, Wiilk., 70.
livida, Wiersb., 193. Loiseleurii, Godr., 186. longicaulis, Pourr., 74, 190. longicilia, Otth, 171. longiflora, JShrh., 137 ; mentioned
149. -^— yar. staticifolia, Boiss., 188. longipetala. Vent, 166.
yar. asperifolia, Williams,*
166.
lonyistylis, Sngelm., 186. longitiibulosa, Enyl., 88. luisana, S. Wats., 180. lusilaniea, Linn., 67, 189. Lyallii, S. Wats., 181. Ijchnidea, C. A, Mey., 146. lychnidijlora, OHh, 190, lydia, Boiss., 62. niaoedonica, Formanek, 107. Maoounii, iS. ^a^., 146.
2 0
Digitized by
Googk
J
562
INDEX.
Silene mftcrodonla, Bout.f 63.
var. pamphjlica, Boitt,^ 58,
xnacronjchia. Boitt.y 106. maoropoda, Veleu.y 99. macroBolen, Steud.^ 135. maorostjfla, Maxim., 142. makmeliana, BoIbs., 137. ManiBsadjiani, Freyn^ 139. maritima, With., 40. — r- f . angustifolia, 46.
Tar. montana, Arrand., 46.
maroccaDa, Coss.y 66. Manchalli, C. A. \£ey„ 166.
yar. europea, Willianu^*
166.
maismaniBfl, BoUs., 79. i
mauritanicaj Pome], 60.
Maximowicziana, Bohrh,, 100.
megalocalyx, Freyn, 136.
mekinen^is, Cokb., 116. ;
melanantha, Franch., 186. j
melundriiformis, Maxim., 168.
melandryoides, Lange, 86 ; men-' tioned 18. i
mellifera, Boitg. ^ Beut,, 169. '
mentf^^nsis, CoM.y 80. |
Menziesii, Hook., 106. !
metkaiMBaf Heldr., 118. ^
mexicana, Otth, 188.
Meyeri, Fenzl, 90.
micrantha, Link, 189.
micropetala, Lag., 68 ; mentioned 62, 189.
micropetala, Schrank, 56.
microphylla, Boiss., 92.
micro9perma, Fenzl, 120.
Mociniana, Otth, 188.
modetta, Jord. & Fourr., 194.
mogadorensis, Cost., CI ; men- tioned 150, 189.
var. genuina, Williams* 61. t
var. macrosperma, Coss., 62.
var. obtusifolia, Coss., 61.
mollissima, DC, 174.
molUssima, Pers., 183, 190. !
molopica, var. purpurea, Fenzl,* 61.
monantha, Boiss. and Hausak.,* 103.
monantha, S. Wats., 42; men- tioned 103.
monerantha, Williams,* 103.
mongolica, Maxim., 43. •
montana, Arrand., 46.
montana, S. Wats., 186.
l^ontbretiana, Boiss., 149.
var. anisoloba, Williams, *\
149.
var. microphylla, Baiss.,^'
149. i
Silene Moori^roftiana, Sook, f. Sg-
Thonu., 85. muUieaulis, Durand, 159. multicaulis, Chtss., 98. -^— var. clavata, Hampe, 98.
var. megaspUma, Boise., 99.
multicaulis, Macoun, 145. muUicaulis, Nutt, 144. multiflda, Edgew., 186. muUifida, Bohrb., 49. multiflora, Pers., 158. multinervia, 8. Wats., 68. Mundiana, Eckl. ^ Zetf., 77< Muscipula, Linn., 128.
f. angustifolia, 128.
var. angustifolia, Costa, 129.
var. corymbifera, Williams*
129. myloptera, Jord. k Fouir., 194, nana, Kar. Sc Kir., 117. napuligera, Franch., 186. nardifolia,Boi98., 194. nebrodensis, Jan, 175. neglecta, Tenore, 69. nemoralis, Malj, 174. nemoralis, Waldst. Sf Kit., 175,
190 ; mentioned 174.
var. crassicaulis. Burn. ^
Barley, 176.
var. pedemontaua, Bum. ^
Barley, 176.
nevadensis, Boiss., 179. nioffieneis, AIL, 1 1 1, 190. nicceenns, Cham. & Schlecht.,
180. Niederi, Reldr., 165. nivalis, Rohrb., 101, 186. nivea, J)C., 170; mentioned 15. nocteolens. Well 4* Berth., L51. noctiflora, Otth, 7, 188. nocturna, Linn., 59, 189.
var. Irachypetala, Benth.,
59,60.
var. lasiocalyx. Soy. -Will.,
59.
var. micranlha, Willk., 60.
var. rosea, Uaussk., 59.
nocturna, Pall., 55.
nodulosa, Boiss., 147.
