8 TE OT PD Oe One shee fo Die erat ety : ” +e et ete ae Ant ie eRe Tee 1 Fae eye 4 Seat Nm / , ) ‘ a Ale Rete et nippy eater trier ren. web roe Pe Sabet 6 tee ke ahs AS be tn Bee BUNA a pal Bat NIT BY er ul as Markee = ah tes Ae ¢: aot! wlasedh es NGG ; a Ra ae eh fase CO as é 5 nye Pe ee ar : n 2 Es : Fp jar Pie A wd, ara : . + . ait Rtg ice APB ws rs Foret RAM Fe TS are Sete rebth os ” ioe , 7 e ‘ be. a B > > eat : ‘ pads s ‘ nates rane es ee wee 8 ert . eet a aa 85S Pe SET Bs at amen oye “et HORS TEE oP BOR LE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY uc ea) JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. —o@— Vole Scr PART II. (NATURAL History, &c.) (Nos. I to IV.—1872.) EDITED BY JHE JIONORARY PECRETARIES. ‘‘ Tt will flourish, if naturalists, chemists, antiquaries, philologers, and men of science in different parts of Asza, will commit their observations to writing, and send them to the Asiatic Society at Calcutta. It will languish, if such communications shall be long intermitted ; and it will die away, if they shall entirely cease.” SIR WM. JONES. OS Eee eee (CAILICIO) IM aN roa: oe ee PRINTED BY fc. Pp. j;=©wis, PAPTIST Mission PRESS, 1372. " Dn er c se YVR si QO Al ih Bis. San, 2S V Notice to Members and Correspondents. The duties of the London Agency of the Society will hereafter be carried out by Messrs. Trubner and Co. of 60, Paternoster Row, London, and it is requested that all applications in Europe for the publications of the Society, hitherto made to Messrs. Williams and Norgate, may be addressed to Messrs. Trubner and Co., and that all com- munications for the Society’s Journal and Pro- ceedings and all books, &c., for the Society’s Library may be sent to the same firm. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. =O @ Stew Bat, V.;—Notes on Collection of Birds, made in the Andaman Islands by Assistant Surgeon G. EH. Dobson, M. B., during the POMC SLOMAN EDL, ANC MAY eI Seaview cot cee ccs ece'ssetiva ves avete Branrorp, W. T. ;—Account of a visit to the Eastern and North- Eastern Frontiers of Independent Sikkim, &c., Part II, Zoology, ;—Notes on a Collection of Birds from Sikkim (with Plates vu and vii), ;—Monograph of Himalayan, Assamese, Barmese and Cingalese Clausilie (with Plate 1x), ............:.:cceesecsecsesen Brooxs, W. H. ;—Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir, ;—On two undescribed Cashmir Birds, ...............406 Day, F. ;—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide, Part IV, (with Plate I), ;—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide, Part V, ——— ;—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide, Part VI, ...............4.. ;—Notes on Fish, collected by Dr. Stoliczka, in Kachh, ...... Doszson, G. HE. ;—On the Osteology of Zrienops persicus, (with Plate VT), ——_—_. ——= see e ee ser reeset roe roses eFosseor eet eeneoseeseuesos FOR Pee met wee terse cesses or ser ose sesso roe oe seo vost oesosseoressesoesd ;—On the Osteology of some species of Bats, ......... ;—Brief descriptions of five new species of Rhinolo- yD aMTOve: 1 SEPP aaere oon ee nry Ae Otco Et ac RAAE anaes Sa Serien ab ta tua Gopwiy-Austen, H. H.;—Third list of Birds obtained in the Khasi ciel Cre tO HM PATS ip haline Minima nsateissadlsaeees we Sala nahunneneesg Kurz, S. ;—New Barmese Plants, (Part I), SCHWENDLER, L. ;—On Differential Galvanometer,...............esce0cee8 StoticzKa, FE. ;—Notes on various new or little known Indian [i- zards, (with Plates II and III), —— ;—Notes on various new or little known Indian Li- Apacer lates Ve and Nyanja acai esainesseccesbaecdswagens ;—Postseript to the Monograph of Himalayan and Barmese Clausiliz, (with part of Plate IX), 00.0.0... cece eee ees ;—Notice of the Mammals and Birds, inhabiting Pete ae ree ese rs aser sees earss soe eres os eases es SOF SOS PEroeseoreereesreeeed ;—On the Land-shells of Penang Island, Part I, Gyelastomoucco (mun labe XK) iis. iccs 6s case secversseveresecuecOuneanes THEOBALD, W. anv SroniczKa, F. ;—-Notes on Barmese and Ara- kanese Landshells, &c., (with Plate XI), oe seer ereoerereoveeoneasece Page Date of issue of the different numbers of Part II, Journal. No. I,—containing pp. 1—116, with pls. i—iii,— was issued on Ist May, 1872. No, I1,—containing pp. 117—170, with pls. iv—viii,— was issued on 25th June, 1872. No. III,—containing pp. 171—271, with pls. ix and x,— was issued on 12th November, 1872. No. IV,—containing pp. 273—351, with pl. xi,— was issued on 22nd Decem- ber, 1872. JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY. =—G-— Part II1.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE. SO eee eee INiOr eS 2: Monograra or Inpran Cyprinipm, Parr 1V,—by Surgeon EB. Day. (With Plate I.) [Received 6th October, 1871.—Continued from p, 367 of vol. XL. Pt. VI, 1871.] Genus.—Baniius, (H. B.) Bleeker, (Pl. 1.) Opsarius, sp, McClelland, Pachystomus, sp. Heckel. Chedrus, (Swains.) Bleeker. Opsaridium, Peters, apud Gtinther. Pieropsarion sp., Shacra, sp. et Bola sp., Gunther. Abdomen rounded. Pseudobranchie present. Mouth anterior, some- times oblique, having a moderate or deep cleft. Lower jaw with a knob above the symphysis, and an emargination to recewe it in the upper jaw. Suborbital ring of bones generally broad, more especially seen in the third, which may even be entirely behind the vertical from the posterior margin of the orbit. Barbels four (Pachystomus, “ Heckel,’ Bleeker), or two (Ben- dilisis, Bleeker), or none (Barilius, Ham. Buch.). Pharyngeal teeth hooked, 5,3 or 4,2 or 1/1, or 2, 4 or 3, 5, or else 5, 2 or 4/4 or 2,5. Dor- sal fin without osseous ray, of moderate length, imserted posteriorly to the ventrals, sometimes extending to above the anal, which latter is somewhat elongated. Scales of moderate or small size. Lateral line concave, con- tinued on to the middle or lower half of the caudal, or complete, or absent. Gill rakers very short or absent. Geographical distribution. Fresh waters of India and Burma, extend- ing to the Malay Archipelago ; also found in the Nile and Hast Africa. a 10. #22, F. Day—Wonograph of Indian Cyprinidae. [No. 1, SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. A. With four barbels. (Pachystomus.) Barilius rerio, D, 2/7, A. 3/12, L.r. 26—28. With blue horizontal bands. 3) ” India. piscatorius, D. 2/7, A. ar L. 1.42. With 10 vertical bars. Hi- malayas and Nipdl. radiolatus, D. 2/8, A. ee L.1.56. Uniform. Central India. modestus, D. 2/7, A, ——— we Tare L. 1. 48. Back dark, sides silvery. Panjab. Bleekeri, D. 2/7, A. a, L. 1, 48. Seven vertical bars. Panjab. shacra, D. 217, A. 218, L.1.53. Twelve vertical bars. Bengal, N. W. Provinces and Asda. bendelisis, D. 2/7, A. 3/8, L, 1, 43. Short vertical bars. Southern India, cocsa, D IN L. 1, 42. Vertical bars. Throughout India. 2 “78 7 = B. With two barbels. (Bendilisis.) vagra, D. 2/7, A. c= = L. 1.42, Indistinct vertical bars. Ben- galand N. W. Provinces. barila, D. 2/7, A. 3/10, L. 1. 483—46. With 14 or 15 vertical bars. Bengal, Orissa, nigrofasciatus, D. 2/7, A. 2/11, L.r. 30. A dark lateral band, Burma, C. Without barbels. (Barilius.) Bakeri, D. 3/10, A. 222897) 1,98) A cow. of large spots. Tra- “4? vancore, Canarensis, D. le a 2/13, L. 1. 38. Two rows of spots. Canara. gatensis, D. —— = Shy L. 1.40. With 15 vertical bars. = 12—13? Western care and Neilghervies. tileo, D. 2/8, A. 2/12, L. 1.70. Tworows of spots. Bengal and Asam. pyupillatus, D, 3/7, A Orissa, bola, D. 3/7, A. 3/10, L. 1. 88. Two rows of blotches. Orissa, Bengal, Asém. guttatus, D. 2/7, A. 3/11, L. 1. 44. Two rows of spots. Burma. interruptus, D. 2/7, A. 2/12, L. 1. 34, incomplete. Short vertical bars. Hotha. barna, D, 2/7, A. 3/10, Li. 1.42. Nine vertical bands. Orissa, Bengal, Asém. borelio, D. 2/7, A. a; a" Silvery. Bengal and N, W. Provinces. hoalus, D,9, A.10. Uniform. N. W. Provinces. Er O=ai 2a, L. 1.39. From 7 to 9 vertical bands. 1872.] EF. Day—Honograph of Indian Cyprinide. 3 A. With four barbels. (Pachystomus.) 1. Bariitus (Pachystomus) RERIO. Cyprinus rerio, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 323, 390; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 406. Perilampus striatus, McClell., Ind, Cyp., pp. 290, 397, pl. 46, fig. 1, (from H. By MS.) Barilius rerio, *Gtinther, Catal., vii, p. 292. Danio UVineatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 198, and 1869, p. 378. Poncha-geraldi. Uriah. B. 111. D. 2/7, P. 18, V. 8, A. 3/12, C. 19, L. 1. 26—28, L. tr. 6. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/4, height of body 1/4, of dorsal fin 2/13, of the total length —Hyes: diameter nearly 1/3 of length of head, 1/2 a diameter from end of snout, and 1 diameter apart. Lower jaw the long- er; rostal barbels short, maxillary ones reaching the opercle.—Zteth : pharyngeal, crooked, poimted, 5, 3, 1/1, 3, 5—Hins : dorsal commences oppo- site the anal, and slightly before the middle of the total length ; dorsal and anal highest anteriorly; caudal deeply forked.—Lateral line: absent.— Colours: about four metallic blue lines along the sides and forming three bands on the caudal fin. Dorsal with a blue edging. Anal with three longitudinal blue bands. Hab.—Bengal and Madras, attaiming to about 2 inches in length. Hamilton Buchanan and McClelland give 17 rays as existing in the anal fin. 2. Barrirus (Pachystomus) PISCATORIUS. Opsarius piscatorius, McClell., Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist. 11, 1842, p. 582. Barilius alburnus, Ginther, Catal., vii, p. 289. Charl, Panj. B 1it. D. 2/7, P. 16, V. 9, A. a ©) 19) in 1) 42 tr. 8/4 Vert. 16/23. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total leneth.— Eyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to beneath the middle of the orbit ; lower jaw slightly the longer. Third suborbital bone twice as deep as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Humeral process very short. Rostral barbels nearly half as long as the head, maxillary pair very short.— Teeth: pharyngeal, crooked, 5, 3, 2 /2, 3, 5.—Fins : dorsal higher than long, commencing midway between the posterior edge of the orbit and the root of the caudal, its last two rays being over the anal ; pectoral not quite so long as the head; caudal deeply forked—Colowrs: ten dark bands descend from the back to the lateral line; fins yellowish, the edge of the caudal stained greyish. Hab.—Rivers in the Sub-Himalayas and Ganges, where it attains above five inches in length. Also Nipal and Sikkim. It does not appear im- A FE. Day—Monograph of Indian Oyprinide. [Nowa probable that specimens “ a—é, 43 inches long, from the collection of the East India Company” now in the British Museum, may have been a por- tion of the ten typical specimens of O. piscatorius, McClelland, which were presented by him to the East India Museum, (see McClelland’s list in Cal. Journ. of Nat. Hist.,) and now form types of B. albwrnus, Gunther. 3. Barrrus (Pachystomus) RADIOLATUS. Barilius radiolatus, Giinther, Catal., vii, p. 287. Bes 2/8) Pde V9 A 2/ LOC 19) Mi 5 G5 Ur tr ey ee Length of head 2/9, height of body 2/9 of the total length, excluding the caudal fin. The specimens in the British Museum are in a very bad state, having apparently been dried and subsequently placed im spirit by the Messrs. von Schlagintweit, or else when just caught immersed in alco- hol which was too strong, and subsequently shaken about until their tails were destroyed—Hyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and rather more apart. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to a little behind the front edge of the orbit; lower jaw projects slightly when the mouth is closed. The third suborbital bone near- ly reaches the preopercular ridge. Humeral process short. Two pairs of short barbels.—Hins: the dorsal higher than long, commencing midway between the eye and the root of the caudal fin, its last ray not extending so far as to arise above the anal. Caudal apparently deeply forked. Hab.—Central India. 4, Bariurus (Pachystomus) MODESTUS. ? Opsarius bicirrhatus, McClelland, Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist., ii, 1842, p. 582. ? Barilius bicirrhatus, *Ginther, Catal., vii, p. 290. 9 2 v5, B UE D2) Pils, V9, A eee C19) aa es Length of head 2/11, of caudal 2/11, height of body 2/9 of the total lenoth.—Hyes: situated mm the anterior half of the head, and 3/4 of a diameter from the end of snout. Suborbital rmg of bones wide, the third nearly touching the preopercular ridge. Upper jaw slightly the longer; the posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to below the middle of the orbit. Rostral barbels extend to beneath the front margin of the eye; the maxil- lary pair minute. Humeral process short. ims : dorsal two-thirds as high as the body below it, commencing midway between the posterior extremity of the caudal lobes and the snout: it is entirely, or all but the last ray, in advance of the anal. Pectoral nearly as long as the head, but not reaching the ventrals, which last extend half way to the base of the anal.—Lateral line: very slightly concave—Scales deciduous, two and a half rows between the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin—Oolowrs: back brownish, 1872.] F.. Day— Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 5 strongly defined from the silvery sides ; caudal edged with dark; the other fins yellow. Hab.—The Ravi river at Lahore, where it attains four inches in length and is not uncommon. This fish differs in coloration from McClelland’s, which, he observes, has nine incomplete bars on the sides. The reason of this may be, that his speci- mens were obtained from the Khyber pass and Kabul river, where coloration is probably more vivid; as, however, the species possesses a pair of minute maxillary barbels, McClelland’s name, (provided both are identical), is a mis- nomer. 5. Baris (Pachystomus) BuEEKERI. Eeihie | 2/7, P18, V9) A ae joe Oy Ty ae, a Length of head 1/5, of caudal, 1/6, height of dorsal 1/7, of body 1/5 of the total length —FHyes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diame- ter from end of snout. Lower jaw slightly the longer, having pores on its lower surface, but none on the snout; the posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to beneath the middle of the orbit. Third suborbital bone not quite half as wide as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Humeral process small. Four long barbels, the rostral extending to below the pos- terior third of the orbit, the maxillary to about the same place. ims: dorsal rather higher than its base is long, but not so high as the body below it, commencing midway between the snout and middle of the length of the caudal fin, its last one or two rays being over the anal; the lower caudal lobe slightly the longer. Pectoral as long as the head without the snout, and extending three-fourths of the distance to the ventral which does not reach the anal.—Scales : with several raised lines on each; two and a half rows between the lateral line and base of the ventral fin——Colowrs: silvery, be- coming white beneath, and having a purplish tinge along the back ; seven short vertical blue bars along the middle of the side. Fins orange; caudal stained on its outer edge. Hab.—A river at Ganegrete, which joins the Beeas in the Sub-Hima- layan range. It is asmall species and out of six specimens obtained the largest was only three inches in length, and was said to be adult ; it was full of ova. 6. Bariius (Pachystomus) SHACRA. Cyprinus shacra, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 271, 385. Barbus schagra, *Cuy. and Val., xvi, p. 196. Opsarius cirrhatus, McClell., Indian Cyp., pp. 296, 416, pl. 56, fig. 5, (from H. B. MS.) Shacra cwrrhatus, Gtinther, Catal. vii, p. 294. ‘Girha, Panj. Pew 2/7, Ba hoy Vis 8X. 2/8, C. 195 1, 1538; i. tr: 1179. 6 F. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinidae. [No. 1, Length of head, of caudal and of height of body each 2/9, of the dorsal fin 2/13 of the total length—Hyes: diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Maxillary barbels as long as the eye, the rostral slightly longer. The maxilla reaches to below the anterior margin of the orbit; third suborbital bone as wide as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Humeral process extends to rather behind the origin of the pectoral fin.— Teeth : pharyngeal, 5, 4/4, 5, crooked.— Fins : dorsal commences midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin, its last ray is over the first of the anal. The four outer pectoral rays strong. Caudal deeply forked.—Gz/l rakers absent— Lateral line: goes to the centre of the base of the caudal fin —Colowrs : back olive, rest of the body pinkish silvery ; about twelve incomplete bars go from the back downwards towards the lateral line. The lower two-thirds of the vertical fins stained. Hab.—Bengal, Bihar, N. W. Provinces and Asam. The species is said to attain 5 inches in length. 7. Barris (Pachystomus) BENDELISIS. Cyprinus bendelisis, Buchanan, Journ. Mysore, iii, p. 345, pl. 32, and Fishes of Ganges, pp. 270, 385; *McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 297, 418. Gobio bendilisis, *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 316. Barilius bendelisis, Giinther, Catal., vii, p. 288. B. IIT. D. 2/7, P. 13, V. 9, A. 3/8, C. 19, L. 1. 48, L. tr. 8/4. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/9, of dorsal fin 1/6 of the total length— yes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout and apart. No pores on snout ; the posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to below the anterior third of the orbit. The third suborbital bone more than twice as high as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Four short barbels. Humeral process styliform and scarce- ly elongated.—Fins : dorsal much higher than its base is long, commen- cing slightly nearer the snout than the posterior extremity of the caudal, and not extending to over the anal; caudal forked, lobes rather poimted.— Lateral line : with 23 rows between it and the ventral fin —Colowrs : silvery, with greenish vertical bars, descending towards the lateral line; dorsal fin stained greyish in its centre, externally white ; caudal likewise stained grey. Some of the scales have occasionally a black spot at their bases. Humeral process silvery. Hab.—Mysore and Southern India, attaining 43 inches in length. 8. Bariius (Pachystomus) cocsa. Cyprinus cocsa, Ham, Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 272, 385, pl. 3, fig. 77. chedra, Ham. Buch,, l.c. pp. 273, 385; Gray and Hardw., Il. Ind. Zool., (from H. B. MS.) ; McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 298, 409; *Cuy. and Val., xvi, p. 421. ; tila, Ham. Buch., 1. c. pp..274, 8385; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 422. te) 1872.] F. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinide. 7 Leuciscus cocsa, branchiatus, et brachiatus, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 293, 294, 409, 411, pl. 42, fig. 5, *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 469. Barbus cocsa, Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 197. Cyprinus apiatus, Val., in Jacq. Voy. Ind. Or., Atl., t. 15, fig. 3; McClelland Ind. Cyp., pp. 293. 408. Leuciscus apiatus, Cuy. and Val., xvii, pp. 351, 495, pl. 510. Opsarius dualis (?) Jerdon, M. J. L. and §., 1849, p 330. Chedrus cocsa, Stein., Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867, lvi. Barilius cocsa, Giinther, Catal., vii, p 288. Khoksa, Bae. Puckwahree, ze ue a, Mah. BIL D.—, P. 18, V.9, 2, —— Length of Ho A, of caudal 16 an of ae nearly 1/4, of dorsal fin 1/6 of the total length—Hyes: diameter 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 17 apart. In large specimens the snout is generally covered with pores. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to below the anterior third of the orbit. Third suborbital bone as wide as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Humeral process generally very broad, and posteriorly produced in a lancet shaped form, more or less elongated in different specimens. Four short barbels.—Zeeth : pharyn- geal, 5, 4, 2/2, 4,5.—Fims: dorsal much higher than its base is long, it commences midway between the snout and the centre of the caudal fin, and does not extend to over the anal; caudal forked, lower lobe the longer.— Lateral line : 24 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin.— Colours : silvery shot with purple ; back of a slaty grey descending in bars towards the lateral line and most distinct in immature specimens. Hach scale in adults with a black spot at its base, and two on each forming the lateral line. Fins whitish, tinged with orange. A grey margin to the dorsal and caudal, the lower lobe of which is sometimes stained black. Humeral process black- edged. : Hab.—Continent of India, not recorded from the Malabar coast. It attains 6 inches in length. B. With two barbels, (Bendilisis.) 9. Bariius (Bendilisis) vacra. Cyprimus vagra, Ham, Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 269, 385; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 420. Opsarius isocheilus, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 298, 421, pl. 56, fig. 1, (H. B. ae Jo 0A D, 2/7, P. 15, V.9, A. 2, C. 19, L. 1. 4245, L. tr. 2 Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/4, height of body 1/4, of teas fin 2/11 of the total length.—ZHyes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to below the middle of the orbit; the third suborbital ig ee 8 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 1, bone nearly touches the preopercular ridge. Two short rostral barbels. Humeral process short.—Fims : dorsal commences midway between the pos- terior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin——JZateral line: 13 rows between it and the base of the ventral fin.—Colowrs : silvery with a light band and indistinct vertical bars. Hab.—Bengal and N. W. Provinces, attaining 5 inches in length. 10. Bartiius (Bendilisis) BARmA. Cyprinus barila, Ham. Buch., Fish. Gang., pp. 267, 384; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 418. es chedrio, Ham. Buch., 1. c. pp. 268, 384; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 419. Opsarius anisocheilus, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 298, 422, pl. 48, fig. 8. Barilius morarensis, Gunther, Catal., vii, p. 290. 3 barila, Giinther, 1. c. p. 291; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 378. Gilland and Caedra, Beng. -Persee, Hind. 2 Te MUL Dye 1s ay Ns = ©. 19, L. 1. 483—46, L. tr. 64/5. Length of head 1/5, of caudal nearly 1/5, height of body 1/4, of dorsal fin 1/6 of the total leneth.— Lyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout and apart. The posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to be- low the anterior third of the orbit. Third suborbital bone wide and nearly touching the preopercular ridge. Rostral barbels, small—veth : pharyngeal, crooked, pointed, 5, 4, 3/3, 4, 5.— Fins: dorsal commences midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin.—Colowrs : silvery, with fourteen or fifteen vertical blue bands in the middle third of the side of the fish. Hab.—Bengal and Orissa, grows to 4 inches in length. 11. Barirus (Bendilisis) NIGROFASCIATUS. Barilius nigrofasciatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 620. ? Cyprinus chapalio, Ham. Buch., pp. 324, 390, *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 416. Le UD DS Ay, lela, our Ny Pyle, (Ci 1S) We S30) be ae, 7 Length of head 2/11, of caudal nearly 1/3, height of body 2/7 of the total length—Hyes: diameter nearly 1/2 of length of head, 1/4 of a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Lower jaw prominent. No rostral barbels apparent, the maxillary extend to below the middle of the orbit.— Fins : dorsal situated over the first portion of the anal, and midway between the posterior extremity of the orbit and the base of the caudal, which last is lunated.—Lateral line, absent.—Colowrs: very similar to B. rerio, H. B- A dark band passes along the side of the body, and a second dotted line below it. Dorsal and anal spotted with black in lines. In some specimens the body is intensely blue. Hab.—Pegu and Moulmein. Out of 20 specimens none exceeded 7/10 of an inch in length. f 1872. ] F. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinide. 9 C. Without barbels (Barilius). 12. Bariiius Baxert, Pl. I, Fig. 2. Barilius Bakeri, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 805, and Fish, Malabar, p. 218, pl. 18. Pieropsarion Bakeri, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 284. een Ps, yo, A C17, 1. 1 88,1. tr. 9/4. Length of head 1/4, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/7, of dorsal 1/6 of the total length—Hyes : diameter about 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, 1? diameters apart. Mouth compressed, lower jaw the longer, the posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to nearly below the centre of the orbit. Some pores exist along the margin of the lower lip, on the snout, and on the anterior edge of the preorbital. No barbels.—Zveth : pharyngeal, curved and pointed, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5.—ins : dorsal commences nearly midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, extending to above the fourth anal ray; caudal forked, lower lobe very slightly longer.—Lateral line : 2 rows of scales between it and base of the ventral fin— Colours : greyish becoming white on the abdomen. A row of large bluish spots along the side. Dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins margined with white, and having dark grey bases. Caudal, grey in the centre. Hab.—Hill ranges of Travancore, whence I received several specimens collected by the Rev. H. Baker. It attains six inches in length. 18. Barrtrus CANARENSIS. Opsarius Canarensis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8., 1849, p. 329. Barilius Canarensis, Day, Proc, Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 374. B. II. D, 2/10, P. 15, V. 9, A. =, 0. 21, L. 1. 38, L. tr. 9/4. Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/9, height of body 1/4 of the total length.— Eyes : diameter 1/4 of length of head, more than 1 diameter from end of snout. This species is very similar to the B. gatensis, C. and V., differ- ing however in a few points: less rays in the dorsal fin, the lower caudal lobe decidedly the longer; the dorsal fin commences midway between the snout and the base of the caudal; the lower jaw the wider, the maxillary extends to below the anterior margin of the orbit. No barbels.—Lateral line : 25 rows between it and the base of the ventral fin—Colowrs : greenish above, golden on the sides, a double row of large green spots along the body as far as to above the base of the anal fin where they become confluent. Fins grey, with broad white margins. Hab.—Canara on the Western coast ; attaining 6 inches in length. 2 10 EF. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprimde. [No. 1, 14. BarinIvus GATENSIS. Leuciscus gatensis, Cuy. and Val., xvii, p. 309, pl. 503. Opsarius gatensis, *Bleeker, Pro. Cyp., p. 288. 3 Malabaricus, *Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8. 1849, p. 328. j Barilius gatensis, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 291; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 373. Barilius rugosus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 294; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 291. Aart-candee, Tam. “ River carp.” Ble | PSs" P15, VO = C. 1S) Le On liens 8 12—13 Length of head nearly 1/4, of caudal a little above 1/6, height of body 1/4, of dorsal 1/8 of the total length.— yes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, 14 diameters apart. Cleft of mouth extend- ing to below the centre of the orbit. The third suborbital bone is about three times as broad as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. ‘The anterior portion of the snout and the sides of the jaws covered with large glands ; a few more likewise on the lower jaw. No barbels.—Zéeth : pharyngeal, crooked, pointed, 5,4, 2/2, 4,5.—Fins : dorsal commences midway between the end of the snout and the middle of the caudal fin, extending to above the third anal ray. Caudal moderately lobed, the lower very slightly the longer.—Lateral line: 2 rows of scales between it and the base of the ven- tral fin——Colours : silvery grey with about 15 vertical bars descending from the back. Dorsal and anal with dark bases and light margins. The females and young generally have smooth scales, whereas most of the adult males have one or more rough spots on each. Hab.—Western Ghats and Neilgherry hills, attaining 6 inches in length. 15. Bartcrus TILE0. Cyprinus tileo, Ham. Buch., Fish. Gang. pp. 276, 385: *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 426. Opsarius maculatus, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 297, 417, pl. 47, f. 4. Bs brachialis, McClell., loc, cit. pp. 297, 418, pl. 48, fig. 6; *Cuy. and Val. xvi, p. 471. Barilius tileo, Steind., Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867, lvi; Gimther, Catal. vii, p- 287. Tilei, Asam. 2. 00, ID, iG, 12 WB, eo, A a ©. 19, L. 1. 70, L. tr. 14/5. Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/11, height of body 2/7 of the total length. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to below the anterior margin of the orbit. The third suborbital bone is more than twice as broad as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. No barbels.—Colowrs : two rows of greenish blue spots along the sides. Hab.—Bengal and Asim ; attaining 8 inches in length. 1872.] EF. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinidae. a. 16. Barrivs PAPILLATUS. Day, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1869, p. 378. eee Dye, Els v9, AC. 2, t . 89, WV. tr. a. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/7, of dorsal fin 2/11, of the total length.—Hyes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of snout. Third suborbital bone thrice as deep as the uncovered por- tionof the cheek below. Humeral process rather narrow. The posterior extre- mity of the maxilla reaches to below the anterior margin of orbit. No bar- bels— Fins : dorsaleommences midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal, its last ray is thickened and reaches the caudal when laid flat. ‘The inner rays of the ventral are likewise thickened. Cau- dal with rounded lobes.—Scales, with a few elevated spots on each.—Lateral line : 34 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin.—Colowrs : yellowish, the back grey, and from seven to nine broad and deep blue bands from the back to the abdominal profile. Dorsal fin stained grey in its upper third and caudal in its last third. Hab.—Cossye river ; attaining 3 inches in length. A variety exists in the Mahanuddi with the eye somewhat smaller, and the opercle narrower, but in other respects it agrees with the typical form. Also found at Birbhum in Bengal, where it is tolerably abundant in the Mora river. 17. Bartirus Bota. PI. I, Fig. 3. Cyprinus bola, Ham. Buch., Fish. Gang., pp. 274, 385; *Cuy. and Val., xvi, p. 423. Fr goha, Ham. Buch., loc. cit. pp. 275,385: Gray and Hard. (from H. B. MSS.) ; *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 424. Opsarius gracilis, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 297, 419, pl. 47, fig. 1. op megastomus, McClell., loc. cit., pp. 298, 420, pl. 48, fig. 5. Leuciscus salmoides, Blyth, J. A. S. of B. 1858, p. 289. Barilius gona, Steind., Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867, lvi. Bola goha, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 293. Opsarius goha, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 379. Bugguah, Uriah. Korang, Asim. Bola, Beng. Buggarah, Hind. Ee Des P18, ¥-9,A. - C. 19, L. 1. 88, L. tr. —— Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/11, height of body nearly 1/5, of dor- sal fin 1/8 of the total length.— Hyes : diameter 1/5 to 1/6 of length of head, 14 diameters from end of snout, and apart. Dorsal profile rather more con- vex than the abdominal. Head compressed, snout pointed, a well developed knob on symphysis of the lower jaw. Suborbital ring of bones wide, especially the third which is wider than the opercle. Mouth deeply cleft, the posterior extremity of the maxilla extending nearly one diameter of the 12 EF. Day—Jonograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 1, orbit behind the posterior margin of the eye. No barbels—Wins: dorsal commences midway between the origin of the ventral and anal fins, its last ray being over the first of the anal. Caudal lobed, the lower lobe slightly the longer.—Colowrs : silvery with two or more vertical rows of bluish blotches along the sides, the upper bemg about twelve to fifteen, and the lower inter- mediate ; some spots also on the head. Lower half of the dorsal fin shghtly grey. Caudal orange, stamed with grey and black. Pectoral, ventral, and anal orange, the colours being somewhat similar to those of a trout; it often goes by that name amongst Europeans. Hab.—Orissa, Bengal, N. W. Provinces and Asém, attaming a foot in length. 18. BariLius GuTTatvs. Opsarius guttatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 620. B.A. D277, Polos VO, ANSTO) 17) a 4a es teag/oe Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/11, of dorsal fin 2/13 of the total length.—Hyes: diameter nearly 1/5 of length of head, 1; diameters from end of snout and apart. Cleft of mouth deep, extending nearly one diameter behind the orbit. A well developed knob above sym- physis of lower jaw. Suborbitals very broad, more especially the last which is nearly behind the vertical from the posterior margin of the orbit. No barbels.— Fins : dorsal commences midway between the posterior extremity of the orbit and the base of the caudal, being opposite the interspace between the ventral and anal fins. Caudal forked, lower lobe slightly the longer— Colowrs: silvery, shot with purple, two rows of blue spots along the side. Lower caudal lobe orange, its upper lobe with a dark edging. Hab.—Trawadi from Prome to Mandalay ; attaining 7 inches in length. 19. BaRrinius INTERRUPTUS. Bavilius interruptus, Day, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 559. 1 EER 1D, 7 2 Os OOO TO The BA. TO. Se Z . uo Length of head 2/9, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/7, of dorsal fin 2/11 of the total length Hyes: diameter 2/5 of length of head, rather more than 1/2 a diameter from end of snout, and 1 diameter apart. Lower jaw slightly the longer. Third suborbital bone about twice as wide as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to below the anterior third of the orbit. Humeral process very slightly developed. No barbels.— Teeth : pharyngeal, uncinate, 5, 4, 2/2 4, 5.—Hins: dorsal commences in advance of the anal, and midway between the posterior margin of the opercle, and the base of the caudal fin, which latter is forked in its posterior three-fourths.—LZateral line: descends 1872. | EF. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 13 gently for five scales, then more abruptly for two more, and having been continued along five more scales to above the ventral fin, it ceases.—Colours : silvery, with short vertical bars along the middle of the side. The upper seales with black spots. Hab.—Hotha, whence Dr. J. Anderson brought many specimens mea- suring up to 2 inches in length, having collected them when attached to the Yunan expedition. 20. BARILIUS BARNA. Cyprinus barna, Ham. Buch., Fish., Ganges, pp. 268, 384; *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 419. Opsarius fasciatus, Me.CleU., Ind. Cyp., pp. 269, 417, pl. 48, fig. 9. a latipinnatus et acanthopterus, McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 298, 422,+ pl. 48, fig. 7; *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 472. Barilius barna, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 290; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 378. Bahri, Uriah. Baliswndree, Asimese. Be Wel D. = ,P.18, Te OA = OL IG), Th, 2D, Ti, Ge. = Length uf head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/7, of dorsal fin 1/6 of the total length—Ayes : diameter 2/5 of length of head, 2/3 of a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Third suborbital bone twice as broad as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Humeral process slightly developed. The posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to beneath the anterior third of the orbit.—Hins: the dorsal commences rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, its posterior rays, when laid flat, merely reach half way to the base of the caudal fin—Lateral line : 2+ rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin——Oolours : nine bluish black vertical bands on the body. Dorsal and caudal fins tipped with black. Hab.—Orissa, Bengal, Asim, attaining 4 inches or more in length. A variety exists in the Mahanuddi river, which has the dorsal fin more elevated, the eye slightly larger, and the cleft of the mouth a little greater. 21. BaRInIUS BORELIO. Cyprinus borelio, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 336, 392; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p 443. *5 solio, Ham. Buch., loc. cit. pp. 337, 392; *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 444. Boreli and Soli, Beng. Pele D7 PS, V9, 1A. 2/9, C. 1851. 1. 39, 1. tr. 7/7. Length of head nearly 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length Hyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of + McClelland in his errata directs O. latipinnatus to be substituted at p, 422 for O. acanthopterus. 14 EF. Day—Lonograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 1, snout. Suborbital ring of bones broad, the third nearly covering the cheek. The posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to below the anterior third of the orbit. No barbels. — Fins : dorsal arises midway between the eye and the base of the caudal, its anterior rays as long as the head without the snout, the posterior rays extend half way to the caudal fin which is lobed.—Scales : 2+ rows between the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin.—Colowrs : silvery, above tinged with green, lighter below ; fins yellowish, the upper half of the dorsal stained greyish. LHyes silvery. Hab.—Gangetic provinces ; attaining 4 inches in length. The Solio is said to differ in its abdomen not being yellow, and having a scale-like appendant above both pectorals and ventrals. 22.* BARILIUS HOALIUS. Cyprinus hoalius, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 336, 392; *Cuy. and Val., xvi, p. 442. Hayali, Beng. B. III. D.9, V. 9, A. 10. “ Form much compressed, straightish above and prominent below. * % * The head is small, the jaws equal in length, « « « the lateral line is bent parallel to the edge of the belly.’—Fims : “ The fin of the tail is divided into two lobes.” —Colours : green above, silvery below. Hab.—Rivers in Northern Bengal ; attaining six inches in length. Genus. Danio, Ham. Buch. sp. (see Pl. 1.) Perilampus sp., McClelland, Paradonio et Devario, Bleeker. Body compressed, abdomen rounded. Pseudobranchie present. Mouth narrow, directed obliquely upwards. Suborbitals broad. Barbels four, or two, or none. Pharyngeal teeth hooked, 5, 3, 2/2, 3,5. Dorsal fin moder- ately elongated, its posterior rays being opposite the anal which is long. Scales of moderate size. Lateral line eoncave, passing to the lower half of the tail. Guill rakers short. Geographical distribution —These prettily marked little fish are found throughout India, Burma, and Ceylon. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Domio devario, D. ao iN, ao L. 1, 41. No barbels. Orissa, Bengal, Asim. 2, » spinosus, D. = A. -, L. 1. 52. No barbels, ora short rostral pair, One or two spines on the margin of the orbit. Pegu. Z A 3 L. 1. 34—40. Rostral barbels. South Malabar. 3. 5 auvrolineatus, D. 7p?» 45? 1872.] EF. Day—WMonograph of Indian Cyprinide. 15 4. » Uneolatus, D. , chrysops, D. 13, A. 20. No barbels. Bengal. Ue 5, Neilgherriensis, D. A, a L. 1. 35. Rostral and sometimes eae O07 ~~ i maxillary barbels. Neilgherry Hills, Madras. 8. 3 osteographus, D. 2/11, A. = L. 1. 35—37. Rostral and usually maxillary barbels. India and Ceylon. 2 » equipinnatus, D. 13, A, 13, L. 1. 32. 1. DaNto DEVARIO. Cyprinus devario, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 341, 393, pl. 6, ne 94; *Cuy. and Val., xvi, p. 446. Perilamypus devario, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 288, 391, pl. Ad, fig, 2 Devario Macclellandi, *Bleeker, Proc. Cyp. p. 283. Danio devario, *Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 284; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 377. Bonkuaso, ae Debari, Beng. Bs =D: Besta, 1.1/5: Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/4, height of body 1/3, of dorsal fin 1/5 of the total length—Hyes: diameters 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, 12 diameters apart. Posterior extremity of maxilla extends to beneath the anterior margin of the orbit ; lower jaw the longer. Third suborbital bone broad. No barbels.— Fins : dorsal commences slightly anteriorly to the anal, and midway between the anterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal. In some specimens from Asam the anal had 19 rays. In a few from the Garo Hills there are D. 2/17, A 2/17.— Caudal linated.— Lateral line : 24 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin.—Colowrs : greenish superiorly,silvery white inferiorly. The anterior part of the body is reticulated in its centre by steel-blue lines, divided from one another by narrow yellow bands. Three bluish lines are contimued to- wards the caudal fin, where the two lower amalgamate, and passing up- wards become lost on the superior half of the caudal fin. Hab.—Orissa, Bengal, N. W. Provinces and Asam; attaming 4 inches in length. ee a azy 2. DANIO SPINOSUS. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 621. Wt. Oy a 1, 1 We YB = C. 19, L. 1. 52, L. tr. 15/4. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/3 of the total length.— yes : diameter 2,7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of 16 EF. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 1, snout and apart. Body strongly compressed: a slight concavity over the occiput. Lower jaw prominent, having a strong hook fitting into an emar- gination in the upper jaw when the mouth is closed. In adults there is a sharp spine directed forwards above the anterior superior margin of the orbit, and a second broader and blunter before the centre of the anterior orbital margin. In immature examples these spines are equally sharp. No bar- bels.— Fins : the dorsal commences midway between the posterior extremity of the orbit and the base of the caudal, its first five or six rays are in advance of the anal. Caudal lunate.—JZateral line: 34 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin—Colowrs : silvery, with an ill- defined lateral band, and some vertical yellow limes in the anterior half of the body. Dorsal and anal greyish, with reddish margins anteriorly. In the immature there is a dark humeral spot, and a steel-blue lateral band goes to the centre of the caudal fin, which has a scarlet stripe along the last half of its centre. Hab.—Pegu ; attaining four inches in length. 3. Danio avroxineatus, Pl. I, Fig. 1. Perilampus aurolineatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 306. 0 aradanio, Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 219, pl. xvii, fig. 2. Danio malabaricus, Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 283 (not Jerdon). B. III. D. 2/12, P. 14, V. 7, A. 3/15, L. 1. 8440, L. tr. 8/4. Length of head nearly 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/3, of dorsal fin 1/7 of the total length —Hyes: diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Lower jaw anterior, © having a distinct knob at its extremity. Rostral barbels present, half as long as the eye—Zveth : pharyngeal, curved, pointed 5, 4, 1/1, 4, 5—Fins : dorsal commences nearer the snout than the posterior extremity of the caudal fin, and opposite the anal. Colowrs : three or four steel-blue lines pass along the body. Hab.—South Malabar, attaining 3 inches in length. 4. DANIO LINEOLATUS. Leuciscus lineolatus, Blyth, J. A. 8. of Bengal, 1858, p. 289. Perilampus affinis, Blyth, loc. cit. 1860, p. 163. Danio Vineolatus, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 282. ice OUE be syAl Oy Nee lay Nye fey ey yO NG) 10 IG SS Ib. ne, 5/3). Length of head 1/4, height of body 1/4 of the total length—Ayes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Barbels well developed, the rostral ones being nearly as long as the eye, and the maxillary one-third shorter.—Colowrs: a dusky spot behind the gill covers. 1872. ] EF. Day—Wonograph of Indian Cyprinide. 17 Three straight bluish bands, divided from one sunpalnet by yellow ones, pass along the sides to the tail. Hab.—Sikkim and Tenasserim provinces. Mr. Blyth gives D. 12, A. 14, for D. lineolatus, and D. 13, A. 16, for D. affinis : as, however, I find those numbers in the former, as does also Dr. Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 282, I have considered that some error must have occurred. 5. DanrIoO DANGILA. Cyprinus dangila, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 321, 390; *Cuv. and Val. xvia p. 403. Perilampus reticulatus, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 290, 397, pl. 45, fig. 1, (from H. B’s MSS-) Danio dangila, ee Atl. Ich. p. 29; *Gtinther, Catal., vii, p. 282. Length of a ue of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/7 of the total length.—Hyes: diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout. Lower jaw the longer, with a distinct knob at symphysis, mouth oblique. MRostral barbels a little shorter than the head; maxillary pair shghtly longer.— ims: the posterior dorsal rays are above the anterior ones of the anal. Caudal slightly emarginate-——Colowrs : back olive colour, abdomen silvery, sides with several narrow blue lines which in the ante- rior half, or two-thirds, of the body form a beautiful network ; a dark spot behind gill covers. Anal fin with two or three blue stripes. Hab.—Bengal and Bihar; grows to 5 or 6 inches in length. Dazrjil- ing. 6.* DANIO CHRYSOPS. Leuciscus chrysops, *Cuy. and Val., xvii, p. 3808. B. III. D. 18, A. 20, C. 19, L. 1. 45. Length of head 1/5, of body 3/11 of the total length.— Hyes : diameter 2/5 of length of head. Snout obtuse, upper jaw the longer.—fins: dorsal and anal pointed ; caudal slightly forked.—Lateral line curves downwards in the pectoral region.—Colowrs silvery. Hab.—Bengal, size of recorded specimen 3 inches and 9 lines. 7. Danio NEImGHERRIENSIS. Paradenio Nilgherriensis, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p, 296. Danio Nilgherriensis, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 283. Cowlie, Tamil. Be. TIT D0 Fe 1 V9 A eee 1on le 35, a Vert, 20 Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/9, height of body 1/4, of dorsal fin 1/8 of the total length— yes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, 2/3 of a 3 18 F. Day—Wonograph of Indian Cyprinde. [No. 1, diameter from end of snout, 14 diameters apart. Abdominal profile more convex than the dorsal one. Lower jaw anterior, with a sight knob at its extremity ; a pair of short rostral barbels, and sometimes rudimentary maxil- lary ones.— Teeth : pharyngeal, crooked, pointed, 5, 4, 2/2,4, 5.—ins : dorsal commences midway between the end of the snout and the middle of the caudal fin, it extends to above the fourth or fifth anal ray. Caudal emarginate in its last fourth —Lateral line : carves downwards in the pectoral region.— Colours : back greenish, sides silvery, with a purplish tinge along the abdomen; a badly marked broad, steel-blue stripe, extending from behind the eye to the caudal fin and bounded above and below by a narrow yellow edging. Hab.—Rivers on Neilgherry Hills ; attainimg 33 inches in length. 8. Danio OSTEOGRAPHUS. Perilampus osteographus, McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 289, 392, pl. 45, fig. 3, (erroneously numbered, pl. 56, fig. 9,) *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 468. ? Chela alburna, Heckel, Fische Kaschmir, p. 390, c. fig. Perilampus Malabaricus, Jerdon, M. J. L. & 8. 1849, p. 325, (Male). 5 Canarensis, Jerdon, |. c. p. 325, (Female). ES Mysoricus, Jerdon, |. c. p. 325. ? Danio albwrnus, *Gtinther, Catal. vii, p. 283. » micronema, Bleeker, Mem. Soc. Holl. Haarlem, 1864, Ceylon, p. 19, t. 4, fig, 2; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 282; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 560; 1870, p. 374. », Uneolatus, Bleeker, 1. c. p. 19, fig. 3. Devario cyanotenia, *Bleeker, Prod. Cyp. p. 283. Paradanio awrolineatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 296. 1ey UNE, De yA es Ilse Mey et, = C. 19, L. 1. 85—87, L. tr. 73/3. Length of head 2/11, of caudal 2/11, height of body 2/7, of dorsal fin 1/8 of the total length.— yes : diameter 1/5 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Rostral barbels half as long as the orbit, maxillary ones very short. In some specimens the latter are entirely absent.—Colowrs : back steel-blue ; some irregular vertical yellow lines on the fore-part of the body, and three or four blue bands along the sides, the central ones coalescing, so as to form a broad bluish band down to the middle of the caudal fin. Hab.—India and Ceylon ; attaining 6 inches in length. 9. Danio HQUIPINNATUS. Perilampus equipimnatus, McClelland, Ind. Cyp. p. 393, pl. 60, f. 1. Pteropsarion equipimmnatus, *Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 285. 2 2 fos a Ui JOR AE AD} ae? PEST PWC i Sean say C. 19, L. 1, 32-34, L. tr. at Length of head 1/5, of caudal nearly 1/5, height of body 1/4 of the total length.—_Hyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. ostral barbels extend to the middle of the orbit, the maxillary ones 1872.] F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 19 minute. Cleft of mouth oblique and extending to under the anterior mar- gin of the orbit, a bluntish knob at the symphysis. Tongue thick and trans- versely corrugated. In large specimens, the posterior 2/3 of the inferior surface of the lower jaw is dilated, so that they nearly meet at the anterior extremity of the enlarged portion ; a row of well-developed glands along the margin of the mandible.— ims : the dorsal arises midway between the centre of the orbit and the base of the tail, extending to over the anterior anal rays, it is 2/3 as high as the body. Pectoral as long as head without the snout, reaching the ventral which last does not extend as far as the anal. Caudal forked.—Colowrs : several horizontal blue bars, the largest along the middle line of the body and continued on to the tail. Hab.—Base of Garo Hills. B. A PORTION OR THE WHOLE OF THE ABDOMINAL EDGE TRENCHANT. a. Dorsal fin opposite the anal, which latter is elongated (9 to 21 branched rays.) Genus Prertmampus, MeClelland. Paradanio, sp. Day. Cachius et Eustira, Giinther. Pseudobranchie present. Body oblong, compressed, with a cutting ab- dominal edge. Mouth obliquely directed upwards. Barbels absent. Pha- ryngeal teeth m three rows 5, 4 or 3, 2 or 1/1 or 2,3 or 4,5 uncinate. Dor- sal fin rather short, without any osseous ray, and commencing opposite or behind the origin of the anal, which last has many rays. Scales of moderate size. Lateral line concave, passing to the lower half of the base of the caudal fin. Geographical distribution. Fresh waters of India, Ceylon, and Burma. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Perilampus atpar, D. 2/7, A. 2 ,L.1.55. India generally, and Burma. 19—21 2. i laubuca, D. 2/9, A. a L. 1. 34, Orissa, Bengal, and Burma. 3. s Ceylonensis, D. 2/10, A. = L. 1.35. Ceylon. 1. PERMAMPUS ATPAR. Cyprinus cachius, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges. pp. 258, 384 (young); *Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 453. Cyprinus atpar, Ham. Buch., 1. c. pp. 259, 384, (adult) ; *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 454, Perilampus cuchius, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 289, 396, pl. 46, f. 6. 55 psilopteromus, McClell., 1. c. f. 4, (from H. B. MSS.) 5 macropodus, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S., 1849, p. 325. Paradomio elegans, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 297. Cachins atpar, Giimther, Catal. vii, p. 339. 20 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinidae. [No. I, Bonkuaso, Uriah ; Nga-man-dan, and Ya-paw-nga and Nya-phyin-qyan, Burmese ; Kachhi, Beng. Beil; WD.2/7, Pi 10) Ve15-6, ag tae, La 1.55, Letty Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/4 of the total length.— Hyes : diameter 1/4 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, 13 diameters apart. Body strongly compressed, the abdominal edge being cutting. Cleft of mouth deep, oblique, extending nearly to be- neath the anterior margin of orbit. Lower jaw the longer.—Teeth : pharyn- geal, 5, 4, 1/1, 4,5, crooked, pointed.—#s : dorsal commences opposite the beginning of the second third of the anal. Pectoral elongate. Ventral with an elongated ray extending to the middle of the anal. Caudal forked, lower lobe the longer.— Lateral line: concave.—Colowrs : greenish with a silvery lateral band. : Hab.—Throughout India and Burma; attaining 4 inches in length. 2. PERILAMPUS LAUBUCA. Cyprinus laubuca, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp, 260, 384; *Cuv. and Val, xvi, p. 456. ? » dancena, Ham. Buch., |. cit. pp. 342, 393. Perilampus guttatus, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 289, 394, pl. 45, f. 4 (erroneously marked pl. lvi, f. 10, from H. B.’s MSS.) ? » perseus, McClell., 1. c. pp. 289, 395, pl. 46, f.5; *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p- 469. Leuciscus lawbuca, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen, xxv, Beng. and Hind. p. 138. Chela laubuca, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 335. Perilampus laubuca, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, pp. 380, 614. a fulvescens, Blyth, J. A. S. of B. 1860, p. 163; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 559. Bankoe, Uriah; Nga-me-loung, Burmese; Layubuka and Dankena, - Beng. ; Dannahrah, Hind. B. Ii. D. 2/9, P. 18, V. 7, A. a =p O- 19, L. 1. 84, L. tr. 7/5. Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/5, height of dorsal 1/8, of pectoral 1/3, of body 1/4 of the total length.— Hyes ; high up, diameter 1/3 of length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of snout, 1; diameters apart. Body strongly compressed with the abdominal edge cutting from the pectoral to the anal fin — Teeth : pharyngeal, 5, 4, 1/1, 4, 5— Fins : dorsal arises shghtly posterior to the origin of the anal. Caudal deeply forked. Pectoral reach- ing anal.—Lateral line : curved downwards, 35 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin.—Colouwrs : silvery with some golden vertical stripes during life. Fine dots over the body, and a black mark, shot with green, above the base of the pectoral fin, and another at the base of the caudal, in which the last third of the lobes is, in Burmese specimens, tipped with black. Hab.— Orissa, Bengal and Burma; attaining 3 inches in length. 1872.] EF. Day—WMonograph of Indian Cyprinide. aE 3. PrriLamMPus CEYLONENSIS. Eustira Ceylonensis, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 331. Bethe De2/10,P 17, Vi 7, A. = , ©, 19, L. 1. 85, 1. tr. 74/2. Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/4, height of body 1/4 of the total lenoth—Hyes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout. Posterior extremity of maxilla extends to below the anterior mar- gin of the orbit ; lower jaw the longer.— Avs : origin of dorsal opposite com- mencement of anal. Pectoral reaching the ventral. Colowrs : uniform silvery. Hab.—Ceylon. The specimens in the British Museum are nearly 2 inches in length. Genus. Curta, Ham. Buch. (Pl. 1.) Oxygaster, v. Hass. Leuciscus, sp. Cuy. and Val. Laubuca, Macrochirichthys, et Paralaubuca, Bleeker. Body rather elongate and compressed ; abdominal edge cutting. Pseu- dobranchie present. Mouth directed somewhat upwards, with the lower jaw prominent, and generally with a knob above the symphysis. Barbels absent. Pharyngeal teeth hooked and slender, in two or three rows. Dorsal fin short, without any osseous ray, situated principally or entirely opposite the anat which latter has an elongated base; pectorals long; caudal forked. Scales of moderate or small size. Lateral line concave. Dr. Ginther suggests the following sub-genera. a. 'The trenchant thoracic edge anterior to the pectoral supported by the dilated bones of the forearm. OXYGASTER. a. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows. Oxygaster. Se — URI) gp Macrochirichthys. b. The thoracic edge a0 supported by the dilated bones of the fore- arm. SECURICULA. Geographical distribution: India, Burma and extending almost through- out Asia. Generally termed Vellache-candece in Tamil; Bay-ree-sae,, and Baarsee, Tel.; Bownce-putti, Uriah; Took, Panjab. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Chela Sladoni, D. 2/8, A. ce: L. 1. 68, L. tr. 10/8. Burma. 2—3 65 , . » argentea, D. ame A. i ase L. 1. 48—45, L. tr. = Southern India. 3. » bacaila, D. 2/7, A. =— > L. 1.110. Bengal, Sc. 4, » novacula, D. 9, A. 17, L. ae L. tr. 15/3. India,’ 5. » flavipimis, D. 2/7, A. G i Te L. 1. 65, L. tr. 9/5. Southern Indic, untrahi, D, 2/7, A. 3/17, L. 1. 52, L. tr. 7/5. Orissa, 22 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinde. [No. 1, le » plulo, D. 2/7, A. 3/17, L. 1, 87, L. tr. 12/6. Bengal, Orissa, Fe. 8. », Sardinella, D. ee . 2/19, L. 1, 48, L. tr. a, Burma. #9, ,, Panjdbensis, D. ZA. 4, L. 1, ea. 110, L. tr. 12/9. Panjab. 10. 5, alkootee, D. 10, AL 10. Dekhan. *11,. » jorah, D. 10, A, 11. Dekhan. 12. », teekamee, D. 10, A. 14. Dekhan. 18. » gord, D. 3/7, A. 2/18, L. s 140—160. Bengal, Orissa, Sc. 135 : 2 ; 14. 5, clupeoides, D. gap As a= pag U: 1. 80, L tr. E Southern India, 1. CHELA SLADONI. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 622. 18}, JOU Dy ish Je, hs AW ee, yA) OL alls JD, Ib oish Wy tase 10s Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/4 of the total length.—Hyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout. Edge of thorax rounded; the serrated abdominal margin com- mences opposite the base of the pectoral fin. Posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to beneath the anterior third of the orbit. Suborbital ring of bones is half as deep as the diameter of the orbit.—Zeeth : pharyngeal, crooked 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5—Fims: dorsal commences opposite the anal; lower caudal lobe the longer.—Colowrs : silvery, caudal black edged. Hab.—Irrawaddi in Burma, extending northwards as far as Mandalay. 2. CHELA ARGENTEA. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 301; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 334. ? Pelecus diffusus, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, p. 327. ? Chela diffusa, *Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 334. Wellachee-candee, Tam. “The oe carp.” — Beha SDS aa PS Va wAG a a C. 19, L. 1. 48—45, L. tr. 63/8. Length of head nearly 1/5, of pectoral rather above 1/5, of caudal a little more than 1/5, height of body above 1/5, of dorsal fin nearly 1/9 of the total length.—Hyes : diameter not quite 1/3 of length of head, nearly 1 diameter apart and from end of snout. Cleft of mouth extending to below the anterior third of the orbit, a knob at the end of the lower jaw. Suborbi- tal ring of bones broad and covering the cheek, the third being as wide as the preorbital. The median edge in front of the pectoral fins is not supported by the dilated bones of the fore-arm. Thorax without a sharp edge.—Fins : dorsal situated in the posterior third of the distance between the snout and the base of the caudal fin, extending to over the commencement of the anal. Dorsal and anal highest anteriorly. Caudal deeply lobed.—Zateral line: descends gently in the first twelve scales, finally attaining the centre of the 1872.] F. Day—Honograph of Indian Cyprinide. 23 eaudal.— Teeth : pharyngeal, curved, pointed, 5, 3, 2/2, 8,5. Colowrs, silvery with a lateral band which fades after death. Hab.—Bowany river at the base of the Neilgherries, attaining 6 inches in length. Dr. Jerdon gives about 50 scales in C. diffusa, alone thé side, and observes that his species is found in the Cauvery and all its tributaries. I did not obtain it in the lower portions of the Cauvery, but C. argentea was likewise absent, and I suspect the two are identical. 3. CHELA BACAIDA. Cyprinus bacaila, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 265, 384, pl. 8, fig. 76; *Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 460. Opsmrius bacaila, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 295, 414. a leucerus, McClell., loc. cit. pp. 295, 415, pl. 47, fig. 3; *Cuy. and Val., xvi, p. 470. Leuciscus bacaila, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxv, Beng. and Hind. p. 137. $5 cultellus, Cuy. and Val., xvii, p. 341, pl. 507. Felecus cultellus, Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8. 1849, p. 326. Chela bacaila, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 332; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 382. Sills ete, OUellaye, Teta ee pihe D272) 18) V9) Al z 7 O- 19, L. 1. 110. Length of head 1/6, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/11 of the total length—Hyes : snout slightly longer than the eye. Bones of the fore-arm not dilated, and not supporting the abdominal edge anterior to the pectoral fin. Suborbital rmg of bones broad, nearly covering the cheek.—Teeth : pharyngeal 5, 4 or 3, 2/2, 3 or 4, 5.— Fins : first anal ray is below the middle of the dorsal fin.—Scales : extend forwards on the head to nearly opposite the posterior margin of the orbit—Colowrs : uniform silvery. Hab.—Throughout India except Malabar. It may exist according to Dr. Ginther in Moulmein, but I could not find it there. It attains six inches in length. 4, *CHELA NOVACULA. Leuciscus novacula, Val. in Jacq. Voy. Ind., pl. 15, fig. 2; Cuv. and Val. xvi; p. 345. Chela novacula, *Guinther, Catal. vii, p. 334. eB Do VAL, 21 GO; Li. tr. 15/3. Length of head 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length—Eyes: large.— Teeth : pharyngeal—5, 4, 3/3, 4, 5—Fins ; dorsal above the anterior anal rays ; the pectorals nearly reach the ventrals.—Colowrs : silvery. Hab.—India. 24 FE. Day—WMonograph of Indian Cyprinde. [No. 1, 5. CHELA FLAVIPINNIS. ® Leuciscus scwpellus, Cuy. and Val. xvii, p. 347. Pelecus flavipinnis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8. 1849, p. 327. Chela flavipinnis, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 382. ie) Ice Length of head i“) of ae Hh caudal 2/11, ane op body 1/5, of dorsal fin 1/12 of the total length.— yes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, 2/3 of a diameter apart. Cleft of mouth oblique, knob on symphysis well developed. Suborbital rmg of bones half the width of the diameter of the orbit, and nearly covering the cheek ; five small crenulations along the lower preopercular margin.— Teeth : pharyngeal, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5.— Fins : dorsal situated over the anterior anal rays ; caudal lobed, the lower lobe the longer.— Gill rakers : short. The bones of the fore-arm do not support the thoracic edge.—Lateral lime: continuous, eventually attaming the centre of the caudal fin—Colouwrs: silvery ; fins tipped with orange. Hab.—Cauvery and Coleroon rivers in Madras Presidency. 6. CHELA UNTRAHT. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 381. Ontrahi, Uriah. By Te 2/75 Pols, Verl, Andie Cn Mime 2 lieabiaay oe Length of head 1/6, of pectoral 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5, of dorsal 1/9 of the total leneth.— Eyes : upper margin near the profile, diameter 1/3 of length of head, 2/3 of a diameter from end of snout, nearly 1 diameter apart. Dorsal profile nearly horizontal ; abdominal profile with a cutting edge from opposite the base of the pectoral fm. Mouth very oblique, knob on symphysis minute. Lower jaw in advance of the upper, the maxilla extending to below the anterior margin of the orbit. Suborbital ring of bones moderately wide.—Fims : pectorals reaching ventrals, and a dilated humeral supports a smooth thoracic edge. Dorsal arises midway between - the posterior margin of the orbit and the posterior extremity of the caudal fin, and situated over the anterior anal rays. Caudal lobed, the lower lobe the longer.—Scales : deciduous, extending forwards on the nape to opposite the posterior margin of the orbit.—Lateral line : curves downwards, 1 row of scales between it and base of ventral fin; it ceases a few scales anterior to the caudal fin.—Colowrs, silvery. Hab—Mahanadi river ; attaiming five inches in length. 7. CHELA PHULO, Cyprinus phulo, Ham, Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 262, 384; *Cuy. and Val. xvi, p. 457. 1872.] F. Day—Wonograph of Indian Cyprinidae. 25 Opsarius albulus, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 296, 416, pl. 48, fig. 10. Chela Owenii, Sykes, Trans, Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 361, pl. 63, fig. 1. Pelecus Owenii, *Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8. 1849, p. 328. Chela phulo, *Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 334; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 381. Phul chela, Beng. Dunnahree, Hind. Took, Panj. Bele A2/7,.P, 18, V. 9. A. S Crm sl) 187. eo 12/6. Length of head 2/11, of pectoral 1/5, of caudal above 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length.—Hyes : diameter 2/5 of length of head, 1/2 a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Abdominal profile cutting posteriorly to the base of the pectoral fin. Third suborbital bone two-thirds as deep as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. ‘The maxilla extends to under the hinder margin of the orbit— ins : dorsal commences midway between the posterior extremity of the orbit and the posterior extremity of the caudal fin, and slightly behind the origin of the anal. Caudal deeply forked, lower lobe the longer.—Lateral line: curves gently downwards.—Colowrs : silvery, with a bright silvery lateral band. Hab.— Bengal, Orissa and Central India as far southwards as the Tam- boodra and Kistna rivers ; attaining 4 inches in length. 8. CHELA SARDINELLA. Leuciscus sardinella, Cuv. and Val., xvii, p. 344. Chela sardinella, *Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 338. ese | 2/7, B18, Wa 8, Ne De 48, te a Length of head 1/6, of pectoral 1/6, of caudal above 1/6, height of body 2/9 of the total length.—_Hyes : diameter 2/7 of length of head; 1 dia- meter from end of snout; nearly 1 diameter apart. The bones of the fore- arm are not dilated and do not support the thoracic edge which is smooth, the keeled portion commencing opposite the pectoral fin. Suborbital ring of bones broad.— Teeth : pharyngeal, 5,4, 3/3, 4, 5.—Fins : dorsal commences above the anterior anal rays.—Colowrs, silvery. Hab.—Irawati river at Rangoon ; to 6 inches in length. 9. CHELA PANJABENSIS. Took, Panj. Bet D. 2/7,P. 11, V. 6, A. =, C. 19, 1.1. ca. 110, L. tr. 12/9: Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/6, height of body 2/9 of the total length. —yes : diameter 2/5 of length of head ; 1/2 a diameter from end of snout. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to nearly beneath the anterior margin of the orbit. Lower jaw the longer. The suborbital ring of bones is broad, and the third three times as deep as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. Dorsal profile nearly horizontal; abdominal edge cutting A. 26 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinde. [No. }, from opposite the base of the pectoral fin——Hins : dorsal arises midway be- tween the posterior margin of the opercle, and the posterior extremity of the lobes of the caudal. Pectoral longer than the head, but does not quite reach the base of the ventral, which last fin only extends half the distance to the anal. Lower lobe of caudal the longer.—Scales: moderately deciduous, they extend forwards to opposite the suborbital rmg of bones ; there is a slight elevation along the centre of each ; 54 rows between the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin.— Colowrs : silvery with a burnished silvery band along the side. Hab.—LULahore, inthe Ravi river. In appearance it is very similar to the C. phulo, H. B. 10. *CHELA ALKOOTEE. Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 362. TE MEME ID, WO ee WO Ne tea 107, “ Sides slightly compressed ; the back and belly rounded ; back straight.” —Fins : “ lobes of the tail sharp, lowest the longest.” —WScales : “ excessively minute.” —Lateral line : “ quite straight.” —Colowrs : “the gill covers quite smooth, and of a polished silver ; pupils black ; a black circle surrounds the eyes, and there is a patch of faint yellow on the forehead ; all the rest of the fish is of a silver white colour, and the body is semi-diaphanous.” Hab.—Dekhan ; attaining 1 inch in length. 11. *CHELA JORAH. Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soe. ii, p. 361. BA DSO sPe 2 Vie Seale ahs “ A somewhat compressed fish; straightish back, convex belly.”—Oo- lours : “ back dark, with a purplish shade, softening into silver down the sides and abdomen.” Hab.— Found abundantly in the Beema river, near Pairgaon.” 12. *CHELA TEEKANEE. Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, 1841, p. 362. Bi Lily DAO Pl 20V. OVA AS C38: “ A compressed fish ; back very slightly arched ; snout nearly in a con- “ovation of the same line ; body deep ; belly convex.”—Fims : “ dorsal situat- 20 ‘ar back.”—Colowrs : “on the back light reddish brown, softenmg mto pais 199) Hab.—Beema river at Pairgaon ; attaining 23 inches in length. 1872.] BF. