ot Ts { 1 yu we ry tenets! Beech a er ror Ms rio tty praca av wed! ee YO esas vee trie Coppers beh te Ruthie : ¥ bi rahe eat et pert ; ; f NM eet ace ped : ; ‘ pty ak . ; Sse ant ; : ; weds 2 1 a | | . : ome tits : A cate annie 4: ie hk els ie : as ¥ . at ¥ _ i elt ¥ Er a Was Stam agen May uaa fo ihines tier fenthiey? F : Earcee Tepe aar a . Tre a ‘ ios ies : bee ‘ fe la eae AMP at, ; ae : map beh let 6 a 18 hg ids ay TE nt le tie a oA gibi ged dn 7 as ; red ere SL amt EPs JOURNAL ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES pen PHILADELPHIA. ie ¥ VOLUME vitae I. 1834. ) Phlladelphta: SOLD BY Ww. P. GIBBONS, S. W. CORNER Of SIXTH AND CHERRY-STREETS. —_— 1834, ores LIST OF OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1884. PRESIDENT. WILLIAM MACLURE. VICE PRESIDENTS. GEORGE ORD, WILLIAM HEMBEL. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. 8. G. MORTON, M. D. RECORDING SECRETARY. THOMAS McEUEN, M. D. CURATORS. JOHN P. WETHERILL, THOMAS McEUEN, M. D., CHARLES A. POULSON, CHARLES PICKERING, M. D. : TREASURER. GEORGE W. CARPENTER. LIBRARIAN. PAUL BECK GODDARD, M. D. AUDITORS. WALTER R. JOHNSON, ROBERT E. PETERSON, THOMAS D. MUTTER, M. D. COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. THOMAS McEUEN, M. D. CHARLES A. POULSON, ALFRED LANGDON ELWYN, M. D. THOMAS F. BETTON, M. D. WILLIAM P. GIBBONS. wes JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA. A Catalogue of a Collection of Plants made chiefly in the Valleys of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, towards the sources of the Co- lumbia River, by Mr. NATHANIEL B. Wyeru, and described by T. Nutra... Read February 18, 1834. Tuts collection was made wholly on the returning route of Mr. W. from the Falls of the Columbia to the first navigable waters of the Missouri ; when pur- suing the remainder of his route down the rapid cur- rent of the Missouri, scarcely any additional oppor- tunity of adding to the fasciculus occurred. The number of the species and their interest to the bota- nist will therefore be duly appreciated, and particu- larly when it is known that this was the first essay of 6 PLANTS OF THE the kind ever made by Mr. W.; and yet I can safely say, that besides their number, there being many duplicates, they are the fest specimens pro- bably, that ever were brought from the distant and perilous regions of the west by any American col- lector. RANUNCULACEZ. 1. Crematis *Wyethii. Lanulosa-pilosa, caule erecto sim- plici unifloro, florenutante, foliis sub-bipinnatisectis, pin- nulis sub-trisectis, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus attenuatis rariter incisis acutiusculis. _ Collected towards Flat-Head river, and in flower on the 25th of June. 2. The whole plant erect, fourteen to eighteen inches high, lanuginously pilose, the stem terminated by a single pedunculated nodding flower, of a deep brown color internally. In infertile shoots, the first pair of leaves appear to be entirely simple and oblong-ovate; the next leaves are pinnately directed: afterwards the subdivisions in the higher leaves are trifid or again pinnatifid, and here and there laciniated on the outer side; the segments are from half an inch to one inch and a half long, lanceolate-linear and some- — what pointed, attenuated above and below. The four sepals appear thick, oblong-lanceolate and nearly straight. Compared with Dr. Hooker’s figure of C. Douglasii, it appears to be a distinct but closely ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 7 allied species. It no where presents those short linear multifid segments of that species. 2. Arracenr *Columbiana. Pedunculis unifloris, foliis oppositis ternatim sectis, foliolis ovatis acutis, obsolete cre- nulatis, sepalis ovatis acuminatis, staminibus vix duplo longioribus. Hab. Flat-Head river. In flower by the first of March, forming an intricate mat of branches so as to appear almost like a bush. Readily distinguishable from 4. verticillaris by the flowers, which are scarcely half as large and of a dull palish blue. The leaflets are also cuneate rather than cordate at base, and the lateral ones apparently always entire. 