Bibliothequ© botanique EMILE BURNAT ('ataloi|u<' \" IJ\n'> |)i"(>\t'iiiiiil (Ic |;i hil)li()tli(''(|ii(' l»()t,'iiii(|ii(' .ITmileBurnati l8:2X-l<)-20), iiisrivs ciKxiohir ll)-20 (Ijiiis hi liil)li()lli('((ii(' (III roiisci'Naloire hotmiiqiie de , , 2 7 x,r. p^try. THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY BEITISH AND FOBEIGN. JAMES BEITTEN, F.L.S., British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington new YOU* POTANICAI VOL. XXVII. QAKUtitH ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. 18 8 9. xjr LONLiON : WEST, NEWBIAN AND CO., PRINTERS, 54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C. CONTRIBUTORS TO THE PRESENT VOLUME. C. C. Babington, M.A., F.R.S. J. E. Bagnall, A.L.S. J. G. Bakee, F.R.S. G. Barrett-Hamilton. R. H. Beddome, F.L.S. W. H. Beeby, A.L.S. John Benbow, F.L.S. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S. L. A. Boodle, F.L.S. G. S. Boulger, F.L.S. R. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S. T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S. James Britten, F.L.S. B. Carrington, M.D., F.L.S. W.CAERUTHERs,F.R.S.,Pres.L.S. C. B. Cl-irke, M.A., F.L.S. D. Dewar. George Dowker, F.G.S. G. C. Druce, M.A., F.L.S. • W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., F.R.S. P. EwiNG. T. B. Flower, F.L.S. Alfred Fryer. H. D. Geld ART. F. J. George. Antony Gepp, M.A., F.L.S. L. S. Glascot. Henry Groves. James Groves, F.L.S. F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S. Rev. G. Henslow, M.A., F.L.S. B. Daydon Jackson, Sgc.L.S. J. R. Jackson, A.L.S. Thomas Kirk, F.L.S. E. F. Linton, M.A. W. R. Linton, M.A. James Mc Andrew. David McArdle. E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S. Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. J. CoSxMO Melvill, M.A., F.L.S. C. B. Moffat, B.A. A. G. More. G. R. M. Murray, F.L.S. R. P. Murray, M.A., F.L.S. Percy W. Myles, B.A., F.L.S. W. H. Painter. W. H. Pearson. William Philipps. W. MoYLE Rogers, F.L.S. R. A. RoLFE, A.L.S. F. C. S. Roper, F.L.S. J. Sargeaunt. James Saunders. Reginald W. Scully, F.L.S. Richard Spruce, Ph.D. Augustus Steuaet. Frederic Stratton, F.L.S. F. P. Thompson. H. S. Thompson. R. F. Thompson. R. F. Towndeow. Frederic Townsend, M.P., M.A., F.L.S. Henry Trimen, M.B., F.R.S. Arthur W. Wayman. William West, F.L.S. F. Buchanan White, M.D., J. W. White, F.L.S. William Whitwell. F.N. Williams, F.L.S. J. W. Williams. C. H. Wright. Directions to Binder. Tabs. 286 & 287 . . . . to face page 65 „ 288 &. 289 97 Tab. 290 „ 225 ,,291 „ 289 ,,292 353 Or all may be placed together at the end of the volume. PEW YORfc BOTANICAL UAKOtiN THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH AND FOREIGN. NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. By J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S. DiOSCOREACE.E. Dioscorea Burchellii, n. sp. — Stems slender, widely twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole ^-^ in. long; blade simple, ovate-lanceolate, sliallowly cordate at the base, always entire, 1-2 in. long, moderately firm in textm-e, bright green, triplinerved. Male flowers in lax subspicate racemes 1-2 in. long, with a slender straight glabrous axis ; pedicels very short, subtended by a minute ovate-lanceolate bract. Perianth campanulate, l-12th in. long; tube very short ; segments oblong, obtuse. Stamens 6 ; filamenl,s incurved, longer than the globose anthers. Rudimentary ovary globose. Female flowers and fruit unknown. Hab. South central district, Burchell 5728 ! Kathery, Hutton ! Kaffraria, Mrs. Barber S Mr. J. H. Barber ! D. (Helmia) malifolia, n. sp. — Stems slender, twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate ; petiole |-1 in. long ; blade simple, entire, broad- ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, 1-2 in. long and broad, moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, minutely mucronate, 5-nerved from the base to the apex. Male flowers in copious lax fascicled racemes 2-3 in. long, with a flexuose or straight glabrous rachis ; pedicels short, ascending ; bracts ovate-acummate, minute. Perianth glabrous, 1-lGth to l-12th in. long; tube short; segments oblong, obtuse. Fertile stamens 6, much shorter than the perianth-segments. Female flowers in lax racemes 4-6 in. long. Ovary cylindrical-triquetrous, glabrous, ^ in. long. Capsule obovate-triquetrous, emarginate, an inch long. Seeds with a large basal wing. Hab. NsitaX, Sanderson 232 \ Gerrard U4t\ Cooper S2i7 1 Wood 753 ! Kaftraria, Dre^/e 4500 ! D. (Helmia) Mundtii, n. sp. — Stems very slender, wide-twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole V-l in. long; blade simple, Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [Jan., 1889.] b 2 NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. entire, ovate, deeply cordate at the base, 2-3 in. long, mucronate, membranous, glalDrous, triplinerved. Male flowers in lax fascicled simple racemes 3-4 in. long, with a straight glabrous axis; pedicels short, subtended by a pair of minute ovate-acuminate bracts. Perianth infundibuliform, glabrous, l-12th in. long; segments oblanceolate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 6, nearly as long as the perianth-segments. Female flowers also in lax simple racemes. Capsule oblong-triquetrous, glabrous, 1^ in. long, f in. broad. Seeds winged at the base only. Teschidinaria nemorwn Mundt, Exsic. Hab. Central district, Miuult ! Dretje 8559 ! D. undatiloba, n. sp. — Stems very slender, wide-twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate ; petiole about an inch long ; blade cordate- deltoid, membranous, glabrous, bright green, 2-3 in. broad, not so long, palmately 7-lobed more than half-way down to the petiole, the central lobe the longest, conspicuously mucronate, repand-pinnatifid, triplinerved from base to apex, the two lobes on each side of it also repand, obliquely truncate at the apex, the four others shorter and not lobed. Male flowers in lax simple racemes 1-2 in. long ; pedicels nearly as long as the flowers, each subtended by an ovate-lanceolate bract. Perianth campanulate, ^ in. long ; segments ovate, acute. Female flowers in lax spikes 3-4 in. long. Ovary clavate, glabrous, J in. long. Female perianth campanulate; segments ovate-lanceolate. Fruit not seen. Hab. Natal, Gerrard 1617 ! D. Forbesii, n. sp. — Stems slender, wide-twining, shortly pubescent. Leaves alternate ; petiole ^-1 in. long ; blade digitately compound; leaflets 5, sessile, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, distinctly mucronate, moderately firm in texture. Male flowers in shortly-peduncled geminate spikes with a slender very hairy rachis. Perianth campanulate, densely villose, l-12th in. long, subtended by an ovate-lanceolate acuminate bract a little shorter than the flower. Fertile stamens 6 ; filaments very short ; anthers globose. Eudimentary style very short. Female flowers and capsule not seen. Hab. Delagoa Bay, Forbes 1 D. Tysoni, n. sp. — Stems slender, wide-climbing, glabrous. Leaves alternate ; petiole 1^-2 in. long ; leaflets 5, stalked, obovate- oblong, membranous, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, conspicuously mucro- nate. Male flowers in 2-4-nate lax simple nearly sessile racemes 1-2 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in. long, with no bract at the base, but bearing a minute bracteole just beneath the flower; rachis obscurely adpresso-pubescent. Perianth campanulate, ^ in. long, with a short tube and oblong segments. Hab. Griqua-land, near Fort Donald, Tyson 1646 ! (Herb. Bolus). HYPOXmEJE. Hypoxis (Ianthe) ScuUyi, n. sp. — Corm globose, ^ in. diam. Leaves very thin, linear, membranous, 6-9 in. long, ^-^ in. broad at the middle, distinctly distantly nerved. Pedicels 3-4 to a corm, slender, glabrous, 1-flowered, 3-4 in. long. Ovary clavate, glabrous, ^ in. long. Expanded limb of perianth bright yellow, an inch in NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. 3 diameter ; segments oblong-lanceolate, |-f in. long. Stamens half as long as the segments. Hab. Namaqua-land, Scully ! Received very lately from Mr. Scott Elliott. H. (EuHYPoxis) Woodii, n. sp. — Corm obhque-oblong, crowned with a ring of slender fibres. Leaves about 6, linear or lanceolate, thin in texture, with slender ribs, quite glabrous on both faces and margin, the longest at the flowering time about a foot long, ^-^ in. broad. Peduncle slender, slightly hairy, 4-5 in. long ; flowers 2-3, corymbose ; pedicels ^-1 in. long ; bracts linear-setaceous. Perianth- limb ^-^ in. long; segments oblong, acute, yellow, the outer hairy on the back. Stamens half as long as the perianth -segments. Stigmas concrete. Hab. Natal; Inanda, Wood 426a! H. (EuHYPoxis) acuminata, n. sp. — Corm not seen. Leavea 6-8, erect, linear, not rigid, loosely hairy all over, 12-15 in. long, ^ in. broad low down, tapering gradually to the acuminate apex. Peduncles single, weak, villose, 6-8 in. long; flowers 2-4, sub- racemose ; lower pedicels ^— ^ in. long ; bracts small, linear- subulate. Ovary obconic, densely villose, ^ in. long. Perianth- limb f-| in. long ; segments oblong-lanceolate, yellow, the outer densely villose on the back. Anthers lanceolate-sagittate, versatile, ^ in. long. Stigmas concrete. Capsule turbinate, villose, ^ in. long. Hab. Natal ; Inanda, Wood 1847 ! H. (EuHYPoxis) colchicifolia, n. sp. — Corm globose, 2 in. diam., crowned with bristles. Leaves 6-8, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, moderately firm in texture, strongly ribbed, rather glaucous, quite glabrous on both surfaces and margin, the longest at the flowering time 6-8 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Peduncle slender, much shorter than the leaves; flowers 8-4, corymbose; pedicels ^-1 in. long ; bracts linear. Ovary obconic, hairy, | in. long. Perianth-limb ^-^ in. long ; segments oblong, yellow, the outer green and hairy on the back. Stamens half as long as the perianth-segments ; anthers lanceolate, ^ in. long ; filaments shorter. Stigmas concrete. Hab. Described from a plant flowered by Mr. Wm. Bull in 1884. Exact locality not known. H. (EuHYPoxis) oligotricha, n. sp. — Corm not seen. Leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, subcoriaceous, strongly ribbed, 15-18 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad at the middle. Peducles ancipitous, glabrous, 6-8 in. long. Flowers 10-15 in a lax raceme 8-4 in. long; lower pedicels J-|- in. long; bracts linear, -^^-l in. long. Ovary globose, nearly glabrous, ^ in. long and broad. Perianth- limb -^-f in. long ; segments oblong-lanceolate, the outer with a few scattered adpressed hairs on the back. Anthers lanceolate, ^ in. long. Stigmas concrete. Hab. Natal; coast of Lianda, Wood 11701 Vellosie^. Vellosia villosa, n. sp. — Fruticose, with woody branches an inch thick, coated with many sheaths of parallel hairy wiry fibres. B 2 4 PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. Leaves linear-subulate, falcate, rigidly coriaceous, 4-6 in. long, densely clothed throughout with short spreading w^hitish hairs. Peduncle villose, 3-4 ni. long. Ovary turbinate, densely villose, ^ in. long. Perianth-limb li in. long; segments lanceolate, whitish, the outer villose on the back. Anthers linear, i in. long. Style cylindrical, as long as the anthers. Hab. Transvaal ; Hontbosh, liehmann 5792 ! V. humilis, n. sp. — Herbaceous, acaulescent, with a tuft of strong wiry root-fibres. Eosettes of leaves densely caespitose, surrounded by a dense mass of sheaths, composed of matted parallel drab wiry fibres -l-f in. long. Leaves linear, falcate, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous," strongly ribbed, 1-2 in. long. Peduncle very slender, 1-2 in. long, rough with glands. Ovary obconic, l-12th in. long and broad. Perianth-limb ^ in. long; segments oblong- lanceolate, the outer green and glabrous on the back. Anthers linear, nearly as long as the perianth-segments. Hab. Banks of the Ampages River, Burhe 122 ! Transvaal, Ixev. W. Grernstockl Boshveld, between Eland's River and Klippan, llehmann 5133 1 Also Mozambique, Sir John Kirk ! PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. By G. Barrett- Hamilton and L. S. Glascott. The i^lants mentioned in the following list have been found in the counties of Wexford, Waterford, and Kilkenny, for the most part during the years 1887 and 1888. New Ross is situated near the head of the tidal portion of the Barrow, where this river divides the counties of Wexford and Kilkenny. Alderton and Kilmanock both lie lower down the river, and are on the east (or Wexford) bank of the estuary, about six or eight miles from the sea. The term " Pill" is locally applied to the brackish creeks, through which small streams discharge themselves into the estuary. The letter D after a name indicates that the plant is new to District 2, 3, or 4 of the ' Cybele Hibernica.' We are much indebted to Mr. A. G. More for his kindness in looking at nearly all the plants mentioned in the list, and also for looking over the list itself; indeed, had it not been for his help, this list w^ould never have appeared. L^ THE County of Wexford. Ixdmuicnlus c^nosiis Guss. In a ditch, Alderton (L. S. G.). — B. 'triehoii/ti/lht.H Chaix. D 4. In the marsh-drains near " The Cause- way," Kilmokea (L. S. G.). — li. Lintjua L. Knockie Bog (G. B.-H.). Frequent in drains and boggy places about Alderton (L. S. G.). — 11. ]iarvijiorm L. A troublesome weed in the garden at Alderton ; also in a field overhanging the river near Piltown Stage, and near the " Island Quay" (L, S. G.). PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. 5 Papaver Argemone L. In a high field by the river near Piltown Stage (L. S. G".). Sinains alha L. On a fence at Priest Haggard, and in several places on "The Island," near Cheek Point (L. S. G.). Cochlearia anglica L. Near the New Bridge, Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Abundant along the sides of " The Pill" near Alder- ton ; near Killowen, by the river, and on Fisherstown Marsh-bank (L. S. G.). Lejndiuin Sniithii Hook. Frequent (G. B.-H.). Frequent on fences, especially by the river (L. S. G.). Pohj(iala depressa Wend. D 4. Frequent in heathy places (L. S. G.). Arenaria trinerda L. At the foot of a tree, Alderton (L. S. G.). Malua moscliata L. Not uncommon about Kilmanock ; a variety "with xclilte flow^ers grows near the river at Dunbrody Park (G. B.-H.). Frequent in the neighbourhood of Alderton (L. S. G.). — M. rotundi- folia L. Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). \Lavatera arhorea L. D 4. On the rocks at Duncanuou Fort, but, as it is cultivated in cottage gardens, it may be an escape (G.B.-H.). Geranium columbinum L. In a lane not far from Campile (G. B.-H.). On a fence by the road on Maddox Hill, near White- church (L. S. G.). Krodiiun moschatum L'Herit. Koadside at Duncannon (G. B.-H.). Linuiii angustifolium Huds. In a field at Glendine, Arthurs- town ; at Fethard ; one plant by a corn-field on " The Island," near Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Plentiful in a light grass-field on Maddox Hill, near Whitechurch, and on the brow of a hill by the river (L. S. G.). Trifulium fragiferum L. Fisherstown Marsh (L. S. G.). Lotus cornicuiatus var. tenuis L. D 4. By the border of a grass- field close to Alderton House (L. S. G.). Pyrus Aria Sm. One tree on the '* Cliff," Kilmanock; one on the embankment ; also at Alderton, by the road (possibly planted in the last locality), (G.B.-H.). Spergularia rupestris Lebel. Hook Head (G. B.-H.). Arthurs- town (L. S. G.). \ Pastinaca sativa L. By a fence on the hill near Piltown Stage ; also on a fence at the " Island Quay," near Cheek Point (L. S. G.). Caucalis nodosa Scop. On a field-fence near Piltown Stage (L. S. G.). Piubia peregrina L. Duncannon and Nook [G. B.-H.). The cliffs about Arthur stown (L. S. G.). Valenanella Auricula DC. D 4. Near the village of Nook (G. B.-H.). — V. dentata All. Frequent by road-sides and in corn- fields about Alderton (L. S. G.). Common at Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Pipsacus sglvestris L. Common (G. B.-H. & L. S. G.). \Tanacetum vulgare L. In several i)laces near the Hook, and Fethard, but always by the road- sides ; also at Nook, near the village. If an escape, it is well estabhshcd (G. B.-H.). Bally hack Hill (L. S. G.). 6 PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. Carlina vulgaris L. Dunbrody Park, near the river (G. B.-H.). Centaurea Scabiosa L. In many places in the neighbourhood of Kilmanock, where it is probably sown with the corn (G. B.-H.). Frequent in corn-fields and on fences (L. S. G.). "^'Cichorium Intijhus L. Well established in two fields at Grange Hill, on the road between Kilmanock and Arthurstown; in this locality it has been observed for many years, and is spreading. One plant in a field near Duncannon ; also at Fethard (G. B.-H.). in an old orchard, Alderton (L. S. G.). Helmintha echioides Juss. Plentiful in a field between Ballinlaw Ferry and the " Island Quay " (L. S. G.). Echium vuhjare L. In a field at Glendine, Arthurstown (G. B.-H.). In a field on Maddox Hill, near Whitechurch (L. S. G.). Orobanche minor Sutt. Pretty common in the neighbourhood of Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Clover-fields about Alderton (L. S. G.). Linaria Elatlne Mill. Abundant in corn-fields about Alderton, and in one instance clothing the entire field with a thick green carpet; also on fences by roadsides in many places (L. S. G.). Calamintha Clinopodium Benth. In two localities : a patch near Kilmanock, on the road to Arthurstown, where it has been observed for some years, and is spreading ; 2ndly, a small patch at Curragh- more cross-roads, near Tintern, observed this year (G. B.-H.). — C. officinalis Moench. Plentiful by the river- side near the *' Island Quay" (L. S. G.). SciiteUana minor L. The marsh under Killowen House (L. S. G.). Stachys arvensis L. Common (L. S. G. & G. B.-H.). Anagallis arvensis var. ccerulea L. D 4. Li a pathway through a corn-field, Alderton (L. S. G.). liumex Hydrolapathum Huds. Common in the Lickerstown and Kilmanock drains (G. B.-H.). Fisherstown drains (L. S. G.). Euphorbia portlandica L. Between Kilmanock and Nook (G. B.-H.). — E. exigua L. Common, especially in corn-fields (L. S. G.). Koad between Kilmanock and Nook (G. B.-H.). Orchis pyramidalis L. Frequent in pastures, and by the river (L. S. G.). Ophrtjs apifera Huds. A few plants above the New Bridge, Kilmanock, near the Hme-kilns (G. B. H.). Abundant on grass- banks near Piltown Stage, and near Alderton House (L. S. G.). Spiranthes autumnalis Rich. Two plants appeared on the lawn at Kilmanock last year ; but the grass has been cut this year, and they have not reappeared (G. B.-H.). Frequent in the neighbour- hood of Alderton (L. S. G.). Allium vineale L. Grass-banks near Piltown Stage (L. S. G ). In the hedges by two fields at Kilmanock, about twenty plants (G.B.-H.). Lemna trisulca L. In the pond at Alderton (L. S. G.). Ekocharis uni(flumis Link., and E. multicaulis Sm. At the mouth of the " Pill," Alderton (L. S. G.). Scirpus Savii Seb. & Maur. Wood above Glenwater Bay, Dun- brody Park (G.B.-H.). By the side of the "Pill," Alderton (L. S.G.). PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. Carex divisa Huds. D 4. By the New Bridge, near Dunbrody Abbey ; by the Causeway, Fisherstowu ; on a bit of waste ground by the road- side near the " Pill," Alderton ; in a lane at the back of the marshes near Killowen House (L. S. G.). — G. vulpina L. Common (Gr. B.-H.). Common about Alderton (L. S. G.). — C. divulsa Good. By the stream in the wood above Glenwater Bay, Dunbrody Park (G. B.-H.). — C. exteusa Goode. Marsh near Killowen (L. S. G.). [Obs. Carex Bdnninghaminiana, recorded in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 348, was a mistake: the plant having been identified from imperfect specimens, proves to be a sterile form of C. remota (G. B.-H.).] Trisetum fiavescens L. Common (L. S. G.). Poa aquatica L. By the side of a stream, Alderton, and near — P. distans L. D 4. By the road-side near ; a large patch at the entrance to the Bally- G.). The Island, near Cheek Point (L. S. G.). Huds. In many places near Kilmanock Killowen (L. S. G.) the "Pill," Alderton varna marshes (L. S. Bromus sterilis L. Hordeum pratense (G. B.-H.). Frequent in marshes by the river (L. S. G.). *Alopecurus agrestis L. D 4. In two fields, and in a wooded glen at Alderton (L. S. G.). In the County of Kilkenny. The following species were observed by G. Barrett-Hamilton at and above Ballinlaw Ferry during a walk up the Eiver Barrow for about a mile and a half. Those marked D 3 are new to District 3 of the ' Cybele Hibernica' : — Rammculus seel era tiis L. Sagina nodosa E. Meyer. Hypericum calycinum L. Vicia angustifolia Roth. Spergularia salina Presl. Dipsacus sylvestris L. Aster Tripolium L. D 3. Centaurea Scahiosa L. Carduus temdJJorus Curt. Stachys arvensis L. Verbena officinalis L. Glaux maritima L. D 3. Samolus Valerandi L. Statice hahusiensis Fries. Armeria maritima Willd. D 3. Plantago Coronopus L. D 3. D 3. P. maritima L. D 3. Salicornia herbacea L. D 3. Scirpus maritimus L. S. Tabernamoyitani Gmel. D 8. S, savii Seb. & Maur. D 3. Carex vulpina L. C. exteusa Good. D 3. Poa maritima Wahlb. D 8. Festuca sciuroides Roth. D 8. Hordeum pratense Huds. D 3. In the County of Waterford, found by L. S. Glascott. Ranunculus Lingua L. Common in streams and drains about Blenheim, near Waterford. Aquilegia vulgaris L. Frequent on fences and by road-sides about Blenheim. Cochlearia anglica L. D 2. Abundant in the creeks about Blenheim, and on the shores opposite Waterford city. Geranium }iyrenaicum. L. On a fence by the road near Passage. iFceiticuhuu officinale All. On a fence near the Dunmore crobs- 8 NOTES ON POND WE EDS. roads ; in a stream between Ballinakill Church and Blenheim Hill ; at the foot of a Hill near Creaden Head. XPastinaca sativa L. By a wall facing the sea at Passage. Dipsacus sylvestris L. Frequent throughout the county. *Crejns taraxacifoUa Thuill. D 2. Four or five plants of this species were growing by the side of the Avenue at Blenheim. Lithospermum officinale L. Fields about Blenheim. Calamhitha officinalis Moench. Boad-sides near Passage and Ballinamona. Hordeum pratense Huds. The marsh under Blenheim Hill. [Note. — Verhascum Blattaria L. and Bronnis madritensis L. were gathered on a strip of waste ground at the Waterford Traraore Bailway-station, where, no doubt, they were recently introduced.] NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. By Alfred Fryer. Potamogeton coriaceus mihi. (P. luceus var. coriaceus Nolte). — Stems sprmging from a tuberous rootstock, 1-4 ft, long, stout, round, much branched from the base, or simple below in strong shoots produced late in the season. Lower branches permanently submerged ; upper branches ultimately ascending to the surface and spreading into numerous branchlets, each of which is terminated by coriaceous fioatiny leaves, which, from the shortness of the uj)per internodes of the stem, often grow in the form of a rosette. Leaves at the base of the stem often reduced to phyllodes, succeeded by one or two which have a thickened midrib slightly winged, and are bodkin-pointed ; ordinary submerged leaves stalked or sessile, mem- branous, with numerous longitudinal ribs connected by transverse veins, which are often very conspicuous ; entire, without spinous denticidations, usually fiat or very slightly undulated, sometimes longitudinally folded and recurved, oblong or obovate, abruptly narrowed into a blunt, somewhat concave mucro, often gradually narrowed to the base so as to become clavate in outline, more rarely lanceolate, or elliptical and acuminate. Upper leaves coriaceous, all stalked; lamina 1^-3 in. long by 1-1-^ in. broad, always greatly exceeding the petiole, w^th the slender midrib bordered on each side by elongate chain-like areolations, forming a narrow band of thinner texture than the opaque body of the leaf, with 8-10 trails- lucent lateral ribs on each side, 2-3 of which are more conspicuous than the rest or translucent and of the same texture as the submerged leaves ; obovate, or roundish, or clavate, rarely elliptical, somewhat abruptly narrowed into the short convex tip. Stipules herbaceous, large, blunt, slightly winged on the back, with numerous anastomosing longitudinal veins. Flower-spikes usually terminal, stout, cylindrical, dense, 1^ in. long. Peduncle very stout, swollen upwards, slightly curved at the time of flowering, but usually straight and erect in fruit. Drupelets rather small in proportion to NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. 9 the size of the plant ; inner margin nearly straight, terminated by the short beak ; outer margin semicircular, with an acute, almost winged keel, from which the lateral ridges are rather distant, projecting at right angles from the base of the fruit. Colour of the whole plant bright green, or brownish green, usually drying darker. P. curiaceiis is closely allied to P. Zizii, from which, however, it is readily separable in its typical state by the densely-coriaceous floating leaves, which resemble those of P. heterupJujIlus in texture, and which are obovate, oblun/j, or orbicular, not elliptical, as in Zizii. The whole of the foliage, too, is usually flatter, and the lower leaves have no denticulations, and are rarely crenulate when dry ; they are also more coarsely reticulate, resembling in this respect those of P. lucens. The fruit is more acutely keeled, and with the sides much flatter than that of P. Zizii. From P. lucens the coriaceous floating leaves sufiQciently distinguish it ; I think we may now safely assume that lucens never produces coriaceous leaves ; the specimens distributed by Dr. Bos well from Kinghorn Loch, Fife, certainly are a form of P. Zizii, and it is highly probable that some such form has in all instances furnished the reputed " /i/c^-^zs with coriaceous leaves." P. coriaceus in some states may be mistaken for P. heterophyllus, but it differs in the lamina of the coriaceous leaves always greatly exceeding the petiole in length, by the much larger lower leaves, and by the great mass of the foliage rising to the surface of the water ; although, as in P. Zizii, some of the lower branches always remain submerged. P. coriaceus seems almost equally allied to Zizii, lucens, and heterophyllus, states of all three of which it at times closely resembles ; another remarkable resemblance — remarkable because there is no alliance — remains to be noticed : when growing in very shallow water, or exposed to the air on mud, it so closely simulates the "land form" of P. itlayitafjineus as to be barely distinguishable. As it is here sought for the first time to establish P. coriaceus as a species, the following synonymy is given : — Potamoqeton lucens var. lacustre Thore, * Cliloris des Landes,' p. 46, 1803 (or 1798?). Mr. Bennett tells me that Nolte, in his herbarium, quotes the above synonym for his P. lucens var. coriaceus, and so I repeat it here ; but, from There's description, " Feuilles parfaiteinent ellip- tiques'' and "nerveures tres-saillantes,'" I do not think it represents our plant, but very well agrees with Dr. Boswell's ''lucens with floating leaves,'' which I am unable, on the evidence of the poor specimens I have seen, to place under coriaceus. P. lucens ^. coriaceus Nolte, in Kohling's * Deutschlands Flora,' p. 850, 1823. — This is the first pubhcation of Nolte's plant, who sent named specimens, gathered in 1821, to the editors, Merteus and Koch. Subsequently Nolte himself published his plant in his 'NoviticTB Florae Holsaticae,' 1828, p. 21, footnote (a copy of which, by the kindness of my ever-helpful friend, Mr. Bennett, I am able to give): — " Hanc quoque speciem florescentem cum coriaceis foliis natantibus sestate a. 1821 reperi, nomincque Potamogeton lucentis 10 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. coriacei notatum mense Martio a. 1822, cum Cel. Profesaore Mertens commuuicavi. Post inserta est Mertens et Koch, Flor, Germ, i., p. 850." Fries, * Novitiae Florae Suecicfe,' ed. 2, 1828, p. 84 :— "P. lucens y. amphibius, anomalus, foliis natantibus chartaceis ovalibus brevissime petiolatis Scaniae lectus." Fries quotes Mertens and Koch, ' Deutschlands Flora,' and his description well agrees ■with Nolte's plant. Reichenbach, • Icones,' vol. vii. p. 23, 1845, gives an excellent account of this plant under "P. Incem var. ^. coriaceus Nolte," and a very good figure on tab. 37. Following Nolte, he quotes Thore's lucens-lacustre as a synonym. Dr. H. Trimen, in his admirable paper on P. Zizii (' Journal of Botany,' Oct. 1879), amongst the synonyms of that species, doubt- fully quotes Nolte's coriaceus, and says : — " Reichenbach has given an excellent figure in the * Icones,' t. 37, drawn from an authentic specimen, and well agreeing with one in the Museum herbarium, gathered by Nolte in 1821, at Schalisch, in Lauenberg It is, I think, rightly referred to luceiis in a wide sense, but is not quite Zizii ; nor does it agree completely with the lucem with floating leaves from Kinghorn Loch, Fife, collected by Mr. Bos well (Syme). Some British botanists would certainly call it heterophyllus.'' In July, 1885, I found P. coriaceus at Welches' Dam, near Chatteris, and, seeing it did not well agree with any local form of P. Zizii, I sent a specimen to Mr. Arthur Bennett, who subsequently published a short note on it in the 'Journal of Botany' for 1886. In this note Mr. Bennett agrees with me in considering P. Zizii to be its nearest ally. This was the first publication of the plant as a British species. The species which have already been separated from the old Linnean P. lucens are so crowded with varieties that I think most workers at the genus will welcome an attempt to lessen the number by further specific segregation. P. coriaceus certainly does not come nearer to P. Zizii than that species does to P. lucens, so that in proposing its specific segregation I am merely following a generally- accepted precedent. We have here, as in Zizii, a form that in its typical state is recognisable at a glance, and to which Dr. Trimen's observations on that species may well apply: — '• Probably the arrangement most in accordance with Nature, how- ever, is that followed by Chamisso and Schlechtendal in their monograph of the genus published in 1827 (' Linnaea,' ii., p. 201), where P. Zizii is accorded equal rank with P. lucens and P. hetero- phyllus, all being regarded as sub-species of one super-species, P. Froteus C. & S." At present, however, I prefer to class all such forms as species, leaving the final settlement of their rank to the time when the whole genus shall be better known. Probably P. coriaceus will be found widely spread over the British Isles, although I have seen no specimens that I can refer with certainty to it, besides those I gathered in 1885, and more abundantly in the present season. 11 HEPATIC.^ OF WICKLOW. By David McArdle. In the latter part of 1887 and in the present year I paid four visits to Altadore Glen, Co. Wicklow, in search of Hepaticce. The distance from Bray is about nine miles ; the route is through the most beautiful and picturesque part of the county. It is a pretty, wooded glen, divided by a stream on which are several cascades on the wet rocks ; at one we gathered the rare Dumortiera, which grows luxuriantly, and on the trunks of decayed trees and on moist stones Lejeunea jiava Swartz is plentiful. The occurrence of these two plants, which have such an interesting geographical distri- bution, is a true indication of the genial moist atmosphere they enjoy, similar to that in which they are found in South America and in Java, and which makes many parts of Ireland so rich in this interesting family of plants. The appended list is provisional only, and is by no means intended as complete. The principal object in writing it is with the hope that some person interested in Liverworts and other Cryptogams may be induced to visit that interesting part of the Co. Wicklow. * indicates an addition to the Flora of the district. Marchantia polymorpha L. ; Eng. Bot. t. 100. Dumortiera irrigua Nees. Lunularia cruciata L., Dumort. Frullania HutchinsicB Hook. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 1 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2480. F. dilatata L. ; Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 8. Lejeunea serpyllifolia (Mich., Dicks.), Libert. *L. patens Lindberg ; Moore, Irish Hepat. pi. 48. L. serpyllifolia var. ovata Nees. ,, var. translucida Spruce MSS. *L. ftava Swartz. L. Moorei Lindberg ; Moore, Irish Hepat. pi. 44. Radula complanata L., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 81. Cephalozia bicuspidata L., Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 11. *C curvifolia Dicks., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 16. *C. connivens Dicks., Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 15. Lophocolea bidentata L., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 80. *L. heterophylla Schrad. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 31. Although I have followed many good authorities in placing this in the rank of a species, we find it approximates so closely to the foregoing that it is difficult sometimes to separate one from the other. It is un- common in Ireland ; reported from the south and west. I have not gathered it before. L. spicata Taylor; Cooke, Brit. Hepat. p. 15, pi. 118. One of the most beautiful of the genus, and a scarce plant in Britain. It was collected in the same glen by the late Dr. Moore in 1873. I found it in patches on the trunks of trees which have fallen and decayed, not mixed with any other species of liverwort, as it is generally found in other localities. 12 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. Kantia Triclwmanis Dicks. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 79. Fla(/iochHa asplenoides L., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 13. P. spinulosa Dicks., Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 14. *Blasia pusiUa L. ; Jung. Blasia ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 82-81. Pellia epiplnjlla Dill., Racldi ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 47. Metzgeria furcata h., Dumort.; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 55-56. *M. co7tjiif/((t(( Dill., Lindb. Mouogr. No. 7 ; Bisch. Handb. Bot. Term. t. 50,' fig. 275 c; Dill. Hist. Muse. t. 74, fig. 45. liiccardia multijida Dill., L. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 45. NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. By THE Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, F.L.S. The part of Hants to which these notes refer is the south-west corner, extending from Bournemouth to Lyndhurst, and comprising Districts I. to III. of Mr. Townsend's ' Flora of Hampshire.' The localities given are of course, as a rule, additional to those found in that work, and in most cases are of interest only as first records for one or other of the districts named, so filling some of the minor gaps in the Flora. These first records for the districts are marked by an asterisk attached to the numerals L, II., or III. immediately before the localities. General remarks as to frequency refer only to this south-west corner of Hants. The observations date from September, 1885, to the present time, and I am myself responsible for most of the localities given, Mr. T. R. Archer Briggs having supplied the rest while staying with me at Bournemouth. I am much indebted to him (as so often before) for ready help in determining the Rubi, on some of which I have also had the benefit of Prof. Babington's and Dr. Focke's opinions. Ranunculus Lenormandi F. Schultz. I. Ditches, Sopley Common, abundant; some of it very like R. intermedins Knaf. — R. auricomns L. I.* Bournemouth West, under bushes in a garden-border. Denizen? Fapaver duhium L. I. About Bournemouth, in several places. Fumaria confnsa Jord. II.* Mudeford. Ihirbarea precox R. Br. I.-^- About Bournemouth. III. (1) Sway. Milton. Card amine liirsutalj . I.* Bournemouth. II.* Christchurch, &c. — C. Jiexnosa With. I.* Bournemouth. Camelina sativa Crantz. I. By railroad, Bournemouth West. Casual, 1888. Rrassica Rapa L., c. Brit/i/sii H. C. Wats. P. Cultivated and waste ground between Wick and Hengistbury Head ; abundant. — JJ. alba Boiss. I. Wick. II. Newtown. Senehiera didyma Pers. I.* Bournemouth ; garden- weed. Thlaspi arvense L. I. Bourne Valley. III. (1) Sway. Tecsdalia nudicaulis R. Br. I. Turbar}^ Common. Viola Reichmbachiana Bor. I.* Bournemouth West. — V. lactea NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. 13 Sm. I.* Heaths and commoos all round Bournemouth, in great quantity ; a few of the plants just like those which I received from Watson as his var. intermedia. II.* Border of Chewton Common. HI. (1) Border of Forest, near Lyndhurst Road. PoUjfjala oxyptera Reichb. I.'^- By the sea at Boscombe and Southbourne. III. (1)* Near Lyndhurst Road. Silene Cucubalus Wibe., b. yuhenda Syme. I.''^' West Cliff, Bournemouth. Sopley Common. Cerastium semidecaitdnun L. I. West Cliff, Bournemouth. — C. arvense L. I. By the Bourne. On the heath near Bournemouth Cemetery. ScKjina ciliata Fr. Very common. — S. subulata Presl. III. (1) Milton. — S. iiodosa'Ei. Mey. I."^ Sopley Common. III. (1) Marshy meadow, Sway. Hypericum duhium Leers. III. (1) Near Sway; apparently rare. Ononis repens L. I. Near Hengistbury. III. (1)* Milton. Tn'yoneUa j'urpurascens Lam. I. West Cliff Moor, Bournemouth. II. Chewton Common. Trifolium glomeratum L. II. Chewton Common. — T. hyhridum. L. I."^' About Bournemouth. Pokesdown. III. (I) Milton. Sway. Plainly increasing. Lotus hispidus Desf. II. Christchurch, near railway- station ; abundant, 1888. ViciatetraspermalslcBnQh. II.* Hinton. III. (1) Sway. Milton. — F. sepium L. I.* Wick. Paihus suherectus Anders. II. Highcliffe. — R. Jissus Lindl. and it. iiitidusV^. &N.t III. (1)"' Brockenhurst. — Var. hamulosus P. J. Miill.t III. (1)* Lyndhurst Road; locally abundant. — " R. divari- catus P. J. MuelL, a form of the nitidus group." Thus Dr. Focke names a beautiful plant that I found last summer between Hinton and Highcliffe in Dist. II.* — R. cordifolius Genev. (non Focke ).f I.* Wood east of Hern Station, in plenty; also one of the nitidus group, I should say. — R. affinisyV. & 1^. Rare. I.* Bournemouth West Cliff, near Middle Chine, for a short distance. — R. Lindleianus Lees. Fairly frequent. Near Brockenhurst, III. (1),* I have also found what Mr. Briggs has pronounced " quite satisfactory" speci- mens of the Devon rhamnifolian referred to in his ' Flora of Plymouth ' as allied to Lindleianus. This, in Dr. Focke's opinion, resembles very much the continental Pl. hifrons Vest., though he declines to give a positive determination. — R. rhamnifolius W. & N. and R. rusticanus Merc. Common. — R. leucostachys Sm. Fairly common. I. Pokesdown. II. Highchffe. III. (1) Milton. Sway. Brocken- hurst. Lyndhurst Road. — it. calvatm Blox. One of the commonest and best-marked Rubi throughout the district, and especially about Bournemouth, where it is exceptionally luxuriant, and has more hooked prickles than usual. IL* Hinton, &c. — it. villicaulis Koehl. L* Bournemouth, West CHff. III. (1) Milton.— ZZ. Maassii Focke ? I. Bournemouth, West Cliff, in several places. IIL (1) Sway. This is certainly the plant which we in England used to call umhrosiis t Name given or confirmed l>y Prof. C. C. Babington. 14 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. Arrli. ; but I do not know whether Dr. Focke would name it Maassii. It seems less common in Hants and Dorset than in Devon. -- Fi. macrophijUus W. & N. Certainly uncommon. II. Hinton. High- cliffe. III. (1) Lyndhurst Road. — A'. mucro/mi/ritain (Phyt. v. 194), Mr. Hambrough states that it " produces its flowers in Jane." With regard to the fli-st appearance of the NOTICES OF BOOKS. 25 plant in autumn, Dr. Bromfield states, under his account of Arum viaciddtuni, in the Isle of Wight, " I have even remarked them springing up at the close of autumn at Bonchurch" ('Flora Vectensis,' p. 527, footnote) ; and on the 28th Sept., 1874, I added the following note : — " This was, no doubt, A. italicwn, which has been showing in my garden for some days." In 1872, the earliest date noted was 29th Sept., 1872; in 1871, the 4fch Oct. The bright red fruit of A. italicum often remains a conspicuous object in my garden far into the winter, and contrasts well with the dark green leaves. Arum maculatum does grow at Steephill, but I have never seen any plants which at all suggested the idea of their being hybrids between A. maciilatam smd A. italicum. In Mr. Hambrough's account in the ' Phytologist,' to which I have referred, there is a curious misprint in his description of the fruit, the word " buds " being twice given instead of " seeds." — Frederic Stratton. PoTAMOGETON PERFOLiATus L., var. EicHARDsoxXii. — When lately contrasting the North American forms of this species with the European, I found that Dr. Eobbins' "var. hmceolatus,'' Gray's • Manual N. U. States,' 1868, is pre-occupied by the "var. lanceo- latus,'" of Blytt, in Norge's 'Flora,' 1861. I propose to name Dr. Bobbins' plant " var. Fuchardsonii,'' after the Arctic explorer. Dr. Eichardson, who seems to have been the first to point out the difference from the European forms in the ' Appendix' (Botany) to Franklin's Expedition.' Gay, in his herbarium at Kew, names specimens as "var. lanceolatus,'' but I cannot find that he published the name ; if so, it would antedate both Blytt's and Bobbins', dating as it does from 1813. In 1887, Le Grand published a "var. lanceolatus,'' in PI. Nouv. Dep. Cher. Bourges. p. 17 ; but this name, of course, is inadmissible, and I have not seen specimens. In 1881, I referred specimens gathered by Mr. Brotherston, in Scot- land, to Bobbins' var. ; but since that time I have seen a very fine series of the American plant, and it certainly is not it, but comes near to Blytt's, along with which specimens from W. Sutherland (Mr. F. Miller) may be placed. Of Gay's plant I have seen specimens from Prussia (E. Straker) ; Saxony (Prof. Willkomm) ; and Landsberg, Bavaria (^Herb. Shuttleworth ex herb. Mus. Brit.). — Arthur Bennett. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Les Plantes Fossiles. Par B. Eenault. Paris, Bailliere : Svo, pp. 400 ; 53 cuts. Price 3 fr. 50 c. Oritjine PaUontologique des Arhres. Par Le Marquis G. de Saporta. Paris, Bailliere : Svo, pp. 360, 44 cuts. Price 3 fr. 50 c. These two volumes are among the latest additions to the scientific library published by the enterprising firm of Bailliere and Sons. The authors of the volumes are men who have dis- tinguished themselves by their researches in fossil botany ; Eenault by his labours among the plant remains of the pal£eozoic rocks, and De Saporta among those of the secondary and nure 26 NOTICES OF BOOKS. recent formations. In the little volumes before us, each deals with his own special subject, and produces a work of more importance than one would look for in a popular series of three-shilling volumes. Although the title of Renault's volume is general, it really deals with some of the chief forms of plant-life found in Carboniferous rocks. Chapters are devoted to an enquiry into the conditions under which plants are preserved in the rocks, and the methods of preparing them for minute examination; and after expounding the various forms with which he deals, he enquires into the value of these plants in determining the nature of the climate when they lived, the age of the strata in which they are imbedded, and the light they throw on the theory of evolution. Renault has done so much for these early plants, that it is im- possible to read his work without adding to one's knowledge ; and yet one is everywhere reminded how dangerous it is to be governed by liistoric views in any investigation. The interpretations of Calamudeiulron and SiniUaria by the illustrious Brongniart, singularly cautious and philosophic considering the materials at his disposal, have been completely modified by the abundant and varied material which has been examined in more recent years. Yet Renault adheres to the old views, and employs great ingenuity in defending them. In the Carboniferous Flora there are, as every one allows, representatives of three great divisions of the vascular cryptogams — the Horsetails, Club-mosses, and Ferns. The Horse- tails are represented by large, jointed and branching plants with whorls of leaves and long slender corms. One set of stems in- creased by a secondary exogenous growth of scalariform tissue, and these Renault separates as Gymnosperms, though the fruits of the two groups present no differences that can be detected. The figures he gives of the fruits of his cryptogamic Annularia and his gymnospermous Arthropitus and Cal(imode)idron might be trans- posed without injury. Of course he calls the contents of the one microspores and of the other pollen, but this is a necessity of his interpretation, and would not be accepted by any unbiassed student of the cones. The triple spores correspond, he believes, with the pollen-grains discovered in the pollen-chamber of several gymnospermous fruits, and so confirm the view he takes. The same difficulty presents itself in his treatment of Siyillana. The secondary growth in the stem is contrasted with the structure of an imperfect stem of Lppidodendron, and the latter genus is classed among the Lycopodiacetr., while the former is reckoned a gym- nosperm. The more perfect specimens of the stems of both genera show that histologically and structurally both stems agree, and the as yot rare indications of fruit in Sitjilhiria present the same kind of spores as are better known in Lepidodendron. No doubt the stems of these paheozoic E(jui.sct(iccperianf( Luclw., sp. n.). — A. Y. Grevillius, ' Ueber deu Ban des Stammes bei einigeu lokalen Formen von Pohfjonum aviculare.' — (No. 50). E. von Wettstein, * Notiz betreffend die Verbreitung der Larchenkranklieit.' — (Nos. 51_52). — C. 0. Harz, ' Ueber Bergwerkspilze.' But. Gazette (Nov.). — E. L. Gregory, 'Development of cork- ■wings on certain trees' (1 plate). — F. L. Scribuer, 'Notes on Aiulropof/oii.'' — J. Schenk, ' On inflorescence of Callitriclie.' — J. Donnell Smith, Ranhnda ^jarrf//or«, Cale?(//. Torrey But. Club (Dec). — A. Hollick, 'A recent discovery of Hybrid Oaks on Staten Island' (3 plates). — F. S. Collins, ' Algns from Atlantic City, N. J.' — J. F. James, ' Notes on Development of Corj/nites Curtissii' (1 plate). — T. Meelian, ' The bract in Tilia.' — E. E. Sterns, The "bulblets" oi Lycopodium lucid a I ma. Flora (^OY. 21). — A. Hansgirg, ' Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Algengattungen Eatocladia Beinke ' (1 plate). — J. Miiller, ' lievisio Lichenum Eschweileriauorum.' — (Dec). J. Velenovsky, ' Zur Deutung der Fruchtschuppe der Abietineen ' (1 plate). — J. Miiller, *Lichenologische Beitriige.' Gardeners' Chronicle (Dec 8). — TAlium Henryi Baker, n. sp. — Disa lacera var. viultifida N. E. Br. (fig. 93). — (Dec. 15). Catasctum Garncttiamun Bolfe, sp. n. — (Dec. 29). Aloe l.oiiyijiora Baker, Flcurothallifi jnnictalata Bolfc, spp. nn. ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 31 Journal tie Botaniqiie (Dec. 1). — P. A. Dangearcl, ' La sexualite chez qiielques Algues inferieures.' — P. Maury, ' Cyperacees de I'Ecuador et de la Nouvelle-Grenade' (Rhynchospora luuiicifoliay sp. n.). — (Dec. 15). P. van Tiegliem, ' Hydroleucites et grains d'aleiirone.' — G. Lagerlieira, ' Sur un genre nouveau de Cliytridi- acees' [Olpldiella). — Boudier & Patouillard, Hydnangium mono- sporum, Helvella Barlw, spp. nn. Jouni. Linn. Soc. (xxiii. : Nos. 156-7 : Dec. 29). — F. B. Forbes & W. B. Hemsley, Flora of China [Composite : Vernonia esculenta, Aster alatipes, A. Fordii, A. Henryi, A. limosus, A. Oldhami, A. procerus, Pluchea? pteropoda (t. 11), Leontopodivm sinense (t. 12), Carpesium minus (t. 13), Senecio Faheri, S. Hennji, S. Jcuuesii, Saussurea lamprocarpa, S. microcephala Franchet, Ainslima glabra (t. 14), A. ramosa, Crepis heterophyUa, C. longipes, C. prenanthoides, Faheria (gen. nov.) sinensis, Lactuca elata, L. triflora, Frenanthes Faherii, spp. nn., all of Hemsley. — (xxiv. : No. 161 : Dec. 8). C. B. Clarke, Fanicwn supervacuum, sp. n. — Id. & J. G. Baker, 'Ferns of Northern India' {Alsophila sikJcimensis, sp. n.). — G. E. Post, ' Diagnoses Plantarum No varum Orientalium ' [Hesperis aintahica^ Malcomia auranitica, M. zachlensis, ^Fthioonema longistylum, JE. gileadense, Dianthus auraniticus, Silene Porteri, Linum rigidissimum, Medicago Shepardi, Trifolium Candollei, T. alsadanii, Astragalus trachoniticus, Bupleurum Boissieri, B. antiocJiiuni, Pimpinella depait- perata, Scaligeria capillifolia, Carum brachyactis, C. nudum, Chcero- phyllum oligocarpum, Ferulago Amani, F. Blancheana, F. auranitica^ Johrenia Porteri, Daucus jordanicus, Galium cymulosum, G. lanngi- nosum, Asperula dissitiflora, Erigeron setiferum, Achillea Shepardi, Cirsium Amani, Centaurea Doddsii, C. trachonitica, Campanula AmasicB, Anchusa Shattuckii, Trichodesma Boissieri, Verbascum Bar- beyi, V. gileadense, V.qulebicum, Celsia Berneti, Scrophularia gileadense, Salvia ]mrpurascens, Xepeta trachonitica, N. Shepardi, Teucrium auraniticum, Alopecurus involucratus, sp^D. nn.). — S. G. Shattock, • On the Scars occurring on stem of Dammara robusta' (1 plate). — E. A. L. Baiters, 'Three new Marine Algae' [Fctocarpus Holmesii, Pit yl litis filiform is, Pudfsia spongiocarpa : 1 plate). — W. Fream, ♦ The Flora of Water-meadows.' — E. G. Baker, 'A new species of Cytinus (C. Baroni), from Madagascar, constituting a new section (BothryocytiuKs) of that genus ' (1 plate). Journ. Royal Microscopical Soc. — J. Kattray, ' Revision of the genus Auliscus, &c.' (5 plates: Isodiscus, gen. nov.). Magyar ydrenyiani Lapok (Nov. : No. 133).— A. Richter, *Ada- tok a Veportegyseg es Fabova hegycsoport florajjinak ismeretehez.' Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (Dec). — A. Hehnerl, ' Beitrag zur nieder- osterreichischen Pilz-Flora.' — B. Blocki, Potcntilla Andrzejouskii, gp. n. — L. Simonkai, Achillea tana ceti folia. — K. Vandas, Zur Flora von Siid-Hercegovina. — A. F. Entleutner, Anlangen von Meraii. — V. V. Borbas, ' Formen des Bromus erectus.' — F. Koclek, ' Bildungs abweichungen an Paris quadrifiMa.' — E. Form.'inek, Flora von Bosnien. 82 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. December 20, 1888. —Mr. W. Carrutliers, F.R.S., President, in the chair. The Rev. G. E. Post was elected a Fellow.— Mr. Clement Reid exhibited fruit of the hornbeam from the pre glacial forest bed at Pakefield, near Norwich, and not previously recorded as occurring iu any British deposit. — Mr. T. Christy exhibited a collection received from Java, of hairs from the base of various ferns, notably Cibotiwn Cumint/ii, and a species, as supposed, of Vickaouia, used as a styptic for staunching blood. Professor Stewart, in pointing out that the use of similar material for a like i)^^i'pose in China was well known to surgeons, took occasion to explain the nature of the so-called "lamb of Tartary," on which an inst.iuctive little volume had been published by the late Mr. Henry Lee, F.L.S. — Mr. D. Morris remarked that the use of "fern-hairs" was also known as a styptic in South America, whence specimens had been forwarded to the herbarium at Kew. — A paper was then read by Mr. D. Morris "On the Characteristics of Plants included under Enjthroxijlon Coca, Lamarck," with a description of a new variety which he proposed to name, from its origin, E. novo-granatense. He pointed out that the well-known coca-^Dlant had been noticed by botanists and travellers for the last 30.0 years, and that although Clusius was generally regarded as the earliest writer on it, he had been anticipated by Nicholas Monardes, in his ' Historia Medicinal,* published at Seville, in 1580, and translated by Clusius, who printed it in a condensed form in his ' Exoticorum libri decern,' in 1605. The plant was first described as a species by Lamarck, in the * Encjxlopedie Methodique,' in 1786, from specimens brought by De Jussieu from Peru. Until lately the leaves had been used merely as a nervous stimulant, like opium in China, and betel in the East Indies ; but had latterly come into prominence as the source of cocaine, a valuable alkaloid possessmg anesthetic pro- perties in contact with the mucous membrane. There were several climatic forms more or less distinct, and after describing the typical plant Mr. Morris pointed out the characters by which E. noro- yrawitoise might be distinguished. — Mr. Spencer Moore contributed a paper on Ajiioci/stis, which he regarded as a Volvocinea. The ciliated form was described, and it was show^n that its zoospores may sometimes escape as caenobia, like a degenerate Vulvociiiea which has exchanged the motile for the fixed condition; the sexual cells being zoogametes, its nffinity is rather with Vandorinem than with oogamous Vulvocen. The paper was criticised by Mr. A. W. Bennett and Professor Marshall Ward, who, while testifying to the importance of the investigation, expressed the hope that no changes would be made in classification until further examination had been made of some of the stages at a critical period of deve- lopment.