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OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

OO Le Ee
PART II. (NATURAL HIstTory, &c.)

(Nos. I & II.—1901.)

EDITED BY THE

_ Naturar fiistory Secrerary.

“Tt will flourish, if naturalists, chemists, antiquaries, philologers, and men of
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Wo. JONES.

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ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STRUEYT.

1902.

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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

Kine, Grorer ;—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

Mann, Harotp H.;—Studies in the Chemistry and Physio-
logy of the Tea Leaf. Part I. The Knzymes of the Tea
Meafe 2S 33 a as

Manners-SMITH, i) ;—Wolf Tine im Gilgit

McManon, A. H. ;—Woftes on the Fauna of Chitral ...

;—Notes on the Fauna of Dir and Swat

Nicévitte, Lionet Dr ;—Nofes on the Butterflies ee in the
subgenus Tronga of the genus Kupleea i

NorsE, C. G. ;—New species of Indian Hemeieaecn

Pray, D.;—Novicie Indice XVIII. The Asiatic se ¢
Dalbergia... Me ave aes s

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NOTICE.
The map illustrating Captain Leonard Rogers’
article, page 457, Part II, Vol. LXIX, 1900,
is issued herewith, and should be bound up in

its proper place. (Hd.)

California Academy of Sciences

——— eet

Presented byASiatic Society of
Bengal.

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essnoine 10 qmabeoh, 3

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,

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Vol. LXX. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE.

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No. I.—1901.

—e™

I.—Notes on the Fauna of Chitral.—By Cart. A. H. McManoy, C.S.1,
C.L.E., F.Z.8., Political Agent, Dir, Swat, and Chitral.

[ Received 8th February; Read 6th March, 1901.]

As in the case of “ Notes on the Fauna of the Gilgit District”
(Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. Ixviii, part 2, no. 2, pp. 105-109,
1899), I propose to place on record the results of such observations as
I have been able to make in the matter of Zoology during my official
connection during 1899-1900-1901 with the Chitral country.

I know of no previous records having been made of the Fauna of
this country. Any record of the existence or non-existence of animals
in it will therefore be of use in adding to general knowledge regarding
the geographical distribution of the various forms of animal life,

As will be seen, my notes are lamentably scanty. They are based
on personal observations made during three visits to Chitral, and on the
information kindly given to me by Capt. B. EH. M. Gurdon, C.1.E., D.S.O.,
Assistant Political Agent in Chitral, Major G. A. J. Leslie, R.E., and
other military officers stationed in Chitral.

Such as they are, I place these notes on record in the hope that they
may be of interest, and form the modest beginning of a more complete
and comprehensive record.

The country of Chitral is similar in most respects to the adjacent
Hindu Kush region of Gilgit. Geographically it may be defined as the

Jou. 1

2 A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Chitral. [No. 1,

drainage area of the Chitral river and its numerous affluents as far
south as the junction of the Arnawai river with the main stream.

Like Gilgit, it forms one of the most lofty tracts of country on the
surface of our globe. From the high glacier-bound valleys which take
their rise from Tirich Mir, 25,500 ft. and other lofty mountain peaks,
the elevation of the country decreases until as one descends the valleys,
the land of snow and glaciers is exchanged for barren hill sides, of rocky
cliffs and debris: Passing through the fringe of forest line, one de-
scends to the fertile alluvial plateaux of prehistoric river-beds through
which the present streams now run in deep narrow gorges. The lowest
elevation, 7.e., of about 4,000 ft., is reached at the point where the Chitral
river leaves the Chitral district and thence onwards under the name of
the Kunar river flows through Asmar to join the Cabul river.

The northern and eastern portions of Chitral are very similar in
character to the Gilgit country, and the conditions of life being the same,
the fauna is, as one would expect, much the same in both countries.
Further south and west however the rainfall is greater, and the hill
sides are consequently more covered with forest and vegetation than
those of the Gilgit District.* This naturally tends to an increase in the
~ number and variety of the fauna, and we find pheasants, monkeys, jungle
fowl, and leopard (Felis pardus)}+ which are not to be found elsewhere in
Chitral or Gilgit. Iam told that the green parrot (I presume Palzornis
torquatus) is to be found at the lower end of the Chitral valley. They
doubtless come up from the warmer climes of the Jalalabad and Kunar
valley.

The neighbouring country on the west, Kafiristan, is very thickly
wooded, and from all accounts appears to be particularly rich in fauna of
all kinds. Zoological research in Kafiristan would doubtless give most
valuable and interesting results. It is to be regretted that such research
is at present out of the question.

I proceed now to note on a few species of the Chitral Fauna.

MammattaA.—The most numerous of the larger mammals in Chitral
are Ibex, Markhor and Oorial.

Ibea.—(Capra sibirica). These abound on or above the snow-line
throughout the higher and more elevated portions of the Chitral country
and in the upper portions of all the valleys which join the Chitral
valley above Chitral itself. They are not as far as I know to be found
in any valley below Chitral.

* Somewhat similar conditions with corresponding results as to. fauna prevail
“in the-Chilas tract on the S.-E. corner of the Gilgit District.
, As opposed to the snow. leop: rd (Felis wneia).

1901.] A. H. McMahou—Noles ow Fwuna of Chitral. 3

They are identical with the ibex of the Gilgit District, but for some
reason or other, the average length of the horns is slightly less than of
those of the Gilgit ibex. Horns of over 40 inches in length are fewer
than in Gilgit, and the largést head obtained is I think not over 45 inches,

The rutting season begins about the ist of February and continues
for upwards of a month, but in the case of the older males only half that
time,

The young are born in July at an average elevation of 14,000 feet,
generally, it is said, in the same nullahs as rutting took place. The
females retire into very difficult and inaccessible ground before giving
birth.

_ | Markhor.—(Capra falconeri). These are very numerous in ee
lower valleys in Chitral. They are of the Pir Panjal variety (vide
fic. 165 of Blanford’s Fauna of India. Vol. Mammalia), z.e., with horns
handsomely curved, but without the wide exaggerated curve and spread
of the variety known as the Astor. [I may note here that the Astor
variety is only to be found in the few valleys which join the Indus river
on the left bank between Bunjiand Chilas, All the markhor elsewhere
in the Gilgit District are of the Pir Panjal variety ].

A few heads somewhat resembling the Cabul variety ee = of
Blanford’s Fauna of India) are also to be found in Chitral. |

The northern limits of markhor in Chitral appear to be:—in. éidken
Lutkho valley at a point half-way between Drusp and Shogot; in the
Chitral main valley and valleys joining it on the left bank, at Mori
(about 10 miles above Chitral). The southern limits of the Chitral
(z.e., Pir Panjal variety) are said to be :—on the right bank of the Kunar
river at Chighar Serai, and on the left bank at Nari (Narsat),.

The largest head as yet obtained in the Chitral District measures
06 inches in length of horn. Horns over 50 inches are very rare.

In Chitral the rutting season begins about the first week of
December, and in Gilgit in about the second or third week of that
month. It continues for about a month, but in the case of the older
males only about a fortnight. The young in Chitral are born early
in June, almost invariably, it is said, in the same nullahs where
the parents were during the rutting season. The males leave these
nullahs for cooler climes about May. The females retire into -the
highest. and most difficult ground they can find in the nullah before -
giving birth.

— Oorial.—-( Ovis vigner).—These are plentiful in the Chitral ealiless from
Reshan downwards. They are of the Ladak variety, known as. shapu:
(Ovis cycloceros), and differ from the proper oorial of the Punjab,
Afghanistan, Sind and Beluchistan (Ovis viynet) in having no white ruff

4 A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Chitral. [No. 1,

below the neck but only a white tuft in the black beard on the breast,
and in having shorter but more massive horns. The horns seldom exceed
30 inches in length. Any over 32 inches are practically unknown. _ The
horns however reach a circumference of from 10 to 12 inches round the
base, whereas the oorial seldom exceeds 10 inches. In naming the
Chitral animal oorial (Ovis vignei) as above I have followed the
nomenclature of Dr. Blanford (Fauna of India) who includes both the
shapu (Ovis cycloceros) and oorial (Ovis vignei) under that head.
Their northern limits in Chitral are practically the same as those of the
markhor.

Their rutting season begins about the 15th of November and
continues about a month. The young are born at an average elevation
of 9,000 feet.

Of large mammals the following are also common in Chitral.

Leopard.—(Felis pardus). This, the common Indian leopard, is
numerous in the lower portions of the Chitral district. It is not to be
found in Gilgit.

Snow Leopard.—(Filis uncia). Common in all the higher portions
of the country.

Bears.—Unlike Gilgit, where the black bear (Ursus torquatus) is
very rare, in Chitral it is very common, and abounds in the Chitral
main valley and side valleys as far north as Reshan.

Brown bears (Ursus arctus) only occur in the Chitral country at
the head of the Turikho and Yarkhun valleys. Its scarcity in Chitral
is a contrast to its abundance in most parts of the Gilgit district.

Marmots—The red or long-tailed Marmot (Arctomys caudatus)
with its shrill whistle-like call, is to be found in large numbers at the
head of the Ayun nullah, and at the head of the Yarkhun and
Baroghil valleys. It does not appear to have been seen elsewhere.

[With reference to Marmots I might note here that since suggest-
ing in my notes on the Fauna of Gilgit, that the Thibet, Himalayan,
and Long-tailed Marmots ( Arctomys himalayanus—hodgsont, and caudatus),
might prove to be all one and the same species, I have been informed
by Dr. Blanford that the A. himalayanus and A. caudatus are distinctly
different forms as shown by the structure of their skulls. |

Musk deer.—(Moschus moschiferus) is to be found in the Shishi
Koh valley, and is said to be fairly common on the mountains dividing
Chitral from Dir.

Monkeys are to be found in the lower end of the Chitral valley.
They go about in herds.* I cannot say what species they belong to.

* Capt. Gurdon saw a herd of them at Mirkandi on the bank of the Chitral
river only 4,000 ft, above sea-level.

1901.] A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Chitral. 5

The general characteristics seem to be those of Macacus rhesus, but
all the specimens I have seen have, instead of a tapering tail, a tail of
about 8 inches in length coming to an abrupt end as if it had been cut
off like a fox terrier’s. I am endeavouring to obtain a specimen to
send down to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, for identification.

The existence of monkeys in Chitral, and also as will be noted elses
where in Dir and Swat, is remarkable, as I do not know of their ever
having been reported so far west.

Wolves, jackals, hyznas, lynxes, pig and foxes are to be found in
Chitral as in Gilgit. As regards smaller mammals, I have been unable
to make personal observations.

Reptilia and Batrachia.—As regards these I regret having been
unable to make observations. As in Gilgit, these families are but
sparsely represented. Snakes are few, and the only specimen I have
been myself able to obtain was one of Zamenis ventrimaculatus.

Birds.—Owing to its larger extent of wooded tracts, birds, especially
of the smaller kinds, appear even more plentiful in the winter months
in Chitral than in Gilgit. I have been unable to study them, and will
content myself with a brief note of such kinds as have come to my
notice.

Tetraogallus himalayensis—The Himalayan snow-cock known as the
Ram Chickor is very plentiful on the higher slopes of all the Chitral
valleys, as is the case also in Gilgit.

Chickor.—Caccabis chucar is also very common in the lower valleys.
Hawking these birds with various kinds of hawks is the principal form
of sport indulged in by Chitralis.

Note.—I have never heard of either the grey or black partridge,
Francolinus pondicerianus or vulgaris, being found anywhere in Chitral.

Pheasants.—The Rohtas pheasant exists in the nullahs below Drosh,
but I am unable to say whether it is the ordinary Pucrasia macrolopha
or the species named Pwerasia castanea which ‘is only known” (vide
Blanford’s Fauna of India Birds, vol. iv.) ‘‘ by two skins said to have
““come from Kafiristan. In these the neck all round, upper back, breast,
*‘ and flanks are chestnut, and the middle of the abdomen black.” Iam
endeavouring to obtain specimens, in order to elucidate this point. The
Monal pheasant, Lophophorus refulgens, is plentiful in the wooded valleys
of lower Chitral.

No Kalij pheasants have as yet been met with in Chitral.

Jungle Fowl—Capt. Gurdon informs me that he has often heard
what he thinks must be jungle-fowl in the lower Chitral valleys. He
says they crow just like a domestic cock. Unfortunately he has never
obtained any specimens.

6 A, H. McMahon—Noles on Fauna of Chitral. [No. 1;

~ Mynas (the common Acridotheres tristis ?) ‘are very plentiful in
lower Chitral. Hagles, Hawks and’ Vultures of various kinds are, as
might be expected in such a mountainous eopmbnys vey comnion in the
winter months.

Chitral is famed for its Goshawks Anbar palumbarius) which are
caught in large numbers every winter, or more correctly speaking at the
commencement of each winter, as they pass over the country on their
way to India. As many as 60 birds were caught in the winter of 1899.
T‘he method adopted is as follows ; an open space of level ground, as
high up a mountain side as possible, is selected. In the middle of this
a hole large enough for a man to sit in is made, and then roofed over
flush with the ground leaving a small concealed entrance at the side
for entrance and exit. In the centre of the roof is a small hole through
which a tame chickor is put out to walk about on the roof, attached by
its leg to a string held by the man inside the chamber. The passing
goshawk attracted by the chickor swoops down and seizes it, where-
upon it is caught by the legs and pulled down by the man into the
chamber below. ‘These goshawks in travelling over Chitral fly very
high, and in fine clear weather fly too high to be attracted by this
method. It is in threatening, cloudy weather when they fly lower tliat:
captures are made. The females are by far the most valued, and all
those caught are, by time-honoured custom, the property of the Mehtar,
to whom they have to be presented. They are sometimes returned’ tor
the captor, but more frequently a suitable present is given in return.
The Chitralis are famed for their skill in training hawks. A passage
goshawk has been known to be flown with success at game within 5 days)
of its capture. A female goshawk flown at game, after a male bird has
been released, will make straight for the male and kill it.

Pisces.—The fishes of Chitral have never been studied. The rivers
contain fish in considerable numbers, though none reach any great
size. A fish of 5 lbs. is said to have been caught in the: lower Chitral
river, but few reach 3 lbs. The majority appear to be of the kind known
commonly as “ Snow Trout,” and is I presume a species of Cyprinine. A’
species of catfish (Siluroid) is also ‘s be found in the lower waters of
the Chitral River.

The Mahaseer, Barbus tor, is unknown in Chitral.

Lepidoptera.— The eet te of Chitral include many rare eit
interesting kinds.. Major G. A. Leslie, R.E , and Lt. W. H. Evans, R.E.,
are now engaged in making: a cotladiion W hich i is likely to prove of great
value..

1901.) A. H. MeMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. 7

I have recorded these notes with some diffidence. The zoological
records of a country if they are to exist at all must have a beginning,
even though that beginning be a modest one. Chitral offers an interest-
ing field for zoological research, and it will be seen from. the above
notes how little has as yet been done in this direction. est

The existence of monkeys, marmots, musk deer, shapu, Himalayan
snow cock, and (I think we may add) jungle- fowl i in Chitral is interest-
ing, as no record appears to have heen as yet made of these animals so
far West. -

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II.—Notes on the Fauna of Dir and: Swat.—By Carrain A. H. McManox,
CSI, C.LE, F:Z.8. Political Agent, Dir, Swat and Chitral.

[Received 8th February ; Read 6th March, 1901.] ©

! On previous occasions I have, in the case or the Gilgit Fit Chitral
Districts, placed on record a few notes on the Fauna of those countries,
in the hope that though scanty in themselves they might be of interest
in adding to our existing knowledge of the distribution | of various
forms of animal life.

I propose here to do the same with Sone ‘3 the country of Dir
and Swat, and to record such few observations on the Zoology of these
countries as circumstances have allowed me to make during my stay
(1899, 1900, 1901), in the Dir, Swat, and Chitral agency. Nothing as far
as I know has ever been recorded in the matter of Zoology regarding these
countries before. My notes therefore must be taken as a modest
endeavour to make a commencement of the complete Zoological records
which it is to be hoped will be made of these countries hereafter by
more capable hands.

Inability to move freely about this unsettled country and press of
work have prevented my observations being of anything like an exten-.
sive nature. The greater portion of the country is as yet unvisited by
Huropeans, and a wide field of interesting zoological research remains
antouched.

~The countries of Dir and Swat. are treated here as one. They
represent the drainage areas of the Panjkora and Swat rivers respec-
tively as far as their junction. Both rivers take their rise within a
_ short distance of each other in the lofty mountain range which forms
tlie southern boundary of Chitral, The peaks of this range vary in
height, decreasing from some 23,000 ft. on the N. -E, end to 15 ,000. ft,
or so on the 8: -W. ond of the range, ©

8 A. H, McMahon—WNotes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. _[No. 1,

‘ The upper portions of the head valleys of both the Swat and
Panjkora rivers resemble in most respects the valleys which on the
north side of the range form part of Chitral. It is to be expected
therefore that their fauna much resemble that of corresponding tracts
in Chitral.

The remainder and the greater part of the Dir and Swat countries
are at a much lower elevation than that of Chitral. Both are mount-
ainous, but each successive mountain range, as one proceeds south-
wards, becomes lower and lower, untilat the southern edge of the coun-
try the highest peaks attain to no more than 6,000 ft., while the main
valleys gradually descend to an elevation of only: some 2,000 ft. Both
the upper and lower portions of the Dir and Swat countries differ in
one respect from Chitral, in that the annual rainfall is very much
greater. This has resulted in clothing the hill sides of the upper
valleys with wide deodar forests, and in thickly covering the lower
slopes with pine, oak and other small trees. The lower valleys are wide
expanses of alluvial land of great fertility.

As might be expected, the fauna of the country is very rich and
‘varied. How little we yet know of it will be seen by the scantiness of
these notes.

Mammalia.—On the northern fringe of Swat where the water-
shed of the Swat river is also the watershed of some of the upper
Chitral valleys, the ibex (Capra sibirica) is reported. These I think
are only visitors from the Chitral side. Ibex is not found in Upper
Dir.

Markhor.—(Capra falconeri). A few of the Pir Punjab variety
with: gracefully curved horns (Fig. 165 of Blanford’s Fauna of India,
Vol. Mammalia) are to be found on the range which separates Dir from
Chitral, and Asmar. I do not know if any exist in Upper Swat or
Swat Kohistan, but one might expect to find them there. —

Further south in the range of hills which separate Swat from
Boner and the Peshawar plain, the Cabul variety with almost straight
horns and a slight spiral are found.

Oorial.—Ovis vignet exist but in small numbers in the Southern
borders of Swat. ‘They are of the Punjab variety, Ovis vignei proper,
and I have not heard of the existence in Dir and Swat of the Ovis
cycloceros or Shapu variety. It is doubtless to be found however in
Swat Kohistan which lies between Chitral and Chilas both possessing
this variety.

Goral.— Cervus goral has been seen in the Lower Swat valley, hea
one was caught alive while being swept down the Swat river ina
flood, and also on the hills above Malakand. The existence of this

eee es ee

—— a oe ee

1901.] A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and. Swat. or)

animal is interesting, as it does not appear ever to have been before
reported west of the Indus.

Musk Deer.—Moschus moschiferus is reported to be numerous 1n n the
upper portions of Dir.

Bears—The Brown Bear, Ursus arctus, has never been reported in
Dir or Swat.

The Black bear, Ursus torquatus, is very common all over Dir iid
Swat, even as far sunt as the range separating Swat from the Peshawar
valley.

Leopards.—The existence of snow leopard (Felis wncia) has never
been reported, but I feel sure it is to be found in Swat Kohistan. The

common leopard, Felis pardus, is very plentiful throughout Dir and

Swat.

Monkeys.—It is somewhat surprising to find that monkeys are
fairly common throughout most parts of Dir and Swat. I have seen
several live specimens that have been brought in from Dir, and a large
herd of monkeys has been lately seen on the slopes of the Bar Chanrai
hill on the north side of the Lower Swat valley opposite Malakand.
I have been unable to satisfy myself about the identity of this monkey.
It appears to be of the same kind as specimens which I have seen in
Chitral. I have only seen live specimens of animals of both countries.
These strongly resented the close examination which is necessary for
identification. In general characteristics they would appear to resemble
either Macacus rhesus or Macacus assamensis, but their tails, which in
adults are about 8inches in length, are not tapering but come to an
abrupt end as though cut off, like a fox terrier’s tail. I hope to be able
to send a specimen of this monkey to the Indian Museum, Calentta, for
classification. |

I should note that the existence of monkeys has been also eehoriod
to me as having been met by officers while out after markhor in =
Pajja hill north of Mardan. .

Among other common mammals in Lower Dir and Swat are the
hyena, jackal, fox, wolf, pig, hare, porcupine (Hystriv lewcura) and
hedgehog.

Reptilia or Batrachia.—Regarding these my observations have been
confined to the immediate. neighbourhood . of Malakand and the
Lower Swat valley between Chakdara and Malakand. Both snakes
and lizards are numerous in the above area, but I have devoted my
attention chiefly to the former, of which I have examined a large
number of specimens. | | a |

Ophidia.—Though snakes are numerous, they seem all to belong to

but very few species. By far the commonest genus of snake in this
J. 2. | aol

10 A, H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. [No. ],

tract appears to be the Zamenis which is therein represented by the
following species.

Zamenis diadema.— This is very common, and the specimens
obtained average between 5 to 6 ft. in length. One specimen killed
had just swallowed a large rat. The peculiarity about most specimens
is the bright red colour of their heads. I have noticed this elsewhere
on the N.-W. frontier.

Zamenis mucosus.——Also common. Several very large specimens
were sent me from Mardan. This snake, both in Mardan and here, is
very dark coloured, and curiously resembles the black form of cobra.
I have been more than once taken in by this resemblance, It is very
common in the Guides’ grass farm at Mardan, where it is the terror of
the grass cutters. It adds to its similarity to a cobra by inflating out
its neck into some resemblance to a cobra’s hood—and assuming a
most threatening aspect.

Zamenis ladacensis—Very common. I also obtained specimens of
this snake with a bright vermilion line down the centre of its back.
I understand that this variety used to be considered a separate one
under the name Zamenis rhodorachis. This peculiar and very con-
spicuous colouring would almost appear to entitle it to retain a separate
name.

Zamenis ventrimaculatus.—Not so common as tlie preceding species.

Next to the Zamenis comes in point of numbers of specimens
obtained, the Hchis carinatus, which is plentiful everywhere. It is
possible that it isin reality far more numerous than the Zamenis, but
escapes detection by its protective colouring and smaller size. This is
the only species of the Viperids that has come to my notice in this
country.

Naja tripudians—I have only obtained a few specimens of the
cobra in this country. It does not appear to be numerous. Those
obtained have all been of the black var lety.

Bungarus cseruleus.—Only one specimen of the karait obtained, and
that in Malakand itself.

Tropidonotus piscator.—Common in the Swat valley ; one large speci-
men was found to have 18 large developed eggs inside it.

Tropidonatus stolatus.—One specimen.

I have subsequently obtained another specimen, which I sent alive
to the Indian Museum, where I called Major Alcock’s attention to its
colouring. The vivid light yellow colour of the centre portion of each
cross band down the length of its back has not been brought to notice
before.

Liycodon striatus.x—One specimen which I sent to the Indian Museum,
Calcutta, where it was identified by Major Alcock.

1901. ] A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. ll

Gongylophis conicus.—I obtained several specimens of this curious
snake.

Contia angusticeps.—This snake deserves some remark. I obtained
eleven specimens of it at Malakand and was unable to identify it. Major
Alcock, Superintendent, Indian Museum, Calcutta, to whom I sent speci-
mens, was also.unable to identify it with any known species, and it was
sent to the British Natural History Museum, where Mr. Boulenger has
identified it as the above, 7.e., Contia angusticeps, of which ony one
specimen appears to have been previously found.

_ Ophidia.—Continued.

Oligodon swbgriseus.—One specimen.

Typhlops braminus.—Two specimens, which I sent alive to the
Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Glauconia blanfordii.—I obtained one specimen, which I sent alive
to the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It unfortunately escaped before being
definitely identified. Major Alcock says he thinks it was the above
species.

Lacertilia. —Notwithstanding the number of Lizards in the coun-
try, l regret having been unable to devote attention to them. The
only specimens examined by me, have been as follows ;—

Varanus flavescens.—This is very common and attains a length of
about 3 feet.

Varanus bengalensis.—Common.

Gymnodactylus scaber. One specimen identified as above by Major
Alcock.

Calotes versicolor.

Eublepharis macularius.—One specimen identified by Major Alcock.
The colouring of this specimen in life deserves notice, The transverse
bands were jet black and bright yellow with a faint subshade of pink.

Birps.—The Dir and Swat countries are rich in varied and
numerous kinds of birds, both visitors and permanent residents. A
careful study of them would doubtless prove of great interest. Among
the few specimens examined by me are the following.

Rallus aquaticus 29 .—Water Rail. Differs from the type given in
Fauna of India (Birds, Vol. IV), in having the ashy-grey of the breast
slightly (though very slightly) washed with brown. Its length is 12
inches, instead of 11 inches as in the type.

Otis tetraz.—Little Bustard. ‘Two specimens obtained in winter
between Malakand and Mardan.

Cygnus olor.—Mute Swan. One live but wounded specimen brought
in March, 1900, by a man who said he had shot it with three others at
the mouth of the Swat river at Abazai.

12 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

- Lophophorus refulgens.—The Monal Pheasant is fairly common in the
higher and wooded slopes of all the Dir and Swat valleys. It appears
to suffer from snow blindness, and is easily caught at such times.
Several live specimens have been brought to me from Dir, and one from
near Thana in Lower Swat.

Circus cyaneus.—Hen Harrier. One specimen obtained from tia
edge of the Peshawar plain, November, 1900.

Duck and teal of many kinds pass through Swat and Dir on their
way to and from India in the autumn and spring. Quail and snipe also
pass through. I have never heard of Sand Grouse having been seen.

The Chickor and Scarse are permanent residents and very common.
So'also are the Grey and Black Partridges. The Black Partridge only
frequent the lower ends of the valleys. The Grey extend further up
the valleys. |

' Pisces. —The Panjkora and Swat rivers are full of fish, chiefly of the
kind commonly known as Snow Trout, which would appear to wit a
species of Cyprinine.

Mahaseéer (Barbus tor) ascend both rivers in considerable naidhigate
in the spring, but very few remain during the winter, as they nearly all
descend again to the Cabul river in the late autumn. Mahaseer up to
30 Ibs. have been obtained in the lower reaches of the Panjkora and
Swat rivers.

III.—Note. on. the Butterflies comprised in the subgenus Tronga of the
genus Kuploea.—By Lionet ve Nicktyi111, F.E.S., C.M.Z.S8., &e.

'[ Received March 15th; Read April 3rd, 1901. ]

-° In the Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1892, pp. 158-
161, will be found a note by me on the Indian and Malayan Peninsula
Butterflies of the subgenus Stictoplea of the genus Huplea. In the
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, pp. 247-248, is practically a reswmé of
this paper. In the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 1xi,
pt. 2, pp. 287-245 (1892), I gave a note on the subgenus Pademma of
the genus Huplea. In the present paper I propose to deal with the
subgenus Tronga of the genus Huplea. Iam driven to do so by the
circumstance that Mr. Robert Shelford, Curator of the Sarawak
Museum, Borneo, has from time to time sent me large numbers of
Trongas, imploring me to name them for him, as he is unable to do so
from Dr. F. Moore’s paper on the Hupleina in the Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London for 1883, pp. 253-324, in which six

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 13

species of the subgenus from Borneo are given as distinct, and from the
other literature at his disposal. I was no more successful. than Mr.
Shelford, and as in Calcutta I am shut off from access to the type speci-
mens of all the described species, [ despatched twenty-two male Ton.
gas from Sarawak to Dr. Moore, who has been so kind as to set them
all, and to return them to me. Under the date 7th October, 1900, he
writes to me:—‘‘I have compared your twenty-two male Trongas with
the types available, and have put the name to a specimen agreeing
exactly with the types of 7’. crameri, Lucas, T. brooke, Moore, and
1’. labwana, Moore. I have also enclosed a pencil sketch of the types of
1’. mooret, Butler, and T. pryeri, Moore, to which none of yours agree,
The types of all these are now in the British Museum. The other
unlabelled specimens of Tronga returned you will easily be able to
match with the verified specimens. I lave not been able to examine
them with 7. duatensis, Moore, as I have no opportunity now of com-
paring them with the type. I hope these will enable you to satisfy
yourself as to their specific value or otherwise.” I would have been
still more grateful to Dr. Moore for his kindness than I am had
he been so good as to have given me his opinion as to the names
by which ‘the nineteen specimens he returncd unnamed should be
known. In this and similar cases it is not difficult to pick out and
name extreme individual forms of a variable species, but it is the inter-
mediate specimens that puzzle one. However, with three named
species, drawings of two others, and the description of the sixth
it is not difficult to deal with the species of Tronga found on the north-
ern side of Borneo. I may note that the Island of Daat, from whence
1’. daatensis was described, is quite close to the much larger island of
Labuan on the North-West coast of Borneo ; both these islands lie ver 4
near to the coast, and are therefore not Hikely to possess any species
peculiar to them, especially Hupleas, which are well known to have
very tough constitutions and to take long and voluntary journeys. On
this subject Mr. W. P. Pryer in Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth
series, vol. xix, p. 48, n. 16 (1887) has some very interesting notes on the
migrations of Hupleas in North Borneo.

Dr. Moore in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, gives twelve Species of
Tronga,-from the Nicobar Isles, Lower Burma, the Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra, Nias, Borneo, and China. The latter habitat is most vague, as
China is a vast country. In ‘“ Lepidoptera Indica,” vol. i, pp. 76-80
(1890), Dr. Moore retains twelve species in the genus, out of which he
describes as new T. nicevillet from the Sunderbunds near Calentta, and
T. heylertsii from Sumatra, but he sinks his 2’. olivacea, Moore, as a’
synonym of T. bremeri, Felder, and omits all reference to 7. kinbergi,

14 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

Wallengren, from China, the total number therefore remaining the same
as in 1883.

In 1896, Mr. H. Fruhstorfer recorded HL. (Tronga) kinbergi,
Wallengren, from the Tengger mountains, 2,000 feet, Hast Java. In
1898, Mr. Fruhstorfer described Tronga crameri tenggerensis, new sub-
species, from the same place.

In 1896, Dr. B, Hagen described and figured an Reales pagenstecheri
from Bawean Island, which hes midway between Borneo and Java.
The describer says it comes into Moore’s genus Menama, which has in
the male an androconal patch of shining black scales on the upperside
of the hindwing behind the subcostal nervure towards the base of the
wing (not mentioned by Dr. Moore), this character being absent from the
genus Tonga. Dr. Hagen says it is allied to ZH. lorze, Boisduval (a
MS. name only, the species should be credited to Dr. Moore, who first
described it). . Mr. Fruhstorfer, however, makes it a local race of
T'ronga crameri, Lucas. From the figure I should say that it is a
Menama rather than a Tronga, but it is impossible to be certain without
seeing a male specimen.

In 1898, Dr. Hagen described Huplea (Tronga) mentawica and
E. (T.) morvisi, from the Mentawej Islands, which lie to the south of
the centre of the island of Sumatra.

In 1898, Mr. F. Fruhstorfer gave a list of the butterflies of the
genus Tronga, and described Tronga crameri tenggerensis from the
Tengger mountains, Hast Java, 2,000 feet, and Tronga crameri, ab.
biseriata, from East Java, It is not known to me if Mr. Fruhstorfer
considered in 1898 that his H. tenggerensis is the same species as the
E. kinbergi, Walleugren, he recorded in 1896 from the same spot. As
noted above, the latter was originally described from China. But he
remarks that the specimen in question appears to him to be a form of
the very variable female of Huplea (Isamia) rafflest, Moore, described from
Java. He goes on to say that “In the British Museum JL. kinbergi is -
apparently by mistake labelled as coming from China,’”’ although
it was originally described from thence. In the same paper Mr.
Fruhstorfer notes that Huplea (Tronga) brooket, Moore, from Borneo is
identical with Huplea (Menama) lorzxe, Moore, also from Borneo. This
is wholly wrong, the two species are absolutely distinct, and Dr. Moore
has correctly placed them in his genera Tronga and Menama respectively,
although he has omitted to describe the satiny shining black patch
of androconia on the upperside of the hindwing of the male by which
Menama can in that sex be at once distinguished from males of Tronga,
which lack this patch. Mr. Fruhstorfer further notes that it is
impossible to establish the genus Menama [as distinct from Tonga],

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 15

inasmuch as in Borneo as well as in Sumatra there are “double”
forms of T’ronga and Menama. He says that he possesses, for example,
specimens of T'ronga niasica, Moore, from Nias Island with rounded
forewings and others with angled forewings. That is quite probable,
most likely in addition to Tronga niasica there is an undescribed
species of Menama from that island, which I have not seen, though
I have many males of 7’. niasica. Mr. Fruhstorfer also notes that
the H. (Tronga) crameri of Lucas which I recorded from Bali seems to
belong to H. cramert tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer. This is not absolutely
the case, as my single specimen from that island does not agree entirely
with Mr. Fruhstorfer’s new subspecies, as it has fewer and smaller spots
on the forewing, so is not typical, and is certainly in my opinion not a
species distinct from H. cramert. In the genus Huplea I do not con-
sider as a rule an extra spot or two, or even a whole series of spots, of
any specific value whatever; the maculation in Hupleas is in nearly
every species a most variable character. Lastly Mr. Fruhstorfer notes
that it is curious that no species of Zronga has been found in
the island of Palawan in the Philippines, but that in the other parts of
the Malayan region there are two distinctly marked species of Tronga
which may be classified according to the following scheme :—

A. Hindwing with a prominent row of submarginal dots :—under
which be places (1) J. cramert, Lucas, (2) 7. crameri brooket, Moore,
(3) T. crameri marsdeni, Moore, (4) UT’. cramert bremert, Felder, (5) 1’.
cramert mooret, Butler [incorrect, as this is a Menama, not a Tronga},
(6) T. cramert pagenstechert, Hagen, (7) YZ. cramert tenggerensis,
Fruhstorfer, and ab. bisertata, Fruhstorfer, (8) TT. cramert biseriata,
Moore, and (9) 7. crameri morrisi, Hagen. He notes that T’. daatensis,
Moore, 7’. labuana, Moore, T’. johanna, Kirby, and T’. olivacea, Moore, all
fall to T. cramert, Lucas. As regards 1’. olivacea this is incorrect from
even Mr. Fruhstorfer’s views of the genus Tronga, as that species is,
according to Dr. Moore himself, based on a small female variety of
T’. bremeri, Felder.

B. Hindwing with a double series of very large clear white spots :—
under which he places (1) T. pryeri, Moore, (2) T. pryert heylertsii,
Moore, (8) 7. pryert niasica, Moore, (4) T. pryert mentawica, Hagen, and
(5) T. pryert nicevillet, Moore. Of 1’. crameri brookei, Moore, he notes
that it is perhaps a dry-season form of T. crameri, Lucas; while of
T. pryert heyleertsii, Moore, he notes that it is apparently a rainy-season
form. These surmises are I think quite incorrect, as in Borneo, Sumatra,
and the Malay Peninsula, where these species are said to occur, very few
butterflies indeed exhibit seasonal changes, there being no well-marked
wet- and dry-seasons, rain falling almost throughout the year, and

16 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

certainly’ no such seasonal forms are found in the genus Hupleéa occur-
ring in those regions.

- [have long held the opinion, gained by an extensive knowledge of
the genus Huplea in life, that in nearly all cases it is highly improbable
that any one spot will contain two really distinct species of one group
of the genus. Dr. Moore in his most valuable monograph of the genus
Euplea written in 1883 evidently had no such suspicion, never having
seen a live Huplea, nor an opportunity of examining hundreds of speci-
mens from a single locality as I have frequently done, as, for instance,
he gave six (one with a query) species of Tronga from Borneo; six of
Pademma from Assam, and probably several others, as he records four
other species from EH. and N.-E. Bengal, and another with a query, which
probably mean Assam; four of Isamia from South China and three from
Cochin China; and four of Stzctoplea from Assam. While working up the
Bornean Trongas, I thought it would be well to verify as far as I could this
general opinion of mine that it is exceptional for two distinct species
of one group to really occur in any one given locality, and taking up only
India and those regions lying adjacent thereto and Southern China,
regions that I am more or less well acquainted with from visiting many
of them for the purpose of collecting butterflies, I find on the whole
that my conjectures are likely to prove correct, though in two or three
groups, subgenera or genera (it is immaterial for our purpose how we
term them, though I prefer subgenera in our present ignorance of the
transformations of most of the species), this is certainly not the case,
as in Penoa we have a brilliantly blue-glossed species (devone, Westwood)
and a non-blue-glossed species (dowbledayi, Felder) occurring together
in Sikkim, Assam and Burma; while two quite distinct non-glossed
species, differing entirely in size and male sexual brands, gardineri, |
Fruhstorfer, and menetriesii, Felder (=pinwilli, Butler and evalida,
Swinhoe) vccur together in the Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra; again
in Pademma we have in the region of Calcutta and southwards to Tra-
vancore a species (kollavi, Felder) which is but slightly if at all blue-
glossed in those regions, gradually merging in other parts of Bengal
(the Maldah district for instance), Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam into a
strongly blue-glossed species (klugii, Moore). It is difficult to know
how to deal in systematic work with such forms, as the one is quite
distinct and constant in one region, while in another region this erst- -
while “good species’ becomes gradually merged into another species
which in its extremest form is absolutely different. In Hongkong also
two apparently quite distinct species of Crastva occur, viz., godartit,
Lucas, and kinbergi, Wallengren. However, these exceptional groups do
not greatly invalidate my previous conceptions of these various subgenera

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 17

of Huplea, as speaking generally I think it may be treated as an axiom
that no two really distinct species of one subgenus will be found to
inhabit one limited area. If would-be describers of Yupleas and several
other genera would bear this in mind in future, we would be saved
many of the synonyms of the past which burden our butterfly literature
and give endless trouble in trying to unravel them. I may note here
that I wholly dissent from the opinions held by Colonel C. Swinhoe as
expressed in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 270, that varietal forms of
well-known species should be named. It may be arguable that
“varieties”” may perhaps be described and named for the sake of con-
venience, though I consider it to be very inexpedient to do so, especially
in certain groups of Hupleas in which it is almost impossible to find
two specimens marked exactly alike, and to be logical every specimen
should have a name and thus reduce scientific nomenclature to an absur-
dity; but what I especially deprecate is calling these obvious varieties
“new species,” which they certainly are not. However, the late Capt.
E. Y. Watson in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. x, pp. 639-640
(1897) has already very clearly pointed out the untenable position
taken up by Col. Swinhoe in this matter, so I will not further attempt
to “ kill the slain.” |

To prove my thesis I will give some lists of subgenera of Huplea
which I think will help to substantiate my case. These lists are not
exhaustive and may perhaps contain some slight inaccuracies, but: they
me I believe in the main correct, and may prove perhaps to be some
help to others in working at this great group. The names placed in
brackets are in my opinion synonyms. The order of subgenera is that
followed in Dr. Moore’s monograph of the Hupleina published in 1883.
It would have been better to have given two lists, one of localities the
other of species, but this would have taken up too much time and space,
so I have adopted the second course ; the first can with a little trouble be
evolved from it.

Mernama, Moore.

Lower Burma, modesta, Butler (cupreipennis, Moore, tavoyana,
Malay Peninsula, modesta, Butler. [ Moore).
Siam, camaralzeman, Butler. gf

», modesta, Butler. .
Nicobar Isles, simulatriz, Wood-Mason and de Nicéville.
Sumatra, moorei, Butler. 7

- buatont, Moore.

Borneo, lorzs, Moore.

on PE, a

18 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

Menama does not apparently support my theory, as from the list
above two species are given from Siam; but Siam is a large country
and may have two distinct species of Menama occurring in different
parts of it, though as camaralzeman and modesta apparently differ not
at all except in size—this difference being very considerable—it may be
that they are one and the same species. Again two species, mooret and
buxtont, are recorded from Sumatra, the former is non-blue-glossed, the
latter is blue-glossed. I have had very numerous specimens of moore
from thence, it is very common there, but I have never seen buxtoni, so
there may be some mistake about the habitat of that species. Dr:
Moore places moorei in Tonga, but it is a true Menama.

Tronaa, Moore.

Lower Burma, crameri, Lucas (bremeri, Felder, johanna, Kirby,
marsdeni, Moore, olivacea, Moore, brookei, Moore, labuana, Moore,
daatensis, Moore, pryeri, Moore, heyleertsiz, Moore).

Malay Peninsula, crameri, Lucas.

Nicobar Isles, frawenfeldii, Felder (espert, Felder, biseriata, Moore).

Sumatra, crameri, Lucas.

Banka, cramer, Lucas.

Bali, cramert, Lucas.

Borneo, cramerz, Lucas.

Natuna Isles, cramer, Lucas.

Java, tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer, and ab. biseriata, Fruhstorfer.

Nias Island, niasica, Moore.

Bawean Island, pagenstechert, Hagen.

Mentawej Isles, morrist, Hagen.

* » mentawica, Hagen.

The subgenus Tronga is more fully considered on pages 30-38. I
need only note here that I have not seen the two species recorded from
the Mentawej Isles described as distinct by Dr. Hagen. It is highly
probable I think that they are synonymous, and moveover are not
separable from some previously-described species.

ApicAmMa, Moore.

Malay Peninsula, malayica, Butler (stolli, Weymer).
Sumatra, malayica, Butler.

Nias Island, malayica, Butler.

Java, ochsenheimeri, Moore.

Borneo, scudderii, Butler.

Palawan (Philippines), claudina, Staudinger.

1901.] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 19

I have nothing to remark about this subgenus; each of the four
known species inhabits a distinct area, and no two of them have been
recorded from the same area. 3

Prnoa, Moore.

Eastern Himalayas, doubledayi, Felder.
is ‘A deione, Westwood (poey:, Felder, magnifica,
Assam, doubledayz, Felder. [ Butler).
deione, Westwood.
Upper Burma, doubledayi, Felder.
= 5 detone,, Westwood.
Lower Burma, doubledayi, Felder. -
gardinert, Fruhstorfer.
. », limborgit, Moore.
Malay Peninsula, gardinerz, Fruhstorfer.
- be menetriesit, Felder (pinwillit, Butler, evalida,
Indo-China, limborgii, Moore. [Swinhoe).
a gardinert, Fruhstorfer.
Sumatra, menetriesii, Felder.
+! gardinert, Fruhstorfer.
Nias Island, menetriesii, Felder.
kheili, Weymer.
5 ~& uniformis, Moore.
Banka, menetriesiz, Felder.
Java, alcathoé, Godart (melancholica, Butler).
», wallengrenit, Felder.
» ¢ geyert, Felder.
5, ? eyndhovit, Felder.
Billiton, transpectus, Moore.*
Lombok, ? geyeri, Felder.
e sapitana, Fruhstorfer.
Borneo, wniformis, Moore.
» zonata, Druce.
5 masina, Fruhstorfer.
Mentawej Isles, sevtz:, Hagen.
Palawan (Philippines), cyllene, Staudinger.
8 ns distincta, Staudinger.
I have made some remarks on the subgenus Penoa on page 16. It is

99 99

99 9

* Mynheer P.C.T. Snellen in Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xxxiii, p. 284, n. 4 (1890),

records H, alcathoé from Billiton. It is unknown to me whether or no he considers
P, transpectus to be a synonym of that species.

20 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

an exception to my theory that two allied species of the same subgenus
do not as a rule occur in the same region. The synonymy of the
subgenus has been greatly changed since Dr. Moore’s Monograph of the
Eupleina was published in 1883, and since his ‘‘ Lepidoptera Indica ”
appeared. In the first-named paper his No. 1, alcathoé, Godart, is the
doubledayt of Felder; his No. 3, menetriesiz, Felder, is the gardineri of
Fruhstorfer; and his No. 4, pinwillii, Butler, is the menetriesit of Felder.
I think the number of recorded species in this genus will be greatly
reduced in the future, and many of the names given above as repre-
senting distinct species will be reduced to the rank of synonyms. I
possess only doubleday1, deione, gardineri, limborgit, menetriesit, alcathoé,
? geyert, untformis, and zonata.

CrastiA, Hiibner.

Western Himalayas
Eastern nl core, Cramer (cora, Hibner, vermiculata,
Continental India Butler, nicevillei, Moore).
Peninsular _,,
Ceylon, asela, Moore.
Burma (Upper only) core, Cramer.
Burma, godartit, Lucas (stamensis, Felder, layardi, Druce, subdita,
Malay Peninsula, graminifera, Moore. [Moore, binghamz, Moore).
? godartit, Lucas.
3 distantii, Moore,
Tne: China, godartit, Lucas.
mouhotit, Moore.
Me ? amymone, Godart.
FS ins, kinbergi, Wallengren.
lorquinit, Felder (felderi, Butler).
? amymone, Godart.
godartit, Lucas.
». prunosa, Moore.
Nicobar Isles, scherzert, Felder (camorta, Moore).
Sumatra, ? amymone, Godart.
inconspicua, Moore.
distantit, Moore.
i“ feldert, Butler.
Engano Isle, enganensis, Doherty.
es ,, oceanis, Doherty.
Java, haworthii, Lucas (eleusina, Hiibner, part, pl. ccxxu (ix),
7 figs. 1, 2, mec Cramer, hiibnert, Moore,
mooret, Felder, janus, Butler).

PP] 9

9 99

?

he)

9

99

9

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 21

Java, godartiz, Lucas. .
Philippines, snellent, Moore.
‘9 godarti, Lucas.

From the list above it would appear that Crastia does not bear out
my theory at all, Under core I have placed cora, Hiibner, and vermi-
culata, Butler, as these names represent the dry-season form of the
species. I have also added nicevillei, Moore, which comes from the
Sunderbans, near Calcutta. Many years ago four specimens of the
“‘ species’”’ were given to me, taken in February, and I set them down
to be rather unusually white examples of the dry-season form of core
(cora+vermiculata). Two of these I gave to Colonel Swinhoe, and
Dr. Moore described them as T’ronga nicevillei in Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 77,
pl. xx. The male has no sexual brand in the submedian interspace of
the forewing, this brand, however, is often obsolete in C. core, and is not
a character of much importance. The wings also are broader than in
typical C. core. In spite of these obvious differences, I am still of
opinion that Tronga nicevillet is nothing more than the dry-season form
of Crastia core found in the swamps of the Sunderbans. I cannot
believe that an absolutely distinct species of Huplawa is alone to be
found in a very limited area of recently formed alluvial land attached
to the mainland of Bengal. Hxcept for this “species” India proper
and Ceylon is each inhabited by only a single species of Orastia.

We now come to Burma, where godartit, Lucas, of which siamensis,
Felder, is an undoubted synonym, is the dominant form. With it is found
layardi, Druce, of which binghami, Moore, is a pure synonym. In this
form the pale violet apical area to the forewing on the upperside in both
sexes is absent ; but this feature is not constant, and intergrades between
true godartii and true layardi are occasionally found. But in the extreme
north of Burma on the coast at Akyab, at Rangoon, and in Upper
Tenasserim in Central Burma at Hatsiega is found subdita, Moore, which
is the type and only species of Moore’s genus Mahintha. The only
specimens of this form that I have seen are from Akyab and the
Arakan Hills, the latter locality being rather uncertain, as my speci-
mens did not reach me direct from the collector but through a third
person. These examples do not quite agree with Dr. Moore’s figures of
subdita from Akyab, (Lep. Ind., vol. i, pl. xxix), being less broad in the
wing. Asa species I do not consider it to be distinct from layardi, which
again equals godarti, although its wings are a little broader than typical
Specimens of the last-named species. It bears the same relation to
godartw that nicevillet does to core. In Upper Burma (Akyab, the Arracan
Coast, and at Rungamutti in the Chittagong district) 2. core has been
obtained singly.

22 L, de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. — [No. ,

In the Malay Peninsula, distantii, Moore, was described from a
single specimen from Province Wellesley (in Sumatra it is the common
and dominant Crastia), but godartii has been recorded by Mr. Distant from
Singapore, probably erroneously, and Dr. Moore has described Orastia
graminifera from the ‘“‘ Malay Peninsula” apparently from a unique male
example in Mr, Oberthir’s collection. He compares it with verniculata,
Butler, but from the description it would appear to be nothing but a
form of C. distantii, Moore, with rather smaller spots than in the
typical specimens of that species; an obviously variably character in
my large series of that species. Mr. Distant in his ‘ Rhopalocera
Malayana” ignores graminifera altogether.

In Indo-China, which includes Siam, godarti is the commonest
species. Dr. Moore records Orastia amymone, Godart, originally de-
scribed from Amboina, from Cochin China, a species I am quite unable
to recognise from the original description, and Dr. Arnold Pagen-
stecher says in his paper on the butterflies of Amboina that he has not
seen it from thence. Lastly, Dr. Moore describes a Menama mouhotit
from Cambodia, of which I have a typical male from Chentaboon in
Siam, This species has no male brand, and the wings are broader and
more rounded than in typical Crastda. It therefore is an analogous
species to nicevillet and subdita, and in my opinion is nothing but an
aberrant form of layardi (=binghami), which again equals godartii
(=siamensis). If my conjectures are right, it is very remarkable that
the subgenus Crastia should have given rise to three aberrant forms in
three well-defined regions, all differing one from the other and in differ-
ent ways from the parent forms. Crastia appears to be in a highly
plastic state.

From China proper five species have been recorded—kinbergi, Wal-
lengren, of which lorquinii, Felder, and felderi, Butler, are I believe
synonyms ; godartw, Lucas (these two species occur together in Hong-
kong, and are I believe distinct) ; amymone, Godart, the Amboina
Species twice before mentioned; and prunosa, Moore. This latter is
described from the very vague locality “‘ China” apparently from a single -
male in M. Oberthiir’s collection. If it should be found to occur in
Hongkong it will probably prove to be a synonym of kinbergi.

In the Nicobar Isles we have a single species of Crastia, the scher-
zert of Felder, which was I believe originally wrongiy labelled from
Ceylon, and is therefore almost certainly the camorta of Moore.* It is
not a true Crastia, as although it has the Crastia brand on the forewing
in the male, it has as well the secondary sexual characters of Menama
on the hindwing, which are not found in true Orastia.

* Vide de Nicéville, Journ, A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt, 2, p. 178 (1899).

1901.] UL. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 23

In Sumatra, the butterflies of the N.-E. portion of which are well-
known to me in life,* only one species of Crastia is I believe to be found,
the distantiz of Moore ; though amymone, Godart, described from Amboina,
has been recorded from thence; and inconspicua, Moore, and felderi,
Butler, have been both described from Sumatra. C. felderi certainly
occurs in Hongkong and is a synonym of lorquinii, Felder; while
C. inconspicua, the description of which discloses a species apparently
distinct from either distantii or felderi, having an immaculate forewing
on the upperside, may have been wrongly labelled by Dr. A. R. Wallace,
or occurs in a different part of the island to that with which I am
familiar.

From Java two distinct species have been recorded—godartii, Lucas,
which was I believe originally described from Java, but the work in which
it is described is not in the Calcutta libraries, anyhow, it probably does
not really occur in Java; and haworthit, Lucas (=hibneri, Moore, +
- moorei, Felder, + janus, Butler, = elewsina, Hiibner, part, nec Cramer). In
my collection I have but a single Crastia from Java, which I call haworthii,
Lucas. It is extremely variable, in some male specimens the brand is
almost half the length and quite half the breadth that it is in others,
and the maculation also is not exactly the same in any two of my four-
teen specimens. I think that Mr. W. F. Kirby in the new edition of
Hiibner’s Ex. Schmett., pp. 6, 7, has misinterpreted the figures on
pl. 222 (9) of that work. Figures 1 and 2 represent a male Crastia
which will stand as C. haworthii, Lucas, = hiibneri, Moore, = mooret,
Felder, = janus, Butler; while figures 3 and 4 represent the female of
Selinda eleusina, Cramer, the male of which is figured by Cramer in Ex.
Lep., on plate cclxvi, fig. D. Mr. Kirby calls figs. 1 and 2 “ Selinda
janus, Butler,” and figs. 3 and 4 “ Selinda eleusina, Stoll [Cramer]. In
Java only one species of Crastia appears to be found.

From the Philippines two species of Crastia have been recorded,
snellent, Moore, and godarti, Lucas, the latter almost certainly incorrectly.

TREPSICHROIS, Hiibner.

Himalayas, A

Oudh,

Central Provinces, | claudius, Fabriciust (linnxi, Moore, van-deven-
Assam, teri, Forbes).

Burma,

Malay Peninsula, J)

* Vide de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, pp. 857-555 (1895).
+ Vide Aurivillius, Ent. Tids., vol. xviii, p. 141, n. 7 (1897).

24 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No.1],
Indo-China, >

China,

Formosa,
Nicobar Isles, claudius, Fabricius* (linnet, Moore, van-deven-
Sumatra, | teri, Forbes). .

Bawean,

Natuna Isles,

New Guinea? J

Ganjam on the E. coast of peninsular India, kalinga, Doherty.
Nias Isle, verhuelli, Moore.

Bali,
Java,
? Malay Peninsula,
Billiton,

Banka,

Borneo,

Engano Isle, malakoni, Doherty.

Mentawij Isles, maassi, Hagen.

Philippine Isles, semperi, Felder (tisiphone, Butler).

basilissa, Cramer.

mulciber, Cramer.

a3 » diocletia, Hiibner (dufresne, Godart, megilla,
i 5, kocht, Moore. [ Hrichson ).

- 5 visaya, Semper.

és » mindanaensis, Semper.

i », seraphita, Fruhstorfer.

a » linnei, var. paupera, Staudinger.

The subgenns T'repsichrois bears out my theory very well, no two
species occurring in the same spot. The development of the subgenus
is very remarkable in the different islands of the Philippine Archipelago,
where the most aberrant and distinct species are found.

Evuria@a, Fabricius,

Ceylon, corus, Fabricius (elisa, Butler).

Assam ? vitrina, Fruhstorfer ?

Burma, vitrina, Fruhstorfer.

Malay Peninsula, castelnaut, Felder (phebus, Butler).
Indo-China, drucei, Moore.

Nicobar Isles, castelnaut, Felder.

Sumatra, castelnaui, Felder.

Nias Isles, pheretena, Kheil.

Engano, micronesia, Doherty.

* Vide Aurivillius, Ent. Tids., vol, xviii, p. 141, n. 7 (1897).

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 25

Java, pavettw, Zinken-Sommer.

5 gyllenhali, Lucas.

,, castelnaut, Felder.
Banka, castelnaut, Felder.
Borneo, butleri,; Moore.

» godmani, Moore.

Bawean, castelnaui, Felder.

Philippines (Palawan), salvini, Staudinger.

Celebes, celebica, Fruhstorfer,

Talaut Isles, locupletior, Fruhstorfer.

Engano Isle, micronesia, Doherty.

The subgenus Huplea bears out my theory very well. It is true
that three species have been recorded from Java and two from Borneo
but it is almost certain that only one species occurs in each eta.
Mr. Fruhstorfer in Stet. Ent. Zeit., vol. lx, p. 353 (1899), gives only
pavettse from Java and butlert from Hee which is almost certainly a
correct statement of the facts.

CaALLIPL@a, Butler.

Lower Burma, lederert, Felder (inquinata, Butler).
Malay Peninsula, ledereri, Felder.
Indo-China, musa, Swinhoe.
Sumatra, ? ledereri, Felder.

P eunus, de Nicéville.
Java, mazares, Moore.
Bali, mazares, Moore.
Natuna Isles, mazares, Moore.
Borneo, avistotelis, Moore,
Lombok, sambavana, Doherty.
Sumba, swmbana, Doherty.
Batjan, ledereri, Felder.
Flores, mazares, Moore.
Philippines, pollita, Erichson.
monilis, Moore.

7 (Palawan), palawana, Fruhstorfer.

Hainan Island, China, hainana, Holiand.

North China, marzesis, Moore.

The subgenus Culliplea supports my theory very well , althongh
the two first-named species occurring in the Philippine Ar See) are
sometimes found on the same islands. It is very doubtful if two; Species
are found in Sumatra, the recorded Jledereri being probably my later-
described. eunus.

J: i. 4

39

26 L. de Nicéville— Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [ No. ],

Danisepa, Moore.

Kastern Himalayas, mt
Assam,

Burma,

Malay Peninsula,
Indo-China,

‘ diocletianus, Fabricius (radamanthus,
Fabricius, ramsayt, Moore).

Sumatra,

Billiton,

Banka,

Natuna Isles, J

Nias Island, schretbert, Butler (maassenz, Weymer, niasana, Swinhoe,
Java, alcidice, Godart (thoosa, Hiibner). (niasica, Snellen).

Borneo, lowei, Butler.

Dr. Moore in Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 114 (1891) records D. shreiberi
[sic!] from Borneo, but that species is I believe strictly confined to
Nias. Mynheer P. C. T. Snellen has written an interesting note on the
subgenus Danisepa in Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xlii, pp..101-105 (1899), but
omits all reference to D. schretbert, Butler, which is an older name than
D. niasica, Snellen. I am unable, as Dr. Moore did in 1883, to draw
any line between diocletianus and radamanthus. In 1890 he united these
two species, but gave the latter name (rhadamanthus, sic!) precedence,
while diocletianus in the older, and described ramsayi as a new species,
restricting it to the Hastern Himalayas. That species gradually merges
into diocletianus, though typical specimens have the white markings
larger ; but this is an inconstant character. Mr. W. F. Kirby points
out in the new edition of Htbner’s Ex. Schmett., p. 5, that in Godart’s
D. alcidice from Java no mention is made in the description of the white
marginal spots on the forewing. This is probably an omission only, as
no species of Danisepa is known from Java or elsewhere in which these
spots are lacking, though they are blue rather than white. Kirby gives
D. thoosa specific rank to the exclusion of the older alcidice. Danisepa
supports my theory very well, as the several species nowhere overlap.

SALPINX, Hiibner.