3. TuHaticrrum dioicum. Valleys of the Rocky - Mountains at the sources of the Columbia. 4, Anemone (Pulsatilla) Muttalliana. Head of Flat-Head river, in dry prairies. .2. patens, Hooker, Flor. Boreal. Am. 5. Ranuncutus glaberrimus. Hooker, Flor. Boreal. Amer. In the vicinity of Wallawalla river of the Columbia, and on Mr. Wyeth’s route on either side of the Rocky Mountains, from the 20th of Feb- ruary to the 27th of May, in flower. A small, dwarf and smooth species, (probably) with a fasci- culate or tuberous root, with a stem producing only one or two bright yellow flowers and two or three 8 PLANTS OF THE sessile leaves; the first almost entirely simple, or three-lobed. The germs are, however, somewhat woolly or pubescent. 6. RanuncuLus cardiophyllus. Hooker, Flor. Boreal. 1. p. 14. Hab. In the Kamas Prairie, near the Flat-Head river. Flowering in June. *CHRYSOCOPTIS. Calyx, sub-12 sepalus, sepalis ligulatis, petaloideis de- ciduis ? Petala 0, stamina 15—20. Capsule 8—10 sti- pitate ? polysperme. Herba perennis sempervirens, radice flava tinctoria; foliis trisectis subcoriaceis. 7. Curysocoptis occidentalis. Plate 1. Perennial, root repent? almost tuberous, and as well as the fibres, (in common with Coptis,) bright yellow. Leaves dark green and sempervirent, rather large, upon long peduncles, pseudo-trifoliate; the leaflets broad and roundish, partly cordate at the base, the lateral ones somewhat three-lobed and incisely toothed ; the dentures sharply pointed; the central leaflet more distinctly three-lobed, often trifid; the central lobe also sometimes similarly divided. The bud of the scape oblong-ovate, conspicuous, the scales large oblong-oval and emarginate; being in - fact abortive leaves composed principally of sheath- ing petioles. Flowering scape very short, about — ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 9 three-flowered and nodding. Flowers very shortly pedicellate, not more than half an inch in diameter, bright yellow. Petaloid calyx spreading, composed of about 12 sepals, which are narrow, linear, long and acuminate; the inner ones (as far as I am able to examine the dried specimen) are some of them ap- parently partly clawed, but there are none of the hooded nectaries or petals of Copéis, which our plant however, wholly resembles in habit. Stamina about twenty, sometinies fewer; anther and _fila- ment adnate, the former whitish and oval. Pistils eight to ten, terminated by curved stigmas. I have not seen the fruit, and therefore can — — ture that it may prove stipitate. Obs. The present plant, though perfectly dis- tinct from Corris ¢rifolia, is nearly allied to C. asple- nifolia, but differs in the absence of the hooded petals. C. asplenifolia is not congeneric with C. trifolia ; it has the attenuated ligulate petals of our plant, and in place of the very short petaloid stamens or terminally hooded petals, it presents concavities about the middle of the consimilar divisions of the perianth; it may therefore probably be considered properly as a sub-genus of our Chrysocoptis, which we propose to call PreropHyLLuM. 8. Aquitecia *leptocera. Calcaribus rectis longissimis gracilibus; sepalis acutis maximis, staminibus stylisque B 10 PLANTS OF THE multo longioribus; caule paucifloro, laciniis foliorum cu- neatis trifidis incisis. Perennial. Stem about a foot high, sparingly branched, branches one to three-flowered, smooth, except the peduncles. Leaves from the root upon long petioles, ternately divided, smooth, somewhat glaucous beneath, segments cuneate, three-cleft, with a few external shallow incisions, branch leaves deeply trifid or entire. Flowers large and ochro- leucous. Spurs somewhat longer than the expanded sepals, and pubescent; the sepals ovate and