— Mr. George Murray gave his support to the views expressed by Mr. Moore. 33 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. y By Alfred Fryer. Potamogeton varians Morong in Herb. ined. — Stem springing from a tuberous rootstock, slender, usually simple below, with a few branches above the middle, not divided into secondary branchlets ; or in shallow water with a few branches fi'om the base, each springing from the axil of a persistent leaf, and then rarely with very short secondary branchlets. Leaves varying from narrowly Imear-lanceolate membranous, to oblong obovate spathulate or orbicular coriaceous. Lowest submerged leaves reduced to phyllodes, or narrowly linear-lanceolate, bodkin-pointed ; ordinary submerged leaves sessile or stalked, narrowly lanceolate, attenuated towards each end, or spatlmlate oblong, or obtuse mucronate, fiat and ascending, or rarely folded and recurved. Floating leaves alternate, obovate, oblong, spathulate or orbicular, coriaceous, rarely membranous, long-stalked, belonging to the barren state of the j^Zan^, and never du'ectly sustaining the flower-spike. Stipules narrow, slender, herbaceous, persistent, blunt, or contracted into a short mucro when dry, not becoming greatly enlarged on the upper part of the stem, nor cymbiform, to support the inflorescence. Peduncles lateral, not necessarily subtended by opposite coriaceous leaves, but usually springing from the stem opj^osite a membranous leaf, resembling the submerged leaves in shape and structure, or rarely opposite a stipule only, very rarely opposite a coriaceous leaf; slightly thicker than the stem, not swollen upwards, as long as the oi^posite leaf : 2-8 in. Fruiting- spike |-1 in. long, rather slender, not dense; drupelets small, flattened and impressed at the sides, nearly circular in outline, with a short subcentral beak; central keel acute, almost n-inged; lateral ridges prominent. Colour of the whole plant, reddish green, or light green, drying darker ; the lower part of the stem and young shoots sometimes bright red. P. varians is a plant of diffuse growth, usually but little branched, with slender stems from 6 to 18 in. long. It has few permanently submerged branches, the mass of vegetation ultimately rising and floating on or near the surface of the water. When growing in shallow, reedy ditches, its upper branches are often lilted out of water, and continue to grow in the air. It is also remarkable for its ability to grow, when forsaken by the water, on the grassy bottoms of ditches as dry as an ordinary meadow. Under these conditions it forms little tufts of leaves in the axil of each stipule along the stem, which continue to grow fully exposed to the air and sunshine. The already-formed submerged leaves on the branches that grow under water do not die, but become coriaceous, so as to better withstand the effects of heat and drought. Some of the leaves produced under these circumstances are remarkable for being membranous and transparent, like those of P. ^jiZrt?jf«. A. Boyd.— A. B.] Tab. 2559. — " * AspidiiDii angulare' ad specimen in insula Christ- ianse lectum deliueatum, est A. aculeatum (L.) Sw. [A. angulare Kit.) quod nomen a Linn?eo jam datum servari debet. Prteterea a botauicis Brittanicis nomine A. angularis alia forma designatur, quae in Dania desideratur." [True angulare is rare in Britain ; NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC. 41 most specimens so called are really lobatimi with squarer cutting than usual. — A. B.] Potentilla arenaria Borkh. — *' Haec planta, observante cl. Kerner et pi. autt., non est P. cinerea Chaix, quae modo in Alpibus et quidem rarissime occurrit, sed P. arenaria Borkh. (Fl. Wett. ii. p. 248) in Europa media haud rara. Synonymon P. incana Moench huic respondet, dum vero P. incana Lam. est alia species, foliis trifoliatis diversa, quare illud nomen pro nostra adhiberi nequit. In FJ. Dan. tab. 2540 huic affinis P. verna L. depicta est. Nonnulli (v. c. Kerner) contendunt, hoc nomen ad P. maculatiun Pourr. spectare, et negari non potest, plures characteres et synonyma cum hac convenire, sed tam loca natalia a Linnso P. vernce ad- scripta (' in pratis siccioribus et campis frequentissime ') quam tempus florendi ('floret cum Tulipa et Anemone nemorosa') minime cum P. maciilata, sed optime cum P. verna nostra conveniunt. Haec autem sine dubio est species collectiva 2 species affines includens, ita ut nomen ^quo jure in utramque applicari potest, cum autem P. maculata aestate floreat, huic nomen ' vernae, parum appropriatum videtur. Neque opinioni cl. Kerneri assentior, Linnaeo P. opacam nostram ignotam fuisse et P. opacam Linnaei esse P. vernam nostram, nam descriptio P. opaca L.' caulibus filiformibus, foliis radicali- bus 5-9 foliolis compositis magis villosis ' etc. longe melius P. opacm nostrae quam P. vernm convenit.'" [Altering the names (that is, practically interchanging them), as advocated by some Scandinavian authors, would seem rather to add to the difficulty than to solve it. —A. B.] '* Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. (Bess. Fl. Podol. 1822) est nomen serius datum quam T. Corniculatum (Kit. sub Leontoil. in Scholt. Oesterr. Fl. 1814) et huic igitur postponendum aliud synonymon est Leontodon ohliqiius Fr. Nov. fl. Suec. ed. i. 1814). Et nomen Kitaibelii quoque praeferendum, quia e charactere facile discernendo, appendice enim corniformi squamarum periclinii, sumtum est, dum color acheniorum minime constans saepe enim fusco-cinereus (nee rufus) est." Tab. 2643. — " Avena elatior f. typica, sic appellata, etsi rarissime observatur, quia flores spicularum magis quam in forma communi completae sunt, omnes nempe ? aristatae, cum in vulgari flos in- ferior (^ aristata, superior vero 5 mutica. Haec forma igitur pro- bat, distinctionem inter Avenam et Arrhenatherum esse artificialem, utpote charactere haud constante fundatam." ** (Tab. 2663). Lapjm intermedia Lge. (sub Arctio, 1843). — Hoc nomen haud servari potest, cum jam antea sub 2 aliis nominibus descripta est ; L. macrosperma Wallr. (Linnaea, 1840, p. 639) et L. nemorosa Lej. (sub Arctio, Fl. Belg. 3, p. 129, 1836). Nomine igitur primum dato L. nemorosa (Lej.) Korn. erit appellanda, tanto magis quia etiam apud nos semper in silvis occurrit. De synonymia conf. ceterum Kornicke (Schr. phys.-oekon. Gesellsch, z. Kcinigsberg, 1864, p. 63, 1867, p. 14) et Lange (Bot. Tidskr. v. p. 292). Quid sit Arctium nemorosum a Babington (Man. ed 7, p. 197) ab A. intermedio (A. puhens Bab.) specifice distinctum, conjicere nequeo." [Dr. Lange seems to consider the two plants he formerly separated 42 NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. only as forms of one, one being the woodland plant, the other of open ground. — A. B.] *' (Tab. 2703). Scirpus bifoHus Wallr. habitu et rationibus quibusdam biologicis, non autem characteribus e flore fructuque sumtis differt e S. riifo Huds., quare hujus subspecies potius quam species distincta esse videtur. In Dania paucis modo locis occurrit et ubique rara esse videtur. Semina matura non legi, quare an constans sit, cultura probare non potui." [Undoubtedly this has a very different appearance from Scirpus [Blysmus) rufus ; the difference seems really only varietal, not subspecific, but that is, of course, a matter of opinion. — A. B.] Tab. 2791. — " ZannichelUa macrostemon J. Gay h«c tabula in- scripta est. Nomeu Z. jmlustris L. CoUectivum est, et postquam plures species distinct^ sunt, baud servari potest. Distinctio a. b. J. Gay facta inter formam staminibus brevibus {brachystemon) et longioribus (macrostemon) secundum observationes a cl. P. Nielsen factas nota baud constante fundata est, cum species macro- et brachystemones promiscue occurrent, quare idem nomen Z. marincB proposuit (Bot. Tidskr. v. p. 204) cujus forma vulgaris est haec nostra, antheris 4-locularibus instructa cum alia forma [intermedia Nielsen) antheris 2-locularibus distinguetur." (Tab. 3008-9). — " Formse 2 Plantaginis lanceolatm tarn inter se quam a speciei typo divergentes in his tabulis repraesentantur, altera (var. depressa Rostr.) in insulis faeroeensibus lecta, glabra, foliis latis, scapis crassis, profunde sulcatis, decumbentibus, altera (v. eriophi/Ua Dene.) ad littora BornholmiaB et alibi obvia, foliis angustioribus dense lanatis, scapis gracilibus distincta." NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FEOM CAPE COLONY. By J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Continued from p. 4.) LlLIACE^. ASPARAGE^. Asparagus Saundersiae, n. sp. — Stems slender, sarmentose, woody, terete, stramineous, glabrous ; prickles small, spreading, pungent ; branchlets spreading or ascending, very slender, acutely angled, not zigzag. Cladodia 3-4-nate, subterete, rigid, ascending, about ^ in. long, rounded on the back, flat or rather channelled on the face. Piacemes spreading from the main woody branches, lax, about an inch long ; pedicels very slender, solitary, articulated above the middle, the lower ^ in. long ; bracts minute, ovate, white. Perianth l-12th in. long ; segments oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, spreading horizontally. Stamens nearly as long as the perianth ; anthers globose, very minute. Ovary pedicellate ; style very short. Hab. Natal, Mrs. Katherine Saimdersl Near A. racemosus Willd. NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. 43 A. myriocladus, n. sp. — Main stem woody, terete, suberect, many-ribbed ; prickles slender, pungent, deflexed ; branchlets short, crowded, very slender, strongly angled, simple, ascending. Phyllocladia 3-8-nate, linear, rigid, mucronate, Jin. long. Kacemes lax, about an inch long, produced from the woody main stems ; pedicels l-12th to l-8th in. long, articulated at the middle; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Perianth l-12th in. long ; segments obtuse. Stamens nearly as long as the perianth ; anthers minute, globose. Hab. Natal ; Inanda, Wood 355 ! Near A. (BtJiiopicus. Aloine^e. Kniphofia Northiae, n. sp. — Stem produced above the surface of the ground, 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 30-40 in a dense rosette, lanceolate-acuminate, glaucous, broadly channelled down the face, not acutely ribbed on the back, the outer 4-5 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at the base, tapering gradually to a long point, distinctly serrulate on the margin, the inner leaves of the rosette growing gradually narrower and shorter. Peduncle elongated, above an inch thick. Eaceme very dense, above a foot long, 3-4 in. diam. ; bracts ovate, scariose, those just below the base of the raceme ^-^ in. long; pedicels short ; all the lower flowers pale yellow, only the upper flushed towards the tip with red. Perianth cylindrical, an inch long; segments small, ovate. Stamens about as long as the perianth. Style a little exserted. Hab. Grahamstown. Described from a drawing in the North gallery, and a living plant in the Cactus-house at Kew, presented by Miss North, which has not yet flowered. We are informed by Mr. Tidmarsh that it was discovered by Mr. W. Dugmore. Of the spe- cies already known it is most like K. caulescens Baker (Bot. Mag. t. 5946), but the leaves are much broader, the perianth much larger, and the stamens not exserted. K. modesta, n. sp. — Leaves linear, rigid, li ft. long, l-12th to l-8th in. broad, acutely keeled on the back. Peduncle slender, as long as the leaves ; empty bracts lanceolate. Eaceme dense, sub- spicate, subsecund, 3-6 in. long ; pedicels very short ; bracts lanceolate, ^-^ in. long. Perianth cylindrical, yellow, ^ in. long ; segments ovate. Anthers oblong, finally just exserted. Hab. Griqua-land east ; sides of Mount Currie, at Koksted, alt. 6000 ft., Tyson 1418 ! Near K. hrevifiora Harv. K. Tysoni, n. sp. — Leaves linear, 3-4 ft. long, f in. broad at the base, tapering gradually to a long point, acutely keeled on the back. Peduncle as long as the leaves. Eaceme very dense, i ft. long, 2|- in. diam. including the stamens ; pedicels very short ; bracts oblong, obtuse, ^ in. long. Perianth red-yellow, f in. long, ^ in. diam. at the throat; segments semiorbicular. Stamens exserted, |— ^ in. Hab. East Griqua-land, on the Zuurberg, alt. 4000 ft., Tyson 1709 ! Between K. pumila and sarmentosa. Gasteria radulosa, n. sp. — Acaulescent. Leafy stem l-lf in. long. Leaves about 6, distichous, lorate-ensiform, 6-8 m. long, 1\ in. broad, flexible in texture, flat on the face, dull green, ^ in. 44 NEW PETALOID MONOOOTyLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. thick in the middle, rounded to a cusp at the apex, dentate on the edge upwards, the spots of the face crowded, small, whitish, slightl}^ raised. Flowers unknown. Hab. Described from a living plant in the Kew collection in 1885, received from Berlin. Near G. subvernicosa Haw. G. transvaalensiSj Hort. De Smet. — Acaulescent. Eosette distichous or slightly oblique. Leafy stem short. Leaves about 8, lorate, dark green, rather glossy, 4-5 in. long, an inch broad, J in. thick in the centre, the face not excavated, the border not thickened, but toothed towards the white Jiorny deltoid-cuspidate apex ; spots greenish- white, immersed, aggregated into transverse bands. Flowers unknown. Hab. Transvaal. Described from a living plant in the Kew collection in 1885. Allied to G. nigricans Haw. Aloe leptophylla, N. E. Brown in Herb. Kew. — Stem short, simple, 1^-2 in. diam. below the rosette of leaves. Leaves 12-20, lanceolate, 9-12 in. long, 2-3 in. broad low down, tapering gradually from the middle to the point, ^ in. thick in the middle, green or tinged with purple, distinctly lineate with copious linear- oblong whitish blotches ; marginal prickles deltoid, ^ in. long. Peduncle simple, \^ ft. long. Eaceme dense, capitate, about 3 in. long and broad ; pedicels 1-1-| in. long ; bracts small, lanceolate- deltoid, acuminate. Perianth 1:^ in. long; segments much shorter than the cjdindrical tube. Stamens as long as the perianth. Hab. Eastern provinces, introduced into cultivation by Cooper about 1860. May be the imperfectly-described A. tenuifoUa Lam. Encyc. i. 8. It differs from A. Saponaria and A. latifolia by its thinner very flexible leaves. A. Brownii, n. sp. — Stem short, simple below the rather lax rosette of leaves, 2-3 in. diam. Leaves lanceolate, about a foot and a half long, 3-4 in. broad low down, neither spotted nor striped, \ in. thick in the middle, flat on the face in the lower third, narrowed gradually from the middle to the pungent tip, margined with close deltoid-cuspidate brown-tipped prickles ^-^ in. long. Peduncle stout, simple, above a foot long, with many ovate empty bracts. Eaceme dense, simple, 4-8 in. long ; pedicels |-f in. long; bracts ovate-oblong, nearly as long as the pedicels. Perianth bright red-yellow, cylindrical, 1-1:^ in. long, cut down very nearly to the base. Stamens slightly exserted. Style exserted ^ in. A. nohilis var. demifoUa Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 172. Hab. Eastern provinces. Described from a living plant that flowered at Kew in 1885. Apicra turgida, n. sp. — Leafy stem 6-9 in. long, 2-2^ in. diam. (leaves included). Leaves arranged in five spirally- twisted rows, deltoid, an inch long, f in. broad, smooth on the face, scabrous on the margin, quite free from spots or tubercles, the lower spreading, dull green, turgid on the face, rounded on the back, 1-^ in. thick in the middle, the upper pale green, with several indistinct vertical ribs of darker green, flat on the face. Flowers unknown. Hab. Albany, Hutton ! Introduced into cultivation in 1872. Near A. deltoidea Baker (Bot. Mag. t. 6071). BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 45 Haworthia columnaris, n. sp. — Leafy stem short. Eosette 3 in. diam. Leaves about 30, multifarious, obovate-cuneate, all ascending, not recurved, |-1 in. long, ^ in. broad, ^ in. thick, minutely cuspidate, dull green, pellucid towards the apex for a quarter of an inch, with greenish brown vertical lines, the margin furnished with minute lanceolate or lanceolate-deltoid deflexed or spreading pellucid teeth. Peduncle simple, ^ ft. long. Kaceme simple, nearly a foot long; lower pedicels short; bracts lanceolate- deltoid, ^-^ in. long. Perianth f in. long ; limb half as long as the tube. Hab. Described from a living plant in the Kew collection that flowered in 1884, received from Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter. Belongs to the group DenticulatcB, near H. affiiiis and hilineata. (To be continued.) BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND lEISH BOTANISTS. By James Britten, F.L.S., and Gr. S. Boulger, F.L.S. (Continued from p. 21). Gourlie, Robert (d. 1832 ?) : d. Mendoza, 1832 ? Collected in ChiH. Bot. Misc. iii. 208. GourUea Gilhes. Gourlie, William (1815-1856): b. Glasgow, March, 1815; d. Pollockshields, Glasgow, 24th June, 1856. F.L.S. , 1855, Pupil of W. J. Hooker and J. H. Balfour. Collected Bristol pi., especially mosses, fossil pL, &c., and purchased large foreign collections. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857, xxvii. Govan, George (fl. 1824). M.D. Correspondent of Wallich. 'Nat. Hist Himalayan Mts.,' Edin. Journ. Science, iii. 17 (1824). E. S. C. ii. 973 ; Lasegue, 128. Hypericwn Govan- ianum Wall. Gowen, James Robert (fl. 1823). Of Highclere, Newbury. 'Hy- brid AmarylUs,' Trans. Hort. Soc. iv. & v. E. S. C. ii. 973. Govenia Lindl. Grsefer, John (fl. 1789). Botanic Gardener to the King of Naples. * Descriptive Cat. of ... . Herbaceous or Perennial PI.,' 1789 ; ed. 4, 1804. Graham, John (1805-1839) : b. Dumfriesshire, 1805 ; d. Khan- dalla, Bombav, 28th May, 1839. * Catalogue of pi in Bombay,' 1839 (posthumous). Pritz. 127; Jacks. 387; Pref. Cat. Bombay PI. iv. ; Gard. Chron. 1841, 23; Hooker & Thom- son's ' Flora Indica, i. 53 ; E. S. C. ii. 977 ; Lasegue, 433. Graham, Maria, nee Dundas, afterwards Calcott [See Calcott] . Graham, Robert (1786-1845) : b. Stirling, 7th Dec. 1786 ; d. Coldoch, Perth, 7th Aug. 1845. M.D. , Edin., 1808. F.L.S., 1825. Husband of preceding. Eegius Prof. Bot. Glasgow, 1813; Edinburgh, 1818. Pres. Bot. Soc. Edin. 1838. Described Wallich's Lcymiimo^(B. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1831, 1832; Pritz. 127; Jacks. 234; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 1846; Proc. 46 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Linn. Soc. i. 300 ; Gard. Chron. 1846, 390 ; E. S. C. ii. 977. Portr. at Kew. Graham, T. (fl. 1841). 'Outlines of Botany,' 1841, ed. 2, 1848. Jacks. 41. Graves, George (fl. 1777-1834). Of Walworth, Peckham, and Edinburgh. F.L.S., 1812. ' British Grasses,' 1822. ' Hortus Medicus,' 1834. * Flora Londineusis,' vols. 4, 5. Pritz. 127 ; Jacks. 552 ; Friends' Books, i. 862. Gray. Apothecary. Introduced Fistacia officinarinn, circ. 1570. L'Obel, Adbersaria, 413. Gray, Christopher (fl. 1740-1763). Nurseryman, of Fulham. Introduced various American plants. * Catalogue,' 1740. Pub- lished Catesby's 'Hortus Britano-Americanus,' 1763. Pritz. i. 103 ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 76. Gray, Edv^ard Whitaker (1748-1806): b. 1748; d. British Museum, 27th Dec. 1806. Uncle of S. F. Gray, jun. M.D. Librarian, R.C.P., L.E.C.P., 1773. Keeper of Department of Nat. Hist. & Antiquities, British Museum. A.L.S., 1788. Sec.R.S., 1797. Arranged the Museum on Linnean system. Eng. Bot. 1631 ; Munk, ii. 298 ; Eose, Biog. Diet. ; Gent. Mag. 77 (1807), i. 90. Portr. by Calcott at R. S. Gray, John Edward (1800-1875); b. Walsall, Stafford, 12th Feb. 1800; d. British Museum, 7th March, 1875. Keeper of the Zoological Department, British Museum, 1840-1875. Assistant from 1824. F.L.S., 1857. F.R.S., 1832. Ph.D., Munich, 1852. Pres. Bot. Soc. Lond., 1838. 'Natural Arrangement of British Plants,' 1821, under the name of his father, S. F. Gray. ' British Water-weeds,' 1864. Pritz. 128 ; Jacks. 552 ; 'List of Books . . . .' by Gray, ed. by J. Saunders, 1872; E. S. C. h. 998; vh. 819; Journ. Bot. 1865, 297; 1872, 374 ; 1875, 127 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. xii. 409 ; Gard. Chron. 1875, i. 335 ; 'Portraits of Men of Eminence,' 1863, with photo, portr. Bronze medallion, with Mrs. Gray, at Linn. Soc. Gray, Maria Emma, nee Smith (1787-1876) : b. Greenwich Hospital, 1787 ; d. 9th Dec. 1876 ; m. 1 (1810), Francis Edward Gray; m. 2 (1826), Dr. John Edward Gray, his second cousin. Conchologist and algologist. Algffi in Cambridge Univ. Mus. Journ. Bot. 1876, 32 ; Gard. Chron. 1876, h. 789; 'Athenaeum,' 16th Dec. 1876. Bronze medallion at Linn. Soc. Grmjemma J. E. Gray. Gray, Samuel Frederick (fl. 1760). Father of the following, and brother of Edward Whitaker Gray. Translated Linnaeus's ' Philosophia Botanica' for James Lee. E. S. C. ii. 1012. 'Athenaeum,' Sept. 1863, p. 368. Gray, Samuel Frederick (fl. 1780-1836). Posthumous son of preceding. Druggist, of Walsall. Afterwards Lecturer on Botany in London. ' Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia,' 1818. Editor, 'London Medical Eepository,' 1819-1821. 'Natural Arrangement of British Plants,' 1821, mainly the work of his son, J. E. Gray. Pritz. i. 103; Jacks. 552. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 47 Green, Thomas (fl. 1816-1820). ' The Universal Herbal,' 1816-20. Jacks. 37. Greenwood, Alfred (fl. 1845-1862). Of Chelmsford. F.B.S.E. Mosses of Chelmsford, Phyt. ii. 384 (1846). E. S. C. hi. 5. Gregory, William (1805 ?-1858) : b. Edinbm-gh, 1805 ? ; d. Edinburgh, 24th April, 1858. Prof. Chemistry, Edinb. M.D., Edinb., 1828. 'Marine Diatomace^,' 1857. Pritz. 128; Jacks. 158 ; R. S. C. iii. 9 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. 75. Greville, Charles Francis (fl. 1811). V.-P. Eoyal Soc. Linn. Trans, x. 168. Greville a Br. Greville, Robert Kaye (1794-1866) : b. Bishop Auckland, Dur- ham, 13th Dec. 1794 ; d. Murrayfield, Edinburgh, 4th June, 1866 ; bur. Dean Cemetery. LL.D., Glasgow, 1824. F.L.S., 1827. * Scottish Cryptogamic Flora,' 1823-8. ' Flora Edinensis,' 1824. ' Alg^e Britannic^,' 1830. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 2666. Pritz. 128 ; Jacks. 553 ; E. S. C. iii. 12 ; vh. 836 ; Journ. Bot. 1866, 238; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. viii. 464; Card. Chron. 1866, 539. Herbarium at Eoyal Bot. Gard., Edinburgh. Diatoms in Herb. Mus. Brit. Grew, Nehemiah (1641-1712) : b. Atherstone or Mancetter, Warwick, 1641 ; d. London, 25th March, 1712 ; bur. Cheshunt. B.A., Camb., 1661. M.D., Leyden, 1716. F.E.S., 1671. Sec.E.S., 1677. F.E.C.P., 1680. 'Anatomy of Vegetables begun,' 1672. ' Anatomy of Plants,' 1684, " opus absolutum et immortale," Sprengel. Pult. i. 337 ; Eees ; Pritz. 129 ; Jacks. 553 ; Munk, i. 406 ; F. L. Colvile, ' Worthies of War- wickshire.' Portr. engr. by E. White, 1700, from painting by the same, formerly at Barber-surgeon's Hall, in ' Cosmologia Safra,' 1701. Another pub. by Dr. Thornton. Grewia L. Griffin, W. (fl. 1820). Of South Lambeth. Introduced plants from Brazil, &c. I3ot. Eeg. 511. Griffinia Ker. Griffith, John Wynne (fl. 1783-1855). 'Of Garn, near Denbigh. F.L.S. Sent Welsh plants to Smith. Communicated lists to Bingley's ' Tour round N. Wales,' see Bot. Guide, 166. Eng Bot. 440, 1735, &c. ; E. S. C. iii. 16. Griffithia Br. = Glijpho mitriun. Griffith, William (1810-1845) : b. Ham Common, Surrey, 1810 d. Malacca, 9th Feb. 1845. Assistant-surgeon, Madras, 1832 F.L.S. , 1840. In Assam, with M'Clelland and Wallich, 1835 in Bhotan, with Pemberton, 1837-8; in Afghanistan, 1839 Superintendent Bot. Gard. and Prof. Med. Coll. Calcutta, 1842 Pritz. 129; Jacks. 553 ; E. S. C. iii. 18 ; Lasegue, 149, 432 Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 239 ; Annual Eeport, Eoyal Asiatic Soc 1845; Gard. Chron. 1845,387. Portr. Kew. Plants at Kew Gril/ithia Wight & Arn. Griffiths, Amelia W. (fl. 1817-1858). Of Torquay. Algologist. Correspondent of Harvey and Greville. ''The facile rcfjhia of British algologists," Harvey. Plants in Blewitt's ' Panorama of Torquay,' 1832. Jacks. 504 ; Harvey, ' Phycologia,' t. xvi. ; Syn. 243 ; Greville, 'Algae Brit.' introd. p. vi. ; Eng. Bot. 1926. Algae at Kew. Grifjitda Ag. 48 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Groult, — (fl. 1800-1804). Of London. " A very assiduous investi- gator of English plants," Smith. Eng. Bot. 777, 919, 1096, 1326, &c. Sent plants to Smith. Guilding, Rev. Lansdowne (1797 P-1833) ; b. Kingstown, St. Ymcent, 1797?; d. St. Vincent, 1833. B.A., Oxon, 1817. F.L.S., 1817. Zoologist. 'Account of the Botanic Gard., St. Vincent,' 1825, with plates. Plants at Kew. Jacks. 450 ; E. S. C. iii. 76. GuUdingia Hook. = Olishea. Gulliver, George (1804-1882) : b. Banbury, Oxon, 4th June, 1804 ; d. Canterbury, 17th Nov. 1882. F.E.S. Assistant- surgeon to Horse Guards. ' Catalogue of . . . plants . . . near Banbury,' 1841. 'Notes on Kesearches in . . . Botany,' 1870; ed. 2, 1880. Wrote on Eaphides. Herbarium at Chatham Literary Society. Journ. Bot. 1883, 31 ; Pritz. 132 ; Jacks. 554 ; E. S. C. iii. 84 , vii. 865 ; Druce, Fl. Oxfordsh., 395. Gmin, Ronald Campbell (1808-1881) : b. Cape of Good Hope, 1808; d. Launceston, Tasmania, 14th March, 1881. F.L.S., 1850. F.E.S. , 1854. In Tasmania from 1830. E. S. C. iii. 87; Journ. Bot. 1881, 192; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1881-2, 63; Lasegue, 283; Hooker, 'Flora Tasmania,' cxxv. Col. chalk portr. at Kew. Gunnia, Ldl. Gutch, John Wheeley Gough (d. 1862). Of Swansea. Queen's messenger. F.L.S., 1848. 'List of Swansea PI.,' Phyt. i. (1844), 104, &c. E. S. C. iii. 95. Hailstone, Samuel (1768 ?-1851) ; d. 26th Dec. 1851. Of Horton Hall, Bradford. F.L.S., 1801. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (1035, 2737, &c.). Appendix to Whitaker's Hist. Craven. Baines, Fl. Yorks., preface. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 189. Hales, Rev. Stephen (1677-1761) : b. Bekesbourne, Canterbury, 7th Sept. 1677 ; d. Teddington, Middlesex, 4th Jan. 1761 ; bur. Teddington. B.A., Camb., 1699. M.A., 1703. B.D., 1711. B.D., Oxon, 1731. D.D., 1733. Eector of Teddington, 1710. Clerk of Closet to Princess of Wales. 'Vegetable Staticks,' 1727. Pritz. 133 ; Jacks. 67 ; Bees ; Gard. Chron. 1877, i. 16, with portr. ; 'Annual Eegister,' 1765, with portr. Monument in Westminster Abbey. Portr. by F. Coates, E.A., engr. by Hopwood for Dr. Thornton. Halesia Browne = Giiettarda L. Halesia Ellis & L. Hall, Colonel (fl. 1831). Collected with Jameson in Quito. Lasegue, 472. Hall, Agnes C. (fl. 1802). ' Elements of Botany,' 1802. Pritz. cd. 1, 108; Jacks. 35. ' Hall, Richard (fl. 1808). M.D. 'Irritability of Vegetables.' E. S. C. iii. 139. Hall, Thomas B. (fl. 1839). ' Flora of Liverpool,' 1839. Pritz. 184 ; Jacks. 255. Halle, Hughes R. P. Fraser (fl. 1842-1869). 'Letters, Historical and Botanical,' 1851. Pritz. 134; Jacks. 251. Halley, Edmund (1656-1742) : b. Haggerston, 29th Oct. 1656 ; d. Greenwich, 14th Jan. 1742 ; bur. Lee, Kent. Astronomer and SHORT NOTES. 49 Mathematician. Capt. E.N. M.A., Oxen, 1678. LL.D., 1703. F.E.S., 1678; Sec, 1713. Savilian Prof. Geometry, 1703. Astronomer-Eoyal, 1720. Sent plants from Trinidad to Petiver, 1700. Mus. Pet. pp. 37, 77, 80 ; Chalmers. Halstead, William (fl. 1702). Major. Brought Carolina plants to Petiver, 1702. Mus. Pet. 96 ; Hb. Sloane, 158. Hambrough, Albert John (1820 9-1861) : b. 1820? ; d. London, 6th June, 1861. Of Steephill Castle, I. of W. F.L.S., 1856. F.B.S.E., 1839. Contributed to Bromfield's 'Mora Vectensis.' Seaweeds in Venables, ' I. of Wight,' 1860. Phyt. v. 194 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vii. 202 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1862, xc. E. S. C. iii. 145. Hamilton, Charles (fl. 1785). Lieutenant. 'Description of Mahwah Tree,' Asiatic Eesearches, i. 300. Dryand. iii. 282. Hamilton, Claudius (fl. 1699). Gave Barbadoes plants to Petiver. Mus. Pet. no. 674. Hamilton, Francis, nee Buchanan (1762-1829) : b. Branziet, Callander, Perth, 15th Feb. 1762 ; d. 15th June, 1829. M.D., Edinb., 1783. A.L.S., 1788. F.L.S., 1816. F.E.S. Surgeon E. I. C, 1794. Superintendent, Bot. Gard., Calcutta, 1814-15. Contributed mosses to Eng. Bot., 1590, &c. Plants at Kew and Brit. Mus. Jacks. 383 ; E. S. C. i. 692 ; Lasegue, 138 ; Smith Lett. ii. 85 ; Diet. Nat. Biog. vii. 186 ; ' Men whom Lidia has known,' 1871. Buchanania Sm. = Colehrookea Sm. Buclianania Spreng. Hamilton, Rev. James (1814-1867); b. Paisley, N.B., 27th Nov. 1814 ; d. Euston Sq., London, 24th Nov. 1867. M.A., Glasgow. D.D., Edinb. Pastor of Eegent Sq. Church, 1841. F.L.S., 1848. Wrote bot. in Fairbairn's 'Diet, of the Bible.' Proc. Linn. Soc. 1867-8, civ. ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. ix. 269 ; Vapereau ; ' Men of the Time,' ed. 6. Hamilton, William (fl. 1825-1854). M.B. ' Prodromus pi. Indiae occideutalis,' 1825. Contributed to Pharm. Journ. Pritz. 134 ; Jacks. 368 ; E. S. C. iii. 147. (To be continued.) SHOET NOTES. JuNcus Gerakdi Lois. — A pretty little rush, allied to this species, has for some years been under observation. It grows plentifully in a brackish marsh on sand by the Channel shore near Berrow, between Brean and Burnham ; and its interest depends on charac- ters linking it with J. cornpressus Jacq. This summer (1887) I have been enabled to study the latter plant from specimens obtained near Stanton Drew, and having also gathered typical Gerardi on the coast of Dorset, could determine the position of the Berrow rush with some confidence. J. Gerardi is a salt-marsh plant, distinguished by a far- creeping rhizome, panicle rather close, exceeding its Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [Feb., 1889.] e 50 SHORT NOTES. bract, and capsule narrow, strongly mucronate, about equalling the perianth. On the other hand, J. compressits is found only inland, has a tufted rhizome, a rather loose panicle falling short of its bract, and difiers above all in the larger, rounder, and more obtuse capsule, -VNhich distinctly exceeds the perianth. The plant under notice has the rhizome of Gerardi, and, unless hampered by other vegetation, creeps straight ahead in a direct line, putting up stems at regular remote intervals. It agrees with that species also in the comparative length of the lower bract. There the similarity ends ; the panicle is loose, with separately-stalked flowers ; the perianth-segments fall short of the capsule, sometimes by as much as one-half; the capsule is never acuminate, but subglobular, obtuse, and mucronate, of a beautiful light-brown colour, polished and shining when fresh, becoming puckered and wrinkled on drying. Dr. Buchenau, the chief authority on Junciis, reports on specimens sent to him: "Forma intermedia J. covqnessi et J. Gerardi. Antherae filamentis circa 2^-plo longiores. Stilus longus. Fructus perigonio circa dimidio longiores." The Berrow rush, therefore, is a connecting-link between the two species mentioned ; and although such a form is extremely rare, and perhaps may now have been observed in Britain for the first time, yet its occurrence decidedly supports the view of those botanists who consider these plants to be resolvable into one super-species through intermediate states.— J. W. White (in Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc. v. iii. 233). Daboecia. — In Prof. Babington's paper on Botanical Nomencla- ture in the December number of the ' Journal of Botany,' there is one item which seems to need correction. He asserts that David Don failed to correct a printer's error when founding the genus Daboecia ; but a review of the history of its names will show that this supposition is not justified by facts. Linnaeus, in the first edition of his * bpecies Plantarum,' under Erica, has the species E. Daboeci, giving as a synonym Erica s. Daheoci hikruis of Bay, Hist. pi. iii, Dendrol. 98. but mis-spelling it Dabeci ; no change was made until the twelfth edition of the ' Systema,' when our plant was transferred to Andromeda. It was on this foundation that Don made his genus Daboecia in the 'Edinburgh Philosophical Journal' (July, 1834), 160; any mistake in the spelling must be attributed to Linnaeus, who successively wrote Dabeci and Daboeci, retaining the latter spelling, and we are therefore not warranted in ascribing carelessness in proof-reading to Don, who clearly meant the name to stand as he wrote it. For my own part, I know nothing of S. Dabeoc, save in connection with this plant ; and I should be glad if the Editor, who has given so much attention to the naming of our indigenous vegetation, could enhghten our ignorance of this Celtic Saint. — B. Daydon Jackson. Banunculus Bal'dotii in Woecesteesbiee. — In the summer of 1883 I met with a Batrachian, which I supposed to be some variety ol lianinuvhiH ](ltaii(!<, growing in a small pond at Madresfield, near Malvern. I did not again gather it until 188G, when I saw it in abundance in the Stews at Madresfield Court, about one-third of a SHORT NOTES. 51 mile distant from the pond, but, as I afterwards found, connected with it by a very small stream. Mr. James Groves kindly examined for me both dried and fresh specimens (see Bot. Ex. Club. Eep. 1887), and considers the plant an inland form of E. Baudotii. — ElCHAED F. ToWNDROW. Eadula voluta in Scotland. — In July, 1888, I gathered Badula voluta Taylor, in the Ness Glen, Dalmellington, Ayrshire. This is, as far as I am aware, the first record of this hepatic for Scotland. Along with it was Plagioclnla tridenticidata Tayl. — Jas. Mc Andrew. Flora of Beinn Laoigh. — Mr. Druce's description of this moun- tain (Journ. Bot. 1888, p. 9) is only too graphic. I gave, in No. 223 of ' Science Gossip,' a list of the plants I saw in the district, the result of which is that all the rarer plants have been nearly exter- minated, and even Mr. Druce has had a difficulty in seeing some of the species that used to grow in profusion. Cystopteris montana, for instance, he does not appear to have seen on the Perthshire side, yet it used to be a very common plant. Of Arahis j^etraa Lamk., both the nearly-entire and the much-cut-leaved forms occur on the mountain, and the same remark applies to the Cam Creay range of hills near Killin ; the former in moist and shady situations, the latter on dry and exposed XDlaces. Drosera obovata W. & K. used to grow plentifully near to the stream about one mile below Coninish Farm, and here and there on the moorland from the Farm-house up towards Beinn Chuirn. I never saw either D. obovata or D. intermedia growing far from D. anglica and D. rotundifolia. Dryas octopetala L. used to be most abundant on the most eastern rocks of Stob Garbh, and it was among these rocks that Pyrola rotundifolia and P. secunda used to flower best. Mr. A. Bennett would not admit Armeria planifolia Syme. I have sent him a much broader- leaved form fi'om Ben Lawers, but I have not had his opinion yet. I am certain we have not got this form on our Scotch mountains. Carex vaginata Tausch. is not rare on the mountain, and the form horealis as figured by Andersson is also to be found here and there, the further up the more typical, but nowhere so characteristic as that seen in Aberdeenshire and Forfarshire. I am surprised that a botanist in Mr. Druce's position did not know of my work, and that of many others after me in this district. I should have been only too glad to have given him any information in my power, and would have liked his opinion on many plants growing in the district. — P. Ewing. Flora of the Isle of Wight. — I have arranged to publish a Flora of the Isle of Wight, and I shall be very glad to receive any notes with regard to the matter. I have adopted the drainage divisions given by Mr. Townsend in his 'Flora of Hampshire,' and records of plants found in the district will be acceptable. — Frederic Stratton. 52 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF THE BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB FOR 1887. Edited by George Nicholson, A.L.S. Viola Curtisii Forst., vars. On the sandhills at Southshore, Blacki30ol, W. Lancashire, 2nd June, 1887. Sent to show the great extremes in habit and colouring. In the early summer this plant completely covers the sandhills, and all colours, cream, yellow, pale lavender, light and dark blue, and purple, grow intermixed. In most other stations where I have seen this plant it affects flat, damp, sandy areas, and usually presents a uniformity of habit and colour. At Southshore, St. Anne's, and Lytham, all on the West Lancashire coast, it is quite as frequent on the dry sides of the sandhills as in their hollows. — Chakles Bailey. I have failed to get distinctive names, or even definite opinions, on these Violas from the referees to whom they were sent. — G. N. SteUaria umbrosa Opiz. Two forms ; one glabrous, and the other with calyces and pedicels hairy. Tortworth, West Gloucestershire. This may be a new record for Vice-Co. 34. I have collected a series of specimens to illustrate a point which has already been mentioned here aud there, namely, that this plant is commonly glabrous, but that there is also a frequent form of it having the pedicels and calyces hairy. The species is not rare either in West Gloucester or North Somerset, and one can readily find both its varieties or states intermingled on the same hedgebank. I have carefully examined and compared these plants, not forgetting the ripe seeds, and am satisfied that, beyond the character named, there is no structural difference whatever between them. — Jas. Walter White. Anthyllis Vulneraria L. Near Stoutiug, E. Kent, 3rd July, 1887. I send a variety of this plant, in which the stem is very hispid with spreading hairs. Dr. Lange names it var. hirsutissima DC, but as that plant is described as having red flowers, I suppose Dr. Lange would include under that name also the var. Allionii DC, which differs only in having yellow flowers, and which, strictly, seems to be the name of the plant. This form is certainly not the common one of our chalk hills, which usually has the stem, &c., subglabrous, or with a little adpressed hair. I have met with the variety in one locality in Sm-rey, as well as about Stouting, in E. Kent, whence I now send examples, and where it seems to be abundant. — W. H. Beeby. liubus cordifolhis W^ & N. Overhanging a brook near Harracles Mill, Rudyard, Staffordshire, 8th September, 1887. A new county record, detected by Mr. J. G. Baker. In a walk of about six miles, between Kudyard and Rushton, eight other liubi, not previously recorded for Co. 39, were noted, viz. : Lindleianus,villicaulis,iimbrosiis, Spren(jelii, Burreri, liadula, in/estus, and tuberculatiis (diimetorum) ; and the tract traversed was quite as remarkable for the absence of forms which might have been expected to have occurred, li. discolor for instance. We also collected in the same district, and county, the following species, not recorded in • Topographical Botany,' ed. 2, viz. : Ranunculus j^dtatus, Fotentilla procumbms, Epilobium EXTKACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. 53 obifcurum, Galium elongatum, Valeriana Mikanii, Arcticiim nemorosum, Veronica Buxhaumii, Atriplex erecta, Potamogeton natans, and Spar- ganium neglectum. — Charles Bailey. R. nemoralis Muell. [R. Muenteri Marss.), fide 0. C. Babington. Quakers' Wood, near York. Petals white, stamens and pistils white. August, 1887. Professor Babington says of this, that it is what he should have called a state of his " macrophyllus, glabratus,'' but thinks it is as above. — Geo. Webster. "Group of rhaumifolius, near R. cardiophyllus Lefv. & Muell." — W. 0. Focke. "Is most certainly the old umbrosus of Babington, and carpinifolixis of Bloxam. It is a Bramble I know well, as it occurs about Plymouth in two forms, the larger well represented by Mr. Webster's specimens, being found in many places in the enclosed country ; and a smaller form growing on the downs, or wider and more open places. I suppose these w^ould now be placed by Babington under Maassii or Muenteri. The terminal leaflet of Mr. Webster's plant seems most like that of Muenteri, as described by Babington in Journ. Bot. for last year, p. 333."— T. E. A. Briggs. R. melanoxylon Miill. & Wirtg. Branksome, Dorset; rough bushy ground," in good quantity, 29th July, 1887. This is the plant described by Prof. Babington in Journ. Bot. 1887, pp. 21, 22. I have found it this year in several widely- separated localities near East Dorset, and also near Brockenhurst, in the New Forest,_ S. Hants. It will be of interest to several members of the Club if I add that the R. plinthostyhis described by the Professor in the same paper (p. 22) is the beautiful little bramble which I sent for distribution as a small Koehleri form from Minster Valley, E. Corn- wall, in 1885. — W. Moyle Kogers. New records for Vice-counties 9 and 11. R. chlorothyrsus Focke. Shirley, Derbyshire, September, 1887. Only observed in one lane. I shall be glad to learn whether this is agreed to as the true chlorothyrsus, as it differs from specimens bearing the same name which I have received from the Continent. — W. R. Linton, "i?. chlorothyrsus Focke, or very near to it." — W. 0. Focke. First record for Britain. R. gratus Focke. Shirley, Derbyshire, July, 1887. Only a single bush has been observed, occurring in a swampy and open part of Shirley Wood, among bushes of Pi. carpinifolius W. & N. and R.fissus Lindl.— W. R. Linton. Mousehold Heath, Norfolk, 22nd August and 30th September, 1887.— E. F. Linton. So named by Dr. Focke. New county record. R. Maassii Focke = R. umbrosus (Bab. Man.). Ansley, War- wickshire, 20th August, 1887. As this is one of the commonest British brambles, I have only sent a limited supply, assuming that it is only required as a voucher for correctness in nomenclature. — J. E. Bagnall. This plant, Mr. Baker thinks, should be called R. polyanthemos Lindeb. It is undoubtedly the umbrosus Bab., carpinifolius Blox., and R. Maassii Lond. Cat., but differs totally from specimens named R. Maassii for Mr. Baker by Dr. Focke, which is the R. cordifolius of English authors. — G. N. R. Maassii Focke. St. Paul's Cray Common, Kent , 1887.— 54 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. Eyre de Crespigny. New record for Vice-county 16. Eoadside, near Bodorgan Station, Anglesey, August, 1887. — J. E. Gtriffith. Is the plant so named by Dr. Focke for Mr. Baker. R. foUosus Weibe. Ansley Coalfield, Warwickshire, 20th August, 1887. This locality was marked on my ordnance maps by the Rev. A. Bloxam. It is that locality recorded in the 3rd edition of * English Botany,' under the name of Annesley Coalfield, and by Prof. Babington, in his notes on Paihi, under the name of Bunnesley Coalfield. This plant, in the above locality, and in and about the Hartshill stone quarries, forms a special feature in the flora. It also occurs in the Hartshill Hayes, and near Moncetter, all of which stations are in the basin of the River Anker, and on the coal measures of Warwickshire ; but I have never found it in any other part of this county. It appears to me to differ materially from the Devonshire plant. — J. E. Bagnall. R. Piu'chasii Blox. Wood, Howie Hill, Herefordshire, 18th July, 1887. — AuGusTiN Ley. "Correct, I think." — W. 0. Focke. "What is most undoubtedly the same as this occurs in many places in Devon and Cornwall, and I am delighted at being able, through the receipt of the specimen from Howie Hill, to get a name for it. I had thought it near R. Kcehleri Weihe, and cavatifolius P. J. Miill. The sharply-pointed leaflets, with formal outline, and the light yellowish-green hue of the plant generally, are striking features. I have specimens from Bircham and Shalaford, Egg Buckland; Passage Wood, Revelstoke ; and Caton, all in S.Devon; Anthony; Sheviocke ; and the Camel Valley." — T. R. A. Briggs. New record for Vice-county 3. R. ccBsius L., hybrid with R. Idaus. Between Hipley Rock and Longcliff Wharf, on the road from Ashbourne to Matlosk, Derby- shire, 11th July, 1887. I send a fair supply of this, gathered in June last. I add a few more, gathered in the end of autumn, showing that the plant does not fruit, and which may be sent out with the others, as far as they will go. The stems of this curious plant are as erect as those of the raspberry, but when they touch a loose wall of stones they send out long shoots, creeping amongst the stones, just as R. ccesius would do. — W. H. Purchas. "Correct." — W. 0. Focke. Rosa Ripartii Desegl. Barnes Common, Surrey, 30th June, 1886. — W. R. Linton. This is intermediate between the plant reported by me in Journ. Bot. under above name, and ordinary R. spinosisshna L. Prof. Crepin writes: "It is not var. Ripartii, which is dis- tinguished by its compound glandular teeth, and by glands on the lower surface of the leaflets. Mr. Linton's plant is scarcely double- toothed ; it is a variation from typical R. spiiiosissima.'' R. uf/restis Savi {R. sepium Thuill). Wytham, Berks; Beckley, Oxon. Rev. W. Moyle Rogers discovered this plant in Oxon, a single bush occurring in a field lately devoted to foxes, and now assuming the aspect of a bushy common. In Wytham, only one bush, so far as I could find, occurred, but this was a much better and more spreading plant than the Beckley one. The Berks Rosa differs slightly from the Oxon, and neither appears to be quite EXTRACTS PROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. 55 typical sepium, although Mr. Baker has passed both. — G. Claridge Druce. New county record for Oxford. R. tomentosa Smith, var. uncinata F. Arnold Lees, in * Eeport of Botanical Record Chib Report for 1884, 1885, and 1886,' p. 117. Low bushes on a mountain side, above Llys-y-wynt, near Llanfair- fechan ; alt. about 600 ft., 25th September, 1884. "Avery striking plant, with prickles very unlike those of tomentosa ; it seems to con- nect this with Borreri or Bakeri." — T. R. Archer Briggs in litt. — Charles Bailey. Prof. Crepin writes concerning this: "Very curious, on account of the form of its prickles. It remains to be seen whether we have to deal with an individual plant, or whether there are several bushes. [Mr. Bailey's ticket says low hushes, so this part of Prof. Crepin's note is answered.] Mr. Bailey would do well to gather this curious form in flower. It belongs to the group of which my R. j^seudo-ciispidatus (cnfr. ' Primitias Monographia3 Rosarum,' p. 753) makes a part. The foregoing observations are written in case we really have to deal with a variety of R. tomentosa, but does the plant actually belong to that species ? May it not rather be a form of R. corii/olia belonging to the group of R. cinerea Rap. (cnfr. Prim. Mon. Ros. jd. 719) ? It is possible, and even quite probable. You sent me (No. 106) a rose from Railway Bank, Niddry, near Edinburgh, 29th July, 1881, which comes near Mr. Bailey's. The forms of Pi. coriifolia with glandular leaves are rare, and not yet understood. Your No. 106, and Mr. Bailey's plant, if they do belong to R. coriifolia, constitute varieties new to the British Flora. You can, I think, put on the ticket, 'veris Pi. coriifolim Fries, var. prox. R. cinerece Rap.' " " I revisited the locality on July 7th, 1888, and found this rose fairly abundant, and constant. The flowers were just opening, and were of a full pink, rather lighter in shade than Pi. tomentosa. The petals were somewhat unregular in shape, crumpled at the edge, and generally the notch was ill-defined. The uncination exhibited considerable variation between plant and plant, and even on the same plant; the lower parts of the flowering branches generally produced the canina type of hooked prickles, with the enlarged base ; the prickles of the upper portions of the branches were far from uniform, some being straight, and occasion- ally projecting forward, while others were slightly curved, as in tomentosa, and so on into a distinctly-hooked form, both with and without a broadened base. There were about fifty low bushes scattered over a space of about two or three hundred yards of a marshy portion of the mountain-side. I collected suflicient flowering specimens for the members, and have asked Mr. J. E. Griffith, who was good enough to accompany me to the station, to collect fruiting specimens, in the autumn, for the Club. I sent three selected specimens to Prof. Crepin, who has been good enough to report upon them as follows : ' I have just returned from a journey in the Alps, and found your fine specimens of Rosa tomentosa Sm., var. uncinata, awaiting me. After having examined these with much attention, I am led to think that we have in them a form of Pi. tomentosa. As you very justly say, the form of the prickles varies much on the stems, where they are sometimes of typical form 56 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. (slightly arcuate), and sometimes of a more or less uncinate form, recalling those of B. canina. In the presence of this last fact, — which is at least rare in R. tonientosa, — we must seek with care for the practical characters which permit us to distinguish with certainty this aberrant form (var. uncinata) of Rosa tomentosa from certain glandular-leaved varieties of Pi. coriifolia. In the distribution which will be made of this variety uncinata, it would be well if each portion were represented by two specimens : one with the caulinary prickles hooked, and the other with the caulinary prickles slightly arcuate. In the three specimens which you have sent me, the middle leaves of the flowering branchlets are pretty often 9-foliate, which is rare in R. tomentosa.' " — Charles Bailey. Aster Xoi'i-Beif/ii L. Probably an escape from cultivation. It has now established itself in a wet place, frequently overflowed, by the side of the tidal New Bedford Eiver. This plant has not spread by seed at present, but increases by its abundantly-x^roduced stolons. From the single patch or cluster of stems some hundreds of flowering shoots were produced last autumn. The locality seems thoroughly suited to the requirements of the plant, and it will be a matter of great interest to see whether, in so favourable a situation, seedlings will be able to spring up. Mr. Arthur Bennett kindly named this plant, and compared it with the fine specimens at Kew. — Alfred Fryer. Pyrethrum corymbosiim W. On the quay, Bangor, where it has been estabhshed eight or ten years, 20th August, 1887. — J. E. Griffith. ' ' I named this plant for Mr. Griffith with some hesitation, as it has a much more condensed inflorescence than the ordinary continental species. It is the stunted inflorescence, and the absence of the ray florets, which have led to its being passed over as Tana- cetum vulgare. As far as I know, it has not previously been recorded amongst aliens in Britain." — Charles Bailey. Melampyrum jjratense L., hians Druce. By the Findhorn side, near Logic, Nairn, 95. The only form noticed in this locality, where it was very abundant. The flowers, which are spoiled in drying, are of a beautiful golden-yellow, even to the tube. The bracts are but slightly toothed, the capsule frequently suberect, and the flowers assume a much more erect position than is usual in pratense forms. The flowers were of the exact size of those of var. montaniim (Johnst.), which was the prevailing moorland form of Easterness. The corolla is not closed. At first I was inclined to refer this to the var. luteum Blytt, but Eev. F. Wood informs me that luteum has very toothed bracts, and numerous whorls of flowers. It is a common plant of the birch zone, in Norway. In Britain, hians has now been reported from Wigton, Northumberland, Cum- berland, Westmoreland, and Nairn. — G. Claridge Druce. Mentha sylvestris L., nemorosa. Eiver-bank, Whitney, Hereford- shire, 7th August, 1887.