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 27 13. Cnena gora, Pl. I, Fig. 4. Cyprinus gora, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 263, 384; *Cuv. and Val, xvi, p. 458. Opsarius pholicephalus, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 295, 415, pl. 47, fig. 2 Chela gora, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 332; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 381. Hum-catchari, Uriah. Ghora chela, Beng. Chel-hul, Hind. Bown- chi and Kundul, Panj. Be. 3/7, P15, V..9; A. = , C. 19, L. 1. 140—160, Vert. 46. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/5 of the total length —Hyes : diameter 1/5 of length of head, 15 diameters from end of snout, 1? diameters apart. The bones of the fore-arm do not support the abdominal edge, the keeled portion of the abdominal profile commences pos- terior to the ventral fin. Suborbital ring of bones broader than the diame- ter of the eye, but only covering two-thirds of the cheek.—Teeth : pharyngeal, 5, 3, 1/1, 3, 5— Gail rakers : very short, curved, 8 in the lower branch of the outer bronchial arch——Fins: dorsal commences slightly in advance of the : extend forwards on the head to above the nostrils.—Colours : silvery. Hab.— Bengal, Orissa and Asam ; attaining 8 inches in length. 14. CHELA CLUPECIDES. Cyprinus clupeoides, Bloch, xii, p. 49, t. 408, fig. 2. Clupew cyprinoides, Schn., in Bloch. Syst. Ich. p. 427. Chela balookee, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 360. Leuciscus elupeoides, Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 342. “5 Dussumiert, Cuv. and Val. xvii, pl. 508. P acinaces, Cuy. and Val. xvii, p. 347, pl. 509. 3) Pelecus affinis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, p. 327. Chela clupeoides, *Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 333. Netteli, eek. B. III. Ds Length of at from ae to 1/5, of ee oe of ae 2/11, height of body 2/11, of dorsal fin 1/10 of the total length— Eyes : diameter 1/3 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, 3/4 of a diameter apart. Rather a strong knob on symphysis; opercle as broad as high. Abdominal edge trenchant.— Teeth : pharyngeal, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5.—Fins : dorsal situated in the posterior 2/5 of the body, and very slightly in advance of the anal. Caudal lobed, the lower lobe the longer.—Scales: deciduous and placed in sinuous rows.—Lateral line: at its termination passes upwards to the upper portion of the inferior lobe of the caudal fin.—Colowrs : silvery. Hab.—Madras Presidency, Mysore and the Dekhan ; attaining 6 inches in length, and very good eating. — 28 F. Day—Honograph of Indian Cyprinidae. [No. 1, Il. Sub-Fam. HOMALOPTERINA. Apalopterine, McClell. Pseudobranchie absent. Body elongated and depressed anteriorly, having a broad smooth abdomen. Snout prominent before the mouth, which latter is small, transverse, inferior and central, with fleshy lips. Barbels present. Branchial aperture vertical and narrow. Pharyngeal teeth im a single row, conical. Pectoral and ventral fins horizontal, forming half discs. Body scaled. Aur bladder absent. Geographical distribution —Streams and mountain torrents in the Hills of India, and extending as far as Java and Sumatra. ONLY ONE KNOWN GENUS. Homaloptera, 6 barbels, none on mandibles. 12. Genus. Homanoprera, v. Hass. Balitora, Gray. Platycara, McClelland. Head and anterior part of body depressed ; snout more or less spatu- late. Mouth small, inferior, with two pairs of rostral barbels, and one at either angle of the mouth. Pharyngeal teeth small, from 5 to 16 in one row. Pectoral and ventral fins with many rays, the outer of which are simple. Dorsal short, situated opposite to the ventrals ; anal likewise short. Geographical distribution.—Java and Sumatra, and through some of the hilly districts of the Himalayas to the Wynaad in Madras. Presidency. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Homaloptera Brucei, D. 3/8, A. 2/5, L.1.70. Brown blotched with darker. Wynaad hills in Madras. 2. x maculata, D. 11, A. 2/5, L. 1.78. Butan and Khasi Hills. 5 bilineata, D. 9, A. 6. Horizontal bands, Tenasserim Provinces. 1. Homatoprera Brucet. Balitora Brucet, Gray and Hard., Ind. Zool. ; *McClelland, Ind. Cyp., p. 299, 428, pl. 49, fig. 1. (From Gray and Hard.); *Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 101. Platycura australis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and §., 1849, p. 338. Homaloptera Brucei, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 348; Gtinther, Catal. vii, p. 340. Cal-candee, Tam. “Stone carp.”. BEL De 8 P WON. OYA 82/5, Caan nO Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/7 of the total length.—Hyes : directed upwards and outwards, diameter 1/5 of length of head, 3 diameters from end of snout, 2 diameters apart. Snout broad, depressed ; lips fringed. Rostral barbels short, their length equalling about 1872.] F. Day—Jonograph of Indian Cyprinide. 29 2/3 of the diameter of the orbit, the pair at the angle of the mouth thicker and slightly longer.—Zeeth: pharyngeal, in one row, 5/5.—Fins : dorsal high- est in front, arising midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal. Pectoral nearly reaching the ventral. Caudal lobed in its posterior third.—Seales :_ eycloid.—Lateral line : complete.—Colowrs : dull olive, becoming yellowish beneath. Large brown blotches on the body. Dorsal fin with three rows of dull spots; pectoral and ventral with three or four, anal with two, caudal with three irregular bands, and black tips. Hab.—Wynaad ; 8 specimens taken up to 33 inches in length. 2. HOMALOPTERA MACULATA. Balitora maculata, Gray and Hard., Ind. Zool.; *Cuv. and Val. xviii, p 102. Platycara maculata, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 299, 427, pl. 49, fig. 2. (From Gray and Hard.) = anisura, McClell., Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist. ii, p. 587, pl. 16, fig. 1. Homaloptera maculata, Ginther, Catal. vii, 340. Ee 3/8. Pe 2 Vid AL 25s €. lira Ta 70; Werte, LOT. Length of head 2/13, of caudal 1/5 of the total length.—Hyes : 23 diameters from end of snout, 1 diameter from end of opercle. Snout broad and depressed, with sharp margins ; rostral and maxillary barbels small.—Tveth : pharyngeal, conical, in one row, 15/15.—Fims : pectoral nearly reaches the ventral, its anterior nine rays are unbranched, as are also the first two of the ventral. Lower caudal lebe the longer.—WScales : absent from chest and as far as the posterior margin of the base of the ventrals.—Colowrs : dark brown with darker blotches ; caudal banded. Hab.—Himalayas from about Darjeeling through Butan, Asim and the Khasi Hills. 3.* HOMALOPTERA BILINEATA. Blyth, J. A. 8. of Bengal, 1860, p. 172. Bobi D9. A. ’6. Said to be affined to H. erythrorhina, Cuv. and Val., xviii, pl. 524. “ A minute knob on the muzzle.”—Colowrs : “ A narrow dark line from the muzzle to eye, continued behind the eye as a broad, irregular, somewhat zigzag band, set off laterally with whitish, and joining its opposite behind the dorsal fin. A corresponding but obscure band below the lateral line, little seen on the hind half of the body. Dorsal with a large blotch of black, and one small posterior spot. Caudal fin also black, with the sides of its base and the forking tips white (or yellow ?), but the extreme tips black. Pectorals, ventrals, and anal, blotched with black; sides of body somewhat nigrescent.” Hab.—Tenasserim provinces; the largest specimen obtained was 2? inches long. (Lo be continued.) 30 [ No. 1, AccouNT oF A VISIT To THE EHagsrern anp NorTHERN FRONTIERS OF INDEPENDENT SIKKIM, with NorEs ON THE ZOOLOGY OF THE ALPINE AND SUB-ALPINE REGIONS, Part II, Zoonoay,—by Wim T. Buanrorp, F. G.S., C. M. Z. S. (Received 29th September, 1871.) The present paper will contain notes on the Vertebrata collected, or observed, in the Alpine and Sub-alpine portions of Independent Sikkim, a few remarks being added on some of the animals inhabiting the neighbour- ing regions in Tibet. Only those species will be noticed which are found in the region of pine forests, or in the Rhododendron bushes and open ground above the limit of trees, and consequently no animals will as a rule be mentioned which are not found above 10,000 feet on the eastern Chola ranges, and above 8,000 feet in Northern Sikkim. This elevation, which is about the lower limit of pines, is also a fair approximation to a boundary line between the two faunas which meet in the Hastern Himalayas, the Malay and the Palzarctic. The fauna of the plains of India appears to penetrate deeply into the Western Himalayas and to meet the Palearctic fauna ; but, as a rule, it stops suddenly at the base of the mountaims in Sikkim. A few birds found in the outer valleys are species which inhabit the Indian Peninsula, but they form but a very small percentage of the avi-fauna; the great bulk of the animals of every class are either peculiar to the South-western Himalayas, or common to it and the Malay Peninsula. The most striking characteristic of the fauna of India proper is the presence of numerous forms with western and generally African affinities, such as Hyena, Canis, Mellivora, Lepus, Antilope, Gazella, amongst mammals; Neophron, Aquila, (vestricted,) Thamnobia, Malacocircus, Pastor, Ammomanes, Pyrrhulauda, Calandrella, Pterocles, Cursorius, amongst birds ; Cabrita, Ophiops, Sitana, Eryx, Echis, amongst reptiles; Cyclotopsis amongst land mollusca, &c. All of these disappear in the Himalayas of Sikkim, and their place is taken by a far richer fauna. Amongst the mammals Arctonyx, Helictis, Arctictis, Urva, Lhizomys and Nemorhedus, almost all Malayan forms, make their appear- ance ; amongst birds the sub-families Hurylaimine, Leiotrichine, Macropy- gne, Phasianme, entirely unrepresented in India, are found, whilst the number of Picide,* Cuculide, Capitomde, Nectarinide, Crateropide, * In the plains of India exclusive of Malabar there are 12 species of Woodpeckers enumerated as found by Jerdon, All except two or three being very local. In tropical and temperate Sikkim alone 17 are found. Of the Timaline of Jerdon 13 are found in various parts of India exclusive of Malabar, nine are peculiar to Malabar, and no less than 48 have been found in the South-eastern Himalayas, 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. Bas Muscicapide, Merulide (especially Ruticilline), Pycnonotide and Treronide is greatly increased. In the higher elevations of Sikkim, an entirely distinct fauna appears, which is almost purely Palearctic, although a few Malayan types are met with. Arctomys, Lagomys, Moschus and Ovis appear amongst the mam- mals, whilst nearly all the species found at lower elevations disappear. Of the birds, scarcely any of the Picarie, and only a single species of the Timaline are found at 12,000 feet; the Pycnonotide and Treronide are wanting, and the only families which gain im numbers are the Cinclide, Fringillide, and Phasianide. Amongst the genera which are deficient at the lower elevations, but common in the higher ranges, are Gypaétus Troglodytes, Lophophanes, Accentor, Propasser, Nucifraga, Fregilus, Ithagenis and Lerva. The principal object of my visit to the higher ranges of Sikkim was to examine and collect this Palearctic fauna, and the principal result has been to ascertain that in these mountains two well marked sub-divisions of it are found : one inhabits the damper southern slopes of the hills, while the other is peculiar to the dry Tibetan climate. The latter we only entered in the upper Lachen valley, close to Kongra Lama, and to it belong the peculiar forms, Otocoris Hlwesi, Leucosticte hematopygia, Montifringilla ruficollis, Fregilus pyrrhocorax, Cinclus sordidus and Accentor rubeculordes. A second object in my visit was to learn, so far as practicable, which of the migratory Passerine birds, found in the Indian plains in the winter, breed in the South-west Himalayas. My journey was undertaken rather too late in the year to render it at all probable that I should find any birds actually breeding, but still, as I was amongst the higher ranges at the migrating season, I had some opportunity of seeing which birds were previously there, and which appeared to arrive from the north. The result, so far as | was enabled to make observations, is rather surprising ; for it appears probable that scarcely any of the Indian migratory birds breed in Sikkim, but, in some cases, species which visit India during the winter and eross the Himalayas to breed, are represented by allied forms which rarely or never leave the mountain ranges. Thus Chelidon urbica, which is a rare visitant to the plaims of India,* is represented by C. Nipalensis and C. Cashmiriensis ; Brythrosterna parva and EL. leucura by HL. maculata, which is but rarely found m the plains, and by the various species of Siphia ; Pratincola Indica by P. ferrea; Ruticilla rufiventris by R. frontalis, and others, Calliope Kamtschatkensis by C. pectoralis ; Motacilla personata and I. Luzomensis by WM. Hodgsoni ; Carpodacus erythrinus by species of Propasser. * I have shot it in Chhatisgarh in the Central Provinces in April. Tickell, J. A. S. B, 1855, p. 277, records it from Chota Nagpéir and Moulmain ; Captain Irby from Oudh ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 338. 32 W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. [No. 1, Almost the only migrant which we found in Sikkim commonly, before the cold weather birds appeared from the north, was Phylloscopus lugubris, and in the sub-family to which this belongs P. tristis, P. fuscatus, P. viridanus, and, per- haps one or two species of Feguloides breed, so far as is known, in Central or Northern Asia, and visit India in the cold weather, whilst Phylloscopus JSuliginiventer, Reguloides erochroa and several species of Aérornis are peculiar to the Himalayas.* It should be remembered that the collections made by Captain Elwes and myself were procured under great disadvantages. For the greater por- tion of the time, on the Chola range especially, the weather was most unfa- vourable. Every field ornithologist knows how in wet and misty weather birds are silent and skulk amongst the bushes where it is most difficult to see them, whilst in bright sunshine they are constantly in the open. I¢ is probable that any one visiting the highlands of Sikkim at a more favourable season, such as May, or October and November, would find very much to add to our observations. I much regret having been unable, from want of time, to give any notes on invertebrata. My collections, however, were very small. MAMMALIA. QUADRUMAMNA. PRESBYTIS SCHISTACEUS, Hodgs. Jerdon, in the ‘Mammals of India,’ says that this monkey has not, to his knowledge, been obtained in Sikkim. Hooker mentions large monkeys near Lamteng} and again on his road from Lachtngt{ to the Tankra pass, in both cases in pine woods. I saw none myself, but several were shot by a shikari of Captain Elwes near Laching, thus rendering it nearly certain that it was this species which was noticed by Hooker, for‘no other large monkey is likely to be found at an elevation of 9,000 and 10,000 feet. I greatly doubt if the Langtrs mentioned by Jerdon as occurring near Pankabari belonged to this species, because it is extremely umprobable that an animal found at considerable elevations in the Western Himalaya, should also occur amongst the purely Malay forms of the Sikkim Terai. P. schis- taceus has never to the best of my knowledge been found on the outer hills of Sikkim, the fauna of which is Malay, and it is perfectly natural to * More Indian birds appear to breed in the Western Himalayas, but even here many cross the principal snowy range. I cannot agree with Lord Walden’s opinion in this matter, (Ibis, 1867, p. 214 note), but much has been added to our knowledge of the summer haunts of the Indian Passerines during the last two or three years. Comp. Stoliczka, J. A. B. S., 1868. Tristram, Ibis, 1871, p. 109, &c., &e. { Himalayan Journals Vol. IL., p. 37. { Ibid, Vol. IL., p. 108, all references are to the first or octavo Hdition, 1854, 1872. | W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikiint. 33 find it in the pine forests of Northern Sikkim together with other forms of the Western Himalayas. The following are the measurements of a fine adult female, taken on the body :— Feet Inches. Leneth of head and body measured in a straight line, .......c0cccssscesseseosses a 4 Ditto ditto, from nose to insertion of tail measured along the curve of the back,..cccsse 2 6 bis etoim hel Greene slo seh east sien naiea pieoesdssecoieniesidecrcsiadueseerg valsselde saswseredcod sas) co 8) Webuser ea oN fester Fer vel Meee st see vasaeanta wel eeatvseruvvinnioniviceice IL 7 Ditto of radius, Be edeiecieccesienaieccinseivasiseslossitanmaeattaeuccssmecctneemereniess <0) 8k LESAG Gi IRGC. cemcgsebdenndineed Ga UORecd BAO a a OSccHE Canned osccns Dasbraccn suenSnncHBSncpTas 0 52 Dri PONG NLS A oka wales siancsei-ceisescse este ceeise see 1 8 Ditto of tibia, ... SSRCEABSO COU CACC OOHED un tos DED Un DAPCEE DAU aac a Gn BOO SRO BAAS LeSpHEOacrk eee, 8h Ditto of foot from nosh en Edn 6c. bop seq gaodD NEE 50a daoDHDOdCOHL 000000 Mandooneodo.ceoosao00 8 Girth of neck, esescne alc ne Hash See simeeoashe Giana vieuseejeaines anes erinacodvaeprrl: 0 Ditto of chest behind HRRee ndecodnss oadand dan pobdeo donee 2 (0) DP ORO. stear dears clr dels sclera s ron ais seis auiey oe aie Demeester os SG salinalbis Sais eulgaeed deena OO 3 CHEIROPTERA. VesPertinio Branrorbt, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, p: 214. Two specimens of a bat which I obtained at Laching (8,000 ft.) are, Mr. Dobson informs. me, identical with a species he had received from the North-west Himalayas, from both Simla and Dalhousie, and which he de- scribed under the above name. A rather larger bat was noticed at the same place, but no specimens were obtained. CARNIVORA. Ursus Trseranus? F. Cuv. I presume this was the species common in the upper Tista valley. I did not see any, although their tracks on the hill sides with marks of scratchings for roots and insects abounded. I noticed no tracks above about 12,000 feet. Bears are said by the people to be very destructive to the grain crops. I could not learn whether Ursus isabellinus is found in Sikkim or not. AILURUS FULGENS, F. Cuv., A. ochraceus, Hodgs. We heard of the occurrence of this animal in the pine woods around Laching, but neither of us saw it. Hooker was more fortunate (Him. Jour. Vol. II, p. 108), It is not common. Canis (Vulpes) monvanvs, Pears., (v. V. flavescens, Hodgs.). Elwes picked up a perfectly fresh brush of a fox close to the Kangra Lama pass. Jt had a fine white tip. It is difficult to tell what animal could have killed the fox ; for we saw no large birds of prey except Lemmergeyers which I am disposed, with Mr. Hume and others, to consider carrion-feeders ; and the _ only large carnivorous mammal likely to occur at this elevation is the ounce. 5 34 W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. [No. 1, RODENTIA. ARCTOMYS. Marmot holes were abundant around Momay, but I never caught sight of one of the animals. I was singularly unsuccessful in procuring specimens of small rodents ; on several occasions I saw a rat-like animal with a short head, probably Neodon Sikkimensis, but 1 could never capture a specimen. ? Arvicota sp. In the stream at Momay Samdong, on one occasion I saw a “water rat.” This also may possibly have been WVeodon, as that animal is said to be found at this elevation (15,000 feet), but it is not known to haunt streams. The animal I saw was swimming some distance beneath the surface, so much so that at the first glance I took it for a fish, but it soon came up and I could distinguish its form. It is scarcely necessary to say that my gun happened to be at an unusual distance, and not available. The water comimg down from the Kinchinjhao glacier is icy cold, and it would be surprising to find a forest denizen like Neodon Stkkimensis in @ glacier stream traversing a treeless region. I think it most probable that the animal I saw was either Arvicola amphibia, which is known to occur in Siberia, or some allied form, perhaps undescribed. It was certainly a much larger animal than Hodgson’s Mus hydrophilus, which appears, moreover, to be a tropical or sub-tropical form. The absence of squirrels in the pine woods of Northern Sikkim is very remarkable. ? Lepus Treeranus, Waterhouse, P. Z. 8., 1841, p. 7, and Nat. Hist. Mam. Vol. II, p. 58. L. otostolus, Hodgs. J. A. S. B., Vol. IX, p. 1186. Hooker, Him. Journal Vol. Il, p. 158. Hooker mentions the occurrence of slate-coloured hares with white rumps around Cholamu lake. I turned up two in one day in the Lachen valley near Kongra Lama pass, one of them about five miles on the Sikkim side of the frontier, so that if the Indian fauna is to be limited by the frontier of Tibet, this animal must be included in it. I doubt myself whether any of these Tibetan forms ought to be comprised in the Himalayan fauna; even Ovis Nahwra is only a'Tibetan form which strays into the higher ranges across the frontier. Until more specimens can be procured and examined, it is impossible to say how far the various Central and Northern Asiatic races of hares, belong- img to the type of the European Lepus variabilis, should be distinguished. There are—Z. variabilis, Pall., identical with the European species found throughout Siberia ; L. tolai, Pall., peculiar to the high steppes of Mongolia 1872. ] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. 35 and Central Asia; Z. hybridus, Pall.,* Altai mountains; LZ. Tibetanus Waterhouse, described from specimens from Little Tibet ; LZ. otostolus, Hodgs., from the snowy region of the Himalaya; and L. pallipes, Hodgs., from Central and Eastern Tibet. Although Hodgson’s L. otostolus is considered by Waterhouse as probably the same as his 7ibetanus, and this view has been accepted by Gray, Blyth and Jerdon, it should be borne in mind that the opinion is founded on very imperfect materials, and that Waterhouse himself was by no means certain of the identification. Lacomys Royer, Ogilby. Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 210. L. nipalensis, Hodgs.—L. Hodgsonii, Blyth. L. Curzonie, Hodgs., J. A. 8. B., 1857, p. 207, nee Stoliczka, J. A. S. B, 1865, pt. II, p. 108. ? L. badius, Hooker, Himalayan Journals, Vol. II, p. 156, Guimchen, Butia. I feel some surprise at Hooker having overlooked the occurrence of this tail-less hare im Sikkim. That he did so is, I think, evident, because he especially refers (Vol. II, p. 156,) to the abundance of a Lagomys (which he calls Z. badiws) in the Tibetan portion of the Lachen valley, whilst at p- 182, he distinctly states that this animal, like the wild horse, fox and hare, does not cross the Donkia pass. I first saw a Lagomys at about 12,000 feet on the Chola range near the Jelep-la ; it abounded in the pine forests below Chumandko at the foot of the Chola, and I found the same kind again common in the pine forests, about Yeomatang, at 12,000 to 13,000 feet, in the Lachtng valley, and at similar elevation m the Lachen. I observed none above the limit of trees. - It is of course quite possible that the species seen by Hooker in the Tibetan part of the Lachen valley, at 16,000 to 17,000 feet, is a different species from that which inhabits the Sikkim pine forests. The name given by Hooker, L. badius, is probably one of Hodgson’s numerous unpublished terms, and it is difficult to say, whether it was intended for the species subsequently named by him L. Curzonie or not. I shall first describe the Sikkim Zagomys, and then proceed to the difficult question of nomenclature. The Sikkim Lagomys is a small species, the largest specimen obtained. being barely seven inches long. ‘The fur above is rufescent brown externally, more rufescent and paler on the head and shoulders, mixed with black towards the middle of the back and the rump, in consequence of the hairs having longer black tips on those parts. All the hairs are blackish leaden * Gray in Ann. and Mag. N. H., Sept. 1867, p. 223, gives L. altaicus, Brandt, as distinct from L. hybridus, but without any reference to a description. L. altaicus, Eyersman, is L, hybridus, teste Waterhouse and Gray. 36 W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkin. [No. 1, grey near the skin and for the greater part, fully two-thirds of their length ; some have much thicker terminations of pale brown tipped with black on the back. The longest hairs on the back are about three-fourths of an inch in length. The sides are the same colour as the back, the breast is brown ; muzzle, chin and belly whitish or isabelline, the latter being browner in the “middle than towards the sides, but more conspicuously so in some specimens than in others. Hair on the belly about one-third of an inch in length. The feet are pale isabelline above, pinkish brown beneath ; ears oval, thinly haired outside, except near the margin, where they are covered with very short close rich brown hair, the edge itself being whitish. Mr. Hodgson, in his description of Lagomys Curzome, says the fur is of two sorts, woolly and hairy. I believe the fur is the same in all species of Lagomys, and it is only so far of two sorts that some hairs have thick- ened tips.* Under the microscope all the hairs are the same towards the base, and appear to be cylindrical and colourless, with opaque granules at short and nearly regular intervals. A small portion only of the hairs are larger and have thickened tips which are not circular, but triangular, or quadrangular, apparently with three or four rounded longitudinal grooves. All the under fur is beautifully soft, but the terminations are harsher. The following are the dimensions of two apparently adult specimens, taken from the bodies just after death. I unfortunately have not noted the sexes, but there is very little if any difference between them in measure- ments :— Inchés, Inches, IU (eyaregnlal gio) cay Tees!) sH0) sq BBCANE, Goonpqdoo doonoo aodea4den-n0000000 ooDadenobeD ODS anooccono (OS 65 Nose bo between Carss: aiivesss sss tine: so scamselse ewes ws oinen vouiuasubcinice cue mereacaeenes 1:5 O HAI SiO ONC e-ciccalsesi selveuiantiascls aslo ssiorelsretecisricajece nc ciseiin aeieserse ase meen el osaaanesetes 0 15 Hye to nose, ..ss0s, sOH01 38600 Bsc pordiisieleesiaepissccmiee siereeniaceneisersiets 0 O-7 Length of ear oda behind the ear, -) 90000:0610008 800 eabodo'0bo sacdoabaoo0d cog bP 08 Breadth of do. .,....... Tigeaee Mihoe none somoasoneeeRuceae same mtaen Meneame 0 06 San foot from heel swith ates: Miveltoleloe (osini oleistelsioclseistecietetesolachcelamicieeeae meet Gemma 1-2 Pore fc and. py A Siveu'sialustects as crabereoi Suse Me EUR cc iok Shea ca kaa nei ee Onn a] O-7 Reniseat peeuerat BOBO IaGnenBcadonnTiood a WoBadane-tosuce sdosodconSoodaconcGsoods, Iti (0) In a young specimen 4’5 in. long, the hind foot from the heel measured 0-9, the fore foot 0°5, the ear 0°5. The intestines in a specimen nearly 9 inches long measured 50 inches, and the cceeum 8 inches.+ * J find this is noticed by Ogilby in the description of Lagomys Roylei, Royle’s Iust. Bot., &c., p. Ixix. + This appears somuch that I thought there must be a mistake in my note, but on measuring the intestines of a young specimen about 4 inches long in spirit, I find they are 38 inches long, and all membranes contract greatly in spirit. 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. 37 I have extracted the skull of an adult in spirit, proved to be full grown by the teeth and by the epiphyses of the limb bones being firmly united to the shafts by ossification. This skull measured only 1:45” in length and 0-7 in breadth across the zygomatic arches ; the orbits are very small, the longi- tudinal diameter being 0°55", and the transverse 0°28 inches only. The nasal bones are of equal breadth above throughout, and the anterior palatine openings broadly confluent behind. This skull agrees very well with the fioure in Royle’s illustrations of the Botany, &c. of the Himalayas,* except that it is smaller and that the orbits appear rather shorter; the general form is strikingly similar. The description of the skin of L. Royle: both by Ogitby and Waterhouse (fodentia, p. 26,) agrees well with the Sikkim animal, except that the variety from the western Himalayas appears to be of somewhat larger size, but as all the dimensions appear to be taken from skins, they are of small value, and Jerdon’s measurements, which are probably from fresh specimens, exceed mine by very little. The specimens in the Indian Museum also agree with those from Sikkim, except that the furis much harsher, but it is difficult to say how far this is the result of preparation and of exposure. J am inclined to attach less value to it, because the different specimens in the Museum vary greatly in the softness of the fur. But I am also persuaded that the Sikkim species must be Hodgson’s Lagomys Curzone. The description agrees very fairly, and the dimensionst only slightly exceed those of my specimens, whilst they agree with Jerdon’s dimensions of ZL. Roylei. It is true that Hodgson does not mention the black tips to the hairs, but as he uses the somewhat indefinite expression “murine fulvous” for the colour, I can only suppose that there were probably dark tips. Hodgson’s specimens were said to come from the Chiimbi valley. Now I found Lagomys Roylei along the west slope of the range separating Sikkim from Chtmbi, in climates as different, and places as far apart as Chola and the upper Lachtng valley, and it is very surprising, if a different species inhabits the other side of the range. My friend Dr. Stoliczka has described a very distinct speciest from Ladak as Lagomys Curzome, J. A. S. B., Pt. IL, pp. 108-111. I believe that this * The type of Ogilby’s L. Roylei, but named L. alpinus in the plate ;*comp. Royle’s TIllust. p. lxix. The coloration of the animal in this plate is very incorrect. 7 The length of the palma and nails one-eighth inch must be a misprint, and it is evident that all the measurements have been taken from a skin, so that they are approximations. { [1 do not think that there is sufficient evidence for this statement. On compar- ing Hodgson’s description of LD. Nipalensis with that of Cwrzoniw, the differences between the two can be noticed with little difficulty. The size of Cwrzonie varies greatly, many specimens equalling Nipalensis in size, but the fur is very distinct. Hodgson’s description of Curzoniwe appears to me rather to apply to the species which I have re-described under the same name, than to Roylet.—F. Stoliczka |. 38 W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. [No. I, is a distinct and undescribed species. Adults are very much larger than Hodgson’s original specimens, being nine inches and upward in length, rivalling or exceeding ZL. rufescens in size, and the prevailing colour is isa- belline. This species which has been excellently described by Dr. Stoliczka, L. cit., is easily distinguished from ZL. rufescens, by its longer and softer fur. It may be objected that Hodgson having already described Lagomys Roylet under the name of LZ. Nipalensis, must have had a distinct species before him when he described LZ. Curzonie. But L. Nipalensis is of a very different colour from the typical LZ. Roylet, beimg, as described by Hodgson, deep bay from the snout to mid body. It was so distinct in appearance that Blyth described the young of LZ. Roylei as L. Hodgsonit, immediately after Hodgson had described and figured Z. Nipalensis, and the latter species is kept distinct from L. Royle: by Waterhouse (Rod. pp. 24, 26,) and by Dr. Gray* Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Sept. 1867, p. 220. I am myself inclined to believe that Mr. Blyth was quite right in uniting LZ. Nipalensis with L. Roylei, because the structural differences pointed out by Waterhouse appear scarcely of sufficient importance to prove the animals distinct, whilst the presence or absence of rufous coloration in mammals is not usually of much importance. But at the same time there do appear to be some slight differences between the forms inhabiting the Himalayas, and the divergence is greatest between the Nipal and the Sikkim races, a far greater difference existing than between other forms which Mr. Hodgson, who held extreme ideas on the subject, described as distinct species. ‘The materials before me are insufficient to justify an accurate judgment in this matter, but they in- dicate the possibility of the three races being distinguishable in this manner. Lagomys Reylei, verus. Six to eight inches ; fur less soft, brown with a greyish tinge. Do. var. Nipalensis, Length seven to eight inches, fur chesnut or bay above. Do. var. Curzonie. ength six to seven inches, fur mouse brown, very soft. At the same time the differences are so small that a good series of speci- mens would probably show a complete passage from one to the other. Even if the Lagomys seen by Hooker north of the Sikkim frontier were different from the Sikkim species, the name applied to it by him ZL. badius, imphes a very different coloration from that of Dr. Stoliczka’s ZL. Curzonie. * Dr. Gray also keeps LD. Hodgsonii distinct, though it is considered by Water- house identical with L. Nipalensis, and both were united to Roylei by Mr. Blyth himself in his Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Asiatic Society’s Museum, p. 133. 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. 39 RUMINANTIA. Cervus arrinis, Hodes. Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 218, p. 251.—Blyth, * Cat. Mam. Mus. As. Soc. No. 480.—Blyth, J. A. S. B., Vol. xxx, 1861, p. 188. C. Wallichi, Cuv. apud Blyth, J. A. 8. B., Vol. xxiii, p. 736.— Hooker, Him. Jour., Vol. II, p. 214, (wood-cut of horns). This animal must be expunged from the list of mammals found in Sikkim and, consequently, has no right to appear in Jerdon’s Mammalia. After much enquiry in the country, I am satisfied that it is not found in Sikkim at all, nor yet in that portion of the Chimbi valley which is near the Sikkim frontier. I could not hear of its occurrence in the country north of Sikkim, and I am inclined to believe that its range is entirely eastern. This opinion, at which I had arrived quite mdependently, (for I had not looked at the paper in J. A. S. B., 1851, Vol. xx, p. 388, until after writing it) entirely confirms Mr. Hodgson’s account of the animal’s range. I think Dr. Jerdon must have overlooked this paper, or he would scarcely have given the animal so inappropriate an English name as the Sikkim Stag. Captain Elwes was especially desirous of obtaining a pair of the horns, and enquired about them from the people who came to meet us with the Sikkim Raja. All declared that this Stag is only found at a considerable distance beyond Chimbi. Mr. Hodgson, 1. c. p. 392, learned that it only occurs as a straggler inthe Chimbi valley, that it is unknown in Northern Bitan, and that the region inhabited by it is entirely Tibetan. Moscuus Moscuirervs, L.—Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 224, p. 266.— Hooker, Him. Jour., Vol. I. p. 269. The musk deer occurs, but is not common on the Chola range ; it is found much more frequently in the upper Lachen and Lachiung valleys. PrRocaPRA PrcTicauDATA, (Hodgs.). Blyth, Cat. Mam. No. 534, p. 173. Hooker, Him. Jour., p. 157, and wood-cut, p. 139. Hooker records |. ec. his having seen both this animal and the Chiru (Kemas Hodgson) at Lake Cholami. I did not hear of it in Sikkim, nor has it, so far as | am aware, been met with. The Stiba of Kambajong, as men- tioned in the first part of these notes, brought a fresh skin to Kangra Lama. Kemas Hopesonn, (Abel). Blyth, Cat. Mam. No. 535, p. 173. Antilope Hodgsoniit, Hooker, Him. Jour., Vol. ii, pp. 1382, 156, and wood-cut, p. 157. Hooker found the horns of the Chirtii near Momay Samdong in the Lachung valley, and saw the animal at Cholamui Lake. The Tibetans assured us that it is not now found within a long distance of the frontier, and appear- ed greatly surprised when we told them it had been seen by Hooker. It 40 W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkun. [No. 1, may occur near Cholamiti only at particular seasons, but it is not probable that Hooker was mistaken about so fine and conspicuous an animal. NEMORH@DUS BUBALINUS, Hodgs. Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 230, p. 283. Gya, Butia. Sichi, Lepcha. The Serow is not rare in Sikkim, but like all other mammals, it shuns the leech-infested belt between 5,000 and 10,000 feet during the rainy season, at which period it is said in the outer hills to descend into the deep valleys. I frequently saw the tracks of this goat-antilope in the forests around Lachtng which are out of the leech region at 8,000 to 10,000 feet. It does not ascend to any great elevation. N. gorat, Hardwicke. Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 231, p. 285: “ Ragen’ Hooker, Him. Jour. Vol. u, p. 98. The goral is common on the grassy and rocky cliffs west of the Laching valley from Chingtém to Laching, and is also found in the Lachen valley. At the period of my visit all were between 8,000 and 10,000 feet, but in winter they are said to descend much lower. I could not hear of any being found on the Chola range, and I suspect the animal is only to be met with in the interior of Sikkim. I saw goral several times near Lachung. It keeps to rocky cliffs and grassy slopes, and does not appear to inhabit forest. HemitRagus semMLArcus, H. Smith.—Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 232 I have been assured that the Tehr is found in Sikkim, but I did not see it, nor has any one else whom I know. Itis said to imhabit the forests high up on the sides of the Tista valley near Chingtam. As it is well- Jnown to be a native of Nipal, its occurrence in Sikkim is highly probable. An animal was described to us by the Tibetans as mhabiting parts of Tibet north of Jigatzi, which was probably the Himalayan Ibex, Capra Sibirica. Ovis NAHURA, Hodgs. Jerdon, Mam. Ind. No. 287, p. 296.—Ovis Ammon, Hooker, Him. Jour. Vol. u, p. 1382, wood-cut, p. 140. Wao or Gndo, Tibetan. Ovis amMon, L. Hooker, Him. Jour. Vol. i, (? p: 248), wood-cut, p. 249, Nyeng, Tibetan. The burhel is not known to occur on the Chola range to the southward, but it is found near the Tankra pass, and scattered over the grassy hills in the higher valleys of the Lachen and Lachting. In September and October I never saw any below 14,000 feet. The burhel is undoubtedly the wild-sheep to which Hooker refers under the name of Ovis Ammon, and of which he speaks as being seen occasionally near Momay Samdong. That such is the case is proved by the name he apples to it “gnow.” I cannot help thinking it highly probable that he 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. Al only saw burhel also in the Yangma valley, in East Nipal. A herd of rams of O. nahura, although inferior in size to the true Ovis Ammon, would certainly strike any one seeing them for the first time by their proportions, but it is possible that the sheep seen on this occasion may have been the larger kind. So far as Sikkim is concerned, however, every enquiry made by us elicited the assurance that the true Ovis Ammon, or Nyengq, never occurs south of the Donkia and Kongra Lama passes, though frequently met with at a short distance to the north in Tibet ; so that in this respect, at all events, Jerdon is perfectly correct in excluding it from his Mammals of India, p. 298, as not found on the Indian side of the Himalaya. AVES. Order Raptors. Vulturide. A large vulture was occasionally seen, but not sufficiently near to enable either Captain Elwes or myself to ascertain the species or even the genus, Probably it was Gyps Himalayensis, Hume, Scrap Book, Part I, p. 12, which has now been determimed by Mr. Gurney to be a good species and distinct from G. fulvus, Gm., to which the Himalayan bird was assigned by Dr. Jerdon. Faleonide. 7* GYPAETUS BARBATUS, (L.)—The Laemmergeyer has not previously been recorded from the Himalayas east of Nipdl. I did not meet with it on the Chola range, nor within the limit of forest in northern Sikkim. It is, however, common in the upper Lachen and Lachiing valleys above 14,000 feet. Neither of us succeeded in obtaining a specimen, although several of the birds passed at no great distance. They looked small both to me and to Captain Elwes, and I hope that specimens will hereafter be obtained for comparison. JI should not have mentioned the apparent size, but that the only Lemmergeyers I have ever seen alive are the small G, meridionalis, Keys. and Blas., of Abyssimia. ; 17 TINNUNCULUS ALAUDARIUS, (Gm.). 24 AccrrireR nisus (l.).—Both the Kestril and Sparrow-hawk were common in the upper Lachen and Lachtng valleys after the middle of September, evidently migrating southwards. None were seen on the Chola range at the end of August. The kestril was seen a few days sooner than the sparrow-hawk. 47 Burno prumrees, Hodgs. A single example of this rare buzzard was shot by a shikari at an elevation of about 13,000 feet near Yeomatang in the Lachtng valley. It proved to be, as ascertained by dissection, a female in fine plumage. It agrees * The numbers are those of Jerdon’s Birds of India. 6 42, W. T. Blanford—Zoologqy of Sikkim. [No. 1, excellently with Hodgson’s original description. The following is a full account. ; i Plumage throughout, above and below, dark umber brown, a little darker, if anything, below than above, slightly paler on the rump, faintly glossed above with purple except on the head. Shafts of the body feathers black. Lores covered in front with white feathers, behind with radiating black hairs. About the nape there are some faint rufous edgings to the feathers ; a few white spots appear on the scapularies, only to be detected by turning back the upper feathers. Primary quills very dark for a considerable length near the tip, paler, with transverse white or whitish bars near the base, shafts white at the base, becoming black at the tip only. Secondaries a little paler than the primaries and with white or whitish bars. Under-wing coverts umber. ‘Tail feathers dark umber, rather indistinctly barred with pale umber, above pale with white hairs beneath, the bars becoming obsolete towards the base, about one and a half inches at the tip of each feather unbarred, extreme tip pale. Iris pale brown; bill black towards the tip, pale towards the base ; cere, gape and legs yellow, claws black, The first four primaries deeply emargi- nate on the mner webs, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th, but not the first, on the outer. The principal dimensions were taken on the fresh carcase, only those of the beak, tarsi and toes are from the skin. Length 20 inches, wing 16, tail 9:25, tarsus 2°9 feathered in front for 1‘5, mid toe without claw 1:5, its claw measured round curve 0.9, outer toe 1, its claw 0.65, imner toe 0:95, its claw 1°15, hinder toe 0°8, its claw 1:15, bill straight from end of cere 0°88, round curve 1, from gape 147. The 4th primary is the longest, the 3rd shorter by 0-2 in one wing, 0°35 in the other, 2nd by 1:6, Ist by 4°75 in one wing, 4°4 in the other. The closed wings reached to within one inch of the end of the tail. The tarsi have 9 or 10 broad scutes behind for the lower half of their length, above this are hexagonal scales. In front are hexagonal scales only, a little larger than those at the sides above, but becoming small near the feet. The discovery of a second specimen of this buzzard, comciding in color- ation with that first obtaimed by Mr. Hodgson, renders it far more probable that this is really a good species, and not a mere accidental phase of plumage of some other. Of the Indian species to which it might be referred, Buteo ferox (B, canescens, Hodgs.) is out of the question, being much larger. B. desertorwin (B. rufiventer, Jerdon), which comes nearest in size, is distinguished by its rufous colouring, especially on the underparts, of which there is not a trace in B. plumipes. B. vulgaris, which is now excluded from the Indian fauna, does not appear to assume so uniform a plumage. Moreover, on comparing 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. 43 the Sikkim specimen with the series in the Indian Museum, I found that in no-case have any of the three species named small hexagonal scales in front of the tarsi as in B. plumipes.* There is some variation in this charac- ter, but all differ widely from my specimen. Both B. vulgaris and B. desertorum also appear to have shorter toes. Mr. Blyth (ibis, 1866, p. 245) considers B. japonicus, Schl., (Fauna Japonica, Ay., t. vi. and vil.) probably identical. This is of less importance at the present moment, because Mr. Hodgson’s name has priority, but dis- regarding the question of plumage, the scutes on the tarsus of B. japonicus are said to be broader, but less high than in B. vulgaris, and there are about 8 in front and 12 to 15 behind. The dimensions are a little smaller than those of B. plumipes, wmg 134 inches (french, == 14-4 english) in the adult female. The only conclusion at which I can arrive is that B. plumipes is a good species, and that B. japonicus is probably distinct. 56 Minvus Govinpa, Sykes.—The only kite I have brought from the upper Lachiing valley, shot at 8,000 feet, belongs to the common Indian race, but a specimen from Tamltng and another from Darjiling are of the large MM. melanotis, Tem. and Sch., JZ major of Hume. Kites, IZ Govinda, I believe, were seen up to about 12,000 feet. The paucity of Raptorial birds in Upper Sikkim is most striking. I did not notice a single true falcon or eagle ; and kites, kestrils, sparrow-hawks, and Lemmergeyers are the only kinds at all frequently seen. Order—InsEssores.—Sub-order—PIcar Lm. Picida. 161 Picts HyPERYTHRUS, Vig.—This is the only woodpecker which I saw in the pine forests of upper Sikkim. - Even this is rare ; only two specimens were obtained during our stay, one at about 10,000 feet in the Lachung valley, the other at about 9,000 in the Lachen. The latter is a young bird, and has dusky bars on the breast. The change from the fauna of outer Sik- kim, where woodpeckers abound as they do throughout Malayasia, is strikingly exemplified by thisfamily. It is doubtful, if P. hyperythrus has been obtain- ed in the neighbourhood of Darjiling ; specimens reported to have been brought thence were probaby shot in the interior. * Mr. Hodgson’s original specimen of B, plumipes, however, is described, P. Z. S., 1845, p. 37, as having the tarsus scutillate before and behind. + Since writing the above, I have seen Dr. Jerdon’s remarks on this species in the July number of the Ibis, p. 340. He also considers the species distinct, but says the toes are peculiarly short. I trust to be able hereafter to compare my specimen in Hurope. 44 W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. [No. 1, Cypselide. 103 CoL~LocaLia FucTPHAGA (Thunb.). : Common on the Chola range up to at least 12,000 feet, and throughout the Tista valley at low elevations. I did not meet with any swift in Upper Sikkim. Upupide. 254 Upupa Epops, L.—Not rare at high elevations in Northern Sikkim. T saw it as high as 15,000 feet at Momay Samdong. Very probably all seen were migrating from beyond the Himalayas, as it is scarcely probable that any breed at this elevation. Sub-order—PAassERES. Nectarinde. 629 AlrHOPYGA T@NIcAvDA (Hodgs.).—Common in rhododendron and pine jungle at about 11,000 feet on the Chola range in August, feeding upon flowers in open glades. All seen were young males in non-breeding plumage, or females. | I have no specimen, but I believe the identification of this bird is correct. Several were shot by Captain Elwes. No Wectarinide were seen in Upper Sikkim. Ampelide. 629 Myzornis pyrriours, Hodgs.—Common in the same place as the last species, hunting amongst the brushwood and over the mossy banks. I shot one on the ground. It was evidently hunting about the moss for insects. Mr. W.S8. Atkinson obtained specimens on the Singalela range. None were - seen in Upper Sikkim. In Mr. G. R. Gray’s new Hand list of birds Myzornis is placed as a subgenus of Yuhina, between Phyllornis and Criniger in the Phyllornithine ; a view not borne out by the structure of the birds, nor by their nidification, so far as that is known. I doubt its being an improvement on Jerdon’s classification. . 627 Yuurya occrprraris, Hodgs.—This bird, which Dr. Jerdon says is rare near Darjiling, is very common and abundant in the pme forests between 8,000 and 10,000 feet in the Lachen and Lachting valleys. It is found in small flocks usually associated with other species. The following measure- ments were taken on a freshly killed bird; length 5, wimg 2-4, tail 2, tarsus 0°7, bill 0°55 inches. 626 Y. eunarts, Hodes.—This is less common than the last in the pine forests about Lachting, though still by no means rare. It is common above 10,000 feet on the Chola range, where I did not meet with * ¥. occipitalis. 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Zoology of Sikkim. 45 623 Ixuntus Fuavicottis, Hodgs.—I obtained two specimens near Lamteng in the Lachen valley at about 9,000 feet, which seem rather smaller than Darjilmg specimens, as appears by the following comparison :— Wing. Tail. Bill from gape. Tarsus, Specimens from Lachen valley,............ 2°25 18 0:5 0-72 & 0-78 » from Darjiling (1,) ..... 00. 2°52 2 0-62 08 4 " (aye ee S72 65y0 1688 0°56 0-75 622 PROPARUS VINIPECTUS res —This species does not appear to have been noticed from Sikkim before : ‘at least I can find no mention of its oceurrence so far east. I obtained two specimens, one from pine forests in the Lachen valley at about 11,000 feet, the other on Sinchal, close to Darjiling. ‘The measurements rather exceed those given by Jerdon. Length. Wing. Tail. Bill from forehead. Tarsus. 1.—Lachen ee ARPS COOREECO SO ran ea 225 19 0.3 0.9 2.—Sinchal, gcngac do dea réeo6 doo. 3) 2.35 2-0 0:32 0:95 Tris ane ) NYcTERIDIUM PLATYURUS, Schneider. 1792. Stellio platywrus, Schneider, Spec. Physiol. Amph., ii, p. 30, and Denk. Acad. Minchen for 1811, p. 62, pl. i, fig. 3. 1802. Lacerta Schneideriana, Shaw, Zool., III, 278. 1864. Nycteridiwny Schneiderianum, apud Giinther, I. R., p. 111. 1870. N. Himalayanwm, Anderson, J. A. 8. B., vol. xl, p. 15. IT have Asam, as well as Himalayan (from near Darjiling) specimens for comparison, and they certainly belong to the same species. They also do * Comp. Journ. A. 8. B., vol. xxxix, p. 163. + Prod. Faun. Zeyl. p. 187. < Gray’s name Platywrus certainly has the same derivation, as Platwrus, and as it has been at an early date replaced by Nycteridiwm, it seems advisable not to revive the former name, particularly as it would involve a change in the specific denomination, and may besides lead to misunderstanding. ; 104 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 1, not differ in any essential point of structure from the description given by Giinther, who has evidently seen specimens from various parts of the Malay Archipelago, from Ceylon, and also from Asam and Bengal, considering them all to be identical. The same conclusion has been arrived at by Dum. and Bibron in comparing Bengal and Javanese specimens. The Darjiling specimen described by Anderson as NV. Himalayanum roust have had accidentally a somewhat “ flatter and more rounded” snout, as in four speci- mens from the same locality the outline exactly agrees with that of Dum. and Bibron’s figure ; I also cannot trace any stronger webbing bétween the fingers and toes, said to distinguish Himalayanum from platywrus. Darjil- ing specimens agree admirably with Schneider’s original figure, (Gn which only the head at its base is shewn too broad) ; the proportion and form of the feet and their toes is exactly the same, the latter being contracted at their bases, connected by a membrane* and provided with 5—7 transverse, divided lamelle. Schneider says there are 56 large subcaudals, and this is exactly the number I count in a full-grown specimen, with the tail perfect, and not reproduced. The femoral pores (16—20 on either side) are slightly interrupted in the middle of the preanal region. 'The only difference consists in the shortness of the first pair of chin-shields, but this cannot be more than an individual distinction, if really correctly drawn. The glands which are situated behind the ear, chiefly towards the lower surface of the head, are quite as often absent as present. Out of four Darjilig specimens they are very distinct in an old female, in one nearly full grown male they are small, and in two somewhat younger specimens of opposite sexes they are not at all developed. One of the principal distinctions of the specimen, named by Dr. Anderson V. Himalayanum, might be sought in the presence of some enlarged tubercles on the side of the body. A ¢ specimen from the Naga hills (As4m) has no enlarged tubercles; of the four Darjiling specimens one full grown ¢, and one half grown ¢, each have a distinct row of slightly enlarged tubercles at the side of the body, above the attachment of the lateral dermal expansion. One nearly full grown ¢ has an enlarged tubercle on one side and two on the other, just a little in front of the sacral region ; the fourth specimen, a female, has the scales uniform granular. It will be seen from these observations that no specific value can be attached to the total absence, or occasional presence, of a few enlarged tubercles, as I had already occasion to notice in different species of Hemidactylus. What is, however, very marked in all Asamese and Himalayan speci- mens, as compared with the usual descriptions of platyurus, is the large amount of dark coloration they possess. The general colour is olive, with a slight bluish cinereous tinge ; the whole upper surface is densely variegated. * Which is clearly shewn on the right hind foot between the lst and 2nd and 2nd and 3rd toes. 1872.] EF. Stoliezka—On Indian Lizards. 105 and streaked with blackish brown, intermixed with some pale spots, particu- larly on the limbs ; tail with dark brown and alternate irregular white spots. Some specimens have a kind of indistinct transverse, dark bands, one on neck, one on the sacral region and three on the back, they are separated respectively from each other, as in Schneider’s figure, by three confluent white spots, placed in a triangle, with the point directed backwards ; the three series of spots on the back are the most distinct. A whitish, or pale orange, band runs through the eye, indistinctly continuing on the side of the body ; it is margined below by a blackish band, most distinct and broadest at the side of the head. Lower side of body and tail uniform whitish, the scales very cften finely punctated. CYRTODACTYLUS RUBIDUS, (Blyth). Comp. Journ. A. S. B., vol. xxxix, p. 165. This species occurs on the Andaman, as well as on the Nicobar, islands. CYRTODACTYLUS AFFINIS, Stol. Stoliczka in Journ, A. 8. B., xxxix, p. 167, pl. x, fig. 1. The young of this species is reddish brown with some darker brown marks on the upper side of the body, and a series of rather large white spots along the middle of the back. Penang. GYMNODACTYLUS LAWDERANUS, n. sp. Pl. Il, fig. 4, side view of the animal, nat. size; 4a lower side of head and 4b, sacral region, both twice the natural size, Body rather slender and elongate, depressed, covered above with numer- ous small roundish tubercles, between which larger ones of a similar shape, but of about double the size of the former, are intermixed. Upper side of head equally granular, the granular scales being somewhat larger on the snout. Rostral large, broad, reaching well on to the upper surface of the snout ; it is followed by 5 small granular scales. The nostril is situated somewhat laterally in the angle between the rostral, first upper labial, one small scale above and another similar one posteriorly. There are 9 upper, and 8 lower labials, the last three in each case very much smaller than the preceding ones. The lower rostral is triangular, partially wedged in between two elongated chin-shields, forming a suture below it. Each of the chin- shields is followed along the labials by 3 other somewhat rounded shields, none of which are in contact. Opening of the ear small, rounded. Scales on the chin small, equal, rounded; on the belly slightly elongated, and in about 32 longitudinal series across the middle ; on the tail, which, however, appears to have been twice reproduced, the scales are also elongate, slightly smaller above than below, but not transversely enlarged, and without any en- larged spines at the sides. The fore limb reaches to the snout, and the hind limb very nearly to the axil, when laid forward. The 8rd and 4th fingers and toes 14 106 F. Stoliezka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 1, respectively are perfectly equal, and close together. All the claws are well developed, lying between enlarged scales, at the sides and above, but they are not retractile. A few slightly enlarged scales above the anus, superseded by two pairs of pores, close together, and forming an angle. General colour above greyish brown, very densely marbled and spotted with dark brown, with some indistinct, undulating, whitish cross bands on the body, margined on the anterior edges with blackish brown; a somewhat indistinct dark band from the nostril through the eye to the ear; front and hind edges of the eye white; labials spotted and speckled with brown ; below whitish. Length of body nearly two inches; tail imperfect, only about one inch long, slightly swollen at the base. Hab.—The single specimen from which the above description is taken was sent to me by Mr. W. A. Lawder, District Engineer of Kamaon ; it was obtained in the neighbourhood of Almorah. Cantor says, when speaking of Gymnod. pulchellus (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1847, vol. xvi, p. 633) that there are two new Gymnodactyli preserved in the Museum of the Asiatic Society, one marked P. lunatus, Blyth, based upon one specimen from Midnapore and two from Chaibassa,* the other, a nondescript species from Almorah, Gymnodactylus nebulosus, Blyth, MSS., allied to Cyrtodactylus marmoratus, Gray. Iam not acquainted with any further notice as to the second species indicated, nor have I been able to find the specimen itself among the Society’s collections ; it is also not mentioned in Theobald’s Catalogue. Under these circumstances it is of course impos- sible to accept the suggested name for the present species, particularly also as Major Beddome described already a quite distinct species from near Vizaga- patam under the name G. nebulosws (Madras Journ. Med. Sc., for 1870). I may also at this opportunity mention that Beddome’s name G. maculatus, published in the same Journal, must be replaced by another one, there having been a G. maculatus described by Stemdachner already in 1866 (Novara Rept. p. 16). A similar change is required with regard to Beddome’s Gymn. marmoratus (M. J. M. Sc., 1870, p. 81), there having been a species described under the same name by Dum. and Bibron already in 1836 (Herp. Gén., ITI, p. 426). Kum. AGAMIDA. JAPALURA VARIEGATA, Gray. Giinther, Rept. of India, p. 133. Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1871, p. 164, This species has the power of greatly changing its colour. In some speci- mens (irrespective of sex) the irridescent green bands, in others the metallic or 4 y * These are to all appearance the two Hubleph. Hardwickti, mentioned by Theo- bald on p. 32 of Cat. Rept. Asiat. Soc. Mus. 1872. ] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 107 reddish brown ones, are prevalent, the green is during lifemuch mixed with yel- low or white, and the width of the bands and spots themselves is very variable during life ; a bluish tinge is often seen on the neck and on the sides of the body of male specimens. The end of the gular sac in the male is deep blue, (not black). The male also has the lower labials generally bluish brown, the upper often bright yellowish white, sometimes, however, both are reddish or pale brown. Numerous brown streaks radiate from the eye, one of these directed towards the tympanoid region is about twice as broad as any of the others ; sometimes it is divided by a median line in two, but very rarely it is indistinct. In the females the contrasts between the colours is always less, they very often have uniform greenish and pale reddish tints prevalent. The larger scales occasionally form a distinct row on each side of the back, which thus becomes apparently tricarinate, as in the form noticed by Jerdon under the specific name microlepis. (See Proc. Asiat. Soc., Feb. 1870, p. 76). Very common in Sikkim from elevations of 1,000 up to 9,000 feet. It is, strictly speaking, a ground lizard, hunting between stones and low bushes, but also takes refuge on a tree. It appears to be more common on higher than on lower elevations, but those living between 9,000 and 5,000 seem to reach the largest size. I was somewhat surprised in reading Dr. Anderson’s results (loc. cit.) of the examination of 21 specimens “ of all ages and both sexes, from one locality,” that is, the neighbourhood of Darjilmg. Dr. Anderson arrived at the conclusion that Jerdon’s microlepis is the female, and Jerdon’s plani- dorsata the young of variegata. Now as I have* not only observed hundreds of living specimens of Japalura variegata in Sikkim, but have also collected and examined them, I may be allowed to say a few words on this subject. I find Ist, that the males of variegata often are smaller than the females, or at any rate that the latter generally grow to a larger size than the former ; 2nd, that the males have the enlarged scales on the back and particularly the spiny ones on the sides of the occiput comparatively larger and more numerous than the females, the difference bemg most marked in full grown specimens and in the breeding season, but I have collected male and female specimens in which the scales were nearly equally largely developed, and there is no apparent difference in the size of the smaller scales between the two sexes; 3rd, that the nuchal and dorsal crest in the male is, especially on the neck, comparatively higher than in the female, and that it generally is on either side accompanied by a series of somewhat enlarged, closely set scales, more conspicuous in smaller than in larger specimens, but they are not equally distinct in the female; 4¢h, that the colours in both sexes are similar and equally variable, but always brighter and more variegated in the male, particularly the green and yellow ; 5¢h, that in young * And so undoubtedly had Dr. Jerdon, 108 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 1, male and female specimens of variegata, the bodies of which vary between one and a half, and two inches in length, there is a similar, simple, continu- ous nuchal and dorsal crest present, as in the adults, with the usual respective difference in size noted as regards the two sexes. These observations, on undoubted J. variegata “ of all ages and both sexes,” do not exactly agree with those recorded by Dr. Anderson. They do not exclude the possibility that J. microlepis might have been suggested for a specimen of variegata with accidentally somewhat smaller scales, but as I do not remember having seen Jerdon’s type specimen, and at the same time I know, how very often Dr. Jerdon must have seen J. variegata mm all its stages, I would defer the identification for the present. As regards planidorsata I have no hesitation mm saying that Dr. Anderson is mistaken. I well re- member Jerdon’s two type specimens ; they did not appear to be very young and were in beautiful preservation. Among the great number of specimens of variegata in the Indian Museum, which Dr. Anderson had been good enough to shew me, I could find none which would correspond with Jerdon’s briefly indicated distinctive characters of planidorsata. Srrana Ponricertana,* Cuv. Sitana minor, Giinther, I. R., p, 135. The smaller form described by Giinther as Sv¢. minor, and noticed by Blanford in Journ. A. S. B., xxxix, Pt. II, p. 365, also occurs in Western Bengal at the Parisnath hill, and on the Sone river in Bihdr, extending northwards through the North-West Provinces as far as Rurki, near the base of the Himalayas, westwards into the Panjab, Kattiawar and Katch, but it is not known from any part of Bengal Hast of the Ganges. Colour: pale or darker brown above and at the sides, a dark band be- tween the eyes; snout and occiput irregularly spotted and variegated with paler brown ; 5 or 6 quadrangular spots on the back, followed by a few smaller ones on the tail ; a pale yellowish line along the centre of back is generally present, and the edges of the back are also pale ; a yellowish band on each side from below the eye through the ear to the groin, in full grown specimens only well marked at the sides of the neck. All these pale or yellowish bands, as well as some of the large scales at the side, and particularly the front side and the hind base of the femora, and the transverse pale bands on the limbs, have a very marked fleshy or rosy tinge, most distinct in full grown males. The pouch is tinged with blue and red im the males only during the breeding season, at other times it is slightly blue, but a blue line always continues from it along the chin to the lower rostral. The labials are often blackish. Below, yellowish white. * Dr. Anderson informs me that he believes this form to be specifically distinct from true Ponticervona, differing from the latter by the intermixed larger scales &c. 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 109 The enlarged scales on the back, and especially at the sides of the body, are invariably well marked, but less numerous in female than in male speci- mens ; they are during life yellow or golden, and during the breeding season often tinged rosy, or even vermilion. In Northern India the species does not appear to attain the size which it does in Central India, for none of the specimens from the former country are above 53 inches, the tail being generally more than twice the length of the body. The claws on fingers and toes are always black. The tympanum is usually covered by a yellowish hardened shield. Jerdon (Proe. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Feb. 1870, p. 76) is, I think, correct in retaining the name Ponticeriana, for the smaller Sitana with long limbs, but I doubt that the larger form, for which he proposes the name Deccanen- sis, is really specifically distinct from Ponticeriana. I collected hundreds of them, in all sizes from 3 to 8 inches ; they are all of the same type, as those I received from Ceylon and from South India, and I find the fore hmb scarcely ever reaches the vent, while the hind-limb extends usually beyond the snout, except in a few full grown specimens. CHARASIA, ORTOCALOTES and ORIOTTARIS. The name Charasia has been proposed by Gray (lizards Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 246) for the South Indian species, Ch. dorsalis, as type. I have examined numerous well preserved specimens of this and of another species inhabiting the greater portion of Central, and perhaps also of Northern, India, and this induces me to propose a somewhat different definition of the genus. Char. Body elongate, somewhat depressed, covered with imbricate, or subimbricate, keeled scales, between which some slightly larger ones are intermixed, the scales being arranged in more or less indistinct transverse series ; those on the lower side are often less distinctly keeled than those on the back ; tympanum naked ; a small tubercular spine at the posterior end of the supraciliary edge; some spines above the tympanum ; nuchal and dorsal crest present, but low ; (generally) a fold across the throat ; scales on the tail subimbricate, not arranged in regular cross series ; (no distinct gular sac, no femoral, or preanal pores). Charasia must be classed next to Trapelus,to which it isvery nearly allied. Hab.