some- what acute. Petals shorter than the calyx, very obtuse. Stamens numerous. Styles five to seven. This species is very nearly allied to the 4. cxrulea of Torrey, differing principally in the leaf and stem; and the flower is not blue. Hab. In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, towards the southern sources of the Columbia. Flow- ering in June. 9. Devrninium *dicolor. Villosiusculum, pumilum, pauci- florum; foliis digitatis 5-partitis, lobis 3-5-fidis, laciniis line- aribus, brevibus, obtusi usculis, bracteis indivisis, petalis ealyce brevioribus, inferioribus pilosis, calcare curvo longitudine calycis. 4. Stem simple, scarcely exceeding a span in height, terminating in a straggling raceme of five to seven large flowers on long peduncles. Leaves about three, near the base of the stem, the petioles of the lower ones somewhat dilated, upper leaves nearly ROCKY MOUNTAINS. ll sessile, all with a short, digitate outline, the lower partitions divaricate, the segments short, linear and somewhat obtuse, slightly pubescent, particularly at the edges; upper leaves more simple, and finally forming bracts of a single segment. Sepals large, bright ultramarine blue, oblong-ovate; divisions of the lower petal roundish-oval, bearded internally ; the two upper petals yellow, elegantly veined with blue, oval and somewhat crenate. ‘The spur of va- riable length, but usually as long as the calyx, and curved down at the extremity. Capsules three, smooth. : Hab. On dry hills, near Flat-Head or Sailish river, towards the south.sources of the Columbia. Flowering in the latter end of April, (2ith, Mr. Wyeth.) A very elegant and ornamental spe- cies. ANONACE&. 10. Asimina triloba, (Papaw.) On the banks of the Missouri, below the river Platte, with the com- mencement of the alluvial forest. BERBERIDE/. 11. Manonta aguifolium. Spiny indentions along the margin of the leaf, from thirteen to nine- teen or twenty! A variable character. According to Decandolle, six to nine on either side the leaf. 12 PLANTS OF THE CRUCIFER&. 12. Nasturtium *pumilum. Simplex, foliis inferioribus, pinnatisectis oblongis obtusis, superioribus linearibus in- tegris. 2. Stems unbranched, three to four inches high, (in twelve or more specimens, ) leaves narrow oblong, pinnatifid, nearly to the midrib, below attenuated into a petiole, terminal segment rounded and obtuse, uppermost linear and undivided. Flowers yellow, rather large, the petals considerably exceeding the calyx in length. The pod long and — the peduncle much shorter. Hab. In dry situations towards the sources of the river Missouri. 13. Nasturtium *linifolium. Gracile, simplex; foliis linearibus integris, inferioribus sublaciniato-sectis; floribus majoribus. 2. Stems simple, eight to twelve inches high, leaves nearly all narrow linear and undivided, the axils often leafy. Petals yellow, nearly twice the length of the calyx. Pod narrow linear. Nearly allied to the preceding. . Hab. Head of Salmon river, Columbia, in dry soil. Jlowering the last of May._ 14. Srreprantuus *sagittatus. Foliis sagittatis, acutis, amplexicaulibus integerrimis, petalis oblong o-Oveniaays im- maculatis. Annual. Smooth. The ‘stem branched above. ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 13 Leaves smooth, and apparently somewhat glaucous beneath ; radical leaves oblong, the rest amplexi- caule, sagittate, oblong’ and acute. Flowers appa- rently lilac-red, which color, though paler. prevails ‘on the membranous margins of the sepals which are oblong and obtuse. Petals immaculate, cuneate-ob- long and entire, with the claws very long and exser- ted as well as channelled, and somewhat tortuous ; the raceme long and many-flowered ; peduncles about half an inch long. Anthers long and linear. The pod narrow and elongated. Hab. On the banks of Little Goddin river to- wards the sources of the Columbia. Flowering in June. Turritis patula of Hooker, by its purple rose colored flowers appears to be in all probability an- other species of this genus. 