Notarisii, Ces., 96, 98.
nubigena, Phil., 42.
nurensis, Boiss. ic Haussk., 96.
nutans, Linn., 171, 190.
var. dubia, Williams,* 171.
- var. filiformifl, Lange, 171. nyctantha, hort., 189. ollongtfoUa, Otth, 189. oltusifolia, Pomel, 68. obtusifolia, Willd., 60, 190. occidentalis, S. Wats., 186.
Digitized by
Googk
IKDBX:
563
Silene ocymoidet^ Deaf., 189. odontopetals, Fenzl, 38.
var. cerastiifolia, Boiu,,
38.
var. congesta, Baits,, 38.
Tar. genuina, Sohrb., 88.
var. physocaUfx, Rohirb., 38,
var. tinaiea, Bohrb., 38.
odoratissima, Bunge, 151. Oldhamianay Miq., 167. OlgfiB, Bokrb., 160. oligantha, Bois9, Sf Heldr,, 140.
f. stenophjlla, 141.
-^— f. subuniflora, 141.
Tar. tttnophylla, Boiss. &
Heldr., 141.
Oliveriana, Otth, 72, 180. oljmpica, Boiss., 154.
var. caljctilata, WilliatiUt*
154.
Tar. glabrata, WUliatns,*
154.
Tar. pubescens, Boitt., 154.
Oreadesy Boiss. & Heldr., 97. of^ana, 8. Watd., 186. oreophila, Bous., 95. omaia, Ait., 188. oropediorum, Com., 67. Orphanidit, Baits., 82. Orsimana, Keichb., 194. Otitis, 8m., 165, 189.
Tar. densiflora, Ottk, 156.
Tar. dv'riuscula, Velen., 155.
Tar. genuina, Bahrb., 155.
Tar. Hellmanni, Trautv.,
156.
' Tar. wolgensis, Bahrb,, 156. otodonta, JVancJI., 172. OTata, Fursh, 179; mentioned
178. oxjodonta, C. Sc W. Barbey, 66. pachyrrhiza, Franch., 160. paleestina, Boiss., 62.
Tar. damasoena, Bohrb,, 62.
pa1inotrioIu^ Fentl, 87. Falmeri, 8. Wate., 186. pampkyliea, Boiss. & Heldr., 63. paniculata, Otth, 190. papillifolia, Wtlliamt,* 91. papillosa, Boiss., 132. paradoxa, Xtnu., 185; mentioned
175.
Tar. marilima, Bevereh,,*
186.
Parishii, S. WaU., 186. parrowiana, ^9t#«. 4* Sasusk.^
186. parviflara, Pers., 189. parvifiara, Turcz., 194. parmfolia, Otth, 190.
Silene parrtda, Cmj., 89. patens, Peete, 175. patula, Lag., 114. po^/a, Desf., 189. pauciflora, Salzm., 182: pauciflora, Tomab., 175. pectinata, 5. TF«^#., 181. pedoncularis, Baist., 138.
f. macrocalrx, Baiss.,* 138.
pendula. Xtnii., 69. pennsvlvanica, Otth, 188. pent-eUca, Boiss., 124. perfoliata, Otth, 190. permixta, Jord., 194. pemoctans. Link, 194. persica, Boiss., 85.
Tar. angistoma, Boiss., 85.
petrtea, ^<fai»«, 148, 189.
Tar. gymnocalycina, Trawtv.,
148. ^tf^r^sa, Waldst. & Kit., 190. phamaceifolia, Fenzl, 153. phanicodonta, Franch., 187. phrjgia, Boiss., 181. phyralodes, Boiss., 49. physocaUfx, Ledeb., 38. picta, DO., 119. picta, Desf., 119. />ic/a, Pers., 119, 190. pilosa, Pourr., 194. pilosa, vSpreng., 174. pilosa, Willd., 56. piloselUKfolia, Cham. and
Schlecht., 76. pilosellaides, Qt. Don, 76. pindicola, Haussk,, 81. pinetorum, Boiss, Sc Seldr., 123. pinguis, Vahl, 189. pittodes, Boiss., 122. pUUyota, S. Wats., 187. platgpetala. Bin. et Franch.,
186. platgpetala, Otth, 188. pUUgphyUa, Franch., 189. plicata, 8. Wats., 187. plutonica, Naud., 42. polygama, Stokes, 195. polyganoides, Otth, 189. palyphylla, Linn., 190. palyirichoides, Zumagl., 102. Fomeli, Battand., 68. pompeiopolitana, J, Q-offt 61. portensis, Linn., 119 ; mentioned
118, 190. Porteri, Post, 90. Fatanini, Maxim., 187. primulsflora, Fckl, ^ Zey., 77. Pringlei, 8, Wats., 168. procumbens, Murr,, 44, 189. Tar. ochotensia, WHgJU,* 44.