—Terrestrial, generally found between blocks of gneissose rocks. The distinctive points in the structure of Charasia are :—Ist, the presence of a small tubercular ‘spine on the hinder supraciliary edge; 2nd, the presence of some slightly larger scales intermixed between the smaller ones at the side of the body. It is true that these larger scales are very difficult to trace in Ch. dorsalis, but I have observed them in various young and old specimens. Were it not that they are, as a rule, better developed 110 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 1, in the allied new species, presently to be described, I would attach hardly any significance to these enlarged scales, but the variability of this character will be important in a comparison with other allied genera ; 3rd, the ventral scales are in young specimens of Ch. dorsalis distinctly keeled, and even in old ones the keels are generally traceable on the breast and in front of the anus. A peculiar character of the type species, Ch. dorsalis, consists in the very small scales of the body, but this character loses its value by the other species, Ch. Blanfordana, having all the scales comparatively much larger. If, after this brief explanation, we compare with the above noted characteristics of Charasia those of Oriocalotes, as recorded by Gunther, (1. R., p. 146), we find that there is no essential distinction between the two. According to the description of the species, the body of Oviocalotes minor would seem to be less depressed, and there is besides a shoulderfold noticed, but I doubt that these characters can be looked upon as generic differences ; they are certainly not regarded as such in the genus Calotes. The type species described by Gunther, O. minor, is from Sikkim, but I have unfortu- nately never met with it. The only other species, O. major, noted by Jerdon from the Sutlej valley, (Proc. Asiat. Soc., Beng. 1870, p. 77) I con- sider intermediate between O. minor and Charasia Blanfordana. There also appears to be very little difference between Charasia and Acanthosaura, and I think it doubtful that the species of the latter are arboreal in their habits ; however, I have never observed them alive. A third form is Giinther’s Oriotiaris (1. R., p. 150). The only known species, O. tricarinata, was often observed by me in Sikkim ; it is ike Chara- sia a ground lizard. The sole important difference from the latter genus, and the so-called Oriocalotes, consists in the absence of a shoulder or gular fold, a character which I do not consider to possess generic value. I believe, therefore, that Charasia, Oriocalotes, and most probably also Oriotiaris should form only one genus, to which Acanthosaura is very closely allied, if at all distinct. The three former are certainly ground lizards, as are also Japalura, Agama, Stellio, while Calotes is often not much more arboreal than terrestrial, Bronchocele is chiefly, and Tvaris entirely, arboreal. CHARASIA BLANFORDANA, 0. sp. Charasia dorsalis, Gray, apud Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. B., 1870, vol. xxxix, p. 368. Pl. ILI, fig. 5 and 5a. Upper and side views of the head, natural size. Head elongately ovate, or subtrigonal, considerably shorter and blunter in young than in old specimens, with the paratoids very much swollen in the adult male. Head covered with small, subequal, cariated scales, those at the sharp edge of the canthus rostralis and above the eyes somewhat larger than others. Nasal shield large, swollen, single, the opening directed laterally upwards ; a minute spine, or a tubercle, at the posterior end of the superciliary edge; two spines above the tympanum, one situated on the occiput and the 1872.] F. Stoliezka—On Indian Lizards. Pee other somewhat posterior, but close to the tympanal edge. In size the tympanum very nearly equals the eye. A longitudinal series of about 7 or 8 enlarged scales below the eye. There are generally 10 or 11 flat upper, and 12 or 13, somewhat more convex, lower labials, both squarish, except the last which are much elongated. Lower rostral posteriorly much elongated, fol- lowed on each side by a row of 4—6 enlarged scales, separated by smaller ones from the lower labials. All the seales of the head, body and tail above and below are imbricate, being arranged in somewhat indistinct cross series, and all are keeled. In young specimens the keels below are very distinct, in older ones they often become less marked, but except in the middle of the belly never entire- ly obsolete. At the sides the scales are intermixed with a few slightly larger ones, the latter being in younger specimens generally easily seen, but in adults they are more difficult to trace. There are 80—100 longitudinal rows of scales round the middle of the body. The scales on the tail are larger than those of the body, and again those along the upper median line exceed the adjoining somewhat in size. A distinct, though low, nuchal and dorsal crest is present in both sexes, disappearing on the tail; it is more developed in the male than in the female. The fore leg reaches to the grom when laid backward. The hind leg generally reaches to the front edge of the eye, when laid foreward ; in some few very old specimens it only reaches to the posterior edge. Young specimens are olive brown above, marbled and spotted with dark brown, with two dark cross bands on the upper snout, and one connecting the middle of the supraciliary edges. Along the middle of the back there are usually some enlarged, lozenge-shaped, brown spots. The sides are speckled with white, orange or red, this colour being generally confined to the enlarged scales. A brown band proceeds from the eye to the shoulder, margined below by a more or less distinct white band. The tail is encircled with brown and alternate whitish bands, generally interrupted on the lower side which is uniform dmgy white. Full grown females retain the same colouration as the young, except that the series of lozenge-shaped spots on the back is more distinct, but males vary enormously in colour, exactly as in Charasia dorsalis. The lateral black streak on the neck is always distinct, but the entire head and anterior part of the body above and below become brilliant scarlet, or more often zinnabar red, while the posterior part is nearly entirely black ; all the colours, however, change very rapidly after death. The largest specimen measures 12 inches, of which the body is very nearly 4 inches. Although closely allied to the South Indian Charasia dorsalis, the present form is fairly separable by its comparatively longer limbs, larger, more distinctly imbricated and stronger keeled scales, which are present round the 112 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 1, middle of the body in a considerably smaller number, there being 130-140 series of squarish scales in Charasia dorsalis, while there are only 80-100 sub-imbricate ones in Blanfordana. Also, the nuchal crest is much better developed in the latter than in the former species. Ch. Blanfordanais given by Mr. Blanford from a large number of localities in Central India. J found it not uncommon on the gneissose rocks composing the Parisnath hill, in Western Bengal ; it is a true rock lizard, as noted by Mr. Blanford, who describes (loc. cit.) its habits at some length. It is also very likely the species noticed by Blyth on one or two occasions from Birbhum, and also, I think, from the Panjab, under the name of Ch. dorsalis. Anderson in Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1871, p. 168, repeated Blanford’s incorrect identification of the present species, without, however, acknowledging the source he took it from. CHaRasta (Oriotiaris) TRICARINATA, Blyth. This species was originally described by Blyth as Calotes tricarinatus (J. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 650), and afterwards by Giinther as Ziaris Hiliottz, subsequently made the type of a distinct genus under the name Oriotiaris ; (Rept. of India, p. 150, and Jerdon in Proc. A. 8. B., Feb. 1870, p. 77, and Anderson, in Proe. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 167. I have already noted the great similarity of the generic characters of this species to typical Charasia. Blyth’s name ‘tricarinatus’ refers to the presence of three keels on the anterior part of the body, there being besides the median crest a row of larger scales on each side of it, disappearing towards the middle of the body, but becoming again better traceable on the femoral region. The large spiny tubercles above the tympanum are always multicarinate on the upper side, and often bluish during life. The colour of the live lizard is generally bright grass green above, with the angular series of larger scales (directed backwards) often chocolate brown ; the lateral keels on the neck are yellowish, sometimes margined with a dark line below. The sides of the body are either entirely green, with only two brown streaks above and below from the eye, or the sides of the head, tympanoid region, neck and anterior part of belly, are deep chocolate brown. There are, however, always some light yellow or whitish spots on the labials, and generally a yellowish streak at the base of the neck on each side. Lower side yellowish white. In spirit the green colours gradually change to more or less distinct brown. As noticed by Jerdon, the species is by no means common about Darjiling ; I found it between 3000 and 8000 feet, generally about large stones in sunny places on the scarp of the road. The largest specimen does not exceed 7 inches. 1872.] FB. Stohezka, ox, “ On Indian Lizards. ey Catotes Exrirorrr, Giinther. Ginther I. R., p. 142.—Jerdon, J. A. S. B., xxii, p. 471, and Proce A. S. B. for 1870, p. 77. I collected this species at Matheran,* near Bombay. It is quite distinct from Row«i. The shoulder-fold is bluish black. It seems to be quite as much terrestrial, as arboreal in its habit. The small scales of the body (about 56 round the middle of it), and the little spine behind each superciliary edge strongly recali Charasia. Some of the scales at the side of the body are yellow, but they are not apparently larger than others. Colowr—pale brown, bright red on the head and about the shoulders, rest of upper side with indis- tinct dark stripes ; lips and the knees dark ; claws above black ; throat reddish, tinged with bluish ; rest of under-side white. The fore limb reaches to the groin, when laid backward, and the hind limb to the anterior edge of the eye, when laid forward. In one specimen the head and body are 24, and the tail 54, — 8 inches. STELLIO, Daudin (1. R., p. 157). Four species of this genus can be distinguished in India, all appear to inhabit the Himalayas, or the country close to the base of the hills. 1. St. Dayanus, vu. sp. Scales of the back moderate, smaller but conti- nuous on the neck ; enlarged scales at the side numerous. Hardwar. 2. St. tuberculatus, Gray. Scales of the back small, very much smaller or granular on neck ; enlarged scales at the sides scattered, generally few, or nearly all obsolete. Southern slopes of the Himalayas. 3. St. melanurus, Blyth (comp. Proce. A. 8. B., Sept. 1871, p. 189). Enlarged scales of the back unequal, those composing a few median rows considerably larger than others on either side. Panjab and Kashmir. 4. St. Himalayanus, Steindachner, (Novara Rept., Pt. I, 1867, p. 22). Enlarged scales of the back smooth ; Ladak, Northern Indus valley. — I shall note in greater detail the two first mentioned species, as they are closely allied to each other, while the two remaining are so entirely dis- tinct that there can be no mistake about them. STELLIO DAYANUS, n. sp. Pl. III, fig. 4. Upper view of the anterior part of the body. Head depressed, covered with small sharply keeled shields, irregular in form, slightly larger on the canthus rostralis and becoming gradually im- bricate on the hind occiput ; nostril in the hinder part ofan elongate swollen shield, narrow in front, but usually separated from the rostral, as well as from the first labial, by a separate shield ; a ridge of somewhat larger scales origi- * Giinther refers, I suppose, to the present species when noticing C. Rowxi from Matheran (Proc, Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 501). 15 114 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 1, nates a short distance behind the nostril, and passes below the eye in a slight ascending curve to the upper edge of the tympanum ; 10—12 upper and as many lower labials; a short ridge of spiny scales is in continuation of the upper labials directed towards the lower edge of the tympanum, but separat- ed from it by a tubercular group of spines; tympanum slightly smaller than the eye, with a group of spines in front of it; numerous groups or irregular short ridges of enlarged spiny scales at the side of the neck, the skin on it being rather loose. Lower rostral sharply pomted behind ; first pair of chinshields large and nearly touching below the rostral; one or two rows of enlarged scales follows on either side along the labials, separated from them by one or two rows of smaller scales. ‘The throat fold extends laterally in front of the shoulder, where only a small naked pit of soft skin exists. Enlarged dorsal scales moderate, sharply keeled, im about 18 longitudinal series in the centre of the back ; they are considerably smaller, but distinctly continuous on the neck and up to the occiput; nuchal crest small, composed of separate, sharply keeled, compressed scales ; numerous enlarged, almost spiny, scales at the side of the body interspersed between the smaller ones ; scales on the upper side of the limbs larger than those of the body ; on chin small, subtubercular, very sharply keeled; on breast and belly indistinctly keeled or nearly smooth, often with a patch of enlarg- ed, hardened, scales in the centre of the belly, where they are arranged in about 40 longitunal series. Each thickened scale in the preanal patch is soft or spongy in the middle, and evidently secretes a similar fluid, as do the preanal and femoral pores of other lizards. Scales on the tail irregular at the base, but farther on arranged in verticils; their size is equal to those on the upper side of the feet. The fore-limb when laid backward fully reaches the groin, but more often extends a little further on the sacral region, the fourth finger is a trifle longer than the third; the hind leg, when laid forward, sometimes reaches the snout, but usually only the front edge of the eye; the fourth toe is longer than the third by its claw. 4 General colour, in young, above and at the sides pale olive, variegated and spotted with black and yellowish white; throat reticulated with dusky blackish ; rest of lower side white. Adults are throughout brownish or blackish, or with some indistinct darker spots along the back ; head uniform, much paler; body above all over densely spotted with yellow, throughout reticulated with bluish, and there is, in adult male specimens always, some blue tinged with red, on the chest, on the sides of the head, neck, and of the belly, most strongly marked in the breeding season; sometimes the entire throat is purplish blue ; lower side of body and of tail yellowish white ; terminal two-thirds of tail blackish. HTab.—I have received some 40 specimens from Dr. Day, who collect- 1872.] “FE. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 115 ed them at Hardwir, where the Ganges leaves the hills for the plains. They measure from 4 to 18 inches, in all stages of growth, the tail when perfect is fully $ of the total length. I find that in former years I also obtained this species at Misouri, and on the road from Kalka to Simla, hav- ing noticed the difference of the scales on the neck and back, as compared with those of the next species, but unfortunately I have no specimens by me now. 3° SrELErO TUBERCULATUS, (Gray) Cas vp. Lom). Pl. I, fig. 3. Upper view of the anterior part of the body. This well known species is readily distinguished from the last by the much smaller size of the enlarged scales on the back, which are in from 13 to 17 longitudinal series in the middle of it ; on the middle of the neck the scales are not at all enlarged, but there is a low, often minute, nuchal crest present. The structure of the head-shields is in both species very similar, but they are always less distinctly keeled in S¢. twberculatus, sometimes nearly, and above the eyes always, smooth; the enlarged row of scales below the eye is well marked ; the nasal sometimes touches the rostral and first labial, but more generally it is separated from them by smaller shields; the enlarged spiny scales on the side of the neck are less prominent in this, than in the former species ; the scales of the belly are proportionately smaller, in 48—54 transverse series ; the enlarged scales at the sides are generally few, occasion- ally arranged in transverse rows, but sometimes they are nearly entirely absent ; rarely, in male specimens, are these spines nearly as numerous and irregularly distributed, as in the former species. The patch of enlarged callous scales on the middle of the belly is much more often present, than in Dayanus. The fore- limb, when laid backward, generally does not reach the groin, but occasionally it does so; the hind-limb, when laid forward, usually reaches the tympanum, sometimes the eye, rarely the front edge of the eye, but I have not seen one specimen in which it extends to the rostral shield. The largest specimen’ I measured is 133 inches, of which the body is very nearly 5, and the tail 82 inches. On the whole, both the limbs and the tail are somewhat shorter in the present species than in the former. There is also a difference in coloration. Young and adult specimens are above on body and limbs of a dark olive brown or almost blackish colour, with numerous darker spots in the young, indistinct in the adult, and inter- mixed with yellowish spots, these being fewer, but often larger than in Daya- nus ; occasionally they are entirely absent. The head in the adult is above cinereous olive, spotted black and yellowish at the side ; in front of the shoulder, on the breast, and also at the sides of the body, there are often numerous bright yellow or orange spots present. Lower side uniform dull white in young, generally spotted with dusky on the throat. In adults the throat becomes 116 FE. Stohczka—On Indian Lizards. - [ No. 1, more or less spotted and tinged with reddish blue, extending partially on the chest, and in adult males the whole of the under side, including the lower side of the limbs, is bluish black, brightest and strongly tinged with purple on the throat, the same tinge extending on the neck, the shoulders and sides of the belly. An adult male is really a gorgeously coloured lizard. The usual habitat is between large rocks on bare or open slopes of hills. Hab.—1 have received numerous specimens of this species from Kamaon (near Almorah) through Mr. A. W. Lawder; from Kangra and Dalhousie through Dr. Day, and from Mari through Mr. A. B. Wynne. About Simla, in Kulu, all through Chamba, Kishtwdér and in Kashmir, I have in former years collected this species largely, it ranges up to 12,000 feet, and if the Spiti form is the same species, I have observed it up to nearly 14,000 feet. There can be no doubt about Blyth’s S¢. indicus being the same as *uber- culatus, but whether the species really occurs in the plains near Mirzapur and Wuzirabad, I have not as yet been able to ascertain. TIARIS SUBCRISTATA, Blyth. In addition to my description of this Andaman and Nicobar lizard i J. A.S. B., vol. xxxix, p. 180, I have to note the following—The number of scales round the body varies between 90 anda little above 100, 18-22 scales being on the ventralside. The two groups of enlarged, or rather often only more pointed, scales on the upper side of the occiput usually exist only m old males. The subcaudals are slightly larger than the scales above and at the sides of the tail, the latter beg more distinctly imbricate. The fore-limb when laid backward occasionally reaches as far as the anus, and the hind- limb when laid forward exceeds the tip of snout by one-third the length of the fourth toe. As regards coloration I may add, that there is occasionally a distinct yellowish band present, extending from the occiput along each side of the middle of the back, on the lower side margined blackish. The two yellow bands form an’ outward angle opposite each femur and then unite into one, a short distance beyond the base of the tail, and are accompanied on either side by a series of large blackish spots. Extremities spotted or indistinctly _ barred with brown and yellowish white. (To be continued.) JOURNAL OF THE mera lit. SOCIETY. ——f-— Part I1.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE. eee No. II].—1872. TN NorEes ON VARIOUS NEW OR LITTLE KNowN InpIAN Lizarps,— by Dr. F. StontezKa. [Continued from p. 116. ] Fam. SCINCIDZE. Genus. HUPREPES, Wagler, (as rest. by Gunther). Huprepes [Tirigua] mMacunartius, Blyth. Pl. V, fig. 1, upper view of the anterior part of the body; la, side view of the head; natural size. See Blanford in Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870, xxxix, pt. II, p. 358, and Anderson in Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 157. This species is readily distinguished from H. carimatus by proportionately shorter and stouter limbs, and by a somewhat shorter head. As a rule the scales are in full grown specimens seven-carinate, the middle carina being separated from the adjoming by a somewhat deeper and wider sulcus, than exists between the other ridges. In Sub-Himalayan specimens this is particularly well marked. Blanford reported the occurrence of the species in various parts of Central India. The Indian Museum received specimens from Cachar and Asam, reported upon by Dr. Anderson. I obtained some on the Parisnath hill, exactly identical in the small size and uniform coloration with those noted by Blanford. There are only a few whitish spots at the side of the neck and the dusky colour of the sides of the belly gradually passes below into the white one. Specimens sent by Dr. Day from the Sone river in Birbhtim 16 118 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 2, have no dark spots on the back, but numerous white spots at the side of the belly. The stripes at the side of the tail are in Central Indian specimens, and in those from W. Bengal, and also from northwards near Hardwar, very thin and often rather indistinct. Young specimens have 5, old ones 7 keels on each scale. Sikkim specimens fromthe Rungnu valley, (one of whichattains the large size of 63 inches, of which tail is 38, and has 30 longitudinal and about 28 transverse rows of scales between the fore and hind-limb), generally have two or four rows of brown spots along the back, the spots becoming some- what irregular and more prolonged on the posterior body; sides with blackish and more or less numerous white spots, the black spots inclining to form longitudinal series ; sides of the tail very distinctly streaked with brown and white, but when the terminal half, or third, of the tail is renewed, it is uniform. In Sikkim I only saw the species in the lower valleys, up to about 3,000 feet, but generally at lower elevations, and by no means common. Asdmese specimens do not differ in any particular from the Sikkim ones, and similarly coloured varieties were also collected by Dr. Day at Rurki, only the specimens are smaller, and the white spots at the side of the body fewer, and somewhat indistinct. The species also occurs in the neighbourhood of Calcutta, where I obtained three specimens during the last winter (1860 to 1871). Hach of these has on the back two distant, almost continuous rows of brownish black spots, and the brown colour between these rows is darker than that between them and the respective edges of the back. On the hind part of the body, the spots become broken up and finally disappear. The sides are either distinctly spotted, with white asin Darjiling specimens, or they are more uniform dusky ; the tail is on the anterior half always longitudinally streaked with brown, intermixed with white.. The lower side is uniform whitish, with the edge between each two scales slightly darker, forming the longitudinal “ obscure dark striz,’ to which Jerdon alluded in his note J. A.S. B. xxii, p. 479. Some of the specimens obtained at Pankabari, on the northern edge of the Sikim Terrai, agree in coloration with those from Calcutta, having the middle back darker brown than the sides of it, while others again have as many as eight longitudinal, more or less contimuous, black bands along the back. Pegu specimens do not differ from those from Asim and Darjiling, and I suspect that Theobald’s Burmese species, identified by him with Kuhl’s £. multicarinatus from the Philippines, is the same as Blyth’s macularius, but the two are by no means identical, as suggested by Theo- bald, (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. x, p. 26). In comparing specimens from various localities, it struck me that the hill forms generally have stouter legs and shorter toes than specimens found in low country. E. macularius appears, at least partially, to replace ZL. carinatus in Cen- tral India, but not apparently in South India ; it is, however, in all the locali- 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indien Lizards. 119 ties East of the Hooghly much rarer, than the latter species. There are evidently two distinct races: a smaller and almost uniform coloured va- riety, occurring all through the Central Provinces and extending northwards to the base of the hills at Hardwar, and westward probably into southern Panjab; and a larger, and generally striped, variety, occurring eastwards all through Bengal, Asim and extending into Pegu. Beddome (Madras Journ. Med. Sc. for 1871) appears to question the distinctness of macularius from carinatus (= rufescens), but there can, I believe, be no doubt on that pomt. Whether his 5-keeled specimens are cartnatus, and the 7-keeled ones true macularius, must be decided on a re-exa- mination of his specimens. Both species often occur together. Evprepss [Trrrgua] carinatus, Schneider. Colour above brown or olive brown, with or without dark edgings to the scales, a pale band on the edges of the back ; upper half of sides blackish with or without white spots, lower half pale, a short pale streak from ear to shoulder ; below whitish, tinged with orange or red in males during breeding season, particularly at the sides of the belly. This is the usual colouration in specimens from Bengal, Central Provinces, Dakhin (at Pina) and Bombay. (Comp. Ginther, I. R., p. 79 and Blanford, J. A. S. B., 1870, xxxix, pt. ui, p- 856). Specimens from Burma and the Malayan Archipelago are very similarly coloured (see J. A. S. B., xxxix, pt. 1, p. 169). Bengal specimens, of which I examined a very large number, have quite as often 5 as 3 keels on the scales, those from the Dakhin (Dekhan) and Bombay are mostly only three-keeled. As a rule there are 32 longitudinal rows of scales round the middle of the body in full grown specimens, in younger ones often 80, very rarely only 28. Hurreres [Tinigua] TRIviTTaTUS, Gray. Gray, Ind. Zool.—Jerdon, J. A. S. B., xxii, p. 478.—Theobald, Cat. Rept. Asiat. S. B., p. 24.—Blanford, J. A, S. B., xxxix, pt. ii, p. 357.—Anderson, Proc. Z. S., 1871, p. 158. This is undoubtedly a species distinct from Tiliqua earinata, and in part combining the characters of the latter, and of Z. monticola which it con- siderably resembles in coloration. I received two specimens from Pina (in the Dakhin,=Dekhan) through my collector. ‘They are both young, only 4% inches long, but when compared with equally large specimens of carinata, the head is, as stated by Jerdon, shorter and somewhat higher, the rostral is flattened above, the supranasals form a distinct suture, frontals proportionately smaller, (the anterior in one specimen obliquely divided in two shields), posterior frontals form a suture, the vertical is longer and posteriorly narrower, than in any specimens of 7. carinata I saw. The other shields of the head do not dif- fer. Edge of ear in front with 3 or 4 small, pointed, subequal lobules. Scales 120 F. Stoliezka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 2, round the middle of the body in 36 longitudinal series, and in 40-42* trans- verse series between fore and hind-limb ; each scale with 3+ median well defined keels, two others at the sides being only occasionally indicated. Colour, above, olive brown, with three narrow, equidistant, greenish white bands, margined with blackish brown, and with one on each side of the body, passing through the ear ; all five bands continue on the tail, but are less dis- tinct; shields of head margined with dark; edge of eyelids yellow; feet above brown. Below, uniform yellowish white, tinged with fleshy posteriorly. The head and body together are proportionately shorter than in the preceding species : T. trwittata. T. carinata from Matheran. Total length, 4°25 4:5 inches Body, 1°85 135 =, Head alone, 0°85 090 =, Tail, 25 nearly 3° i) Fore-limb including claw, 06 0°6 ip Hind-limb, 075 0-85 =, Girth round the middle of body, elt 0:95 =, Evprreres Monticona, (I. R., p. 80). This species has been found by Mr. Wood-Mason at Sahibgunj on the Ganges, and I obtained it also at Jabbalpur in the Central Provinces ; in both cases in the plains. The specimens exactly agree in structure with Gimther’s figure and description, but there usually is on each scale (particularly towards the edges of the back) a third median keel, between the two more distinct ones, traceable. Scales in 35 or 36 longitudinal series round the middle of the body, and in 34-40 transverse ones between the limbs. ‘The lower eyelid has a distinct transparent simple disc, a character not noticed by Giinther. Colour, above and on the upper half of the sides greenish brown, with numerous black spots, sometimes inclined to arrange themselves in transverse series, a yellowish white band on each side and in the middle of the back, about one scale broad, but generally running along the sutures of two rows ; sides greenish, spotted with pure white, their lower halves more or less tinged with black and white, and sometimes with an indistinct white band between the limbs, appearing better marked at the side of the tail; a yellowish black- edged streak below the eye, continued to near the ear, the frontal denticula- tions of which are yellow; edges of eyelids bright yellow. Below, uniform yellowish white. I very much doubt that this is an inhabitant of the highlands of Sikkim, and Schlagintweit’s specimens were most likely obtained in a low valley of that province, at 1000 or 2000 feet elevation, but not at 8000 feet, though probably preserved and ticketed in a comfortable station at that height ; or * 49 rows in adult, loc. cit. + 5 keels are recorded in an adult, loc. cit. 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 121 else those gentlemen’s barometers must have been, as usually in similar cases, out of order. What Theobald quotes as Ziliqua monticola in Cat. Rept. Asiat. Soe. Mus., p. 24, is not this species, but to all appearance Huprepes olivaceus ; there are three very slight keels on the dorsal scales, 30 longitudinal series round the body, and about 34 between fore and hind-limb; anterior frontal in contact with rostral, but separated from vertical by a short suture of the posterior frontals. Uniform olivaceous above, paler below. Eumeces, Prestropon, Hinvuiia, RistELLA and allied genera. T adopt the name Hinulia as originally proposed by Gray. The name Huwmeces cannot any longer be retained for the species which are referred to it in Giinther’s ‘ Reptiles of Brit. India’. Already in J. A. S. B., vol. xxxix, p. 174, I have drawn attention to Dr. Peters’ observation, that Wiegmann’s name Hwmeces had been proposed for Geoffroy’s Scineus pavimen- tatus = Se. auratus, Schneid., == Scincus Schneideri, Geoft., = Plestiodon Al- drovandi, Dum. and Bib. &e. Therefore, Plestiodon is to be considered as jdentical with Hwmeces, which is the oldest name. The only as yet known representative, we have of this restricted type of Lizards in India, is Blyth’s Hurylepis from the Panjab, which province has to a large extent an admix- ture of African forms in its fauna (Comp. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxiii, p. 739). Blyth, when describing Hurylepis, correctly refers to the figure of Se. pavimentatus in the ‘ Descr. de ?Egypt’., but he was not aware that the species is identical with Se. Schneidert, and that it is the type of Eumeces.* There does not appear to be a difference between Hurylepis and * Dr. Anderson (Proc. Asiat. Soc. B., for Sept. 1871) suggests that Fitzinger’s name Mabouia, (or rather Mabuya, as invariably written by Fitzinger), should replace Eumeces. I do not think that there is sufficient reason for this. Fitzinger, when sugges- ting the name Mabuya in 1826, (in Verz. Rept. p. 23), certainly says that the lizard possesses palatine teeth, and the author places the genus in opposition to Gray’s Tiliqua which, he says, does not have palatine teeth. But Gray’s old genus Tiliqua includes a vast number of Scincs with and without palatine teeth. Moreover, Fitzinger, when giving in the same work (p. 52) a list of the species of Mabuya, quotes as the first species Scincus quinque-carinatus, Kuhl, as the second Se. carinatus, Daudin, as the 12th Sc. agilis, Radde, and as one of the last Sc. ocellatus, Daudin, the Mabouwya par ewcellence of old author’s ; but neither for the first nor for the last species has Fitzinger’s name Mabuya been retained. When writing his Syst. Rept, published in 1843, Fitzinger was perfectly well aware of this confusion, and dropped the name Mabuya altogether, most likely because it had not been accepted by Dum. and Bibron. He quotes (I. cit.) Lacepede’s ‘*‘ Mabouya’’ (Sc. ocellatus, Daud.) as the type of Wiegmann’s Gongylus, and distributes the other species which he formerly referred to Mabwya into about half a dozen genera, In 1845 Gray wished to rescue Fitzinger’s name, (more correctly written in the form of Mabouya), retaining it for Radde’s Sc. agilis as type, and only in this signification can, I believe, the name Mabouya find a place in our literature, if we wish to avoid a greater confusion than already exists. + Compare Anderson in Proc. A. S. B., Sept. 1871. 122 F. Stoliezka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 2, Ewmeces. The dorsal scales of pavimentatus are often very irregular in their size, and enlarged, as are also those of Blyth’s species. The Indian and Malayan species, referred by Gimther in his ‘ Reptiles of India’ to Humeces, are arranged by the same author under two groups. One includes Hinulia, Mocoa, and Podophis, the other Mabouya (type Se. agilis, Radde) and Riopa, to which Senira has to be added, if Mr. Theobald is cor- rect in identifying a lizard from Rangtin with Senira bicolor of Gray (Linn. Soc. Jour., Zool., x, p. 27). Whether the three first named should be consi- dered only as subgenera of Lygosoma, Gray, as adopted by several contin- ental herpetologists, or whether they should be retained as distinct genera, is for the present not of very material importance. I can only say that the Indian species of Hinulia and Mocoa are fairly divisible, and the same is the case with Mabouya and Riopa. All have the palatal notch situated far backward and the palate itself toothless, but this is a very general character, and equally applies to Hagria, Ristella and several other well distinguishable genera. Of Hinulia there are as yet only three species known from British India, and as they had been rather misunderstood, I shall give a figure of the head and of the sole of the hind foot of each, shewing the characterstic distinctions between them. -H. indica is as yet only known from Sikkim and the adjoining hills; H. maculata occurs throughout Bengal and Barma; H. Dussumieri is from the Malabar coast. Of Mabouwya and Podophis 1 do not know a single species which occurs within the limits of British India, as now understood (excluding Penang). Of JMocoa and Riopa, the species are numerous and mostly of small size. Hinvnia rnpica, Gray. Pj. iv. fig. 1, la, side and upper views of the head, natural size; 10, sole of left hind limb, twice the natural size. Eumeces indicus apud Giinther, I, R., p. 89, exclusive of the synonyms quoted under Lygosoma and Mocoa.—H. imdicus, apud Anderson in Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 158 (in part). The general structure of scales is as described by Giinther. The number of longitudinal rows is usually 36 or 388; there are 60-70 transverse rows at the side of the body between fore and hind limb, but there are only 46-55 scales in a row at the edge of the vent between axil and loin. The fore foot, when laid forward, scarcely ever reaches the snout, but it usually extends in front beyond the eye. The four supraciliaries are followed by two small shields ; ear opening large, without any denticulations in front. The usual coloration is as originally described by Gray. Upper side brown, generally bronze, rarely with an olive tinge, uniform, or with a few 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 123 scattered dark spots; limbs above almost uniform brown; sides towards the back with a dark brown or blackish band, separated from the back by an indistinct, partially interrupted, narrow, white band; on the lower half of the sides the colour gradually passes into dull brown, more or less spotted or marbled with paler, which markings are generally also traceable in the dark band ; sides of tail greyish brown with an upper dark edge, and marked with darker and paler small spots, or indistinct stripes. Below, uniform green- ish iridescent white ; limbs and tail of a pale fleshy brown colour during life. This is a much larger species than any of the two following, but it is by no means common in Sikkim. I found it from the base of the valleys up to about 6,000 feet, and also received it from the Bhutan hills. It very likely extends eastwards into Asam. The young specimen referred to by Dr. Anderson (1. cit.) under the head of Hw. indicus belongs to the next species; and judging from the description of the coloration in Ginther’s I. R. (1. cit.), it appears probable, that specimens of the next species were also referred to this one as young. There can, however, be no mistake about the distinctness of the two. A. in- dica, as compared with H. maculata, is a much stouter and larger form, with comparatively larger scales, arranged in a smaller number of transverse rows between fore and hind limb; the former has 10 rows of scales on the back between the dark bands, the latter only 8; in indica the rostral, anterior frontal, and the supraorbitals are slightly convex, the interspace between the latter moderately wide, the preanal shields comparatively small; the palm and sole entirely covered with spinous tubercles, with some larger ones on the posterior edge of the sole. In A. maculata on the contrary the rostral reach- es far backwards, is flat or almost concave above, the anterior frontal is also flat, the supraorbitals tumid with a very narrow space between them, and the palm and sole are only partially tubercular. There is also a difference in coloration ; the lateral band at the side in dica is never very distinct, and is not margined below by a white line, which is always well marked in ma- culata. In six specimens examined the length of the body varies between 3 and 38.75 inches, the tail being, when in its natural growth, about twice that length, but often it is reproduced and then about equal in length to the body. Hauyvria mMacurata, Blyth. Pl. iv, fig. 2, 2a, side and upper views of the head, natural size, 2b, sole of hind limb, twice the natural size. Comp. Stoliczka, in Journ. Asiat. Sc. B., xxxix. 1870, p. 174. The 5th and part of the 6th labial are below the orbit, both are nearly equal in size ; the median pair of the enlarged preanals is sometimes (though 124 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [ No. 2, rarely) united into one large shield. The hand has no tubercles on the extreme inner edge, and the sole is only partially tubercular, being generally smooth all along the bases of the 3rd and 4th toes; there are 17-22 sharp tubercles on the 4th free toe. I have examined specimens from the Andamans,* Moulmein, various parts of Pegu, Asam, Sikkim and from the Parisnath hill in W. Bengal. The Moulmein specimens are the largest, attaining 7 inches; next come those from Asam and the base of the Sikkim hills, just above the Terrai at Pankabari; specimens collected at greater elevations, as for instance those about Darjiling (7-8000 feet) very rarely appear to attain 6 inches in length, and on the Parisnath I did not get Gn April) a single specimen above 5 inches. All from the latter locality are, above, distinctly bronze brown, while those from the Himalayas are generally somewhat olivaceous or, when young, with greenish metallic lustre ; they also often have the back much spotted with blackish, and the sutures between the head shields are more or less black, but in every point of structure the two forms are identical. In all the specimens, I saw, the fore foot when laid forward, reached beyond the eye, but never to the front of the rostral. The fifth or last supraciliary is the smallest, but rarely united with the fourth, which is then followed by one or two small shields. The number of transverse rows of scales on the side of the body between fore and hind limb varies from 80 to 95, but the number of scales in one row at the edge of the belly is only about 60. Hiyvi1a Dussumiertr, Dum. and Bib. Pl. iv, fig. 3, 3a, side and upper views of the head ; 3b, sole of left hind limb. Lygosoma Dussunverti, D. and B., Erpet. Gen., v, p. 725. Eumeces Dussunvieri, apud Beddome, Madras Journ. Med. Sc. for 1870. I am indebted for a specimen of this very rare speciest to Major Beddome, who obtained it in Malabar, where also the original specimens have been procured by Mr. Dussumier. As the species is rare, a slightly verbal altera- tion of Major Beddome’s description may not be out of place. Head conical, depressed above; body high, roundly subquadrangular ; tail much longer than the body, gradually tapering to a point. ‘The fore leg, when laid forward reaches to the tip of the snout, and the hind leg ex- * One ofthe two specimens, noted by Theobald in Cat. Rept. Asiat. Soc. Museum, 1868, p. 25 (letter 6.) as coming from the Andamansis an Hwprepes which, if not identical with Steindachner’s H. macrotis, from the Nicobars, belongs to a new species. Scales in 30 longitudinal series, each sharply three-keeled; supranasals not quite in oontact, frontal forms a broad suture with vertical, occipitals as usually distributed ; lower eyelid scaly, but the scales are rather larger in the middle ; greenish olive above; ear large with scarcely any projecting denticles in front ; sides blackish, below white. + In the specimen described by Major Beddome the first and second supra- orbitals appear to have been united. 1872. | F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 125 tends with half of the fourth toe beyond the shoulder. Rostral large, reaching far backward, and flat above; anterior frontal above broadly truncate, but very narrowly behind, the two posterior frontals nearly meeting ; vertical very narrowly in contact with the anterior frontal, and much contracted and elon- gated posteriorly ; supraorbitals 5, much swollen, the last followed below by two small shields ; interorbital space very narrow ; a pair of anterior occipitals, narrowed in front, broad behind ; median occipital obtusely pointed in front, acutely behind, and in size subequal to one of the anterior occipitals ; posterior occipitals larger, meeting behind with a narrow suture, in front in contact with the anterior occipital, the fifth supraorbital, and a small shield following it ; shields on the side of the head regular; 8 upper and 7 lower labials, the last very small ; first chin-shield single, second in a pair, forming asuture, follow- ed by 3 other separate and widely diverging pairs ; opening of the ear a long vertical slit, not denticulate in front; 40-42 longitudinal rows of scales round the middle of the body, those on the sides considerably smaller than on the belly ;* about 76 transverse series on the side between fore and hind- limb, but only 66 on the edge of the belly; preanal scales moderately enlarged ; of the subcaudals there are very few in front enlarged, but near the middle and posteriorly all ; paim nearly entirely covered with tubercles, sole only at the bases of the 1st and 5th toes, and on the posterior edge, the re- mainder being smooth ; about 23 sharpened tubercles under the free portion of the fourth toe. Colowr, above, fulvous, tinged olive in front and reddish posteriorly, with two longitudinal, submarginal, black bands, partially or entirely broken up into spots and becoming obsolete on the tail, which is red ; along the edges of the back runs a metallic greenish white line, originating on the supraciliary edge; it is most distinct on the neck, but gradually disappears on the tail. A pure black band originates at the nasal, continues through the eye along the upper side of the body, and on the tail, disappearing towards its termina- tion ; the black band is bordered below by a narrower white band, which ori- ginates below the eye, passes through the lower part of the ear to the loin, and is below, particularly at the side of the vent, again bordered with black. Legs above olive brown with darker marblings and indistinct fulvous spots ; tips of toes dark. Below, uniform greenish iridescent. white ; tail red. Total length 4.75 inches, body 1.87, tail 2.87 inch. In general structure of the scales, the flattened upper rostral, tumid supraorbitals, narrow vertical, imperfectly tubercular soles, and in general style of coloration, the Malabar form agrees with the Bengal maculata, but the limbs are longer in proportion, and the details of coloration considerably different. The black band is at the side of the body broader, and the white one, bordering it below, originates in the present species below the eye and passes through the lower anele of the opening of the ear, while in maculata it begins almost behind the eye and * Thisis also the case in H, maculata, 17 126 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 2, passes through the upper edge of the ear; the number of longitudinal rows of scales also appears to be slightly larger in the present species. Mocoa Srxximensis, Blyth. Pl. v, figs. 2, 2a, side and upper views of the head; tliree times the natural size. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1854, xxii, p. 652. Body slender, head short, obtuse and rather flattened above; no supranasals ; lower eyelid with a transparent disk in the middle. Shields of the head regular, anterior frontal in contact with the rostral and vertical, which is much attenuated posteriorly ; posterior frontals small, and not in contact, unless exceptionally ; 4 supraciliaries; posterior pair of occipitals about twice the size of the anterior, middle shield small, shaped like the vertical, but shorter; 3 to 4 pairs of elongate transverse shields behind the oc- cipitals ; 2 loreals and 2 pre-oculars, each pair sometimes united into one vertically, or horizontally, elongated shield; 7 upper labials followed by two smaller shields, the 5th under the orbit, but not much elongated ; 8 lower labials, the last smallest ; anterior chin-shields enlarged ; ear small rounded, generally with 2 or 3 small projecting shields on the front-, and a few still smaller lobules on the hinder, edge. Scales generally in 24 longitudinal series, and in 46 transverse series between fore and hind-limb ; these numbers vary very little ; young specimens have occasionally only 44, but the largest never appear to have more than 48, transverse series. A pair of large preanals. Subcaudals also enlarged, except the first few. The fore foot reaches to the anterior angle of the orbit, when laid forward, and the hind foot is three fifth the distance between fore and hind-lmb. Palm and sole tubercular ; fourth finger barely longer than the third ; fourth toe nearly a quarter longer than the third. . Colowr, above, bronze brown, (sometimes with an olive tinge and a metallic lustre during life,) uniform, or with three to five irregular series of small dark brown dots, the centre ones often arranged into dark lines ; sides darker, near the back more or less blackish brown, commencing with a dark band at the rostral shield. Above, at the edges of the back, the black is margined by a somewhat indistinct pale line or band, occasionally dissolved into more or less confluent white spots ; below, there is also an indistinct pale, undulating, band, passing from the ear to near the loin; the upper portion of the sides is less, the lower more numerously, spotted with white; the brown, as well as the somewhat indistinct whitish, spots extend on to the sides of the tail. Upper iabials whitish, spotted with brown. Chin uniform greenish white in young, spotted with greenish dusky in older specimens. Vent below greenish white, on the posterior part, but especially between the femora and below the tail, reddish, this colour bemg more or less bright according to sex and season. The brown spots on the back are very variable, both in number and distinct- 2 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 127 ness. Young specimens generally have a distinct greenish metallic tinge on the whole body. Largest specimen measures 5.25 inches, of which the body is 2”, or a little less ; some specimens have a stouter tail than others. . Hiab. Sikkim, ‘at elevations of from 3,000 to 10,000 feet; generally found between large stones in places exposed to the sun. Jerdon* says that Ginther’s Huwmeces Himalayanust is identical with Sikkimensis, which latter Giinther quoted as doubtfully belonging to Hinulia wndica.t Dr. Anderson (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 158) also says, that the Sik- lim form “ agrees in its transparent eyelid and all its other details with Giin- ther’s Hum. himalayanus ;” he has, however, I believe,never seen an example of the true Iocoa Himalayana of Giinther. I have specimens of the latter from Simla and the hills to the West, and I find that although they closely resemble Stkkimensis, they are nearly as well distinguishable, as are Hin. indica and maculata. Among five specimens of Himalayana only one has 26 longitudi- nal rows of scales, the four other specimens have each 28 longitudinal rows ; there are 48 to 50 transverse rows between fore and hind-limb, but only 42 to 44 scales in a row along the edge of the belly. On the back there are, as in Sikkimensis, only 4 longitudinal rows, but at the sides and below the scales of Himalayana are decidedly smaller. Other differences are: the limbs, though not longer than in Sikkinensis, are in Himalayana somewhat more slender, the transparent disk on the eyelid is larger, the ear-opening is also larger and with much more distinct lobules in front, the posterior frontals are more developed, almost meeting the anterior frontal and the vertical in a point, as stated by Dr. Giinther, while in Svkkimensis the two posterior frontals always remain well separated. The colour of Himalayana is, as described by Giinther, above, greenish olive (not bronze brown, or only tinged with olive, as in Sikkimensis), with a few interrupted series of dark and whitish dots ; a blackish band commences at the nasal and continues through the eye along the upper side of the body to near the tip of the tail, it is either uniform or with a few white spots, and on the tail it becomes generally less distinct. At the edge of the back the black band is margined by a white line, (most distinct on the neck), and below by a much broader white band, commencing at the lower edge of the orbit and ter- minating at the hind limb. Below this white band the sides are mottled or speckled with dark. The lower surface is uniform greenish white ; tail reddish below (seasonal). All this strongly contrasts with specimens of S7A/kimensis of which I collected a very large number of specimens in Sikkim. I do not wish to say that the two forms may not be shown to represent mere varieties of * Proc. Asiat. Soc. for February 1870, p. 73. + Reptiles of India, p. 86. { Ibidem, p. 89. 128 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 2 one type species, but unless direct transitions, or transmutations, from one form into the other had been proved by observations, we have no right to ignore the distinctions which had been pointed out, and which do in reality exist. I, Sikkimensis appears to be, however, more closely related to Mocoa Schlegelu, Ginther (1. ¢., p. 86), which also has been described from a Sik- kim specimen. In size, form and general structure there does not appear to be a great difference between the two; the number of longitudinal rows of scales round the body is given as 25, and that between the axil and groin as 35, the latter number is, however, too small for Stkkumensis. The colour of Schlegel is said to be black above, blackish below, which I certainly never observed among a few hundreds of Sikkumensis. Mocoa sacRA, n. sp.* Pl. iv, fig. 4, side view of the animal, natural size; 4a, 4b, 4c, upper, side, and lower views of the head and neck, enlarged. Habit slender, head somewhat depressed, obtuse in front, body shorter than the tail, the latter gradually tapering to a point. No supranasals, eyelid with a perfectly transparent disc; scales in 22 longitudinal series round the middle of the body, and in 40 transverse series between fore and hind-lmb. Head shields regular, like in Stkkimensis, but the postnasal scarcely reaches the top of head, and the fifth upper labial is comparatively longer than in that species. A few enlarged scales behind the occipitals. Subcaudals single, enlarged, except the two first pairs. A pair of large preanals. Har in front denticulated with three equal lobules. Total length 3.37 inches of which the tail is 2” ; feet slender ; the fore foot reaches to the middle of the eye, when laid forward, the 3rd and 4th fingers are equal or subequal; the hind foot is two-third the distance between fore and hind limb, or half that between the latter and the ear; the 4th toe is slightly longer than the 3rd. Above, light iridescent bronze brown, with a few dark brown spots scattered on the head and body, each of these dark spots bemg accompanied by an indistinct pale spot, on both, or only on one side ; a narrow black band from the rostral through the eye, passing above the ear and becoming indistinct on the sides of the belly ; a white band below the black, best marked through the ear and above the fore foot, but becoming also indistinct on the belly where a few whitish spots separate the lower light from the upper darker parts; labials somewhat spotted with dark; chin white; breast and belly, below, greenish iridescent white ; femoral region and tail below pale vermilion, that colour passing also on the sides of the taal, where only a few indistinct pale spots exist. This species is very closely allied to Sikkimensis, differing from it by its more slender and comparatively longer hind feet, smaller number of * See Proc. A, S. B., September 1871, p. 195. 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 129 longitudinal rows of scales, those on the vent being decidedly more trans- versely elongated, than in the Himalayan form ; further in the more elongated 5th upper labial, few enlarged shields behind the occipitals, and by the subeaudals being enlarged almost from the beginning. ‘There is also a slight difference in coloration. Hab. Parisnath hillim West Bengal. The only specimen was obtained near one of the Jain shrines on the top of the hill. Risrecia, Gray. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. I, 1839, p. 333, Cat. Lizards B. M., 1845, pp. 71 and 85. Body and tail elongate, subcylindrical ; limbs four, feeble, anterior with 4, posterior with 5 toes, thumb and inner toe shortest ; all toes provided with retractile claws, lying between two terminal enlarged shields; head shields regular ; nostril in a single lateral shield ; supranasals none; lower eyelid scaly ; ear opening small; scales of body keeled or nearly smooth ; gape situated far backward ; palate toothless ; teeth of the jaws small, equal, numerous, compressed. This generic character has been derived from a specimen, kindly sent to me by Major Beddome ; it belongs, I believe, to a genus which was originally established by Gray for a North Indian specimen, Ristella Rurkii (1. cit. p. 86), but the species appears to be different; at least it is impossible to identify both from the short description given of A. ARwrkii, and it is not noted in Giinther’s Reptiles of India. The 4 anterior toes and the retractile claws are important distinctions of the genus which must be classed next to Heteropus. RistTELLA TRAVANCORICA* Beddome. Ateuchosawrus Travancoricus, Beddome, Madras Journ. Med, Sc., 1870, p. 33. Pl, iv, fig. 5, upper view of the animal, natural size ; 5a, 5b, 5c, upper, side and lower views of the head, enlarged; 5d, inner view of hand with the claws retracted, 5e, sole with the claws drawn out. Body very elongate, subcylindrical, but somewhat depressed ; muzzle short, obtuse, tail considerably longer than the body and very gradually tapering. Rostral convex in front, reaching to the upper surface of the head ; one large prefrontal, two small posterior frontals, widely separated ; the vertical forms a broad suture with anti-frontal and is posteriorly much elongate ; four or five supraciliaries, slightly elevated, the first shield largest, but it is sometimes divided in two, last shield smallest; five occipitals, the two anterior and the median one subequal, the posterior pair larger, and the adjoming scales are * R. malabaricus, (olim), Proc. A. 8. B., 1871, p. 195.—Since my description of this species was drawn up, I observe that Major Beddome redescribed the species, in Mad. Med. Journal for 1871, also under the name Ristella, which name I had pointed out to him. 130 F. Stoliezka On Indian Lizards. [No. 2, slightly larger than the rest on neck. Nasal shield moderate, pierced nearly in the middle by the nostril; one loreal, one preocular separated from the angle of the eye by a few minute shields; 3 or 4 small shields at the hinder angle of the eye, followed by regular scales. Upper labials 6, the eye above the 3rd and 4th ; lower labials 5, narrow but long ; lower rostral large, follow- ed by one single and 3 pairs of enlarged chin shields. Scales on neck smooth, on body slightly two-keeled, round the middle of body in 26 longitudinal rows, there being 6 rows on the back, exclusive one row on either edge; on the belly there are also 6 rows, the scales being slightly larger than those of the back ; 35 transverse rows between fore and hind limb; the two median preanal shields somewhat larger than the others ; subcaudals not very conspi- cuously enlarged, (but they are generally enlarged in this group of Scincipz when the tail has been reproduced). The fore limb, when laid forward, reaches to the angle of the mouth, and the length of the hind limb is equal to half the distance between axil and grom. ‘Total length of specimen 3.62 inches, head and body being 1.5 inches. General colour, above, dark fulvous brown, each of the scales in the 6 dorsal rows with a median black streak, forming black longitudinal lines, continued on the tail; edge of back a little more distinctly fulvous brown, sides blackish with small white spots; below, yellowish white, spotted with black on chin and throat; tail below variegated with black and yellowish white, (during life probably reddish). Hab. According to Major Beddome, common in moist jungles of the Western Ghats between 2000 and 5000 feet elevation. Riopa aneurna, Theobald. Pl. v. fig. 4, animal, natural size; 4a, 4b, 4c, top, side and lower views of the head, enlarged; 4d, upper side of hand; 4e, inner side of foot, Theobald, Journal Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. x, p. 27. Anderson, Proc, Zool, Lond. 1871, p. 159 (in part). RIOPA CYANELLA, n. sp. Pl. v, fig. 3, 8a—se, exactly corresponding figures with 4, 4a—4e. ? Riopa Bowring: apud Theobald, Linn. Soc. Journ., Zool. x, p. 26. Riopa anguima, apud Anderson, P, Z. S., p. 159, (in part). Theobold’s description of Ze. angwina is somewhat incomplete. Dr. Ander- son having kindly shown me the specimens in the Museum, I found that they belong to two distinct species, and that his description, as regards coloration at least, partly refers to anguina, partly to eyanella. In order to prevent misapprehension I give a brief description of the characters of both, and add a figure of each species. f. onguina. Body elongate, subcylindrical, slightly depressed ; head conical, rather short; supranasals in contact behind the rostral ; anterior 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. ae frontal in contact with the vertical which is rather narrow, and barely reaches beyond a straight le connecting the middle of the orbits ; four supraciliaries followed by a small shield ; anterior pair of occipitals nearly equal to,* or only shehtly larger than, the median occipital shield, the formernarrower in front, the latter attenuate behind ; posterior occipitals elongate, each being anteriorly in contact with the 4th supraciliary and the small shield following it, or sometimes it also touches an additional small shield placed obliquely behind that small posterior supraorbital ; two scales, touching on each side the posterior occipi- tals, are enlarged ; other head shields regular, as usual in iopa, (they are indicated in the figure). The upper labials are sometimes 8 instead of 7, the 8rd or 4th being occasionally divided. Lower eyelid with a large translucent shield. Har small, sometimes one or the other of the front scales slightly projects in the space. Scales in 22 longitudinal rows round the middle of the body, those on the lower side scarcely larger than those on the back ; the two median preanal shields are only very little larger than those supersed- ing them ; 65-70 transverse rows between fore and hind-limbs. Limbs very short and rather stout, with very short toes and distinct claws ; palm and sole coarsly granular. The fore limb when laid forward does not reach the ear, and is only a little longer than the lateral gape of the mouth. ‘The hind-limb equals the distance between the ear and the tip of snout, or it is a trifle longer. Colowr, above, uniform brown or greyish brown, pale at the sides, and whitish or brownish white below, the brownish or yellowish tint being especially conspicuous on the lower side of the tail. There is no lateral streak at the side of the body, but the sutures between the dorsal scales are in young specimens conspicuously darker than the rest, and form longitudinal dark Imes, which in mature specimens become indistinct, or obsolete. In some specimens there is also a transverse, submarginal, dark line to each scale. Usual size about 4 inches, of which the tail is generally somewhat less than one half. Length of head and body of the largest (figured) specimen 2.25 inches. Hab. Pegu, British Barma. feiopa cyanella. Body slender, with a conical head. Head-shields quite similar to those of the last species, but the vertical is somewhat longer and more slender ; the median occipital is conspicuously smaller than one of the anterior pair; scales adjoining the posterior occipitals moderately enlarged. Lower eyelid with a translucent large shield. Opening of the ear small, a front scale very little projecting imto the space. Scales of body in 22 longitudinal rows, 60-64 transverse rows between fore and hind limb; preanals scarcely larger than the preceding scales. Limbs of moderate * Theobald in his original description rightly places particular stress upon this character. 132 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [Nong length and slender. The fore-limb, when laid forward, nearly or fully reaches the opening of the ear, and is only a little shorter than the distance between the snout and the ear; the hind limb is less than half the distance between the axil and lom, and it barely exceeds the distance between the fore limb and the anterior angle of the eye. Colour, above, olive brown, with an iridescent blue tinge, purer brownish on the tail, pale brownish olive at the side of the body; each scale, above and at the sides, is indistinctly mottled with dark, and there are generally a few white spots on the side of the neck and about the shoulder ; a narrow white, shghtly black margined band rises from behind the orbit and continues on each side of the back ; it becomes indistinct in the middle of the body, but is again slightly more conspicuous above the hip, gradually disappearing on the tail, which is indistinctly speckled with dark brown at the sides ; limbs above with longitudinal, broken up, dark lmes ; chin and anterior neck below yellowish, vent whitish ; tail below brownish white. This description is drawn up from a specimen which was presented to the Indian Museum by Mr. W. Theobald, and is not unlikely the same which he in his Catalogue of Burmese Reptiles noticed under the name of #. Bow- ringt. The greater length of the limbs and the coloration readily distmguish this from the preceding species. Hab. Pegu; British Barma. Riopa atBorunctata, (I. R., p. 92). Pl. y, fig. 6, 6a, upper and side views of head, enlarged. Riopa Harpwicxi, (1. R., p. 92). Pl. v, fig. 5, 5a, same views as in figure 6. Riopa PuNcTATA, (1. R. p. 98). The differences in structure between these three species are very few. In the first and third the vertical and the median occipital shield are comparatively narrower and longer, than in the second. In &. albopwnctata the scales of the body are shghtly smaller and_more quadrangular, the number of longitudinal rows varies between 26 and 28, (the two numbers being almost equally common, at least in Bengal specimens), the transverse rows between fore and hind limb vary between 50-60, 56 beg the most usual number, as stated by Giinther. The fore leg reaches, when laid for- ward, to the front edge of the ear, or a little beyond it, rarely to the angle of the mouth ; the length of the hind leg is generally a little less than zth of the body, rarely exactly th. In &. Hardwicku all the scales are somewhat larger and more trans- versely elongate, the number of longitudinal rows varies between 24 and 26, both being almost equally common; the transverse rows between fore and hind limbs vary between 48 and 56, 53 being the most usual 1872.] EF. Stoliezka—On Indian Lizards. 133 number; the fore leg extends generally somewhat beyond the ear, and often as far as the angle of the mouth, but very rarely beyond it; the hind leg is generally somewhat more than one fourth the length of the body. In the form, greater or lesser thickness, and in the length of the body and of the tail, the two first mentioned species are identical, and equally variable ; both have in front of the ear two lobules, the upper of which is the larger one, while the lower becomes occasionally obsolete. Both specieg also have the shields on the preanal edge slightly larger than those above them, and both have the lower eyelid covered with enlarged shields. but in the former the centre large shield is opaque, and generally broken up in two or three smaller ones, while in the latter it always remains entire, but it is generally only in young specimens perfectly transparent. The usual size of either species is a little above 4 inches, the tail if normal being about equal to the length of the body, but often it is reproduced, becoming thinner, or thicker, and shorter, and with the subcaudals often somewhat enlarged. The coloration is generally tolerably distinct in the two species. In albopunctata of South India the back is often uniform brown; in Bengal specimens, each of the six median rows of scales of the back has a black dot, forming longitudinal lines and continuing on the tail, the extreme edges of the upper back are sometimes pale coloured, and some varieties of this type occasionally very much resemble those of Hardwicki; sideg purplish black, spotted with white ; lower side of the tail uniform white, like the vent, or more often each scale with a blackish dot. Legs above black spotted —This species extends from South India through Central India, the whole of Bengal, into N.-Eastern Asim, and westwards into Pégu. At Cal- eutta it is very common during the winter months, but I have seen extremely few specimens in the time between May and the end of the rainy season. Rk. Hardwickii is more variable in colour. The back and sides of the body are sometimes entirely purplish black ; the edges of the upper back from the nostril, and the whole of the lower side purely white, tail vermilion in young, pale brownish above, white below, in older specimens. Other specimens, particularly those from Northern India, (about Agra and northwards towards the base of the Himalayas), have the four median rows of dorsal scales each with a large blackish spot, or rather the spots are generally situated on the suture between each two scales, and the scales in the twomiddle rows have their lower margins apparently serrated ; the upper edges of the back have the usual white or yellowish bands ; the sides are above purplish black, further down paler and each scale has a black spot; white dots occur either over the entire side, or only on the anterior half, or they are restricted to the side of the neck ; vent always uniform white ; tail with a black spot to each scale, sometimes absent on the lower side, its general colour fleshy. The reddish or purplish tinge is gradually lost in spirit.—This species is found in South India,* extending * According to Blyth also in Ceylon, 18 : 134 FE. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. [No. 2, through Central India northwards as far as Rurki and Hardwar, and east- wards as far as Calcutta, but itis very rare here. I have only within the last year obtained two specimens on the western side of the Hughli river at Howrah, but do not know of any record of the species eastward of the Hughlhi, that is even in Calcutta itself. A third species which I have to notice is Linné’s 2. punctata from South India and the Dakhin (Dekhan). The structure and colour of this closely corresponds with that of albopunctata from Bengal, but the difference in size is very great, the former often attaining 12 inches. The number of scales round the body is usually 24, and those between fore and hind limb 78—84. Colour, brown above and at the sides, pale below, all seales with blackish, and the anterior half of sides with white, spots. At Matheran near Bombay (about 2,500 feet on the trappean plateau) I have met with a peculiar form, which might be looked upon as a hybrid or a transitional form, between &. albo punctata and &. Hardwicku. The form of the body, its structure, proportions of the limbs and the posteriorly narrowed vertical shield best agrees with puwnetata, as described. The largest specimen measures only 73 inches, the body being 8 inches. Of eight specimens examined, all have 26 longitudinal rows of scales, a number tolerably common in Hardwickii, but rarely to be met with in typical punctata. There are 74—80 transverse rows of scales between the limbs, agreeing with punctata. The co- louration is exactly the same asin a pale R. Hardwickw : above and at the sides more or less dark brown, a pale brown or yellowish band on each side from the snout to the base of the tail, anterior half of sides of body with white dots; below whitish ; all scales have blackish spots which sometimes become obsolete on the lower side. It is really difficult to decide to which species this particular form, which I have just noticed, should be referred. The ‘structure and form of the body agrees best with punctata, while the colouration is that of Hardwickui, and the size 1s mtermediate between both. To consider the Matheran form as an independent species, seems to me quite unnatural ; it is certainly nothing else than a local variety, and most probably the same which Jerdon notices as &. Hardwickii from the Carnatic, ‘9 inches’ long (J. A. S. B., xxui, p. 478). The question to be answered is: do we know the young punctata in all its progressive stages up to the adult ? I got the adult from Pina, and with it one younger specimen which has the general colouration of Hardwickir, the body is 2°6 inches, greater than in any known Hardwickit from the N. West or Central Provinces,tail reproduced, short, 24 longitudi- nal rows round the body, and 80 transverse rows of scales between the limbs. If we have to look upon this specimen as the young of pwnctata, what I do not doubt it really is, and take into consideration what I said about true Hardwickii and the Matheran form, the only reasonable conclusion we can draw is, that punctata and Hardwickii are actually only one species which 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Lizards. 