15. Tuuaspt cochleariforme, De Candolle. yu. The whole plant perfectly smooth and some- what glaucous. Radical leaves roundish-oval, upon long petioles, sometimes denticulated, stem leaves five or. six, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, amplexi- caule, auriculate, the lobes obtuse. Raceme one to two inches long; peduncles rather long. Flowers pale sulphur-yellow. Petals cuneate-oblong. Sta- mens without dentures. Capsules with few seeds. Hab. On the borders of a creek on Flat-Head river. Flowering towards the close of April. 14 PLANTS OF THE: CAPPARIDEZ. 16. Psriroma *integrifolia. Foliis? crebris simplicibus lineari-sublanceolatis angustis, acutisimis basi attenuatis integris, calyce integra apice quadrifida. ©. Leaves (in all the three specimens, apparently branches in my, possession) entire and simple, very much like those of the Toadftax, but shorter and equally crowded or sparse; whether all the leaves of the plant are so or not, I am unable to decide; the specimens appear to be branches by the presence of scattering pods on them. The whole plant is smooth; the stem thickly crowded with narrow flax-like leaves, the branches terminating in crowded flattish clusters of showy large red flowers. The petals lan- ceolate-oblong and unguiculate. Calyx wholly per- sistent, but marcesent, four-cleft, the divisions shorily acuminated. Stamens six, united with a ring which surrounds the base of the germal pedicel or stipe, the filaments capillary, and much exserted, anthers rather short, at length incurved. Stipe of the pod three-fourths of an inch long, the pod itself torulose but compressed, about two and a half inches long, terminated with a very small persistent style. Seeds many, attached to either end of the dissepi- ment, oval, even, fawn color, the germ strongly in- curved, the cleft of the seed produced by the curva- ture wholly naked. The largest specimen is eleven inches long, yet in this and two others there are no appearance of compound leaves. ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 15 Hab. Towards the southern sources of the Mis- souri. Flowering from July to August. From the habit of the following species, I think it not improbable that the lower part of the plant may have compound leaves. 17. Perrroma *aurea. Foliis 5-foliolatis, superioribus 8-foliatis, glabris, oblongis, obtusis, bracteis oblongis api- culatis, flore aureo, siliquis oblongis, staminibus zequali- bus. ©. Herbaceous, branched, smooth, two feet high or more. Leaves petiolate entire, below in five’s, above in three’s. Raceme elongated and interposed, as in the preceding species, by a crowded continua- tion of short, oblong curved bracts. Peduncles rather short. ©The pod linear-oblong and obtuse, with a short stipe. Petals golden yellow, oblong- ovate. Stamina six, all of the same length. Calyx persistent, briefly four-cleft, not separating from its insertion. Hab. With the preceding. This species is very closely allied to the CLEOME lutea of Hooker, but differs in having much larger leaves and pods, which are blunt at the tips, and with the stamens equal. ? VIOLARIA. 18. Viouadebilis. Hab. Flat-Head river. Flow- ering about the beginning of April. 16 PLANTS OF THE. 5 > 19, Viowa Muttallii. Hab. Kamas Prairie, near the sources of the Columbia. April. CARYOPHYLLE. 20. Cerastium elongaltum. Sources cf Missouri, Columbia, and the banks of the Arkansas. The round capsule exhibits a very close affinity to Are- naria. It is wholly covered by a soft pubescence, the leaves oblong-ovate, but the leafy axils produce often numerous nearly linear leaves. LINE. 21. Linum perenne. Sources of the Columbia. MALRACE. 22. Nurratua Munroana. Foliis subcordatis, inciso-den- tatis, superioribus subtrifidis, pubescentibus, floribus fasci- culatis, subspicatis, bracteis calycinis obsoletis deciduis. Malva Munroana, Hooker. 