Lower Burma, )

Malay Peninsula, | leucostictos, Gmelin (dehaanii, Lucas,
Western China, > novare, Felder, vestigiata, Butler, lazulina,
Nicobar Isles, | Moore, lewcogonys, Butler),

Sumatra, J .

1901.) =‘. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Trovga. 27

- Nias Isle, )

Java, | leucostictos, Gmelin (dehaanii, Lucas,
Bali, r novarxz, Felder, vestigiata, Butler, lazulina,
Borneo, | | Moore, leucogonys, Butler).

Talaut Islands, J

Borneo, kadu, Eschscholtz.

Engano Island, phane, Doherty.

Philippine Isles, kadu, Hschscholtz (ewnice, Godart, hewitsonit,

is ‘5 oculata, Moore. [ Butler).
a 3 simillima, Moore.

9 » althza, Semper.

” 9 meldolx, Moore.

Amboina, leucostictos, Gmelin.

-Hainan Island, negleyana, Holland.

toge

N. Formosa Island, hobsoni, Butler,
In the Philippine Isles the various species of Salpina occur
ther on several of the islands, which goes to disprove my theory ;

elsewhere the several species appear to inhabit well-defined separate

area

s, except in Borneo, where leucosticéos and kadu are both found.
‘i
PapremMa, Moore.

Behar, (klugit, Moore (tllustris, Butler, grantiz,

Bengal (Maldah), Butler, dharma, Moore, augusta, Moore,
Sikkim hills, indigofera, Moore, imperialis, Moore, regalis,
Bhutan, Moore, macclellandi, Moore, wniformis,
Assam, Moore, sherwillit, Moore, | hamiltont,
Upper Burma, | Swinhoe).

Bengal (Maldah),

Assam, | klugit, Moore, geographical race erichsonii,
Upper Burma, Felder (crassa, Butler, masonz, Moore, pem-
Lower Burma, bertonit, Moore, apicalis, Moore, burmeistert,
Malay Peninsula, | Moore).

Indo-China, J

Sikkim,

Bengal, ) retugit, Moore, geographical race kollari, Felder
Orissa, j (rothneyi, Moore).

South India,

year

Ceylon, sinhala, Moore.
Hainan Island, minorata, Moore.

I have nothing to add to what I wrote on this subgenus nearly ten.

sago. The two geographical races separated above are not strictly

28 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

geographically separated, as they overlap the typical form at certain
points. The Ceylonese species can be satisfactorily separated from the
continental form ; the species from Hainan I have not seen.

Isamra, Moore.

Nepal, a)

Sikkim, |

Bhutan, rogenhofert, Felder (splendens, Butler, irawada,
Assam, r Moore).

Upper Burma, |

Central Burma, J

Central Burma,
Lower Burma,
Malay Peninsula, _
Indo-China, grotei, Felder (part, male only),

margarita, Butler (adamsoni, Marshall,
brahma, Moore, carpenteri, Moore).

i » margarita, Butler.
ies » marseuli, Moore.
99 99 fabricii, Moore.

; midamus, Linnsus (superba, Herbst, alopia,
Southern China, Godart, sinica, anes ;
Northern China, dameli, Moore.
Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra, |

Nias Island, si
ae) Poles chloé, Guérin (agyptus, Butler, dejeant, Distant,

ed staudingert, Kheil, rafflesi, Moore, singapura,
9 . e .
Banka, | Moore, sophia, Moore, lowe’, Moore).

Billiton,

Borneo. J

Mantawej Isles, sticheli, Hagen.

From the list given above it will be seen that it is only in Indo-
China that more than one species of Isamia is found. I. grotei, male
only, described from “ Cochin” (Cochin China being evidently meant,
not the district of that name in South India) is probably the same as
I. margarita, Butler; I. marseuli is probably the same species; but
I. fabricit belongs to quite another group (2.e., to the chloé group), being
entirely unglossed with blue on the upperside, which is a conspicuous
feature in the other three species. Unfortunately I do not possess a
single specimen of Isamia from any part of Indo-China, so am unable to
speak about them from first-hand knowledge.

1901.] L. de Nicéville—Butiterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 29

Narmapa, Moore.

Ceylon, montana, Felder (lankana, Moore).

South India, coreta, Godart (coreotdes, Moore).

Sumatra, ? consimilis, Felder.

5 martini, de Nicéville.

Java, consimilis, Felder.

I have seen no specimen of N. consimilis from Sumatra. N. mar-
tinii from that island is not a true Narmada, as the male sexual brands
are not typical; nor dves the shape of the wings agree with those of
typical Narmada. I may mention that N. coreta does occur in Orissa,
Ihave many specimens from thence. Dr. Moore notes in Lep. Ind., vol. i,
p. 134, that its identification from thence “Is probably erroneous, and
requires confirmation.” N. consimilis seems to be extremely rare, I
have seen no specimen of it.

SticropL@a, Butler.

Kastern Himalayas, Hf

Assam,

Burma,

Malay Peninsula,

Indo-China,

Sumatra,

Borneo,

Palawan (Philippines), dotata, Fruhstorfer.

Philippines, lztifica, Butler.

ai bazilana, Fruhstorfer.
Sumatra, picina, Butler.

3 inconspicua, Butler.

> mesta, Butler.

Java,

Sambawa,

Formosa, swinhoet, Wallace.

S. tyrianthina is very doubtfully distinct from S. harrist?, Four
species of Stictoplea have been recorded from Sumatra. Out of the
many hundreds of Hupleas which have passed through my hands from
that island, I have seen but one species, which I identify as tyrianthina.
S. mesta is recorded from thence by Dr. Butler in Proc. Zool. Soe.
_Lond., 1866, p. 284, n. 49, p. 281, fig. 3, male, and Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., third series, vol. v, p. 474, n. 51 (1867), and these records were
overlooked by me in my paper on the butterflies of Sumatra in Journ.
A.S.B., vol. Ixiv, pt. 2, pp. 857-555 (1895). Dr. Moore gives it from
New Guinea only. Notes by me on the Indian and Malay Peninsula

harris, Felder (grotei, Felder, part, female

only, hoper, Felder, microsticta, Butler,
binotata, Butler, regina, Moore, pygmea,
] Moore, crowley, Moore).

‘ tyrianthina, Moore.

‘ lacordairei, Moore.

30 L. de Nicévillé—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

species of Stictoplea will be found in Proc. A.S.B., 1892, pp. 158-16],
and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, pp. 247-248.

I now return to the discussion of the various species of the sub-
genus J'ronga, and will take up each of them in the order 1 in which
they were first described.

1. TRONGA CRAMERI, Lucas.

Euplea crameri, Lucas, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1853, p. 318, male; id.,
Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. H.I.C., vol. i, p. 129, n. 256 (1857), male ;
id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 277, n. 27; id., Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1873, p. 388, n. 4; Crastia erameri, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool.,
vol. xiv, p. 297, n. 7 (1878); id., Snellen, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. xvii, p. 118, n. 2
(1895); Ewplca (Crastia) crameri, Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. of India, -vol. i,
p. 78, pl. viii, fig. 15, male (1882); Tronga crameri, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1883, p. 266, n. 1; idem, id., Lep, Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890) ; id., Frahstorfer, Berl.
Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasitat: Manilla (Lucas); Borneo (Moore); Borneo (Butler) ;
Borneo (Druce) ; Natuna Isles (Snellen) ; Borneo (Marshall and de Nicé-
ville) ; North and South Borneo, Mt. Mulu (Fruhstorfer).

This species was originally described from Manilla, in Luzon, the
capital of the Philippines, but according to all authors including Herr
G. Semper in Schmett. Philipp., p. 33 (1886), itis not found there. I
have not had access to the original description, so do not know exactly
what form of it M. Lucas described. The specimen I figured in 1882
may perhaps be typical, it has, on the upperside of the forewing, one
discal spot in the second median interspace, and six submarginal spots,
both the marginal and submarginal series on the hindwing obsolete.
The specimen Dr. Moore has kindly marked for me as typical has eight
submarginal spots on the forewing and a few (six) marginal spots on the
hindwing, one belonging to the inner series. Dr. Butler notes that
“The description by M. Lucas answers to Moore’s species.” It is ex-
tremely variable, even in Borneo, and has been. given, in my opinion,
nine synonymic names.

2, Tronca KInBeERGI, Wallengrén.

Euplea kinbergi, Wallengrén, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv, p. 35, n. 8 (1860) ;
idem, id., Kongl. Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa, Zoologi, Insecta, pt. 4, p. 352, n. 4
(1861); id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 273, n. rae 453; Crastia kinbergi,
id., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, vol. xiv, p. 297, n. 6 (1878); Tronga kinbergi,
Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 269, n. 12; Huplea ie onga) kinbergi, Fruhs-
torfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 300 (1896).

Hasrrar: China, December (Wallengrén) ; China (Butler) ; China
(Moore) ; Tengger mountains, 2,000 feet, Hast Java (Fruhstorfer)..

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterjlies of the subgenus Tronga. 3)

When describing this species, Wallengrén gave “China” as its:
habitat, which is very vague, but as most of the older writers had
access to species from Southern China only, 7. kinbergi probably came
from the Canton district or from the Island of Hongkong, both in
Southern China. He compares it with H. alopia, Godart, which is an
‘Isamia. He does not give the sex of the type specimen. The descrip-
tion agrees very well with some of my specimens of the very variable
Euplea (Orastia) lorquinii, Felder (= LE. feldert, Butler), the commonest
species in Hongkong. Should this species prove to be same as lorquinit,
Wallengrén’s name will stand, being the older. Butler in 1866
recorded it from China, and noted that “ I. felderi may be a local form
of FE. kinberyi, Wallengren,” which is probably a correct assumption.
Moore in 1883 gave it as a Tonga from China, and said that specimens
were in the collection of the British Museum, but in 1890 he made no
mention of it in “ Lep. Ind.” amongst the extra-Indian species of
Tronga. Fruhstorfer recorded it from Java, which is almost certainly
incorrect; as far as I know, no species of Huplwa is common to both
China and Java, and there is no reason to suspect that FH. kinbergi came
from anywhere else than China.*

3. TRONGA BREMERI, Felder.

Euplea bremeri, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv, p. 398, n. 16 (1860) ; id
Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 277, n. 28; idem, id., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
Zool., second series, vol. i, pp. 535, 564, n. 6 (1877); id., Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1873, p. 338, p.5; id., Godman and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 638,
n, 8; id., Distant, Rhop. Malay., pp. 23, 410, n. 2, pl. ii, fig. 4,- male (1882, 1886);
id., Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. India, Burmah and Ceylon, vol. i, p. 78, n. 60
(1882) ; s id., Marshall, Proc. .A. 8. B., 1882,-p. 143, n. 60; ane Adamson, Notes
Danaine Beviial, p. 10 (1889) ; ideih, id., Cat. Butt. Burmah, p. 5, n. 26 (1889) ; id.,
Hagen, Tidjsch. van het Kon. Ned. Aard. Genootsch., 1890, p. ist, n. 2; idem, id.,
Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xxxvii, p. 148, n. 8 (1892); idem, id., Iris, vol. vii, p. 41,
n. 104 (1894); id., Pagenstecher, in Kiikenthal’s Erg. einer zool. Forsch. Molukken
und in Borneo, p. 389, n. 109 (1897) ; Crastia bremeri, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
Zool., vol. xiv, p. 298, n. 9 (1878); Tronga bremeri, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond.,
1883, p. 267, n. 4, pl. xxix, fig. 5, male; idem, id., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool.,
vol. xxi, p. 30 (1886); idem, id., Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 76, pl. xix, figs. 1, la, 1b, male;
Ic, 1d, female (1890) ; EB. (Tronga) bremeri, Adamson, Cat. Butt. Burmah, p. 7, n. 15

* Since the above was written Professor Chr. Aurivillius has sent me a_ beanti-
fnl coloured drawing of the type specimen of Euplea kinbergi, Wallengrén, this
drawing I hope to reproduce in a later paper. It represents a female example of
probably the commonest form of Huplea found in Hongkong and on the opposite
mainland of Southern China. The Huplea lorquinii of Felder and £. fous of Butler
are synonyms of E, kinbergi. It is a Crastia, not a Tronga,

~

a2 L. de Nicéville--Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No.1],

(1897); id., de Nicéville and Martin, Journ. A.S.B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 370, n. 19 (1895) ;
Tronga crameri bremeri, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasitat: Malay Peninsula (Felder); Malayan Peninsula; India;
Assam and Nepal (sic!) ; Malacca ; Province Wellesley; Penang; Singa-
pore ; Borneo ; Sumatra (Butler) ; Borneo ; Peninsula Malayica ( Druce) ;
Billiton; Borneo; Malacca (Godman and Salvin); Assam; Burma;
Province Wellesley; Malacca; Tenasserin (Distant); Mergui Archi-
pelago; Penang; Malacca; Singapore; Borneo; Sumatra ( Marshall and
de Nicéville) ; Akyab, July (Marshall); Moulmain, June ; Moumagan in
Tavoy, September (Adamson); Deli on the east coast of Sumatra ;
Banka Island; Further India; Malacca (Hagen) ; Samarinda in Borneo .
(Pagenstecher) ; Malacca ; Sumatra; India (Butler) ; Province Wellesley ;
Tavoy; Mergui, December to March, very common; Akyab, July;
Thoungyeen forests in Upper Tenasserim; Mergui Archipelago, Decem-
ber to Mareh; Malay Peninsula (Moore); Tavoy coast, September,
common; Moulmain, one pair, June (Adamson); N.-E. Sumatra, plains
to 1,500 feet (de Nicéville and Martin); Malacca; Sumatra; Natuna
Isles (Fruhstorfer).

I consider this species to be a synonym of 7’. crameri, Lucas. It is
extremely variable; Dr. Moore has devoted an entire plate to it in his
Lep. Ind., which shews a few of these variations. ven its male
secondary sexual characters are inconstant, as in Sumatra I have
recorded that a few specimens have on the upperside of the forewing a
short, sometimes quite a long and distinct, brand in the submedian
interspace. These examples do not fit into Dr. Moore’s definition of his
genus Tronga, which is described and usually does not possess a sexual-
mark or scent-producing organ. But these aberrant examples are
certainly not distinct as species from the more common typical specimens
of T. bremeri. This brand is sometimes present and sometimes absent
in other species of Huplea, as will be noticed hereafter. 1. bremert has
been recorded from Assam and Nepal by Dr. Butler, but is not found
further north than Akyab in Upper Burma.

4, 'TRONGA FRAUENFELDII, Felder.
Euplea frauenfeldii, Felder, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 479,
n. 87 (1862); idem, id., Reise Nov., Lep., vol. ii, p. 342, n. 474, pl. xli, fig. 4, male
(1865) ; id., Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. Ind. Burmah and Ceylon, vol. i, p. 83,
n. 66 (1882); id., de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt, 2, p. 178 (1899) ;
E. frauenfeldi, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 458; idem, id., Journ, Linn.
Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. xiv, p. 300, n. 19 (1878).

\
Hapitat: Ceylon (Felder); Ceylon (Marshall and de Nicéville) ;
Nicobar Isles (de Nicéville) ; Ceylon (Butler) ; Trincomalee (Butler).

1901]. } L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 33

Felder in 1862 described this species from Ceylon from a male col-
lected by the officers of the ‘ Novara” frigate which called at various
ports. I believe that the specimen was incorrectly labelled, and really
came from the Nicobars, where the ‘‘ Novara” called, as no Huplea
answering to the description has since been found in Ceylon. Felder
in 1865 redescribed both sexes of the species, retaining Ceylon as its
habitat, but uniting to it his H. esperi, described from a female example
from Kar Nicobar, though in his second description of H. frauenfeldii
he omitted the Nicobars from the habitat of the species. In his 1866
monograph Dr. Butler noted quite correctly that the species is a local
form of Ff. cramert, Lucas, and that it is very near to H. bremerz, Felder,
as Felder said when describing it. In 1878 Dr. Butler recorded a male
from Trincomalee in Ceylon. Dr. Moore described this specimen in
his Lep. of Ceylon (where he gave LH. esperi as a synonym), and again
in his Lep. Indica, and figured it in the latter work. It is not 7. frauen-
feldii, having been wrongly identified, but is Crastia kinbergi, Wallen-
gren, = FH. lorquinii, Felder, and FE. felderi, Butler. I am convinced
that it never came from Ceylon, but was probably caught at Hongkong,
where it is very common, by an officer of some man-of-war which sub-
sequently visited the naval station of Trincomalee, and the specimen
reached the British Museum from thence. JH. espert is undoubtedly a
synonym of H. frauenfeldiz, as also is Tronga biseriata, Moore.

T. frauenfelditi may be retained as a species or good local race of
T. crameri, Lucas, as all the white spots on the forewing are very small
and nearly uniform in size, while in H. crameri the spots of the submar-
ginal series in the forewing are irregular in size, several of those towards
the apex of the wing being much larger than the others, It is found
in the Nicobar isles only, occurring, on most of the islands. It has a
sexual brand in the male in the forewing in the submedian interspace
in some specimens, which is variable in size and promineuce, and wholly
absent in others. Those bearing this brand are considered by Dr.
Moore to represent a distinct species, which he has called 7. biseriata.
As noted by me in several places in this paper, this brand is very in-
constant in many groups of Hupleas, and cannot be relied on to separate
genera or subgenera by.

5. TRONGA ESPERI, Felder.

y Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 482, n. 109

Euplea esperi, Fel
(1862); id., Butler, Pr¢:. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 453*; id., Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc.

* Omitted altogether by Dr. Butler in his 1878 revision of the butterflies of the
genus Huplea in the collection of the British Museum,

ei 6

34 Li. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

Lond., 1877, pp. 582, 623 ; id., Wood-Mason and de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. 1,
pt. 2, p. 227, n. 8 (1881); vol. li, pt. 2, p. 15, n. 7 (1882) ; id., Marshall and de Nicéville,
Butt. India, Burmah and Ceylon, vol. i, p. 83, n. 65 (1882); id., de Nicéville, Journ.
A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt. 2, p. 178 (1899); Crastia esperi, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1883, p. 278, n.6; idem, id., Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 88, pl. xxvii, figs. 2, 2a, male; 2b,
female (1890).

Hasitat: Kar Nicobar (Felder); Nicobar Islands (Butler); Kar
Nicobar, Nicobars (Moore); Pulo Kondul, Kamorta, Trinkut, Katschall
(Wood-Mason and de Nicéville) ; Nicobars (Marshall and de Nicéville) ;
Nicobar Isles (de Nicéville); Kar Nicobar, Kamorta (Moore).

This species is, in my opinion, a synonym of F. frauenfeldii, Felder,
to which Felder himself united it, as also did Dr. Moore in 1880.
Felder compared it with the Philippine [sic] Z. cramert, Lucas. For
further notes regarding it see the last species.

6, TRoNGA JOHANNA, Kirby.

Euplea johanna, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 17, n. 181 (1871); id., Kheil,
Rhop. Nias, p. 17 (1884); id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189
(1898). |

Hapitat: Borneo (Kirby).

Mr. W. F. Kirby renamed the Huplea crameri, Moore, described
in Horstield and Moore’s Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C., vol. i, p. 129, n. 256
(1857), from Borneo, as he considered it to represent a species distinct
from the earlier H. crameri of Lucas, from Manilla in the Philippines,
this locality, as previously noted, being in all probability incorrect.
As, however, Dr. Moore says that his EL. crameri is the same species as
that of Lucas, Kirby’s H. johanna falls to it as a synonym.

7. TRONGA BISERIATA, Moore.

T. biseriata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 266, n. 2; idem, id., Lep.
Ind., vol. i, p. 78, pl. xxi, figs. 1, la, 16, male; le, 1d, female (1890); id
de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt. 2, p. 178 (1899) ; Tronga crameri biseriata,
Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898),

Hasitat: Trinkut, Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar, Nancoury,
Pulo Kondul—all in the Nicobar Isles (Moore) ; Nicobars (de Nicéville);
Nicobars (F'ruhstorfer),

I have said all that is necessary about this species under T. fried:
feldu, Felder, of which it is a synonym.

8. TRONGA MARSDENI, Moore.

T. marsdeni, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 266, n. 3; idem, id., Lep.
Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890); Euplea marsdeni, Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 411, n. 18,

~

1901.] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgentis Tronga. 35

pl. xxxix, fig. 1, male (1886); Tronga crameri marsdeni, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasrrat: Singapore (Moore); Singapore (Distant); Singapore
(Fruhstorfer).

Mr. Distant allows this species full specific rank, and says he has
received two specimens from Singapore, which both differ from the type
specimen described by Dr. Moore from the same island, which shews
that this ‘‘ species” is as variable as most of the other species in the
subgenus. In my opinion it is a synonym of 1. crameri, Lucas, which
species (as H. bremeri, Felder), has been recorded by several authors
from numerous localities in the Malayan Peninsula. It is highly
improbably that Singapore island, which has hardly a scrap of virgin
forest remaining, has a distinct species of Tronga to itself. Dr. Moore
says that it is “‘ An intermediate form between T. bremeri, Felder, and
T. crameri, Lucas.”

9. TronGa oLivacea, Moore.

T. olivacea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 267, n. 5; id., Fruhstorfer,
Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898).

Hasirar: Minthantoung, Thoungyeen valley, Tenasserim (Moore).

This species was described from a single very small female
specimei, Dr. Moore in Lep. Ind., p. 76, admits that it is a ‘‘ small
var.” of 17’. bremeri, Felder, which itself is a synonym of 7’. cramer,
Lucas.

10. Tronca niasica, Moore.

T.-niasica, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 267, n. 7; idem, id., Lep.
Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890); Euplawa niasica, Kheil, Rhop. Nias, p. 17, n. 18, pl. i,
fig. 2, female (1884); Tronga pryeri niasica, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch, vol. xliii,
p. 189 (1898).

Hasirat: Nias Island, W. coast of Sumatra (Moore) ; Nias (Kheil) ;
Nias (Fruhstorfer).

_ T have eight males, but no females, of this species. The markings
are more constant than usual, though they vary considerably in detail,
for instance, the submarginal dots on the hindwing may form a com-
plete series or may be reduced to a solitary spot, and there are
intergrades between these two extremes; the spots on the forewing
vary also in size and number. The species may, perhaps, be kept
distinct, as the spots in the forewing are more uniform in size than in
the other species of the subgenus known to me, except J’. frauenfeldii,
Felder, in which they are constantly smaller.

36 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,°

ll. TRONGA BROOKEI, Moore.

T. brookei, Moore, Proc. Zool]. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 268, n. 8; idem, id., Lep. Ind.,
vol. i, p. 79 (1890) ; id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Dr. Moore has kindly identified a male specimen of this species
for me from Sarawak, Borneo, Sha marked it “Same as type,’ though
it does not agree with the type, as in the forewing it has no marginal
series of spots, in the type they are said to be present but “ very
minute.’ Mr. Fruhstorfer says that Tronga brooket is identical with
Menama lorze, Moore. This is entirely incorrect, the genus Menama
has a sexual patch of androconia on the upperside of the hindwing not
found in Tronga, brookei is a Tronga, and lorze is a Menama. I consider
T’. brooket to be a synonym of 7, crameri, Lucas. Dr. Moore says it is
“Comparatively smaller and narrower winged than 1. crameri; of a
paler brown colour, and with a violet-blue tint.”

12. Tronga taBuana, Moore.

T. labwana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 268, n. 9; idem, id., Lep.
Ind., vol. i, p. 80 (1890); id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Eut. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189
(1898).

Hasirat: Labuan, Borneo (Moore).

Dr. Moore has identified a male specimen of this species for me
from Sarawak, Borneo. Though marked “Same as type” it does not
agree exactly with the description of the type; and it would be extra-
ordinary perhaps if it did, as in these Borneo T'rongas I cannot find two
marked exactly alike. Mr. Fruhstorfer says that this species is a
synonym of T. crameri, Lucas, wherein I agree with him.

13. TRONGA DAATENSIS, Moore.

T. daatensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 268, n. 10; idem, id., Lep.
Ind., vol. i, p. 80 (1890); id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p, 189
(1898).

Hasrratr: Island of Daat, Labuan, Borneo (Moore).

Dr. Moore, not having access to the type of this species, was
unable to match it with any of the Bornean Trongas I senttohim. As,
however, from the description it only appears to differ from other
Borneo Tyongas in some slight details of maculation I concur with
Mr. Fruhstorfer in considering it to be a synonym of J’. crameri, Lucas.

14, TRONGA PRYERI, Moore.

T. pryerit, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 269, n. 11; idem, id., Lep.
Ind., vol. i, p. 80 (1890) ; id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitach., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898) ;

1901.] . L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 37

Euplea bremeri, var. pryeri, Distant and Pryer, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth
series, vol. xix, p. 47, n. 12 (1887).

Hasrrat: Sandakan, Borneo (Moore); North Borneo (Fruhstorfer) ;
Sandakan, Borneo (Distant and Pryer), .

Dr. Moore has sent me a sketch of the type male of this species,
none of the specimens I sent to him being identical. Its chief
peculiarity appears to be the presence of a complete double series of
rather large spots on the hindwing. Mr. Fruhstorfer takes T. pryeri as
the type of his second division of the genus Tronga, based on this
character, and gives heylertsit, Moore, niasica, Moore, mentawica, Hagen,
and nicevillei, Moore, as subspecies of pryeri, though why he gives
pryert precedence over niasica, the latter being the older species, and
brooke: over lorze for the same reasen, is best known to himself.
Though I sent no typical specimens of 1’. pryert from Borneo to Dr.
Moore, I possess several of both sexes that agree with his description
and sketch of that species, and it is in my opinion another synonym of
T. crameri, Lucas.

15. Tronega HEYLzARTSII, Moore.

T. heylxrtsit, Moore, Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890); E. (Tronga) heylertsii,
de Nicéville and Martin, Journ. A.S.B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 871, n. 21 (1896); T. pryer:
heylaertsi, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898).

Hasitat: Sumatra (Moore); Sumatra (de Nicéville and Martin) ;
Sumatra; Malacca (Hruhstorfer).

From the description alone I can identify this species without diffi-
culty, as itis the commonest form of T'ronga occurring in Sumatra. It
is another synonym of ‘’. crameri, Lucas.

16. TRONGA PAGENSTECHERI, Hagen.

Euplea pagenstecher, Hagen, Jahr. des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p, 182,
n. 18, pl. iv, fig. 8, male (1896) ; Tronga crameri pagenstecheri, Fruhstorfer, Berl.
Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasitat: Bawean Island (Hagen); Bawean (Fruhstorfer).

I have not seen this species. Dr. Hagen says that it comes into
Moore’s subgenus Menama, near M. lorze, Moore, [nec Boisduval], while
Fruhstorfer puts it in the subgenus Tronga.

17. Tronea MENTAWiCA, Hagen.

Euplea (Tronga) mentawica, Hagen, Ent. Nach., vol. xxiv, p. 199 (1898) ; Tronga
pryert mentawica, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898).

Hasirat: Mentawej Islands (Hagen) ; Mentawej (f'ruhstorfer).
I have not seen this species.

38 L. de N icéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

18. Tronca morrist, Hagen.

Euplea (Tronga) morrisi, Hagen, Ent. Nach., vol. xxiv, p. 199 (1898); Tronga
morrist, Fruhstorfer, Berl, Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).:

Hasirat: Mentawej Islands (Hagen) ; Mentawej (Fruhstorfer).

This species also I have not seen. It is highly improbable I think
that two distinct species of T'ronga inhabit one tiny group of islets
lying to the south of the central portion of Sumatra. Should one
prove to be a Tronga and the other a Menama the occurrence of two
closely-allied but subgenerically distinct species would be accounted for.

19. TRONGA TENGGERENSIS, Fruhstorfer.

T. crameri tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, pp. 187, 188

(1898),
Hasirat: Tengger mountains, 2,000 feet, East Java (Fruhstorfer).
I have seen no specimen of this species. See remarks on p. 14.

20. TRONGA BISERIATA, Fruhstorfer.

T. crameri, ab, biseriata, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol, xliii, pp. 187, 188
(1898).

Hasirat: Hast Java (Fruhstorfer).

Mr, Fruhstorfer describes this as an ‘‘aberration” of JT. cramert,
Lucas, which latter he records from ‘‘ North and South Borneo, Mt.
Mulu,” only, and not from Java at all. Probably he intends it to be
understood that it is an aberration of his ltenggerensis rather than of
cramert. There is already a 'ronga biseriata (see n, 7, p. 34) of
Moore, so as a distinct species it cannot stand in any case. I have not
seen it.

The two following species have been described in the genus
Tronga :—

1. Tronga moore, Butler, vide Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883,
p- 267, n. 6, is a Menama.

2. Tronga nicevillet, Moore, Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 77, pl. xx (1890),
is an aberrant Crastia in my opinion.

Also Menama mouhotii, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond , 1883, p. 265,
n, 7, pl. xxxi, fig. 6, male, is in my opinion another aberrant Crastia.

ee —_—~

a =

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 39

IV —Novicie Indice XVIII. Vhe Asiatic species of Dalbergia.—
| By D. Pratn.
[Received 22nd April, 1901 ; Read June, 1901. |

The writer, at such intervals during the past four years as have
offered themselves in the routine of administrative duties, has given
attention to the species of the genus Dalbergia that occur in S.-E. Asia.
In the course of this study he has received much assistance from many
friends and has been in hopes of incorporating the results of his
investigation in a monograph of at least the Asiatic Species of this
genus, so interesting from an economic and so difficult from a taxonomic
point of view. Circumstances for the moment forbid ‘the accomplish-
ment of this design. But while it is, at this time, impossible to
provide a monograph of the genus which shall be, at least formally,
complete, it is a pleasant duty to place at the disposal of members of
this Society and of those who have so kindly assisted the writer,
a compact review of the notes he has been able to make on collections
that have been lent him for study in Calcutta or that he has been able
to examine in Herbaria that he has visited. These notes, as
embodied in this paper, take the form of a hand-list of the Asiatic
species of the genus, with a fairly complete bibliography and a full
citation of distribution so far as the specimens in the Collections
examined by the writer are concerned. Except in the case of very
well-known and obvious species the numbers of sheets, where numbers
are given, have been quoted. In spite therefore of its formal incom-
pleteness the list now prepared will probably be found useful, not only
by those who may consult the collections on which the list is based,
but by those who may be at work in Herbaria that have not yet been
accessible to the writer. A list hke the present serves, moreover,
another purpose ; it fulfils the desirable object of, in the words of a
Russian proverb, “feeding the wolves and saving the sheep.”

The Herbaria examined by the writer on the spot have been those
of 1. Calcutta; 2. Kew; 3. British Museum; 4, The type Herbarium
of Wallich; 5. the Herbarium of Linneus; 6. M. Drake del Castillo,
Paris; 7. Peradeniya, Ceylon. The collections which have been
entrusted to him for examination at Calcutta are those of 8. Herb.
Saharanpur, lent by Mr. Duthie; 9. Herb. DeCandolle, Geneva, lent
by Mr. DeCandolle, and 10. Herb. Boissier, Geneva, lent by Mr.
Barbey ; 11. Herb. Beccari, Florence, lent by Sig. Beccari ; 12. Herb.
Paris, lent by M. Bureau; 13. Herb. Leiden, lent by the late Prof.
Suringar ; 14. Herb. Berlin, lent by Prof. Engler; 15. Herb. Buitenzorg,

40 D. Prain—The Asiatic species cf Dalbergia. [No. 1,

lent by Dr. Treub; 16. Herb. Hong-Kong, lent by Mr. Ford. To
all these friends and also to Mr. Bailey who -kindly sent Specimens
of the only Dalbergia in the Brisbane Herbarium the writer wishes to
express his grateful thanks.

It may be explained that the classification adopted in this list
should be considered more or less tentative. The chief point, at this
stage, is to arrive if possible at something approaching a definite
, idea of the various species. This, as will be seen from the
quoted synonymy, has long been a desideratum; previous treatises
have left many doubts both as to the limits of species and as to the
incidence of names. That the present sketch is not without flaws in
this respect goes without saying. The opportunities, however, which
have been afforded the writer of examining the actual types of most of
the doubtful forms have enabled him to settle definitely many if not all
the old doubts; any new ones that may arise must be laid to his
charge. The leading features of the present system of classification
are (1) the reinstatement of Mr. Bentham’s very natural subgenus
Triptolemea, and (2) the limitation of the subgenus Selenololium to
those species that have thick corky pods. There is an obvious convenience
in keeping alongside of each other three species so clearly and
naturally allied as are D. reniformis, D. Kunstlert and D. falcata though,
from the fact that the stamens of the first are iso-diadelphous while
those of the second and apparently also the third are monadelphous,
we have within this section a cleavage on another plane, corresponding
exactly to the cleavage between Dalbergaria and Sissoa. The other
species that have been occasionally placed in Selenolobium owing to
their having hard woody pods, not obviously winged, but that
do not have the ventral suture markedly widened in consequence of
a corky thickening of the endocarp, are all species that occur on
sea-shores or in tidal estuaries and are with hardly an exception
confined to such localities. This raises a strong suspicion that the
character is a cousequence of environment; it is at all events a
character that adapts the pods for dispersal by floating. If this suspicion
should prove correct the value of the character as a taxonomic one
is greatly minimised. Such species have therefore been relegated to
those sections in which their characters of corolla and stamens would
naturally lead us to place them. Within the subgenus Sissoa a new
section, that of the Unguiculate, has been tentatively recognised ; it
promises to be a useful and appears to be a natural division.

I. Sr1ssoa Benth.

1. Sissosx vere.

1. Daupereta Sissoo Roxb. Hort. Beng. 538 (1814); DC. Prodr.

ae

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 41

ii. 416 (1825); Rowb.. Flor, Ind. iii, 223 (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 5850 (1832) ;
W. &§& A. Prodr. i, 264 (1834); Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1839); Voigt,
Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845) ; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl.
40 (1860); Dalz. § Gibs. Bombay Flora, Suppl. 24 (1861); Bedd. Flor.
Sylvat. t. 25 (1869); Stewart, Panjab Plants 65 (1869); Brandis, For,
Flor. 149 (1874); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. iu, 281 (1876); Talbot,
Bombay List 74 (1894) ; Gamble, Darjeeling List 28 (1896). |

Witp in gravelly river beds along the foot of the Himalaya from
Upper Assam. (Simons! Mann!) the Duars (Prain!) the Terai of
Sikkim (Gamble! Clarke! etc.), and Nepal (Wallich !) to Dehra Dun
(King !): ascending to 1000 feet in the Hastern Himalaya (Hooker /)
and to 3000-4000 feet in the North-West Himalaya (Gamble! Clarke /
Schlich!) and on the North-West frontier and Beluchistan (Stocks !
Lace !). Wild also in Merwara (Moir! Brandis !). Specimens from the
Sitapahar Forest Reserve, Chittagong, (Hllis!) are probably from
planted trees, CuLtivaTep everywhere in the plains of Northern, Central,
Western and Southern India; occasionally as if wild in Coorg (Ho-
henacker n. 785!) and the Nilgiris (Wight /).

2. DatperGia LATIFOLIA Roxb. Coromand. PI. ii. 7, t. 113 (1798) ;
Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); DC, Prodr. ii. 416 (1825); Flor. Ind. ni, 221
(18382); Wall. Cat. 5852. (1832); W. § A. Prodr, i. 264 (1834) ; Grah.
Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1839); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 240 (1845) ;
Wight, Ic. t. 1156 (1852); Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 38 (1860) ;
Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 77 (1861); Bedd. Flor. Syvlat. t. 24 (ezel.
main fig.) (1869); Brandis For, Flor. 148 (1874) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 231 (1876); Talbot, Bombay List 74 (1894); Gamble, Dar-
jeeling List 29 (1896).

Rasputana: Merwara, Brandis! Aboo, King! Nepat: Maries!
Sikkim: Hooker! Gamble! Cuota Naceur: fParasnath, Anderson !
Hooker ! Tundi Hills, Campbell! Hundrugagh, Prain! Palamau, Gamble !
N. Inpia: Jacquemont 731! 1886! Brenan: Hooker! Bunpstounn: .Hdge-
worth. S. Inpia: Madras; Heyne! Nilgiris, Leschenault 246! Wight
930! Gamble! Ayamalais, near Coimbatore, Wight! Mercara, Metz
(Hohenacher 622)! W. Inp1a: Kala Nadi, Ritchie! Concan; Stocks !
Law! Currivaten at Singapore, Ridley 8444! ,

3. DaLBeRGIA EMARGINATA Road. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor. Ind.

iii, 224 (1832); Vorgt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845). D. sissoides

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5876 (1852); W. § A. Prodr. i, 265 (1834); Benth.

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 39 (1860) ; Bedd, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216

(1865). D. javanica Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 132 (1855); Benth. Journ.

Ininn. Soc. iv. Suppl. iv. 38 (1860). D. latifolia Kurz, For. Flor. Brit.

Burm. i, 342 (1877); Koord. § Valet. Bijdr. 11, 77 (1895) nee Toxb.
J. tke © Srna ede

42 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. I,

D. latifolia var. sissoides Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. sub. t. 24 (1869); Bak.
i Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 231 (1876). |

ANDAMANS: probably north Island, Kyd (Ic. Roxb.) ! Java; Horsfield!
Koorders! Heijer! 8. Inpia: Nilgiris, Wight 931! Segur, Clarke 11305!
-Puilneys, near Kodaikanal, Bourne! Courtallam, Wight !

4, DALBERGIA SACERDOTUM Prain. A tree, the young twigs soft,
blackish, faintly puberulous. Leaves 20 cm. long, leaflets 9-11, ovate, base
cuneate apex obtuse notched, membranous, finely reticulated, sparsely
adpressed-puberulous on both surfaces, 6 ecm. long, 3 cm. wide; rachis
15 cm. long and petiolules 4mm. long finely puberulous. Flowers in
terminal thyrsc:d panicles 8 cm. long 6 cm. wide, the peduncle, branches
and slender pedicels rusty-puberulous; bracteoles lanceolate obtuse,
membranous, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, teeth obtuse, the lowest
as long as tube the others shorter. Petals short-clawed, standard
orbicular hardly thickened at base. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary
shortly stipitate, glabrous except the stipe; ovules 4. Pod thinly coria-
ceous, narrow-ligulate, tapering to the stipitate base, apex acute,
glabrous, 3-seeded, 9 cm. long, 1 em. wide.

Curna: Shanghai, Rev. pp. Hélot & d’Argy 75!

The reverend gentlemen who collected the material on which this very distinct
species is based, give its Chinese name as Te-Zii, i.e, “ Aloes-Wood.” Its nearest
ally is D. Sissoo as regards pod and D. emarginata as regards foliage but it is very
different from both.

5, DALBERGIA OBTUSIFOLIA Prain, D. ovata var. obtusifolia Bak.
in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 231 (1876). D. glanea Kurz, For. Flor.
Brit. Burm. 1. 343 (1877), nec Wail.

Burma: Pegu, Kurz 1784! 2607 in part! Pakchoung, Brandis 228!
Shan Hills; Madoe and elsewhere, King’s Collectors ! Lower Chindwin,
Collectors of Forest Dept.! Hukung Valley, Grifith 1809! Curva: Yunnan,
near Momien, J. Anderson !

Griffith notes this as a ‘‘ medium tree.’’

6. DALBERGIA TONKINENSIS Prain. A small or medium-sized tree.
Leaves 20-22 cm. long, leaflets 9-11, ovate, base rounded, apex shortly
abruptly acuminate, firmly subcoriaceous, very sparingly puberulous
when young, soon glabrous, 6-9 cm. long, 3-4 em. wide; rachis 13-15
em. long, and petiolules 4mm. long glabrous; stipnles small, tawny- —
puberulous, deciduous, lowers “ white, fragrant,” in small, corymbose,
axillary panicles 5 cm. long, 3°5 cm. wide. Pods firmly coriaceous,
ovate or oblong, subacute, distinctly stipitate, 5 em. long when 1-seeded,
8 cm. long when 2-seeded, 2 cm. wide, distinctly reticulated opposite
the seed. Seed reniform, compressed, 1 cm. Jong, 5 mm. wide.
Dalbergia sp. Drake del Castillo, Journ, de Bot. v. 215 (1891).

1901.] == _-D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 43

Cocnin-Cuina: Tonkin, Hanoi; Balansa 2184! Curva: Hainan,
B. 0. Henry 46!

_ The absence of flowers, which are simply noted by the Rev. Henry as white and
fragrant, renders it impossible to locate this species definitely. It appears, however,
as if Mr. Drake del Castillo’s suggestion as to its affinity might be correct and that
it is a Sissoa, near D. ovata and D, obtusifolia,

7. Daupercia ovata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5854 (1832); Benth. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 40 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. ii. 231 (1876); Kurz, For, Flor. Brit. Burma i. 343 (1877).
D. glauca Wall. Cat. 5862 (1832).

Burma: Martaban, Wallich 5854! Moulmein, Wallich 5862!
Fulconer 566! Parish 840! Beddome! Rangoon, Cleghorn! Yainway,
Brandis 1185! Thoungyne, 3000 ft., Lobb! Pegu, Kurz 1785! 2607 in
part! 2610! 2595! Cocuin-Cuina: route between Saigon and Bienhioa,
Lefévre 320 !

Beddome notes this as a ‘‘ large tree.”

8. DALBERGIA FoLIACEA Wall. Cat. 5856 partly (1832); Benth.
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. ii. 232 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 3847 (1877).

Burma: Martaban, Wallich ! Palang Creek, Wallich! Pegu, Kurz
2602! Rangoon, Cleghorn 25! Shan Hills, Prazer 210! 233! Abdul Hug !
Tenasserim, Helfer 1806! Stam: borders of the Great Lake, Godefroy
686 !

Wallich’s n. 5865 is much mixed. Letter A. is a mélange of D, foliacea,
D, stipulacea, D. candenatensis and D. volubilis; B. is a mixture, probably by
mistake, of D. rimosa._and D. volubilis ; C. is D. foliacea; D.is D. foliacea; FE. is
D. stipulacea. The mixture of D. rimosa with D. foliacea, which in most collections
has taken place under B, has in Herb. De Candolle been made by Wallich under D.
That it is in all probability a mistake in distributing may be admitted; D. rimosa
does not occur in Southern Burma where D. foliacea grows. The other mistakes are
mistakes of identification on Dr. Wallich’s part.

9. DAaLBERGIA YUNNANENSIS Franch. Pl. Delavay. 187 (1890).

Cuina: Yunnan, near Tapintze, Delavay 654! 510! 2050! Yen-tze-
hay, Delavay 3333! Mengtze, Henry 10205 !
~ 40. Datperora vELUTINA Benth. var. typica Prain, Journ. As. Soc.
Beng, Ixvi. 2.117 (1897). D. velutina Benth. Pl. Jungh. i. 255 (1854) ;
Journ. Iinn. Soc. iv, Suppl. 43 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
il. 233 (1876); Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 348 (1877). D. stipulata
Wall. Cat. 5868. (1832). Cassia timorensis H. f. § T. Herb. Ind. Or.,
partly: —~- | 7
Assam: Silhet, de Silva! Hooker & Thomson! Burma: Moulmein,

4d D.’ Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

Wallich ! Amherst, Brandis! Rangoon, Kurz! Pegu, Ku ure! a
Helfer 1804! Mataya: Malacca, Maingay 548 ! ?
. vaR. Maingayi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1xvi. 2. 117 (1897).

Burma: Mergui, Griffith 1798! Tenasserim, Helfer 1804! Mauaya:
Malacca, Maingay 612! spices fiidley 6086! 5923! Borneo,
Haviland 1444 !

Helfer 1804 in Herb. Berlin is typical D. velutina. In Herb. Paris the same
number. is attached to a specimen of var, Maingayi. The Bornean plant may be
varietally distinct.

1]. DaAtpercia BoRNEENSIS Prain. A long climber with perfectly
glabrous branches. Leaves 8-12 cm. long, leaflets 7-9, oblong, obtuse,
mucronulate, membranous, quite glabrous on both surfaces, 2°5 cm. long,
1:25 cm. wide, the terminal more cuneate at base and slightly larger
than the others ; stipules large, sparingly puberulous or glabrous; rachis
8 cm. long and petiolules 2°5 mm. long glabrous. Flowers in lax lateral
panicles with corymbose branches 6 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, the peduncles,
branches and pedicels glabrous or very sparingly puberulous, bracts
and 2 bracteoles at base of calyx narrowly subulate, pnberulous.
Calyx 4 mm. long, puberulous, campanulate, base slightly gibbous,
teeth acute subequal, upper pair wider than the three lanceolate
lowest. Corolla white, petals with claws as long as calyx-tube,
standard orbicular, emarginate, reflexed. Stamens usually 10, in one
bundle slit along top. Ovary long-stipitate, glabrous, style subulate ;
ovule usually solitary. Pod thinly coriaceous, pale straw-coloured,
finely uniformly reticulated throughout, 1-seeded. Seed markedly
reniform, 1:25 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, 1:2 mm. thick.

Mataya: Borneo, near Kuching, Haviland 2889! Kalong, Haviland
2890 !

12. DaLBEeRGIA brocwils Prain. A large climber, with slender,
blackish, glabrous branches, branchlets occasionally hooked. Leaves
8-12 cm. long, leaflets 11-15, obovate-oblong, base cuneate, apex rounded
retuse, thinly coriaceous, finely closely reticulate, sparsely adpressed-
pubescent beneath, 2°5-3 cm. long, 1-1:25 cm. wide, rachis 7-9 cm.
long and petiolules 2°56 mm. long glabrous or sparsely adpressed-

pubescent. Flowers white, in lax few-flowered axillary panicles 5 cm.

long, 3 cm. wide, rachis, branches and pedicels 3 mm. long puberulous.
Calyx puberulous, campanulate, teeth triangular, obtuse, shorter than
tube except the lowest subacute almost as long as tube. Petals with
claws as long aS calyx-tube. Stamens 9,monadelphous. Ovary stipitate,
glabrous except the puberulous stipe; ovules 2-3. Pod 1-2-seeded,
thinly coriaceous, linear-oblong, 6°5 cra. long when 1-seeded. 9 cm.

1901.) D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 45

long when 2-seeded, 1:5 cm. wide, rere reticulated opposite the
seeds.

Cuina: Hupeh, Henry 3437! 4132! 4138 ! 4561! Szechuen; Ky-
min-se, Farges 1076! Yunnan; Mengtze, Henry 10503 !

Farges gives the Chinese name as “ ''a-kang-kin-ten.”

13. DaLBERGIA cCULTRATA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5861 (1832) ; Benth.
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 39 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
ii. 233 (1876); Kurz, For. Wlor. Brit. Burma i. 342 (1877).
D. zeylanica Wall. Cat. 5847 B (1832), nec Roxburgh.

Borma: Pegu, Kurz 1787! 2609! Wallich! McClelland ! Ravedin!
Shan Hills, Collett 406! King’s Collector ! Prazer ! Tenasserim, Gallatly !
‘Trogla, near the hills, Wallich 5847 B! SIAM: Radboerie, Teysmann
6027 ! |

2. Sussoe unguiculate, Standard with a long claw.

14. Daupercia Havinanpt Prain. A small tree with blackish,
rugose, rusty-puberulous, thickish branvhlets. Leaves 7-10 cm. long,
leaflets 1-3, when three the two lateral subopposed, ovate, obtuse or
subacute, base truncate, firmly coriaceous, pubescent especially on the
nerves above, velvety beneath, 5-8 cm. long, 2°5-4 cm. wide, secondary
nerves 4—5 pairs, much curved forwards distinct beneath ; rachis 1°25-
25 cm. long, densely velvety as are the petiolules 3°5 mm. long.
Flowers in short, clustered racemes 1'25-2'5 cm. long, springing from
tufts of triangular, rusty-velvety bracts in axils of old leaves, lowest
pedicels longest, slender, 5 mm. long, tawny-pubescent as are the
peduncles ; bracts at base of pedicels solitary, ovate-lanceolate, 1°5 mm.
long; persistent, the bracteoles below the calyx solitary, subulate, very
small. Calyx campanulate, tawny-tomentose, 3°5 mm. long, teeth acute,
half as long as tube. Corolla white, claws of petals as long as calyx-
tube. Stamens 9, monadelphous, slit along upper side or occasionally
(fide Haviland) in 2 bundles of 5 and 4 respectively. Ovary densely
pubescent as is its stipe; ovules 2. Pod not seen.

Borneo: Sarawak, near Kuching, Haviland 2894! 2895!

15. Daueercia Hupperru Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 119
(1897).

SINGAPORE; Hullett 626!

16. Daxpereia rostrata Grah, in Wall. Cat. 5867 (1832). D. Sis-
‘800 Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 128 (1855.) nec Roxb. D. pseudo-Sissoo Mig.
Llor, Ind. Bat. i. 128 (1855); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 118
(1897). D. Championii Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeylan. 95 (1860) ; Benth.,
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 39 (1860); Buk. in Hook f. Flor. Brit.
Ind, 11. 231 (1876); Trimen, Handbook of Ceylon Flora ii. 88 (1894),

46 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

D. nitida Zipp. Mss. in Herb. Lugd.-Bat. Wndospermum zeylanicum
Champ. Mss. in Herb. Peradeniya.

S. Inp1a: Tinnivelly, at foot of Ghauts on banks of the river Tam-
braparni, Beddome 2424! Cryton: moist regions, 2000-4000 ft.,
Thwaites 761! Java: Blume! Zippel! Hasskarl! Borneo: Sarat
Gunong Woh, Beccari 2845! Igau, Beccari 3906! 3908! Sungei Unpan-
ang, Beccari 3379! Singkawang, Teysmann 7875! Kuching, Haviland ©
2111! CeLesus: S.-H. Peninsula, at Lepo-Lepo, near Kandari, Beccari!
Maray Peninsuta: Perak; Larut, Kunstler 3177! 3340! 3579! 4964!
6565! Scortechini 1348! Wray 2098! 2965! Penang; Govt. Hill,
Curtis! Singapore; Bukit Mandai and elsewhere, Hullett ! Ridley !

17. Datperoia Kinctana Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvii. 2. 289
(1898).

Burma: Kachin Hills, Skaik Mokim!

18. DatperGciA Henryana Prain. A large woody climber with Baubes
pubescent young branches. Leaves 12 cm. long, leaflets 4-5, ovate, acute,
base cuneate or rounded, coriaceous, glabrous above, softly densely
pubescent beneath, terminal the largest 7 cm. long, 3°5 cm. wide ;
rachis 6 cm. and petiolules 3:5 mm. rusty-puberulous. Flowers white,
in loose panicles 10 em. long, with rusty-pubescent main-rachis and
branches 3 cm. long; pedicels rusty, 3 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles
small, ovate, rusty-pubescent. Calyw campanulate, densely rusty-pubes-
cent, 4°55 mm. long, teeth subequal triangular. Pelals with claws as
long as calyx. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary pubescent, with long
pubescent stipe ; ovules usually 2. Pod not seen.

Cutna: Yunnan, at Mengtze, Henry 11248!

19. Daxpercia Bentuamt Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvii. 2. 289
(1898). A woody climber, branches black, glabrous. Leaves 12-14 em.
long; leaflets 5-7, ovate or oblong-elliptic, narrowed to the obtuse or
retuse apex, base cuneate or rounded, coriaceous, glabrous above, glauces-
cent and finely adpressed-puberulous beneath, terminal the largest 5
cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide; rachis 8 cm. long and petiolules 4 mm. long
glabrous, . Flowers in short, axillary, rusty-pubescent panicles 3°5 cm.
long, branches 1 cm, long, pedicels 3 mm. long; bracts and_ bracteoles
ovate, deciduous, rusty-pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely rusty-
tomentose, 4 mm. long, the 3 lower teeth narrow-ovate, rather longer
than the two wider upper. Petals with claws as long as calyx. Stamens
9, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous, stipitate; ovules usually 3. Pod
glabrous, long stipitate, thinly coriaceous, ligulate, 1-2-seeded, 5-7 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide, faintly reticulate opposite the compressed, reniform
seed. D. rubiginosa Benth., Flor. Hongkong. 93 (1861) non Roxb. .

Cuina: Hongkong, Hance 1053! Wilford! Wright 140! Ford!
Seemann ! Bodinier ! Urquhart ! Harland!

1901. | D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 47

20. Daxperaia Garpnertana Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, Suppl.
42 (1860); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 444 (1897). D. congesta
Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 232 (1876) partim, nec Benth.

S. Inpia: Nilgiris, Gurdner! Metz (Hohenacker 1591)! Wight
824! G. Thomson! Clarke 11129! Gamble 13176! 14501! Perrottet 469 !

21. Dapercia RuBIGINOSA Roxb. Coromand. Pl. 1. 9,6. 115 (1798) ;
Hort. Beng. 98 (1814); DO. Prodr. ii. 416 (1825); W. & A. Prodr. i,
265 (1834); Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43 (excl. ref. China)
(1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind, ii. 232 (1876) ; Prain, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng, |xvi. 2. 443 (1897).

W. Inpia: Concan, Stocks! Wight 823! 924! Canara, Talbot 70!
1182! 1867! 3594!

22, Datpereia concesta Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5872 (1832);
W. & A. Prodr, i. 265 (1834) ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43
(1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii, 232 (excl. syn. D. Gard-
neriana) (1876). -

S. Inp1a: Coonoor, 6000 ft. Brandis! Gamble 11694! Prain!
- Upper Borma: Chin Hills, Prazer !

23. Daxpercia DENSA Benth., Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 217 (1843) ; Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43 (1860); Flor. Austral. 1. 271 (1864).

Matay ArcuipeLaco: Amboina, Teysmann 5120! Key Islands, Ke-
teil at Tual, Beccart! New Guinea; without locality, Hinds! Island of
Jobie, Barclay! Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Hollrung 84! 174! 477!
AUSTRALIA: Queensland, von Mueller! Bailey! Possession Island,
R. Brown! Prince of Wales Island, R. Brown ! Torres Straits, Moseley !
Albany Island, Hill!

24. DaLBERGIA BURMANICA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi, 2.
448 (1897).

Burma: Ruby Mines District, King’s Collectors! Chin Hills, C. R.
Dun 50!

25. Darperera Janerit Buerck Mss. in Herb. Bogor. A large
shrubby climber with glabrous branches. Leaves 5-8 cm. long; leaflets
15-23, ovate-oblong, base faintly obliquely cuneate, apex rounded
slightly emarginate, chartaceous, green above slightly glaucescent
beneath, finely sparsely adpressed-pubescent on both surfaces, 3 em.
long, 1:25 cm. wide, rachis 8-10 em. long, and petiolules 4 mm. long
glabrous. Flowers in congested axillary panicles 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,
rachis and branches puberulous, pedicels 3mm. long, puberulous ; bracts
and 2 bracteoles under the calyx ovate, puberulous. Calyx campanu-
late, glabrescent, 4 mm. long, teeth short, triangular, obtuse. - Corolla
white, 8 mm. long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube, standard
ovate, reflexed. Stamens 10, monadelphous, sheath slit along upper side.

48 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [ No. 1,

Ovary glabrous, long-stalked, style subulate; ovules 2. Pod narrow-
oblong, ie firmly coriaceous, with rounded apiculate tip, Cishpehly
stipitate, usually 2-seeded, 5-6 cm. long, 1:25 cm. wide. |

Mataya: Key Islands, Warburg 20312! Key Toewal, Jaher ! dale
cult. in Hort. Bogor, introduced from Key Toewal !

Most nearly related to D. polyphylla and D. tamarindifolia but very diatinct
from both.

26. DaLBERGIA POLYPHYLLA Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, Suppl. 44
ealcuding the Bornean plant (1860). D. polyphylla Benth. Pl. Jungh. i
256, in part ; the Philippine plant only (1854).

_ Privippines: Luzon, Cuming 1164! Vidal 2589 !

Specimens of this in Herb. Berol, and Herb. De Candulle have been kindly
lent for study; the writer has also seen those at Kew and the British Museum.
The species is a very distinct one, nearest to D, tamarindifolia, The two plants

referred to the same species at different times by Mr, Bentham are both Triptolemez,
one is D. Millettii Benth., a Chinese species, the other is D. PhS BL, a

Malayan one.

Vidal gives the vernacular name as “ Pasa?

27. Dapercia acacizFoLIA Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii, 37 (1850).
D. tamarindifolia var. acacizfolia Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.
235 (1876).

Western Inpta: Concan, Law! N. Canara, Talbot 3588! Tinni-
velly Hills, Nazdoo! fe

A very distinct species, differing from D. tamarindifolia, to which it is most
closely allied, in its foliage, the leaflets being glaucous beneath; and in’ its larger,
firmly coriaceous pod.

28. DaLBerGiA MALABARICA Prain.: A shrubby climber with
densely rusty-pubescent young branches. Leaves 9-10 cm. long; leaflets
21-31, thinly pubescent above, densely tomentose heineSith ented
elliptic-oblong, hardly or not obliqne at the base, 1:25 cm. long, 6-7 mm.
wide, moderately firm ; rachis 8-9 em. long densely pubescent, petiolules
very short and lanceolate stipules densely rusty-pubescent. Flowers
with the leaves, in congested, sessile, axillary corymbs 1°5 cm. long, 6
mm. wide; peduncles densely pubescent, pedicels glabrous; - bracts
triangular-ovate, persistent, and bracteoles 2 below calyx lanceolate,
persistent, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, glabrous except on the
margins of the teeth, 4 mm, long, teeth nearly as long as tube, the two
upper connate obtuse, the others lanceolate acute. Corolla white, 8 mm,
long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube, standard ovate, entire,
reflexed. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous except along the
upper suture, stipe distinct pubescent; style filiform; ovules 2. Pod:
ovate- oblong, very thinly coriaceous, glabrous, long stipitate, 8 em.)

-

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 49

long, 1°5 cm, wide, distinctly reticulately veined especially opposite the
seed. D. tamarindifolia var. pubescens Bak. in Hook. f, Flor Brit.
Ind, ii. 235 (1876).

Western Inpra: Concan, Stocks ! Canara, Talbot 408 ! 3665! Quilon,
Wight! S. Tinnivelly, Beddome !

Though placed with D, tamarindifolia by Mr. Baker this is very distinct by its
leaflets, which are hardly if at all oblique at the base, and by its different pods.