— AuGusTiN Ley. '* The observations on M. pubescens (below) apply to this plant. Willdenow's description appHes equally to several different forms, and, notwithstanding, does not fit in any way the specimen sent me under the name of M. nemorosa. It is a very remarkaible plant, and certainly is worthy EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. 57 of a name. It is not described in any work which I possess, and does not occur in the numerous forms which have been sent me from France, Switzerland, and Savoy. I hope that you will permit me to dedicate it to you in giving it the name of Mentha Nicholson- iana Str. I add here the description which I have made of it : — ^Mentha Nicholsoniana. Stem tomentose, erect, branching. Leaves with the veins disposed in a network, tomentose and greyish below, green above, and covered with very short hairs, which give them a mealy appearance ; all distinctly petiolate, oval-oblong, much nar- rowed at their apex, and subcordate at their base ; those of the j)rimary axis deeply dentate, with unequal apiculate teeth at unequal distances ; those of the branches less deeply dentate, with equal teeth, more or less remote. Flowering spikes cylindrical, pretty short, obtuse, and interrupted at their base. Bracts very long, setaceous, and plumose. Calyx hairy, with long subulate teeth. Corolla small. Stamens included. This species has certain re- lations with Mentha Ekensteiniana Opiz. (Naturalientausch, p. 301, No. 131).'"— L'Abbe Ch. A. Strail. M. puhescens ^iWdi. Hort. Croydon, 1887.— A. Bennett. "The majority of the older botanists mention but a very small number of mints, and their descriptions are incomplete. Only a few characters were indicated. Hence it is impossible to say whether or not Willdenow had your plant in view when he gave the name, for his description equally applies to several other very dissimilar plants. In Malinvaud's ' Menthae Exsiccatae,' and in the three editions of Wirtgen's ' Mentharum Rhenanarum,' there are, under the name above given, sj)ecimens of several quite distinct forms. Besides, the descriptions of Boreau (Flore du Centre de la France), of Lloyd (Flore de I'Ouest), and of Reichenbach, do not apply to one and the same species. If I had found your mint in Belgium, I should cer- tainly have given it another name, and should have placed it close to M. nepetoides Lej., on account of the form of its inflorescence." — L'Abbe Ch. A. Strail. Ceratophijllum aquaticum "Wats, in Lond. Cat. ed. 3"; Syme, E. B., ed. 3, vol. viii., pi. 1266-7. This is the form I recorded as C. apiculatimi Chamisso, in Journ. Bot. vol. xxv., p. 282. The specimens on which I founded that record had no spines at the base, but two minute tubercles in their place. Afterwards, on gathering a large series of examples, I found, on the same branch, fruits with (1) no spines at the base, (2) with two tubercles, (3) with one spine, (4) with two spines, and (5) with a winged spine. As all these varieties in the fruit occurred in apparently full-grown examples, and as the absence of spines seemed in no wise to depend upon the maturity of the fruit, I am induced to believe that our fenland plant is better placed under Mr. Watson's aggregate C. aquaticum. Possibly all Chamisso's "species," or "subspecies," have no substantial existence in nature, but may be, like our fenland varieties, states of one plant. Prof. Babington names our fenland plant C, demersum L., a name which may fairly be given to its usual state ; but, looking at habit and foliage alone, we certainly have a plant that is well described and figured in E. B., ed. 3, pi. 1267, 58 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. as C. submersum. Also, in some seasons and situations, the fruit has neither spines nor tubercles. Tiie style, too, is variable in length. Perhaps members will be induced to examine Ceratophylla in their own neighbourhoods. — Alfred Fryer. Luzula maxima DC, var. qracUis Rostrup. Top of the Sneug (alt. 1400 ft.), Foula, Shetland, 25th August, 1887. I send a few specimens from this locality. The very exposed situation in which the plant grows here, combined with late season of gathering, causes the specimens to be somewhat poor. A few, however, retained the flexuous or drooping peduncles which are one of the characteristics of the variety. — W. H. Beeby. Sparqanium ner/lectum Beeby. Growing with Sparganiumramosum Curtis, in a ditch below the Causeway Mill, between Gumfreston and Hollow-ways, Tenby, 3rd and 5th October, 1887. Fruits of S. neglcctum also sent from ditches in the Penally Burrows, near Tenby, 5th October, 1887. — Charles Bailey. " The plants are rightly named, but the separate packets contain fruits of ramosum and neglectwn mixed." — W. H. Beeby. New county record. Potam.ogeton fluitans Roth. Cultivated plants from Hunts, Co. 31, 28th July, 1887. The poor condition of the plant sent is due to none having been gathered until all hope of obtaining fruit was gone. Some were picked up in a withered state after the weed- cutters, and the others were gathered from a rapidly drying-up pond. After this pond became quite dry, the already-formed foliaged branches of P. flititans died away, and the surface of the mud soon became studded with the small tufted shoots of the land-form, which this species produces as freely as P. natans does. This state of the plant was also left ungathered, with the hope of preserving the vigour of the rootstock unimpaired for the production of fruit next season. These subaerial shoots survive throughout the hot, dry summer, and grow until killed by the frosts of late autumn. This species seems dying out in the fens, probably through the frequency with which the drains are cleared of weeds. Hence, too, the plants are cut down before they have time to ripen their fruit, which seems to set freely in natural stations. On the other hand, though cultivated specimens grow into extraordinary vigour, they show no tendency to flower at present. Our plant has affinities with P. natans on the one hand, and with the coriaceous-leaved forms of the lucens-gmw.^ on the other. — Alfred Fryer. P. fiahellatm Bab. A splendid series of this, distributed by Mr. Alfred Fryer, in sets of three, viz. : — 839. Drain by Fortrey Hall Farm, Welches Dam, 12th Aug. 1887 ; 810. Same locality, 22nd Aug. 1888; 876. The New Bedford River, 15th July, 1887; all in Cambridgeshire, Co. 29. "The broader-leaved forms from the Ouse and the New Bedford River agree well with Prof. Babington's typical plant ; the finer-leaved forms from Welches Dam are towards the P. 'scoparim' of British authors. The Professor has kindly examined all my gatherings for some seasons past, and considers all the plants now sent as belonging to his P. fiahellatus. I have carefully watched these forms for four years, and have satisfied myself, by the habit of growth and foliage, as well as by the fruit, NOTICES OF BOOKS. 59 that these plants cannot come under P. j)ectinatus, as at present restricted by Prof. Babington. Occasionally, but not constantly, all these fiahellatus forms produce broad, flat leaves at all seasons of the year in our fenlaud waters ; I think such leaves will only be found constantly in situations where the plant is unable to perfect its fruit. In cultivation, some shoots from the same rootstock produce them, others do not, and they vary in abundance from season to season. Hence we ought not to attach too much importance to their presence in distinguishing hetween fahellatiis and i^ectinatus, bat look chiefly to the differences between the fruit, on which Prof. Babington founded his species." — Alfred Fryer. Festuca ovina L., var. tenuifolia Syme (1873) = var. cajnUata Hack. (Mon. Fest, 1882). Hedge Court, Surrey, 1887. Prof. Hackel confirms the name as well as the above synonym. The more recent varietal name has been adopted in Lond. Cat. ed. 8, but according to Hackel's own showing [I. c, p. 85), both of these names must give way to F. ovina, y&v paliidosa Gaud., Fl. Helv. i. (;i828).— W. H. Beeby. Bromus erectus Huds., villosus Bab. Chesterton, Warwickshire, July, 1887. — H. Bromwich. " The spikelets being very shortly hairy, I doubt whether this be the form called so by Babington. Surely it is not B. erectus, v. villosus Doell, Flora d. Grossherz., Baden (which perhaps precedes Babington). If you choose to give a proper name to it, I should call it B. erectus, v. subvillosus Eegel et Tilling, Fl. Ajan, p. 126 (1858)."— E. Hackel. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Monographische Ubersicht ilher die Arten der Gattung Primula. Von Dr. Ferdinand Pax. Leipzig, Engelmann. 8vo, pp. 118. The literature of the genus Primula is so widely scattered as to be accessible to those only having such facilities as are offered by one of our representative botanical libraries. Owing partly to this, the general nomenclature of the genus has long been in a very unsatisfactory condition. The impetus given to this cultivation by the late conference held at South Kensington, brought into promi- nence the demand for a complete monograph, and this has been supplied by Dr. Ferdinand Pax, of Breslau, who has given many years' study to the subject. He has examined the chief herbaria in Europe ; and, although his conclusions may not altogether meet with the views of botanists on this side of the Channel, they merit the careful attention of all workers at the genus. The book begins with a history of the genus from the time of Dodonaeus and Clusius, 1583, down to the present, with full references to every known paper on Primulas between these dates, including structure, morphology, &c. In addition to the history of the genus, chapters are devoted to the geographical distribution of Primula, but unfortunately for the general English reader, this portion is in Dr. Pax's mother-tongue, and a closed book to the 60 REVISION OF PRIMULA. general cultivator. By means of keys, constructed on a new and very ingenious system, the position of a species or a genus in the natural order heing seen at a glance. The European hybrids will he found rather complicated by the uninitiated, owing to so much intercrossing said to having taken place between the species, which can only be decided after long and careful study of the living plants. Dr. Pax differs most from the English botanist in the definition of species ; his views of the officinalis section, however, nearly coincide with ours, and we are glad to see that he does not believe in the endless hybrids said to be derived from these common British plants, elatior, officinalis, and vulgaris, the greater number of which he properly places as synonyms or mere varieties. The results of H. C. Watson and Hofmann in crossing these plants are very interesting : the former, it is stated, raised elatior, acaulis, and officinalis fi-om the same seed, and Hofmann is said to have changed P. elatior into P. officinalis in six generations ; but here Dr. Pax cautiously observes that these experiments might not prove good in the face of a strict criticism. The farinosa section is defined on the old plan, with the exception of a few regarded in this country as varieties being claimed as species, and a few, such as P. lepida Duby, being placed as varieties of P. farinosa. The greatest change, however, is in the nivales. Dr. Pax observes that amongst the Asiatic species are four types, one Siberian, one Himalayan, and two limited to Sikkim. The Siberian type, P. nivalis Pall., with crenate, serrate, rarely entire leaves, has a number of forms — one in the Caucasus, P. Bayneri; one in Turkestan (var. farinosa) ; ^loorcroftiana, in E. Siberia, which there attains its largest development ; the variety pimiila Ledebour, which has been raised to specific rank ; and finally, P. purpurea Eoyle. P. Stuartii is retained as a distinct species, and Moorcroftiana, x>^^n^urea, lineariloha, and macrocarpa are transferred from varieties of this species to P. nivalis, which seems a very intelligible conclusion. The chief diflerence between P. nivalis and P. Stuartii is in the colour of the flowers ; all these varieties have purple flowers, and, although they form connecting links between the two species, the difficulty seems to have been surmounted on the most reasonable grounds. The European species have been well done, but with such a mixture of hybrids as to confuse the minds of all ordinary mortals tryiug to unravel them. The practice by nurserymen on the Continent seems to have been for a long time past to assign the parentage to a plant on msufficient grounds, without in the first instance testing its truth. The plant known in English gardens as P. nivea here has been defined ; Dr. Pax places it under hirsuta, but with this we cannot agree. P. nivea as grown in our gardens is more robust than hirsuta, and the scapes and calyx, and some- times the leaves, are always covered with farina, which points to P. pubescens ; and this is certainly where it belongs, as anyone can test for himself by raising pubescens as cultivated in gardens from seed. On the whole we have much pleasure in adding our testimony to the value of Dr. Pax's monograph ; it has been a labour of love, MANUAL OF ORCHTDACEOUS PLANTS. 61 and the thorough way in which every detail has been verified will readily appeal to those best acquainted with the difficulties he has had to contend with. It is the best and most comprehensive work of its kind, is thoroughly trustworthy, and, as a ready reference, should be in the hands of every lover of these popular plants. D. Dewae. A Manual of Orchidaceous Plants cultivated under Glass in Great Britain. Part IV. Cypripedium. James Veitch & Sons, Eoyal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. 8vo, pp. 108. Price 10s. Qd. The fourth part of this excellent work, which has recently been issued, is devoted to the cultivated forms of Cypripedium, now so popular in gardens. Preceding parts of the work have already been noticed in these pages, and it will be remembered that each part is complete in itself, as a monograph of the cultivated species and varieties of some important genus, or group of genera. The ground covered by the present instalment is stated as follows : — " The species, varieties, and hybrids described in the following pages will come under the following heads : — "I. Eucypripedia, including only the East Indian and Malayan species that constitute Bentham's (subsection) Coriacea. " II. Seleiiipedia, coinciding with Eeichenbach's Selenipedium^ and including the anomalous TJropedium Liyidenii of Lindley. "III. Garden hybrids, in two divisions: (a) Eucypripedium hybrids; (b) Seleiiijyediiim hyhrids/' Lookmg through the text, we find, of Encypripedium, thirty- three species and sixty-six hybrids ; and of Selenipediim, eight species and twelve hybrids. Several supposed species are reduced as varieties or synonyms ; while two or three others are only admitted as species somewhat doubtfully. The garden hybrids strike one as a very numerous group, and what they are liiiely to become in the near future may be inferred from the following note : — " So generally is muling among Cypripedes now practised, not only in Great Britain, but also on the Continent of Europe, and in the United States of America, that there is scarcely an orchid collection of note in which a batch of seedlings may not be found." So numerous indeed are they already, that it was found impracticable to include all the hybrids that have been obtained up to the present. It is evident that hybrid Cypripediums are fast becoming florists' flowers; and we read with interest that " the pseudo- Latin names so much in vogue, together with the cumbrous Greek compounds, intelligible to none but the initiated, are as much out of place when applied to hybrid Cypripedes as they would be if ap^Dlied to hybrid roses." On one point we are inclined to differ from the author, namely, as to the desirability of merging the genus Selenipediurn in Cypripedium. The grounds for this course aj)pear to be as follows : — [a) That Selenipediiim, though proposed by Prof. Eeichenbach, was afterwards abandoned by the author in his subsequent articles in the * Gar- deners' Chronicle'; (6) that the two will hybridise together; and 62 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. (c) that the discovery of the Malayan Cypripedium Sanderianum brings the relationship of the two groups morphologically nearer than its previously -known allies. As regards the first of these points, see the 'Gardeners' Chronicle' of July 7th, 1888, where a plant is described as Cypripedium. nitidissimum and as Selenipedium nitidissimum, a repetition of a most unfortunate practice of giving two names, one for gardens, the other for science. On the second point it may be urged that hybrids between distinct genera are already in existence. The third point we fear is illusory. Cypri- pedium Sanderianum is a typical Cypripedium. with a 1-celled ovary; true, its petals are remarkably attenuated, like those of Selenipedium caudatum, one of those curious analogies, of which numerous examples could be cited, where a species of one genus bears a closer external resemblance to one of another genus than to others of its own. But in this case, if the staminode, lip, and upper sepal be compared, the resemblance vanishes, or. is not more marked than the resemblance between Cypripedium philippinense and Selenipedium lonyifolium, or between C. Parishii and S. Boissierianum. The crucial point is this, that SelenipediiDii has the 3-celled ovary of the ApostasiciB, while Cypripedium agrees with all other orchids in having a 1-celled ovary — a difference of greater importance than that which separates many admitted genera of orchids. A glance at the two excellent maps furnished in the work strongly emphasises this point. We can only add, in conclusion, that, beyond its value to cultivators, it is a highly-creditable production as a botanical w^ork, and supplies a want that has long been felt, owing to the widely-scattered literature of the subject. The woodcuts, nearly forty in number, are excellent and faithful portraits. E. A. KOLFE. Articles in Journals. Annals of Botany (dated Nov., pub. Jan.). — D. H. Campbell, ' Development of Pilularia' (3 plates). — G. Murray & L. A. Boodle, 'Structural and systematic account of Struvea' (1 plate). — S. Schonland, ' Morphology of Visciim album' (1 plate). — T. Johnson, ^ Spharococeus corona pifolius' (1 plate). — H. N. Kidley, 'Foliar organs of Utricularia bryopJdla, sp. n.' (1 plate). — M. M. Hartog, * Floral Organogeny and Anatomy of Brownea and Saraca.' — H. M. Ward, 'A lily-disease' (5 plates). — W. G. Farlow, ' Apospory in Pteris aquilina.' — S. H. Vines, ' Tubercles on roots of Leyiiminosce.' — J. B. Farmer, ' Development of endocarp in Sambucus nigra.' Bot. Centralblatt (No. 1). — F. G. Kohl, ' Wachstum und Eiweissgehalt vegctabili seller zellhante' (1 plate). — J. J. Kieffer, ' Neue Mittheilungen liber lothringische Milbengallen.'— (No. 2). A. Hansgirg, ' Noch einmal liber Bacillus muralis und uber einige neue Formen von Grotten-Schizophyten.' — C. 0. Harz, ' Ueber den Dysodil.' — (No. 3). M. Kronfeld, ' Bemerkungen liber Coni- feren.' — J. Amenm, ' Leptotrickum ylaucescens.' — C. 0. Harz, 'Ueber eine zweckmiissige konser virungsmethode getrockneter Pflanzen.' — Id., ' Die Sporen der Hymenomyceten auf Papier zu fixiren.' — (No. 4). O.Burchard, ' Bryologische Eeiseskizzen aus Nordland.' Botanical Gazette (Dec). — W. K. Dudley, * Strassburg and its ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 63 botanical laboratory.' — E. L. Gregory, 'Development of cork-wings on certain trees' (1 plate). — L. N. Johnson, ' A tramp in N. Carolina mountains.' Bot. Zeitimg (Jan. 4, 11). — J. Wiesner, * Der absteigende Wasserstrom mid dessen pliysiologische Bedeutung.' — (Jan. 11). H. Molisch, * Ueber den Farbenwechsel antliokyanbaltiger Blatter bei rasch eintretendem Tode.' — (Jan. 18). H. Solms-Laubacb, ♦ Anton de Bary.'— (Jan. 25). W. Zopf, ' Ueber Pilzfarbstoffe.' Bull. Torreij Bot. Club (Jan.). — W. G. Farlow, 'New or im- perfectly known Alg^ of United States ' (2 plates). — N. L. Britton, ' Plants collected by H. H. Eusby in S. America ' (Duguetia ? glabra, Trigyneia bolivieusis, Cardamine speciosa, Sisymbrium? Patsbyi, Crema- lobus bolivianus, Morisonia oblongifolia, Viola boliviana, V. Bridgesii, V. thymifolia, Alsodeia ovalifolia, spp. nn., all of Britton: Polygala andijia, F.J'ormosa, Monnina boliviensis, spp. nn., of A. W. Bennett). — E. E. Sterns, ' Bulblets of Lycopodium lucidiiliim.' Garde7iers' Chronicle (Dec. 29). — Aloe longijiora Baker, Pleuro- thallis punctidata Eolfe, spp. nn. — (Jan. 5). Peristeria Fiossiana Echb. f., sp. n. — 'Monstrous Ivy Flowers' (fig. 2). — (Jan. 19). Schomburghkia lepidissima Echb. f., sp. n. Journal de Botaiiiqiie [J &n. 1). — J. Costantin, ' Eecherches sur Cladosporium herbarum.' — C. Sauvageau, ' Sur la racine du Xajas.' • — A. Franchet, ' Note sur le Ranunculus chcerophyllos.' — P. A. Dangeard, ' Notice biographique sur J. Moriere.' Magyar ^ovenyiani Lapok (Nos. 134, 135). — J. B. Keller. ' Fragmenta rhodologica ad floram hungaricam spectantia.' Sotarisia (Jan.). — G. B. de Toni, ' Pilinia and Acroblaste.' — A, Hansgirg, ' Addenda in Synopsis Generum subgenerumque Myxo- phycearum.' — M. Eaciborski, ' Su alcune Desmidiacee Lituane.' — A. Piccone, 'Noterelle Ficologiche.' Nuovo Giornale Bot. Ital. (Jan. 10). — G. Arcangeli, ' Sopra alcune mostruosita osservate nei fiori del Narcissus Tazzetta ' (1 plate). • — F. Poggi & C. Eossetti, ' Contribuzione alia Flora Toscana.' — P. Gennari, ' Florula di Palabanda.' — J. Mueller, ' Lichenes Spegazziniani in Staten Island lecti.' — E. de Toni, 'Flora del Bellunese.' — A. Mori, ' Funghi di Modena.' — L. Nicotra, 'Flora Siciliana.' — G. Arcangeli, ' Sulla struttura dei semi della NyviphcBa alba.' — Id., ' N^qjJiar luteum.' — G. B. de Toni, ' Prima contribuzione diatomologica del Lago di Alleghe (Veneto).' — T. Caruel, ' Con- spectus familiarum Phanerogamarum.' — G. Cuboni, ' Sulla Erinosi nei grappoli della Vite.' — Id., ' Sulla Cosidetta Uva infavata dei Colli Laziali.' Revue Generale de Botanique (Jan. 15). — E. Bonnet, ' Note sur VEctocarijusfulvescens' (1 plate). — L. Guignand, ' Developpement et constitution des antherozciides. I. Characees ' (1 plate). — G. Bonnier, ' Etudes sur la Vegetation de la Vallee de Chamonix et de la cliaine du Mont Blanc' (map). — H. Junelle, 'Assimilation et transpiration chlorophylliennes.' — L. du Sablon, ' Eevue des travaux d'anatomie publics en 1888. I. Anatomic cellulaire.' Scottish Naturcdist (Jan.). — H. Macmillan, 'Lichens of Inverary.' —J. W. H. Trail, ' Peronosponw of Orkney.' -- W. H. Beeby, ' On 64 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. the Flora of Shetland ' (Glyceria distcms, var. j^rostrata, n. var.). — J. F. Grant & Arthur Bennett, * Flora of Caithness.' — G. C. Druce, * Plants of Peebleshh-e.' LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. January 17, 1889. — Mr. W. Carruthers, F.K.S., President, in the chair. — The following were elected Fellows : J. E. Green, M.A., Prof. Botany, Pharmaceutical Society; E. J. Harvey Gibson, M.A., Lecturer Botany, Univ. Coll., Liverpool; James W. White, of Chfton, Bristol ; and Herbert Stone, of Handsworth, Bu'mingham. — On behalf of M. Buysman, of Middleburg, Mr. B. D. Jackson exhibited a series of careful dissections of Nymphaa carulea collected by Dr. Schweinfurth in Egypt. — Mr. D. Morris exhibited specimens of drift fruit from Jamaica, where he had collected no less than thirty-five different kinds brought by the Gulf Stream from the mouths of the Orinoco and Amazon. Although the species exhibited had not been determined with certainty, it was believed to be probably Humiria bahamifera (the flower of which is figured by Eichler, 'Flora Brasiliensis,' vol. xii. pt. 2, 430, pi. xcii. fig. 1), but the fruit undescribed. It was commonly known in French Guiana as Bois rouge, and from it was obtained a gum used medicinally and burnt as incense. — Mr. T. Christy exhibited a material felted from Manilla hemp, and waterproofed, very strong and light, and particularly useful for surgical bandages, for which purpose it was highly recommended by army surgeons. — Mr. F. Crisp exhibited some specimens of agate so curiously marked as to lead to the erroneous supposition that they enclosed fossil insects and Crustacea. — A paper was then read by Mr. J. G. Tepper, *' On the Natural History of the Kangaroo Island Grass Tree, Xanthor- rhcea Tateana.'" This tree grows abundantly in Kangaroo Island, South Australia, in poor, gravelly and sandy soil, intermixed with ferruginous concretions, and attains a height of from six to fourteen feet, with a diameter of six to eighteen inches, and a floral spike of from ten to nineteen feet. It is thus a most conspicuous plant, and lends a peculiarly weird aspect to the country it occupies. Its rate of growth is described as very slow, old settlers having remarked but little change in individual trees after thirty years' observation. The most remark- able feature in the structure of the stem is the formation of a dense ligneous central core immediately above and connected with the roots, exhibiting numerous annular zones, traversed by transverse (medullary) fibres. The flowers are borne in a dense spike upon a smooth peduncle. Individually they are inconspicuous, of a whitish colour, and develop a strong odour and abundant nectar during the warmer part of the day, when they are visited and fertilised by hymeuopterous insects, the most remarkable being a large metallic- green Carpenter Bee (Xylocapa), which tunnels out cells m the dead flower-stalks. :a.b,286. H Morgan lith. Po tamo ge ton falcatus.Frye^ WestNe'/vrrLSun 5^ Co.irap. 65 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. By Alfhed Fryer. (Plates 286 & 287.) Potamogeton falcatus Diihi. — Stem rouucl, slender, springing from a tuberous rootstock ; branched from near the base with distant alternate ascending branches, the lower of which are permanently submerged, the upper ultimately rising to the surface. Lower leaves alternate, amplexicfdd, flat, or slightly undulated at the margin, e)itire, rarely longitudinally folded and recurved; elliptical strap-shaped, gradually contracted from above the middle to the somewhat rounded base ; apex acute or acuminate ; the midrib is curved, and not quite central, so that many of the leaves are straight on one margin and curved on the other : with one or two rows of elongate cancellate areolations along the midrib, on each side of which are three lateral ribs connected by a few indistinct transverse veins. Upper leaves similar to the lower, amplexicaul, even when opposite and subtending the peduncles, or rarely (on the fruiting branches) stalked, floating, coriaceous, elliptical, with 12 opaque lateral ribs. Stijjules herbaceous, persistent, lower usually small and narrow, ultimately not clasping the stem ; upper larger, those at the base of the peduncles broad, stout, cymbiform. Peduncles usually shorter than the subtending foliage, equal, or only slightly swollen upwards in fruit, 1-1^ in. long. Fruiting spike f-l in. long, cylindrical, dense ; drupelets small, dark green ; imier margin rounded, terminated by the prominent subcentral beak ; outer margin almost semicircular, acutelg keeled; lateral ridges dis- tinct, distant from the central keel. Colour of the whole plant dark green, or reddish green when young, drying darker, or blackish green. When growing, P. falcatus in its early state has the habit and appearance of the serratus-state of P. crispus ; later on, it resembles long-leaved forms of P. heterophyllus, or luxuriant plants may readily be mistaken for P. Zizii. When gathered, the young plants are so exactly like certain forms of P. nitens that it is difficult to find any specific difference. The difficulty of ranging it under any already-defined segregate will, however, be best explained by the following conflicting opinions I have been favoured with by botanists who have made a special study of the genus: — "Looks like crispus x rufescens"; "like an American form of P. Zizii''; "Your plant is certainly a form of P. gramineus" ; "^ heteropligllus form'' ; " ^-i nitens form " ; "■horealis ?" ; " Your plant deserves a name." One more elaborate opinion I quote at length, because it seems to me of great value as a clear statement of the main difficulty to be overcome in establishing P. falcatus as a species : — " I should not feel inclined to refer it to P. Zizii, nor do I see anything which suggests to me hybridity ; I could not place it under heterophyllus ; but I could, and feel disposed at present so to do, place it under nitens. Unless the early and autumnal states of Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27 March, 1889.] f 66 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. P. nitens reveal something antagonistic, I do not truly see how your plant is to be separated therefrom, further than as a var. or sub- species Your plant may quite likely be distinct, and if you can really show that it is as distinct from jiitens as it is from hetero- plnjUus (always speaking of our ordinary British forms), then, to my ideas, it should take equal rank with those two forms — but at present it seems to me too near nitens; this is, I think, the point to be worked out" (W. H. Beeby, in litt., Jan. 1, 1888; see footnote at end). To this point, then, I address myself: I may as well say plainly in the outset that I cannot place P.fakatus under nitens, because I regard the latter plant, as presented in the ordinary British and continental forms, as a barren hybrid. I have never seen a fruiting specimen, and I do not know any botanist who has. It is remark- able that, although all authors describe the fruit of P. nitens, I have never been able to meet with a single fertile spike in any herbarium which I have looked through. Surely the absence of fruiting specimens from such collections as those of Mr. Arthur Bennett, and Mr. Charles Bailey, and from the British part of the National Herbarium at the British Museum, and from the fine collection of British Potamogetous in Prof. Babington's herbarium, is somewhat significant ! Mr. Beeby, too, failed to procure a single fruiting spike of P. nitens from the Surrey stations he so carefully examined throughout the past summer. From a great quantity of fresh specimens he furnished me with from time to time I formed the opinion that, although the drupelets of P. nitens grow up to a certain size, like those of P. decipiens, they are all abortive, and decay as the season advances. This is but negative evidence I admit, but it is of a very strong nature. The leaf-characters of the two plants afi'ord more direct evidence of specific distinctness : in P. nitens the leaves are usually longitudinally folded and recurved, and 12-ribbed ; in P.falcatus they are 6-ribbed, flat, and ascending. The coriaceous floating leaves are more frequently produced in the latter species, and resemble those of P. heteropJujUus rather than those of P. nitens; and, above all, they essentially belong to the barren state of the plant, although sometimes present on the flowering branches. In P. nitens, as far as I have seen, these coriaceous leaves belong to the flowering branches, and are rarely present on those which produce no flower-spikes. P. falcatus never produces the broad perfoliate leaves so commonly present in luxuriant states of P. nitens (var. lati/olius of Tiselius), and the stipules differ con- siderably, approaching those of heterophyllus. Finally, the peduncles are more equal, being very slightly swollen upwards. Turning to other allied forms: — P.falcatus is sufficiently dis- tinguished from P. heterophytliis by its amplexicaul leaves ; from /'. Zizii by the same character, and by the opaque ribs of the coriaceous tioating leaves, those of Zizii being translucent. The entire leaves without denticulations at once show that the resemblance to P. crispns is only superficial, although when growing and in the young state the two plants are not readily distinguished at a glance, even by the most accustomed eye. alD.287. B Moi-g SLTi 'iitia. West Ncw-man ^ Cc irrqc PotaTnogeton varians.Moron^. A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVRAINVILLEA. 67 The land-form is very robust, and differs in some degree from that of any of its congeners. With a general resemblance to that of P. varians, it has very thick coriaceous leaves, which vary in shape from broadly ligulate to elliptical ovate or orbicular. The rosettes of clustered leaves are sometimes formed at the end of a short erect stem, as in P. Zizii, and these stems occasionally produce lateral branches. When forsaken by the water, the already-formed stems continue to produce fresh leaves, which are coriaceous, and enable the plant to grow so freely that I have seen it in flower on the mud of a perfectly dry ditch. It seems as much at home under such circumstances as Utricularia vidr/aris, which flowers freely out of water, and assumes the appearance of a land plant. At present I can give only a single locality for P. falcatus, near Kamsey, in Huntingdonshire, where its distribution over one or two miles of fenland suggests that it was formerly an inhabitant of the boggy margins of the chain of meres which connected Whittlesea Mere with the old River Nene. But I think it hkely that some other remarkable Huntingdonshire forms are varieties of this species, and I have seen plants from other British and Irish localities which probably belong to it.* Explanation of Plates. Plate 286. — Potamogeton falcatus. 1, Upper part of flowering stem ; 2, sub- merged nitens-like leaves ; 3, lanci-form with tuberous stolon ; 4, fruit-spike ; 5, drupelet, nat. size and mag. N.B. — The submerged leaves have only three lateral ribs on each side of the midrib. Plate 287 .—Potamogeton varians Morong ined. 1, Upper part of flowering stem with ripe fruit- spike ; 2, autumnal barren shoot ; 3, tuberous rootstock ; ■4, land-form ; 5, drupelet, nat. size and mag. A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF THE GENUS AVRAINVILLEA Decne. By George Murray, F.L.S., and Leonard A. Boodle, F.L.S. I. — Systematic. The genus Avrainvillea was founded by Decaisne, in 1842, in his 'Memoire sur les Corallines' (Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, Tom. xviii.), on an Alga found by d'Avrainville at the lies des Saintes, near Guadeloupe. The only species described was A. nigricans Decne. * Since the above note was written, T have had a further communication from Mr. Beeby, which, in justice to him, I append, and Avhich strongly supports my views on the hybridity of P. nitens : — "With regard to your P. falcatus, I should not now place it under nitens; after examining quantities of the latter plant in Surrey last year, in various stages of growth, and several gatherings in Shetland, I have found it to be absolutely sterile — a point in favour of the view held by some botanists, that it is a hybrid, I should accord- ingly be disposed to keep your plant distinct ' (W. H. Beeby, in litt., Feb. 15, I8b9). I should be thankful to any botanist who would send me specimens of P. nitens — or supjwsed nitens — in fruit, and would gla'Uy send in return examples of the fenland critical forms, such as P. coriaceus, P. varians, and P. falcatus. My address is — Alfred Fryer, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. F 2 (J8 A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVEAINVILLEA. Ill the same year M. Cbauviii described the genus FradeJia [F. fuliilinosit) in his ' Eechcrches sur rorganisatiou, &c., de plusieiirs genres d'Algues,' Caen, on an Alga found by M. Fradel at Peruam- buco. We have the authority of the MM. Crouan for regarding these as the same plant, and the descriptions themselves bear ample evidence of it. Nothing further is heard of the genus until 1858, when three more generic synonyms were added to it. These were Chlorojiln/ma of Zanardini (Plant, in mari rubro, &c., Enume- ratio, p. 290), llliijiilia of Kiitzing (Tab. Pliyc. Bd. viii.), and C/ilorodi'bViis of Jjailey & Harvey (Ner. Bor. Am. iii.). The abundance of this synonymy is not to be wondered at, since the descriptions of Arrai)irille(( and Fradelia (though, as has just been said, sufficient for proving their identity with each other) are by no means eloquent as to the appearance and structure of the genus. Moreover, there was no figure published of either. Zanardini's L'ldorojdiyma came from Eastern seas, Kiitzing's lihipUut from the Antilles (same region as AvrainviUea), and Bailey & Harvey's Lhloro- dcsnns from the Pacific ; all three have been figured. CJdoyoplcgnm was figured very poorly, and, except that Zanardini himself subsequently added another species to it, this genus also departed into the waste of synonymy. llJiiidlia of Kiitzing, on the other hand, was carefully figured in the ' Tabulae,' and thus became widely known to phy- cologists. He described two species of it, B. knujicaidis and Fi. tumcntosa. The latter, however, is a species of Udotea, as we have been able to satisfy ourselves from an examination of the type- specimen Idndly lent to us by M. Suringar. FJiipilia, however, gained a recognition in systematic phycology, and Prof. Dickie added to it iu ilausoni from Barbadoes (Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv.). The type is with his herbarium in the British Museum, and is identical with Avraiucillca nigricans Decne., according to specimens so named by MM. Crouan from Guadeloupe (Maze & Schramm), also in the British Museum. In 1886 Mr. Murray described (Trans. Liun. Soc.) aiiotlier species of FJiipilia [11. Andcrsonii), from the Mergui Archipelago, where it was collected by Dr. Anderson. This is, beyond doubt:, identical with the Chluroplet/ina papuanwii Zanard. collected by Beecari, since we have been able to examine the types of both in the British Museum, to which institution Dr. Beecari recently presented a specimen of C. papuanuni. It is now Aivain- villea jiapuana. MM. Crouan, in Maze et Schramm's ' Algues de la Guadeloupe,' first pointed out the identity of FJiipilia with ArrainviUea, though it is only fair to claim for one of us that he had independently come to the same conclusion. As for Chlowdesniis of Bailey & Harvey, its identity with Arraincillca has never been suspected until now. The abundant authentic material from Harvey in the British Museum, as well as the specimens of Cldorudesmis i>aclii/])us Kjellin., and the rich material collected by Ferguson in Ceylon (No. 290), leave no doubt ill our minds ; fir.sdi/, that CJilorodcsinis comosa is merely an Anainiillea with the filaments free, instead of interwoven, and the rhizoid mass piobably broken ofi' short ; and, secondhj, that other forms exactly resembling ('hlurodisniis (Ferguson's No. 290) are A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AYRAINYILLEA. 69 young-growth forms conuected by an unbroken series with mature forms of AvrtiinvUlea — in this case A. papmma. The C. pachypus of Kjellman, from Labuan, is a hnk in the chain, having its counterpart, however, in the Ferguson series. Tlie other species of Avrainvillea which do not affect in any way the generic synonymy will be found described in their proper place. The distribution of the genus is of some interest. It occurs throughout tropical seas ; the West Indies and Brazil represent its occurrence in the Atlantic ; the Eed Sea and Indian Ocean possess forms of it, whence its distribution extends through the East Indian Islands to the Pacific. The main point of interest lies in the fact that the Atlantic forms (A. nigncans Decne., A. Iu7i(/icaulis nob., A. sordida Crn. (excl. syn.), A. Mazei nob.) are confined to the Atlantic, so far as is known; and the Eastern and Pacific forms (A. pajmana nob., A. lacerata J. Ag., A. obscura J. Ag., A. comosa nob., and A. caspitosa nob.) are also a group by themselves, not only geographically, but fi'om the botanical point of view as well. The specimens occur in the shallow seas ; from no depth beyond fifteen fathoms, so far as is known. In the practically speaking tideless sea of the Antilles, Mr. Murray found A. lon/ji- caulis and A. sordida Crn. most frequently at depths varying from two to fifteen fathoms, but M. Maze records specimens from the depth of 0)16 metre at Guadeloupe. Dr. Anderson found Aj.. papuana at low-water mark in the Mergui Archipelago. According to Harvey, A. cumosa occurs on coral reefs, but all the other species appear to resemble the West Indian forms in preferring mud and coral-sand. MM. Maze & Schramm say that specimens sometimes occur on the shell of Strornhus ro(Je,Hi)iis C(cspitosa J. Ag. (Till. Alg. Syst. viii. p. 49). Hab. Ad Ceylonam, Fen/uson ! (No. 110), et ad ins. Comoro, Hildebrmidt ! (No. 1895, sub nomine Chlorodesmidis comosm Harv.). 10. Chlorodesmis major Zanard. (Flora, 1874, p. 504). Hab. Ad ins. Lord Howe, Fullciger et Lind. Specimen nullum vidimus. Forsan status immaturus Avrain- villecB comoscB vel A. cccspituscB. Species exchiscB. Bhipilia tomentosa Kiitz. (Tab. Phyc. Bd. viii. p. 12, tab. 28, fig. 1) et AvrainviUea Jcete-virens Crn. (in Maze et Schramm, hoc. cit.f p. 89) UdotccB species eadem sunt. Chlorodesmis vaiicheriaformis Harv. (Ner. Bor. Am. iii. p. 30, pi. xI.d), a Farlow ('Marine Algae of New England,' p. 60) ad Derbesiam tenuissimain Crn. relata est. (To be fnntinued.) / TWO NEW ATHYEIUMS FROM THE N.W. HIMALAYAS. By Col. R. H. Beddome, F.L.S. Asplenium (Athyrium) Duthiei, n. sp. — Rhizome wide- creeping, black, nearly naked ; stipe 3-4 in. long, furnished with a few ovate or lanceolate deciduous scales, glabrous, pinkish ; fronds narrow, ovate-lanceolate, about 12 in. long by 3-4 in. broad ; pinnaB lanceolate, alternate, about 20 on each side ; lower ones gradually reduced, the central ones 1^-2 in. long, i-f in. broad, piunatifid nearly or quite to the rachis into sharply-toothed obovate or lanceolate lobes about 2 lines broad; texture herbaceous ; rachises glabrous, pinkish, furnished with a few deciduous large lanceolate scales ; both surfaces glabrous ; veiulets forked ; sori asplenioid or hippocrepiform, G-8 to each pininile or lobe, /. e., 3-4 on each side on the lower veinlets midway between the edge and the midrib. Collected by Dr. Duthie in the N.W. Himalayas. No. 389, Gaugotee, near the source of the Ganges. No. 392, linder Srikauta, 12-13,000 ft. No. 36G7, at Ralam Glacier, Kumaon, 12-13,000 ft. It is very similar in cutting to Lastrea Brunoniana. Dr. Duthie's three specimens had been sorted into that packet at Kew where they were detected as an Athyrium by Mr. Hope. FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA NEW TO BRITAIN. 73 A/v^THYRiuM) Macdonelli, n. sp. — Rhizome strong, creeping; stipes much thickened at the base, about 12 in. long, furnished with a few deciduous large lanceohite scales, and furfuraceous, as is the rachis, with tawny curled hair-like scales ; fronds pinnate, about 14 in. long by 8-10 in. broad at the base, ovate to deltoid-lanceolate; pinnae lanceolate, about 18-20 pairs, alternate or subopposite, 4-5 in. long by about If in. broad, pinnatifid nearly to the midrib, leaving only a winged margin to the villose partial rachis ; pinnules ligulate, oblong from a square base, about ^ in. broad, cut down about one-third into small oblong lobes ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces naked or nearly so; veins 1 to each lobe, forked or pin- nate, or rarely simple ; sori 1 to each segment, not reaching the margin ; involucres athyrioid or asplenioid, generally very hippo- crepiform, never diplazioid. This in cutting much resembles the more cut varieties of the Ceylonese Dlplaziinn Schkulirii, but differs much in its involucres. It was discovered by Mr. M;(cdonell, of the Forest Department, in the Chumba Valley, at about 5000 ft. elevation. '' --'-■ FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA NEW TO BRITAIN. By Frederick J. Hanbury, F.L.S. The following notes will supplement those which appeared in this Journal for July, 1888, and the few preliminary remarks which preceded the earlier paper are equally applicable on the present occasion. I again visited the north coast of Sutherland in July last, accompanied this time by Mr. J. Cosmo Melviil. We spent several days in the immediate vicinity of Ben Hope, which, with the exception of Strath Naver, was the only new ground visited in Sutherland last year. I spent a few days in the neighbourhood of Settle, on the way north, and about a fortnight among the Bread- albane Hills, on the return south. Of the following species now recorded as British, the three first were not collected by myself. Hieracium lapponicum Fr. By a sm-all stream at the head of Cwm Tarell, Breconshire, by the Rev. Augustin Ley, in July, 1887. Being unable to place this plant under any of the names of the Hieracia already known to this country, I sent it with many others to Dr. Lindeberg. He identified it as the above species, marking it with a note ot certainty, and adding, " Valde inopmatum! " Mr. Ley kindly supplied me with a fine series of fiesh specimens last year, and 1 find these to agree well with Fries' description. H. s/iarsi/oluim Liiideb. The earliest specimen I bave of this very marked species was ctdlected by Messrs. H. & J. Gr"ves on Beinn Cruachan, Argyllshire, in August, 18H3. It lay in my herbarium for some time without any name, Messrs. Groves not being able to place it under any of our previousl.v-known species. Since this specimen was identified by Dr. Lindeberg, the plant has been found by the Rev. Augustin Ley near Penygwrydd, Carnarvon- 74 FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA NEW TO BRITAIN. shire, in 188C ; at the slate-quarries, Bethesda, Carnarvonshire, in August, 1888 ; by the Revs. E. F. & W. R. Linton at Uig, Skye, in August, 1888 ; and in the same month by Mr. W. F. Miller in Glen Lyon. A description of the species will be found on p. 18 of Dr. Lindeberg's ' Scandinaviens Hieracier,' and the specimens collected agree well with those issued in the * Hierac. Scand. Exs.' H. salicifoUum Lindeb. H. corymhosum Fr. pr. p. Cliffs of Llyn Dulyn, Carnarvonshire, 30th August, 1887, by the Rev. Augustin Ley. This again was identified by Dr. Lindeberg himself, and our Welsh plant agrees w^ell with the specimens published in the * Hierac. Scand. Exs.' H. muronon L., pt. var. cUiatum Almq. Among rocks by the Almond, Perthshire, first by Dr. F. Buchanan White, and subse- quently, in his company, by myself. II. diaphanoides Lindeb. Hierac. Scand. Exs. No. 123. The first time I collected this plant was in Teesdale, in June, 1883, when I took it to be a form of H. vuU/atwn Fr. Last year, however, whilst collecting on the limestone scars about Settle, accompanied by the Misses Thompson and the Rev. W. H. Painter, I again found what I believe to be the same plant, and was then sure that it could not properly be placed under H. vahjatum. Fr. The long, narrow, shining buds, densely clothed with setse, and almost devoid of simple hairs and floccose down, and the clean cut of the whole plant, instantly attracted my attention. Normal H. vuhjatum, Fr., as well as the var. rubescens Backh., were growing in the same place, but this plant was unmistakably different to either, and I remarked at the time that it was certainly new. Dr. Lindeberg has now identified my Teesdale specimens as belonging to the above, and I have little hesitation in placing the Settle plants under the same name. In my notes published last July I said that I purposely postponed speaking of several new forms until I had had tlie advantage of another opportunity of studying them in situ. This I had last summer, and I now propose to treat of them in the same brief way as I did of those described in my last paper, and under names which will serve, for the present at any rate, to distinguish them. H. Backhouse!, n. sp. Belonging to the Xigrescentes, but quite distinct from any of our described species. I first collected it, in the company of the Rev. E. S. Marshall, near the Dhuloch, Aberdeenshire, in 188G. On referring the plant to Mr. Backhouse, he thought at the time that it might be an extreme form of H. niyrcscens Willd., but added, "Let Professor Babington decide; I should be satisfied if he thinks safe to give it a new name." Prof. Babington wrote, " I do not think that this is niyrcscens, nor gracilentum. It is very probably new." The subsequent experience of the plant under cultivation during two seasons, and grown side by side with H. jiit/rescens Willd. and //. in 1883 fruitlessly, and the same result attended my searches on the sand-hills along the south side, but it is possible the habitat may have been destroyed by the rapid changes tliese sand-hills are subject to ; I noticed that a signal- tower, marked on my Ordnance-sheet as well on the land, was now more than fifty yards out in the sea, a change that must have taken place within about sixty years. In the following list I have not repeated the localities, save in a few instances, nor the plants, unless from new localities, recorded in my Notes in Journ. Bot. for March, 1887. Plants marked I. are additions to District I. of the ' Cybele Hibernica ' and its Supplement. Ranunculus Godronii Gren. ? I. Bog-ditch, Muckross, near old farm -buildings. This plant agrees with specimens in Mr. More's herbarium, labelled Pi. radians by Mr. Hiern, and also with others labelled Godronii. — B. florihundus Bab. I. Muckross, rarer than Pi. peltatus. — Pi. Baudotii Godr. Abundantly at Blennerville, near Tralee. Castlegregory. Banna. — B. Lenormandi F. Schultz. Killorglin, near Caragh Lake and Eossbehy, many places about Killarney, &c. — B. bulbosus L. Rare in Kerry ; occurs, however, on limestone about Killarney, and on most of the sand-hills round the coast. '^'Papaver somniferum L. Abundantly in waste ground at new hotel, Killorglin, and in old quarries at Ardfert. — |P. Bhmas L. Near Cathedral, Killarney. — \P. duhium L. The only popi^y so far noted as growing in other than the most obviously suspicious stations. Several places about Castlegregory. The Magharee Islands, abundant about Banna. Potato-field near Killarney. Fumaria pallidiflora Jord. I. Near River Laune, in several places. Killorglin. Castlegregory. — F. confusa Jord. Muckross. Spa near Tralee. Castlegregory. "^^Cheiranthus Cheiri L. Abundant on walls of Ardfert Abbey. Arahis sagittata DC. Clogherbrian, &c., near Tralee. Castle- gregory. Sisymbrium Thaliana Hook. Several places around Killarney. ^—S. Alliaria Scop. Ballycarty and Ballyseedy, near Tralee, several places about Killarney. \Brassica nifjra Koch. Abundant near Fenit, Tralee. Ardfert. Ballyheige. Viola canina L. Brown Islands, Lower Lake, Killarney. \Silene anglica L. Near corn-field, Killorglin, and road-side, Eossbehy ; very rare in the county. XiAjchnis alba Mill. Castlelough Bay, Lower Lake, Killarney; very rare in Kerry. — L. diurna Sibth. About Muckross and Killarney. Kerry Head, in several places. Cerastium semidecandrum L. Sand-hills, Rossbehy and Ballyheige. Sagina maritima Don. Eossbehy. Killorghn. Magharee Islands. 