4. Stems about a span high, with a few slender axillary flower branches, and as well as: the leaves covered moderately with stellated hairs.’ Leaves upon long and slender petioles, the lower somewhat cordate, the upper somewhat cuneate at the base, partly trifid and incisely toothed, the lower irregu- larly dentate and obtuse. Peduncles slender, axil- lary, commencing almost from the root, each termi- nated by a cluster of three to five shortly pedicellate flowers, the upper clusters accumulating into a short ee "Kock MOUNTAINS. 17 e and rahe dense spike. Two or three very slender brownish, sphacelous, deciduous and filiform bracts beneath the calyx, which latter is briefly and bluntly five-cleft at the summit, and densely covered with stellated hairs. Corolla scarlet, about the color of minium or red lead. Pistils about eight to ten. A very beautiful and ornamental plant nearly allied to Matva coccinea, of which it possesses wholly the habit. Hab. The open vallies about the south sources of the Columbia. Flowering about the middle of June. ACERINZ. 23. AcER circinatum, Pursh. A. glabrum, Tor- rey, Annals Lyc. New York, vol. ii. p. 172. The wood is essentially like that of the red maple, and presents a beautiful curled texture. LEGUMINOS &. 24. Oxyrroris *lagopus. Subacaulis, sericeo-lanuginosa, pumila, foliolis oblongo-ellipticis sub-4-jugis, capitulo sub- umbellato, calyce canescente, dense lanuginosa, bracteis ovatis longiore, germinibus glabris. yx. Root large and stout, dividing into several crowns of leaves above. Stipules membranaceous, intensely woolly. Leaves small, about three or four pair, elliptic-ovate or oblong, canescently woolly and shining. Radical peduncle scarcely exceeding the short leaves, about two inches long. ‘The flowers in C 18 PLANTS OF THE a flat capitulum, five or six in number, violet blue, the corolla but little exserted. The calyx very woolly, tubular, the dentures short and linear. Vexillum oblong and emarginate. Carina shortly and bluntly. acuminate, germ, and probably the pod, smooth. Hab. About the sources of the Missouri. 25. Oxytropis uralensis, Lin. ASTRALAGUS mol- lissimus? ‘Torrey. 26. Astracatus *leptophyllus. Erectus glaber, foliolis linearibus remotis, racemis oblongis, brevibus, peduncu- latis, folio longioribus, leguminibus subulatis? glabris, flo- ribus ochroleucis. 4. Very smooth, the stem rather robust 3 stipules very small and wide, subovate, obtuse, adhering to the stem. Leaflets distant, about three or four pair, smooth, linear and obtuse. _Peduncles very long, four inches or so before commencing with flowers. The flowers about ten,. (apparently ochroleucous,) disposed. ina short, lax, oblong raceme; calyx almost smooth, the dentures small and shallow. Flower ra- ther small, but twice the size of that of A. gracilis ; a species to which, as well as to A. subulatus, the present bears no inconsiderable affinity. Germ subu- late, smooth, with apparently a villous stipe. Hab. The head waters of the Missouri. Flower- ing about the middle of June. Pes Ss ee ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 19 27. Astracatus *Mortoni. Glabriuscula erecta, foliolis 6-8-jugis oblongis obtusis, racemis densifloris nutantibus, pedunculatis, folio subsequalibus, germinibus villosis. »%. Erect and nearly smooth. Stipules membrana- ceous, broad, sheathing and attached to the stem. Leaflets six to eight pair, oblong, or oblong-elliptic. Raceme pedunculate, about the length of the leaves ; flowers crowded, nutant, ochroleucous, the spike two to three inches in length. Calyx nearly smooth, the dentures short and acute. Flower not much ex- panded. Germ villous, not stipitate. Hab. About the sources and upper branches of the Missouri, named in honor of Doctor Morton, so well known for his researches in the geology of the United States. 