Digitized by
Googk
564
INDEX.
Silene proinosa, Bout.^ 168, 189.
Tar. alpina, Boitf,^ 163.
— • var. armeniaca, Wxllianu,* 168.
Tar. fasoiculataf Boiss.,*
168.
pflammitiB, Link, 70.
yar. laeiostyla, Willk., 71.
Pseudo-Atooioiii Detf., 112.
var. oranensis, Battand.,
112.
Pteudo-Behen, Heldr., 129. FfeudO'Behen, Schur, 195. pfleudo-nutansy PanS,, 175. jMeudotites, Rota, 155. pteroneura, WillianUf^ 132. pteroiperma, Maxim., 187. pubenda, Boiss., 165. puberula^ Jord., 47. pube9cen»y Loisel., 189. pumila^ St. Lag., 45. Pumilio, Wulf., 45.
Braun's obs. on, 14-15.
punctata, Bub., 77. pangens, Boits., 88. pwrpurata, Greene, 169. pygmsDa, Adam*, 81 ; mentioned
15, 190. pyginuBa, Herd., 195. pygnuta, Less, 195. pygnujta. Link, 57. pyrenaiea, Pourr., 195. piriformis, Cobb., 195. quadndentata, Otth, 189. quadrifida, Linn., 7. quadriflda, Otth. 190. qnadriloba, Turcz., 189. qvinquevulnera. Linn., 57, 189. raoemosa, Otth, 55.
var. bigibbosa, Williams,*
55.
yar. oauoasioa, Williams,^
56.
Tar. euxina, Bupr., 56.
— • Sibthorpiana, Boiss., 56. Baddeana, TrautT., 38. radicosa, Boiss. 4* Heldr., 140. — ^ Tar. hrexfijiora, Boiss., 140,
141. ramosa, Otth, 190. ramosissima, Willk., 128. ramosissima, Desf., 110.
Tar. graveolens, Williams,*
110.
reflexa. Ait., 69. regia, Ottb, 188. Beiohenbachii, Vis., 145.
Tar. umbrosa, Vandas, 146.
Beinholdi, Eeldr., 129. TemoUflora, Vis., 60.
Silene repens, Boiss., 195. repens, Franch., 161. repens, 'Eickw., 86, 195. repens. Pair., 161, 189. f. sinensis, 161.
Tar, angustifolia, Turex.,
161.
Tar. latifolia, ZVrc«.,'161.
Tar. transcaucssia, Traulv^
161. Sequieni, Otth, 188. reticulata, Desf., 120, 190. reHeulata, Link, 119. retrojlexa, Steud., 115. Beuteriana, Boiss. 4* Blanche, 109. rhodopea, Janha, 179. rhynchocarpa, Boiss., 80. rigidula, i9r^M. 4* ^">-i US ; men-
tioned 17. Boemeri, Friw., 154. Bohrhachiana, A schers.,* 126. rosulata. Soy.- Will. ^ Qodr., 183.
- Tar. amurensis, Williams,* 188.
rotnndifolia, Otth, 188. Boujana, Battand., 135. Eoyeni, Pers., 187. rubella, Brot., 118; mentioned
116. rubella, Hort. Oljss., 114. rubella, Linn., 189; mentioned
113. rubella, Soy.-Will. & Godr., 114. rubens. Vest, 190. rubicunda, Franch., 187. rugosa, Otth, 189. rupestris, Linn., 106, 190. rupestris, Schur, 108. ruthenioa, Otth, 189. sabuletorum, Link, 189. sachalinensis, F. Schmidt, 187. Salzmanni, Badaro, 188. ^a^smannt, Otth, 189. sarawschanica, Begel & Sohmidfe,
187. Sargenti, 8. Wats., 82. Sartorii, Boiss. Sf Eeldr., 52. saxatilis, Sims, 166.
Tar. atropurpurea, Bupr.,
166.
-^— yar. oongesta, Boiss., 166.
— ~ yar. daghesfcanioa, Boiss., 166.
Tar. djimilensis, Boiss., 166.
saxicola, Biouj, 72.
Saxifraga, Xtf»»., 96, 190; men- tioned 18.