29. DALBERGIA TAMARINDIFOLIA Rowb. ort. Beng. 53 (1814) ; Flor.
Ind. iii. 233 (in part) (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 5870 (1832) ; Wight Icon, t.

242 (excl. fruit) (1840) ; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Caleutt. 241 (1845); Mig.

Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 131 (1855); Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 44
(1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 234 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor.
Brit. Burma i. 348 (1877); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 117
(1897). D. rufa Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5364 (1832). D. multijuga Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5865 (1832); Zoll. et Mor. Verzeichn. 2 (1845).
D. Blumei Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 284 (1844) ; Pl. Jav. Rar. 400 (1848),

Himarara: Nepal, Wallich! Sikkim, Hooker! Lister! Assam:

Brahmaputra Valley, Watt! Simons! Peal! Jenkins! Mann! Clarke !

Silhet, Gomez! Cuirracona: Kodala, King’s Collector! Burma: Tenas-
serim, Wallich! Griffith! Helfer! Falconer! Anpamans: S. Andaman,
common; Barren Island, Prawn! Cuina: Yunnan, Taping Valley,
J. Anderson! Manaya: Langkawi, Curtis! Perak, Scortechini! Wray !
Kunstler! Penang, Wallich! Malacca, Maingay! Derry! Sumatra,
Korthals! Forbes! Java, Horsfield ! Ploem! Zollinger ! Borneo, Korthals !
Motley 262! Creagh ! Haviland ! Puitippines: Luzon, Vidal 250!

The native name given for this by Hasskarl is Aroy Tjetjereha or “climbing
Tamarind.” In Hort. Bogor at present this name connotes D. phyllanthoides Bl.,
which is in cultivation there under the name D. littoralis Hassk.

3. Sissoxe unguiculate Pseudoselenolobiex.

30. DALBERGIA CANDENATENSIS Prain. Cassia candenatensis Dennst.
Schl. zum Hort. Malabar. 12 (1818). Dalbergia torta Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5873 (1832); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 120 (1897).
D. monosperma Dalz. Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 36 (1850); Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 182 (1855); Benth. Journ. Linn Soc. iv. Suppl. 48 (1860); Dalz.
& Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 78 (1861); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 337
(1876); Talbot, Bombay List 75 (1894). Drepanocarpus monospermus
Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 337 (1877).—Karin Tagera Rheede, Hort.
Malabar. vi. 25.

W. Inpra: Concan, Stocks! Law! Malabar, Rheede (Ic.)! Quilon,
Wight 820! Cryton: Pandure, ‘Trincomali and Kodiyar, Thwaites !
Trimen! Buncau: Sundribuns, Clarke 33423! Heinig! ANDAMANS:

J. 1. 7,

50 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

Narcondam, Prain ! S. Andaman, very common, King’s Collectors ! BurMa :
Amherst, Falconer! Kalian river, Martaban, Wallich! Mergui, Griffith
1799! Cocuin-Cuina : between Saigon and Cholen, Lefévre 132! Annam,
Haton, Godefroy 753! Tonkin, Balansa 1202! Mataya; Langkawi, Curtis
2868! Penang, Wallich 5873! Curtis 220! Perak, coast, Scortechini 1099 !
Wray 2502! Malacca, atTanjong Kling, Ridley 3312! Singapore, Wallich !
Kurz! 1. Anderson ! Kunstler 66! Ridley 5576! Wichura 656! Sumatra ;
Indrapura, Korthals! Miller 1778! Biliton, at Blimbong, 'eysmann !
Borneo; Sarawak, Matong, Beccart 2526! Igau, Beccari 3905! Bintulu,
Haviland 2892! Celebes; S.-H. Peninsula, Lepo-Lepo near Kandari,
Beccari ! Moluccas; Amboina, Forster! Ceram Laut, Forster ! Warburg
20311! New Guinea; Forbes! Puitippines: Luzon, Batangos, Cuming
1542! Vidal 2605! Manila, Cuming 1541! Cuina: Little Hongkong,
Ford! Hongkong, Hance! Potynesta: Fiji, Seemann 128! Tonga Isds.
at Vavau, Crootz 39! N. Caledonia, Pancher 44! Deplanche 336! Veillard
2927! Avustratia: Cape York, Damel! Rockingham Bay, Dallachy !
Port Darwin, Schultz 744!

Miquel reports the species also from Bangka; it is curious that it has never
apparently been collected in the Sunda Archipelago or in Java. The only specimens
from Java that I have seen are from plants cultivated in the Buitenzorg Garden

Hort. Bogor. nn. 854! 2692!
Godefrey gives the Annamese name as ‘‘ Cayme miik” and the Cambodian as

‘ Bai tuk.”

31. DaALBERGIA MENOEIDES Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.. lxvi. 2,
120 (1897) and 453 (1897).

Mataya: Perak, Scortechini 1392 !

II. Datserearia Benth.

4. Dalbergarieex.

32. DaLBERGIA GLOMERIFLORA Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2.
70 (1873); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 236 (1876); Kurz,
For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 345 (1877).

Burma: Prome, Kurz 2611!

33. DALBERGIA CANA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5859 (1832); Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beny. xlii. 2.70 (1873) Bak. in Hook. f. Flor Brit. Ind.
ii. 237 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i, 344 (1877); Prain,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng.. Ixvi. 2. 450 (1897). D. purpurea Wail. Cat.
5869 (1832); Benth. in Journ, Linn, Soc. iv, Suppl. 46 partly (1860) ;
Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 235 partly (1876).

Burma: ‘Tenasserim, Wallich 5859! 5869! Pegu, Brandis! Kurz
1779! 2601

34, Daupercia Kurzit Prain, Jowrn. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2, 450
(1897), D. purpurea Kurz, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 279 each. cit.

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 51

Wall. Cat, 5869 (1875); For. Flor. Brit. Burmai. 344 (1877) ; not of
Wall.

Burma: Pegu, McClelland 8! Brandis 1170! Kurz 1780! 1783!
2603 ! 2603! Kalay Hills, Prazer! Shan Hills, Alpin ! Ruby Mines Dist.,
King’s Collector !

35. DALBERGIA PANICULATA Rozb. Cor. Pl. ii. 8, t. 114 (1798) ; ; Hort.
Beng. 53 (1814); DC. Prodr. ii. 417 (1825); Spreng. Syst. iii. 198
(1826) ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 227 (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 5848 partly (1832) ;
W. § A. Prodr. i. 265 (1834); Grah., Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1839); Benth.,
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 (1860) ; Dulz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 78
(1861); Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 88 (1869) ; Brandis, For. Flor. 151 (1874) ;
Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 236 (1876); Ualbot, Bombay List 75
(1894); Prain, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 449 (1897). D. nigrescens
Kurz, Pegu Rep. App. A 48 (1875); For. Flor, Brit. Burma i. 346 (1877).

S. Inpia: Circars, Roxburgh ! Mysore, Heyne! G. Thomson! Columala,
Wight! Cuddapah, Naidoo! Gamble 10867! Travancore, Lawson !
W, Inpia: Concan, Gibson ! Stocks ! Canara, Talbot! Burma: Pegu, Hyre !

— Kurz 2618! Upper Burma, Griffith 1810! King’s Collectors ! J. Anderson !
Shan Hills, King’s Collectors !

36. Datpereta sericea G. Don, Gen. Syst. 11. 375 (1832). D. robusta

Wall. Cat. 5849 A (1832); not of Roxb. D. hircina Wall. Cat. 5871 B

(1832) ; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 46 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f.
Flor, Brit. Ind. ii, 236 (1876) ; Gamble, Darjeeling List 29 (1896) ; Prain,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi, 2. 449 (1897); not of Ham. D. stenocarpa
Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. 2, 205 (1875); Buk. in Hook, f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 238 (1876). D. emarginata Royle Mss. in Herb. Kew;
not of Roxb. D, assamica Benth. Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 in part
(as to the Subsewalik locality only) (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind, ii. 235 partly (1876).

Himataya: Garhwal, King ! Duthie } | Kamaon, Strachey § Winter-
bottom 3! T. Thomson! Wallich! Royle! King! Duthie! MacKinnon !
Nepal, Wailich! Hamilton! Sikkim, Gamble! Lister! Gammie! Clarke!
Prain! Bootan, Grifith 1812! Gamble! Alipur Duars, Heawood !

Two names were indirectly made available for this very distinct species by Dr.
Wallich. These are D. robusta Wall., given by that botanist under the mistaken
belief that this was the same as Roxburgh’s D. robusta which is a Derris, and
_D. hireina used under the mistaken impression that this is what Hamilton intended
by D. hircina, Though aware that this also was a mistake, Mr. Bentham has
chosen the latter as the preferable name. Fortunately, though this was not known
to Mr. Bentham, there is another name, D. sericea G. Don, which dates from the same
year and has the advantage of being accompanied by a Eevanipeents it therefore

supersedes both the others.
Mr. Baker has apparently seen an example of Wall. Cat. 6849 A which ise

02 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. J,

D. lanceolaria Linn. f.; the writer has not seen one. In any case Wall. Cat. 5 A
at the Linnean Society’s rooms (Wallich’s type Herbarium) is D. sericea.

Dalbergia hircina Ham., as written up by Hamilton himself (in Herb. Brit.
Museum), on two specimens collected at Darhora 12th Apl., 181], and at Sukhyia
23rd Aug., 1809, is D. lanceolaria. The type of D. sericea G. Don, as shown by a
specimen from Herb. Lambert named by G. Don himself, and now in the British
Museum collection, was also collected by Hamilton. On this Hamilton has noted
“Dalbergia? A tree; Cheria ghaut Hills 31-3-1802.” It is this that has, in Wall.
Cat. 5871 B, been erroneously written up by Wallich as D. hircina.

37. DALBERGIA LANCEOLARIA Linn. f. Suppl. 316 (1781) ; DC. Prodr.
i, 417 (1825); Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 (1860); Dalz. &
Gibs., Bomb. Flor. 78 (1861); Brandis, For. Flor. 151 (1874) ; Bak. in
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 235 (1876) ; Talbot, Bombay List 74 (1894).
D. frondosa Rowb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); DC. Prodr. ii. 417 (1825) ;
Roxb. Flor, Ind. ii. 226 (1882); Wall. Cat. 5855 (1832); W. & A.
Prodr. i. 266 mainly (1834); Grah., Pl. Bombay 55 (1839) ; Wight Icones
t. 266 (1840) ; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845); Bedd., Flor.
Sylvat. t. 88 (1869). D. zeylanica Rowb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor.
Ind. iii. 228 (1832); Wall. Cat. 5847 A (1832); Vozgt, Hort. Suburb.
Calcutt. 241 (1845). D. arborea Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 330 (1821) ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 417 (1825), D. hircina Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5871 A (1832).

N. Inp1a: Hardwar, Hamilton! King! T. Thomson! Darhora,
Hamilton ! Sukhiya, Hamilton! Rajputana, Abu, King ! Ajmir, Jacque-
mont! Moir! Brandis! C. India; Jerdon! Chota jNagpur, Gamble !
Haines! Campbell! Clarke! Wood! “Prain! Behar, Hooker! Kurz!
W. Inpia: Concan, Stocks! Law! Canara, Talbot! Belgaum, Ritchie !
S. Inpra: Madras, Heyne! Roxburgh! Mysore, G. Thomson! Vellore,
Gamble! Kurnool, Gamble ! Tellicherry, Metz (Hohenacker 723)! Wight
927! Cottulam, Leschenault 191! Shevarois, Perrottet ! Ceyton: Thwaites
1496! Cuntrvatep at Bourbon, Richard !

Letter A of Wallich’s Dalbergia robusta, reduced to this by Mr. Baker, is
D. sericea G. Don (=D. hircina Benth. and Bak. not of Ham.). Wight and Arnott
have mainly D, lanceolaria under D. frondosa, but one of their quoted sheets,
Wight n. 928, is D. paniculata. Leschenault in Herb. Paris gives the native name
of this as “ Toda cotty morum.”

38. Datpereia assamica Benth, Pl. Junghuhn. i. 255 (1854) ; Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 partly, the Assam locality only (1860); Bak. in
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 235 partly, the Assam locality only (1876) ;
Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1xvi. 2. 449 (1897). D. lanceolaria Gamble,
Darjeeling List 29 (1896) not of Linn. f.

Sikkim: Narchu Valley Prawn! Prain’s Collector! Assam: Brahma-
putra Valley, Grifith K.D. 1803! Hooker § Thomson! Masters ! Peal!
Watt ! Jenkins 54! -

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 53

This is a fine tree, known in Assam as ‘“ Medeloa.” The Subsiwalik specimens
collected by Edgeworth and included in this species by Bentham prove, on examina-
tion, to belong to D. sericea G. Don. (=D, robusta Wall. not Roxb. =D, hircina Benth.
not Ham.).

39. DaLBEeRGIA HUPEANA Hance, Journ. Bot. xx. 5 (1882); Forbes
§ Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 198 (1887).

Cuina: Ichang ; Walters! Henry 3670! 4558! 3112! 4932! Ningpo ;
Oldham! Cooper! Faber! Kwangtung; Sampson! Ford! Carles 556!
Nant’o, Carles 287! E. Szechuen; Farges 1213! Yang-tze-kiang,
Faber !

This Farges terms ‘‘ Tan-mou-chou,” the wood being “ Tchan-Keou.” Cooper
says “ Paitan” is the local, “white Chandan” the classical name. Henry, on
n. 3670 at Kew, calls it the Tan tree.

40. Datsereta Wart Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 17, t. 5 (1889) ;
Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 451 (1897).

Manirur: Metaiphum, 5000 ft, Watt 6830! Mayung, 3500 ft,
Clarke 42034!

41. Danpercia OLiveRt Gamble ex Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng,
Ixvi. 2. 451 (1897). D. paniculata Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 345
(1877) not of Roxb. D. purpurea Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

ii. 235 partly and as to Pegu specimens only (1876); Prain, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 449 (1897).

Burma: Pegu, Kurz1781! 2604! Wuntho and Bhamo, J. W. Oliver !
Collectors of Forest Dept. !

The recent receipt of fruiting specimens and oldish leaves of “ Tamalan” (D.
Oliveri Gamble) shows that this tree is the same as the “ Tabou-ben” of Kurz’s
Flora (D. paniculata Kurz, not of Roxb.) and further settles finally a very troublesome
question that had arisen regarding the incidence of the name D. purpurea.

In the Linnean Society’s Herbarium (Wallich’s type herbarium) and in all the
other herbaria seen by me D. purpurea Wall. is = D. cana Grah., except at Kew
- where there is mixed with D. cana some D. volubilis. Bentham’s D. purpurea, which
is based on that material, is thus a mixture of D. cana and D. volubilis, while to
these species Mr. Baker, in the F.B.I, has added a third in the shape of D. paniculata
Kurz, non Roxb. Thewriter’s D. purpurea, in this Journal (Ixvi. 2. 449) rejected
both D. purpurea Wall. and D. volubilis, and is restricted to Kurz’s plant, for which in
any case therefore a new name would have had to be provided had this not already
fortunately been done by Mr. Gamble.

42. Datperaia Prazert Prawn, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 452
(1897),

Burma: Shan Hills at Koni, Prazer! Stam: Teysmann 52!
Very closely related to D. Oliveri, “ Tamalan” or ‘‘ Tabon-ben ” and to D., stipu-

lacea ** Donk-ta-loung-nway,’” having the pods of the former but in foliage more
resembling the latter.

D4 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

43. Daupercta Hemsteyi Prain, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 450
(1897).

Burma: Shan Hills, Collett ! Prazer ! King’s Collector!

44, DatperctA Batans&# Prain. A tree 20-30 feet high. Leaves
13-18 cm. long, leaflets 13-15, ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, persistently
puberulous beneath, chartaceous, finely reticulately veined, 3-4 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide, rachis 10-15 cm. and petiolules 4 mm. long puberu-
lous; stipules lanceolate. flowers in lax axillary panicles 8-10 cm.
long, 5 cm. wide, with glabrescent peduncles and slender puberulous
pedicels, bracts ovate-lanceolate and 2 lanceolate obtuse bracteoles
under the calyx very caducous. Calyx campanulate, the upper teeth
subconnate obtuse and lateral subacute half as long as tube, lowest
lanceolate as long as tube. Corolla white, standard orbicular 2-callose
at base. Stamens in 2 phalanges of 5 each. Ovary densely pubescent ;
ovules usually 3. Pod long-stipitate, tapering to both ends, usually
1-, rarely 2-3-seeded, coriaceous, reticulated opposite the seed, 8-12 cm.
long, 3°5 cm. wide. Seeds subreniform, compressed. D. lanceolaria
Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 193 (1887) ; Drake del Castillo, Journ, de
Bot. v. 214 (1891) not of Linn. f.

Cuina: Kwangtung, Sampson ! Ford ! Kiu-Kiang, Shearer ! Millett !
Tonkin: Mt. Bavi, Balansa 2289 !

45. DALBERGIA VOLUBILIS Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 48, t. 191 (1798) ; Hort.
Beng. 98 (1814); DC. Prodr. u. 417 (1825); Spreng. Syst. iii. 193
(1826) ; Rowb. Flor. Ind. iii. 231 (1832); Wall. Cat. 5874 (1832) ;
W. & A. Prodr. i. 265 (1834) ; Grah., Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1889) ; Benth.
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 46 (1860); Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 78
(1861) ; Brandis, For. Flor. 152 (1874); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. i, 235 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. 1. 346 (1877) ; Talbot,
Bombay List 75 (1894) ; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 114 (1897).
D. confertiflora Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 partly, both the
Oudh and the Concan plants (1860) not of Benth. in Pl. Junghuhn. ; Bak.
in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 233 partly (1876) ; Talbot, Bombay List 75
(1894). D. foliacea Wall. Cat. 5856 partly (1832). D. purpurea
Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 46 partly (1860); Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 235 partly (1876) not of Wullich. D. stipulacea Gamble,
Darjeeling List 29 partly (1896) not of Roxb. |

N. Inpra: Oudh, Wallich! Duthie! W. Duars, Gamble 6683!
Terai, Anderson! Clarke! Kamaon Bhabar, 1000 ft., Strachey and
Winterbottom 2! Behar, Kurz! Campbell! Ball! Chota Nagpur,
1. Anderson! Thomson ! Wood! Clarke! C.Inp1a: Sagor, Jerdon ! C. Pro-
vinces, Duthie! W. Inpia: N. Canara, Yalbot! Concan, Stocks!
Malabar, Stocks! S. Canara, Metz (Hohenacker 561)! 8, Ivpia : Circars,

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 55

Roaburgh ! Bolimpati, Wight ! Travancore, Lawson ! Kurnool, Gamble !
Ganjam, Gamble! Assam : Goalpara, Clarke ! Garo Hills, Watt ! Currra-
gone: Thanacheri, etc, Hooker § Thomson! Gamble! Lister! King’s
Collector! Burma: Chin Hills, Prazer ! King’s Collector! Kachin Hills,
Prain’s Collector ! Bhamo, J. Anderson! Shway Yoe, J. Anderson! Pegu,
Brandis! Kurz! Shan Hills, Collett! Prazer ! King’s Collectors ! Tenas-
serim, Wallich 5856 B! Cleghorn! Gallatly! Helfer 1805! Anpamans :

S. Andaman, very common, King’s Collectors !

46. DALBERGIA FERRUGINEA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 (1814) ; Flor. Ind.
iii, 223 (1832) ; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 183 (1855). D. luzonensis
Vog. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 33 (1843); Benth, Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. Suppl. 48 (1860). D. penduliflora Blume ex Mig. loc. cit. (1855).
D. stipulacea Benth. loc, cit., partly (1860) not of Rob.

Manaya: Brit. N. Borneo, Bangi island at Pankalan, Fraser 274 !
Moluccas, at Tidore, Christian Smith! Teysmann 5186! Buru, Buitenzorg
Collectors! Ceram, Teysmann 5043! Foerster! Ceram Laut, Warburg
20309! New Guinea; Dutch N.G. at Sigar, near the coast, Warburg
20813! Andai, Beccari 554! 693! Patuierines: Manilla, Meyen! Sawar,
F. Jagor 945! Luzon, Vidal 2598! Panay, Vidal 2606!

47. DALBERGIA STIPULACEA Rowb., Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor. Ind.
iii. 233 (1832); Wight, Icones t. 453 (1840); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.
241 (1845); Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 183 (1855) ; Benth., Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. Suppl. 47 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 237
excluding the syns. D. ferruginea and I). rostrata (1876); Kurz, For.
Fler. Brit. Burm. i. 346 (1877); Gamble, Darjeeling List 29 (1896) ;
Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 451 (1897). D. tingens Ham. in
Wall. Cat. 5860 (1832). D. cassioides Wall. Cut. 5863 (1832). -D. livida
Grah. in Wall. Gat. 5866 (1832).

Eastern Himanaya: Sikkim, lower Hills and Terai, Hooker ! Kurz!
Anderson! Clarke! Gamble! King! Prain! Bootan and Duars, Gamble !
Lister! Haines! Assam: Bralhmaputra Valley, Hamilton! Jenkins!
Simons! Clarke! Mann! Fisher! Peal! Naga Hills, King’s Collector !
Watt ! Prazer! Prain’s Collector! Garo Hills, Clarke! Khasia Hills;
Hooker §& Thomson! Clarke! Manipur, Watt! Silhet, deSilva! Clarke !
Cuitracona: Kodala, King’s Collector! Borma: Kachin Hills, Prain’s
Collector! Hukung, Girifith! Chin Hills, Prazer ! Kalay Hills, Prazer !
Shan Hills, King’s Collector ! Pegu, McClelland ! Kurz! Brandis ! Tenas-
serim, Wallich ! Gomez! Brandis! Helfer ! Gallatly ! Cleghorn ! Falconer !

This species does not, as Mr. Baker supposes, extend to Malaya. The reason for
the belief was the tentative reduction to this species by Mr. Bentham of the very
different D. ferruginea Roxb., which was based on Moluccan specimens. OD. rostrata
Grah., also reduced here, is the very different species described by Thwaites as

56 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [ No. ;

D. Championii and previously described by Miquel as D. pseudo-8issoo and also as
D. Sissoo.
I1I. Triproremea Benth.

o. Triptolemesx vere.

48. DALBERGIA CONFERTIFLORA Benth., Pl. Junghuhn. 1. 255 (1854) ;
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
ii. 233 (1876); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 114 (1897).
D. paniculata Wall. Cat. 5848 partly (1832) ; letters E.G.I. D. rubig-
inosa Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 347 (1877) not of Roab.

Bastern Himantaya: Daphla Hills, Lester! Assam: Khasia Hills,
Simons! Silhet, Wallich! Cuirracona: at Kasalong, Lister! Clarke
19744! Thandacheri, King’s Collector! Burma: Pegu, Kurz! AnDAMANS:
S. Andaman, very common, 1. H. Man! King’s Collectors !

The Western India locality cited for this species by Bentham and Baker is
erroneous ; all the specimens from the Concan so named by them are D, volubilis,

A9. Daupereia Cottetti Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.
445 (1897). 7

Burma: Shan Hills, Collett 591! 7238 !

The writer has erroneously described this as a tree ; it isa large climber.

50. Danpercia mimosoipes Franch. Pl. Delavayane 187 (1890).
D. Milletti Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 446 (1897) hardly of
Benth. D. tamarindifolia Roxb. Flor. Ind, iii. 228 im part (1832) ;
Wight, Icon. t. 242 as to fruit only (1840).

Kuasita Hills; at 1-2000 ft. elev., Mann! Shampung, 4000 feet,
Collett ! Sohra, 4500 feet, Gallatly ! Clarke 18845! Maoksandram,
4000 feet, Clarke 42875! Cuina: Yunnan, in woods above Tapintze,
Delavay 1982! Szechuen, near Tatchieulu, 9000 feet, Pratt 275.

This is very near D. Milletti from Hongkong and was in 1897 referred to that
species by the writer. An opportunity, most obliging furnished by MM. Burean
and Franchet, of examining the type of M. Franchet’s D. mimosoides shows that the
Khasia plant is exactly the same as the Yunnan and Szechuen one and that the
latter is probably best treated as specifically distinct from D. Milletti.

It may be mentioned in passing that Dalbergia Delavayi Franch., also kindly
lent for study, does not belong to this genus but is a Cladrastis, C. Delavayi, hardly
different from C. sinensis Hemsl.

51. DALBERGIA STENOPHYLLA Prain. A climber with lenticelled
glabrous branches. Leaves 6-8 cm. long; leaflets 30-35, small, linear-
oblong, obtuse, glabrous above, finely sparingly adpressed-puberulous
beneath, rather close-set, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, rachis 55-7 cm. long
and very short petiolules glabrous. Flowers small, secund, in axillary
panicled cymes 3-5 cm. long, 1°5-4.cm. wide, peduncle, branches and
short pedicels finely puberulous, bracts and 2 bracteoles at base of calyx

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 57

embracing lower third of tube ovate, persistent, small. Calyx 2°5 mm.
long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse, one-third as long as tube except
the lower acute two-thirds the length of tube. Corolla white, 5 mm.
long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate,
glabrous ; ovules 3. Pod thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong or ligulate,
rarely ovate-acute; 2- or l-seeded, 2-3cm. long if one-seeded, 5 cm.
long if 2-seeded; 1 cm. wide; rather distinctly reticulated throughout,
not indurated opposite the seed.

Cuina: Hupeh, Henry 1355! 1950! 3852! 41385! 6188! Szechuen,
Ky-min-se near Tchan-Keou, Farges 1075!

M. Farges gives the Chinese name of this as Kang-kin-ten. It is very nearly
related to both D. Milletti and D. mimosoides but has narrower leaflets and much
narrower pods than either.

52. DarserciA Mincertit Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 34
(1860) ; Flor. Hongkong 92 (1861). DV. polyphylla Benth., Pl. Jungh. i.
256 in part (1854); Seem. Bot. Her. 375 (1855). Derris pinnata Lowr.
_ Flor. Cochin-Chin. 432 (1793) possibly.

Cuina: Hongkong, Hance 1809! Wilford! Ford! Chamyrion !
Hupeh, Henry 3095! 6286! Yunnan, at Mengtze, 5000 feet, Henry 9975 !

53. DanBercia Hance Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 54
(1860); Flor. Hongkong 93 (1861).

Cuina: Hongkong, Hance 1810! Ford! Wilford! Weiss! Macao;
Calléry in Herb. Gaudichaud, voy. Bonité! Near Canton, Park 35!

54. Dansercta THomsont Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33
(1860) ; Bak. in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11, 236 (1876).

Assam: Patkoye Mts., Griffith 1799/1 K.D.! Khasia, Hooker &
Thomson ! Clarke !

This species is not a Dalbergaria, but a Triptolemea.

55. Dapereia ScorrecHintt Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.
444 (1897), A shrubby climber 15-30 feet long with twining glabrous
brauches here and there twisted and thickened into spiral hooks.
Leaves 15-20 cm. long, leaflets 11-15, elliptic, closely puberulous beneath,
glabrous except midrib above, 15-4 cm. (rarely in young shoots 6 cm.)
long, 1-2 (rarely 2°5) cm. wide, rachis 8-10 cm. long and petiolules
4mm. long densely puberulous. Flowers minute, secund, in an ample
terminal and in smaller axillary paniculate cymes 5 cm. wide and as
long as the leaves ; peduncles, branches and pedicels pubescent; bracts
eaducous ; bracteoles persistent oné at base of short pedicels lanceolate
acuminate and two at base of calyx ovate obtuse embracing lower third
of calyx-tube, Calyx 2'5 mm. long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse,

one-third as long as tube, except the acute lowest half as long as tube,
J.u.8 |

58 1D). Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

Jorolla white, 4 mm. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9, sub-
3-adelphous, the central obvexillary stamen being separated almost
or quite to the base from the lateral groups of 4 each. Ovary pubescent,
shortly stipitate ; style short; ovules usually 3-4, sometimes only 2,
rarely more than 4. Pod coriaceous, narrowed at both ends, 4-5 cm. long,
1:25 cm. wide, 1-3-seeded. D. Junghuhnii var. Scortechinii Prazn,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 115 (1897).

Mataya: Penang; Ayer Htam, Curtis 1437! Malacca; Bijong,
Scortechini 1830! Maingay 549 (Herb. Propr. 1554)! Singapore; Bukit
Timah, Ridley 6406! Bangka; Teysmann ! Java; Djampong, Teysmann
1418! Borneo ; Sarawak, Beccari 2887 ! Haviland 2893 !

56. Darperara Curtisi Prain. A scandent shrub with puberulous
branches. Leaves 15-18 cm. long; leaflets usually 7-9, oblong or
elliptic, rounded obtuse and faintly emarginate at apex, cuneate rarely
rounded at base, glabrous above, rather closely puberulous except on the
midrib beneath, 3-5 cm. long, 2°5 cm. wide; rachis 11-12 cm. loug and
petiolules 4 mm. long puberulous. Flowers minute, secund, in
large axillary panicles exceeding the leaves, peduncles branches and
pedicels pubescent; bracteoles persistent, one at base of pedicel lanceo-
late, 2 at base of calyx ovate obtuse embracing the lower third of
calyx-tube. Calyx 2'5 mm. long, campanulate, teeth short obtuse one-
third as long as tube. Corolla white, 4mm. long, claws of petals
short. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary pubescent; ovules 2-3. Pod
thin, membranous, not seen ripe. D. discolor Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl.
296 (1860) nec Bl. D. Junghuhnii Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11, 233 (1876)
partly; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 115 (1897) partly, not of
Benth. )

Mataya: Penang, 500 ft., Curtis! Malacca, Maingay! Sumatra ;
Lampongs, Teysmann !

This species is nearest to D. stercoracea Maingay, but in a note by Maingay
himself it is remarked that, while this is the case, the two are very distinct. This
has no trace of the foetid odour characteristic of D. stercoracea. The two species
have been confused by Mr. Baker and myself with each other and also with :
D. Junghuhnii. Miquel, whose specimens:I have seen, has named this D. discolo# ;
it is, however, very unlike the Bornean species sonamed by Blume, and previously
described by Miquel himself under Blume’s name.

57. Dapureia stercoraceaA Maing. Mss. in Herb. Kew. D. Jung-
huhnii Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 233 in part (1876) ; Prain,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 115 var. typica tn part (1897), not of Benth.
D. frondosa Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 183 (var. typica only and exclud. all
synonyms), (1855), not of Roxb.

Mataya: Malacca, Maingay! Mueller! Derry! Singapore, Hullett !
Ridley ! Sumatra, Korthals !

1901.) . ' -D, Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 59

This has been confounded with D. Junghuhnii Benth. by Mr. Baker and the

writer. The fewer differently-shaped leaflets and the stercoraceons odour of the
flowers amply distinguish it. Miquel, whose Sumatra specimens of “ D. frondosa”’
have been seen by the writer, has named it as above. Both D. sennoides BI. and
D. phyllanthoides Bi, have been included here by Miquel but authentic examples of
these, named by Blume, have been seen by the writer and their trug place is indicated
under the latter species.
- 58. DALBEeRGIA MELANOXYLON Guill. & Perr. Flor. Seneg. Tent. 227,
t. 33 (1834) ; Benth., Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. Suppl. 47 (1860). D. Stocksii
Benth,, Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 42 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook, f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 234 (1876).

Western Inpra: Concan, Stocks! Canara, Talbot ! also at Poona, cult.
Woodrow! Madras, cult. Wight’s Collector! Calcutta, cult. Thomson !
Anderson! King! etc. Disrris.—Africa, from Senegal to Abyssinia and
Mozambique. |

The examination of Stocks’ specimens, and of some exactly like them from
Canara in Mr. Talbot’s herbarium, makes it certain that the plant termed D. Stocksii

_ by Bentham is the African D. melanoxylon, as represented by many specimens in

the Herbaria of Kew, the British Museum, Mr. de Candolle and Calcutta. The
same species has been in cultivation at Calcutta at least since 1858, that being the
earliest date on our herbarium specimens collected in the Gardens. At Madras it
appears to have been in cultivation about as long. There is nothing about Stocks’
specimens to indicate whether that botanist considered the tree indigenous or
introduced, but the note by Mr. Talbot that the plant is known in Western India
as ‘“ Chinese Blackwood,” as opposed to D. latifolia or ‘“* Bombay Blackwood,” points
to a foreign origin.

59. DatBeRGiA MULTIFLORA Heyne ex Wall. in Cat. sub. n. 5848
(1832). Dalbergia sympathetica Nimmo in Grah. Gat. Bomb. Pl. 55
(1839) ; Voigt, Hort. Suburb, Calcutt. 241 (1845); Benth., Pl. Jungh. 255
(1854) ; Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 42 (1860); Dalz. & Gibs., Bomb.
Flor. 78 (1861) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 234 (1876) ; Talbot,
Bomb. List 75 (1894). VD. frondosa Wall. Cat. 5855 partly (1832) ;
W. § A. Prodr. 266 partly (1534), not of Roxb. D. paniculata Wall. Cat.
5848 partly (1832), not of Rowb.—Anamullu Rheede, Hort. Malabar.

‘vill. 40,

~Wesrern Inpia: Conean, Stocks ! Kuntze ! Canara, Talbot ! Mysore,
Heyne! Wight ! Travancore, Lawson 205 !
vaR. glabrescens Pruin; leaflets glabrous above, glabrescent or
sparingly pubescent beneath.
SOUTHERN InpIA: Carnatic, Wight 819 K.D.! G. Thomson / Courtal-
lam, Wight 267! Travancore, Lawson 218!
In 1897 the writer pointed out in this Jowrnal (vol. Ixvi. pt. 2, p. 446) that

Wallich’s n. 5848 B (from Herb. Heyne) is this species and not, as Wallich erroneously
supposed, D. paniculata. Working subsequently through the British Musenm

60 D, Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. .[No. 1,

collection the writer discovered a note on a sheet of D. sympathetica Nimmo, from
Herb. Wight in Herb. Shuttleworth, in Mr. Bentham's handwriting, which shows
that that learned botanist had already made this discovery. The note is as follows :—
“This is a distinct species for which Heyne’s name D. multiflora may be retained
“unless it turns out be one of Roxburgh’s. I have it in flower from Arnott who, in
“his Prodromus, appears to have confounded it with D. frondosa. He had it not then
in flower.”

This being the Amerimnum horridum of Dennstedt [Schliis. Hort. Malabar.
34 (1818) ] it ought perhaps to receive the name Dalbergia horrida; the objection to
using this name is the existence of a synonym D. horrida Grah. which is the equi-
valent of D. spinosa Roxb.

60. DALBERGIA PHYLLANTHOIDES Blume ea Mig. in Flor. Ind. Bat. 1.
1, 134 (1855).

vAR. typica; leaflets membranous. D. frondosa Mzq. var. B. Flor.
Ind. Bat. i. 1. 184 (1855). D. polyphylla Benth. Mss. in Herb. Kew
(Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 34 partly) not of Pl. Junghuhn.

Mataya: Java, Blume ! Nagel 387! Borneo, Barber! Motley 32!

VAR. sennoides Prawn; leaflets firmer, larger. D. sennoides Bl. ex
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 134 (1855). D. Junghuhnii Benth., Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. Suppl. 33 in part (Malacca plant only) (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 2383 partly (1876), not of Benth. in Pl. Junghuhn.
D. subsympathetica Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 116 (1897).
D. littoralis Hassk. Mss. in Herb. Hort. Bog.

Mataya: Perak, Scortechini 201! 1071! Wray 2086! 3205!
Kunstler 2354! 3562! 4978! 5182! Penang, Curtis 1492! Malacca,
Griffith ! Goodenough ! Jagor! Maingay ! Java, cult. in Hort. Bogor.

The opportunity of examining authentic examples of Blume’s and Miquel’s
specimens in the Leiden Herbarium, kindly afforded by the late Prof. Suringar, has
permitted a settlement of the confusion in synonymy connected with this species,
the validity of which the writer had already established in 1897.

6]. Datsercia Jonauuana Benth., Pl. Jungh. i. 254 (1854) ; Mig.
Ilor. Ind. Bat. 1. 1. 129 (1855); Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33,
in part and as regards the Sumatra locality only (1860).

Mataya : Sumatra, at 3000 ft. elev., Junghuhn. 233! Java, de Vriese !

62. DALBERGIA COROMANDELIANA Prain. An erect glabrous shrub,
the ultimate branches distichous, horizontal, rigid, spinous. Leaves
fasciculate, 3-4 cm. long, leaflets 7-9, elliptic or cuneate-oblong, retuse,
6-9 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, glabrous even when young on both surfaces,
rachis 2°5-3'5 em. long, puberulous when young, soon glabrous; petiolules
1 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers minute, secund, in small recurved fascicled
cymes, rachis puberulous, 1-1'5 cm, long, pedicels 3 mm. long, glabrous ;
bracteoles caducous, one at base of pedicel lanceolate, 2 at base of calyx
ovate, subacute, embracing lower third of calyx-tube. Calyx 2°65 mm,

a

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 61

long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse, one-third as long as tube. Corolla
white, 4 mm. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9—10, monadelphous,
diadelphous, or 3-adelplous the obvexillary stamen being free. Ovary
glabrescent ; ovules 3-4. Pod thinly coriaceous, distinctly wide-reticulate
throughout, quite glabrous, narrow-ovate, 3°5 cm. long, 1'5 cm. wide,
distinctly stipitate and cuneate at base, subacute at apex, 1-seeded.
D. spinosa W. & A. Prodr. 1. 266 (1884), not of Roxb.

SournerNn Inpria: exact locality not stated, Wight 798 (821 K.D.)
flower! Shevaghiri Hills, Wight 822 K.D. fruit !

Though much like D. spinosa in general appearance this is very distinct even as
regards leaves and flowers, and is wholly distinct as regards fruit. Its nearest ally
is in reality D. multiflora, but the much smaller cymes with much longer pedicels,
and the much smaller quite glabrous pod amply distinguish it. The leaflets too are
much smaller and fewer than in D. sympathetica so that it is easily distinguished,
even by its foliage, from D. sympathetica VaR. glabrescens where, as in this, the leaflets
may be glabrous. The spines of this plant are straight as in D. spinosa, The
stamens, as in the case of D. melanoxylon, may be variously monadelphous, diadel-
phous or 3-adelphons.

63. Datseraia piscotor Bl, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 1380 (1855);
Renth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 (1860).

Mataya: Borneo, southern coasts, Korthals! Celebes, Teysmann
12539 ! 7

This species has been tentatively placed by Bentham near D. foliacea; it is
most nearly related to D. rimosa.

64. Danpereaia rimosa Itoxb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814) ; DC. Prodr.
ii, 417 (1825); Roxb. Flor. Ind. 11. 233 (1832); Wall. Cat. 5853
(1832) ; Wight Ic. t. 262 (1840); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241
(1845) ; Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 32 (1860) ; Brandis, For.
Flor. 148 (1874) ; Bak, in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 232 (1876). D.
foliacea Wall. (pro parte) Cat. 5856 B; Gamble, Darjeeling List, 29
(1896), nec Wall. Dalbergia sp. Drake del Castillo, Jowrn. de Bot. v.
215 (1891).

Sikkim: Lower Hills, Terai and Duars; Hooker ! King! Gamble!
Gammie! Haines! Assam: Brahmaputra Valley; Jenkins! Simons!
Mann! King’s Collectors! . Masters! Peal! Silhet; Wallich! Ciarke!
Cachar; Prazer! Khasia; Griffith 1801! Hooker § Thomson! Clarke !
Mann! Gallatly! Naga Hills; Clarke! Watt! Burma: Kachin Hills,
Prain’s Collectors! Tonkin: Black river, Balansa 2293!

The Tonkin specimens have the leaflets glabrous beneath and the venation
slightly different from that in the leaves of typical D. rimosa.

65. Darpercia Forsesit Prain. A moderately large climbing
shrubs with glabrous branches. Leaves 13-18 cm. long, leaflets usually
5, ovate-acuminate, base rounded, thinly coriaceous, closely finely reticu-

62 D, Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

late, glabrous on both surfaces the terminal exceeding the others, 4-9 em;
long, 2-4 cm. wide, rachis 6°5-9 em. long and petiolules 5 mm. long
glabrous. Flowers uumerous small, secund, in dichotomous cymes
disposed in terminal corymbose wide panicles extending into the axils of
the upper leaves, 12-15 cm. long, 8-10 cm, wide, shortly pedicelled,
2-bracteolate below the calyx, bracteoles persistent. Calyx campanulate,
9-toothed, teeth all obtuse, subequal, rather shorter than the tube.
Corolla white, the petals rather distinctly clawed; standard orbicular,
subauriculate, slightly emarginate. Stamens 9, in a sheath slit along
the back; sometimes a free vexillary stamen present. Ovary glabrous,
shortly stipitate, style short; ovule solitary. Pod distinctly stipitate,
coriaceous, oblong, glabrous, veined opposite the seed, 4-6 cm. long,
2 cm. wide, l-seeded. Seed reniform, much compressed. D. parviflora
Prain, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. Ixvi. 2.121 (1897) in part, not of Roxb.

Mataya: Lingga, Teysmann! Bigni Telok, 3500 feet, Forbes 3216 !
Warburg n. 20310, in Herb. Berol., leaf-specimens from the Aru Islands,
appears the same.

This the writer in 1897 supposed to be a form of D. parviflora, but the oppor-
tunity of examining its fruits, afforded by the kindness of Dr. Treub, who lent the
Herbarium material of Dalbergia from Buitenzorg, shows that this is a very distinct
species.

66. Datpercta AxLBeRTIsii Prain. A climbing shrub; young
branches terete. Leaves 18-20 cm. long; leaflets 8-9, lateral distinctly
alternate, very dark-green and quite glabrous on both surfaces, firmly
coriaceous, midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, secondary
nerves faint especially above, rather numerous, ovate-acute with rounded
base, terminal rather the largest, 7 cm, long, 3:25 cm. wide; rachis
14-16 cm. long, and petiolules 3 mm. long glabrous. Flowers minute,
secund, in ample terminal thyrsoid panicles, with sparsely puberulous,
zigzag rachis 12 cm. long, giving off at each angle stoutish, horizontal
branches 2°5 cm, long, breaking at their tips into 2 or more reflexed
cyme-branches; bracts and bracteoles minute, deciduous. Calyx
1:5 mm., teeth short obtuse. Corolla and stumens not seen. Pod thin,
membranous, green, suborbicular apiculate and 1l-seeded, rarely oblong
and 2-seeded, slightly cuneate at the base, 2°5-4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,
2 mm. thick, finely puberulous, rather distinctly wide-reticulate
throughout, with a short but distinct stipe 4 mm. long.

New Guinea: Fly River, D’Albertis !

A very distinct species with the inflorescence of the group to which D. multi-
flora and D, Junghuhnit belong, but differing in the bracteoles not being persistent
and still more in foliage. Its nearest ally is D, Forbesii from Sumatra, a species
with much thinner leaves,

1901. ] D. Prain—The Astatic species of Dalbergia. 63

6. Triptolemesx Pseudoselenolobiex.

67. Da.BeRGIA PARVIFLORA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 (1814); Flor. Ind.
iii. 225 (1832); Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1.1. 132 (1855); Benth., Journ.
‘Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33 (1860); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi 2.
121, eacl. syn. D. Cumingiana Benth. (1897). D. Zollingeriana Mig.
Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 130 (1855). D. Cumingii var. Zollingeriana Beuth.,
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 32 (1860). D. corymbifera Bl. ex. Migq. lc.
(1855). Drepanocarpus Cumingii Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 336
(1877).

Burma: Tenasserim, Helfer 1808! Matava: Dindings, Curtis !
Pahang, Ridley! Perak, Wray 2525! Kunstler 1423! 5937! 6151!
Sumatra, Zollinger 3041! Teysmann 4440! Java, Blume (type of
D. corymbifera) ! Teysmann! Borneo; Sarawak, at Bintulu, Beccari
3601! at Sungei Mahan, Beccari 3585! at Santubong, Beccari 2149!
Celebes, Zollinger (type of D. Zollingeriana Miq.)! Halmaheira,
Teysmann 5668 ! Moluccas; Amboina, 0. Smith!

_ Possibly this is cultivated in Tenasserim. The original; ticket of 2 Helfer’s n.
1808 shows that it came from Tenasserim not the Andamans; it was found at the
3rd Camp from Tenasserim in clearings in a native garden,

This yields the Kayoe Lakka of commerce. Beccari describes it as a spiny
climbing shrub, the spines woody and branched. Its Malay name is Acor Berangan,
Old stems stripped of alburnum and dead are reddish (rosso-ciliegio) and are termed
Caju Lacca—used by the Chinese in their ceremonies with other odoriferous woods.
The opportunity of examining good specimens of Cuming’s n 1244in Herb. De
Candolle and of studying the fine suite of specimens of D. Cumingiana in Herb.
Kew has enabled the writer to see that the two species, though united by Mr.
Bentham, are very distinct.

68. Datpereia Cuminerana Benth., Pl. Junghuhn. 255 (1854) ;
Mig. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 1. 129 (1855). D. Cumingii Benth., Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. Suppl. 32, excl. var. Zollingeriana (1860).

Puiippines: Luzon, Cuming 1244! Vidal 735! Pili, Vidal 1255!
Catarman, Isd. of Samar, Vidal 255!

69. DatperctA Goperroyt Prain. A woody climber, branchlets
subdistichous, recurved, puberulous. Leaves 7-8 em. long, leaflets 6-9,
wide ovate, firmly papery, finely puberulous on both surfaces, base
rounded, apex rounded or slightly emarginate, 15-3 cm. long, 1-1:75
em. wide, rachis 4-5 cm. long and petiolules 2°5 mm. long puberulous.
Flowers in axillary, subsimple racemes forming terminal, leafy panicles,
rachis puberulous. Calyx campanulate, in fruit glabrescent or puberu-
lous, pedicels 25 mm. long, teeth subequal, obtuse, shorter than tube
except the lowest lanceolate about as long as tube. Petals and stamens
not seen. Pod obliquely subreniform, thinly woody, 2 cm. long, 1:25 cm.
wide, 4mm, thick, finely closely velvety externally, with a flattened

64. D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

stipe ‘O-1°25 cm. long, also velvety, and ovuligerous in its upper part.
Seed compressed, reniform, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide.

Sram: South-west of the Great Lake, Godefroy 288 !

A very distinct species, evidently belonging to the same group as D. Cumingiana-
and D. parviflora, but well-marked by its closely finely velvety pods.

70. Datpereta Beccaru Prain. A climbing shrub with slender,
terete, densely finely pubescent branches. Leaves sub-2-farious, 3-4 em.
long, leaflets 11-19, oblong, slightly emarginate at the apex, dark-green
above rather paler beneath, finely pubescent on both surfaces, 8 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide; rachis 3.5 cm. long and very short petiolules
pubescent; stipules lanceolate, 2 mm. long. Jlowers very minute,
secund, in small cymes in the lower leaf-axils, under 1 cm. wide; rachis
and pedicels puberulous ; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, very minute.
Calyx 1:5 mm. long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse, one-third as long
as tube except the lower acute three-fourths the length of the tube.
Corolla not seen. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary glabrous. Pod firm,
thickish, pale-brown, coriaceous, glabrous, 1-seeded, irregularly ovate,
apiculate, 1:25 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, 2°5 mm. thick, with a short but
distinct stipe 2°55 mm. long. Ormocarpum scandens Teysm. Mss. in Herb.
Beccari. |

Borneo: Sarawak, Kuching, Beccari 066! 1105! Kapuas, Teysmann
8254 !

71. Datpereta spinosa foxb. Hort. Beng. 98 (1814); Flor. Ind. iii.
226 (1832); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845) ; Benth., Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. Suppl. 49 eacluding citation Wight 798 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook f,
Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 238 eacl. ref. W. §& A. Prodr. (1876); Talbot,
Bombay List 75 (1894). D. horrida Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5877 (1832) ;
Drepanocarpus spinosus Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 337 (1877).

S. Inpia: Arcot, Gamble 18212! Madras, Heyne (Wallich, Cat.
5877 B)! W.Inp1a: Concan, coast, fide V'albof. BencaL: Sundribuns,
Kurz! Olarke! Ball! Heinig! Grifith 1811! Cuirracone: coast,
Roaburgh. Burma: Rangoon, Kurz 1762! Moulmein, Wallich !

III. Senenotosiom Benth.

7. Selenolobiexe Pseudodalbergariex.

72. DALBERGIA RENIFORMIS Rowb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor. Ind.
ili. 226 (1832) ; Wight, Icones i. 261 (1840) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. 11. 238 (1876). D. flexuosa Girah. in Wall. Cat. 5875 (1882) ;
Benth , Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl, 48 (1860). D. stipulata Wall. Cat.
5868 partly (1832). Drepanocarpus reniformis Kurz, For. Flor. Brit.
Burma 1. 336 (1877). , |

Assam: Smith (Herb. Rozxb.)! Silhet, deSilva! Clarke 42711!

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 65

Cachar, Prazer 149! Burma: Pegu, Kurz 1785! 2608! Brandis! Tenas-
serim, Oleghorn ! Falconer! Gallatly ! Beddome!

An original example of D. reniformis, so named by Roxburgh himself, is
preserved inthe Brit. Mus. collection. The stamens in this species are iso-
diadelphous.

8. Selenolobiexe Pseudosissox.

73. DALBERGIA FALCATA Prain, A climbing shrub; young branches
angular, rusty-puberulous, their bases beset with ovate-acute, sub-
coriaceous bracts 2°5 mm. long. Leaves 10-16 cm. long, leaflets 5-9,
_ the lateral ones approximate but hardly ever opposite, dark-green
above, pale beneath, glabrous above, finely sparsely adpressed-pubescent
beneath, chartaceous, ovate shortly abruptly acuminate, the terminal
7-8 cm. long, 83cm. wide, progressively smaller downwards, midrib
rather prominent beneath, secondary veins 6-8 pairs fine but distinct
beneath, as are the reticulations ; rachis 4'5-10 cm. long, and petiolules
3-4 mm. long glabrous; stipules lanceolate, slightly striate within,
pubescent externally, 8 mm. long. Flowers in axillary panicles 6-8 cm,
long, with spreading rusty-puberulous branches, bracts and bracteoles
deciduous, pedicels 2°5 mm. long. Calyx 3 mm. long, teeth lanceolate
except the upper, the lowermost as long as the tube. Corolla not seen,
Stamens monadelphous. Ovary rusty-pubescent. Pod finely puberulous,
at length glabrescent, rigid, falcate, not very greatly thickened, 1-2-
seeded, 3 cm. (when 2-seeded 5°5 cm.) long, 1:75 cm. wide, 6 mm. thick,
with a distinct, slender, puberulous stipe 8 mm. long, dark-brown when
ripe, with narrow grey lines alongside the ventral suture.

Borneo: Bintulu, Beccari 4027! Sarawak, Beccari 67 !

A very distinct member of the group to which D, reniformis and D. Kunstleri
belong.

74, Da.percia Konstiert Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 121
(1897) and 453 (1897).

Mataya: Perak, Kunstler 4736 ! 7067 !

This is obviously very closely related to D. reniformis but it has, if not always,
at least usually monadelphous stamens.

Oe ee nr’ aan

Jott 9

66 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ([No. 1,

V.—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Sir Grorar
Kine, K.C.1.E., LL.D., F.R.S., &e., late Superintendent of the Royal
Botanic Garden, Calcutta,

[Received April 2nd; Read June 5th, 1901. ]
No. 12.

The present contribution to these Materials is occupied exclusively
by an account of the Natural Order Myrtacez. In the sequence followed
in Hooker’s Flora of British India, which has been adopted in these
papers, this family ought to have immediately preceded Melastomaceex.
But, for reasons which are of no importance to any one besides the
author, the account of the latter order was prepared first and was pub-
lished in the eleventh of these papers. In the present paper 122 species,
belonging to 11 genera, are described. Six of these genera are re-
presented by only a single species; two of them by 2 species; one by 5,
one by 11, and the remaining one (Hugenia) by no fewer than 96 species.
The latter genus is a very perplexing one, from the fact that the species
resemble each other so closely. It is impossible to limit the genus by
really good well-marked characters, and it is equally impossible to
divide it into sub-genera by characters which do not break down.
Eugenia seems to be essentially a genus in the evolution of which an
extraordinary number of the successive forms have been preserved. I
have adhered to the arrangement of the species into the groups Jambosa ©
and Syzygium, although there are many species which might be referred
to either. Nobody can be more dissatisfied than I myself am with the
clavis of the species which I have prepared. In fact, while dealing with
this genus and with its literature, the belief has been forced upon me
that verbal descriptions are of very little use in identifying the species,
and that the only safe way of doing so is by comparison with authen-
tically named Herbarium specimens.

Order XLVI. MYRTACEA.

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, seldom alternate
or whorled, petioled, simple, entire, rarely denticulate or crenate,
3-nerved or pinnately-nerved and usually with an intramarginal nerve,
generally coriaceous, and dotted with pellucid glands. Stcpules if
present small and deciduous. Flowers regular, very rarely irregular,
hermaphrodite, or polygamous by abortion, axillary, solitary or in spikes
cymes corymbs or heads, naked or with an involucre, often with 2 bracts
at the base, white, pink, purple, or yellow, never blue. Calyx superior
or }-superior, limb 4-5-many-fid or -partite, persistent or deciduous,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 67

valvate or imbricate, sometimes entire or closed in bud. Petals inserted
on a disk surrounding the cavity of the calyx, equal in number to the
calyx-lobes and alternate with them, rarely 0. Disc lining the calyx-
tube, staminiferous at the margin. Stamens usually numerous, inserted
with the petals in several rows, rarely definite and alternate with the
petals; filaments free or more or less coherent at the base or in bundles
opposite the petals ; anthers small roundish, with parallel cells bursting
longitudinally. Ovary inferior or 3-inferior, crowned by a fleshy disk, 1-
celled with 1 or more ovules, or more usually 2-many-celled with many
ovules; placentation axile (parietal in Rhodamnia) ; style terminal rarely
lateral, smooth or bearded at the summit; stigma undivided. Fruit
usually crowned by the calyx-limb, either 1l-celled and 1-seeded by
abortion, or 2—many-celled with loculicidal dehiscence; or baccate and
indehiscent with the cells many-seeded or l-seeded by arrest. Seeds
angular cylindric or compressed ; testa hard or membranous, sometimes
winged ; albumen 0; embryo straight curved or spirally twisted, cotyle-
dons usually short and obtuse sometimes combined into a mass with the
radicle, very rarely leafy, radicle often thick. Distr1s.—Tropical and
sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres ; species upwards of 2800,

Tripe I. Leptospermex. Fruit capsular; leaves opposite or
alternate.
Leaves narrow.
Flowers few or solitary in the leaf-axils.
Stamens 10 or fewer, free, in a single series ; leaves

opposite aa ric cee 1. B#cCKEA,
Stamens numerous, free, in a single series; leaves yee
| nate ..:. vss .. 2, LEPTOSPERMUM.

Flowers in heads or spikes; ee Tae alternate ;

stamens numerous, slightly combined into bundles ‘

opposite to and longer than the petals oe «. oO MELALEUCA,
Leaves broad.

Flowers in axillary cymes; leaves alternate; stamens

indefinite, united into 5 bundles opposite to and shorter

than the petals aoe SS a «. 4,. TRISTANIA,

Tribe IJ, Myrtex. Fruit a berry; leaves opposite, often
gland-dotted.
Ovary I1-celled with 2 parietal multi-ovulate RIRC=nGaet:
flowers small; leaves 3-nerved from the base 5. RHODAMNIA.
Ovary 1-3-celled with 2 rows of ovules in each cell sepa-
rated by spurious partitions; flowers rather large; leaves
3- to 5-nerved at the base, seeds numerous ... ... 6, RHODOMYRTUS.
Ovary 5- (sometimes 4-) celled, with several ovules in dgak
ce]l, often with spurious partitions; seeds few; embryo
long and narrow with small cotyledons: flowers small and
numerous; leaves not 3-neryed _se.. ae ... % DECASPERMUM,

68 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Ovary 2-3-celled with several ovules in each cell, without
spurious partitions; embryo thick, fleshy; cotyledons
large radicle short; seeds few; stamens numerous .,. 8. HUGENIA,
Ovary 2-celled with numerous ovules in each cell; flowers
small, few, in small axillary inflorescences. Stamens 8:
otherwise as in Eugenia 7” va ... 9. PSEUDO-EUGENIA.
TRIRE JII, Lecythidex. Fruit hard and fibrous or fleshy, :
indehiscent ; leaves alternate, not gland-dotted.
Stamens all antheriferous, staminodes none; embryo un-
divided ; fruit angular, one-seeded = ... LO. BARRINGTONIA.
Inner stamens shorter and without anthers; embryo in-

volute ; the cotyledons leafy, plicate: fruit ovoid, several-
seeded vee se eee ass .» Ll. PLANCHONIA.

1. Backea, Linn.

Glabrous heath-like shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, pointed,
entire, with many pellucid glands. lowers 5-merous, rarely 4-merous,
axillary, peduncled, with 2 minutely bracteolate. Calya-tube widely
campanulate ; lobes 5, membranous, persistent. Petals 5, suborbicular.
Stamens 10 or fewer, shorter than the petals. Ovary in the single
Malay species 3-inferior, 2-3-celled, with several ovules in each cell.
Capsule bursting from above loculicidally. Seeds angular; embryo
straight with short cotyledons.—Distris. Species about 50, the greater
number Australian, a few in New Caledonia, one only extending into
India.

There are considerable differences in the stamens amongst the species referred
by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker to this Linnzan genus. Some of the species have
only 5 stamens, while others (like the solitary Indo-Malayan one) have 10 which
however are not unfrequently reduced to 8. There are moreover differences in the
shape of the anthers and filaments. The ovaries also in some have two and in
others three cells. On these and other characters more than a dozen genera were
founded by Schauer and others, but these have been advantageously reduced to

Beckea.

B&CKEA FRUTESCENS, Linn, Sp. Pl. 358. <A slender shrub with thin
wiry branches. Leaves linear, poiuted, ‘25 to *5 in. long and ‘06 in. broad. .
Flowers axillary, ‘08 in. in diam., usually solitary, in short peduncles.
Calyx with 5 rounded persistent lobes. Stamens 10 (or sometimes only
8). Ovary half-inferior. DC. Prod. III, 229: Sur. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
III, 260; Bot. Mag. t. 2802; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 69; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Vol. I. Pt. 1, 406; Suppl. 308; Benth, Fl. Hong-Kong, 118: Duthie
in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 463. B. Cumingiana, Schauer in Walp.
Rep. II, 920. B. chinensis, Gertn. Fruct. I, 157, t=. 31. B. sumatrana,
Bl. Mus. Bot. I, 69.