28. Hepysarum boreale, H. Mackenzii, of Rich- ardson, not the H. Alpinum of Michaux. Hab. The sources of the Missouri. Flowering in July. Flowers bright violet purple. The wings of the corolla very large, with the carina and stamens bent anteriorly at an obtuse angle in the usual con- spicuous manner of the genus. The calyx small, with the segments subulate. 29. Lupinus sericeus, Pursh. The bracts subu- late and deciduous. Flowers blue. Leaflets seri- ceous, eight to ten.. Root perennial.» A very showy species. Hab. Fiat-Head river. Flowering in May. 20 PLANTS OF THE 30. Lupinus ornatus, Douglas, in Hooker’s Flora Boreal. Am. p. 164. A very showy species, nearly related to the preceding, and may probably be the L. argenteus of Pursh. Hab. With the preceding, and flowering a little earlier. ROSACEZ. 31. Pursuta tridentata. A low spreading bush, common throughout the valleys of the Rocky Moun- tains. Branchlets covered with imbricated pointed scales, (persistent sphacelous stipules, ) with the leaves apparently proliferous. The calyx of its pedicel co- vered with a short viscid pubescence. 32. Sreversia triflora, Geum triflorum, Ph. Hab. Fiat-Head river. Flowering in May. 33. PoTenTILLA fruticosa. From the head wa- ters of the Missouri. Flowering about the 11th of July. The branches elongated, remote, one-flowered, the flower larger than usual, presenting a somewhat alpine habit. 34. Porentitia *rigida. Pubescens, caule erecto, foliis 5-7 palmatisectis, lobis cuneato-oblongis, inciso-serratis subpinnatifidis, stipulis subintegris brevibus, floribus corymbosis approximatis, laciniis calycinis lanceolatis, petalis multo brevioribus, carpellis marginulatis levibus. Allied apparently to P. chrysantha of Treviranus; a native also of America and Siberia. ee a ee ee eee pal i ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 21 y. Very erect and rigid, the stem stout, and as well as the leaves, which appear wholly green, co- vered with a short pubescence.. Leaflets attenuated at the base, the lowest in seven’s, above in five’s and three’s. External sepals conspicuously smaller. Hab. Towards the sources of the Missouri, and as far down as the old Arikaree village. - Very nearly allied to P. hirta, particularly to the variety recta. The stipules, calyx, deep incisions of the leaves and the shortness of the pubescence, serve however, to distinguish it. 35. PorenTiLia dissecta? About a span high and erect: stipules large, lanceolate, and as well as the calyx somewhat tomentose. Uppermost leaves ternate, the radical ones pinnate, incisely serrate. Flowers in a lax corymbose panicle, large. Seg- ments of the calyx linear-lanceolate and acute. Hab. In the Kamas Prairie towards the sources of the Columbia. Flowering in June. 36. Porentitxa arguta, Ph. Glabriuscula, graveolens, caule folioso erecto, foliis pinnatisectis subviscosis caulinis 3—5 foliolatis, foliolis oblongo-ovatis inciso-serratis, floribus corymbosis congestis, laciniis calycinis ovatis acutis, petalis ovalibus luteis longitudine calycis. 4¢.. Stem robust, erect, 12 to 18 inches high, somewhat pubescent and viscid, in common with the whole plant. Lower leaves short and pinnately di- vided, almost. sessile, all simply serrated, nearly 22 PLANTS OF THE smooth and quite green, segments below about four pair, above only in five’s and three’s. Stipules short, dilated and somewhat toothed. Flowers “— small and yellow. Hab. On the head waters of the Columbia, nearly allied to P. agrimonoides, or the Boorta sylvestris of Bigelow, but certainly distinct, in its greater vis- cidity, more leafy stem, and yellow instead of white flowers. 37. AMELANCHIER alnifolia. Source of the Mis- souri. ONAGRARIA. Subgenus of (2noruera.—*HETEROSTEMON. Calyx, laciniis non coalitis, stigma globossum integrum. Stamina 4, ceteris breviora. Capsula sub-ovata levi. Se- mina depressa punctata. 38. CEvornera *heterantha. Acaulis, foliis oblongo- lanceolatis integris, petalis obovato-subrotundis retusis, ~ stamina 4 breviora, capsulis leevibus. 