Tar. clavata, Hampe, 98.
Tar. hispanica, Bouv, 96.
— — Tar. Oreades, Bohrb,, 97.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
565
Silene Saxifrega, var. Smithii, Rohrh,, 97. Saxifragay Thunb., 94. wjabrida, Soy, -Will. ^ Oodr., 67. scabridulay Boi88.» 139. scaposa, B. L. EobinsoUf 147. Schafta, O, Om*l.y 87 ; mentioned
107. #rAtr«JMi*, Rohrb., 67. Schimperiana^ BoUs., 137. fchizolepisy Turcz., 187. Schlosseriy Vukot., 156. Schlumbergeri, Boiss., 84. Schmuckeri, Wettst.j 94. Schwarzenbergeri, Haldcsy, 177. Scbweinfurtbi, Rohrb., 66. sHotica, Ottb, 189. scopulontmy Francb., 187. Scouleri, Rook., 168.
var. oostata, Williamt,^ 169.
tecundiflora, Ottb, 72, 73, 190. sedoides, Potr., 123, 190. var. laxa, HaussJc,, 123.
var. pacbypbylla, Haussk.,
124.
segetalb, 2>«/., 114. Semenoni, Segel 4" Herd., 151. Sendtneri, Boiss., 155. aerieea, A. Rich., 76 (Bolus),
77 (Williams), sericea, All., 71, 189 ; mentioned
5G, 63, 133. subspeccolorata, Williams,*
71.
Bnbspec. Oliyeriana, Wil- liams,* 72.
var. crassifolia, Moris, 72.
var. decumbens, Williams,*
72.
Tar. distacbya, Williams,* 72.
var. pteropleura, Williams,*
72. var. pubicalycina, Williams,*
mentioned 63.
var. vulgaris, Willk., 72.
serrulata, Boiss., 139.
gersMsnsis, Pomel, 47.
sessilifiora, Poir., 55, 190.
setacea, Ottb, 189.
setacea, Viv., 64.
Shocklsyi, S. Wats., 187.
sibirica, Fers., 157.
Sibthorpiana, Beicbb., 55.
sicula, Cyr.. 123.
sieula, Preel., 174.
sicmla, Ker, 195.
siderophila, Boiss. k Gaill., 62.
Sieberi, Fentl, 177; mentioned 16.
Siegeri, Ottb, 188.
Sigeri, Baumg., 187.
Silene simulans, Greene, 187. sina'ica, Boiss., 38. sinensis, Hook., 179. sisiauica, Boiss. .f Bvhse, 93. Skorpili, Velen., 180.
Smithii, J. F. Gmel., 97. sp., n. 142, Bromfield, 69.
Spaldingii, S. Wats., 173.
spathulata, Bieb., 190.
spergulifoiia, Bieb., 161, 189.
var. arbuscula, Boiss., 162.
var. clavata, Trautv., 161.
var. ellipsoidea, Trautv., 162.
elongata, Boiss., 162.
spergulifoiia. Brother., 40.
spinescens, Sxbth. 6f 8m., 176.
splendens, Boiss., 174.
squamigera, Boiss., 133.
var. antiocbica, Williams,*
133
staticiJPolia, Sibth. <^ Sm., 138; mentioned 137.
stellata. Ait., 170.
stenobotrys, Boiss. if Haussk., 151.
stenophylla. Plan., 195.
stontoria, Fenzl, 80, 189.
Stracheyi, Edgew., 187.
striata, Rohrb., 123.
stricta, Achar., 114.
striota, Linn., 129.
Ptrutbioloides, A. Chray, 139.
suaveolens, Kar. & Kir., 187.
subciliata, B. L. Robmson, 187.
suboonica, Friw., 51.
subulata, Boiss., 81.
subuniflora, Somm. ^ Lev., 39.
succulenta, Forsk., 91, 190.
var. Corsica, Rohrb., 91.
snffrutescens, Bieb., 148.
Suksdorfli, B. L. Robinson, 84.
supina, Aucb., 151.
supina, Bieb., 162.
var. pruinosa, Rohrb., 163.
sweriiafolia, Boiss., 137.
syriaca, Reut., 119.
tacbtensis, Franch,, 83. ! Tanakffi, Maxim,, 176.
tarbagataica, Kryl., 196. I totarica, Pers., 142, 189.
Tatarinowii, Regel, i(fj.
tejedensis, Boiss., 85, 86. I tenella, C, A. Mey., 150.
; tenuicaulis, Freyn S^ Bomm.,*
I 136.