135 attains its greatest size and development on the Ghats of South India, and eradually diminishes in size as it extends further north, and into the plains. Careful observations of the younger stages of punctata must settle this pre- sently doubtful point, but it is one of extreme interest for the study of the development of our Indian fauna. CHIAMELLA LINEATA, Gray. Gray, Cat. Lizards B. R., p 97.—Giinther, I. R., p. 95. I obtamed an adult specimen* of this very rare form near Pina (Dak- hin), on the sandy banks of the river between shrubs. Body very slender and long, muzzle moderately obtuse, head flattened above. Rostral shield broader than high, slightly reaching to the top of head. Anterior frontal large, single; posterior frontals small, separate ; vertical small, in contact with anterior frontal, angular in front, obtusely rounded (sub-eliptically) behind ; supraciliaries four ; anterior occipitals united into one obtusely triangular shield, median occipital small, pointed behind and the posterior occipitals elongate, forming a suture posteriorly. Nostrils lateral, in a single elongate shield; supranasals narrow, separated by the anterior frontal which is im contact with the rostral. Two loreals. Lower eyelid transparent. Seven upper labials, fifth largest and under the orbit ; six lower labials. Har small, with smooth edges. Scales perfectly smooth, shining, in 22 longitudinal rows round the middle of the body, and in 82-84 transverse series between the limbs ; preanals and subcaudals not perceptibly enlarged. Limbs very short, each with four toes, the inner toes on both very small, the fourth toe on the fore-limb is only a little longer than the second and sensibly shorter than the fourth; on the hind-limb the third is very little longer than the fourth. When laid forward the anterior limb does not reach the.ear, and the hind-limb is equal to one sixth the length between it and the fore-limb. Colour, above, iridescent bright golden brown, sides paler with a greenish tinge, lower side whitish; all scales with blackish median spots, forming continuous lines above, but they are slightly more interrupted at the sides and on the belly, and are least distinct on the throat; head shields marbled with dark ; edge of lips yellowish; limbs and tail similarly striped as the body. Gray’s characteristic of the genus is excellent, with the exception that the contiguity of the supranasals cannot be considerate of generic value. My specimen measures 4°3 inches, body 2° (head alone 0:2), tail 2:2, reproduced towards the tip ; fore-limb 0:2, hind-limb very nearly 0°83 inch. * The only type specimen in the British Museum is a young one, and its proper locality was unknown. 136 [No. 2, ON THE OsTEOLOGY OF TRIZNOPS PERSICUS,—by G. E. Doxnsoy, B. A., M. B., Assistant Surgeon, H. M.’s British Forces. (With plate VI.) [Received and read 6th March, 1872.] The construction of the bony skeleton shows a closer relationship with Phyllorhina than expected by me, when writing my description of the genus, founded on the typical species of which I had not then obtained a perfect skeleton. The genus is connected with Phyllorhina, principally, in the relative number and length of the bones of the fingers, supporting the wing mem- brane ; in the relative number and length of the bones of the toes; in the shape of the iliac bones ; and less markedly in the flattened form and verti- cal height of the nasal bones. In some other respects, especially in the form of the bones entering into the construction of the basis cranii, and in their foramina, its relations are more closely with &hinolophus, while it differs from both genera, not less importantly, in some peculiarities of structure to be described hereafter. T shall, therefore, in describing the bones of the skeleton compare them generally with those of the species of Phyllorhina and Rhinolophus, and particularly with those of Ph. larvata, Horsf., portions of the skeleton of which are figured in the accompanying plate for the purpose of comparison. In its general outline the skull resembles that of Phyllorhina more closely than &hinolophus, especially in the flattened form and less vertical height of the nasals, which are, however, relatively, much more developed laterally and vertically, than in the former genus. From both genera it differs remarkably in the form of the zygomata which are greatly compressed, and expanded in a vertical direction. The superior margin of the zygoma rises vertically to a height of 0-15 inch immediately in front of the posterior origin of the arch, maintaining this height for more than two-thirds its length, then suddenly narrowing to half near its connection with the maxillary ; the inferior margin is straight, and the intervening bony structure very thin and diaphanous. The zygo- mata are not curved outwards, as in Phyllorhina and Rhinolophus, and their flattened arches form straight lines with the sides of the maxille. The basis crani is much narrower than in Phyllorhina ; the basi-occipi- tal is less than half the width of that of Ph. larvata, the total lengths of the skulls being, respectively, 0°85 and 0°95 inches. The following table of dimensions shows the principal measurements of the skulls in Tr. persicus and Ph, larvata :-— 1872.] G. E. Dobson—Osteology of Trienops persicus. 137 Tr. persicus Ph. larvata inches, inches, Pxtreme lenathvoty skull ye cist. sccsna ses sos ens vee 0.85 0:95 Breadth between upper margins of zygomata, 0°30 0:50 Breadth across nasal prominences,............... 0:28 0:28 Greatest vertical height of zygoma, ............ 0-15 0-10 LEINGE OM TVET, CopsuncogromeodeHbOrnCbee AaobEE On 0-18 0:23 Length of bony palate, laterally, ........... 0:24 0:23 Width of basi-occipital between the apples... 0:04 0:10 Length of base of skull from posterior margin of palate to edge of foramen magnum, ...... 0°37 0:43 Width of the base of the skull behind poste- RIOT TOOLS Ol AV ROMAUA, (esac eatiietcn vcs wees 0°32 0°42 The auditory bwlle ossee are very large and prominent; the cochlex are deeply grooved externally by the intervals between the spiral chambers, contrasting with the smooth external surface of the much less prominent cochlez of Phyllorhina, and resembling more closely the same parts in A/i- nolophus. The par-occipital processes are long and slender, club-shaped, narrow above, expanded beneath, directed downwards and slightly forwards, termi- nating in a small, acutely pointed projection directed forwards, supporting the inferior surface of the petro-mastoid. In Phyllorhina the par-occipital processes are very short and blunt ; in Rhinolophus long and slender, direct- ed downwards and forwards, slightly thickened beneath. There is a minute precondyloid foramen on each side, and in front of, and external to it, a wide opening—having for its anterior boundaries the petro-mastoid and cochlea—the jugular foramen. ‘There is no distinct carotid foramen. In Phyllorhina larvata the precondyloid foramen is sepa- rated from the jugular opening by a considerable interval; the latter is small, circular, and occupies the angle between the petro-mastoid and cochlea. The basi-sphenoid is perforated, posteriorly, in the middle line by an oval aperture, a defect of ossification, represented in Phyllorhina by a circu- lar thinning of the roof of the basis cranii in the same situation. Between this aperture and the glenoid fossa is a circular opening, the foramen ovale, placed posterior and slightly external to the sphenoidal fissure. More pos- teriorly and externally, behind the glenoid fossa, separated from the petro- tympanic bulla by a narrow bony process, a large post-glenoid foramen exists, while immediately external to and above it the squamosal is perforated by a small venous canal directed upwards. The roof of the meso-pterygoid fossa is pierced posteriorly by two small foramina placed one on each side of the middle line, and separated by an exceedingly narrow bony lamella, and similarly in front, near the junction 138 G. E. Dobson—Osteology of Trienops persicus. [No. 2, of the basi-sphenoid with the pre-sphenoid. 'The cribriform plate is perfor- ated by two large triangular foramina separated by a narrow bony process. The pterygoid plates are greatly expanded, forming broad, acutely pointed, triangular projections directed downwards and slightly outwards, giving width to the meso-pterygoid fossa which quickly narrows as it pro- ceeds backwards, exposing the wide sphenoidal fissures. Posteriorly its roof becomes continuous with the under surface of the basis crani, as in Phyl- lorhina, its sides curve outwards, forming the posterior boundaries of the sphenoidal fissures which extend backwards as far as a line drawn between the glenoid fosse. There is no distinct foramen rotundum. In Phyllorhina the sphenoidal fissures are much narrower and shorter, terminating posteriorly at some distance in front of a line joining the glenoid fosse. They are concealed in their whole extent by the lateral walls of the meso-pterygoid fossa. The foramen rotundum is represented by a small aperture in front of, and internal to the foramen ovale which occupies the same position, relatively, as in Zrienops. ‘The post-glenoid foramen is small or absent. The meso-pterygoid fossa maintains the same width from before backwards, or 1s shghtly expanded posteriorly. About the middle its lateral walls develop small, acutely pointed, hamular processes, curved back- wards. In Rhinolophus the basi-occipital is extremely narrow between the audi- tory bulle; the foramen rotundum is united, as in Trienops, with the sphenoidal fissure which extends as far backwards as in the latter genus ; the meso-pterygoid fossa is relatively wider anteriorly than in either Phyllorhina or Trienops, and conceals the narrow sphenoidal fissures to within a short distance of its termination where its sides suddenly narrow, disclosing the sphenoidal fissures posteriorly, and slightly further backwards curving out- wards limit their posterior extent ; its roof is traversed by a narrow groove terminating posteriorly in an excavation, thus differing from both Phyllor- hina and Trienops. The bony palate extends as far back as the middle of the last molar tooth ; in Phyllorhina, it is limited by the posterior margin of the second molar. The coronoid process of the mandible is very small, and in vertical height less than the canine tooth, thus resembling Rhinolophus more than Phyllorhina; the upper margin of the articular surface is level with the summits of the molar teeth, and the ramus is pierced immediately beneath and in front of the condyle by a large circular foramen directed upwards, and slightly outwards.* * This infra-condyloid foramen of the mandible is probably unique in Tricnops, in no other genus of Riimolophide have I found it, nor, so far as I can ascertain has such a foramen been discovered in any other species of Chiroptera. 1872. ] G. E. Dobson—Osteology of Trienops persicus. 139 In Ph. larvata the coronoid process of the mandible exceeds the canine tooth considerably in vertical extent, and the upper margin of the condyle is raised above the summits of the molar teeth. The dental formula corresponds with that of Phyllorhina :— 2-2 = The upper incisors are deeply bifid, and, as in all genera of Bhinolophi- de, minute, placed near each other in the centre of the space between the canines at the extremities of rudimentary premaxille suspended in the nasal cartilages. The upper canine has a well developed, acutely pointed talon behind, in front a raised ridge extending nearly half its vertical extent and terminating in a small blunt projection. The first upper premolar is minute with a slightly concave crown, it is placed outside the tooth-row ; the last molar is considerably more developed than in Phyllorhina and resembles that of Rhinolophus, equallmg, in the antero-posterior diameter of its crown, more than three-fourths the second premolar, whilein Ph. larvata, Ph. nobilis, and other species of Phyllorhina, it is less than half. In the lower jaw the incisors are deeply bilobed; a faint indication of a third lobe is discernible with the aid of a lens, on the outer side of the outer incisor. The first premolar has the cingulum largely developed, expanded horizon- tally on all sides, and sendmg upwards, anteriorly and posteriorly a small process, so that the tooth appears, at first sight, tricuspidate. The posterior process is much more vertically extended than the anterior one. The third molar equals the second in size, contrasting with the imper- fectly developed last molar of Phyllorhina. The manubrium sterni differs remarkably from that of Ph. larvata which may be taken as characteristic of the form of this bone in Phyllorhina. The lateral processes behind the sterno-clavicular articulation are triangular and acutely pointed, contrasting with the irregularly blunt processes of Ph. larvata ; the carina is greatly developed, forming a deep, quadrilateral pro- jection arising from the entire length of the bone. The second sternal bone is provided with a deep triangular projection, the anterior margin of which is separated from the posterior margin of the carina manubrii by a wide triangular space; behind, the projecting posterior angle conceals the junc- tion of the third sternal bone. The third bone is small, narrow, and spine- like ; its posterior extremity supports a thin, semicircular cartilage. In Phyllorhina the carina manubrii is shallow, forming a slightly raised ridge for more than two-thirds its length; in the anterior third it is pro- duced into a blunt spine. The second sternal bone develops a shallow keel along its entire length; the third bone is short, expanded laterally, termina- ting in a semicircular margin.* I Jee tele nT 5 =o * This is the most usual form of the sternum in insectivorous bats. (See Blain- ville, Ostéographie). The number of bones here given is the number of separable bones distinguishable in the sternum of an adult specimen. 140 G. E. Dobson—Osteology of Trienops persicus. [No. 2, The ribs are very much flattened and separated by very narrow inter- vals. The ento-condyloid tuberosity of the humerus develops an exceedingly long styloid process, directed slightly upwards, contrasting with the similar, short, blunt process of Phyllorhina ; the ecto-condyloid tuberosity is obso- lete ; the articular surface is marked with a very deep sigmoid notch. The ulva is strongly curved backwards. The bones of the fingers exhibit nearly the same relative proportions in length as in Phyllorhina. The terminal phalanx of the third finger only is bifid at the extremity, as in Celops Frithii. From the proximal extremity of the same phalanx, close to the joint, on the under surface, and slightly to the outside, a process of bone, 0°15 inch long, arises, directed downwards, slightly forwards, and outwards. The anterior portion of the ilium develops, at right angles to its in- ferior surface, a broad quadrilateral process of bone. The antero-inferior angle of this process is connected by a narrow bony isthmus with the ileo- pectineal spine, thus bridging over the space between, and forming the in- ferior boundary of a large oval opening, larger than the obturator foramen which is placed posterior to it, and, owing to the oblique position of the iliac bones, on a somewhat lower level. The rim of the pelvis thus forms a straight line from the pubic symphysis to the antero-inferior angle of the quadrilateral process on the anterior extremity of the ilium. In Ph. larvata, and other species of Phyllorhina, the iliac bones develop very similar processes, but that rising from the antero-inferior surface of the ilium is much narrower, more of a triangular than of a quadrilateral shapes and directed downwards and slightly backwards ; its antero-inferior angle is rounded off, and does not develop any spine, as in Zrienops. In Rhinolophus the emimentia tleo-pectinea develops a long, acutely pointed spine, not connected by bone with the antero-inferior surface of the ilium. The fibula is complete as in other Rhinolophine bats. The toes are equal in length, each with two joints, as in Phyllorhina and Celops. The genera of Rhinolophide may be arranged, osteologically, under two subfamilies as follows :— Subfam. I. RHNOLOPHINE. Toes unequal ; outer toe with two, remaining toes with three joints each ; ileo-pectineal spine not connected by bone with the antero-inferior surface of the ilium. Genus. 1. Rhinolophus. Metacarpal bone of fourth finger exceeding that of second finger in 1872.] G. E. Dobson— Osteology of Trienops persicus. 141 length ; foramen rotundum united with sphenoidal fissure; roof of meso- pterygoid fossa with a longitudinal groove terminating in an excavation pos- teriorly ; basi-occipital between auditory bulle very narrow, in most species Imear ; par-occipital processes slender, produced ; antero-posterior diameter of last molar equal to more than three-fourths that of antepenultimate molar ; premolars =. Subfam. IT, PHYLLORHININ ®. Toes equal, with two joints each ; ileo-pectineal spine united by bone with a process derived from antero-inferior surface of ilium. Genus. 2. Phyllorhina. Metacarpal bone of fourth finger less than that of second finger in length ; foramen rotundum distinct; auditory bulle separated by a broad basi-occipital ; roof of mesopterygoid fossa continuous with under surface of the basis craniz, not grooved, nor perforated by foramina ; par-occipital pro- cesses short, blunt ; zygomata narrow, slightly expanded posteriorly, curved outwards ; antero-posterior diameter of last molar less than half of the antepenultimate molar ; premolars = g = Genus. 3. Trienops. Metacarpal bone of fourth finger less than that of second finger in length ; foramen rotundum united with sphenoidal fissure ; basi-occipital be- tween auditory bulle narrow, not linear ; roof of mesopterygoid fossa pierced by foramina, not grooved, continuous posteriorly with under surface of basis erant ; par-occipital processes long, slender ; zygomata greatly expanded ver- tically, not curved outwards ; last upper molar equal to three fourths of the antepenultimate molar ; mandible pierced by an infra-condyloid foramen ; pre- molars — Genus. 4. Colops.* Metacarpal bone of index finger very long, extendmg beyond the first phalanx of the second finger; metacarpal bone of fourth finger exceeding that of second finger in length ; basi-occipital broad between auditory bullee ; zygomata slender, curved outwards ; last upper molar equal to three-fourths of the antepenultimate molar ; tail very short or absent ; premolars =. Explanation of plate vi. Figs. 1-9. Trienops persicus, Dobson. 1. Side view of skull; la, base of skull; 1b, lower jaw ; all enlarged_double the natural size; 2, scapula, double size; 3, side view of thorax, showing the very prominent carina sterni, enlarged double natural size; 4, 4a, distal extremity of humerus, enlarged four times the natural size ; 5, third * Type Celops Frithii, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal. Dr. W. Peters has noted the relations of this genus with Phyllorhina. (See Monatsber, Berlin Akad., 1860, p. 644, and also for 1871). 19 142 H. H. Godwin-Austen—Khasi and Garo Hills’ Birds. [No. 2, finger showing peculiar form of terminal phalanx, enlarged double natural size; 6, proximal third of forearm, enlarged double; 7, front view of pelvis; 8, side view of pelvis, both enlarged double ; 9, tibia and fibula, enlarged double. Figs. 10-14, Phyllorhina larvata, Horsfield. 10, 10a, 10b, side and base of skull with lower jaw, all enlarged double natural size; 11, side view of thorax, double size; 12, 12a, distal extremity of humerus enlarged about three times the natural size ; 13, proximal third of forearm, enlarged double; 14, side view of Pabig and iliae bones, enlarged double. Tuirp List oF BIRDS OBTAINED IN THE Kast and Garo HitL RANGES, WITH SOME CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE FORMER LISTS,—by Masor H. H. Gopwry-Avsten, F. R. G. S., Deputy Superintendent, Topographical Survey of India. [Received 10th December, 1871. ] 93.* Micronisus badius, Gmel. Foot of Garos. 211. Chrysococcyx Hodgsoni, Moore. Garo Hills. 234. triangularis, D. 2/8, A. 2/5. Seven black edged triangular bands. Candal emarginate. Travancore hills, 182 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprimde. [No. 3, 31. Fe marmoratus, D.10, A. 7% Mottled with brown. Caudal some- what convex. Kashmir. 32. 35 Grifithii, D. 10, A.'7. Marbled with brownish black. Caudal emarginate. Assam. 33. 3 corica, D. 2/8, A. 2/5. About thirteen blotches along the side. Caudal forked. N. H. Bengal, Panjab and Assam. 34. 3 Guentheri, D. 2/8, A. 2/5. Reticulated with brown. Caudal lobed. Nilgherries. 35. ss Blythii, D. 2/7, A, 2/5. Brownish. Caudal forked. India ? 36. Bs Butanensis, D. 9, A. 7. Caudal rounded. Butdn. 37. m0 rubripinnis, D. 2/6, A. 2/5. Nine vertical bars. Caudal emargi- nate. Malabar. 38.* 5 turio, D. 8, (10 ?) A. 7. Spotted and blotched. Caudal emargi- nate. Assam. 39,* guttatus, D. 8. Dark blotches. Caudal entire. Upper Assam. 1. NemAcHEInus HyEZARDI. By 2/7 a2 Ne S Acs 2/o 560. alii. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/6 of the total length. Hyes in the commencement of the anterior half of the head. Head broad, its width equalling its length without the snout, which is rounded. No spine on the head. Barbels well developed, one pair of nasal, two pair of rostral and one pair of maxillary. ims; dorsal commences opposite to the ventrals and midway between the anterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal; upper edge of dorsal fin slightly convex ; pectoral longer than the head, and reaching three quarters of the distance to the base of the ventral. Caudal rounded. Scales, very minute. Lateral line, absent. Colours, greenish with small dark blotches. Hab.—Pina. A single specimen received amongst a collection which Colonel Evezard assisted in procuring. 2. NEMACHEILUS PAVONACEUS. Cobitis pavonacea, McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 305, 437, pl. 52, fig.1; *Cuv. and Val., xviii, p. 37. Nemacheilus pavonaceus, *Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 348. Cobitis semizonata, Blyth, J. A. S. of B., 1860, p. 171. Nemacheilus semizonatus, *Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 348. Cobitis rubidipinnis, Blyth, 1. c., p. 170. Nemacheilus rubidipinnis, *Giunther, Catal. vii, p. 348. Acanthocobitis longipimnis, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berl. for 1861. 2—83 B, Til. D: S=*V. 8, A. 2/5, ©. 19. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/6 of the total length. yes; diameter 2/9 of length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout. In some specimens the pre-orbital forms a blunt spine. fins ; 1872.] F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinde. 183 dorsal commences nearer to the snout than to the base of caudal, which latter is slightly emarginate. Oolowrs ; body crossed by about twenty half bars of a darkish grey ; a dark ocellus surrounded by a light margin exists upon the upper portion of the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal and caudal barred. Hab.— Assam and Tenasserim Provinces. 8. NEMACHEILUS UROPHTHALMUS. Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 348. Bee aatar 13 Vi. 8. Ac 7,.C.19- Length of head, of caudal, and height of body 1/5 of the total length. Dyes ; diameter 1/4 of length of head, 13 diameters from end of snout. Body, compressed. Free portion of tail as deep as long. Pre-orbital termi- nates posteriorly in a slight and obtuse projection below the eye, either moveable, or concealed by the skin. ns ; origin of dorsal midway between the snout and the base of the caudal, which latter is emarginate with rounded angles. Scales, distinct. Lateral line,incomplete. Colowrs ; from ten to thirteen dark brown cross bands, somewhat lighter in the middle, and separated from one another by narrow yellow streaks of ground colour. Head spotted with brown. A black, white edged, ocellus on the base of the upper caudal lobe. Dorsal and caudal with six transverse series of black dots. Hab.—Ceylon. 4, NEMACHEILUS BOTTA. Cobitis botia, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 350, 394; *Cuv. and Val., xviii, p. 72. » Otltwrio, Ham. Buch., 1. c. pp. 358, 395; *Cuv. and Val., xviii, p 35. » bimucronata, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 304, 435, pl. 51, fig. 4, (from H. B.’s MS.) », ocellata, McClell., 1. c. pp. 304, 436, pl. 51, fig. 6, (from H. B.’s MS.) Nemacheilus botia, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 349; Day, P. Z. S., 1869, p. 382. Bil-twri, Assam ; Soon-da-lee, Panj. Sees 3 /iilee Ps dd Vi. 8) A 2/55C. 17. Height of body 1/6 of the total length. Pre-orbital has in some specimens a projection which is moveable below the orbit, (WV. botia), whilst in others it is entirely concealed by the skin (WV. biltwrio). Colowrs, greyish, with from 12 to 14 short bars on the lateral line, and anumber of irregular blotches above it. Dorsal fin spotted; caudal with about seven irregular bars, and a black ocellus on the upper portion of the base of the fin. Hab.—Throughout India, except its most southern portion. The Cobitis scaturigina, McClell., described from one of H. B.’s draw- ings may be this species, badly delineated, the ocellus at the base of the caudal and the bars on that fin not being distinctly shown. 184 F. Day—MMonograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 3, 5. NEMACHEILUS RUPELLTI. Cobitis Rupelli (?) Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soe. ii, p. 366, pl. 64, fig. 1. Beda) > 2D 1D Ne Oks & GD: Length of head 2/11, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length. Eyes, slightly before the middle of the length of the head, 2% dia- meters from end of snout. Head pointed, four moderately developed rostral and two maxillary barbels. #’ms; dorsal arises midway between the snout and base of the caudal which is slightly forked ; the upper margin of the dorsal fin straight. Scales, moderately developed. Lateral line, distinct. Colours, greenish yellow except the abdomen which is white, short brown bars along the lateral line, and the rays of the dorsal and anal barred. Caudal with four posteriorly directed V-shaped brown bars. A black spot at the base of the upper caudal lobe. Hab.—Rivers near Pina (in the Dakhin). 6.* NEMACHEILUS MOREH. Cobitis moreh, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 366. iB: pilD) - P. 12, V. 8, A. 7, C. 19. Head said to be more pointed than in the last species. Fins ; tail wedge- shaped. Scales, minute. Colowrs ; more dark blotches on the head than in IV. Rupelli. The transverse dark marks on the body are not (? now) arranged along the lateral line and over the back, alternating with each other. The fins have a very light orange tinge. Hab.—Mota Mola river at Puna. 7.* NEMACHEILUS MONOCEROS. Cobitis monoceros, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 305, 438, pl. 52, fig. 2; *Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 38. Nemachilus monoceros, *Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 358. ses UBT IDs 14 1 Te toh Ns (Oy Ce alley Length of head 1/4 of the total without the caudal fin. A short blunt spe on the snout. ims (according to the figure); upper margin of dorsal nearly straight, caudal rounded. Colowrs ; body greenish yellow with a silvery lustre, opercles tinged with green. Caudal and dorsal streaked with numerous small brown bars. Hab.—Assam. 8. NEMACHEILUS AUREUS. B. IIL. D. 2/10, P. 15, V. 8, A. 2/5, C. 19. Length of head, of caudal and pectoral 1/5, height of body 2/13 of the total length. yes, large, not prominent, situated in the middle of the length of the head and 14 diameters from the end of snout. Snout very 1872.] F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 185 obtuse, the pre-orbital (in the adult) ending posteriorly in a free blunt pro- cess. Width of head two-thirds of its length. Free portion of tail as high aslong. Barbels elongated, the internal rostral pair reaching to the eye, the external to the middle of the orbit, and the maxillary to beyond its hind margin. Fins ; dorsal commences somewhat in advance of the ventrals, and in the adult midway between the snout and the base of the caudal, but in the immature nearer to the former; the pectoral reaches to above the ven- tral, and the anal when laid flat extends to the root of the caudal, which last is forked in its last fourth with sharp lobes. Scales, very distinct. Lateral line, ceases opposite the posterior end of the base of the dorsal. Colowrs, light, with a green tinge and destitute of marks on the body in the mature, but in the young there is a row of seven or eight dark blotches along the middle of the body as wide as the ground colour, whilst superiorly there are intermediate blotches extending downwards from the back. Fins and the barbels of a deep orange colour, a dark ocellus at the base of the upper caudal lobe, and 5 or 6 7 shaped bars on the tail. Several rows of black spots along the dorsal fin. A dark streak from the eye down the snout. Hab.—Jabbalpir, specimens obtained in September 1871 were full of ova, 9. NEMACHEILUS RUPICOLA. Schistura rwpicola, McClell., J. A. S. of B., vii, pl. pl. 55, fig. 3, and Ind, Cyp. pp. 309, pl. 57, fig. 3. Cobitis rupecula, *Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 40. Nemachilus aha: Gunther, vii, p. 351. BMD: Bet0, V7, A. 2/5, 0.07, Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5 to 1/6, height of body 1/5 to 1/6 of the total length. Hyes small, diameter 1/7 of the length of the head and situated in the middle of its length, or more anteriorly in young specimens. Head, broad, depressed. -Barbels, short but stout. Fins ; dorsal commences midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin. Pectoral reaches above half way to the root of the ventral ; caudal with rounded lobes in the adult, more pointed in the young. Free portion of the tail as deep as long. Scales, minute. Oolowrs; eleven to seventeen vertical brown bands, each from as wide to three times as broad as the buff interspaces. Caudal with a black band at its base, and four or five uregular bars. Dorsal with a black base and a black mark between its two first rays, the fin also spotted with black, the other fins with badly marked bands. Hab.— Bengal, N. W. Provinces, Panjab, Assam, and the Himalayas ; attaining 35 inches in length. 186 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 3, The appearance of this fish alters considerably with age. In the young the head is only 2/3 as wide as long, but the two dimensions are equal in the adult. 10. NEMACHEILUS SEMIARMATUS. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 286; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 353. Te EO Ds ayy lee 1 aly Ae (Oh iss . Length of head 2/11, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/11 of the total length. Hyes; diameter 1/4 of length of head, 1} diameters from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. A cartilaginous knob on pre-orbital. Free portiow of tail as deep as long. Fins; origin of dorsal nearer the snout than the base of the caudal. Pectoral as long as the head, the basal half of some of its rays being generally stiffened by osseous matter. Caudal lobed in its last half. Scales, indistinct. Lateral line, complete. Colowrs, light brown, with numerous irregularly shaped spots and bars proceeding from the back towards the lateral line; head brownish, with a dark line from the snout through the orbit. Dorsal fin with about three rows of dark spots; caudal irregularly barred ; a dark line runs along the centre of the back. Hab.—Bowani and Sigur rivers along the base of the Nilgherry hills; also imported into tanks on those mountains. 11.* NEMACHEILUS TENUICAUDA. Cobitis tenuicauda, Stein., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1866, p..792, t. 17, fig. 3: Nemachilus tenwicauda, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 357. Bhd DA AV 0S, wAre se Length of head nearly 1/5, height of body less than 1/5 of the length, without the caudal. Free portion of tail very low, its depth being rather less than 1/3 of its length. ims; upper margin of dorsal oblique, with its anterior angle rounded ; it arises nearer to the root of the caudal than to: the end of the snout. Pectoral extends rather above half the distance to the base of the ventral. Caudal emarginate. Scales, absent. Colowrs ;. upper part of side, dorsal and caudal fins irregularly mottled with brown, and some spots along the sides. Hab.—Tibet. 12. NEMACHEILUS ZONALTERNANS: Cobitis zonalternams, Blyth, J. A. 8. of B. 1860, p..172. Nemacheilus zonalternans, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 551. Ae 22/9 eX. 22/0 Lyes of moderate size, rather above one diameter from end of snout. Fins ; dorsal commences rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, which latter is entire. Scales, distinct. Colowrs ; ten to eleven bars descend down the lower two-thirds of the body to the abdomen, with intermediate half bands superiorly between them. Dorsal and caudal fins spotted in bands. Hab.—Tenasserim Provinces. 1872.] EF. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 187 13. NEMACHEILUS LADACENSIS. Nemachilus ladacensis, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 356. eT Decl Ve Sy Asi 7. Length of head 1/5, height of body less than 1/5 of the total length without the caudal fin. yes ; diameter 1/5 of length of head, 2 diameters’ from end of snout. Snout obtuse. Free portion of tail one-fourth as high as long. ins; upper margin of dorsal oblique, with its anterior angle rounded, commencing nearer the end of the snout than the root of the caudal, which latter is rounded. Pectoral extends rather above half way to the base of the ventral. All the fins are somewhat elongated. Scales, absent. Oolowrs, reddish olive, with about nine blackish bars across the back, a few small scattered spots upon the sides and caudal fin. Hab.—Tibet, from whence the single typical specimen, three inches long, was procured. 14. NEMACHEILUS ZONATA. Schistura zonata, Me.Clell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 308, 441, pl. 53, fig. 1. Cobitis zonata, **Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 39. iD! 3/75 Ps dl Ve Sy Ade, C217. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/6, of dorsal fin a little above 1/6 of the total length. yes; diameter 2/7 of length of head, and situated in the middle of its length. Snout rather compressed. Bar- bels well developed, bemg about as long as the orbit. Mims; dorsal com- mences rather nearer the base of the caudal, than the end of the snout. Caudal forked. Colours; eleven to thirteen dark zones encircle the back, but they do not meet on the abdomen, and are not half the width of the ground colour. Hab.—Upper Assam, Bengal, and N. W. Provinces. 15. NEMACHEILUS SUBFUSCUS. Schistura subfusca, Me.Clell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 308, 448, pl. 53, fig. 5. Cobitis subfuscus, *Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 80. Nemachilus subfuscus, *Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 351. Cobitis cincticauda, Blyth, J. A. S. of B. 1860, p. 172. Nemacheilus cincticauda, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 552. D2 /S reall Vi. 8A. 2/5, C. 19, Length of head 1/5, of pectoral 1/5, of caudal 2/11, height of body 1/7 of the total length. Hyes, situated in the middle of the length of the head, 3 diameters from end of snout, 15 diameters apart. -Barbels well developed, and nearly as long as the orbit. No projection on the pre-orbital. The free portion of the tail longer than high. ims; dorsal with its upper margin straight, it arises midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal, which last is slightly emarginate. Pectoral extends 25 ' 188 F. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 3, three-fourths of the distance to the ventral. Scales, minute. Colours, yel- lowish, with ten regular brown zones encircling the body and broader than the ground colour; a dark bar at the base of the caudal, and a dark band be- tween the eye and the mouth. Dorsal with some black spots. Having obtained numerous specimens in Barma, since my paper in the Proe. Zool. Society was published, I have been enabled to compare them with Mr. Blyth’s typical one, and Mc.Clelland’s description and figure, leav- ing no doubt as to their specific identity. Hab.—Upper Assam and Barma. 16. NEMACHEILUS SINUATUS. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 371. 6h; 278-92 Pt? Ve 8 A 2/5, C08. Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/6 of the total length. yes, situated in the middle of the length of the head, 2 diameters from end of snout, 13 diameters apart. Barbels, long and thin. Fis; dorsal arises slightly in advance of the ventrals, and midway between the snout and the base of the caudal, which last is cut square, but some of the outer rays are rather the shortest. Scales, distinct. Lateral line ceases opposite the end of the dorsal fin. Colowrs, olive, with irregular vertical brown bands, having shorter intermediate ones. A black ocellus at the base of the upper portion of the caudal fin. Dorsal yellow, with three or four rows of black spots. Caudal orange with four 7 shaped bars, the centre of each of which however is inverted. Hab.—Wynaad. 17. Nemacuertus SroriczKm. Cobitis Stoliczke, Stein., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1866, p. 793, t. 14, fig. 2. Nemachilus Stoliczke, *Gunther, Catal. vii, p. 360. BaD. 3/ 7, V8 An 2a. Length of head 1/5 of total without the caudal, height of body much less. Hyes; diameter 2/i1 of length of the head. ins; origin of dorsal nearer root of caudal than end of snout, its upper margin oblique with the anterior corner rounded. Caudal slightly emarginate. Pectoral extends a little above half way to the root of the ventral. Scales, absent. Colours, darkish, spotted and marbled all over with a darker colour. Hab.—Tibet, 15,500 feet above the level of the sea. 18. NEMACHEILUS CHLOROSOMA. Cobitis chlorosoma, McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 305, 487, t. 52, fig. 3; *Cuv. and Val., xvii; p. 38. Wattara, Tel. < & iL D, 3/6, P11) V.:7, A; 2/5, C. 16. 1872.] F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 189 Length of head 1/7, of caudal 2/11, height of body 2/11 of the total length. Eyes, high up, diameter 2/9 of length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout, 3 a diameter apart. Snout somewhat swollen, barbels about equal in length to the diameter of the eye. ins; dorsal arises midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal. The anal in the last third of the body. Caudal cut square. Scales, distinct. Lateral line, absent. Oolowrs, straw coloured with a badly developed dark line along the centre of the body, and irregular greyish _ pencillings along the back. Pectoral, ventral, and anal yellowish ; dorsal with several irre- cular and badly marked black bands. Caudal with a dark mark at its base, and several irregularly directed vertical bands. HHab.— Upper Assam. The specimen from which this description is drawn up was taken at the Bezwada anicut on the Kistna, and it agrees moderate- ly well with McClelland’s figure and definition. 19. NEMACHEILUS PHOXOCHEILA. Cobitis phoxocheila, McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 305, 489, t. 52, fie. 4; *Cuv, and Welk, saul § 70, 7b Nemachilus phoxocheila, *Giinther, Cat., vii, p. 861; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 551, Boa. DY; 2/9) A. 2/5: Length of head more than height of body. Hyes, situated before the middle of the length of the head, and 2 diameters from end of snout. Snout rather depressed, no ridge between the orbits. Barbels ; four rostral, as long as the diameter of the orbit, and two shorter maxillary ones. Fins ; dorsal commences midway between the anterior margin of the orbit and the base of the anal, and slightly in advance of the ventral. The pectoral does not reach the ventral, nor the latter the anal. Scales, minute. The two specimens from which this description was drawn up were labelled as above in the Calcutta Museum, but their colours were bleached, whilst their tails were destroyed. The caudal fin should be rounded and entire. McClelland’s description gives an apparently different fish ; he says that the head is raised obliquely as in the Perilamps, but this is a frequent post-mortem appearance ; the ridge between the eyes being sharp and bony. Colowrs, above clouded with brown, silvery beneath, with a dark nebulous streak along the side. Several small bars across the caudal fin. D. 8, P. 8, V. 6, A. 6, C. 16, and according McClelland only four barbels. Hab.—Mishmi mountains in Northern Assam. 20. NEMACHEILUS SERPENTARIUS. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 551. Pe tee We 2/8) CPV. Ol AY 2/5, Cs 29) Tn). 64.1 tre 12 ae Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body nearly 1/5 of the total length. Hyes, small, behind the middle of the length of the head, 190 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 38, about four diameters from end of snout, and three diameters apart. Snout, pointed. Barbels, short, the maxillary pair the longest. Upper lip fim- briated. Scales, distinct, with a raised keel along their centre. Lateral line, complete. Fins; dorsal arises slightly in advance of the ventrals, and midway between the snout and the base of the caudal fin, its upper margin straight. Pectoral reaches two-thirds of the distance to the ventral, and the latter above half way to the anal. Caudal deeply emarginate, its lobes pointed. Colours, brownish, with a wide dark chestnut band passing from the snout through the orbit to the base of the dorsal fin, which last has a black centre. Caudal deep brown with white margins. A black bar across the base of the ventrals. Hab.— Doubtful, three specimens are in the Calcutta Museum. 21. NEMACHEILUS MICROPS. Cobitis microps, Stem, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1866, p. 794, t. 18, f. 3. Nemachilus microps, *Gunther, Catal, vii, p. 357. BS, a8) eA , Length of head 1/5 of total without the caudal; height of body less. Eyes, small, in middle of length of head. Head, broad, depressed. Snout, thick. Fins; dorsal arises rather nearer the root of the caudal than the end of the snout. Caudal shghtly emargimate. Pectoral reaches half way to the base of ventral. Scales, absent. Colowrs ; body with many narrow, vermiculated transverse stripes, which on the back coalesce, and form sixteen or seventeen broad cross bands. Hab.—Tibet, 16,000 feet above the sea. 22. NEMACHEILUS STRIATUS. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p 347 ; *Gtinther, Catal. vii, p. 353. Cul-irum, and Kul nakwra, Tamil. BW, D2 2/8 11; Vs 8) As 2/5) C2 1% Length of head, pectoral and caudal, each 1/7 of the total length. Height of body 1/11 of the total length. yes, diameter nearly 1/4 of length of head. Barbels, well developed, the external rostral pair reaching the posterior, and the internal to the anterior margin of the nostrils, to beneath which same place the maxillary ones extend. Mims; dorsal arises slightly in advance of the ventrals, and midway between the snout and the posterior extremity of the caudal fin ; the caudal slightly lobed at its post- erior extremity. Scales, well developed. Lateral line, well marked. Colours, light reddish brown, with narrow vertical bands darker than the ground colour, and most distinct in the posterior portion of the body, where there are sixteen posterior to the commencement of the dorsal fin, and several more between that and the head, which last is marked all over with black lines 1872.] F. Day—Honograph of Indian Oyprinide. 191 and spots. A black band at the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal brilliant orange, with a black edge having.a light external margin, and a dark base. Anal orange with some dull black spots; caudal likewise yellow and spotted. ’ Hab.—Wynaad at 3,000 feet. elevation. It grows to 23 inches in length. 5; 23. NEMACHEILUS MUGAH. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 382. Mugah, Beng. eee 2/7, P. 11, V. 8, Ay — Oy: Length of head 1/5, of pectoral 1/7, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/13 of the total length. Hyes, diameter 1/5 of length of head, two diame- ters from end of snout, 15 diameters apart. Body with compressed sides. The free portion of the base of the caudal as long as high. Snout pointed ; no enlargement of pre-orbital. Barbels, all about as long as the eye. Fins ; dorsal arises midway between snout and base of caudal, its upper mar- gin is straight ; pectorals extend above half way to the base of ventrals ; caudal emarginate in its posterior length. Scales, small, but distinct ; there being twelve rows above the lateral line, and thirteen between it and the base of the ventral fin. Lateral line, commences by two roots, which soon coal- esce, when it is continued to the base of the caudal. Colowrs, yellowish, with a green tinge ; about fifteen brown bands, one-third as wide as the ground colour, pass across the back and descend on either side below the lateral line ; a few near the head, and some in the posterior third of the body are interrupted. Upper surface of head marbled with black. Fins immaculate, but the two anal rays are black anteriorly, and there are also slight black marks near the end of the ventrals and on the outer side of the pectorals. Rostral barbels orange. Hab.—Cossy river at Midnapore, where it attains two inches in length. 24. NEMACHEILUS NOTOSTIGMA. ? Bleeker, Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Haarl, 1864, Cobit. et Cyp. Ceylon, p. 5, t. 1, fic. 2; Giimther, Catal. vii, p. 352. Beni): 2/8, V. 7, P. 18, A. = Calg) Length of head 1/5, of pectoral 1/7, of caudal 1/4, height of body 1/8 of the total length. Hyes, diameter 1/4 of length of head, 1; diame- ters from end of snout. Body elongated and compressed. Pre-orbital some- what moveable and slightly enlarged at its posterior angle close to the orbit. Barbels, all longer than the eye. ms; dorsal highest in front, it arises midway between snout and base of the caudal fin, bemg a little in advance of the ventrals; caudal with pointed lobes in its posterior third, 192 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 3, Scales, moderately distinct. Colowrs, brownish with dark blotches, almost bands, on the upper half of the body, and some also upon the fins. Occiput nearly black. A dark mark at the base of the caudal, which is irregularly banded. A black spot at the base of the anterior dorsal rays, and a bar across the lower portion of the fin. Hab.—Cauvery above Trichinopoly, also ? Ceylon. 25. NEMACHEILUS MONTANUS. Schistwra montana, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 307, 440, t. 57, fig. 1. Cobitis montana, *Cuv. and Val., xviii, p. 69. ? Nemacheilus montanus, Giimther, Catal. vii, p. 350. Saant-al, Pan}. ed WES) 7 PALO WNE 8) As 2/5 Cal: Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/8 of the total length. yes, small, in the middle of the length of the head. Head, rather above half as wideas long. Free portion of tail as deep as long. ims ; the dorsal’s upper margin straight and oblique, it commences midway between the anterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin ; pectoral extends a little above half the distance to the ventral. Caudal with rounded lobes. Scales, absent. Colowrs, yellowish, with twelve verti- cal brown bands, much narrower than the intermediate ground colour, and decreasing in width below the lateral line; a dark band across the base of the caudal, which fin as well as the dorsal has a single row of indistinct spots forming a sort of greyish band; a dark mark at the base of the anterior dorsal rays. Hab.— Himalayas. 26. NEMACHEILUS SPILOPTERUS. Cobitis spilopterus, Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 27, pl. 522. Nemachilus spilopterus, Ginther, Catal., vii, p. 358. 3 a 27 ae LON Nir ones a9: ; Leneth of head 2/11, of caudal 1/7 of the total length. Height of body scarcely equals the length of the head. Hyes, near the summit of the head and in the middle of its length. Barbels, short. Free portion of tail about twice as long as high. ims; dorsal with an oblique upper mar- gin, it commences midway between the end of the snout and the root of the caudal. Pectoral reaches half way to the base of the ventral. Caudal very slightly emarginate. Scales, absent. Colours, greenish yellow, with from eleven to fifteen irregular bands crossing the back, and a black band across the root of the caudal fin. A black blotch at the base of the three first dorsal rays. Hab.—Himalayas, Assam and Cochin China. 1872.] F. Day—Monoyraph of Indian Cyprinide. 193 27. NEMACHEILUS SAVONA. Cobitis savona, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 357, 394; McClelland, Ind. Cyp., pp. 308, 442, pl. 53, fic. 3, (from H. B’s MS.) ; *Cuv. and Val., xviii, p. 32. Nemachilus savona, *Giinther, Catal., vii, p. 354. Savon-khorka, Beng. BL D. as EO, Vi, AO 2/5. ©, 19. Length of head 2/9, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/6 of the total length. Hyes, rather large in the anterior half of the head, and 1% diame- ters from end of snout. Head, as broad as it is long without the snout. Barbels, long, the four rostral and two maxillary ones reach theeye. ins ; dorsal with its upper edge rather convex, it arises midway between the anterior edge of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin, and its commence- ment is before the origin of the ventrals. Pectoral extends two-thirds of the distance to the ventrals, which last does not reach the anal. Caudal very slightly emarginate, its lobes being rounded. Lateral line, incomplete. Scales, small, most distinct in the posterior portion of the body. Colours, brown, becoming lighter on the abdomen, having from ten to twelve very narrow vertical white bands, not above 1/8 or 1/6 as wide as the ground colour, a black band at the root of the caudal fin; a black blotch at the base of the first few dorsal rays, and four or five rows of dark spots on the fin. Caudal with narrow bands of dark spots. Hab.—Bengal. I received some specimens from the hills near Rani- ganj. 28. NEMACHEILUS BEAVANI. Nemacheilus beavani, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 350. Bare Dy Oe Pe eV: 7. AY 7 C. 19, Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/11 of the total length. yes, small, in the middle of the length of the head. Free portion of the tail rather longer than deep. Barbels, six, four rostral and two maxillary. ins; dorsal with an oblique upper edge, it arises midway be- tween the end of the snout and the base of the caudal. Pectoral extends two-thirds of the distance to the root of the ventral. Caudal lobed. Colowrs ; body with nine dark cross bands, broader than the lighter inter- spaces, a black streak across the root of the caudal. Dorsal and caudal rays with blackish dots. Hab.—Cossy river up to 2 inches long. 29. NemAcHEILUS DENISONII. ? Cobitis montanus, Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8. 1849, p. 332 (not McClelland). Nemacheilus Denison, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 287; Giinther, Catal. vii, p- 352. B. III. D. 7 Bld, Weg Ae 2/5. ©. 17, 194 FE, Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 3, Length of head 2/9, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/13 of the total length. yes; diameter 1/5 of length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Barbels, short. Fins ; the dorsal commences mid- way between the end of snout and base of caudal, which last is lobed. Pectoral extends two-thirds of the distance to the ventrals. Seales, minute. Lateral line, complete. Colours, reddish brown, having from nine to twelve yellowish olive vertical zones, those anterior to the dorsal fin coalescing rather irregularly across the back. Dorsal fin with three rows of fine black spots. Caudal irregularly spotted in bands. Some dull spots on the ventral and anal fins. Most of the head marbled with black dots. Hab.—Nilgherry and Coorg hills, and rivers at their bases. A variety of this species with longer barbels exists in Mysore, where it attains four inches in length. 30. NEMACHEILUS TRIANGULARIS. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 295, and Fishes of Malabar, p. 203, pl. 14, fig. 1; Gunther, Catal. vii, p. 352. By Mids DB! 2/8 Pai V59) Ae 2a. 19: Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/4 of the total leneth. yes; diameter 1/4 of length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout and one apart. Barbels, short. Free portion of tail rather deeper than long. is ; upper margin of dorsal fin oblique, it commences midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, which latter is emarginate. Scales, distinct. Lateral line, complete. Colowrs, yellowish, with about seven black edged bands on the body disposed in a 7 shape ; likewise, one passes over the opercles, a second through the eye, a third from the orbit to the angle of the mouth. Dorsal with three irregular rows of black spots. Pectoral, ventral, and anal unspotted, but stained at their margins. Three oblique bars across each lobe of the caudal which has a_ black mark at its base. Hab.—Travancore hills. 31.* NEMACHEILUS MARMORATUS. Cobitis marmorata, Heckel, Fisch, Kaschmir, p. 76, t. 12, figs. 1—2, and Hiigel, Kaschmir, iv, p. 380; *Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 41. Cobitis vittata, Heckel, 1. c. p. 80, figs. 3,4; and Hiugel, Kaschmir, iv, p. 382; #Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 42. Nemachilus marmoratus, *Ginther, Catal. vii, p. 356. Bot DP: 10) Vo 7A Length of head 2/9, height of body less than 2/9 of the leneth without the caudal fin. yes, small, situated in the middle of the length of the head. Free portion of tail not elongated. Fins; upper margin of dorsal fin oblique, its commencement being nearly midway between the end of the 1872.] F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 195 snout and the root of the caudal, which latter is somewhat convex at its extremity. Pectoral reacheg rather above half way to the root of the ventral. Scales, absent. Colours; mottled with brown. In some speci- mens a dark band exists along the body and some bars over the back of the tail. (WV. vittata.) Hab.—Kashmir. 32. NEMACHEILUS GRIFFITHII. Ginther, Catal., vii, p. 360. Pane DalO Poll Ve SAN 7: C. 15. Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/8 of the total length. yes; diameter 1/7 of length of head, 3 diameters from end of snout, which is produced. Free portion of tail low, its depth being 1/3 of its length or even less. Fins; upper margin of dorsal oblique, with its anterior superior angle rounded, it commences midway between the end of the snout and the root of the caudal, which latter is emarginate. Pectoral reaches rather above half way to the root of the ventral. Scales, present. Lateral line, complete. Colours ; sides of the body, dorsal and caudal fins irregularly marbled with brownish black, several similar bands cross the back. Hab.—Probably Assam, attaining 54 inches in length. 33. NEMACHEILUS CORICA. Cobitis corica, Ham. Buch., Fish. Ganges, pp. 359, 395 ;.*Cuv. and Val., xviii, p. 36. Schistura punctata, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 308, 442, pl. 53, fig. 4, (from H. B.’s MS). Nemachilus corica, *Giinther, Catal., vii, p. 361. Khorika, Beng. PEE 2/85 Ps lay Ve 8. A 2/o C.F Length of head 2/11, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/6 of the total length. yes, of moderate size, in the middle of the length of the head. Barbels, well developed, the external rostral pair longer than the orbit. Fins ; dorsal commences anterior to the ventral and nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, which last is lobed in its posterior half, the lower being the longer. Upper margin of dorsal fin oblique. Third and fourth pectoral rays produced, reaching the base of the ventral fin. Scales, visible in the posterior half of the body. Colowrs, bluish, with about thirteen black blotches along the middle of the side, and smaller ones above and descending to between them. Hab.—N. EH. Bengal, Panjab and Assam. 34, NEMACHEILUS GUENTHERI. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 285; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 361. B. IIL. D. 2/8, P. 11, V. 7, A. 2/5, C. 19. 26 196 FE. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 3, Length of head 2/11, of caudal 2/18, height of body 1/7 of the total length. Eyes; diameter 2/7 of length of head, 13 diameters from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Head rather compressed. Free portion of tail longer than deep. Fins ; upper margin of dorsal oblique, the fin commences midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, which last is lobed. Pectoral extends three-fifths of the distance to the base of the ventral. Scales, distinct. Lateral line, mcomplete. Colowrs, pinkish, coarsely reticulated with olive brown markings, leaving three rows of large spots along the side; a black band at the base of the caudal fin, which has two indistinct dark bands across either lobe, the extremities of which are stained. Two rows of fine black dots along the dorsal fin, and one across the anal. Hab.—Rivers along the lower slopes, and base of the Nilgherry hills. 35. NEMACHEILUS BLYTHII. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 552. B. III. D. 2/7, V. 9, A. 2/5, C. 19. Length of head 1/5, of pectoral 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/13 of the total length. Eyes; diameter 2/9 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, 12 apart. Barbels, longer than one dia- meter of the orbit. ims; dorsal commences midway between the snout and the base of the caudal fin, which latter has sharp lobes. Scales, minute. Oolowrs, brownish, becoming lighter on the abdomen ; a dark band at the base of the caudal. Hab.—Doubtful. Two specimens 3 inches long exist in the Calcutta Museum. : 36. NEMACHEILUS BUTANENSIS. Cobitis Butanensis, McClell., C. J. N. H. ii, p. 586. Nemaclilus butanensis, Gunther, Catal., vii, p. 358. BAT DY OP Veal, Aww. Length of head 2/11, of caudal 2/11, height of body 1/11 of the total length. yes small, in the middle of the length of the head. Free portion of tail elongated and compressed, its depth being nearly half of its length. Lips fringed. Fins, upper margin of dorsal convex, it commences nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the caudal, which latter is rounded. The pectoral does not extend half way to the base of the ventral. Seales, distinct. Colowrs, doubtful. Hab.—Biutan, where it attains five coe in length. 37. NEMACHEILUS RUBRIPINNIS. Cobitis rubripimnis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and 8. 1849, p. 332. Nemacheilus rubripinmis, Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 203. B. IIT. D. 2/6, A. 2/5, C. 13. Length of head 1/6, of pectoral 1/8, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1872.] F. Day—Honograph of Indian Cyprinde. 197 1/5 of the total length. yes; diameter 1/6 of length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout and apart. ins; dorsal commences midway between end of snout and base of caudal fin, which is slightly emarginated. Scales, minute. Lateral line, complete. Colowrs, dirty olive along the back becoming light on the abdomen. Nine bars pass from the back towards the lateral line, and also a number of irregular bands descend to the same distance ; a dark bar at the base of the caudal. Dorsal with two bars, the lowest sometimes red. Caudal with three wide bars. Hab.—Malabar. 38.* NEMACHEILUS TURIO. Cobitis twrio, Ham. Buch , Fish. Ganges, pp. 358, 395; *Cuv. and Val., xviii, p. 33. », gibbosa, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 304, 436, pl. 52, fig. 7, (from H. B.’s MS.). » arenata, Val. in Jacq. Voy. Ind. Poiss., pl. 15, fig. 1 ; Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 28. Nemacheilus turio, *Giunther, Catal., vii, p. 360. Turi, Assam. 185 IDOL, ID, 8) (QO), 12s A Ve teh ss pO dus Length of head (according to figure) about 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length. yes, of moderate size. Free portion of tail appears higher than long. Back elevated. ims; pectoral nearly reaches the ventral. Caudal emarginate. Oolowrs ; body irregularly spotted and blotched. Hab.—Assam. 39.* NEMACHEILUS GUTTATUS. Cobitis guttata, McClell., Ind. Cyp., pp. 305, 488, pl. 52, fig, 5, 6; *Cuy..and Val. Xvili, p. 79. *Nemachilus guttatus, Giinther, Catal., vii, p. 360. Bere Dy. 8: This species is said to have only four barbels. Colowrs, light green with dark blotches. Hab.—Joorhath in Upper Assam. Genus. 10. OrnoneEctEs, Cinther. Head depressed, body scarcely compressed. No suborbital spine. Six barbels round the upper jaw. Dorsal fin placed far backwards at some distance behind the root of the ventrals ; caudal rounded. Hab.—China. Genus. 11. Museurnus, Laceép. Cosrricutuys, Bleeker. Body elongated and compressed. No suborbital spine. Ten ov twelve harbels, four being on the mandible. Dorsal fin arising opposite the ven- trals. Caudal rounded. 198 F. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinidae. [No. 3, Geographical distribution —This genus which exists m Central and Eastern Europe has also its representatives in India and China. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Misgwrnus lateralis, D. 10, A. 8. Barbels ten; body longitudinally banded, ocellus on base of caudal. Bengal. 2. 0 anguillicaudatus, D, 2/7, A. 8. Barbels ten; body ee dot- ted, a black spot on base of caudal. China. Japan. 1. MiscURNUS LATERALIS. Ginther, Catal., vii, p. 346. (23 JURE AU 10, INE GAL eS: Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/6, height of body rather less than 1/6 of the length. yes; diameter 2/9 of length of head, nearly 2 diame- ters from end of snout. Head and body compressed. Barbels ten, the inner mandibular pair very short. Free portion of tail rather longer than deep. Fins ; dorsal arises midway between end of snout and the root of the caudal, and slightly in advance of the root of the ventral. Pectoral rather longer than the head. Caudal rounded. Scales, very distinct. Colowrs ; a broad brown band, runs along the middle of the side, and is separated from the brown back by a yellowish band; a narrow and indistinct brown band on the abdomen; a black ocellus edged with white on the base of the upper half of the caudal fin. Dorsal and caudal finely mottled with brown. Hab.—Bengal from whence one specimen 33 inches long was received. 2. MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS. Cobitis anguillicaudata, Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1842, p. 485; Richard., Voy. Sulph. Fish., p. 143, pl. 55, fig. 9, 10. Cobitis bifurcata, McClell., C. J. N. Hist., 1844, p. 400, pl 28, fic. 1. ? ,, pectoralis, McClell., 1. c., fig. 3, (Pect. fins elongated). » micropus, Cuy. and Val., xviii, p. 29. » psammismus, Richard, Ich. China, p 300. » rubripiuus et maculata, Temm and Schleg, Fauna Japon, pp. 220, 221, t. 108, fig. 1, 2. » decemcirrhosus, Basilewsky, Mém, Soc. Nat. Mosc, 1855, p. 239. ? Cobitichthys enalios, Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo. Neerl., viii, Japan. vi, p. 88, t, 2, fig. 4, (Pectoral fins elongated.) Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Gunther, Catal., vii, p. 345. Ba 2/7, PND, Vie; Cad oe ir OM aor OF Barbels ten, four bemg mandibular. His; origin of dorsal midway between occiput and base of caudal. Pectoral shorter or as long as the head. Scales, distinct. Oolowrs; body and fins irregularly dotted with brownish black, and generally a small black spot at the upper portion of the root of the caudal fin. Hab,—China, Japan, Formosa. (Lo be continued.) 1872.] 199 Monograph oF HimMAnAyan, ASSAMESE, BARMESE AND CINGALESE CLAU- sinia,—by Wittiam T. Buanrorp, F. G. 8., C. M. Z. S., &e. (With Plate IX.) [Received 19th January, read 2nd February, 1872. | Not asingle species of Clawsilia has hitherto been found in India proper, South of the Himalayas, not even in the semi-Malay fauna of the Malabar coast, although one kind occurs in Ceylon.* The few forms hitherto described from the territories belonging to the British Indian Empire are from the mountains to the north, or from the countries to the eastward. Several of those described are rare and local, and some are from places very difficult of access. By the kindness of my friends, Major Godwin-Austen, Mr. Theobald, Dr. Stoliczka, and Mr. G. Nevill, I have been furnished with specimens of all the species not in my own collection, hitherto described from British Barma, Assam, the Himalayas and Ceylon, except Clausilia vespa, Gould, C. insignis, Gould, and C. bulbus, Benson. I have copied authentic figures of the last two, and I add a representation of a shell from Moulmein which may possibly be a variety of C. vespa. I am unable, without access to a greater number of types, to assign all the Himalayan and Barmese Clausilie to the proper sub-genera. ‘Those to which the known species hitherto been referred do not always appear to me to include them. Thus ©. isignis, Gould, C. Philippiana, Pfr., and C. cylindrica, Gray, have all been classed in Phedusa, to which I am in- clined to doubt if any except the first really belong. I have classed the species in natural sections, and I have given the most conspicuous characters of each group; and in one case only I have proposed a new sectional or sub-generic name, Srcotion I.—Shell horny, smooth, elongate ; the apical portion decidu- ous ; lunule rudimentary or wanting, palatal plice few, the uppermost elongate. 1.f CLAUSILIA CYLINDRICA, Gray. Pfeiffer, Symbol. III, p. 93. Mon. Hell. II, p. 428 ;—III, p. 590;—IV, p. 725 ;— Vi, p. 412. Ktister, Mart. and Chemn., Pl. XI, f. 12—16. Hanley and Theobald, Conchologia Indica, Pl. XXIV, f. 4. * But a single species C. Jennaarensis, Pfr., has hitherto been obtained in the Hthiopian region. The genus is found throughout the temperate portion of the poleearctic region, in the Malay (or Indo-Malay) province, and in part of the neotro- pical region. + The figures in Pl. IX correspond in their numbers with the species, thus: 1, C. cylindrica, is fig. 1. 2, C. Ids, fig. 2, &e. { The full synonomy being given in Pfeiffer’s Monograph, I do not repeat it, but only add references to figures, 200 W. T. Blanford—onograph of Clausilia. [No. 3, Hab.— Western Himalayas from the western frontier of Nipaél to the Satle] valley, at elevations from 5000 to 9000 feet. The figure in the Oonchologia Indica is that of a specimen which, although adult, has retained its apex. This is a very rare occurrence. The figure now given represents the shell as it is usually found. Three palatal plaits, the upper elongate, are always present, and beneath them there is occasionally to be found a rudimentary lunella. The charac- ters both of the shell and of the internal plication differ widely from those of typical Phedusa, in which sub-genus I do not think that the present species can be included. It stands by itself, and I am inclined to look upon it as the type of a peculiar section. Section I1.—? Medora H.and A. Adams. Shell fusiform, horny, costulate or smooth, apex not deciduous. Lunule developed, with few, usually two, palatal plicee above it, the upper elongate. 2. Crausinia Ids, Benson. Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist. 1852, Ser. 2, Vol. X, p. 350. Pfeif. Mon. Hel. III, p. 612 ; —lIV, p. 761;—VI, p. 495. Hanley and Theobald, Conch. Ind., Pl. XXIV, fig. 10. Hab.—Temperate regions of Sikkim and Butan, in the Eastern Hima- layas, from about 5000 to 9000 feet. It doubtless also exists in Nipal. It is generally met with at the roots of oaks and other large trees. In this species, as was noticed by Mr. Benson, the lunule is sometimes broken up into short oblique plaits above, and consequently the number of palatal plicee varies. Sometimes there is only the long lameliar plait above the lunule, in other specimens there are, besides the long one, two short plice. 38. CLAUSILIA BACILLUM, Benson. Hanley and Theobald, Conch, Ind. Pl. XXIV, fig.1, nec Thoabald, J. A. S. B., 1858, p. 321. ? C. ignota, Theob. J. A. 8. B., 1858, Vol. XXVII, p. 321, (descriptio nulla), Testa subrimata, fusiformis, solidula, glabra, vise striatula, nitidula, su- perficie sepe in exemplis veteribus erosa, albido- vel cereo- cornea; spira superne regulariter attenuata ; apice obtuso, papillari ; sutwra simplice impres- sa. Anfr. 9 convexi, ultimus validius striatus, pone aperturam vie compres- sus; apertura verticalis, pwriformi-oblonga, lamella supera validiort, colwnel- lari antice vie conspicua, parwm torta, intus subfurcata ; lunella distineta, plicis palatalibus 2, suture parallelibus, supera elongata, altera brevi, a lunel- la viz disjuncta. Peristoma continuum, solutwm, album, breviter expanswm et imerassatum, margine parietal vie sinuato. Long. 15, anfr. penult. diam. 3°5 mm. ; apert. cum peristomate 3°33 longa, 2°33 mm. lata. Hab. in montibus Khasi et Naga dictis, ultra fines meridionales vallis Assamensis. W. Theobald ad Nanclu in montibus Khasi invent, H. Godwin- Austen haud procul ab Asalu in Cachar septentrionali. 