88 FURTHER NOTES ON THE KERRY FLORA. Kerry Head. — S. ciliata Fr. I. Near Upper Lake, Killarney. Tralee. Banna, apparently common. \AWiica officinalis L. Sparingly near Eossbehy. Clogherbrian, near Tralee ; in both cases near cottage-gardens. \Lavatera arhorea L. I have this noted from several spots around the Kerry coast, usually in suspicious stations ; however, I cannot but think it native on this coast. IMalva moschata L. Road-side between Ballymalis Cas and Killorglin. Eadiola linoides Gmel. Near Eossbehy and Caragh Lake. Killorglin. Castlegregory. Kerry Head, abundant. \Erodium moschatum L'Herit. Several places about Castlegregory and Ardfert. Euonijmus europaiis L. Common about Killarney Lakes. Bally- carty and Ballyseedy, near Tralee. Ononis repens L. Castlegregory. Trifolium medium L. Limestone bluffs E. of Ballycarty, near Tralee. — T.filiforme L. I. Near the Spa, Tralee. Yicia hirsuta Koch. Aghadoe, near Killarney. Ballymalis Castle. Ardfert. — F. sylvatica L. Eough Island and Boss Island, Killarney. "^'Prunus Padus L. Muckross, in several places; near Foley's Glen, Tralee. Geum rivale L. Mangerton. Slieve Mish Mts. Alchemilla vulgayis L. Limestone pasture near Castle Island ; seems very rare in Kerry. Rosa spinosissima L. Common on sand-banks round coast. Inland it occurs in several places about Lakes of Killarney, and a pretty variety with double pink flowers was gathered in a damp copse near Eiver Laune. — ^R. rubiginosa L. Near Castle Island and Ballymalis Castle, probably planted. Saxifraga Geum L. Slieve Mish Mts. — S. hirsuta L. Fine and typical on the Cormagh Cliffs, Slieve Mish. — S. umhrosa L. Slieve Mish, &c., with many intermediate forms. — S. decipiens Ehrh. Sheve Mish. Drosera anglica Huds. Near Caragh Lake. Bogs near Castle Island. Several spots about Killarney ; rarer in Kerry than the following. — D. intermedia Hayne. In above localities. Castle- gregory, near Eiver Laune, &c. Carum verticillatum Koch. Eossbehy. KiUorglin. Caragh Lake. Milltown. Gap of Dunloe. Glenflesk. Anascaul, on Dingle Eoad ; common in Kerry. — | C. Petroselinum Benth. Abundant on walls of Ardfert Abbey. Slum erectum Huds. Near Killarney. Barrow. Banna. Castle- gregory. Pimpinella major Huds. Several places about Muckross and Tralee. By Eiver Maine ; or abundant E. of Castle Island. Near Camp on road to Castlegregory, and again at latter place. Local, but abundant, whereas P. Saxifraga seems absent. \Anthriscm vulgaris Pers. Eoad-side near Tullig, Killorglin; very rare in Kerry. FURTHER NOTES ON THE KERRY FLORA. by *Sambucvs Ebtikis L. By River Laune, near Killorglin. Galium sylvestre Poll. Abundant on limestone bluffs about Middle Lake, Killarney. \Scahiosa arvensis L. Stony pasture, Upper Glenflesk. Seems very rare in Kerry ; possibly introduced. Antenymria dioica R. Br. Ridge of Slieve Mish, about 2100 ft. Gnaphalium sylvaticum. Several places about Killarney. Glen- flesk. lAnthemis Cotula L. Fields about Ballymalis Castle, &c. — A. nohilis L. Rossbehy. Killarney. Glenflesk. \ Chrysanthemum segetum L. Abundant in fields near River Laune. Cnicus pratensis Willd. Near Ardfert. Rathmore. I Centaurea Cyanus. Near Tullig. Killorglin ; and among flax, Farranfore. Wahlenhergia hederacea Reichb. Very abundant both sides of River Flesk, from River Finnow to Brewsterfield Bridge. Vaccinium Oxyococcos L. Sparingly in a large and very wet bog two miles west of Castle Island. Primula veris L. Ross Island, Killarney. Near Spa, Tralee. Ballyheige ; rare in Kerry. Lysimachia vulgaris L. Wet wood near Muckross Abbey. Ross Island, m several spots. Ballymalis Castle. Microcala filiformis Link. The wet, miserable summer we had last year apparently agreed with this plant well. The largest specimen I noted in 1887 was scarcely 4 in. high, and almost unbranched ; last year the same locality (Journ. Bot., March, 1887) gave me specimens 9 in. high, with branches 5 in. in length. Gentiana campestris L. Kerry Head. Convolvulus arvensis L. Near Spa, Tralee. Castlegregory. Solanum Dulcamara L., var. marinum Bab. Rossbehy. Tralee Bay, in several places. Magharee Island. \Hyoscyamus niger L. Magharee Island, very abundant. IVerbascum Thapsus L. Sparingly in one spot, Killarney; very rare in Kerry. "^'Linaria viscida Moench. At intervals on the ballast of the railway from where it enters the county to Castle Island. Bartsia viscosa L. Like Carum verticillatum, widely spread throughout the county, but rarer inland ; it occurs, however, in several spots about Killarney, Glenflesk, and Glencar. I Verbena officinalis L. Many spots about Tralee, Castlegregory, &c. Mentha Fulegium L. Rossbehy. Milltown. Tullig, near Kill- orglin. Thymus Chamcedrys Fr. I. Banna sand-hills. Calamintha officinalis Moench. Mucki-oss. Clogherbrian, near Tralee. Stachys Betonica Benth. Field S. of Firies, and again N. of River Maine for some distance up lower slopes of Slieve Mish Mts. ; a rare plant in Ireland. XLamium hybridum Vill. I. Killorglin. *Chenopodium Bonus- Henricus L. A few plants by Deenagh Bridge, near Killarney ; appears to be very rare in the county. 90 FURTHER NOTES ON THE KERRY FLORA. FAiplwrhia Uherna L. Glens N. and E. of Castle Island ; com- mon in county further south. ^Humulus Lupuhis L. In a hedge a mile or two from Killorglin, on Killarney Road. I SalLv purpurea Li. Muckross. — IS. Smithian a V^iWd. Muckross, Ross Island, &c. — S. herbacea L. Slieve Mish Mts., abundant. Empetrum nifirum L. Common as a mountain plant, and descends to within a few feet of sea-level at Kerry Head. yeottia Nidus-avis Rich. In many spots by road-side near Tore Mts. Muckross shrubberies, in several places. Ross Island. Killarney. Cephalanthera ensifolia Rich. About half-a-mile E. of Brickeen Bridge, Muckross. Orchis pijramidaJis L. Abundant in meadows near Mt. Hawk, the Spa, and Bleunerville, near Tralee. Ardfert. Several spots about Castlegregory. Ballyheige. — 0. latifolia L. Dmish Island, Killarney. Clogherbrian. Tralee. There seems little to distinguish this plant from 0. incarnata, except its spreading leaves. Are there really two species ? Hahenaria conopsea Benth. Sparingly at Castlegregory. — H. alhida R. Br. Sparingly along banks of River Flesk, and more abundant where River Finuow joins it. — H. viridis R. Br. Near Milltown. Ardfert. Castlegregory. — H. bifolia R. Br. and H. chloroleuca Ridley. Both widely distributed ; bifolia seems the rarer. '''Convallaria ma j alls L. Observed growing sparingly in Muckross shrubberies, in one place only, west of the Abbey, where there is every reason to suppose it was planted. I would hardly have referred to it here, had not Smith reported it as growing in the woods round the lakes, where I can only find Allium ursinum. I am afraid this record must be classed among the author's numerous errors. \ Allium Scorodoprasum L. Thinly scattered through the Muck- ross shrubberies, and found growing in great abundance in the "Green," Sir T. Denny's park, Tralee, and along the adjoining stream. Could Smith have possibly mistaken this conspicuous plant, which he does not record, for Polygonum Bistorta, which he places in the above locality ? Sparganium neglectum Beeby. I. Clogherbrian, near Tralee, &c. Mr. Bennett kindly sent some fruits to Mr. Beeby, who confirmed the plant, but found the seeds sterile. It seems as common in Kerry as S. ramosum. Fotamofjeton nutans L. f. (P. 2Jolygo7iifolius var. linearis Syme). Abundant in Long Range. — P. jwiggonifoliiis Pour. Submerged form? in several spots, with the above. — P. rufescens var. maxim.us Rohlz. ? Muckross boat-harbour, and bay outside it. Lower Lake, Killarney. Bog-hole, Ross Island. — P. nitens Web., var. curvifolius Hartm. Sparingly in lake, Castlegregory. — P. Zizii Roth. I. Doo Lake, Muckross demesne ; and a form plentiful in River Laune from tidal influence to near the Killarney Lakes. — P. fiabellatus Bab. I. Castlegregory. Blennerville. Ruppia spiralis Hartm. I. Stream out of Castlegregory Lake, FURTHER NOTES ON THE KERRY FLORA. 91 and again in the lake, N.W. end. — R. rostellata Koch. Common around coast. Zannichellia pedunculata Reichb. I. Banna. Ballyheige. Eriocmdon septangulare With. Plentiful, but not seen flowering, in Caragh Lake ; flowering sparingly in Loch Beg, a small lake near it. Found in both localities by my friend Mr. A. G. More. Eriophoruni latifoUum Hoppe. I. Banks of River Laune, about a mile W. of Beaufort Bridge. Rhijnchospora fusca R. & S. Bog near Bunclash School-house, Caragh Lake. Two places near Killorglin. Near Mulgrave Police- barracks. Bawnaskehy Bog, Castle Island. Carex dioica L. Clogherbrian, Tralee, Castlegregory. — C. puli- caris L. and C. arenaria L. Common. — C. teretiuscula Good. Clogherbrian and Castlegregory. — C. paniculata L. and C. vulpina L. Not rare. — C. muricata L. Sparingly on limestone bluffs, Clogher- brian.— C. divulsa Good. Many places about Killarney. — C. eclmiata Murr. and C. remota L. Common. — C. Boe7ininghauseniana Weihe. I. Several tufts in a wet wood near Muckross Abbey. The presence of abundant C. paniculata and C. remota growing together induced me to make a close search for their reputed hybrid. — C. curta Good. In a small bog near River Finnow, where it joins the Flesk. — G. oralis Good. Very abundant. — C. stricta Good. Several places about Lakes of Killarney, &c. — C. acuta L. An abnormal form growing near the Lower Lake, Killarney, not far from mouth of River Flesk. — C. rigida Good. Mangerton. Slieve Mish Mts. — C. aquatilis Wahl. I. Banks of small stream near head of Caragh Lake, W. side ; confirmed by Mr. Bennett. — C. Goodenowii Gay. Abundant and very variable. — C. glauca Murr. Common. — (7. limosa L. Near Killorglin; bog W. of Castle Island. Castlegregory, several places. — C. pilulifera L. and G. pi'cBcox Jacq. Common. — G. pallescens L. Many places about Killarney, and one luxuriant cluster found in Horse's Glen, Mangerton, at about 1200 ft. — G.panicea 1j. Common. — j; G. pendida Huds. In great abundance, Ballyseedy demesne, probably planted ; and in grounds at Kilcole- man Abbey, where Lady Godfrey told me it had been introduced from Muckross with Rhododendrons. The Garex seems to have died out at Muckross. — G. strigosa Huds. Very abundant with the above at Ballyseedy, and sparingly at Chute Hall. — G. sylvatica Huds., G. lavigata Sm., G. hinervis Sm., and G. distansJj. Common. — G. punctata Gaud. On wet, rocky ledges, Kerry Head, between Ballyheige and Coastguard-station, scarcely out of reach of spray. — G. fulva Good., G. extensa Good., and G. fiava L. Common. — G. (Ederi Ehrh. Brown Island, Lower Lake, Killarney. — G. Jili- formis L. Near Lower Lake, not far from River Laune. — G. hirta L. Not common. — G. riparia Curtis. Muckross, and near Tralee. — G. rostrata Stokes and G. vesicaria L. Common. The above list is given to show how fully represented the Garices are in Kerry ; a few others will probably be added. Milium effmum L. Near Tunnel Rock, Upper Lake, and Glen in Deer-park, Killarney. Wood N.E. end of Caragh Lake ; sparingly in the "Green," Tralee. 92 FURTHER NOTES ON THE KERRY FLORA. Phleum arenarium L. Castlegregory, abundant. Banna sand- hills. Deschampsia caspitosa Beauv., var. 2)seuclo-alpina Syrne. Man- gerton. Slieve Mish Mts. Tnsetumrl(n-escensBesi\iY. Not rare about Killarney ; fields near Eiver Laune. Spa, Tralee. Ardfert, &c. Arena pubescms Huds. Muckross. Clogherbrian, Tralee. Castle- gregory. Koeleria cristata Pers. Common on coast. Catahrosa aquatica Beauv. Near Killarney and Eiver Laune. Several spots about Tralee. Glyceria maritima Wahl. Common round coast. Festuca rigida Kunth. Several places on coast, rarer inland ; noted, however, at Killarney. — F. loliacea Huds. Not rare on coast. — F. myurus L. Common on walls, &c., about Killarney. Tralee. Killorglin. Ballyheige, &c. — F. sijhatica Vill. Sparingly on rocky ledges by road-side, Upper Lake, Killarney. Afjropyron acutum (uon E. & S.). Castlegregory. — A.jiinceum Beauv. Common on coast. Ijepturus Jiliformis Trin. Castlegregory. Polystichum Lonchites Both. I was glad to find that Mr. Carroll's record of this rare Irish plant still holds good for Mangerton, one small but healthy plant rewarding a somewhat arduous climb ; I trust that others who may happen to find this interesting plant will not disturb it. — P. lobatum Presl. Horse's Glen, Mangerton, in several places ; seems a rare fern in Kerry. Lastrcea Thelypteiis Presl. Cromaglaun ; at the base of Muck- ross and Boss Island, Killarney. — L. Oreopteris Presl. Cromaglaun. Banks of Flesk, and lower slopes of Mangerton. Near Castlegregory. Ophioylossum vulgatum. Near Muckross Abbey and Eoss Island. Botrycldum Lunaria Sw. On an old fort near Castlegregory. Eqidsetiim maximum Lam. Common around Lakes of Killarney. — E. sylvaticiim L. Lower slopes of Mangerton ; rare in the county. — F. liyemale L. Several spots along Eiver Flesk to Brewsterfield Bridge, and along Eiver Laune. — E. trachyodon E. Br. I. Gathered on banks of Eiver Laune, not far from Ballymalis Castle. Isoetes echinospora Dur. Middle Lake and Back Channel, Kil- larney. Abundant m most of the lakes S. of Killorglin. Lake Beg, near Caragh Lake. In a lake S. of Castlegregory. Chara aspera Willd. Near Eossbehy. Castlegregory, &c. — C. contraria Kentz. I. Near Eossbehy. — C. hispida L. Near Eoss- behy. Castlegregory, &c. — C. vulgaris L., var. longibracteata Kuetz. Blennerville. Banna. My best thanks are due to Mr. Arthur Bennett, Messrs. Groves, and my friend Mr. A. G. More, for their kindness in looking over many doubtful plants. 93 JAMES BOWIE. [We take the following sketch from an inter estmg paper on the " Personalia of Botanical Collectors at the Cape," read as an Annual Address before the South African Philosophical Society, by Prof. Macowan, on July, 28th, 1886. It corrects, in some par- ticulars, the previous notices of Bowie.] Bowie was the son of a London seedsman, carrying on business in a humble way at the west end of what is now Oxford Street. He entered the service of the Koyal private establishment at Kew, in 1810, and after four years ' work was detached on collecting service with Allan Cunningham, afterwards well known as a discoverer of new Australian i^lants. They first went to Eio, and remained travelling and collecting in Brazil until 1817. Cunning- ham was then ordered to New South Wales and Bowie to the Cape of Good Hope. Bowie remained here till 1822, collecting and cultivating sufficiently for export to Kew a large number of bulbous and succulent plants, forwarding seeds, and otherwise fulfilling the duties of collector. He states in one of his letters (November, 1826) that almost every Cape plant figured since 1817 was sent home by himself. This is far from being the case, but still his industry contributed largely to the greenhouse collections of Cape plants then in high fashion. One of the most notable of those he sent home was Imantophyllum Aitoni Hook, the beautiful Cyrtanthoid Amaryllid, well known to Grahamstown cultivators from its station in the Howison's Poort valley. Bowie, however, for prudential trade reasons, reported it from " Orange Eiver." In 1822 the Parliamentary vote for the corps of collectors for the Royal Gardens being reduced, Bowie was recalled, and spent some time at Kew, unattached, but engaged in arranging such dried plants as he had accumulated. He seems to have become incapable of regular horticultural work, and though several of his patrons did what they could for him, his want of application and business aptitude pre- vented his thriving. His great pleasure was to spend his time among the free-and-easy company of bar-parlours, recounting apo- cryphal stories of his Brazilian and Cape travels, largely illustrated with big snake and wildebeest adventures. In April, 1827, he returned to the Cape, with the intention of dealing in objects of natural history, especially Cape bulbs. As Villette had just sold off the greater part of his zoological collections, and was giving up his establishment at the corner of Wale Street and Long Street, Bowie hoped to take over the chief part of this export trade. His temper and want of perseverance and tact prevented his making anything out of the opportunity. He writes in a very dissatisfied strain of his prospects : — " There is not a snob, a tinker, or tailor, or any other ignorant ass here but is dealing in cats, dogs, and monkeys, and by the opposition to each other, and re-selling of specimens, the prices are raised far beyond their value, considering risk of sea voyage. There is even an officer of the army who has sometimes forty soldiers told off at a time to collect for him." Again, he falls upon the historic fathers of the Eastern Province 94 SHORT NOTES. with cliaracteristic bitterness : — '' I find Cape Town much the same, but so many of the rascally settlers in it that I have no in- ducement to join in chance company. Those wretches are ashamed of their radicalism, and swear through the world that they are pure, independent, respectable Englishmen." His hopes of finding employment as the manager of a botanic garden, then much talked of, but not started till some years subsequently, were disappointed, and he seems by all accounts to have led an aimless, irregular life, often in great poverty, always complaining of ill-treatments, lack of patronage and appreciation. It was his wont to boast largely of his services to science, forgetting that all he had done was to fetch and carry for pay. The vainglorious character of the man is well illustrated by the volumes of pen-and-ink tracings of the plants in the * Botanical Magazine,' which he used to exhibit as original sketches of plants discovered by him. Towards the close of a wasted life he was, more of a matter of charitable commiseration than for any personal usefulness, employed as gardener by Mr. K. H. Arderne, of Claremont, in whose nominal service he died, 30th June, 1869. Dr. A. H. Haworth coupled this collector's name with a series of plants originally forming part of the genus Aloe, but subsequent writers, deeming the grounds of separation insuflicient, the name Bowiea was dropped. Dr. W. H. Harvey, who, as a resident of the Cape, had some knowledge of Bowie, resuscitated the name in a monotypic Eastern liliaceous genus. Bowiea volubilis Harv. is figured in the ' Botanical Magazine,' tab. 5619 ; it was not, how- ever, discovered by the collector whose name it bears, but by Mr. Henry Hutton, in the neighbourhood of the old Katberg convict station, and has since been gathered in many other places, particularly in Kafirland. SHOET NOTES. Marsupella Stableki Spruce. — Whilst botanizing in May last with Messrs. Sunderland and Byrom near Llyn Ogwen, I found a fine patch of this species in a gully ascending Y Tryfan, above Llyn Bochlwyd. Mr. G. A. Holt foimd it in fine condition on Cader Idris, in June, 1882. Mr. Stabler has also found it on Ben Mac Dhui, July, 1884. These, I believe, are the only stations for this rare species, with the exception of those already recorded — Bowfell, where it was discovered by Mr. Stabler, and Langdale Valley, where it was collected in quantity by Mr. Stabler and myself, and distributed in ' Hep. Brit. Exsicc' I was again fortunate in finding in the Ogwen Valley abundance of the rare Lejeimea microscojnca Tayl. in several stations. — W. H. Peaeson. A new British Festuca. — Last summer I found a grass growing on sandy soil, under trees, at Witley, Surrey, which at once struck me as peculiar. It varied in height from 2 to 4 ft. ; the root-leaves being very numerous, capillary- triangular, and sometimes a foot in length; the upper stem-leaves flat, narrow (about 1 line broad), ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 95 often rather recurved. It was recently included in a email parcel sent to Dr. Hackel, the well-known monographer of the genus, and the following is a translation of his report upon it : — " This is Festuca lieterophylla Lam., a very interesting addition to the English flora, for iihich it was previously quite imhiown. I have, indeed, in my Monogr. Fest. Eur., p. 130, described F. hetcrophylla as F. rubra, subspec. lieterophylla ; but must admit that I have not yet met with any certain transition-forms between the two, a fact which goes far to justify their specific separation. I will ask you to look up the differences in the above-named work (Z. c.) ; I place most reliance on the 'ovarium apice hispidulum' and the 'folia triangularia, scabra' of F. heterophylla . Let me once more con- gratulate you on this nice discovery, which has greatly pleased me." Nyman gives the European range of the plant as from France, Belgium, and Germany (excepting the most northern parts) to Sicily, Dalmatia, and Macedonia. Doubtless it will be found elsewhere in Southern Britain. — Edward S. Marshall. Callitriche truncata Guss. in Gloucestershire. — A few evenings ago Mr. A. Bennett and I were looking over the pond- weeds in the Bos well Herbarium, when we noticed a piece of Callitriche truncata Guss. mixed up with a plant bearing the following label: — '' Potamogeton pusillus. Berkeley Canal, Glou- cester, G. S. Wintle, Aug. 1867." As Callitriche truncata Guss. is one of the very few British plants that are altogether unrepre- sented in the Boswell Herbarium, there seems to be no chance of its having slipped from another sheet ; it would, however, be highly desirable for local botanists to endeavour to find the plant afresh. There seems nothing inherently improbable in its occurring in such a locality. — Frederick J. Hanbury. ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. Bot. Centralhlatt (No. 5). — J. Bornmiiller, ' Ein Beitrag zur Eichenflora des slidostlichen Europa.' — (No. 6). V. v. Borbas, Tilia Pdchteri Borb., n. sp. hybr. [T. cordata x super-petiolaris). — (Nos. 7, 8). J. Boehm, * Starkebildung in den Blattern von Sedum spectahile.' Bot. Gazette (Jan.). — ' Botany in the University of Philadelphia.' — E. L. Gregory, ' Development of Cork-wings on certain trees.' — Lester F. Ward, ' The King-devil ' (Hieracium prcealtum). Bot. Notiser (haft 1). — J. A. 0. Skarman, ' Om Alnus incana f. arcuata.' — F. Svanlund, ' Anteckningar till Blekinges flora.' — K. F. Thedenius, ' Om Potentilla thurinyiaca Bernh. i Sverige.' -- H. Nordenstrom & E. Nyman, * Vaxtgeografiska bidrag till Oster- gotlands mossflora.' — E. Ryan, ' Nogle Bemserkningar om Brachy- thecium Byani Kaur.' — L. Ronell, ' Fungi aliquot novi, in Suecia lecti.' Bot. Zeituny (Feb. 1, 8). — W. Zopf, ' Ueber Pilzfarbstoffe.'— (Feb. 15, 22). J. Reinke^ ' Ein Fragment aus der Naturgeschichte der Tilopterideen ' (2 plates). 96 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. Bull. Soc. Bot, Belgiqiie (xxvi. : pt. 2). — E. Laurent, 'Eeclierches experimentales sur la formation d'amidon dans les plantes.' — E.De Wildeman, * Obsei-vations sur quelques Desmidiees ' (1 plate). — T. Durand, ' Essai d'lnie Monographie des Konces (Rubus) de Belgique.' — A. Wesmael, * Revue des especes du genre Popidns.' — (xxvii.) E. Rodigas, 'Jean Jacques Kickx' (1842-1887 : portrait). — A. De Vos, * Coup d'oeil sur I'bistoire de la flore beige.' — E. De Wildeman, ' Observations algologiques.' — Id., * Observations sur quelques faunes d'Algues terrestres epiphj^tes.' — F. Crepin, ' RosaB Helvetiae.' — F. Renauld & J. Cardot, * Mousses nouvelles de I'Amerique du Nord.' Bull. Soc. Bot. France (xxxv. Sess. extraord. a Narbonne : Feb. 1 ). — P. Oliver, ' Lathi/rus tennifolms.' — L. Vincent, Obituary of Isidore Blancbe (d. Dec. 11, 1887). — E. Mouillefarine, ' Une famille de Botanistes : les Thomas de Bex.' — P. Vuillemin, ' Les Pezizes des chancres des Coniferes.' Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (Feb.). — M. S. Bebb, ' White Mountain Willows.' — T. Morong, * S. American Vegetation.' — T. Meehan, * Gyno-dioecious Labiate.' — T. C. Porter, ' Gentiana alba Mull.' Gardeners' Chronicle (Feb. 2). — Ixianthus retzioides (fig. 19). — (Feb. 9). Habenaria Macowaniana N. E. Br., n. sp. — M. T. Masters, Abies lasiocarpa Hook. (figs. 23-32). — F. W. Burbidge, * Plant Colour.'— (Feb. 16). Eria marginata Rolfe, n. sp.— (Feb. 23). Vanda Kimballiana Rchb. f., Gladiolus Adlami Baker, spp. nn. — H. M. Ward, * Smut Fungi.' — Abies bracteata (fig. 44). Journal de Botanique (Feb. 1). — N. Patouillard, ' Fragments mycologiques.' . Masclef, ' Etudes sur la geographie botanique du nord de la France.' — (Feb. 15). — . Masclef, ' Note sur le Dancus hispidus.' — E. Malinvaud, ' Bammculns clmrophyllos.' Journ. Linn. Soc. (xxv., 3 65-9 : Feb. 2).— C. B. Clarke, 'Plants of Kohima and Muneypore ' (Kadsura Wattii, K. Chamjyioni, Silene vagans, Urena calUfera, Elaocarjnts Braceanus Watt MS., Uraria panicidata, Desmodium Wattii, Bauhinia tenuijlora Watt MS., Bubus calophyllns, Pyrus Kohimensis Watt MS., Kalanclioe rosea, Uligera villosa, Begonia Wattii, B. obversa, B. adscendens, Pimpinella flaccida, Silvianthus radicijiorus, Octotrojns / terminalis, Vernonia cylindriceps, Aster Wattii, Senecio Nagensiiun, S. FJiabdos, S. Dux, Sivertia Wattii, IponicBa Wattii, Lysionotus pubescens, Strobilantlius recuruus, S. ptery- gorrhachis, Asystasia pusilla, Eranthemuvi lateri/iorutn, Justicia anfrac- tuosa, Pogostemon Wattii, Pilea minuta, Liiyaris distans, Bulbophyllum Clarkei Reichb. f., Habenaria urceo lata, Campylandra Wattii, Panicum incisum Munro MS., Erianthus longisetosus T. Anders., Eottboellia Zea, Andropogon Schcenanthus , A. Munroi, A. pteropechys, Deyeuxia scabrescens Munro MS., Brachyjwdium Wattii, Polypodium crenato- 2)innatum, P. Wardii, spp.nn.). Journ. R, Microscopical Soc. (Feb.). — W. West, * List of Desmids from Massachusetts ' (2 plates : Closterium subdirectum, Xanthidium Tylerianum, spp.nn.). — F. Castracane, 'Reproduction and Multi- plication of Diatoms.' Magyar Xovenytani Lapok (136, 137). — L. Haynald, Memoir of E. Boissier. Ta.'b.28 8. ■V:/ R Morgan del .et West, Newman 3:.Co.imp. ] - 5 . Avr amville a longic'aulis : GMurr. etBoocL. (o. .. Maze] G.Murr. et-BoocL. 97 A SYSTEMATIC AND STEUCTUEAL ACCOUNT OF THE GENUS AVRAINVILLEA Decne. By George Murray, F.L.S., and Leonard A. Boodle, F.L.S. (Plates 288 & 289.) (Concluded from p. 72.) II. — Structural. A mature plant of Avrainvillea consists of unicellular filaments repeatedly branched, and more or less interwoven so as to form a stalked or sessile frond above, and a mass of rhizoids below. The filaments of the frond are dichotomously branched, and each branch is constricted at or near its base. In A. longicaulis, where the filaments are moniliform, there is nothing to distinguish this basal constriction from the rest of the innumerable constrictions to which the moniliform appearance is due (fig. 2) ; but in A. Mazei, &c., in which the filaments are cylindrical, the basal con- striction forms a very noticeable feature (fig. 6), and recalls Penicillus, Udotea ciliata, &c. The divergence of the branches varies a good deal in the different species ; \n A. longicaulis they are very divergent, often about 160° when first formed, but becoming less in the older parts of the frond. In A. im^uana the divergence is generally very small, the two branches being often nearly parallel. In A. longi- caulis the frond-filaments taper gradually towards their free ends, which are often much clearer than lower down. It may be men- tioned here that the rhizoid filaments of all the species have the character of terminating in slender branches. The unicellular character of the filaments in most of the species is never or very rarely interfered with, but, in the smaller rhizoids of ^. longicaulis, the wall occasionally becomes so much thickened that the constrictions become septa. The opposite walls at the point of constriction approach one another until a small canal remains, and this becomes obliterated by the further growth of the walls (fig. 4). In ^. covwsa the cavity of the frond-filaments becomes intercepted at the basal constrictions by the formation of stoppers, which, in appearance and mode of formation, exactly resemble those of other SiphonecB, e.g., Codium and Bryopsis. These stoppers are represented in Sonder's figure, Alg. Trop. Austr. tab. vi. fig. 7. In this species the constrictions are only slight, and are situated a short distance above the bifurcation ; but their position is made conspicuous by the stoppers (fig. 12), which may be seen in many stages of formation. In A. ccespitosa we observed a few incomplete stoppers. The cell- wall is uniformly thin, except in the rhizoids of some specimens of A. longicaulis, where it may be very much thickened, as mentioned above. Especially near the apices of filaments, the cell-wall can frequently be distinguished only where the proto- plasmic sac has shrunk away from it. Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [April, 1889.] h 98 A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVRAINVILLEA. The protoplasm forms a rather thin parietal layer in most cases. Tliis is the case in many of the filaments of A. ^japuana, but towards their free ends the layer of protoplasm becomes thicker, so that at the apex, and for a varying distance below it, the cavity is completely filled by the protoplasm. In some filaments this mass of protoplasm is like that in other parts (fig. 9), but in some it is coloured deep reddish brown of varying opacity. When broken into fragments, this substance has a somewhat resinous appearance, and has not the roughly granular structure of the clearer apices. Owing to the dark colour, the efiect of staining reagents cannot be properly observed, but probably this substance is altered protoplasm con- taining a colouring matter. This deeply-coloured mass sometimes reaches the very apex of the filament ; in other cases it ends below the apex with a more or less sharp outline, and is capped with roughly granular protoplasm (fig. 10). The chlorophyll-grains are distributed through the protoplasm very unequally. In some filaments they are crowded, while in others they are very few. As a general rule, they are crowded near the apex of a filament, and become gradually scarcer in passing back from the apex. They are rounded, polygonal or irregular in outline, and always possess a clear central pyrenoid. It is often very difficult to detect the presence of the chlorophyll-grains in parts where the protoplasm is very granular, and their green colour is often rendered invisible by the presence of a yellowish or brownish colouring matter throughout the protoplasm, but by examining the clearer parts of the filaments the clear green colour of the chloro- phyll-grains can be seen in all the species. In A. lacerata there is scarcely any colouring matter in the protoplasm of most of the filaments, and hence the chlorophyll-grains are very conspicuous. The pyrenoid stains dusky purple with iodine very readily. The amount of starch present in the filaments varies considerably in different specimens of the same species, and in different parts of the same plant. In the younger parts of the filaments small starch- grains are often seen in connection with the chlorophyll-grains, either inside them or at the periphery. In the older parts of the frond, and especially in the rhizoids, the starch-grains are often very numerous, forming the chief part of the cell-contents, and completely filling up some of the smaller rhizoids. In A. papuana they are kidney-shaped, in A. cccspitosa spindle-shaped, in A. comosa the same, or irregularly ovoid. The nuclei are irregularly distributed in the parietal layer of protoplasm. They are usually considerably larger than the chloro- phyll-grains, and much more granular. Of the staining reagents that we employed, picric aniline blue was the most successful in differentiating the nucleus. In fig. 11 some nuclei and chlorophyll- grains are represented in a filament of A, papuana; the nuclei are very large, and the chlorophyll-grains few. A yellow or brown colom'ing matter is present in dried or spirit material of all the species. It is distributed through the proto- plasmic layer, and gives the filaments different shades of colour, from greenish yellow to orange and reddish brown. The very dark A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVRAINVILLE A . 99 coloration of the tips of many of the filaments in A. paimana, mentioned above, is probably due to a larger formation or a modification of this colouring matter. We have been unable to determine the chemical nature of this substance. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and is therefore not of the nature of phycophaein or phycoxanthin, neither does it give the chlororufin reaction. In A. longicauUs there are dense brownish masses, similar to those of A. jjajmana; they are sometimes terminal, sometimes intercalary in position. In A. lacerata there is very little colouring matter in most of the filaments, hence the chlorophyll-grains are only slightly obscured, and this species appears much greener than the others, in the dry state. In the living state the fronds of all the species are greener than when dried, having more of an olive- green colour. The change due to drying probably is partly owing to the fading of the chlorophyll, and partly to the darkening of the colom-ing matter, which, however, is present in living specimens of some of the species at^any rate. The frond, stalk, and mass of rhizoids of Avrainvillea, except in the case of A. comosa, and very young specimens of A. j^cipuana and others, are composed, as has been said, of much interwoven filaments. The frond is always more or less flabelliform (figs. 1 & 8), and, except in the cases just mentioned, more or less felt-like in texture. This felt-like consistence is perhaps most marked in the frond of A. longi- cauUs (fig. 1), which is at the same time the thickest one of all. The branching of the filaments is, as has also been said, dichotomous in the frond, at all events, though less regular in the rhizoids— and this branching, being for the most part in the same plane in the frond, produces the flabelliform shape. In the stalks the filaments are rather more densely interwoven, and in the rhizoids of all the species and the rhizome-like structure of A. longicauUs a vast amount of coral-sand, small shells, and a multitude of small marine organisms get entangled. The rhizoid mass of A. papuana, when drawn forth, presents the appearance of a cylindrical mass of crumbling mortar, from the great amount of calcareous matter so enclosed. In the other species the corresponding parts are more spongy, and the substance enclosed is more finely-divided detritus, &c. In very young specimens, such as those of A. papuana (fig. 7) from Ceylon (Ferguson) and Borneo (Kjellman), there is little or no interweaving of the frond-filaments, and this is the case with A. comosa in the mature state, though the rhizoids of the last- mentioned species are interwoven in the characteristic fashion. We do not cite here specially the case of A. ccespitosa, since we have only the immature specimens to judge by — these are very little interwoven, if at all. The binding together, then, of the frond, stalk, and rhizoids is effected solely by the interweaving of the component filaments. In the neighbouring genera, Penicillus and Udotea, other means are employed for this purpose. The incrusta- tion of carbonate of lime in Penicillus very effectually attains this end ; and Udotea, in addition to an incrustation (sHghter than in the case of most species of Penicillus), is further provided with lateral tenacular filaments. In Udotea such means of cohesion are H 2 100 A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTUBAL ACCOUNT OF AVEAINVILLEA. of course necessary, since the frond-filaments at all events are very straight, and run nearly parallel to each other. We have been much struck by the appearance in this connection of the fossil stem of Nematophycus. In describing this type, Mr. Carruthers, besides showing that it is truly algal in nature (and not a coniferous trimk, as Sir William Dawson had, absurdly enough, declared it to be), pointed to PenicUlus and Halimeda, to this group that is, as exhibiting now a similar structure to that of which we have the remains preserved in Neinatophycus. Graf Solms (* Palaeophytologie,' pp. 46 & 86) seems to be inclined to regard Neniatoj^hycus as more nearly related to FncacecB than Siphonea. Against this view there is a good deal to be said, notably the open continuous structure of the tubes, — exactly like those of Udotea, for example, — and certainly unlike anything known to us in FucacecB. The late Prof. Dickie has written as a note on a specimen of Avrain- villea nigricans (his FMpilia Piawsoni) in his herbarium, "In structure nenT Nematophycus j' '' The following reasons, however, appear to point to a closer resemblance in structure between Udotea and Nematophycus. The small filaments that wind about among the large axial filaments of Nematophycus were compared by Mr. Carruthers with the filaments of Halimeda, for example, which branch ofl' and pass outwards, forming the cortical layer of that alga. They resemble much more closely the tenacular filaments of Udotea, and there is in some cases a very strong resemblance between the frond-filaments of Udotea and the axial filaments of Nematophycus. It appears very reasonable to assume that the small winding filaments of Nematophycus are tenacular in function, whether they terminate in actual tenacula or not, since the axial filaments are comparatively little interwoven, and since we have no reason, moreover, to assume that there was an incrustation in Nematojjhycus. What else, we may ask, held together the great trunk of Nematophycus, composed of filaments little interwoven ? There is, at all events, no other explanation at hand of this mechanical problem. It appears therefore extremely probable, after a minute study of the group of Udotece, that we have in this group the living representatives of a gigantic, tree-like, siphoneous Alga, which inhabited the seas of the Devonian age. As for the reproduction of Avrainvillea, we have few observations to submit, and these are not very conclusive. Fig. 5, Plate 288 represents what we take to be the terminal joint of one of the moniliform frond-filaments of A. hngicaulis. It has become sepa- rated from the rest of the filament, and the slender moniliform tube attached appears to be an outgrowth from it. It was seen in the living state by one of us in Grenada. Attempts were made to procure the further growth of the slender filament, but these were not successful. Swollen terminal and interstitial joints are not uncommon in A. hmyicaulis, but these are not, so far as we know, ever cut ofi" by transverse septation. They recal the torulose cells of a SaproUynia, and possibly serve some such reproductive function. At the same time, in the absence of further evidence it is equally open to us to assume that the cell in question became Talo.289. a. jfi. TZ,.- ft-^S Rl/IorgaxL del.etlith. West . Newma-a ^ Co. amp. 7-11 . AvramviUea ^ajpVLaLndL.GMarr.etBood: 12. .. Qomo sdi GMuTf^ et' Bood. A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVRAINVILLEA. 101 detached after the outgrowth from it of the slender filament. In the same species there are occasionally to be "met with certain swollen bladder-like outgrowths from the frond-filaments. One of us observed these also in the living state, and, recalling similar but more definitely-developed outgrowths in the allied genus, Halimeda, he kept them under observation, but without success. A minute examination of a great number of living plants from different localities in the West Indies, of plentiful spirit material and numerous dried specimens of the species described in this paper has been made without further result. As in the case of so many of our native Algse, these plants call not only for careful examination, but for prolonged watching. One individual of A. longicaulis is obviously in the position to produce a number of others vegetatively by means of the rhizome-like structure described. They grow commonly in large patches, and it is very rare under these circumstances to find one unconnected with its neighbours by this means. Strictly speaking, such a connected colony of fronds is one individual. The separation of fronds and stalks may account to some extent for the spread of this species, but it plainly does not account wholly for its distribution, and of course we have to deal with the other species, which have no such rhizomes. The above observation as to the abjunction of terminal, or the separation of interstitial propagating cells, may be a clue out of the difficulty, but the subject of the reproduction of Avrainvillea is well worth further investigation. Explanation of Plates. Plate 288. — Fig. 1. Part of a rhizome of A. longicaulis bearing one large stalked frond, one stalk whicli has not yet formed a frond, and two broken stalks (f natural size). 2. Eather old frond-filament of A. longicaulis, showing dichotomous branching (x 90). 3. Frond-filament of A. longicaulis, showing two protrusions, which are young branches (x 180). 4. Very small rhizoid of A. longicaulis (seen chiefly in optical section) ; the wall is very much thickened, and, at a, the thickening has produced a cross-wall ( x 540). 5. Shore filament, /, attached to a dark body, d, filled with dark brown contents, apparently a bead of a filament, which has become detached, and is putting out a young filament (x 180). 6. Frond-filament of A. Mazei, showing basal constrictions at c (X 120). Plate 289. — Fig. 7. Young plant of A. papuana with free frond-filaments (natural size). 8. Older plant of A. papuana with well-developed frond of interwoven filaments, edged with free filaments (natural size). 9. Tip of frond- filament of A. papuana filled with granular protoplasm (x 250). 10. Filament of same, with dark brown contents, capped with granular protoplasm (x 250). 11. Filament of A. papuana, showing nuclei, n, and chlorophyll-grains, ch (x 250). 12. Filament of A. comosa, showing branching and constrictions, at one of which there is a complete stopper, s, and at the other an incomplete one, s' (x 80). 102 DE. SEEMANN'S STUDY-SET. By James Britten, P.L.S. In a notice of the first two parts of the botanical portion of the •Biologia Can trali- Americana,' I mentioned,* among other col- lections in the British Museum, '' the study-set of Seemann's * Botany of the Herald.' " In the 'Appendix' to the 'Biologia' (p. 132), Mr. Hemsley writes: "The first set of [Seemann's] Panama and Mexican collections is at Kew, where Seemann, assisted by Sir Joseph Hooker and Mr. A. A. Black, then Curator of the Herbarium, elaborated his * Botany of the Voyage of the ' Herald,' ' and not at the British Museum, if that is what is intended by * study-set ' in a statement published in the ' Journal of Botany.' " In the face of this direct contradiction of my statement, it seems desirable to show the real nature of Dr. Seemann's ' Herald ' collections included in the herbaria of the British Museum and Kew ; and this I now propose to do. The matter originally came up in the suit of the King of Portugal V. Carruthers with regard to Dr. Welwitsch's plants, some accomit of which will be found in this Journal for 1875.t Mr. Carruthers there gave the following account of Dr. Seemann's collections during the voyage of the ' Herald ' : — " The late Dr. Berthold Seemann was appointed Naturalist in the Government Expedition of the • Herald ' in the year 1846, and was paid by the Government for his services. In the course of the voyage he made extensive collections of plants, and on his return to England he was employed by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to publish a description of the said collections, and was paid a salary for so doing. The study-set of plants, containing the names of the species, and the notes and descriptions of himself and the botanists who assisted him, remamed his private property, and were purchased from him by the Trustees of the British Museum, and now form part of the National Herbarium under my charge." Inhis affidavit in answer to this statement, on Nov. 28th, 1874, Sir Joseph (then Dr.) Hooker said : — *' Dr. Seemann's instructions were to send the whole of the col- lections of plants formed by him to the Admiralty, from whence they were transmitted to Sir Wilham Hooker at the Royal Gardens, Kew. The whole of Dr. Seemann's collections were so sent home or brought home on his return voyage, and this latter portion Dr. Seemann simi- larly made over on his return. The bulkof the collections was arranged, and some of the duplicates distributed, before Dr. Seemann's return * Journ. Bot. 1880, 90. t It may be noted by the way that the term "study-set" first came into use, I believe, on this occasion : when Mr. Carruthers employed it in his affidavit (2nd Oct. 1874) : — " It is a very unusual thing for a naturalist who has collected new species to part with his own, that is, the study-set. Such set is made specially for himself, and as an authority to be referred to when any questions arise respecting nomenclature." DR. seemann's study-set. 103 to England. On his return to England, Sir William Hooker procured through the Admiralty a grant from Her Majesty's Treasury for the publication of Dr. Seemann's botanical collections. I was residing at Kew at that time, and at his own request assisted Dr. Seemann in the examination and drawings of many of the specimens for such publication. These drawings were, for the most part, made from specimens contained in the herbarium at Kew, and not from any study-set or other collection possessed by Dr. Seemann. After Dr. Seemann's return. Sir William Hooker gave him permission to select for himself specimens from the duplicates that remained over after the arrangement and distribution referred to, and these were to my certain knowledge the only collection of his plants that Dr. Seemann possessed or could have had consistently with his engage- ments. The study-set, wrongly so called, of such collection, pur- chased by the Trustees of the British Museum, consists of plants given to Dr. Seemann by Sir William Hooker at Kew, and the notes and descriptions referred to in the said affidavit are, to the best of my recollection, duplicates of those made during his voyage by Dr. Seemann, together with those which he and others (myself included) made during the examination of the said collections for publication." Dr. Seemann's own description of the collections is given in the following letter to Mr. J. J. Bennett, then Keeper of the Department of Botany in the British Museum : — **22, Canonbury Square, N., '' Sept. 19, 1862. ** My dear Sir, '' DeCandolle, who has at various times borrowed sets of my Herbarium for working at his ' Prodromus,' wrote to me a few days ago, enquiring whether I should like to dispose of all the plants serving as the basis of my ' Botany of the Herald.' I have not yet answered his letter, as I often thought that I might offer them to the British Museum. " There is only one more set in existence, and that is at Kew. All the specimens are glued down on writing-paper, not quite so large as that employed by you, but within an inch or so agreeing in size. They are in good preservation, and all named and arranged in families. If you will look at the ' Botany [of the] Herald,' you will see that a good many authors of note have had the handling of them ; and here are the authentic specimens. They are the set that I was allowed to keep according to agreement. *' My reasons for wishing to dispose of them are because I have no room for them at my own house, and do not wish to keep them any longer at Kew. There are 2000 and odd species, and if you could make any use of them at the usual rate of charge, I should feel much obliged to you. "Yours truly, < 8.* Aspidium (Polystichum) basipinnatum, n. sp. — Caudex erect. Stipes densely tufted, erect, slender, stramineous, 3-6 in. long, clothed throughout with large spreading ovate brown mem- branous paleaB. Fronds lanceolate, sometimes lengthened out and rooting at the tip, 6-9 in. long, f-l|- in. broad, moderately firm in texture, naked above, paleaceous over the surface, and especially on the midrib beneath, pinnate at the base, with oblong simple entire pinnae ^-| in. broad, which are attached to the rachis by a broadly adnate base, pinnatifid upwards. Veins free, copiously pinnate in the pinnae, with ascending veinlets. Sori biserial in the pinnae and lobes, dorsal on the veins, nearer the midrib than the margin. Indusium small, fugacious. — North River, Kwantung Province, Ford 103 ! A very distinct species, allied to the West Indian A, , .rhizophyllum Sw. and A. Plashnicklanum Kunze. A. lanceulatum Baker. Henry 7835. A. Atkinsoni Clarke. Henry 6171. New to China. A. xiphophyllwn Baker. Henry 7838. Nep/irodium efnneaphyllum Baker, Henry 7881. NEW FEENS FROM WESTERN CHINA. 177 117.* N. (Lasteea) Fordii, n. sp. — Rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with large bright brown membranous lanceolate paleae, like those of N. odoratum. Stipe 4-6 in. long, slender, flexuose, stramineous, scaleless, glabrous. Frond fragile, mem- branous, pale green, slightly pubescent, deltoid, 4-pinnate, 6-8 in. long and broad; pinnae deltoid, the lowest much the largest and much produced on the lower side ; ultimate segments oblong, crenato-pinnatifid, cut away on the lower side at the base. Veins free, distinct, erecto-patent, one running into each final lobe. Sori medial, dorsal on the final veinlets. Indusium pale, reniform, membranous, persistent. — North Eiver, Kwantung Province, Ford 104 ! Habit and cutting of N. odoratum Baker, but membranous and finely pubescent, with much smaller glabrous indusia. 169.* N. (Eunephrodium) rampans, n. sp. — Ehizome hypo- gseous, wide-creeping. Stipe naked, stramineous, -^ ft. long, deeply grooved down the face. Frond oblong- deltoid, simply ^ pmnate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, about a foot long, 8-10 in. broad. Pinnae about 17, distant, sessile, lanceolate, 5-6 in. long, ^-| in. broad, crenate, the lowest not reduced. Main veins ^-^ in. apart ; veinlets 6-7 -jugate. Sori copious, small, subcostal. In- dusium minute, fugacious. — Hupeh, Henry 7844 ! Allied to N. ^ sopheroides and zmitiim. Polypodium gymnogrammoides Baker. Henry 6440. P. malacodon Hook. Henry 6170. New to China. 297.* P. (Phymatodes) involutum, n. sp. — Rhizome short- creeping; basal paleae lanceolate, nearly black. Fronds rigid, linear, contiguous, sessile, simple, reaching a foot in length, ^-^ in. broad at the middle, tapering to base and apex, bright green, rigid, with revolute edges. Costa broad and distinct ; veins quite hidden. ■^ Sori oblong, confined to the upper half or third of the frond, filhng up the whole space between the midrib and involute margin. — Hupeh, Henry 6859 ! Allied to P. Leivisii Baker in Journ. Bot. 1875, 201, gathered by Dr. Shearer in the Province of Kiu-kiang. 348.* P. (Phymatodes) subhastatum, n. sp. — Rhizome slender, creeping to a length of a foot or more ; paleae small, lanceolate, membranous, bright brown. Stipes very short. Fronds simple, ovate or deltoid, hastate or truncate at the base, acute, 1-2 in. long, ^ moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, decurrent in a narrow wing halfway down the stipe. Veins anasto- mosing copiously in irregular hexagonal areolae with free included veinlets. Sori globose, superficial, placed in a single row midway between the midrib and margin in the upper part of the frond. — Hupeh, Henry 5450 ! Midway between P. rostratum and Spectrum. 11.* Gymnogramme (Leptogramme) gigantea, n. sp. — Stipe 1^ ft. long; basal paleae large, lanceolate, crisped. Frond ample, deltoid, tripinnatifid, moderately firm, green and glabrous on r both surfaces. Central pinnae oblong-lanceolate, reaching a length of 1-^2 ft. and a breadth of 6-8 in. ; pinnules sessile, lanceolate, f-1 in. broad, cut halfway down to the midrib or more into oblong obtuse segments ^ in. broad. Veins copiously pinnate in the tertiary segments ; veinlets erecto-patent, often forked. Sori Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [June, 1889.] n 178 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE FLORA OF DERBYSHIRE. linear, ^-^ in. long, placed low down on the veins. — Hupeh, Henry 6517 ! Habit of the Old World Asplenium maximum Don and New World A. radicans Schk. G.japo7uca BesY. Henry 7107 Aj 1821. Q6.^^' G. (Selliguea) grammitoides, n. sp. — Rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; paleae minute, lanceolate, brown. Fronds oblanceo- late, simple, sessile, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2-3 in. long, ^-^ in. broad more than three-quarters of the way up, narrowed gradually to the base. Veins anastomosing copiously in iiTegular hexagonal areolae. Sori confined to the upper third or quarter of the frond, oblique, parallel, reaching a length of ^-^ in., not reaching within a space of the edge. — Hupeh, He^iry 5451 ! Szechwan, Henry 7531 ! AUied to G. lanceolata Hook. Habit of the large forms of ^^Poly podium [Graminitis] australe, Ophioglosswn reticulatum L. Henry 5953. New to China. Selaginella tenera Spring. Henry 7661. ADDITIONAL NOTES on the FLORA of DERBYSHIRE. By the Rev. W. H. Painter. The following plants have been communicated to me by the botanists whose names are placed against them, or seen by me since 1881 :— Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix. Via Gellia. Sent me by Mr. C. Bailey as E. Drouetii Godr., but named thus by Mr. J. Groves. Fumaria pallidiflora Jord. Repton (J. H. Burkill). Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Draycott (Rev. A. C. Hasse). Lepidium campestre R. Br. Cauldwell (J. T. Harris). Beseda lutea L. Spondon (Rev. A. C. Hasse). Stellaria media With., var. neglecta Weihe. Matlock Bath (R. Roberts, communicated to me by J. Whitehead). Montia fontana L., var. rivularis Gmel. Charlesworth Coombs (J. Whitehead). Lotus tenuis W. & K. Osmaston Manor (Smith MSS., by which is intended manuscript notes upon the Flora of this county by the late Rev. G. E. Smith preserved at University College, Nottingham, access to which has been kindly allowed me by the Committee of the College). Lathyrus sylvestris L. Weston-upon-Trent (Atkinson and Hasse). New Coanty Record. Rubus suberectus Anders. The Park, Osmaston (Smith MSS.). N. C. R. Potentilla argentea L. Near Sandiacre Church (Rev. F. Atkin- son). N. C. R. Rosa tomentosa Crn., var. subglobosa Sm. Miller's Dale ! {Jide J. G. Baker). — R. canina L., var. sphcerica Gren. Miller's Dale ! — Var. decipiens Dum. Near to Cressbrook Dale ! — Var. coriifolia Fr. Cressbrook Dale and Burbage I {fide J. G. Baker). BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OP BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 179 Pyriis Mains L., var. mitis Wallr. Eepton (E. Candler). Drosera rotmidifolia L. East Moor (G. Scrimshaw). Peplis Portula L. Osmaston Manor (Smith MSS.). Galium sylvestre Poll., var. nitidulum Thuill. Castleton (J. Whitehead). Solidago Virgaurea L., var. camhrica Huds. Topley Pike (0. T. Green). Hieracium argenteum. Fr. Near Matlock Bath ! [Jide F. J. Han- bury). — H. murorum L.pt. ; H. ccEsium Fr., var. Smithii Baker; H. vulgatum Fr., vars. ruhescens and nemorosum Backh. ; and H. tri- dentottim Fr. (N. C. E.). Ashwood Dale ! Leontodon hirtns L. Wirksworth (Kev. G. H. Milnes). Charles- worth (J. Whitehead). Wahlenhergia hederacea Reich. Eepton Eocks, in small quantity, where it was found by a Eepton school-boy (J. Hagger). N. C. R. Pyrola minor Sw. Near Miller's Dale (J. C. Wilson ; comm. J. Whitehead). Hypopithys midtijlora Scop. Matlock Bath (Hey, in Smith MSS., authentic specimen from Miss J. Fox in Smith MSS.). N. C. R. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Eodsley (Smith MSS.). Orohanche major L. Stanton Moor (Hasse). N. C. E. Spiranthes autumnalis Eich. Osmaston Manor (Smith MSS.). N. C. E. Hahenaria albida E. Br. Near Glossop (T. Whitelegg). N. C. R. Jiincus compressm (N. C. E.) Ockbrook (Smith MSS.). Sparganixim simplex Huds. Near Ashbourne (Smith MSS.). Acorus Calamus L. Burton-on-Trent (J. T. Harris). Potamogeton pusillus L. Lake, Osmaston Manor (Smith MSS.). Osmunda regalis L. Near Ashbourne (Eev. E. Fielden). N. C. E. Equisetum maximum Lam. Ockbrook (Smith MSS.). Lycopodium Selago L. Kinder Scout (J. Whitehead). — L. cla- vatum L. Stenior Clough (W. J. Hannan). BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S. (Continued from p. 151.) Hyndman, George Crawford (1796-1867): b. Belfast, 14th Oct. 1796 ; d. Belfast, 18th Nov. 1867. Collected in N. of Ireland. Contrib. to Flora of Ulster. Herbarium in possession of his nephew, Hugh Hyndman, LL.D. * Fl. North-east Ireland,' p. xv. Ibbetson, Agnes (1757-1823) : b. London, 1757 ; d. Exmouth, 1823. Papers in Nicholson's Journal, and Phil. Mag. 1809- 1822. Eees; Pritz. 155; E. S. C. iii. 487; Bot. Mag. 1259; Watt, 532, f. Ihhetsonia Sims = Cyclopia Vent. N 2 180 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Ibbotson, Henry (1816 ?-1886) : b. 1816?; d. York, 12th Feb. 1886. Schoolmaster. Sold dried plants. ' Cat. Flowering Plants,' 1848. ' Ferns of York,' &c. Plants of Castle Howard in Phyt. i. 577, 581. Contributed to Barnes' and Baker's ' North Yorkshire.' Pritz. 155 ; Jacks. 231 ; ' Nat. Hist. Journ. and School Keporter,' 15th March, 1886. Imray, W. (d. 1880) : d. Dominica, W. Indies, 22nd Aug. 1880. M.D. Practised in Dominica and investigated Flora, 1837-1880. Plants at Kew. Gard. Chron. 1880, ii. 361 ; Journ. Bot. 1880, 320. Yaccinium Imrayi Hook. Ingen-Houss, John (1730-1799) : b. Breda, 1730 ; d. Bowood, 7th Sept. 1799. M.D., Vienna. F.R.S. 'Experiments upon Vegetables,' 1779. ♦ The Food of Plants,' 1796. Pritz. 156 ; Rees ; Jacks. 67, 105 ; Watt, Bibl. Brit. 534, o ; Gent. Mag. 1799, ii. 900. Ingenhouzia Bertero = Balbisia DC. Ingenhoussia Dennstadt = Cissus L. Ingenhoussia E. Meyer = Amphithalea Eckl. & Zeyh. Ingenhouzia M09. & Sess. Inglis, Andrew (1837-1875) : b. Edinburgh, 1837 ; d. Aberdeen? 13th March, 1875. M.D., Edinb., 1859. F.B.S. Edmb., 1856. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. 410. Inglis, R. (fl. 1839). Of Canton. Collected in Kunawur. Royle, * Illustrations,' viii. Ironside, Lieut.-Colonel (fl. 1740-1799). ' Of the Sun-Plant,' Phil. Trans. 1740. 'Account of a Banian Tree,' Phil. Mag. iv. 1799, 360. E. S. C. iii. 499 ; Watt, 535, x. Irvine, Alexander (1793-1873) : b. Daviot, Aberdeenshire, 1793; d. Chelsea, 13th May, 1873. Aberdeen Univ., 1824. Lived at Albury, Guildford, and (from 1851) Chelsea. Angel of Irvingites, White Notley, Essex. * London Flora,' 1838. Edited ' Phytolo- gist,' n. s. 1855-1863, and * Botanist's Chronicle,' 1863-1865. Pritz. 158; Jacks. 563; Journ. Bot. 1873, 222 ; R. S. C. iii. 498; Gard. Chron. 1873, 1017 ; Proc. Bot. Soc. Lond. 1839. Irving, E. G. (d. 1855) ; d. Abbeokuta, Lagos, W. Africa, 1855. M.D. Surgeon, R.N. * Notes on the cultivation of Cotton in .... Western Africa,' Journ. Bot. 1855, 297. Plants at Kew. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 167. Irvingia Hook. f. Jack, William (1795-1822): b. Aberdeen, 29th Jan. 1795; d. at sea, on way from Sumatra to Cape, 15th Sept. 1822. M.D. In Bengal Medical Service : afterwards with Raffles in Sumatra. Fl. Indica, i. 48. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 122. Writings reprinted in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. Pritz. 153 ; Jacks. 392; R. S. C. iii. 506. Jackia Bl. = Xantlwphyllum . Jackia Wall. Jackson, George (1790 ?-1811) : b. Aberdeen, 1790?; d. London, 12th Jan. 1811 ; bur. St. George's burying-ground, Marylebone. F.L.S., 1808. Edited Andrews' Bot. Repository, 1807-11. Had charge of Lambert's herbarium. ' Ormosia ' (with plates by Jackson), Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 358. Contributed to Eng. Bot. 1251, 2459. Rees (under Jacksonia) ; R. S. C. iii. 509 ; Journ. Bot. 1886, 137. Jacksonia Rafin. = Polanisia. Jacksonia Br. Jackson, Miss M. A. (fl. 1834-1842). Of Lichfield. Botanical BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 181 artist. 'Pictorial Flora,' 1840; illustrated by lithos. from spp. coll. in Wales, Midland and Northern counties, 1834-1838. 'Botanical Terms illustrated,' 1842. Jacks. 563; R. S. C. iii. 510. Jackson, Mrs. Maria Elizabeth (fl. 1797-1827). Of Somersal Hall, Uttoxeter, Stafford. ' Botanical Dialogues,' 1797. * Sketches of the Physiology of Vegetable Life.' ' Botanical Lectures,' 1804.' ' Florist's Manual,' 1827. Jacks. 563. Jackson , William (d. 1848) : d. Dundee, 12th March, 1848. Ass. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 1840. Treas. Dundee Nats. Assoc. ' Mimulus luteus,' Phyt. ii. 421. Phyt. iii. 109. Jacob, Edward (1710 9-1788) : b. 1710 ? ; d. Faversham, Kent, 26th Nov. 1788. F.S.A., 1755. Surgeon. ' Plantse Faver- shamienses . . . .' 1777. Pult. ii. 272 ; Pritz. 153 ; Gent. Mag. 1788, ii. 1127. Portr. by C. Hall, 1777, m ' Plantae.' Jacob, Rev. John (fl. 1835-1837). LL.D. Master of Devonport Grammar School. Minister, St. Aubyn Chapel, Devonport. ' West Devon and Cornwall Flora,' 1835-1837. Fl. Plym. xxx. James, John (fl. 1680). Surgeon. Made a book of drawings of plants, ''whilst he was in Barbary, being a slave there near twenty years," Petiver, Gazophyl. 57, 66. Jameson, J. S. (d. 1888) : d. Bangala, Congo State, 17th Aug. 1888. Naturalist and botanist to the Emin Relief Expedition. Jameson, William (1796-1873) : b. Edinburgh, 1796 ; d. Quito, 23rd June, 1873. M.D., Edinb., 1818. Went to Greenland, 1818, to S. America in 1820, and lived at Quito from 1826. Prof. Chem. & Bot., Quito, 1827. ' Synopsis PI. ^quatoriensium,' Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 418. Pritz. 155 ; Jacks. 375 ; R. S. G. iii. 532; viii. 12; Journ. Bot. 1873, 318; Gard. Chron. 1872, 1622; 1873, 1151 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. 19. Potentilla Jamesoniana Grev. Jamesonia Hook. & Grev. Jameson, William (1815-1882): b. Leith, Midlothian, 1815 ; d. Deyrah Doon, N.W.P., 18th March, 1882. M.D., Edinb.? F.L.S., 1864. Bengal Medical Service, 1838. Superintendent, Saharunpore Bot. Gard., 1842-1875. Pritz. 155 ; Fl. Indica, 73 ; R. S. C. iii. 533; viii. 12; Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 1882, with bibliog. ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1882-3, p. xlii. Janson, Joseph (1789-1846) : b. Tottenham, Middx., 12th July, 1789; d. Stoke Newington, London, 30th April, 1846. F.L.S., 1831. Discovered Spiranthes cBstivalis in England. Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 80, 301. Jansonia Kippist. Janson, Thomas Corbyn (1809-1863) : b. 1st July, 1809 ; d. Stamford Hill, London, 23rd June, 1863. F.L.S., 1843. Friend of Joseph Woods and E. Forster. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1864, xxix. Jenkins, F. (fl. 1833-1847). Major. Commissioner of Assam. Investigated bot. of Assam. Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 233. " Sent large collections of Assam plants to Nat. Hist. Soc, Cornwall," Hook. Gen. Fil. t. Ixxv. Jenkinsia Hook. = Acro- stichum. Jenkinsia Griff. = Miquelia. Jenkinson, James (fl. 1775). Of Yealand. ' Generic and specific descrip. of Brit, pi.,' 1775. Pritz. 155 ; Jacks. 232. 182 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Jenner, Edward (1803-1872): b. 13th March, 1803; d. Lewes, 13th March, 1872. A.L.S., 1838. Studied Microscopic Algae. * Fl. of Tunbridge Wells,' 1845. Eng. Bot. 2925; Pritz. 156; Jacks. 261 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1871-2, p. Ixix ; Gard. Chron. 1872, 398. Jerdon. Archibald (1819-1874): b. Bonjedward, Roxburghsh., 21st' Sept. 1819 ; d. Jedburgh, 28th Jan. 1874. Cryptogamist. Contrib. to Phyt. ii., &c. Proc. Berwicksh. Field Club, vii. 338, with bibliography. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. 201. R. S. G. iii. 547 ; viii. 25. Lophiostoma Jerdoni B. & Br. Jerdon, Thomas Claverhill (1811-1872) : b. Bonjedward, Rox- burghsh., 1811 ; d. Upper Norwood, London, 12th June, 1872. F.L.S., 1864. Zoologist. Surgeon-Major in Madras Medical Service. Elder brother of preceding. Sent plants to Wight (Icones, t. 1351). Proc. Linn. Soc. 1872-3, xxxii. Jerdonia Wight. Joad, George Curling (d. 1881) : d. Wimbledon Park, Surrey, 24th Oct. 1881. F.L.S., 1871. Herb, at Kew. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1881-2, Ixiv; Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 605. Johns, Rev. Charles Alexander (1812-1874) : b. 1811 ; d. Wui- chester, 28th June, 1874. F.L.S., 1836. B.A., Dublin, 1841. 'Flora Sacra,' 1840. ' Botanical Rambles,' 1847-1852. 'Flowers of the Field,' 1853 ; ed. 21, 1885. Discovered Trifolium strictum. First President Hants Lit. and Philosophical Soc. Eng. Bot. 2792, 2949-50; Pritz. 156; Jacks. 564; R. S. C. iii. 555; Journ. Bot. 1874, 256. Johns, William (fl. 1826). M.D. F.L.S., 1824. Of Manchester. 'Practical Botany,' 1826. Pritz. 157 ; Jacks. 37. Johnson, Charles (1791-1880): b. London, 5th Oct. 1791; d. Camberwell, Surrey, 21st Sept. 1880. Lecturer, Guy's Hosp., 1830-1873. Edited 'Eng. Bot.' ed. 2, 1832-1846. 'Ferns of Great Britain,' 1855. 'British Poisonous Plants,' 1856. 'Grasses of Great Britain,' 1861. Pritz. 157 (incorrect); Jacks. 564 ; Journ. Bot. 1880, 351. Johnson, George William (1802-1886) : b. Blackheath, Kent, 5th Nov. 1802 ; d. Waldronhurst, Croydon, Surrey, 29th Oct. 1886; b. St. Peter's burial-ground, Croydon. F.L.S., 1830. Founder and editor of ' Cottage Gardener,' 1849, and ' Journal of Horticulture, 1860. Contributed to Loudon's Gard. Mag. from 1826. ' History of Gardening,' 1829. ' Dictionary of Gardening,' 1846. Pritz. ed. i.l32 ; Jacks. 564 ; Journ. Hort. lx\4 (1881), p. 11, with portr., reprinted in Ixxv, 401. Johnson, Thomas (d. 1644): b. Selby, Yorkshire; d. Basing House, Hants, Sept. 1644. Apothecary. M.D., Oxford, 1643. Lieut. -Col. Lived in Lincolnshire, Ger. em. 74, and had physic garden on Snow Hill in 1633. ' Iter .... Cantianum,' 1629. • Enumeratio pi. in ericet. Hamsted.,' 1632. Gerard's Herball enlarged and amended, 1633. ' Mercurius Botanicus,' 1634 and 1641. 'Opuscula,' reprint, 1847. Pult. i. 126-134; Rees ; Pritz. 157; Jacks. 564; Fl. Midd. 369; Cott. Gard. vi., 313; Wo >d. Athen. Ox. Johnwnia Miller = Callicarpa L. John- snia R. Br. Johnsonia Adans. = Cedrela. (To be continued.) 183 SHORT NOTES. Rake Plants in Somersetshike. — Last July I gathered Cicuta virosa L., and Rhyncliospora fmca Sm., on the " Turf," or Burtle, Moor, near Shapwick. I am mformed by Mr. James W. White, F.L.S., of Chfton, that these plants have but rarely been seen in the locality of late years. Both appear in a list of Turfmoor plants, published by the late Mr. Thos. Clark, of Bridgwater, in the * Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society,' for the years 1856-7, where he says of the Rhyncliospora, ** In shallow, partially dry pits and reenes, in the heathy ground, sparingly interspersed with B. alba.'' The plant was known also to the late Wm. Sole as far back, at least, as 1782 ; for in his MS. flora of that date it is recorded, under the Linnean name of Schcenusfuscus, as growuig in " Burtle Moor, near Mark." A list of plants gathered near Shapwick, by Broome, of Bath, about the year 1855, includes C. virosa and R. fusca ; and the former was found by Miss M. W. Mayow many years ago, at Burnham (Som.), and at Easton in 1880, but we are not aware of any further record for either plant in North Somerset. I noticed only a very few plants of Rhynchospora, but there were perhaps a dozen of the Cicuta growing in a ditch, which was at the time somewhat flooded. I have also specimens of Rubus saxatilis L., from a wood near Banwell Castle on the Mendip Hills, where it was seen in the summer of 1883. This Rubus is scarce in N. Somerset, and has only been seen in one other locality, viz., at " Asham Wood, S.W. of Frome, in June, 1883, by the Rev. R. Murray." Althcea officinalis, gathered in a ditch at Dunball last August, and Vicia latkyroides in July on the Burnham Sandhills, are worthy of mention. Two other good plants, of extreme rarity in the district of the Bristol Coal-field, namely, Anthemis nobilis and Lepidium Smithii, were observed last summer; the first on Brean Down, and the latter near Uphill. Neither was plentiful. Last of all, but, as I now find, of very great interest, is a specimen of Poly- gonum maritimum, which I found on Burnham Sandhills in July, 1882. Mr. White tells me it is undoubtedly the true plant. This species has never before been recorded from the county of Somerset, and being one of the rarest British plants I hope that, although only a single example was perceived, it may still exist on the shore of the Bristol Channel.— H. S. Thompson. Curious Form of Corylus Avellana. — This was found near Settle, Yorkshire, on March 27th last. In three or four instances, on the same tree, two heads of pistillate flowers had grown at the base of an undeveloped male catkin. The stigmas were numerous, very large, and of a most brilliant colour, which was also the case with all the gynoecia on that tree.— R. F. & F. P. Thompson. Irish Potamogetons. — At page 86 Mr. Scully gives some notes I sent to Mr. Bennett on the Kerry Potamogetons. That on " P. polygonifolius, submerged form," has accidentally been reproduced in a manner which is not only misleading, but quite unintelligible as it stands, and commits me to views I do not really entertain. 184 SHORT NOTES. May I ask readers of Mr. Scully's paper to ignore that note and to read as follows: — "This plant seems to be P. Lonchitis, the American form ! Not the Irish 'Lonchitis ' distributed by Messrs. Linton ; which I cannot make agree with the American plant — especially in fruit-characters — nor either of them with the fenland P. fluitmis.''' The beautiful specimens of "P. pohjgonifolius var. Imearis Syme," collected by Mr. Scully, are simply the ordinary phyllodial state of P. nutans; I can match these exactly with specimens of P. natans gathered in my pond to-day. This is not a *' barren," but merely a young, state of the plant ; and if it does not fruit in the Kerry locality, that is probably owing to un- favourable local conditions only. These narrow leaves are produced throughout the whole season of growth, and are even to be met with in young branches springing from stems which bear ripe fruit ; they are the so-called " submerged leaves " of P. natans, and as they are much longer than the upper leaves they ultimately ascend to the surface and float there for a few weeks until they decay. They are true leaves and float with the upper surface exposed to the air. This exposed part of the leaf is the first to decay, and the lower part, or petiole, has been described as per- sistent ; but (although I must plead guilty to having fallen into the same error) it is not really so. In my very extensive series of P. natans, collected in widely separated localities, both British and foreign, I can find no specimens of truly " persistent petioles"; nor can I remember ever having seen such. Actually, these leaves decay gradually, the lamina first, the petiole soon afterwards. As far as my observations go, the so-called " persistent petioles" are linear-leaved young shoots like Mr. Scully's "var. linearis.'' If I am wrong I hope some one will kindly correct me by sending a specimen of P. natans with truly persistent leaf- stalks. The joint at the upper part of the petiole is well defined in the more mature Kerry specimens, so no reasonable doubt can exist as to their being true P. natans. In 1885 Mr. Beeby sent me a similar form from Surrey, which has grown and fruited in my pond, and is typical natans, though of more slender growth and smaller in all its parts than the plant of our " fat " fenland waters usually is. With the Surrey and Kerry plants I place " P. polygoni- folius V. pseudo-Jlidtans Syme. Eecess. Galway, 1885," distributed through the Exchange Club by Messrs. Linton. — Alfred Feyer. Primula Hybrids. — P. veris x vulgaris, gathered in E. Suffolk last May, has behaved oddly in cultivation. It commenced to flower in January, the blossoms at first being almost exactly like those of vulgaris. It has gradually shaded off towards veris, the stalked umbels growing more and more pronounced, and the colour deepening, till it is now (end of April) nearer the latter parent in appearance. The Kev. K. P. Murray has shown me fresh speci- mens of natural garden hybrids of P. vulgaris x elatior and P. veris X elatior, v/hich are just like the wild hybrids from Saffron Walden. In the second case the fertilisation must have been due to insects, as P. veris grows only at some little distance. In 1887 I found P. vulgaris x elatior in a wood where no vulyaiis was to be SHOBT NOTES. 185 seen, and its polleti must have been conveyed a long way. — Edward S. Marshall. West Cornish Plants. — In a short visit to Helston and Lizard Town, last October, I met with the following plants, not recorded for the vice-county by Watson : — Hieracium vulgatum Fr. (seg.) ; near Helston. Carex (Ecleri auct. ; moor near Kuan Minor. Poly- gonum minus Huds. ; queried ** 1 or 2 Cornwall ? " occurs very sparingly on the green at Lizard Town. P. maculatum Dyer and Trimen, only noted as from Scilly, appears to be not uncommon in cultivated ground about Lizard Town and Kuan Minor. A curious form of Hieracium umbellatum L., with broad, entire leaves, occurs in woods near Helston (I also saw the type near Kuan Minor). In moist spots on the heaths, in several i3laces, a very small Erythraa was gathered, which Prof. Wittrock names " E. centaurium Pers., forma nana contracta.'' It differs considerably in habit from the dry-soil var. capitata Koch. Solidago Virgaurea L., c. cambnca (Huds.) is well-marked on the cliffs towards Kynance, as is a very dwarf state of Centaurea nigra L., b. decipiens (ThuilL). — Edward S. Marshall. Hypericum linariifolium Vahl. in Caernarvonshire. — The Rev. W. Hunt Painter has sent to me specimens of this plant found by him in July, 1888, with " H. imlchrum, on a rock bank at the angle of the road to Boduan from Pwllheli, which is one mile west of the latter place." This is an interesting discovery, as the plant was supposed to be confined to Devon and Cornwall and Jersey. A specimen is placed in the herbarium of the British Museum, South Kensington. — C. C. Babington. Caithness Botany. — At p. 152 Mr. Britten notices a mis- quotation under Melampynmi sylvaticum in the list of Caithness plants which Mr. Grant and I are contributing to the ' Scottish Naturalist.' Curiously enough, there is a misprint in Mr. Britten's quotation, where *' nr." should be " Mr." I am glad to have the opportunity of correcting the note, as I should like to mention some Caithness plants about which we want further information. They are — Thalictrum flavum (perhaps elatum was meant), Malva moschata, Rubus ccBsius?^ Dry as octopetala, Saxifraga ojypositifolia, Sedum anglicum, Epilobium hirsutum, Menyanthes trifoHata, Luzula spicata, Carex teretiuscula, Athyrium alpestre, Isoetes laciistris, &c. I hope at some future time that we shall be enabled to publish a critical revision, with remarks and additions. — Arthur Bennett. Norfolk Plants. — A Crepis which I gathered last summer near Norwich, and which I felt doubtful about, as all my specimens were rather immature, the Rev. W. R. Linton detected as being C. taraxacifolia Thuill. In consequence of this suggestion, which is no doubt correct, it dawned upon me that some plants I had gathered the previous year at Acle, and had considered to be C. biennis L., not giving them a careful examination at the time, were also C. taraxacifolia. Both these stations are in Norfolk East. While working out the Norfolk specimens, I discovered that a plant which had lain dormant in my herbarium, labelled Crepis biennis L., 186 THE MOSS FLORA OF FIFE AND KINROSS. and which had been gathered years ago by Mr. E. G. Varenne at Aldham, in Essex, was also C. taravacifoUa, one or two of the heads being well developed enough to make this quite certain. Thus 0. taraxacifolia proves to be a North Essex plant ; it is already recorded by Mr. Varenne for South Essex ; and the record of C. biennis for N. Essex is not affected, as it rests on other authority. I have also gathered C. biennis in E. Norfolk, in the parish of Thorpe, near Norwich, and I believe this is a record which has not yet been published for the east division of the county. In the same parish, by the river-side, grow several bushes of Salix undulata Ehrh., to which Mr. James Groves first called my attention in August, 1884. I have since gathered fruit on two or three occasions, aad proved Mr. Groves' surmise to be right. Sparganiutn minimum Fr. appears to have been gathered fifty years ago in Wretton Fen, near Stoke Ferry ; this is in Norfolk West ; the specimen is in the Salmon Herbarium at Norwich, collected by Mr. Salmon himself. — E. F. Linton. NOTICES OF BOOKS. The Moss Flora of Fife and Kinross. By Charles Howie. Cupar, 1889. 8vo. 5s. This little book consists of some 116 pages of large type, wherein 295 species — about one half of the whole British Moss- flora — are enumerated as occurring in the two counties of Fife and Kinross, some of the rarer species being found at Tents Moors. For purposes of field-work the book will doubtless prove very useful from its conveniently small size, its simple descriptions, and indi- cations as to where the plants may be found. But whatever its good points may be, we regret to say that they are outweighed by the innumerable misprints. The production of County Floras is a thing that deserves to be encouraged by all means : but such careless, hasty work as this cannot be allowed to pass without protest. We cannot believe that the proof-sheets have ever been revised. Few, if any pages, are entirely free from errors ; in fact, an average of three or four may be expected. But two prominent pages far exceed this average : — (1) In the '* Contents of the Genera," of which there are 87, no less than 12 are mis-spelt {e.g., under the letter C we find "Campothecium," **Catiscopiura," "Climaceum," "Cynodotium," and "Cryphae"); (2) in the explanation of the '•abbreviations" we are told that '*Bla." stands for "Bland," "Dill." for "Dillenens," "Horn." for "Hornsch" (who occurs again below as "Hornschach"), "Lim." for "Limberg," "Linn." for "Linneas," "P. & B." for "Paliot de Beauvois" (while in line 1 "Beau." stands for "Beauvois," and on p. 61 we find "P. Bean"), *'Sch." for " Schwaregricher " (who on p. 45 figures as " Schwae- grechin"), " Schl." for "Schleich," "Wach." for " Wachlenberg," •' W." for " Web." A. G. ABTIOLES IN JOUBNALS. 187 New Books. — H. Baillon, ' Traite de Botanique Medicale Cryptogamique ' (Paris, Doin : 8vo, pp. 376: 370 cuts). — F. Balsamo, ' HomonymiaB Algarum in plantis animalibusque tentamen' (Naples : 8vo, pp. 24). — H. de Vries, ' Intracellulare Pangenesis ' (Jena, Fischer : 8vo, pp. vi. 212). — R. Hartig, ' Lerbuch der Baumkrankheiten ' (Berlin, Springer: Bvo, pp. ix. 291 : 137 cuts). — G. S. BouLGER, ' The Uses of Plants ' (London, Roper & Drowley : Bvo, pp. 224: 6s.). — J. Grisard & M. Vanden-Berghe, ' Les Palmiers Utiles et leurs Allies' (Paris, Rothschild: 4to, pp. 231: tt. 16, 120 cuts). — L. Trabut, 'Etude siu- I'Halfa (Stipa tenacissima) ' (Alger, Jourdain : 8vo, pp. vii. 91, tt. 22). — A. Viallanes & J. D'Arbaumont, ' Flore de la Cote d'Or ' (Dijon : 12mo, pp. Ixx. 525). — M. Reclu, ' Manuel de I'Herboriste ' (Paris, Bailliere : Bvo, pp. 160, 52 cuts). — J. H. Maiden, ' The Useful Native Plants of Australia ' (London, Triibner : Bvo, pp. xii. 696). — J. Bel, ' Les Champignons superieures du Tarn ' (Paris, Bailliere : Bvo, pp. 199 : 82 col. plates). — A. Geheeb, ' Neue Beitrage zur Mossflora von Neu-Guinea ' (Cassel, Fischer : 4to, pp. 12, tt. 8). Articles in Journals. Ann. Sciences Naturelles (7th Series, viii. Suppl. : March). — P. van Tieghem & H. Douliot, ' Recherches comparatives sur I'origine des membres endogenes dans les plantes vasculaires.' Bot. Centralblatt. (Nos. 16, 17). — E. Dennert, 'Anatomie und Chemie des Blumenblatts.' — R. Hesse, ' Zur Entwickelungs- geschichte der Tuberaceen & Elaphomyceten.' — (Nos. 18-20). P. Dietel, ' Ueber Rostpilze, deren Teleutosporen kurz nach ihrer Reife keimen.' — (Nos. 18, 19). 0. Loew & T. Bokorny, ' Ueber das Verhalten von Pflanzenzellen zu stark verdiinnter alkalischer Silberlosung.' — (No. 18). R. Hegler, ' Thallin, ein neues Holz- reagens.' — (Nos. 21, 22). C. Ochsenius, ' Ueber Maqui.' Bot. Gazette (April). — F. Renauld & J. Cardot, ' New Mosses of N. America' (3 plates). — S. Coulter, 'Histology of leaf of Taxodium.' — B. D. Halsted, *A modification of the versatile anther.' — T. Meehan, ' Winter leaves of Corydalis glauca and C.Jiavula.' Bot. Notiser (heft. 3). — A. N. Lundstrom, * Om regruppfangande vaxter.' — K. Johansson, ' Bidrag till Gotlands vaxtgeografi.' — W. Billow, ' Bidrag till Skanes svampflora.' — J. Forsell, ' Anteck- ningar ofver Rhinanthaceernas anatomi.' Bot. Zeitung (Ap. 12, 26 ; May 3). — J. Wortmann, ' Beitrage zur Physiologic der Wachsthums.' — (Ap. 19 ; May 10). H. de Vries, ' Ueber die Permeabilitat der Protoplaste fiir Harnstoff.' Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxvi., pt. i. (May 1). — L. du Sablon, ' Observations sur la tige des Fougeres.' — A. Chabert, ' Note sur la Flore d'Algerie ' [Paonia algeriensis, Alyssum DjurdjurcB, Pimpinella Battandieri, P. Djurdjurce, Scabiosa Djurjw'a, Artemisia Kahylica, Daphne Kahylica, spp. nn.). — B. Martin, ' Les Iheris de la Flore du Gard.' — E. Blanc, ' Notes recuillies dans le sud de la Tunisie.' — L. Trabut, ' De Djidjelli aux Babors.' 188 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (April). — J. Macoun, ' Contributions to Bryology of Canada.' — E. A. Schultze, * Descriptive List of Staten Island DiatomaceaB ' (1 plate). — J. W. Eckfeldt, ' New N. American Lichens.' — E. G. Britton, * Contribution to N. American Bryology' (1 plate). — (May). N. L. Britton, ' Note on N. American species of Tissa' (= Lepigonum). — B. D. Halsted, ' Germination of Pollen.' — Id., * Observations on Pollen Measurements.' Gardeners'' Chronicle (Ap. 20). — R. A. Rolfe, ' List of Garden Orchids' Broughtonia, Epicattleija, Cattleya). — (Ap. 27 & May 4). M. T. Masters, ' Skimmias ' (figs. 89-91, 94). — (Ap. 27). N. E. Brown, ' Bambusa tessellata and B. Veitchii.' — (May 11). M. Foster, * Iris caucasica and /. orchioides.' — (May 18). Memoir of H. G. Reichenbach (portrait). — (May 25). Muscari Maweanum Hort. Leichtlin, sp. n. Journal de Botanique (Ap. 16). — P. Maury, Enumeration des plantes du Haut-Orenoque ' [Selaginella orinocensis, Polypodium aturense, spp. nn.). — E. Mer, 'Influence de I'exposition sur I'ac- croissement de I'ecorce des Sapins.' — E. Roze, ' La Flore d'Etampes en 1747.' — (May 1). M. Granel, ' Recherches sur I'origine des su9oirs des Phanerogames parasites ' (1 plate). — P. Hariot, ' Liste des Algues recuillies k I'lle Miquelon ' {Delamarea, gen.nov.). — ■ P. Maury, * Plantes du Haut-Orenoque ' [Andropogon aturensis, Paspalium Chajfanjonii^ Eragrostis incana, spp. nn.). — (May 16). N. Patouillard, * Fragments Mycologiques.' — C. Sauvageau, * Sur la racine des plantes aquatiques ' (Zostera, Cymodocea, Posidonia). Journ. Linn. Soc. (London) xxvi., No. 173 (Ap. 30). — F. B. Forbes & W. B. Hemsley, Flora of China {Stylidece — Loganiacem : Adenophora capillai'is, A. stenophylla, A. pubescens, A. remotidens, A. rupincola, Vaccinium Henry i, V. iirceolatum, Pieris? Swinhoeiy Rhododendron aucubcefolium, R. Augustinii, R. auriculatum, R. con- cinnum, R. Faberii, R. Hanceanum, R. hypoglaucum, R. pittosporce- folium, R. Westlandii, Lysimachia auriculata, L. capillipes, L. circcBoides, L. congestijiora, L. crispidens (t. 1), L. opheUoides, L» paludicola, L. parvifolia Franchet, L. pterantha (t. 2), L. riibigi7iosa, L. simulam, L. stenosepala^ Myrsine Playfairii, Enibelia oblong if olia, Ardisia ajffinis, A. caudata, A. Faberii, A. Fordii, A. Henryi, A. trijiora, Sarcosperma / pedunculata, Diospyros arcuata, D. rhombifolia, D. sinensis, Halesiaf Fortunei, Jasminum inornatum, J. pachyphyllum, J. sinense, J. urophyllum, Fraxinus bracteata, Osmanthits Fordii, Ligustrum deciduum, L. Henryi, L. stronglophyllum, Anodendron ? Benthamianum, Pycnostelma lateriflorum, Holostemma sineyise, Cynan- chum affi,ne, C. Fordii, C. liiuarifolium, C. stenophyllum, C. verticil- latum, Pentatropis officinalis, Henrya (gen. nov. Cynanchearum) Augv^tiniana, Marsdenia sinensis, Dregea sinensis, Buddleia albijlora, B. variabilis, spp. nn., all of Hemsley). Notarisia (April). — G. B. De Toni & D. Levi-Morenos, * Guiseppe Meneghini' (30 July, 1811-28 Jan. 1889 : portrait). Nuovo Oiomale Bot. Italiano (Ap. 15). — C. Massalongo, * Nuovi Miceti deir agro Veronese.' — A. Piccone, 'Alghe della crociera del LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. jj^Qf 'Corsaro' alle Azzorre.' — H. Eoss, * Tessuto assimilatore e peri- derma' (1 plate). — L. Micheletti, 'Index in Lichenes Italise.' — U. Martelli, * Case teratologico nella Magnolia anonafolia' (1 plate). L. Maccbiati, ' Synedrella pulchella var. abnormis.' — G. Cicioni, * Myosotis intermedia & Polygonum dumetorum,' — A. Goiran, 'Alcune notizie sulla Flora Veronese ' (Potentilla hcsmatosticta, sp. n.). — G. Arcangeli, ' Sulla fruzione trofilegica delle foglie.' — L. Macchiati, * Le Diatomacee della fortezza di Castelfranco.' — G. Arcangeli, * Sulla struttura dei semi delle Victoria regia.^ — Riccia atromarginata Levier, sp. n. — U. Martelli, ' Sul Polyponis gelsoriim Fr.' — L. Celotti, * Contribuzione alia Micologia Komana.' — C. Avetta, * Contribuzioni alia Flora dello Scioa' (Eriosema Scioamim, Werneria Antinorii, Vernonia Antinoriana, spp. nn.). — E. Pirotta, * Osservazioni sopra alcune fungbi' {Pseudolizoina, gen. nov.). — A. Terraciano, ' Le Viole Italiane spettante alle sezione Melanium.' Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (May). — M. Willkomm, ' Nachtrag zu meinen Mittbeilungen liber einige kritisebe Labiaten der Spaniscb- Baleariscben Flora.' — W. Voss, * Carl Descbmann ' (3 Jan. 1821- 11 Marcb, 1889). — J. Freyn, * Ueber einige kritisebe Arabis- Avten.' 7— J. A. Baumler, * Mycologiscbe Notizen.' — D. Hire, * Nacbtrage zur Flora von Buccari.' — E. v. Halacsy, ' Viola Eichenfeldii [adri- atica X scotophylla).' — H. Braun, ' Systematiscbe Uebersicbt und Verbreitung der Gattung Thymus in Nieder-Oesterreicb.' — B. Blocki, ' Rosa Ciesielskii, sp. n.' — ' Cbronik der Pflanzenwanderung. Galinsoga pa^Dijiora.' LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. April 18, 1889. — Mr. Carrutbers, F.E.S., President, in the chair. — The Eev. E. Collie was admitted a Fellow of the Society, and the following were elected: Messrs. P. Griffon, T. W. Shore, and E. W. Scully. — Mr. J. E. Jackson, Curator of the Museum, Kew Gardens, exhibited specimens illustrating the mode of collect- ing at Icbang, China, the varnish obtained from Rhus vernicifera^ so largely used by the Chinese and Japanese for lacquering. — On behalf of Mr. Henry Hutton, of Kimberley, some photo- graphs were exhibited, showing the singular parasitic growth of Cuscuta appendiculata on Nicotiana glaiica. — Dr. Masters gave a summary of a paper *' On the Comparative Morphology and Life- history of the CojiifercB,'' a review of the general morphology of the order, based upon the comparative examination of living speci- mens in various stages of development. These observations, made in various public and private "pineta," supplemented by an examination of herbarium specimens, demonstrated the utility of gardens in aid of botanical research. The mode of germination, the polymorphic foliage, its isolation or "concrescence,"' its in- ternal structure, the arrangements of the buds, the direction and movements of the shoots, were all discussed. In reference to the male and female flowers, the author described their true nature, tracing them from their simplest to their most complex, or most 190 LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. highly differentiated, condition, and showed that, so far as known, the histological structure and development were essentially the same throughout the order. Various special forms, such as the needles of Finns, the phylloid shoots of Sciadopitys, and the seed- scales of AhietinecB, were described, and their significance pointed out. The phenomenon of enation, with the correlative inversion of the fibro- vascular bundles in such outgrowth, was considered in relation to the lights it throws upon certain contested points in the morphology of the order. The chief teratological appearances noted in the order were detailed, and the significance discussed. The various modifications were shown to be purely hereditary or partly adaptive, and dependent on permanent or independent arrest, excess, or perversion of growth and development, and to various correlative changes. Lastly, the polymorphic forms of the so-called genus Retinospora suggested that in studying them we might be watching the development and fixation of new specific types. May 2.— Mr. C. B. Clarke, M.A., F.K.S., in the chair.— Messrs. H. B. Hewetson (of Leeds), M. B. Slater, and T. W. Shore were admitted Fellows of the Societies ; and Messrs. C. Hedley, T. W. Girdlestone, and E. E. Prince were elected. Prof. W. Pfeffer, of the University of Tubingen, was elected a Foreign Member. — With reference to a recent exhibition by Mr. D. Morris, of leaves of different species or varieties of plants included under Erythroxylori Coca Lamarck, Mr. Thomas Christy made some remarks on the leaves of a variety from Japan. These he described as brittle and thin, with hardly any trace of cocaine, though yielding 8 per cent, of crystallizable substance. The thicker leaves of the Peruvian plant yielded more cocaine, though at first rejected on account of their more glutinous nature — Mr. John Carruthers read a short paper " On the cystocarps, hitherto un- described, of a well-known seaweed, Rhodymenia palmata." — The second part of a monograph of the Thelejohorem was communicated by Mr. G. Massee. — Mr. Mitten contributed a paper " On all the known species of Musci and Hepatica recorded from Japan." An interesting discussion followed, on the character of the Japanese Flora. May 24, 1889. — Amiiversary Meeting. — Mr. Carruthers, F.E.S., President, in the chair. — The following were admitted as Fellows : The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Ducie, P.C., F.R.S., Messrs. W. J. Hindmarsh, C. M. Peal, R. W. Scully, T. W. Girdlestone, and William Kirkby. — A portrait of John Jacob Dillenius (1687-1747), the first Professor of Botany at Oxford, copied from the original picture at Oxford, was presented to the Society by the President, who gave a brief outline of his career and of his personal acquaintance with Linnaeus. — The Treasurer having made his annual statement of accounts, and the Librarian's and other Reports having been read, a ballot took place for the election of Officers and Council for the ensuing year. The President, Treasurer, and Secretaries were re-elected, and the changes recommended in the Council were LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 191 adopted, Messrs. Baker, A. W. Bennett, Braithwaite, Murray, and Scott replacing the retiring members. — The President then delivered his Annual Address, in which, after reviewing the progress and prosperity of the Society during the past year, and noticing with regret the loss which the Society had sustained by the death of several of its Fellows, he gave an elaborate and interesting history of the existing portraits of Linnaeus, a great many of which were in the pos- session of the Society, and would now be supplemented by others which he had the pleasure to present. The result of his enquiry showed that there are at least seven original and authentic portraits of Linnaeus in existence ; that the engravings most widely known are from the originals by Inlander and Roslin, and that these gave the most faithful representation of the features of the great naturalist. — A unanimous vote of thanks to the President for his Address, coupled with a request that it might be printed, having been passed, the ceremony of awarding the Society's gold medal took place. This medal, having on the obverse a fine bust of Linnaeus, and on the reverse the arms of the Society, below which is engraved the name of the recipient, was founded last year in commemoration of the Society's centenary anniversary, and is bestowed upon a botanist and zoologist alternately, for distinguished services to biological science. This year it was awarded to the eminent botanist. Prof. Alphonse LeCandolle, and in his unavoidable absence was handed to his grandson, M. Austin DeCandoUe, who attended on his behalf to receive it. Addressing his representative, the President said : — *' Monsieur De Candolle, — It is a great satisfaction to me to place in your hands, for transmission to your distinguished grandfather, the Linnean medal in recognition of his many important ser- vices to botanical science. These services have been so great, and are so universally acknowledged, that it is unnecessary for me to do more than to refer to them. His many systematic monographs justify his being awarded any honour that botanists can confer. His philosophical treatment of the geographical distribution of plants has greatly advanced this department of Science, and his successful codification of the laws of botanical nomenclature has been of the greatest practical service to systematists. But botanists will always look with gratitude to Alphonse DeCandolle for the successful carrying on of the gigantic enterprise inaugurated by his father when he undertook the publication of the ' Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.' By his own work, by securing the aid of accomplished collaborators, and perhaps not least by the plodding toil of reading the proof-sheets of volume after volume of dry systematic descriptions during the thirty-two years in which he took charge of the * Prodromus,' he has laid science under a debt which cannot be estimated. The work as now completed contains descriptions of all the Dicotyledonous Phanero- gams, and of Gymnosperms which were known when the different volumes were published, amounting to nearly 60,000 species. And though the 'Prodromus' is discontinued, the debt to M. De Candolle yearly increases by reason of the important Monographs forming the * Suites au Prodromus ' issuing under his editorial care. 192 BOTANICAL NEWS. By his numerous labours Alphonse DeCandolle has added lustre to a name that bad already obtained a first place amongst botanists. His son, Casimir, by his scientific researches maintains the credit of that name ; and now in handing this medal to you, the repre- sentative of the fourth generation, may I venture to hope that this imperfect record of the services rendered to science by Alphonse DeCandolle may help you to realize the honour of the name you inherit, and encourage you by similar true and honest labour to transmit it with added renown to posterity." The presentation having been suitably acknowledged by Dr. Marcet, F.R.S., F.C.S., a countryman and relative of the recipient, the proceedings ter- minated with a vote of thanks to the President and Officers. BOTANICAL NEWS. We understand that the whole of the vast collections amassed by the late Dr. J. T. Boswell has now been disposed of privately. We have already recorded the purchase by Mr. F. J. Hanbury of the British Herbarium, which is now being arranged by him in a house (63, The Common, Clapton) specially taken for its accom- modation ; Mr. Hanbury has also acquired a few select European sets, being those previously used and referred to for comparison by the late owner in the perfection of * English Botany.' With the exception of a small portion taken by Mr. Charles Bailey, the whole bulk of the foreign herbarium proper, which mainly comprises the floras of the north temperate zone of both hemispheres, has been purchased from Mrs. Boswell by Mr. Cosmo Melvill, who is building additional rooms at his house at Prestwich, near Manchester, for its reception. We are glad to note that the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh is now open to the public on Sundays. By a provision of the Universities (Scotland) Bill, the Botanic Garden is now under control of the Commissioner of Works, and in the same position as the Arboretum, which has been open on Sundays for some years. The two practically form one garden, under the care of Prof. Bayley Balfour, who has taken an active part in bringing about the new arrangement, which came into operation on the 7th of April last. A full account of the action taken and of the subsequent discussion, with two important articles fi*om the * Scots- man ' on the subject, will be found in the last number of the * Sunday Review,' which, by the way, bears date "April 31st I" We much regret to announce the death of Prof. H. Reichen- bach, which took place at Hamburg on May 6th. We hope to give a sketch of his life in an early number. Sl 193 HEINRICH GUSTAV REICHENBACH. --. (182|-1889.) i Once more we have to regret the loss of a leader in our science, whose place it will be difficult to fill. There are few, if any, who have so thoroughly monopolised a special group of plants as the late Professor Reicheubach. There were, indeed, botanists in England and elsewhere who studied and named Orchids, and whose knowledge of certain genera may have been equal or even superior to that of the Hamburg Professor ; but none came within appreciable distance of his grasp of the whole Order, or in the extent and variety of the material at their disposal. His knowledge was as unique as is the means by which he has succeeded in rendering his material temporarily, if not permanently, useless to those who should continue his work ; the value of his investigations of a difficult tribe of plants will outlast the provisions by which he has for the time deprived his successors of the full benefit which might have been derived from them. Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach was born at Leipzig on Jan. 8rd, 182$. He was the son of H. G. L. Reichenbach, author of the classical ' Icones Florae Germanic®' and other important works, who died in 1879 at the advanced age of eighty-six. It w^is in con- nection with the above-named work that the younger Reichenbach first displayed his botanical knowledge and critical acumen. The volume devoted to the Orchids, which appeared in 1851, was entirely from his pen, and was, as he tells us in the preface, the result of ten years' work ; for this and the succeeding volumes he also prepared the drawings. From this time he devoted himself, not exclusively, indeed, but for the greater part of his life, to the Orchidace(B. From 18G5 until within two days of his death, his contributions towards the knowledge of this Order appeared almost weekly in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle,' in which paper for May 18th is a portrait and memoir. Sixty-nine papers stand under his name in the Royal Society's * Catalogue of Scientific Papers,' extending to 1873 ; and he monographed the Order for Seemann's * Flora Vitiensis ' and * Botany of the ' Herald.' ' In 1854 Reichen- bach began ' Xenia Orchidacea,' w^hich has since appeared in fascicles at uncertain intervals ; and he described the OrchidacecB in Mr. Saunders's ' Refugium Botanicum ' (1869-72). He also con- tributed the scientific descriptions to the magnificent serial publi- cation named in his honour, ' Reichenbachia,' which began in 1816, and is still in progress. His principal work, however, and the nearest approach to anything like a resume of the whole Order, is to be found m the sixth volume of Walpers' ' Annales' (1861), nearly 800 pages of which are devoted to the bringing together of the species described in periodicals and elsewhere during 1851-5, with the addition of many novelties hitherto undescribed. His literary undertakings, although, as we have seen, by no means inconsiderable, formed, however, but a part of Reichen- bach's life-work. His official duties as Professor and Director of Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [July, 1889.] o 194 HEINRICH GUSTAV REICHENBACH. the Botanic Gardens at Hamburg, to which posts he was appointed in 1863, occupied much of his time ; but more was devoted to the correspondence which he carried on with ahnost every grower of orchids, whether professional or amateur. He was universally con- sulted on all matters relating to his favourite Order; and it is to his correspondence that his herbarium owes its value, containing, as it does, almost every specimen that he had ever had sent him, with sketches showing the structure, and copious notes ; the whole being arranged with scrupulous care and neatness. When not engaged in professional work, Reichenbach devoted his time to travelling to the different European herbaria, always with a view to increasing his knowledge concerning Orchids. To us in this country he has for more than twenty years been a familiar figure — coming over for a stay often of many weeks, and settling down at Kew, where at one time he thought of permanently residing, so as to be in close proximity to the Herbarium, which contains Lindley's type-collection of Orchids. During these periods, he paid visits to the British Museum, and to the principal collections of Orchids, of both professional and private growers, and thus became personally known to most of them. Short and broad in figure, — on his last visit to England, two years ago, he was mucli thinner, — with aquiline nose, and sharp critical gaze sometimes turned upon his listener with startling suddenness, he was a man not easily to be for- gotten. His conversation was often sarcastic, but at other times kindly and amusing ; he had a way of talking to himself at his work which was sometimes a little startling, especially when accompanied by the loud "Ho! ho!" with which he heralded some interesting discovery ; and which I remember to have heard echoing through the silence of the long room in the Kew Herbarium. His know- ledge of English was remarkable, and his employment of it was more so ; the last time he was with us, he gave me an account of his interview with a cabman, in the course of which he expressed much satisfaction at his acquirement of " slang English." His descriptions to the 'Gardeners' Chronicle' are often couched in quaint phrase- ology, and thus differ very materially from the more dignified manner in which men of science are wont to express their ideas. His fondness in conversation for small jokes and eccentric forms of expression was represented in his literary contributions. Who but he, for example, would have seized upon a misprint such as ** lamina longiformis" for a comment such as the following: — " ' Forma' means the circumference of a body, and 'longus' one of the dimensions. Those words cannot be combined, and the ex- pression reminds me of a Scsia, a butterffy, which was called ' rubriforrnis.' Another lepidopterologist wished to improve the name, and named the wasp-like creature in compliment to its discoverer, ' Schmidtiiformis,' although Mr. Schmidt was quite a normal gentleman.'"'' His letters were equally odd, and extremely difficult to read, often containing little expressions of annoyance or dissatisfaction with one person or another which it would not be desirable to perpetuate. * Gard. Chron. (188R) iii. 395. HEINRICH GUSTAV REICHENBACH. 195 Mr. Can-uthers kindly allows me to select the following, which is not open to this objection, as a specimen of his quaint style : — '' 565/= '* My dear Carruthers, " What pity I did not catch you though twice at Brit. Mus. I hope to end my Lindleyan work next easter. Then my wings will grow. Excuse delay of our botanic interferences. Matter is, this year nearly runs away, viz. " 4 weeks in bed, conseq. of hunting Isoetes in a cool lake for 3 hours, Nov. 7. "4 weeks Florence, Rome, Naples, Pisa. ** 4 weeks England. *' 4 weeks Vienna, Hungary, Styria, Istria, Lomb.