I tenuiflora, Ouss., 130 ; mentioned
I 126.
lenuifolia, Ottb, 189. tenuis, Willd., 143 ; mentioned 146, 189.
2 0 2
Digitized by
Googk
566
INDEX.
Silene thebana, Orph.f 43.
thessalonioa, Bois9. S( Seldr., 104;
mentioned 103. Thirkeana, C. Koch, 65. Thorei, Duf., 46. Thunberffiana, Eckl. & Zej., 76. Thurberi, S. Wat*., 187. thjmifolia, Sibth. Sf Sm., 91. TxUngi, Kegel, 187. Hnctay Friw., 134. tomentoaay Otth, 189. Tommasinii, Willk., 196. trackyphyUa^ Franch., 187. tragacantha, Fenzl, 81. tridentata, Boiss., 58. iridentata, Desf., 58, 189. trineiria, Seb, Sf Mauri, 67. tubiftora, Dnf., 196. tunieoides, Boitt.., 140. turbinata, Qut9., 114. turgida, 5i>i., 146; mentioned 15. turkettanicaf Kegel, 99. Uhdeana, Sohrb., 91. undulata, Otth, 188. undulata, Pourr., 114. Ungeri, Fenxl, 126* UrviUei, Schott, 150. vagan«, C. B. Clarke, 95. TaUeaia, Linn., 87.
var. graminea, Rohrb., 87.
valletiaca, Link, 111. Tariegata, ^oi««. 4* Seldr., 44. relutina, Pourr., 190. ▼elutinoides, Pomel, 172. Terecunda, /S. Wats., 180. verticillata, Otth, 189. Tesiculifera, J*. (?ay, 133. vespertina, Sims., 71, 196. yespertina, £e^z., 56, 189. villosa, Forsk., 69, 63. var. deserticola, Schweinf.,*
69. Tar. ismaSlitica, Schweinf.,
69.
yap. micropetala, Co*»., 69.
yirescens. Cost., 116. virgata, Stapf, 168. virgiwica, Lmn., 7. virgimca, Otth, 188. vvHdella, Link, 171. yiridiflora, Linn., 169. viscaginoides, Otth, 189. rwc^u^a, Otth, 189. wcoM, Otth, 11, 188. vt«co«a, Pers., 187. viMcotietima, Tenore, 190. vulgaris, Garoke, 47. Watsoni, B. L. Robinson, 83. Willkommiana, J. Qaj, 113. wolgensis, Otth, 189.
Silene xjlobasis, Fregn, 82 ; mentioned 140. Yan^gi, Makino, 187. jemengis, Defl.^ 105. ;unnanensi8, Franch., 159. Silenes, affinities of, 9, 22; Braun's
division of, 3. Silenines, affinities of, 22 ; mentioned 4. SilenoidesB,* sub-tribe, 4 ; affinities of,
22. Silenoideee of Engler and Prantl, 4. Silenopsis Lagasca, WiJlk., 7. Siirultaneous flowering of certain
orchids, 216. Siqundol Hutan, 224. Skipjacks (Podura plumbea) impreg- nating ferns, 531. Snake-b^nes orchid, 321. Snake orchid, 368.
Sobralia, Ruiz <f* Par., mentioned 443. Somerville, Lieut B. T., description of
Sararanga, 479, 480. Spathoglottis, ^/«m0. mentioned 218. aurea, Lindl., 312. Handingiana, Par. <j* Rei'chb. /.,
217, 312. plicata, Blume, 214, 311 ; its fer- tilization, 812; self -fertilized, 224,
yar. alba, 312.
Wragi, Hook, f., 312. Speciosse $ (Dendrobium), 233. Spergularieffi, affinities of, 22. Spermaooce dibrachiata, Oliver, 437. Spherophoron australe, Laur., 198. compressum, Ach., 191.
yar. candidum, MuelL Arg.,
198. tenerum, Laur., 198. Spiranthes australis, Lindl., self- fertilized, 224. Stability in nomenclature, 21. Stapf, l5r. O., Observations on Bromus interruptus, 430 ; on female flower and fruit of Sararanga, 479-489. Stauranthera, Benth., in Malaja, 498. grandiflora, Benth., 524. umbrosa, C. B. Clarke, 523. Staurochilus, Ridl.*, 351 ; mentioned 346. fasciatus, Ridl.,* 851 ; mentioned 345-346. Stauropsis, Reichb. /., 345 ; emended by Bentham, 346 ; genus men- tioned 353. gigantea, Reichb. /., 851; dis- tribution, 217. lissochiloides, Pfitter, men-
tioned 351. violacea, Reichb. /., 345.