In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Distris.--Malayan Archipelago.

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 69

2. LeprospermMuM, Forst,

Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaves alternate,
entire, rigid, with 1-3 nerves or nerveless. Flowers solitary and
axillary, or 2-3 together at the ends of the branches, rarely peduncled,
‘sometimes polygamous; bracts broad, scarious, often imbricate, the
lower ones caducous. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or turbinate,
adnate to the ovary below, the free upper part broad; lobes 5. Petals
5, spreading. Stamens numerous, in a single series, not longer than
the petals ; anthers versatile, their parallel cells bursting longitudinally.
Ovary inferior or 3-inferior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, 5- or more-
celled, rarely 3- or 4-celled ; style filiform, inserted in a deep depression
of the ovary, sometimes short; stigma capitate or peltate. Capsule
usually exceeding the calyx-tube, opening loculicidally from above.
Seeds numerous, linear or winged, often sterile; embryo straight.
Distris.—Species upwards of 30, chiefly Australian, a few in New
Zealand and New Caledonia.

NOTE,

As in Beckea the species have been separated off into several genera which
have been reduced by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker.

LEPTOSPERMUM FLAVESCENS, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. III, 262. A
bush or small scraggy tree with thin, striate, 4-angled branches: the
young parts glabrous or sericeous, Leaves coriaceous, narrowly oblong-
lanceolate to oblanceolate, obtuse, often with a deciduous point, sub-
sessile; when dry distinctly dotted beneath and obscurely 3-nerved,
glabrous or silky on the midrib beneath and on the edges, from ‘4 to 1 in,
long and ‘1 to ‘3 in. broad. Flowers sessile or sub-sessile, about °5 or *6 in.
in diam. (when dry). Calya-tube glabrous or sericeous. Capsule much
depressed, surrounded by the calyx-tube, glabrous or hairy, 5-ridged,
pitted, opening by 5 valves, *25 to °30 in. in diam. (when dry). DC. Prod.
III, 227; Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. I, 189; Benth. Fl. Austral. III, 104.

This species is common and widely distributed in Australia and
has several well-marked varieties of which two occur in our region.

VAR. commune, Benth. Fl. Austral. IlI, 104. Young branches
leaves and calyx-tube glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves narrowly oblong
or linear-lanceolate, ‘1 to ‘15 in. broad. LL. flavescens, Bot. Mag. t.
2695. DL. amboinensis, Blume Bijdr. 1100: Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I,
68; DC. Prod. III, 229: Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 404; Duthie
in Hook, fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 464. LZ. polygalifolium, Salish. Prod. 350;
L. Thea, Willd. Spec. Pl. IJ, 949. LZ. porophyllum, Cav. Ic. IV, 17,
t. 330, fig. 2. Macklottia amboinensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I,
196. Myrtus amboinensis, Rumph. Herb. Amb. II, 77, t. 18.

70 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Matacca (on Mount Ophir); Grifith (K.D. 2339) ; Lobb, Stolickza,
Maingay (K.D.) 713. Kuepau, Ridley 5349. Distr1s.—Bangka, Amboina,
Moluccas, Borneo, Australia.

VAR. javanica. Young branches densely sericeous; calya-tube
glabrescent, occasionally very sericeous. Leaves obovate-lanceolate,
broadly obtuse, with long silky hairs on the margins and on the midrib
beneath. Flowers often crowded. L. javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 1100;
Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 68; DC. Prod. III, 229: Duthie in Hook. fil.
Fl. Br. Ind. II, 464. LZ. floribundum, Jungh. Java I, 578; Nat. en
Geneesk. Arch. Ned. Ind. II, 370; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. 1, 404.
Macklottia javanica, Korth. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 196.

Manacca: Griffith, Perak: Wray 330, 885, 3839: Scortechini
754: King’s Collector 7426, 7435. DistRis.—Sumatra, Java, Celebes,
Borneo. Burmah (a single specimen) at Moulmein; Lobb. This
variety is much commoner in the Peninsula than the former.

3. Menaevca, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, lanceo-
late or linear, flat or subterete, 1-3—many-nerved. Flowers in heads or
spikes, each sessile in the axil of a floral leaf, 5-merous; bracts deci-
duous. Calyx-tube subglobose ; lobes 5, imbricate or open, deciduous or
persistent. Petals 5, spreading, deciduous. Stamens numerous, more
or less united at their bases into 5 bundles opposite the petals ; anthers
versatile, the cells parallel and bursting longitudinally. Ovary inferior
or half-inferior, enclosed in the tube of the calyx; style filiform, stigma
small; ovules numerous. Capsule included in the calyx, dehiscing
loculicidally by 3 valves. Perfect seeds cuneate: embryo straight,
longer than the radicle. DistR1B.—Species about 130, almost all Austra-
lian, but one scattered in Asia.

MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON, Linn. Mant. 105. A tree often of con-
siderable size; the bark pale, thick, peeling off in papery layers.
Branches usually pendulous, slender. Leaves coriaceous, alternate,
narrowly oblong-elliptic, oblique or falcate, acuminate acute or obtuse,
narrowed below into a short petiole, with 3 to 5 or 7 vertical unastomos-
ing nerves; when young adpressed-hairy, when old glabrous: length
15 to 5 in.; breadth :2 to 1 in. Spikes 2 to 6 in. long; sometimes
interrupted, solitary, at first terminal but subsequently surmounted by
a leaf-axis, the rachis and calices glabrous or hairy: calyx-tube ovoid,
the lobes orbicular. Petals ‘1 to ‘15 in. in diam. Staminal bundles
under ‘5 in. long. Fruit about ‘2 in.in diam. Benth. Fl. Austral. IIT,
142: Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 61; Fl. Br. Burm,
T, 472; Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 465.

taer.| 6G: King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 71

Maracca: Singapore. Distr1p.—Malayan Archipelago, British
India, Australia. :

The following two varieties have been distinguished by Mr.
Duthie in Hooker’s Flora of British India.

var. Leucadendron; spikes glabrous. Linn. Mant, 105 and Suppl.

342; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 468; Roxb. FI. Ind. IIT, 397; DC. Prodr. III,

212; Wall. Cat, 3646 ; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 66; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 1,
401. Myrtus Leucadendron, Linn.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. II, 72, tt. 16,
17, f. 1.—Cultivated in India.

VAR, minor; spikes villous. M. minor, Sm. in Rees. Cycl. 23;
DC. Prodr. III, 212; Wall. Cat. 3645; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 67; Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 403. M. Cajuputi, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III, 394; W. & A.

‘Prodr. 326; Mig. Uc. 403. M. Leucadendron, Lam. Encycl. 641.

M. viridiflora, Geertn. Fruct. T, 173, t. 835; DC. Prodr. l.c. ; Wall. Cat. 3647.
M. saligna, Blume Mus. Bot. I, 66. M. Cumingiana and lancifolia, Turcz.
in Bull. Soc. Mose. xx. 164. M. saligna, Gmel. Syst. 793.—Rumph.
Herb. Amb. IT, 76.—This appears to be the plant from which the Cajuput-
oil of commerce is chiefly obtained.

4, Tristania, R. Br.

Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or crowded at the summit
of the branches, rarely opposite, coriaceous, glabrous. Flowers small,
yellow or white, in pedunculate axillary cymes; bracts deciduous or 0.
Calyx-tube turbinate-campanulate or open, attached below to the ovary ;
lobes 5, short, persistent, Pefals 5, imbricate, spreading. Stamens
numerous, shorter than the petals, usually united in 5 bundles and
opposite to them; anthers versatile, cells parallel and opening longitu-
dinally. Ovary inferior or $-superior, the apex flat or convex ; 3-celled ;
ovules many in each cell, suspended or horizontal. Cupsule loculicidally
3-valved. Perfect seeds few, linear, cuneate, or winged at the upper
part; embryo straight, cotyledons broad, longer than the radicle,
Distr1s.—About 22 species inhabiting the Malay peninsula and islands,
New Caledonia, and Australia.

Leaves sessile, sub-auriculate fe Bes we 1.) T. subauriculata,

. Leaves narrowed into a short petiole.

Cymes (with their peduncles) much shorter than the leaves.
Leaves oblanceolate or obovate-oblong; capsules globular.
Petals transversely oblong, entire, shortly clawed;

capsules ‘4 to ‘5in,indiam. ... 2. T. merguensis.
Petals sub-rotund, subentire, hea ; onpitiids °35 in, in
diam. <4. 3. I. Maingayi,
Leaves obovate; satel aioe, 23 in, igi: etala aah
rotund, their margins serrate sith we 4 -T. obovata,

Cymes (with their peduncles) longer than the eee . Oo. TT. Whiteana,

72 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ([No. 1,

1. TRISTANIA SUBAURICULATA, n. sp. King. A tree 10 to 40 feet
high : the young branches pale (when dry) puberulous or glabrescent.
Leaves very coriaceous, sessile, obovate-oblong, the apex broad, blunt,
emarginate or slightly pointed, gradually narrowed to the slightly-
auricled base: both surfaces glabrous, pale when dry, the upper shining,
the lower paler, dull, obscurely glandular: main-nerves spreading,
not prominent, *2in. apart, length 2°5 to 6 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2:5 in.
Cymes axillary, few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, dichotomous :
the peduncles ‘3 to ‘8 in. long, compressed, clothed, especially above,
with white silky hairs. Flowers *25 in. across. Calyx-tube tubular-
campanulate, densely pubescent below externally, the teeth broadly
triangular, blunt, short. Petals rounded, entire, glabrous. Stamens in
5 groups of 10 each. Ovary depressed-globular, glabrous. Capsule sub-
globular, glabrous, half-enveloped by the calyx, °25 in. in diam. Seeds
compressed, about 8 in each cell.

Perak: King’s Collector 7047, 8253.

This is allied to T. merguensis, bnt has broader leaves of much thicker texture
and sessile; shorter fewer-flowered cymes, and smaller flowers and fruit.

2. TRISTANIA MERGUENSIS, Griff. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for 1854,
p- 637. A tree. Young branches stout with pale bark when dry; the
youngest puberulous. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely
acuminate, narrowed to the very short or almost obsolete petiole ; main-
nerves ascending, distinct, ‘1 in. apart; both surfaces glabrous, the
lower dull, paler and obscurely glandular, the upper shining; length
3:5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°15 to 2 in.; petiole ‘1 to*2 in. Oymes on angular
peduncles ‘5 to 15 in. long, slightly supra-axillary, shorter than the
leaves, dichotomous, hoary-pubescent, especially towards the apex.
Flowers densely crowded at the ends of the branchlets, ‘25 in. in diam.
Calyx-tube densely clothed with white pubescence on both surfaces,
broadly cupular, tapered to the very short almost obsolete pedicel, the
teeth broad, rounded. Petals small, transversely oblong, shortly clawed.
Ovary pilose. Capsule sub-globular, large (‘4 in. in diam.), glabrous,
half-enveloped by the calyx ; its valves broad, blunt. Seeds compressed,
about 8 in each cell. Kurz, For. Fl. Burm. I, 473. “ Tristaniz affinis,”
Griff. Notul. 650: Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 636, f. 3. Melaleuca eugenisfolia,
Wall. Cat. 3648. M. decurrens, Wall. Cat. 3649, :

Mauacca: Finlayson, Harvey. Prax: Wray 2921, 4124; Scortechint
1021. Panana: Ridley 1062: growing at elevations of several thousand
feet. Distr1p.—Burma, Borneo.

3. TristantA Maincayi, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl, Br. Ind. II, 467.
A tree: young branches with brown bark (when dry) and covered with
deciduous white hairs. Leaves narrowly oblong-oblanceolate acute, much

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 73

narrowed to the short petiole; main-nerves spreading, less than -1 in.
apart, not conspicuous ; lower surface dull and glandular, slightly paler
than the shining upper: length 1°75 to 3°5 in. ; breadth ‘5 to 1:25 in.;
petiole ‘1 to ‘2 in. Oymes on angular peduncles ‘5 to 1°25 in. long,
axillary, shorter than the leaves, dichotomous, hoary; the flowers few,
crowded, ‘3 in. in diam., on very short pedicels. Calyz-tube broadly
cup-shaped, tapered to the base; the teeth shallow, broad, sub-acute.
Petals small, sub-rotund, sub-entire, hairy outside. Ovary pubescent.
Capsule large (‘35 in. in diam.) sub-globular, glabrous, enclosed in the
calyx except at the apex; its valves broad, blunt. Seeds winged, 9 or
10 in each cell.
Penang: Maingay (K.D. 769) ; Curtis, 238, 438.

I keep up this species with much hesitation. It appears to me to be a form of
T. merguensis with leaves and capsules smaller than usual.

4. TRIsTaniA opovatTa, R. Br. in Benn. and Horsf. Fl. Jav. 127,
t. 27. A large shrub: the young branches reddish-brown, rusty puberu-
lous. Leaves obovate, much contracted to the short petiole, the apex
rounded or retuse; both surfaces glabrous, the lower glandular and
paler: main-nerves spreading, about ‘i in. apart ; length 1°5 to 2°65 in. ;
breadth -6 to 1:2 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘4in. Cymes extra-axillary and
terminal, few-flowered, puberulous or glabrous, much shorter than the
leaves. Flowers ‘15 in. long, on pedicels shorter than themselves, often
in pairs. Calyz-tube turbinate ; the teeth rounded, short. Petals sub-
rotund with serrate margins. Ovary silky. Capsule ‘2 in. long, oval,
glabrous, much longer than the persistent calyx: its valves broad,
blunt. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 397.

Singapore: Ridley 5886.

5. Trisranta WaitTeEana, Griff. Pl. Cantor. 18. A shrub, the young
bark brown. Leaves oblanceolate, bluntly acuminate, much narrowed
to thé short petiole; both surfaces shining, the lower pellucid-punctate,
pale: main-nerves numerous (about ‘05 in. apart), sub-horizontal ;
length 3 to 5°5 in. ; breadth °75 to 1:75 in.; petiole ‘25 to 5 in. Cymes
on peduncles nearly as long as the leaves, corymbosely paniculate,
minutely pubescent, axillary and terminal, the bracts few and leaflike ;
bracteoles small caducous. Flowers numerous, on pedicels shorter than
themselves, ‘1 in. across. COalyzx-tube obconic, densely pubescent on
both surfaces, its teeth obsolete. Petals orbicular, glandular. Capsule
under ‘1 in. in diam., free from the calyx except at the base.
T. Wighttana, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 466. T. sumatrana,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 308. Hypericinea pimentifolia, Wall. Cat,
4828.

oe te 10;

a
74. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1.

Maracca: Griffith (K.D. 2340). Sincapore: Wallich, Lobb.
Penana: Walker 62. Distris.—Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

NOTE.

In Hooker’s Flora of British India T. burmannica, Griff. is said to have been
collected at Malacca. TI find however no specimens from that locality in either the
Kew or the Calcutta Herbarium ; and I therefore omit it here.

5. RHODAMNIA, Jack.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, hoary or pubes-
cent beneath. Hlowers rather small, pedicels short, sometimes shortly
fasciculate or in short lax racemes ; bracteoles small, deciduous. Calya-
tube ovoid or subglobose, not produced beyond the ovary; segments 4,
persistent. Petals 4, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series,
free; filiments filiform ; anthers versatile with parallel cells dehiscing
longitudinally. Ovary 1-celled with parietal placentas and many ovules;
style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry globose, crowned with the limb of
the calyx. Seeds few, reniform, globose or variously compressed, testa
hard; embryo horseshoe-shaped, radicle long, cotyledons very short.
Distris.—About 6 species; Australia, and Tropical Asia.

RHODAMNIA TRINERVIA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 79. A
small tree or a shrub: young parts and inflorescence often silky.
Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved ; upper
surface glabrous, reticulate; the lower glabrous or silvery pubescent ;
length 1:75 to 4°5 in.; breadth ‘75 to 2 in.; petiole -2 to ‘35 in.
Peduncles varying in length but always much shorter than the leaves,
axillary, l- rarely 3-flowered, minutely bracteolate near the calyx. F'rwit
globose, reddish, -2 to 3 in.in diam. Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng.
XLVI, Pt. 2, 63; For. Fl. Br. Burma J, 474: Benth. Fl. Austral.
III, 278; Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 468. Myrtus trinervia,
Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ITI, 280. Hugenia ? trinervia, DC. Prod. III,
279: Bot. Mag. 3223.

In all the Provinces except the Andaman Islands;common. Distr.
—The Malayan Archipelago and Philippines to Australia, Burma.

vaRk. concolor ; leaves green on both surfaces, sparingly pubescent,
peduncles 4-7- or fewer-flowered. . cinerea, Griff. Notul. 653, not of
Jack.; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. l.c. RR. concolor, Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat.
Suppl. I, 315. Myrtus smilacifolia, Wall. Cat. 3629.

vAR. spectabilis ; leaves silvery-white beneath or greyish when old,
flowers usually fewer, 2 or solitary. RB. spectabilis, Blume Mus, Bot. [,
78; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 479; Kurz lc. 2. cinerea, Jack.
in Mal. Mise. Monoxora spectabilis, Wight Ill. II, 12, t. 97, f. 5,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flova of the Malayan Peninsula. 75

R. Nageli, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 478. R. subtriflora and R, Mulleri,
dal, 7.¢., 79,

This species, being widely distributed, presents many forms several of which
have been described as species. ‘I'he above arrangement of these forms into two
varieties was first suggested by Kurz.

6. Ruopomyrtus, DC.

Small trees or tomentose shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved.
Flowers rather large, axillary. Calyx-twbe turbinate, oblong or sub-
globose, slightly produced above the ovary ; lobes 5, rarely 4, herbaceous,
persistent. Petals 5, rarely 4, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free, in
many series. Ovary 1I- 2- 3-celled with spurious partitions, or divided
into numerous l-ovuled superposed cells ; style filiform, stigma capitate.
Berry globose or ovoid, with few or numerous seeds not distinctly
superposed in rows. Seeds compressed, reniform or nearly orbicular,
horizontal, testa hard; embryo curved or spiral, radicle very long,
cotyledons small, Distris.—5 species, four of them inhabitants of H.

_ Australia, and one widely distributed over Tropical Asia, especially

throughout the Indian Archipelago, as far as China.

Ruyopomyrtus tomentosa, Wight Spicil. Neilgh. I, 60, t. 71, A
shrub 4 to 8 feet high: young parts tomentose. Leaves the lower
ternate, the upper opposite, elliptic to obovate, obtuse, sometimes
mucronate, 3-nerved, the under surface covered with soft white tomen-
tum, the upper glabrous: length 1°59 to 2°5 iu.; breadth °65 to 1 in. ;
petiole -1 to°15 in. Peduncles axillary shorter than the leaves, 1-3-
flowered, bracteolate close to the calyx. Flowers 5 to °75 im. across.
Calyx tomentose, with 5 unequal lobes. Petals downy, shortly clawed.
Berry about the size of a cherry, oval or sub-globose, dark-purple: pulp
abundant, sweet. Seeds compressed, forming 2 rows in each cell. Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 477; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 121; Duthie in Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 469; Trimen Fl. Ceylon. II, 166. Myrtus tomentosa,
Ait.; DC. Prodr. III, 240; Vahl Symb. II, 56; Blume Bijdr. 1081 ;
W.&A, Prodr. I, 328; Wight Ill, IT, 12, t. 97, f. 3, Ice. 522; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. II, 498; Wall. Cat. 3630; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk, Arch. I, 197.
M, canescens, Lour. Fl. Cochine, I, 31).

PrenanG, Matacca, Perak, Distris.—Malayan Archipelago. Hills
of Southern British India and Ceylon.

7. DercaspermMom, Forst.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate-nerved. Flowers
small, in axillary racemes, or in terminal leafy panicles, occasionally
polygamous, Calya-twbe campanulate, slightly or not at all produced

76 G. King—Matertals for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

above the ovary; lobes 4 or 5, spreading. Petals 4 or 5, spreading.
Stamens numerous in several series, free, filaments filiform; anthers
small, versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 4- or
d-celled with 2 or very few ovules in each cell; cells often divided by
spurious dissepiments; style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry globose,
crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds 8 to 10, reniform-sub-globose, testa
hard ; embryo horse-shoe-shaped or circular, with long radicle and short
cotyledons. Disrris —About 4 species in tropical Asia, Australia, and
the Pacific Islands. |

DECASPERMUM PANICULATUM, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI,
Pt. 2, 61: For. Flora. Br. Burma I, 475. A small tree, often 30 feet
high. Young parts and inflorescence minutely sericeous-tomentose,
Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, the base often narrowed, edges entire; main-
nerves about 10 pairs, spreading, not prominent ; upper surface glabrous :
the lower paler and reddish, glandular, midrib always pubescent on
the lower and always on the upper; length 1°25 to 3°5 in. ; breadth
‘4.to lin.; petiole ‘1 to ‘3 in. Panicles axillary and shorter than the
leaves, or terminal and longer than the leaves; bracts small and
deciduous, or leaf-like and permanent. Flowers ‘2 to ‘3 in. in diam.,
often polygamous. Petals white, pubescent inside. Calya-tube more or
less clothed with white hairs; the lobes roundish or sub-acute, hairy
or glabrous. Style exserted. Berry globose, about ‘1 in. in diam. Duthie
in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 470. Nelstris paniculata, Lindl. Collect. Bot.
under 16; DC. Prod. III, 231; Wall. Cat. 3627; Wight Ill. II, t. 97,
fig. 10. Icon. 521; Benth. Fl. Austral. II], 279. N. polygama, Spreng.
Syst. II, 488; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1,197. WN. pallescens,
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat, Suppl. 314. Hugenia polygama, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
92; Fl. Br. Ind. II, 491. 2H. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 3627. Memecylon
acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 4105 ; Syzygium vimineum, Wall. Cat. 3593 B.
Hirzxa Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3566 F.

In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
common. Disrris.—Malayan Archipelago, Burma, Khasia Hills, Sikkim
Terai.

Various other forms to which specific names have been given appear to me to
be reducible here. The Wallichian examples in Herb. Calcutta of Wall. Cat. 3593
B and 4105 belong in my opinion to this species.

vaR. Finlaysoniana, Duthie l.c.; leaves sub-coriaceous, panicles
shorter than the leaves, few-flowered, calyx densely tomentose, its lobes
rounded : stamens nearly equalling the petals. N. polymorpha, Blume
Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 75, t. UX. Hirzea Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat.
7363.

= ow,

OO

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 77

8. Euacenta, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, smooth or rarely tomentose or setose. Leaves
opposite rarely alternate, coriaceous or membranous, pinnate-nerved.
Inflorescence centripetal with solitary axillary flowers, or in short racemes
or centrifugal in dense terminal or axillary cymes or in terminal or
lateral trichotomous panicles. Bracts usually small and deciduous.
Calyx-tube globose or more or less elongate, 4- or 5-lobed or sub-truncate.
Petals 4 or 5, free and spreading or connivent calyptrate and caducous.
Disc lining the calyx-tube, staminiferous at the edge. Stamens numer-
ous, in many rows, usually combined in 4 or 5 bundles; filaments
slender; anthers small, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
inferior, 2- rarely 3-celled ; ovules many in each cell; style filiform,
stigma small. Fruit inferior, crowned by the remains of the calyx,
pulpy, rarely dry. Seeds few, oblong or globose, often compressed,
testa membranous or cartilaginous, albumen none or very scanty ;
embryo thick, fleshy. Disrris.—About 650 species chiefly in tropical
America and Asia; a few in tropical Africa and Australia.

Sect. I. JamBosa. Flowers usually 4-merous, often large. Calyx clavate,
funnel-shaped or sub-globose, its staminal disc often thickened and its month with

4-persistent often thickened lobes crowning the fruit. Petals free, Berry pulpy;
seeds large.

Leaves large—
Leaves with their main nerves under 20 pairs, bold, the
reticulations inconspicuous, mostly from 8 to 14 in. long
(except in Nos. 8, 9 and 10)—
Flowers 1 inch or more across—

Leaves on very short inconspicuous petioles, auricled\ .
hae 2. EH. Perakensis.
at the cordate base, often amplexicaul ‘ d
3. £. javanica.
Leaves neither cordate nor amplexicaul but narrowed § 4. E. Jambos.
at the base
Flowers half an inch or at most three quarters of an
inch across —

Leaves glabrous—

1. E. formosa,
5. EL. malaccensis.

6. E,pseudo-formosa.
Young branches sub-terete or compressed ... 7. E. papillosa.
8. E. densiflora,

9. E. plumbea.
Young branches 4-angled ae ak ... 10. EB. Scortechinii,

Leaves hairy beneath ; flowers in terminal panicles 11. E. mollis.
Leaves 8 to 16 in. long, with very numerous (more than
20 pairs) of bold distinct sub-horizontal main nerves ;
flowers half an inch or more in diameter—

12. BE. quadrata.
13. E. scalarinervis.

Reticulations of leaves distinct ... Mes hs |
14, EH. pergamentacea.

78 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Reticulations of leaves faint tps Sa aye eas 1S. Be as
16. E. Hemsleyana.
Leaves small—
Leaves 2'5 to 8 in. long (longer in No. 19)
Flowers in terminal spreading panicles—
(17. E. pachyphylla.
AL 118. E. lepidocarpa,
Leaves obovate, oblanceolate, or broadly elliptic igs!
119. B. garcinifolia.
(20. E. crenulata.
(21. E. grandis.
| ‘
Leaves oblong, ovate or elliptic, tapering slightly seme Thamag:
ilaei- ana . be } { 23. HE. Griffithii.
: ive | 24, HE. Clarkeana.
(25. E. corrugata.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic (some-
times broadly elliptic in EF. pyrifolia) much narrowed
to. each end, the apices sometimes candate-acuminate —
las E. pendens.
27. E. Burkilliana.
| 28. EH. Helferi.
29. EH. Kurzii, var.
t :
Flower-bnds clavate ... sg ssh ‘i! hi andamantea.
30. E. anisosepala,
| 31. E. Gageana.
32. E. Hullettiana.
33. E. chlorantha.
laa E. penangiana.
(35. BE. Ridleyi.
36. E. pyrifolia.
Flower-buds globular, not clavate 197 B lineata.
(38. E. cymosa.
Flowers in small axillary or terminal racemes or in lax |
racemose few-flowered panicles ~
( 39. E. conglomerata,
40. HE. urceolata.
41. EH. glauca.
: ; 42. E. subrufa.
buds globular or slightly elongated ... Pig
RE A ie aad P 143. EB. Duthieana.
/44, E. polyantha.
45. H. Manit.
bigs E. caudata.
Flower-buds and flowers much elongated eee ade He eae Safi tee
48.. EB. andamanica.
Flowers in dense short terminal or axillary glomeruli

or cymes—
Flowers not conspicuously bracteolate—
Flower-buds globular

49. E. Hoseana.

i

1901.) G. Kine—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 79

( 50. #. Benjamina,
dl. EH. variolosa.
| 6 Any
52, HE. claviflora.
| 53. E. zeylanica.
i E. grata.

Flower-buds much elongated

55. H. tecta.
Flowers in conspicuously bracteolate dense clusters, Bar TP ariel
: ptera.
branches 4-angled aes eve Maa ai << (55. Bh. polite,

Sect. II. Syzycium. Flowers 4- or 5-meronus, usually small: the calyx obovoid,
turbinate or clavate, its staminal disc rarely thickened, the mouth 4- or 5-toothed
or lobed or sub-entire. Petals more or less connate, much imbricate and calyptrately
deciduous. Berries small, sub-globose or oblong, often with little pulp.

Flowers panicled, their buds ‘2 in. or more in length (less
in E. nigricans and E. expansa), clavate, always narrowed
into a long pseudo-stalk—
Leaves more than 2 inches long—
Main-nerves of leaves under 25 pairs, distinet—

(59 HE. valdevenosa.
ea : Oe ; 59. EH. oblongifolia,
Panicles large, lax, spreading, mostly terminal a {60 erty ee
zontalis.
61. EH. Valetoniana.
Panicles short, both axillary and terminal ... oe 2, E. expansa.
63. E. chloroleuca.
fs E. nigricans.
65. E. inophylla.
66. EH. oblata.
Nerves of leaves very numerous, close together and J 67. E. Bernardi.
. equally distinct or often all obscure __... a ... | 68. EB. Prainiana.
| 69. H. Pearsoniana.
(70 #. leveaulis.
: Gi E. Goodenovii.
Leaves 2 inches or less in length, rarely as much as 2°5 in.—
Glabrous—
Fruit oblong... a EY pa one . 72, E. linocieroidea.
73. EB. myrtifolia.
Fruit globose or sub-globose ... cy a ie fs E. Stapfiana.
75. E. Wrayi.
Setose aes a Ae ot ki sh 76. E. setosa.
Flowers numerous, less than ‘2 in. long, in terminal or
axillary panicles, oblong or clavate, tapered gradually to
the base, rarely narrowed into a short pseudo-stalk, all
withoat a true pedicel except sometimes the terminal ones
of the branchlets.
77. E. inasensis.
Leaves obtuse or sub-acnte .,, sak sp os ses 78. E. subdecussata.
79. E. punctulata,

80 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

{ 80. B. bracteolata.
81. EH. venulosa.
Leaves obtuse or sub-acute... a4 naa pace aaa
* 83. EH. microcalyz.
84. E. scoparia.
| 85. H. myriantha.

(86. E. verecunda.
87. E. pseudo-subtilis
VAR. sub-acuminata.
| 88.E. Swettenhamiana.
| 89. BE. acuminatissima.
90. E. Kunstleri.
191. #. pustulata.
92. H. Koordersiana.
93. E. simulans.
(94. E. Curtisii.
Flowers small, numerous, in short much-branched spread- - 95. E
B
E

Leaves more or less acuminate

. operculata,
. nicobarica.
. Jambolana.

ing cymose panicles mostly from the scars of fallen leaves, 2 96.
globular or nearly so, narrowed gradually to the base or \ 97.
abruptly contracted into a short pseudo-stalk,

1. Eucenta Formosa, Wall. PI. As. Rar. II. 6, t. 108: Wall. Cat, (in
part) 3609. A tree, 20 to 30 feet high : young branches almost terete,
with pale bark. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong,
much tapered to the acute apex, sometimes in threes ; the base rounded,
slightly cordate ; upper surface pale, olivaceous (when dry), the lower
paler; both quite smooth; main-nerves 12 to 20 pairs, rather strong,
ascending, rather straight, interarching ‘2 to ‘3 in, from the edge ; length
8 to 12 occasionally to 18 in.; breadth 3 to 5in.; petiole about ‘2 in.
Flowers about 2 in. across (excluding the stamens), pale rose-coloured,
on pedicels ‘3 to ‘o in. long, bracteolate near the apex, in fascicles of
three (occasionally solitary), usually from the branches below the
leaves but sometimes terminal. Calyx-tube *6 to ‘75 in. long, clavate-
turbinate, smooth ; the 4 lobes broad, rounded, unequal, ‘5 in. broad and
about half as long. Petals ‘5 in. long, almost orbicular. Filaments more
than 1 in. long, very numerous, spreading. Fruit as large as a small
apple, globose, contracted towards the base, crowned at the apex by the
spreading calyx-lobes, white, smooth, 2-seeded, the pulp rather scanty.
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 471; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2,68; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 492; Wight Ill. II,
14. Jambosa formosa, Walp. Rep. Bot. Il, 191; Blume Mus. Bot. I,
92; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 412. J. mappacea, Korth. in Ned.
Kruidk. Arch. I, 200. 2H. somarangensis, DC. Prod. III, 286.

Perak: King’s Collector 6254; Scortechini.

Only a few specimens of this are to be found from our area in the Herbaria at

Kew and Calcutta, and they have all oblong-lanceolate leaves. In British India
the form with ovate-oblong leaves is the commoner.

1901.1 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 81

2. EUGENIA PERAKENSIS, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 50 to 70 feet
high: young branches as thick as a swan-quill, brown when dry. Leaves
coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, the apex sub-acute, narrowed gradually to
the cordate, slightly oblique base ; upper surface olivaceous when dry,
the lower pale-brown; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, ascending, curving a
little and interarching ‘2 to ‘4 in. from the edge, very prominent on the
lower surface, faint on the upper ; intermediate nerves and reticulations
slender but distinct ; length 12 to 18 in.; breadth 5 to 8 in.; petiole 3
in. very stout. Flowers 1 in. or more across, in fascicles of 6 to 8 from
depressed tubercles on the smaller branches, on peduncles *5 in. long.
Oalyxz-tube campanulate, °5 in. long, contracted into a pseudo-stalk at its
junction with the peduncle: the mouth with 4 broad, rounded lobes
less than 1 in. long. Petals orbicular, longer than the calyx-lobes.
Fruit unknown.

‘Para: King’s Collector 5595.

A species only once collected and the specimens have no fruit; somewhat

. resembling 2. macrocarpa, Rox., but with smaller flowers and larger leaves.

3. Evuaenra savanica, Lamk. Dict. III, 200. <A glabrous tree, 25 to
35 feet high : young branches terete, pale-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
elliptic-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, the apex acute or subacute,
slightly narrowed to the rounded (sometimes slightly cordate) base ;
both surfaces pale-brown when dry: main-nerves slightly conspicuous
on the lower surface, 8 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, interarch-
ing about ‘1 in. from the edge; length 4 to 8 in.; breadth 1°75 to 3°5
in.; petiole ‘1 to °2 in. Flowers 1 in. or slightly more in diam. (exclud-

ing the stamens) white, in axillary or terminal lax pedunculate few-

flowered corymbose racemes: peduncle of racemes from 1 to 1:25 in. in
length; pedicels of flowers *4 to ‘6 in. long. Calyzx-tube clavate-
turbinate, smooth, ‘35 to ‘5 in. long, tapering into a short pseudo-stalk,
the 4 lobes broad, unequal, rounded, blunt, concave. Petals obovate-
orbicular, larger than the sepals. Filaments slender, about ‘75 in, long.
Fruit when quite ripe depressed-turbinate, about 1°5 in. long and 2 in,
broad at th® apex, pale-yellowish, 1- or few-seeded, the endocarp spongy.
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 474; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLV, (1877), Pt. 2, 69; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 494. EH. alba, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 39; Fl. Ind. II, 493; Wall. Cat. 3612A, 3614 all the
numbers. Jambosa alba, Rumph Herb. Amb. I, 127, t. 39; W. & A.
Prodr. I, 332; Wight Ill. II, 14; Ic. t. 548; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1,
443 (in part). J. samarangensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I, 201;
Blume Mus. Bot. I, 95. Fambosa macrophylla, DC. Prod. III. 286 (in
part). Myrtus samarangensis, Blume Bijdr. 1084. Jambosa insignis,

- Bl. Mus, Bot. I, 100. Jambosa ambigua, Bl. Mus. Bot. I, 96.

oe it. LE

aly

eP-S

82 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Maiacca: Griffith 2352, Maingay 748, Hervey. Sincarore: Ridley
8931. ANDAMAN and Nicorar islands (very common). Drstr1n.—Jaya,
Zollinger, 2nd Journey 808, etc.; Timor Laut, Forbes 334; New Guinea
and many of the other islands of the Archipelago.

Distinguished in the group by its shortly petiolate leaves and pedunculate lax*
racemes which are often terminal.

vAR. Roxburghiana, Duthie in Fl. Br. Ind. II, 475; leaves almost
sessile, cordate and amplexicau] at the base, the apex rounded. £. decora,
Wall. Cat. 3608.

4, Evernia JAmpos, Linn. Sp. Pl. 47. A shrub or small glabrous
tree : young branches more or less four-angled, pale-brown, rather slender.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to each end, the
apex acuminate (sometimes almost caudate) the base more abruptly
narrowed to the petiole ; both surfaces pale-olivaceous when dry; the
main-nerves distinct on the lower, 10 to 14 pairs, slightly curved,
ascending, interarching in a rather faint nerve ‘1 in. inside the edge,
the secondary nerves rather distinct, one (sometimes two) between
each pair of primaries ; length 4 to 7 in. ; breadth 1 to 1°6 in. ; petiole ‘25
in. Flowers 2:5 to 3 in. in diam., in few-flowered terminal racemes shorter
than the leaves, the pedicels ‘3 to ‘4 in. long. Calyz-tube turbinate,
‘5 in. long, te lobes 4, broad, short, reflexed, Petals much larger than
the calyx-lobes, obovate-rotund, about ‘5 in. long; filaments 1'5 to 2 in.
long, shorter than the style. Fruit ovoid or globular, 1°5 to 2 in. long,
dull-yellow tinged with pink, smooth, endocarp fleshy and edible,
crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes. Seeds one or two. Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. I, 494; Wall. Cat. 3615; Wight Ill. II, 14;
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, II, 474. Brandis For. Fl. 233; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. (1877) Pt. 2, 69; For. Fl. Brit.
Burm. [, 495. Jambosa vulgaris, DC.; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 93; W.
& A. Prodr. I, 332 ; Bot. Mag. 3356; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt..1, 425;
Wight Ic. 435. Myrtus Jambos, Kunth; Korth. in Ned. Krnidk.
Arch. I, (1846), 200 ; Blume Bijdr. 1085.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. I, 123;
Rheede Hort. Mal. I, 27, f. 17.

Cultivated in most of the provinces : perhaps wild in Perak; Scorte-
chint ; Maingay 735, Cultivated also in British India.

Readily distinguished in this section by its narrow leaves attenuated to each
end and few-flowered terminal racemes,

5, HUuGeNnrIA MALACCENSIS, Linn. Sp. Plantar. 470. A glabrous tree, 30
to 40 feet high ; young branches almost terete (slightly compressed) with
pale bark. Leaves coriaceous, with short but distinct petioles, narrowly
elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, the apex more or less suddenly
acute, the base much tapered to the petiole: when dry the upper

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83

surface olivaceous the lower pale-brown: main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs,
slightly curved upwards, interarching to form a marginal nerve ‘1 in. to
‘15 in. from the edge ; length 6 to 11 in.; breadth 1:75 to 3 in.; petiole
‘3to 5 in. Flowers 1 to 1°5 in. in diameter, in sessile or shortly peduncu-
late fascicles of three from the branches below the leaves. Calyx-tube
obconic about °5 in. long, tapering into the quarter inch long ebracteo-
late pedicel; calyx-lobes 4, broadly rounded, coriaceous, not reflexed.
Petals orbicular, with a broad claw, the edges thin, about ‘4 in. in diam.
(when dry). Fruit about the size of a hen’s egg, obovate, turbinate to
elliptic-ovoid, smooth and glossy, from pale-rose-coloured to dark-pur-
ple, crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes, edible. Seed usually solitary.
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. India, II, 471; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 483 ;
Wall. Cat. 3611; Wight Ill. II, 14, t. 98; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2,68; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 493. H#. macrophylla,
Lam. Encye. III. 196. Jambosa malaccensis, DC. Prod. III, 286 ; Korth.
in Ned. Kruidk. (1847), 200; Bot. Mag. 4408; W. & A. Prodr, I, 382.
J. purpurascens, DC. Ic. excl. syn. Roxb. J. domestica, Rumph. Herb.
Amb, I, 121, t. 37 (not good) and 38, f.1; DC. lc. 288; Blume Mus.
Bot. I, 91; Mig. FL Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 411. Myrtus macrophylla,
Spreng. ; Blume Bijdr. 1084. M. malaccensis, Spreng.; Blume /c. 1083.
—Burm. FI]. Ind. 114; Rheede Hort. Mal. I, 29, t. 18.

-Doubtfully wild in any of the Provinces, but frequently cultivated
as it also is in Burma, the Malayan. Islands and British India.

The variety with very dark purple ovoid-elliptic fruit was described
as a species by Roxburgh and has the following synonymy :—LHugenia
purpurea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. II, 483; Wight Ill. II, 14;
Te. II, 549. Jambosa purpurea, Wall. Cat. 3610. J. domestica, var.
purpurea, Blume Mus. Bot. I, 92; Mig. l.c—dJ. nigra, Rumph. Amb.
125, t. 38, fig. 1 ?

6. HuGentaA psEUDO-FoRMOSA, Kine n. sp. A glabrous shrub;
young branches slender, sub-terete, compressed near the nodes, pale.
Leaves sub-coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acuminate, slightly
narrowed to the rounded base; upper surface olivaceous-brown when
dry, the lower pale yellowish-brown; main-nerves 14 to 20 pairs,
curving upwards, interarching *15 to ‘25 in. from the margin; length 7
to 12 in.; breadth 3 to 5 in.; petiole ‘l or ‘2 in. long, or absent. Flowers
white tinged with red, sessile in densely crowded fascicles or very
condensed cymes at the apices of the branches, ‘6 in. in diam., the buds
globular. Calyx *4 in. long; the tube cylindric-campanulate, the
mouth with 4 broad blunt lobes becoming hardly triangular. Petals
orbicular. Style 1:5 in. long. Stamens and fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray 1809, 3581; King’s Collector 3401, 5889, 6254;
Scortechini. Singapore: Ridley 9520.

ie King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

A species resembling EZ. formosa in its shrubby habit arid its leaves; the latter
are however thinner in texture and they have more numerous nerves. The flowers
of this are however sessile fasciculate and much smaller in size. Wray 3688 and
Ridley 9628, which has its clavate flower buds in very short racemes, is probably a
form of this species. EH, samarangensis DC. much resembles this but has its flowers
in small racemes or panicles.

7, Evoenia parittosa, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. II, 495.
A tree 40 to 50 feet high: young branches stout about as thick as a
goose-quill, terete, brown, those of the inflorescence 4-angled. Leaves
coriaceous, somewhat amplexicaul, oblong-elliptic sometimes obovate-
elliptic or lanceolate, subacute or blunt, narrowed to the cordate auricu-
late sub-amplexicaul base; upper surface smooth, shining, dark-olivace-
ous or blackish-brown ; under surface reddish-brown; main-nerves 16
to 20 pairs, curving slightly upwards and interarching ‘1 to ‘2 in. from
the edge, very prominent on the lower surface like the mid-rib, in-
conepianays or depressed on the upper; length 8 to 12 in.; breadth 3
to 5 in.; petiole less than ‘1, very thick. Panicles pedunculate, crowded
at the apices of the youngest shoots or axillary, shorter than the
leaves: the branches mostly short, divaricate, scurfy like the branch-
lets. Flowers (the stamens included ) ‘6 in. long, sessile and collected in
globose-clavate bracteate heads of 5 to 8 at the apices of the branchlets ;
the bracts oblong, blunt, deciduous. Culy# ‘35 in. long, funnel-shaped,
narrowed above the middle to a pseudo-stalk: the limb wide and
with 4 broadly triangular, unequal, reflexed, blunt lobes. Petals orbicular,
three times as long as the calyx-lobes, not much shorter than the
stamens. Fruit unknown. JL. anacardifolia, King MSS.

Matacca; Manigay (K.D.) 737; Holmberg 873. Sincavore: Ridley
3829. Perak: Scortechini ; King’s Collector 2813, 5869, 8475.

8. HuGENrIA pENSIFLORA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 473.
Shrubby, occasionally arboreous, glabrous: young branches compressed,
pale-brown. eaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-oblong, acuminate,
the base cuneate, both surfaces glabrous, shining, finely reticulate, the
upper olivaceous (when dry) the lower pale-brown; main-nerves 12 to
20 pairs, slender but distinct on both surfaces (when dry), ascending
slightly, curved and interarching °3 to ‘4 in. from the edge, a second
series of short arches being interposed between these and the margin ;
length 5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1°75 to 2'5 in.; petiole °35 to ‘5 in. Panicles
terminal, many-flowered, compact; the branchlets numerous and few-
flowered. Flower-buds clavate, about 5 in. long just before expansion.
Flowers about ‘75 in. across, white, much tinged with red. Calyx-tube
funnel-shaped, °3 to ‘4 in. long, jointed to a stout pedicel shorter than
itself ; the 4 lobes, ‘15 in. long, unequal, broad, rounded. Petals much
larger than the calyx-lobes, sub-orbicular, much shorter than the

,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 85

stamens. Fruit as large as a cherry, rose-coloured, globular, with a
tough smooth epicarp, the apex crowned by the large calyx-lobes. Seed
one, rarely two. Jambosa densiflora, DC. Prod. III, 287; Korth. in Ned.
Kruidk. Arch. JI, 200; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 93; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I,

Pt. 1, 416. Myrtus densiflora, Blume Bijdr. 1087. Hugenia corymbosa,

Roxb. FI. Ind. IIT, 497 ; Wight Ic. 627.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 760/1 762/2 (? 758). Perak: King’s
Collector 738, 43855, 4682, 5721, 5855, 5868, 7065, 8102, 10940; Scor-
techini 149, 743; Wray 544. Sincarore: Ridley 356, 5072. Panane:
Ridley 2646. Penance: Curtis 3431. Disrris.—Sumatra, Java.

A very handsome species somewhat resembling HL. Jambos, L. but distinguished
by its dense terminal panicles of flowers which are individually smaller than those
of that species, also by its broader leaves, and smaller fruit; allied to EH. pendens,
Duthie and EL. garcinifolia, King.

9. HEuGEenIA pPLUMBEA, King n. sp. A_ glabrous tree; young
branches only as thick as a crow-quill, 4-angled, with dark bark. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat narrowed at the
base ; both surfaces of a dull leaden colour when dry, the upper shining,
the lower dull; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, prominent on the lower,
depressed on the upper surface ; length 3 to 4in.; breadth 1 to 1°5 in. ;
petiole Lin. Flowers about °75 in. in diam., greenish-white, in terminal
or axillary shortly pedunculate racemes of about three. Calyx ‘6 in.
long, campanulate or widely funnel-shaped, suddenly contracted just
above its insertion on the short pedicel ; the mouth wide, divided into
four broad, rounded segments ‘15 in. long. Petals rotund-reniform,
longer than the calyx-teeth, shorter than the stamens. fruit unknown,

Pprak: on Gunong Pateh, elevat. 3400 feet; Wray 479,

A species resembling this has been collected in Borneo by Mr. Ridley (Herb.
Ridley 9071).

10. HEucenia Scortecurinit, King n. sp. A glabrous shrub or tree:
young branches thicker than a crow-quill, boldly 4-angled, winged below

the nodes. Leaves scantily pellucid-dotted, sub-coriaceous, ovate-oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, acute rarely acuminate, narrowed to the rounded

occasionally minutely cordate base; both surfaces brown when dry, the
lower paler; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, prominent on the lower surface,
curving upwards, and joining to form a bold nerve -2 in, from the
edge, between which and the edge is a second series of minute arches;
length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1:35 to 2°35 in.; petiole *15 in. sometimes
absent. hacemes terminal and in the upper leaf-axils, corymbose,
condensed, very much shorter than the leaves, 3- to 9-flowered. Flowers
pale-red, with some yellow in the centre, about ‘65 in. in diam., on very
short pedicels. Calyx shortly and widely campanulate, -4 in. long,

86 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

smooth, the mouth with very broad short unequal lobes, very little
contracted at the base. Petals red, orbicular, longer than the calyx-
lobes, much shorter than the stamens. Fruit broadly oblong, the apex
truncate and crowned by the thick, deep, cup-shaped calyx, about ‘5 in.
long, the base abruptly contracted into a short pseudo-stalk.

PERAK: Scortechinit 649; King’s Collector 4734, 7801, 10076.
Mauacca: Manigay (K.D.) 736.

This resembles EL. diospyrifolia, Wall., but that species has long-stalked flowers,
with a narrower calyx-tube, and the nervation of the leaves is different. This also
resembles H. coarctata, Blume, which however differs in having pale terete young
branches and larger leaves, and EH. xmula, Blume, from which it differs in the
number of the nerves of the leaves and in its thicker young branches. From
E. macrocarpa, Roxb., this differs in its much thinner quadrangular branches and
much smaller flowers and fruit.

VAR. parvifolia ; leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, only from 3 to
6 in. long and ‘8 to 1°25 in. broad.
Perak: King’s Collector 3348, 10437.

1]. Hvucenta moniis, King n. sp. A hairy shrub or small tree: young
branches slender, pale-brown, 4-angled like the rachis and branches of
the panicle but not winged, covered with short, thick, brown hairs.
Leaves sub-coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, the apex finely acuminate,
slightly narrowed to the rounded, slightly cordate base ; upper surface
pale olivaceous-brown, subglabrous ; the lower darker and everywhere
covered with hairs like those on the young branches and inflorescence ;
length 8 to 12 in.; breadth 1°75 to 4 in.; petiole ‘1 to ‘2 in. Panicles
terminal, shortly peduuculate, nearly as long as the leaves ; the branches
spreading and more or less trichotomous at their extremities, Flowers
numerous but not crowded, about ‘5 in. across when expanded. Calyz-
tube ‘4 in. long, clavate, densely and minutely scurfy-hairy tapering
much to the short pedicel; the mouth ‘3 in. across, divided into 4
subequal rounded lobes about ‘1 in. long, their edges thin and glabrous.
Petals orbicular, white, much longer than the calyx-lobes. Fruit ovoid-
globose, crowned by the cupular calyx, covered with deciduous scurt-
like hairs, ‘6 in. long. !

Perak: King’s Collector 2686, 2808, 5572, 8387; Wray 2372.
Distris.—Sumatra, Forbes 1475.

12. Evcenra quapratTa, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 20 to 30
feet high: young branches as thick as a goose-quill, acutely 4-angled
and narrowly winged, pale-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly
oblong, much acuminate, slightly narrowed and cordate at the rounded
base ; upper surface pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower darker
brown and often not olivaceous ; main-nerves 20 to 25 pairs, slender,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 87

distinct, interarching ‘1 in. from the margin ; the reticulations minute ;
length 8 to 10 in.; breadth:1°75 to 2°75 in.; petiole very short ‘05 in.
long. Oymes very short, glomerulate, 3-flowered, pedunculate, solitary
and axillary or in groups of 3 or 4 and terminal, about 2 to 3 in. long ;
their peduncles compressed, 1 to 1°5 in, long. Flowers white, about
75 in. in diam.: calyx-tube 5 in. long, widely campanulate, suddenly
contracted into a long pseudo-stalk, epedicellate ; calyx-lobes 4, unequal,
broad, rounded, only *1 in. long or less, reflexed. Petals orbicular, much
larger than the calyx-lobes. Stamens slightly exceeding the petals.
Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 5547.

In shape and nervation the leaves of this somewhat resemble those of H. mollis,
King.

13. EvGenia SCALARINERVIS, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 20 to 30
feet high : young branches nearly as thick as the little finger, slightly
compressed, pale. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, sub-acute, the base
rounded and cordate ; upper surface brown slightly tinged with oliva-
ceous (when dry), the lower much paler ; main-nerves 22 to 30 pairs,
very prominent on the lower and depressed on the upper surface, curving
very slightly upwards and interarching ‘15 in, from the margin, the
intermediate nerves rather distinct, the reticulations few and large;
length 10 to 14 in.; breadth 5 to 7 in.; petiole about ‘3 in., stout,
wrinkled when dry. Flowers in much contracted few-flowered terminal
racemes, 1'5 in. or more across. Calya-tube magenta-coloured (fide
collector), smooth, ‘75 in. long, contracted at the base into a pseudo-
stalk -15 in. long and jointed to a pedicel *15 in. long; the mouth
wide, divided into 4 broadly-triangular teeth *15 in. long. Petals
unknown. Style about 1 in. long, the stamens shorter. Fruit (unripe)
globular-ovoid, crowned by the large, wide-tubular, 4-lobed calyx-limb
‘75 in. long.

Perak : King’s Collector 8200; Ridley 3095.

The specimens of this very fine species are scanty and imperfect. It is
distinguished by the great size of its leaves and by the large number and the
prominence of their sub-horizontal nerves.

14. EUGENIA PERGAMENTACEA, King n.sp. A tree ?; young branches
terete, as thick asa quill, pale-brown. Leaves chartaceous-coriaceous,
narrowly elliptic-oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base
cuneate ; upper surface when dry shining and of a dull leaden-colour ;
the lower brown, both finely and transversely reticulate ; main-nerves
28 to 32 pairs, very regular, straight, slightly ascending, interarching
‘15 in. from the margin, prominent on the lower, depressed on the

upper surface; length 12 to 16in.; breadth 4 to 6 in,; petiole 5

88 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

in., laterally compressed. Panicles 3 or 4 inches long, solitary in the
leaf-axils or in groups of 2 or3 at the apices of the branches; the
branchlets few, short, spreading, bearing 3 or 4 flowers at their apices.
Flowers ‘6 in. in diam. ; depressed globular in bud. Calyx-tube shortly
and widely campanulate, suddenly contracted into a psendo-stalk *1 in.
long : the teeth 4, short, unequal, rounded, inflexed. Petals 4, orbicular-
ovate, pellucid-dotted, not much longer than the stamens, free. Fruit
globular, smooth, crowned by the short calyx-cup, 1 in. in diam., black
when dry. Syzygium subdecussatum, Wall. Cat. 5589 in part.

PENANG: Curtis 1440.

Since the time of Wallich who issued it along with his Syz. subdecussatum
this has been collected by Mr. Curtis only. The elongate leaves of parchment-like
texture with many straight very regular nerves and short panicles and globular
fruit distinguish it.

15. Eugenia Dyeriana, King n. sp. <A tree, 40 to 50 feet high;
young branches as thick as a goose-quill ; young branches terete below,
compressed near the apex, dark-brown. Leaves thickly coriaceous,
elliptic, (oblong in the variety), slightly narrowed at each end; both
surfaces dark-brown when dry and shining; the upper with midrib and
main-nerves impressed, the reticulations invisible; the lower of a
warmer brown colour, the main-nerves and midrib (but not the reticu-
lations) very bold: main-nerves 13 to 20 pairs, slightly curved, ascend-
ing, interarching ‘1 in. or more from the recurved edge; length 7 to 9
in.; breadth 3°5 to 5 in.; petiole ‘4 to ‘6 in.; short. Panrcles narrow,
few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, terminal or from the
upper leaf-axils, usually pedunculate: branches few, short, spreading,
much compressed, the flowers crowded at their apices. Flowers ‘4 in.
across when expanded, sessile, obovoid in bud. Calyx campanulate,
‘*3 in. long, abruptly constricted into a very short pseudo-stalk, the
mouth wide and with4 small rounded lobes. Petals 4, free, not calyp-
trate, orbicular. Stamens white, only ‘25 in. long. Fruit (unripe)
globular, smooth, crowned by the small, short, circular remains of the
calyx, ‘75 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechini 2018; Wray 2094; King’s Collector 6196, 6404,
6767.

vAR. oblonga ; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic, 4 to 8 in.
long and 1:25 to 2°75 in. broad; panicles nearly as long as the leaves.

Perak: King’s Collector 7669.

A species near EH. Clarkeana, King, but with larger leaves with more nerves,
larger flowers but smaller panicles.

16. EvGgenra Hemsteyana, King n. sp, A tree, 30 or 40 feet high :
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, the bark yellowish-grey.

1901.| G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 89

Leaves large, rigidly coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and
bluntly acuminate, slightly narrowed at the base; both surfaces, but
especially the upper, dark when dry, the upper shining with the nerves
impressed, the lower somewhat paler, dull and the nerves prominent;
main-nerves 20 to 25 pairs, slightly curved upwards and interarching
‘1 to ‘2 in. from the edge : length 6 to 9 in.; breadth 3 to 3°5 in. ; petiole
*3 to °35 in. stout. Panicles mostly on long 4-angled striate peduncles,
terminal, shorter than the leaves, crowded in groups of 6 to 8 at the
apices of the twigs; branches few, a long one often from the very base,
the remaining short (mostly under one inch), all compressed, and each

bearing at its apex a dense capitule of sessile flowers °3 or ‘4 in. across.

Calyx ‘15 in. long, campanulate, contracted and ribbed at the base but

not forming a pseudo-stalk; the mouth with 4 broad, rounded, concave

teeth. Fruit (unripe) globular with numerous bold vertical ribs, the
apex crowned by the calyx-lobes.

Perak: Wray 1803; King’s Collector 6114, 8697.

The species nearest to this is EH. pergamentacea which HORVOVEr has larger leaves,
fewer panicles and considerably larger flowers.

17. EvuGenia PACHYPHYLLA, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. XLII,

Pt. 2, 332. A glabrous tree: the young branches slender, terete, pale-

yellow when dry. Leaves coriaceous, obovate to obovate-oblong, the apex
abruptly and broadly apiculate, the base cuneate; upper surface oliva-
ceous-brown when dry, the lower pale-brown: main-nerves 12 to 15

pairs, slender but distinct on the lower surface, spreading, slightly

eurved and interarching about *1 in. from the margin, length 3:5 to 5
in, ; breadth 2 to 225 in.; petiole 2 to 3 in. Flowers ‘3 in, in diam.,
in Padumeulate ee cae ened corymbose racemes or panicles axillary or
clustered at the apices of the branches, the common peduncles 1 to 1°5
in, long, those of the branchlets (in the panicles) half as long, all

‘4-angled, the flowers themselves sessile at the apices, the buds globose-
clavate. Calyx in the expanded flower *4 in. long, widely funnel-
shaped, suddenly contracted into a cylindric tube, the 4 lobes of the

mouth about *2 in. long, broad, rounded. Petals sub-orbicular, larger

than the calyx-lobes, Stamens *4in. long. Fruit unknown. Kurz For,

Fl. Br. Burma I, 490; Duthie in Hook. fil. F]. Br. Ind. II, 477,
Matacca: Grifith (K.D.) 2371/1: ee pe (K.D.) 742, Distris.—

Burma, Brandis 1337.