1872.] W. T. Blanford—Monograph of Clausihe. 201 This species is near C. Ids, but easily distinguished by the absence of costulate sculpture. I think there can be but little doubt of the identity of the form found by Major Godwim-Austen, from which my figures and de- scription are taken, with the O. bacillwm of the Conchologia Indica, but as only one single figure is given in that work, and there is no description, I may be mistaken. I doubt, however, that this is the C. bacillwm of Mr. Theobald’s paper in the Journal for 1858, 1. c., because that was said to be of the type of C. mszgnis, which can scarcely said to be the case with the present species, but as no descriptions were furnished in Mr. Theobald’s paper, his names cannot be retained. The name, in the present instance, must be considered as founded.on the figure in the Conchologia Indica. 4, Crausin1a CEYLANICA, Bens. Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., February, 18638, Ser. 3, Vol. XI, p. 89. Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. VI, p. 427. Hab.—The mountains in the southern part of Ceylon. This shell was first found by Mr. Layard, and has smce been obtained by Mr. H. Nevill. Tam indebted to Messrs. G. Nevill and Stoliczka for the loan of specimens. Benson, in his original description, has overlooked the lunule, which is well developed, as in the two preceding species. 5. Craustr1a THHOBALDI, sp. nov. Testa rimata, fusiform turrita, cornea, confertum flexuose costulata, translucens. Spira turrita, sensim attenuata, lateribus superne subrectis, apicé acutiusculo, sutura wmpressa. Anfr. 11 convext, antepenultimus et penultimus maores, ultimus juxta suturam tumidiusculus, fra plicam palatalem superam compressus, subtus rotundatus. Apertura vix obliqua, piriformis, lamellis approximatis, mediocribus, supera acuta, infera immersa, tunella distincta, plicis palatalibus 2, swpera elongata, altera brevi. Peris- toma rectum, expansum, solutwn, marge palatali haud sinuato. Long. 22 mmn., diam. 35 ; apert. 3°5 mm., longa, 2° 6 lata. Hab.—Tonghu in provincia Barmana. Detexit W. Theobald. This is the only species of the present group hitherto found in Barma. Section ITIl.—Phedusa, H. and A. Adams. Shell fusiform, generally rather thick ; apex not deciduous. No lunule, palatal piicee numerous, the uppermost produced nearly to the aperture. A. Sutures crenulated. 6. CLAUSILIA Loxostoma, Bens. J. A. S. B., 1836, Vol. V, p. 353. Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. II, p. 404;—ITI, p. 590 ;— TV, p. 725 ;—VI, p. 411. Hanley and Theobald, Conch. Ind. Pl. XXIV, fic. 7. C. Bengalensis, Von dem Busch, Pfeiffer, Symb. II. p. 60.—WNiister, Mart, and Chem. p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 11-13. 202 W. T. Blanford—Aonograph of Clausihe. [No. 3, Hab.—Khasi hills, North-east of Bengal, and South of the Assam val- ley. The locality usually assigned to this shell, Bengal, conveys a false impression, as neither this nor any other Clawsilia is found in the plains of India. Teria ghat, the locality mentioned in the Conchologia Indica, is at the southern base of the Khasi hills, and the shell is found at many places along the range, from the base up to a height of, I believe, 4000 or 5000 feet. Major Godwin-Austen sent me this species from Habiang on the Khasi plateau. I do not know if C. lovostoma occurs also on the northern or As- sam flank of the range; I have never seen specimens from any place in that direction, and as the climate is much drier, many of the shells common on the southern watershed are wanting to the north. The form of this species varies considerably, some specimens being much more fusiform than others. I have figured three varieties, of which figure 6 may be considered as the typical form. 7. CLAUSILIA FERRUGINEA, sp. nov. Testa subrimata, elongato-fusiformis, solida, fere glabra, striatula, haud nitida, sordide et interdum pallide ferruginea ; spira alta, lateribus sursum subrectis, apice obtuso papillari, sutura impressa, valde crenulata. ” ” 05. These are the measurements of a pair which I shot together on 31st January at Rapur in the Wagur district. The female is slightly smaller than the male; it has the ashy above and the black on the wings, on the tail and on the gorget, less pure, and the head above and nape are uniform with the upper plumage, 7. e., grey. The white on the forehead is of less extent and less pure. Jerdon’s description of Luzoniensis is so general that it could equally apply to the present species, which has the white band at the side of neck continuous. 593bis. BupyTES MELANOCEPHALA. There were few of these birds seen before the end of December. Of several which I obtained, none has a trace of a white or yellow supercilium. Specimens shot in January had the top of head partially brownish grey, some of the feathers, however, changing to black. Chin whitish in front and the breast with some dark spots. About the middle of February T saw a great number of these birds with the underparts very bright yellow, and the top of the head perfectly black. Wing 3-2, tail 2°75 to 2°9, tarsus 0°85 to 0:95 ; bill 0:45 to 0:5 inch. Mr. Brooks has kindly shewn me his series of Indian and Kuropean B. flava, cinereocapilla and melanocephala, and I can only say that the male adult birds of these species are very well marked and easily distinguished, whatever difficulty there may exist in discriminatine young and female birds, or those not in full plumage. 4 x (Comp. Notes on B. flava and its varieties, in Ibis, 1871, p. 188, and Brooks in J; AUS: By Xu Pt I 18725 p.182)) 594bis. BupytEs caLcaratus, Hodgs. Rare. A specimen shot on 2nd January near Bhuj agrees in colour with Jer- don’s account of B. citreola ; the back begins to change from grey to black, which latter colour, according to Brooks, distinguishes calcaratus from citreola ; the former also has a slightly larger bill and tarsus. The measure- oe are: wing 3°26, tail 3, bill at front 0°55, tarsus 0-96, hind claw 0-4 inch. 1872.| F. Stoliczka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. 245 602. AGRODROMA CAMPESTRIS. Common. 646. PaARUS NUCHALIS. I shot two specimens during December in the Western part of Kachh, and I saw a few more at various other localities, but the species is decidedly rare. It frequents low jungles, thin and thorny, such as they are in Kachh. Above, glossy black, somewhat duller on back and tail; nuchal patch, a band about the middle of the wing, extending only to the basal por- tion of the inner web of the second primary, the extreme tips of all wing feathers, the greater part of the margins of the outer webs of the three or four last primaries, a narrow subterminal outer edge of three or four last seconda- ries, the broad outer margins, also involving the tips of the tertials, the first outer tail feather entirely, the second nearly so. (except on shaft and on the edge of inner web), the outer web of the third last, and the tips of all the succeeding feathers, (decreasing to the centre one), white. A broad black band from the lower mandible along the centre of the underside to. the abdomen, broadest in front and on breast. Sides from: the angle of the mouth to the lower tail coverts including white, on the side of breast, the belly and abdomen, tinged with very pale but distinctly fulvous green. Tibial feathers white in front, black behind ; some of the longest lower tail eoverts are blackish at the base of the inner web, the remainder all white. Wing 2:7 to 2°75, tail 271 to 2:25; tarsus 0°65; bill at front 0°35. Bill black ; legs plumbeous, very stout. This is probably the most northern part of the country in which the species occurs. The two specimens above described slightly differ in size and coloration from Jerdon’s description and figure of a South Indian example, but both evidently are the same species. 663. Corvus (ANOMALOCORAX) IMPUDICUS, Hodgs. This name is adopted by G. R. Gray (Handl., II, 14) for the Indian crow, C. splendens, Tem., being referred to Java and Sumatra. It is the only representant of the Corvide, but is very common. throughout Kachh. 684, ACRIDOTHERES TRIsTIS. Very common. In several places I saw this species associating at dusk in great num- bers near tanks where there was high grass growing, and at night fall they disappeared under a tremendous noise like shooting stars in the arundinaceous forest, with the peculiar rapid turn in their flight, exactly as Stwrnus vul- garis does in Europe. The entire plumage is much duller in winter than in summer, and is exactly like that of A. fuscus. he first primary is minute and the fourth the longest. In one specimen, the second primary is entirely white, and some of the first tertials are also white. This is evidently an accidental 246 F. Stoliczka—Mammals and Burds inhabiting Kachh. [No. 3, variation in the plumage, perhaps the first step to albinism. The wing varies in four specimens from 5°5 to 59; tail 3:5 to 3°75; tarsus 14 to 1:6; bill at front 0°65 to 0°7 inch. 685. ~“ACRIDOTHERES GINGINIANUS. Not very common, except locally in the eastern parts of Kachh (Wagur district). In young specimens from Bengal the bill is blackish green at base, the wing spot pure white and the under tail coverts and tips of tail feathers dusky white, intead of pale ferruginous. In addition to the three species, given by Jerdon, G. R. Gray (Handl., TI, 20) separates A. grandis, Hodgs. = cristatellus, Vig., from Nepal, and ? ater, V., = griseus, Blyth (part), from Pondicherry. 687. TEMENUCHUS PAGODARUM. - Rare. I have seen it only on three or four occasions in pairs. Jerdon’s description is rather short. It should state that the lengthened brown fea- thers pass round the whole neck. The two middle tail feathers are ashy brown, and blackish along the shafts, the remainder dark brown, tipped with white, the latter colour increasing in amount towards the outer feathers ; lower tail and under coverts of the wings white, tibial feathers ashy white ; there is a small black spot at the base of the lower mandible, and the chin quite in front is also tinged blackish. 690. PasTOR ROSEUS. Very common from about the middle of November. G. R. Gray (Handl. II, 19) quotes the Indian bird as distinct from the European and Western Asiatic under the name P. ? peguanus, Less. I do not know whether a second species exists in Barma, but surely the Western Indian bird is not different from the European one, which in former years I had very abundantly seen in various parts of Hungary. It is a rare bird in Western Europe. 694. PLOCEUS BAYA. This is the smaller bird,* described by Jerdon under the above name. Although nests were very numerously seen on branches overhanging river banks &c., the birds themselves were very rare; most of them must have retired to some other more wooded districts, but they are said to return in the rainy season, when they breed. 703. Munta Manaparica. Extremely common. I found the species breeding abundantly during November, December and January in deserted nests of the weaver bird, P. baya ; and I was told by my shikari that the JZwnia never builds its own nest, always using that of baya, as soon as the latter had finished breeding at the end of the rains. However, I have at least on two occasions seen a Munia working on an imperfect nest of the P. baya, evidently the birds * Comp. ante, p. 167. 1872.] F. Stoliczka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. 247 were repairing it. There certainly were other apparently finished nests with eggs in them, their bases were rather flat, irregular and the entrances were lateral ; these looked to me as nests repaired by unie. I found from 6 to 12 eggs in one of them; more than one pair appeared to lay in the same nest, or rather the birds did not seem to be very particular in which nest they lay ; they appear to be very communistic in this respect. ‘The eggs are white, varying in shape from elongately oval to almost globular. The former is the prevalent type, averaging in size about 16 by 12 (changing to 1i and 13) m.m.; one of the extreme forms of the globular type measures 19 by 17 m.m. ; 706. PassER INDICUS. Very common. T have seen the wing of this species in India vary from 2°75 to 3:25 inch. I wonder, if really good series of the Huropean and the Asiatic spar- rows were made, whether it would be possible to define in words the dis- tinction between indicus and domesticus ; I doubt it. 711. FErovemia (GYMNORIS) FLAVICOLLIS. Common. The bill of this species certainly more resembles Mringilla than Passer, and so does the habit, the call, and the general tone of plumage of the bird. 714bis. FRINGILLARIA* STRIOLATA. Comp. Hume in Ibis, 1870, vi, p. 399. Local and usually seen in pairs, between low bushes on slightly elevated or hilly ground. é wing 31; tail 2°35; tarsus 0°63; billat front 0°36 inch. 2 ” 3 my O § ” a) H.W 9 9° This bird was only lately added to the Indian fauna by Mr. Hume. Kachh specimens perfectly agree with Mr. Hume’s account. 716. CrrRINeLta} (Guycysprna) Hurroni. Very common. Males have the head lighter ashy than females ; and in both sexes the feathers on top of it are slightly darkened along the middle line. The males are also more rufous below, having a broad patch of that colour on the breast. A dark streak from the base of the lower mandible on each side is well marked in both sexes, and the pale mandibular streak has a slight yellowish rufescent tinge. I cannot help doubting the specific distinctness of this bird from hortulana, as far as | remember the Huropean bird. The note of both is exactly the same. 756. Mirarra ERyTHROPTERA. Not common. I shot once a specimen sitting on a bush about 5 feet high, and pouring forth a rather pleasing song. * The species of this genus are almost entirely African, the present species appears to be the most eastern straggler. + The generic name Hmberiza has been restricted for the type EH. nivalis, L., therefore nearly all Indian Emberizine are referable to Citrinella, 248 F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. [No. 3, 758. AMMOMANES PHENICURA. Common. Wing 4 to 4°3 ; tail 2°83 to 2°5 ; tarsus 0°8 to 0°86 and bill 0.5.* 760. PYRRHULAUDA GRISEA. Common. Gray (Handl. II, 123) gives affinis, Blyth, as a distinct species from ‘ Madras.’ 761. Ataupa (CALANDRELLA) BRACHYDACTYLA. Common. Wing in three specimens only 3°6 to 3°7 inch, tarsus 0°7 5 to 08. 765. AtaupA (SPIZALAUDA) DEVA. Very common. The measurements agree with those given by Jerdon, the length of the wing only varying between 3°3 and 3-4 inch. Mr. Hume (Journal A. 8. B. xxxix, pt. ii, p. 120) separated a very closely allied and slightly smaller form as Sp. simillima. 'The length of the wing of the Kachh lark is inter- mediate between his measurements (loc. cit.) of the two forms ; and so also appears to be the general tone of the plumage, not being either parti- cularly rufous, nor pale or sandy colour. ‘The lining of the wing is slightly tinged with rufous in a young, but is of a purely fawn or sandy in two adults. The male has the hind toe and claw 0°8, the female 0°7, the former has also the feathers of the crest somewhat longer than the latter. 770. CERTHTLAUDA (ALEMON) DESERTORUM. Wing 5:1 to 5:3 inch. Jerdon does not mention the dark mustachial streak which is always well marked. All my specimens have the upper plu- mage brownish sandy-grey, exactly like those obtained by Mr. Blanford in Abyssinia, while Jerdon noticed an Indian example with dark plumage, pro- bably resembling Gould’s figurein Birds of Europe. 'They are evidently the same birds. (Comp. Blanford, Geol. and Zool. Abyssinia, 1870, p. 385). Gray (Handlist, II, 121) gives Finsch’s Jessez as distinct from desertorwm, although their identity has been, I believe, unquestionably proved by Finsch himself (vide Append. II, to that author’s Report on birds from Abyssinia, &¢., p. 316). I have obtained this desert lark only on the Rann, between the main- land of Kachh and the islands of Pacham, Kharir, &c., but even in these true desert localities it seems to be rare; for I have not seen more than a dozen examples altogether; generally two of them in society were seen busily hunting after grain on the soft, muddy track, leading through the Rann. 788. CoLUMBA INTERMEDIA. Very common. There is scarcely a well in Kachh in which a colony of these pigeons would not breed, and they appear to do this all the year round, as if domes- ticated. 794. TURTUR CAMBAYENSIS. Very common, 796. s RISORIUS. Very common. * The numbers referring to these two last measurements are evidently trans- posed in Jerdon’s book, loc cit. p. 422. 1872.] F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. 249 797. Turtur HUMis. Common. 799. PTEROCLES ARENARIUS. This is by no means a common bird in Kachh. I only met with it in the south-eastern parts of the province on large grassy plains or fields. 800. PrERocLES FASCIATUS. Very common. The crepuscular habit of this bird must be explained by its coming to drink at, or little after, dusk. Hundreds of them used to arrive, under a loud chuckling call, to the wells or tanks where I was usually encamped. After they had satisfied their thirst they generally walked away quietly and remained for the night in the neighbouring fields, although they were often constantly alarmed by other animals who came to the wells during the night. When flushed for the first time in the jungles during the day, they generally take only a short flight and drop down again, but when flushed a second time they betake themselves a much greater distance. On the 22nd December, I came across a couple of old birds with 3 young ones, only about one or two days hatched. This must have been exceptional, as the usual breeding season of these birds is much earlier, during the rains. 802. - PrEROCLES ExuSTUS. Very common. Comp. Journ. A. S. B. xxxviul, pt. 1, p. 189. In many females the central rectrices are quite as much elongated as in the males, at least during the winter. A young male shot in November is coloured above like the female, but the chin is whitish, the pectoral band altogether absent, and the sides of the abdomen are nearly as rufous brown, as in the adult male. 803. Pavo cristaTus. Very common. The sacred bird of the Thakurs of the country. 818. FRANCOLINUS VULGARIS. $. Wing 6:3, tail nearly 4, tarsus 1°75 inch. ; 2 a trifle smaller. Out of eight specimens none has the wing under6 inch. ‘The birds are larger than usual, and though generally distributed, they are not common, and solitary. I shot two or three in the Wagur district, but have not seen nor heard through the whole of Kachh of a different kind of black partridge, as ‘indicated by Capt. McMurdo and Mr. Hume, (comp. Journ. A. S. B. vol. xxxvill, pt. 1, p. 190 and vol. xxxix, pt. i, p. 121); and I can only conclude that Capt. McMurdo was misled by the size of the bird, so as to regard it as a different species. ‘To what species Mr. Hume’s bird belonged, it is really difficult to say. They generally roost on low trees. 822. ORTYGORNIS PoNTICERIANUS. Very common. $. Wing 5'5 to 5°75, tail 3°3 to 3°6, tarsus 1:4 to 1°5.* The wing in two females in 5:25 and 5°5 inch, they have the throat distinctly tinged with ferruginous, while in the males it is almost quite * Jerdon says ‘not quite 2” ! 250 F. Stoliczka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. [No. 3, white. This partridge is extremely common throughout the country, it is quite a homely bird and often enters houses. It invariably roosts on trees, particularly on the Kundu, two or three generally sitting together on a branch between a thick cover of foliage. It generally goes to roost shortly after sunset. 827. PrRDICULA AstaTIcA. Not common. All the feathers of the upper plumage have in the male one, or generally two, tawny spots along the shafts, bordered with dark. 829. Corurnrx communis. Local. 832. Turnrx TAtcoor. I have seen and shot this quail only on two occasions, they were solitary males. 836. Eupoporrs epwarpstit. Not common. (The bustard of Europeans). 837. Hovupara Macqurrntt. Common, and though generally distri- buted, it is most abundant in the eastern and southern portions of Kachh. 839. SyPHEOTIDES AvRITUS. The florican is not found during the winter, but is very abundant during the rains. 840b7s. Cursorius JaAmMEsONI, Jerdon,? = Gatticus. Very common. Wing 6°3 to 6°75, tail 2°4 to 2°7, tarsus 2°1 to 2°3, bill at front 0°8 to Linch. In the young the whole of the upper plumage is isabelline, crossed by somewhat undulating dark lines or narrow bands, and the black wing feathers are margined towards the tips with pale; the lower plumage is generally albescent throughout, pale isabelline on breast and with a few brown cross lines. The first change is indicated by the appearance of the white occipital band, then comes the ashy on the occiput, then the lower black band from behind the eye, and at last the cross black band, separating the ashy from the white on the hind occiput. As this gradual change in the occipital bands takes place, the brown lines on the other plumage are gradually disappearing, and young birds shot in January still had them on the wing coverts and on the vent, but somewhat later every trace of the brown lines disappeared, and in the adult the isabelline plumage has a conspicuous rufescent tinge on forehead, hind neck, scapulars and on the upper side of the tail. I have no specimen of the European bird to compare, but as far as I remember it from having often seen it in former years in Southern Hungary, it strikes me that the flight and the habits of C. gallicus are somewhat different. The Indian bird appears to be more solitary, its flight seems to be slightly heavier, and the voice more shrill. 849, AXGIALITES cURONICUS. Common. Gray (Handl., III, 15) gives ewronicus, Besck, as synonym of fluvia- ‘tilis, but quotes Philippinus, Lath., from India. 852. CHETTUSIA? GREGARIA. Very common in open country, and often seen with Cwrsorius. 1872.] F. Stoliezka—Wammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. 251 Winter plumage: Forehead and superciliary band passing round the occiput white, the former slightly, the latter distinctly tinged with rufous ; top of head impure blackish brown ; back of neck pale rufescent ashy, many of the feathers being usually tipped pale; general plumage above slightly olivaceous ashy brown, somewhat darker on the rump ; primaries black, secon- daries white, tertials olivaceous, the last feathers much lengthened ; upper tail coverts white ; tail white, with a black subterminal band, not extending on the outermost feathers. Lores white, with the shaft of the feathers black and the nude terminations somewhat prolonged ; a narrow blackish streak through the eye ; ear coverts, and sides of neck slightly rufescent brown, passing on to the breast, on which most of the feathers are subterminally darkened, forming subtrigonal marks. Chin, throat, and the whole lower side from beyond the breast, including lower wing and lower tail coverts, pure white. Wing & to 8:3; tail 3°5 to 3:7; tarsus 2°2 to 2:3; bill at front 1-1 to 1:2. Gray (Handlist, III, 11) adopts the name Wagleri for the Indian bird, but I do not know in what our bird differs from the Huropean gregaria. A comparison of authentic specimens is needed. 855. LoBIvANELLUS INDICUS, (Bood.) Very common. G. R. Gray, (Hand-list, III, 11,) gives LZ. indicus, Bodd., = goensis, Gm., = atrogularis, Wagl. Wing 8°5 to 8-9; tail 4:25 to 4°75; tarsus 2°75 to 2-9; bill at front 1:2 to 1:3 inch. It generally keeps near villages about tanks and wells. At the first dawn its characteristic call is heard and re- peated all round the habitations. 856. SARCIOPHORUS BILOBUS. Very common. Average measurements of six specimens, shot in December and Janu- ary. Wing 7-7 to 8, tail 3:1 to 3:3, tarsus 2°3 to 2°5; bill at front 1:1 to 1-2 inch. The black of the top of head is in winter generally mixed with greyish brown, and in younger birds it is almost entirely brown; the chin in the young is whitish, while in adults apparently it is in winter much mixed with black. Gray (Hand-list, III, 12) gives Hoplopterus Brissonii, Wagl. = bilobus, Alig. == ludoviciana var f., Lath., from India; and H. (Lobipluvia) malabaricus, Bodd., = bilobus, Gm. == myops, Less., from Malabar. If the latter reference applies to our bird, it has in that case to stand as malabaricus, which would not be a very appropriate name for it. 859. CipicneMus rnpiIcus, Salvadori. Common. Comp. Atti R. Acad. Sc. Nat. 1866, viii, and Ibis, 1866, IT, p. 415. Average measurements of six specimens: Wing 8'5 to 88; tail 425 to 45; tarsus 2°8 to 3°3, bill at front 1:45 to 1°65 inch. The bird is called Chackua by the natives. Gray (Hand-l., III, 9) questions the distinctness of indicus from 33 252 F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. [No. 3, erepitans of Kurope; it certainly barely differs ; the nude space behind the eye is in the European bird of less extent, than it is im the Indian. 863. Grus anTIGONE. Tolerably common. A sacred bird with the Mahomedans, who will not killa Saras. Itis almost always seen in pairs. 865. GRus CINEREA. Common. About the beginning of February the birds collected in very large flocks, and by the middle of that month nearly all of them were gone, only solitary and probably sickly birds remaining. 871. GALLINAGO SCOLOPACINUS. As there are very few swampy grounds, the bird is of course very rare. I have not seen more than about a dozen pairs. One has the wing 5-2, tail 9-2, tarsus 1°3; middle toe with claw 1:5; bill 2°9 inch. The shorter lower wing coverts are white with blackish bars and the longer ones grey with white edges, which in G. stenwra are replaced by white and dark bars. 875. Limosa ®GOCEPHALA. Very common. All the specimens I shot had the white of the face round the bill, ex- tending over a portion of the superciliary band, tinged with golden. It is a very restless and quarrelsome bird, whenever two of them meet each other on the edge of the water. Before the end of October few birds were seen, but they became plentiful about the middle of November. In February none had yet changed their winter garb. 880. PHImoMACHUS PUGNAX. Very common. Male: wing 7°3 to 7°7; tail 2:25 to 2°6; tarsus 18 to 2; middle toe with claw 1°6; bill at front 13 to 1-4. The general tone of the upper plumage above is ashy brown, the wing coverts are uniform dark brown, more or less tipped with white, but not barred. Bull blackish, more or less variegated with yellowish fleshy at the base. In the female the general tone, above, is slightly richer, all the pale color- ation having a faint rufescent tinge. In other respects both sexes are exact- ly similarly colored, all the feathers of the upper plumage being darker about the centres. Her bill is black and the feet greenish black. Wing 6:15; tail 2:2; tarsus 1°55, mid toe with claw 1:4; bill at front 1:2 inch. I have seen them generally feeding in company with pigeons near places where grain was collected after the harvest. 885. Trinca Temmincku. Not common. 891. AcrTiTIs GLAREOLA. Very common. Specimens, shot in December and January, have the longer upper and lower tail coverts with dark blackish cross bars, the latter besides streaked with the same colour along the shafts. The outermost tail feathers as a rule have some dark spots on the outer webs. 1872.] F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. 253 892. A. ocHRopus. Very common. The outermost tail feathers have as a rule a minute subterminal dark spot on the outer web, and the same applies to the longest upper tail-coverts. 893. A. HypoLEUCUS. Very common. 894. Toranus eLorris. Very common. Average measurements of four specimens: wing 7:2 to 7°8; tail 3-2 to 3-4, tarsus 2°4 to 2°6; bill at front 2:1 to 2°2 inch. Most of the upper tail coverts have dark cross bars, like the tail. There is a dusky streak from the base of the upper mandible towards the eye, superseded by a pure white band. Outer web of first minute primary and the shaft of the second, the longest one, white. 896. ‘I. ruscus. Very rare. The middle tail feathers have in a specimen distinct dark cross bars along the margins of both webs. First long primary with a white shaft, all are towards the margins of the inner webs minutely variegated with white and dusky brown. 897. T. caurpris. Rare. Wing 6°5,-tail 2°5, tarsus 2-1, bill at front 1:8 inch. The first long primary has a white shaft, and all are albescent on the margin of the inner web ; lower tail coverts more or less streaked or spotted with dusky ; breast cinereous, all feathers dark-shafted. 898. HiIMANTOPUS INTERMEDIUS, Blyth. Very common. The birds with brownish back and scapulars, blackish hind-head, and with a grey neck, are young. In some specimens the whole neck is white and the occiput black. One adult male, shot in February, had the whole head white, somewhat dusky behind the eye, on the occiput and a little lower below the occiput pure black, then purely white, back and wing glossy greenish black, rump white, tail ashy ; below entirely white. It is difficult to imagine what the specific distinction should be between such a bird and, for instance, Gould’s figure of H. autwmnalis, Hasselq. = melanopterus, Tem., in ‘ Birds of Kurope,’ Gray (Hand-l., III, 47) quotes H. candidus, Bonn., as synonym of the Eu- ropean autumnalis, reserving Blyth’s name imtermedius for the Indian bird, but I do not think that the question as to the specific distinctness of the two can be considered as settled. As regards size I found in Kachh specimens the following variations : wing 9 to 9°7 ; tail 3:2 to 3°3, tarsus 4°25 to 5:3 ; bill 2°5 to 3 inch. 899. RzEcurvrrostra avocerra. Not common. In what appear to be rather young birds the dark upper coloration is mixed with brown, and the short wing coverts are mostly pale brown. An adult in full plumage, shot at the beginning of January, measures : wing 9°3, tail 3°5, tarsus 3°7, bill in a straight line from front to tip 3°35, this 254 F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. {No. 3, being equal to the length of lower mandible from chin to tip, measured along the curve. 901. HYDROPHASIANUS SINENSIS. I have seen only a few specimens on the larger lakes. The species breeds in Cashmir. 903. FULICA ATRA. Is generally only seen on the larger lakes. One, rather a large specimen, measures : wing 8°6, tail 2°3, tarsus 2°5, mid toe with claw 3°8, bill to base of disk 1:9, from gape 1:5, height of bill at base 0°7. The bird is evidently an old one, it was one of a pair; the plumage in the middle of the breast is conspicuously mixed with white ; the extreme edge of wing is white and the secondaries albescent. 923. ARDEA CINEREA. Not common. There is a great deal of pure black at the sides of the base of neck and of the anterior breast, extending on either side to the middle of the abdomen, in other respects the plumage agrees with Jerdon’s description which is of course that of the winter garb. 926. HeRopIAs INTERMEDTA, v. Hasselquist, = EGRETTOTDES (Tem.). Very common. Wing 138, tail 4°75, tarsus 5, mid toe with claw 3°75; bill at front 3°5 inch. Comp. G. R. Gray, Handl. III, 28. 927. H. GaRZzErTa. Rare, and while the former species is usually seen near tanks, the pre- sent one prefers streams, and appears to be more solitary. Wing 11:25, tail 4:25, tarsus 4°25, mid toe with claw 3, bill at front 3°65 inch. This speci- men was shot on 21st February ; it had the occipital crest not fully, but the dorsal train and lengthened pectoral feathers well developed. 928. DeEMIGRETTA sacra, Gmel., = asHa, Sykes. Not common. Comp. G. R. Gray, Handl. ITI, 28. In a couple of young birds, with brownish ashy plumage and white on the throat and winglet, the wing is 10°75, tail 3°5, tarsus 3°9, mid toe with claw 2°8, bill at front 3°5 inch. 929. Bupnus coromannus. Very common. Birds shot on 19th December (i. e. in the middle of the winter-months) had the upper head tinged golden, and a few golden occipital crest feathers about one inch in length. Wing 9°75, tail 3°5 to 3°8, tarsus 3°5, mid toe with claw 2.75, bill at front 2°3 to 2-4, the same from gape 3:2 inch. 930. ARDEOLA LEUCOPTERA. Not common. Wing 9 and tail 3°5 inch. 931. Burormes savantca. I have only seen, and shot, a solitary specimen, with the pale triangular spots on all the wing coverts. 937. NycriarpEa nycTicorax, L. = Wycticorax griseus. Is also decidedly rare in Kachh. I have seen only a few specimens in the plumage of the young, which in general tone is very like that of the 1872.] FE. Stoliczka—MWammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. 255 previous species, but without the strong metallic lustre. One measures : wing barely 11 inches, bill 2°5,the other measurements exactly agree with those given by Jerdon. 938. TANTALUS LEUCOCEPHALUS, Very local, and a shy bird. An apparently old specimen, but with a broad dark brown band (the feathers in it being, however, tipped white) across the hind breast, shot on Sth February, measures: wing 21°5, tail 7, (the longer lower tail coverts beimg very much lengthened, soft and decomposed), tarsus 10, mid toe with claw 5:2; bill at front 11 inch. 939. PULATALEA LEUCORODIA. Rare. 941. THRESKIORNIS MELANOCEPHALUS. The single specimen seen, and shot in December, has the entire plu- mage white, merely the lengthened tertials are pale silvery ash towards their terminal halves. Measurements the same as those given by Jerdon. 942. GERONTICUS PAPILLOSUS. Very common. The bill of this species is slenderer, but not longer than that of the last. 944. PHENICOPTERUS ANTIQUORUM, Temm. Comp. Gray in Ibis, 1869, v, p. 441. I saw only two or three flocks of this species at some large tanks in the Wagur district, young and old birds associating. 952. DENDROCYGNA ARCUATA. Rare. 957. SpPaTuLa CLYPEATA. Very common. There was scarcely a pool of water to be met with without a few of these birds on it. 961. CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS. Very common. On the Ist November, I met with six half grown ducks on a small lake near the village Dhosa. I shot one, but unfortunately did not preserve it. At the time I had the impression that I shot a young gadwall, and certainly it could only have been either this species, or Anas boschas which I saw on the same lake; but J rather think it was the former. [I did not know at the moment that the breeding of the gadwall had not been recorded in India. 962. Darina acura. Common. 964. QUERQUEDULA CRECCA. Very common. 968. AyTHYA FERINA. Rare. An apparently young female with the upper plumage as in the old, but with the whole of the underparts dull white mixed with pale brown, tinged rufous on chin, neck and breast, and of a somewhat darker hue on the vent, measures : wing 8, tail 2, tarsus 1°45, mid toe with claw 2°6, hind toe with claw 0°75, bill from gape 2 inch. 969. AyTHya NyRocA. Rare. 256 F. Stoliczka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. (No. 3, 971. Furrx* cristata. Not common. 975. Popiceps MINOR? = Puriiprensis, Bonn. = minor, var. B., Gm. Very common. Wing 4 to 4°25 ; tarsus 1:3 to 1'4, mid toe with claw 2, bill at front 0:7 to 0°8, from gape 1:1 to i:2 inch. 980. Larus (CHROICOCEPHALUS) BRUNICEPHALUS.T Not common, except along the coast and locally inthe Rann. The respective measurements of two specimens are: wing 12°3 and 13-4, tail 4-4 and 4°8; tarsus 2 and 2:22; mid toe with claw 1°65 and 1:8; bill at front 1:3 and 1:5; from gape 2-2 and 2°6 inch. ‘The iris is chocolate brown, bill yellowish, black towards tip ; feet yellowish brown. The quills are black; except towards the base, and beginning with the fourth all have a small white tip, gradually increasing in extent on the succeeding feathers. Both specimens, although somewhat small in size, agree perfectly in coloration, which does not appear to differ from the winter plumage of this bird, as usually recorded. 983. GELICHELIDON NILOTICA, Hasselq., = anglica, Mont. Local, and not common, except on or along the Rann. Average measure- ments of three birds, with the loreal region blackish, the occiput and top of head ashy white, and the grey primaries externally tipped darker on both webs : wing 11:2 to 11:8; tail 4°5 to 4°8; tarsus 1°3 to 1°35; mid toe with claw 1:15 ; bill at front 1°35 to 1°5 inch. Iris, feet and bill entirely black. 984. HyDROCHELIDON INDICA. I saw a considerable number of these birds on the tanks in the Rann islands, Pacham and Kharir, but scarcely any on the tanks in Kachh proper. Tris and bill in fresh specimens black{ ; feet blackish brown. 1005. Gracunus carBo. Not uncommon on the larger lakes. 1007. GracuLtus (MicrocarBo) MELANOGNATHUS, Brandt. G. R. Gray (Handl., III, 129) gives javanieus of Horsfield as a syno- nym of the above, but he allows mer, Vieillot, as a distinct species from “S. Asia.’ 1008. PLOTUS MELANOGASTER. I met with only solitary specimens of both this and the preceding species. ~ * Fuliz, Sundey., 1835 = Fuligula, Seph., ex parte; vide G. R. Gray, Handl., IIT, 86. + Gould has besides this and ridibundus a new species, named Tibetanus. {t In dried specimens the bill has distinctly a reddish tinge. 1872.] F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh. - 257 Postscript. While the preceding pages were passing through the press, I received from Dr. W. de Tatham at Bhuj a few additional specimens of mammals and tortoises, of which I had not been able to obtain examples at the time of my visit. They are— Pteropus medius, mentioned at p. 223. The specimen sent agrees in all essential points of structure and coloration with those from other parts of India; it has a total length of about 11°5 inches, which is very nearly the length of the middle finger; the ears are 1:2 inch long and only 0-7 inch broad, while in other specimens from India the ears generally have a sreater breadth. Most of the Indian specimens also have a considerably longer middle finger. Hrinaceus pictus, see p. 223. An adult specimen of this species is 6°5 inches long ; in coloration it exactly agrees with the half grown one from which my description was taken, except that the lower belly is less brown, the white extending to nearly within the interfemoral space. In the younger specimen the dentition is normal, agreeing (according to Owen’s Comparative Anat. and eae III, p. 808) with that of H. ewropeéus, the formula being 7. = + ©. + p os Say Mm. —_ 36. The two ante- rior incisors are very far a4 and oo the form of canines of Carnivora, the third on each sideis very much larger than the second, which again is con- siderably smaller in the upper than in the lower jaw. What is considered as a canine in the upper jaw, is by other Osteologists often accepted as the first premolar. ‘The true first premolar in the upper jaw is smaller than the canine, the second premolar is minute, and in the adult specimen it is altogether absent, it has probably become obsolete; the last premolar is tricuspid im upper and bicuspid in lower he ; the formula of the adult dentition would, therefore, appear to be 5 a = +5 = 5 +55 s+5 SSS Sh but there is a short space visible between ae ee a ie in a sie jaw, while the first premolar is very close to the canine. Of tortoises Dr. Tatham sent me a specimen of the Zestuwdo, mentioned in my notice* on the Reptiles of Kachh ; it proved to be 7. elegans, Schoef, as recorded by Giinther, or Peltastes stellatus, (Schweig.), according to Gray. (Suppl. to Cat. of Shield Rept., 1870, p. 8). The Hmyda referred to in the same notice is, Dr. Anderson informs me, * Proceedings for May, p. 72. By an error, I stated that the species, which was described to me by a native, is like 7. Grayi, which specific name should be Leithit of Gunther. 258 F. Day—WNotes on Fish from Kachh. [ No. 3, most probably vittata of Peters. He sent a drawing of a middle-aged specimen to Prof. Peters, who says that there is no distinction traceable between the figure of the Kachh specimen and the type of vittata. The head, above, is spotted with dark, and the entire carapace is marked with very numerous irregularly radiating dark streaks. The granulation of the carapace becomes apparent after the epidermis has dried up, in fresh specimens no trace of it is tobe seen. Young specimens are rather flat, but in old ones the convexity of the carapace is very considerable, and the shell is somewhat depressed along the centre. The species is common both in rivers and tanks, and is often met with crawling from one pool of water to another ; i have seen specimens up to a length of 15 inches. One, recently received, has the carapace 10°5 inches long, and 7:7 broad across the abdomen; and the total height is nearly 3:5 inches. ‘The odd osseous antero-central plate of the sternum is broadly rounded, somewhat narrower in front than behind, 1:3 inch long and 1°5 inch broad; the two posterior plates form a suture, 2-3 inch long, they are perfectly united, as in H. Ceylonensis, which has a quite similar coloration, and to which vzttata is united by Gray in Shield Rept., 1870, p. 117. Notes oN Fisu, coniecreD BY Dr. Sroniczka In KacHy,— by Surgeon Major ¥. Day. [Received 26th June, read 3rd July, 1872. | T am indebted to Dr. Stoliczka for the following eighteen species of fish with their local names, collected by him during his recent tour through Kachh. They are interesting as extending our knowledge of the localities to which species spread, and also as first demonstrating the existence of the Genus Cyprinodon in the fresh waters of India. Fom.—Gosupa. 1. Gobius giuris, Ham. Buch. Kharba Mah. Tulli, Kachh. Five specimens up to 6 inches in length. The inferior pharyngeal bones are each of a triangular shape, the base being external, whilst the two bones are closely approximated together along nearly two-thirds of their internal margins. Fum.—OPuiocEPHALIDm. 2. Opliocephalus punctatus, Bl. Dhor, Kachh ; Dhaka by foreigners. Ham.— CYPRINODONTIDE. 3. CYPRINODON STOLICZKANUS, sp. nov. ERIE DS ET VE Vo oI AiO, IS. I Ih, Ag, Ih, “ae, Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/4, of dorsal and anal fins 1/3, Gn the males), about 1/8 in the females, of the total length. yes: 1872.] F. Day—Wotes on Fish from Kachh. 259 diameter 1/3 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 13 diameters apart. Head thick, snout somewhat obtuse, upper jaw rather protractile. Zeethin a single row, compressed, tricuspid. Mims: dorsai, ‘in the males, commences midway between the middle of the eye and the base of the caudal fin, opposite the ninth scale of the lateral line, whilst in the females its origin is between the opercle and the base of the caudal, but still opposite the 9th scale of the lateral line. In the males the dorsal and anal fins when laid flat reach the base of the caudal; the anal com- mences below the last dorsal ray. Caudal lunate, its outer rays being slightly produced. The ova are exceedingly large, almost equalling the diameter of the eye, of the same size as in Haplochilus panchax, H. B. The length of the intestinal canal equals about three times that of the abdomen. Colowrs: male, yellowish green, reticulated with brownish green, a small black spot on the shoulder behind the opercle ; dorsal fin spotted, anal more sparingly so ; caudal yellowish with a crescentic black band in its outer third, and a second less wide (but still broader than the ground colour) between the outer one and the root of the caudal fin. Female, silvery, with about nine vertical black bands extending from the back to the abdo- men. Out of 28 specimens the largest is 1:6 inches in length; they were obtained in a small nearly quite fresh-water stream at the village Joorun, and also at Lodai, along the edge of the Rann. 4. Haplochilus rubrostigma, Jerdon. I found this species likewise in the fresh waters of the hills between Sind and Biltchistan., Fam. CyPRiInip®. 5. Discognathus lamta, Ham. Buch. Malék, Kachh. 6. Labeo calbasu, Ham. Buch. Dai, Kachh. Out of five specimens three have D. ;3;, and in the majority the length of the head is 1/5 of that of the total length. This fish is found in Sind, and I have also taken it at Jabalpur in Central India &c. 7. Labeo boggut Sykes. Loi, Kachh. B III. D. 2/9, P. 17, V. 9, A. 2/5, L. 1. 6(O—65, L. tr. 123/15. Length of head 2/11, height of body 2/5 of the total length. yes : diameter 2/9 of length of head, 13 diameters from end of snout and 2 dias meters apart. Snout thick and somewhat projecting beyond the lower jaw, having a small lateral lobe. Interorbital space convex. A small maxillary but no rostral barbel. Lower lip fimbriated, sometimes having a distinct inner fold ; pores on the snout in some specimens. ns: dorsal commence somewhat in advance of the ventrals, and nearer the end of the snout than the root of the caudal. Lateral line: eight to nine rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin. Colows : silvery, darkest superi- orly, occasionally a series of light vertical bands descend along the middle o! the side ; fins orange. ; od 260 F. Day—Wotes on Fish from Kachh. [No. 3, Several specimens up to 6 inches long from Kachh ; others from Pina and Jabalpur, where it was termed “ Kolees,” as stated by Sykes; and one specimen in the Calcutta Museum came from Nagpur. Very probably this species may prove to be identical with Tylognathus® striolatus, Giinther, which is stated to have come from Pina. 8. Cirrhina mrigala, Ham. Buch. Moraka, Kachh, Snout tuberculated; length of head 1/5 in the total length ; five ves mens up to 8 inches in length. 9. Cirrhina bata, Ham. Buch. Tehirri, Kachh. Several specimens up to 6 inches in length. 10. Cirrhina dero, Ham. Buch. By EOD S Sy eee TIS VS ANS Ais (Ch IS by Ie ai), JUL te, 79/7 Length of head 2/11, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5, of aoe fin 1/6 of total length. yes rather high up, diameter 1/5 of length of head, 14 dia- meters from end of snout, and 2 diameters apart. Mazillary barbels minute and concealed in the groove. Snout rather overhanging the mouth and having some open glands across it. Lower jaw the shorter, with a ridge above the symphysis. Hs: dorsal commences midway between the end of the snout and the posterior border of the base of the anal fin, its last ray divided to the root, its upper border very concave, the anterior two and the last ray being elongated ; pectoral rather shorter than the head, and not reaching so far as the ventral ; caudal deeply forked, its lobes being of equallength. Scales : 53 rows between the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin. Colowrs: greyish superiorly as low as the row of scales above the lateral line, wherefrom it becomes silvery white. Several specimens up to 6 inches long. I also obtained two others in Calcutta. I should have hesitated identifying this fish with Hamilton Buchanan’s merely from the engraving ; for that shows very long barbels, but is otherwise correct, even to the relative proportions, but in the text he observes “at each corner of the mouth is a minute tendril.” 11. Barbus sarana, Ham. Buch. Popri, Kachh. 12. Barbus ticto, Ham. Buch. Phiart, Kachh. No black spot at the commencement of the lateral Ime; dorsal and anal fins tipped with black. 13. Barbus stigma, Cuv. and Val. Very numerous. 14. Barbus vittatus, Day. ‘Twelve specimens up to 1°5 of an inch in length. The last undivided dorsal ray is articulated. 15. Nuria danrica, Ham. Buch. 16. Rasbora daniconius, Ham. Buch. Jonir or Gooner, Kachh. 17. Chela bacaila, Ham. Buch. Vai mateht, Kachh. Family. SivuRipz. 18. Muacrones carcio, Ham. Buch. Local, only found in the deep recesses of streams. Another larger species also occurs, it is probably Macrones aor, H. B, 1872.] 261 ON THE LAND SHELLS OF PENANG ISLAND, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ANIMALS AND ANATOMICAL NOTES ; part first, CYCLOSTOMACEA, by Dr. F. SrouiczKa. (Read and received 6th August, 1872). [ With plate X.] Penang, or Prince of Wales island, although possessing a rich vegeta- tion, growing on old metamorphic soil, a moderately hilly ground, and a moist warm climate,—all elements most favorable to Molluscous life,—has up the present time yielded a comparatively very small number of land shells, and this in spite of the repeated visits which it had received from numerous travellers to the East. I can scarcely find record of more than ten species of both Crcrostomacea and HeExnicacea, which had been reported to occur on Penang. The paucity of shells seemed to me scarcely credible; but, when visiting the island in 1869, I was not a little astonished to meet for days with nothing else except Bulimus atricallosus and citrinus, and Helix simi- laris in the low country, cultivated with coco-palms and nutmegs, while in the hills the only common species were a Rotuwla and Cycloph. Malayanus, Benson’s Helix Cymatium, described from Lancavi, being much rarer. After many days wanderings I noticed that all those portions of the ground, which at any, even remote, time shewed signs of having been once under cultivation, were hopeless in a malacological point of view, and I turned into the more wild and deep ravines of the North-Western part of the island. There, after some days search, particularly in the extensive and very dense forests along the edges of more open tracks, abounding with a rich under-vegetation, I was more successful by adding a good number of land shells to the few already known. Many of these are new to science, and as I had obtained all the species alive, and noted the peculiarities of the structure of the animals, my observations, even as regards the few formerly described species, may be useful in supplementing the information which we already possess. I shall begin in this first part of the paper with the Cyrcnostomacna, of which ten species will be reported. My remarks will on this occasion not enter into anatomical details, because I wish to reserve these for a com- prehensive study on the anatomy of all the Indian and Barmese species of this group, and the isolated facts would not prove equally interesting as when related in connection with others. In the second part, which will treat of the Henrcacera, I will, however, give all those anatomical details, which are in many imstances essential for the correct determination of the different genera. 262 F. Stoliezka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. | No. 3, Group.— CYCLOSTOMACEA. Fam. CycLovpuorip®. Genus, CrctopHorus; Montf. CycnopHorus Mazayanus. Pl. X, Figs. 1-5. Benson, A. and M. N. H., 2nd ser., vol. x, p, 269. Pfeiffer, Monograph Pneumo- nopomorum. Suppl. I, p. 42, Reeve, Conch, vol. xiii, Cyclophorus, pl. I, fig, 2. This is a tolerably common species on Penang, being generally distri- buted from near the seashore to the top of Penang hill, about 2500 feet. T have given a whole series of illustrations in order to shew the diffe- rent stages of growth, although Reeve’s figure is a very good representation of an adult specimen. Ordinarily the shell is smooth, exhibiting only the usual finer and stronger strie of growth, but the pale brown and thin cuticle when well preserved is spirally striated, the striation being more conspicuous in young- er shells than in more adult ones. Young specimens of only two or three volutions have very conspicuous transversely oblique cuticular striz, and in this stage the shell with its angular last whorl perfectly resembles Pfeiffer’s Cyclostoma (Leptopoma) Birmanum,* which is no doubt either a young of the present species or of C. Siamensis. Nearly all young Cyclophori have these transverse filiform strie of the cuticle. When larger the shell scarcely differs from that of C. Cantori, Benson, of which figures are given by Pfeiffer in Chemnitz’ Conch.-kab., and also by Reeve. I have not obtained in Penang any such small specimens with fully developed lips as are represented in those figures, but I have observed that the usual difference of the male being often slightly smaller than the female also exists in the present species, and an illustration of a nearly full erown male, given in fig. 4, comes very close to that of Reeve. Judging from the difference observed in the size of the sexes of other species, as 1s for instance very often the case in C. Pearsoni, I am inclined to the opinion that the specimens described as C. Cantori are males of C. Malayanus, the latter being females. If this were the case, the former naine would have priority over the latter, but even if the expla- nation of sexes would not in this case hold good, I believe that the form described as Cantori can scarcely be looked upon as anything else than a smaller race of DZalayanus, and vice versa. The animal is grey, darker on the head, brownish on the tentacles, pale towards the tip of the rostrum and at the basal edges of the foot. * Chemnitz’ Conchylienkabinet, Vol.IX, p. 363, and Mon. Pneum. Suppl. II, p 85. 1872.] F. Stoliezka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. 263 What Hanley figures, in Conch. Indica, pl. xlviii, fig. 4, as C. Malay- anus from the Shan States, has, I believe, nothing to do with the Penang shell, though it may represent a variety of Stamensis, or a peculiarly depressed one of flavilabris, but it is impossible to form a good idea of the character of the species from the insufficient illustration given. CrctopHorvus Borneensis, var. Pl. X, Fig. 6. Metcalfe, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1851.—Pfeiffer in Chem. Conch., XIV, p. 362 and Mon. Pneumon. p. 63.—Martens, Ost.-As. Hxped., p. 1386.—Reeve, Conch. Vol. xiii, Cyclophorus, pl. xii, fig. 50. The Penang variety of this species is flatter, somewhat sharper keeled at the periphery, and with a shghtly more expanded lip than exists in any Bornean specimens I saw, but the general type of the shell is unmistakable. It is a rare species on Penang hill; I found during many days search only two adults* and one young. The former are covered with a rather thick dark brown cuticle, marked with very fine transversely oblique and also with spiral strie, by which a kind of a very minute granulation is produced. There is a row of larger brown spots along the suture, while the rest of the whorls is densely variegated with reddish brown, most conspicuous after a partial removal of the cuticle, and the keel is slightly funiculate. This coloration is almost exactly like that of OC. porphyriticus, as figured by Pfeiffer in Chemnitz’ Conchilienkabinet. One of the most important characters of Borneensis is the straight- ness and slight concavity of the inner portion of the peristome along the umbilical margin, followed by the basal portion being somewhat produced. This character also occurs in C. aquila and perdix, with the last of which Benson’s C. porphyriticus has been considered as identical. E. v. Martens already observes (1. cit. p. 135) that it is impossible to give a well defined diagnosis of C. aquila, as the species is very variable and readily passes into Borneensis and perdiz. J have not a sufficient series of authentic specimens from different localities, but the few from Penang, Singapore and Borneo entirely support the view expressed by E. von Martens, and make it most probable that the different names noticed only refer to the principal varieties of one and the same species. It is unquestionable that even in true Bornean specimens the upper convexity of the whorls is sometimes greater sometimes less, the keel on the last whorl sharp, or obtuse, or again almost obsolete, and in consequence of this the sharp edged last whorl passes into an obtusely angular or even slightly rounded one, and that with these variations the height of the entire shell must naturally vary. I possess Singapore specimens of Borneensis which exactly agree with C. porphyriticus, as figured by Pfeiffer in Chemnitz, and as this figure is * The figured specimen is the more depressed one. 264 F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. [No. 3, authentic, being taken from the type in Benson’s collection, I would not hesitate to add porphyriticus as a synonym of Borneensis. Sowerby’s original figures of perdix (at least fig. 127 in Thes. vol. 1) and of aquila scarcely differ, and both very well agree with the form of Borneensis as usually obtained at Singapore, having the whorls above rather inflated and the periphery very ob- tusely angular. The same applies to Chemnitz’s figure of aguwila, while that of perdix, after Tenaserim specimens, very closely corresponds with one of my Penang specimens of Borneensis, except in having a greenish cuticle. Reeve’s figure of aguila is probably taken from a specimen obtained inland north of Singapore; those specimens are particularly fine and pro- bably most aberrant from the type shell, which Reeve figured as Borneensis, while his figure of perdix has the whorls as round as Siamensis, and though it may belong to the same species as represented by Sowerby’s figure 128 in Thes. vol. I, I do not think that it can at all be referred to the Borneensis group, because it appears to want the peculiar straightness of the inner portion of the peristome. The solution of this question of identity depends now upon a com- parison of the type-specimens of Sowerby’s C. perdix and aquila with a good series of typical Borneensis, as represented in Borneo, near Singapore, Malacca and Penang ; for it will also determine the nomenclature of the latter species. The animal of the Penang variety of Borneensis is uniform pale brown with a slight pinkish tinge, and covered with numerous flat greyish warts ; the foot is rather narrow and very long posteriorly, the lateral basal portion below the pedal row is warty, not sulcated; head slightly darker than the body, tentacles blackish near the tip ; eyes on small bulgings, surrounded by a pale ring; mantle greyish, thick near the margin. ‘There is scarcely a noticeable ditference in the size of the sexes. The only other species of Cyclophorus which I have to mention, and which has been described from Penang, is C. Pfeifferi of Reeve. It belongs to the section of C. tuba with a very much expanded peristome, without any markedly straight inner, or produced basal portion. JH. v. Martens (1. cit. p- 184) states that it is probably not constantly different from C. tuba, but, setting aside the more inflated whorls of the latter species, I believe, Pfesffere also differs from the last by a much more rapid increase of the volutions. In this point, as well as in the flattened and angular shape of the whorls, it, however, quite agrees with expansus, and a large specimen of this last from Tenaserim scarcely at all differs from Reeve’s illustration ; I would, therefore, be inclined to regard Pfeifferi as identical with expansus. 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. 265 Genus. OPISTHOPORUS, Bens. There is no apparent distinction between the shells of Opisthoporus and those of Spiraculum. A cursory examination of the animals of a few species also shewed, that no essential distinction exists in the general anatomical structure, and but a very slight one in the dentition. The only difference, which as far as known is a constant one, consists in the structure of the operculum. In the former genus this is discoid, horny on the inner side, calcareous on the outer, and composed of spiral lamine entirely covering a tube. In Spuraculwm the upper spiral layer is also generally calcareous, and more or less elevated, but the spiral canal is always open, not formmg a closed tube. The former structure of the operculum is peculiar to Cyclotus, the latter to Pterocyclus and some species of Cyclophorus. OPISTHOPORUS PENANGENSIS, n. sp. Pl. X, Fig. 7. O. testa sub-discoidea, apice paulwn exserta, latiuscule umbilicata, cornea solidula ; anfractibus 4:5 ad 5, teretibus, sutura profundajunctis, epidernude brunnea vel nigrescente, transversim confertissime striata, in ultimo an- Sractu ad peripheriam superam et inferam breviter ciliata, indutis, sub epi- dermudem albescentibus atque strigis transversis, brunneis vel fuscis, paulo undulatis, aut plus minusve acute angulatis, notatis ; apice sub-mammillato, nigrescente vel pallido ; wmbilico modico, fere dimidiwm latitudinis anfractus penultimi exponente ; ultimo anfractu ad aperturam valde descendente, sed haud dissoluto, ad suturam tubulo brevi tenuique, sepissime retrorswm curvato, rare fere verticali, rarissimeque antice versus directo, in speciminibus adultis crea 1:5 ad 2 mm. a margine aperturali distante, instructo ; apertura cir- culart, ampla, obliqua, peristomate in junioribus simplici, in adultis breviter bilabiato, margine labii interni paululum incrassato, sepe rubescente tincto, haud distincter discreto, externo expansiusculo ; ambobus supra paulum pro- ductis atque prope suturam modice insinuatis. Operculum discoideum, interne via, externe distincte, concavum et album, multispiratum, medio corneo-testaceum, laminis duabus separatis ad peripheriam acutissimis. Diam. maj. 115 ; diam. min. 95 ; altit. teste 66; diam. apert. int. 4, externe cum perist. 4:7 m.m. This species is evidently closely allied to HE. v. Martens’ O. Sumatra- nus,* which is of nearly exactly the same size, but its whorls are decidedly thinner and on the upper side more flattened, the upper apertural margins are considerably more produced, the plain of the aperture being, therefore, more oblique to the axis, while the sutural tube appears to be more distant from the margin. The direction of the tube was observed in four specimens of O. Sumatranus to be nearly vertical, while in about eighty specimens of the * Preuss. Exped. nach Ost-Asien., Zool, Theil, vol, II, p. 112. 256 F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. [No. 3, Penang form it is directed backwards, bemg sometimes when well preseved perfectly parallel to the suture ; in a few specimens, however, it is nearly vertical, and in two or three even slightly directed forward. 'The character is, therefore, evidently variable. Young shells, sometimes measuring up to 9 mm. in the longer diameter, still have no sutural tube developed, while others (mostly males) reach the adult stage already at even a somewhat smaller size. Hab. I found the species common under dead leaves on the ground along the base of the Penang hill, mostly in dense jungle. Animal stout, blackish, sometimes mottle with grey and tinged with pink, nearly smooth, with few little warts, paler at the sides and at the end of the foot which is, when fully extended, about twice the longer diameter of the shell; it is pointed at the end; operculigerous lobe shghtly more thickened in front than behind ; tentacles paler at base, blackish on terminal half, slightly thickened towards the end, but pointed terminally ; eyes small, on laterally slightly prominent bulgings, united to the base of the tentacles ; rostrum wrinkled, cleft in front, and with pale lips ; penis of male long, thin and black, without any appendage. OPISTHOPORUS SOLUTUS, n. sp. Pl. X, Figs. 8-10. O. testa planorbulari, apice paulo exserta, late wmbilicata, corneo soli- dula; anfractibus 4:5, fere teretibus, supra et infra paululum depress- iusculis, sutura profunda ac simplici junctis, in spec. guntoribus ad peripheri- an sub-angulatis ; ultimo ad terminationem dissoluto, paulo expansiuseulo modiceque deflexo, tubulo suturali antice directo, circiter 2 m.m. a margine aperturali distante, instructo ; anfractibus superioribus epidermide fusco- olivacea, transversim rugata, in ultimo fere simpliciter confertimque striolata, indutis, omnibus sub epidernudem albidis, sparse scrobiculatis, transverse minutissime striatis ; apice albido ; wnbilico magno, anfractuum omnium maximan partem exhibente ; apertura lata, circular, peristomate duplict, interno tenur, paulum projiciente, externo undique modice dilatato, in facie antica concaviusculo et concentrice striato, im regione supra-suturali sensim producto ; ambobus ad suturam anguste emargimatis. Operculwm normale, im utroque latere vie concavum, multispiratwn, medio corneo-solidum. Dian. ma. 15°5 ; diam. min. 11'5 ; alt. teste 7:3 ; diam. apert. int. 43, ext. cwm perist. 5°5 m.m. Young shells of this species (comp. fig. 8) are regularly planorbular, with a simple, continuous, thin lip of the aperture, and the olivaceous epidermis is rather coarsely rugose, forming darker transverse bands ; under the lens also a very fine spiral striation is to be observed. In the middle stage (fig. 9), when the shells possess 3°5 to 4 whorls, and a diameter of 10 to 13 m.m., the margin of the aperture has a short, open, sutural canal, 1872. F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. 267 exactly as in the South Indian Péeroc. (Myxostoma) tristis, Blf., and which canal is the origin of the sutural tube, becoming fully developed in the more adult shell, as soon as the end of the last whorl begins to detach itself from the previous one. Hab. Penang ; I have only obtained about 15 specimens of this species, also under dead leaves on the ground in dense jungle together with the last, which is, however, the more common one. The animal is entirely of a rather pale grey colour, nearly smooth, slight- ly mottled with darker ; tentacles blackish, with a few darker spots about and between their bases, entirely black at tip ; rostrum cleft, wrinkled, with a pale lip ; lateral pedal row rather indistinct, as also in the preceding species. Fam. PUPINID®. Raphaulus Loraini, which was described by Pfeiffer from Penang out of Cuming’s collection, was not met with by me. PUPINA AUREOLA, n. sp. PI. X, Figs. 11-12 P. testa oblique ovata, apice breviter sub-acuta, glaberrima, politissina, moderate solida, intense vel luteole succinea, prope peristoma aurea; an- JSractibus sex, convexiusculis, im adultis sutura indistincta gunctis, primis duobus sub-mammillatis, ultimo spira breviore, valde descendente ; apertura parva, cwrculari, labio mcrassato, sulco satis profundo ab anf. penultimo separato ; imeisionibus angustis sed profundis ; labro antice sensim producto, extus paulun imerassato, aureo tincto. Operculwin orbiculare, altwm, corneum, ad utrumque latus paulo concavum, ex lamella sprialiter torta tenmssima compositum, nucleo depresse circulart, paullulum winerassato instructwm. Long. teste 8'8, lat. ad mediwn 5, diam. apert. ext. 2°3 m.m. Hab. Penang ; haud frequens. This species is closely allied to P. awrea, Hinds, differing from it by a smaller aperture, a more laterally produced, shorter and slightly contracted last whorl. The solidity of the shell and the intensity of coloration naturally varies with age ; young specimens are thin, and nearly transparent, pale straw-coloured, the suture is distinctly impressed and the outer lip very slightly produced. In adolescent specimens the upper labial rib is rather ‘distant from the posterior angle of the mouth (see fig 11), as in the Tenaserim P. arula, but the Penang shell is shorter and stouter. Old specimens are entirely covered with a polished glaze, and are intensely or yellowish rufous brown, with a yellow inner and outer peristome. The animal is of the usual Cyclophorid type, uniform, intense or greyish black, paler along the sides of the foot, which is of about the same length as that of the shell. 35 268 F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. [No. 3, MEGALOMASTOMA SECTILABRUM, Gould. Pl. X, Fig. 13. Penang specimens agree with those from Tavoy in having a smaller aperture and a slightly slenderer spire, with somewhat convex sides, while in If. anostoma from Borneo the spire is more regularly conical and the aper- ture larger. Animal blackish grey with a slight reddish tinge ; the edges of the foot, including the posterior end andthe tentacles are vermilion, tips of rostrum pale grey. The length of the foot equals about three fourth of that of the shell when the animal moves about; the entire body is rather distinctly warty, but no well defined pedal row exists; the rostrum is adpressed to the foot, strongly wrinkled and cleft at ie end ; posterior end of foot obtusely pointed, eyes small, the bulgings united at ‘ene bases to the tentacles. The mantle is pale, entire, closely attached to the peristome of the shell, and not protruding beyond it. Operculum horny, circular, composed of several spiral layers arranged round a slightly thickened or mammillated centre so that the width of each lamina equals the radius of the whole operculum. ‘This structure is some- what peculiar, it agrees with that of the South Indian Cataulus recurvatus, but not with that of the other Catauli or Megalostomata examined ; in all these the operculum is distinctly multispiral. The species occurs at elevations from 400 to about 2400 feet on the Penang hill, but it is evidently a very scarce shell; I fou only one live specimen at the top of the hill. Kam.—DieLoMMATINID®. Ree ALYCHINE. ALYCHUS GIBBOSULUS, n. sp. Pl. X, Fig. 14. A. testa gibboso turrita, anguste wmbilicata, violaceo rubente, ultimo an- fractw pallidiore, lutescente, apice albescente ; anfractibus quinque, valde convexis, sutura profunda et sumplict junctis ; primo levigato, tribus sequen- tibus transversim densissime striato-costellatis atque spiraliter striatis, ultimo gibbose inflato, paulo distinctius costellato, prope apertwram breviter sed valde constricto, sub-levigato, vix deflexo, post constrictionem tubulo tenur, circiter duo ad tres m.m. longo, nonnunquam fere immerso, instructo ; apertura circulart, modice lata, in adolescentibus margine simplict undique expansiusculo circwmdata, in adultis bilabiata, labio interno extus tubuli- forme producto, crassiusculo, externo dilatato atque tenut. Operculum solidum, latere interno corneo, convexiusculo, medio submammillato, multi- spirato, impressione musculart transverse ovata atque excentrica imstructo, externo caleareo, concaviusculo, in superficie wrregulariter rugoso. Diam. muy. 9°2, diam. min. 7, alt. teste 96 ; diam. apert. int. 3°8, externe 4°8 m.m. In general character this interesting new species closely resembles the type of the genus, Al. gibbus, Fér., but the latter conspicuously differs by 1872.] F. Stoliezka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. 