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
667
Sttmropiu, Bidl.,* 345, sphalm, »
StauTOohiluB, SidL Stemona, L<mr,y reyision of (Wright),
400-406; deBcription of, 491. acuta, C, E, Wright* 493. aostraliana, C R, WrigU^ 496. Cnrtisii, Rook.f,, 496. ereota, C. H, Wright, 498. gloriotoiden, Yoigt, 494. Griffithiana, Kurz, 492; men- tioned 490. japonica, Franch. ^ Sav., 493,
mentioned 494. javanica, C. H, Wright,* 495. minor, Hook.f., 495. moluccana, C. JT. Wright* 494. parviflora, C. JT. Wright* 496. Bostilifolia, JVaiidl. 4" ^<>v., 492 ;
mentioned 491. taberosa. Lour., mentioned 495. Stereocanlon proximutn, var. nudcttum,
MueU. Arg., 199. ramulosum, Ach.t 199. Tar. nudatum, MueU, Arg.y*
199. Stereochilus, LindL, mentioned, 348. SteriMf Adans., 12. Stiota Billardieri, Deliee, 202.
damaoomif, xar. caperata, Kyi.,
202. endochiTsea, rar. flaricans, Mudl.
Arg,, 202. epistiota, Ngl., 202. JFilix, Somn,, 202. Frejcinetii, Delite, 202. ffranulata, CA. ^od., 202. kusera, Jftitf^;. Arg,, 202. latifrons. Tar. Menzieeii, Ch, Bah,y
202. Montagnei, CA. Bab,, 202. orjgm»a, kcA., 202. pnlophjlla, MMtll. Arg., 202. pubeecens, Mmell, Arg., 202. Kiohardi, 3foii4., 202. Tar. rufoTirescens, Ch, Bah,,
202. sinnosa, Tar. caperata, MuelL Arg,,* 202.
Tar. suboaperata, MueU,
Arg., 202. evhoa^ata, Kjl., 202. subcoriacea, Nyl,, 202. subTariabilis, Nyl,, 202. Tariabilis, ^cA., 202. Stictina oinnamonea, MueU, Arg,^ 201. orocata, Nyl,, 201. dictTophora, MueU, Arg.,* 201. fuliginoea, iV^/., 201. intrioata, Ngl,^ 201.
Stictina intricata,'Tar. Thouarsii, NgU, 201.
Moogeoiiana, iVj^^., 201.
Tar. zantholoma, NyL^ 201.
retigera, MueU, Arg,, mentioned 201.
•orobiculata, Nyl.f 201. Strongyle §, 232. 8ub^, 329. Suduk, 354. 8uduk-8uduk, 354. Sumbong Merah, 505. Sujn^'it Bukit, 523. Sweet's Tiews on Silene, 9. SjnechoblastuB aggregatuB, T. M, Fr,, 198.
Tar. Colensoi, MueU, Arg,,*
198.
flaoddus, Koerh,, 198.
IsTis, 3f««^. Arg,, 198.
leuoocarpu9, MueU, Arg,, 198.
Tsniophyllum, JS/«iii«, 347. Faeciola, Eeichb,/., 477. rabrom, J2u/Z.,* 364. Serrola, Rook,/., 363. Tainia atropurpurea, Eidl.,* 315. latilingnajJTboXr./., 314. Maingapri, Rook,/,, 316. penangiana, Rook.f., 314. speciosa, ^^itmtf, 316 ; mentioned 317. Telinah Kerhau Bukit, 395. Terminalia Oatappa, Linn., orchid on,
219. Terrefftrial orchids of Malaja, 214. Tetraphyllmnbengalense, C, B. Clarke, 525. roeeum, Stapf,,* 524, 525. Thecostele maculosa, Bidl,, 385. Maingaji, Rook./,, 885. quinquefida, Rook.f,, 385. secunda, BidX., 385. Zollinger!, Beichh,/,, 385. Thelasis capitata, Blume, 393. decurva. Hook, f., 394. e/a^a. Hook, f., 394. elongata, Blume, 393 ; mentioned
894. -^— Tar. m^or, Bidl.,* 393, longifolia. Rook. /,, mentioned
394. macrobnlbon, Bidl.,* 393. Thelotrema lepadinum, Aeh., 207. Thismia, CH^,, flowering in Malaya,
215. Thrixspermum, Lour,, S4/7, 348, 876; genus in Malaya, 214; flowering, 216.
Digitized by
Googk
568
INDBX.