4. Stemless. Leaves almost exactly those of Primvta lanceolata, attenuated at either extremity, and apparently wholly entire and quite smooth. Tube of the calyx much shorter than the leaves, its terminal segments narrow lanceolate and reflected, as well as wholly divided down to the commencement of the tube, and not adhering laterally as in other species of the genus. Petals rather small, golden ee ee ee ee a se. ok ee ah ROCKY MOUNTAINS, 23 yellow, not emarginate. Four of the stamens much shorter than the others, but little exserted beyond the claws of the petals. Capsules radical, sessile, brown when mature, ovate-elliptic and pointed, the valves quite even. Seeds pale, covered with im- pressed punctures, when seen through a lens. Hab. Towards the sources of the Columbia, in dry prairies. Flowering in June. © This plant pro- bably constitutes a genus, being in the circumstance of its unequal stamens allied to Clarckia. LOASEZ. 39. Bartonra lxvicaulis. . Hab. Towards the sources of the Missouri. CRASSULACE. 40. SepuM stenopetalum, Ph: 2%. About a span high. Producing often cespitose tufts of root leaves, which are succulent, linear and rather acute, ap- pearing also somewhat rough when dry. Stem leaves shorter, somewhat gibbous, and attached to the stem a little above their base. Branches often arise from the base of the stem; the corymb tricho- tomous and crowded with sessile flowers. Petals five, much longer than the calyx, linear-lanceolate and acu- minate, saffron-yellow. Pistils five. Order SPE TALUME. Calyx petaloideus, imbricatus, suboctosepalus. Petala 10—12, libera. Stamina numerosa, indefinita; anthera 24 PLANTS OF THE utrinque bifida! Stylus filiformis, stigmata 6—8. Cap- sula. supera, unilocularis, baccatus? 3—4 valvis? poly- sperma. sale Herba succulenta, perennis; folia integra. Seapo invo- lucrato unifloro. Flores magni, Cacti facie. 41. Lewista rediviva, plate 2. Spottians of the Sailish or Flat-Head Indians. Racine d’ Amare of the Canadians. ys. Roots thick and stout, many united i in the same general crown, the fibres few and short, issuing chiefly from the extreme roots. The epidermis of the root brown, internally madder red, the substance of the root almost like pith, pure white; when dead, on being moistened, it presents the appearance of starch, and in hot water dissolves into an edible and abundant mucilage. The leaves collected into rosu- late clusters imbricated over each other; the older ones marcescent and persistent, the growing ones ob- long linear, obtuse, thick and succulent; when dry quite membraneous and almost film- like at the base. Scape about two inches long, involucrate, and articu- lated above the middle; the involucrum consisting of six to eight rather minute filmy, narrow, long pointed leaves or scales. The flower very large, wholly like that of a Cactus, rose red. The calyx large, but somewhat shorter than the corolla, the sepals co- lored, quite petaloid, about eight, imbricated or in- cumbent, broad ovate. The petals about ten to twelve, cuneate-oblong, obtuse. Stamens numerous, PEL LEWISIA REDIVIVA. SS aye ee ee eg se ee ee ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 25 filaments long and slender. Anthers linear, bifid at either extremity, the base divaricate or sagittate. Style 1, coalescing with the striated conic germ: the stigmas long and filiform, six to eight, somewhat pubescent. The germ superior, indicating the struc- ture of a berry rather than of a capsule, the seeds oval, numerous. The ripe’fruit unknown. Hab. The dry prairies, in the vicinity of Lewis’ and Flat-Head rivers. The roots constitute a fa- vorite article of food among the aborigines. The bark is stripped off, and a handfull boiled with ani- mal food forms a considerable quantity of nutritious mucilage. ‘The dead root even almost dissolves into starch by maceration in cold water. This very curious and showy plant constitutes a very distinct natural order, apparently almost inter- mediate between the Ficoidex and Cactex, is but much nearer to the latter; yet. from Cactus the habit is wholly different, the germ being also superior and perhaps capsular, though the seeds appear pa- rietal and scattered as in a monolocular berry. - GROSSULARIEZ. 