269 having the constricted portion of the last whorl much more produced and very much deflected, the height of the shell being also considerably less than the larger diameter of the shell. Eydoux who collected the species at Touranne in Cochin-China, says in his original description,* that the operculum is membranaceous and not multispiral. The species is not uncommon along the base of the hills in thick jun- gle, under and on large blocks of rocks, generally between half decomposed vegetable matter. The animalis dusky grey, foot pale ; tentacles long, pale at the base, further on dark, especially at the tips which are slightly thickened ; eyes small, placed laterally at the bases of the tentacles, but the bulgings are not distinct; rostrum long, cleft at the end, reddish at the base on account of the fleshy colour of the manducatory apparatus. Ham.—ULaAGoCcHEILID®. Genus. LacgocuErmus, Theobald. Comp. Blanford in Ann. and Mag. N, H., third Ser., 1864, vol. XIII, p. 452. Shell conoid sub-turbinate and perforated, thin, covered with a horny cuticle ; aperture round with a narrow wmeision in the wpper or posterior angle ; operculum thin, horny, multispiral. Animal of the usual Cyclopho- rid type, but with a glandular slit at the upper posterior end of the foot. The shell of Lagocheilus, when the cuticle is removed, merely differs from Leptopoma by the slight incision in the posterior angle of the aper- ture. When Mr. Theobald suggested the above name, it could scarcely have been anticipated that such a.comparatively insignificant character will be accompanied by a most important structural distinction in the anatomy of the animal. Mr. Blanford, already many years past, noticed that the animal of the Barmese Lagocheilus leporinust has the peculiarity of possessing a groove down the middle of the upper caudal portion of the foot. Since then I had observed the animals of L. tomotrema, of two new species from Penang, and of two other species from the Nicobars, and I find that all the animals posses a long glandular slit at the upper end of the foot, and that the incision in the apertural margin is the result of the presence of this pedal sht. ‘This instance is an excellent illustration of the occasional intimate structure and the relation of the animal to its shell. Lagocheilus, together with Dermatocera, has evidently among the Cycto- STOMACEA the same systematic position, as the Zonitipm have among the Herrcacea. The external character of the animal of Lagocheilus is accom- panied by some peculiarities in the dentition and in the internal organs with which I hope to deal at some future occasion, in connection with a general account of the anatomy of the Indian CycLosToMACcEa. * Gucrin-Méneville’s Magasin de Zoologie, for 1838. 7 Journal A. 8. B. for 1865, Pl. II. p. 82. 270 F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. [No. 3, The species which are at present known to belong to the genus are: L. tomotrema, Bens., (Sikkim, Assam and Cachar), leporinus, BIf., (Barma), trochoides and striolatus from Penang, Wiillersdorfi, Pfr. and Zel., and another as yet undescribed species also from the Nicobars ; sezs- simargo, Bens., from Tenaserim. These localities indicate the geographical extent of the genus. Reeve in his Monograph of Cyclophorus, when speaking of ZL. scissimargo, says that there is more or less an indication of a notch in the aperture of CO. triliratus, Pfr. (= quadrifilosus, Bens.,) while Pfeiffer in his second Supplement to the Pneumonopoma (p. 29) refers the latter species to Cyclotus. LAGOCHEILUS TROCHOIDES, n. sp. Pl. X, Fig. 15. LL. testa turrito conica, sub-anguste wumbilicata ; anfractibus sex, sutura profunda simplict gunctis, primis duobus conevais, ceteris supra medium an- gulatis, ultimo bi-angulato ; omnibus cuticula opaco-fusca indutis, transver- “sim striolatis, spiraliter striatis, struis filiformibus : duabus in anfractu penul- timo supra angulum subdistantibus, infra angulum 4-5 approximatis ; im an- fractu ultimo angulis dwobus ad intervalla breviter ciliatis ; basi in adultis prope peripheriam et ad wumbilicum, in gunioribus omnino, confertim striata ; testa sub cuticulam albida, ad apicem rubescente ; apertura rotundata, modice obliqua, in angulo superiore vel postico distincte incisa, bilabiata : labio interno breviore, violaceo tincto, externo fere plane expansiusculo, in facie concentrice striolato, ad marginem exteriorem atrato. Operculum multispiratum, tenue, corneum. Diam. maj. 10, diam. min. 8, alt. teste 9°6, diam. apert. int. 42, externe 5 m.m. This is the largest species as yet known of the genus, the more regu- larly conical form, angular whorls, numerous spiral striz, absence of brown spots on the shell, etc., readily separate it from LZ. scissimargo. The fine transverse striolation of the cuticle is very easily worn off, but the spiral striation is always very distinct, and well marked even after the removal of the cuticle. Young shells have a striking resemblance to those of Cremno- conchus Syhadrensis ; they are comparatively more largely umbilicated than adult ones, and their cuticle is more or less distinctly olive, while in the latter it is dark brown in fresh specimens, often becoming reddish brown in dried ones. Hab. Penang. I found the species on large stones between decaying vegetable matter at an elevation of from 200 to about 1000 feet ; itis scarce. The animal is pale grey, the body itself being slightly darker than the foot ; the rostrum is long, deeply cleft in front, reddish at the base; tentacles long, and thin, dark grey, blackish towards the tips ; eyes on their outer base on indistinct bulgings ; a dark pedal row, moderately swollen, extends from the lower base of the rostrum to behind the operculum, from which a deep, narrow glandular slit proceeds along the middle to the end of the foot. 1872.] F. Stoliczka—On the Cyclostomacea of Penang. 271 LAGOCHEILUS STRIOLATUS, n. sp. Pl. X, Fig. 16. L. testa turrito conoidea, anguste wmbilicaia; anfractibus 55 con- venis, sutura simplict junciis, ultimo ad peripheriam inferiorem via- angulato; apice levigaie, olivacec; anf. ceteris cuticula fusca vel brun- nea mduiis, transversiin oblique suoaisvanter, et spiraliter densissime, strio- latis ; basi swo-ievigaia vel sub-obsoleie spirahiier striatula ; aperiura ampla, swb-circulart, peristomate postice ad angulum profunde ineiso, infra ad latus basase conspicuter producto, bilabiato, labio interno in juniorious violaceo, in aduliis ad marginem altido, externo undique fere equaliter planeque dilatato, corneo, Operculum tenue, corneum, muitispiratum. Diam. ma. 6, diam. min. 5, alt. teste 66 ; cham. apert. int. 2°S, ext. 32 m. m. This smaller form resembles L. tomotrema and leporinus, but it is distinguished from both by a slightly larger spiral angle, rounded (not angulated) whorls, and by the very cense, filiform, spiral striation. Hab. Penang. Under dead leaves on the ground along the base of the hills, together with the last species ; rare. Animal leaden grey, with moderately elongated, darker, cylindrical ten- tacles ; eyes on minute bulgings, joined on the inner side to the base of the tentacles ; upper posterior part of the foot with a narrow glandular slit, ex- tending from the operculigerous lobe to the end; lateral pedal row very thin. IIe JOURNAL OF THE Poe Ere SOCTET ¥: —g-— Part I1.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE. eee RR RR No. IV.—1872. OO NovTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS MADE IN THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS BY Assistant Sureeon G. EK. Dozson, M. B., DuRING THE MONTHS oF Aprit snd May,—by V. Batt, Hsq., B. A. [Read 6th, received 16th August, 1872. ] A short time ago Dr. Anderson placed in my hands for determination -a collection of birds, made in the Andamans by Dr. Dobson,* subsequently adding two received from Mr. Homfray. The collection contains 184 specimens belonging to sixty-two Species, of which eighteen are new to the hitherto recorded avifauna of those Islands : but they are for the most part migratory birds (Galle), whose occurrence might safely have been predicated from their being known from the coasts on both sides of the Bay of Bengal, and to some extent from Malayana. One species only is described in the following list as new, but there are four others presenting certain peculiarities which may hereafter justify their separation from the species under which they are now enumerated. As these are represented by single specimens, I think it undesirable to exaggerate the importance of what may ultimately prove to be only individual variations from the type. ‘The species are: Hphialtes spilocephalus, Blyth ? ; Paleorms Alexandri, Linn. ; Brachypodius melanocephalus, Gmel.; Rallus striatus, Linn. One result of the examination of this collection has been that while it supports Col. Tytler’s views as to the distinctness of certain Anda- * Mr. Wood-Mason and Dr. Dobson visited the Andaman Islands to collect for the Indian Museum. The vertebrate portion of the collection was under Dr. Dobson’s care, 34 274 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, man species, it furnishes almost conclusive evidence against others being so. Mr. Blyth has already*pointed out that Spilormis Elgin, Tytler = 8. bacha, Bodd. ; Collocalia affinis, Tytler = ©. Linchi, Horsf. ; Paleornis affinis, Tytler = 2 P. erythrogenys, Blyth, and Herodias Andamnensis, Tytler == H. concolor, Blyth. In so far as the present collection afforded material, I have endeavoured to give full descriptions of those species which have hitherto only been partially described, and to amplify the information regarding others. _ According to the present state of our knowledge, the avifauna of the Andamans includes 109 species; possibly this number may have to be reduced by four.* But it is made up in this way. The late Capt. Beavan’s list gives 94 species from which three, wz—Hematornis Cheela, Bodd., Paleornis affinis, Tytler, and Pericrocotus Andamanensis, Tytler, must, I think, be subtracted, and 18, the number of additional species in the present collection, added, or 18 + 94 — 3 = 109. It should be stated, however, that five of the species mentioned by Capt. Beavan were introduced into the Islands by Col. Tytler. The number of indigenous birds should therefore stand at 100 + 4? Of this number twelve are local species and six? are known only from the Andamans and Nicobars. In the Nicobars there are about fifty-three species known at present, of which number seven are local. Excepting the migratory birds, particularly the Gralle, from our con- sideration, the bulk of the non-local species in the Andamans are Indian, and in the Nicobars Malayan. Where there are two allied species, or two races or varieties of a species in India, the Andaman, as a general rule, corresponds with the southern form. ‘To this rule there is an exception in the case of Graucalus Macei which is the northern species, G. Layardi being the southern. However, the Andaman bird seems to be intermediate between G. JZacez and Javensis from Java which two, according to Blyth, only differ in size. Judging from the number of species of birds known to occur in the ‘several groups of islands in the Malayan Archipelago we may feel confident that much yet remains to be done both in the Andamans and Nicobars, before a list approaching completeness can be prepared. The present, and to a certain extent, all previous collections were made in the vicinity of Port Blair, throughout an area, probably not exceeding 30 or 35 square miles, or by a rough estimate about one-hundredth part of the total area occupied by these islands. . * The species of Nectarinia, Byialitis, Herodias and Querquedula of Col. Tytler’s and Capt. Beayan’s lists may possibly be only the same species as four birds which are given under other names in my list. 1872. ] V. Ball—WNotes on Andaman Birds. 275 Several families and genera, which all analogy would lead us to believe must find a place in the Andaman avifauna, are as yet unrepresented in any of the collections of which descriptions have been published. The following is a list of the purely local species which are not known to occur elsewhere : Spizetus Andamanensis, Tytler. Muelleripicus Hodgii, Blyth. Centropus Andamanensis, Tytler. Graucalus Dobson, n. sp. Dicrurus Andamanensis, Tytler. Dissemurus afiis, Tytler. Myiagra Tytleri, Beav. Oreocincla infra-marginata, Blyth. Oriolus Andamanensis, Tytler. Kittacincla albiventris, Blyth. Dendrocitta Baylei, Tytler. Temenuchus Andamanensis, Tytler. Huryzona Canningi, Tytler. The species found in the Andamans and Nicobars, but not elsewhere, are : ? Ninoz affinis, Tytler.* Paleorinis erythrogenys, Blyth. Geocichla innotata, Blyth. Hulabes Andamanensis, Tytler. Treron chloroptera, Blyth. Macropygia rujfipennis, Blyth. In the following enumeration and description a dagger (thus +) pre- fixed, indicates that the species has not been previously recorded from the Andamans. Fam. AQUILINA. 1. Spmoryis BacHa, Daud. H. bido, Horsf. No. 87 of Blyth’s Cata- logue, 8. spilogaster. Blyth Hematornis Elgini, Tytler. H. Elgin, Tytler, is considered to be identical with H. bacha by Mr. Gurney, and both Mr. Blyth and Dr. Jerdon confirm this opinion (Ibis, N.S. IV. 1868, p. 181 and 8rd Series, 1871, Vol. I, p. 335). Dr. Jerdon writes: “It appears fully agreed on by all that the small Serpent Hagle of Ceylon and Southern India is the same as the Andaman bird.” In my previous paper, from not having seen Mr. Blyth’s remarks, I en- tered my specimens as Oheela, as they had the wing longer than in Tytler’s Elgin. In the present collection, which contains five specimens in various stages of plumage, all belong to the small species. The variations in plumage correspond with those observable in the different stages of Cheela, * T am rather inclined to believe that this bird will prove to be the same as Temminck’s Strix hirsuta which Pelzeln records from the Nicobars. 276 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, I could not see any constant characters which would serve to distinguish the two species other than that of size. Measurements of a male in inches : wing 14:2; tail 9:2; bill to gape 18; tarsus 3-4. 2. HAaALiaTus LEUCOGASTER, Gmel. Three specimens in various stages of plumage. Length of wing of adult 20°8 inches. Fam. StRIGIDz. 3. EPHIALTES SPILOCEPHALUS, Blyth. (7) So far as it is possible to make out one of these difficult birds without a good series for comparison, the specimen of Andaman scops before me appears to correspond most nearly with Blyth’s description of H. spilocepha- lus (= 8. Malayanus, Hay?) J. A.S8. B. XV. p. 8, and with a specimen of that species from Masuri in the old collection, No. 147, I, of Blyth’s Cat. Mr. Hume only doubtfully refers spilocephalus, Blyth, to gymnopodus, Gray, so that for the present I think it safer to give Blyth’s name. The bird certainly belongs to the pennatus type as distinguished by Mr. Hume, though Col. Tytler records H. Lempigi from the Andamans. Authorities are so divided as to the nomenclature to be adopted in reference to this genus, that without attempting to discuss the question as to what species spilocephalus should be finally referred to, I shall confine myself to shewing the points of resemblance between the Andaman bird and spilocephalus, Blyth, by the description of the former which is as follows: Above. Rufous inclining to bay, each feather of the head, back of neck, scapulars, wing coverts, back and rump with two fawn colored spots edged with black. Primaries—first two not grown, fourth and fifth equal, five white spots on the outer webs. Tail rufous brown, darker on the inner webs of the rectrices, with four white bands. Beneath. Facial disk fawn colour. Loral bristles black, white towards the base. Breast and abdomen finely mottled with brown and fawn or dusky white, each feather with two brownish black spots which are separated by a white bar. ‘Tarsi covered for three-fourths of their length with short rufous colored feathers, barred with brown. Feet and claws not quite so slender as in the Masuri specimen. Measurement in inches: wing 5°6; tail 3; tarsus 1. Fun. UWrRuNDINID 2. 4, Cornocatta Lryeut, Horsf. Hirundo fuciphaga, Thun. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 148, C. Linchi et C. fuciphaga, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 384. C, affivis, Tytler ? The present collection contains three specimens of Collocalia which appear to have been taken from the nest as the primaries are not fully grown. 1872.] V. Ball—WNotes on Andaman Birds. 277 They correspond in length of body and coloration with specimens of C. Suciphaga from Batavia and the Nicobars (Blyth’s Cat. No. 429). They appear also to be the same species as that figured as C. Linchi in ‘ Reise der Novara,’ Vogel, T. II, f. 2, save that the metallic lustre as represented is far too brilhant. The following is a description of our specimens. Above. Black with dark green reflections, an indistinct white band on the rump, no spots on the tail. Underneath. A white rictal spot; from chin to breast cimereous, the edges of the feathers lighter, thence to vent ereyish-white, feathers centered cimereous; under tail-coverts centered greenish-black. Length to end of tail 3°3, wing 2°95, tail 1-4 inches. Col. Tytler’s specimens from the Andamans, which he described as C. affinis, had the followimg dimensions :— Length. Wing. Tail. ze 3°75 inch. 3°52 inch. 1°36 inch, @ 35 i 3°75 4 1:36 ys Fam. MeEroprpa. 5. Merors guryricotor, Vieil. The collection contains six specimens of this bird. Fan. CoRactaDs™. + 6. EURYSTOMUS ORTENTALIS, Linn. Three specimens. Is said to be common, but has not been previously recorded from the Andamans. Fam. ALCEDINID HA. 7. Axtcrpo Astatica, Swains. (4. meningting, Horsf.) Two specimens. 8. Prnarcopsis Burmantica, Sharpe. Halcyon Gurial, Pearson. In this list I follow Mr. Sharpe’s classification and geographical distribution of the five races of Halcyon lewcocephalus, at the same time I feel strongly inclined to believe that a critical examination of the whole series at present in the Indian Museum will shew that it cannot stand in its integrity. Our present specimen closely resembles some of the duller plumaged in- dividuals of H. Gurial from Bengal, and also agrees to a certain extent with Sharpe’s description of Burmanica, but differs from the figure given of that race in the following particulars: the feathers of the head and nape are much more albescent, the ochreous collar is broader and the blue of the wings and tail has no tinge of greenish. Length 18:2; wing 6, tail 4-4, bill at front 3, tarsus 6 inches. 9. Hatcyon Coromanpa, Lath. Two specimens. 978 V. Ball—Wotes on Andanan Birds. [No. 4, 10. Hatcyon Smyrnenstis, Linn. This resembles specimens from Southern India and Ceylon in the bril- liancy of the coloration. Length 10°8, wing 5, bill at front 24 inches. 11. Hatcyon cutorts, Bodd. Sharpe, Monograph of Alcedinide, p. 229. Todiramphus collaris, Scop. The collection contains several specimens of this bird which is said to be one of the commonest on the Islands. Fan. Psrrractpm. 12. Pautmornis ALEXANDRI, Linn. ? While aware of the considerable amount of variation which Palgormis Alexandri is subject to, I should be disposed to claim for the Andaman bird now before me a position as a distinct species, were I able to affirm that the characters which it exhibits are constant ; but on this pomt I have no in- formation at present. The specimen, a male, at once attracted notice by the enormous size of its bill; and on closer examination and comparison with a good series of Indian specimens, I found that it possesses other characters which distinguish it from the Indian bird of normal plumage. The black stripe from the lower mandible to the demicollar of peach- rose, so marked in ordinary specimens, is in this reduced to a narrow line which commences half an inch from the mandible and terminates at the first point of contact with the peach-rose, not being continued as a border to it, as it commonly is for three-fourths of an inch or so in Indian specimens. The head and cheeks, down to the collar, are of a vivid emerald green without a trace of the purplish grey or hoary bloom which is present in all Indian birds which I have examined. The dark red spot on the shoulders is smaller than usual? and the blue of the central tail feathers of a much more decided hue. ‘The wing is somewhat shorter than in any of the Indian specimens with which I have compared it. Dimensions of bill. Gape to point. Width at gape. AG B. A. B. Up. mandible, ..... 115 inch. 1°15 inch, ‘95 inch. 85 inch. Lr, mandible, ...... SDN a i lesO Oe unre SQM tau Sia Depth of both mandibles closed A. 1:7,-B. 15. A is the Andaman bird, B a specimen of ordinary dimensions from the Rajmahal Hills. Should all the Andaman birds prove to have the above characters I would propose the name P. magnirostris for the species. If the characters be constant, they are as sufficient to distinguish the two races as are those which distinguish the two races of P. rosa. I may perhaps mention that in looking through a drawer full of these latter, I found 1872.] V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. 279 that Cachar and Darjiling (? Terai) specimens agreed with Barmese in having the under wing coverts green, &c. 13. PaLORNIS ERYTHROGENYS, Blyth. J. A.S. B., XV, 1846, p. 23, and XXVII, 1856, p. 81. P. Nicobaricus, Gould, P. Z. 8. p. 555. B. of Asia, 1857, Pt. IX. Mr. Blyth (Ibis, IV, 1868, p. 132,) has pointed out that although the name erythrogenys has been applied to three species of this genus, in the ease of two it is reduced to the rank of a synonym, and therefore his name is entitled to stand. In my former paper I agreed with Blyth in considering Tytler’s P. afjinis to be only the female of this species. If it be not, then we might ask what is the female like P neither the present nor any previous collection con- taims any specimen of the red-billed birds which do not correspond exactly with authentic males, There is one point about the female not noticed by Blyth, the mous- tache is deep green, not black as in the males. Measurements in inches. Length. Wing. Bill from gape. Tarsus. g 14° 68 ‘85 m3)) g 10°7 68 “76 5D + 14. Patnmornis Javanicus, Osbeck. Blyth writes “ P. Javanicus differs only from P. Vibrisca, in the Javan bird having a red lower mandible, while the other has a black one; but in some Javan specimens the lower mandible is blackish and Mr. Gould has a specimen from Siam with a red under mandible; the Hainan birds have it black.” Finsch in his Monograph ‘die Papageien’ includes both under P. Lathami, Finsch. The specimen in the present collection, a male, has the under mandible black. Length 18; wing 6°8; tail 7°8; tarsus ‘6 inches. 15. LoRicvuLUS VERNALIS, Sparrm. Identical with Indian specimens, wing 3°5 inches. Ham. Pic. 16. Muverierreicus Hopen, Blyth. The collection contains a good series of this bird which appears to be common. ‘The measurements of one are somewhat different from those of my own specimen (J. A. S. B., XXXIX, p. 241): wing 6'8 ; tail 62; bill at front 1:6 ; tarsus 1:2 inches. 17. Picus ANDAMANENSIS, Blyth. Blyth distinguishes this bird from P. pectoralis by its having three pair of distinct white spots on the middle rectrices, while P. pectoralis has four. “But the Andaman bird is specially characterized by the large 280 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, round black spots upon its breast, each margined with whitish ; the ear coverts also are longitudinally more conspicuously rayed than in the others. In other respects this bird resembles P. macet.” The present collection which contains five specimens shews that the number of spots on the middle tail feathers is not a constant. In three (2 $ and 1 2) there are four pairs of spots and in the remaining two (1 ¢ and 1 @) there are only three. @ Length 6°25 ; wing 3°87; tail 2°25; tarsus °75 inches. Mr. Blyth has seen this bird in a collection from Sumatra. Fam. CvucvLip2. + 18. CucuULUS MIcRoPprEeRUS, Gould. One specimen. ‘This bird has not been previously brought from the Andamans. 19. CrEnTRopUS ANDAMANENSIS, Tytler. Ibis, N. 8S. III, 1867, p. 321. The collection contains four specimens. Head, neck to middle of back, chin, throat and breast rufous grey. Abdomen, thigh-coverts and under tail coverts the same with an ashy tinge. Back, rump and upper tail- coverts ashy. Wings and scapulars rufous bay. Tail brown, paling from the centre to the margins of the feathers. Bill black. Length 17 to 18 ; wing 7°5; bill at gape 17 ; tarsus 1-9 inches. Kam. NECTARINIDA. + 20. ARACHNECHTHRA FRENATA, Mull. P The specimens of Avachnechthra hitherto received from the Andamans have been identified as pectoralis, and following suit in my previous paper on Andaman birds I stated that species to be “ common on Mount Harriet.” The birds in the present collection are distinguished from pectoralis by wanting the slightest trace of a metallic blue frontal patch. With the characters of A. frenata, Miull., given by Lord Walden in the Ibis for 1870, p. 26, they agree and the wing exactly corresponds with that of Miuller’s fizure ; but there is no trace of a maroon pectoral band represented, which though slight, is present in all our ¢ specimens. The yellow supercilium is distinctly marked. Another character which distinguishes this from pectoralis, and helps to separate it from several other species, is the size of the bill which closely approximates to that of A. intermedia, Hume. Leneth 4:2; wing 2:1; bill at front 8, tail 1:4: inches. Fam. WANTIADR. 21. LANIUS LUCIONENSIS, Scop. A specimen of this bird is identical in coloration with one in the In- dian Museum from Mr. Swinhoe, Amoy. It differs from the ordinary Indian 1872.] V. Ball—WNofes on Andaman Birds. 281 specimens of eristatus in the silvery white of the forehead, chin, and throat, and in the almost entire absence above of any tinge of rufous except on the upper tail coverts. Length 7:1, wing 3°5, tarsus °95, bill at front 5 inches. 22. Graucatus Macer, Lin. The collection contains five specimens of Graucalus, three of which answer very closely to the characters of G. Macei or G. Javensis, being indeed of intermediate size and thus affording a link between the Indian and Javan birds which, according to Blyth, only differ in size. They have the wings white underneath, and the outer tail feathers broadly tipped with white. One specimen has the abdomen slightly barred, in the others it is simply albescent. Length. Wing. Tail. Bill from gape. Tarsus. i inch, 662 inch. 5 inch. 1:58 inch, 11 inch. ile iS BOYS! 6 512 =, 15 oe 1 6 The remaining two specimens I at at first thought might be the young of the above ; but closer examination convinced me that they are adults in full plumage belonging to a distinct species. + 23. Gravucatus DoBsont, n. sp. So far as the literature available in Calcutta has enabled me to com- pare this bird with the hitherto described species of this genus it appears to be distinct. I at first supposed it might be striata, Bodd.=Nove-quinee, Gmel. &c., but it differs in several particulars from Lesson’s description of that species. The following is a description. Above dark slatey, darkest on the head; wings and tail brownish-black, primaries, secondaries and tertiaries lighter on the inner webs, faintly edged with white on the outer; two outer rectrices on each side narrowly tipped with dusky white; a black stripe from the lores round the eyes to the ear coverts, thence faintly continued as a collar in one of the specimens. Un- derneath white barred with black from chin to under tail-coverts inclusive ; under wing-coverts similarly barred. Bill conspicuously smaller than in G. Macer. Length, 10-2, wing, 6:2, tail, 5-4, bill from gape, 1:23, tarsus, 95 inch. I have named the species after Dr. Dobson. 24. PrERICROCoTUS sPECIOSUS, Lath.—Gould, B. of Asia, pt. LX, pl. 4. A good series of this bird has been brought. It includes several young males with the transitional plumage. I have little doubt that P. Anda- manensis, 'Vytler, is only P. speciosws in immature plumage. It is said to have “the plumage of P. speciosus with more yellow or flame-colour min- gled with the scarlet. It is also apparently smaller.” The amount of red on the central tail feathers of this bird varies much in specimens from various parts of India and Barma. Four out of five males in this collection have the central tail feathers wholly black. 35 282 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, I have shot in Bengal and examined from other parts of India many specimens of P. speciosws, none approach in size Gould’s figures which are said to be life. 25. PERICROCOTUS PEREGRINUS, Linn. Andaman specimens correspond with the darker plumaged variety of this bird from Madras and Ceylon, from one of which Gould’s figure is taken, I have not seen any description of P. flagrans, Boie apud Bonaparte, from Borneo and Sumatra, possibly the southern form should be referred to that species. 26. BucHanea (Dicrurvus) Anpamanensis, Tytler. This is, I believe, a good species, somewhat resembling D. balicassius,* but distinguished from that species by its large sharply keeled bill and hair- like feathers, which spring from the nostril. The bill is more like that of a Dissemurus than a Dicrurus ; so much is this the case that in a former paper J. A. S. B., XXXIX, pt. IL, p. 241, I was inclined to refer a very young bird of this species with the tail feathers only partly grown to the former rather than to the latter genus. I have compared it with all the specimens mentioned in Blyth’s Catalogue including edoliformis, but it is certainly distinct from any of them. Above and below black, with a greenish metallic gloss ; primaries brown, fourth and fifth longest and equal, outer tail feathers with a slight curl up- wards, under wing-coverts spotted with white lunules ; no rictal spot. Length. Wing. Tail. Bill to gape. Tarsus. 116 5°5 6°75 1:25 °87 inch. 10°5 5°25 6: 1°25 *OUiaias ilile 5:2 63 1:25 HS} © op 27. DisseMuRUS (Eponivus) arrinis, Tytler et Beavan. The late Capt. Beavan, (Ibis, N. 8. III, p. 823) discussed the reasons which led him to the conclusion that the Andaman bird is distinct ; since that time much has been written on the subject, but the nomenclature of the species is far from being in a satisfactory state. To start with, it is uncer- tain whether the three following species should be regarded as really belong- ing to three, two or one: H. Rangoonensis, Gould, H. Malayensis, Blyth, LE. setifer, Temm. Dr. Jerdon (B. of I. Vol. I, p. 488,) and Mr. Gray (Hand list, p. 287), maintain that MMalayensis and setifer are identical; but Lord Walden (Ihis, 3rd Series, I. p. 174), states that the Javan ZH. setifer is distinct from Malayensis, and asks whether the latter is distinct from Rangoonensis ? calling it the Barmese species. Mr. Blyth has stated (B. of I. Vol. I, p. 488), that Rangoonensis is not from Barma but from the Philippines, and so far * D, balicassivs, Linn,, was obtained at sea near the Nicobars, according to Blyth. 1872.] V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. 283 as I can see there is no authentic case of a non-crested specimen having been obtained in Barma. There are certainly none in the Indian Museum. Several specimens collected by Dr. Williams and now in that collection are well crested and should be ranked as paradiseus according to Jerdon’s classi- fication. From D. Rangoonensis, as described by Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, the Andaman bird is distinguished by its larger bill and longer wing, if not by other characters ; from D. MMalayensis ( = setifer ?) as represented in the Indian Museum (As. Socy. Coll.) by its very much larger size. Other doubtful species of non-crested Dissemurt are D. brachyphorus, Temm., apud Bonap., and D. singularis, Gray. In the present Andaman collection there are three specimens which have only a very slight trace of frontal crest, their measurements are : Leneth to end of Wing. Billfrom gape. Tail. Outer T. feathers. Tarsus. ordinary tail. Sex? 12 imch. 62 inch. 1°45 inch. 62 inch. 1 inch. zs A a sspnOT ais oy 15 LOLA 15. inch. ae ees Sexch 1G 5 Oy 15 andl aa 17. Ks lees 28. Artramus LEUcoPYGIaALis, Gould, P. Z. S. Lon. 1842, p. 17. Lord Walden, P. Z. 8. 1866, p. 555, has identified the Andaman bird with Gould’s Australian species. I have compared with it Gould’s plate and can see no difference in the plumage, but the bill of the Andaman bird seems larger. Hum. Muscicarm®. 29. Mytacra TyttErRt, Beav. Both Mr. Blyth (Ibis, 1868, p. 182) and Dr. Jerdon (ibid. 1872, p. 122) doubt the distinctness of the Andaman bird from the widely distributed JZ. azurea, Bodd.; but chiefly, I, believe on the ground of that wide distribu- tion. With the specimens, 2 ¢ and 2 2, now before me, and not having been able to discover, in the Indian Museum, any specimens, or any publish- ed description of Indian birds shewing the same departure from the typical coloration, I am inclined to follow Capt. Beavan in his determination of the Andaman bird as distinct. I. Tyéleri, Beav., is said to “ differ conspicuously in entirely wanting the black gorget on the throat of the male.” (Ibis, N. S. III, 1867, p. 324). This character as suggested by an editorial footnote is only an individual peculiarity. Inthe two males before me, the gorgets are distinctly marked ; but the other specific characters, the brighter coloration of the upper parts and the continuation of the blue of the breast to the abdomen which becomes slightly paler towards the vent, serve to distinguish this bird, if not as a species, at least as a well marked variety of WZ azwrea. The under tail coverts are white with a sky-blue tinge. The female like the male has no white on the abdomen ; wings and tail brown. 284. V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, Measurements in inches. Wing. Tail. Bill. Tarsus, é 2°9 27 i) 65 Q 2°8 2:7 “45 65 Ham. MeErvnip2z. 30. GErOocICHLA INNoTATA, Blyth. One specimen. Length 7:2; wing 3°5; bill at front ‘7; tarsus 1-1— inches. Fam. BractypoDIpm. 31. Orocompsa gocosa, Linn. The Andaman appears to be identical with the Indian species. + 32. BRACHYPODIUS MELANOCEPHALUS, Gmel. ? One specimen in immature plumage may belong to this species. The metallic feathers of the head have not appeared. 'The outer edges of the primaries are yellowish green. 33. Irnena puEtLA, Lath. Vide Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 4 Ser. Vol. V, 1870, p. 417. The Andaman species of Jrena corresponds with that found in Southern India (Travancore). It has the short tail coverts which, according to Lord Walden, distinguish Irena puella from IL. cyanea and TL. turcosa. The collec- tion contains males, females, and young males in transitional plumage. Wing. Tail. Bill at front. Tarsus. ae 5 inches, 4 inches. 9 inches. ‘75 inches. £2 5 22 4 29 9 oy) 75 2 Young ¢ 4:9 mp 4, i 8 os 7 a 34. ORIOLUS MELANOCEPHALUS, Linn. One specimen. 35. OrtoLus ANDAMANENSIS, Tytler. In his last published remarks on this species (Ibis, IV, 1868, p. 132) Mr. Blyth states his belief that the Andaman Oriole is distinct from Hors- Jjieldi, Bonap.; previously having relinquished his original supposition as to its identity with coronatws, Swaimson. He considers it to be “most nearly akin to O. macrwrus of the Nicobars, but is rather smaller.” It is distinguished from O. macrwrus not only in size but in the amount and dis- tribution of the yellow on the wings and tail and black on the head. From Chinensis, 15 may readily be distinguished by the black on the nape being much narrower, Jndicus having it of intermediate size. A specimen in full adult plumage, has the wings black save the extre- mities of secondaries and tertiaries which are narrowly tipped with yellow, ‘ and a bar formed of yellow tips to the wing-coverts of the primaries. The collection contains three specimens, and there are six in the old collection which were described by Blyth. Dimensions of one; length 8°8 ; wing 5°3; bill at front 1; tarsus ‘9; tail 3°35 inches. 1872.] V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. 285 Fam. SYLvIaDE. 36. CoOPSYCHUS SAULARIS, Linn. Three specimens belonging to the Indian, not the Malaccan species (C. Mindanensis). A fully grown male has the four outer rectrices on either side white, this is a character according to Blyth, which distinguishes C. saularis from both Windanensis and Ceylonensis. 37. KITTACINCLA ALBIVENTRIS, Blyth. Three specimens. Measurements of g : length 7°8; wing 3°55; bill to gape -87 ; tarsus 9°5 inches. 38. ARUNDINAX oLIvAcEUS, Blyth, J. A. S. B. XIV, p.595. A. edon Pallas ? Three specimens of this not very well known bird. They correspond very closely with Blyth’s original description and type specimens so far as the faded condition of the plumage of the latter admits of comparison. In dimensions, however, they are somewhat smaller : Length. Wing. Tail. Bill at front. Tarsus, A. 66 inch, 3:07 imeh. 3:1 inch. 55 inch. 1:03 inch. B vs 3:13 ay 32 a 53 55 1°03 Fe A, is the Andaman bird; B, a bird in the Museum labelled by Blyth. The measurements of both are less than those given in Blyth’s original de- scription and in the “ Birds of India,” II, p. 157. Another of Blyth’s speci- mens on the same stand is larger than B, and more nearly corresponds with the published measurements. Ham. Corvin. 39. Denprocitta Bayer, Tytler, Ibis 1863, p. 119. A good series of this bird. Measurements in inches. Length, Wing. Tail. Bill to gape. Tarsus. é 12°2 46 72 1 1) ronelay, Sex? I1°8 46 ae isi 1 > 22 In my previous paper J. A. S. B. XXXIX, p. 242, “ wing 23,” “was misprinted for 43.” Hum. S tURNIDA. 40. CALORNIS PANAYENSIS, Scop. = C. cantor,Gm. Vide Ibis, 8rd Series, Vol. 1 1871, p. 176. _ The Andaman specimens (five), including both young and adults, appear to be identical with the Indian species. 41. TemenucHus ANDAMANENSIS, Tytler. The specimens in this collection (both ¢ and 2) go far to establish Tytler’s opinion as to the distinctness of the Andaman bird from Z. erythro- pygia, Blyth, from the Nicobars. None of them shew the slightest tendency 286 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, to rufescence on the rump, upper tail coverts, under tail-coverts or tail fea- thers, as is so distinctly marked in the Nicobar birds. I observe too, though I doubt its bemg a constant character, that the bill of the Nicobar bird is somewhat more slender and less conical than in the Andaman specimens. $ Wing 4°3; tail 3:2; bill at front 1:1; tarsus 1 inch. 42. EvuntaBes AnDAMANENSIS, Tytler. In my previous paper I simply confined myself to pointmg out that the Andaman and Nicobar birds are identical, feeling that without a larger series for comparison, and in the state of opinion on the subject of the different races of Hulabes, my safest course was, to follow Lord Walden, who has pronounced the Andaman bird to be a distinct and good species. Since that time, Dr. Stoliczka has discussed the subject at lenoth (J. A.S. B. XXXIX, pt. II, p. 826) and has been replied to by Lord Walden (Ibis, 3rd Series, Vol. I, p. 177). Dr. Stoliczka believes the Nepal, Arracan, Anda- man, Nicobar, Wellesley province and Malacca birds to be “ geographical races of the same species” viz., H. Javanensis, Osbeck. Lord Walden maintains not only the distinctness of imtermedia and Andamanensis ; but from recent examination of specimens from Malacca ques- tions their identity with the true Javanensis from Java. I have before me two specimens from a dealer’s collection from “ the Straits” which I take to belong to the large Malacca species generally known as Javanensis. In these the bill is well curved and high ; the naked space below the eye is quite disconnected with the wattles. The Andaman and Nicobar specimens are smaller and have the bill lower and straighter. The bare patch underneath the eye is not absolutely disconnected from the wattles. So far as I can see the colour of the bill and the size of the lappets are extremely variable in specimens from the same locality. In my Nicobar specimen, the commencement of the wattles behind the eye is broader than in either of the Andamanese, but in other respects, the size and shape of the bill, feet &c., there is no perceptible difference. Measurements in inches of a specimen in Dr. Dobson’s collection. Wing 6:3 ; tail 3°25; bill from gape 1°5; tarsus. 1-4. Fam. FRINGILLID®. 43. Munta teuconota, Tem. Two specimens. Feathers not striated. Fam. 'TRERONIDA. 44. OSMOTRERON CHLOROPTERA, Blyth. This bird is said to be common, the collection contains only one speci- men however. There are grave suspicions that the bird-skinner made the 1872. ] V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. 287 discovery,—and acted upon it pretty frequently—that like other green pigeons, it is very good eating. Measurement in inches: wing 6°35, bill at front °65, tail 4°25, tarsus °85. 45. CARPOPHAGA SYLVATICA, Tickell. The identity of Andaman with Indian specimens of this bird has been fully established. The collection contains three specimens. Han. CoLuMBIDz. 46. TourtTuUR HUMILIS, Temm. One specimen. The upper parts are of a rather deeper tint than in most Indian specimens. 47, Macropyeis RUFIPENNIS, Blyth, J. A. S. B. XV, p. 3871. Three specimens, two of which, marked ¢, have the rufous of the neck, upper part of the back, breast and abdomen barred with dark brown shghtly undulating lines, which are close and distinct to the breast ; thence to the vent they are wider apart, broken and fainter. In a fourth specimen which is somewhat smaller, and may be either a young bird or the female, the bars are confined to the back of the neck, and the rufous of the wing coverts, edges of the wings, throat and abdomen is of a deeper tint approaching to bay. Mr. Blyth in his original description has pointed out the characters which distinguish this species,—the smaller size, and rufous underneath the” wings—from I. phasianella, Gould. The following are the dimensions of a male: length 14°15; wing 75; bill at front °6; tarsus ‘9 inch. Fan. GovuRIDz. 48. CHatcopHars Inpicus, Linn. Three specimens. Mr Blyth observes (Ibis, N. 8. IV, 1868, p. 138) : “I could perceive no difference between Andaman specimens and those from India and Barma, whereas the Nicobar race accords with the description of C. augusta, Bp. [| Comptes rendus, 1855].” Ham. GUAREOLIDZA. + 49. GLAREOLA oRTENTALIS, Leach. The collection contains two specimens which correspond exactly with specimens in the Indian Museum from the vicinity of Calcutta (Blyth’s Ca- talogue, No. 1548). Foum. CHARADRIDS. ¥ 50. CHARADRIUS LoNGIPES, Temm. Two specimens shot in May. In one the black of the summer plumage is beginning to appear. 9288 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, + 51. Merri cHorrroyi, Wagler. Two specimens shot in May, have the winter plumage as described and figured by Mr. J. E. Harting (Ibis, 1870, p. 379) : Length, Wing. Bill at front, Tarsus. 8:3 54 1 1'4 inch. $1 5°3 1 14 4 Col. Tytler says that he only obtained a distant view of the bird which is enumerated in Beavan’s list as 4. pyrrhothorax ( = 44. mongolicus apud Harting), so that it is not improbable that it was this species which he saw. It may have been this species too, which I observed in the Nico- bars. + 52. EupRromras vEREDUs, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1848, p. 38, B. of Aus- tralia, VI, pl. 14. Harting, Ibis, 1870, p. 209. Mr. Harting’s paper loc. ce. enables a specimen in winter plumage to be identified with certainty. Length 8:2; wing 64; bill ‘9; tarsus 1:8; un- covered portion of tibia ‘9 inches. Hum. ScoLoPactp®. 53. NumeEntus pHmopus, Linn. One specimen in the collection. The bird is said to be common in the clearings and cultivated grounds. It is enumerated in Blyth’s list of Anda- man birds but not in Beavan’s. It was obtained in the Nicobars by the Novara expedition, and also by myself; J. A. 8. B. XXXIX, pt. II, p. 33. + 54. ACTITIS GLAREOLA, Gmel. 7 55. ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS, Linn. One specimen of each of the above. Fam. Rawirmz. 56. Huryzona Canniner, Tytler, Ibis, 1863, p. 119. This collection contains one specimen of the above rail which was first described by Tytler and Blyth in the Ibis. Mr. Wood Mason says the bird is rather common in the grass bordering creeks. The specimen was shot near Hopetown. Measurement: wing 63 ; tail 8:3; bill at front 1:1; tarsus 2 inches. + 57. RALLUS sTRIATUS, Linn. ?P This bird differs from #. striatus, as represented in the Indian Museum (Blyth’s Catalogue, No. 1671), in its longer and more powerful bill and in the abrupt termination of the rufous of the head and back of the neck, which in ordinary specimens is continued for some distance along the sides of the bluish grey of the breast. In other respects it corresponds with the common Indian bird. Wing 5°15; bill at front 1:7; tarsus 1:55 inches. 1872.] VY. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. 289 Should specimens obtained hereafter shew that the above characters are constant, it may be then determined whether the Andaman bird must be regarded as belonging to a distinct race. The present specimen was received from Mr. Homfray. Fam, ARDEIDE. + 58. ARDEA PURPUREA, Linn. Two specimens in immature plumage. + 59. HeRoDIAS EGRETOIDES, Temm. One specimen which differs slightly in measurements from those given by Jerdon: wing 112, bill at front 2°9, tarsus 4:4, middle claw 3°5 inches. The bill is yellow with a brown tip to the upper mandible. Col. Tytler mentions having identified H. garzetta in the Andamans. 60. Herropras conconor, Blyth. H. Andamanensis Tytler. Col. Tytler (Ibis, N. S., ITI, 1867, p. 333) proposed for the Andaman bird a new name in consequence of “the young being black ab ovo, whereas those of the species for which it has been mistaken are white ;” to which Mr. Blyth replied (Ibis, N. S., 1V, 133) “ H. Andamanensis is decidedly identical with H. concolor of which I never saw a white example. It also inhabits the Nicobars and Arakan.” IT have carefully compared all the specimens available from the three localities and the only difference which I can discern, is that the Andaman birds are on the whole a little smaller, but one of the Nicobar birds is about the same size as the largest Andaman. Measurements in inches. Arana] NICOBARS, ANDAMANS. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 faa} : ‘ a & 2 ea ba et bases zs = eae ere el cea Sa NS eI - ure) wre = e a BR oe Bb os 5 5 a a a eels) se =| || SS ea a s) a oS Wing, seoeresseeeeee--| 11-4 | 11:1 | 10°75) 105 | 105 | 98 | 9:8 |9-62—9-75 Bill at front, ......... 34 33 3'5 3° 32 38 3 3 JWR STIIS, conee.o6occy 00006 3 2°8 3° 28 27 2°4 26 | 2°25—2°37 36 290 V. Ball—Wotes on Andaman Birds. [No. 4, The white on chin and throat exists in Nos. 2, 5,6, 7 and 8? Nos. 1, 3 and 4 have no trace of it. 61. Burormers Javanica, Horsf. Two specimens are conspicuously smaller than any of a good series of Indian birds with which I have compared them; but correspond closely in coloration and other details of plumage. ¢ Wing 65; bill at front 2°4; tarsus 1:65 inches. . Hum. ANATIDE, + 62. ? MareEca PuncTaTa, Cuv. Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. VII, pl. 11. JL. castanea, Kyton. What Col. Tytler’s Querquedula Andamanensis may be I am unable to say, as it has not been described, and the original specimen appears to have been lost. Prima facie it is improbable that a local species of Querquedula exists in the islands. Be that as it may, the present collection contains specimens of what is commonly known as the ‘ teal’ of the Andamans to the residents there. Except that they have a patch of white surrounding the eye and that the plumage of the head is somewhat -darker, they correspond very closely with Gould’s figure of MJareca punctata, Cuv. From his description it is evident that the plate exaggerates the bluish tinge of the velvet black speculum. Two of the specimens shew an incipient stage towards the full breeding plumage of the male, scattered patches of bright ferruginous or chesnut ap- pearing on the feathers of the breast and abdomen. The occurrence of this species in the Andamans would be very interest- ing. It has previously only been found in Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, the Moluccas and New Caledonia. Note.—While the preceding pages were passing through the press the sad news of the death of Col. Tytler at Simla reached us. His name, so frequently mentioned above, will ever be inseparably connected with the avifauna of the Andaman Islands. DD III ews 1872.] 291 New Barmese Prants,* (Part Frrst),—by S. Kurz, Esq. DILLENIACEA. 1. Dioventa prnosa, Roxb. FI. Ind. II. 652, non Ham. Arbor decidua magna ; folia adulta oblongo-obovata v. elliptico-oblonga, basi attenuata, obtusa v. rotundata, brevissime (2—38 lin.) petiolata, acuta v. obtusa, obsolete repando-dentata, 1O—12 poll. longa, supra glabra, subtus secus nervos Magis minusve pubescentia, juniora herbacea utrinque sparse pubescentia et petiolo foliaceo-alato subamplexicaulia ; flores aurei, 2—23 poll. in diametro, solitarii ex apice ramulorum verruciformium, pedunculis e. pollicaribus pubescentibus suffulti ; series imterior staminum exteriori duplo longior; styli et carpella 6; carpella matura calyce aucto aurantiaco tomentello carnoso globoso circa pollicem crasso inclusa— Andamans. ANONACEA. 2. Murrusa scirerocarpa, (Uvaria sclerocarpa, DC. Mém. 27). Arbor decidua, 40—50 pedalis, novellis tenuiter adpresse sericeis ; folia elliptico-oblonga ad oblonga, breviuscule petiolata, basi acuta, apiculata, chartacea, glabra; flores flavidi, dioici, 7—8 lin. longi, pedicellis brevibus gracilibus pubescentibus sustenti, fasciculos depauperatos brevissime pedun- culatos axillares efformantes ; sepala lineari-lanceolata, brevia, fulvo-tomen- tosa ; petala exteriora sepalis conformia sed paullo longiora ; petala interiora 7—S lin. longa, lanceolata, obtusa, extus puberula, intus canescenti tomen- tosa ; stamina numerosa, in toro subgloboso dense aggregata ; flores feminei (cf. Hf. et Th. Fl. Ind.).—artaban, Tenasserim. MENISPERMACEA. 3. MeELoDORUM (PYRAMIDANTHE) MACRANTHUM, nov. sp. Arbuscula 15—20 pedalis glabra gemmis fulvo-velutinis ; folia oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga, crasse et breviuscule petiolata, basi acuta, 6—7 poll. longa, brevius v. longius acuminata ; membranacea, glabra, nervis lateralibus arcuato-anastomosantibus, laxissime reticulata, utrinque pallide viridia; flores albi, speciosi, pedunculo pollicari puberulo suffulti, solitarii et late- rales ; sepala patentia, lato-ovata, 5—6 lin. longa, obtusiuscula, elabra, coriacea ; petala alba flavescentia, exteriora lineari-lanceolata, sub-5-polli- * Further particulars regarding stations, affinity of species, &c., will be given in my forthcoming Contributions towards a knowledge of the Barmese Flora, which I hope to have ready for publication as soon as the acquittal of other engagements allow me the necessary leisure for arranging and preparing the large materials already worked up. 292 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, earia, acuminata, basi paullulo attenuata glabra, interiora brevia, pollicem circiter longa, conniventia, lanceolata, obtusa, extus puberula glabrescentia, intus minute villosula; carpella oblique oblonga, stylo subrecurvo ovario ipso longiore terminata ; stamina numerosa, linearia; connectivum capita- tum.—Andamans. 4, 'TINOSPORA NUDIFLORA, (Cocculus nudiflorus, Griff. Not. Dicot. 307). Frutex scandens deciduus, caulibus sparse tuberculatis junioribus dense subalbido-pubescentibus ; folia adulta ignota, novella petiolis longis pubes- centibus instructa, ovato-oblonga, basi sinuato-rotundata, breviter acumi- nata, subtus molliter et subalbido-pubescentia ; flores feminei brunneo-lutei, solitarii, graciliter pedicellati bracteati racemos 3—4 poliicares glaberrimos in axillos foliorum delapsorum solitarios formantes ; bracteole subulate, parve ; sepala 6, exteriora parva reflexa, interiora magna recurva ; petala 6, ochraceo-lutea ; staminodia totidem setacea petalis opposita ; ovaria 3, toro semigloboso inserta; drupz cerasi majoris magnitudine v. majores aurantiaco-lutez, leves et lucid, putamen 5—6 lin. long., album, carinatum, leviusculum nee tuberculatum, endocarpo hmpido aquoso nidulans.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim. CAPPARIDEZ. 5. CRATHVA HYGROPHILA, nov. sp. Frutex 2—3 pedalis simplex v. 4—6 pedalis, parce ramosus, glaberri- mus, cortice brunneo leucosticto ; folia eadem ac in C. religiosa ; flores solitarii axillares, parvuli ? ; baccz 1—2 pollicares, oblongo-cylindrice, longe (1—2 poll.) stipitate, leves, brunnex, leucostictee.—Pequ. POLYGALEA. 6. SALOMONIA LONGICILIATA, nov. sp. Herbula annua ramosa, alis membraneis secus ramos ramulosque et foliorum marginibus longe albido-ciliatis, ceterum glaberrima ; folia vulgo obovata, raro ovalia, semipollicem circiter longa, basi in petiolum brevissi- mum attenuata, superiora sepius sessilia, obtusa et mucronulata, membrana- cea, 3-nervia, ciliata; flores minuti, purpurei, longius v. brevius spicati, spicis terminalibus et szpius lateralibus; bracteolee minute, subulatze, se- pius persistentes ; capsule transverse oblongz, compresse, leves (nec reti- culate), lato truncato-emarginate, lateribus dentibus subulatis biseriatis cristatee, sursum ad sinum nude ; semina nigra, nitentia.—Pegu. 7. PotycGata KaARENSIUM, nov. sp. Fruticulus vulgo 2—3 pedalis glaberrimus ; folia lanceolata ad lato- lanceolata, 4—8 poll. longa, basi in petiolum longiusculum attenuata, acuminata, membranacea, glabra, subtus glauca; flores majusculi, 6—7 lin. longi, albidi, apicibus lilacinis, breve et graciliter pedicellati, racemosi, secundi; racemi terminales et axillares, glabri, 2—3 poll. longi, foliis bre- 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. 293 viores; alz carina paullo breviores, obovato-lanceolate, obtuse; carina petalis interioribus duplo longior, cristata; crista biloba lobis multifidis ; capsule parvee, c. 2 lin. longe et late, rotundate, membranacee, ala duplici lat& apice profunde emarginata cinctz, glabre ; semina obovata, sericea, earunculo brevissimo albo suffulta.— Wartaban. 8. PoLYGALA CARDIOCARPA, nov. sp. Herbula debilis glabra, habitu P. glaucescentis, cauli a basi vulgo efoliato apicem versus ramoso; folia 13;—2 poll. longa, ovata v. oblongo- lanceolata, basi acuta v. acuminata et subdecurrentia, longiuscule petiolata, acuta, tenere membranacea, flaccidissima, glabra, subtus glauca; flores parvi, racemosi; racemi axillares et terminales, graciles ; capsule brevissime sed gracillime pedicellatz, chartacez, ovales, validinerves, ala duplici lata apicibus valde producta et profunde emarginata quasi formam obcordatam assumentes.— Tenasserim. HYPERICINE. 9. TRIDEYMIS PRUNIFLORA, nov. sp. Arbuseula 25—80 pedalis, decidua, trunco ramulis spiniformibus armato, novellis tomentellis; folia lineari- ad lanceolato-oblonga, juniora obovato-oblonga v. oblonga, 4—5 poll. longa, breve et graciliter petiolata (petiolo tomentoso), basi obtusa v. acuta et nonnunquam subinequalia, chartacea, supra asperiuscule tomentella, subtus tomentella et crasse reti- eulata ; flores pulcherrimi, hlacini; pedicelli 83—4 lin. longi, tomentosi, 3—5-ni fasciculati v. subcymosi, supra foliorum cicatricibus orientes ; sepala fulvescenti tomentosa; petala fimbriata, glandule oblonge, teretes, obtuse ; phalanges plane, basin versus latiuscule, filamentis supra medio liberis ; capsule oblonge, acute. (Cratoxylon prunifiorum, Kurz, MS. olim).—Barma. 10. CRATOXYLON NERIIFOLIUM, n. sp. Arbor decidua, 40—50 pedalis, glaberrima ; folia lanceolata v. elliptico- lanceolata, c. 4 poll. longa, brevissime petiolata v. subsessilia, basi sub-sagit- tata, glabra, acuta v. obtusiuscula, subtus pallida et distincte reticulata ; flores parvi, pedicellis brevissimis, 8—2-ni cymosi, pedunculi breves com- pressi terminales et vulgo in paniculam longiusculam glabram collecti ; sepala oblonga, obtusa, coriacea, glabra ; petala c. 3—4 lin. longa, rotunda- ta; phalanges plane, filamentis a medio liberis ; glandule hypogyne ovarii longitudine, carnose, clavate, obtuse; capsule sepalis paullo longiores, ovatee.—Chittagong, Pegu, Se. GUTTIFERA. 11. GARCINIA SUCCIFOLIA, nov. sp. Arbor 30—85 pedalis, glaberrima ; folia lanceolata ad oblongo-lanceo- lata, c. 2—4 poll. longa, breviuscule sed gracillime petiolata, basi acuta, 294 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, carnescente-herbacea (succo salino acido), vulgo acuta, glabra, nervis subtili- bus secus margines anastomosantibus ; flores albidi, parvi, solitarii v. terni, 2—8 lin. in diametro, breve crasseque pedicellata, terminales v. axillares ; flores mase.: sepala 2 interiora petalis majora et tenuiora, nervosa ; stamina numerosa, antheris oblongis marginatis planis 2-locularibus, in phalange erect brevi (lobata P) subsessilibus; fl. fem. et fruct. ignoti—Pegu, Martaban. TILIACHAE. 12. GREWIA RETUSIFOLIA, nov. sp. Frutex 3—4 pedalis, velutino-tomentosus ; folia obovata v. subobcor- - data,v. obcordato-ovalia, 2—8 poll. longa, brevissime petiolata, profunde retusa cum denticulo, argute duplicato-serrata, subcoriacea, supra minute et scabriu- scule tomentella, subtus dense canescenti v. flavescenti tomentosa ; flores ...... pedunculi breves, solitarii, axillares, hirsuti; torus brevis, dense hirsutus ; drupz rubicunde, sparse hirsute, glabrescentes, pisi magnitudine, 2—lobze lobis pyrenam solitariam 2—locularem includentibus.— Pegu. 13. ELmOCARPUS GRANDIFOLIUS, nov. sp. Arbor novellis fulvo v. ferrugineo-tomentosis ; folia largissima, 1—1+ pedes longa, obovato-oblonga v. ovalia, petiolis crassissimis 4—6 lin. longis tomentosis suffulta, basin versus subattenuata et seepius subdecurrentia v. rotundata, membranacea, acute v. breve acuminata, minute et remote ser- rato-dentata, subtus presertim secus nervos pilosula, supra glabra et subnitentia ; flores majores, pedicellis 3—1 poll. fulvo-tomentosis, in racemos fulvo- v. ferrugineo tomentosos collecti; sepala lineari-lanceolata, ferrugineo- tomentosa, semipollicaria ; petala paullo longiora, extus ferrugineo-pubes- centia, bifida, lobis fimbriato-fissis ; antheree numerose, graciles, filamentis longiores in aristam anthere loculorum longitudine desinentes ; ovarium dense pubescens ; drupz pollicares, compressiuscule oblonge, fulvo-puber- ule ; putamen compressiusculum, rugosum.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim. LINEA. 14. ErytHroxyLon KUNTHIANUM, nov. sp. Arbor glabra ; folia 8—4 poll. longa, oblongo-lanceolata, basi obtusa, breve et graciliter petiolata, breve et obtuse acuminata, raro obtusa, integra, chartacea, subtus, glauca; stipule subulate ; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis 6 lin. longis sursum incrassatis suffulti, vulgo bini in foliorum axillis v. supra cicatricibus petiolorum delapsorum ; petala oblonga, ligula magna bifida ; stamina alternatim breviora, filamenta basibus latis cum staminum tubo coherentia ; ovarium ovatum ; styli 8, breves et crassi, a basi liberi ; drupz monosperme, elliptico-ovales—Martaban. 1872.] S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. 295 RUTACEAL. 15. ATALANTIA LONGISPINA, NOV. sp. Arbuscula spinis 1—1} pollicaribus rectissimis cylindricis horride ar- mata, glaberrima ; folia elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, petiolis glabris 2—3 lin. longis imarticulatis, 8—4 poll. longa, acuta v. obtusa, glabra ; flores solitari v. bini in foliorum axillis, parvi, brevissime pedicellati (pedicellis glabris) ; calyx glaber, 5—dentatus ; ovarium verosimiliter glabrum, 3—an- gulare, in stylum brevem attenuatum ; bacce (immature) pruni magni- tudine, ovate, acuminate, toro brevi suffultee—Pegu, Martaban. OCHNACBHAK. 16. OcHna ANDAMANICA, nov. sp. Arbuseula decidua, glaberrima ; folia oblonga, v. elliptico-lanceolata, e. 4—5 poll. longa, brevi-petiolata, acuta et mucronata, setaceo- v. subti- liter serrulata, chartacea, supra nitentia ; flores speciosi, aurei, pedicellis eracilibus breviusculis demum elongatis articulatis ; pedunculi brevissimi simplices in ramulis lateralibus efoliatis terminales ; filamenta antherarum longitudine vy. paullum longiora ; petala 5, sepalis paullo longiora, obovata, in unguem latam sensim attenuata ; calycis fructigeri sepala omnia erecto- conniventia ; styli apice omnes liberi et patentes.— Andamans. 17. OCHNA FRUTICULOSA, nov. sp. Frutex pygmaeus, 1—3 pedalis, glaberrimus, deciduus 3 folia vulgd euneato-oblonga ad oblongo-lanceolata, cire. 4—5 poll. longa, acuminata, acuta v. sub-obtusa, basi in petiolum brevissimum attenuata, chartacea, ar- eute serrata ; flores speciosi, aurei, pedicellis longioribus v. brevioribus sup- portati ; pedunculi omnino reducti v. breves simplices s. ramosi ; petala 5, obovata, unguiculata ; filamenta antherarum longitudine ; stylus sepa- lorum longitudine v. paullo longior, gracillimus, filiformis ; stigma minutum, truncatum ; calycis fructigeri sepala erecto-conniventia.— Pequ. BURSERACEA. 18. CANARIUM EUPHYLLUM, Kurz Gn Andam. Rep. Append, B. 4). Arbor magna, glabra ; folia 2—38 ped. longa, impari-pmnata, glabra ; foliola 9—10 poll. longa opposita pinnulis inferioribus minoribus, oblonga v. ovato-oblonga, basi oblique rotundata, abrupte apiculata, longiuscule petio- lulata, chartacea, serrulata, nitentia, glabra, inter nervos utrinque 12—9 laterales valde reticulata ; stipule nulle ?; flores majusculi, albi, breve et distanter racemulosi, in paniculam 13 ped. longam axillarem glaberrimam collecti ; calyx 83—fidus, lobis latis obtusiusculis ; petala 3, lanceolata, acuta, crassiuscula, } poll. circiter longa, extus tomentella ; glandule hypogyne 6, ellipticee, obtuse, geminatim coherentes, lute ; stamina 6, filamentis basi coherentibus ; stylus simplex ; drupze....— Andamans. 296 S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. [No. 4, 19. CANARIUM P COCCINEO-BRACTEATUM, (Kurz in Andam. Rep. Ap- pendix B. 4). ‘ Arbor mediocris, novellis fulvo velutinis ; folia impari-pinnata, 1—2 ped. longa, glabra ; foliola 3—4-juga, 5—7 poll. longa, opposita, breviuseule petiolulata, oblonga v. ovato-oblonga, basi inzequali-obtusa, in eademque ar- bore integerrima et setaceo-serrulata, acuminata, sub-coriacea, glabra, sub- tus inter nervos utrinque 10 laterales laxe reticulata, stipule majuscule, profunde bifide et iterato fisse, segmentis rigidis grosse dentatis pube- rulis ; flores (in alabastro) paniculas axillares coccineas tomentellas termi- nales efficientes ; bracteee oblongx, acute, tomentelle, coccines.—Anda- MUONS. MELIACEA. 20. ScHIZOCHITON GRANDIFLORUM, nov. sp. Arbor mediocris novellis velutino-tomentosis v. pubescentibus ; folia alterna, abrupte pinnata, raro impari-pinnata, rhachide dense fulvescenti- tomentosa ; foliola 4—6-juga, hine inde cum impari, opposita v. subopposita, breve crasseque petiolulata, oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, breve acuminata, integra v. subintegra, 6—10 poll. longa, supra (nervis exceptis) glabres- centia, subtus molliter pubescentia ; flores mediocres, c. 6 lin. longi, sub- sessiles et bracteolis lato-oblongis dense fulvo-pubescentibus sustenti, race- mulosi, paniculas longe pedunculatas graciles dense fulvo-tomentosas axillares formantes ; calyx campanulatus, dense pubescens, obsolete 4—dentatus ; petala (teste Wight et Arn. sepe 6) apicibus imbricata, cire. 6 lin. longa, dense pubescentia ; staminum tubus basin versus petalis adnatus, parce pubescens, apice crenato 6—7-lobatus, lobis truncatis oblongis et integris ; anthere 6 v. 7; ovarium stylusque fulvo-pubescentes; capsule 3-lobze et pyriformes, cire. 17 poll. long, pericarpio crasse coriaceo lutescente, 3—valves ; semina solitaria, magna, arillo completo aurantiaco.—l/artaban, Tenasservm. 21. WALSURA HYPOLEUCA, nov. sp. Arbor mediocris novellis minute puberulis ; folia impari-pinnata, gla- berrima, rhachide levi v. sparse lenticellata ; foliola bijuga cum impari, petiolulis 1—(terminalibus 2—23-) poll. longis glabris, elliptico ad oblongo- lanceolata, 6—8 poll. longa, basi obtusa v. acuta, chartacea, glabra, obtusius- cule et breve v. longiuscule acuminata, subtus glauca, inter reticulationes leevia (nec albido-tessellata) ; flores parviusculi, albi, pedicellis 1—2 lin. lon- gis puberulis suffulti paniculam corymbosam sessilem v. subsessilem puberu- Jam axillarem formantes ; calyx puberulus, lobis oblongis obtusiusculis ; pe- tala 5, hime inde ad 8 augmentata, lineari-lanceolata, acuta, puberula, 2 lin. fere longa ; stamina 10, nonnunquam usque ad 15, omnia libera ; filamenta linearia, zequilata, antheris multo angustiora, integra, villosa; discus cras- 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. 297 sus, ruber ; ovarium immersum, dense fulvo-tomentosum ; bacce immature canescenti-velutine, oblong, acuminate.— Andamans. 22. Watsura (HEYNEA) PUBESCENS, nov. sp. Arbuseula gracilis, 25—30 pedalis, novellis molli-pubescentibus ; folia impari-pinnata, rachide terete pubescente ; foliola 4-juga cum impari, bre- vius v. longius petiolulata (petiolulis pubescentibus), ovato-oblonga v. oblon- ga, basi nonnunquam parum inzquali acuta v. rotundata, 8—5 poll. longa, breve acuminata, integra et vulgo undulata, membranacea, subtus molliter flavescenti pubescentia ; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis brevibus pubescentibus sustenti, paniculam longe pedunculatam corymbosam brachiatam axillarem formantes ; calyx pubescens ; petala cire. lin. longa, extus pubescentia ; sta- minum tubus fere a medio liber, filamentis latis, glaberrimtis, apice bifidis ; capsule cerasi minimi magnitudine, globose v. ovoider, glabra, rubre, bivalves, semen unicum arillo (albo ?) indutum foventes.—Martaban. 23. CEDRELA MULTIJUGA, nov. sp. Arbor elegans, 70—90 pedalis, novellis minute fulvescenti-puberis ; folia usque ad 3 ped. longa, impari-pinnata, petiolis teretibus junioribus pube- rulis ; foliola 12—15 juga cum impari, alterna, petiolulis 2—3 lin. puberulis suffulta, ovato-lanceolata ad lanceolata, subobliqua, basi ineequali rotundata, 5—6 poll. longa, acuminata, membranacea, integra ; flores parvi, albi, pedi- cellis semi-lineam longis suffulti, paniculam strictam glabram racemose-con- tractam formantes ; petala et sepala 5, urceolato-convergentia, oblongo- lanceolata, acutiuscula, hee 13—2 lin. longa, minute ciliolata; stamina 10, libera ; ovarium 10-suleatum.—Pegu. CHAILLETIACEA. 24, CH, HELFERIANA, nov. sp. Frutex scandens ? novellis flavescenti—— v. canescenti-puberulis ; folia elliptico-oblonga vy. oblonga, petiolis 83—4: lin. longis canescenti-tomentosis, breve acuminata, basi acuta v. obtusa, integra, pergamacea preesertim dum juvenilia subtus secus costam marginesque adpresse pubescentia, nervis late- ralibus tenuibus et inconspicuis ; flores parvi, pedicellis brevibus et canes- centi-pubescentibus, in cymulas v. corymbos parvos axillares canescenti- pubescentes pedunculo $-# pollicari crasso libero supportatos collecti ; sepala petalaq 2 extus sericea.—TZenasserim, OLACINEA. 25. ANACALOSA PUBERULA, nov. sp. Frutex magnus, glaber ; folia 6—5 poll. longa, breve petiolata, oblonga ad ovato- et elliptico-oblonga, acuminata, basi acuta, integra, coriacea, glabra ; flores parvi, pedicellis brevibus strictis puberulis, e pedunculo conico v. glo- boso brevi crasso minute bracteato orientes ; calyx fulvescenti-puberulus ; drupe....—dAndamans. 37 298 S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. [No. 4, 26. CANSJERA PARVIFOLIA, nov. sp, Partes novell, folia et inflorescentiz pilis furcatis tomentelle v. pu- berulz ; folia vulgo pollice breviora, ovata, basi rotundata v. obtusa, coria- cea, emarginata v. obtusa, integra, utrinque petiolusque brevis tomentella ; flores parvi, sessiles, calyce magis distincto, spicas breves axillares formantes ; corolla puberula— Zenasserim. 27. STEMONURUS TOMENTELLUS, nov. sp. Ramuli, petioli et inflorescentie fulvescenti-tomentelle ; folia 6—7 poll. longa, longiuscule et graciliter petiolata, oblongo— v. elliptico-lanceo- lata, abrupte et obtusiuscule acuminata, basi acuta, subcoriacea, integra, subtus puberula; flores parvi, sessiles, ecymas 3—4-tomas, dense tomen- tosas, longiuscule pedunculatas axillares formantes ; calyx hirsutus; corolla glabra ; filamenta sursum elevata.—Barma. 28. STEMONURUS ? CRASSIPES, nov. sp. Arbuscula 25—80 pedalis, glaberrima ; folia 5—7 poll. longa, lanceo- lata ad oblongo-lanceolata, basi acuminata, petiolo 4—5 lin. crasso sufful- ta, obtusiuscula, pergamacea, glabra, opaca, subtus obscure colorata ; flo- res parvi, pedicellis lin. longis, in cymas brevissimas (petioli longitudime) glabras paucifloras axillares collecti; calyx coriaceus, cupularis, obsolete dentatus ; drupze immature obovate, pedunculo crassissimo 2—3 lin. lon- go sustente, apice truncato disco prominenter acuminato terminatze, basi calycis limbo rupto angusto circumdate.—Pequ. 29. Apopytes AnDAMANICA, Kurz in Andam. Rep. Append. B. 5. Arbuscula glabra gemmis sparse puberulis ; folia 7—8 poll. longa, breviuscule petiolata, elliptico-oblonga v. oblonga, acuminata, basi obtusa v. acuta et sepius sub-obliqua, coriacea, glabra, opaca; flores parvi, subsessiles eymas breve et crasse pedunculatas densas puberulas axillares formantes ; calyx puberulus, obsolete 5- raro 6-dentatus ; petala extus puberula, lanceo- lata, apicibus acutis incurva; stylus brevis vix excentricus ; drupz semi- baccatee, pollicem circiter long ; nux lignoso-fibrosus, ovato-oblongus, plano- convexus et subnavicularis, acumine inflexo terminatus, appendice crasso carnoso albo nucis superficiem totam planam obtegente ; semina elliptica, compressa.—Andamans. 30. SaRrcostigéMA EDULE, (Chailletia edulis, Kurz in And. Rep. App. B. 6). Frutex scandens, glaber; folia elliptica ad oblonga, breviuscule petiolata, basi obtusa, coriacea, obtusiuscule apiculata, integra, glabra, utrinque erasse et eleganter reticulata; racemi ferrugineo-tomentosi ; drupz inzequali-ob- lonewe, compressiuscule, obtuse, aurantiacee, dense tomentelle, pulpa tenui dulciusculo edibiliimAndamans. 