Thrizspermum Anohnitos, Reiehb, /., 879 ; mentioned 877. brachj»tachj8, Ridl,,^ 877. Caloeolus, Smohb, /,, 878 ; men- tioned 877. Centipeda, Lour,, mentioned
877. leucaraohne, Sidl,* 879. liladnum, Seichb, /., 225, 877 ;
ita habitat, 214. lonf^icanda, Sidl.y mentioned
879. notabile, Bidl* 379. obtusum, Reichh, f., mentioned
877. pauciflorom, Ridl.,* 378; men- tioned 377. purpurasoens, Reiehb, /., men- tioned 877. Soopa, Reiehb,/., 878 ; mentioned
377. Soortechinii, Ridl.,* 878; men>
tioned 877. eerrffiforme, Reiehb, f., men- tioned 377. TlilxochUl, 440. Tragacantha, Tourn., Silene resembling,
81. Trametet radidperda (P), 428, 424. Triohoglottis, Blume, its epur, 346, 347. faaciata, Beichb. f., 345, 851. pallenef Lindl., 845. philipfnne»si*f Lindl., 345. quadrioomuta, Kurz, mentioned
358. retusa, Blume, 356. scaphigera, Rxdl.* 357. tetraoeras, Ridl,* 357. Tiifolium medium, Linn., orchid
resembling, 279. Tropidia curculigoides, Lindl,, 897. graminea, ffook.f., 397. Maingaji, Hook./., 397. squnmata, Blume, 397. Tubera §, should be a genus, 847. Tunica, Sail., mentioned 10.
pamphjlica, Boiet. ^[Bal., 10. Ihtpietra Hngapureana, Wall., 416.
Uhi Oorita nigrum, 494.
Uebelinia; Hochet., mentioned 5 ;
capsule, 6. Usnea barbata. Tar. florida, Frieiy 200.
var. rnbiginea, Meg, 3c
Flot., 200. var. pendula, Koerb., 200.
IJsnes barbata, var. sorediosula, Muell, Arg., 200.
melaxantha. Tar. sorediifera, JfueU, Arg.,^ 20(5. IJstilago antherarum, Friet, on Silene,
181. Yaccaria, Medic,, 9. Yanda, Jonee, 846, 858.
alpina, LindL, 346.
cnstata, Lindl., 845.
gigantea, Lindl., 845.
Hookeriana, Reiehb, /., 855 ; in MalaTa, 214.
(hybrid) x Miss Joaquim, 356.
muUiJlora, Lindl., 858.
Sanderiana, Reiehb. f., 445.
teres, Lindl., 356; distribution, 217.
undulata, Lindl., 845. Vanilla, Plum., 440.
Jlore viride et albo, etc..
Plum., 450. Yanilla, Sw., generic character, and reTision of genus (Bolfe), 439- 478; distribution, 217.
acuminata, Rolfe,* 456.
acuta, Rolfe,* 458.
acuHfolia, Lodd., 477.
africana, Lindl., 465.
albida, Blume, 459.
albida. Hook, f., 895.
albida, Hook, f., partim, 458.
anaromoHca, Gnseb., 450 ; men- tioned 451.
anguatifolium, Willd., 477.
aphjlla, BUtme, 478 ; mentioned 474.
aphglla, Eggers, 472.
aphglla, LindL, partim, 474.
appendioulata, Rolfe, 469; men- tioned 445.
aromatica, Lindl., 452.
arotnatica, Sw., partim, 449, 468, 464; mentioned 440, 450, 468.
axUlarie, Mill., 477.
barbellata, Reiehb./., 473.
bicolor, Lindl,, 469.
bomeensis, Rol/e,* 460.
calopogon, Reiehb./., 474.
oarinata, Rol/e,^ 468.
Chamitsonie, Oogn., partim, 467, 468.
Chamissonis, Klotteeh, 470. ' clavicuUUa, Griseb., 472. i elavioulata, Lindl., 454. I elavicul(Ua, Beichb. £., 472. j claTiculata, Sw,, 471 ; mentioned I 440, 454.
Columbiana, Rolfe,^ 468.
crenulata, Rol/e,* 411*1,
Digitized by
Googk
INDEX.
569
Vanilla oucullata, KraenxL^ 466.
Bg^ersii, Solfe* 472.
ei^olia, Eolfey 470.
Epidendrum, Mirb., 450, 468. ■ ^ Ftuciola^ Spreng., 477.
Gardner!, Rolfe* 466 ; mentioned 446.
grandifloray Lindl., 465.
grjtndifolia, LindL, 458.
gratioaay Ghriseb., 454.