-Venetia, Switzerland, Alsace. '• What is then left for extra official work ? " I write to day this. "I found the noted autographs, some of which appear very valuable, in Switzerland. Can you let me have an offer of £s for it ? I think you British Mus. people collect such things. The letters, no doubt, appear superior to me, the most the two on language from W. v. Humboldt. " The professor, an old friend of mine, has no interest in pos- sessing those things & likes much better £. You are such a kind- hearted man, that I hope for your assistance, I would regard a favour to me. *' I hope you'll not give cheese to eat to the plants ! f *' Best remembrances to your Triad. " Very faithfully yours, '* Hamburg, " H. G. Reichenbach. >*Nov. 11, 74." Genial and friendly in his private relations, always willing and anxious to oblige, and indeed at the service of any who needed his help, it must be admitted that Eeichenbach viewed with anything but favour the intrusion of others into what he regarded as his own peculiar preserves; and other workers at Orckidacem received no encouragement from him. This jealousy — for it can hardly be called by any other name — led him to feel very acutely any slight, real or apparent, which was put upon him, and probably was the cause of the unfortunate bequest which will be further discussed later on. He never made any secret of his dissatisfaction at the want of recognition of his labours shown in Mr. Bentham's monograph of the Urchidacew in the ' Genera Plantarum.' This want is, indeed, manifest enough ; and it is only fair to point out that elsewhere Mr. Bentham i)aid a very high tribute to Reichenbach's work, and implied that he had been asked to assist in the monograph for the * Genera.' It may be well to re]print this testimony of the great systematist: — * His letters each year were always numbered, t This refers to the experiments on Brosera, then in progress. o 2 19G HEINRICH GUSTAV REICHENEACH. " I now come to speak of the great Orchidologist of the present day, who took up the pen and pencil as they fell from the hands of Lindley, and who, having since devoted himself almost exclusively to the study of the order, is now the only authority for the deter- mination of species, especially for those in cultivation. I allude to the younger Reichenbach. No one has a richer collection of specimens than his, no one has more opportunities of examining the flowers in a living state, no one is more thoroughly acquainted with their peculiarities, or has better means of giving us a new genera and species of OrchidacecB ; but unfortunately no such a one has as yet appeared, and I cannot learn that any one is in preparation. In his numerous publications he has proposed, modified, combined, or suppressed a large number of genera ; but he has nowhere as yet given any synopsis of contrasted characters so as to give a clue to the principles upon which he would limit the tribes and genera he would adopt ; so that whilst cordially agreeing in many of the changes he proposes, there are others for which I have failed to comprehend his reasons. He appears, for instance, generally to rely absolutely on floral characters, to the exclusion of vegetative ones, more on the absolute number than on the form and arrangement of the pollen-masses, and often to attach much more importance to the calli, lobes, and appendages of the labellum and column than I should do in respect of genera. I trust, how- ever, he may yet give us a clue to his systematic views in time for use in the new part of our ' Genera Plantarum' now in preparation." * In spite of this, however, Reichenbach felt aggrieved, as letters in my possession show : he had, indeed, projected a series of critical observations on Mr. Bentham's monograph for publication in this Journal, stipulating that he was not to be fettered in the expression of his opinions. On his last visit to this country, in the autumn of 1887, it was evident that the vigour of Reichenbach's constitution had greatly diminished. He was thin, and, although his manner was as animated and his conversation as piquant as ever, there were not wanting indications of advancing age. But his work was arduous to the last, and his interest keen. One of his last letters was to Miss Woolward, who has been for some time engaged in figuring the various species of Masdevallia for a forthcoming monograph. This, by i\Iiss Woolward's kind permission, I am enabled to print: — •' Dear Miss Woolward, *• You may introduce yourself as much you like & want no introduction, though I like to see some lines of Mr. C [arruthers]. "I have obtained the prints. Best thanks. I felt deeply interested in them. " You are to be highly acknowledged for having used the honest system of elder print with linear circumscriptions and of hand- painting. We have such excellent models in the doing of the Hookers, that I do not understand the furor for chromo. Unluckily I am hors de combat those days as my bad health is once more acting on me. * Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 283 (181). HEINRICH GUSTAV REICHENBACH. 197 ** I may write in some time more. A few remarks now — without consulting my herb., notes & sketches. I cannot now. ** My general impression is q^dte acknoirledginent, & I am none of those base villains, who nowadays make friends of any fabricator of a book, to the great damage of public. "I might be permitted to advice you to give some keen side- views of leaves to avoid general flatness. "I am not sure whether the persp. of the f view of flower of Masd. bella is quite correct. Ovary may be a trifle too long. fig. 2 & 3 excellent, 4 not sharp enough, hence not intellig. to a tyro. " Masd. rosea — a rather narrow and dark fl. variety. '* M. Eoezlii. I am afraid it is not. Can you not prevent print? It looks to my memory like Winniana. I'll write you as soon I can. *'I found no letterpress proof. I cannot hope its reaching the goodness of your work. "I would alwai/s give the same details — top of column, front and side — transv. & top of leaf (keel). I would cancel fig. 5 of tovarensis. Much too small for having value. ** Please, accept my best thanks and heartly wishes. It is so rare to find in our days earnest work. a Yery truly yours, '♦ Hamburgh, March 2, 89. " H. Gr. Eeichenbach. ** I rose just now first time." The news of his death at Hamburg on the 6th of May came upon us as a surprise ; the provisions of his will have not only astonished the scientific world, but have attracted the attention of those to whom the disposition of a herbarium has never before presented any feature of interest. Mr. Hewett Watson, it will be remembei-ed, labouring under some temporary annoyance, threatened to make a funeral pyre of his collections; Reichenbach's disposition of his collections is, at any rate for the present, scarcely, if at all, less mischievous than this. The terms of his will are sufficiently explicit : — ** My herbarium and my botanical library, my instruments, collections of seeds, &c., accrue to the Imperial Hof Museum in Vienna, under the condition that the preserved Orchids and drawings of Orchids shall not be exhibited before twenty-five years from the date of my death have elapsed. Until this time my collections shall be preserved in sealed cases. In the event of the Vienna Institute declining to observe these conditions, the collection falls under the same conditions to the Botanical Gardens at Upsala. Should the last-mentioned Institute decline the legacy, then to the Grnyean Herbarium in Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. If declined by that Institute, then to the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, but always under the same conditions, viz., of being sealed up for twenty-five years, in order that the inevitable destruction of the costly collection, resulting from the present craze for Orchids, may be avoided." The bequest, thus limited, has been accepted at Vienna, and thus, for twenty-five years at least — even if the plants at the end of 198 HKINRICH (tUSTAV REICHENBACH. tliat period are in a consultable condition — botanists are deprived of the use of this invaluable collection. The result of this provision must be to impair its value, while its usefulness will be reduced to the narrowest hmits. The just appreciation of " types," which has been steadily gaining ground for many years, combined with the facilities for travelling, have rendered it quite usual for a mono- grapher to visit the principal herbaria of Europe ; and the gain to science has been immense. Nothing but the inspection of the actual specimens from which a species has been described, duly authenticated by the describer, can be considered as the final court of appeal ; and nothing less than finality, whenever possible, will satisfy the conscientious monographer. Our contemporary the ' Gardeners' Chronicle ' seems to us hardly to appreciate the full effect of Prof. Eeichenbach's action. The editor owes so much to Kew that he can hardly be blamed for paying repeated tribute to "the unrivalled sources of that insti- tution," and it is certain that, not only in the Kew and British Museum Herbaria, — the former of especial value as containing Lindley's Orchid types, — but in all other large collections, the Orchidacea are duly represented. But to say that these " will go very far to nullify the perverseness of these testamentary dis- positions," is to ignore the difficulty, and, indeed, fails altogether to recognise the serious nature of the case. So far as Prof. Reichenbach's types are found only in his own herbarium, — and we believe that this is very largely the case, — the botanical world will be deprived of them for a quarter of a century ; and so far as these types are concerned, the herbaria of the whole world cannot in any way modify or " nullify " the injury caused to systematic botany by this action, so unworthy of Prof. Reichenbach. At the same time, I confess that it is difficult to understand on what grounds it should have been assumed, as seems to have been the case, that the collection would come to England. The * Saturday Review' of June 8th, in a curious article on "Professor Reichenbach's Will," says: — "It has been understood by all the universe .... that ever since Prof. Reichenbach left this land in 1863 [his] gigantic and priceless collections would be left to Kew. If he never declared the resolve, in private conversation he allowed it to be taken for granted." A more misleading statement it would be difficult to find. Prof. Reichenbach had, indeed, and never failed to express, the highest regard for Prof. Oliver, but he certainly never led us to suppose that his plants were to go to Kew, although I learn that in Germany such a destination was not considered unlikely. Regrettable as the decision is on scientific grounds, it is equally so in the light in which it places the character of our great orchidologist. It is painful to feel that a career of usefulness and helpfulness should be terminated by an action which, so far as is possible, hinders the development of a branch of science which its perpetrator had spent his life in advancing. James Britten. 199 THE PINKS OF THE TRANSVAAL. By F. N. Williams, F.L.S. The tbree new species described in this paper are from Nelson's coUectioQ of Transvaal plants deposited in the Kew Herbarium, and are dated August, 1880. They have been compared side by side with all the Cape specimens of Dianthus in the Herbarium, and appear to be distinct. This country has been but little explored botanically ; and, as Dr. Harvey wrote in the preface to the ' Flora Capeusis,' " from what we know of the plants of Trans- vaal, especially of its mountains and high plateaux, this country promises to the botanist the richest harvest yet ungathered in South Africa." After examining the specimens from different collectors, I have thought it well to record the three other species which are found in the country. Like all the Cape species they come under the subgenus Canjoplujllastnim.-'^ Section Fimbriatum. Subsection ScJiistostulun. 1. D. Zeyheri Sond. (Fl. Capensis i. 124).— Hb. Kew. no. 5015, Dr. llehmann. Between Elands Biver and Klippan. 2. D. mecistocalyx, n. sp. — Glaucous, 45-48 centim. Stems terete, branching from the middle in dichotomous cymes. Leaves elongate-liuear, acuminate, radical 66-G8 mm., patent, 7-nerved, sheath twice as long as broad, caulme 25 mm., adpressed, 9-11- nerved, sheath as long as broad. Flowers solitary, white. Bracts 4-6 obovate, lowest pair (of three) obovate- lanceolate, mucronate to ^ length of calyx, adpressed. Calyx 36 mm., teeth lanceolate- linear, acuminate, 9-nerved, edges scabrous. Capsule ovoid. — No. 555, W. Xelson. Hab. Apies Biver, Pretoria district. Of Cape species nearest to D. Zei/heri, but the latter differs from it in having angular branches, the stems dividing near the top, in the lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate leaves, the narrow acumi- nate bracts, and shorter calyx. From D. prustratm it differs still more; and of extra African species is perhaps most like the Persian IJ. Tfihrisicmus. 3. D. moviensis, n. sp. — Glaucous, 25 centim. Stems terete, dividing above mto strict dichotomous branches. Leaves 15 mm., linear, acuminate, adpressed, 9-11 -nerved, sheath twice as long as broad. Flowers solitary, loosely cymose, white. Bracts 6 obovate, lowest pair obovate lanceolate, mucronate to ^ length of calyx, adpressed. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acuminate, 9-nerved. Petals not contiguous, lamina obovate. Capsule ovoid. Seeds minutely tuberculate. — No. 334, W. Nelson. Hab. Movi Biver. 1). Zeyheri differs from it in its angular branches, broader leaves, shorter leaf- sheath, narrow acuminate bracts, narrow calyx- * See Journ. of Bot. 1885, p. 342. 200 PLANTS OF EASTERNESS AND ELGIN. teeth and longer fimbria. Of the Extra- African species it is perhaps most hke the Armenian D. fiorihundus. Subsection Gonaxostolon. 4. D. MicROPETALus E. M. (Fl. Capensis i. 122). — Hb. Kew, no. 191, IF. Nelson. Hebron, Vaal River. Section Caryophyllum. Subsection Caryophylloides. 5. D. cRENATUS Thb. (Fl. Capensis i. 123). — Hb. Kew ex hb. Bolus 1881, no. 5587. "District round Pretoria. The herbarium specimen is labelled *' D. Zeyheri,'' but on close examination it exactly tallies with the descriptions of Thunberg's plant. Subsection Sylveslres. 6. D. Nelsoni, n. sp. — Stems 46-52 centim., branched, angularly compressed. Leaves strict adpressed ; lower 38-40 mm., linear, acute, 9-nerved, upper 21 mm., elongate-linear, acuminate, canaliculate, 7-nerved, sheath as long as broad, subfloral scariose, subulate. Flowers solitary, arranged in lax dichotomous cymes. Bracts 4 (sometimes 6), \ the length of the calyx, obovate, lowest pair oval-lanceolate. Calyx purple, teeth acuminate, 9-nerved, edges membranous. Petals not contiguous, white, lamina obovate, denticulate, = ^ unguis. — No. 554. W. Nelson. Hab. Near Wonderfontein. Of South-African species nearest to the preceding, from which it differs in having multifloral stems with the white flowers arranged in lax cymes, leaves longer and elongate-linear, 7-9- nerved, bracts broader and mucronate, calyx-teeth with mem- branous edges, lamina obovate and much smaller, and its generally stricter habit. It most resembles the Indian D. cachemiricus, which however differs from the Transvaal plant in the following points : — slightly- branched paucifloral stems, the disposition of the rose-coloured flowers, the lanceolate bracts reaching as far as the base of the 7-nerved calyx- teeth, and the lamina = | unguis. D. meclstocalyx is so named from its remarkably long calyx, D. moviensis from the locality recorded, and D. Nelsoni from the collector of the species. PLANTS OF EASTERNESS AND ELGIN. By G. Claridge Druce, M.A., F.L.S. Last year's visit to Easterness was marked by a long spell of hot, sunny weather, which appeared to exert special influence in inducing hawkweeds and other composite plants to flower ; the PLANTS OF EASTERNESS AND ELGIN. 201 abundance of flowery Hieracia upon the Cairngorms being a notice- able feature in the flora of that interesting group of mountains. This year the opposite condition of cHmate prevailed, as I reached the Boat of Garten on the thirty-second consecutive wet day, while the low barometric registration was almost equalled by that of the thermometer. Cold windy weather, with clouded skies, driving rain and mist, causing, as might be expected, a malevolent influence upon vegetation, retarding or preventing the flowering of the hawk- weeds, of which vuJgatiim was almost the only one in flower; the roses were in such a backward condition as to prevent naming them with any degree of precision, and the continued wet rendered the investigation of several marshes (which last year were accessible) almost impossible. Mountain work, too, was greatly impeded by the stormy weather, especially as we were so far from their base. With all these drawbacks, the number of additional records to those of last year could not be very numerous. In the following list of plants, such as are believed to be new to Top. Bot. ed. 2, are marked with an asterisk. Around the Boat of Garten we gathered Bromus racemosus L., "^^Alopecunis ijujsuroides Huds., and, scattered in many localities in cultivated ground, Erysimum cheirantlioidcs L. On dry banks near the railway grew Reseda lutea L., with Anthijllis Vulneraria L. and Atjropyron repens Beauv., *var. Vaillantium Eeiclib. On the moor- land were ^^Hahenaria chlorantha Bab., with '^Thymus Chamadrys Fries, Plantago lanceolata L. "^var. capitata Presl, Radiola Linoides Both., and a very narrow-leaved and dwarf form of Vicia Cracca L. In the adjoining marsh, with Drosera ohovata Mert. et Koch, and Midaxis paludosa Sw., grew Xitella opaca kg., Epilohium paliistre L. *var. Uneare (Krause) Haussk., ^^Putamoyeton natans L., Galium palustreli. *var. Witherinyii (Sm.), "^^Myosotis cccspitosa Schultz. (if that name be not antedated by 3i. maritima Fries in Fl. Hall. 1817), and '''Eleocharis acicidaris Br. Cairngorm was ascended on an unpromising day. On the long uninteresting ascent to Corrie Sneachda, Pyrola rotimdifolia and P. secunda were gathered, as well as a specimen of Cornus suecica, which had the usual white bracts replaced by foliaceous ones. In the corrie a luxuriant variety of Carex rigida Good, was gathered, which does not come well under any of the named varieties of that rather protean plant. Carex lagopina Wahl. was more abundant than last year over its rather limited area. C. approximata Hoppe, in Cent.-exsic. 1800, is an earlier name, and one that must stand until it shall have been proved that Allioni's C. hipartita is identical, which the plate of that plant in Flor. Pedemont. (iii., p. 265, tab. 89, fig. 5) does not suggest. In Journ. Bot. 1888, p. 156, a valued correspondent states that this ''involves the adoption of an ambiguous name, and so can hardly be pressed," as he sees "there is another C. approximata Hoppe, 1794, a variety of C, ericetorum Poll."; but tliis statement is not quite accurate. It was Allioni, in 1785, who gave the name C. approximata to the species (not a variety) previously described as C. ericetorum Poll., and as Allioni's name of approximata could not be adopted, it 202 PLANTS OF EASTERNESS AND ELGIN. remained open to be used for any other species. Of course it is far better to avoid choosing these abortive names, but to discard all which have been so used would only create, instead of pre- ventin<^, confusion. I may say that C. ojiproxunata was the name adopted by DeCandolle in the * Synopsis,' 1806, Fl. Fr. Supp. 1815; by Gaudin in Agrost. Helv. 1811, and Fl. Helv. 1830; and by Tenore, Daby, and other authors. I suppose it was the doubt of its being a published name, or its having probably no description in the Exsic, that led Gay, in the Annales Sc. Nat. 1839, p. 177, to choose Wahlenberg's name. To this paper I may refer for a more complete synonymy of the plant in question. On the cliffs, at over 3000 ft., we noticed Lychnis diiinia Sibtli., which, if recent examples be followed, should, I suppose, be called L. diuica L., since Miller raised the var. b. to a species — L. alba. The special object of my visit to this corrie w^as to examine a Eanunculus, the peculiar root-leaves of which attracted my attention last vear ; this we found in good condition, and it will be described later on. Shortly after, the rain came down with such persistence as to render the six miles' walk and fourteen miles' drive home most unpleasant. A squally day was spent about Loch Mallachie and Spey Side. In the Loch, *Scirpus lacustris L., accidentally unmarked last year, "^Carex riparia Curt., in poor condition, and which would be better for confirmation, was noticed in a pool in the vicinity. By the river occurred Rosa involiUa Sm. "^var. Doniana (Woods), E. tomen- tosa Sm., var. scabriuscula (Sm.), ''- Yur.fcetida (Bast.), 7i. canina L. -''var. dumalis Dumort., also a form with glandular sepals, *var. andcijavensis Dumort., '''var. verticillacantha Baker, var. decipiens Baker, -''var. Watsoni Baker, "^'var. subcristata Baker, "var. (jlauca (Vill.), Bibes Grossiddria h., '''Hieracium. (jothicum Fries, ^^Pohjfjala vuh/aris L., and Foa nemoralis L. in several forms, including the "^var. montana Gaud, {teste Hackel), which is, I believe, new to Britain. In a marshy place near the Boat of Garten, a form of Melampyrum pratense L., which is very nearly allied to var. ericetonuii of D. Oliver, the var. viontanuin in variable condition being the common moorland form. Another day was occupied in walking through the comparatively recently planted fir-woods to Carr Bridge ; these contained, how- ever, little of interest, except in Fungi, Agaricns uuiscarius being in beaut)iful condition. Li a marsh near Carr Bridge grew a small form of Votanuxjeton polij(jonifolias Pourr., with very narrow and small leaves. It is closely allied {teste Arthur Bennett) to the var. teniiifolius Fries ; it fruited freely. Here, too, was seen Deschampsia discolur R. & S. in a new locality, and a form of Care.v pilulifera 24 in. high. A small stream yielded Charafrafjilis Desv., in that pretty small state which approaches delicatuta A. Br. Vacvinium ulitfinosHui L. occurs at the low elevation of 800 ft. By the river grew '^'•GcraniiDit pratense L. Mccunopsis cambrica Vig. was naturalised near the village. A day above lvotliiennu*chus afforded '^'Orchis maf^cula L., Chry- santhemum Varthodum Pers. (naturalised), Rosa canina L., var. PLANTS OF EASTKENESS AND ELGIN. 203 arvatica Baker, var. toinentella Baker. Malva moschata L. grew by Loch-an-Eilan in a naturalised rather than a native condition. Near Doune occurred '^'Trisetum pratense Pers., var. variegatum Reichb. [teste Hackel). It is figured in Agrost. Germ., fig. 1696, sub Aveiia. I have not seen a British record before. One of the few fine days was spent in Glen Ennich, and on Braeriach, the summit of which w^as sprinkled with freshly -fallen snow, which lay in great quantities in the corries, much to the detriment of botanising. However, the brilliancy of the day com- j)ensated one to a great extent, the view being extremely grand from Ben Wyvis to Ben Lawers — from Forres to Ben Nevis. Beneath, towards the Garachary Burn, the precipices are very steep, and but little broken, presenting mural clift's very free from vegetation. In Glen Ennich we noticed Alopecurus alpinus Sm. and Fhleum alpiniim L. as low as 1900 ft., and traced them up to 3900 ft. A form of Alopecurus alpinus with a long lax spike occurred, but the awns were not long enough to place it under the var. Watsoni, a variety which scarcely deserves the name, as all intermediates may be found. Poa pratensis L. var. ccBvulea Sm. {teste Hackel) grew close to the shanty ; it was a pretty plant, coming very near to the var. kuniilis Pieichb. We gathered the parsley fern on the western side (a rare plant in the Cairngorms), wdtli a form of Pohj podium alpestre, and large plants of Cerastium refractum All. = C. trigyniun Vill. as the glabrous, and occasionally as the hairy plant = C. nivale Don. Abundance of C. alpimun L. and also a variety of C. arcticum Lange occurred. C. lanatum Lamk. appears to be rare in the Cairngorms. The northern side of Braeriach had abundance of Arahis petrcBa Lamk., both as the hairy (var. Idspida DC.) and as the glabrous state. Both had small, glossy leaves, rather fleshy, and deeply cut, and very different from the Ben Laiogh plant. So far in cultivation these characters are maintained. The young shoots of the Ben Laiogh plant are covered with very long, shaggy hairs. A one- flowered form of lianunculus acris L. occurred ; it had hairy leaves and slanting rhizomes, and is probably H. Borccanus Jord. It is similar to a plant in Hb. Br. Mus. labelled 11. puiuilus Hartman [non Willd.] . Montiafoiitaiia L. as var. major All. = M. rivularis Gmel. was plentiful in streams in the Glen, where we noticed Utricularia intermedia Hayne as high as 1900 ft. In the west corrie, Pi^ujuicula vulgaris L. 'H'ar. alpicola Pieichb. was found. Veronica huini/usa Dicks, grew at an elevation of 3800 ft. Des- champsia caspitosa L. var. montana Pieichb. Agrost. Germ. pi. 96, was also obtained. A day was spent about the sea-coast at Culbin Sands, near Forres, in Elgin, Co. 95, but the rabbits had made such raids upon vegetation as to render it very barren work. Lijcopodiam clavatum L. grew on the sand dunes among Pteris. Juncns halticus Willd., Plantago Corunopus L. '''var. prostrata Lange, an Krgthreca (possibly littoralis, but rather suggestive of the maritime form of Centanrium}, Sagina nodosa Fenzl, S, viaritima Don, '-^'Agropyron acutuiii Gr. & Godr., Agrostis alba L. "-'var. viaritima Meyer, A. canina L. var. 204 PLANTS OF EASTERNESS AND ELGIN. mutica Gaud., Festuca rubra L. *var. arenaria Hackel, teste Hackel (in his monograph Prof. Hackel gives var. laniujinosa of Mart. & Koch, Deut. M. as a sjaionym), ''''Allium oleraceum L., ^'Scirpus Tdhernccinontani GmeL were the most interesting plants noticed. By Forres the corn-fields were full of Papaver dubium L., Centaiirea Cijanus L., and Sper(/ularia sativa Boeugh. Bromus cowmutatiis Schrad. was also noted. By the Findhorn we gathered ■''Fohjgala vulgaris L., which, I suspect, flowers earlier than F. serpyllacea, since it was unnoticed last year. "^'Geum intermedium Ehrh., Hosa canina L. *var. surculosa (Woods), var. hiserrata (Merat), *var. decipiens [Dwiwoxi), *var. Trrt^so?u" Baker, '^'yoir. (jlauca {NiW.), '^'Sedum Telepliium L. (as wild as elsewhere in Scotland), FyroJa secunda L., vast quantities of Goodyera repens Br., Babes Grossularia L., '•'Thymus Chamccdrys Fries, -''Myusotis repens Don (given in the Forfar list by George Don as a nomen solum, and I cannot find the plant m his exsiccata), '•'M. caspitosa Schultz, '-''Carex Jlava L., Festuca sylvatica Vill. Along the romantic banks of that most beautiful of Scotch rivers, the variety Idans of Melampyrum pratense L. occurred for several miles in beautiful flower, and always constant in colour. Its brilliant orange corolla makes it a conspicuous plant. I thought I saw it from the train in a wood near Grantown ; if so, it will be a new record for Easterness. liieracium aurantiacum L. was naturalized on the rail-banks, and Anchusa sempervirens L. about Sluie, both in 95. Fhallus impudicus was by no means unfrequent in Elgin, by the Findhorn, and mushrooms were abundant. The Bauuncuhis alluded to previously, and which looked very distinct, I have been enabled, with the kind aid of Mr. Britten, to identify as — Kanunculus aceis L., var. pumilus Wahl. — b. pumilus caule unifloro Varietatem hujus pumilam foliis omnibus radi- cnlibus habiitque K. bulboso similem in collibus siccis lapponiae vidimus sed nullum R. bulbosum verum reperimus In alpibus altioribus," Fl. Lapp. pp. 159, IGO ; G. Wahlenburg, 1812; also Fl. Suec. p. 365, 1831. Specimens in Herb. Br. Mus., and Hb. Oxon, coll. F. Ahlberg ex *' Monte Knudsho Dovrefeld, alt. 4000 ped. rar." Reported also from the Faroe Islands, but I have seen no specimens. Our plant occurred on the north side of the Cairngorms, in Corrie Sneachda, at an elevation of 2800-3500 ft. The neighbouring corries and glens yielded only the ordinary montane forms of acris. It is in cultivation in the Oxford Botanic Garden. Description : — lihizome horizontal, thick, fleshy, with numerous fibres : stem erect, arching at the toj), 4-G in. high, striate, nearly glabrous. Leaves. — Radical leaves long, petiolate, enlarged and sheathing at base, cordate, deeply tripartite, the lateral divisions cub from one-third to half the depth of leaf in two or three seg- ments, which are again bluntly lobed ; the central division not longer than the lateral, and less deeply cut. Cauline leaves lanceo- late, entire or slightly toothed. Both radical and cauline leaves almost ylabrous, rather fleshy, ylossy, and rather translucent. Flowers usually solitary, or from 2-G flowers h-^ in. circumference. THE FRESHWATER ALGJE OF MAINE. 205 Peduncles generally arching, and frequently bent over so as to become pendulous, slightly clothed, especially towards the top, mtli white adpressed hairs. CaJiix patent. Sepals with dark brownish centre, and membranous yellow-green border, clothed with shaggy hairs. Petals obovate or rather wedge-shaped, rather deeply notched, strongly marked with brownish veins. The plant was not advanced enough to show fruit. The leaf-outline is so like some form of 7?. bulbosus L. that when out of flower it might easily be mistaken for it. Their texture recalls that of Pi. glacialis to some extent. From ordinary montane forms of acris it may be distinguished by the nearly glabrous, glossy leaves, of different outline and texture, with blunt segments ; and by the more strongly veined and more deeply notched petals. Its patent calyx, of course, at once distinguishes it from Pi. bulbosus, which is not an alpine plant with us. THE FRESHWATER ALG^ OF MAINE. By Wm. West, F.L.S. In this Journal for last November I published a short paper en- titled " The Desmids of Maine." Since then I have been enabled to examine the material I have received from there with the result that many more species have been observed, some of which are new to the United States (these are prefixed with an asterisk in the fol- lowing list), while one species and two varieties are new to science. One of these varieties — the trigonal form of Micrasterias — is extremely interesting, as I have never yet seen mention of such a form of this genus. Many Algae other than Desmids have been noted in the gathering, though some cannot be determined, as the material having been collected chiefly for Desmids, was too scanty. Still, many of the unmistakable minute species were in profusion, so that I have included them in the following list, as well as those Diatoms that I have been able to identify satisfactorily. These last are arranged after Rabenhorst, the others after Wolle. I have again to thank my son, G. S. West, for valuable help during the preparation of this paper. Fine conjugated specimens of Staurastruni brachiatum Ralfs, and Closteriuni Diana Ehrenb., were observed. (Edogonium punctato-striatum De By. Interesting, as this was only known in the United States from Florida. — (E. Poscii Wittr. (Five other species of this last genus were seen with oogonia, but the material was too scanty for specific determination, the form and dimensions of the oogonia and cells agreed with the species. — CE. carbonicum Wittr. — (E. fragile Wittr. — (E. rufescens Wittr. — 6E. delicatuluin Kittz. — (E. Franklinianuni Wittr.) Cylindrorapsa geminella Wolle. MicrotJiamnion Kiltzinglanum Niig. Ulothrix subtilis Kiitz. var. tenerrima Kiitz. Conferva fioccosa Ag. — C. vulgaris Rab. — C. tenerrima Kiitz. 20G THE FRESHWATER ALG.E OF MAINE. PecUastrum angulosum Meneg. — P. Bonjanum Meneg. — P. Ehren- heryii A. Braun. Ccclastnun microsponim Nag. Scenedesmus caudatus Corda. — 5. aciitus Meyen. — S. aciitus Meyeu var. obliquus Eab. Ophiocytium. cochleare A. Braun. CJdorococcum (jiijns Rab. Dictyosphccriion Ehrenheryianum Niig. Palmodactylon simplex Niig. Schizochlamys gelatinom A. Braun. Palmella mucosa Kiitz. — P. hyalina Breb. Glaocystis vesiculosa Nag. — (x. rufescens A. Braun. Xephrocytinm Nayelii Gr. Chytridium globosum A. Braun. Olpidium ampullaceum A. Braun. This was on Cosmarium De Baryi Arch. Desmidium. quadrangulatuyn Kiitz. Sphserozosma Aubertianum, nov. sp. Large, nearly as long as broad, the incision narrowly acuminate, with two granules on each side of the rounded semicells. Side view of semicells almost globular, the granules having a linear arrangement. Lat. 18 — 23 /x; long. 16-5 — 19 // ; lat. isth. Q-o — 8 /x. This species differs much from S. granulatum Roy et Biss., both in the number and arrangement of the granules, in the much larger size, and especially in the form of the isthmus. Penium Xavicula Breb. Clusterium costatum Corda. — C. pronum Breb. — C. Leihleinii Kiitz. Cosmarium. ovale Ralfs. — C. Ciicumis Corda. — C. moniliforme Ralfs. — *C. truncatellum Perty. — "-(7. Piegnesii Reinsch. — C. Iceve Rab. var. septentrionale Wille. — C. Meneghinii Breb. var. simplicimum Wille. — C. galeritum Nord. — C. ochthodes Nord. — C. excavatum Nord. var. duplo-inajor Lund. This was seen with zygospores several times. — C. commissurale Breb. — C. suhcrenatum Hantzsch. The side and end views of this were distinctly but faintly granulate. — C. J^oeckii Wille. — C. sphalerostichum Nord. et Wittr. Tetmemorus Brebissonii Ralfs. — T. granulatus Ralfs. — T. lavis Ralfs. Xanthidium fasciculatum Ralfs. var. hexagomun Wolle. — X. Tylerianum W. West. ^'Eiiastrum, sinuosum Lenor. — E. hinale Ralfs. var. elohatum Lund. A form of the last species was seen with zygospore, which was rotund, bearing simple spines rather sparingly. I believe a fully developed zygospore has not been hitherto observed. Micrasterias pinnatijida Ralfs. — M. jnnnatijida Ralfs. var. trigona, nov. var. End view trigonal with concave sides. Staurastrum tumidum. Breb. This exactly corresponded with British specimens and with Ralfs' figure. — S. angulatum W. West, var. suiiANGULATUM Hov. var. Evidently a variety of S. angulatum with the apices of the angles more rounded and the sides more convex. Long. 73 /x ; lat. isthm. 16 /x. — -'-S. apiculatum Breb. — **S'. O'Mearii Arch. S'. hrrrispina Breb. — .S'. pseudo-pachyrhynchum NEW COUNTY RECORDS FOR SKYE, ROSS, SUTHERLAND, ETC. 207 Wolle. — S. muricatum Breb. — S. jmradoxnm Meyen. — S. Pseudo- sebahli Wille. — *>S. Pringsheimii Eeinsch. — S. cuneatum Wolle. Sirosiphon pidvinatus Breb. Oscillaria nigra Vaucb. Glceocapsa arenaria Rab. Aj)luinocapsa viresceiis Bab. Chroococcus turgidus Nag. — C. colmrens Nag. Melosira varians kg. Surirella linearis Sm. — S. hiseriata Breb. — S. angusta Kiitz. — »S. minuta Breb. — S. pinnata Sm. Epithemia Sorex Kiitz. — E. alpestris Sm. Eunotia Arcus Ehrenb. — E. gracilis Ehrenb. — E. Soleirolii Kutz. Cymbella Ehrenbergii Kiitz. — C. cuspidata Kiitz. Odontidium hgemale Kiitz. Diatoma vulgare Bor}''. Synedra lunaris Elirenb. — S. Ulna Ehrenb. — S. splendens Kiitz. iS. Oxyrhynchus Kiitz. Nitzschia Ampliioxys Sm. — ^Y. vivax Sm. — A', sigmoidea Sm. Navicida cuspidata Kiitz. — y. rhomboides Ehrenb. — N. ajjinis Ehrenb. — y. cryptocephala Kiitz. Pinmdaria nobilis Ehren. — P. major Rab. — P. Piabenhorstii Ralfs. — P. Tabellaria Ralfs. — P. gibba Ehrenb. — P. viridis Rab. — P. oblonga Rab. — P. alpina Sm. — P. mesolepta Sm. Stauroneis Pluenicenteron Ehrenb. — S. anceps Ehrenb. Gomphonema constrictiim Ehrenb. — G. acuminatum Ehrenb. Meridian circulare Ag. — M. constrictum Ralfs. Tabellaria fiocculosa Kiitz. The above list contains 108 species and 7 varieties additional to the two previous lists for Maine, — my own in this Journal and Mr. Harvey's in the ' Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club ' for June, 1888. The total number of Algs recorded for Maine in these three papers is 228 species and 14 varieties and forms, 21 of the species and one of the varieties of which I have not yet seen. NEW COUNTY RECORDS FOR SKYE, ROSS, SUTHER- LAND, AND CAITHNESS. By E. F. Linton, M.A., and W. R. Linton, M.A. The following list is the result of observations made during the summer of 1888. All care has been taken to prevent the insertion of plants already recorded ; and Mr. Arthur Bennett has been con- sulted for this purpose in the case of most of the plants below mentioned, and has kindly given his opinion in the case of several where confirmation of the name seemed desirable. The list is arranged in Watson's order of counties. 104. Skye. Pianunculus Flammula L., var. petiolaris Lange. Li shallow water, Slighacan, in two pools about three miles apart. The Rev. 208 NEW COUNTY RECORDS FOR SKYE, ROSS, SUTHERLAND, ETC. E. S. Marshall is publishing a notice of this new variety, which he was the first to find, and also to work out as a segregate. His specimens were from Argyll. Xympluca alba L., var. minor. Pool near Sligachan. Hieracinm vuworum L., pro parte, as a segregate. Sneasdal, near the Quiraing. — U. sparsifolium Lindeb. In two well-separated localities in the neighbourhood of Uig. This was considered by one of us as a variety of H. sparsifoJium, approaching as it does the var. diminutum Lindeb., and differing from both type and variety in the shape of the base of the leaf. Mr. F. J. Hanbury, however, places it with the tj^pe, and has so referred to it on p. T-i of this volume. — H. anglicum var. longihracteatuni F. J. Hanb. Lower rocks of Cuchullins, alt. 1500-2000 ft. Also in 1884, on rocks near the Quiraing ; when Mr. Backhouse considered our plant to be " seedling rt7?^/«cin/i " ; and under this title it may have passed through the Botanical Exchange Club into several herbaria. Mr. Hanbury had not then named his variety, but, on seeing our specimens, has agreed to our present naming of them. The type we have previously recorded. — H. Schmidtii Tausch. Rocks at a low elevation, near Uig. Agreed to by Mr. Hanbury. — H. cale- donicum F. J. Hanb. An extension westwards of this new species, which Mr. Hanbury has kindly identified for us. Typical specimens were gathered on rocks in two localities in the neighbourhood of Uig. Carex Jiliformis L. Wet ground not far from Sligachan Hotel. Aira aetacea Huds. {A. ulifjinosa Weihe). Shallow margin of a pool, with Eriocaulon septangular e, about a mile from Sligachan Hotel. 105. West Ross. Hieracinm murorum L., var. ciliatum Almq. Rocks near Stroma Ferry. The name was suggested by Mr. F. J. Hanbury, and, on comparison with Lindeberg's specimen, there seems no reason to doubt its correctness. We noticed more bushes of Piosa mollis Sm., var. glahrata Fries, about half-a-mile along the rail from Strome, and in the shade of a wall of rock a few late flowers lingered, which were of a pure white. 107. Sutherland East. Montia fontana L., var. rivularis Gmel. Helmsdale. This species does not appear to have been recorded. We noticed it only in one spot. Scnecio viscosus L. Among stones scarcely above high-water mark, Helmsdale. Sonchus asper Hoffm. Helmsdale. A very glandular form, like a plant sent out through the Bot. Ex. Club, in 1884, by Mr. H. Bromwich, from Milverton. Stachys arvensis L. Helmsdale. liumex aquaticus L. Sea-shore, Helmsdale. Fcstuca rubra L,, var. pruinosa Hackel. Near the Ord, but south of the boundary. The same plant we found in 1884 in Skye. notes on the flora of south bedfordshire. 209 108. Sutherland West. Aira setacea Huds. {A. uliginosa Weilie). On a small turf bog adjoining a large pool near the Naver, Betty Hill. 109. Caithness. Linum catharticum L. A small, close-growing form with flat umbellate heads, on which Mr. Arthur Bennett remarks, " Very near, if not the same as, var. condensatiim Lange." Frequent on the sandy Reay Links. Type previously recorded. Lathynis sijlvestris L. On the cliffs near Berriedale. Piuhus hemistemon P. J. Mlill. Dunbeath. Named for us by Dr. W. 0. Focke. Bosa canina L., var. Watsoni. So named by Mr. J. G. Baker. Near Dunbeath. Carex arenaria L. A very elongate form, growing over 2 ft. in height, in a peaty ditch near Reay. Beyond the large size, Mr. A. Bennett did not detect any further peculiarity, the soil and situation no doubt accounting for the rank growth. Type previously recorded. NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE. By James Saunders. The following notes on the Flora of South Bedfordshire are supplementary to those which appeared in the ' Journal of Botany ' for 1883 and 1884. Many of the species and varieties are new records ; in other cases additional stations are given for the rarer forms, and in several instances plants previously recorded for North Beds, are now also given for South Beds. The list includes information both historic and recent; historic in so far as it records the labours of the late Rev. W. Crouch, of Cainhoe, and of Mr. M'Laren, of Cardington ; recent in that it includes the latest observations of several local botanists, notably those of Mr. C. Crouch, of Pullox Hill, indicated in the list by C. C. The Rev. W. Crouch was for several years curate of Lidlington, and while residing there, and also at Cainhoe, he collected many interesting facts during the numerous walks taken in connection with his duties. These records are distinguished by the abbreviation, '• TF. C. Herb.," which implies that specimens are in existence in the herbarium formed by that gentleman, chiefly between 1842 and 1846, in which latter year he died. It is through the courtesy of Mr. C. Crouch, the nephew of the late Rev. W. Crouch, that these materials are available. The labours of Mr. M'Laren extended from about 1842 till a very recent date. He was a careful and persistent observer, and has left an extensive collection of local plants. Thalictrum Jiavum L. Agg. Gravenhurst, W. C. Herb., 1844. — Var. riparlum. Limbury. Myosurus minimus L. Ridgmount, C. G. Journal op Botany. — Vol. 27. [July, 1889.] p 210 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE. Ranunculus peltatus, var. truncatus. Slip End. — R. pseudo- fuitans Bab. Barton Springs. — R, Drouetii var. ccespitosus Thuill. On dried mud of a pond, Aspley. — R. hirsutus Curt. Ridgmount, C. C. Clophill, W. C. Herb., 1842. Delphinium Ajacis Reich. Field, Harlington, Anstee. Probably introduced. Papaver somniferum L. Agg. Houghton Conquest, C. C. Field near Luton. Casual. — P. diibium var. Lecoqii, Ampthill, C. G. Flitwick. — P. hybridum L. Near Dunstable, W. G. Smith. Fumaria densiflora DC. Mead Hook Wood, C. C. Limbury. — F. Vaillantii Loisel. Barton Hills, C. C. Sinapis alba L. Near Luton Hoo, J. Catt. — S. nigra L. Clophill, W. C. Herb., 1843. Diplotaxis muralis DC. Ampthill, Oct. 1888, C. C. Casual. Draba muralis L. Kimbolton, N. Beds., Hamson, 1888. Alyssum incanum L. Casual. Flitwick, 1884. Camelina sativa Crantz. Casual with clover, circa 1865 ; not seen since, J. Crouch. Teesdalia nudicaidis Brown. Steppingley. Ampthill, C. C. Viola hirta var. calcarea Bab. Barton Hills. Drosera rotwidifolia L. Maulden, 1845, W. C. Herb. I fear this is extinct, through draining. It is still fairly abundant on Flitwick Marsh, 1888. Dianthus Armeria L. Railway introduction on the Midland Railway between Luton and Leagrave. Silene noctiflora L. Leagrave, Piffard. Field south of Luton, 1887 and 1888. Stellaria glauca With. Flitwick Moor, 1886, Hamson. Arenaria serpyllifolia var. sphcBvocarpa Tenore. Luton Hoo Park wall. Sagina apetala Prop. Base of a wall, Christ Church, Luton. — S. nodosa Meyer. Flitwick Moor. Spergida arvensis L., var. vulgaris. Pepperstock. (Hyjjericum Elodes L. " Potton Marshes," Abbott. I fear extinct, as it has been searched for carefully in recent years.) Geranium, pyrenaicum L. Ampthill, 1885, 0. C. — G. rotundi- folium L. Between Leagrave and Sundon, C. 0. — G. columbinum L. Gravenhurst, 1842, W. C. Herb. Genista anglica L. Maulden, 1844, W. C. Herb. — G. tinctoria L. Exeter Wood, N. Beds., M'Laren. Medicago saliva h. Silsoe sand-pit ; probably an escape. Railway introduction, Leagrave. Trifolium subterraneum L. N. Beds., 1844, M'Larm. — T. ochro- leiicum L. Clophill, 1888, C. C. — T. striatum L. Cainhoe, 1845, W. C. Herb. An escape ? — T. scabrum L. Fhtwick Marsh, 1884, M'Laren. — T.fragiferum L. Barton, Clophill, C. C. — T.Jiliforme L. Cainhoe, 1845, W. C. Herb. Astragalus Hypogluttis L. Abundant on the Warden Hills. In the 1884 list inadvertently recorded as glyciphyllos. Hippocrepis comosa L. Warden Hills. Markham Hills. Dun- stable Downs. NOTES ON THE FLOKA OF SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE. 211 Lathyriis Nissolia L. Cainhoe, July, 1845, W. C. Herb. Clop- hiU, 1888, C. C.—L. sylvestris. Cainlioe, 184e5, W. C. Herb. Green Lane, Flitwick. Orobiis tuberosiis L. Aspley Wood, 1844, W. G. Herb. Poterium muricatum Spach. Abundant on railway-banks south of Luton. See Journ. Bot. 1876. Biihi. The following have been named by Mr. J. G. Baker, to whom my best thanks are due for his unwearied courtesy : — Rubus discolor W. & N. Common near Luton. — Var. pubigerus. Heath and Keach. — E. leiicostachys Sm. Luton Hoo. Pepperstock. Cad- dington. — R. dumetorum Weihe. Dunstable Eoad, under fir-trees. — R. Radida Weihe. Luton Hoo. — R. diversifolius Lindl. Dallow Lane. — R. pallidus Weihe. Luton Hoo. — R. Koehleri var. pallidiis Bab., non W. &N. Badger Dell Wood. — R. coryliifolius. Frequent near Luton, Barton Hills. Rosa canina L., var. lutetiana Leman. Near Luton. — Var. sphcerica Gren. A form near this, Limbury. — Var. between hitetiana Leman and dumalis Bechst. Limbury. — Var. urbica Leman. Limbury. CratcEcjus oxyacantJioides Thuill. Near Warden Hills. Pyriis Pyraster L. Flitwick Marsh. — P. Mains L., var. acerba DC. Sundon. Brammingham. — Var. mitis. Sundon. Dunstable. Peplis Portula L. Dried-up pool, Luton Hoo, 1885, J. Gatt. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Eidgmount, C. G. — M. alterni- folium DC. Pond, field, Pepperstock. Erroneously recorded as verticillatum in 1883 list. Ribes nigrum L. Doubtfully indigenous. In a spinney by the River Lea, Leagrave. Moist wood, Luton Hoo. Centaurea solstitialis L. A casual. Biscot. Achillea Ptarmica L. Tingrith Park, Twidell. Artemisia Absinthium L. Cainhoe, W. G. Herb., 1842. Senecio erucifolius L. Gravenhurst, G. C, 1888. Bidens tripartita L. Flitwick, near Luton. (Gentiana campestris L. Recorded by Abbot for Barton Hills ; there is, however, no specimen in his herbarium (see Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 43). No observer has recently found G. campestris in Beds., although tetramerous forms of Amarella are frequent.) Guscuta Epithymum Murr. On clover, &c., near Luton, Biscot, Southill, Heath and Reach. Orobanche major L. Aspley, 1844, W. G. Herb, — 0. minor L. Ampthill. Flitwick. Harlington. Lamium incisum Willd. A garden weed, Luton. Lithospermum officinale L. Clophill, 1844, W. G. Herb. Pinguicula vidgaris L. Pegsdon, Pollard. Streatley Hills, on a chalk-hill side with a N.E. aspect, G. G. Plentiful in one spot some seasons, Totternhoe Mead, W. (}. Smith; but this station was brought under cultivation in 1888, hence it is now probably extinct. Utricidaria vidgaris L. In a ditch near Bedford, A. Ransom, 1888. An interesting re-discovery of a rare Beds, plant. First found in the county by T. Vaux, circa 1800. tSamolm Valerandi L. Gravenhurst, 1844, W. G. Herb. p2 212 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE. Chcnopodium polyspennum L. Luton Hoo, J. Catt. Near Pullox Hill, C. C. — C. album L., var. paganum. Luton. — C. rubrum L. Lidlington, W. C. Herb., 1845; Silsoe, 1884. FiUmex nemorosiis Schrad., var. viridis. New Mill End. — B. pulcher L. Pullox Hill, C. C. Clophill, 1885.— i?. Hydrolapathum Huds. Clophill, W. C. Herb., 1845. Eiver Ousel, Heath and Eeach, by mistake given as aquaticus in 1883 list. By the River Lea, New Mill End. Polygojium lapathifolhwi L. Frequent by the Eiver Lea. — P. Bistorta L. Moist meadow, Totternhoe, S.W. from the Knoll, 1888. Salix pentandra L. Leagrave Marsh, probably planted. — S. cdba L. Frequent. — S. Smithiana Willd. Frequent near Limbury and Biscot. Junipenis communis L. One bush on Barton Hills. Taxus baccata L. "Probably naturalized longer than many plants now considered indigenous," C. C. Too frequent to be omitted. Typha anqustifolia L. Lidlington, 1845, W.C, Herb. Beadlow, by the Eiver Ivel, 1888, C. C. Acorns Calamus L. Tingrith Park, Tividell. Potamogeton polygonifolius Pour. Flitwick Moor. — P. rufescens Schrad. Near Cainhoe, W. C. Herb., 1845. — P. lucens L., var. acuminatus Schum. Eiver Ivel, Shefford, 1884. Ophrys apifera Huds. Usually uncertain in appearance ; has been singularly constant near the Eifle Butts, Luton, occumng each season from 1882 to 1889. Ejnpactis paliistris Crantz. Gravenhurst, W. C. He7'b., 1842. Carex dividsa Good. Sundon Woods, Farley Hill. — C. axillaris Good. Fenlake, N. Beds., M'Laren. — C. stricta Good. Totternhoe. — C. acuta L. Fenlake, N. Beds., M'Laren. — C. vidgaris Fries, var. juncella Fries, teste A. Bennett. Paradise Eow, Limbury. — C. pendida Huds. Luton Hoo Park. — C. binervis Sm. Brook-side, Markham Hills. — C. /lava L. The only form observed is ininor Towns. — C. vesicaria L. Flitton Moor, M'Laren. Setaria viridis Beauv. Casual. Flitwick, on the Midland Eailway. Phleum pratense L., var. nodosum. Putnoe Wood, M'Laren. Near Warden Hills, 1888. Bromus erectus Huds. Abundant on the lower chalk escarpment. Brachyjwdixim pinnatum Beauv. Waste ground. General Ceme- tery, Luton, 1885. Atliyrium Filix-famina Bernh. Aspley Woods, Mrs. Tuidell. Aspidium acideatum Sw. Chicksands, C. C. Nephrodiu7n dilatatmn Desv. Aspley Woods, C. C. Flitwick Woods. Osmunda regalis L. Tingrith Park, probably planted. Tolypella glomerata Desv. Pool near Bedford, Davis. — 2\ intricata Leonh. In a small pool between Brammingham Woods, 1883; absolutely absent in 1884; present in each successive season, 1885-1889. I have made many attempts to introduce this plant into neighbouring pools and streams, but at present without apparent success. 218 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BKITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S. (Continued from p. 182.) Johnston, George (1797-1855): b. Simprin, Berwicksh., 20th July, 1797 ; d. Bridge of Allan, 30th July, 1855. M.D., Edinb., 1819. LL.D., Aberdeen. Mayor of Berwick. Orig. Memb. Berwicksh. F. Club. ' Fl. of Berwick,' 1829-1831, illustr. by his wife. ' Bot. Eastern Borders,' 1853. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 2776, 2866. Pritz. 157; Jacks. 564; Proc. Berwicksh. Field Club, iii., 202; K. S. C. iii. 563 ; viii. 30; Gard. Chron. 1855, 597. Johnstone, William Grosart (d. c. 1860) : d. London, circ. 1860. 'Nature-printed .... Sea-weeds' (with Croall), 1859-1860. Pritz. 157 ; Jacks. 242. Jones, A. M. (1826 ?-1889) : d. Clifton, Somerset, Feb. or March, 1889. Colonel. Grew and studied varieties of British Ferns. 'Hybrid Ferns' (with E. J. Lowe), Ann. Bot. iii. 27 (1889). Gard. Chron. 1889, i. 310. Jones, Rev. Hugh (fl. 1699). Sent ** several volumes of plants" from Maryland to Petiver, Mus. Pet. 44. Hb. Sloane, 74, 158. Jones, Jezreel (fl. 1699). Sent plants from Portugal to Petiver, Mus. Pet. 45. Hb. Sloane, 16, 80. Jones, Rev. John Pike (fl. 1820-1829). ' Bot. tour through . . . Devon and Cornwall,' 1820. ' Fl. Devoniensis ' (with J. F. Kingston), 1829. Fl. Plym. xxix. ; Pritz. 157 ; Jacks. 250. Jones, Theobald (1790-1868) : b. Dublin, 1790 ; d. Dublin, 12th Feb. 1868. Admiral. M.P. for Londonderry. F.L.S., 1842. Lichenologist. Herbarium at Trin. Coll., Dublin. Jacks. 351 ; E. S. C. viii. 36 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1867-1868, cv. Jones, Thomas, ''BardCloff" (fl. 1760-1828). 'A British and English Herbal' (in Welsh), in his Welsh and English Dic- tionary, 1760. Davies' ' Welsh Botanology,' pref. xi. note. Jones, Sir William (1746-1794) : b. London, 28th Sept. 1746 ; d. Calcutta, 27th April, 1794; bur. Calcutta. F.R.S., 1772. " M.A., Oxon, 1773. Linguist. Judge of Supreme Court, Cal- cutta, and Knighted, 1783. ' Works,' in 6 vols., Botany in vol. ii., 1799. Life and Works, 1807. Autobiog., 1846. Pritz. 157 ; R. S. C. iii. 576. Monuments in St. Paul's, in Calcutta, and one by Flaxman at Univ. Coll., Oxon. Jonesia Roxb. Jones, Rev. William (1726-1800) : b. Lowick, Northamptonsh., 30th July, 1726; d. Nayland, Suffolk, 6th Feb. 1800. Of Nayland. B.A., Oxon, 1749. Vicar of Bethersden; Rector of Pluckley and Hollingbourne, Kent ; Pastor, Northants ; and Curate of Nayland. Preached the Fairchild Sermon, ' The religious use of botanical iDhilosophy,' a sermon, 1784. Pritz. 157 ; Life and Works, 1801 ; Chalmers. 214 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Jorden, George (fl. 1842-1863). Of Bewdley. Discriminated Epilohium macrocarpum, Ann. & Mag. viii. (1842), 246. Con- tributed to Pliyt. i.-vi., n. s. R. S. C. iii. 580. Josselyn, John (fl. 1633-1674). In Massachusetts, 1633-1674. « New England's Rarities,' 1672. ' Two Voyages to New Eng- land,' 1674. Pritz. i. 133; Jacks. 354. Just, John (1797 ?-1852) : b. Natland, Kendal, Westmoreland, 1797 ? ; d. Manchester ?, 1852. Assistant-master, Kirkby Lonsdale and Bury Grammar-schools. Prof. Bot., Manchester Institution, 1848. Found Cypripedlum. at Arncliffe, Yorkshire, 1835. Phyt. i. 396; Cash, 136; Mem. Lit. Phil. Soc, Man- chester, 2nd S., xi. 91. Justice, James (fl. 1754). Of Edinburgh. 'British Gardener's Director,' Edinb., 1754. F.R.S. ? Pritz. i. 136. Justicia L. Keddie, William (fl. 1844). Sec. Bot. Soc. Glasgow. ' Bot. of Bass Rock,' 1844. Phyt. ii. 242. Keil, James (d. 1719) : d. Northampton, 16th July, 1719. M.D. Surgeon. Sent plants to Petiver, Mus. Pet. no. 219. Plants from Cyprus, Rhodes, &c., in Hb. Sloane, 11. Keir, Walter (fl. 1699). Surgeon. Sent plants from Malacca and China to Petiver, Mus. Pet. 45, 80. Keith, Rev. Patrick (1769-1840) : b. Scotland, 1769 ; d. StaUs- field, Kent, 25th Jan. 1840. M.A., Glasgow. F.L.S., 1805. Vicar of Stalisfield. 'System of Physiol. Bot.,' 1816. 'Bot. Lexicon,' 1837. Pritz. 162; Jacks. 565; R. S. C. iii. 628; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 70. Keithia Benth. Kendrick, James (1771-1847) : b. Warrington, 14th Jan. 1771 ; d. Warrington, 30th Nov. 1847. M.D. F.L.S., 1802. Pres., Warrington Bot. Soc. Contributed notes to Crosfield's ' Calendar of Flora.' Practised in Warrington from 1793. Memoir, with Silhouette portr., in his ' Profiles of Warrington Worthies,' ed. 2, 1854. Rhododendron Kendrickii Nutt. Kennedy, Lewis (fl. 1775-1818). Nurseryman, of the Vineyard, Hammersmith. Father-in-law of H. C. Andrews. Wrote much of ' Bot. Repository ' 1799-1804. Author of Page's ' Prodromus ' ? (c/. Johns. Diet. Gardening, 301). Rees, Add. suh Kenuedia. Loud. Arboretum, i. 78 ; Ventonat, Jard. Malm., tab. 104, 1804. Kennedia Vent. Kennion, Edward (1743-1809) : b. Liverpool, 15th Jan. 1743, 0. 