A species poorly represented at Kew and Calcutta: recognised by its obovate
leaves, pale yellow branches, and few-flowered, pedunculate, corymbose_racemes or
panicles,

18. Barn LEPIDOCARPA, Wall. Cat. 3618. A glabrous tree, 40

to 50 feet high: young branches greyish, terete, Leaves coriaceous,
J. 1%, 32

90 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, rarely obovate-oblong, the apex blunt
with a short abrupt point, or sub-acute, the base slightly cuneate, both
surfaces deep-olivaceous brown the upper somewhat shining, the lower
dull: main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather straight, slightly ascending
and interarching with an intramarginal nerve close to the edge, not
conspicuous.on either surface: length 3 to 4°5 in.; breadth 1:75 to
2°75 in. ; petiole 3 to 5 in. Panicles mostly in clusters at the apices of the
branches, pedunculate, or shorter than the leaves; branchlets 4-angled,
spreading, few-flowered, the flowers sessile, or nearly so, clustered at
the apices, ‘25 to 3 in. in diam. Calyx clavate-rotund, about ‘2 in. long
just before expansion, vertically ribbed, tapering to the base; the lobes
4, unequal, less than ‘1 in. long, broad. Petals rotund, larger than the
calyx-lobes. Fruit globular-ovoid crowned by the cupular calyx, verti-
cally: ribbed, ‘4 in. in diam. (unripe). Duthie in Hook. fil, Fl. Br. Ind.
II, 466; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2,68. LH. grandis,
Wight var. lepidocarpa, For. Fl. Br. Burma I, 490. |

SINGAPORE: Ridley 1643, 4633, 4657, 4972, 6307, 6308, 8408;
Wallich 3618; Walker; Hullet; King. Matacca: Griffith 2369, 2376,
2373, 2369, 2416 : Maingay 725, 757, 759; Hervey ; Derry. PERAK:
Wray 415, 3907, 3914, 3908 ; King’s Collector 10042. Distris.— Burma,

A species in many respects roseiatined E. grandis, Wight, but with smaller
less shining leaves with fewer nerves and broader in proportion to length: shorter
panicles, smaller flowers which moreover are mostly sessile, a smaller, ribbed
fruit.

19, EvGenra GARCINIFOLIA, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 60 to 80
feet high ; young branches slender, compressed, 6-ridged, brown. Leaves
thickly coriaceous, elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, the apex with a short
abrupt point, slightly narrowed to the sub-acute or rounded base, the
edges recurved when dry: both surfaces (when dry) shining, conspi-
cuously reticulate, pale-olivaceous brown, the upper rather the darker,
main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather prominent beneath, interarching
irregularly ‘2 to °3 in. from the edge, some of the secondary nerves as
prominent as the main ones; the reticulations minute but distinct ;
length 5 to 10 in.; breadth 2 to 35 in.; petiole °2 to‘3 in. Panicles
terminal, spreading, 3 or 4 in. across and scarcely as much long, Flowers
probably ‘on thick striate pedicles ‘25 in. long. Calyx narrowly campa-
nulate, ‘5 in. long, the mouth with 4 unequal, short, rounded teeth.
Petals orbicular. Stamens unknown. Fruit (young) globular-ovoid,
crowned by the 4 triangular calyx-teeth.

PERAK: King’s Collector 4541, 6974. Sumatra: Scortechini 365.

A species allied to E. densiflora, Duthie, but with a less dense inflorescence and

larger flower-buds, The leaves of this moreover are larger and thicker, the reticu-
lations more marked and the edges recurved, 1 '

i

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 91

20. EUGENIA CRENULATA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. IT, 490,
A glabrous tree: young branches as thick as a goose-quill, terete, brown.
Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-rotund, the apex rounded
but with an abrupt short apiculus, the base cuneate; -both surfaces
(when dry), shining, the numerous reticulations and nerves distinct,
the intramarginal nerve very close to the thickened and slightly crenate
edge ; under surface rather remotely black-pustulate ; length 4 to 5 in.;
Peeadih 2°5 to 4 in.; petiole ‘3 to 6 in. Panicles terminal, nearly as
long as the leaves shinies in bud, (sometimes longer), corymbosely tricho-
tomus, many-flowered ; the peduncle and branches 4-angled, compressed,
the nodes and the insertions of the flowers with minute bracteoles,
Flowers (including the stamens) ‘4 in. long, sessile. Petals 4, calyptrate.
Calyx ‘2 in. long, campanulate with a truncate mouth, contracted for
half its length into a pseudo-stalk. Fruit unknown.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 739. Sincapore: Ridley 6232.

Recognisable at once by its crenate leaves; only twice collected and evidently

_. rare. The Singapore specimen has thinner leaves and more slender longer panicles

but, in other respects, it agrees with the Malacca one.

21. Eugenia Granpis, Wight Ill. II, 17: Ic. t. 535. A glabrous
tree, 30 or 40 feet high: young branches terete, dark-brown. Leaves
thickly coriaceous, ovate-rotund to ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, the
apex rounded with or without an abrupt short blunt point, or sub-
acute or acute, the base always narrowed to the petiole: both surfaces
shining ; and the upper olivaceous, the lower brown when dry: main-
nerves 12 to 14 pairs, curving ppwanie very slightly and interarching, with
an intermarginal nerve ‘1 to ‘2 in. from the edge: the secondary nerves
and lax reticulations slender but distinct like the main ones on both
surfaces, length 3°5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°75 to 4in.; petiole *4 to ‘65 in.
Panicles mostly clustered at the apices of the b inantion! more than
half as long as the leaves, on peduncles 6 to 1:25 in. long; the branches
spreading, an inch or more long. Flowers sessile at the ends of the
branches, 35 to ‘45 in. in diam. when expanded; the buds just before
expansion clavate-rotund, ‘5 in. long. Calyx clavate, tapered. to, the
short pedicel, °35 to °5 in. long, smooth, the 4 lobes concave, orbicular,
about ‘2 in. long, two much larger than the others. Petalsof the same
size and shape as the calyx-lobes. Filaments ‘35 in. long. Lipe fruit
oblong-ovoid, 1:5 in. long, crowned by the cup-shaped calyx-limb,
i-seeded. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. India I, 475; Kurz in Journ, As.
Soc. Beng. XLVI, (1877), Pt. 2, 67; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 489.
E. firma, Wall. Cat. 3603; not of DC, LH. cymosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
37; Fl. Ind. II, 492; not of Lam. Jambosa grandis, Blume Mus. Bot. I,
108. J. firma, Blume lc, J. urceolata, Korth. in Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I,

92 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. },

Pt. 1,418 in part. Syzygium grande, Walp. Repert. IT, 180; not of
Wall. Cat. 3554. §. firmwm, Thwaites Enum. 417. 8. montanum,
Thwaites l.c. 116.

Matacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371; Maingay 730,
723. Sincapore: Ridley 4633; Hullet. Lanaxawrt: Ourtis. Prnane:
Curtis 7515. Distris.—British India in Burma, Chittagong, Sylhet and
Assam.

A species easily recognised by its thick glossy reticulate leaves, large (mostly)
terminal panicles with large flower-buds and ovoid-cylindric smooth frait crowned
by the cup-shaped calyx-lobes.

Included under this both by Duthie in the Flora of British India and by Trimen
in his Flora of Ceylon, isa Ceylon plant (Thwaites C.P. 2694 which he named
8. insigne). This plant has quite the leaves of E. grandis, but the flower duds are
much larger and if flowers and fruit were available it would probably turn out to be
specifically distinct. H. grandis, Wight, is allied closely to E. lepidocarpa, Wall.

22. Hucenta THumra, Roxb. var. PENANGIANA, King. A medium-
sized tree; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill ; the
bark rough, brown. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceo-
late, sub-acute or bluntly and very shortly acuminate, the base cuneate;
both surfaces dull ; the upper dark leaden-brown, the nerves and midrib
impressed ; lower surface dark-brown, the nerves and midrib promi-
nent ; main-nerves 15 to 20 ree curving upwards, interarching *1 in.
from the edge ; length 4 to 5 in.; breadth 1:8 to 2 in.; petiole ‘3 to ‘5
in. Panicles nearly as long as fd leaves, terminal and axillary, pedun-
culate, lax; the branches numerous, spreading, 4-angled like the pedun-
cle, the smaller compressed. lowers ‘35 in. Jong (including the
stamens), sessile, white, crowded, 5 or 10 together at the apices of the
ultimate branchlets, clavate in bud. Calya funnel-shaped, narrowed for
half its length into a ribbed pseudo-stalk, the mouth with 4 broad,
suborbicular lobes. Fruit unknown.

PenanG: Curtis 2410.

This differs from the typical FE. Thwmra, Roxb., in having narrower leaves with
fewer nerves and rather shorter panicles the branches of which are more acutely

4-angled. Fruit of this is unknown: when found it may yield characters warrant-
ing the separation of this as a distinct species.

23. Eucrnia GrirFitHit, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 481.
A tree, 50 to 80 feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,
their bark brown and rather rough. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or
narrowly elliptic, narrowed about equally at base and apex, both
surfaces dark-brown when dry, shining; main-nerves 15 to 20 pairs,
spreading, rather straight, interarching ‘1 in. from the edge, depressed
on. the upper and prominent on the lower surface, reticulations small,

indistinct ; length 4°5 to 6 in,; breadth 2 to 2'5 in.; petiole 2 to ‘3 in.

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 93

Panicles small, racemose, in clusters of 6 to 8 at the apices of the
branches, few-flowered, unequal in length but all shorter than the leaves
and on more or less long, compressed, dark-coloured peduncles; the
branches few, unequal in length but all under an inch, compressed ;
flowers in threes, sessile at the apices of the branchlets, the buds
clavate. Calyx campanulate, ‘25 in. long, constricted for more than
half its length into a thick pseudo-stalk: the mouth with 4 broad,
rounded lobes. Petals 4, orbicular not calyptrate. Jruit (unripe)
globular-ovoid, slightly corrugated, crowned by the small circular
remains of the calyx.

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2375. Perak: Wray 2713; King’s
Collector 6192. Sincarore: Ridley 4980, 4981, 7951.

24, Hucenta Crarkeana, King, n. sp. A tree 30 to 50 feet high ;
young branches as stout as a quill, terete, compressed near tlie nodes,

brown. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, very shortly acumin-

ate, gradually narrowed from about or below the middle to the acute
base; upper surface dark-brown, shining, not reticulate, the nerves
faintly impressed ; lower liver-coloured, rather dull, with numerous small
pustules, the 12 to 16 pairs of curved main-nerves slightly prominent,

the intramarginal nerves about °1 in. distant from the slightly recurved
edge, reticulations invisible ; length 4°5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1°75 to 3 in. ;

petiole -3 to ‘35 in. Panicles mostly terminal, shorter than the leaves,
pyramidal, with many 4-angled, often compressed branches. lowers
sessile, in densely crowded capitules at the apices of the branchlets,
about ‘35 in. across when expanded, white. Petals 4 or 5, free, broadly
oblong, not calyptrate. Calyx widely campanulate, nearly ‘2 in. long,

constricted at the base, rugulose ; its mouth with 4 broad, shallow, blunt

lobes. Fruit globular and 1-seeded or depressed-reniform and 2-seeded,
vertically corrugated when young, rugulose when ripe, shining, black,
crowned by the small circular remains of the calyx ; the globular form
°75 in. or more in diam., the reniform form about 1 in. long and 1°35 in.

‘broad ; pulp none.

Perak: Scortechini 205; King’s Collector 3349, 3491, 3573, 6822,
7811. .

Allied to E. Grifithit, Duthie, but with a single large terminal panicle instead

-of a number of small ones and with smaller flowers.

25. Evgenia corrucata, King n. sp. A tree, 30 to 60 feet high ;
young branches terete but compressed at the apices thinner than a
goose-quill, brown. Leaves as in EH. Clarkeana, but the main-nerves

not depressed on the upper surface, Panicles terminal, short and few-

branched ; the branches terete. Flowers not seen. Fruit globular,
much corrugated and vertically ridged, especially towards the base and

94 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

apex, depressed-globose, the rind ‘25 in. thick, when fully ripe, greenish-
yellow, and 2 to 3 in. in diam.

Perak: King’s Collector 5298, 6987.

26. HUuGENIA PENDENS, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 475.
A small tree with pendent branches: young branches compressed,
slender, brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, pellucidly dotted, narrowly
oblong-elliptic or elliptic, occasionally somewhat oblanceolate, the apex
shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces
olivaceous when dry: main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, slender, ascending,
slightly curved, interarching ‘2 in. from the margin, secondary nerves
and reticulations indistinct; length 5 to 7 in.; breadth 1:4 to 3 in. ;
petiole ‘3 to 35 in. Panicles terminal, about 2 in. in diam., condensed,
the branchlets about 5-flowered. f'lower-buds globose-clavate, *5 in.
long just before expansion. Flowers when expanded nearly °5 in,
across. Calyx-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, jointed to a pedicel shorter
than itself: lobes short, rounded, subequal, reflexed. Petals orbicular,
longer than the calyx-lobes. Stamens ‘75 in. long. Fruit depressed-
globular, green flushed with red, smooth, crowned by the short reflexed
calyx-lobes, 1 in. in diam. | :

Mauacca: Griffith 2349 ; Maingay 747; Hervey. JoHore: Ridley
4200. Sincarore: Ridley 8048, 8447. Prax: Scortechini 1809, 2021 ;
Wray 3537. Punane: Ridley 10242. Distr1s.—Sumatra, Forbes 1377.

A species allied to #. densiflora, Duthie, but with leaves of thinner texture,
with fewer nerves and no dots. The panicles are also much shorter, fewer-flowered,
and the flowers are smaller,

27. EHucenta Burxiuiiana, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 60 feet high;
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, brown. eaves coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces
(when dry) shining, pale brownish-green, the upper pitted, the lower
with black dots, the edges slightly recurved; main-nerves 10 to 14
pairs, ascending and forming wide arches ‘1 to ‘15 in. from the edge,
between which and the actual edge is a second intramarginal nerve,
the secondary nerves and connecting reticulations almost as prominent,
‘all thin and equally visible on both surfaces, all raised: length 2°25
to 3'5 in, ; breadth °9 to 1:25 in.; petiole ‘35 to'5 in. Panicles terminal,
‘sessile, many-flowered, broader than long, much branched, their tops
broadly pyramidal, usually somewhat shorter than the leaves: branches
thick, striate, 4-angled, slightly compressed. Flowers ‘7 in. long includ-
ing the stamens, reddish before expansion, afterwards white, sessile, in
_threes at the ends of the branchlets, clavate in bud. Calyw ‘35 to ‘4 in.
long, striate, funnel-shaped, its lower half gradually narrowed into a

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 95

pseudo-stalk: the mouth with 4 broad, rounded, shallow lobes. Petuls
orbicular, not calyptrate. Fruit unknown.
Perak: Wray 2785, 3070; King’s Collector 4719, 6186.

A species near £, oblongifolia, Duthie, but differing in its leaves, which are of
‘the same colour on each surface and have more distinct nerves and reticulationg
equally visible on both surfaces. The mouth of the calyx too is different, being
deeply 4-lobed.

28. Evaenra Hetrert, Duthie in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 480.
A considerable tree: young branches indistinctly 4-angled, as thick as

‘a crow-quill, with pale-brown deciduous bark. Leaves narrowly elliptic,

tapered to each end, the apex obtusely and shortly acuminate, the base
cuneate; both surfaces finely reticulate, pale olivaceous-green, the
upper the darker: main-nerves about 12 pairs, faint, interarching close

‘to the edge: the eee nerves very faint; length 2°5 to 3-25 in.;

breadth 1 to 1:25 in.; petiole ‘2in. Panicles terminal, solitary, spread-
ing, about half as ae or sometimes quite as long as the leaves, the

branchlets spreading, their bark exfoliating. lowers in threes at the
ends of the branchlets, about °5 in. across; buds clavate. Calyzx-tube
funnel-shaped, ‘2 in. long, attenuated at the base to a pedicel *2 in. long,

the 4 lobes of the mouth unequal, short, broad, rounded. Petals broadly
orbicular, much longer than the calyx-lobes and half as long as the
stamens, bearing large pellucid glands on the exterior like the calyx-

tube. Fruit unknown.

Penane: Curtis 212. Sincapore: Lobb, Perak: King’s Oideiker
4181, Disrris.—Burma (Tenasserim) Helfer 2418.
Closely allied to FE. ramosissima, Wall., but with smaller flowers.

29. Evuaenta Kurzu, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 478.

‘VAR. ANDAMANICA, King. <A tree: young branches as thick as a crow-

quill, terete, the bark very pale. Leaves thickly membranous, oblong-

elliptic, the base cuneate, the apex shortly caudate-acuminate; upper
‘surface pale-olivaceous brown when dry, shining, remotely pitted, the

main-nerves faint: lower surface paler brown, not olivaceous, the 10 or
12 pairs of main-nerves rather bold, arching upwards and interarching
‘15 to ‘2 in. from the edge; length 4°5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1°85 to 2:25 in.;
petioles ‘3 to'4 in. Punicles from the axils of the upper leaves, or
terminal, shorter than the leaves, often broader than long, spread-
ing, many-flowered; the branches 4-angled, pale. Flowers mostly in

threes at the ends of the branchlets, -6 in. long (including the stamens).

Calyx ‘15 in, long; widely campanulate, narrowed into a thick pseudo-
stalk as long as itself; the mouth wide, with 4 broad, rounded, reflexed
teeth. Petals 4, free, sub-orbicular, reflexed. Stamens four times ag
long as the calyx. Fruit unknown.

96 G, King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

ANDAMAN IsuanDs, at Hobdaypore; King’s Collector.

This differs from typical EZ. Kurzii in having narrower more acuminate leaves
and longer stamens. The young branches moreover have paler bark. Fruit is as
yet unknown, but when found it may afford characters to warrant specific rank for this,

30. EUGENIA ANISOSEPALA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, II, 481.
A large tree: young branches terete, thinner than a goose-quill, brown,
smooth. Leaves coriaceous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate,
the base cuneate, both surfaces (when dry) dark-brown, the upper
shining and with the nerves rather faint; the lower paler brown, the
12 to 14 pairs of curved main-nerves rather distinct, interarching ‘1 in.
from the edge, the secondary nerves somewhat distinct; length
2°5 to 3'5 in.; breadth 1 to 1:75 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘25 in. Punicles
terminal, corymbose, usually shorter than the leaves, the branches
numerous, spreading, rather crowded, 4-angled, the peduncle compressed.
Flowers ‘5 in. long (including the stamens), sessile, clavate in bud, in
threes at the apices of the branchlets. Calyx ‘3 in. long, campanulate-
infundibuliform, its lower half contracted into a pseudo-stalk ; the limb
with 4 unequal, broad, rounded lobes (two being larger and sub-petaloid).
Petals 4; not calyptrate. Fruit unknown. JL. anisosepala, Duthie in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 481 in part. :

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2380, 2381. Maingay (K.D.) 754, -753
(in part). Matacca: Derry 289.

Mr. Duthie remarks that the Griffithian specimens abaxe quoted differ some-
what from those of Maingay inasmuch as they have smaller flowers. With these
Mr. Derry’s single specimen agrees. Maingay’s specimens have a much larger more
spreading panicle, with smaller flowers, The material is very poor and I think: it is
likely that, when more is forthcoming, it will be found that two species are mixed
under the name E. anisosepala, Duthie.

31. Eucenta GaGeAna, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 50 feet high :
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, compressed at the
nodes, brown (when dry). Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate,
bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface dull-brown, the
midrib thin and depressed, the main-nerves faint: lower surface paler
brown, the midrib thick and the reticulations and secondary nerves
numerous and distinct; the main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, curving up-
wards and interarching *1 in. from the edge: length 5 or 6 in.; breadth
1:5 to 2°25 in.; petiole ‘25 to °3 in. Panicles terminal, about half as
long as the sakes, sessile, corymbose, many-flowered, branching from
the base; branches stout, spreading, obtusely 4-angled. Flowers sessile,
in threes at the apices of the branchlets, globose-clavate in bud.’ Calyz
narrowly campanulate, rather abruptly narrowed into a pseudo-stalk
‘about ‘05 in. in length. Fruit unknown. |

Perak: King’s Collector 7563.

a ad

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 97

32. HucentA Horietiana, King n. sp. A tree, 20 to 25 feet high ;

_ young branches thicker than a crow-quill, terete, brown. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, with an abrupt, broad, short, apical
acumen, the base cuneate, the edge slightly recurved; upper surface
somewhat shining, dull-olivaceous ; the lower tinged with brown ; main-
nerves numerous, about ‘1 in. apart, rather straight, curving upwards
at the ends only and there interarching less than -05 in. from the edge,
faint on the upper surface and only slightly conspicuous on the lower,
the midrib depressed on the upper surface convex on the lower: reti-
culations almost invisible on the upper, not prominent on the lower
surface; length 3:25 to 4:5 in. ; breadth 1:5 to 2 in.; petiole ‘3 to
‘4,in. Panicles axillary and terminal, as long or nearly as long as the

leaves, rather lax, pedunculate; the branches few, spreading, 4-angled,

compressed. lowes pale-green, (the stamens white), in groups of
three, sessile at the ends of the branches, about ‘5 or ‘6 in. long
(including the stamens), clavate in bud. Calyx about ‘25in. long,
funnel-shaped, the lower two-thirds cylindric and vertically ribbed ;
the mouth wide, divided into four broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4 sub-
orbicular, reflexed, free. Fruit unknown.

Perak : King’s Collector 7470. Distris.—Sumatra, Ridley 8973.

A species resembling in many respects H. glauca, King, but with larger flowers
and differently veined leaves.

33. HEUGENIA CHLORANTHA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487.
A small glabrous tree: young branches thin, dark-brown, sub-terete.
Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, the apex shortly and abruptly
acuminate, the base cuneate, both surfaces olivaceous-green when
dry : main-nerves numerous, interarching less than ‘1 in. from the edge,
thin but distinct, the secondary nerves and reticulations also
distinct : length 4°5 to 6 in.; breadth 2 to3 in.; petiole ‘3 to ‘35 in.
Panicles much shorter than the leaves, axillary and terminal, diva-
ricate, many-flowered, condensed, trichotomous, the branchlets com-
pressed, 4-angled, short. Flowers *3 in. in diam. (excluding the sta-
mens), sessile, clavate. Calyx ‘35 in, long, contracted into a thick, ridged
pseudo-stalk for more than half its length, the mouth with 4 short
thick, broad, rounded, spreading or reflexed lobes. Petals orbicular,
greenish, not calyptrate. Fruit sub-globular, smooth, crowned by the
prominent reflexed or spreading calyx-teeth, ‘3 to 4 in. in diam.

Matacca : Griffith (K.D.) 2385 ; Maingay (K.D.) 733. SINGAPORE :
Ridley 445, 3910, 5823, 9220. Panana: Ridley 1096. Prnane: Curtis
180, 1448; Ridley 7957, 7952, 10190. JoHorE: Ridley 9181. Perak :
King’s Collector 1277, 4082, 4220, 4076, 6765, 5619, 7511, 8535. Disrrip,
—Sumatra, Forbes 3098.

J. uw. 18

98 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Although the petals of this are greenish, the stamens are of a brilliant red
colour and as these are more permanent than the petals the specific name is some-
what misleading. There are however some specimens in which the petals are
distinctly stated by the collector to be red. |

In the Herbarium the species is readily recognised by the large persistent
spreading calyx-lobes which crown the fruit and by the greenish colour of the
leaves.

34, EUGENIA PENANGIANA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 486.
A slender glabrous tree, 40 to 80 feet high: young branches sub-terete,
ribbed, those of the inflorescence 4-angled, all pale when dry. Leaves
coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate rarely oblanceolate, obtusely
acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces yellowish when dry, the
lower slightly paler ; nerves numerous spreading not prominent on either
surface; length 2 to 3 in. rarely 4 in.; breadth *75 to 1°75 in, ; petiole
‘Lto*l5 in. Panicles mostly terminal, but a few axillary, 1 to 3 in.
long, on slender peduncles, the branchlets numerous divaricate, each
bearing at its apex 3 to 5 sessile, white, clavate flowers *5 or ‘6 in. long.
Calyx about *4 in. long (longer in fruit), funnel-shaped, abruptly taper-
ing to the base, ribbed (when dry), the limb with 4 or 5 short often
obscure teeth. Petals orbicular, equal in number to the calyx-lobes, free.
Stamens short. Fruit elongate, gradually tapered to the base from the
truncate apex, crowned by the cupular, entire calyx-limb, ‘5 or ‘6 in.
long.

Panana: Maingay (K.D.) 744; Curtis 198, 2790, 2972. Perak:
Scortechini 132, 184, 1368, 3410, 5651, 6965; Wray 3066. Matacca:
Derry 1177.

It is possible that two species may be covered by the preceding description as
some of the specimens have smaller thinner leaves and flowers with more constricted
pseudo-stalks than the type specimen (Maingay 744) on which Mr. Duthie founded
the species.

35. Euaunis Ripueyi, King n, sp. ¢A tree; young branches
thinner than a goose-quill, terete, the bark brown, rather rough. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, the
base cuneate; both surfaces rather dull when dry, the upper dark
olivaceous brown, the nerves impressed; the lower pale warm brown,
the midrib and nerves very prominent; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs,
curving upwards and interarching far from the edge, the secondary
nerves prominent but the reticulations obscure; length 3°5 to 45 in. ;
breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petiole 4 +0 °5 in. Panicles axillary and terminal,
half as: long as the leaves, the terminal sometimes as long, broad, the
branches few and spreading horizontally, compressed especially at the
nodes, Flowers °3 in. long (including the stamens), green, sessile, the
buds clavate; calyx *2 in. long, campanulate ahove, abruptly narrowed

;
‘
.

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 99

for half its length into a minutely granular pseudo-stalk; the mouth
with 4 large, rounded lobes. Petals not calyptrate, three times as long
as the calyx-lobes, ovate-rotund and jlike the latter reflexed in flower.
Fruit unknown.

SINGAPORE: (in the “ garden jungle’’), Ridley 3706, 6416, 6419,
5728, 6233. Penang: Curtis 3010.

Notable for its green flowers.

36. HUGENIA pyriroulA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487.
A tree 20 to 40 feet high; young branches thicker than a crow-quill,
pale, terete (the very youngest 4-angled), brownish-white. Leaves
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lancéolate, occasionally obovate-
elliptic, shortly and rather bluntly cuspidate, or cordate-acuminate, the
base cuneate; upper surface (when dry) dark olivaceous-brown, shining,

‘the main and secondary nerves and also the midrib depressed, the

latter prominent, the former faint; lower surface paler and duller than
the upper and the nerves and reticulations rather more prominent, the
midrib bold and convex, the former faint; lower surface paler and
duller than the upper ; length 2°5 to 4 in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petiole
‘25 to ‘35 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, shorter or longer than the
leaves, laxly branched, corymbose or pyramidal, many-flowered, the
branches spreading, slender, acutely 4-angled, bracteoles at the bases
of the branches and at the bases of the flowers minute, subulate,
deciduous. Flowers white, ‘4 in. long (including the calyx), clavate in
bud, sessile in groups of two, three or more at, the ends of the branch-
lets; calyx slightly over ‘2 in. in length, funnel-shaped, vertically
striate, the mouth with 4 broad, shallow, rounded teeth. Petals reni-
form-orbicular or orbicular, dotted outside, free. Fruit depressed-
globular, crowned by the narrow tubular remains of the calyx, not
pulpy, °75 in. in diam. when ripe. H. twmida, Duthie l.c. 487. Syzygium
pyrifolium, Wall. Cat. 3584; DC. Prodr. III, 261 (Syzyg.) ; Korth. in
Ned. Kruidk. I, 204; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 457. Calyptranthes
pyrifolia, Blume Bijdr. 1090.

In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
common.

37. Hucenta tineata, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487.

A tree 30 to 60 feet high; young branches thicker than a crow-quill,
terete, their bark pale- bien, Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate

or narrowly elliptic, rather abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base
cuneate; upper surface (when dry) olivaceous-brown, shining, some-
times minutely pitted; the nerves numerous, indistinct, the midrib
depressed; lower pale-brown, not olivaceous, the main-nerves more
distinct than on the upper, close together, the neighbouring ones

100 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

connected throughout their whole length by curving loops; length
2:75 to *4 in.; breadth 1°1 to 1°75 in.; petioles ‘25 to ‘35 in. Panicles
terminal and from the upper leaf-axils, shortly pedunculate, lax, longer
than the leaves ; branches numerous divaricate, 4-angled, the younger
also compressed. lowers ‘4 or *5 in. long (including the stamens),
sessile in twos or threes at the apices of the branchlets, the buds clavate.
Calyx narrowly funnel-shaped, gradually tapering to the base, striate ;
the mouth with 4 rather deep, broad, rounded, concave lobes. Petals 4,
orbicular, reflexed. Fruit ovoid, crowned by the thick, short, wide,
4-toothed calyx, black and shining when ripe, one-seeded, not pulpy,
*3 in. long and ‘2 in. in diam. LH. corymbosa, Wall. Cat. 3566 F. Jambosa
lineata, DC. Prod. III, 287; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt.1,428. Clavimyrtus
lineatus, Blume Mus. Bot. I, 116. Myrtus lineata, Blume Bijdr. 1087.

In all the provinces except the Nicobar and Andaman Islands:
common. Distris.—The Malayan Archipelago.

A widely distributed species and varying as to size of leaf and also of flower-bud.
In some specimens some of the nerves are of a dark colour on the lower surface.
This is often confused with HL. rubricunlis, Miq., which is itself a somewhat doubtful
Species.

38. Eugenia cymosa, Lamk, Dict. III, 109 (not of Roxb.). A shrub
or small tree; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, (narrowly oblong-
lanceolate in VAR. concinna), caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate; both
surfaces when dry brown, the upper tinged with olivaceous, the numer-
ous nerves and reticulations distinct on the lower less so on the upper ;
length 2 to3 in.; breadth 1 to 15 in.; petiole -15 to ‘3 in. Pamicles
numerous, axillary and terminal, an inch or two in length, the terminal
twice as long, lax, the branches few, spreading, slender, compressed, with
3 or 4 flowers at their apices, Flowers sessile, white, *35 in. long (includ-
ing the stamens), Calyx campanulate, abruptly contracted into a pseudo-
stalk, the mouth with 4 small triangular lobes. Petals 4, orbicular,
free. Fruit almost globular, the size of a pea, blueish-black, pulpy, 1-
or 2-seeded, (if 2-seeded transversely oblong in shape). Wight Ill. I,
17; Ic. t. 555; Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; For.
Fl. I, 486. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 482. Syz. cawdatum,
Wall. Cat. 3591. 8S. viminewm, Wall. Cat. 3533 °?. S. concinnum, Wall.
Cat. 3582. 8S. nelitricarpum, T. & B. in. Nat. Tidsch. Ned. Ind. XXV.
S. cymosum, DC. Prodr. HI, 259; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I,
202 ?. H. nigrescens, Poir. Suppl. III, 123?. EH. rhodomelea, Commers.
in DC. Prodr. lc. Jambosa tenuicuspis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 431.
Myrtus cymosa, Spreng.; Blume Bijdr. 1086.

In all the provinces. Disrris.—Burma, Sylhet and Assam, Java.

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 101

VAR. concinna (sp. Wall.); leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate.

Perak: King’s Collector 10521. Distris.—Burma, Wallich 3582.

39. EUGENIA CONGLOMERATA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. IT,
497. A large tree; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, ob-
scurely 4-angled, blackish-brown, smooth : the older terete, grey, striate.
Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate, sub-acute or blunt, much tapered to
the base: upper surface (when dry) blackish-brown, shining; the
lower liver-coloured, somewhat dull, minutely black-dotted; main-
nerves 18 to 20 pairs, spreading, curved, faint, more distinct on the
upper than on the under surface, the midrib stout on the lower surface,
the edges slightly recurved; length 3 to 4'5 in.; breadth ‘8 to 1°75 in. ;
petiole ‘2 to 35 in. Inflorescences generally 2 or 3 together from small
tubercles on the naked branches below the leaves, consisting usually of
few-flowered capitula on short peduncles from ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, or
of solitary flowers from the bases of the peduncles. Flowers small,
sub-globular or campanulate, only about ‘] or ‘15 in. long, sessile.
Calyx widely campanulate; the limb with 4 rounded lobes. Petals
4, free. Fruit pisiform, smooth, crowned by the 4 calyx-lobes and also
by the stamens, red, smooth.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 745. Singapore: (near the Botanic
Garden), Ridley 5073.

40. HuGeNnIA uRcEOLATA, King. A tree, 30 to 60 feet high: young
branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, 4-angled, with pale brownish-
yellow, striate bark. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or
obovate-elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate ; upper
surface (when dry) dark-brown, shining, pellucid-dotted; the lower
warm-brown, with black dots: main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, curving
upwards and interarching *1 in. or more from the edge; length 5 to 7
in.; breadth 2 to 3:25 in.; petioles °25 in. long. Flowers from small
axillary tubercles, solitary, fasciculate or in small panicles, (often
several from one axil), much shorter than the leaves and with a few
(usually about 3) very short, slender, spreading, 4-angled branches
powdered with ferrugineous scurf. Flowers about ‘35 in. across (includ-
ing the stamens). Calyx an open, rotate cup on a short, thin stalk, the
margin divided into 4 broad, sub-orbicular, blunt, spreading, concave
lobes. Petals 4, orbicular, free, spreading. Fruit turbinate, about °5
in. in diam., crowned by the short calyx-limb. Jambosa urceolata,
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I, (1847), 202; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I,
Pt. 1, 418 (excluding all the synonyms).

Perak: Wray 2423, 2609, 2928, 3134, 3248; King’s Collector 1908,
2317, 713, 3345, 4262, 6665, 6682, 6600, 10677, 10780. SuLAncor:

102 G, King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Ridley 7336. Sincarore: Ridley 256, 4975. Matacca: Ridley. DisrRis.
—Sumatra.

The rotate 4-lobed calyx distinguishes this species.

41, Evuegenta euauca, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 50 feet high;
young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-quill, terete; the bark
pale-brown and flaky. eaves coriaceous, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate,
often obovate-lanceolate, sub-acute or blunt and with a short blunt point ;
upper surface (when dry) olivaceous-brown and shining, the lower
glaucous (not glaucous in VAR.) ; the numerous nerves and reticulations
very distinct on both surfaces, edge slightly recurved, (not recurved in
vak.) the intramarginal nerve very close to it; length 2°25 to 4 in.;
breadth 1 to 2in.; petiole ‘25 to '3in. Flowers few, sessile, ‘3 in. long
(including the stamens) and as much wide, in racemes or small, few-
branched, axillary or terminal panicles 3 or 4 inches long (often several
together), with compressed, 4-angled rachises. Calya-limb, a wide
shallow cup with 4 broad, shallow, deciduous lobes, afterwards truncate-
erose, below narrowed into a thin pseudo-stalk. Petals 4, orbicular,
clawed, free, reflexed. Fruit unknown.

Penana: Ourtis 1152, 2228. Perak: Redley 3086. Matacca:
Derry 1184.

Distinguished by its much reticulate leaves glaucous beneath and its few-
flowered inflorescence.

VAR. pseudo-glauca, King; like the type but with thinner narrower
and more acute leaves with no tendency to be obovate, not glaucous
beneath and the edges not recurved.

Perak: frdley 3108, 8386. The Dindings; Curtis 3440.

42. HUGENIA suBRUFA, King n. sp. A tree, 20 to 30 feet high:
young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, grey or pale-brown
-atter the defoliation of the thin, flaky, brown bark. Leaves thickly
coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or elliptic-ovate, shortly acuminate, the
base cuneate ; upper surface (when dry) pale olivaceous-brown slightly
shining, the midrib, nerves and reticulations depressed ; lower reddish,
dull, the midrib and nerves prominent: main-nerves about 8 pairs,
curving upwards, interarching at less than ‘1 in. from the edge to form
a somewhat faint intramarginal line, the edges recurved; length
3°5 to 9 in.; breadth 1:5 to 2 in.; petiole 3 to ‘4in. Panicles terminal
and axillary, pedunculate, the few branches very short and crowded at
the apex of the peduncle; both peduncle and branches 4-angled.
Flowers ‘5 in. long (including the stamens), sessile, in threes at the
apices. of the very short (‘1 in. long) branches, clavate-obovoid in bud.
Calyx campanulate, funnel-shaped, reduced for a third of its length to a

ee

190}.| G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 103

stout, wrinkled pseudo-stalk: the mouth undulate and with 4 broad
shallow deciduous teeth. Fruit ovoid, smooth, crowned by the wide
circular remains of the calyx, *4 in. long (unripe) and °35 in. in diam.

Sincarore: Ridley 4588, Penane: Curtis 194.

vaR. robusta, King; leaves larger (3'5 to 55 long and 1°5 to 2°2 in.
broad) than in the typical form, and young branches thicker. Panicles
several, terminal, 2 to 2'5 in. long; the branches more numerous than
in the type form and not crowded at the apex, the lower as much as
‘4 in, long.

Prenane: Ourtis 194, 1448, 3275.

A very rare but distinct species readily recognised by its short panicles, com-
paratively large flowers, and by the boldness of the midrib and of the few nerves on
the under surface of the leaves which when dry are of a conspicuous terra-cotta
colour.

43. Kucgenita Dutuigana, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 70 feet high ;
young branches thicker than a crow-quill, the bark brown, rather rough.

- Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate-elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, shortly

acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces brown when dry and rather
dull, the lower slightly the paler; main-nerves 4 to 8 pairs, curved,
ascending, interarching far from the edge (about ‘15 in.), impressed.
on the upper, faintly prominent on the lower surface ; the secondary
nerves almost as prominent as the main ones; the reticulations indis-
tinct on the lower, invisible on the upper surface ; length 3 to 5 in. ;
breadth 1:25 to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘15 to ‘2 in. facemes slender, 1 to 2
inches long, slender, solitary, clustered, terminal or axillary, the rachis
dark, 4-angled. lowers few, sessile, clavate in bud, sometimes clus-
tered at the apex of the rachis. Calyx ‘2 in, long, funnel-shaped, half
of it contracted into a pseudo-stalk, the mouth wide and with 4 broad,
rounded teeth. Petals reflexed, orbicular, white. fruit clavate when
young, becoming almost globular when ripe, rugulose, crowned by the
wide circular remains of the calyx, *75 in. long and 65 in. in diam.
Perak: King’s Collector 3966, 4218, 6268; Scortechini. Matacca:
Derry 256. Penanea: Curtis 653. Sincapore: Ridley 3864, 4982, 8400.
A species resembling HL. minutiflora, Mig., but with larger flowers and more

numerously nerved leaves. It is named after Mr. J. F. Duthie, F.L.S., who
elaborated the Myrtacexe for Hooker’s Flora of British India.

44, HKoaenta potyantna, Wight Ill. 17; Icones 543. A tall, slender
tree ; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, brown. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, sometimes oblong-
oblanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate: upper
surface (when dry) dark-brown, shining, the nerves scarcely visible ;
lower paler brown, dull, with numerous minute black dots; main-nerves

104 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

8 to 10 pairs, spreading, slightly curved upwards at the ends and inter-
arching less than ‘1 in. from the edge, slightly prominent on the lower
surface: length 3 to 4:5 in.; breadth 1 to1°5 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘3 in.
Panicles numerous, from the young branches below the leaves, or rarely
axillary, 1 to1°5 in. long; the rachis and short divaricate branches
slender, compressed, 4-angled. Flowers at the ends of the branchlets,
usually in threes, white, sessile. Petals 4, orbicular, free. Calyx a
little more than ‘1 in. long, campanulate, constricted for one-third of
its length into a pseudo-stalk, rugulose, shining: the mouth with 4 deep,
rounded lobes. Fruit much depressed-globular if one-seeded, broader
than long if two-seeded, always much depressed and crowned by the
circular remains of the calyx, black, hard, without pulp, ‘15 in. long and
of the same width if globular, and more than twice as broad if
2-seeded.- Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 496. EH. nitida, Duthie
Le. HH. lucidula, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 444. ? Myrtus cymosa, BI.
Bijdr. 1086. é

In all the provinces, except the Nicobars and Andamans: common.
Distr1B.— Malay Archipelago, Burma.

45. Huaenta Manu, King n. sp. A tree, 20 to 30 feet high : young
branches about as thick as a crow-quill, pale-brown, terete. Leaves
membranous, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base
cuneate ; both surfaces brown when dry, the lower much paler than the
upper and with numerous small black dots; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs,
curved, ascending, interarching ‘1 to‘l5 in. from the edge; reticula-
tions large, indistinct on the lower and invisible on the upper surface ;
length 3°5 to 4:5 in. ; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole °2to‘4in, Panicles
mostly shorter than the leaves, crowded, from the axils of leaves and of
fallen leaves, usually shorter than the leaves, the branches few and
slender (one often from the very base), compressed. Flowers clustered
at the apices of the filiform branchlets, often numerous and crowded,
sometimes few, whitish-red in colour, globular in bud. Calyw ‘15 in.
long, campanulate, abruptly contracted into a short pseudo-stalk; the
mouth with 4 deep, ovate-rotund lobes. Petals 4, rotund, slightly longer
than the calyx-lobes, free, not calyptrate. Fruit depressed-globular,
minutely rugulose, crowned by the small circular remains of the calyx,
4 in. broad and slightly less from base to apex.

ANDAMAN Istanps: King’s Collectors.

Named in honour of Mr. E. H. Man, C.LE., Deputy Commissioner of the
Andamans, who has for years given most cordial help in the botanical exploration of
the Andaman and Nicobar groups. A species related to H. polyantha, Wight, but

with larger fewer-nerved leaves, and rather longer flowers and fruit. Also near
E. operculata, Roxb.

‘1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 105

46. Hucenta caupata, King. A glabrous bush or small tree;
young branches very slender, -sub-terete, the bark pale-grey or brown.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, caudate-acumin-
ate, the base cuneate; both surfaces pale-brown when dry, the lower
palest; nerves numerous, spreading, scarcely visible; length 1°75 to ‘3 in. ;

breadth °75 to l-lin.; petiole:15 to'3 in. Racemes on slender peduncles,

axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, laxly 3- to 5-flowered.
Flowers ‘25 in. across, on slender pedicels *1 to ‘2 in. long, (longer in
fruit). Calyx °2 in. long, campanulate, contracted at the very base
into a very short pseudo-stalk (less than a quarter of its length), the
mouth with 4 short, broad, blunt, deciduous teeth. Petals orbicular,
about twice as long as the short stamens, deciduous. Fruit at first
ovoid, afterwards nearly globular, ‘5 in, long, smooth, crowned by the
cupular, short, 4-toothed calyx-limb. Myrtws caudata, Wall. Cat. 3631.

Singapore: Wallich.. Penana: Curtis 654. Perak: Curtis 2007;
Scortechini 392, 444; King’s Collector 3654, 4241, 6262; Wray 472,
1176, 1574, 2824, 3208, 5341.

A species rather easily recognised by its small caudate-acuminate, lanceolate,
indistinctly-nerved leaves and few-flowered, lax racemes. Wallich also issued under
his No. 3591 a plant to which he gave the name Syzygiwm caudatum. It differs
much from this and is in fact Hugenia cymosa, Lamk.

47, HuGENIA FILIFORMIS, Wall. Cat. 38578. A glabrous tree, 30 to
50 feet high, with slender drooping branches: young branches very
slender, terete, dark-coloured. Leaves coriaceous, small, pellucid-dotted,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the base
cuneate: both surfaces greenish-brown when dry: the nerves numerous,
a few slightly conspicuous, the others very faint; length 1°75 to 3 in.;
breadth ‘75 to 1:2 in.; petiole *15 to ‘2 in, slender. Racemes slender,
very lax, few-flowered, axillary and terminal, as long as or longer than
the leaves. Jlowers ‘75 in. long including the stamens, inserted on the
slender rachis by filiform pedicels ‘75 to 1:25 in. in length. Calyx

-funnel-shaped, attenuated for half its length into a slender pseudo-

stalk; the limb with 4 broad, blunt, reflexed lobes nearly ‘1 in. long.
Petals orbiculav-reniform, reflexed, -25 in. long. Ripe fruit elliptic-
ovoid to sub-globular, smooth, ‘75 in. long, crowned by the calyx-lobes.
Duthie in Hook. fil.. Fl. Br. Ind. II. 478. Syzygium filiforme and
S. capillare, Wall. Cat. 3580 and 3578. Clavimyrtus virens, Blume Mus.
Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 114.

Singapore: Wallich; Hullett; Ridley 4569. Penance: Wallich ;
Ourtis 1090, 1443. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2389; Maingay (K.D.)
721; Derry 451, 471. Parax: King’s Collector 2321, 5601, 5861, 5925,
6708; Wray 1192, 3262; Ridley 9640.

J. i. 14

106 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],

48. HuGentiA anpAMANicAa, King n. sp. A small glabrous tree:
young branches slender, with greyish-brown rather rough bark. Leaves
coriaceous, rotund-ovate to rotund, with a very short abrupt blunt
apiculus, obscurely crenate near the apex, abruptly tapered to the base ;
nerves numerous invisible on the upper shining surface and faint on
the dull lower surface, curving upward, interarching close to the margin ;
length 1°5 to 2°5 in.; breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘3 or ‘4 in. Panicles often
as long as the leaves, crowded, pedunculate, axillary and terminal, the
branchlets usually trichotomous, 4-angled, bearing 3 or 4 sessile flowers
at their apices, Flowers about ‘5 in. long, clavate, the calyx contracted
into a pseudo-stalk more than half of its length, the mouth with 4 erect,
equal, triangular, acute teeth. Petals 4, orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit
unknown.

AnpAMAN Istanps: King’s Collector.

49. Houcenta Hosrana, Kingn.sp. A glabrous tree, 30 to 40 feet high:
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale greyish-yellow, terete,
the very youngest quadrangular. J.eaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-
oblong, abruptly and shortly caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate ;
upper surface dark-brown leaden and shining when dry, the lower pale-
brown and dull; main-nerves 15 to 20 pairs ascending very little,
almost straight, interarching ‘1 in. from the edge; length 4°5 to 7 in. ;
breadth 1°75 to 2'5 in.; petiole ‘15 to ‘3 in. Racemes axillary and
terminal, solitary, not more than 1 in. long, the rachis with 2 deep
grooves. Flowers white, ‘35 in. long, exclusive of the stamens, sessile,
enveloped in several sub-ovate leathery bracts as long as themselves.
Calyzx-tube widely campanulate, contracted slightly at the base but not
into a pseudo-stalk ; its texture very leathery ; its mouth with 4 blunt,
obtuse lobes. Petals orbicular. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 163; Wray 2952 ; King’s Collector 3407. 3

50. Evucenta Bengamina, King n. sp, <A glabrous shrub or small
tree : young branches thin, terete, pale-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
conspicuously pellucid-dotted on both surfaces, narrowly elliptic, some-
times oblanceolate-elliptic, with an abrupt, narrow, short apiculus half
an inch or more in length, the base cuneate : both surfaces pale yellowish-
or greenish-brown when dry ; the nerves very numerous, distinct like
the reticulations, interarching near the margin; length 2°5 to 3 in.;
breadth 1 to 1°5 in.; petiole ‘15 in. slender. AMucemes axillary or termi-
nal, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Flowers ‘5 to ‘6 in. long,
(including the stamens), sessile on short stout pedicels. Calyx clavate,
the mouth with 4 broad, blunt lobes. Petals orbicular, with thin edges.
Fruit when young covered with large convex pellucid glands, crowned
by the deeply 4-lobed calyx-limb ; when ripe depressed-globular, the
calyx-limb reduced to a ring, J in, long and 1 to 14 in, broad.

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 107

PERAK: Wray 2623, 2797, 3204; King’s Collector 7306. DIsTRIB.—
Sumatra, Forbes 2046.

Named from the resemblance of its leaves to those of Ficus Benjamina, Linn.
The Perak specimens have no ripe fruit on them and the description of it above
given is taken from Forbes’s Sumatra specimens which agree in leaf absolutely with
those collected in Perak.

51. Evgenia variotosa, King n. sp. <A glabrous shrub, 12 to 20
feet high: young branches slender, 4-angled, pale-brown, profusely
dotted, like the leaves on both surfaces and the flowers, with large
pellucid glands. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rarely
elliptic-oblong, caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces
when dry pale-brown; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs slightly prominent
on the lower surface (when dry), ascending, rather straight, interarching
‘1 to ‘15 in. from the margin, secondary nerves and reticulations indis-
tinct: length 5°5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°35 to 2°5 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘3 in.
Racemes axillary and terminal, crowded, only about 1 in. long. Flowers
white, ‘4 in. across, on stout pedicels less than ‘i in. long. Calya-tube
narrowly campanulate, ‘2 in. long, the mouth with two very unequal
pairs of rounded teeth. Petals orbicular, thick in the centre, much
shorter than the stamens. Style about *5 in. long. Fruit globular:
smooth, prominently glandular-dotted, crowned by the short calyx, ‘8 in.
in diam.

Parak: Scortechini; King’s Collector 3415, 3995, 6036, 10437.
SINGAPORE: Ridley 8411, 8449. Sepancor: Ridley 4973.

Distinguished by having prominent pustule-like glands on all its parts.

52. Hucenia ciaviriora, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 37; Fl, Br. Ind. II,
488. A glabrous tree, 25 to 30 feet nigh: young branches slender, pale-
brown, compressed. Leaves thinly coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base acute; main and secondary nerves
very numerous, curving upwards and interarching less than ‘1 in. from
the edge: length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole ‘1 to ‘15 in.
Flowers 6 to °8 in. long, in very shortly stalked, condensed, axillary
corymbs, sessile; the calyx-tube narrowly cylindric-clavate, contracted
at the base into a slender pseudo-stalk; the mouth with 4 or 5 short,
broad lobes. Petals 4 or 5, free, white, orbicular-ovate, about °25 in.
long ; filaments about ‘6 in. long. Fruit narrowly oblong-ovoid, about
*3 in. long, smooth, pulpy, crowned by the short, incurved calyx-limb,
l-seeded. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 484; Wight Ill, II, 15;
Ic. t. 606; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2. 65; For.
Fl. I, 480. Syzygium claviflorum, Wall. Cat. 3575. 8S. longiflorum, Wall.
Cat. 8572. 8S. excavatum, Wall. Cat. 3574, Wall. Cat. Indeterminata
8080.

108 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. },

Nicopar and ANDAMAN IsLANDS; common. Di1stris.—British India
in Burma, Chittagong and Assam.

vAR. leptantha; flowers and fruit smaller than in the typical form :
flowers in short racemes, not in corymbs: fruit ‘4 in. long. Duthie in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 484; Benth. Fl. Austral. ITI, 283 (Syz.); Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 65; For. Fl. I, 480. 8S. suavissi-
mum, Wall. Cat. 3573. Syzyg. Griff. N cial 654.

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2366/1, 2367. Penana: Ridley 1021, 1109.

var. excavata; leaves more coriaceous than in the typical form
and somewhat larger, young branches with rather rough bark. Syzy-
gium excavatum, Wall. Cat. 3574,

Prenana: Curtis 697, 749, 8384, 8393. Prov. Wettestey: Ridley
6970. Prrak: King’s Collector 7440. JoHorn: Ridley 4076.

VAR. Maingayt; young branches rather stout, the very youngest
smooth, the older with deeply striate bark. Leaves thickly coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, main-nerves not prominent, the
midrib very prominent on the lower surface: length 4°5 to 7°5 in.
Flowers about °5 in. long: fruit unknown. HH. Maingayt, Duthie in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 484.

Matacca: Maingayt (K.D.) 750.

This is known only from Maingay’s imperfect specimens. It does not appear to
me to be separable specifically from E. claviflora, Roxb.

var. glandulosa ; young branches acutely 4-angled: leaves as in
vak. Maingayt: calyx-tube with large pellucid glands.

Matacca: Mount Ophir; only once collected.

53. Hucenta zeycanica, Wight Ill. IT, 15: Ic. I, 73. A glabrous
tree, 30 to 60 feet high: young branches slender, obsoletely 4-angled or
terete, pale-brown. eaves coriaceous, lanceolate, sometimes ovate-
lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, the base acute: both surfaces shining,
brown when dry, the lower minutely glandular and paler: nerves 10 or
12 pairs, indistinct, interarching near the mea the reticulations
obsolete; length 1°5 to 3°5 in.; breadth °35 to 1°5 in.; petiole -05 to “15
in. Panicles axillary and ter eae, crowded, the Ne ee shorter than
the leaves, the terminal longer; branchlets short, 4-angled like the
main-rachis. Flowers numerous, in twos or threes at the apices of the
ultimate branchlets, their length (including the stamens) ‘35 to *4 in.
Calyx funnel-shaped, ‘2 in. long, sessile or on a short pedicel; the tube
ribbed, granular-tubercled ; the limb with 4 or 5 ovate-rotund, concave,
erect; deciduous lobes. Petals orbicular, 4 or 5, deciduous as a calyptra.
Fruit pisiform, smooth, white. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. II, 485.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 65; For. Fl. I, 481.
E. spicata, Lam. Dict. III, 201 ; DC. lc. (Syz.).Trimen Fl. Ceylon I, 171.

1901.] G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 109

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. I, t. 202. 2H. glandulifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl.
Ind. II, 496. 8S. zeylanicum, DC. Prodr. III, 260; Wall. Cat. 3564, in
part; Z. corticata, Wall. Cat. 3565; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94.
Acmena zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 118. A. parmflora, DO. lc. 262.
Jambosa bracteata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. 1,437. S. corticatwm, Wall.
Cat. 3565. Myrtus zeylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 675.—Rheede Hort. Mal.
v. t. 20.

In all the provinces; common. Dzistr1s.—British India, Ceylon.

54. Hucenta Grata, Wight Ill. II, 15. A small glabrous tree:
young branches sub-terete, the bark pale-brown, loose. Leaves coria-
ceous, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, the base acute; upper
surface brown when dry, the lower pale, main-nerves numerous,
curving, ascending, interarching about ‘1 in. from the edge, distinct as
is the midrib on the lower surface in the young leaves, indistinct on the
upper: length 2 to 35 in.; breadth 85 to 1°5 in. ; petiole ‘15 to ‘25 in.
Inflorescence and flowers as in H. zeylanica but the calyx-tube not
granular. Fruit ovoid, pellucid-dotted, crowned by the small calyx-
lobes, ‘2 in. long, black when ripe. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLVI, Pt. 2, p. 65; For. Flora Burma I, 480; Duthie in Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. 486. Syzyg. gratum, Wall. Cat. 3586. S. scabridum,
Wall. Cat. 3564 D. Myrtus quadrangularis, Ham.

Maracea: Griffith (K.D.) 2864. Prnana: Curtis 317, 756, 2245 ;
Wallich. Prax: Ridley 7955, 9456; King’s Collector 5414, 5433, 6267.
ANDAMAN Istanps: King’s Collector. Distrip.—Sumatra.

A species very close to HE. zeylanica but with somewhat larger leaves, glaucous
or sub-glaucous beneath. The best distinguishing marks lie however in the calyx-
tube which in this is smooth, and in the fruit which in this is ovoid and black.

55. EvuGEentaA tecta, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 20 to 25 feet
high: young branches slender, 4-angled ; the bark dark-brown, flakey.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, shortly and
obtusely acuminate, the base rounded and minutely cordate; both sur-
faces pale-brown when dry; nerves numerous but scarcely visible, the
midrib prominent on the lower surface and bearing small scattered
tubercles ; length 2°5 to 3:25 in.; breadth 1:1 to 1°6 in.; petiole ‘05 to ‘1
in., densely covered with black tubercles. Flowers °5 or °6 in. long
(including the stamens), crowded in axillary or terminal fasicles, sessile.
Calyx widely funnel-shaped, tapered to the bracteolate base, minutely
dotted ; the limb wide, with 5 broad lobes. Petals orbicular, yellowish,
deciduous. Fruit unknown.

Perak : King’s Collector 1868.

56. HUGENIA PSEUDO-TETRAPTERA, King n. sp, A tree? Young
branches of the thickness of a crow-quill, compressed at the nodes,

110 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

4-angled and_4-winged, the bark dark-brown and flakey, deciduous.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, almost sessile, broadly lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, the base broad and minutely cordate, the apex shortly and
bluntly acuminate; upper surface dull olivaceous-brown with remote
black pits, the nerves slightly and the midrib greatly depressed ; lower
surface pale-brown, with many small black marks especially on the bold
thick midrib; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, prominent, slightly curved,
subascending and interarching at about ‘1 in. from the edge; length
2 to 2:25 in.; breadth 1 to 15 in.; petiole ‘05 in. wrinkled. Flowers
im terminal, sessile, multi-bracteate glomeruli about ‘4 in. long; the
bracts about as long as the flowers, large, broadly oblong, blunt, their
posterior surfaces bearing many black dots. Flowers about ‘25 in.
long, their pedicels less than ‘1 in. Calye cylindric, slightly contracted
at the base; the mouth with 5 erect, ovate, blunt, sub-distant teeth,
about ‘05 in. long. Petals sub-orbicular, calyptrate. Truitt sub-
globular, *25 in. in diam., crowned by the calyx-teeth.
JOHORE: on Gunong Panti, Ridley 4197.

This species comes very near E. tetraptera, Miq., but that species has narrower,
less conspicuously bracteate flowers and its young branches are covered with
glandular hairs. This is also allied to HE. tecta, King, which has, however, larger
flowers in pedanculate bracteate heads. The leaves of the two are almost exactly
alike in texture and form, but the dots and pits in those of ZB. teeta are less conspi-
cuous than in these of this plant. This is also closely allied to E. polita,

57. Kuacenta pourra, King. A glabrous tree, 30 to 60 feet high;
young branches slender, compressed and acutely 4-angled or winged,
their bark pale-brown and deciduous. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, bluntly and shortly acuminate, the base abruptly
cuneate, both surfaces shining and of a liver-brown colour ; main-nerves
10 to 12 pairs, often forked, interarching less than *04 in. from the edge,
hardly visible on the upper surface, length 1°5 to 2°25 in.; breadth
‘75 to 1 in.; petiole under ‘1 in. JPanicles shorter than the leaves,
axillary and terminal, very condensed, many-flowered, bearing coriaceous
bracts of two sorts, those at the base of the panicle with long, subulate
points, those at the base of its branches and of the flowers oblong with
broad truncate apices, the rachis and branches 4-winged. Flowers
(including the stamens) °35 in. long, sessile. Calyx funnel-shaped,
ribbed, very coriaceous; the limb much prolonged beyond the ovary,
but only slightly expanded, with 5 ovate-rotund, concave, erect lobes:
Petals orbicular, deciduous. Stamens not very numerous nor long;
Fruit globular, crowned by the 5 calyx-lobes, when young minutely
pellucid-glandular. 2H. zeylanica, Duthie (not of Wight) in Hook. fil.
Fl. Br. Ind, IT, 485, in part. Syzyg. politum, Wall. Cat, 3626.