31. Yoprs BRANDISH, nov. sp. Frutex scandens tomentellus ; folia 6 poll. longa, elliptico-oblonga, basi 1872.] S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. ; 299 obtusa, petiolis longiusculis gracilibus tomentosis, acuminata et costa excur- rente mucronata, integra, membranacea, subtus inter nervos prominenter et laxe reticulata, supra secus nervos subtusque tota pagina tenui-tomentosa et viridia ; flores minuti, tomentosi, pedicellis brevibus sed gracilibus, paniculas laxas tomentosas geminas sub-oppositifolias formantes ; panicula una alterave Vy. ejusdem ramulus in cirrhum tortuosum transmutatus ; fructus....—TZenas- serum. ILICINEAE. 32. ILEX GAULTHERLEFOLIA, nov. sp. Frutex glaber ; folia lineari-lanceolata, basin versus attenuata v. cu- neata, breve crasseque petiolata, acuta, 3—3% poll. longa, coriacea, serrata, nervis subtus conspicuis, glabra; flores minuti, pedicellis glabris gracilibus, eymas breves graciles axillares petiolorum longitudine formantes ; calyx 5- lobatus, lobis lato-oblongis, obtusiusculis ; petala rotundata; stamina 5, filamentis gracilibus, cum petalis alternantibus ; drup....—TZenasserim. CHLASTRINEAE. 33. EVONYMUS CALOCARPUS, NOV. sp. Frutex ? glaber, ramulis teretibus ; folia textura et coloratione tis gene- ris Miecrotropis simillima, elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, petiolis 3—4 lin. Ion- gis, breve et obtusiuscule acuminata, integra, subcoriacea, 4-6 poll. longa, subtus pallida ; flores... ; capsule cerasi fere magnitudine, pedunculo elabro brevi suffultze v. subsessiles, vulgo obsolete 4-lobze et 4-valves, leves ; semina in loculis solitaria arillo rubescente induta.— TZenasserim. 34. KyonyMUS (GLYPTOPETALUM) SCLEROCARPUM, nov. sp. Arbuscula 8—12 pedals cortice rubra, glaberrima; folia oblonga ad elliptico-lanceolata, petiolis 83—4 lin. longis crassis, basi acuminata, 6—S8 poll. longa, coriacea, serrata, acuminata ; flores virescenti-purpurei, pedicellis longis gracilibus instructi, cymas pedunculatas laxas glabras solitarias v. per plures in foliorum axillis v. supra eorum delapsorum cicatricibus orientes formantes ; sepala alba, lato-orbicularia ; petala suborbicularia, concava, extus viridia, intus virescenti-purpurea exappendiculata ; stamina 4; antherze in disco lato obsolete 4-gono subsessiles ; stigma sessile, obsolete 4-gonum : capsule subglobose v. bilobz, pisi majoris magnitudine, rimosz, et ver- ruculoso-scabre ; arillus sanguineus.—Pequ. 35. LOPHOPETALUM WALLICHII, nov. sp. Arbor magna, glaberrima ; folia oblgnga ad elliptica, raro ovato-oblon- ga, petiolis 1—1} pollicaribus, obtusa v. obtusiuscula v. acuta, basi rotun- data, 4—6 poll. longa, integerrima, supra glaucescenti-viridia et nitentia, subtus opaca et inter nervos conspicuos laxe reticulata ; flores c. 3 lin. in diametro, pedicellis 2—2% lin. longis albis glabris instructi ; paniculz 300 S. Kurz —New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, axillares et terminales rigidiuscule, virescenti-albide ; petala virescenti- alba, nuda et integra ; discus magnus, carnosus, luteus ; stamina 5, deflexa, disco inserta; ovarium triquetrum, sanguineum ; capsule c. 4 poll. longe, vy. longiores, 2 poll. late, 3-lobe et 3-valves, valvis levibus ; semina com- pressa, imbricata, cum ala 2—23 poll. longa, oblonga, ala elliptico-oblonga membranacea complete circumdata.— Barma. 36. HIPPOCRATEA FUSCESCENS, nov. sp. : Frutex P glaber ; folia oblongo-lanceolata v. oblonga, petiolis crassis 4—5 lin. longis, breve acuminata, basi acuta, 23—38 poll. longa, coria- cea, obsolete crenato-serrata, glabra, supra nitentia, im sicco fuscescentia v. nigrescentia ; panicule cymosz, glabra, a basi ramose v. pedunculate axillares, foliis paulo breviores ; flores parvi, circ. 2 lin. in diametro, pedi- cellis 1—1} In. longis, sepala minute eroso-ciliata ; petala obovato-oblonga, concava, basin versus attenuata, lineam circiter longa, imbricata ; anthers 3, filamentis reflexis brevissimis disco elevato insertis; carpella....—TZenas- serim. 37. SALACIA GRANDIFLORA, Nov. sp. Frutex scandens, glaber, ramulis teretiusculis ; folia elliptica ad ellip- tico-oblonga, apiculata, basi acuta, petiolis 3— poll. longis crassissimis, integra et marginibus parum revolutis, 8—9 poll. longa, subcoriacea, glabra, utringue nitentia, in sicco fuscescentia ; flores conspicui ; pedicelli crassi, 2 lin. longi, 2—4-ni, e tuberculis minute bracteolatis axillaribus v. laterali- bus orti; sepala lato-rotundata, glabra, lin. circiter longa ; petala sessilia, rotundata, 83—4 lin. longa ; stamina 3, disco intus inserta, filamenta bre- vissima dilatata et reflexa; ovarium leve; stylus brevis; bacce....— Tenasserum. 38. SALACIA FLAVESCENS, nov. sp. Frutex ? glaber, ramulis teretiusculis ; folia lanceolata, opposita v. alter- na, petiolis 83—4 lin. longis crassis, utrinque acuminata, integra v. obsolete crenata, marginibus parum revolutis, tenuiter coriacea, 4—5 poll. longa, glabra, supra nitida, subtus pallida, in sicco lutescentia ; flores minuti, albi ? pedicelli 1—2 lin. longi, e tuberculis axillaribus v. lateralibus minute_brac- teatis orti; sepala oblongo-lanceolata, obtusiuscula ; petala $ lin. longa, oblonga, obtusa; anther 3; filamenta disco intus inserta, brevissima, dilatata ; ovarium leve ; bacce....— Tenasserim. RHAMNEAE. APTERON, nov. gen. Calyx 5-fidus, tubo brevi obconico, lobis patentibus acutis. Petala 5. obovata, minuta, inter calycis lobos inserta. Stamina 5, petalis paullo longio- ra ; filamenta filiformia. Discus planus, liber. Ovarium disco immersum, subglobosum, 2-loculare ; stylus brevissimus, stigmatibus 2 brevibus. Dru- 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. 301 pa (?) globosa, Glowanie more calyce aucto inclusa eidemque adnata, apice limbo coronata, abortu 1-locularis, monosperma ? semina. ...Frutex scandens foliis serrulatis penninerviis. Flores parvi, fasciculati, paniculas racemosas formantes. 39. APTERON LANCEOLATUM, nov. sp. Frutex magnus scandens, novellis tomentellis ; folia lanceolata, petiolis 2—3 lin. longis crassis puberulis glabrescentibus, longe et obtusiuscule acumi- nata, serrata, chartacea, secus nervos fulvescenti-pubescentia mox glabres- centia, 4—5 poll. longa, utrinque nervis lateralibus numerosis (7—9) promi- nentibus percursa; flores parvi; pedicelli graciles v. crassiusculi, 1 lin. longi, puberuli, fasciculati v. subsolitarii, racemosi et paniculas terminales et axillares canescenti- v. flavescenti-tomentosas formantes ; calyx dense v. parce puberulus, circiter 1;—2 lin. in diametro; ovarium pubescens, stylo brevi bifido terminatum; drupa (?) adhue nimis immatura globosa, grani piperis magnitudine, calyce aucto glabrescente limbo calycis coronato usque ad apicem fere inclusa.—Tenasserim. 40. SMYTHEA? CALPICARPA, nov. sp. Erutex scandens ? ramulis fulvo-pilosis ; folia lanceolata, petiolis 3—1 lin. longis crassis magis minusve pilosis, acuminata, serrata, chartacea, 4—33 poll. longa, subtus secus costam pilosa, ceterum glabra; flores... ; capsule (immature) 17 poll. long, oblongz, apice oblique truncate, folliculis Calpicarpi non absimiles, dense fulvescenti pubescentes, coriaceze.— Tenasserim. 41. CoLUBRINA PUBESCENS, nov. sp. Frutex scandens, habitu omnino C. Asiatice, novellis dense fulvo-pubes- centibus ; folia C. Astatice sed juvenilia dense fulvo-pubescentia magis minusve glabrescentia ; flores parvi, viridiusculi, pedicellis lin. longis graci- libus pubescentibus, cymas breves robustas fulvo-pubescentes axillares efformantes ; semina minora, compressa.—Pequ. AMPELIDEA. 42. VITIS ERYTHROCLADA, nov. sp. Frutex alte scandens, ramulis teretibus fulvis novellisque parce pubes- centibus; folia decidua, digitatim—5-foliolata, petiolis 4—5 pollicaribus glabris instructa; petiolulis 1—2 pollicaribus glabris gracilibus, lato-obovato- oblonga, 4—6 poll. longa, breve acuminata, basi acuta, serrata, membranacea, novella subtus secus nervos parce pubescentia mox glaberrima ; cirrhi bifidi ; stipulz...; flores parvi, virescenti-flavi, pedicellis 1:—38 lmearibus puberu- pis suffulti, cymulosi, cymam axillarem dichotomo-ramosam breviusculam laxam puberulam magis minusve glabrescentem formantes ; calyx brevis, puberulus ; petala et stamina 4; stylus simplex, subulatus ; bacez globosze, cerasi magnitudine.—Pegu, Martaban. 302 S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. [No. 4, 43. WVITIS ASSIMILIS, nov. sp. Frutex alte scandens, glaber, ramis teretibus tuberculatis; folia petiolis teretibus 1—1; poll. longis, constanter 3-foliolata ; foliola petiolulis (—1 lin. long.) crassis instructa, oblongo-lanceolata (lateralia obliqua et altero latere basi rotundata) 8—4 poll. longa, acuta, crenato-dentata, coriacea, glabra ; flores parvi, virescenti-albi, hermaphroditi, pedicellis lin. longis crassis dense fulvo-pubescentibus suffulti, cymam axillarem breve pedunculatam szpius nutantem ramosissimam puberulam efformantes ; petala 4; ovarium sursum in stylum brevem crassum attenuatum, stigmata 4, brevia, patentia.—/ar- éaban. 44, VITIS CAMPYLOCARPA, Nov. sp. Frutex alte scandens, glaberrimus, ramis teretibus et cirrhis crassis oppositifolus ; folia digitatim 5—(—7 ?) foliolata, petiolis 2—3 poll. longis levibus ; foliola petiolulo 3—1} pollicari geniculatim inserta, obovata, basi acuta sub-decurrentia (lateralia sub-obliqua), 4—6 poll. longa, abrupte acumi- nata, remote et leviter crenato-dentata, succulente coriacea, glabra; flores, ...im cymam dichotomo-ramosam brevissime pedunculatam v. subsessilem glabram axillarem collecti; baccee oblonge, $ poll. fere long, subcurvatz, leves et lucidze, pedicellis lin. longis suffulte, semen solitarium coffeiforme sulcatum transverse lineatum includentes.—Pegu. 45. Viris WaALLICHII, nov. sp. Caulis teretiusculus, subherbaceus, glaber ; folia simplicia, petiolis 2—3 pollicaribus glabris subangulatis, cordato-oblonga v. oblonga, basi 5-nervia, subtriloba, acuta, setaceo-serrata, membranacea, subtus in nervis parce puberula, 6—7 poll. longa; cymae axillares, parviuscule, folis multo breviores, pedunculatz et pauciramez, glabre ; flores... ; baccee pisi minoris magnitudine, globose, longe (46 lin.) et crasse pedunculatae, monospermez. —Ava. 46. LEEA PUMIDA, nov. sp. Herba perennis pumila simplex dense fulvo-v. cinereo-pubescens ; folia imparipinnata, adhuc juvenilia dense pubescentia ; rachis et petiolus teretes, erassi; foliola juniora bijuga cum impari, petiolulis brevissimis crassis tereti- bus, ovato-oblonga, serrata, plicata, utrinque dense pubescentia v. subtomen- tosa; stipule magne, petiolo adnate, anguste, extus tomentosz ; cymz breves et compactiusculae, pubescentes, subsessiles v. pedunculo terete dense pubescente suffultze, breviter ramosz ; flores (in alabastro) subsessiles ; calyx tomentosus ; petala extus puberula.—Pequ. SAPINDACE. 47. CUPANIA FUSCIDULA, nov. sp. Arbor, partibus omnibus puberulis; folia vulgo abrupte pinnata v. impari pinnata; rachis ferrugineo—tomentosa, exalata; foliola ce. 4 poll. 1872. | S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. 303 longa, alterna, inzequalia et subfalcata, oblongo-lanceolata, basi in petiolo brevissimo crasso subdecurrentia, apiculata, integra, chartacea, in sicco fuscescentia v. nigrescentia, utrinque (presertim subtus) puberula ; flores parvi, paniculas axillares ramosas ferrugineo-tomentosas folio breviores formantes ; sepala oblongo-rotundata, ciliata et plerumque sparse hirtula ; petala lato-oblonga, ciliata, squama supra ungue instructa bifida, intus lanata ; stamina vix exserta; capsulae....—Tenasserim. 48. CUPANIA GLABRATA, Nov. sp. Arbuseula glabra, 25—380 pedalis; folia abrupte pinnata, brevius petiolata, glaberrima et lucida; foliola vulgo bijuga, lanceolata v. oblongo- lanceolata, utrinque acuminata, 4—7 poll. longa, integra, subcoriacea, laxe sed prominenter reticulata; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis lin. longis instructi, pauci fasciculati, paniculam axillarem glabram simplicem v. compositam racemiformem efformantes ; sepala 5, rotundato-obovata, exteriora 2 majora lin. fere longa, glabra, villoso-ciliata ; petala totidem, c: $ lin. longa, spatu- lato-linearia, extus glabra, intus dense albo-lanuginosa ; ovarium fulvescenti- hirsutum.—Pegu, léartaban, 49. NEPHELIUM GRIFFITHIANUM, nov. sp. Arbor, gemmis fulvescenti-velutinis; folia glabra, impari-pimnata, petiolis glabris 2—3 poll. longis glaucescentibus ; foliola 3—4 juga cum impari, breve petiolulata, ovato-oblonga ad oblonga, basi inzequali obtusa v. subobtusa breve acuminata, chartacea, subtus glauca, reticulatione utrinque conspicua et prominente ; flores... ; fructus (racemosi teste Griffithi) abortu 1-lobati, subsessiles, oblongi, ovi gallinacei parviuseuli magnitudine, murici bus angulato-compressis conicis % poll. fere longis tecti, semen unicum mag- num arillo succulento albo indutum includentes.— Ava. ZOLLINGERIA, nov. gen. Calyx 5—partitus, sepala decidua, inzequalia, imbricata, interiora 2 majora. Petala totidem, subunguiculata, basi squama obtusa petalorum dimidio breviori lanuginosa instructa. Stamina &, disco obsoleto intus inserta; filamenta non exserta, longa et gracilia; anther ovales, 2-loculares, loculis 2-locellatis obtusis. Ovarium triquetrum, conicum, in stylum triquetrum simplicem tridentatum attenuata, 3-loculare, loculi uniovulati, ovulum a medio axis centralis suspensum. Capsule magn, chartacez, maceratione dissepimentorum vulgo ji-loculares, 3- v. abortu nonnunquam 2-alatie, sep- ticide dehiscentes, semen solitarium v. duo continentes. Seminum testa membranacea, cotyledones magne, virides, plicate. Albumen nullum. Arbores sepe magne decidue foliis impari-pinnatis foliolisque integris. Flores parvi, albi, in paniculas breves sepius compositas axillares collecti- 50. ZOLLINGERIA MACROCARPA, 0. sp. Arbor usque 80 pedalis, novellis fulvo-puberulis ; folia vulgo impari- rarius subabrupte pinnata, glabra; foliola alterna, basi magis miunusve 304 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [ No. 4, inzequalia, petiolulis 2—38 lin. longis suffulta, lanceolata ad oblongo-lanceolata, obtusiuscule acuminata, 5—8 poll. longa, chartacea, integra, laxe reticulata ; flores albi, pedicellis 2 lin. longis, paniculas iis Dodonaee similes breves subnutantes obsolete puberulas axillares v. terminales formantes ; sepala lin. circiter longa, obovata, ciliolata, subemarginata; petala 2 lin. longa, ciliata oblonga, obtusa, basi unguiculata squama lanata obtusa aucta; filamenta pubescentia ; ovarium basi parce pubescens ; capsule 2 poll. circiter longe, oblonge, glabre, 3 v. raro abortu 2-alatz, alis latis striatis basi angustatis rotundatis apice subtruncatis.—Prome. 51. ACER ISOLOBUM, nov. sp. Arbor magna, glabra; folia 5—6 poll. longa et lata, basi rotundata, longe petiolata, 3-loba, lobis patentibus acuminatis, utrinque glabra, 3- nervia et reticulata ; flores et fructus ignoti— artaban. SABIACEZ. 52. SABIA VIRIDISSIMA, N. sp. Frutex glaberrimus ; folia obovato- ad elliptico-lanceolata, petiolis 6—8 lin. longis, utrinque acuminata, membranacea, glabra, 6—8 poll. longa; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis c. 3 lin. gracilibus dein sursum incrassatis suffulti, paniculas 1 v. 2 laxas breves glabras axillares efformantes; calyx glaber, segmentis ovatis obtusis ; petala 2-lin. fere longa; stylus 3-fidus, stigmati- bus hippocrepiformibus ; fructus....—Andamans. ANACARDIACHA. 53. BUCHANANIA LAXIFLORA, nov. sp. Arbor decidua, novellis canescenti-tomentosis ; folia ovato-oblonga, basi obtusa, 6—7 poll. longa petiolo crasso semipollicari, coriacea, integra, tomentella, supra glabrescentia ; flores minuti, pedicellis brevibus sed graci- libus suffulti,in paniculam terminalem laxam diffusam ramosissimam canes- centi v. fulvescenti-pubescentem collecti; bractezee minute, subulate ; calyx canescenti-puberulus, lobis oblongis acutis vix Z lin. longis ; petala obovato- oblonga, vix lmeam longa; filamenta subpuberula; ovarium glabrum.— Martaban. 54. SEMECARPUS SUBRACEMOSA, Nov. sp. Fruticosa ? novellis fulvo-puberulis ; folia verosimiliter decidua, dis- tantia, oblonga vy. oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa v. obtusiuscula, basi in petio- lum latum 3—1 poll. longum glabrum subdecurrentia, ec. 3—4: poll. longa, integra, tenul-chartacea, supra glaucina, glabra et nitentia, subtus glauca et dum juvenilia minute puberula, dein in costa crass& nervisque parallelis anas- tomosantibus puberula, reticulatione lax& et conspicua interjecta ; flores parvi, pedicels brevissimis dense puberulis suffulti, fasciculato-cymulosi, paniculam gracillimam puberulam v. subpubescentem axillarem et ramorum 1872. ] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. B05 apices terminantem ramosam formantes ; calyx puberulus ; petala 5, lineam circiter longa, valvata ; stamina 5. omnia fertilia, filamentis capillaribus ; discus hispido-tomentellus ; ovarium glabrum stylis 3 crassis apicibus capitato-stigmatosis coronatum ; nux....—_Pegu. 55. Horigarna GRanamit (Semecarpus Grahamu, Wight, Fe. t. 235). Arbor 20—30 pedalis, novellis pubescentibus ; folia 1—2% ped. longa, elongato-obovato-lanceolata, basi cuneato-acuminata, petiolo 4—1 poll. longo crasso utrinque appendicibus barbeformibus geminis augmento, breve acuminata, integra, coriacea, juvenila molli-pubescentia, dein supra glabres- centia subtusque glaucescentia et obsolete puberula ; flores parvi, subsessiles, dense ferrugineo-tomentosi, paniculas breviusculas dein elongatas dense ferru- eineo-tomentosas axillares efformantes ; bracteolz lineares, intus glabre, deciduz ; calycis lobi lanceolati, utrinque ferrugineo-pubescentes, pedi- ceelli brevissimi sub fructu usque ad} poll. long. elongati ; nucis elliptico- obovate monosperme pars summa tantum exserta.—Pequ, Martaban. CONNARACEAL. 56. ELLIPANTHUS CALOPHYLLUS, Kurz, Andam. Rep. Append. B. 6. Arbuscula 20—380 pedalis glabra gemmis fulvo-pubescentibus ; folia unifoliolata, petiolis glabris pollicaribus suffulta ; foliola brevissime et crasse petiolata, ovato-oblonga v. oblonga, obtusiuscule acuminata, 5—6 poll. longa, subcoriacea, integra, glaberrima, nervis subtus rubescentibus, utrinque crebre et eleganter reticulata ; flores mediocres, pedicellis strictis brevibus dense puberulis geniculatis ; racemi vix pollicares, dense fulvo-puberuli ; petala lmeari-oblonga, dense tomentella, plus quam 3 lin. longa ; folliculi oblique oblongi, in stipitem brevem et crassum attenuati, apiculati, compres- siusculi, pollicem circiter longi, velutino-tomentosi, coriacei, intus glabri. Andamans. 57. LKLLIPANTHUS TOMENTOSUS, nov. sp. Arbuscula ramulis dense fulvo-tomentosis ; folia unifoliolata, petiolis cire. semipollicaribus dense fulvo-pubescentibus ; foliola oblonga ad oblongo- lanceolata et lanceolata, breve obtuseque acuminata, 4—6 poll. longa, inte- era, coriacea, supra glabra, nitentia et eleganter reticulata, subtus plus minus- ve fulvo- v. flavescenti-tomentosa, nonnunquam glabrescentia ; flores parvi- usculi, pedicellis tomentosis brevissimis crassis geniculatis instructi ; racemi breves, tomentosi, axillares, ramosi, seepius paniculeformes ; petala oblonga, obtusa, dense tomentella, 2 lin. circiter longa ; folliculi oblique oblongi, apiculati, compressiusculi, bipollicares, in stipitem longiusculum crassum attenuati.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim, Siam. 35 306 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, . ROSACEA. 58. PYGEUM PERSIMILE, nov. sp. Arbor, novellis parce adpresse pubescentibus v. puberulis ; folia elliptica, ad elliptico lanceolata, petiolo 3 lin. longo gracili ferrugineo-pubescenti sufful- ta basi obtusa zequalia v. subzequalia, obtuse et seepius longissime acuminata, integra, submembranacea, supra glabra v. secus nervos impressas minute tomentella, subtus secus costam adpresse pubescentia ; racemi sublanuginoso- tomentosi, bini v. terni supra foliorum delapsorum cicatricibus v. irregu- lariter e ramis orientes ; pedicelli brevissimi, semilineam longi ; calycis tu- bus brevis, urceolatus, fulvo-tomentosus ; ovarium dense fulvo-hirsutum ; stylus longe exsertus stigmate lato. P. Lampongo, Miq., proximum.—Ten- nasserim. 59. Prirus KARENSIvM, Nov. sp. Arbuscula 25—30 pedalis, glabra ; folia oblonga ad ovato-oblonga, basi inzqualia, petiolo c. pollicari glaberrimo, acuminata, 4—5 poll. longa, subcoriacea, apicem versus crenato-dentata, glabra ; flores... ; poma cerasi majoris magnitudine, globosa, us P. Pashie subconformia et leucosticta, maturescentia purpureo-atra, pedicellis brevissimis crassis suffulta, in pani- culam depauperatam robustam glabram terminalem v. in axillis foliorum superiorum lateralem disposita.—Martaban. 60. ERtoBoTRYA ? MACROCARPA, nov. sp. Arbor 830—40 pedalis, glabra; folia obovato- ad oblongo-lanceolata, basi in petiolum $—% poll. longum crassum attenuata, breve et obtuse acuminata, integerrima, 5—6 poll. longa, coriacea, lzvissima et lucida ; flores... ; pedun- culi fructigeri crassissimi et simplices, 1—2 poll. longi, glabri, ex axillis foliorum superiorum orientes v. in ramulis crassis terminales ; fructus magis minusve globosi, cerasi majoris magnitudine, glabri, calycis limbo coronati. —Pequ. COMBRETACEAL. 61. COMBRETUM TETRAGONOCARPUM, nov. sp. Frutex scandens glaber ; folia petiolo crasso lin. longo suffulta, oblonga ad elliptico-oblonga, obtusa v. subretusa, chartacea, utrinque conspicue nervosa et reticulata, glabra, 3—5 poll. longa ; spice robuste, fulvo-villo- see, solitariz, foliis breviores v. equilongze, axillares v. in paniculas termi- nales brachiatas depauperatas disposite ; flores parvi, albidi, bracteola parva subulata villosa sustenti ; calyx cupulari-nfundibuliformis cum tubo ovali brevi ferrugineo-villosulus ; limbus intus dense villosus, extus pubescens et lepidotus, 4-dentatus, dentibus brevibus acutis ; petala minuta ; fructus pollicem longi v. longiores, glabri, pallide brunnei, elliptico-ovati, 4-angu- lati, angulis crassis coriaceis et sub-alato-prominentibus, nucis diametro multo angustioribus.—Pegu. 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. 307 MELASTOMACE Zi. 62. MEMECYLON ELEGANS, nov. sp. Frutex glaberrimus ramulis sub 4-alatis v. lineis 4 decurrentibus magis minusve obsolete elevatis notatis ; folia oblonga ad ovato-oblonga, basi in petiolum 2—3 lin. longum attenuata, obtusa v. subretusa, 3—4 poll. longa, - coriacea, nervis lateralibus teneris in statu juvenili tantum visibilibus, gla- bra ; flores azurei, pedicellis 2—3 lin. longis suffulti, cymam umbelliformem simplicem vel trichotomam pedunculo $—# poll. longo acute tetragono suffultam efformantes, et bine v. solitariz ex foliorum axillis v. supra folio- rum delapsorum cicatricibus orientes ; ramificationes brevissimz yv. sub- reductze ; calyx levis, 13 lin. fere in diametro, parte adnata hemispherica parva, limbus latus et explanatus, undulatus et obsolete lobatus, intus radia- to-plicatus, plicis subnerviformibus ; petala, baccze &c. desiderantur.—Anda- Mans. 63. MEMECYLON PULCHRUM, nov. sp. Frutex glaberrimus ramulis sub-teretibus ; folia larga, sessilia, lato ovato-oblonga, basi rotundata v. subcordata, obtusa v. paulo obtuse pro- ducta et subretusa, 5—6 poll. longa, crasse coriacea, nervis venisve haud visibilibus, glabra, supra lucida ; flores azurei, pedicellis $—25 lin. longis teretibus, depauperato-umbellulati, cymam ampliusculam pedunculo coms presso 4-gono $—I1 poll. longo suffultam formantes, vulgo ternz v. 4-nze supra foliorum delapsorum cicatricibus orientes ; bracte distinct, ovato- lanceolate, acute ; calyx campanulatus, c. 1 lin. in diametro, levis, lim- bus truncatus, intus radiato-plicatus ; petala, bacce etc. desunt.— Andamans. LYTHRARIEZ. 64. LAGERSTR@MIA HyPoLEUCA, Kurzin And. Rep. 1868, Append. (5 WBE Arbor vasta 60—70 pedalis glaberrima ; folia lanceolata ad ovato-lan- ceolata, basi in petiolum brevem decurrentia, acuminata, integra v. undulata, chartacea, 6—S8 poll. longa, subtus albido-glauca ; flores mediocres, 1—14 poll. in diametro, lilacini, pedicellis articulatis albido-puberis instructi, soli- tarli v. in cymas depauperatas breve pedunculatas minute canescenti-pube- ras collecti et paniculam elongatam terminalem formantes ; calyx in alabas- tro turbinatus, pubescentia subvelutina minuta albescens, sulcato 10-cos- tatus, costis alternantibus in 5 lobos triangulares minute mucronatos excur- rentibus ; petala oblonga, undulata, 3 poll. longa ; capsula oblonga, mucro- nata, ligne, ec. poll. longa.— Andamans. 65. LAGERSTR@MIA CALYCULATA, nov. sp. Arbor vasta, 60—70 pedalis, novellis tomentosis ; folia oblonga, acu- minata, basi inzequali rotundata et in petiolum brevem subdecurrentia, 308 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, 5—7 poll. longa, subcoriacea, supra glabra et minute reticulata, subtus puberula et inter nervos prominentes crasse reticulata ; flores... ; panicule ferrugineo— v. fulvo-tomentos, terminales, e racemis longioribus y. brevior- ibus composite ; calyx fructigerus cupulari-campanulatus, capsulam arcte amplectens, 2—23 lin. altus, teres, absque costis v. sulcis dense ferrugineo- tomentosus, pedicello brevissimo crasso instructus, 6-lobatus, lobis breyvibus triangularibus reflexis planis acutis ; capsula oblonga, mucronulata, lucida, pro 3—% parte e calyce protrusa, 6-locularis et -valvis, 3—4 lin. longa. —LMartaban. SAMYDACEHZ. 66. HOMALIUM MINUTIFLORUM, nov. sp. Arbor glabra ; folia oblonga, petiolo 83—4 lin. longo crasso, obtuse apiculata, 8—5 poll. longa, grosse crenata, tenuiter coriacea, glabra ; flores minuti, 3 lin. cire. in diametro, pedicellis brevibus filiformibus glabris in- structi, fasciculati, racemos solitarios v. binos axillares simplices v. parce ramosos glabros formantes ; calyx glaber, segmentis oblongo-limearibus villoso-ciliatis ; filamenta gracillima, singula petalis opposita.—artaban ? CUCURBITACEZ. 67, 'TRICHOSANTHES MACROSIPHON, nov. sp. Herba volubilis parce et minute puberula; folia cordato-ovata, petiolo 13—2 pollicari puberulo, 6—8 poll. longa, basi sinuato-cordata, obsolete remote repando-dentata, seepius in lobos 2 laterales acuminatos producta, acuminatissima, herbacea, glabra, subtus sparse et minute puberula ; flores masculi desunt ; feminei solitarii, axillares, pedicello puberulo brevi in- structi ; calyx puberulus, supra ovario in tubum 1% poll. longum gracilem attenuatus, dentes lineari-subulati, puberuli ; petala fimbriata.— Zenasserim. BEGONTACH A. 68. BEGONIA FLACCIDISSIMA, Nov. sp. Herbula flaccidissima tenera caulescens, 4—5 pollicaris, minute et spar- se pubescens ; folia alterna, cordato-orbicularia, obtusa, petiolo 2—3 poll. longo gracili sparse pubescente, c. 2 poll. longa et lata, grosse crenato-den- tata et sublobata, tenerrime membranacea et flaccida, utrinque pilis minutis teneris adspersa; stipule oblonge, hyaline, obtuse, c. 2 lin. longe ; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis capillaribus instructi, cymas dichotomo-ramosas sparse et minute pubescentes pedunculo petioli dimidio longitudine axillari gracili suffultas formantes ; bracteze minut, lineares ; sepala in maribus 2, rotundato-ovata, c. 25 lin. longa ; petala nulla ; perianthu lobi fl. femin. 4, sepalis subconformia ; stamina numerosa, subobovata, filamenta usque ad medium fere in columnam brevem gracilem connata ; styli 2, a basi liberi, apice in laminam concavam semilunatam stigmatifero-marginatam dilatati ; © 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. 309 ovarium sparse et crispato-pilosum, 2-loculare, ovatum, acuminatum ; cap- sulze....—Zenasservm. UMBELLIFERA. 69. PIMPINELLA PARISHIANA, nov. sp. Herba humilis 1—2 pedalis pilis brevibus adspersa ; folia ternatisecta, petiolo basi vaginante, foliola cordato-ovata, magis minusve 3- lobata, acu- minata, grosse duplicato-serrata, 83—3 3 poll. longa, pilis brevibus albis adspersa, foliola lateralia petiolulo subpollicari, medianum petiolulo sub 2— pollicari suffulta, folia superiora sensim minora, integra et supra petiolum vaginantem sessilia ; flores albi, pedicellis 2 lin. longis strictis puberulis inserti, involucellato umbellulati, umbellam imvolucratam compositam formantes ; involueri et involucelli foliola linearia, longa, et sepius apicem versus in dentes 2 laterales producta ; fructus....—Zenasserim. 70. HERACLEUM BARMANICUM, nov. sp. Herba robusta annua 4—6 pedalis, caulibus hirsutis ; folia caulina superiora ternatipinnata, foliola lateralia ovato-lanceolata, sessilia, grosse serrata et sepe in lobum lateralem producta, foliolo terminali petiolato decurrenti 3-lobo serrato-lobato ; involucri foliola linearia, brevia ; meri- carpia 3 lin. circiter longa, elliptico-oblonga, lato-marginata.— Pegu. LORANTHACEH A. 71. LoRanrHUs HYPOGLAUCUS, nov. sp. Frutex parasiticus glaberrimus ; folia opposita v. subopposita, lanceolata ad elliptico-lanceolata, in petiolum brevem attenuata, magis minusve acu- minata, integra, 25—38 poll. longa, coriacea, nervis lateralibus vix conspicuis, glabra, subtus glauca; flores .3—14 poll. longi glabri, pulcherrime coccinei, pedicellis 2 lin. longis instructi, geminatim vy. ternatim pedunculis brevibus glabris suffulti et fasciculos 2 v. plures axillares formantes ; bractea et brac- teole 2 parve, triangulari-ovate, basi unite; calyx glaber, cylindricus, limbo integro truncato ; corolla glabra, tubo curvulo et leviter ampliato, limbo profunde 6-fido, lobis linearibus reflexis; stamina 6 ; anthere linea- res ; filamenta stylusque gracillimus, filiformis, glabri; bacce....—Wartaban. 72. GINALLOA ANDAMANICA, nov. sp. Frutex parasiticus glaberrimus ramis dichotomo-ramosis ; folia oppo- sita, obovalia ad ovali-oblonga, basi subobliqua in petiolum brevissimum crassum planum contracta, apice rotundata, integra, subundulata, crasse co- rlacea, nervis 8—5 in sicco vix conspicuis, 1}—2 poll. longa, glabra ; flores minuti, dioici ? sessiles, terni v. quaterni (v. plures ?) separatim in rhachidis crasse geniculis dilatatis quasi involucrantibus immersi; spicee 1—4 polli- cares, robusti, glabri, e furcationibus ramorum orientes, v. terminales ; calycis limbus obsoletus v. nullus ? ; petala 3, minuta, 3-angularia, conniventia P ; 310 S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. [No. 4, stigma ohsolete conicum, parvum ; bacce immature elongato-ovate, le- ves, truncate v. petalis diutius persistentibus coronate.—Andamans. RUBIACEZL. 73. WENDLANDIA GLOMERULATA, nov. sp. Arbor v. frutex ? novellis indistincte puberulis ; stipule foliacez, vor- datz ; folia lineari-lanceolata ad lanceolata, in petiolum brevissimum 1—3 lin. longum puberulum attenuata, longe acuminata, 3—4 poll. longa, in- tegra, membranacea, glabra, subtus secus costam minute adpresse pubes- centia ; flores...sessiles, in fasciculos breve pedunculatos congregati et pani- culam terminalem parce pubescentem brachiatam formantes ; calyx fructi- ger adpresse pubescens, dentibus lineari-lanceolatis apparenter tubo lon- gioribus ; capsule globose, lineam vix longz, pubescentes.— Tenasserum. 74, WHENDLANDIA SCABRA, NOV. sp. Arbor scabro-pubescens ; stipul cordato-reniformes, semiamplexi- caules ; folia obovato-elliptica ad elliptica, basi acuta v. acuminata, petiolo 4—% longo brevi pubescente instructa, breve et obtuse acuminata, 3—4 poll. longa, integra, membranacea, utrinque scabro-puberula ; flores minuti, albi, sessiles, in spiculas congregati et paniculam amplam puberulam bra- chiatam terminalem formantes ; calyx adpressehispidus, semilineam vix longus, dentibus parvis, 3 angulari-acutis ; corolla glabra, 1—1} lin. longa, Jobis brevibus ; capsule globose, $ lin. in diametro, minute adpresse his- pidee.— Ava. 75. ARGOSTEMMA SONERILOIDES, nov. sp. Herba annua succulenta cauli simplici apice folioso plus minusve villo- sulo ; folia subverticillata, ovata ad subcordata, petiolo brevissimo crasso villoso, 1—23 poll. longa, acuta v. obtusiuscula, utrinque pilis brevibus albis adspersa et subtus secus nervos pubescentia ; flores parvi, pallide rosei v. albi, pedicello lineari villoso instructi, umbellam parvam villosam v. cymam umbellatam pedunculo 1—% pollicari villoso terminali sustentam formantes v. rarissime solitari v. subsolitarii ; bractee vulgo majuscule, 2—4-nae in- volucra specialia efformantes ; calyx villoso-pubescens, 3 lobus, lobis_ lato- triangularibus ; corolla subcampanulata, 3-loba, lobis lineam tantum longis ; anther oblong, obtusse.—Pegu ; Andamans. 76. SPIRADICLIS BIFIDA, nov. sp. Herba annua erecta parce ramosa 1—1% pedalis, caulibus puberulis ; folia obovato-lanceolata, basi cuneata et in petiolum 7—% pollicarem magis minusye pubescentem decurrentia, 2—5 poll. longa, breve acuminata, in- tegra membranacea, glabra v. subtus secus nervos puberula ; flores minuti, albi, sessiles, in spicas longiores v. breviores bifidas collecti et in paniculam plus minusve puberulam elongatam terminalem dispositi ; capsule globoso- 2- lobe, lin. circiter in diametro.— artaban. 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. Bills 77. OPHIORHIZA GRACILIS, nov. sp. Herba annua, erecta, simplex }—1 pedalis, glaberrima ; folia oblongo- lanceolata ad lanceolata, basi acuminata, petiolo gracili $—1 poll. longo, longe acuminata, 83—5 poll. longa, integra, membranacea, glaberrima, sub- tus pallida ; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis brevissimis instructi et sessiles, spi- cam secundam bifidam formantes et in cymam longe pedunculatam termi- nalem glaberrimam gracilem dispositi ; bractez et bracteole lineari-subu- late, parvee ; corolla glabra, tubo circa 3- lineari, lobis obtusis.—Zenasserim. 78. Hepgotts ANDAMANICA, nov. sp. Herba annua subsimplex v. ramosa erecta, $—1 pedalis, ramis minute puberulis ; stipulze latz, apice longifimbriate, puberule ; folia variabilia, ovata ad oblonga et obovata, basi acuta v. in petiolum 1—3 lin. longum puberulum attenuata, membranacea, 1—2 poll. longa, obtusa v. subobtusa, seeplus cum mucrone, integra v. undulata, subtus secus nervos minute pu- berula ; flores parvi, albi, subsessiles, glomerati ; capitula pedunculo longo, solitaria, v. vulgo in cymam laxam trichotomam puberulam disposita, axil- laria et terminalia ; calyx subglaber, lobis linearibus lineam fere longis et ealycis tubo longioribus ; capsule compresso-didymz, semiorbilucares, circ. 2 lin. in diametro, pilis adpressis minutis adsperse, carinis 4: nonnunquam subuliformibus notate et calycis lobis lanceolatis longis coronatz.—An- damans. 79. WHBERA GLOMERIFLORA, nOv. sp. Arbuseula 20—30 pedalis, glabra v. gemmis pubescentibus ; stipule caduecze ; folia obovato-lanceolata ad elliptico-lanceolata, basi acuminata, petiolo 2—4: lin. longo glabro, 8—4 poll. longa, acuta v. apiculata, integra, crasse membranacea, glabra, crassinervia ; flores subsessiles, in cymam ter- minalem subsessilem pubescentem conglomerati ; calyx pubescens ; corolla... ; bacez atree, globose v. ovoideze, pisi minoris magnitudine, leves, basi caly- cis limbi coronate, pedicello lineam circiter longo suffultee.—Pegu. 80. GARDENIA ERYTHROCLADA, nov. sp. Arbuscula rigida 15—25 pedalis, trunco ramisque lateritiis et spinis oppositis (ramulis reductis) armatis, novellis pubzscentibus ; stipule cadu- cissimz ; folia obovato- ad cuneato-obovata, basi seepius ineequali in petiolum 3—1 poll. longum pubescentem decurrentia, 4—6 poll. longa, obtusa, integra v. subintegra, membranacea, utrinque (preesertim subtus) pubescentia; flores viridiusculi, dimorphi, fertiles in individuis sdem v. separatis solitarii, sessiles vy. subsessiles, apicibus ramorum abbreviatorum crassorum terminantes, fl. her- maphrodito-steriles pedicellis longis gracilibus pubescentibus instructi, fasci- culos sessiles v. breviter pedunculatos terminales v. subaxillares formantes ; calyx pubescens, tubo in fl. fertilibus magis evoluto, lobis foliaceis, obovatis, 4—6 lin. longis ; corolla pubescens, tubo brevi amplo ; baccz florum fer- tilium sessiles, ovi anatis magnitudine, ovoidex, scabrescentes, brunnez ob- 312 S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. [No. 4, solete-costatz ; es fl. sterilium pedunculo 13—2 poll. longo stricto brunneo- pubescente suffultze, cerasi minoris magnitudine, magis minusve globose, calycis limbo magno foliaceo coronate.—Ava, Peqgu. &e. 81. GARDENIA DASYCARPA, Nov. sp. Arbuscula rigida spinis oppositis longis strictis armata, 12—15 pedalis, novellis villoso-pubescentibus ; stipulee deciduz ; folia obovato-oblonga, basi acuta v. acuminata, petiolo 1—2 lin. longo imstructa, 1—2 poll. longa, m- tegra, obtusa v. acuta, corlacea, supra retrorse puberula, subtus adpresse villoso-pubescentia ; flores...sessiles, solitarii e ramulorum crassorum verru- ciformium apicibus ; bacce globose, corticosee, pomini mayoris magnitudine, ealycis limbo tubulari coronate.—Prome, Tenasserim. 82. GARDENIA HYGROPHILA, nov. sp. Fruticulus 1—8 pedalis, ramis sepius diffusis, glaberrimus ; stipule connatze, glabra v. sparse hirsutze ; folia obovata ad obovato- et elliptico- oblonga, basi acuta, petiolo 23 lin. longo gracili, obtusa v. acuta, 2—22 poll. longa, integra, membranacea, supra lucida, glabra ; flores mediocres, albi, in sicco nigrescentia, subsessiles, solitarii ex apicibus ramulorum v. in eorum furcationibus ; calyx glaber v. parce adpresse pubescens, 4 lin. fere longus, limbo campanulato, 5-fido, lobis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis sparse ciliatis ; corolla lmeam circiter longa, subirregulari-campanulato-infundi- buliformis, lobis mzequalibus ec. $ poll, longis ; bacce...... .—Pegu, Siam. 83. GARDENIA PULCHERRIMA, Nov. sp. Arbor 80—85 pedalis, glabra ; stipulee lato-triangulares,libere v. sub- liberze ; folia lato- ad oblongo-lanceolata v. elliptico-oblonga, basi acuta, 5 poll. longa, breve acuminata, integra, petiolo crasso 83—4 lin. longo, 3 coriacea, glaberrima, subtus in nervorum axillis glandulosa ; flores magni et speciosi, pedicello 2—3 lin. longo bracteato tomentoso instructi, terni v. plures cymam breve pedunculatam fulvescente tomentosam in ramulorum furcationibus v. pseudo-axillarem formantes ; calyx c. 83—3} lin. longus, tomentosus, limbo amplo 5-dentato, dentibus ovatis acutis ; corolla glabra, alba, intus in fundo roseo-punctata, 14 poll. longa, v. paullo longior, supra tubo brevissimo ventricoso-efflata ; bacce globose, aurantil minoris magni- tudine, corticose et scabre, brunnez, calycis limbo coronatse—Andamans. 84. ACRANTHERA UNIFLORA, Nov. sp. Herba perennis 4:—6 poll. alta v. altior, parce pubescens ; folia ovalia ad ovali-lanceolata, basin obtusam v. rotundatam versus attenuata, petiolo gracili pubescente suffulta v. superiora subsessilia, 1—1% poll. longa, mem- branacea, obtusiuscula v. acuta, integra, supra parce adpresse hirsuta, sub- tus secus nervos sparse pubescentia ; flores majusculi, albi, solitarii, sessiles v. subsessiles, terminales ; calyx fulvo-adpresse-hirsutus, tubo 2 lin. fere longo, lobis linearibus, 2—23 lin. longis ; corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo pollicem fere longo, adpresse pubescente, lobis dimidio longis elliptico-ovatis 1872.] S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. 313 acutis ; stylus profunde bifidus ; bacce ellipticse, pisi magnitudine, hirsu- tissime, calycis lobis_linearibus terminatze.— Tenasserim. 85. UROPHYLLUM BILOCULARE, nov. sp. Arbor 25—30 pedalis, glabra ; stipule e basi lata subulato-acuminatz. parce adpresse pubescentes ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad lato-lanceolata, basi acuminata, petiolo 1—2 lin. longo suffulta, obtuse acuminata, 4—5 poll. longa, integra, chartacea, glabra; flores minuti, sessiles, in fasciculos parvos axillares collecti ; calyx Gn alabastro) truncatus, minute puberulus ; baccze clobose, aurantiace, pisi minoris magnitudine, obsolete bilobze, calycis limbo brevi coronate, 2-loculares ; semina in loculo singulo 3—4, nigra, majuscula, placentz centrali medio affixa.—Martaban. 86. MorinDA LEIANTHA, nov. sp. Arbuscula ? scabrido-pubescens ; stipule ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, scabre ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad lanceolata, basi acuta v. acuminata, petio- lo seabro 1—1} poll. longo suffulta, 5—S& poll. longa, acuminata, integra v. subintegra, chartacea, utrimque presertim subtus scabrido et parce pubes- centia ; flores albi, majusculi, sessiles, in capitula parva oblonga pedunculata solitaria v. pluria ex axillis foliorum superiorum orientia v. terminalia con- glomerati ; calyx truncatus ; corolla hypocraterimorpha, glabra, fauce gla- bra, tubo gracili # poll. eirciter longo, lobis ovato-lanceolatis ; bacce....... — Tenasserim. 87. MoRINDA WALLICHII, nov. sp. Arbuscula ? , glaberrima ; stipule... ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad ob- longo-linearia, utrinque acuminata, petiolo }—14 poll. longo, 83—5 poll. lon- ga, integra, crasse membranacea, glabra, subtus pallida ; flores parviusculi, albi, terni v. quaterni in capitula parva cymam terminalem glabram stricte pedunculatam formantia collecti ; calyx truncatus ; corolla glabra, tubo (in alabastro) ¢ poll. longo, lobis zquilongis, oblongo-linearibus obtusiusculis. — Tenasserim. 88. PsILoBIUM CAPILLARE, nov. sp. Arbuscula 20—25 pedalis, glaberrima, lucida ; stipule acuminate, ri- gid ; foha variabilia, us Pavette parviflore similia, lanceolata ad oblongo- lanceolata et elliptico-oblonga, basi acuta, petiolo brevissimo 1—8 lin. longo suffulta v. subsessilia, magis minusve acuminata v. subobtusa, 8—5 poll. longa, integra v. undulata, rigide sed tenui coriacea, utrinque levia et luci- da ; flores parvi, albidi, sessiles v. subsessiles, pauci v. numerosi in capi- tulum parvum basi bracteis paucis lineari-subulatis rigidis involucratum pedunculatum congregati; pedunculi axillares v. supra-axillares, solitarii, stricti, graciles v. capillares, 1—2 poll. longi, sursum sensim incrassati ; calyx lineam circiter in diametro, cupularis, 4-dentatus, dentibus triangu- laribus ciliolatis ; corolla brevis, hypocraterimorpha, fauce dense villosa, tubo 13 lin. circiter longo ; bacce.......—Pegu ; Martaban ; Tenasserim. 39 314 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, 89. VANGUERIA PUBESCENS, nov. sp. Arbuscula decidua, 20—25 pedalis, pubescens, spinis oppositis rectis ar- mata ; stipule subulatz, pubescentes ; folia ovata ad elliptico-lanceolata, basi acuta v. cuneata, petiolo 2—3 lin. longo pubescente, breviter acuminata v. acuta, 2—3 poll. longa, integra, membranacea, supera breve et scabrido- subtus molli-pubescentia ; flores parvi, viridiusculi, pedicellis 2—3 lin. longis pubescentibus, in cymulas v. fasciculos e ramulis reductis verruciformibus v. ex foliorum axillis ortos dispositi ; calyx pubescens, lobis linearibus ; co- rolla pubescens ; stigma capitatum ; bacce cerasi minoris magnitudine, 2—s poll. crassz, leves, lutescentes, pyrenas 5—4 osseas monospermas con- tinentes.—Barma. 90. CANTHIUM GRACILIPES, nov. sp. Frutex inermis, ramulis parce pubescentibus ; stipule ovate, subu- lato-acuminatze, adpresse fulvo-pubescentes ; folia ovato-oblonga ad oblongo- lanceolata, basi acuta v. obtusa, petiolo tenui 1—2 lin. longe pubescente suffulta, 2—4 poll. longa, integra, acuminata, membranacea, nervis fulvo et tenui pubescentibus exceptis glabra ; flores parvi, pedicellis 3—#? poll. longis capillaribus sparse adpresse pubescentibus instructi, solitarii v. gemini, e ramulis abbreviatis lateralibus orientes ; calyx glaber, hemispheericus, $ lin. longus, dentibus 8-angularibus ; corolla... ; drupze didymo-reniformes, apice sinuatz, compressiuscule, leves, pyrenas 2, (v. abortu 1) obsolete rugoso- tuberculatas dorso rotundatas includentes.—Andamans. 91. GYNOCHTHODES MACROPHYLLA, nov. sp. Frutex scandens, glaber, partibus omnibus in sicco nigrescentibus ; stipule geminatze et breves, truncate; folia elliptica ad elliptico-oblonga, basi acuta, petiolo semipollicari sustenta, magis minusve obtusiuscule apicu- lata, 3—5 poll. longa, integra, pergamacea, glabra, subtus in axillis nervorum fimbriato-glandulosa ; flores parvi, pedicello crasso 2—8 lin. longo sustenti, 4—5-ni in pedunculo verruciformi breve bracteato fasciculati ; calyx lineam circiter longus, glaber, tubo subgloboso, limbus truncatus, cyathiformis, tubi longitudinis ; corolla &c. ignota.—Andamans. 92. PsycHorriA HELFERIANA, nov. sp. Frutex fulvo- v. brunneo-hirsutus ; stipule lanceolate, acuminate, fere ad basin bifide, dense adpresse ferrugineo-hirsutee ; folia lanceolata, utrinque ac- cuminata, petiolo adpresse brunneo-hirsuto 3—1 pollicari sustenta, 83—4¢ poll. longa, integra, membranacea, utrinque breve-hirsuta ; flores minuti, vire- scenti albidi, sessiles, in capitulas densas breve pedunculatas congregati et cy- mam compactiusculam yv. laxam trichotomam ferrugineo-hirsutam termi- nalem (et axillarem ?) formantes ; calyx brunneo-hirsutus, lmeam circiter longus, dentibus lanceolatis ; corolla glabra, fauce barbata, tubus lineam fere longus, lobi tubi longitudinis ; baccz ovales, calycis limbo hirsuto coronatze 1872. ] S. Kurz—WNew Barmese Plants. 315 pisi magnitudine, sparse hirsute, aurantiace ; pyrenz carinato-triangulares ; albumen equum.—TZenasserim or Andamans. (?) 93. PsyCHOTRIA MONTICOLA, nov. sp. Frutex humilis 1—3 pedalis glaber ; stipule bifide, lanceolate v. a basi lata acuminate, deciduee ; folia lanceolata ad oblongo-lanceolata, utrinque acu- minata, petiolo 3—1 pollicari, 4—6 poll. longa, integra, crasse membranacea, glabra, paullulo glaucescentia ; flores parvi, albi, sessiles, in capitula 3 breve pedunculata v. subsessilia bracteata dense congregati et cymam depaupe- ratam pedunculo crasso szpius villosulo 4—1} pollicari suffultam termi- nalem v. e ramulorum furcationibus orientem formantes ; calyx lineam circiter longus, glaber v. obsolete pubescenti-ciliatus, 5-fidus, lobis lanceolatis subu- lato-acuminatis ; corolla glabra, fauce villosa, tubus lineam circiter longus, lobi tubi longitudinis ; baccze oblong, pisi magnitudine, rubra, lucide, calycis limbo coronate ; pyrene longitudinaliter sulcatee et costate (costis 3—4) ; albumen spurie ruminatum.—Jartaban, Tenasserim. 94. PSYCHOTRIA VIRIDISSIMA, nov. sp. Fruticulus 1}—2 pedalis glaberrimus ; stipulz verosimiliter lato- et bre- ve triangulares, valde deciduee ; folia ovato-oblonga ad elliptico-lanceolata, basi cuneat& in petiolum subgracilem 3—14 poll. longum decurrentia, magis minusve acuminata, 4—7 poll. longa, integra, tenere membanacea et flaccida, glabra, viridia ; flores parvi, albidi, pedicello crasso ¢. lin. longo suffulti cymam corymbiformem trichotomam breve (—1 poll.) peduncu- latam glaberrimam terminalem formantes ; calyx glaber, brevissimus, obso- lete dentatus ; corolla fauce barbata, tubo amplo infundibuliformi lin. longo v. paullo longiore, lobis paullo brevioribus ; bacce....—Martaban, Tenasserim. 95. PsYCHOTRIA CALOCARPA, nov. sp. Suffrutex 1—1} pedalis subherbaceus, rhizomate repente, ramulis junt- oribus magis minusve crispulo-puberulis ; stipule bifide, e basi latiori subu- lato-acuminateze et seepius apicibus brunnescenti-pubescentes ; folia oblonga et ovata ad ovato-oblonga, basi acuta, petiolo crasso crispo-tomentosulo suffulta, acuta ad acuminata, 3—7 poll. longa, integra, pergamacea, glabra v. vulgo subtus secus nervos indistincte puberula ; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis brevissimis crassis, cymam breve (-% poll.) pedunculatam contractiusculam erectam v. nonnunquam nutantem tomentellam terminalem v. spurie axil- larem efformantes ; calyx lineam fere longus, 4-fidus, lobis lanceolatis ob- tusis viridibus ; corolla intus albo-villosa, tubus calycis segmentorum longi- tudine, limbi lobi breves, oblongi, obtusiusculi ; baccze calycis lobis con- spicuis coronatze, elliptice, pisi magnitudine, lucidz, coccine ; semima mem- brana alba tenui tantum induta, plano-convexa, lavia ; albumen zequum. —Peqgu, Martaban, Tenasserin. 96. Txora (PAVETTA) COMPACTIFLORA, Nov. sp. Frutex P glaber ; stipule breve ovate, acutie ; folia elliptica ad lato- 316 S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. [No. 4, lanceolata, basi cuneata in petiolum $—+3 pollicarem crassum attenuata, longiuscule acuminata, 8—5 poll. longa, integra, subpergamacea, glaberrima, in sicco nigrescentia ; flores parvi, sessiles vy. subsessiles, capitulum densum circiter pollicem crassum involucratam terminalem v. spurie lateralem for- mantes ; involucri bracteze parvee et iconspicue, lato-ovate, imbricate ; calyx lineam circiter longus, glaber, dentibus oblongis obtusis semilinealibus; corolla glabra, tubo 3 lin. tantum longo, ampliuscula, lobi oblongi, obtusi, tubi longitudinis ; baccee.—Tenasserim. 97. Ixora (Penrapium) HELFERI, nov. sp. Frutex ? glaber; stipule lato-ovate, acuminate, glabre ; folia oblon- go-lanceolata, utrinque acuminata, petiolo 83—4 lin. longo, integra, 5—8 poll. longa, tenui membranacea, in sicco nigrescentia ; flores majusculi, pedicello crasso puberulo usque ad lineam longo sustenti, cymulosi et pani- culam thyrsoideam brachiatam longe pedunculatam sparse puberulam effor- mantes ; bracteole lineari-subulate unacum bracteis glabre ; calyx 15 ln. fere longus, minute puberulus, dentibus 5 lanceolatis acutis calycis tubi lon- gitudine ; corolla (Gn alabastro) extus minute fulvo-pubescens, lobi duplo breviores ; bacce....—Tenasserin. 98. IXxoORA SESSILIFLORA, nov. sp. Frutex magnus ramosus glaberrimus ; stipule e basi lata rotundata abrupte acuminate ; folia oblonga ad oblongo-lanceolata, basi rotundata, petiolo crasso 2—3 lin. longo suffulta, breve acuminata, 8—4 poll. longa, integra, tenui coriacea, glabra ; flores Gmprimis tubus) pallide rosei, par- viusculi, sessiles, corymbum parviusculum trichotomum glabrum efficientes ; pedunculus semipollicaris ; calyx lin. longus, glaber, dentibus brevissimis ; corolla glabra, tubo gracili fere % pollicari, lobi ovato-oblongi, acutiusculi ; stigma breviter exertum ; bacce....—MMartaban. 99. IxoRA MEMECYLIFOLIA, nov. sp. Frutex glaber ; stipule e basi lata abrupte et longe subulate ; folia ovata v. ovato-oblonga, subsessilia, basi rotundata v. subcordata, 23-—4 poll. longa, acuminata, integra, tenui-coriacea, glabra, in sicco nigrescentia v. fus- cescentia ; flores parvi, albi ? v. pallide rosei ?, sessiles, corymbum longius v. brevius pedunculatum trichotomum glabrum terminalem vulgo ad basin diminute bifoholatum formantes ; bracteze parvee, lmeares ; calyx glaber, lineam circiter longus, dentibus fere calycis tubi longitudine lanceolatis ; cor- olla glabra, tubo cire. 4 lin. longo, lobi dimidio fere breviores ; stylus longe- exsertus, apice bilobus ; bacce....—Tenasserim. 100. Ixora BRaNDISIANA, nov. sp. Frutex glaber; stipule e basi lata subulato-acuminatie ; folia oblongo- ovata ad oblonga, petiolo brevissimo crasso suffulta v. subsessilia, basi rotun- data, 4—6 poll. longa, acuminata, integra, tenui-coriacea, glabra, in sicco nigrescentia ; flores longissimi, albi?, brevissime pedicellati, cymam par- 1872.] S. Kurz—New Barmese Plants. 317 vam trichotomam minute puberulam brevissime pedunculatam terminalem formantes ; bractez parvee, lanceolate, acuminate, superiores angustiores et minores ; calyx lineam longus, glaber, lobis lanceolatis acutis, calycis tubi longitudine ; corolla glabra, fauce villosa, tubo gracillimo 14—2 pollicari, lobi lneari-oblongi, acuti, 3—3} lin. longi ; stylus exsertus lobis stigmaticis brevissimis ; baccz....—Zenasserim. 101. IxoRA BRUNNESCENS, nov. sp. Arbuscula 20—25 pedalis glabra; stipule e basi lata abrupte subu- lato-acuminate ; folia magis minusve obovata, basi rotundata v. obtusa, cras- se et brevissime (-1 lin.) petiolata v. subsessilia, 4—6 poll. longa, obtusa v. obtusiuscule apiculata, integra v. undulata, coriacea, glabra, nervis laterali- bus approximatis et subparallelis; flores...graciliter pedicellati, cymulosi, corymbum brachiatum trichotomum breve (1—13 poll.) pedunculatum glabrum terminalem formantes ; calyx parvus, glaber, dentibus minutis triangulari-acutis ; corolla... ; baccz globose, calycis limbo coronate, pisi minoris magnitudine, leves.—Andamans. 102. IJxoRrs ROSELLA, nov. sp. Frutex glaber ; stipule ovate, acuminate ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad elliptico-oblonga, basi acuminata, petiolo crasso 4—1 poll. longo suffulta, bre- ve et subabrupte acuminata, 6—9 poll. longa, integra, coriacea, glabra, subtus pallida ; nervis lateralibus tenuibus, satis approximatis et leviter curvato- parallelis ; flores minores, pallide rosei, pedicellis 1—3 lin. longis suffulti, eymulosi, in corymbum subsessilem brachiato-trichotomum minute puberum terminalem dispositi ; calyx 3 lin. longus, minute puberus dentibus minutis lato-triangularibus acutis et obtusis ; corolla glabra, tubo pollicem circiter lon- ga, lobi oblongi, obtusi, quadruplo breviores ; stylus breviter exsertus lobis stigmaticis crassis vix separatis; baccz globosv, pisi minimi magnitudine, ealycis limbo coronatze, leeves.— Andamans. COMPOSITAE. 1038. LruUcOMERIS DECORA, nov. sp. Arbuseula 12—15-pedalis, decidua, novellis albido-villosis ; folia ellip- tico- ad oblongo-lanceolata, basi ineequali acuta, petiolo 3—1 poll. longo gla- bro suffulta, 5—7 poll. longa, membranacea, acuminata, glabra v. subglabra ; eapitula brevi squamato-pedunculata in ramorum apicibus dense aggregatia ; involucrum elongato-cyathiforme, in pedunculum imbricato-sqamatum, 3—4: lin. longum attenuatum ; squame lanceolate, deorsum sensim minores, ri- eidee, tenui-arachnoidee, virides ; flosculi fragrantes, albi, pollicem fere lon- gi ; pappus pallide fulvescens, semipollicaris ; achenia semipollicaria, suleata, dense adpresse villoso-sericea.—Prome. 318 EF. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 4, 104. AINSLIZA BRANDISIANA, nov. sp. Herba perennis, erecta, 1—3-pedalis parce villosa ; folia rosulata, cor- dato-oblonga ad cordato-elliptica, petiolo $—2 poll. longo, stupposo-villoso cerasso suffulta, 2—4 poll. longa, acuta v. obtusiuscula, marginibus integris dense villosis, crasse membranacea, preesertim subtus plus minusve hirsuta, supra seepius glabrescentia ; capitula in scapo radicali paniculata, pedunculis 2——l-pollicaribus glanduloso-puberis suffulta ; bracteze minutee, subulatze, subrigidze ; involucri squamee lineari-lanceolate, acutee, rigide, 4-lin. longee, inferiores duplo vy. triplo breviores, leeves, virides, albido-marginatze ; flosculi albi, 3 poll. fere longi ; achenia 2—38 lin. longa, adpresse pubescentia ; pap- pus flavidus, c. 4 lin. longus.—JMartaban. 105. 'TRICHOLEPIS KARENSIUM, nov. sp. Herba annua, robusta, ramosa, 2—3 pedalis, parce pubescens ; folia eaulina linearia ad lneari lanceolata, 235—3 poll. longa, basi in petiolum bre- vissimum attenuata, acuminata v. acuta, remote setaceo-denticulata, mem- branacea, parce arachnoideo-pubescentia, supra glabrescentia ; capitula mag- na, 2 poll. fere in diametro, terminalia, solitaria, sessilia ; involucri squamee numerosissime, densissimee imbricatee, subulatee, 1—1} poll. longee, albido- pilosze ; floseuli purpurei ? achenia 3—4 lin. longa, leevia ; pappus meequalis achenio duplo circiter longior, flavescens, pilosus.—Martaban. Monocraru oF Inpran Cyprinipm, (Part VI),—by Surgeon Major Francis Day. Since the commencement of this Memoir on the carps of India, in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, (vol. XL, Pt. II, 1871) several new or little known species have been personally collected, or received through the kindness of friends. All of these require to be fully described, (except Labeo boggut, Sykes, and Cirrhina dero, Ham. Buch., see ante J. A. 8. B. 1872, pp. 259 and 960) ; likewise a few corrections have to be noted. DIscOGNATHUS LAMA. 3—2 In Journ. A. S. B. for 1871, Pt. II, p. 110, for D. %, V. 10, read D. 3-9, V.9, Vert. 18/14. A very interesting variety of this species has been kindly collected for me by Dr. Waagen from the Nilwan ravine near the Shapur salt ranges. The depression across the snout is very deep, and the dorsal fin is concave along its upper margin and higher than the body. 1872.] F. Day—Wonograph of Indian Cyprinide. 319 Genus. OREINUS. , Capéeta micracanthus, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 81. Four specimens of this fish “ stuffed from 18 to 23 inches long. Puna- ka. From the collection of the East India Company,” exist in the British Museum, and are now correctly labelled Oreinus, to which genus they belong. LABEO RICNORHYNCHUS. 1, c. p. 128, erase “? Cyprinus musiha, H. B. pp. 333, 392.” ‘LABEO NUKTA. Cyprinus nukta, Sykes, Trans. Z. §. ii, p. 825. of auratus, Sykes, l. ¢ Carassius auratus, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 32 (not syn.). ED 2 / ONE Lo IN SACO) CoO 3 Sy lAbur. 8/9) Length of head nearly 1/5, of caudal 2/9, height of body 2/7 of the total length. Eyes, diameter 1/6 of length of head, 23 diameters from the end of the snout, and slightly nearer the posterior margin of the opercle than to the end of the snout. Head compressed, snout projecting over the mouth and having a deep groove passing from one orbit to the opposite one, thus occasioning the appearance as if there were a blunt compressed knob, between and before the orbits. Mouth transverse. The lips with a distinct inner hold at the angle of the mouth and extending across the outer third of the lower jaw, from which the tip is reflected and rough, but neither are fringed. Some large pores on the snout, forehead and in the rostral groove. Barbels, a fine maxillary pair. ims, dorsal without any osseus ray, arising midway between the snout and the posterior extremity of the base of the anal fin, its anterior three rays are much elevated and higher than the body, the last besides being divided to its root, being also somewhat prolonged, so the upper margin of the fin is concave. Ventrals arise under the middle of the dorsal and scarcely reach the anal. Pectoral as long as the head. Caudal deeply forked. Lateral line complete to the centre of the base of the caudal, but very badly marked, 45 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin. Colours silvery with some red marks on some of the scales. Hab.—Dakhin (Deccan) ; through the assistance of Colonel Evezard, I obtained two specimens from Puna, 10 and 12 inches respectively in length. Genus. CIRRHINA. CIRRHINA SINDENSIS. Brille DP; 3/10; P: 15, V. 8, A. 2/5, C19. I. 1. 43, LL. tr. 8/8: Length of head, of caudal fin, and height of body each 1/5 of the total length. Hyes, situated in the middle of the length of the head, 2 diameters 320 EF. Day—WMonograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 4, from the end of the snout. Interorbital space nearly flat. Snout rounded, covered with glands and having a deep groove extending across it from eye to eye. Mouth transverse, inferior. Mandibles sharp not enveloped in lip, and having a thin horny covering. Lips entire. Barbels, a pair of very short maxillary. Fins, dorsal commences midway between the end of the snout, and the posterior extremity of the base of the anal, its third undivided ray weak, fin rather higher than the body. Pectoral as long as the head with- out the snout, not reaching the ventrals, which last arise under the middle of the dorsal. Lateral line nearly straight, 65 rows. of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin. Colowrs silvery with a reddish tinge, the bases of the scales the darkest, fins red. Hab—Sind Hills, attaiming 8 inches in length. Although this fish is evidently a Currhina, as seen by the position of its ventral fins, still the horny covering to its lower jaw is remarkable. CIRRHINA BATA, H. B. Day, J. A. S. of Beng, 1871, p. 140. Cyprinus bata, H. Buch., is said to be “ found in the rivers and ponds of Bengal” (H. B.), its native name is given as bata. From the same loca- lities and called by the same name ‘bata’ I obtained numerous specimens of a fish agreeing in nearly every respect with H. B.’s description and a figure which still exists amongst his MS. drawings; the only exception being that the drawing gives 12 dorsal rays instead of 11, whilst the text states “the last of them beimg divided to the root,’ which division to the root is not shown in the last ray in the original drawing. To me (but I do not assert that I cannot be mistaken) it appears that the artist has sepa- rated the bases of the last two rays which should be shown as arising from one common root. Were this so in the drawing, the figure and the deserip- tion would agree with my specimens (see Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 636). Whilst seeing no reason for changing my views, I think it but fair to give Dr. Giinther’s opinion that “ Hamilton Buchanan’s fish has more than nine branched rays, (Zool. Record, 1870, p. 185). “ The words of Hamilton Buchanan that this fish has “twelve rays in the fin of the back’’...... “the first” and “second” bemg “undivided, the others are branched, the last of them being divided to the root” have always conveyed to my mind the idea that this fish was described as clearly as possible as a fish with 10 branched dorsal rays.” * * “ Finally to set the matter beyond further dispute also with regard to the C. bata, I give (p. 765) an exact tracing of Hamilton Buchanan’s MS. drawing of this fish, in which the ten separate branched dorsal rays are as clearly shown as could well be done.” (Proc. Zool. Soe. 1871, p. 764). 1872.] EF. Day—onograph of Indian Cyprinidae. 321 It may perhaps be regretted that an addition has been made to the original figure, by numbers 1—10 having been added above the branched rays. Number 10, it will be perceived in the drawing, is not divided to the root, consequently if 9 and 10 sprang from one common root, the fish would agree with the species I have described in its native name, its description, its figure and the locality it inhabits ; whereas such a fish with 10 branched rays, the last divided to its root, has not been collected, so far as I am aware. Still as the species is very largely domesticated, such a variety doubtless might easily occur. Finally I may observe that, although Dr. Giinther appears so decidedly of opinion that my fish with 11 dorsal rays cannot be H. B.’s C. bata, the following oceurs in the Catalogue of Fishes of the British Museum, vii, p- 35. “5. Cyprinus bata, Ham. Buch., p. 283 ;? = Cyprinus acra, Ham. Buch., p. 284; == Cyprinus cura, Ham. Buch., p. 284.” In Hamilton Buchanan’s work he gives the number of rays of the dorsal fins of these species thus. C. bata, D. 12, C. aera, D. 11, C. cura, D. 12, and the species C. aera, with D. 11, and C. cura, with D. 12, are set down as identical even by Dr. Gunther, whilst Hamilton Buchanan observes that the C. acra, “ has the utmost resemblance to the Bata,” and the C. cura is another fish nearly allied to the Bata. McClelland, Ind. Cyp. J. A. 8. of B. 1839, p. 356, observes “ Cyprinus acra, Buch., is also said to have the upper lobe of the caudal longer than the lower, but it has only eleven rays in the fin of the back ; now whether a species can be said to have eleven or twelve rays in the dorsal depends entirely on the degree to which the last ray is separated or divided, which in this group it always is, more or less; there can, there- fore, be little doubt the Cyprinus bata and Cyprinus acra are the same species.” Thus agreeing with McClelland who considered these fish identi- eal, and Dr. Gunther who supposed them to be so, I have taken Buchanan’s first specific name bata instead of his second acra, and which I see no reason for altering. CiRRHINA FULUNGEE. Chondrostoma fulumgee, ? Sykes, T. Z. S. ii, p. 358. Gymnostomus fulungee, *Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 76. Be LDF 2/8) Pyla-Ve 9, A. 2/5,C. 19, Til) 44, L.tr. 8/9. Length of head 1/6, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the total length. yes, diameter 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Dorsal and abdominal profiles equally convex. Snout overhangs the mouth, a few pores upon it. Lips smooth. Sarbels, a pair of short rostral, but no maxillary ones. Scales, 63 rows between the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin. Colow?s silvery, edges of scales darkest ; fins stained. Hab.—Pina, growing to 6 inches in length. 40 322 F. Day—AIonograph of Indian Cyprinide. [No. 4, Whether this is Sykes’ species is of course doubtful, as he has not (so far as I know) left any figure of it, but the resemblance, considering these specimens came from the Dakhin (Deccan), is sufficiently strong to avoid giving another name. Sykes states A. 6, but I conclude he may have counted the two first undivided ones as one. *CIRRHINA ROSTRATA. Crossochilus rostratus, Gunther, Catal. vii, p. 72, and Zool. Record, 1870, p. 135. Te IML 0 0, I, iy db 1 Bish, Is we, Sy/7/ The height of the body is somewhat more than the length of the head, which is one-fifth of the total without the caudal. Hyes, diameter 2/7 of length of head, and situated somewhat behind-its middle. Snout conical, long, and much protruding beyond the mouth. Barbels two, rostral, shorter than the eye. ns, origin of dorsal considerably in advance of that of the ventral, and midway between the end of the snout and the posterior end of the anal fin; pectoral a little longer than the head, terminating at a great distance from the ventrals. © Scales, 4: rows between lateral line and ventral fin. Colours, a black spot (composed of about four smaller spots) on the fifth and sixth scales of the lateral line. Hab.—Cossye river, from which a single specimen 4 inches long has been obtained. . Dr. Giinther (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 762) appears surprised at my not having perceived the difference between this species and C. data from his first description (Catal. vii, p. 72) ; his definition there of genus Crosso- chilus, p. 71, gives “ Barbels two or four : if two, the upper only are present.” C. bata having only two and those the lower or maxillary ones, seemed to show that some inaccuracy existed in the definition of the genus; whilst in the text of C. rostratus all that is said about these appendages, is—‘ Two barbels only, shorter than the eye,” without stating whether they are rostral or maxillary, otherwise the description agreed pretty fairly with C. bata which came from the same locality. Subsequently in the Zool. Record. 1. c. he states that C. rostratus “has a pair of upper barbels only, but no maxil- lary barbels,” thus clearmg up this point. I have stated this much because Dr. Giimther in the Pro. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 762 asks: “ Will Mr. Day point out where I have given this second description, or whether I have added one iota to my original description in 1868 P”* This date I conclude * As some time must elapse before my Stlwroids find a place in the Journal, I pro- prose offering a few remarks upon Pseudeutropius taakree, Sykes. Dr. Gunther in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871 inremarking on my having been mistaken in considering the skin of this fish, received from the Zool. Soc. as being one of Col. Sykes’ types of his paper, states, the registry does not give his name as a donor once, and of the Hast Indian Museum “ although I searched carefully that Museum (before and after the 1872.] FB. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 323 is only another inaccuracy, as Vol. vii of the Catalogue is dated November 1st, 1867, and contains the description I have adverted to. Genus. Scaputopon, Heckel. Capoéta, sp. Chondrostoma, sp. Cuv. and Val. Dillonia and Gymnostomus, sp. Heckel. Abdomen. rounded, snout rounded ; mouth transverse, inferior, having the mandibular edge nearly straight and sharp, the mandibles angularly bent in- wards. A horny layer inside the lower jaw, which last is not covered by lip. No lower labial fold. Barbels four, two, or absent. Pharyngeal teeth com- pressed, truncated, 5 or 4,3, 2/2,3,4 or 5. Dorsal fin of moderate extent (up to about ten branched rays), its last undivided ray being osseous and serrated, or else articulated ; anal rather short. Scales large, of moderate or small transfer of its fish collection to the British Museum) for types of Colonel Sykes’s paper I failed to discover them.” In the Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum, by Dr. Giinther, Vol. v, p. 46, is “a. b. eight and a half to nine and a half inches long. Dukhun. From Colonel Sykes’s collection, types of Schilbe pabo, Sykes.” Atp. 76, under Macrones cavasius is a specimen “ from the collection of Colonel Sykes” about the same size as his published figure. At page 187 under Glyptosternum lonah is “ a. Type of the species from the collection of Col. Sykes.” Thus in the Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum the possession of some of Sykes’ types is asserted, but where they came from I believe is not known; Col. Sykes’s name is not referred to, that I see, when the collections in H. I, Co. Museum are mentioned, though Cantor’s, Griffith’s and McClelland’s are. Still it seems that I was mistaken in considering this skin as one from the collection of the Zoological Society, whose donor’s name was omitted from the Catalogue, and which had on it a label with one of Col. Sykes’s names, as being one of his types. Respecting my being assisted, as Dr. Gtiinther more than insinuates, in determin. ing the species by his having erroneously (as he believes) written P. taakree on the bottle, a slight reference to dates again disposes of this. My first imspection of this skin was in 1870, whilst in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 617, I observed when writing from Barma—“ The Pseudeutropius taakree, Sykes, or P. longimanus, Giinther, is to- lerably abundant in the Irrawadi and its branches.” Since then I have received it from Pina in the Dakhin (Deccan). Lastly Dr. Gunther states the skin which is 6 inches long (Sykes’s figure is 5 3) “had been presented with others to the Society by Mr. Willie in 1834,—that is five (four ?) years before Col. Sykes communicated his paper to the Zoological Society.” To complete this observation, I may continue that Col. Sykes left India in 1831, and though the “ fishes of the Dekhun” were published in 1841, he expressly observes in a note, that ‘“ although the preceding details respecting the fishes of the Dekhun were comprised in a report to the Court of Directors of the East India Company in J une, 1831, they were only communicated to the Zoological Society on the 27th November, 1838.” Thus the Zoological Society obtained the specimen (Pimelodus vacha as regis- tered, not very closely resembling a Pseudeutropius) three years after Col. Sykes re- turned to Europe and subsequent to the time when his manuscript had been complet- ed and given to the WH. I. Company. 