8. ; d. Liverpool, 14th April, 1809. Artist. F.S.A. 'Essay on Trees in Landscape,' 1815. Memoir prefaced to above work. Pritz. 162. Kent, William (d. before 1828). Gardener. F.L.S., 1813. Ac- companied Reinwardt in Indian Archipelago. Blume, Fl. Jav. i. 71 ; Rumphia, ii. 94. Kentia BL, Fl. Jav. = Melodorum. Kentia Bl., Rumphia. Kent, Miss (fl. 1823-30). 'Flora Domestica,' 1823. 'Sylvan Sketches,' 1825. ' Considerations on Bot.,' Mag. Nat. Hist. 1828, 30. Pritz. 162 ; Jacks. 214 ; R. S. C. iii. 638. Kentish, Richard (fl. 1782-1791). M.D. Edinb. ' Experiments BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OP BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 215 and observations on . . . Bark,' 1784. Dryander, iii. 472. President, Society of Naturalists, Edinb., 1782. Keogh, Rev. John (fl. 1735-1744). A.B. Chaplain to Lord Kingston. ' Botanologia . . . Hibernica,' 1735. Pult. ii. 201; Pritz. 162 ; Jacks. 247. Ker, Charles Henry Bellenden (fl. 1821-1853). ' Icones plantarum China nascentium.' Pritz. no. 10779, 1821. Ker, John Bellenden {olim Gawler) (d. 1871) : d. Cannes, 1871. Edited ' Bot. Register,' 1815-1824. ' Strelitzia,' 1818. ' Irid- earum genera,' 1827. Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 166 ; Gard. Chron. 1871, 1589; Journ. Bot. 1872, 32; Pritz. 162; Jacks. 565; R. S. C. iii. 639. Belleudena Br. Ker, William (d. 1814) : d. Ceylon, 1814. Kew gardener and collector. Canton, 1803 ; Java and Philippines. Superintendent, Peradeniya Bot. Gard., 1812. Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 570 ; Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 154 ; Lambert, Pinus, ed. 2, ii. 111. Kerria DC. Kett, Mrs. Hannah (fl. 1799). Of Seething, Norfolk. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 69, 318, 514, 691, &c. Key [see Caius, John] . Keys, Isaiah W. N. (fl. 1848-1867). Bookseller, of Plymouth. ' Flora of Devon and Cornwall,' 1866-7. Contrib. to Phyt. iii. Pritz. 163; Jacks. 151 ; R. S. C. iii. 646, viii. 71. Kinahan, John Robert (1828-1863) : b. 1828 ; d. Dublin, 2nd Feb. 1863. M.D., Dublin. F.L.S., 1858. Geologist. Prof. Zoology, School of Mines, Dublin. Hon. Sec. Dublin N. H. Soc. Proc. Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc. 1855-9 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. vii. xlii.; R. S. C. iii. 651, viii. King, Philip Parker (1793-1856) : b. Norfolk Island, 13th Dec. 1793 ; d. Grantham, Sydney, 25th Feb. 1856. Captain, R.N. Rear-admiral, 1855. F.L.S., 1824. F.R.S., 1824. 'Narrative of the Survey of . . . Australia,' 1818-1822' (with Allan Cun- ningham), 1827. 'Narrative of the .... voyages of H. M.S. 'Adventure' and 'Beagle,' 1826-1836.' Plants in Brit. Mus. and at Edinburgh. Pritz. 164 ; R. S. C. iii. 655 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1856-7, xxiii. Kiyigia Br. King, Samuel (fl. 1840-4). Of Luddenden, near Halifax. Contributed to Phyt. i. Kingsley, Rev. Charles (1819-1875) : b. Holne, S. Devon, 12th June, 1819 ; d. Eversley, Hants, 23rd Jan. 1875 ; bur. Eversley. M.A., Cambridge. Rector of Eversley, 1844. Canon of Chester, 1869 ; of Westminster, 1873. Novelist, essayist, naturahst. F.L.S., 1856. 'Letters and Memories,' with portr. engr. J. C. Armytage, 1877. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1874-5, Ivi. ; R. S. C. viii. 76. Bust by Woolner in Westminster Abbey. Kingsley, Charlotte [see Chanter] . Kingsley, Henry (fl. 1838-1852). M.D. F.L.S., 1852. Of Uxbridge. Corr. Memb. Bot. Soc. Lond. Herbarium in pos- session of J. Cosmo Melvill. Kingston, J. F. (1829). ' Fl. Devoniensis ' (with Rev. J. P. Jones), 1829. R. S. C. iii. 658. 216 SHORT NOTES. Kingston, Robert Greaser (1846 ?-1872) : b. Yorksh., 1846?; d. Kew, 21st June, 1872. Assistant in Herb. Kew. Journ. Bot. 1872, 224 ; Gard. Chron. 1872, 876. Kingstonia Hook. f. Kingstone, — . (fl. 1724). M.D. Discovered Saxifraga Hirculus at Knutsford. E. Syn. iii. 355. Kingstonia S. F. Gray = Saxifraqa Hirculus. Kippist, Richard (1812 ?-1882) : b. Stoke Newington, 11th June, 1812; d. Chelsea, 14tli Jan., 1882; bur. Brompton Cemetery. A.L.S., 1842. Assistant Librarian, Linn. Soc, 1830; Librarian, 1842-1880. Fritz. 164; Journ. Bot. 1882, 63; K. S. C. iii. 658; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1881-2, 64; Gard. Cliron. 1882, i. 91. Kippistia Miers = Salacia. Kippistia F. von Muell. = Minuria. Kirckwood, John (fl. 1698). Surgeon. Sent plants to Petiver from Angola and Old Calabar. Mus. Pet. nn. 155, 167; Gazoph. p. 9. Knapp, F. H. (fl. 1846-1863). Of Bath. 'Botanical Chart,' 1846. Pritz. 165 ; Jacks. 235. Knapp, John Leonard (1767-1845) : b. Sbenley, Bucks, 9th May, 1767 ; d. Alveston, Gloucestersh., 29th April, 1845. F.L.S., 1796. 'Gramina Britannica,' 1804. 'Journal of a Naturalist,' 1829. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 688, 1127. Pritz. 165; Jacks. 239; Proc. Lmn. Soc. i. 244; ' Atlienaeum,' 1845, 463. Knappia Sm. = Mibora Adans. Knappia F. Bauer = Rhynchoglossum Blume. (To be continued.) SHORT NOTES. Festuoa heterophylla Lam. in Britain (see pp. 94, 158). — I fear this plant, discovered by the Rev. E. S. Marshall in Surrey, can scarcely be considered a native of Britain. It is a South European plant, finding its northern limits in the latitudes of Paris and Frankfurt, with the continental climates of these places. Further north, in Denmark, Belgium, and England, it has, I have little doubt, been introduced as a good pasture-plant. It was known to George Sinclair in the beginning of the century. He published it at first under the name Festuca hordiforniis, but in 1816, when the folio edition of his classical work, ' Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis,' was published, he accepted the judgment of Sowerby, and ranked it as a variety of F. ovina. A specimen of the grass is inserted in this edition of his work, and in the 8vo edition (1824) a very good plate is given. He says: — "I am uncertain as to its native place of growth, having never discovered it in any soil or situation in a wild state. Native of Britain" (p. 36). In 1824 he doubted its being a native of Britain, and added a query to this statement. He cultivated a sufficient quantity at Woburn to enable him to determine the produce per acre, and to have it analysed with the view of determining its food-value. Mr. Sinclair specifies his obligations to Mr. Thomas Gibbs, Seedsman to the Board of FLOBA OF HEREFORDSHIBE. 217 Agriculture, for information respecting those plants more recently introduced to the agriculturist, which he could not otherwise have obtained. This firm still exists, and among the grass for pasture they offer for sale is Festuca heterophylla Lam. Mr. M. J. Sutton, in his work on 'Permanent and Temporary Pastures' (1886), says this Fescue was introduced into England in 1814 ; he gives an account of the plant, and a figure in which the character of the root-leaves is not correctly rendered. The firm of seedsmen of which Mr. Sutton is a member have also for many years had the seeds of this species on sale. Messrs. Carter in their Grass Catalogue give a small but good figure of this species, and offer it for sale, recommending it as ''a popular continental grass, well adapted where a heavy swarth is wanted, and desirable in mixtures for ornamental grounds on account of the bright colour of its foliage." Webb also gives a figure in his Catalogue, and recommends it for use. And Dr. Stebler, in his ' Best Forage Plants' — I quote Mr. Mc Alpine's recent translation — says: — "Several varieties of this plant are in cultivation in England. The following deserve mention: 1, prcBcox (an early variety); 2, purpurata (a purple variety) ; 3, serratifolia (a variety with serrated leaf-blades) ; and 4, glabra (a hairless variety)." I do not know what is Dr. Stebler's authority for this statement, but the value of it is considerably modified by his subsequent criticisms. That the plant has been in cultivation for over seventy years, and that the seed can be purchased at any seedsman's for a small price per pound, cannot be doubted ; and these facts seem sufficient to account for its occurrence in the localities noted in recent numbers of this Journal. — Wm. Oarruthers. Gentiana Amarella var. pr-eoox. — I have lately found this in very great profusion on several of our I. of Wight Downs, e. g. , Bembridge, Bonchurch, Boniface, and Rew. On the latter it is especially fine, some specimens being 6 in. high. The majority of specimens have four cleft flowers, though I have found many pentamerous plants. I have searched with others very carefully for prcBcox in the locality I mention for three or four years without finding a single specimen, and in some of them without even seeing an autumnal plant. Some six years ago I noticed the early-flowering variety in several places, but did not then know that it was a rarity. I have seen four or five more flowers on the same plant. — Augustus Steuart. NOTICES OF BOOKS. A Flora of Herefordshire. Edited by William Henry Purchas and AuGusTiN Ley. Hereford: Jakeman & Carver. 8vo, pp. xi., xxxvii., 545. [1889.] The names of the two experienced and accomplished botanists who now, after many years' investigation, have issued this work, under the auspices of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club, were 218 FLOEA OF HEREFORDSHIRB. in themselves sufficient guarantee that the result would be both correct and thorough. A perusal of its pages quite justifies this anticipation, and every student of the distribution and criticism of British plants should have a copy on his shelves. It is clear that no pains have been spared to ensure the greatest possible accuracy, the temptation to swell the county list by including doubtful records being steadily and consistently fought against. The number of phanerogams and higher cryptogams admitted as native slightly exceeds 900 ; 283 mosses are given, one of which is for the first time published as British, and no fewer than 1097 fungi. The late Dr. H. G. Bull, of Hereford, very largely con- tributed, alike by his own indefatigable industry and his power of interesting others in the subject, to the last-named section, with results probably unapproached hitherto in any English district of the same area. Herefordshire Lichens and Algae are not yet sufficiently worked out to find a place here. The editors have received a considerable amount of local help, which is fully acknowledged ; and have also benefited greatly by the co-operation of such leading botanists as the late Dr. Boswell, Mr. H. 0. Watson, the Rev. W. W. Newbould, Prof. Babington, Dr. Cooke, and Messrs. J. G. Baker, Archer Briggs, Arthur Bennett, Leefe, and Worthing- ton Smith. But they have not scrupled to express their own opinion when it differed from that of an acknowledged authority. The task of writing has been simplified by the comparatively small amount of previous printed records, Mr. Lees' ' Botany of Malvern ' beiug the only work bearing much on the county botany. The nomenclature is taken from the ' London Catalogue,' ed. 7, much of the MS. having apparently been in the printer's hands before the publication of the eighth edition. Owing to the present chaotic state of our plant-names, the drawback is not so great, perhaps, as might have been supposed. Attention is frequently called to the **agrestal" character of the flora as a whole, that of the Black Mountain, on the Brecknockshire border, being the most important exception. A list is given of the more prominent secondary hills, with their elevations, varying from 660 to nearly 1600 feet ; also an analysis of the phanerogams, according to Watson's "types of distribution." About one-half of the whole number are referred to the British class, one- quarter to the English, the rest being made up as follows : — 25 Scottish, 9 Intermediate, 4 Highland, 21 Germanic, 15 Atlantic, and 9 Local. Some concise but interesting notes on the climate, contributed by Mr. Henry Southall, close the thoroughly practical Preface. Thirty -seven introductory pages are devoted to the definition of the rather numerous (fourteen) districts, based partly on drainage, partly on geological features, and, in no small degree, on the eccentricities of the county border-line ; with notes on the geology of each, from the pen of the Rev. W. S. Symonds. He writes: — " I cannot close this notice of the Geology of Herefordshire without remarking that there are few localities where the great lessons in geology may be more easily learnt the two lessons of upheaval and erosion may be studied without difficulty." The FLORA OF HEBEFORDSHIRE. 219 Introduction is printed in much larger lettering than the Preface and the body of the book, as though having been first separately issued, and kept in type ; and this rather mars the generally excellent '* get-up." An over-exclamatory appearance is also caused by the fact that "in all records other than those made by the responsible editors, a ! is appended to the recorder's name when the editors have personally seen a dried specimen ; ! ! when they have seen a fresh specimen ; ! ! ! when they have seen the plant actually growing at the spot to which the record refers." Misprints are not frequent, other than those noticed in the brief 'Corrigenda'; such anomalies as "Viola Oanina," "Astragalus glydphyllus," "Wir^ten," "CAicorium," "Chenopodium urbium," "Carex vesctcaria," being probably due to slips in writing. " Referrible " is used throughout, instead of "referable"; "succurs" is not a good substitute for "suckers"; nor is "pyramidical," though perhaps more Johnsonian, so agree- able to present usage as "pyramidal." The authority for a varietal name is too often omitted, and some of the "English names " are certainly not to be found in common use, e.g., "Thyrsus-flowered Bramble," "Long-clustered Bramble," &c. But such trifling blemishes as these detract little from the sterling merit of the work as a whole. Not only is it evidently a faithful and apparently a full catalogue of the county vegetation, but the fruits of careful, intelligent, and prolonged study of the living plants and their habits are everywhere visible. If, for example, observers in other parts of the country would bestow as much attention upon the forms of Epipactis growing in their neighbourhood as has been done here, the present confusion upon the subject would be of no long continuance. Such a note as the following, again, is of much value, taken in connection with the occurrence of Puhnonaria officinalis, in profusion, in Suffolk woods : "This plant does not seed nor root readily; hence, though so common and favourite a plant in cultivation, it seldom succeeds in naturalizing itself beyond the limits of the garden." On p. 277 is an interesting extract from a letter of the Rev. J. E. Leefe, commencing thus : — " The more I study the Willows the more difficult I find them, for it appears to me that there are three classes among them : (1) Those that are distinct, as species ; (2) those which are distinguishable, but not distinct ; (3) those which are undistinguishable." Dr. Buchanan White has recently pointed out that much of the uncertainty connected with our salicology has been caused by ignoring the existence of hybrids. The same is true in the case of the Willow-herbs. Mr. Ley has a careful note on Ejnlobium Lamyi, but is scarcely right m asserting that "its general aspect is rather that of K. obscunwi" than of E. tetragonum [adnatmn'] ; nor is the statement of Grenier and Godron, which he quotes, that "sa duree . . . est annuelle, ou bisannuelle," warranted by normal experience. Most people will probably be surprised at some of the Mistletoe's ascertained hosts, such as Corglus, Rusa canina, Liibes Grossidaria, and Cedrus Libani ; excellent extracts on the life-history of this parasite are borrowed from the Woolhope Club's ' Transactions.' 220 HERBARIUM MUSEI FENNICI. The treatment of Festuca rubra scarcely appears satisfactory, but great confusion has hitherto reigned with regard to the British forms in this section of a difficult genus. Rosa and Rubus are treated exhaustively, a large part of the Appendix being devoted to the latter. Only a few heal plant-names are given ; that of " Maithen" for Antlieviis Cotula being the quaintest. In W. Surrey it is called '•Poison Magweed" (Mayweed?) by the harvesters, whose hands are often much inflamed by its acrid juice. Another such word is thus explained : — '* The term * Leasow' is used in a peculiar sense in the hop-growing districts, for an enclosure of grass-land over which are scattered alders and ash which are not suffered to grow into timber, but cut periodically for hop-poles, &c." The following opinion would hardly be endorsed by one whose explorations had been confined to the home counties : — ** Notwithstanding the close proximity of its usual stations, it [Mgopodiam Podagraria] would perhaps be better regarded as a native species which finds its most congenial home in spots which man cultivates, than as an intro- duction." With regard to the character of the flora itself, the most striking feature is the abundance of limestone-loving species, and the rarity or absence of many bog and moorland plants in all but one or two districts. Avena pratensis is a strange absentee, and Polygala calcarea might almost have been expected to occur. Teesdalia has become extinct in its only station. Yet the list of Carices is by no means a short one, and includes the usually maritime C. distanst which is, however, also found in Wilts, and grows near Weimar, in the very heart of Germany. Besides a useful map, plates are given of Juncus tenuis and Epi- pogum aphyUutn, and there is a woodcut representing the labels of " Epipactis oralis'' from Herefordshire, Yorkshire, and N. Wales. Edward S. Marshall. Herhanum Musei Fennici. Ed. secunda. 1. PlantsB Vasculares, curantibus Th. Sjelan, A. Osw. Kihlman, Hj. Hjelt. Hel- singforsise. 1889. Pp. i.-ix., 1-156, ex officine Typographica heredum J. Simelii. In 1852 the Societe pro Fauna et Flora Fennica published a list of their Finland vascular plants, followed in 1859 by a complete catalogue of the Finnish plants they possessed, with a map. This present Flora- Catalogue (for it partakes of the character of both) is a second edition of that of 1859, so far as concerns the vascular plants. The number of species given in the present one is 930 species, or 1047 species and subspecies, with 59 hybrids, and 58 varieties. The present work commences with a very interesting historical account of the gradual growth of the collections of the Society, printed in parallel columns, in Swedish and French. Going back to the terrible fire that devastated Abo (the old capital) in Sept. 1827, the then condition is traced to the actual commencement of the collections in 1840, the foundation being laid by the rich col- HERBARIUM MUSEI FENNICI. 221 ' lections of the brothers Nylander and M. Tengstrom. After this the collection has grown " day by day to the great satisfaction of all friends of the study of the Natural History of Finland." In 1870 the Society appointed a committee of six members to draw up divisions, and reconstruct the map of 1859. This present one differs from that of 1859, insomuch that the greater part of East Finmark is excluded, and the boundary on the east made to follow the rivers Muonio and Tornea, the political boundary dividing Finland from Scandinavia. It had been determined by the Society to publish a complete catalogue of the plants of Finland ; but the vasculares being fully worked up, the cryptogamic part is reserved for some future time. The various groups have been elaborated by different authors, notably the Hieracia by Norllin. Following the historical account is a chronological one of the plant-discoveries and discoverers from 1859 to 1889. A list of contributors under the various provinces, with a synopsis of the arrangement followed (that of Eichler in his ' Syllabus der Vorlesungen iiber specielle und medicinsch-pharma- ceutische Botanik '); this commences with the EquisetacecB and ends with the Composite^. What may be called the Flora foUows ; the distribution is shown by the first letters of the twenty-nine botanical provinces adopted. These are given in an irregular parallelogram, with the names of the species placed under, the absence of a species for a given province being indicated by a dot. The plants of that portion of Swedish Lapland (here called Lapponia Enontekiensis) immediately adjoining is also shown, but outside the line ; twelve of these are placed on a page, and this occupies 121 pages of the book. A somewhat similar plan was lately used to show the distribution of the Carices of Holland, but small maps were used with crosses indicating where the species had occurred. In the same sequence some of the rarer plants are given with localities, accompanied by remarks, new forms, &c. ; among the genera that are specially worked up may be named Betula and Polygonum. Eight pages are then occupied with descriptions of new species, sujjspecies, and varieties of the genus Hieracium, though a few of these had been previously so treated in Hjelt's and Hult's 'Vegetation Kemi Lappmark' and Norllin's 'Bidrag. Skand. Hier.' Lastly, there is an index of genera and two maps. The fourteen ancient provinces are divided into twenty-nine botanical districts founded on some natural basis, or some uni- formity in the vegetation, and named after some local or geo- graphical peculiarity — such as Lapponia kemensis, Karelia onegensis, Ostrobottnia borealis, &c. ; these are excellently shown in the large map accompanying the Catalogue, while the small map acts as a key to the other. Finland, as here understood, has its eastern boundary in the Gulf of Bothnia, northward continued by the boundary of Norway and Sweden, the coast of the Arctic Sea, round to that of the White Sea, the Une taken including the group of islands off Cape Onega ; touching the land again at the outlet of the Biver Wig, bending round to the west side of Lake Onega, ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. thence to include about two-thirds of Lake Ladoga, and continued just north of St. Petersburg and Kronstadt to the Gulf of Finland. Perhaps nowhere else in Europe is there such an extensive and intricate series of lakes and rivers as in South -central Finland. Of the botanical districts, that of ''Aland" (the group of islands so named) is perhaps the most interesting, no less than fifty-six species being found in that province only. The flora is richer than might be expected, looking at the great difference in the vegetation of the west side of Norway, and the east side of Sweden bordering the Gulf of Bothnia. The north- western districts have many plants that are exceedingly rare, or scarcely found elsewhere in Europe. A new species of Potamogeton (P. Wolfgangii Kuhlman) is admitted, which in the 1st ed. was called P. nigricans Fr. This has been gathered and distributed as "P. salicifolius Wolf.," which it is not. P. nigrescens Fr. had three distinct values m its describer's eyes ; but the original specimens from Lapponia Pithensi 1824! were a form of rufescens, as Laestadius so named them. Abiiis glutinosa L. occurs north to lat. 65° 28', "fertile " ; in Norway it occurs north to 64° 19' : Querciis pedimculata to 61° 5' (Norway to 62° 55'). Ubnus montana With, to 62° 36' (Norway to 67° 17') : Tilia ulmifoUa Scop, to 63° 30' (T. parvi/olia in Norway to 63° 40'). A new Taraxacum is described — '' T. nivale Lange in litt.'' Many interesting remarks on what may be only local forms will be found, but this notice of a local Catalogue is already too long. Arthur Bennett, Articles in Journals. Bot. Centralblatt. (No. 22). — C. Ochsenius, ' Ueber Maqui.' — G. A. Karlsson, ' Das Transfusionsgewebe bei den Coniferen.' — (No. 23). E. Nickel, * Ueber die Farbenreaktion und die Alde- nydnatur des Holzes.' — A. L. Gronwall, • Ueber die Stellung der mannlichen Bliiten bei den Orthotrichiim- Arten.' — T. M. Fries, ' Einige Bemerkungen iiber die Gattung Pitophonis.' — R. Jungner, • Ueber die Anatomic der Dioscoreaceen.' — (No. 24). J. Eriksson, * Fungi parasitici scandinavici exsiccati' [Haplobasidion, gen. nov.). — Id., ' Eine neue Fahnenhafer-varietat ' {Avena orientalis var. turgida), — (No. 25). A. Richter, ^ Rubus Fabryi, sp. n., & Bosa aubduplicata var. nov. albijiora.' Bot. Gazette (May). — M. S. Bebb, ' Notes on N. American Willows.' — W. H. Weed, • The Diatom Marshes and Diatom Beds of the Yellowstone National Park.' — G. Robertson, • Flowers and Insects.' — B. D. Halsted, ' Dicentra stigmas and stamens.' But. Zeitimg (Nos. 21-23). — A. Meyer, « Ueber die Entstehung der Schiedewande in dem sekretfiihrenden, plasmafreien Inter- cellularraume der VittsB der Umbelliferen ' (1 plate). — (No. 24). F. Noack, * Ueber un Korhizeubildende Pilze ' (1 plate). Bull. Sue. Bot. France (xxxvi. : Comptes-rendus 2 : June 1). — D. Clos, * StachijH ainbigiia.' — H. Jumelle, ' Marche de I'accroissement en poids des differents membres d'une plante annuelle.' — M. ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 223 Devaux, ' Sur quelques modifications singulieres observees sur les raciiies de graminees croissant dans I'eau.' — L. Daniel, ' Structure anatomique comparee de la feuille et des folioles de I'involucre dans les Corymbiferes. — A. Letourneux, * Sur une voyage botanique a Tripoli de Barbaric.' — E. Cossou, 'Plautse in Cyrenaica et agro Tripolitano a cl. J. Daveau lectae ' {Tunica Davaana, Hypericu7n Decaisneanum, Teucrium Davceanuiri, spp. nn.). — E. Blondel, * Sur le parfum et son mode de production cbez les Roses.' JML Torrey Bot. Club (June). — E. R. Drew, ' Botany of Hum- boldt County, California ' (Liqnnus adsurgens, L. sylvestris, Hosackia denticulata, Fotentilla laodfiora, Fpilobium exaltatmn, Hemizonia scabrella, Scorzonella arguta, Kriogonum speciosum, Euphorbia occi- dentalism Allium stenanthum, spp. nn.). — N. L. Britton, * Enumeration of Rusby's S. American Plants ' (Sida Beneusis, Wissadula andina, Helicteres Rusbyi, Buettneria jjescaprai/olia, B. Benensis^ B. Boliviana^ B. coriacea, Mollia Boliviana, Oxalis Bolivia7ia, 0. andina, Brunellia Oliverii, spp.nn.). — G. N. Best, 'On the Group Carolinm of the genus Rosa.' Gardeners'' Chronicle (June 8). — W. G. Smith, ' Disease of Daffodils' [Puccinia Schroeteri: fig. 118). — E. Bonavia, * Iris iberica.' — (June 15). Amor ijho phallus Titanum (figs. 119, 120).— (June 22). Dendrobium chrysolabrum Rolfe, n. sp. — (June 29). Dendrobium Fairfaxii Rolfe, Zygopetalwn lucidum Rolfe, spp. nn. — W. G. Smith, ' Disease of Lilies ' (Polyactis cana). Journal de Botanique (June 1). — G. Lagerheim, ' Sur un nouveau genre d'Uredinees ' {Rostrupia). — A. G. Garcin, * Sur le pigment de VEuglena sanguinea.' — P. Hariot, * Algues recueillies a I'ile Moquilon.' — P. Maury, * Plantes du Haut-Orenoque ' (Scirpus Gaillardii, S. aturensis, S. radicijiorus, spp. nn.). Journ. Linn, Soc. (xxiv. : No. 170 : June 8). — G. Massee, * Monograph of Thelephorecs, part i.' (3 plates : Asterostemma, gen. nov., many new species). — H. Bolus, ' Contributions to S. African Botany, part iv. : with a revised list of extra-tropical S. African Orchids ' [Sphceralcea ptannosa, Hermannia cristata, Pelargonium lepto- podium, P. Macoicani, P.gramineum, Lotononis Jilijolia, L. longijiora, L. namaquensis, Aspalathus leptoptera, A. humilis, Argyrolobium marginatum, Lonchocarpus speciosus, Cliffortia pilifera, Pharnaceum obovatum, Microloma namaquense, Angrcecum tncuspe, Habenaria anguiceps, H. involuta, H. Tysoni, H. porrecta, H. Rehmanni, Holothrix midtisecta, Disa oreophila, D. cajf'ra, D. Tysoni, D. steno- glossa, D. Baurii, Corycium tricuspidatum, Pterygodium hastatum, spp.nn.). Journ. Royal Microscopical Soc. (June). — G. Massee, * Revision of Trichiacece (3 plates). Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (June). — L. Celakovsky, ' Ueber Potentilla Lindackeri Tausch. & P. radiata Lehm.' — G. R. Beck, 'Trichome in Trichomen.' — C. Lippitsch, ' Ueber das Einreissen der Laubblatter der Musaceen und einiger verwandter Pflanzen.' — E. Woloszczak, ' Das Artenrecht der Soldanella hunyarica.' — K, Yandas, ' Beitrage 224 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. zur Kenntniss der Flora von Slid-Hercegovina ' (Celtis betulcBfolia, sp. n.). Science Gossip (June).— W. Roberts, Biography of John Ralfs. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. June 6, 1889.— Mr. Carruthers, F.R.S., President, in the chair. — Dr. John Anderson, Mr. J. G. Baker, Dr. Braithwaite, and Mr. F. Crisp were nominated Vice-Presidents. Mr. Digby S. W. NichoU was admitted a Fellow, and the following were elected : The Rt. Hon. the Marquis of Lothian, Messrs. W. Wilhams, C. S. Wild, and W. Schaus. — Mr. Narracott exhibited a singular fasciated growth of Ranunculus aciis, found at Castlebar Hill, Ealing. — Dr. Cogswell showed some examples of Jerusalem Artichoke and Potatoe to illustrate the spiral development of the shoots from right to left. — Mr. Clement Reid exhibited several specimens of fossil plants from a newly-discovered Pleistocene Deposit at South Cross, Southelmham, near Harleston. — Mr. D. Morris exhibited specimens of the fruit of Sideroxylon dulciferum, the so-called " miraculous berry " of West Africa, belonging to the Sapotacece. Covered externally with a soft sweet pulp, it imparts to the palate a sensation which renders it possible to partake of sour substances, and even of tartaric acid, lime-juice, and vinegar, and to give them a flavour of absolute sweetness. The fruit of Thaumatococcus [Phnjnium DanieUi), possessing similar properties, was also shown, and living plants of both had lately been received at Kew from Lagos, through Governor Moloney. — Mr. Thomas Christy exhibited growing plants of Antiaris toxicaria (the Upas tree) and Strophanthus Komhe, both of them poisonous, to show the similarity of the foliage. — On behalf of Dr. Buchanan White, a paper was then read by Mr. B. D. Jackson, entitled 'A Revision of the British Willows.' June 20. — Mr. Carruthers, F.R.S., President, in the chair. — Messrs. A. Denny, R. Miller Christy, and John Fraser were elected Fellows. — Dr. H. Trimen exhibited specimens and drawings of the Tuberculated Lime of Ceylon. — Governor Moloney, of the Colony of Lagos, W. Africa, exhibited a remarkably large block of resinous gum, which, in the opinion of Prof. Oliver, was referable to some species of Daniellia, and which had been found in Ijo country. As an article of commerce it possessed the advantage of requiring a heat of 600° F. to "run" it so as to unite with linseed oil m the manufacture of varnish. — A communication was read from Mr. Charles Packe on a remarkable case of prolonged vitality in a Fritillary bulb. We note with pleasure that Mr. G. C. Druce has received the degree of M.A. from the University of Oxford, and Mr. F. W. Burbidge the same honour from Trinity College, Dublin ; and that Mr. W. B. Hemsley has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. ra."b.290. R.C.et\\^.H.P.deT RMorganlith VTest.NewnnaJi imp Lepidozia reversa.. 225 A NEW HEPATIC. By Dr. B. Carrington and W. H. Pearson. (Plate 290.) Lepidozia reversa, n. sp. — Loosely creeping, pale olive to dull brown ; flagelliferous ; flagella postical, leafless, slightly radicellose ; rootlets sparing, delicate, hyaline. Stems -t-f in. long, rigid, brittle, 4-5 cells in diam., cortical cells 10, equal in size to the inner ones ; irregularly pinnate, branches lateral, distant, alternate, of various lengths. Leaves succiihous, obliquely inserted, patent-divergent (70°), roundish or obovate, palmate, 3-5-fid to about the middle, contracted at the base, segments lanceolate, acute, the outer ones narrower and shorter, 3-4 cells broad at the base, branch leaves approximate, trifid or bifid; leaf-cells thick-walled, 4-5 and 6-sided, chlorophyllose. Under- leaves much smaller, not so broad as the stem, free, subquadrate, divided to below the middle into 2-4 subulate segments of equal size, composed of 2-3 single cells. Inflorescence dioicous. Invo- lucre on short, postical branch (the only two seen were young and imperfect). Androecia on short, proper, postical branches (3-4 pairs of leaves) ; leaves broadly ovate, shallowly bifid ; antheridia single, oval. Measurements. — Stem, -075 to -125 mm. diam.; leaves, '3 x '3 mm., -275 x -275, -25 x -25, -35 x -25 mm.; segments of leaves, •175, -1, -15 mm. ; cells, -03 x -02, -025 x -025 mm.; under-leaves, •075 high X -1 mm. broad, -05 x -075 mm. ; segments of under- leaves, -035 mm. ; antheridia, '15 x -1 mm. 0))s. — Whether the present species is a Lepidozia, or the type of a new genus, it would be premature to decide ; there can be no doubt that it occupies an unique position among the Lepidozia, in which all the species at present known have leaves with either incubous or transverse insertions. In the present species they are undoubtedly succubous, thus confirming the opinion of Dr. Spruce that this character cannot be deemed of generic or tribal im- portance. Hab. — Growing on rotten wood and earth, intermingled with other species, Sandy Creek, near Beenleigh, Queensland, collected by Mr. C. A. Wild, May, 1887. In springs, Eobertson River, Queensland (Herb. Stephani). Description of Plate 290. — Fig. 1, Plants, nat. size ; 2, plant, antical view, X 24 ; 3, portion of branch, postical view, x 85 ; 4 — 7, leaves, x 85 ; 8, portion of leaf, X 290; 9, 10, 11, stem under leaves, x 85; 12— 15, branch under-leaves, X 85 ; 10, perigonial leaf, with antheridium, x 65. Journal of Botany.— Vol. 27. [Aug. 1889.] ON SOME BRITISH VIOLA FOEMS. By W. H. Beeby, A.L.S. The ill-defined position of Viola lactea Smith, var. intermedia Watson, which has been commented upon by various writers, was first made specially evident to myself on becoming acquainted with that form and typical V. lactea as natives of Surrey some six years ago. The wish to learn something more about this form led eventually to a series of observations on the plant, both in the wild state and under cultivation. At the same time various other forms have been studied and cultivated, and help has been derived from the excellent Fasciculus (I.) of ' Violse Sueciae Exsicc' issued by Neuman, Wahlstedt, and Murbeck (Lund, 1886), and by corre- spondence with some of the authors of the same. I have thought that it may be worth while to record the result of these observations; for although most of the forms mentioned are Surrey plants, they have also, for the most part, a wide range in Britain. The group now dealt with embraces Viola Fdviniana, silvestns (EeichenbacJiiana), canina, lactea, stagnina, and their hybrids; remarks on the odorato-liirta alliance are deferred for the present. Viola RmNiANA Reich. — This variable species is represented, m the above-mentioned Fasciculus, by two varieties (besides the typical), both of which are found in Britain. The var. villosa N. W. & M. is a form in which the peduncles, petioles, and stems are more or less pubescent ; scattered individuals occur occasionally growing with the type, with which it is connected by intermediates. — Surrey ! ; Bucks, G, Nicholson ! Yar. nemorosa N. W. & M. — This rather marked variety is a large -flowered, late-flowering woodland plant, with somewhat narrow petals and a coloured corolla- spur ; as remarked by the authors of the name, it shows some approach to V. silvestris ; but the spur is deeply notched at the apex, and the sepal appendages are con- spicuous. — Surrey!, where it seems to be confined to the Lower Greensand. It is quite a difierent plant from the large and round- flowered form of our chalk copses, which also occurs on the Lower Greensand. V. RiviNiANA X SILVESTRIS. — Tliis hybrid is recognised by the Swedish botanists, and although it is a form I have not had under cultivation, I do not hesitate to accept Herr Murbeck's determina- tions, which in various other critical cases have been confirmed by observations and experiments. — Surrey !, with the two parents. V. SILVESTRIS Reich. — I have not always found this plant and V. Piiviniana so easily separable as are V. canina and V. lactea, except when in ripe fruit ; but this is probably owing in some measure to the fact that less close attention has been given to them than to the two latter species. There are no varieties to record ; a form with pure white flowers occurs in Surrey. V. RiviNiANA X CANINA. — My Cultivated plant — now a large one — of this hybrid tends towards canina in general habit, the barren rosette being absent ; the leaves, however, are almost those of Fuviniana as to ON SOME BRITISH VIOLA FORMS. 227 form, but with the colour and texture of canina. Totally sterile in the wild state, it has remained so for two seasons in the Reigate garden. In the spring of the current year I noticed a fine capsule growing among the numerous sterile flowers ; when going to examine this capsule to see whether it contained seed, in the middle of June, it was at once seen, from the foliage, that the capsule was not borne by the hybrid, but by another plant which had grown up in the middle of it. In order to prove this beyond doubt, the two plants were dug up and carefully separated. The new plant was a young example of V. Fdviniayia ; in fact, a seedling, with the usual sterile rosette and two branches, each of which bore a single capsule. I mention this particularly, because it shows that the steriUty of the hybrid had no connection with its situation ; and also that the visits to it of fertilising insects were not wanting, as it is not conceivable that an insect should visit these two (the only) flowers borne by the Iliviniana plant, without visiting some of the numerous flowers of the hybrid which apparently proceeded from the same plant. — Surrey, several localities ! ; Sussex, E. ! ; Kent W., G. Nicholson \ V. CANINA Reich. — Apparently this plant should bear the name of V. Jiavicomis Smith, who separated it from the sylvatica aggregate ; but the examination of this point is incomplete. I am unable to separate -vars. Jiavicornis Sm. and ericetorum Reich., except in their extremes ; they seem to be states due to situation, and to pass into each other. The Jlavico mis is a plant of heaths and commons where the peat is close and compact, with a fine short growth of herbage. The var. flavicomis, No. 22 of the Fasciculus, from the habitat •'campus militibus exercentibus," is evidently from a locality such as that just described; it is called " f . simjjlex" ; but the numerous specimens are all of them pieces of plants ; if a plant be dug up, and the hard peat carefully picked out (not an easy task), several of these apparently simple pieces will be found to be united by their rootstock into a single plant, branching below the soil much in the usual way. The var. lucorum Reich. I know only by a specimen from Cambs., leg. A. Fryer, determined by Herr Murbeck. The appearance of this plant conveys to me the impression that it is a state due to situation, rather than a well-marked variety. The var. crcissifoUa Gronvall is a fine, thick, and somewhat fleshy-leaved large-flowered plant ; yet it, too, passes gradually into the usual fenland plant, which is itself a more robust form than that usually found in the southern counties. — Cambridgeshire, A. Fryer \ V. LACTEA X CANINA ( F. Idctea var. intermedia Wats.). — From studying this plant in its native habitat, and comparing the plants with V. lactea and V. canina, which grow with it, I early came to the conclusion that it was a hybrid between these two ; and this con- clusion has since been amply confirmed by many observations. This plant has somewhat the aspect of F. canina var. lucorum; indeed, that name has on one occasion been applied to it. Observing it to be seemingly sterile, attention was directed to that point in 1886 and 1887, the wild plants being examined at various different seasons ; but not a single capsule was found either as the result of q2 228 ON SOME BRITISH VIOLA FORMS. the ordinary, or of the later, micropetalous flowers. Twice, also, in one of those years, I examined a plant I had given to Mr. Arthu^ Bennett, and which has been growing in his garden since 1883, with the same result. I have also grown the plant at Reigate for several years. Not only is no seed produced, but among the many hundreds of flowers I have examined, I have not seen a single instance in which the capsule had begun to swell. That frequent concomitant of sterile hybrids — an abnormally-developed vegetative activity — is seen in this plant in a marked degree, as indeed it is in all those Viola hybrids I have had the opportunity of observing. One plant was a beautiful sight, producing somewhere about 100 stems, and forming literally a small bush, covered with pale blue blossoms. I took some 60 flowering steins from this plant, leaving some 30 or 40 remaining for the purpose of testing it as to sterility. This was, of course, a somewhat exceptional plant, growing in a favoured position ; but where the plant grows side by side with lactea in a less sheltered position, the same difference of habit is present, though less strongly marked. V. LACTEA Smith. — Mr. Archer Briggs (' Fl. Plymouth,' p. 41) is disposed to regard this as a variety of V. canina. If my statement as to the probable origin of the var. intermedia commends itself to that gentleman, I believe that he, and thosf^ who think with him on this point, will no longer find great difficulty in recognising the two as distinct species. There are several minor but constant characters which separate the two ; then, Y. lactea is not a Scandinavian plant ; and although V. canina is a variable species in that region, y«t none of its Scandinavian forms show any particular approach to V. lactea. V. CANINA X STAGNiNA. — 111 1885 Mr. Alfred Fryer sent me a handsome Viola from Key's Corner, Chatteris, Cambs., to which was appended the following note: — "Probably a new species to Britain." I identified this plant as being, to the best of my belief, V. stricta Koch Syn., and subsequently sent specimens to Dr. Nordstedt, who kindly passed them on to Herr Murbeck, with whom at that time I was not acquainted. The latter reported to the effect that the plant was the hybrid V. canina x starpiina, the F. stricta of Koch in part ; but that the latter probably included other hybrids of canina. In the Fasciculus the synonymy " V. stricta Wimm., Koch, &c.," is given; and it may be added that it is the V. stricta of Nyman Consp., at least in part, but not of Hornemann. Since that time I have, by Mr. Fryer's kindness, received many examples of the fenland plant, which is certainly identical with the Swedish, of which I also possess a good series. Specimens were sent to the Botanical Exchange Club, and were referred (see 1885 Report) to V. lactea by Prof. Babington. Mr. Fryer also informs me that it is the usual " lactea"' of the Fens. " The plant in question in reality bears but small resemblance to typical V. lactea, which has leaves truncate or even wedge-shaped at the base ; while in this hybrid, besides being of a different shape, they are more deeply cordate than in ordinary canina. The flowers and stipules are also very different. The leaves of the ''lactea var. intermedia'' do, NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 229 however, bear some resemblance to those of the fen plant, and it will be borne in mind that Prof. Babington does not separate typical V. lactea from the "var. intermedia.'' I have little doubt myself as to the hybrid origin of this plant ; Mr. Fryer believes that it is sterile, but feels some doubt as to its origin on grounds connected with the relative distribution of the three forms. In a paper on " Nagra Viola-hybriditeter for svenska Floran " (* Bot. Notiser,' 1884, p. 144), Dr. L. J. Wahlstedt writes concerning this plant to the following effect : — What most characterises its hybridity and displays its hybrid origin is the bad quality of the pollen, of which from 80 to 95 per cent, consists of small, empty and quite useless grains. The pistil appears also to be constantly sterile, whereas mature fruit is wanting. — It is interesting to find that a high vegetative activity is also a characteristic of this hybrid, for the following note is appended to the examples numbered 28 in the Fasciculus: — "All the specimens distributed were gathered from two tufts." — Hunts and Cambs., A. Fryer \ The plants grown at Eeigate are Viola Fdviniana, silcestris, canina, and lactea; V. Fdviniana X canina and V. lactea X canina. The four species seed freely in both the wild and cultivated state ; the two hybrids are not known by me to have produced a single seed. I hope to grow the other hybrids mentioned in this paper, and also to give later the results of investigations now in progress on the hirta and odorata section. Of those at present noted in Surrey, two forms are, I believe, hybrids V. odorata x hirta, tending respectively towards one or other parent ; one form is probably a distinct subspecies of odorata; and one or two others may be varieties of V. hirta. In V. Idrta and its allies the leaves are not developed at flowering time, and it is absolutely necessary for determination to collect also later specimens bearing full-grown leaves and ripe capsules. For the proper understanding of these forms it is as essential that they be collected at two different seasons as it is in Potamoyeton or in Salix. NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. By the Eev. E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S. The following remarks refer to a three weeks' stay in Scotland, from June 19th to July 12th of last year, with occasional references to plants observed in former years. Several interesting things were met with ; but, owing to the early date of my visit, the sedges were, in many cases too young for satisfactory determination. Hieracia were also to a large extent found in bud only ; but four or five forms were secured which may perhaps prove new to this country^ I may mention that three of these, from Argyleshire, are very near specimens in Dr. Lindeberg's Scandinavian 'Exsiccata' of H. ciesium var. alpestre, II. submiirorum, and H. saxifrayum var\ nemorosum, as far as appearance goes. But specimens have not 230 NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. yet been seen by tbat authority, and I hope to gather the plants in question again this season. A very enjoyable day was spent in walking from Dunkeld to Ballinluig with Dr. Buchanan White, who showed me several interesting Salices, besides other rarities. Some hours of very hot sunshine near Dalnaspidal proved rather un- productive. The next halting-place was Fort William ; one day being devoted to walking five miles up Glen Nevis, and working part of the northern corrie of Stob Ban ; another to an examination of the east flank of Ben Nevis ; and a third (which yielded little but a long cUmb) to searching the stream in Upper Glen Nevis, as far as " Steall " ; then turning northwards, ascending the ridge of Cam Dearg, and skirting the eastern side of Ben Nevis. Some good Hieracia of the alpiniim and nigrescens sections will be met with on the crags by a July visitor. Thence I moved to Kingshouse, Glencoe, a very wild spot, but apparently a good centre for field- work (the deer-forests, however, are strictly preserved). Three half-days here yielded some new records for the flora of Argyle. From Tyndrum, a short ascent of Beinn-dubh-chraige was made, and a little was also done on the north-east side of Am Binnein, the southern peak of Ben More, descending on the Luib side. The remainder of the time was spent at Clova, where inclement weather and the present difificulty of access to some of the best ground interfered a good deal with one's enjoyment. The vice- counties visited were Mid-Perth (88), Forfar (90), W. Inverness (97), and Argyle (98). Plants marked "^ are believed to be new to the vice-county mentioned ; those marked f do not seem to have been before recorded as British. I wish to apologise before- hand for any inadvertent claim to a record already anticipated ; in any case, there is some advantage in the confirmation thus furnished. As before, the greatest help has been given to me by Mr. Arthur Bennett. Mr. F. J. Hanbury has looked over the hawkweeds, and Dr. Buchanan White has seen several of the willow^s. Prof. Babington kindly examined and annotated a number of doubtful specimens. My thanks are also due to Prof. E. Hackel, Messrs. J. G. Baker, Beeby, C. B. Clarke, Druce, E. F. Linton, and the staff of the Botanical Department at S. Kensington. \Banunculus Flammula L., var. petiolaris Lange ined. Shore of Lochan Mathair Etive, near Kingshouse (98). This has also been sent to me (in fruit) from Sligachan, Skye, by the Rev. E. F. Linton. Dr. Lange gave the following description: — " Erecta, foliis inferioribus in petiolum longissimum anguste linearem reductis, superioribus linearibus vel e petiolo longo angustissime spathulatis, obtusis, integerrimis, floribus majoribus quam in typo, saliente luteis." I do not think that the blossoms are larger than common in Britain. The stems show a remarkable zigzag tendency; the root-leaves are mostly rather curved, and very brittle, somewhat resembling those of LittoreUa in appearance, when fresh. I sent home several roots, which have shown some slight tendency towards reversion to the type, but have kept much of their distinct habit under greatly altered conditions. At first I believed this plant to be a distinct species, and Dr. Lange also expressed some doubt in NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 281 referring it here ; but the fruit seems typical. Still, it is a very marked form, and quite constant in its native station. — R. auri- covius L. Ascends to fully 2000 ft. in Corrie Winter, Clova. No personal authority for 90. Caltha palustris L. On Clach Leathad, Kingshouse, I found the type ascending to 2500 ft., associated with var. 7ninor. "^Fumaria densijiora DC. Railway-bank near Ballinluig Station (89). Just inside E. Perth. Casual only. Arabis sagittata DC. The alpine state of this, about Clova {e. g. at the head of Glen Doll, and the Falls of the Unich), bears some superficial resemblance to A. ciliata, and is doubtless the plant recorded under that name by Gr. Don, as Watson suggests. Cardamine ^^ratensis L. A state with very large leaflets occurs near Dalnaspidal ; it did not fruit, and has produced double flowers in cultivation. — "^^Cfiexiiosa With. Near Fort Wilham (97). It ascends to 2000 ft. near Clova. Cochlearia granlandica L. (non Sm.). I believe that a plant gathered by me in fruit, high up on Ben Lawers, in 1887, is referable to this species. It has flowered well in the garden, both this year and last, and has not in the least lost its dwarf, compact, very distinct habit. The radical leaves are small, very numerous, on foot-stalks from ^-1 in. long, ascending, entire or with one or two obsolete teeth on either side ; flowers much the same as in aJjnna Wats. The seedlings are equally typical. I have before seen it somewhere suggested that C. arctica Schlecht. was the true name for this Ben Lawers form ; and that is apparently a synonym. Slugs are so fond of these plants that I have failed to get ripe fruit. The pouches in my herbarium specimens are longer than those of alpina, which appear to be subglobose. That plant has also a straggling habit, and is on a larger scale. — *C'. dcinica L. Summit of the Little Culrannoch (90). This appeared to me very different fi'om all ^'alpina'' that I had seen before, and Dr. Lange names it as above ; a determination assented to by Prof. Babington. It seems to be a biennial, plants sent home having died before the approach of winter ; whereas alpina survived, and is still quite vigorous. The appearance is decidedly towards danica ; and I suspect that the ''alpina'' of the Teesdale meadows, which seems to die after fruiting, would be equally so named by Dr. Lange. The occurrence of this species at such an altitude is not in itself at all improbable, though in Britain, at least, it has hitherto been regarded as exclusively a coast-plant. "^'Suhidaria aquatica L. In Lochan Mathair Etive (98) ; abundant. *Cerastium arcticum Lange. E. side of Ben Nevis (97), among loose stones, at over 2500 ft. Stellaria Holosiea L. Ascends to quite 2000 ft., near Clova. '^^Sagina Linncei Presl. Clach Leathad (98). "^Rosa mollis Sm. (fide Baker). Above Braedownie, at the entrance to Glen Doll (90) ; both white and pink-flowered. Saxifraga rividaris L. was already flowering upon Ben Nevis on June 23rd. — 8. sponhemica Gmel. This is certainly a very protean species. Mr. Baker remarked on a bright green, densely -tufted 232 NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. plant from Ben More (88), at fully 3000 ft., with shorter scapes, and broader, yellower petals than usual: — "Aform of sponhemica approachmg cce^pitosa, and not typical sponhemica,' *Mijrrhis odorata Scop. By the Nevis Water, about two miles above Fort William (97) ; a very doubtful native here. Matricaria inodora L. Prof. Babington writes of the Dunnet Links form: — "I do not consider this salina, but join it with Ruprecht's plant, phaocephala.'