-1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 111

PenanG: Porter; Curtis 511. Jonore: Ridley 4078. Prrax: Scor-
techinit 585; Wray 2822; King’s Collector 6930, 8679. Matacca:
Ridley 859.

A species superficially resembling H. zeylanica, Wight, but really differing greatly

from that and every other species: within our region by its prominently bracteate
-and very condensed inflorescence which has winged branchlets. The fruit has been

only twice collected. :

58. HUGENIA VALDEVENOSA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,
489. A glabrous tree, 20 to 50 feet high: young branches rather
thinner than a goose-quill when dry, acutely 4-angled but not winged,
the bark brown. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, shortly and abruptly acu-
minate, the base cuneate or rounded; upper surface olivaceous-brown,
reticulate, the nerves faint; lower warm-brown, the main-nerves 14 to
24 pairs, very prominent, curving upwards: and interarching in a wavy
line ‘15 to ‘25 in. from the edge; length 5°5 to 8 in.; breadth 2°35 to
3°5 in.; petiole 2 to '25 in. Panicles terminal or from the upper leaf-
axils, pedunculate, rather shorter than the leaves, with many spreading,
lax branches, the branchlets compressed. lowers white, sessile, in
heads on the ends of the branchlets, ‘4 in. long (including the stamens),
the buds narrowly clavate, Calyx narrowly infundibuliform, tapering
equally from base to apex, the mouth truncate, entire. Petals calyptrate,
Fruit depressed-globular, crowned by the short remains of the calyx-
tube, smooth, *75 in. in diam. J. ellipticum, Wall. Cat. 3587 in part,
(not of other authors).

Penane: Wallich; Curtis 55; King’s Collector 1579; Maingay
723, 762. Perak: Scortechini 1662; Wray 2209, 2842; King’s Collector
737, 2737, 4947, 5122, 5322, 7008, 10246, 10873.

Under the pre-occupied name L, ellipticwm, Wallich issued this species as No, 3587
of his Catalogue. Mixed with it, however, he issued some leaves of a distinct species
from Penang. Good specimens, with leaves exactly agreeing with these, have since
been found and that plant has been named EH. pergamacea, King.

59. HUGENIA OBLONGIFOLIA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,
491. <A tree; young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-quill,
very pale, 4-angled (sometimes obscurely so). Leaves thinly coriaceous,
elliptic or oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both
surfaces shining, the nerves and reticulations distinct ; upper surface
pale-olivaceous, the lower pale-brown; main-nerves 10 to 16, slender,
whitish, not much more prominent than the secondary, interarching
Jess than ‘1 in. from the edge; length 3 to 4°5 in. ; breadth 1:25 to 2 in.;
petiole *3 in. long. Panicles terminal, corymbose, spreading, many-
flowered, 3 or 4 inches in length and as many in breadth; the short
peduncle and numerous branches stout, 4-angled, the branchlets

112 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

compressed, all very pale. Flowers ‘3 or ‘4 in. across. Petals 4, calyp-
trate, green. Calyx ‘2 in. long, campanulate, contracted for half its
length into a thin pseudo-stalk, smooth; the mouth truncate or very
slightly toothed. Fut (unripe) globular, smooth, crowned by the short,
wide remains of the calyx, °35 in. in diam.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 746. Stneapore: Ridley 360, 4993, 10131.
Perak: King’s Collector 6012, 8848, 10883.

VAR. parviflora; flowers smaller than in the typical form: leaves
oblong-lanceolate, tapering to each end, 3°5 to 5°5 in, long and 1 to 1°5
in. broad.

Perak: Scortechini 618.

vAR. robusta, King ; calyx ‘35 in. long; panicles, branches of panicle
and young twigs thicker than in the typical form.

Perak: Scortechini 216.

60, HUGENIA SUBHORIZONTALIS, King n. sp. A small tree; young
branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, blackish-brown when dry.
Teaves thinly coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, tapering to each end,
shortly and sharply acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges somewhat
recurved (when dry), the upper surface dark olivaceous-brown and
shining, the midrib depressed, all the nerves faint, lower surface dark
brown, not olivaceous, duller than the upper, the midrib very bold and
convex, the main-nerves 15 to 20 pairs, sub-horizontal, thin, but rather
prominent and shining, interarching to form a bold intramarginal line
‘1 in. from the edge, the secondary nerves and reticulations rather
distinct ; length 4°5 to 7 in.; breadth: 1°5 to 2°3 in.; petiole °5 to °6 in.
Panicles axillary and terminal, the former shorter than the leaves, the
latter often longer, lax: the branches rather sparse, spreading, compres-
sed, obscurely 4-angled. Flowers white, sessile, in clusters of 3 to 6 at
the ends of the branchlets, globose-clavate in bud. Calyx ‘25 in. iong,
funnel-shaped, contracted to a pseudo-stalk for half its length : the limb
with 4 shallow, broad, rounded (sometimes acute) lobes. Fruit un-
known.

Perak: Wray 2118, 2097. Disrriz.—Sumatra, Hort. Bogor. 3350
under the name of H. punctulata, Mig., which it is not.

61. EvucentA VaLEroniana, n. sp. King. A tree, 60 to 80 feet high;
young branches thicker than a crow-quill, terete, the bark pale-brown,
flakey. Leaves as in H. Griffithii but somewhat narrower and with
rather more numerous main-nerves. Flowers sessile in small terminal
or axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, with very few short, terete,
few-tlowered cymose branches, or in small pedunculate cymes. Calyx
‘3 in. long, clavate-campanulate, constricted into a short pseudo-stalk ;
the wide mouth truncate or with 4 deciduous, short, rounded lobes,

1901.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1138

Petals small, orbicular, deciduous. Frwit when unripe pyriform, when
ripe globular, crowned by the wide calyx-limb, *6 in. long.

Perak: King’s Oollector 5982, 6090.

A species near FE, Grifithii, and also near FE. Clarkeana and EF. Koordersiana,
but with much smaller panicles and fruit at first pyriform.

62. Eucenra expansa, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 491.
A tree, 20 to 50 feet high ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,
terete, pale-brown. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-
elliptic, acuminate, the base cuneate, both surfaces brown (when dry)
and shining, the lower paler ; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, faint, spread-
ing, connected by numerous loops, not very prominent in either surface
but distinctest on the lower, intramarginal line less than ‘1 in. from the
edges: length 4 to 6°6 in.; breadth 1 to 2°25 in.; petiole -15 to ‘2 in.
Panicles numerous, terminal and axillary, usually 2 or 3 together,
varying in length from less than one inch to several inches, the longer
ones bearing a few slightly compressed branches with 5 to 8 sessile
flowers crowded at their apices. lowers (including the stamens) *3 in.
long (sometimes longer), clavate in bud. Calyx ‘15 in. long, infundi-
buliform, minutely rugulose; the mouth truncate, undulate, slightly
reflexed, Petals orbicular, calyptrate. #rwit unknown. Syzygium ex-
pansum, Wall. Cat. 3567. S. ewnewron, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 314. -

Penang: Wallich 3567; Curtis 247. Perak: Wray, Scortechini,

__King’s Collector ; very common. 7

63. HuGENIA CHLOROLEUCA, King. A small tree or shrub; young
branches almost as thin as a crow-quill, terete below but 4-angled near
the apex, yellowish. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate, shortly and bluntly
acuminate, much narrowed at the base; both surfaces pale-olivaceous ;
the upper tinged with brown, shining, the main-nerves indistinct or
invisible ; the lower very pale, dull, the 12 to 16 main-nerves spreading,
very faint, the edge thickened and slightly recurved ; length 3 to 5°5 in. ;.
breadth 1 to 2°25 in.; petiole °3 to 35 in. Panicles much shorter than
the leaves, mostly terminal, rarely axillary, trichotomous, the branchlets
also trichotomous, all acutely 4-angled and striate, the bracteoles at the
nodes and at the bases of the flowers short, concave, ovate. Flowers
bibracteolate at the base, in threes, -4in. long (including the stamens)
on 4-angled pedicels ‘1 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long, minutely rugulose ;
the mouth with 4 broad, shallow teeth. Fruit ellipsoid, rugulose,
crowned by the 4 persistent calyx-teeth, length (unripe) °3 in.

Perak: King’s Collector 1901, 4951, 7807; Scortechini 45; Wray
2917.

This closely resembles Eugenia fastigiata (Calyptranthes fastigiata, Blume), but
the leaves have shorter petioles and fewer nerves and the fruit of this is corrugated

oe at 1S

114 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

rugulose and not glandular. This also resembles Eugenia sylvestris (Caryophyllus
sylvestris, Blame) almost exactly in leaves: but the fruit of the latter is very
different.

64. EuGENIA nigricans, King n. sp. A large tree; young branches
rather thicker than a crow-quill, sub-terete, dark-brown when dry.
Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the
base more or less cuneate; both surfaces very dark-olivaceous and
dull (when dry), the lower with a reddish tinge: nerves very numerous
and close together, straight and sub-horizontal, all faint below and
distinct above, the reticulations few and faint on both surfaces, the
edge recurved, and the intramarginal line very near it; length 2°5 to
4in.; breadth 1-4 to 2in.; petiole °3 to ‘4 in. Panicles axillary and
terminal, not more than half as long as the leaves with few lax tricho-
tomous spreading branchlets, all 4-angled. Flowers white, ‘3 in. long
(including the stamens), in threes, sessile, clavate in bud. Calyx
‘15 in. long, wrinkled, funnel-shaped, narrowed for half its length into
a pseudo-stalk, the mouth wide and truncate. Petals deciduous. Fruit
unknown.

Perak: Wray 2221.

65. EuGenta 1nopHyLia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37: Fl. Ind. II, 496.
A glabrous tree, 40 to 60 feet high; young branches rather thinner than
a goose-quill, terete, dark-brown. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic
or elliptic-lanceolate, rather abruptly acuminate, the base cuneate;
both surfaces when dry smooth, shining, the numerous thin, curved,
ascending main-nerves indistinct; the upper surface almost black, the
lower deep-brown ; length 3 to 51in.; breadth 1°25 to 2°25 in.; petiole
2 to ‘4 in. Panicles corymbose, in the upper leaf-axils and terminal,
nearly as long as or longer than the leaves, on rather long peduncles,
many-flowered, each from 2°5 to 3 in. across, the branches and branchlets
numerous, 4-angled. Flowers 2 or 3 together, sessile at the apices of
the branches, *4 in. long (including the coloured stamens) white, clavate
in bud. Calyx funnel-shaped, rather abruptly tapered to the base, °2 in.
long, smooth; the mouth truncate, with 5 very obscufe, short, broad
teeth. Petals calyptrate. Fruit (according to Roxburgh) pear-shaped,
large. Duthie in Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. 11, 481 in part. Wight Ic. 623
(bad). Jambosa iophylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 4838. Syzygium
inophyllum, Wall. Cat. 3600 in part; DC. Prodr. III, 260.

Perak: Wray 1377, 2554, 2655, 2734; King’s Collector 4741, 6079,
655, 8481. Prnane: Curtis 973, 974, 2621.

Two specimens of this are included in the Linnean Society’s set of the

Wallichian plants under 3600. The other two sheets belong to two different species.

66. HuGentA opLtaTa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; FI. Ind, II, 493,

1901.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 115

A tree, 40 to 50 feet high; young branches terete (when dry), reddish-
brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, or broadly
lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces brown (when
dry), shining, the upper often tinged with olivaceous and the lower with
red, main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, close, connected by numerous secondary
nerves and reticulations, indistinct on the upper but distinct on the lower
surface, intramarginal nerve very close to the slightly recurved margin ;
length 3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1 to 25 in.; petiole *2 to °251in. Panicles
axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves, often pedunculate, corym-
bose, the branches and branchlets few, crowded, obtusely 4-angled.
Flowers *5 in. long, including the stamens, white, sessile, shortly clavate
in bud. Calyx °25 in. long, funnel-shaped, the mouth with 4 deciduous,
short, blunt lobes, narrowed to a pseudo-stalk. Petals orbicular, calyptrate.
Fruit as large as a cherry when ripe, smooth, pulpy, the pericarp rather
thick ; seed solitary. Wight Ill. II, 15; Ic. t. 622; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; For. Fl. 1, 488; Duthie in Hook. fil.
Fl. Br. Ind. II, 492. 8S. oblatwm, Wall. Cat. 3569. 8S. pulchellum,
Wall. Cat. 3566 in part. Syzg. truncatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1,
455. Jambosa pulchella, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 422. LH. comosa,
Wall. Cat. 3566 D; l.c. 83600 C (under ZL. inophylla).

~ Matacca: Derry 1178. Perak: Scortechini. Province WELLESLEY :
Curtis 9378a. Pranana: Ridley 9378.

67. Huannta Bernarpi, King n. sp. A medium-sized tree ; young
branches thicker than a crow-quill, slightly compressed, dark-brown,
the older terete and grey. eaves thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic,
abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate; both
surfaces brown (when dry) and shining, the lower slightly paler; the
numerous close nerves and their connecting reticulations distinct on
both ; the intramarginal line less than ‘1 in. from the edge, the midrib
depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface ; length 3°5 to
4°5 in.; breadth 1°75 to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘25 to‘4in. Panicles terminal,
occasionally from the branches below the leaves, shorter than the leaves
when in flower but longer in fruit, densely corymbose, trichotomously
branched, many-flowered, the peduncle and lower branches terete, the
branchlets 4-angled. Flowers partly sessile and partly on very short
thick pedicels, the buds obovoid, obtuse. Calyx ‘15 in. long, campanu-
late-cylindric, tapering slightly to the base but not forming a pseudo-
stalk, smooth, the limb truncate. Petals falling off in a depressed
calyptra. Stamens °25 in. long. Fruit turbinate, black when ripe,
without pulp, crowned by the minute remains of the calyx, ‘2 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechinia 326. Surancor: Ridley 8617. Prnane : Curtis
975, 2840.

116 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, [No. 1,

Remarkable for its short, obovoid flower-buds; closely related to H. simulans
which has, however longer clavate buds.

68. Hucenta Prainiana, King n. sp. A tree 60 to 80 feet high;
young branches as thick as a goose-quill, terete, brown. Leaves thickly
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, the apex shortly acuminate, the base
cuneate; upper surface dark-brown, shining, the midrib pale and
depressed, the nerves slightly raised, faint; lower surface yellowish-
brown, dull, the 20 to 30 pairs of main nerves and the intramarginal
one slightly raised but indistinct, edges slightly recurved; length
3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 1°75 in.; petiole about ‘5 in. Pawicles
mostly terminal, but a few of smaller size from the upper leaf-axils,
about half as long as the leaves while in flower, many-flowered, much
condensed, corymbose, broader than long; the peduncles short, stout,
somewhat 4-angled like the stout, short branches. Flowers in threes
at the ends of the branchlets, sessile, white, clavate in bud. Calyx
‘35 in. long, funnel-shaped, tapering gradually to the base: the mouth
5-lobed, the lobes broad, rounded, and with pale, cartilaginous tips.
Petals 5 orbicular, glandular-dotted, much longer than the calyx-lobes,
apparently calyptrate. Fruit (unripe and excluding the long calyx-
tube) globular-ovoid, °75 to 1 in. in length, and ‘75 in. in diam.,
crowned by the large, stout, withered, 5-toothed calyx-limb ‘25 in. long.

Perak: Wray 3990; King’s Collector 5309, 6584.

69.. Hucenta Pearsonrana, King n. sp. A tree 80 to 100 feet
high; young branches thicker than a crow-quill, pale brown or whitish,
terete. Leaves coriaceous, ovate, the base rounded, the apex caudate-
acuminate, the edges somewhat recurved; upper surface olivaceous-
brown, shining, the numerous nerves faint, the midrib depressed ; lower
surface brown, dull, the nerves fainter than on the upper, the midrib
sharp and prominent ; length 2°75 to 4 in. ; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole
‘25 to'3 in. Panicles terminal, 1°5 in. long, not pedunculate, branching
from the base; the branches short, thick, slightly compressed and
slightly 4-angled. Flowers in twos or threes at the ends of the branch-
lets, about ‘5 in. long (including the stamens), white, clavate in bud,
some sessile and others on very short, stout pedicels. Calyx ‘*Zd in. long,
funnel-shaped gradually tapering to the thick base ; the mouth truncate.
Petals 5, orbicular, calyptrate. #ruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 3526.

Allied to Z. Prainiana, but differing in the truncate calyx-limb, sessile panicles
and thinner young branches the bark of which moreover is nearly white.

70. Evu@nnia LévicAcLis, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. If, 492.
A tree ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, very pale.
Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, shortly and

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 117

abruptly acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface dark-olivaceous
(when dry) and shining, the midrib bold and depressed and the nerves
not depressed but faint; lower surface chocolate-brown, dull, the numer-
ous nerves and reticulations indistinct, the intramarginal line very
close to the edge, faint; length 3°5 to 45 in.; breadth 1 to 1°6 in.;
petioles ‘2 to ‘3in. Panicles mostly terminal, but a few in the upper
axils, condensed, much shorter than the leaves ; branches few, crowded,
very stout, obscurely 4-angled, shining. Flowers ‘5 or ‘6 in, long
(including the stamens), in threes at the apices of the branchlets, the
middle one on a short thick pedicel, the lateral pair sessile. Calyz
‘25 in. long, campanulate, tapering regularly to the base; the mouth
with 5 small, bluntly triangular teeth reflexed after flowering. Petals
orbicular, much larger than the calyx-teeth, calyptrate. Fruit when
ripe as large as a cherry, depressed at both ends, pulpy, the apex
crowned by the small circular remains of the calyx. Duthie in Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IL, 492 (in part). H. inophylla, ? in Wall. Cat. 3600 and
not of Roxb. |

. .«.Mataccsa: Maingay Herb. prop. 3012 (K.D. 753 in part). Penana:
Wallich ; Curtis 750, 666, 2246, 2247.

Hitherto collected only in Malacca and Penang. This is one of tliree plants
issued doubtfully by Wallich as E, inophylla, Roxb. ; and one of two issued from
Herb. Kew, as 753 Maingay. There are in Herb. Kew, three Maingayan sheets
under the distribution 753. Two of these bore the same number in Maingay’s
own collection, viz., 3012: the third, which is imperfect, bore his 1558, and is
a different plant from his 3012 and is really H. anisosepala, Duthie. E. levicaulis
is allied to H. oblata, Roxb., but has more contracted panicles with much shorter
branches, more oblong flower-buds, shorter stamens, more faintly nerved leaves
which are usually smaller.

71. Euaznia Goopenovit, King n. sp. A tree, 50 to 70 feet high ;
young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-quill, terete, with com-
_ pressed nodes, the bark dull pale: yellowish-grey. Leaves coriaceous,
oblong-elliptic, rarely somewhat lanceolate, the base much cuneate, the
apex acute or sometimes shortly and bluntly acuminate’; both surfaces
rather dull when dry, yellowish-brown, the lower somewhat paler, the
main-nerves many pairs, inconspicuous on either surface as are the
secondary nerves and the reticulations; the intramarginal nerve faint,
about ‘1 in. from the edge; length 3°5 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.;
petioles *2 to ‘3 in. Panicles terminal and from the axils of a few of the
upper leaves, 1°5 to 2 in. long and about as broad; the branches few,
spreading, obscurely 4-angled. Flowers shortly pedicelled, (when
expanded) from. °2 to ‘3 in. across, the buds clavate from °2 to ‘3 in. long.
Calyx funnel-shaped, the mouth with 4 broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4,,
sub-orbicular, calyptrate. rut broadly urn-shaped, the apex broad

118 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

and truncate, crowned in the middle by the short conical remains of the
style, about *5 in. in diam. when dry and about ‘6 in. long, the base
with a fleshy papilla and a short stout stalk. Syz. rigidum, Wall. Cat.

308].
Matacea: ?; Wallich; Goodenough 1759. Senancor: King’s Collector
8741. Disrri.—Java.

Wallich’s specimens of this are referred in the Flora of British India to
E. chlorantha, Duthie. The better examples collected since Wallich’s time by
Messrs. Goodenough and Kunstler however shew this to be a distinct species,
Wallich’s specific name for which would have been retained but for the priority of
DeCandolle’s Eugenia rigida. This strongly resembles HZ. Zippelliana, Miq., as that
species is represented at Kew.

72. HuGENIA LINOCIEROIDEA, King. A tree, 40 to 50 feet high;
young branches when in flower as thick as a crow-quill (thicker when
in fruit), dark-brown. eaves coriaceous, lanceolate, shortly acuminate,
the base cuneate; both surfaces of an olivaceous, leaden colour when
dry, the upper very dark and shining, the nerves numerous, indistinct:
the lower paler and dull, the nerves straight spreading, black, inter-
arching less than °05 in. from the edge, the reticulations not prominent:
length 2 or (rarely) 3 in.; breadth °6 to 1 in.; petioles lin. Panicles
terminal, as long as the leaves when in flower (longer when in fruit),
much branched, many-flowered, broader than long: main-branches sub-
horizontal, somewhat 4-angled, the branchlets acutely so. Flowers °4
in. long (including the stamens), sessile, the buds clavate. Calyx °3 in.
long, funnel-shaped, the lower half narrowed into a vertically ridged
pseudo-stalk; the mouth with 4 deep, broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4,
sub-orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit oblong, with deep rugulose, vertical
ridges, the apex crowned by the enlarged calyx-limb and its 4 inflexed
teeth: length (unripe) °35 in.

Perak: King’s Collector 4580, 7980, 8094; Wray 1898, 2595.

73. HKuGENtIaA MyRtiFoLiA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Br. Ind. IT,
490. A shrub or small tree; young branches 4-angled, pale-brown,
the older terete, greyish. Leaves thinly coriaceous, lanceolate to broadly
ovate, shortly acuminate, the base acute: both surfaces shining, dotted,
when dry brown, the lower paler; nerves close and numerous, thin but
distinct on both surfaces; length 1°5 to 2°5 in. ; breadth °75 to 1°35 in. ;
petiole *15 to ‘2 in. Panicles mostly terminal but a few from the upper
leaf-axils, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; branches lax, spreading,
corymbose, 4-angled. Flowers °3 in. long (including the stamens)
sessile or pedicellate on the apices of the brauchlets in twos or threes.
Calyx 15 in. long, clavate, the mouth with 4 very narrow lobes or
almost truncate. Petals 4, orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit globular, pisi-
form, pulpy, bluish-black, smooth, crowned by the cupular, truncate calyx-

OS ¢ ‘
SESS a ee

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 119

limb, 1-seeded. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 483 ;3Wight Il. II,
15; Ic. t. 618; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67;
For. Fl. I, 486. Syzygium myrtifolium, DC. Prodr. I1I, 261 ; Wall. Cat.
3571 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, Pt. 1, 456. C. oleina, Wight Il. II, 15.

Sincapore: Wallich. Prnane: Wallich, Perak: Wray 2703,
King’s Collector 8379.

74. Kucenta Stapriana, King n. sp. A shrub, 2 to 6 feet high;
young branches rigid, slender, 4-angled, the bark brown and deciduous
in long flakes. eaves very coriaceous, lanceolate or broadly elliptic
tapering to the blunt sub-acute (occasionally rounded and retuse) apex,
the base slightly cuneate or rounded; both surfaces olivaceous-brown
when dry, the upper with large scattered pits, the lower paler, not
dotted or pitted, nerves and reticulations very indistinct on both
surfaces, the midrib distinct on the lower: length ‘5 to 1 in.; breadth
-4, to °8 in.; petiole under] in. Panicles terminal, shorter than or as long
as the leaves, few-flowered; the branches few, rigid, stout, square and
with 4 thick wings. Flowers ‘3 in. long, with several bracteoles at
their insertion on the short, stout, papillose pedicels. Culy# ‘15 in.
long, narrowly campanulate, slightly inflated below the middle, ribbed
and densely papillose externally, the mouth slightly expanded and with
4, or 5 spreading rounded teeth. Petals orbicular, free. Stamens about
"15 in. long. Fruit sub-globular, crowned by the calyx lobes, white.

Perak: Scortechint 3886; Wray 216, 1582, 1619: at elevations of
5000 to 7000 feet.

This belongs to a group of dwarf montane species of Evgenia well-represented
on the mountains of Ceylon and Southern British India and of which some species
from the mountain of Kina Balu in Borneo have recently been described and
figured in the Linnzan Transactions by Dr. O. Stapf. of the Kew Herbarium. The
nearest ally of this is H. kinabaluensis, Stapf., from which this is distinguished by
its larger inflorescence with winged branchlets, granular calyx-tube and pedicels, and
less rotund leaves, entire (not retuse) at the apex.

75. Hocenta Wrayl, King n.sp. A small tree; young branches
obtusely 4-angled, brown (when dry) smooth, the older terete, rough,
the bark grey. Leaves thickly coriaceous, broadly elliptic or sub-rotund
the apex obtuse or sub-obtuse entire, not narrowed at the base: upper
surface brown, the nerves and reticulations faint, the midrib depressed ;
lower surface pale sub-glaucous, the nerves and reticulations numerous
and distinct, the midrib broad; length °75 to 1:35 in.; breadth
65 to 1°15 in.; petiole *1 in. or less. Panicles solitary, compact,
terminal, in a short peduncle; its branches short and stout, slightly
4-angled, not winged or papillose. Flowers greenish, °385 in. long,
(including the stamens) sessile in clusters of 3 or 4 at the ends of the
branchlets, with a single deciduous bracteole at the base of each, the buds

120 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

shortly clavate. Calyx funnel-shaped, °15 in. long ; not much narrowed
to the base, smooth ; the mouth with 5 unequal, broad rounded lobes.
Petals calyptrate. Stamens short. Fruit unknown.

Perak: at elevations of 5,000 to 7, 000 feet ; Wray 32], 1504, 3859 ;
Scortechint 313.

This is another of the dwarf montane species. It resembles the Nitgint
E. calophyllifolia, Wight, very closely indeed and the differences between the leaves
of the two can be appreciated only by comparison of actual specimens. The reticu-
lations in the lower surface of this are finer and the enclosed spaces shorter,
E. calophyllifolia has 4-merous flowers and the flowers of this are 5-merous. Fruit
of this is at present unknown. From it, when found, a good character may, it is
hoped, be obtained. ;

76. Eucrnia setosa, King n. sp. A shrub or creeper: young
branches as thick as a crow-quill, dark-brown, densely clothed on the
rachis and branches of the inflorescence with coarse subulate hairs
mixed with brown scurf. Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong-
lanceolate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base rounded; upper
surface (when dry) olivaceous with minute scattered black dots, the
lower tinged with brown, minutely pustulate: nerves very numerous
and close, sub-horizontal, interarching very near the slightly recurved
minutely undulate edge; length 1:35 to 2°75 in. ; breadth *4 to ‘85 in. ;
petiole under *l in. Panicles axillary and terminal, about as long as
the leaves, pedunculate, with spreading many-flowered branches.
Flowers crowded on the branchlets, *4 in. long (including the stamens),
clavate, the buds with globular apex abruptly contracted below, sessile
or on short pedicels. Calyw campanulate above, contracted about the
middle into a pseudo-stalk; the mouth truncate but with 5 small
triangular deciduous lobes. Petals orbicular, deciduous. Fruit tur-
binate, crowned by the small truncate calyx-limb, minutely covered
with pellucid, granule-like glands ; length and breadth about °35 in.

Perak: Wray 2704; King’s Collector 5266, 6601, 6793. |

77, EUGENIA INASENSIS, King n. sp. A small white-flowered tree ;
young branches thicker than a crow-quill, terete with compressed
nodes; the bark pale and rather smooth. Leaves: coriaceous, broadly
elliptic to elliptic-oblong, sometimes slightly obovate, much tapered to
the base, the apex with a short, abrupt blunt point, the edges recurved ;
when dry, the upper surface shining, pale yellowish-brown, the midrib
depressed ; the lower paler and dull, the midrib bold; main-nerves
inconspicuous on both; length 2°5 to 4 in.; breadth 1°25 to 2°25 in. ;
petiole 2 to ‘4 in. Panicles much shorter tae the leaves, tertaiaal
or from the upper leaf-axils, solitary or several together, pedunculate,
usually 3-branched, the peduncle, and branches dark-coloured, com-
pressed. Flowers in threes, ‘3 to ‘4 in, in diam. when expanded, their

1901.|. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 121

buds obovoid nearly ‘2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, sessile, not tapering
into a pseudo-stalk, the mouth with 5 small rounded pment or truncate.
Petals 5, ovbicular-calyptrate. Fruit unknown.

ee or Gunong Inas at elevations of about 5,000 feet; Wray
4144, 4150, 5154.

A species known only from Mount Inas. It is allied to Z. subdecussata, Duthie,
in many respects, but differs from that species in having petiolate leaves tapering
much to the base and having recurved edges. The main nerves are, moreover, less
distinct and the under surface is not dotted. The twigs also differ in being very
pale in colour instead of brown.

78. HoGenta suppecussata, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,
491, A tree or shrub; young branches sub-terete, compressed below
the nodes, brown. Leaves sessile or nearly so, coriaceous, elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, rarely somewhat obovate-elliptic, (sub-rotund in var.
montana), tapering but little to either end, the apex sometimes with a
short blunt acumen, the base minutely cordate; both surfaces dark-
brown when dry, the upper polished; the lower slightly paler and
pellucid-dotted ; nerves numerous but not prominent on either surface,
the midrib prominent on the lower; length 2 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°35 to
3 in.; petiole very short or absent (about ‘1 in. long in var. montana);
Panicles terminal, shorter than the leaves, pedunculate, the peduncle
and all the branches and branchlets much compressed ; the branches
short, crowded. Flowers *55 in. long (including the stamens), sessile in
heads on the apices of the branchlets ; the buds shortly clavate. . Calyx
funnel-shaped, the mouth with 5 small triangular teeth. Petals calyp-
trate. Frutt globular, crowned by the small calyx-cup, smooth, °5 or ‘6
in. indiam. Syzygiwm subdecussatum, Wall. Cat. 3589 in part.
Singapore: Wallich; Ridley 4662, 4814, 9498, 10889. Matacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 740; Derry 476, 975; Ridley 1985. Perak: King’s
Collector ; Scortechint ; very common from the sea-level to elevations of
5,000 feet.

A species readily: recognised by the elliptic polished leaves, tapering very little
to either end, also by the compressed short branchlets of the inflorescence and the
shortly clavate flowers.
var. colorata, King; panicle very condensed, flower-bnds longer
than in the typical form, leaves when dry tinged with red. #H. colorata,
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT.

. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 749.
«Only a single specimen of this is known. It appears to mea form of £, sub-
decussata, and unworthy of specific rank.
VAR. montana, King; shrubby; leaves often sub-rotund or obovoid

élliptic, from 1 to 2°5 in. long ; panicles longer than the leaves,
J. u. 16

122.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Perak: Scortechini 294; Wray 217, 3844. King’s Collector 8030.

Syzygium apodum, Miq., a Sumatran species, closely resembles this but has

thicker leaves with strongly recurved margins.

79. Eucenta punotonata, King. A tree, 30 to 50 feet high; young
branches thinner than a goose-quill, slightly compressed, the bark
pale-brown, deciduous: in flakes, and the older branches grey. Leaves
coriaceous, obovate or oblanceolate, the apex broad and usually blunt
but sometimes with a short point, much narrowed at the base, the
edges slightly. recurved; upper surface olivaceous (when dry),
shining, the nerves indistinct; lower olivaceous-brown, the numerous
straight nerves and reticulations faint; léngth 15 to 3 in.; breadth
1 to 1°75 in.; petiole *2 to ‘25 in. Panicles rather lax, terminal, longer
than the leaves (often twice as long, especially in the fruiting stage) :
- branches numerous, spreading, compressed or 4-angled, many-flowered.
Flowers sessile at the apices of the branchlets with a few scarious
bracteoles at their bases. Calyx campanulate, only *] in. long, its
‘mouth obscurely 4-toothed, smooth. Petals deciduous. Fruit ovoid,
much wrinkled when dry and crowned by the wide calyx-limb, °4 in.
long (unripe). Syzygium punctulatum, Wall. Cat. 3583. Jambosa punc-
tulata, Miq. FJ. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 310.

SrvgaporE: Wallich. Perak: King’s Collector 3475, 3782, 6426,
6671, 6937, 10984; Wray 1125, 3972. Sineaarort: Ridley 3893, 4988,
4989, 6540. Matacca: Derry 1154. Distris.—Borneo.

This is doubtfully referred in the Flora of British India to E. pyrifolia, Wall.
The more complete specimens collected since that Flora was published show that
F. punctulata is a perfectly distinct species.

80. Evcenia Bracteouata, Wight Ill. IJ, 15: Ic. t. 531. A tree,
30 to 60 feet high; young branches boldly 4-angled, pale-brown, about
as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-obovate or oblanceo-
late, the apex broad and with a short blunt apiculus, rarely sub-acute,
the base cuneate: when dry the upper surface dark-brown, shining,
obscurely pitted, the nerves faint and impressed ; the lower paler brown,
neither pitted or dotted, the numerous pairs of horizontal nerves and
the wide reticulations slightly distinct, the midrib very prominent ;
length 5 to 5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole “3 to ‘5 in. Panicles
terminal, as long as the leaves, with small, ovate, concave bracteoles at
all its nodes, corymbose, many-flowered, the branches few, the branch-
lets numerous and all (like the peduncle) acutely 4-angled and grooved.
Flowers in threes at the apices of the branchlets: bibracteolate at the
base and on short pedicels, ‘3 in. long including the stamens, globular-
clavate in bud. Calyx -15 in. long, shortly infundibuliform, rugulose,

the mouth with 4 rounded lobes, Petals whitish, calyptrate. Fruit

we eS eee

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 123

oblong, tapering to each end, the apex crowned by the 4 persistent
_ecalyx-teeth, minutely rugulose, length (very wnripe) *25in. Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 66; For. Flora Burm. I, 482;
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 488.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 770. Penana: Ourtis 1089, 3175.
Perak: very common. Distris.—Burma: Grifith (K.D.) 2387; Helfer
(K.D.) 2386, 2373.

Easily recognised by its profusely bracteolate inflorescence and acutely 4-
angled branches and panicle. Cwrtis’s 1089 is when dry of a much paler colour than
the Perak specimens, otherwise it agrees. ;

81. EuGenia venutosa, Wall. in Cat. ex Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. II, 490. A tree, 20 to 25 feet high ; young branches thicker than
a crow-quill, terete, pale. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-rhomboid to oblan-
ceolate, the apex obtuse or sub-acute, the base cuneate ; upper surface
pale-brown often with an olivaceous tint (when dry), dotted, shining,
duller, the nerves faint ; under surface paler, and not olivaceous, the main-
nerves 10 to 14 pairs, rather straight, sub-erect, not much more promi-
nent than the secondary nerves, both sets connected by numerous loops,
the intramarginal nerves about ‘1 in. distant from the slightly recurved
edge; length 2 to 3 in.; breadth ‘8 to 2°2in.; petiole ‘1 to °15 in.
Panicles terminal, broadly corymbose, much-branched, usually shorter
or not much longer than the leaves (longer in var.); peduncle and
branches 4-angled, the flowers in threes at the apices of the branchlets,
clavate in bud, sessile. Calyx *2 in. long, rugulose, campanulate in
its upper half, the lower contracted, the mouth truncate, or slightly
lobed.. Petals calyptrate. Fruzt globular, submamillate, the apex with
a deep, circular, entire pit bounded by the calyx-walls, *5 in. in diam.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2405; Maingay (K.D.) 741. Srnaarore:
Wallich ; Ridley 5985. Jonore: 4986. Purax: Scortechini 188; Wray
3016.

VAR. macrothyrsa ; panicles longer than the leaves and as much as
4 in. broad.

Matacea: Griffith (K.D.) 2405; Derry 21; Maingay (K.D.) 719.
JOHORE: Ridley 4196. Perak: Scortechini 188.

82. EuGEnia psEUDO-sUBTILIS, King. A tree, 30 or 40 feet high;
young branches pale greyish-yellow, or almost white, slightly thicker
than a crow-quill, terete. eaves very coriaceous, narrowly oblong-
elliptic tapering from the middle to each end, the apex sub-acute or
obtuse, the base cuneate; both surfaces when dry dull, pale-brown; the”
upper pellucid-pitted and the nerves faint; the lower paler not pitted,
the midrib prominent but the 5 to 7 pairs of main-nerves faint, sub-
erect, curved, not interarching near the edge, length 2°25 to 4 in. ;

124 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

breadth 1°1 to. 1°25.in. petiole °5 to °75 im. Panicles shorter than or.
nearly as long as the leaves, axillary and terminal, often 2 or 3 together,
few-branched ; the branches divaricate, 4-angled, few-flowered, tricho-
tomous. Flowers sessile, small. Calyx only °05 in. long, at first almost
cylindric slightly narrowed to the base, afterwards urn-shaped and
finally globular, the mouth with a projecting rim, truncate but with 4
broad, shallow teeth. Fruit the size and shape of a pepper-corn, smooth,
surmounted by the small remains of the calyx and by the base of the style.
E. brachiata, Duthie (not of Roxb.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, (in part).
‘Penance: Curtis 8475. Perak: King’s Collector 6946. SinGavore:
Ridley 4990. |
var. platyphylla ; leaves broader than in the typical form, elliptic,

oblanceolate-oblong, sub-acute or with broad rounded apex, the base
always cuneate. |

Singapore: Ridley 3962. Matacca: Derry; Scortechint. Prax:
Penane: Curtis 32. Syzyg. ribesoides, Wall. Cat. 3553. Syzyg. cinereum,
Wall. Cat. 3576.
--VAR. subacuminata ; leaves bluntly acuminate.

Prnane: King’s Collector 1793. .

This species closely resembles S. subtile, Mig., in its pale branches, in the shape
and texture of its leaves and in its flowers. The leaves however have only about
one-third as many nerves. The two are however very near.

83. Huapnia microcatyx, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 493.
A tree, 40 to 50 feet high; young branches slender, 4-angled, brown.
Leaves coriaceous, oblong-obovate or oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, much
narrowed from the middle to the base; upper surface blackish-brown
when dry, the nerves faint: lower warm-brown the nerves and midrib
prominent; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, rather straight, ascending,
interarching °15 in. from the edge in a bold wavy line; the edges much
and irregularly recurved when dry; length 2:25 to 35 in.; breadth
1:25 to 2 in.; petiole 25 to 3 in. Panicles terminal and axillary, as long
as or longer than the leaves, on long slender peduncles; branches and
branchlets lax, spreading, compressed, with minutely triangular persist-
ent bracteoles at their bases. Flowers yellowish-white, sessile, in heads
at the ends of the branchlets, small (only :2 in. long including the
stamens), bracteolate at the base. Caly« ‘15 in. long, funnel-shaped,
minutely granular; the mouth with 4 small distant triangular lobes.
Petals 4, calyptrate. Fruit (probably unripe) as large as a pepper-corn,

.globular, crowned by the wide calyx-limb, white tinged with red.

Mauacca: Grifith (K.D.) 2410 (in part), 2411. Derry 3531 ; Main-
gay (K.D.) 727, 731. Stvaarorn: Ridley 2054, Perak: King’s
Collector 5986, 5990, 6627, 8129, 8700, 10417, 10735.

a ae.

_——-

190).]. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 125

var. obovata; leaves obovate or obovate- lanceolate.
Pprak: King’s Collector 6627, 10417, 8129, 8700, 5990, 5986, 8700.

84. Hugenra scoparia, Wall. Cat. 3594. A tree? Young bitte

about as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale-brown, smooth. Leaves

coriaceous, oblanceoJate to obovoid, occasionally elliptic-lanceolate, the
apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base always cuneate ;. upper surface brown
and with numerous small pits, the lower paler and with numerous
minute black glands, midrib depressed on the upper and prominent
on the lower surface, tle nerves almost invisible on both; length 1-25
to 2°25 in.; breadth °6 to. l-l in. Panicles terminal and from the upper
leaf axils, longer than the leaves, on slender, rather long, 4-augled
peduncles bearing near the apex a few divaricate laxly-flowered branches.
Flower-buds clavate, about 15 in. long; mouth of calyx wide, shortly
4-lobed, the tube short and abruptly contracted at the base.. Mruit
almost globular with a truncate apex, smooth, ‘1 in. in diam. Duthie
in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 489. Syzygium scoparim, Wall. MSS. ?
S. avene, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. I, 312.
Sicgnapore: Wallich. Matacca: Goodenough 1649.

Specimens of a species nearly allied to this were collected at Changi in Singa-
pore by Mr. Ridley in October.1890 and again at Selangor (Herb. 7555) in 1896.
They differ in having the leaves broader, more pronounced obovate, and almost
without dots or glands.

85. Eucenia myrtantHa, King n. sp. A tall tree; young branches
slightly thicker than a crow-quill, terete. Leaves very coriaceous,
oblanceolate sub-acute, the base much narrowed; when dry upper
surface pale-brown, shining, dotted; the lower darker brown, dull,
sub-glaucous; nerves 3 or 4 pairs, on each side very faint, distant,
ascending : reticulations on both surfaces invisible, the edges slightly
recurved ; length 1 to 1°75 in. ; breadth ‘5 to ‘75 in.; petiole ‘25 to ‘3 in.
Panicles ae numerous, longer than the leaves, terminal or in the
upper axils, pedunculate ; branches numerous, spreading, the branchlets
quadrangular and bearing at their apices numerous small sessile flowers
with broad rounded bracteoles at their bases. Flowers only 1 in. long,
truncate in bud. Calyx cylindric, the mouth very obscurely lobed.
Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 337. |

A species resembling EH. microcalyx, Duthie, in its inflorescence and very small

flowers and also in the character of the venation of the leaves which however are
much smaller,

86. HuGcnnia vereconpa, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 496.
A small tree ; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, pale yellow,
terete, smooth. Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, the base

126 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,~

broadly cuneate; upper surface brown when dry, shining; the lower
very pale brown, dull; the numerous nerves, reticulations and intra-
marginal nerve rather distinct on both surfaces but especially on the
upper when dry; length 2 to 3in.; breadth ‘75 to 1'5 in.; petiole 35
to 6 in.; slender. Panicles crowded at the apices of the branches and
in one or two of the upper leaf-axils, shorter than the leaves, on short
peduncles, the branches slender, lax, 4-angled. Flowers only *15 in.
long, sessile or on short pedicles, clavate, constricted immediately below
the turbinate apex. Calyz-tube somewhat ribbed, the wide mouth with
4 shallow distaut lobes. Petals calyptrate. Fruit unknown. Syzygium
verecundum, Wall. Cat. 3579.

Matacca: Griffith. Penanc: Wallich. Srncarore: Ridley 9486.
PaneKkoRE: Scortechini 163. |

87. Eucenta SwetrendaMiAna, King n. sp. A tree, 60 to 70 feet
high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, very pale,
faintly striate. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic-oblong to obovate-
lanceolate narrowed to the rounded base, the apex shortly and bluntly
acuminate ; upper surface dark-brown the nerves and midrib impressed ;
lower surface pale-brown, the midrib and main-nerves prominent; the
Jatter 9 to 12 pairs curved and interarching to form a stout intramar-
ginal nerve ‘1 in. from the margin, the reticulations indistinct on both
surfaces ; length 3:5 to 4 in.; breadth 1:2 to 1:75 in.; petiole °25 to °35
in. Panicles several together at the ends of the branches, as long (with
their peduncles) as the leaves or longer, each bearing near its apex a
few slender 3-flowered umbellate branches, the branchlets, peduncle-
branches and branchlets compressed and 4-angled. Flowers greenish-
white, °35 in. across when expanded ; the buds before expansion clavate,
‘2in. long. Calyx funnel-shaped, sessile, contracted at the base, its
mouth with 4 broad, rounded, deciduous lobes. Petals 4, sub-orbicular,
free, as large as the calyx-lobes. Stamens short. Fruit unknown.

Perak : Scortechint ; King’s Collector 7590.

A species near E. pseudo-subtile, King, but with oblanceolate leaves and long
slender pedunculate umbellate panicles crowded at the apices of the twig, Named
to commemorate the help afforded in the Botanical exploration of Perak by Sir
Frank Swettenham, K.C.M.G.

88. EuGeNIA ACUMINATISSIMA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; Fl. Br. Burm. I, 487. A tree, 20 to 50 feet high;
young branches about as thick as a crow-quill, slightly compressed, the
bark pale-brown, peeling off in vertical flakes. Leaves coriaceous,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the apex caudate-acuminate, the base
cuneate; both surfaces pale-brown when dry, the upper tinged with
olivaceous, shining, the midrib depressed, the main-nerves 15 to 20
pairs, slightly raised, faint; lower surface darker than the upper, the

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127

nerves faint, the intramarginal line rather less than ‘1 in. from the
edge; length 2°5 to 4in.; breadth ‘9 to 14 in.; petiole ‘2 to °25 in.
Panicles usually large, lax, many-branched, pedunculate, longer than
the leaves, mostly terminal but some also from the upper leaf-axils:
branches acutely 4-angled, the upper also compressed. Flowers numer-
ous, small, white, sessile, usually in threes from the ends of the branch-
lets, ‘2 in. long (including the stamens). Calya turbinate-clavate,
nearly ‘2 in. long, the lower half contracted, the upper part turbinate
its mouth truncate or very obscurely toothed. Petals 5 or 6, minute,
rotund, clawed, erose, free. Fruit depressed-globular, crowned by the
minute circular remains of the calyx, *4 to ‘5 in. broad and about ‘35 to
‘4.in. long. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 483. Jambosa acumina-
tissima, Hassk. in Flora (1849), 592; Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. I, 438. Syzyqg.
altissimum, Wall. Cat. 3588. Myrtus acuminatissima, Blume Bijdr.
1088.

In all the Provinces except the Nicobar Islands. Distr1s.—Burma,
Sumatra.

89. HEucrenra Konstueri, King n. sp. A tall tree; young branches
thinner than a goose-quill, terete, pale. Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, much narrowed at the base: upper surface brown
(when dry), with small depressed dots, the nerves indistinct: lower pale-
brown with numerous small black dots: main-nerves bold on the under
surface, 8 to*10 pairs, curving upwards and interarching ‘1 to ‘15 in.
from the edge; length 3°5 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2°25 in.; petiole
‘4to ‘5 in. Panicles terminal or from the upper leaf-axils, much shorter
than the leaves; the short peduncle and the numerous spreading
branches 4-angled, with many small pustules, minutely bracteolate at
the divisions. Flowers small, numerous, greenish-yellow, in threes at the
apices of the branchlets, sessile. Calyx 1 in., funnel-shaped, the mouth
with 4 obscure broad teeth. Petals orbicular. Fruit ovoid, contracted
somewhat at the base and crowned by the short wide calyx-limb,
smooth, °5—"6 in. long.

Perak: King’s Collector 3310, 83680. Penance: Curtis 179.

A species of which the nearest allies are EH. pustulata, Duthie, and EZ. brachiata,
Roxb., but with more slender panicles and smaller flowers than the former and more
acuminate leaves than the latter. It also resembles HZ. minutiflora, Miq., but that
has broadly ovate shortly acuminate leaves and shorter panicles.

90. EuGrenta postonata, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 495,
A tree, 20 to 50 feet high ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,
terete, pale-brown, minutely warted. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base : upper
surface (when dry) smooth, shining, greenish, the nerves usually

128 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. },

indistinct; the lower brown with many minute papille especially on the
prominent midrib; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, curving upwards and
interarching *l in. from the margin, pale, and prominent on the lower
surface ; length 4°5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°35 to 2°25; petiole °3 to °4 in.
Panicles small, several together, shorter than the leaves, terminal or
from the upper leaf-axils, branching from the base, the branches spread-
ing, papillose, stout, 4-angled. Flowers few, sessile, ‘25 in. long
(including the stamens), truncate in bud. Calyx campanulate, minutely
papillose externally ; the mouth wide and with 4 short, broad, sub-acute
lobes. Petals calyptrate. Fruit globular, the apex with a circular pit
surrounded by the wide, short, cupular remains of the calyx, smooth,
*4 to °5 in. in diam. |

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 751. Sincapore: Ridley 4657, 4979,
6420, 6421. Perak: King’s Collector 3724, 6758, 7536.

A species recognisable by its short stout panicles with short widely campanulate
flowers, and pustulate stems and panicles. The leaves (when dry) are distinguished
by their colour, greenish above and brown beneath. .

91. Eoucenta Koorperstana, King n.sp. A tree, 40 to 80 feet high ;
young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-qnill, terete, dark pur-
plish-brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or narrowly ovate,
rarely oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate ; both
surfaces (when dry) very dark brown, the lower slightly paler ;

; main-

nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving slightly and interarching ‘1 in. or more
from the edge, impressed on the upper surface slightly prominent on
the lower; length 2:75 to 3°75 in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petiole about
‘3in. Panicles terminal, usually much longer than the leaves, corym-
bose, many-branched, the peduncle and branches sharply 4-angled,
compressed at the nodes; branchlets 3- to 5-flowered at the apex.
Flowers white, clavate in bud, sessile. Calyx campanulate, 4-angled,
"15 in. long, contracted for half its length into a pseudo-stalk; the
mouth with 4 deep, broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4, sub-rotund, calyp-
trate. Fruit unknown. |

Perak: Scortechini 257; King’s Collector 6208, 6233, 6385.

When dry the leaves and panicles of this are very dark-coloured. Tt is allied
to E. pseudo-subtilis and E. Clarkeana, but differs from both in leaves’ I have
named it in honour of Dr. S. H. Koorders of the Forest Dept. in Netherlands India.

92. Evacenta stmutans, King n. sp. A tree, 30 to 40 feet high,
with pendulous branches: young branches terete, the very youngest
compressed and about as thick asa crow-quill, brown. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and rather bluntly
acuminate, the base cuneate; both sides dark-brown and shining when
dry, the lower paler and duller, slightly olivaceous; nerves numerous,

1901.] G. King—Materials for a. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 129

straight, inconspicuous like the reticulations, intramarginal nerve: very
near the.edge; length 4°5 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°75 to to 2:25 in.; petiole
3 to “4in. Panicles mostly axillary, sometimes terminal, 3 to 4 in.
long, pedunculate, pyramidal, the branches nearly horizontal, all terete.
Flowers mostly in threes at the apices of the branchlets, sessile, clavate
in bud. Calyx nearly °15 in. long, obconic, with a sub-obtuse base ; the
mouth thickened, undulate, indistinctly 5-toothed. -Petuls coly persian
' Stamens unequal. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 83, 274. 3 .

This resembles FE. Bernardi, King, but differs in having clavate, not shortly
obovoid, flower-buds, and in its panicles being usually lateral not terminal. The
leaves of the two are much alike. Ridley’s specimens collected in the garden jungle
(8104 and 9845) probably belong to this but the panicle is.laxer and its branches
thinner.

93. Eucenta Cortisir, King n. sp. A tree, 60 to 80 feet high;
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, the bark brown and
peeling off in flakes. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-
elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, the apex shortly and bluntly acuminate,
the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved when dry, both surfaces
when dry pale olivaceous-brown, shining, obscurely pustulate, the
lower less shining and darker in colour than the upper and with
numerous very distinct minute conical concolorous pustules; the midrib
depressed on the upper but prominent and pustulate on the lower
surface; main and secondary nerves numerous, spreading, interarching
less than ‘1 in. from the slightly recurved edge, rather distinct on the
lower but faint on the upper surfaces ; length 3 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1 to
21 in. ; petioles ‘15 to ‘2in. Panicles terminal, from half as long as to

as long as the leaves, branched from the base, dense, many-flowered,
broader than long, the main-branches spreading, terete, the secondary
and tertiary acutely 4-angled, all stout, the bark very granular,
ultimately flakey. Flowers crowded at the ends of the branchlets, ’*2 in.
long (including the stamens), sub-globosein bud. Calyx campanulate,
narrowed to the base and produced into a short pseudo-stalk, granular,
shining; the mouth wide, with 5 small, broadly triangular teeth.
Petals 5, papillose outside, orbicular, Pcalyptrate. Frwit unknown.

Perak: Wray 2968, 3102; King’s Collector 6149. ,

VAR. minor; flowers smaller (rather less than °2 in. long, including
the stamens): Calyx not produced into a pseudo-stalk, its mouth
obscurely lobed: leaves 2°5 to 3 in. long. |

Perak: Wray 194, Manacca: Harvey.

94, HucEsra opercunata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Br. Ind, Il; 486.
A tree, 30 to 50 feet high; young branches slightly compressed, dottéd
and grooved at first, afterwards terete, the bark pale-brown at first but

J. 1. 17

130 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

ultimately grey. eaves thinly coriaceous, variable in shape, ovate-
oblong to elliptic and (in var. 2) obovate, shortly acuminate, bluntly
apiculate or (in vAR. 2) obtuse, the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous
when dry, the lower paler and minutely dotted: main-nerves distinct on
the lower surface, 8 to 12 pairs, curved, ascending, becoming faint towards
the intramarginal nerve: length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1°6 to 2°2 in.;
petiole: ‘2 to ‘3 in. Puanicles from the branches below the leaves,
2 or 3 inches long, pedunculate, spreading, lax; the branches divaricate,
trichotomous, 4-angled. Flowers in threes at the apices of the. branchlets,
greenish, sessile. Calya# smooth, campanulate, contracted at the base ;
the limb truncate. Petuls 4, calyptrate, orbicular, concave, about °1 in.
across. Jruit pisiform, smooth, very dark purple, pulpy, 1-seeded.
Wizht Ic. t. 552; Brandis For. Fl. 234; Kurz For. Fl. I, 483; Duthie
in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 498. H. cerasoides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92;
Fl. Ind. II, 488; Wight Ic. t. 615; Mig. Anal. Bot. Ind. I, 27; Fl. Ind.
Bat. I, Pt. 1, 443; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 66;
For. FI. I, 484. Syzygium nervosum, DC. Prodr. IIT, 260; Mem. Myrt.
II, 16; Wall. Cat. 3551 A&B; 3553 B&C (under LH. ribesiotdes) ;
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 119; Thwaites Enum. 417 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. l.c. 460 ;
Bedd. FI. Sylv. Anal. Gen. CVI. 8S. costatum, nodosum, and angkolanum,
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1.c. 448. Calyptranthes mangiferifolia, Hance in Walp.
Ann. II, 629. 0. costata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3556. 0. grandis and
C. Tatna, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3554, 3555.

Perak : Scortechint 306. Penang: Curtis 1444. Distris. —British
India, S. China and the Malay Archipelago.
_ Two varieties have been separated off but I have no specimens of
either from any of the Provinces in our region. These are described as
follows by Mr. Duthie in Hooker’s Flora of British India.
vaR. Paniala ; berries ovale EH. Paniala, Roxb. Fl. Ind. TI, 489 ;

Wight Ic. t.616; Kurz For. Fl. 1,483. Syz. Panealla, Wall. Cat. 3557 | ?
Oalyptranthes cuneata, Ham. ?

VAR. obovata, Kurz For. Fl. I, 482; leaves obovate or oblanceolate,
cymes more compact. Syz. a Wall. Cat. 3552, not. of DC.
S. vastum, Wall. Cat. 3661. S. polyanthum, Thwaites ; At of Wight.

A third variety occurs in Perak but it has as yet been only once
collected: It may be distinguished as follows.

VAR. coriacea; leaves thicker than in the type and -not dotted or
very obscurely dotted on the lower surface.

Perak: Wray 2725, at Matong on the sea-coast.

95. Eveenta nicoparica, King. A tree ? Young branches rather
thinner than a goose-quill, terete, somewhat rough, grey. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, the apex sub-acute, the base cuneate};

1901.] G. King=Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 131

_ both surfaces (when dry) olivaceous-brown, the upper shining, with

the midrib and main-nerves depressed; the lower paler and. dull;
main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs, faint on both surfaces; reticulations few,
faintly visible on the lower invisible on the upper surface; length of
the lanceolate form 2°5 to 3 in., of the elliptic form 3 to 4°5 in.;
breadth respectively 1 to 1°5 in. and 1°5 to 2°5 in.; petiole °6 to ‘8 in.
Panicles numerous, crowded on the branches below the leaves, trichoto-
mous, 1 to 2 in. long, with a few divaricating, few-flowered branches.
Flowers in threes at the ends of the branchlets, *25 in. long (including
the stamens), sessile or on short, stout 4-angled pedicels, obovoid in
bud. Calyx ‘1 in. long, lengthening to -2 in. after fertilization, cam-
panulate with a 4 in. wide, truncate, irregularly toothed thickened mouth,
much narrowed to the base but not constricted into a pseudo-stalk.
Petals 4 orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit unknown. LH. occlusa, Kurz in
Hook. fil, Fl. Br. Ind. 11, 498 (not of Miquel).

_ Ntcopar Isuanps: Kurz. | s

This has been collected only in the Nicobar islands and there only by Kurz
who referred it to Syzygiwm occlusum, Mig. But it differs so much from an
authentic specimen of that species in the Horsfield collection and from Miquel’s own
description, that I have given it a new name.