42. Rises *reniforme. Inerme, glabrum, viscosum, foliis reniformibus vix lobatis crenulatis, racemis plerisque tri- floris, calycibus tubulatis, petalis inclusis brevissimis, bracteis spathulatis pedicello multo.brevioribus, germinibus pubescentibus. This species appears to be a small alpine shrub of D 26 PLANTS OF THE a depressed growth, remarkable for the viscidity of its foliage and the entireness of their outline, present- ing scarcely any appearance of lobing. The flowers are greenish-white, and rather large in proportion. Hab. Sources of the Columbia. 43. Rises aureum, Ph. Hab. Little Goddin River, sources of the Columbia. Rises longiflorum, Nuttall, in Fraser’s Catalogue, 1813. So named one year previous to Pursh’s publication. SAXIFRAGACEE. *LITHOFRAGMA. Calyx cyathiformis 5-dentatus. Petala 5, unguiculata, trifida. Stamina 5—10. Styli 2—3, a basi distincti. Herbacea, folia reniformia. 44, Tevuima (Lithofragma) parviflora; T. parvi- flora, Hooker, Flor. Boreal. Amer. 1. c. Annual. Small and pubescent. Leaves reniform, almost twice three-lobed and cleft, divisions of the radical foliage broader, fewer and more obtuse, only about two leaves on the stem. Flowers in a short flattish clus- ter, pale rose, almost white. The petals conspicu- ously unguiculate and equally three-lobed. Stamens eight to ten. Capsule? This species appears wholly distinct in habit from the T. grandiflora, and ap- proaches nearer to the genus Saxifraga. It ought, probably, with Mire.ua frifida, to constitute a genus. ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 27 Hab. Dry hill sides on the borders of Flat-Head river. Flowering in April. UMBELLIFER A. _ 45, Evtornus *ambiguus. Glaber, ramosus, foliis sub- biternato-sectis, lobis angusto-linearibus, petiolis vaginanti- bus tumidis, umbellulis confertis, involucro utroque ‘nullo, radicibus tuberosis, floribus flavis. 2. Root consisting of small round edible tubers. Smooth. Stem about one foot high. Petioles di- lated into large tumid sheaths, the leaves twice and partially thrice ternately divided, the segments smooth, one to one and a half inches long, narrow and entire. Umbels lateral and terminal. The flowers yellow, and destitute of both general and partial involucrum. Umbels hemispherical. Petals oval and inflected. Many of the flowers appear to be abortive. — : Hab. On the borders of Flat-Head river. Flow- ering about the middle of April, or later. The root by Mr. Wyeth is said to consist of round and small tubers, having the taste of parsnips and is employed for food by the natives. Nearly allied to Sesext leiocarpum of Hooker, but the leaflets are not ob- long. The stem somewhat branched, and the sheaths very tumid. 46. Evtornus *triternatus. - Puberulus, acaulis, foliis biternati-sectis, partitionibus mediis subdivisis, laciniis an- gusto-linearibus elongatis acutis, petiolis vaginantibus an- 28 PLANTS OF THE gustioribus, umbellulis confertis, involucellis. polyphyllis, exiguis, floribus flavis. Sxsexi triternatum? Pursh. 1. p- 197; Hooker, Flor. Boreal. 1. p. 264? pl. 94. y. Very similar with the preceding, but stemless, minutely pubescent, with small sheaths. and more simple and contracted umbels, the rays seven to ten. Involucrum none. Petals oval, inflected in the cen- tre. Root fusiform. Hab. With the preceding; the root also eaten by the Indians when fermented with heat. CyMoPreERus. Calyx 5-dentatus. Petala obovata emarginata, apice inflexa. Fructus ovalis, 4 dorso subcompressus. Meri- carpia 4—5~-alata, alis latissimis undulatis, 2 marginales. Vitte, numerose#.. Commissura Bi dries: Carpo- phorum plerisque: bipartitum. i Herba pumila perennis, radice ‘ubotoie,