524 F. Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. [ No. 4, size and sometimes irregularly disposed. Lateral line passing to the centre of the base of the caudal fin. Geographical distribution. Rivers of Western Asia extending east- wards to those in the Sind hills. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. A. Barbels two 1. Scaphiodon Watsoni, D. 3/10, A. 2/7, L. 1. 33. Anosseous serrated dorsal ray. Scales reeularly arranged. Sind hills. 2. 35 irregularis, D, 3/10, A. 2/7, L. 1, 36. An osseous, serrated, dorsal ray. Scales irregularly arranged, Sind hills, 1. Scarurtopon Watsont. 18% JUG ID SyAMO et he NGS AS eG IIS), Ibe ly Se}, Ih, tae, (G/B, Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/9 of the total length. yes situated in the commencement of the anterior half of the head, diameter 2/9 of length of head, 13 diameters from the end of the snout. Interorbital space somewhat convex. Snout rounded and covered with glands ; mouth transverse, inferior, mandibles sharp not enveloped in lip, and having a horny layer inside. A pair of maxillary barbels as long as the eye. ins, dorsal commences rather in front of the ventrals, and mid- way between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, its last undi- vided ray strong, osseous, serrated, as long as the head without the snout, and nearly as long as the branched rays, which are two thirds as high as the body Pectoral as long as the portion of the head posterior to the angle of the mouth, but not reaching the ventrals. Caudal forked. Lateral line, very slightly curved, 35 rows of scales between it and the ventral fin. Co- lowrs silvery, dashed with gold, lightest on the abdomen. Various and very irregular black spots on the body. : Hab.—Sind hills. I have much pleasure in naming this species after H. HE. Watson, Esq., who largely assisted me in making collections of speci- mens of natural history whilst in Sind. 2. SCAPHIODON IRREGULARIS. 18; OLE DS YAO; Je, Ir, Wo dls Bil, Co 1D; Ie Jk XG, Ith, ties 8)/9), Length of head, caudal fin and height of body, each 1/5 of the total length. yes, situated in the commencement of the anterior half of the head, 13 diameters from end of the snout and apart. Interorbital space nearly flat, snout somewhat rounded, covered with glands and having a de- pression across it from eye to eye. ins, dorsal commences rather before the ventrals midway between the end of the snout and the base of the cau- dal fin, its third undivided ray is osseous, weak, and serrated, nearly half as long as the head, whilst the fin is three fourths as high as the body. Pec- toral nearly as long as the head; caudal forked, its lower lobe the longer. 1872. ] FB, Day—Monograph of Indian Cyprinide. 325 Seales, two or three rows above the lateral line are of a large oblong form, above these are numerous small irregular ones, whilst the scales on the chest are likewise very small; four and a half rows exist between the lateral line and the base of the ventral. Colowzs olive, shot with gold. Hab.—Rivers in the Sind hills up to 3500 feet elevation. I have also received from Dr. W. Waagen,* four specimens of a species of this genus obtained from Marri, and which are scarcely separable from the foregoing ; they have L. 1. 388, L. tr. 73/9, whilst the rows of scales above the lateral line are not so distinctly irregular. The largest of these specimens is 6 inches in length. BarBus (BARBODES) HIMALAYANUS. Chit-rah-too, Pan}. ei (Selo. Vin 9) AN /5, C7, ln 1 382-3840 Ii. tr155/6: Length of head nearly 1/4 (4/13), of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/4 of the total length. yes, diameter 2/11 of length of head, 2% diameters from end of snout, and 2 diameters apart. Dorsal and abdominal profiles equally convex. Head, much compressed, a depression across the snout just ante- rior to the orbits, lower lip lobed as in B. tor ; upper jaw the longer with- out thickened lips. arbels, the rostral pair of the same length as the maxillary, and they equal 13 diameters of the orbit. ins, dorsal commen- ces midway between the nostrils or the anterior margin of the orbit and the base of the caudal fin, its spine is moderately stout, entire, and equals the length of the head without the snout, upper margin of fin concave; pecto- ral as long as the head without the snout, it does not reach the ventral, which is slightly shorter and does not extend so far as the base of the anal, which last reaches the root of the caudal when laid flat ; caudal forked, lobes of equal length. - Scales, 3} rows between the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin. Colowrs golden above, becoming silvery below ; the mar- gins of the scales with numerous fine black dots, in the young a black mark behind the gill openings ; fins reddish. Hab.—Ussun river, about four miles from Simla. Out of five specimens the longest was 7 inches in length. BaRBus (PUNTIUS) WAAGENT. B. II, D. =, P. 15, V. 9, A. 2/5, C. 17, L. 1. 23-24, L. tr. 4/7. Length of head 1/4, of caudal 2/9, height of body 1/3 of the total length. yes, in the anterior half of the head, 3/4 of a diameter from end * Besides the fishes alluded to in this paper, the collection contained the follow- ing from Marri in the Panjab : Macrones Lamarrii, Val., Labeo ricnorhynchus, McClell., Barbus tor, H. B. Likewise Barilius piscatorius, McClell., from afresh water stream near Wallus. Also one small specimen of Cirrhina gohama, H. B., and several of Ne- macheilus corica, H. B. 3258 F. Day—WMonograph of Indian Cyprimde. [No. 4, of snout. Upper surface of the head flattened ; mouth horse-shoe shaped, compressed, and anterior, lower jaw not covered by lip; the posterior extre- mity of the maxilla reaches half way to below the orbit. Barbels absent. Fins, upper margin of dorsal straight, the fin is half as high as the body and without any osseous ray, 16 commences midway between the posterior margin ~ of the orbit, and the base of the caudal ; pectoral as long as the head with- out the snout, not reaching the ventral, which arises under the anterior dor- sal rays and does not extend to the anal; caudal forked. Scales, 45 rows between the row which contains the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin. Lateral line ceases on the seventh scale. Colowrs silvery, darkest above; a black blotch on the 17th and 18th rows of scales, and posterior to the anal and dorsal fins. Hab.—From Chua Saidar Shah, Salt Range ; specimens up to 24 inches in length were collected by Dr. Waagen who kindly furnished me with them. Bareus (PuNTIUS) virratus, Pt. II. p. 107. From a recent examination of several fine specimens of this fish obtain- ed by Dr. Stoliczka in Kachh I find its last undivided dorsal ray is articulat- ed, not osseous ; so it must be removed to the division of Puntius, bemg with- out osseous dorsal ray. Genus. BARILiIvus. Bariuivus EVEZARDI. i), 1O0L, 10), irs 18 IBY, Aoi, ©) IU, We I AO, Ih we, 7/1. 12-13” Length of head 2/11, of caudal 2/11, height of body 1/5 of the total length. yes, diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from the end of the snout and apart. Barbels absent. The maxilla extends to be- neath the anterior margin of the orbit. Humeral process short, bemg scarcely produced. ‘Third suborbital bone twice as deep as the uncovered portion of the cheek below it to above the angle of the preopercle. A well developed knob at the symphysis of the lower jaw. ins, pectoral as long as the head, the dorsal commences midway between the hind edge of the orbit and the end of the caudal fin, whilst its posterior half is above the anal. Lower caudal lobe the longer. Colowrs silvery ; dorsal, caudal and anal deep orange, the first two having a black edge. Hab.—Pina ; growing to 45 inches in length. Out of the specimens collected through the assistance of Colonel Evezard were two of this species, and subsequently I have received one obtained in the same locality by Dr. Stoliczka, 1872. ] W. H. Brooks—Zwo Undescribed Cashnir Birds. B27 ® NEMACHEILUS MonTANUS, Pt. V. p. 192. Having been able to collect near Simla numerous specimens of this fish, from whence McClelland obtained his types, I find that considerable varia- tions occur in the species. The first, apparently typical form, has D. ==. Head nearly 2/3 as wide as long ; preorbital terminating posteriorly in an obtuse projection. Scales very minute, but most distinct in the posterior part of the body. In some the dark bands on the body are as wide as, in a few narrower or wider than, the ground colour. The dorsal has one row of spots, which are present or ab- sent on the caudal. The second variety has D. =. Head at least 2/3 as wide as long, no projection to preorbital. Colours the same. The third form has D. oe. Head almost as wide as long, depressed, muzzle rounded ; no preorbital prominence, the pectoral a little longer than in the two previous forms. Colours the same except that some have several rows of black spots both on the dorsal and caudal fins, others have only a single row. ON TWO UNDESCRIBED CasHMiIR Birps,—by W. E. Brooks, C. EH. Assensole. [Received 16th October, read 4th December, 1872. | ACCENTOR JERDONI, sp. nov. Bill shorter, feebler and sharper pointed than in 4 strophiatus, and not nearly so black. One specimen has the basal portion of the lower mandible pale brown. Total length 4°5 inches ; wing 2°54 to 2°62; tail 2°3 to 2°54; bill at front °35; tarsus ‘75. This bird in mode of coloration strongly resembles A. strophiatus, yet it is very distinct; being altogether a paler, and less boldly marked species. The striation of the back is comparatively cloudy, and resembles that of Pipastes arboreus. ‘The upper surface is a mixture of brownish grey and dark brown, and there is none of the warm rufous tint observable on the back of A. strophiatus. The rump and upper tail coverts, which are strongly streaked in strophiatus, are plain greyish brown in our bird, with hardly the faintest streak perceptible. The anterior portion of the supercilium is whi- tish, as in strophiatus, but the remainder, instead of being deep rusty red, is merely warm buff or fulvous. Above the supercilium is a dark band on each side of the head, which is continued to the occiput. The crown of the head is brownish grey, mottled indistinctly with pale brown. The back is brown- 328 W. E. Brooks—Zwo Undescribed Cashmir Birds. [No. 4, ish grey, streaked with dark brown. Ear coverts dark slatey brown, slightly mottled with greyish white. A patch of pure grey, very faintly streaked with brown, between the ear coverts and bend of wmg. From chin to upper breast white, with small neat dark brown spots ; below this white, a broad (3/4 inch) pectoral band of rufous, not nearly so deep and bright as in stro- . phiatus and devoid of dark streaks ; strophiatus sometimes has the pectoral rufous strongly streaked. Rest of lower surface dull whitish with the flanks tinged with brown, the latter having also broad cloudy brown streaks. Lower tail coverts pale brownish, with broad whitish edges; wings and tail brown, of a much lighter shade than in strophiatus, and having pale brown margins to the feathers, particularly so in the case of the wing coverts and tertials. I have thought necessary to refer comparatively to A. strophiatus in this description, on account of the similar distribution of colours, and size of the two birds. They can only be understood by contrasting them. I have one specimen of the new bird from Dhurmsala, and others from Cashmir. A. strophiatus ranges from near Simla to Darjiling; but at what point west of Simla is its western limit, and where the eastern one of A. Jerdoni begins, is not yet known. Captain Cock took some nests of the new bird with eggs (uniform greenish blue) at Sonamurg, up the Scind valley in Cashmir. The other bird which I have to describe is TROGLODYTES NEGLECTUS, Sp. Nov. It is of the same size as 7. Nipalensis, but very much lighter in colour and having a strong resemblance to the English wren. It is dull reddish brown above, becoming brighter in tone towards and on the tail. The whole of the upper surface is covered with wavey dark brown bars, which are very indistinct on the head, but increase in distinctness as the tail is reach- ed, upon which they are very well marked. Below pale brownish, with the abdomen and belly nearly white, the whole of the under surface, like the upper, being barred with brown. Lower tail coverts brown, spotted with white. Bill brown, paler on lower mandible at base ; legs and feet brown. Length 3°5 in. ; wing 18; tail 1-2; bill at front -42; tarsus ‘63, central toe and claw °57 ; hind toe and claw ‘53. The sexes arg alike in size and plum- age. Apart from its comparatively pale tone of colouration its much smaller and slenderer tarsus and foot easily distinguish it from 7) Nipalensis, which is a very dark brown sooty looking little bird. Of Z. Nipalensis the central toe and claw measure *7; hind toe and claw ‘62. The Cashmir wren is not uncommon in the pine woods of Cashmu, and in habits and manners it strongly resembles its Huropean congener. Its song is very similar, and quite as pretty. It is a shy active little bird, and 1872.] W. Theobald & F. Stoliczka—Wotes on Barmese Land Shells. 329 very difficult to shoot. I found two nests. One was placed in the roots of a large upturned pine, and was globular with entrance at the side. It was profusely lined with feathers and composed of moss and fibres. The eggs were white, sparingly and minutely spotted with red; rather oval in shape, measuring “66 by ‘5. A second nest was placed in the thick foliage of a moss grown fir tree, and was about 7 feet abovethe ground. It was simi- larly composed to the other nest, but the eggs were rounder, and plain white, without any spots. Notes oN BaRMESE AND ARAKANESE LAND SHELLS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A FEW SPECIES,—by W. THEOBALD, Esq., and Dr. F. StoxiczKa. (Received and read 7th August, 1872.) (With plate XI.) The accompanying notes were suggested by the recent discovery of several new species of landshells, chiefly in the Arakan hills and in the neighbourhood of Moulmain. In addition to these a few species were found which proved to be identical with those formerly described from Sikkim, the Khasi hills, and Upper Pegu; the slight variations and the geographical distribution of these species will be noticed in connection with the descriptions of the new species. CYCLOSTOMACEA. RAPHAULUS PACHYSIPHON, n. sp. Pl. XI. Fig. 1. ft. testa cylindraceo ovata, anguste perforata, solida, fusca; spira obtusa, apice ad latus imclinato, excentrico; anfractibus 54 convexiusculis, transversim confertissime striolatis, ad suturam simplicem adpressis ; anfractu penultimo sensim, ultimo valde, descendente, primo supra aperturam deplanato, altero ad sutwram paulo constricto, ad basin convexiusculo ; aper- tura fere verticali, cireulari, peristomate pallide fucescente, plane expanso atque crasso, supra ad anfractum penultimum labio attenuato et fere horizonl adnato, postice (aut supra) ad suturan tubulo crasso, deflexo instructo. Long. 12:6, lat. anf. penult.7-6, diam. apert. cwm perist. 62, apert. int. 3°6 m.m. Hab. Prope Moulmain, valle Ataran fluminis. A rare and very distinct from any of the other known species by its distorted spire and externally bent down sutural tube. The figures 1 and la are of the natural size, 16 and le are the corresponding figures, enlarged .twice the natural size. Al 330 W. Theobald & F. Stoliczka—Wotes on Barmese Land Shells. |No. 4, Genus, ALYCRUS. Of this genus several species were found which were previously only known to occur in Sikkim, and in the Khasi and Garo hills. A. pusillus was met with at Nattoung in the Mendon district, Pegu; A. wrnula, and a small variety of 4. Ingrami, at Mai-i in the Arakan hills; A. crispatus at Maianoung and near Moulmain ; at this last named locality also occurred a large, red-liped variety of A. wrnula, and several specimens of A. Richtho- Jeni, the shells slightly vary in the height of the spire, but all are of exactly the same character. Atycnus Kurzianvs, n. sp. Pl. xi. Fig. 2. A. testa subglobose conoidea, late umbilicata, pallide rubescente ; anfrac- tibus 4, valde conveuis, sublevigatis, transversim distanter obsolete costellatis, ultimo anfractu medio ambitus modice inflato, confertim costulato, tum valde constricto levigatoque, in constrictione costé obtusa transversd in- structo, rursusque expansiusculo atque paulo deflexo; apertura magna, obliqua, subrotundata, supra obtuse angulata, infra anguste canaliculata ; preritremate modice imerassato, duplict, externo paulum expanso, labro interno plicatulo, labio sublevigato. Diam. maj. specim. maximi 3°5, minor 8, alt. 2°7 m.m. Hab. Nattowng in provincia Barmana, Prome dicta. The peculiarly formed aperture with the lower canal and its internal plication on the outer lip readily distinguish this species from A. polygona, which besides differs by more rounded and higher whorls. Mr. Kurz brought some years ago a specimen of this interesting species from Pegu ; more recently Mr. Theobald collected it near Nattoung in the Western Prome district. The measurements above given are those of one of the largest specimens. Genus, DIPLOMMATINA. Several remarkable varieties of formerly described species occurred with other known forms, both in Arakan and at Moulmain, Among these the following deserve special notice. 1. D. sperata, B\f., was found at Mai-iin the Sandoway district. It is a very rare shell. 2. D. polypleuris, Bens., occurs abundantly in the Sandoway district and at Nattoung, more rarely near Moulmain. 3. D. olygopleuwris, Blf. Very fine specimens, measuring 3 m.m., in length and 15 m.m. in thickness, were collected on the Kumah hill in Arakan, and a solitary specimen was found at Baom, also in Arakan. The latter exactly agrees in form and size (length 2 m.m.) with typical Cachar specimens, but while in these the costulation generally becomes obsolete on the two last whorls, the same is well developed and comparatively slightly closer 1872.] W. Theobald & F. Stoliczka—Wotes on Barmese Land Shells. 331 on all the whorls of the Arakanese specimen; the difference is, however not sufficient to indicate a specifically distinct shell from the one above named. 4. D. exilis, BM., was found on the limestone hills at Damotha and at the Farm-caves near Moulmein. Most of the specimens somewhat exceed in size those from Upper Barma; the costulation of the whorls also is a shade finer, though variable in different specimens, and the outer lip of the aperture a little more expanded ; however, the general form, character and proportion of the whorls is exactly the same. One of the largest specimens measures : total length 3:2, diameter of penult. whorl 1+, diam. of apert. with perist. 0:9 m.m.; it has nine whorls. 5. D. nana, described by Mr. W. T. Blanford from Pegu, also occurs near Moulmein; the specimens only are a trifle smaller than the type shell, but they are very distinctly transvefsely costulated. 6. DIPLOMMATINA ANGULATA, n. sp. Pl. xi. Fig. 3. D. testa ovoto elongata, dextrorsa, vie rimata, sordide albida, anfractu penultimo latissimo, apice obtusiusculo, pallide rubido, submammillato ; anfractibus sex, primis duobus levigatis, ceteris valde convexis, ad peri- pheriam plus minusve distincter angulatis, transversim confertissime costellatis aut acute striatis ; ultimo basi contracto ; sutura profunda, simplice ; aper- tura late circulart, peristomate undique expanso, bilabiato, interno subrecto, ad marginem colwmellarem dente obliquo instructo, externo ad anfractum penultimum constrictum modice ascendente. Long. 2, lat. maxima 0'8, diam. apert. 0'6 m.m. Hab. Prope Moulmain, provincia Martaban. The peculiar angulation of the whorls, combined with the very close transverse costulation, or almost striation, and the proportionately large aperture readily separate this species from any other as yet known. Mr. Theobald obtained numerous specimens on the limestone hill near Damotha, and also south of Moulmain, together with D. carneola, Stol. 7. Dretommatina RIcHTHOFENT, n. sp. Pl. xi. Fig. 4. Dipl. testa ovate elongata, turrita, dextrorsa, albida, rimata; spira conoidea ; anfractibus septem, convexis, ad medium subangulatis, sutura simplict junctis, penultimo wltimo latiore: primis duobus apicem formantibus levigatis, ceteris transversim conferte costellatis, ultimo basi convexo, angus- tato, supra ad anf. penultimum ascendente ; apertura parva, cireulari, peris- tomate duplici: interno tubuliforme modice producto atque dilatato ; labio ad basin dente obliquo et magno instructo. Long. 2°5, lat. maxuna 0°8, diam. aperture O'S m.m. Hab. Prope Moulmain ; (testa rarissima). 332 W. Theobald & F. Stoliczka—Wotes on Barmese Land Shells. [No. 4, A species closely allied to D. angulata, but more slender, with less dis- tinctly angulated whorls, non-mammillated apex, with a slightly more dis- tant costulation and with a comparatively smaller aperture. Only the solitary figured specimen of this shell was obtained on the limestone hill at the so-called Farm-caves. Genus, GHORISSA. 1. Georissa Blanfordiana, Stol., (J. A. 8. B., 1871, vol. xl, pt. ui, p. 158, pl. vi, fig. 6,) described from a single specimen, occurred abundantly both at the Farm-caves and South of Moulmain. Thetype specimen is rather a young shell, which, when adult, attains a very distinct ovately conoid form, the whorls being in proportion somewhat less convex ; the inner lip is strongly thickened. One of the largest specimens measures: total length 2°8, greatest width of the last whorl 2, height of aperture 2-2, its width 1 m.m. When alive, the shell is rather deep succineous and semi-transparent ; old specimens become white. The operculum is of the usual form, very thin, with a long internal process, pale coloured, becoming blackish towards the centre. 2. G. Rawesiana, Bens., also known from a single specimen, found at the Farm-caves near Moulmain, occurred in numerous examples on two limestone hills in the Ataran valley. The shell differs from G. liratula* by amore conoid shape, particularly in the adult, and by a much finer spiral striation, there being on the penultimate whorl as many as seven or eight of these spiral striz, while in liratula there are only five of them. Young specimens of both species are equally globose, and of a succineous structure. One of the largest specimens of G. Rawesiana measures : length 2:4, largest diam. 1°8, height of aperture 1, its width 0°8 mm. In adults the fine sculpture wears off remarkably easily, and such specimens closely resemble G. Blanfordiana, but have the whorls more convex, and the aperture pro- portionately smaller. 3. G. pyxis, Bens., a species common about Prome, also occurs on the Kumah hill in the Sandoway district. 4, GEORISSA FRATERNA, n. sp. Pl. xi. Figs. 5 and 6. G. testa cylindraceo conoidea, solidula, pallida, imperforata, regione umbilicali paulo impressa ; anfractibus 34, convexis, supra modice subtrun- catis, sutura per-profunda junctis, spiraliter crasse liratis, liris in anfrac- tu penultimo quingue, supera a sutura remotiuscula; apice valde mam- millato ; ultimo anfractu spird breviore, basi convexiusculo, spiraliter * J. A. S. B. vol, xl, pt. ii, 1871, p. 157, pl. vi, fig. 5, 1872.| W. Theobald & F. Stoliczka—Wotes on Barmese Land Shells. 333 striato ; apertura fere semicirculart, labro simplici, antice modice recedente, margine subobtuso instructo, labio recto, incrassato ; operculo testaceo, tenut, subdiaphano, paucispwrato. Alt. teste 1:4, diam. max. 0°95 m.m. Hab. In valle fluminis Ataran, prope Moulmain. Allied to G. pyxis in having the uppermost spiral ridge on the whorls somewhat remote from the suture, but the ridges themselves are stronger, the whorls somewhat less numerous, the apex very distinctly mammillate, and the entire form of the shell more slender and cylindrical. Only three specimens were discovered by Mr. Theobald. The slight variation in the shape is indicated by the figures given of two specimens. ACMELLA HYALINA, n. sp. Pl. xi. Fig. 7. Ae. testa ovato conica, modice pérforata, hyalina, sordide abbida; spira obtusa ; anfractibus 43 convexiusculis, sutura simplict et profunda junctis, ad suturam subtruncatis, levigatis, ultimo spird paulo breviore, basi convexo ; apertura regulariter ovata, supra (vel postice) subangulata, haud obliqua, peristomate tenm fere continuo. Long. 1, lat. 0-7 mm. (Operculum deest). Hab. Incollis calcareis prope Moulmain. Of the two known species of the genus, A. tersa and the doubtful milium, both described by Benson from the Khasi hills, the present new form closely agrees in the shape of the shell with the first, and in the smooth- ness of the surface with the second. Acmella, Blanf., is evidently quite distinct from Georissa, or Hydrocena, the latter bemg one of the Henicryip#, while the former is most likely a Cyclophorid, or possibly one of the intermediate forms close to Assiminea and Omphalotropis, connecting the CycLhopHorip# with the Risso. (Comp. Blanford in Ann. and Mag. N. H. for March 1869). HELICACEA. Pura FILOSA, n. sp. Pl. x1. Fig. 8. P. testa ovato cylindracea, cornea, pellucida, apice obtusiuscula, rimate umbilicata ; anfractibus 45 convexiusculis, sutwra simplict junctis, trans- versim striis cuticularibus, obliquis, filiformibus ornatis ; ultimo spiréd breviore, basi vie angustato, convexiusculo ; apertura subquadrangulart, recta, intus dentibus quinque mstructa, labro undique paulo expansiusculo, atque incras- sato, infra suturam subangulato, ad latus dentibus duobus parvis profunde sitis instructo ; labio tenuissimo, prope medium dentibus pliciformibus duobus approximatis, anteriore multo minore, predito ; columella wridentata. Long. 2, diam. max. 1 m.m.; apert. ewm perist. 0°75 longa, antice 0°55, postice 0°75 mm. lata. Hab. In littore Arakanense ; satis frequens. 334 G. E. Dobson—On the Osteology of some species of Bats. |No. 4, A well marked species, both by its peculiarly subcylindrial shape and by the denticulations of the apertural margins ; it is not uncommon on the Arakan coast. Macrocutamys [Durertta|] Kumanensts, n. sp. Pl. xi. Fgs. 9 and 10. Macr. testa convexiuscule orbiculata, polita, tenuwi, cornea, anguste perforata, spira modiee elevata ; anfractibus 45 convexis, requlariter aceres- centibus, sutura simplict adpresssa gunctis, infra suturam distinete depressis atque subcanaliculatis, transversim exilissime obsoleteque striolatis ; ultimo anfractu ad ambitum regulariter convexo, ad basin convexiusculo, im spatio umbilict rugulose spiraliter striato ; apertura ampla, semilunata, paulo obliqua, margine externo simplict, columellari supra reflexiusculo, umbilicum partim tegente. Diam. maj. 9°6, min. 83. alt. 6; lat. apert. perist. incl. 5-4, ejusd. alt. 43 m.m. Speciminis secundi ejusdem maquitudinis altitudo teste est 65 m.m., apertura 5:2 lata, et 4°5 m.m. alta. Hab. ‘ Kumah hil? in montibus Arakanensibus, regione Sandoway. Only the two figured specimens of this shell were found by Mr. Theobald at the above named locality. The species is intermediate between Blanford’s compluvialis and nebulosa, differing from the former by being somewhat depressed, by a comparatively slight sutural depression and larger umbilicus ; from the latter it differs by its polished surface, less numerous and regularly convex whorls, particularly at the periphery of the last. These differences also apply in a comparison with JZ. honesta of Gould. Besides the above described new species, Glessula Peguensis, Gless. hastula, (somewhat larger than the Sikkim type shell), Succinea semicerica, Sesara Basseinensis, Helicina Arakanensis, Pupina Blanfordi, Pterocyclus parvus, several Alycei and Diplommatine occurred on the Kumah hill and near Mai-i in the Sandoway district of Arakan. eee ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF SOME SPECIES OF BATs,—by G. E. Doxson, B. A., M. B., Assistant Surabon, H. M.’s Brirrsu Forces. Having lately obtained additional specimens of MMacroglossus speleus, from Mr. Theobald,* I have been enabled to have a complete skeleton made from an adult male. As previously remarked by me, the index finger possesses no trace of a claw, but has instead a small, but distinct third phalanx connected with the * Collected at the Farm Caves near Moulmain where the specimens, from which the description of the species was taken, were obtained by Dr. Stoliczka. (See Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. xl, p. 261.) 1872.| G. E. Dobson—On the Osteology of some species of Bats. 330 second phalanx by a perfect joint. This phalanx is scarcely ;, inch in length, and is wholly contained within the wing membrane. If we compare the skull of JZ speleus with that of Pteropus medius, it will be found to resemble it very closely, differing from it only in size, and in the following points :— In Pt. medius, the sagittal crest is very prominent, forming a sharp ridge continued forwards beyond the middle of the zygomatic arches, dividing at a short distance behind the post-orbital processes of the frontal into two ridges which become continuous with their posterior margins. In MM. speleus, the sagittal crest is very short, dividing, at a point correspond- ing to a line connecting the mastoid processes, into two widely separated very slightly elevated ridges continued forwards to the posterior margins of the post-orbital processes. In P#. mediws, the frontal is deeply furrowed between the roots of the post-orbital processes, in JZ. speleus it is elevated. In Pé. medius, the post-orbital processes are very long and curved downwards, separated by a very short interval (in a skull before me 0:15 inch) from a corresponding process sent upwards from the zygoma, thus almost com- pletely circumscribing with bone the margin of the orbit. In JZ speleus, the post-orbital processes of the frontals are short, and almost horizontal ; the zygoma is slender, and there is no trace of an ascending process. The bases of the skulls of Pt. medius and I. speleus are very similiar, the only difference noticeable being, that, in the former the foramen rotun- dum and foramen ovale are represented by a single opening, in the latter they are distinct. In Pt. medius, the caudal vertebre are wanting, in J. speleus they are five in number, very short and rather thick. The remainder of the skeleton of JZ. speleus corresponds closely in form, and in the relative proportion of its parts, with that of Pt. medius. I have read with some surprise Prof. Flower’s statement* that, in the genus Pteropus, “there is no corresponding ascending process from the zygo- matic arch,’—for, in a skull of Pteropus medius, Tem., (compared, above, with that of Macroglossus speleus) the post-orbital process sent upwards from the zygomatic arch measures 0°15 inch along its anterior margin, 0°15 inch across its base, with a vertical height, posteriorly, of more than 0:10 inch. The same author, at 1. c. p. 158, remarks that Insectivorous Bats have no post-orbital processes of the frontals. This statement is only partially correct, for although many, perhaps most, genera of insectivorous bats do not possess post-orbital processes, yet in some genera they are not only present, * Tntroduction to the Osteology of the Mammalia, by W. H. Flower, F, R. S, 1870, page 152. 336 G. E. Dobson—Brief Descriptions of five new Bats. [No. 4, but also—in one genus especially,—quite as well developed as in the frugi- vorous. In every species of the genus Taphozous, Geoff., examined by me, I have found well developed post-orbital processes. In a skull of Z. melanopogon, Tem., before me, a long and slender post-orbital process of the frontal extends more than half the distance between the frontal bone and the zygomatic arch, forming nearly one-third of the entire circumference of the orbit. — Post-orbital processes of the frontals are also found in the genera Mega- derma and Nycteris. In the latter genus the post-orbital process may be — described as a triangular expanded lamina of bone, of which the base extends from the sagittal crest to the maxilla; in the former it is short and blunt, and its base is perforated, as in Pteropus, by a supra-orbital foramen. In Vesperus pachypus, Tem., a small post-orbital process exists. The above examples show that in many species of insectivorous bats post-orbital processes of the frontals are present. Inno species, however, have I succeeded in detecting corresponding zygomatic processes, as in the genus Pteropus. . BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF RHINOLOPHINE Bats,— by G. E. Dozson, B. A., M. B. The following short descriptions of new species of Rhinolophine bats in the collection of Chiroptera in the Indian Museum are intended as prefatory to more detailed descriptions, to be published hereafter with illustrations. 1. RutyoLopHus YUNANENSIS, n. sp. Ears large; antitragus separated from the outer margin by a deep, an- gular incision. Nose-leaf large ; the horizontal horse-shoe shaped portion concealing the upper lip as in &h. luctus. The upper edge of the central erect, anteriorly flattened, nasal crest meets, at the same level, the upper edge of the posterior vertical membrane. Lower lip divided by a single ver- tical incision. Wings from the ankles ; tail contained within the interfemo- ral membrane, with the exception of the extreme tip ; interfemoral mem- brane cut square behind, or slightly concave. Length, head and body, 2°7 inches ; tail 0:9 ; ear (anteriorly) 1:0 ; nose- leaf 0-7 ; forearm 2°2; tibia 1:1. Hab.—Hotha, Yunan ; collected by Dr. Anderson during the Yunan expedition.* * Other new species of bats obtained by Dr. Anderson during the Yunan Hxpe- dition have been shortly described by the writer in the Proc. As. Soc. Beng. for Sept. 1871. —— 1872. ] G. KE. Dobson— Brief Descriptions of jive new Bats. 337 2. RHINOLOPHUS GAROENSIS, n. sp. Kars acutely pomted with a well developed antitragus. Upper edge of the posterior vertical connecting process of the central nose-leaf forming an acutely pointed elevation ; posterior nose-leaf terminating behind in a broad, triangular, pointed process. Wings from the ankles, interfemoral membrane cut square behind; tip of tail free. This species is closely allied to Rh. cornutus, Tem., from Japan, from which it differs mainly in size. Length, head and body 1°5 inches ; tail 0°7; ear (anteriorly) 0°5 ; fore- arm, 13; 2nd finger 2:0; 4th finger 1°7 ; tibia 06. Hab.—Garo Hills, Assam. Collected by Major H. H. Godwin-Austen. 3. RuHINOLOPHUS ANDAMANENSIS, n. sp. This species resembles Rh. affinis, and may be referred to the same sec- tion of the genus. The anterior horizontal horse-shoe shaped portion of the nose-leaf is very broad and flat, concealing the muzzle when viewed from above, as in Rh. Yunanensis. The posterior triangular nose-leaf is long, and produced backwards between the ears. Wings from the ankles, or from the tibia slightly Hethen up. Interfe- moral membrane cut square or slightly concave behind ; tip of tail project- ing. Length, head and body, 2°5 inches ; tail 0°9 ; ear (anteriorly) 0°85 ; ear (posteriorly) 0°75 ; forearm 2°05 ; thumb 0°45; tibia 1:0. Hab.—Andaman Islands. Collected by Mr. Homfray, Assistant Super- intendent, Port Blair, to whom the Indian Museum is indebted for many specimens illustrative of the zoology of the islands. 4, RurtNoLopHus PETERSII, n. sp. Kars acutely pomted, with an emargination immediately beneath the tip ; antitragus large, separated from the outer margin by a deep angular incision. Nose-leaf about same size as in Rh. affinis. The upper border of the posterior connecting portion of the central nasal crest is produced into a subacute point ; the sides of the terminal part of the posterior nose-leaf are deeply emarginate, so that it ends in a small narrow projection. Wings from the ankles ; interfemoral membrane slightly triangular be- hind ; tip of tail free, projecting about ;4, inch beyond the membrane. This species resembles Ah. acwminatus, Peters, from Java, but differs from it, as Dr. Peters informs me, in having the terminal portion of the tail free, and in other respects, as in measurement, slightly, and in the form of the ears, &c. 42 338 G. E. Dobson—Brief Descriptions of five new Bats. [No. 4, Length (of a male) head and body 2:5 inches, tail 1:0; ear (anteriorly) 0:75 ; breath of antitragus 0°3; length of forearm 2°0; thumb 04; tibia 0-9; foot and claws 0°5. Hab.—Sent from some part of India, precise locality not known. 5. PxHyttornia Masont, n. sp. This species belongs to the same section of the genus as Ph. WNicoba- yensis, Dobson. As in that species, the concave front surface of the base of the transverse nose-leaf is divided into two cells only by a single central lon- gitudinal fold ; the upper margin or crest of the transverse nose-leaf, and the thickened cordiform ridge behind the nasal orifices develop acute projections in the centre of their front surfaces as in Ph. diadema, Geoft. The horse- shoe shaped membrane is simple, with three secondary vertical processes of membrane on each side. From the under surface of the symphisis of the mandible a small coni- cal bony process projects downwards, about equal to the lower canine tooth im vertical extent. Wings from the ankles; tip of tail free ; interfemoral membrane trian- gular behind. Length, head and body, 3°65 inches; tail 1:65; ear (anteriorly) 11; forearm 3°35 ; 2nd finger 5:0 ; 4th finger 3:9; thumb 0°6; tibia 1°35. Hab.—Moulmain, Barma. This fine species was first submitted to me for examination by Mr. Wood-Mason, with the remark that it was most probably new ; I have, therefore, much pleasure in connecting his name with it. F. DAY. Joven: A. S.B.Vol:XLT. Pell. 1872. JAE S Sedghiela Lith: 1. Danio’ arwolineatis. 2. Barilius Baker. 3. Bartlius bota . 1, Chelx yora Celoutte . Pelee STOLICZKA. Journ: A. S.B. Vol: XLI.Pt: I. 1872. a io) Caleutte. S. Sedlagfoeld Lith: 3 Doryura)Berdmorec , Blyth . grgantencs, 7. Spr. 4. Cy ney atoe, Laurienaris, ». sje. ” uw LHemiductlus sut—triedrus, Jerd.(/3.He.. hi I. PI STOLICZKA. Journ: A. S.B.Vol:XLI. Pt 1.1872. SS, Lith: Caloutta. ww. Spr. ! (Doryur..) Mandeticanss, 7 spe. 4, Stellio Dayanws. 3. Stetiio tcterculatics, Gray. 5. Charasia Blanfordane; rR. hee 2 Hem. Jey TNE ORM SL EN IM Sesh, s i 4KA.. Journ: A.S.B.Vo 5. Ristella Travancorica, Beda. 4. Mocow sacra, rv. sp. moaculete,, Blyth. Dussumaeri, DXB. ” ” 1. Ainatiainoaicn, Grey. 22 3 TAD Foam Ne eee STOLICZKA Journ: A.S.B. Vol: XL1, Pt: 11,1872. at A Vawas as i ia ( — Si Ee ve ne 1. Euprepes macularius, BL. 4. Rapa anguina, Theob. 5. 2. Mocow Stkkimensis, BU: » Hardwickw Gray- 3. Riopa cyanella, mn, Sp. 6 albopumiata, Jad. ICUS OUN.. Slower JIS) 1. Welle OGL Jee NL, WSs z i { 4 4 i & My Osteology of Trienops persicus (For explanation see p- 141 y} W. T. BLANFORD. Journ: A. 8. B. Vol: XLI. Pt: II. 1872. Pu WL: Perce. ; D> ‘ TT Cc AT ‘ TT Th ¢ | i al x \} ra tf B ) 2 FELLORNEUM MANDEL W. T. BLANFORD. Journ: A. 8. B. Vol: XLI. Pt: II. 1879. El le 12.@ 15.Q. 1. C. cylindrica p.199&207. 6 C. leoxostema.p.201& 208. I), C. insignis, Gould,p.204 & 208. 16. C. bulbus. p 206 2. C. 10s. p. 200. 3. €. bactllum. p.200 & 207. 4. C. Ceylanicn. p-201. 5. €.Theobaldv. » ,, 7. C.ferruginew. p.202. 72. C. msignis,PRH.& Tp. 204 77. 8. C.Asaluensis. 1 4 13. C. nronticola rn 18. 9. C fasiformis. p.203. 14.0. Philipprana. p. 208. 719. 20. 10. C.Gouldiana. 4 45.C. vespa, p 205 & 209. C. ovata. » Pa C Masontiy « e €. Waagent, p, 209. &. Arekana -p.21e- F. STOLICZKA.Journ:Asiat:Soc:Bengal. Vol: XL. Pt: 1. 1872 1-5. Cyclopherus Maloyanus, p. 262- 6. ” Borneensis, p. 263. 14. Alycwous gibboswlis, Pp 268. 7. Opisthoporus Penangensis, p. 265. Is. Lagochetus trochoides, p. 270. 6-10. ” solukis, p.266. 16 - stvolakis, p- 271. iL-12. Pupinaw aureolo, p.267 THEOBALD and gu, 3.a. 1. Raphaulus pachysphow, p.329. 2. Alyceies Kurxianas, p.330- 3. Diplomumatina angulaty, p.331. 4. i Richtlotent, p 331. 5_6. Georissa fraterna@, p. 332. 7. Acmella hywlina,, p. 333 8. Pupa filosa, p.333. 910 Macrochl. Kumahersis, P-333. UN Io AO i= Names of new species have an asterisk (*) prefixed. Abrornis albogularis, 164 Alauda deva, 248 ” castaneiceps, 54 = dulcivox, 85 “5 flaviventris, 164 » gulgula, 85, 229 of maculipennis, 163 Maes guttata, 85 ” superciliaris, 164 5 orientalis, 85 Acanthocobitis longipinnis, 182 triborhyncha, 85, 162, 213 Acanthodactylus Cantoris, 91 Aleedo bengalensis, 74, 232 Acanthophthalmus javanicus, 173 Allotrius xanthochlorus, 45 pangia, 173 Alsocomus Hodgsoni, 70 eeatneseis Berdmorei, 175 Alseonax latirostris 142 90 choirorrhynchus, 174: Altai mountains, 35 ) micropogon, 175 Alyceeus crispatus, 330 *Accentor Jerdoni, 327 eee gibbosulus, 268 oF nipalensis, 63 9 Ingrami, 3380 9 rubeculoides, 63, 64 Edda Kurzianus, 330 » strophiatus, 64, 170 5 polygona, 330 Accipiter badius, 73 » pusillus, 330 eo nisus, 41, 73, 250 3 Richthofeni, 330 virgatus, 73, 230 urnula, 330 *Acmella hyalina, 333 Ammomanes pheenicura, 248 59 milium, 333 Anas boschas, 86, 229, 255 » tersa, 333 Anomalocora impudica, 245 Acridotheres ater, 246 Anorhinus galeritus, 148 » eristatellus, 246 96 Austeni, 143 96 fuscus, 245 Anser cinereus, 229 9 ginginianus, 246 » indicus, 229 »” erandis, 246 Anthus agilis, 60 ” griseus, 246 »» arboreus, 60 tristis, 245 6 Cecilii, 61, 83 Acrocephalus agricolus, 77 9 cervinus, 61, 83 nF brunnescens, 77 » japonicus, 61, 83 ” dumetorum, 77 » rutogularis, 83 turdoides, 77 6p) rosaceus, 61, 83 Wem glareola, 252 “5 striolatus, 61 », lhypoleucus, 243 thermophilus, 83 97 ochropus, 253 Antilope bezoartica, 229 Adophaneus orphea, 243 ” Hodgsonii, 39 Aigialites curonicus, 250 Apua fusea, 172 5 fluviatilis, 250 Aquila bifasciata, 230 Xeithaliseus iouschistos, 58 56 fulvescens, 218, 230 4Aigialitis phillippinus, 250 Arachnechthra asiatica, 142, 235 Agrodroma campestris, 218, 245 currucaria, 235 Ailurus fulgens, 33 Ar dea ‘cinerea, 86, 254 G ochraceus, 33 Ardeola leucoptera, 254 Aleemon desertorum, 248 Ardetta minuta, 86 Alauda arvensis, 85, 161 Artistida depressa, 217 » brachydactyla, 62, 248 Airva javanica, 217 4 cristata, 229 Aryicola amphibia, 34 40 Index. i) Asam, 6, 10, 12, 13 Budytes citreolus, 161, 82, 244 Asilus affinis, 80 ) flava, 82, 244 Astur palumbarius, 229 “1 melanocephala, 82, 244 Athene brama, 213, 231 99 viridis, 60 Ateuchosaurus travancoricus, 129 Bubo bengalensis, 231 Aithopyga ignicauda, 4:4 Bulimus abbysinicus, 212 note Aythya ferina, 255 0 atricallosus, 261 ~ nyroca, 255 91 ccenopictus, 212 note Balitora maculata, 29 “) citrinus, 261 Barilius alburnus, 3 on insularis, 212 note “3 Bakeri, 8 punctatus, 212 vote 0 barila, 8 Buphus coromandus, 218, 254 3) barna, 13 Buteo canescens, 42, 230 +5 bendelisis, 6 », Gesertorum, 42, 73 39 bicirrhatus, 4 » terox, 42, 219, 230 9 Bleekeri, 5 », fuliginosus, 230 5 bola, 1i », japonicus, 43 3 borelio, 13 + Brucei, 28 », plumipes, 41, 42 » vrufiventer, 42 a canarensis, 9, vulgaris, 42, 73 5 cocsa, 6, 7 Batonides javanica, 254 > gatensis, 9, 10 Bythinea pulchella, 212 note A goha, 11 Cachius atpar, 19 > guttatus, 12 A hoalius, 14 Coelops Frithii, 140 Calamodyta affinis, 165 55 interruptus, 12 op calligata, 242 : modestus, 4 agricolensis, 242 45 morarensis, 8 Calemdrelie brachydacty la, 85, 248 =) nigrofasciatus, 8 Callene albiventris, 160 > papillatus, 11 » trontalis, 160 a piscatorius, 3 Calliope kamtschatkensis, 31 . radiolatus, 4 » pectoralis, 52,77, 31 5 rerio, 3 Collyrio lahtora, 235 * rugosus, 10 Calobates melanope, 82 x shacra, 5 i sulphurea, 82 », tileo, 10 Calornis affinis, 142 x vagra, 7 Barbus sarana, 260 5 schagra, 5 55 stigma, 260 » ticto, 260 vittatus, 260 Bendilisis barila, 8 4) nigrofasciatus, 8 3 maharattensis, 232 p vaera, 7 Carduelis caniceps, 84 Bengal, 3, 6, 10, 18 Carpodacuserythrinus,31, 65, 84, 142,229 Bidan, 73 Casarca rutila, 73, 229 Bala goha, 11 Botia almorhez, 177, 178 » Berdmorei, 177, 179 S| dario, 1777 » grandis, 178 » bymenophysa, 177, 178 >, histrionica, 177, 179 » unebulosa, 177 rostrata, 177, 178 Br achy pter yx crur alis, 160 nipalensis, 160 Budytes calearatus, 82, 244 7) cinereocapilla, 32, 244, 4 citreoloides, 142 Calotes Hlliotti, 113 oy Rouxi, 113 > bricarinatus, 112 Canis montanus, 33 » pallipes, 227 Capparis aphylla, 217 Caprimulgus asiaticus, 232 Celastrus senegalensis, 217 Centropus rufipennis, 229 1D viridis, 229 Cercomela fusca, 240 Ceriornis satyra, 71 Certhia discolor, 56 99 familiaris, 7 4 A himalayana, 74 A Hodgsoni, 74 a nipalensis, 56 Certhilauda desertorum, 212, 248 Cervus affinis, 39 » Wallichii, 39 Ceryle rudis, 232 Chalcoparia singalensis, 143 Charasia tricarinata, 112 ey Blanfordana, 110 = dorsalis, 86, 109 Chatorhea caudata, 218, 237, 242 Chaulelasmus streperus, 218, 255 Chedrus cocsa, 7 Chela alkootee, 26 »,7 alburna, 18 » argentea, 22 »» bacaila, 23, 260 » balookee, of » clupeoides, 27 - » diffusa, 22 3, iavipinnis, 24 » gora, 27 », jorah, 26 » laubuca, 20 », novacula, 23 » Owenii, 25 9» panjabensis, 25 » phulo, 24 » Sardinella, 25 » Sladoni, 22 », bteekantee, 26 untrali, 24 Chelidom cashmiriensis, 47 % nipalensis, 31, 156 urbica, 51 Chelidorhynx hypoxantha, 47 * Chettusia gregaria, 213, 218, 229, 250 * Wagleri, 251 Chiamella lineata, 135 Chimarrhornis leucocephala, 51 Cholamu, 34 Chola range, 39, 65 Chroicocephalus brunicephalus, 256 Chumbi valley, 39 Chungtam, 40, 65 Chrysococeyx Hodgsoni, 142 Chrysomitris chloris, 84 spinoides, 66, 84, 170 Sennen alba, 229 A nigra, 229 Cinclus asiaticus, 48 os cashmiriensis, 48 a sordidus, 48 Cireus pallidus, 280 » Swainsoni, 213, 230 Cirrhina bata, 260 3 dero, 260 a mrigala, 260 Citrinella hortulana, 24:7 55 Huttoni, 218, 247 *Clausilia Arakana, 210 i Asaluensis, 202, 207 6 bacillum, 200, 207 on Bartletti, 205 Be bengalensis, 201 5 bulbus, 199, 206 cp ceylanica, 201 Index. 341 Clausilia cylindrica, 199, 209, 210 Bn ferruginea, 203 1 fusiformis, 203 BS Gouldiana, 208, 208 a ignota, 200 re insignis, 199, 201, 204, 208 0 Ids, 200, 210 99 Jennaarensis. 199 note op loxostoma, 202, 208 50 Masoni, 206 ee Wa monticola, 204 Runa x ovata, 206 4 Philippiana, 199, 203 + op Theobaldi, 201 3 vespa, 199, 205, 209 HA tuba, 206 * Waageni, 209 Clapea cyprinoides, 27 Cobitichthys enalios, 198 Cobitis amnicola, 174 » aneuillicaudata, 198 » arenata, 197 » balgara, 176 » Berdmorei, 175 » bifurcata, 198 » bilturio, 183 » bimucronata, 1383 > botia, 183 » butanensis, 196 », carnatica, 176 » Chlorosoma, 188 », Choirorrhynchus, 174 » cincticauda, 187 », cimnamomea, i73 » corica, 195 97 cucura, 174 my Glaat@y, Ayr », decemcirrhosus, 198 » geto, 177 » gibbosa, 197 » gongota, 174 » guntea, 174, 175 » guttata, 197 » bhymenophysa, 178 » marmorata, 194 » maya, 174 >» microps, 190 » micropus, 198 » monatonus, 193 » monoceras, 184 » montana, 192 moreh, 184 »» mysorensis, 176 » ocellata, 183 >» oculata, 174 » pangia, 173 » pavonacea, 182 », pectoralis, 198 5 phoxocheila, 189 » psammismus, 198 » vubidipinnis, 182 342 Cobitis rubripinnis, 196, 198 rupecula, 185 Rupelli, 184 sayona, 193 seaturigina, 183 semizonata, 182 spilopterus, 192 Stoliczke, 188 subfusca, 187 tenuicauda, 186 thermalis, 175 turio, 197 vittata, 194 zonalternans, 186 zonata, 187 Collocalia fuciphaga, 44 nidifica, 156 Columba Anheemadla, 248 oP leuconota, 70 Conostoma cemodium, 46 Convolvulus pluricaulis, 217 Coracias garrula, 73 9? indica, 73, 232 Corvus corax, 68 impudicns, 245 Levaillanti, 68 splendens, 69, 245 tibetanus, 68 Vaillanti, 68 Coturnix communis, 142, 250 Index. Cyprinus apiatus, 7 atpar, 19 bola, 11 bacaila, 23 barna, 13 barila, 8 bendelisis, 6 borelio, 13 cachius, 19 chedra, 6 chedrio, 8 chapalio, 8 cocsa, 6 clupeoides, 27 dancena, 20 dangila, 17 devorio, 15 goha, 11 gora, 27 hoalius, 14 laubuca, 20 phulo, 24 rerio, 3 shacra, 5 solio, i3 tileo, 10 tila, 6 vagra, 7 #*Cyprinodon Stoliczkanus, 258 Cyrtodactylus affinis, 103 a rubidus, 105 Dafila “acuta, 218, 255 Danio affinis, 17 Crocidura murina, 223 Cratzeva Roxburghii, 217 Cremnoconchus Syhadrensis, 270 Cressa cretica, 217 Crex Bailloni, 86 Crotalaria Burhia, 217 Culicipeta Burkii, 04 cantator, 163 Cuon rutilans, 225 Curruca affinis, 81 garrula, 77, 81 alburnus, 18 aurolineatus, 16 chrysops, 17 dangila, 17 devario, 15 lineatus, 3 lineolatus, 16, 18 malabaricus, 16 Cursorius gallicus, 213, 218, 250 » micronema, 18 2 Jamesoni, 213, 218, 250 » uneileherriensis, 17 Cyanecula suecica, 53 » asteographus, 18 spinosus, 15 Dendr ocygna arcuata, 255 Demigretta sacra, 254 Cantori, 262 Devario cyanotenia, 18 malayanus, 262 ” Mac’lellandi, 15 perdix, 263 Dicrurus albirictus, 213, 237 ; coerulecula, 53 Cyclophorus aquila, 263 borneensis, 263 9 porphyziticus, 263 os bhuchanga, 237 note a Pfeifferi, 264 e furcatus, 237 note 5 Pearsoni, 262 a longicaudatus, 237 note 53 quadrifilosus, 270 *Diplommatina angulata, 331 55 Siamensis, 262 es carneola, 331 Me triliratus, 270 99 exilis, 331 tuba, 264 = nana, 331 Cyclostoma Bimanum, 262 ~ olygopleuris, 333 Cyornis Jerdoni, 158, 161 5 polypleuris, 330 33 magnirostris, 158, 161 % -n Richthofeni, 331 rubiculoides, 142, 158 ry sperata, 330 39 Discognathus lamta, 259 Donkia Pass, 35 Doryura Berdmorei, 100 is Mandelliana, 101 55 Gaudama, 102 Dumeticola affinis, 78 = 5 major, 77, 142 Drymochares stellatus, 52 Drymoipus Jerdoni, 218, 240 longicaudatus, 142, 241 rufescens, 244 ob sylvaticus, 241 Electric resistance, 144 Hmberiza cia, 84 fucata, 84 x nivalis, 247 note a pusilla, 170 op Stewarti, 84 Emyda Ceylonensis, 258 a vittata, 258 Ennea bicolor, 212 note Equus onager, 228 Hrinaceus Aieypticus, 225 3) ”? 33 stnlopicus, 225 * albulus, 226 os albiventris, 226 of algirus, 225 6 auritus, 225 = brachydactylus, 225 Ay collaris, 225 ah europeeus, 226, 257 55 Grayi, 225 op libicus, 226, 228 6 megalotis, 225 es mentalis, 225 x micropus, 225 53 nudiventris, 225 5 pallidus, 225 ” pectoralis, 225 Bee pictus, 223, 257 Bs platyotis, 225 A Pruneri, 226 5 Spatangus, 225 hypomelas, 225 Erythrosterna acornaus, 159 leucura, 31, 61 maculata, 31, 159 parva, 31, 61 Estrelda amandava, 142 Hudynamys honorata, 234 “6 orientalis, 234 EKumeces Dussumieri, 124 himalayanus, 127 Be indicus, 122 Euphorbia dracunculoides, 217 6 neriifalia, 217 = thymifolia, 217 Eupodotis Edwardsii, 250 Huprepes carinatus, 118 rf macrotis, 124 53 macularius, 118 9 9) 843 Huprepes monticola, 120 multicarinatus, 129 olivaceus, 121 rufescens, 119 6 trivittatus, 119 Euspiza melanocephala, 66 © rutila, 168 Hustira ceylonensis, 21 Evolvulus alsinoides, 217 Falco babylonicus, 280 Jugger, 230 » peregrinus, 230 Felis caracal, 227 » chaus, 227 ijelbelie, 2 27 leo, 226 par ‘dus, 226 tigris, 226 Ficus pengalensis, 217 » xreligiosa, 217 Francolinus vulgaris, 249 Franklinia Buchanani, 218, 241 A Cleghorniz, 242 Fregilus graculus, 69 3 himalayanus, 69 3 pyrrhocorax, 70 Fringilla flavicollis, 247 Fringillauda nemoricola, 66, 84 Fringilllaria striolata, 24:7 Fulica atra, 86, 254 Fuligula nyroca, 86 FPulix cristata, 256 Gallicrex cristatus, 142 Gallinago scolopacinus, 252 35 solitaria, 73 6 stenura, 252 Galvanometer, differential, 144 Garo Hills, 19 Garrulus bispecularis, 70 Gazella Bennetti, 229 » Christii, 229 Gecko euttatus, 92 » Swinhoenis, 102 Gelichelidon nilotica, 256 ee) Georissa Blanfordiana, 332 * fraterna, 332 on liratula, 332 » _pyxis, 832 Rawesiana, 332 Gerbillus erythrourus, 219, 228 Geronticus papillosus, 218, 255 Glaucidium Brodiei, 155 immaculatus, 155 Glessula hastula, 334 ae Peguensis, 334 Glinus molluga, 217 Glycyspina Huttoni, 247 - hortulana, 247 Gobio bendelisis, 6 Gobius giuris, 258 Goond, 77 344 Graculus carbo, 256 5 melanognathus, 256 Graucalus Layardi, 157 Macei, 156 Grandala coelicolor, 5 Grus antigone, 218, 2 » cinerea, 218, ee *Gymnodactylus Lawder anus, 105 a maculatus, 106 35 marmor atus, 106 5 nebulosus, 106 3 pulchellus, 106 Gymnops microlepis, 90 Gymnoris flavicollis, 247 Gypaetus barbatus, 41 meridionalis, 41 Gyps bengalensis, 230 », ‘fulvus, 41 si himalayensis, Ad Halcyon fuscus, 232 smyrnensis, 232 Haliastur indus, 230 Haplochilus panchax, 259 i rubrostigma, 259 Heliotropium strigosum, 217 supinum, 217 Helicina Ar akanensis, 334 Helix cymatium, 261 » fallaciosa, 212 note x similaris, 261 Hemichelidon fuliginosa, 47, 75 siberica, 4/7, 75 *Hemiechinus albulus, 226° * y pictus, 993 Hemidactylus aurantiacus, 99 5 bengaliensis, 98 - “p Berdmorei, 100 » Coctzei, 97, 98 x fasciatus, 95 *) frenatus, 96 “ gaudama, 102 7 giganteus, 99 “ gracilis, 96 7 Karenorum, 102 Kelaartii, 97 i Leschenaulti, 97 - maculatus, 94 aK A Mandellianus, 101 ss marmoratus, 97 Be Mortoni, 97 5 Pieresi, 94 i punctatus, 96 reticulatus, 96 55 subleevis, 96 7 subtriedrus, 93 ” Sykesi, 95 triedrus, 93 Hemitragus jemlaicus, 40 Herodias alba, 229 Pp garzetta, 254, im intermedia, 254 Herpornis tyrannulus, 167 5 xantholeuca, 167 Herpestes griseus, 227 Hesperiphona icteroides, 84 Heteromorpha unicolor, 46 Hieraspiza virgata, 250 Himanotopus autumnalis, 253 5 candidus, 253 ‘5 intermedius, 218, 258 melanopterus, 223 Hinulia maculata, 86, 122, 123 5 Dussumieri, 86, 122, 124 » indica, 86, 122 Hirundo daurica, 231 5 erythropygia, 231 . filifera, 231 3 ruficeps, 231 mA rustica, 231 Homaloptera bilineata, 29 Brucei, 28 erythrorhinus, 29 maculata, 29 Hoplopterus bilobus, 251 5) Brisson, 251 0 ludoviciana, 251 i malabaricus, 251 Horeites brunneifrons, 55, 78 Bs major, 161 5 pallidus, 78 Horornis fortipes, 165 . fuliciniventer, 54 Houbara Macquenii, 218, 250 Huhua Nipalensis, 154 » pectoralis, 154 Hyeena striata, 227 Hydrochelidon indica, 86, 256 Hydrophasianus sinensis, 254 Hydrocissa affinis, 1438 *) albirostis, 1438 coronata, 143 Hymenophysa MacClellandi, 178 Hypotriorchis chicquera, 218, 230 Hystrix leucura, 228 5 superciliaris, 161 Thidorhynchus Struthersii, 72, 86 Iduna agricolensis, 242 » Calligata, 242 Inuus rhesus, 220 Tora typhia, 142, 237 » Zzeylanica, 218, 237 Irrawadi, The, 12, 22, 25 Ithagenis cruentus, 71 Ixos tristis, 142 Txulus flavicollis, 45 » Striatus, 166 Tanthia rufilata, 52, 76, 161 Japalura microlepis, 108 35 planidorsata, 108 variegata, 106 Jelep- 1a, 73 Jerdonia maculata, 179 ”? ” Kachh, Zoology of, 179 Kambajong, 39 Kashmir, 50 Kemas Hodgsonii, 59 Khasi Hills, 29, 142 Khyber Pass, The, 5 Kittacincla macroura, 14,2 Kongra Lama, 31 Labeo bogeut, 259, 318 », calbasu, 259 » nukta, 319 » ricnorhynchus, 319, 325 note. Lacerta Schneideriana, 103 Lachen valley, 47, 34: Lachting, 32 Ladak, 50 *Lagerstroemia calyculata, 307 hypoleuca, 307 Lagocheilus leporinus, 269 scissimargo, 270 * ” striolatus, 271 “. tomotrema, 269, 271 * trochoides, 270 99 Willersdorfi, 270 Lagomys badius, 35 =f Curzoniz, 35 s Hodesonii, 35 20 nipalensis, 35 e Roylei, 35 rufescens, 38 Lamteng, 32, 45 Lanius arenar ius, 236 » erythronotus, 236 », _ lahtora, 213, 235 3, lucionensis, 280 », tephronotus, 47 », Vittatus, 218, 218, 236 Larus brunicephalus, 256 Larvivora superciliaris, 159, 161 *Leea pumila, 302 Leiurus Berdmorei, 100 Lepidocephalichthys balgara, 175, 176 op thermalis, 175 Leptopoma Birmanum, 262 Lepus hybridus, 35 » pallipes, 35 » olostolus, 34 », ruficaudatus, 228 », tibetanus, 34 » tbolai, 34 » variabilis, 34 Lerva nivicola, 72 Leuciscus acinaces, 27 Sy apiatus, 7 a bacaila, 23 » branchiatus, 7 9 chrysops, 17 93 clupeoides, 27 op cocsa, 7 op cultellus, 23 54) Dussumieri, 27 43 Index. 345 Leuciscus gatensis, 10 laubuca, 20 lineolatus, 16 novacula, 23 salmoides, 11 sardinella, 25 scapellus, "24, Leucosticte hematapygia, 64, 66 Leucocerca aureola, 218, 237 *Leucomeris decoro, 317 Lillia erythropygia, 231 Limosa zgocephala, 218, 252 Lobipluvia malabarica, 251 Lobivanellus atrogularis, 251 goenis, 251 indicus, 218, 251 Lophopetalum Wallichi, 299 Lophophanes zmodius, 57 Beavani, 57 dichrous, 56 melanolophus, 58 Lophophorus Impeyanus, 71 Loriculus vernalis, 279 Loranthus hypoglancus, 309 Lygosoma Dussumieri, 124 Lymnzea acuminata, 212 note “1 amygdalus, 212 note of luteola, 212 note Macacus radiatus, 220 Machlolophus spilonotus, 167 5 xanthogenys, 167 Macrochlamys pedinus, 212 note honestus, 334: Kumahensis, 334 Macr of lossus spelzous, 334 Macrones carlio, 260 x cavasius, 323 note ‘ Lamarrii, 315 note Macropygia phasianella, 287 x rufipennis, 275, 287 Magnetic momenta, 144 Mareca punctata, 290 Megalomastoma anostoma, 268 Me sectilabrum, 286 Melania tuberculata, 212 note *Melodorum macr anthum, 291 *Memecylon elegans, 306 4 pulchrum, 307 Meregus castor, 229 Merops apiaster, 73 » quinticolor, 277 1 viridis, 2382 Merula albocincta, 49 Metoponia pusilla, 84 Microcarbo melanognathus, 256 Micronissus badius, 142, 230 Milvus zetolins, 153 affinis, 231 » govinda, 43, 78, 231 », melanotis, 43, 73, 153, 231 » major, 43, 73, 158, 23) 9 9 9 9) 346 Milvus migrans, 153 » vregalis, 153 Miliusa sclerocarpa, 291 Minla cinerea, 166 » igneotincta, 45, 58 Mirafra erythroptera, 247 Misgurnus anguillicandatus, 198 lateralis, 198 Mocoa himalayana, 127 * 4, sacra, 128 » schlegelii, 128 » sikkimensis, 126 Momay samdong, 39, 54 Mongolia, 34 *Montifringilla ruficollis, 66 nivalis, 68 *Mor AAD Leiantha, 313 cae SR Wallichii, 313 Moschus moschifera, 39 Motacilla alba, 60, 82 Me alboides, 82 + Cashmiriensis, 59, 82 ep Dukkhunensis, 61 note, 244 5 Hodgsoni, 31, 59, 82 a lugens 82 5 lugubris, 59 ss Luzoniensis, 31, 59, 82,244 ae madaraspatensis, 244 a personata, 31, 82 sueciea, 53 Muclleripicus Hodeii; 275, 279 Munia leuconota, 286 #5 malabarica, 228, 246 Muscicapa fuscedula, 75 ‘3 siberica, 75 Muscicapula sapphira, 142 Mus decumanus, 228 B5 HOSES), 34 » urbanus, 228 Mycerobas melanoxanthus, 64 Myiagra azurea, 283 Tytleri, 275, 213 Myiomela leucura, 161 Myzornis pyrrhoura, 44 Nemacheilus aureus, 180, 180 93 Blyth, 182, 196 a Beayani, 181, 193 is botia, 180, 183 be butanensis, 182, 196 = cincticauda, 187 5 chlorosoma, 181, 188 i corica, 182, 195, 325 note es Denisonii, 181, 193 s Evezardi, 180, 182 BY Griffithii, 182, 195 3 Guentheri, 182, 195 ff guttatus, 182, 197 i" ladacensis, 181, 187 " marmoratus, 182, 194 s microps, 181, 190 - monoceros, 180, 184 Index. Nemacheilus montanus, 181, 192, 327 ~ moreh, 180, 184 op mugah, 181, 191 FF notostigma, 181, 191 x pavonaceus, 180, 182 oy phoxocheila, 181, 189 a rubidipinnis, 182, 196 es rupecula, 185 of Riipelli, 180, 184 a rupicola, 180, 185 » savona, 181, 193 QP semiarmatus, 181, 186 rp semizonata, 182 6 sinuatus, 181, 188 bs serpentarius, 181, 189 Bp spilopterus, 181, 192 es Stoliczkee, 181, 188 ny striatus, 181, 190 subfusca, 181, 187 6 tenuicauda, 181, 186 on triangularis, 181, 194: i turio, 182, 197 urophthalmus, 180, 183 8 zonata, 181, 187 zonalternans, 181, 186 N emorhesdus goral, 40 = bubalinus, 40 Nemura Hodgsoni, 159 Neophron ginginianus, 230 Neodon sikkimensis, 34 Neornis flavolivacea, 170 *Nephelium Griffithianum, 303 Nitidula Hodgsoni, 159, 161 Nucifraga hemispila, 69 Numenius arquata, 229 fp pheeops, 288 Ninox affinis, 275 Nuria danrica, 260 Nycteridium himalayanum, 104: 3 platyurus, 103, 104 Hn Schneiderianum, 108 Nyctiardea nycticorax, 254 Nycticorax griseus, 86, 254 *Ochna andamanica, 295 * ,, fruticuloga, 295 Cidicnemus indicus, 251 Ophiocephalus punctatus, 258 Ophiops elegans, 89 » Beddomei, 90 P Jerdoni, 89 ae monticola, 90 9, Lheobaldi, 89 *Ophiorhiza gracilis, 311 *Opisthoporus penangensis, 265 % 6 solutus, 266 Bs sumatranus, 265 Opsarius acanthopterus, 13 6 albulus, 25 f anisocheilus, 8 5 bacaila, 23 op bicirrhatus, 4 Opsarius brachialis, 10 > canarensis, 9 > cirrhatus, 5 > dualis, 7 is fasciatus, 13 - gatensis, 10 = goha, 11 gracilis, 11 ‘py guttatus, 12 isocheilus, 7 latipinnatus, 13 leucerus, 23 maculatus, 10 Malabaricus, 10 megastomus, 11 pholicephalus, 27 piscatorius, 3 Oreocincla infra-mar. ginata, 275 Oreoczetes erythrogaster, 49 Oriocalotes minor, 110 tricar inata, 110 Oriolus andamanensis, 284, 275 chinensis, 284 coronatus, 284, Horsfieldi, 284 melanocephalus, 284 i macrurus, 284) Orissa, 8, 12, 13 Orthodomus longicaudus, 218, 240 Ortygornis ponticerianus, 249 Orygia decumbens, 217 Osmotreron chloroptera, 286 Otocompsa jocosa, 284: 3 leucotis, 218, 239 Otocoris alpestris, 63 Elwesi, 62 » longirostris, 63 » penicillata, 63 Otogyps calvus, 230 Otus vulgaris, 231 Ovis ammon, 40 » nahura, 34, 40 Paleeornis affinis, 274, 279 Alexandri, 273, 278 erythrogenys, 274, 275, 279 javanicus, 279 ”) Se maenirostris, 278 op nicobaricus, 279 5 rosa, 278 torquatus, 232 vibrisca, 279 Paludina melanostoma, 212 note as dissimilis, 212 note Pachystomus vide Barilius, 5 Pangio cinnamomea, 173 Paradanio aurolineatus, 18 elegans, 19 neilgherriensis, 17 Parus Atkinsoni, 57 » uuchalis, 218, 245 Passer domesticus, 2A ” Index. B47 Passer indicus, 81, 247 _ Pastor roseus, 246 » peguanus, 246 *Pavetta compactiflora, 315 Pavyo cristatus, 249 Pelargopsis burmanica, 277 Pelecus cultellus, 23 » diffusus, 22 e flavipinnis, 24, », Owenii, 25 *Pellorneum Mandellii, 165 ” palustre, 142 es peraffine, 165 a ruficeps, 165 55 subochraceum, 166 Tickelli, 166 Peltastes stellatus, 9517 *Pentadium Helferi, 316 Perdicula asiatica, 250 Pericrocotus andamanensis, 274, 281 s) brevirostris, 4:7 » erythropygius, 236 91 peregrinus, 236, 218, 282 by) solaris, 47 speciosus, 281 Perilampus affinis, 16 a ar adanio, 16 26 atpar, 19 5 aurolineatus, 16 > eequipinnatus, 18 99 canarensis, 18 3 ceylonensis, 21 cachius, 19 50 devario, 15 a fulvescens, 20 90 guttatus, 20 a laubuca, 20 s macropodus, 19 Bs malabaricus, 18 -) mysoricus, 18 eS osteographus, 18 a9 perseus, 20 5p psilopterus, 19 reticulatus, 17 striatus, 3 Periplaneta germanica, 211 note Peripia Cantoris, 103 . Peroni, 103 *Peychotria viridissima, elle Petrocossyphus cyaneus, 237 Phzenicopterus antiquorum, 255 Phalune, 48, 68 Phalangium graminifolium, 217 Philomachus pugnax, 252 Pholidauges leucogaster, 49 Phyllopneuste rama, 218, 242 sp rufa, 53 trochilus, 53 note Phyllorhina atra, 220 ” atrata, 220 Ri cineracea, 220 348 Phyllorhina diadema, 338 9 fulva, 220 9 larvata, 136, 220 . Masoni, 338 9 murina, 220 Nicobarensis, 338 Phylloscopus affinis, 54, 80, 81 BS lugubris, 53 i fuscatus, 32, 162 7 fuliginiventer, 54, 32 9 indicus, 54, 81, 142 33 lugubris, 32, 162 5 macnirostris, 79 35 neglectus, 162 . nitidus, 81 af pallidipes, 162 An rufus, 243 ” Schwarzi, 80 3 tenellipes, 162 s tristis; 32, 81, 162, 213, 218, 242 3 trochilus, 79, 81 5 Tytleri, 79 viridanus, 32, 79, 81 Picus andamanensis, 279 », Blanfordi, 232, 233 ¥ cathparius, Be » byperythrus, 43 9 Macei, 155 » Mmaharattensis, 232, 233 pectoralis, 279 ? ePinelodus saahS 323 note Pinipinella Parishiana, 309 Pipastes agilis, 60 ys arboreus, 60, 83, 327 - maculatus, 60, 83 5 plumatus, 60 *Pipistrellus leucotis, 222 *Pirus Karensium, 306 Planesticus atrogularis, 237 Planorbis exustus, 212 note Platacanthus agrensis, 176 maculatus, 179 Platycara australis, 28 mF maculata, 29 55 anisura, 29 Plestiodon Aldr ovandi, 121 Ploceus baya, 167, 246 P megarhynchus, 167 » philippinus, 167 Plotus melanogaster, 256 Platalea leucorodia, 255 Pnoepyga albiventer, 55 3 squamata, 55, 160 Podiceps cristatus, 229 7 minor, 218, 256 Poliornis teesa, 230 Poliozetus plumbeus, 73 humilis, 73 *Polygala cardiocarpa, 293 Karensium, 292 Index. *Polygala Vahliana, 217 Polygonum plebejum, 217 Pomatorhinus erythrogenys, 143 hypoleucos, 143 Pratincola caprata, 76, 238 5 ferrea, 31 " indica, 31, 49, 76, 238 2 4 macrorhyncha, 238 rubicola, 238 Preshytes entellus, 220 99 priamus, 220 % schistaceus, 32 Prinia cinero-capilla, 165 » gracilis, 165, 240 3, Jerdoni, 240 5) socialis, 165 », Stewarti, 165 Procarduelis nipalensis, 66 Procapra picticaudata, 39 Proparus chryszeus, 45 a vinipectus, 45 Propasser frontalis, 65 % pulcherrimus, 169 90 rhodochrous, 169 7 rhodopeplus, 169 Bs rhodochlamys, 169 © ilk, § saturatus, 65, 168, 170 thura, 65, 168 Prosopis spicigera, 217 Prostheacanthus spectabilis, 174 Pseudeutropius IOs AOE, 323 note taakree, 322 note Psendophiops bivttata, 89 note 99 Jerdoni, 89 Theobaldi, 89 *Psychotri ia calocarpa, 315 ” Helferiana, 314 ” monticola, 315 Psilobium capillare, 313 Pterocles arenarius, 249 ay exustus, 213, 249 9 fasciatus, 249 Pterocyclus parvus, 334 qe zequipinnatus, 18 Bakeri, 9 Preroone medius, 257, 223, 234 Pteruthius erythropterus, 170 Ptionoprogne concolor, 231 rupestris, 232 Ptychozoon homalocephalum, 92 Puntius vittatus, 326 *Puntius Waageni, 325 *Pupa filosa, 333 Pupina arula, 267 *) 5) aureola, 26/4 - Blanfordi, 334 Pycnonotus chysorrhoides, 218, 237 Pyctoris sinensis, 237 *Pygeum persimile, 306 *Pyramidanthe macranthum, 291 Pyrrhospiza punicea, 66 Pyrrhoplectes epauletta, 65 Pyrrhula erythaca, 65 S erythrocephala, 64: nipalensis, 65 Pyrrhulauda affinis, 248 grisea, 248 Querquedula anadamanensis, 290 crecca, 218, 255 Rallus striatus, 273, 288 Ran, The, 213 *Raphaulus pachysiphon, 329 Rasbora daniconius, 260 Recurvirostris avocetta 253 Reguloides chloronotus, 54, 162 3 erochroa, 32, 54, 163 os occipitalis, $1 53 proreeulus, 54, 81, 162 os superciliosus, 81 trochiloides, 81, 163 Rhinolophus acuminatus, 337 FA affinis, 337 Andamanensis, 3374 cornutus, 337 = Garoensis, 337 5 Iuetus, 336 = Ss Petersi, 337 * Yunanensis, 336 Risen Hardwickii, 221 Rhyacornis fuliginosa, 30 Rhyticeros plicatus, 143 Riopa albopunctata, 132 3 anguina, 130 3) Bowringi, 130 * ,, cyanella, 130 x Hardwicku, 182 punctata, 132 Ristella malabarica, 129 note » travancorica, 129 Ruticilla ceruleocephala, 50 sz erythrogastra, 51 F | frontalis, 34, 50 fuliginosa, 50 Hodgsonii, 161 leucocephala, 51 5 rufiventris, 31, 50, 240 Vigorsu, 51 Ruttun Pir, Mountain, 73 *Sabia viridissima, 304, *Salacia flavescens, 300 » grandiflora, 300 *Salomonia longiciliata, 292 Salvia zegyptiaca, 217 Sarciophorus bilobns, 218, 252 Sarcostigma edule, 298 Saxicola atrogularis, 213, 272, 259 6 capistrata, 239 * deserti, 218, 239, 218 5 isabellina, 2389 » Kingi, 239 montana, 239 Saxicola picta, 213, 218, 239 vy i) Index. 349 | Scaphiodon irregularis, 324: Watsoni, 324 Schilbe paleo, 323 Schistura aculeata, 176 balgara, 176 > montana, 192 punctata, 195 96 rupicola, 185 ” subfusca, 187 zonata, 187 * Schizochiton erandiflorum, 296 Scincus agilis, 121 note 9 aurabus, 121 ” carinatus, 121 note 99 ocellatus, 121 note » pavimentatus, 121 $9 quinque carinatus, 121 note Schneideri, 121 Seiarus palmarum, 213, 219 *Semecarpus subracemosa, 304 Senira bicolor, 122 Serilophus lunatus, 143 0 rubro-pygea, 143 Sesara Basseinensis, 339 Sibilatrix affinis, 80 Sikkim, Independent, 3, 30 Singalea range, 65 Siphia leuacomelanura, 76, 159 » strophiata, 47, 58 5 superciliaris, 159, 161 », tricolor, 142 Sitana deccanensis, 189 > minor, 108 » ponticeriana, 108 outta ceesia, 75 6 cashmir ensis, 75 » europea, 75 » himalayana, 75 3, himalayensis, 56 », leucopsis, 75 Siva strigula, 45 *§mythea calpicarpa, 301 Solanum nigrum, 217 is trilobatum, 217 Somileptes zongota, 174 Spatula clypeata, 218, 255 Spilornis bacha, 274, 275 5 Hlgini, 274 ne spilogaster, 275 Spiraculum Mastersi, 202 *Spiradichlis bifida, 310 Spizaetus andamanensis, 273 Spizalauda deva, 213, 248 ” simillima, 248 Stachyris nigriceps, 165 Statice Stocksii, 217 *Stellio Dayanus, 113 y, himalayanus, 113 »» indicus, 116 95 melanurus, 113 » platyurns, 1038 850 Index. Stellio tuberculatus, 113, 115 *Stemourus crassipes, 298 39 tomentellus, 298 Stenogyra gracilis, 212 note Sturnus nitens, 84: 39 unicolor, 84 2 vulgaris, 84, 245 Succinea crassiuscula, 212 0 semicerica 339 9 vitrea, 212 Sus indica, 228 Suya criniger, 142, 170 Sylvia aftinis, 243 » curruca, 213, 218, 243 » Jerdoni, 243 » Orphea, 243 Sylyiparus modestus, 167 Syncrossus Berdmorei, 179 Sypheotides auritus, 218, 250 Syrrhaptes tibetanus, 71 Taccocua sirkee, 234 Tachydromus Haughtonianus, 88 D japonicus, 88 “9 meridionalis; 88 9 septemtrionalis, 88 aa sexlineatus, 87 Tamarix orientalis, 217 Tamlune, 43 Tankra Pass, The, 32, 72 Tantalus leucocephalus, 255 Taphozous longimanus, 221 * Kachhensis, 221 melanopogon 336 37 99 e saccolaimus, 221 Temenuchus andamanensis, 275, 285 3 erythropygia, 285 pagodarum, 246 Tephrodornis pelvica, 156 pondiceriana, 218, 236 Terai, "Sikkim, 32 Tesia castaneo-cor. onata, 55 » xrufiventer, 55, 160 Testudo elegans, 257 Tetraogallus himalayensis, 72 tibetanus, 72, Thamnobia cambayensis, 218, 257 > fulicata, 237 Threskiornis melanocephalus, 143, 255 Tiaris Elliotti, 112 Z subcristata, 116 Tickellia Hodgsoni, 164 Tiliqua carinata, 119 op macularia, 118 o monticola, 119 x trivittata, 119 Timalia pileata, 143 Tinnunculus alaudarius, 41, 230 Tinospora nudiflora, 252 Tista valley, 47 Todiramphus collaris, 278 Totanus calidris, 253 Totanus fuseus, 253 » glottis, 253 » lypoleucos, 86 Treron chloroptera, 275 Trizenops persicus, 136 Trianthemum crystallinum, 217 decandrum, 217 Titel ben lnteoventris, 142, 164 Trichodesma indicum, 217 *Tricholepis Karensium, 318 ar richosanthes macrosiphon, 308 *Tridesmis pruniflora, 293 Tringa minuta, 229 » Temmincku, 252 Trochalopterum affine, 46 bp cacchinans, 46 ” chrysopterum, 46 Fairbanki, 46 a Jerdoni, 46 9 pheeniceum, 46 ss squamatum, 46 subunicolor, 46 *Troglodytes neglectus, 328 a uipalensis, 55, 328 Tropidosaura Jerdoni, 89 Turdus Bengalensis, 143 » chrysolaus, 143 op dissimilis, 142, 143 i hortulorum, 142 % pallens, 143 Turtur cambayensis, 213, 246 » humilis, 249, 287 9, visorius, 248 Turnix taigoor, 250 Tylognathus striolatus, 260 Unio ceruleus, 212 note », leioma, 212 note Upupa ceylonensis, 213 » epops, 44, 75 » nigripennis, 235 Urocissa flavirostris, 70 Uromastix Hardwickii, 227 Uromitus filifera, 231 *Urophyllum biloculare, 313 Urrua bengalensis, 231 Ursus isabellinus, 33 » labiatus, 226 », tibetanus, 33 Uvaria sclerocarpa, 291 Vahlia viscosa, 217 *Vangueria pubescens, 314: Vernonia cinerea, 217 Vesperus pachypus, 336 Vespertilio Blanfordi, 33 *Vitis assimilis, 302 9, Ccampylocarpa 302 », erythroclada, 301 », Wallichii, 302 Vulpes bengalensis, 228 » Havescens, 33 », leucopus, 228 Yuhina gularis, 44: 3 9, Occipitalis, 44 Yungipicus pygmeeus, 156 Yunx torquilla, 74 andia glomerulata, 310 *Zollingeria macrocarpa, 303 ae Scabra, 310 Zoothera monticola, 49, 142 horamphus superciliaris, 17 Zosterops simplex, 157 matang, 41, 47 ” palpebrosus, 158 *Jodes Brandisii, 298 ERRATA. Page 55, line 9 from below for Sesia read Tesia. » 219, , 9 ,, above for ruficaudus read ruficaudatus. nin Our th es, Asiatic society ool 4 . KEM “0h