-96. Evuaunta Jampotana, Lamk. Dict. III, 198. A small tree;
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, very pale: when dry.
Leaves coriaceous, rather variable, rotund-ovate to oblong-ovate, bluntly
and shortly acuminate, sub-acute or obtuse, slightly narrowed at the
base; both surfaces brown when dry, the under paler; nerves and
their connecting reticulations numerous, distinct when dry on both
surfaces but especially on the lower, intra-marginal nerve and midrib
prominent on the lower; length 2°5 to 4 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2°25,
petiole ‘6 to °75 in, Panicles from the branches below the leaves, much
branched ; the branches divaricate, all terete, many-flowered, longer
than the leaves. Flowers whitish, sessile, *4 in. across. Calyx cam-
panulate, suddenly contracted into a stout pseudo-stalk less than half
its length, the limb at first obscurely and broadly 4-toothed but
ultimately truncate. Petals 4, orbicular, rather more than ‘1 in. long,
calyptrate. Fruit ovoid-oblong, about the size of an olive, pulpy,
smooth, dark-purple, 1-seeded. Ham. in. Wern. Soc. Trans. V, 342;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. I], 484; Wight Ic. t. 535; Benth. Fl. Austral. IIT, 283;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. I, t. 197; Brandis For. Fl. 283; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; For, Fl. I, 485. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl,
Br. Ind. II, 499. Syz. Jambolanum, DC. Prodr. IIT, 259; Wall. Cat.
35960; W. and A. Prodr. I, 329; Dalz. and Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 93.
H. frondosa, Wall. Cat. 3560 G: not 3590. H. Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm.
V, 33. Calyptranthes Jambolana, Willd. Sp. Pl. II, 975. C. capitellata,

132 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1%,

Ham. in Wall: Cat. 3560 B. 2. caryophyllifolia, Lam. Dict.- III, 198%
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. II, 486; Wight Ic. IT, - 553.
. calyptrata, Roxb. Ic. 1142? Syz. caryophyllifolium, DC. Prodr. TIT,
259; Wall. Cat. 3562 partly, and 3551, C.; Thwaites Enum. 116.
S. Jambolanum, var. microcarpum, Thwaites Euum. 417; Wall. Cat.
3562°C.. Syz. lateriflorum, Royle. Myrtus Cumini, Linn.: exclude syn.
Rumph. and Burm.—Pluk. Alm. t. 274, 2. Rheede Hort. Mal. V, t. 29.
Rumph. Herb. Amb. I. t. 41. H. obtusifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl.
Ind. II, 485; Wight Ic. t. 620. Jambolifera pedunculata, Gaertn. Hanh,
T, 78, t. 36.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. I, t. 42; (bad).

~Not uncommon in cultivation in all the provinces and nilel in
British Iudia but rarely wild in any of the Malay provinces. The fruit
although rather austere is eaten, ! '

SPECIES OF DOUBTFUL POSITION.

The under-noted three species were described by Mr. Duthie in Hooker’s Flora
of British India. They are all founded on scanty specimens collected by Maingay.
I quote the author’s descriptions verbatim.

E. fusiformis, Duthie; young branches 4-gonous, leaves petioled obovate-lanceo-
late cuneate below subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, lateral nerves rather close, cymes
terminal compact branches angular and somewhat winged, flowers.2 or 3 together
on short pedicels, calyx-tube narrowly fusiform much produced above the ovary.

Mataya: Maingay 743.

Bark yellowish. Leaves 43 by 3in., shining a little above, minutely dover
midrib and nerves dark-coloured ; lateral nerves uniting within the margin; petiole
about in. Calyz-tube} in. in length and }in. across at the widest part; lobes 4,
rounded, reflexed after flowering. Style persistent, exserted portion equalling the
calyx-tube.—Closely allied to 2236 of Beccari’s Borneo plants.

E. maingayi, Duthie; leaves shortly petioled long oblong-lanceolate acuminate
rounded at the base, racemes short axillary or from the leafless axils of the rugged
lower branchlets, calyx-tube elongate clavate about 2 in. glandular, lobes 4 rounded
deciduous.

_ Mataya: Maingay 750.

Older branchlets with rugged corky bark, upper stout, terete, reddish. ties
43-73, by 13-24 in., indistinctly nerved above, midrib stout beneath ; petiole } in.
Style short, Bite: —This plant seems to approach nearest to H. claviflora, and has a
general resemblance to H. borneensis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 484 Canine but
the petioles of the latter are much longer,

E. tumida, Duthie ; leaves oblong-ovate or obovate shortly acuminate narrowed
at the base closely nerved, cymes terminal and axillary equalling or exceeding the
leaves, calyx-tube 3, in. narrow swollen below the middle.

Matacca : Maingay 755. . Py

_ Branchlets terete. Leaves 2}-3} in., chocolate-coloured above, rusty-yellow
beneath when dried; lateral nerves slender, uniting close within the margin ; petiole
1 in. Panicles lax, spreading ; branches acutely angular. Calyx with 4 nearly
equal shallow lobes.—The petals are probably free, though not expaniyes The
swollen part of the calyx-tube is occupied by the ovary. j

—9901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula; (133

9. “Pseupo-zuGENIA, Scortechini.

Trees with opposite punctate leaves and few-flowered, axillary,
minutely bracteolate inflorescence. Calyz-tube turbinate or oblong, its
mouth with 4 small rounded lobes, and bearing a thin annular stamini-
ferous disc. Petals 4, orbicular, clawed. Stamens 8, in two rows;
filaments inflexed in bud; anthers small, 2-celled.. Ovary 2-celled.
Style short. Ovules numerous, in several series on the placentas. Fruit
asin, Hugenia, 1- to 2-seeded. Distr1B.—2 species, bcth Malayan.
" A genus which differs from Eugenia chiefly in having only 8 stamens.
i Leaves 4°5 to 6. in. long | 1. P. perakensis.
. » 15 to 2'5 in. long _- 2. P. singaporensis.
~ 1. PsEUDO-EUGENIA PERAKENSIS, Scortechini in Journ. ‘Bot.
XXIII (1885), 153. <A tree, 15 feet high; young branches thin,
terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, slightly narrowed
at the base, the apex with a slender obtuse acumen, pellucid-punctate,
the main-nerves close, inconspicuous on the upper surface, sub-hori-
zontal, interarching near the margin ; length 45 to 6 in.; breadth 1°5 to
2 in.; petioles short. Calyz-lobes incurved. Petals 4, small, free,
spreading, distant. Stamens short. Berry gia Eugenia skiophila,
Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 486.

Penanc: Maingay. Perak: Scortechini.

2. PSEUDO-BUGENIA SINGAPORENSIS, King n. sp. A tree, 30 to 40
feet high; young branches as thin as a crow-quill or thinner, terete,
smooth, dark-brown. Jeaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate,
slightly narrowed at the base, the apex abruptly and bluntly acuminate ;
both surfaces (when dry), dull and of a uniform dark-brown colour ;
the upper with the midrib depressed and the main-nerves and reticu-
lations obscure; the lower minutely warted; the main-nerves numerous,
faint, interarching near the edge; length 1°5 to 2°5 in.; breadth ‘45 to °7
n.; petioles ‘1 to ‘15 in. Panicles shorter than the leaves, axillary,
few-branched and few-flowered,; the peduncle and branches very slender,
dark coloured, 4-angled. Flowers clavate in bud and greenish. Fruit
unknown.

Sivcarore : Ridley 2909 ; King’s Collector 1242, 5957, 8710.
[hg Norte.

In addition to the two species above described there are in the Calcutta Herb-
arium specimens of what appears to be a third species of this genus collected by
Mr. Harvey near Malacca. In these specimens the leaves are ovate with acute
apices and cuneate bases, and 5 to 7 pairs of ascending main-nerves rather promi-
nent on the lower surface. The leaves are from 3 to 4 inches long and about half
as much in breadth. The flowers measure about ‘3 in. in length and rise in pairs
from the stems below the leaves. Mr. Forbes also collected in Sumatra specimens
(Herb. Forbes 2889) of a small tree with elliptic, caudate-acuminate leaves

134 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

cuneate at the base, which probably belong to a fourth species of Pseudo-eugenia.
The flower-buds of this, which measure less than °1 in. in length, are borne in pairs
below the leaves.

10. Baxrrinetonta, Forst.

Trees. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of the branches,
entire or slightly crenate-serrate, pinnate-nerved, not dotted. Flowers
in elongated terminal and lateral racemes, or in interrupted spikes;
bracts small, deciduous. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, scarcely pro-
duced above the ovary; lobes 2—4, valvate, or 3-5, imbricate. Petals 4
rarely 5, much imbricate, somewhat adnate at the base to the staminal
tube. Stamens numerous, in several series, connate into a short tube at
the base; filaments filiform, long, all bearing anthers. Ovary inferior,
2-4-celled, crowned by an annular disc; style long, filiform, simple,
stigma small; ovules 2-8 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit fibrous or
somewhat berried, globose, ellipsoid or quadrangular, crowned by the
calyx, by abortion 1-seeded. Seed ovoid or ellipsoid, without albumen;
embryo large, exhibiting two layers, cotyledons nearly obsolete.
Distris.—Species 25; in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia and Polynesia,
often near the sea.

Sect. I. Buronica. Calyx closed in bud and entire, ulti-
mately splitting into 2. or sometimes into 3 lobes:
flowers pedicelled.
Racemes short, erect or sub-erect; fruit conical.
Racemes terminal, erect; flowers 2°5 to 3 in. Jong
and of greater diameter; fruit angled but not
winged at the base... ae .. 1. “B. speciosa.
Racemes lateral or terminal, sub-erect; flowers
less than 1 in. in diam.; fruit with 8 down- .
ward-pointing wings at the base ... ... 2. B. conoidea.
Racemes elongated, pendulous; fruit ovoid ... o& B. racemosa.
Sect. II. Srravipium. Calyx with 4 (sometimes 3 or 5)
imbricate lobes. |
Racemes terminal, erect, short, 1- to 3-flowered 4. B. pauciflora.
Racemes lateral, pendulons, elongate, many-flowered. 3
Flowers more than °5 in. across; leaves with
distinct petioles from 7°5 to.3 or 4 in. in length.
Flower-buds just before expansion about °*25 in.
long; fruit ovoid or elliptic, not angled or only
slightly so; rachis much thickened in fruit ... 5. B. macrostachya,
Flower-buds just before expansion more than °*25 :
in. long; fruit oblong, 4-angled.
Main-nerves of leaves 6 or7 pairs; fruit 3 in. .
long; rachis of spike thickening slightly in fruit 6. B. Scortechinii.
Main-nerves of leaves 9 to 12 pairs; fruit glab-
rous, acutely 4-angled, less than 2 in. long;
rachis of spike hardly thickening infruit ... 7. B. swmatrana,.

4 1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 135

;
f

‘Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 12 pairs; fruit

minutely pubescent, 4 or 5 in. long; rachis of

spike thickening much in fruit... .. 8. B. musiformis,
Flowers less than ‘5 in. across; leaves sessile

or with very short petioles.

Flowers pedicelled :—
Fruit fusiform .. 9. B. fusiformis.
Fruit, oblong truncate, ual 4- ahead .. 10. B. acutangula,
Flowers sessile or nearly so; fruit sub-globose 11. B. spicata.

1. Barrinctonta speciosa, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 38 and t. 38 A and B.
A glabrous tree, 30 to 50 feet high ; young branches stout, grey. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, obovate-oblong or obovate, with broad rounded apex
and much narrowed base, sessile, entire ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, not
prominent; length 6 to 14 in.; breadth 3:5 to 7 in. Panicles short
(4 to 8 in. long) erect, terminal, with 1 or 2 leaf-like bracts at the base,
few-flowered. Flowers 6 to 12, large (2°5 to 8 in. long and 5 in. in
diam.), on long pedicels bracteolate at the base. COalya with 2 large
oblong, nerved (2 to 4 in.) lobes °75 to 1:25 in. long, persistent. Petals
4, white, larger than the calyx, (2°5 in. broad) deciduous. Stamens
very numerous, longer than the petals but shorter than the style. Fruit
large, shining, quadrangular-truncate at the base, tapering to the apex
and crowned by the persistent calyx, bluntly 4-angled, sometimes sub-
ovoid and less prominently angled, 3 in. or more in breadth at the base
and slightly more in length ; pericarp very thick, fibrous, spongy. Seeds
ovoid, 2 or more in. long. Flor. des Serres IV, 409 ; Linn. f. Suppl. 312 ;
DC. Prodr. III, 288; Roxb. Fl. Ind, II, 636; Wall. Cat. 3632, excl. B;
Blume Bijdr. 1096; W.& A. Prodr. 333; Wight Ic. t. 547; Mig. Fl.
Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 485; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. II, Bot. 1, 55, t.
10; Kurz For. Fl. I, 496; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 507;
Trimen Flora Ceylon II, 189. B. asiatica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, Pt. 2, 70. B. ? macrophylla, Miq. l.c. 491. Mammea asiatica, Linn.
Sp. Pl. 731. Agasta splendida, asiatica and indica, Miers l.c. 60-64,
tt. 11, 12. Butonica, Rumph Herb. Amb. III, t. 114.

In all the Provinces, on the sea-coasts : Distris.—The shores of
ee se aley islands and British India; also of Australia and Polynesia.

The late Mr. Miers excluded from the genus Barringtonia everything except a
plant now known by an imperfect specimen preserved in the Banksian collection
and by Forster’s drawings, which latter represent a 4-celled fruit. The plant here
described to which Forster’s name had, prior to the issue of Mr. Miers’
monograph in the Linnzan Transactions, by common consent been given, is one of
three forms of the plant on which Miers founded the genus Agasta. On characters
largely based upon slight differences in the shape of the fruit, Miers distinguished
his three species Agasta splendida, asiatica and indica, The latest writers on

136 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1

Indian Botany who have dealt with the Indian Barringtonias (Mr. C. B. Clarke in
Hooker’s Flora of British India, and the late Dr. H. Trimen in his Flora of
Ceylon) adopt the view that obtained prior to the publication of Miers’ paper, and
they believe that the three species of Agasta of the latter author are merely forms
of the Barringtonia speciosa of Forster. If Miers’ arrangement, however, is to be
followed, the name of the plant occurring on the coasts of the Malay Peninsula
and of British India would be either Agasta indica or A. asiatica according to the
shape of the base of the fruit. Miers says of the fruit of the form which
he considers alone entitled to the name Barringtonia speciosa, fructus non vidi, and
he relies solely on Forster’s figure (Char. Gen. t. 38 B, fig. 6). In his account
of it that figure no doubt shows a 4-celled fruit. Whether or not Forster or his
artist had a fully-developed fruit before him when he made the drawing referred
to cannot be known. But however that may be, the characters, other than the
number of cells in the fruit of Forster’s Barringtonia and of Miers’ three Agastas
are practically alike, and I fail to see any good basis for the foundation on them
of four species belonging to two genera.

2. BARRINGTONIA ConompEA, Griff. Notul. 656. Ic. 635, 636, fig. 1.
A large bush or small tree, glabrous; young branches sub-sulcate.
Leaves thickly membranous, oblanceolate-elliptic or cuneate :” oblong,
narrowed at the minutely subcordate or rounded base to the. short, stout
petiole; the apex blunt or sub-acute; the edges obscurely crenate-
serrulate or subentire ; main-nerves 9 to 13 pairs, curved, ascending;
length 4°5 to 10 in.; breadth 2 to4in.; petiole "15 to‘2in. Racemes
suberect, lateral or terminal, féy-fowersil about 4 in. long, glabrous or
puberulous. Flowers less than 1 in. long and 1 in. across, on pedicels
-5 to 6 in. long. Calyx with a subcylindric tube, ‘15 in. long’; the base
with 8 gibbous processes; the limb bipartite. Petals 4, fleshy, ovate-
lanceolate. Stamens much exceeding the corolla. Fruit fibrous-fleshy,
conoid, produced at the base into 8 wing-like semi-cordate fleshy pro-
cesses and crowned at the apex by the calyx, 2°5 in. long and 1°75 in.
broad at the base. Kurz For. Flor. Burma I, 497; Clarke in Hook. fil.
Fl. Br: Ind. II, 508. B. alata, Wall. Cat. 3633. Bibhte alata, gee
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. I, 70, t. 14, figs. 10 to 15. ° Zz

Mauacca: Griffith (Kew Dist. 2423). Perak: Scontechiné~1385,
Burman: Wallich. | , ak ea

At once distinguished by its curious conical fruit winged at the base. ©

3. BAarRincronta racemosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52; Fl. Br. Ind.
II, 634. A glabrous tree, often 50 feet high; young branches rather
stout, cinereous. Leaves membranous, oblong-obovate or oblanceolate,
shortly acuminate, narrowed to the shortly petiolate base, faintly cre-
nate-denticulate; main-nerves 8 to 15 pairs, spreading or ascending,
thin but Prinens on the lower surface when dry ; length 4 to 12 in. ;
breadth 2 to 4in.; petiole ‘1 to ‘25 in. acemes much longer than
the leaves, (10 to 24 j in. long) from the axils of fallen leaves or terminal,

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 137

pendulous, many-flowered, minutely bracteolate. Flowers distant, 1°5
to 2 in. in diam., on thin pedicels ‘2 to ‘3 in. long, buds globose.
Calyx turbinate, obconic, 2- or 3-partite, permanent. Petals 4, oblong.
Stamens very numerous, much longer than the calyx but shorter than
the style. . Fruit as large as a hen’s egg and of much the same
shape, but somewhat 4-sided, nearly smooth, the pericarp leathery ;
seed solitary ovate-oblong. DC. Prodr. III, 288; Wall. Cat. 3634;
W.& A. Prodr. 333; Wight Ic. t, 152, including fruit; Bot. Mag. t.
3831 ;"Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 94; Gaud. Voy. Freyce. t. 107; Vidal,
¥. Fl. Fil., t. 50a; Kurz For. Fl. I, 496; Clarke in Hook. fil: Fl. Br. Ind.
II, 507; Trimen Flora Ceyl. II, 189. B. speciosa, Wall. Cat. 3632 B.
B. alba, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 487. Hugenia.racemosa, Linn. Sp. Pl.
673. Stravidium album, DC. Prodr. III, 289. Butonica racemosa and
alba, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. I, 65, 66, t. 13, figs. 1-17.
B. vubra and inclyta, Miers l.c. 70, 71, t. 14, figs. 1-3, 19.—Rheede
Hort. Mal. IV, t. 6.

In all the provinces; on the sea shores. Dustris.—Brit, India,
Malayan Archipelago, Polynesia.

4. BARRINGTONIA PAUCIFLORA, King n. sp. A tree, 30 or 40 feet
high ; young branches slender, glabrous, pale-brown when dry. Leaves
thickly membranous, broadly oblanceolate narrowed into the petiole at
the base; the apex suddenly and shortly caudate-acuminate; main-
nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving upwards; length 3 to 4°5 in. é heel
1:25 to 2 in.; petiole 4 to 8 in., slender. Raceme solitary, teri tat

~ erect, 1°5 to 2 in. long, bearing only 2 or 3 flowers or sometimes only a

single one. Flowers about 1°75 in. long. Calyz- tube funnel-shaped,
boldly 4-angled, sparsely rufous-furfuraceous, ‘4 in. long; the lobes 4,

-ovate-rotund, blunt, shorter than the tube. Petals 4, obovate-oblong,

glabrous, 1 in. long. Stamens longer than the petals. Frautt unknown.
Perak: Scortechini 939; King’s Collector 6355. |
5. BarrincTonta MACROSTACHYA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLVI, Pt. 2, 71; For. Flora Burma II, 498. A glabrous shrub or
small tree; young branches pale-brown, striate. Leaves oblong-oblan-
ceolate or oblong-elliptic, narrowed to the long slender petiole, the apex
abruptly acuminate, the edges entire or with broad shallow crenations ;

‘main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, curved, ascending, rather prominent beneath

when dry; length 5 to 12in.; breadth 2 to 5 in.; petiole 1 to 4:5 in.

‘Spikes lateral (often aie kosiceetillaley) or terminal, netiialiae: 1 to 2 feet

long, glabrous or puberulous, stout, rather fleshy and much thickened in
the fruiting stage; bracteoles minute, caducous. Flowers sessile,
crowded, nearly 2 inches long and 1 in. across when expanded. Calyz-

‘tube obconic, 4-angled, ‘25 in. long; the limb with 4 broad, blunt lobes

o.-tfe t8

138 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No I,

‘2 in. long. Petals oblong sub-acute, 1 in. long. Filaments twice as
long as the petals. Fruit broadly-ovoid or elliptic, smooth, not angled
or only slightly so, crowned by the small calyx-lobes, 1°5 to 2 in. long
and about 1:35 in. in diam. Clarke in Hook, fil.. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 509
(excl. syn. B..pendula, Kurz and Doxomma pendula, Miers). . B. cylin-
drostachya, Griff. Notul. IV, 655. B. sarcostachys, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. J,
Pt. 1, 490. Stravidium sarcostachys, Blume in Van Houtte FI. des
Serres, VII, 24. S. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 3636. Doxomma. macros-
tachyum, cylindrostachyum, acuminatum, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser.
II, Bot. I, 104, 100, 102. Careya macrostachya, Jack in Mal. Misc. I,
47; DC. Prodr. IIT, 295. | +
Matacca: Maingay (K.D. 763); Griffith (K.D, 2421): Prnane:
Curtis 1581. Necrt Sempinan: Ridley 1852. Pura: Scortechint (with-
out No.); Wray 1299, 2410, 3136, 3642, 3635 ; King’s Collector 3402, 3779,
4136, 10075, 10206, 10615. Duistrip.—Borneo, Burmah, Griffith;
Gallatty. ns Sig

This is allied to B. pendula, Kurz—a rare species from Southern Burma
originally described by Griffith as Careya pendula (Notule IV, 661). That
species, however, has narrower leaves than this with fewer nerves; the calyx-tube is
elongate, the stamens are only about one inch long; and the fruit is narrowly oblong,
boldly 4-angled, more than 2 in. long and only about “65. in. in diam. There is an
excellent drawing of this plant with full analyses of the flowers in the Herb, Kew,
which was made from living ‘specimens by.the Rev..C. Parish. The species has
been reduced in Hooker’s Flora of British India to B, macrostachya from which it
differs in the points above noted. | |

6. Barrinctonia Scorrecainu, King n. sp. A glabrous tree,
50 to 60 feet high; young branches slender, pale-brown, glabrous.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to. oblanceolate-oblong, tapering
(often very much) to the petiole ; the apex acute or shortly acuminate ;
the margins entire or obscurely and minutely dentate; main-nerves
6 or 7 pairs, spreading, curved; length 3 to 6°5 in.; breadth
1:5 to 25 in.; petiole ‘5 to ‘8 in, Spikes lateral, pendulous, 6 to 18 in.
long, glabrous, rather slender but slightly thickening with age, Flowers
numerous, 1'5 to 2 in. long, narrow. Calyx-tube bracteate at the base,
glabrous, obconic, 4-angled, ‘25 in, long ; the 4 lobes shorter than the tube,
broad, rounded. Petals oblong, blunt, ‘75 in. long. Filaments 1'5 to 2 in.
long. Ovary 3-celled (usually). Fruit oblong, somewhat tapered but
truncate at each end: the apex mamillate crowned by the small calyx-
lobes, smooth, 3 in. long and 1 in, diam. |

Perak: Scortechini 237, 395, 1674, 2020; . Wray 2087; King’s
Collector 3598, 3854, 6252 ; Curtis 1296.

There are two distinct forms under this species; one with oblong-elliptic

1901.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 139

leayes and rather larger flowers ; the other with leaves oblanceolate, more slen-
der spike- rachis and smaller flowers, but the two pass into each other.

. ° 7%. Barrineronra sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 315. A
glabrous tree; young branches pale, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves
coriaceous, aniiic or oblong-elliptic tapering much to the base, the
apex shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, the edges obscurely serrate
or entire, slightly wavy somewhat recurved when dry; upper surface
shining when dry, the lower dull and paler, both minutely reticulate ;,
main-nerves. 9 to 12 pairs, thin but prominent; length 4°5 to 7°5 in. ;
breadth 1:4 to 3 in.; petiole ‘75 to 2 in., thickened at the base. Spikes
axillary and terminal, pendulous, angled, glabrous, 9 to 15 in. long, not
thickening in fruit, Flowers numerous, more than 1 in. long and nearly
as much across, sessile. Calyx ‘5 in. long; the tube infundibuliform,
acutely 4-angled ; the lobes half as long as the tube, broadly ovate, con-
cave, spreading. Petals broadly oblong, very blunt, °65 in. long. _ Stamens
°75 in. long or more. Style slender, 1°6 in. long.. Fruit oblong, some-
what tapered to the base, less so to the calyx-crowned apex, acutely’
4-angled, smooth and shining, 1°75 in. long, and °65 in. in diam.

Singapore: Ftidley 277, 2056. Sumatra: Miquel (Herb. Bogor
4586). CELEBES: Beccari. .

8. BaRRINGTONIA MUSIFORMIS, King n.sp. A large tree, 60 to 80 feet
high ; young branches as thick as the fore finger, brownish, glabrous.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, entire, or obscurely crenate towards the apex,
oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, much tapered to the
long slender petiole, the apex shortly acuminate ; main-nerves 8 to 12
pairs, curved, ascending, not conspicuous; length 5 to 10 in.; breadth
1°75 to 3°25 in.; petiole °75 to 2°25 in. thickened at the base. Spikes
axillary, suberect, 12 to 14 in. long, stout, striate, thickening to °6 in.
in diameter or more in fruit, the cicatrices of the fallen flowers very
prominent, scurfy-puberulous. Flowers large, sessile. Calyx campanu-
late, 1:25 in. in diam. at the mouth, densely but minutely rusty-pubes-
cent ; the tube subcylindric, only -2 in. long; the 4 lobes large, ovate-
Sand, blunt, °75 in. long. Petals 4, concave, rotund, scurfy outside.
Fruit narrowly-oblong, 4-angled, sub-truncate at each end, the upper
crowned by the calyx and the 2 inch long style, minutely pubescent,
4 or 5 in. long, and 1 to 1°5 in. thick.

Perak: King’s Collector 5746, 6154.

I have seen no expanded flowers of this as the collected specimens are either
in bud or in fruit. Its nearest allies are B. augusta, Kurz, B. pterocarpa, Kurz,
and Doromma magnificum Miers, but all these have much smaller flowers and their
leaf petioles are very short. The ripe fruit of this resembles in shape a small
banana, but the endocarp aad pericarp have a very different texture, being i in this
densely fibrous. - - :

140 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

-.9. BARRINGTONIA FUSIFORMIS, King n. sp. A small tree, 10 to 20
feet high; young branches slender, puberulous, pale when dry. Leaves
membranous, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, narrowed to the cordate
base, sessile or sub-sessile; the apex obtuse or acute; the edges
remotely serrate becoming almost entire when old; ‘ main-nerves 12 to
16 pairs, curved, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface
when dry; length 4 to 8in.; breadth 1°4 to 2-4 in.; petiole (if present)
only ‘05 in. long. iene axillary, very erie, pendulous, much
exceeding the leaves, lax, minutely rusty-pubescent, 1 to 2 feet long,
surrounded at the base by a whorl of lanceolate persistent bracts ‘5 in.
long. ‘Flowers ‘4 in. across, distant, on slender pedicels 1 in. long; the
bracteole at the base of each pedicel lanceolate, deciduous. Calyx 8 in.
long; the tube obconic, densely rusty-puberulous; the teeth 4, broad,
rounded, less puberulous than the tube. Petals slightly longer than
the calyx, broadly obovate. Stamens three times as long as the petals.
Fruit fusiform, tapering almost equally to each end; the apex crowned
by the small calyx, 4-angled, deciduously rusty-pubescent, 2°25 in. long
and only-'5 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechini ; King’s Collector 10388, 10643, 10094.

The very long flower pedicels and the narrowly fusiform silat distinguish this
from all the other species.

10. BaArRINGTONIA ACUTANGULA, Gertn. Fruct. I], 97,t.101. <A gla-
brous tree, 25 to 50 feet high ; young branches thiu, pale-grey, glabrous.
Leaves obovate-oblong, or cuneate-elliptic, much narrowed to the shortly
petiolate base, the apex broad rounded or subacute, the edges minutely
denticulate or cuneate: main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, spreading, not
prominent; length 2 to 5 in.; breadth 1:1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘15 to °2 in.
Racemes much exceeding the leaves, slender, pendulous, many-flowered,
from 6 to 15 in. long. Flowers ‘3 or ‘4 in. across, in slender pedicels
from ‘05 to '25 in. long. Calyx with short tube and 4 rounded, regular,
ciliate teeth. Petals small, under -25 in. long. ' Filaments about three
times as Jong. Fruit oblong or oblong-ovoid, truncate at both ends,
crowned by the small calyx, glabrous, boldly but bluntly quadrangular,
1:25 to 1°5 in. long. Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 635; Blume Bijdr. 1097; W. G&A.
Prodr. 333; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 488; Dalz. & Gibs.. Bomb.
Fl. 95; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 204; Brand. For. Fl. 235; Kurz For. Fl.
Burm. I, 497; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. If, 508; Trimen Flora
Ceylon II, 191. Stravidium rubrum, DC. lc. 289. 8S. acutangulum,
Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. I, 80 t. 17 figs. l to 14. 8S. obtus-
angulum and S. Rheedii, Blame in Van Houtte Flore des Serres vu,
24; Miers lc. Hugenia acutangula, Linn. Sp. Pl. 678.

I include this species as Malayan with some hesitation. Most of the Malayan,

1901.]. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. \ 141

specimens bearing-the name I wonld refer to B. spicata, Bl. It is however a widely
distributed and comnion tree in India and particularly so in Burma and it is quite
likely to occur in Quedah and the northern part of Perak.

11. ; Bareixeronia spicata, Blume Bijdr. 1097. A tree, 30 or 40 feet
high ; young branches slender, smooth, brown when dry. Leaves oblong-
oblanceolate, tapering to the short petiole, the apex acute or sub-
acute, the edges distinctly serrate-dentate ; main-nerves 8 to 10 phe,
curving slightly, ascending ; length 4 to 8 in.; breadth 1:4 t6 2-4 in.
petiole ‘2 to 3 in. Sprkes axillary or feacnlietk exceeding the pee
very slender, pendulous ; bracteoles minute, caducous. Flowers small,
numerous but not crowded, sessile or with a very short pedicel, about
°d in. in diameter when expanded. Calyx with obconic, rusty-pubescent
tube less than ‘1 in. long, and 4 broad, rounded teeth half as long.
Stamens *5 in. long. Fruit sub-globose, glabrous, crowned by the
enlarged calyx-lobes, about ‘6 in. in diam. Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I, Pt..
1, 489; Vriese Ned. Kruidk. Arch. IIL, 41. Stravidiwm spicatum, DC.
Prodr. III, 289; Blume in Van Houtte Flore des Serres VII, 24.
S. spicatum and globosum, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. 1,
85, Gustavia globosa, Span. Trans. Linn. Soc. XV, 204. ? Stravidium
denussum, pubescens, reticulatum, Horsfieldii and serratwm, Miers-t.c. 81 to
86. ?S. coccineum, DC. Prodr. IIT, 289; Miers l.c. |
- Mauacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 2425; Derry 1221 ; Maingay (K.D.) 765.
Penana: Curtis 397. Trana: King’s Collector 1404. Perak: King’s
Collector 4681. Province Wetuestey: Ridley 7043, Duisrris.—Java,
Borneo ; Motley 537, 582; Zollinger Cat. 534.

_ This resembles B. acutangula, Gzertn., but differs in having sessile flowers,
shorter stamens, and sub-globose not. elongated angular fruit. The leaves also are
less obovate. It is a widely distributed species and therefore presents various
forms, many of which have been treated as species.

11. PLANCHONIA, Blume.

Trees with alternate, membranous, crenulate, pinnately-nerved leaves
without dots, crowded towards the ends of the branches. Flowers white
or yellowish-green, in short terminal racemes. Calyx-tube turbinate,
little produced beyond the ovary; its mouth with 4 imbricate lobes,
Petals 4, imbricate. Stamens very numerous, in several series, slightly
united at the base into a ring, the inner without anthers, the filaments
of all long and slender. Ovary inferior, 3- 4-celled, crowned by an
annular disc. Style 1, long, slender, crowned by the small stigma;
ovules many in each cell. Fruit large, fibrous, ovoid, crowned by the
persistent calyx-lobes, 1-3-celled. Seeds several, ellipsoid, the testa
coriaceous, albumen absent, cotyledons short. D1str1s.—Three species ;
littoral, from the Andaman islands to Australia.

/

142 G. King—Matervals for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [ No.1,190Y.]

Leaves obovate, distinctly crenulate; flowers sessile sno et Ey eodaear
Leaves broadly elliptic, eae crenulate; flowers on
long pedicels er with ee: ised andamanica.

1. PLANCHONIA SUNDIACA, Mig. A i 50 feet high; . young
branches thicker than a goose-quill, the bark rough, pale-brown. Leaves

distinctly crenulate, obovate, much and gradually narrowed into the

petiole; the apex with a short triangular apiculus; both surfaces

brown (when dry), the reticulations faint: main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs,
spreading, depressed on the upper prominent and often pale in colour

on the lower surface ; Jength 3 to 65 in.; breadth 1:75 to 3.in.; petiole
*3 to ‘6 in. Racemes 2 in. long, fou famep ed. Flowers aaa with
pink towards the centre, about 15 in. long, sessile. Calyx-tube °6 or
‘7 in. long, campanulate, ribbed below: the lobes oblong, broad, subacute.
Petals narrowly oblong, acute, longer than the calyx and about as long
as the stamens. Fruit (unripe) broadly oblong-ovoid.

Perak: Wray 2366; King’s Collector 7096. Distv1s.—Sumatra,

Forbes 3254. .

2. PLANCHONIA ANDAMANICA, King n. sp.’ A tree; young branches
as thick as a goose-quill, pale-brown, smooth. Leaves broadly elliptic
or elliptic-rotund, slightly and abruptly tapered into the narrowly
winged petiole, the apex with a short triangular acumen, the edges
indistinctly crenulate ; upper surface olivaceous-brown, the lower pale-
brown, not olivaceous; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, spreading, dark on
the upper and pale on the lower surface but not very bold on either,
length 5 to 7 in.; breadth 3 to 4 in.; petioles “6 to ‘8 in. Racemes
3 or 4 in. long; the flowers about 2 in. long on stalks 1 to 2 in. long.

Calyx “8 or ‘9 in. long, campanulate, its lobes large, elliptic-rotund,

obtuse. Petals broadly elliptic, very obtuse. Fruit unknown.
Anpaman Isnanps: King’s Collector.

PIN RIAN NOT NANTES

——— - ae 2

REFERENCES.

Spleen Rate 0 to 15°/, =

Ditto 15 to 30°/, =

Ditto 30 to 45°/, == KW

Ditto 45 to 60°/, =

Ditto over 60°/, = a

Railway... 5 eerecenet ne ere
Municipal Boundary —.—._._._.-
Ward Limits.
Lakes......
Nilbpeete ny ee

(1) Maniktolla West.

(2) Ditto East.

3) Chitpore West.

Cossipore East.
7) South Dum-Dum, Ward 1.
(8) ll.

O) on ee ae
(10) Barranagar, Ward |.
(11) mn mlb

) BI] ”
(14) Kamarhati West.
(15) ” East.
(16) North Dum-Dum West.
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(19) Panihatti.

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(29) Nawabgung.
(30) Jehapore.
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(32) ,, South.
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ILLUSTRATING THE

SPLEEN RATE OF THE MUNICIPALITIES

ON THE

EAST BANK OF HOOGLY TO THE NORTH
OF CALCUTTA.

Scale 1 Inch= 1 Mile,

* 2 * 2

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(30) Jehapore.
(31) Gurulia North.

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Reg. No, 661, San,, B.—J uly 01.—750.

~o oe ) ee eee

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,

—3 ofe e.

Vol. LXX. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE.

No. II.—1901.

V1I.—Wolf Hybrids in Gilgit.— By Masor J. Manners-Smuitn, V.C., C.1..
[Read 7th August, 1901, |

During the last few years, since about 1897 a species of wild dog,
bred as it would seem from a true wolf and a domestic village dog has
existed round the village of Minawar some 9 miles from Gilgit.

The first specimen which [I saw was by moonlight at Jutial some
3 miles from Gilgit in December, 1898, or in January, 1899. At the time
I mistook the beast for a wild dog (Cyon), it being evident from its
general appearance that it was not a wolf; and J had not then heard of
the hybrids.

The animal was exactly like the specimen the skin and skull of
which was sent to the Indian Museum in May, 1901, and like a live
bitch which is still in my possession and the photograph of which is
attached. |

The next specimen | saw was my bitch ‘“Junegly.” She was
brought in as a puppy in May, 1899. In appearance she was sooty
coloured with ears that drooped forward. The villagers who brought her
declared that she was a wolf and that they had seen the mother dis-
tinctly, The other puppies with her some 4 or 5 in number had, they said,
escaped. | unfortunately did not institute any enquiries at the time,
still thinking that the puppy was that of a wild dog and that the vil-
lagers did not know or recognise the difference between wolves and
wild dogs.

J. in. 19

144 J. Manners-Smith— Wolf Hybrids in Gilgit. [ No, 2,

Later on however when my bitch grew up examination proved by
dentition, number of mamme and other characteristics such as the lack
of any marked brush in tail, and her abnormal weight for a true wild
dog that she belonged to the genus Canis and not to Cyon. It thus
became evident that she must be a ‘hybrid’ and TI began to make
enquiries at Minawar to try and verify facts.

Unfortunately no very certain or absolutely reliable evidence of the
animal’s pedigree has been obtained. It was a well known fact however
as I learnt then and from snbsequent enquiries that a female wild
animal—the villagers declare it to be a bitch wolf—has for 3 years past
in successive winters, 7.e., in 1898-99, 1899-1900, and now again in 1900-
1901 when in season hung about the village precincts and has attracted
the attentions of their village dogs. These have followed her some
way from the village and from them she has been pleased to select a
mate to satisfy her natural desires. This phenomenon has been seen
and is vouched for by several reliable eye witnesses. For three years
now the results of this strange union have been proved by the capture
of the young cubs.

First in 1899, when my bitch was canght and brought in to me in
May. The pups then were fairly big and several escaped, one only
being caught.

Then in 1900, on this occasion all the pups some 8 or 9 in number
were caneht, but were killed by the goat herd boys who found them
when quite small. As I happened to be away from Gilgit no report was
made to me at the time and no specimens of the puppies were kept to
show.

Finally this year in 1901. First the pups were caught and

bronght in to Gilgit and a few days after the mother. As she was

injured by the trap and appeared to be dying I had her killed as well
as 2 of her pups and sent the skins and skulls to the Indian Museum.
One or two of the pups are still alive in Gilgit. They are almost
entirely like the village dog sire and show little sign of the wolf strain
or of the characteristics of the mother except that they are shyer and

more furtive in their movements than ordinary puppies. Apart however —

from the evidence of the men who brought in the pups I am satisfied
from their wild behaviour when brought to me and which they had not
abandoned entirely several weeks after capture when last I saw them
that they were really the offspring of the wild bitch. J put the pups
to the mother when she was brought in to Gilgit and she allowed them
to try and suckle her and though injured did nothing to harm them
and appeared pleased to have them near her.

According to the villagers’ statement the litter of last year which

1904. |] J. Manners-Smith— Wolf Hybrids in Galgit. 140

was killed off was exactly like that of this year, ¢.e., the puppies all took
after the domestic dog sire and not the wild mother.

On the other hand the litter of 1899 included my biteh ‘ Jungly ”’
and, according to the villagers, several other puppies like her which
escaped. All of these had fur of the wild wolf colour and in appearance
were nearer to the wolf than to the domestic dog.

One of them is probably the mother of this year’s puppies, viz., the
specimen which is now in the Indian Museum, and at least one other
exactly like her iu shape though with very light coloured almost white
fore-legs was seen by me twice during the winter of 1900-1901 when
ont shooting between Gilgit and Minawar. These two animals have
been known to kill village sheep and goats and have also been seen
stalking herds of wild Oorial (0. vignit).

The hills round Minawar are infested with real wolves, more being
caught and killed there each year than anywhere else in the district,
My theory as to the origin of these animals is the following. That in
the first instance, possibly in the winter of 1897-98 a dog wolf lured
away a domestic dog bitch from the village of Minawar, or possibly
that an old wolf bitch discarded by her own kind or injured in some
way accepted the services of a Minawar village dog.

There would seem to have been a litter in 1893, if the animal | saw
in the winter of 1898-99 was really one of these hybrids,

Since then at any rate it is certain that at least 3 litters of hybrids
have been produced, and it seems probable that the last two, ¢.e., those
born in 1900 and in 1901, were a second cross from the true wolf. As
one or more of the puppies of the 1899 litter some of which escaped
when my ‘Juugly’ was caught, would seem to have followed the bad
example of their mother and to have consorted with the Minawar village
dogs. This may account for their offspring being so much more like the
true dog than they themselves.

An attempt made to breed from my ‘“Jungly ” unfortunately failed.
She was served by a half bred retriever spaniel in December, 1900.
About the usual period for canine gestation she gave signs of being in
pup. . Her milk glands filled and she became unusually quiet and geutle
and displayed great affection for the pups of another dog bitch which
had been bornshortly before. Usually she cannot be trusted unmuzzled
with strange dogs or puppies. Nothing however resulted from
herself.

“Jungly’s” character is interesting aud perhaps worth a short
description. Though she has been brought up with domestic dogs from
the time she was a month or so old her wild instincts are by no means
subdued. She will still hunt anything she can unless carefully watched

’

146 C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. _[No. 2,

and rated. She is inclined to bully small dogs, even those she knows
well, especially of the weaker sex.

Her intelligence is considerable and though still shy of men and of
strangers she shows affection for me and follows me well both on foot
and when riding.

As an instance of her retentive memory the following anecdote
may be of interest. When she was quite a small puppy a rather short
tempered fox-terrier was sent me to take care of during the summer,
This dog attacked her on one occasion and bit off the tip of her ear.
Several months later when she had grown to nearly full size the dog
aud his owner were walking round the Kennels, when the latter asked
me to let ‘Jungly’ loose. Without thinking I did so and she at once
savaged the little dog, which she undoubtedly remembered, and was with
dificulty prevented from killing him. Since then she has always been
suspicious of whitc dogs, and is generally inclined to attack dogs of that
colour, though usually indifferent to others unless excited or aggrieved
herself.

From regular feeding and the care taken of her ‘Jungly’ has
grown a good deal heavier than the ‘“ wild specimen” killed this year in
Gilgit and sent to the Museum. Her coat also is not quite so dark, but
in all other respects she appeared to me identical when they were
compared, Her weight and measurements are as follows :—
Dimensions. Head and body 43 inches, tail without hair 13;, with
hair 14¢; Tarsus and hind foot, anterior aspect=7 inches, posterior
aspect=9 inches; Height at shoulder 24 inches ; round skull and jaws
in front of ears over hair 18 inches, Weight=about 60 lbs.

SOS ees

VIJ.—New species of Indian Hymenopteraa—By Masox C. G. Nurse.
[ Read 6th November, 1901. |

I venture to seud descriptions of some uew species of Apidew, which
neither Mr. P. Cameron nor I have been able to identify with any des-
eribed species. These are a portion of my collection of Hymenoptera
made during the past three or four years, some of which have already
been described by Colonel Bingham and Mr. Cameron, and the latter is
still engaged in working out the remainder. I obtained altogether some
450 species, counting only the families dealt with by Colonel Bingham
in his Hymenoptera, Vol. I of the Fauna of British India Series, and
of these nearly a fourth appear to be hitherto undescribed.

1. Haurotus KrisHna, n. sp.
¢. Head and thorax closely and tnely punctured, basal segment of

1901.7 C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. 147

abdomen impunctate, remaining segments with minute shallow punc-
tures ; cordate space at the baseof median segment reticulate in the
centre, the sides with oblique divergent striz ; margins of abdominal
segments in most specimens somewhat constricted. Dark brouze-green,
basal half of antenne black, becoming reddish-brown at apex;
pubescence greyish-white; wings hyaline, with a slight fulvous tint,
nervures and tegule testaceous.

@. Similar; apex of clypeus pale testaceous.

Hab. Simla; Kashmir.

Length 5-7 mm,; Exp. 9-11 mm.

2. HAtLIcTus CLARUS, n. sp.

9. Head and thorax very minutely and closely punctured, the
puuetures apparent only under a stroug glass, clypeus with a few
coarse punctures; enclosed space at the base of median segment finely
reticulate, the segment concavo-truncate at apex; abdomen impunctate,
the segments slightly constricted. Black and shining, where not
hidden by pubescence; flagellum of antenna more or less red, the
apices of the abdominal segments testaceous, tibiew and tarsi of the
anterior leas, and femora, tibie and tarsi of the median and posterior
legs, honey-yellow; pubescence greyish-white, short, but especially
dense on the head, scutellum, and basal margins of the abdominal
segments; wings clear Hyaline, nervures and tegule pale testaceous.

Hab. Deesa.

Length 6mm.; Hxp. 12mm.

3. HALICTUS FULGENS, u. sp.

Q. Head finely and closely, thorax more sparsely, punctured,
abdomen almost impunctate ; cordate space at base of median segment
finely reticulate, very convex, its apex forming a distinct ridge;
clypeus much produced, transverse at apex. Jet black and shining,
very thinly covered with greyish pubescence, which becomes more
dense on the legs. In some specimens the apices of the abdominal
segments are testaceous ; wings hyaline, nervures and tegule testaceous.

@. Similar, the base of first abdominal segment constricted,
pubescence on the legs testaceous.

Hab. Simla.

Length 6-7mm.; Hxp. 14mm.

This species resembles H. nireus, Bingham, (Jour. B., Nat. Hist.
Soc. Vol. XII p. 124) but is a smaller and slighter insect, the clypeus
is more produced, and thorax is sparsely aud not closely punctured. I
have a long series of eavh species, and they are veadily separable.

14 C. G. Nurse—New species of India Hymeuoptera. [No. 2,

4, HALicrus TESTACEUS, n. sp.

9. Head and thorax finely and closely punctured, abdomeu with
shallower punctures, cordate space at base of median segment reticulate.
Head aud thorax black, antenne reddish-brown, legs and abdomen
testaceous, becoming paler on the apical margins of the abdominal
segments and on the tarsi; pubescence greyish and somewhat sparse ;
wings hyaline, nervures and tegule testaceous.

Hab. Simla.

Length 4-5 mm,; Exp. 10 mm.

5. NOoMIA SHIVA, n. sp.

9. Head somewhat coarsely punctured, the punctures running into
striz on the sides of the clypeus; thorax more closely and finely
punctured, abdomen almost impunctate; cnclosed space at base of
median segment longitudinally striate; three longitudinally impressed
lines on mesonotum, the outer two very faint. Black, the pubescence
greyish-white, dense on the clypeus and front as far as the base of the
antennx, on the pronctum, postscutellum, leys, and apical margins of
abdominal segments, on the latter forming broad bands. The apical
margins of the abdominal segments when denuded of pubescence are
pale, almost testaceous ; wings hyalime, apical margins faintly fusees-
cent ; nervures and tegule testaceous.

Hab. Deesa; Ferozepur.

Length 8-9 mm.; Exp. 15-16 mm.

6. NOMIA HIMALAYANA, 0. sp.

9. Head closely and somewhat coarsely punctured, the punctures
on the apex of the clypeus ruuning, into striz; mesonotum and
abdomen finely and closely, median segment more sparsely punctured ;

space at the base of median segmeut longitudinally striate ; head with

an impressed line from near base of antenne to anterior ocellus.
Black, the pubescence rich fulvous, and very dense on the mesonotum,
scutellum, and postscutellum, pale fulvous and less dense on the head,
legs, and margins oi the abdominal segments; wings hyaline, nervures
and tegule testaceous.

3. Similar, the pubescence thinner, and, except on the thorax,
almost cinereous. Posterior femora and tibise comparatively sinall.

Hab. Simla.

Length 7-8 mm.; Exp. 18 mm.

7. NOMADA FLAVOZONATA, Nn. Sp.

Q. Head and thorax closely punctured, having a granular
appearance, abdomen shining and more finely punctured; enclosed

a

——

ee ee eS

1901. | O. G, Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera, 149

space at the base of median segment rugose in the centre, the sides
with divergent striz, which become very fine apically ; head above base
of antenne concave; three longitudinally impressed lines on mesonotum,
the outer two very faint; scutelluam large and prominent. Red; the
apex of the mandibles, a spot near the base of the antennx, another
round the ocelli, the enclosed space at the base, the sides below, of the
median segment, and narrow apical bands on the first three abdominal
segments, black; median transverse bands, narrowed in the centre, on
abdominal segments 2—4, yellowish; the head sparsely, and the sides
of the median segment more densely pubescent, the pubescence with
a golden tinge; wings subhyaline and irridescent, their apices slightly
infuscated, tegule red, nervures reddish-brown.

$. Black; the clypeus, labrum, basal portion of the mandibles,
front below the bases of the antenne (except two narrow outwardly
diverging lines from the base of antennz to the sides of the clypeus)
the tegule, scutellum, postsentelluam, and broad medial bands on the
abdominal seements yellow; legs yellow, except the inner portions of
the intermediate and posterior femora, which are ferrugineous, anda
black macula on the inside of the posterior tibise; scape of antenne
yellow below, black above, flagellum ferrngineous red, with a black spot
on joints 2—5; clypeus and front, scape of antennse, median segment,
thorax below, and base of first abdominal segment, with white pube-
seence ; wings slightly more hyaline than in the 9.

Hab. Ferozepur,

Length ¢ 10 mm., ¢ 12 mm.; Exp. ? 18mm., & 21 mm.

8. NoMapba LUCILLA, n. sp.

_ &. Head and thorax closely but not very finely punctured, enclosed
space at base of median segment reticulate, abdomen impunctate, shining.
Black; the labrum, mandibles except at apex, the apex of the clypeus
and of the front on each side, and two irregular spots on each of the
abdominal segments yellow, the spots on the second and sixth segments
largest ; flagellum of the antenne reddish-brown ; apices of the femora
and the whole of the tibie of the intermediate and posterior legs
ferrugineous ; abdomen mottled with ferrugineous, giving ita bronzy
appearance ; clypeus and front with golden pubescence, thorax below
and sides of median segment with somewhat sparse whitish pubescence
wings subhyaline, somewhat darker towards the apex of the forewing:
a clear hyaline patch across fourth {cubital and third discoidal cells ;
teoule ferrugineous-red, nervures black.

Hab. Simla.
Length 8 mm. ; Exp. 15 mm.

150 O. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. _[ No. 2,

9. NOMADA PRISCILLA, n. sp.
9 &. Headand thorax closely but not very finely punctured, median
segment and abdomen impunctate; postscutellum very prominent; an

impressed line on the median segment, enclosed space at the base of the .

segment raised, sharply defined, convex, a few outwardly divergent strise
at base, slightly rugose. Red; the abdomen black and shining ; two
yellow spots on second, fifth and sixth segments ; some specimens have
a similar spot on the fourth segment, and in others the spots, except on
the second segment, are obsolete ; pubescence white, very sparse, longest
on median segment; wings hyaline, apex infuseated, tegule red, nervures
reddish-brown.

Hab. Deesa; Matheran.

Length 5 mm. ; Exp. 10 mm.

10. Mreacuine Carnroxystpes, Bingham.
This species was described by Bingham in the Journal of the
Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. XII, Part I, from my specimens

he described the ?, as I had not thena &. The following is a descrip-—

tion of the latter.
3. Similar to the ?, but more slender, the abdomen cylindrical,

not tapering towards the apex; the margins of the segments strongly
constricted, apical segment with several teeth ; the anterior tarsi normal,

not dilated.

11. MeGACHILE VERA, 0. Sp.
@. Closely resembles M. cxeliovysides, Bingham, but is a somewhat
robuster insect; it differs only im having the trochanters and femora of the

intermediate and posterior legs blood-red, and the femora of the anterior

legs dark-red.
3. Resembles M. cceeliowysides of the same sex, except that the

apices of the tibie and the whole of the tarsi of the anterior legs are
pale testaceous, the first joint of the tarsi being somewhat dilated ; the
intermediate legs have the trochanters, femora, and the apex of the tibie,
and the posterior legs the trochanters and femora light red; the
pubescence, especially on the clypeus and front, has a golden tint.

Hab. Deesa; Matheran.

Length 7-9 mm. ; Exp. 13-15 mm.

12. ME&GACHILE KATINKA, Nn. Sp.

9. Closely resembles 4f. ceelsoaysides, Bingham, but the pollen
brush is light red, and not white.

3. Resembles the same sex of M. celioxysides, except that the

as

1901.] C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. 151

apex of the abdomen is notched but not dentate; the pubescence has
a yellowish tint, especially on the clypens and front.

Hab. Matheran.

Length 8-9 mm., Exp. 16-18 mm. |

Although the above three species bear considerable superficial
resemblance to one another as regards size and puncturing, the characters
I have given render then readily separable. I have a long series of each
of them, and these characters are constant in each species.

13. MEGACHILE PATELLA, n. sp.

2. Head thorax and abdomen finely and closely punctured, having a
eranular appearance ; clypeus broader than long, transverse anteriorly ;
an inwardly-curved tooth at each angle of the scutellum, basal segment
of the abdomen very slightly constricted. Black; the pubescence white
and very sparse, forming narrow bands on apical margins of abdominal
segments 1-5, yellowish-red on the inside of the posterior tarsi;
pollen-brush golden ; wings hyaline, nervures and tegulee black.

3. Similar, but smaller.

Hab. Simla.

Length 6-7 mm.; Exp. 12-14 mm.

14, MEGACHILE ULRICA, n. sp.

@. Head, thorax and abdomen closely punctured, havinga granular
appearance; apical margins of abdominal segments 2-5 depressed,
the depressed portion with pubescent bands. Black, the legs variegated
below with dark red ; pubescence very sparse, pure white on the head
and thorax, abdominal bands greyish-white ; on the tarsi the pubescence
is testaceous, and on the inside of the posterior tarsi golden-red ; wings
hyaline, tegulee light red, nervures black.

Hab. Matheran.

Length 8 mm.; Exp. 14 mm.

15. ANTHIDIUM SALTATOR, 0. sp.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen closely and finely punctured ; head
slightly broader than thorax, clypeus quadrilateral, its anterior margin
transverse ; abdomen nearly as broad as long. Pale yellow; the flagellum
of the antenne, tips of the tarsi, base of the scutellum, and broad
hands on the apical margins of abdominal segments, light red: the tips
of the mandibles, extreme base of the scape of the antennsx, the region
of the ocelli, the central portion of the mesonotum (except two parallel
yellow lines), and a line on the tibiz, black; pubescence and _pollen-
brush white; wings hyaline, tegule yellow, witha red spot in the
centre, nervures black.

gi. 11,20

152 C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. [No. 2,

3. Similar; subapical segment with two, and apical segment with
four teeth: a line on all the femora, and the whole of the posterior
trochanters, black.

Hab. Deesa.

Length 8-9 mm.; Exp. 16-18 mm.

16. ANTHIDIUM VIATICOM, n. sp.

Q. Head, thorax and abdomen closely and finely, the sides of the
clypeus and the face below the base of the antenne more sparsely and
shallowly punctured ; clypeus hexagonal, the anterior margin tranverse
and dentate, eyes slightly convergent below. Black; two spots near
the apical angles of the clypeus, the sides of the face below the base of
the antennee, an elongate spot on each side of the face behind the eyes,
a similar spot on the basal margin of the mesonotum, the margins of
the scutellum, four irregularly-quadrate spots on abdominal segments
1-4 and two similar spots on abdominal segments five and six,
yellow ; legs variegated black and yellow ; pubescence sparse, greyish
white, pollen-brush white with a fuscous tinge; wings subfuscous,
tegule very large, testaceous-red with dull yellow margins,nervures black.

3. Similar, larger; clypeus; entirely pale yellow, with shallow
punctures, its apical margin non-dentate, the four quadrate spots on
abdominal segments 1-5, sixth segment with a single coronet-shaped
spot ; apical abdominal segment with five teeth.

Hab. Matheran.

Length 2? 7-8mm., d 9mm.; Exp. ? 14-15 mm., d 18 mm.

17. CERATINA CEREA, 0, sp.

@ é. Smooth andimpunctate ; eyes slightly emarginate, distinctly
converging below, median segment somewhat long, anterior portion
almost flat, apical portion steeply sloped ; abdomen longer than the head
and thorax united, basal segment constricted. Black: the clypeus, scape
of the antenne in front, the sides of the pronotum, two elongate spots
on second and third abdominal segments, the whole of the tarsi and the
greater part of the tibia of all the legs, bright yellow; antenne
reddish-brown; wings clear hyaline, tegule yellow, nervures very pale
testaceous, except the postcostal nervure and that enclosing the radial
cell, which are dark-brown.

Hab. UDeesa.

Length 5-6 mm.; Exp. 10-11 mm.

18. CERATINA MUSCATELLA, 0, sp.
@ ¢. Smooth and shining, a few scattered punctures on the posterior
margins of the head and on the mesonotum, third and following

1901.] C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. 153

abdominal segments finely and closely punctured ; an impressed line along
the centre of the mesonotum, median segment rounded posteriorly, steeply
sloped, the enclosed space at its base very convex, and having a medial
longitudinal carina. Black; a spot on the clypeus, a broad line from
near the base of the antennz along the inner orbit of each eye, a narrow
line on the cheeks, an interrupted line on the pronotum, a spot below the
_ tegule, two contiguous spots on the scntellum, and aspot at the base of
the posterior tibize, pale yellow; the abdomen in some specimens more
or less red ; wings hyaline, tegule dark brown, nervures black.

Hab. Simla.

Length 7-8 mm.; Exp. 12-14 mm.

19. CERATINA LOQUATA, n. sp.

9%. Smooth and shining, the third and following abdominal
segments and the enclosed convex space at the base of the median seg-
ment, minutely punctured ; the abdomen increases in width towards the
apex. Black ; a _|-shaped mark on the clypeut, a short line on each side
of it, not quite touching the inner orbits of the eyes, a spot on the labrum,
an interrupted live on the pronotum (absent in some specimens), a spot
below the tegule, two small spots on the scutellum (oftey obsolete), a
line on the tibiz of the anterior legs, and a spot at the base of the tibia
of the posterior legs, pale yellow, often with a reddish tinge ; wings hya-
line, sometimes with a slightly fuscous tinge, tegule reddish-brown,
nervures black.

Hab. Simla.

Length 6-7 mm.; Exp. 12-13 mm.