Grifflithii, Reichh. /., 895, 468 ; mentioned 896, 460.
guianennty Splitg., 450, 465; mentioned 451.
hamata, Kloizschy 462; men- tioned 470.
Hostmanni, Eolfe* 462.
Humblotii, Seichb./., 476.
imperiolif, Kraenzl. , 478.
inodora, Schiedey 449 ; mentioned 440, 451, 453, 464, 468.
iMteOy Wright, 454.
lutescefUf Moq., 465.
madagascHriensis, Rolfe* 476.
majaijensisy Blanco, 468; men- tioned 464.
Methonica, Reiehh. f, Sf Warsz.y 451.
mexicana, Mill., 449, 468.
Moonii, Thw.y 461.
odorata, Presly 471; mentioned 446.
organensis, Rof/e* 452 ; men- tioned 451.
oralifolia, Eolfcy^ 457.
orata, Bolfey* 451.
palembanica, Teyam, Sf Binn.j 460.
paUnarumy Cogn., partim, 454.
Tar. grawiifoliay Cogn., 455.
palmarumy Griseb., 454.
palmarum, Lindl.y 465; men- tioned 443, 454, 455.
Pariehii, Eeichb.Jf,, 473.
parfifolia, Rodr.y 453.
Pfayiana, Reichh. f,y 452.
ph»antha, Reichb,/., 464 ; men- tioned 445, 472.
Phal»nop8i8, Reichb.f.y 476.
pbilippinensis, Rolfe^^ 459.
planifolia, Andr,^ 463 ; mentioned 440, 441, 442, 444, 461-466.
planifolia^ Gardn., 466.
plantfolioy Gri-^eb., 404.
Tar. macranthay Chriseb.,
464.
Poittti, Reivhb.f., 4ni.
Pompona, Schiedey 465; men- tioned 445, 460, 451, 452, 466.
pteroMperma, Lindl., 477.
ramosa, Rolfe,* 457.
Vanilla Boseheri, Reichh. f.y 476. . ruhiginoeay Gri£f., 477. Bnisiana, Kloitachy 470. saHvay Sohiede, 463 ,' mentioned
464. weoiotay Boxall, 477. Sprucei, Rolfe,* 461. eurinameneie, Beichb. f., 460,
466. eyVoeetriSy Schiede, 463 ; men- tioned 464. toUmephoray Bidl., 395, 458. Velloni, 12o(/e,« 467. virid^oroy Blume, 463. Walkeri©, Wighty 474. Wi^htiana, Ltndly 474; men- tioned 473. WighHiy Lindl., 474. Wiightii, Reiehh, /., 454; men- tioned 472. Vanilla Banilhay 467. Vaucheria sessilii*, DC.y in fern cul- tures, 586, note. Vaynillay 440.
Velezia, Ltnn.y mentioned 10. Veepa oincta, Fabr., fertilizing orchids,
834. Virgat© § (Dendrobium), 232. Viscagoy Dill., 12. Vucagoy Hall., 24.
Jimhriatay Homeui., 49. moUiteimay Homem., 174. piloeay Homem., 174. Viscaria, Roehl.y defined 9, 12 ; dehis- cence of capsule, 5. alpina, G. Don, 3. Stracheyi, WUliamSy^ 187. vulgaris, Roehl.y 3. Vrydagzynea, BUimCy distribution, 217. albida, BUtmCy 897. pacilis, Blumcy 398. huioifolia, Ridl.y* 398 ; mentioned
897. tristriata, RidLy* 398.
Wallich, N., his MaUj collections
referred to, 213. Watson, S., his views on Sileney 16. Wealden, new conifer from (Seward)
417. Weber ran Bosse, Mrs., eee Bosse. Weigall, Lieut, S. C, account of
Sararanga, 479, 480. Wliarton, Admiral, presentation to
Kew Herbarium, 479. Williams, F. N., Berision of the genus
SilenCy Linn., 1-196. Willkomm, M., his work on Silene.
2,3.
Digitized by
Googk
570
IND^X.
Wraj> ^M ^ ooUectioni from Perak,
213. Wright, G. H., on Stemona, Lour.y
400-406. Written flowen, 407.
Xanthoria parietina, var. spinuloia, MueU. Arg, 208.
Xjkibopa, speeiM fertilizing oroliidt, 884,386. aatuans, Lxnn.^ fertiL orchids, 386. latipes, Drutyt fertil. orchids, 836.
Zeuxine, LindL^ distribntion, 217. affinit, BeiUh., 402. renifomuB, Hook,/^ 402.
LONDON : HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTBRS IN ORDINARY TO HBR MAJESTY,
ST. martin's lane.
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