20. CdLIOXYS TAURUS, n. sp.

9. Head and thorax strongly and closely, abdomen more minutely
punctured, the punctures on the fourth and fifth abdominal segments
being extremely fine and shallow, the sixth segment impunctate ; clypeus
broader than long, a conspicuous longitudinal carina on the mesonotum,
teeth of the scutellum moderately long and acute, scutellum rounded
posteriorly; abdomen with segments 2-4 depressed in the middle
apical abdominal segment long, acutely pointed, with a medial carina,
the ventral plate slightly longer than the dorsal. Black; the flagellum
_ of the antenne, the legs, apical abdominal segment above, and the whole
of the abdomen below, dark red; Pubescence snow white, dense on the
clypeus and front, on the cheeks, thorax and median segment below,
forming bands on abdominal segments 1-5 above, these bands much >
widened laterally and below; on the inside of the posterior tibia
and tarsi the pubescence is golden; wings hyaline, with a slight fuscous

154 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

tinge at apex, sometimes the whole wings have a fuscous tinge; tegule
black, with a dark red spot in the centre; nervures black.

&. Similar, the whole of the abdomen punctured; the apical
segment with eight teeth, two lateral, four apical above, and two below;
the abdomen below, except the apical segment, is black, not red.

Hab. Deesa.

Length ¢ 8-llmm., & 7-9 mm.; Exp. 9 14-18 mm., ¢ 12-14 mm.

Eee

VIII.—Studies in the Chemistry and Physiology of the Tea Leaf. Part I.
The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf.—By Haroup H. Many, B.Sc.

[ Received November 27th; Read December 4th, 1901. ]

The production of a food product from the leaves of plants is in
actual practice of very rare occurrence. Except in the case of a few
vegetables and potherbs, and of some leaves used only as narcotics and
stimulants, it may be said not to exist except in the case of tea. And in
the production of tea, if the type of leaf used, the method of collection,
the induction by artificial means of a constant unnatural succession of
young growg shoots be taken into consideration, the whole question
becomes of so exceptional a character that a study of the chemical and
physiological condition prevailing under such circumstances would
probably be extremely interesting. If, in addition, such a study be
combined with that of the changes which take place in the leat after
plucking until its conversion into black tea,—changes which result in
profound alterations in the substances present and which altogether
alter the commercial characteristics of these products, the matter becomes
one of great economic importance. In the series of papers I hope to_
contribute to the Asiatic Society on this subject, and of which this is the
first, I shall try, however, to very largely eliminate the direct economic
interest, which will be reserved for another place and another occasion.

In order, however, to follow the subject it will be necessary to
give a short account of the processes by which tea is produced. The
tea leaf as used in this manufacture consists of the youngest leaf
on the plant, and only the youngest two open leaves on each shoot to-
gether with the unopened leaf bud are now usually plucked. This
necessitates, if a large amount of leaf is not to get too old for plucking,
and hence to be wasted, that every bush should be gone over by
an expert plucker about every seven days. Having obtained the leaf
in this manner, it is allowed to wither—to lose its turgescence—by
exposure in very thin layers to air as cool as possible until the whole
has got to such a conditivn that on rubbing in the hand the leaves no

1901. } H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 155

longer break, but are sufficiently pliable to roll up. At this stage it is
rolled, a process whose effect is to break the cells of the leaf, allow the
sap to spread itself over the surface, and so come in contact with air
during the process of fermentation. This latter merely consists in
exposing, fora time varying from two to six hours, the rolled leaf in thin
layers in as cool and airy a room as possible. Marked changes here
take place; the green leaf takes on a brown coppery colour and acquires
an aroma totally different from that of fresh leaf. When sufficiently
fermented,—which is judged at present entirely by appearance and
smell,—the whole mass of tea is dried usually by a powerful current of
hot air, sorted and put on the market.

It is evident that the changes important from our point of view
principally takes place during withering and fermentation. Withering
has usually been considered to be little else than a process of partial
drying without the loss of pliability which would take place were the
operation conducted at a high temperature, and the idea that profound
chemical changes may take place has hardly been mooted. On the
other hand, the speculations as to the nature and cause of the fermenta-
tion process have been legion. In the early days it was usually consi-
dered to be merely incipient putrefaction, and this idea was supported
by the fact that a slightly longer exposure than that given leads to an
intensification of the brown colour, to the development of increased acidity
and ultimately to putrefactive decomposition.

Prior to the experiments of Mr. Bamber,* the statements made
rested on no experimental basis. His work however has revolutionised
the ideas on the subject. He maintained (1) that very few orga.
nisms were present, and the time was too limited for their development
in quantity, and that hence the process could not be caused by bac-
teria, (2) that the fermentation will not take place in absence of oxygen,
even if the oxygen was replaced by carbon dioxide, (3) that a large
quantity of air is required, (4) that after heating the leaf with dry
steam for a few minutes the fermentation proceeded normally. Hence he
maintained that the so-calld fermentation process was not a fermen-
tation at all, but was due merely to the direct chemical action of the
atmospheric oxygen on the constituents of the juice exposed in thin layers,
and he hence substituted the term ‘“ oxidation” for ‘‘ fermentation” in
naming the process.

In this position the question remained, except for mere speculative
opinions,f until the beginning of 1900, when Mr. Bamber returned
to the question, and to a certain extent revised his former opinion. He

* Chemistry and Agriculture of Tea, 1893.
+ See, for instance, D, Crole, Journal of the Society of Arts.

156 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

then wrote as follows: * “Quite recently I have succeeded after
numerous attempts in isolating a minute proportion of a soluble
oxidising ferment somewhat similar to the oxidases recently discovered
in several plants of different natural orders. The substance in question,
which evidently has a considerable bearing on the oxidising properties of
the tea, apparently does not exist in the active form in the fresh green
leaf, but is changed either during the withering if the leaf is bruised,
or during the rolling processes when the various organic acids, etc., are
liberated from the cells.’ This was, I believe, the first announcement
of the discovery of a soluble ferment or oxidase in the tea leaf, and
of course it meant that Mr. Bamber no longer attributed the changes
which take place entirely to the oxidising action of the air independently
of ferments of any kind.

Later in 1900 in a private communication to me, Mr. C. R. Newton
of Kurseong stated that he had detected an oxidase in the leaf, but the
observation was never published till a few weeks ago.t In the meantime
Mr. Aso, a Japanese scientist, has published his discovery of the
same ferment, but as I have not been able to get hold of the publication
in which he announces his work,{ I am unable to say to what extent he
has carried his researches.

My own work was done by the courtesy of Messrs. Finlay, Muir
& Co., the Agents, the Amalgamated Tea Estate Company, Ld., the
Owners, and Mr. J. D. Gwilt, the Manager of the Moondakotee Tea
Estate, Darjeeling, on that estate, during the past tea-making season.

In trying to ascertain the nature of the changes which occur dur-
ing the manufacture of tea leaf, it seemed of primary importance
to determine to what extent, if any, bacterial action intervened, especially
as Mr. Bamber’s experiments were not quite convincing on the subject.
For this purpose it was necessary to cultivate any organisms which
might be present on a medium which would as far as possible eliminate
the ordinary putrefactive bacteria and only allow those which could
have any effect on the tea leaf to grow. This at once puts out of court
such common media as peptogelatin, peptone-agar-agar, or any similar
preparations as the basis of cultivation in which, as a matter of fact, a
large number of putrefactive organisms (many of them of the Bacillus
subtilis type) do actually grow when fermenting tea is placed in contact
with them. The medium finally adopted consisted of tea leaf itself
ground up finely, and then placed in small patches } to 13 inches in

* Report on Ceylon Tea Soils. Colombo, 1900.
+ Indian Gardening and Planting. November 7th, 1901.
{Bulletin of the Imperial College of Agriculture, Tokio. 1901. Vol. 4,

page 204.

1901. | H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 157

diameter inside a petri dish, and sterilised. A slight change of colour
took place during sterilisation, but afterwards none, and dishes so prepar-
ed could be kept for weeks. The sterilised tea leaf thus obtained was
then inoculated with fermenting leaf, and in about two days colonies
were evidently appearing. After three days’ culture, these were examined
and inoculated with sterilised tea juice, and after a further three days’
growth there, the cultures of the second generation were utilised. In
every case only one organism was certainly found. It produced colonies
consisting of yellowish brown slimy masses without shape, and raised
up like drops from the mass of the sterilised tea leaf. In texture these
colonies were sticky and a little ropy. Under the microscope the orga-
nism was found to be a small bacillus about 1: 2 » long and nearly 1 pu
broad. A pure culture having been obtained sterilised leaf was inocul-
ated with a solution containing the organism in large amounts. No
change whatever took place in colour in three hours,—the normal time
of fermentation,—but a sour smell had developed. If freshly rolled
leaf, instead of sterilised leaf, were used, the inoculated portion had
taken on a sour smell in 1} hours, while the check experiment was
equally coloured, but the fermentation was proceeding normally. The
organism was evidently in fact one of the many lactic acid bacteria and
had no part whatever in the normal process of fermentation. Inasmuch
as this was the only microbe which could be isolated in this way, as it
had no effect on the colouring of the tea leaf, and as it caused the leaf
to become sour earlier than it would otherwise have done, one may, I
think, take it as finally settled that microbial organisms play no essen-
tial part in the fermentation of tea, and that when present they are

rather of the nature of impurities than essential factors in the process.
In the absence of bacteria capable of causing the changes observed
during the fermentation of tea, it was natural to look for enzyme action,
especially as during the past five years the effect of unorganised
ferments has been discovered to be paramount in cases where their
influence had hardly been previously suspected. The curing and
fermentation of tobacco is an example. Here Oscar Loew* has shown
that the changes taking place during both these processes are pri-
marily due to the action of enzymes. But in attempting to isolate the
active ferments in tea, one is met at the outset by a difficulty pointed
out long ago by Brown and Morrisf that it was very difficult to extract
enxymes from vegetable tissues in presence of a solution containing
tannin. Since the young tea leaf contains twenty per cent. of tannin
* Reports of the U.S.A. Department Agriculture. Nos. 59,60 and 65,

1899-1901.
+ Journal of the Chemical Society. 1893,

158 H. H. Mann—The Hnzymes of the Tea Leaf. [ No. 2,

(calculated on the dry matter) the difficulty was especially great in the
present case. The method finally adopted for isolating and at a latter
date for estimating the amount of oxidising enzyme present was as
follows :—10 grams of fresh (or 6-6 grams of withered leaf) were ground
up in a mortar till they formed a pulp, and in each case 5 grams of hide
powder (pure for analysis) were added and the mass again ground
thoroughly together. 50 cubic centimeters of water were now thoroughly
incorporated with the mixture and the whole left for two hours. At
the end of this time the mass was filtered quickly through cloth, with
pressure, and the residue washed twice with water. It was found that
practically the whole of the extractable part of the oxidising enzyme
was thus removed. The liquid obtained was now mixed with four
times its volume of alcohol, which precipitated the whole of the enzyme.
After settling thoroughly, the precipitate was filtered again through
cloth, and to the residue 25 to 30 c. c. of water were added. The whole
of the enzyme was thus obtained in a small volume which on filtration
gave a clear liquid in which various tests could be made.

The standard test for oxidising enzymes or oxidases is that with
guaiacum resin. If an alcoholic solution of this resin be mixed witha
liquid containing one of the class of substances under discussion, a blue
colour varying in intensity with the quantity of enzymes present will
appear after two or three minutes. With the solution from tea leaf
prepared as above, this reaction was obtained immediately, and if
further a drop or two of Hydrogen Peroxide were added the reaction
became very much more intense. It was hence at first supposed that
two enzymes were present, the one giving a blue colour without
Hydrogen Peroxide, the other only producing the reaction in its pres-
ence. If this were the case they ought surely to have different resis-
tances to heat, and by this means one ought to be able to separate them.
This was found, however, not to be the case. A solution in water
containing the oxidases was exposed to various temperatures in each
case for three minutes, with the following results :—

ReACTION WITH GUAIACUM RESIN.

. TEMPERATURE. ; ;
Without Hydrogen Peroxide. With Hydrogen Peroxide.
60°C. Just as intense as before henting.| Just as intense as before
heating.
70°C. Do. Do.
80-81°C. Slight decrease in intensity of] Reaction distinctly lower
reaction. in intensity.
83-85°C. Reaction practically disappeared. | Reaction almost dis-
appeared.

ee

1901, | H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 159

There is therefore no difference in the sensitiveness of the substan-
ces producing the two reactions to heat, and both are destroyed by an
exposure for three minutes in aqueous solution to 83 to 85° C. and the
destruction commences below 80° C. One may therefore say,—and the
conclusion is confirmed by the result of a large number of other attempts
(to be afterwards referred to ) to isolate the two apparently different
enzymes,—that we have no evidence of the presence of more than one
ferment oxidising guaiacum in the tea juice. I am inclined to attribute
the difference in reaction to the presence of part of the ferment in the
juice as zymogen or pro-enzyme, which is brought into definite action
by the Hydrogen Peroxide. The distinction between the reactions with
and without Hydrogen Peroxide, therefore, remains a convenient one,
and [ have kept it up throughout the present work.

To estimate the amount of these enzymes 5c c of the clear liquid
prepared as above, were mixed with an equal volume of alcohol, and
then 10 drops of a solution of guaiacum resin in alcohol added, and the
colour measured ina Lovibond’s tintometer. The measurement must
always be made at the same length of time after the addition of
guaiacum tincture. After the intensity of the colour has been noted,
*5 ¢c.c. of a 10 volume solution of Hydrogen Peroxide were added and the
colour again measured. The intensity of colour gives a rough measure
of the relative amount of enzyme in the several cases, and has been
utilised for this purpose throughout the present work. It depends on
the fact that the colour given is all but absolutely a pure blue, and
hence one can neglect the amount of any other colour which may be pre-
sent in the liquid, and merely take the intensity of the blue as showing
the relative amount of the oxidase.

It seems almost impossible to prepare the enzyme pure in a dried
condition. If the clear solution prepared as above be reprecipitated
with alcohol, a mass is produced very active towards guaiacum solution,
etc., but if an attempt is made to dry the precipitate at a low tempera-
ture its oxidising power rapidly diminishes, and when dry there is
hardly any reaction left. The whole of the reactions had therefore to be
studied in the solution prepared as above, which in addition to the enzyme
contained a certain proportion of gummy, pectic and saline matters.

The oxidase was very sensitive to the action of acids. A solution
of the enzyme was immediately rendered absolutely ineffective ina
solution containing ‘4 per cent. of Sulphuric Acid. ‘04 per cent. had,
however, only very slight effect after 2 hours. 3 percent of Acetic Acid
destroyed the ferment entirely in2 hours. By Alkalies it was less affected
but still was rapidly destroyed. 3 per cent. Ammonia nearly destroyed all
action after 4; hours. Caustic Potash of the same strength had little

J. 1. Ql

160 H, H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Fea Leaf. [No. 2,

effect after 2 hours, but after 4 hours only a slight reaction was ob-
tained until Hydrogen Peroxide was added, when a fairly intense blue
colour was produced with guaiacum tincture. After 18 hours there was
still the difference, though even with Peroxide the colour was much less
intense. This is a strong indication that the latter reagent liberates the
enzyme from a compound (a pro-enzyme) in which it was much less
easily attacked by Alkalies than when already free.

That we have here to deal with an oxidising enzyme was made
clear by its action with hydroquinone and with pyrogallol. In the for-
mer case darkening, indicating oxidation, was very rapid in presence of
the enzyme, and much more so than in check solutions to which either
no addition was made, or to which even a boiled solution of the ferment
had been added. I was not able to isolate the product of oxidation.
The same rapid darkening took place in presence of the enzyme with
pyrogallol. In three hours the colour had become very dark brown,
while both the duplicates were hardly tinted brown. After 15 hours the
difference was extreme, the pyrogallol being almost entirely oxidised in
the one case, only a light brown colour having been produced with boiled
ferment or with none at all. Gallotannic Acid behaved differ-ently
and showed itself far more resistant to oxidation than either of the above
_ substances, very slight change having taken place even after 18 hours.

The reaction with Hydroquinone was so striking that it was used
to determine the optimum temperature for the activity of the enzyme.
Three solutions of Hydroquinone were prepared. No. 1 was kept at
ordinary temperature (26° C.) No. 2 at 50-55° C. No. 3 at 60-62° C.
After 13 hours No. | was hardly changed, while oxidation was proceeding
rapidly in Nos. 2 and 3 and no difference could be detected between
them. After 4 hours however while No. 1 still showed hardly any alter- |
ation, No. 2 was far and away ahead of No. 3 in the progress of the
reaction. It was regrettable that there seemed no means of measuring
exactly this progress, but the experiment clearly shows that the best
temperature for the action of the ferment does not exceed 53° C. and that
it is much more rapid at this temperature than at the usual tem pone ame
at which the operation is carried ont.

The crucial test, however, as to the relation of this oxidase to the fer-
mentation of tea was whether when a solution of the enzyme was added
to tea juice, the colour which forms the mark of fermented tea was
produced more quickly than in a normal case. An experiment on this
ine was therefore made, and the colour was produced considerably
more quickly than in the untreated juice. An attempt was made to
utilise sterilised tea juice for this purpose, but the process of sterilising
to destroy the enzyme (as the ferment cannot be removed by any, filtra-

1901.] H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 161

tion method) induced such profound changes in the tea juice that it was
impossible to make the absolute test which this method would have
given. When a more rapid colouring of tea juice or tea leaf takes place
in presence of an additional quantity of the enzyme, and at the same time
proceeds normally, there seems no justification for doubting the essential
connection of the oxidase isolated from tea leaf with fermentprocess.

The next point would naturally be to ascertain the part of the leaf
richest in enzyme, and the leaf of the flushing shoot plucked for manu-
facture which contained the most. This was therefore determined by
carefully separating the leaves from one another and from the stalk, and
determining the oxidase in each separately by the method previously
described. The following results were obtained, the amount present in
the tip leaf being unity in each case, and the whole being calculated on
the dry matter of the leaf.

Relative amount of active Relative total amount of
enzyme. enzyme.
‘Tip unopened leaf ... 1:00 1°00
First open leaf er elit. 65 ‘61
Second open leaf... ‘48 80 (?)
Leaf stalk ey 1:64 1:39

This indicates a rapid decrease in the amount of enzyme present
as the leaf becomes older, but that the stalk contains a good deal more
than any other part of the shoot. The above figures much exaggerate
this excess, however, owing to the fact that the stalk contains much more
water than the leaf, and as a matter of fact in the fresh condition the
_tip leaf and the stalk contain about an equal amount of enzyme. It is
interesting to compare the relation of various other constituents of the
leaves to the enzyme as given above, and for the Acidity, the Tannin,

and Phosphoric Acid, we have these as follows :—
LLL TT a, SE SST SSS SS SSS

Acidity in the
Total absence of |
Acidity. ee | Tannin. | Phosphoric Acid.
Mipleat .... as 1:00 loo 1:00 1:00
First open leaf my "94. 1:09 1 03 ‘88
Second open leaf ah 94 1:06 ‘91 wi)

Leaf stalk ... aid’ |p Oh 70 1:09 °86 ‘79

162 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Lenf. [No. 2,

Tn each case the tip leaf is regarded as unity, and each is calculated
on the dry matter. The acidity due to the tannin in each case amounted
to about half the total acidity, using phenol phthaleim as indicator, and
appeared to be practically identical (on the dry matter) throughout the
flushing shoot. The enzyme therefore appears not to bear any very
close relationship to any of these constituents calculated as above, if the
stalk be included, but if this be left out (as I think it may be, for it is
to a great extent nothing but a channel of conveyance), then the enzyme
will be found to follow both the Tannin and the Phosphoric Acid, but
not the acidity, except that caused by the tannic acid.

The practical consideration now comes in as to the relation of this
enzyme to quality in tea. The only means of ascertaining this was to
compare the leaf from gardens lying near one another producing dis-
tinetly different types of tea, and teas which were regarded by experts
as of different quality. It is necessary, of course, in face of the distri-
bution of the enzyme in the flushing shoot above pointed out, that the
leaf shall be of approximately the same type. For instance, a stalky tea
eaf could not in any sort of fashion be compared with one giving little
stalk. With this reservation, which was taken into account in the experi-
ments which follow, the figures obtained seem to indicate that a large
amount of ferment means a high quality tea, and a reduction in the
enzyme present means a lowering of the flavour of the product. It isin
the flavour that the effect is most marked, the strength of the tea being
not nearly so much affected.

Three gardens are concerned in what follows. ‘These are A, which,
judged by market prices, has been making a medium Darjeeling tea:
B, which has had the reputation of making about the best tea in the

Darjeeling district for many years, and C, which has produced absolutely —

the highest value teas in the district during the past season.
A comparison was first made between a sample of leaf from A and
two samples from bushes of different types from C, No lbeing an
“Assam ” type of plant, and No. 2 from a “China” type. The following
figures were obtained :—

Relative amount of active Relative total amount of
enzyme. enzyme.
|
A. 1:00 1:00
C. No. 1. Le 2°17 2°18

~ C- No. 2. vee 1.44 1°68

ee ee

1901.] H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 163

. The amount of oxidase in A is here regarded as unity, and its type of
plant was “ China”’, and all figures are given on the dry matter of the
leaf as plucked for manufacture. In each case a much larger amount of
enzyme was present in the leaf which made the better tea.

From Garden B, I had three samples of leaf. No. 1 was from young
“Assam” plant producing excellent tea, No. 2 was from a low level
extension also of ‘‘ Assam” plant but giving the worst tea in the garden
though still quite as good as the district average, No. 3 was from

“ China” plant producing tea of very high quality. Comparing, in pre-
cisely the same manner as above, all these samples of leaf with that from
garden A the following figures were obtained :—

Relative amount of active Relative amount of active

enzyme. enxyme.
A. 1:00 1:00
5. No. 1 ... a 1°88 1:03
~ B. No. 2 ... me 1:17 1°32
Be No. 3, ... 1°83 1°32

In this case again it appears that the quality varies with the quantity of
ferment present in the leaf in an active form. It will be noticed that
the various amounts of enzyme are much closer together when the total,
including the supposed pro-enzyme, is considered, than when the active
form only is taken into consideration. It may well be that this difference
is a real one, and that there is some cause in certain places from soil,
climate or other consideration which may prevent the formation of
active enzyme, and such a cause would affect the quality.

Another point remains in this connection. What effect has withering
onthe amount of ferment ? The answer to this question has been exceed-
ingly interesting, and seems to indicate that this operation possesses a
function in the manufacture hitherto quite unsuspected, and which
leads to a very different conception of the process to that hitherto held.
The leaf from gardens A and B above considered, were allowed to
wither, and taking full account of the corresponding loss of moisture,
the enzyme again determined. Taking the oxidase in the fresh leaf at
garden A as unity (that is to say that the unit in the last table is the
same as unit in the following) we have :—

Lip ait at aareiae Percentage Percentage
Of achive increase Relative total increase
enzyme. during amount of enzyme. during
withering. withering.
A. | 181 81-0 1:69 69°0
B No. 1 we[ - 2°49 31:9 187 43'8
B, Na. 2 pas 1°88 60°7 1:87 41°6
B. No. 3 oe |

2°19 LOn7, 2°19 65°9

164 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

There remains to be considered the circumstances which cause the -
production of the oxidising enzyme by the plant. I have as yet ouly had
the opportinity to touch upon one or two of these. It seemed probable
however that the amount of light received by the plant would very
materially influence the amount. Three bushes, side by side, were there-
fore taken, and one was so covered up for ten days, so that the leaf grew
in darkness not quite suffcient to etiolate the young leaves. Leaf was
plucked from all three bushes on the same day, in No. 1 as soon as it
was light in the morning, in No. 2 (the darkened plant) soon afterwards,
and in No. 3 late in the afternoon.

From the result it would appear that darkness favours the formation
of the oxidase, and that there is a difference in this respect between the
leaf gathered in the early morning and that obtained after a day’s sun-
shine. In the leaf grown entirely in darkness the reserve stock or pro-
enzyme seemed to have been increased, but that immediately active was
rather lower than in the normally produced leaf. I intend to take up
this line of investigation more thoroughly later on.

In a recent publication I have shown how dependent the quality
of tea is on the amount of Phosphoric Acid in the soil. It is curious to
find that this connection of flavour and Phosphoric Acid, according to
the present experiments, seems to run parallel with the apparent con-
nection between Phosphoric Acid in the soil (and also in the leaf,) and
the amount of oxidising enzyme.

I give here the analyses of soil from the gardens A and C above
mentioned, and it will be at once seen that the amount of Phosphoric
Acid corresponds closely with the amount of enzyme in the leaf, Iam
disposed to insist on this point in view of the previously indicated re-
lationship of quality, 2.e., flavour, to Phosphoric Acid in the soil.

A. oe

et Rt tr

Phosphoric ACIG 6.) soe), sacs MOON ssa ape, cegpeeene!

The only question remaining to be discussed with relation to
the oxidase under consideration appears to be its localisation in the —
leaf and stalk, An attempt was made to determine its ‘position by
three methods. The first of these consisted in cutting the sections of
leaf and stalk and ascertaining in what cells the brown colour commenced
to form. In the leaf this always took place at definite points in
the centre of the leaf. In the cells where the browning commenced there
seemed to be on examination with a very high power in many cases a
small irregular black body from which the browning radiated. This
could only be seen where the sections are thin and consisted of little

1901. | H. H. Mann—Vhe Lnzymes of the lea Leas. 165

more than one layer of cells. I have not been able yet to more exactly
ascertain the nature of these small black bodies. The second means of
ascertaining the whereabouts of the enzyme was to kill the leaf in chloro
form vapour, when it became brown in a very few minutes, and then cut
sections of the leaf and leaf stalk as before. In the leaf precisely the
same occurred as was found by the first method,—the brown colouration
always commenced at points in the centre of the tissue. Inthe stalk the
result was very definite. Oxidation always occurred first just outside
the fibro-vascular bundles, then it took place just inside the same
layer, and thirdly the cells just inside the epidermis were attacked. A
third method gave results quite agreeing with this as to the stalk, but no
definite results were obtained with the leaf. In examining the sections
by this method, they were first left 12 hours in alcohol to extract the
tannin and precipitate the enzyme. They were then put in a drop of
water on a slide, a drop of guaiacum tincture immediately added and
the preparation then again washed with water. The blue compound
is soluble in alcohol, and the enzyme is soluble in water so that it is
necessary to do these operations as rapidly as possible.

The result obtained showed a general blueing of the section, but
on leaving a short time in glycerine the parts to which the enzyme had
merely spread faded, and left the rest quite heavily stained. The
fibro-vascular bundles were quite free from blue colour, and as for the rest
it was most intense first in the cells just outside this layer, second in the
point just inside it, and third just inside the epidermis. So far as the
stalk is concerned then, the several methods agree as to the points at which
he greatest amount of enzyme is to be found, and this distribution is
almost exactly the same as that of the largest quantity of the tannic
acid.

In general, therefore, with nen to the question already considered
it has been established—

(1) That an oxidase occurs in the leaf of the tea-plant used for
manufacturing tea.

(2) That this oxidase is the principal agent in bringing about the
fermentation and colouring of the leaf. It is most active, below 55°C.
and is destroyed about 80°C., 1s very sensitive to acids, and also to
alkalies, but not to quite the same extent. There is distinct evidence
that part of it usually occurs as a pro-enzyme in the leaf.

(3) That it occurs in greatest quantity in the unopened tip leaf
of the shoot, and that the quantity decreases as the leaves get older, but
that the stalk contains at least the same amount as the tip leaf.

(4) That leaf, taking into consideration gardens of the same type,
which contains the most enzyme makes the most highly flavoured tea.

166 H. H. Mann—Vhe Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

This increase of enzyme in the leaf seems connected in some way with
the amount of phosphates in the soil,

(5) That the amount of enzyme in the leaf materially increases
during withering, a fact which throws an entirely new light on the
nature of the process, and makes it probable that it performs much more
important functions in the manufacture than those with which it has
been hitherto credited.

Other enzymes occur in the tea leaf, but I have no evidence at pre-
sent that their part in the manufacture of tea is of great importance.
Starch occurs in very minute proportion, and as would be expected, a
smal] quantity of diastase with it. This starch persists throughout the
withering operation but entirely disappears during the fermentation.
The diastase can however be detected right through until the tea is fixed,
but only in very small amount. The tests I made as to the existence
of a proteolytic enzyme leave the matter in some doubt, but I certainly
could get no reaction by Fermi and Buscaglioni’s method with gelatine.

The Catalase of Oscar Loew * was, of course, present in rather
large quantity, but I can attribute no important function in the manu-
facture of tea to its presence. Considering the tendency existing to
form Hydrogen Peroxide in organic liquids exposed to sunlight, it seems
natural to consider that it is here present to prevent the formation of
this substance, which could only be a source of injury during the growth
of the tea to the plant. Its presence almost exclusively immediately
under the cuticle cells would materially support this hypothesis.

In conclusion, I have to thank two or three gentlemen whose assis-
tance has been of material advantage to me in this work: These are Mr.
Hooper of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, for making several analyses of
materials for me, and to Mr. C. R, Newton of Kurseong, whose help in |
the microscopic part of the work was extremely valuable.

* See Report U.S.A. Dept. Agri., No. 65, 1900.

INDEX.

Names of New Genera and Species have an asterisk (*) prefixed.

— oO

——_—-

Acmena parviflora, 109 Barringtonia speciosa, 184, 135, 136, 137
» zeylanica, 109 2 spicata, 135, 141

Acridotheres tristis, 6 ai sumatrana, 134, 139
Adigama, 18 Bungarus ceruleus, 10

i; claudina, 18 Butonica, 134, 1385

r malayica, 18. i alata, 136

6 ochsenheimert, 18 ” alba, 137

5 scudderii, 18 ” racemosa, 137

as stolli, 18 Caccabis chucar, 5
Agasta, 135, 136 Calliplea, 25

» asiatica, 135, 136 <5 aristotelis, 25

» tmdica, 135, 136 My eunus, 25

te splendida, 135 $9 hainana, 25

Amerimnum horridum, 60 + inquinata, 25

*Anthidiwm saltator, 151 i, ledereri, 25
+ - viaticum, 152 3 mariesis, 25
APIDH, 146 4 mazares, 25
Arctomys caudatus, 4 t monilis, 25
a himalayanus, 4: BS musa, 25
- hodgsoni, 4 99 palawana, 25

Astur palumbarius, 6
Bacillus subtilis, 156
_ Bexckea, 67, 68, 69

. pollita, 25
Py sambavana, 25
sumbana, 25

chinensis, 68 Calotes versicolor, 11
» Cumingiana, 68 Calyptranthes capitellata, 131
» frutescens, 68 ss costata, 130
» sumatrana, 68 5 cuneata, 1380
Barbus tor, 6, 12 » fastigrata, 113
Barringtonia, 68, 134, 135, 136 " grandis, 130
pa acutangula, 135, 140, 141 ps Jambolana, 131
alata, 136 vy mangiferifolia, 180
a alba, 137 i oleina, 119
: asiatica, 135 + pyrifolia, 99
3 augusta, 139 4s Tatna, 130
“3 conoidea, 134, 136 Canis, 144
x cylindrostachya, 138 Capra falconeri, 3, 8
* * fusiformis, 135, 140 » sibirica, 2, 8
a inclyta, 1387 Careya macrostachya, 138
Fa ? macrophylla, 135 » pendula, 138
3 macrostachya, 134, 137, 188 | Caryophyllus sylvestris, 114
# f musiformis, 185, 139 Cassia candenatensis, 49
+ os paucifiora, 134, 137 5, timorensis, 43
by pendula, 138 * Ceratina cerea, 152
és pterocarpa, 139 ker loquata, 153
% racemosa, 134, 136 * 5 muscatella, 152
- rubra, 137 Cervus goral, 8
= sarcostachys, 138 Circus cyaneus, 12

* 3 scortechinit, 134, 138 Cladrastis, 56

168

Cladrastis Delavayi, 56

9

sinensis, 56

Clavimyrtus lineatus, 100

virens, 105

* Coelionys taurus, 153
Contia angusticeps, 11 :
Orastia, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 31, 38

)

2 amymone, 20, 22, 238
asela, 20
binghami, 20, 21, 22
bremeri, 31
camorta, 20, 22
cora, 20, 21

» + vermeculata, 21

core, 20, 21
crameri, 80
distantu, 20, 22, 23
eleusina, 20, 28
enganensis, 20
espert, 34
felderi, 20, 22, 23
godartit, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23
graminifera, 20, 22
haworthii, 20, 23
hiibneri, 20, 23
inconspicua, 20, 23
janus, 20, 23
kinberg?, 16, 20, 22, 30, 33
layardi, 20, 21, 22
lorquinti, 20, 22, 23, 31
mooret, 20, 23
moahotiu, 20
nicevillei, 2U, 21, 22
oceanis, 20
prunosa, 20, 22
scherzeri, 20, 22
siamensis, 20, 21, 22
snellent, 21, 23
subdita, 20, 21, 22
vermiculata, 20, 21, 22

Cygnus olor, 11

Cyon, 143, 144
CYPRININA, 6, 12
Dalbergaria, 40, 50, 57
DALBERGARIEA, 50
Dalbergia, 39, 40, 52, 62

¥

acaciefolia, 48
Albertisii, 62
arborea, 52
assamica, 51, 52
Balanse, 54
Beccarw, 64
Benthami, 46
Blumei, 49
borneensis, 44
burmanica, 47
cana, 50, 63
candenatensis, 43, 49
cassioides, 55
Championi, 45, 56
Colletti, 56

Index.

Dalbergia confertiflora, 54, 56

congesta, 47
coromandeliana, 60
corymbifera, 63
cultrata, 45
Cumingiana, 63, 64
Cumingii, 63
AS var. Zollingervana, 63
Curtisii, 58
Delavayi, 56
densa, 47
discolor, 58, 61
Dyeriana, 44
emarginata, 41, 42, 51
falcata, 40, 65
ferruginea, 55
flexuosa, 64
foliacea, 43, 54, 61
Forbeswi, 61, 62
frondosa, 52, 58, 59, 60
“ var. typica 58
Gardneriana, 47
glauca, 42, 43
glomeriflora, 50
Godefroy, 63
Hancei, 57
Havilandi, 45
Hemsleyi, 54.
Henryana, 46
hircina, 51, 52, 53
horrida, 60, 64
Hullettii, 45
hupeana, 53, 54
Jaherii, 47
javanica, 41

Junghuhnu, 58, 59, 60, 62

var. Scortechini,
58

A 5» typica, 58
Kingiana, 46
Kunstleri, 40, 65
Kurzit, 50
lanceolaria, 52, 54
latifolia, 41, 59

» var. sissoides, 42
littoralis, 49, 60
livida, 55
luzonensis, 55
malabarica, 48
melanozylon, 59, 61
meneides, 50
Millettii, 48, 56, 57
mimosoides, 56, 57
monosperma, 49
multiflora, 59, 60, 61, 62

os var. glabrescens, 59
oo », pubescens, 59
multijuga, 49
nigrescens, d1
nitida, 46
obtustfolia, 42, 43

‘
:

Index.

Dalbergia Oliveri, 53

= ovata, 43

7 » var, obtusifolia, 42
paniculata, 51, 52, 53, 56, 59
4 parviflora, 62, 63, 64
a penduliflora, 55
M phyllanthoides, 48, 49, 59, 60
var. sennoides,

60

0» », _typica, 60
F polyphylla, 48, 57, 60
os Prazeri, 53
+ pseudo-Sissoo, 45, 56
aA purpurea, 50, 53, 54
reniformis, 40, 64, 65
rumosa, 43, 61
= robusta, 51, 52, 53
rostrata, 45, 55
rubiginosa, 46, 47, 56

”» »

. rufa, 49
ae sacerdotum, 42
% Scortechinii, 57

sennoides, 59, 60

i sericea, 51, 52, 53

ne sissoides, 41

Sissoo, 40, 42, 45, 56
- sp., 42, 61

f spinosa, 60, 61, 64

em stenocarpa, 51
ek 55 stenophylla, 56
93 stercoracea, 58

Ps stupulacea, 43, 53, 54, 55

stupulata, 43, 64

a stocksi, 59

se subsympathetica, 60

o sympathetica, 59, 60, 61

var. glabrescens,
61

tamarindifolia, 48, 49, 56

var. acaciz-

folia, 48

pu bes-

cens, 49

> %)

93 PP)

”» 39 7 ?

* tingens, 55
ca Thomsoni, 57
ae tonkinensis, 42
a torta, 49
rs velutina, 43, 4.4
var. Maingayi, 44
” »» typica, 43
. wolubilis, 43, 53, 54, 56
a Watt, 53

” 9

9 . yunnanensis, 43
” zeylanica, 45, 52
” Zollingeriana, 68

Danisepa, 26
‘ alcidice, 26
x diocletianus, 26
* lower, 26
be maassent, 26
" niasana, 26

169

Danisepa niasica, 26

re radamanthus, 26
Me ramsayi, 26
s rhadamanthus, 26
ee schretberi, 26
ve shreiberi, 26
thoosa, 26
Decaspermum, 67, 75
ec paniculatum, 76
oe a var. Finlay-
soniana, 76
Derris, 51

» pinnata, 57

Dozomma acuminatum, 138
cylindrostachywm, 138
macrostachyum, 138

ye magnificum, 139

as pendula, 138
Drepanocarpus Cumingii, 63
monospermus, 49
reniformis, 64,
BS spinosus, 64
Echis carinatus, 10
Endospermum zeylanicum, 46
Eublepharis macularius, 11
Eugenia, 66, 68, 77, 119, 133
acumimatissuma, 80, 126
+ acutangula, 140

”
”

es emula, 86
Mf alba, 81
y anacardtfolia, 84
% andamanica, 78, 106

anisosepala, 78, 96, 117
Benjamina, 79, 106

Bernardi, 79, 115, 129
borneensis, 182

brachiata, 124, 127
bracteolata, 80, 122

* Burkilliana, 78, 94
calophyllifolia, 120
calyptrata, 132

% caryophyllifolia, 132

caudata, 78, 105

cerasoides, 130

chlorantha, 78, 97, 118
chloroleuca, 79, 113

* Clarkeana, 78, 88, 93, 113, 128
claviflora, 79, 107, 108, 132
var. excavata, 108
glandulosa, 108
leptantha, 108
Maingayi, 108

* *

” 9
”? bb} ”
”» ” ”
” » re)
coarctata, 86
colorata, 121
comosa, 115
conglomerata, 78, 101
* corrugata, 78, 93
corymbosa, 85, 100
crenulata, 78, 91

* Curtisii, 80, 129

7% ‘ var, minor, 129

170

Index.

Eugenia cuspidata, 76

*

cymosa, 78, 91, 100, 105

a var. concinna, 100, 101
decora, 82
densiflora, 77, 84, 90, 94
diospyrifolia, 86
Duthieana, 78, 103
Dyeriana, 78, 88

. var. oblonga, 88

expansa, 79, 113
fastigiata, 113
filiformis, 78, 105
firma, 91
formosa, 77, 80, 84
frondosa, 131
fusiformis, 182
Gageana, 78, 96
garcinifolia, 78, 85, 90
glandulifera, 109
glauca, '78, 97, 102

» var. pseudoglauca, 102
Goodenovii, 79, 117
grandis, 78, 90, 91, 92

- var. lepidocarpa, 90
grata, 79, 109
Grifithti, 78, 92, 98, 112, 118
Helferi, 78, 95
Hemsleyana, 78, 88
Hoseana, 78, 106
Hulletiana, 78, 97
inasensis, 79, 120
inophylla, 79, 114, 115, 117
Jambolana, 80, 131
Jambos, 77, 82, 85
javanica, 77, 81

5 var. Roxburghiana, 82
kinabaluensis, 119
Koordersiana, 80, 118, 128
Kunstleri, 80, 127
Kurzu, 96

» var. andamanica, 78, 95.

levicaulis, 79, 116, 117
lepidocarpa, 78, 89, 92
lineata, 78, 99
lino-cieroidea, 79, 118
lucidula, 104
macrocarpa, 81, 86
macrophylla, 83
Maingayt, 108, 132
malaccensis, 77, 82
Manii, 78, 104
microcalyx, 80, 124, 125

r var. obovata, 125
minutiflora, 103, 127
mollis, 77, 86, 87
Moorei, 181
myriantha, 80, 125 -
myrtifolia, 79, 118
nicobarica, 80, 130
nigrescens, 100
nigricans, 79, 114

Eugenia nitida, 104

&

oblata, 79, 114, 117
oblongifolia, 79, 95, 111

e var. parviflora, 112
A »» robusta, 112
obtusifolia, 132
occlusa, 181
operculata, 80, 104, 129

“f var. coriacea, 130

ts », obovata, 130

i" Paniala, 130

pachyphylla, 78, 89
Paniala, 130
papillosa, 77, 84
Pearsoniana, 79, 116
penangiana, 78, 98
pendens, 78, 85, 94
perakensis, 77, 81
pergamacea, 111
pergamantacea, 77, 87, 89
plumbea, 77, 85
polita, 79, 110
polyantha, 78, 103, 104
polygama, 76
Prainiana, 79, 116
pseudo-formosa, 77, 83
pseudo-subtile, 126
pseudo-subtilis, 80, 123, 128

= var. platyphylla,
124,
M 3 Subacumi-

nata, 80, 124

pseudo-tetraptera, 79, 109

punctulata, 79, 112, 122
purpurea, 83

pustulata, 80, 127

pyrifolia, 78, 99, 122
quadrata, 77, 86
racemosa, 187
ramosissima, 95
rhodomela, 100
ribesioi@es, 130
Ridleyi, 78, 98
rigida, 118
rubricunlis, 100
samarangensis, 80, 84

scalarinervis, 77, 87

scoparia, 80, 125
Scortechinii, 77, 85
var. parvifolia, 86
setosa, 79, 120
simulans, 80, 116, 128
skiophila, 133 :
somarangensis, 80
spicata, 108
Stapfiana, 79, 119
subdecussata, ‘79, 121
5 var. colorata, 121
» montana, 121
sub- harieentnie. 79,112 .
subrufa, 78, 102

Index.

ae subrufa, var. robusta, 103
Swettenhamiana, 80, 126
sylvestris, 114
* tecta, 79, 109, 110
tetraptera, 110
» Lhumra 78, 92
: a var. penangiana, 92
» trinervia, 74
» tumida, 99, 132
» wurceolata, 78, 101
» valdevenosa, 79, 111
* ,, Valetoniana, 79, 112
* ,, variolosa, 79, 107
» venulosa, 80, 123
99 os var. macrothyrsa, 123
» verecunda, 80, 125
* , Wrayi, 79, 119
» zeylanica, 79, 108, 109, 110, 111
Zippelliana, 118
Euplea, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 25, 29,
31, 32, 33
es aleathe, 19
es alopia, 31
5 bremeri, 31, 33, 35
3 is var. pryert, 37
* brookei, 14
=. butlerz, 25

5 castelnawi, 24, 25
* celebica, 25

5 core, 21

<3 corus, 24,

crameri, 15, 30, 38, 34
i 2 tenggerensis, 15
“f drucet, 24,

- elisa, 24

a esperi, 33

5 felderi, 31, 33

Js frauenfeldi, 32

: frauenfeldii, 32, 33, 34
godmani, 25

‘5 gyllenhalui, 25

2 heylzrtsii, 37

oe johanna, 34

as Kinbergi, 14, 30, 31

- locupletior, 25

” lorquinii, 31, 33

4 lorzx, 14

a marsdenia 34
mentawica, 14, 87
micronesia, 24, 25
45 morrist, 14, 38

5. niasica, 35

ee pagenstecheri, 14, 37
aa pavette, 25

“4 pheretena, 24

- phebus, 24

# rafflesi, 14,

A saluini, 25

si tenggerensis, 14

ee tyrianthina, 29

>». vitrina, 24

ber

Euplea (Crastia) crameri, 30
* » ) lorquini, 31
i (Isamia) rafflesi, 14
#4 (Menama) lorze, 14
PS (Tronga) bremeri, 31
is » ) brooket, 14
9» )cramert, 15
) heylertsii, 37
) Kinbergi, 14, 30
) mentawica, 14, 37
5» ) morrisi, 14, 38
EUPLG@INA, 12, 17, 20
Felis par eaee , 4, 9
5» wuncia, 2, 4, 9
Ficus Benjamina, 107
Francolinus pondicerianus, 5
vulgaris, 5
Glauconia blanfor dit, 11
Gongylophis conicus, 11
Gustavia globosa, 14
Gymnodactylus scaber, 11
* Halictus clarus, 147
* al Pllgens, 147
* , Krishna, 146
» mnireus, 147
* ,, testaceus, 148
Hirea Finlaysoniana, 76
HYMENOPTERA, 146
Hypericinea pimentifolia, 73
Hystrizx leucura, 9
Isamia, 16, 28, 31
) adamsoni, 28
» exgyptus, 28
e alopia, 28
» brahma, 28
» carpenteri, 28
» . Chloe, 26
i dameli, 28
+ dejeant, 28
» fabricii, 28
vs grotet, 28
» trawada, 28
oe lowei, 28
» margarita, 28
~ marseuli, 28
» midamus, 28
ss rafilesi, 14, 28
» rogenhoferi, 28
i singapura, 28
» sinica, 28
A sophia, 28
» . splendens, 28
» staudingert, 28
» stichelr, 28
superba, 28
Jambolifera pedunculata, 132
Jambosa, 66, 77, 182
nouminabiseiinn. 127
5 alba, 81
ambigua, &1
bracteata, 109

~
\\ SV
we
“

172

Jambosa densiflora, 85
m domestica, 83
“ -s var. purpurea, 83
*: firma, 91
i formosa, 80
. grandis, 91
a inophylla, 114
"4 insignis, 81
¥ lineata, 100
4 macrophylla, 81
» . matlaccensis, 83
a mappacea, 80
1; nigra, 83
. pulchella, 115
as punctulata, 122
rh purpurascens, 83
3 purpurea, 83
an samarangensis, 81
Pa tenuicuspis, 100
Hs urceolata, 91, 101
vulgaris, 82
LACERTILIA, 11
LecyTHIDE®, 68
LEPTOSPERME®, 67
Leptospermum, 67, 69

Bs amboinensis, 69

i ellipticum, 111

x flavescens, 69

” : var. commune,
69

” “ 33 javanica,
70

is floribundum, 70

4 javanicum, 70

a5 Thea, 69

BS polygalifolium, 69

porophyllum, 69

Lophophorus refulgens, 5, 12
Lycodon striatus, 10
Macacus assamensis, 9

. rhesus, 5, 9
Macklottia amboinensis, 69

javanica, 70

Mahintha, 21
Mammea een 135
Megachile celioxysides, 150

on ae katinka, 150
ghee patella, 151
alga ulrica, 151
hear vera, 150

Melaleuca, 67, 70

i Cajuputi, 71

* Cumingiana, 71

_ decurrens, 72

i eugentifolia, 72

s lancifolia, 71

- Leucadendron, 70, 71
var. Leucaden-

dron, 71

minor, 71

” PP

” P ” ”
ad minor, 71

Index.

Melaleuca saligna, 71
G viridifiora, 71
MELASTOMACEA, 66
Memecylon acuminatum, 76
Menama, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 36, 37, 38
a buxtoni, 17, 18
Fs camaralzeman, 17, 18
cupreipennis, 17
bs lorax, 14, 17, 36, 37
i modesta, 17, 18

x moorei, 17, 18
5 mouhotit, 22, 38
x simulatriz, 17

tavoyana, 17
Monozora spectabilis, 74
Moschus moschiferus, 4, 9
MyRTACEA, 66, 103
MyrtTe#, 67
Myrtus acuminatissima, 127

» amboinensis, 69
» canescens, 75
3» caudata, 105
» Cumini, 132
» cymosa, 100, 104
» densiflora, 85
» Jdambos, 82
' 4, Leucadendron, 71
», lineata, 100
» macrophylla, 83
» matlaccensis, 83
» quadrangularis, 109
» samarangensis, 81
5 smilacifolia, 74
5, tomentosa, 75
» btrinervia, 74
zeylanica, 109
Naja tripudians, 10
Narmada, 29

- consimilis, 29
a coreoides, 29
y coreta, 29

3 lankana, 29

% martinis, 29

montana, 29
Nelitris pallescens, 76
5 paniculata, 76
sg polygama, 76
i polymorpha, 76
*Nomada flavozonata, 148
Rae: lucilla, 149
wares priscilla, 150
*Nomia himalayana, 148
* 4, shiva, 148
Oligodon subgriseus, 11
Ormocarpum scandens, 64
Otis tetraw, 11
Ovis cycloceros, 3, 4, 8
5 vignei, 3, 4, 8
5 vignit, 145
Pademma, 12, 16, 27
Ps apicalis, 27

Pademma augusta, 27

2 burmeisteri, 27
Fe crassa, 27

= dharma, 27

i erichsonit, 27
es grantit, 27

A hamiltoni, 27
* illustris, 27

% imperialis, 27

8 indigofera, 27
— lugii, 16, 27
kollart, 16, 27

5» _ maccellandi, 27
" masoni, 27

ds minorata, 27

= pembertoni, 27

- regalis, 27
a rothneyi, 27
5 sherwillit, 27
f sinhala, 27
uniformis, 27
Palzornis torquatus, 2
Penoa, 16, 19
» alcathe, 19, 20
» cyllene, 19
» detone, 16, 19, 20
5, adistincta, 19
» Gdoubdledayi, 16, 19, 20
» evalida, 16, 19
» Leyndhovii, 19
» gardineri, 16, 19, 20
» £ geyert, 19, 20
» kKkheili, 19
» Wwmborgii, 19, 20
» magnifica, 19
» masina, 19
3, melancholica, 19
» menetriesii, 16, 19, 20
» pinwillr, 16, 19, 20
» poeyi, 19
», sapitana, 19
» seitzi, 19
» transpectus, 19
» ¢uniformis, 19, 20
» wallengreni, 19
zonata, 19, 20
Planchonia, 68, 141

- andamanica, 142
= sundiaca, 142
Pseudo-eugenia, 68, 183, 134
ts perakensis, 133
* " singaporensis, 1383

Pucrasia castanea, 5

y macrolopha, 5
Rallus aquaticus, 11
Rhodamnia, 67, 74

* cinerea, 74
x concolor, 74
. Mulleri, '75
. Nageli, 75

spectabilis, 74

Index. 173

Rhodamnia subtriflora, 75
7 trinervia, 74
4 »> var. concolor, 74
<f 5 » spectabilis, 74
Rhodomyrtus, 67, 75
tomentosa, 75
Batienat 26, 27
ie althza, 27
A dehaanii, 26, 27
» eunice, 27
4 hewitsonii, 27
dl hobsoni, 27
2 kadu, 27
» vazulina, 26, 27
5» leucogonys, 26, 27
5, leucostictos, 26, 27
- meldolx, 27
Bd negleyana, 27
‘3 novarez, 26, 27
¥ oculata, 27
3 phane, 27
e simillima, 27
vestigiata, 26, 27
SELENOLOBIE PseUDODALBERGARIEA, 64

PsEUDOSISSO#, 65
Sclcnlobian, 40, 64

Selinda eleusina, 23
» Jjanus, 28
Sissoa, 40, 43
Sisso# UNGUICULATA, 45

9 ss PSEUDOS ELENO

BIEM, 49
» VERS, 40

Stictoplewa, 12, 16, 29, 30

4 bazilana, 29

- binotata, 29

ie crowleyt, 29

4s dotata, 29

- groter, 29

. harrisii, 29

. hopet, 29

a inconspicua, 29

uF lacordairei, 29

., laetifica, 29

- meesta, 29

i microsticta, 29

ne picina, 29

%9 pygmea, 29

a regina, 29
= swinhet, 29

tyrianthina, 29
Stravidium, 134

i acuminatum, 138
f, acutangulum, 140
my album, 137

bs ? coccineum, 141

2 ? denussum, 141

Me globosum, 141

= Horsfieldvi, 141

a obtusangulum, 140
a pubescens 14]

174

Index.

Stravidium reticulatum, 141

Rheedii, 140
rubrum, 140
sarcostachys, 1388
serratum, 141
spicatum, 141

‘Syzygium, 66, 79

”

aldesimum, 127
angkolanum, 130
apodum, 122

avena, 125
capillare, 105
caryophyllifolium, 132
caudatum, 100, 105
cinereum, 124
claviflorwm, 107
concinnum, 100
corticatum, 109
costatum, 130
cymosum, 100
euneuron, 113
eacavatum, 107, 108
expansum, 113
filiforme, 105

Trepsichrois, 23, 24

basilissa, 24
claudius, 23, 24
diocletia, 24
dufresne, 24
kalinga, 24
Kochi, 24
linnet, 22, 24

» var. paupera, 2
maassi, 24
malakoni, 24
megilla, 24
mindanensis, 24
muleiber, 24
semperi, 24
seraphita, 24
tisiphone, 24
van-deventeri, 23, 24
verhuelli, 24
visaya, 24,

Triptolemea, 40, 56, 57
TRIPTOLEMEA, 48

99

PsEUDOLENOLOBIA, 63
VERA, 56

4 firmum, 92 Tristania, 67, 71
i grande, 92 es burmamnica, 74
. gratum, 109 a Maingayi, 71, 72
A inophyllum, 114 e merguensis, 71, 72, 73
ne insigne, 92 ~ obovata, 71, 73
ee Jambolanum, 131 eee subauriculata, 71, 72
ij * var, microcar- uw sumatrana, 73
pum, 132 A Whiteana, 71, 73
a lateriflorum, 132 Wightiana, 73
ey longiflorum, 107 Tristaniz affinis, 72
fs montanum, 92 Tronga, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 30, 31, 32’
tes myrtifolium, 119 35, 36, 37, 38
nelitricarpum, 100 » Oiseriata, 18, 38, 34, 38
es nervosum, 130 » bremeri, 13, 15, 18, 31, 32, 35
nodosum, 130 » brookei, 13, 14, 18, 36, 37
ms oblatum, 115 » cramert, 18, 14, 15, 18, 30, 32, 33,
a obovatum, 130 35, 36, 37, 38
- ocelusum, 131 S » ab. biseriata, 14, 15, 38
* Panealla, 130 a » biseriata, 15, 34
bi politum, 110 ‘5 » oremeri, 15, 32
2 polyanthum, 130 - 3» brookei, 15
bs pulchellum, 115 as » marsdeni, 15, 35
x punctulatum, 122 . 3» «= moorer, 15
- pyrifolium, 99 de «= morrist, 15
na ribesoides, 124 Fe » pagenstecheri, 15, 37
is rigidum, 118 ‘3 tenggerensis, 14, 15, 38
a scabridum, 109 4 daatensis, 13, 15, 18, 36
oe scoparim, 125 » ~~ espert, 18, 33
S suavissimum, 108 8 frauenfeldii, 18, 32, 33, 34, 35
- subdecussatum, 88, 121 a heylertsit, 13, 18, 37
subtile, 124 af johanna, 15, 18, 34
a truncatum, 115 », kinbergi, 13, 14, 30, 31
ig vastum, 130 » labuana, 13, 15, 18, 36
. verecundum, 126 » lorze, 37
* vimineum, 76, 100 » marsdeni, 18, 34
zeylanicum, 109 » mentawica, 14, 18, 37

Tetraogallus himalayensis, 5 » Moorei, 13 18, 38

Tronga morrisi, 14, 18, 38

”

niasica, 15, 18, 35, 37
micevillet, 18, 21, 37, 38
olivacea, 18, 15, 18, 35
pagenstecheri, 18, 37
pryert, 18, 15, 18, 36, 37
» heylertsi, 15, 37
» mentawica, 15, 37
» masica, 15, 35
» nicevillei, 15
tenggerensis, 18, 38

“4 ab. biseriata, 18

bb)
Tropidonotus piscator, 10

9

stolatus, 10

Index.

Typhlops braminus, 11
Un@uicuLatTa, 40
Ursus arcticus, 4, 9
» torquatus, 4, 9

Varanus bengalensis, 11

a flavescens, 11
VIPERIDZ, 10
Zamenis, 10

‘5 diadema, 10

ap ladacensis, 10

fe mucosus, 10 *

a rhodorachis, 10

” ventrumaculatus, 5, 10

175

¥

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The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year
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ASIA'TIC SOCTETY.

SB Ot

- The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year

_ as soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first

Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October ;

_ they contain an account of the meeting with some of the shorter -and

_ less important papers read at it, while only titles or short resumés of the

3 longer papers, which are subsequently published in the Journal, are given.

' The Journal consists of three entirely distinct and separate volumes :

Part I, containing papers relating to Philology, Antiquities, etc.; Part IT,

| containing papers relating to Physical Science; and Part III devoted to
_ Anthropology, Ethnology, ete.

Each Part is issued in four or five numbers, and the whole forms
three complete volumes corresponding to the year of publication.
The Journal of the Asiatic Society was commenced in the year 1832,

_ previous to which the papers read before the Society were published in

a quarto periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes —

_ were issued between the years 1788 and 1839.

a The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to
each year from 1832 to 1864; in that year the division into two parts
above-mentioned was made, and since that date two volumes have been
issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part III,

has been issued.

The Proceedings up to the year 1864, were bound up with the
Journal, but since that date have been separately issued every year.

The following is a list of the Asiatic Society’s publications relating

_ to Physical Science, still in print, which can be obtained at the Society’s

_ House, No. 57, Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents ir

- London, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from

_ Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany.

_ Asiatic Reszarcurs. Vols. VII, Vols. XI and XVII, and
: ._ Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 50 C
Proceepines of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (incl.) @
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(7), @ 1/8 per No. to Members and @ ie ad No, to o Non |

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¢

N. B. _The figur es enclosed in brackets give the 1a a of
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Centenary Review of the Researches of the Society from 1734 to
1883

Theobald’s Catalogue of Reptiles 5 in he Museum of the hate
Society (Extra Ne. J. A. S. B., 1868)

Catalogue of the Mammals and Birds of Burmah, by E. Blyth

(Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1875) ‘at ates
Catalogue of Fossil Ver eb ats wee
Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Society, Béagal
Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera,
Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each

SSO ee eee eee’

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