* Yet it does not closely resemble that from Durness, so named by Dr. Lange, having shorter peduncles, less showy heads, with narrower, more numerous ray- florets ; leaflets shorter, and quite twice as broad. Of the latter example Prof. Babington says: — "It is j^^^^ocephala (Rii^v. Symb. Fl. Ross. 42), which I have mistakenly called maritima. I have it from Orkney and Shetland, but poor specimens. It is the c. maritima of Lond. Cat." But as I write, there is lying before me a third specimen, collected on the sand-hills at Ackergill, near Wick, in 1886, with Messrs. Grant and Hanbury, which clearly cannot come under either salina or phaocephala, and is, I qaite believe, the true M. maritima L., its whole as^Dect being different from that of any M. inodora I ever saw. The rootstock is woody, apparently perennial, clothed at the crown with dead leaf-bases ; the stem branched only from above the middle, nearly naked below; the large, solitary heads borne on widely-spreading peduncles, from 8-4^ in. long. It appears to tally with Linne's description: — *' Receptaculis hemisph^ericis, foliis bipinnatis subcarnosis, supra couvexis, subtus carinatis," as well as with Nyman's comment : — '* Habitus proprius. Folior. segmenta divaricata, crassa, latiuscula" (Consp. p. 374). Having seen no type-specimens, I cannot, how- ever, feel more than a moral certainty upon this point. "^Hicraciiun melanocephaliim Tausch. Clach Leathad, near Kings- house (98). — H. eximium Backh. Clach Leathad (98). I am not certain whether type or b. tenellum. — H. calendidijioriim Backh. I am glad to be able to verify my last year's record of this from Stob Ban (97). A seedling from the same mountain has recently blossomed in the garden, and I also appear to have sent it thence to Mr. Hanbury. — '^H. liw/ulatum Backh. Clach Leathad (98), sparingly, with yellow styles, but otherwise quite typical. — H, argenteum Fr. Glen Nevis ("^^97), at 750 ft. ; streamlet on Clach Leathad (*98), at 1200 ft. Very frequent about Clova. — *//. o(j(jrc(iatiun Backh. Mr. Hanbury writes that two young plants sent from Stob Ban, Glen Nevis (97), and grown on, have proved to be this, quite typical; it is an interesting addition. — H. vuhjatum Fr. Glen Nevis (*97j. Kiugshouse (*98). — H. auratum Fr. By the Tay, between Dunkeld and Ballinluig (88). Glen Nevis ("^'97), plentifully. Near the Doll Shooting-lodge, Clova (^^90). This, apparently Backliouse's ^' rigidum,'' is clearly quite one of the commonest accipitrinc hawkweeds in Scotland. The plants reported by me last year from Lawcrs and Glen Nevis as ''H. Eiipatorium'* (cori/mhosw)i) have been placed here by Dr. Lindeberg, as well as one from the shore of Loch Awe (98), very near Mr. Druce's Kilchurn Castle station. NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 288 Taraxacum officinale Web., d. udum (Jord.). Streamlet descending from Am Binnein (88), at 2000 ft. Glen Fiagh (90), as well as var. paliistre. Campanula rotunclifolia L., b. lancifolia Koch. The plant from Meall Garbh, Lawers, mentioned in last year's paper, has since been sent to Prof. Babington, who remarks: — "This is probably the arctica of Fl. Dan. 2711." Primula vulgaris Huds. I found a plant in flower upon Ben Nevis, at nearly 2000 ft., on June 23rd. Veronica serpyllifolia L., b. humifusa (Dicks.). This appears to be a common, but early-blooming form. I met with it in profusion on most of the mountains visited, and it occurs on Am Binnein with pure white flowers. Melamp)yrur}i 2)ratense L., d. montanum Johnst. This seems to be the usual state of the plant, above 1600 ft. I met with it on Ben Nevis, Clach Leathad, and several of the Clova hills. It is markedly hispid, and has the corolla-lips open, not closed, as in the type ; the flowers are often beautifully streaked with rose-red. A form from Loch "Wharrul, differing only by its closed corolla-lips, is placed by Mr. Druce between this and the type. Fihinanthus minor Ehrh. A curious state occurs on the stony path in Glen Doll, with flowers of a dull treacly brown. Utricularia Bremii Heer ? In 1887 I met with a bladderwort in Lochan Feoir, Assynt (108 W. Sutherland), which deserves further examination. It differs from minor in being stouter, stiffer, brighter green, and with larger bladders. U. jieghcta was suggested by a friend, but he has since withdrawn this, and considers that it cannot be referred to any of our recognised species, except Bremii. Any botanist visiting Inchnadamph would do well to further investigate this striking form. I could find no trace of flowers, but my visit was late (Sept. 14th). \Pinguicula vulgaris L., var. bicolor Nordst. E. side of Ben Nevis, at about 1800-2000 ft., in a small heathy bog. The description in Hartm. Handb. Skand. Flora, ed. 1870, i. 70, is : — " Kronan violett med hvit lapp"; and the localities there given are: — " Lulea & Lappmark ; Stenbacken mell. Jokmokk och Pajarim. Linn. FL Lapp. Westergothland : Sandhem ... 0. Nordst." [I do not possess this work, and cannot quite decipher the extract kindly sent me by a friend.] Linne, I. c, says : — '' Var. speciosam hujus speciei corolla violacea, labiis albis, observavimus in deserto Lulensi ..." I have not seen specimens ; but these plants dry so indifferently that they would probably be of little use, unless fresh. In my specimens the throat and spur were deep violet-blue ; , the lips white, or vcrg faintly tinged with lilac ; the corolla being much flattened horizontally and not gaping, as in the typical form. Apparently it was scarce, and restricted to a small area ; but, as the discovery was made at about 10 p.m., I had little chance of making a prolonged search. The white hue is lost in drying, though the contrast in depth of colouricg remains well marked. Scleranthus annuus L., b. biennis (Pieut.) was plentiful in a sandy field between the river and the railway, a mile or two above Dunkeld. 234 NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. Betula odorata Beclist. {glutinosa Fr.), var. parvifoUa (Wimm.) Kegel. So Dr. Lange names specimens from Stob Ban (97), Clach Leathad ("98), and the stream descending from Ben More towards Luib ('''88). All these agree well in leaf-characters with Keichen- bach's figm'e of sudetica, which is a synonym; the leaves are strongly cuneate below. They differ widely in appearance from the Loch Hope plant which Dr. Lange determined to be this, "going off in the direction of B. aljiestris.'' But the last-named seems to Prof. Babington rather a form of B. intermedia, of which, un- fortunately, I have seen no very satisfactory specimens. It certainly looks much nearer to Reichenbach's figure of intermedia than of sudetica, and approaches closely to the Glen Callater tree found by Mr. Hanbury and myself in 1886. I carefully compared them both with the plate, and do not see why the name should not stand. Prof. Babington is one of the few British botanists who have seen B. intermedia growing in quantity. He also refers to it a specimen from the N.E. slope of Stob Ban (97), w^ith more elongate leaves, deeply and rather distantly serrate-toothed. — f Var. car- pathica (Wald. & Kit.) Kegel. Streamlet in Glen Nevis (97); stream on the Luib side of Ben More (88) ; ledges on the S. side of Glen Fiagh (90). Also determined by Dr. Lange, and seeming to correspond with Reichenbach's figure. The leaves are mostly broad-based, not cuneate below, shining on their upper surface ; buds resinous ; bark nearly black ; branches tortuous, whereas those of var. ]jarvifolia are straight. I was too early to get mature catkins. Probably both these forms will prove to be common enough. The study of our birches has hitherto been much neg- lected, owing to the difficulty of getting them properly determined. — *i>. nana L. Moorland by Lochan Mathair Etive, Kingshouse (98), at a height of only 970 ft. above sea-level. Salix aiirita L., b. minor Sonder. Stream descending from the E. side of Ben More, above 2000 ft. : associated with a beautiful dwarf form of S. pJujlicifolia, probably var. Davalliana. — S. Lap- p)onwn L. Streamlet on Clach Leathad (98). In the ' Student's Flora' it is mentioned as growing in Argyle, but that is not one of the counties enumerated for it by Watson. — b. Stuartiana (Sm.) appears to be little less common around Clova than the more general form arenaria. — -S'. cinerea-repens Wimm. Dr. Buchanan White thus names a willow from the coast at Melvich, W. Suther- land, found in 1886 by Mr. Hanbury and myself, and referred at the time to a very large-leaved state of repens. — S. Myrsinites x nigncans is another identification of his. I believe the locality to have been Corrie Ceannder, S. Aberdeen ; but the specimens have not yet returned to me. Mr. Arthur Bennett had suggested this name for a plant from thence, some time back. — iS. herhacea x Lapponum. Cliffs of Glen Fiagh (90). This conclusion was arrived at independently both by Dr. White and myself. I have just learnt from the Rev. E. F. Linton that he and his brother had twice pre- viously gathered, in a neighbouring corrie, what appeared to them to be the above hybrid, though it had never been positively ascer- tained, owing to insufiicient material. I believe that I saw several NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 235 small barren plants, but only one with capsules. The specimens are not now by me, but no doubt they will be described by Dr. White in the review of the British Salices which he has in hand. Though not given in Nyman, he tells me that this plant is in the last Copenhagen list. I may mention that I have two other small plants now growing in my garden, from the same station, which look like hybrids ; one, perhaps both, showing reticulata parentage. I hope in course of time to get these determined. Pinus sylvestris L. This is certainly native in the upper part of Glen Nevis (97), and apparently so about Inveroran (98). A single specimen also grows on an islet in Lochan Mathair Etive, near Kmgshouse : it seems to be a relic of the vast forest which once clothed this part of Rannoch Muir. Jamais hifjlumis L. In abundance on the N.E. side of Beinn- dubh-chraige, near Tyndrum (88), at about 3000 ft. Eriophonim angustifolium Both, b. elatius Koch. Moor near Kingshouse. — c. minus Koch. Stob Ban (97) ; Glen Fiagh (90). This is exactly the plant figured in Eng. Bot. as ''E. [/racile." I gathered a single specimen of this species near Kingshouse with somewhat asperous peduncles ; a similar state has been found in Surrey by Mr. Beeby. Carex pidicaris L. Ascends to nearly 3000 ft. on Beinn-dubh- chraige (88). — C. echinata Murr., *b. Grypus (Schk.). Streamlet on Clach Leathad (98). Determined by Mr. Bennett, and the character is apparently correct; but plants which flowered in the garden turned into typical echinata ! [Obs. — Very immature specimens of a Carex growing between the summit of the Little Culrannoch and the head of Glen Caness, which appeared to me different from C, curia var. alpicola, have a decided look of C. lielvola Blytt, which I have seen from Norway and from Lochnagar (herb. Boswell). I think it better to call attention to the possible occurrence of this species in a new station.] — '^C. curta Good. Glen Nevis (97). — C. stricta Good. The Assynt plant which Dr. Lange placed here is named by Prof. C. Haussknecht "(7. vulgaris Fr., \d.i. juncella, forma melceiia." Prof. Babington also considered it a form of that species. — C. rigida Good. Specimens coming very near the Little Culrannoch var. iyiferalpina were collected above the head of Glen Fiagh and on the E. side of the Green Hill, near Clova. It is often extremely difficult to tell whether living plants belong to this species or to the alpine states of Goodenovii. — "C. aquatilis Wahl. Great bog on the E. side of Ben More and Am Binnein (88). — C. glauca Murr. A form was met with in Glen Fiagh, which is probably c. stictocarpa (Sm.). Don's original station is likely to have been in this neighbourhood. — *C. limosa L. {eu-limosa). Near Lochan Mathair Etive (98), in profusion. — C. pracox Jacq. At 2000 ft., in Glen "Winter, Clova. — C. vaginata Tausch. W. side of the Athole Sow; Am Binnein (88); Stob Ban (''=97). Very abun- dant on Clach Leathad (98). — f C. intermedia Miegeville. Moorland a little E. of Bridge of Nevis (97), about a mile from Fort William, and perhaps 100 ft. above sea-level. Dr. Lange, to whom this was sent for identification, thought it to be C. vaginata; from which, 286 NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. however, it differed at a glance, when fresh, being glaucous (which seems never to be the case with that species). Mr. C. B. Clarke then kindly looked at specimens, and agreed that they could not come under vaginata ; adding, "For me, your plant will be a ♦ subalpine' or ' cold' form of C. panicea. In this herbarium I find one plant exceedingly like yours (from the Pyrenees), issued as the type-specimen of * C. intermedia Miegeville.' I also find plants near yours marked C. sparsjflora Walil. I do not know that these plants are rightly named 0. sparsi flora : but all these forms are, in Kew, included in the C. panicea bundle." C. sparsi flora is described as green, not glaucous, and is generally taken to be a synonym of vaginata. Nyman places C. intermedia Miegev. under vidgaris, which is obviously an error. A root that I sent home has, this season, produced two flowering stems ; they have been sent in the fresh state to Mr. Bennett, who writes : — " I have now no doubt it is the C. intermedia of Miegeville." I found it in good quantity, over a limited area, associated with C. panicea, from which it looks specifically different, being of a more /u-iVZ-glaucous tint, and a perfectly distinct habit, fully maintained, so far, in cultivation. I have not yet had access to the author's description. In height my specimens vary from 4 to 8 in. The male spikelet is rufous, on peduncles ^-^ in. long ; female 1 or (more rarely) 2, the lower peduncled. Fruit (scarcely matured) globose, half the size of that of panicea ; glumes not so dark. The following remark of Prof. Babington is very suggestive : — "It is not unlike ih.e plmost achy a (Sm.), as figured in Eug. Bot. Suppl. 2731, which we now put to vaginata.'" Is it not exceedingly probable that Smith really knew the present plant, and rightly distinguished it from his C. Mielicho- feri = vaginata Tausch. ? — C. flava L. Two specimens collected beside the White Water in Glen Doll have very tumid fruit, and appear to be the same as a form which Mr. Druce has suggested might be a hybrid with 2^idla. — *(7. vesica ria L. Glen Nevis (97). — C. pidla Good. Very luxuriant in the bog on the E. side of Ben More (88) ; sometimes having four female spikelets. One or two specimens show a decided tendency towards vesicaria. Deschampsia caspitosa Beauv., b. hrevifulia Parn. From Prof. E. Hackel I learn that this is, as I suspected, a synonym of var. alpina Gaud., which, however, he extends to forms that would hardly be included under hrevifolia by British botanists. — D. flexuosa Trim., b. montana (Huds.). Clach Leathad {Q8) ; Unich Water, above Glen Lee (90). Festuca ovina L., b. capillata Hack. Turfy wall-tops, Glen Nevis. Eqidsetwn pratense Ehrh. A decumbeut, small state, analogous to the var. alpinum of E. arvcnse, is abundant on moist screes in Glen Fiagh. Lycopodium alpinum L., var. decipiens Syme. Stob Ban, Glen Nevis (97) ; Clach Leathad (98). This form is identical with a specimen once sent to me by Mr. Druce as coniplanatum, but looks distinct from a plant met with by Mr. Hanbury and myself in Glen Derry, S. Aberdeen, which may be the right thing. 287 CATALOGUE OF THE MAEINE ALG^ OF THE WEST INDIAN EEGION. By Geokge Murkay, F.L.S. (Continued from vol. xxvi., p. 363). ni.— CHLOROPHYCE^. Siphoned. Bryopsis ramulosa Mont. Barbadoes, Dickie ! Cuba,7i. de Ja Sagral Danish West Indian Islands, Hohenack ! No. 421. Geogr. Distr. Brazil, Africa (He de Goree). B. Balbisiana Zan. Guadeloupe, Maze\ Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean and warm coasts of Europe. B. Harveyana J. kg. = B. PLUMOSA var. secunda Harv. Florida, Harvey. B. PENNATA Lam. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Brazil, Ceylon. B. PLUMOSA Huds. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, Dickie ! Gua- deloupe, Maze ! Cuba, Wright. Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Bermuda, Kern}-), Piein. Var. RAMULOSA Harv. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Var. DENSA Harv. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Atlantic (North and South j, Cape of Good Hope, Australia. B. THUYOiDES Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! B. FOLiosA Sond. ? Guadeloupe, Duchassaing [fide Agardh). Geogr. Distr. Australia. B. HYPNOiDES Lam. Florida, Harvey. Bermuda, Kemj). Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean, and warm shores of Europe. B. ARBUscuLA Lam, Danish West Indian Islands, Hohenack ! No. 420. B. DucHASsAiNGii J. kg. Guadeloupe, Maze ! B. PENNULATA Liobm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! B. Leprieurii Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Derbesia tenuissima J. kg. = D. MARINA Sol. Gxcl. sjn. Bermuda, Rein. Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. D. vaucheri^formis J. kg. Florida, Harvey \ Melvill7 Bermuda, ♦ Challenger' ! Geogr. Distr. United States (Atlantic). Codium adherens kg. Guadeloupe, Maze I Bermuda, Kemp, ' Challenger ' ! omitted from list. Var. arabicum Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Red Sea and Indian Ocean, Pacific, Australia. C. Bursa kg. Bermuda, Kemp. Geogr. Distr. Atlantic (Britain to Spain), Mediterranean. C. TOMENTOSUM kg. Grenada, Murray \ Barbadoes, Dickiel Gua- deloupe, Maze I Cuba, Wright. Florida, Harvey ! Bermuda, Kemp, lieiyi, ' Challenger' ! 238 CATALOGUE OF MARINE AIjQM OF WEST INDIAN REGION. Geogr, Dlstr. General. It should be stated that Agardh (Till. Alg. Syst. viii. p. 40) differs from Harvey and others in regarding specimens from Australia and California as distinct from our C. tonmitosum. He limits its distribution to the Atlantic from Britain to the Cape, and to the Mediterranean — so far as is known. C. TENUE Kiitz., var. repens Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Cape of Good Hope, Australia, Indian Ocean, Ked Sea. C. LiNEARE Ag. Guadeloupe, Duchassaing. Cuba, Liebman. Geogr. Distr. Warm Atlantic, Australia. [Maze et Schramm ('Algues de la Guadeloupe,' p. 108) cite C. abbreviatiim Ag. In the almost complete set of their Algae in the British Museum there is unfortunately no specimen under this name. J. G. Agardh (Till. Alg. Syst. viii. p._ 48) remarks that he does not know of any C. ahhreviatum described either by Agardh or by anyone else. I have searched for the origin of the name in vain. It appears to have arisen by "spontaneous generation."] AvRAiNviLLEA NIGRICANS Deciic. Barbadoes, Dickie ! (Bldpilia Raw- soni Dickie). lies des Saintes (Guadeloupe), Avrainvillel Guadeloupe, Maze ! Bermuda, Farlow ! [fide Bornet in lit,), Santa Cruz {Jide Bornet in lit.). Geogr. Distr. Brazil. A. LONGicAULis G. Murr. et Bood. Antilles, Sonder. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! St. Thomas, ' Challenger ' ! Bermuda, ' Challenger,' Farlow [Jide Bornet in lit.). A. soRDiDACrn. (excl. syn.). Grenada, Mwrra?/ ! Guadeloupe, il/a^e ! lies des Saintes (Guadeloupe), Thiebault (fide Bornet in lit.). A. Mazei G. Murr. et I3ood. Guadeloupe, Maze\ Marie Galante (Guadeloupe), Mazel Penicillus dumetosus Decne. Guadeloupe, Maze ! St. Thomas, * Challenger ' ! Florida, Harvey I Melvill. Bermuda, ' Chal- lenger ' ! P. cAPiTATUs Lam. Grenada. Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, Wright. Jamaica, Sloane ! Florida, Harvey ! Melvill ! Hooiierl (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 43). Ber- muda, Piein, * Challenger ' ! omitted from list. P. ELONGATus Dccnc. Guadeloupe, Maze ! P. Lamourouxii Decne. Guadeloupe, Maze ! P. cLAVATus Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Ehipocephalus ph(enix Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, Wright, Florida, Harvey. Var. ELATioR Crn. Guadeloupe, MazcA Udotea conglutinata Lam. Grenada, Murray \ Guadeloupe, Mazel St. Thomas, * Challenger' ! Cuba, Wright. Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Bermuda, Rein, ' Challenger.' U. flabellata Lam. West Indies, Fleming ! (Hb. Mus. Brit.) Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, Wright, St. Thomas, ' Challenger ' ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Ber- muda, ReiHf ' Challenger ' ! omitted from list. CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG^ OF WEST INDIAN REGION. 239 U. cYATHiFORMis Decne. St. Thomas, * Challenger ' ! U. Halimeda Kiitz. St. Thomas, ' Challenger ' ! Geogr. Distr. Brazil. U. tomentosa nob. = Ehipilia tomentosa Kiitz. Antilles, Sonder ! U. ? luteofusca nob. = Flabellaria luteofusca Crn. Guade- loupe, Maze ! This very obscure form appears to me to be an imperfect state of an Udotea. Agardh, who had not seen a specimen {loc. cit. p. 76), says, "An potius AvrainviUecB. forma?" It is certainly not an Avrainvillea, though it outwardly resembles one. [Agardh {loc. cit. p. 74) records Udotea Desfontainii Lam., from Guadeloupe {Maze) on the ground of his placing Flabellaria Jimhriata Chauv. in Maze et Schramm Alg. Guad. p. 89> under that species. But Mr. Boodle and I have founded our Avrainvillea Mazei on No. 65 of their Algse — which bears the name of Flahellaria fimhriata. There has probably been a mistake in distributing the specimens.] Halimeda tuna Lam. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guadeloupe, illrt^^ ! ^\oiidi2i, Harvey \ Melvill^ Hooper \ (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 41). Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. H. brevicaulis Kiitz. Bahama {fide Kutzing). Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean. H. opuntia Lam. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, Dickie ! Gua- deloupe, Maze ! Sisal, Schott ! Cuba, Wright. Jamaica, Sloane ! St. Thomas, Mertens ! * Challenger ' ! Danish West Indian Islands, Hohe^iack ! No. 414. Tortola, Cleve ! (in Wittr. et Nordst. Alg. Exsicc. No. 148). Florida, Harvey ! Melvill ! Hooper ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 40). Bermuda, Rein. Geogr. Distr. In all w^arm seas. H. incrassata Lam. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Diichassai7ig, Maze ! St. Thomas, * Challenger ' 1 Florida, Harvey ! Mel- vill ! Bermuda, Piein. Geogr. Distr. Austraha and Pacific. H. tridens Lam. Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, Wright. St. Thomas, ' Challenger ' ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill. H. cYLiNDRACEA Decne. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Madagascar. H. MONiLE Lam. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Florida, Harvey. Bermuda, * Challenger ' I omitted from list. Valonia ventricosa J. Ag. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Du- chassaing, Mazel (sub nomine V. oralis Ag.). Santa Cruz, Oersted. Bermuda, Mrs. Whelpdale (in Herb. Mus. Brit.). V. utricularis Ag. Guadeloupe, Maze ! (sub nomine F. syphunculus Bertol.). Bermuda {{fide J. G. Agardh), Farlow ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 171). Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. [I have very little doubt that the Bermuda form collected by Prof. Farlow is Valonia ventricosa J. Ag.] V. iEGAGROPHiLA Ag. Cuba, Wright. Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, Pacific. 240 CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG^ OF WEST INDIAN REGION. V. VERTiciLLATA Klitz. BarbadoGS, Didde I Guadeloupe, Maze ! Santa Cruz [fide J. G. Agardh). V. coNFERvoiDES Hai'v. Bermuda, Farlow. Geocjr. Distr. Indian Ocean, Pacific. V. c^spiTULA Zanard. Guadeloupe, Maze ! V. coNFERVACEA Zauai'd. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geofjr. Distr. Mediterranean. V. C^SPITOSA Crn. Guadeloupe, Mazel V. TENUIS Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! V. suBVERTiciLLATA Cm. Guadcloupe, ]\[aze ! AscoTHAiMNioN iNTRicATUM Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Duchassaing, Maze I Florida, Farlow. Bermuda, Eein, Farlow. Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean and neighbouring Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Australia, Pacific. Trichosolen Antillarum Mont. Guadeloupe, Maze ! SiPHONocLADus TROPICUS J. Ag. (= Apjohnia TROPICA Cm.). Bar- badoes, Hh. Gray. Guadeloupe, Duchassaing, Maze ! Florida, Mrs. Curtiss. Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean. Struvea ramosa Dickie. Bermuda, ' Challenger ' ! Geogr. Distr. Canary Islands. S. pulcherrima G. Murr. et Bood. (olim Phyllodictyon). Gulf of Mexico, Menzies ! The specimen recorded from Barbadoes by Dickie is a minute fragment of a green alga, which is certainly not S. jndcherrima. S. DELicATULA Kiitz. Guadcloupe, Maze ! Var. Caracasana Grunow. Caracas, Gollma ! Geogr. Distr. New Caledonia, Western Australia, and Ceylon. Cham^doris annulata Mont. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, DicJcie ! Guadeloupe, Mazel Martinique, Diqm'rey, Florida, Harvey , Melvill. Geogr. Distr. Brazil, Indian Ocean. Dictyosph^ria FAvuLosA Decne. Barbadoes, D/cA;j^! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Santa Cruz (fide J. G. Agardh). Cuba, Wright, St. Thomas, • Challenger ' ! Florida, Harvey ! Melvill ! Ber- muda [fide J. G. Agardh). Geogr. Distr. Bed Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia, Pacific. D. VALONioiDES Zauard. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. Anadyomene stellata Ag. West Indies, Hb. Landsborongh ! (in Glasg. Univ.). Barbadoes, Dickiel omitted from list; Hb. Brodie ! (in Glasg. Univ.). Guadeloupe, Duchassaing, Maze ! Santa Cruz, Oersted. Cuba, it. de la Sagra. St. Thomas, ' Challenger ' ! Florida, Harvey I Melvill. Bermuda, Kemp, Eein, ' Challenger ' ! Farlow ! (in Farlow, Anderson & Eaton, No. 172). Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean, Brazil. A. Menziesii Harv. = Grayemma Menziesii Gray. Gulf of Mexico, Menziesl (in Herb. Mus. Brit.). Caulerpa fastigiata Mont. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, R. de' la Sagra ! CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG.E OF WEST INDIAN REGION. 241 Var. coNFERVOiDEs Crn. Guacleloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Brazil, Friendly Islands. C. pusiLLA Mart, efc Hering. Guadeloupe, Maze I C. VERTiciLLATA J. Ag. Gulf of Mexico, Liehman. West Indies, Duchassaing, Oersted {fide J. G, Agardh), Geogr. Distr. Friendly Islands. C. Webbiana Mont. Guadeloupe, ]\laze ! Geogr. Distr. Canary Islands, Pacific. C. PROLLFERA Lam. Guadeloupe, il/rt^6' ! Progreso, S'cAo^i ! Cuba, Wright."^' Florida, Harvey, Melvill. Bermuda, Kemp, Ilein. Var. FiRMA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Warm Atlantic and Mediterranean. C. CRAssiFOLiA Ag., var. Mexicana, Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, M^right. Mexico, Binder. St. Thomas, ^ Challenger' \ Florida, Harveg, MeJ villi Bermuda, Fwin, ^ Challenger ' \ Far low ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 170). Geogr. Distr. Brazil. C. taxifolia Ag. Grenada, iV?(r;Y/y ! Bavhadoes, DicJdel Guade- loupe, lilaze ! Jamaica, Chittg ! Santa Cruz, Miss Dix ! West Indies, Hh. Wallroth ! Geogr. Distr. Pacific, Australia, Indian Ocean. C. PECTiNATA Kiitz. La Guayra {fide Kutzing). Guadeloupe, Mazel C. PLUMARis Ag. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guade- loupe, Maze ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Bermuda, Kemp, Reiii, Eh. Glasq. Univ. ! Farlow ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 169). Var. ELEGANS. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Tropical seas. C. AsHMEADii Harv. Yucatan, Schott \ St. Thomas, * Challenger ' ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Hooper ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 36. C. Freycixetii Ag. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Pied Sea and Indian Ocean, Pacific, Australia. C. ERiciFOLiA Ag. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Martinique, Hh. Brongniart\ (in Glasg. Univ. Herb.). Florida, Farlow ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 96). C. cupREssoiDES Ag. Guadcloupe, Maze ! Jamaica, Chitty ! St. Thomas, ♦ Challenger ' ! Hh. Wallroth ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Var. alternifolia Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. distichophylla Sond. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Western Australia. C. SELAGO Ag. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, DicJde ! (omitted from his list). Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Red Sea. C. Lycopodium J. Ag. Martinique, Duperrey. Geogr. Distr. Brazil. • Prof. Farlow, in his paper on Cuban Sea-weeds ('American Naturalist,' vol. v., p. 201), leaves it in some uncertainty which species of CauJerpa and of Udotea are mentioned as having been collected by Mr. Charles Wright— and which are cited for the purpose of illustrating their structure. Journal of Botany.— Vol. 27. [Aug. 1889.] R 242 THE SYNONYMY OF POTAMOGETON RUFESCENS SCHRAD. C. LANUGINOSA J. Ag. = C. Lycopodium Harv. Florida, Harvey Melvill ! Hooper ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 37). C. PASPALOiDES Grev. Florida, Harveij, Hooper ! (in Farlow, Ander- son and Eaton, No. 38). Geogr. Distr. Brazil, Pacific (Valparaiso). C. CYLINDRACEA Sond. ? Bai'badoes, Dickie ! Geogr. Distr. Australia, Indian Ocean. C. CLAYIFERA Ag. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, Dickie ! Gua- deloupe, Maze ! Cuba, Wright. St. Thomas, Hb. Waltrothl Hohenack ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill, Hooper ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 39). Bermuda, Rein, ' Challenger' I Var. coNDENSATA Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Var. uviFERA Ag. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Tropical seas. C. Chemnitzia J. Ag., var. occident.alis. Gulf of Mexico {Jide J. G. Aganlh). Geogr. Distr. Brazil. The typical form of this species occurs in the Eed Sea and Indian Ocean. C. SEDoiDEs Ag. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Australia and Pacific. C. TRIANGULARIS Cm. Guadeloupo, Maze I C. iNDicA Sond. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean. Dasycladus clav^formis Ag. Cuba, Wright. Florida, Farlow. Geogr. Distr. Madeira and Canaries, Mediterranean. Botryophora occidentalis J. Ag. = Dasycladus occidentalis Harv. and D. Conquerantii Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Florida, Har- vey, Melvill ! Hooper ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 97). Santa Cruz, Oersted. Bahama, Sivainson. Bermuda, Rein. Cymopolia barbata Lam. Jamaica, Sloane ! Hb. Mas. Brit. ! (no collector's name). San Domingo and Cuba {^/ide J. G. AgardJi). YloYidiSi, Harvey \ Melvill. Bermuda, lit^w. Geogr. Distr. Canary Islands and Cadiz. C. mexicana J. Ag. Vera Cruz, Liehuan. Neomeris dumetosa Lam. West Indies, Richard. Cuba, Wright. Geogr. Distr. Pacific. Acetabularia caraibica Kiitz. West Indies (Jide Kiltzing). Geogr. Distr. Pacific (Friendly Islands). A. crenulata Lam. Guadeloupe, Dachassaing, Maze ! Cuba, Wright. Florida, Harvey, Melvill, Hooper ! (in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, No. 42). Bermuda, Kemp, Rein. A. POLYPHYsoiDEs Cm. Guadcloupo, Maze ! (To be coiitiaued.) THE SYNONYMY of POTAMOGETON RUFESCENS Schrad. By Arthur Bennett, F.L.S. In this Journal for 1887, p. 373, I made a few remarks on the names given to the above species ; the dates there given were erroneous for some of the names, from my trusting to memory THE SYNONYMY OF POTAMOGETON KUFESCENS SCHRAD. 243 when writing. Since that time I have seen or consulted a good many specimens and authorities, with a view to the discovery of the earhest name given to the plant in one or other of its forms. Mainly by the kindness of Prof. Caruel, of Florence, I am enabled to say that, as far as one can judge at present, the earliest name is P. alpinus Balbis in ' Miscellanea Botanica,' j). 13 (1804) : * P. annulatus Bellardi was undoubtedly published in the same year, but later. P. alpinus occurs at p. 329 of the 7th volume of the 'Memoires de I'Academie de Turin'; the P. annulatus Bellardi, at p. 447, Balbis, in an autograph letter accompanying a presentation copy of his Misc. Bot. to the Florence Museum, speaks of his ' Memoire ' as just published. In the note before referred to, I mentioned that Seidls' MS. name (piirpurascens, 1812) was published by Fieber in 1838, but Presl had already done so in his Fl. Cechica, p. 37 (1819). Many authors quote Koth's "P. serratus'' (Fl. Germ. (1788-1800) i. 73, and ii. 205) for rufosccns, but Roth refers to the Fl. Danica plate, t. 195, as his plant, and that plate certainly represents P. lucens L. (agg.). . -,. , .1 P. serratum L. Sp. PI. ed. 1 (1753), p. 126, is, accordmg to the specimen in his herbarium, simply a curious form of P. crispus L. ! Nolte gives P. serratus L. Sp. PI. as Zizii in Hansen's Herb. Schl. Hoi. No. 1114 (Herb. Mus. Brit. !), but this must have been a mere supposition, as Linnseus's description most clearly applies to the specimen in his herbarium, and that is crispus ! but a most extraordinary and abnormal form. In Sir J. E. Smith's herbarium at the Linnean Society are two sheets (Nos. 13 and 14) of specimens of rufescens from " Herb. Davall, 1802," named by Du Croz '' lanceolatum. H. 847?"; Smith has added, " a bad name." Du Croz does not seem to have pubhshed this name before, or after 1804. The following list is a contribution to the names placed by me under rufescens as an aggregate species : — Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Misc. Bot. p. 13 (1804). P. annulatus Bellardi, Mem. Acad. Turin, p. 447 (1804). P. obscurus DC. Fl. France, Supp. 5, p. 311 (1805). P.fluitans (Schum.) Horn. Fl. Danica, t. 1450 (1813). P. semipellucidus Koch et Ziz. Cat. PI. Pal. p. 18 (1814). ? P. spathulatus Schrad. in Koch et Ziz. l. c. P. rufescens Schrad. ap. Cham. Ad. FL Berol. p. 5 (1815). P. jnirpurascens Seidl ap. Presl, Fl. Cechica, p. 37 (1819). P. lucens V. aiif/ustifolius Horn. Fl. Dan. t. 1G35 (1819). P. nervegerus Wolf! ap. R. et S. Mant. 3, p. 359 (1827). P. microstachys Wolf, ap Pt. et S. I. c. P.fluitans Smith, Eng. Fl. 1, p. 231 (1828). P. obtusiis Du Croz, ap. Gaud. Fl. Helv. 1, p. 468 (1828). [* Mr. Druce has already called attention to the claims of this name to priority. See Journ. Bot. 18«7, p. 835.— Ed. Joukn. Bot.] R 2 244 ORCHIS LATIFOLIO-MACULATA TO\YNS. (?) IN DEVON. ? P. ohlongo-rufescens {spathulatus) Schultz, Fl. No. 15 (1849). ; p. Kochii F. Sclmltz [spathulatus), Arch. Fl. Fr. et All. 72 (1842-54). P. lucens V. rufescem Benth. Hand. Brit. Fl. ed. 1, p. 493 (1858). ? P. alpino-natans [spathulatus) Schultz m Jah. d. Poll. p. 229 (1863). P. ohtusuH ^Yood, sec. A. Gray, Man. N. U. S. p. 486 (1868). P. lanccolatus Hook, ex pte. et Du Croz m Herb. Smith ! et Nolte ! P. rctusum Smith MSS. Herb. Mus. Brit. ! P. lucens Lagasca ex sp. Herb. Kew. ! I shall be grateful for any additions to this list. ORCHIS LATIFOLIO-MACULATA Towns. (?) IN DEVON. By T. K. Aecher Briggs, F.L.S. In Mr. Townsend's 'Flora of Hampshire' (p. 341), a hybrid Orchis is mentioned as between 0. latifulia Li. and 0. maculata L., appearing therein under the designation of 0. latij'olio-maculata. From observations I have recently been making in my own neigh- bourhood I am led to suspect that hybrids between these two species are rather freely i3roduced when they grow together. In a meadow here, at Fursdon, both occur, together with a third plant with intermediate features, and separable from each of them. In pasture land on a neighbouring estate, Derriford, the two again occur, and there is this third plant also, though, as at Fursdon, in lesser numbers than are the other two. On the other hand, I have failed to find it in places where either 0. latij'olia or 0. maculata grows alone. On examining two fine specimens of the doubtful plant gathered on Derriford, I find that they differ from latifolia in having the label much larger and broader, with three lobes of nearly equal length, the middle one not being conspicuously the longest, in having the spur considerably longer and narrower, and less abruptly pointed. From 0. maculata they differ in having the lower bracts Ijroader and longer, their points exceeding in length the lowest flowers, and so appearing beyond them ; in having the label less cut at its edges and altogether of more formal outline, and the spur considerably less filiform. The ground-colour of the flowers is considerably deeper than is usual in 0. maculata. This supposed liybrid is usually of greater height and more slender growth than O. latifolia. It has the leaves rather faintly spotted. The circumstances under which this plant is found in the parish of Egg Buckland, where Fursdon and Derriford are situated, strongly point to its being of hybrid origin, with the probability of O. latifulia, rather than 0. maculata, being usually the seed-parent, proceeding on the supposition of Orchis-pollen being likely to find readier and wider transport than the ripe seed. In addition to the notice of Orchis latifulio-macnlata in the 'Flora of Hampshire,' I find Mr. G. C. Druce making mention of BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 215 a hybrid between latifolia and maculata in his ' Flora of Oxford- shire,' under his notice of the former species (p. 294). He says : — " Several forms of latifolia are found in Headington AVick Bog, including a hybrid between it and maculata. This," he adds, "has the solid stem and spreading leaves of iiiaculata, but the flowers are very nearly those of latifolia.'" In connection with the above, I cannot refrain from saying that the Orchis of this neighbourhood which I put to latifolia has certain features which belong, according to some descriptions of the purple- flowered variety of 0. incaniata, rather to that plant, though it is very unlike the veritable 0. incaniata L. described by Mr. C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc, No. 120, vol. xix., pp. 206-8. This latter striking plant I have seen growing near the Lizard, in Corn- wall, and there only. The Plymouth plant, moreover, has its leaves broadest "near the middle" rather than "near the base," a character given as a special mark of latifolia, with only the lower bracts exceeding the flowers. The lip, too, is only slightly divided, though, on the other hand, its middle lobe, or portion, ends in what is decidedly the longest point. Specimens of an Orchis that I found some years ago in a bog on Crownhill Down had more of the characters assigned to the purple-flowered variety of incaniata, and the receipt of a specimen thence caused the late Mr. Watson to put down the plant for S. Devon in Top. Bot., on my authority; so that it, as well as the 0. latifolia L. [0. majalis Reich.), appears therein as a S. Devon plant. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S. (Continued from p. 21G.) Knight, Frances [see Acton, Frances Stackhouse] . Knight, Henry (fl. 1838). Collected in Florida for Joseph Knight (his brother?), of Chelsea. Floral Cabinet, ii. 47. Ismene Knif/Jitii Kn. & Westc. Knight, Joseph (fl. 1809-1836). Gardener to Hibbert, afterwards nurseryman at Chelsea. ' Protee^,' 1809. ' Coniferous Plants.' Pritz. 106; Jacks. 141, 408; Journ. Bot. 1886, 296. Knight, Thomas Andrew (1759-1838) : b. Wormsley Grange, Ludlow, 12th Aug. 1759; d. London, 11th May, 1838; bur. Wormesley. Balliol, Oxon. F.L.S. , 1807. F.R.S., 1805. Pres. Hort. Soc. 1811-1838. Pritz. 166; Jacks. 69; R. S. C. in. 687 ; Gard. Mag. xiv. 303 ; * Selection from .... papers and life,' 1841; Gard. Chron. 1841, 351; 1877, i. 169, with portr. ; Cott. Gard. vi. 43 ; Journ. Hort. xxi. (1876), 428, with portr. ; 'Athenaeum,' 1838, 358. Portr. at Kew. Knujlitia Br. Knight William (fl. 1828). Lecturer on Bot., Aberdeen Univ. ' Outlines of Bot.,' 1828. Pritz. 166. 246 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Knowles, Gilbert (b. 167-4 ?). * Materia Medica Botanica, 1723, in verse, with engr. i^ortr. by Faber, after Murray. Pritz. 166 ; Jacks. 200 ; Pult. i. 282. Knowles, George Beauchamp (fl. 1829-1852). Surgeon. A.L.S., 1834. F.L.S., 1884. Prof. Bot. Birmingham Scliool of Medicine, 1829-1852. 'Floral Cabinet' (with F. Westcott), 1837-40. Pritz. 166 ; Jacks. 472. Knowlesia Hassk. = Tra- descantia spicata. Knowlton, Thomas (1692-1782): b. 1692; d. Londesborough, Yorks., 1782. F.L.S., 1795. Gardener to Sherard at Eltham, and to Earl of Burlington at Londesborough. Letters to Brewer in Bot. Dept. Brit. Mus. Ait. Hort. Kew. x. ; Pult. ii. 239 ; Rich. Corr. ; Linn. Letters, i. 77. Knowltonia Salisb. Knox, Robert (fl. 1657-1681). Captain, E. I. C. Navy. 'Account of Ceylon,' 1681. Captive in Ceylon, 1659-1679. Pritz. ed. i. 141. Kno.via L. Konig, Charles Dietrich Eberhard (1774-1851) : b. Brunswick, 1774; d. Loudon, 29th Aug. 1851. Keeper of Mineralogy, Brit. Museum, 1813. F.L.S., 1802. F.R.S. 'Annals of Bot.' (with Sims), 1805-6. 'Tracts,' 1805. Translated Sprengel, 1807. Pritz. 168; Jacks. 567. Portr. in Ann. Bot. ii. Koniga Br. Kurz, Sulpiz (1833 ?-1878) : b. Munich, 1833 ? ; d. Pulo Peuang, 15th Jan., 1878. Pupil of Martins. At Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg. Afterwards Curator, Calcutta Herbarium. ' Report on ... . Vegetation of ... . Andaman Islands,' 1867. * Forest Flora of Brit. Burma,' 1877. Pritz. 172 ; Jacks. 569 ; R. S. C. viii. 138; Journ. Bot. 1878, 217. Kyd, Robert (d. 1794) : d. Calcutta, 1794. Colonel. Established Calcutta Bot. Gard., 1787. Kydia Roxb. Lagasca, Mariano (1776-1839) : b. Encinacorva, Arragon, 4th Oct. 1776; d. Barcelona, 23rd Jime, 1839. F.L.S., 1831. Prof. Bot. and Director, Royal Garden, Madrid. Took refuge in British territory in 1822. ' Elenchus pi. in hort. Matritensi,' 1816. ' Genera et Species PI.,' 1816. Pritz. 173 ; Jacks. 446; R. S. C. iii. 801; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 71. Lagasca Cav. Lamb, Thomas (fl. 1794). M.D. A.L.S., 1789. F.L.S., 1794. Of Readhig. Eng. Bot. 1931, 2031. Lambert, Aylmer Bourke (1761-1842) : b. Bath, 2ud Feb. 1761 ; d. Kew, 10th Jan. 1842. St. Mary Hall, Oxon, 1779. F.L.S., 1788; V. -P., 1796. F.R.S., 1791. ' Cinchona,' 1797. ' Pinus,' 1803-1829 ; ed. 2, 1832 ; vol. iii. 1836. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (1359, 2562, &c.). Herbarium in part in Herb. Mus. Brit. Partly bought by Delessert, Lasegue, 75. Discovered Carduus tuberosiis, 1813. Pritz. 174 ; Jacks. 569 ; R. S. C. iii. 812 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 137 ; Gard. Chron. 1842, 271, 439 ; Athen- teum, 1842, 1137; Veitch, 'Manual of Couifera3,' 180. Oil portr. by Russell at Linn. Soc. Portr. at Kew. Aylmeria Martius. Lamhertia Sm. Salix Lamhertiana Sm. Lance, John Henry (d. 1878) : d. 12th Jan. 1878. Of Netherton, near Andover. F.L.S., 1828. Resided in Surinam before 1834. Bot. Reg. t. 1887. Oncidium Lanctaniim Lindl. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 247 Landon, Sylvanus (ii. 1699). Surgeon. Brought plants to Petiver from Spain, Azores, and Borneo, Mus. Pet. 45. Landsborough, Rev. David (1779-1854) : b. Dairy, Glen Kens, Galloway, 11th Aug. 1779; cl. Saltcoats, Ayrsh., 12th Sept. 1854. Minister of Stevenston, Ayrshire, 1811. A.L.S., 1849. D.D. 'Pop. Hist. Brit. Seaweeds,' 1849; ed. 3, 1857. Con- tributed to Harvey's ' Phytologia.' Discovered Ectocarjms Landshurqii. Pritz. 175 ; Jacks. 242 ; ' Memoir ' in his ' Arran,' ed. 2, 1875 ; E. S. C. iii. 836 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 426. Lamhhiuujia Harv. Langham, William (fl. 1579-1633). * Practitioner in Physicke.' * The Garden of Health,' 1579 ; ed. 2, 1633. Jacks. 28. Langley, Batty (fl. 1729-1808). Of Twickenham. ' Pomona, or the Fruit-Garden ; illustrated,' 1729 (figures by author). Pritz. ed. 1, 148. Langley, Larret (fl. 1827-1839). Of Brompton Academy, Piother- ham. F.L.S., 1827. 'Flora of Piotherham,' Mag. Nat. Hist. 1829, 269. Lankester, Edwin (1814-1874): b. Melton, Suffolk, 23rd April, 1814; d. 30th Oct. 1874. M.D., Heidelberg, 1839. F.R.S., 1846. F.L.S.,1840. Sec. of Ray Society, 1844-1862. 'Forma- tion of Wood,' Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1839. ' Setae of Fiinaria,' Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. (1840), 361. 'Plants and animals in . . . waters of Harrogate,' ih. vii. (1814), 105. Contrib. to Phytol. i. Wrote Botany in 'Penny Cyclopedia' from letter R. Translated Schleiden, 1849. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. 202 ; Pritz. 176; Jacks. 570 ; R. S. C. iii. 844 ; Athenaeum, ii. 1874. Portr. Men of Eminence, 1865. Lankesteria Lindl. Laurence, or Lawrence, Rev. John (1688-1732) : b. St. Mar- tin's, Stamford Baron, Northamptonsh., 1668 ; d. Bishop's AVearmouth, Durham, 18th May, 1732 ; bur. same place. M.A., Camb. Rector of Yelvertoft, 1703. Rector of Bishop's Wearmouth, 1721. Prebendary of Salisbury, 1723. 'A new system of Agriculture . . . containing an . . . account of . . . Silphium,' 1726. Additions to ed. 5 of Curtis' ' British Grasses,' 1812. Journ. Hort. xxx. (1876), 271, with portr. Portr. in j)ossession of Pemberton family. Law, John Sutherland (d. 1886?). Of Bombay Civil Service. F.L.S., 1856. Collected in Deccan, Concan, &c. Wight, Ic. 1070. PI. at Kew. Lasegue. Latvia Wight = Adenosacme. Laiiia Griff. = Teniiola Tul. Lawrence, Miss Mary (fl. 1790-1810). Of London. ' Teacher of botanical drawing.' 'A collection of Roses from Nature,' 1799. 'A collection of Passion Flowers,' 1799-1800. Pritz. 177 ; Jacks. 142. Lawrence, Robert William (1807-1833) ; b. 18th Oct. 1807; d. Tasmania, 18th Oct. 1833. Collected in Western Mountains, Tasmania. Lasegue, 328 ; Journ. Bot. 1834, 235 ; Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 272; Fl. Tasmania, cxxv. ; R. S. C. ih. 894. Law- reiicia Hook. Lawson, Isaac (fl. 1737-1747): b. in Scotland; d. before 1748. M.D., Leyden, 1737. Friend of Linnaeus and Gronovius. 2i8 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF EKITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. Printed ^witli Gronovius) Limit's ' Systema Naturae.' Linn. Diary, 5^0 ; Liun. Letters, i. 18 ; ii. 178, 175 ; Eich. Corr. 345. Ldwsonia L. Lawsoii) John (cl. 1712): b. in Scotland; burnt by Indians on B. ISleuse, North Carolina, 1712. Surveyor-General of North Carolina from 1700. ' Voyage to Carolina,' 1709 ; reprinted as * History of Carolina, containing the . . . Natural History . . ,' 1714. Plants in Herb. Sloane, 145, 242. Pritz. ed. 1, 150; Appleton, Cyclop. Americ. Biog. ; Drake, Diet. Americ. Biog. Lawson, John (fl. 1829-1839). Of Elgin. ' On . . . smut-balls in wheat,' Journ. Agric. ix. 1839, 269. * Treatise on Smut in Grain,' 1829. E. S. C. viii. 178. Lawson, Rev. Thomas (1G30-1G91) : b. 10th Oct. 1630; d. Great Strickland, Westmoreland, 12tli Nov. 1691 ; bur. Friends' Burying-ground, Newby Head. Vicar of Eampside, Furness. Afterwards master of Friends' School, Great Strickland. List of plants, Eay Letters, 197. Pult. ii. 116; Eich. Corr. 5; Nich. Anecd. i. 233 ;^E. Syn.. ed. 1, 43, &c. ; Pluk. Aim. 8; Friends' Books, ii. 88." Hleracinm Lawsonii Vill. Lay, George Tradescant (fl. 1825-1843). Naturalist to H.M.S. ' Blossom,' on Beechey's voyage, 1825-1828. Collected, with A. Collie, in California, in 1827. Chinese plants in Hb. Mus. Brit. E. S. C. iii. 896; Lasegue, 84; Hooker, 'Bot. Beechey's Voyage.' Layia Hook. & Arn. Loathes, Rev. George Reading (1778 ?-1836) : b. 1778?; d. Shropham, Norfolk, 1st Jan. 1836. M.A., Cambridge, 1813. Eector of Limpenhoe, 1803; Wickhampsted, 1804. F.L.S., 1805. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 1823, &c. ; to Mag. Nat. Hist. ; and to Bury Bot. Gard. Plants in herb, of Eev. T. Eogers, of Lackford. Gent. Mag. April, 1836, p. 439. Leathesia Grciy. Lee, Ann (fl. 1771-1778). Daughter of James Lee. Drawings of ^Icsenihnjanthemum in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. (1771-8). Journ. Bot. 1884, 123. Lee, Arthur (1740-1792) : b. Westmoreland, Virginia, 20th Dec. 1740; d. Urbana, Virginia, 12th Dec. 1792. M.D., Edinb. F.E.S. LL.D., Camb., Mass., 1782. Commissioner of U.S. to France and Spain. Correspondent of Adanson. Pritz. ed. 1, 151; 'Life,' 1829. Lee, Henry (d. 1888): d. Croydon, 1888. F.L.S., 1866. Natu- ralist to the Brighton Aquarium. ' The Vegetable Lamb of Tartary,' 1887. Lee, James (1715-1795) : b. Selkirk, 1715 ; d. Hammersmith, 1795. Gardener at Syoii and Whitton. Nurseryman, circ. 1745, with Kennedy at Hammersmith. Had collectors in America and at the Cape. Introduced Fuchsia coccinca. 'In- troduction to Botany,' 1760; ed. 2, 1765; ed. 3, 1776; ed. 4, 1794, with portr. Pritz. 179 ; Jacks. 571 ; Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 330 ; Loudon, Arboretum, i. 78. Lec0° ; whereas Spandau nearly touches lat. 53°, Brunswick also being N. of lat. 52^ and Halle only a little S. of it. Nyman gives the species as a native of Belgium ; and its intro- duction there (though not in Denmark, so much further north), 250 SHORT NOTES. appears to need proof. Even Mr. Druce's Oxford station is S. of both Spandau and Brunswick ; and my Surrey locality is nearly on the same parallel with Halle. The argument of " continental climates " seems to me in favour of, and not against its being native in this country ; for our winters are much less severe than those of either Paris or Frankfurt. Therefore, on (/eneral grounds, I respectfully suggest that, apart from its being to some extent a marketable grass, there is no positive presumption whatever against its wildness in Southern England. Mr. Carruthers has, apparently, made no enquiry into the nature of the two localities already on record, wdiich is obviously an essential matter. Of the Oxford station I can say nothing, though the occurrence of Lilium Martacfon raises suspicions. But at Witley, Surrey, where I live and have special facilities for forming an opinion, I can assert that it is certainly not an accidental introduction ; nor can I find any j)roof that it was j^^f-n^osdij sown. The woodland spot where it occurs, though on private ground, has clearly not been disturbed for many years ; and the grass (associated with Foa neuioralis, Festuca uvina, &c.), looks quite native. I also found this species, last spring, under trees near Beutworth House, 4:^ miles from Alton, N. Hants, on rather bare, brambly, neglected ground, and there also thought it wild ; but I was only a chance visitor, and have not yet revisited the place. My strong expectation is that F. Iieteroplujlla will be found in various other southern stations, though probably it may prove a very local grass. Has anyone met with it naturalized in permanent pastures ? It is not so around Witley, as far as I can see. — Edwakd S. Marshall. Festuca heterophylla Lam. in N. Hants. — On March 28tli I metywith a grass under trees at Bentworth House, 4| miles from Alton, which had the habit, and triangular, scabrid root-leaves of the above-named species. Two tufts were grown on in my garden, and are now (June) comiug into flower. They are precisely similar to the "Witley ]plant. — Edward S. Marshall. A Perthshire Orchid. — I have looked at the remarkable orchid you have sent me, collected by Dr. Buchanan White in Perth. I can hardly pretend to name it, but su^^pose it may be a small form of 0. maculata Linn. I have seen small forms of O. maculata, with small white flowers, growing in very wet marshes. Mr. J. G. Baker, however, said Dr. White's plant appeared to him more probably a depauperated state of 0. latifolia Linn. With regard to 0. incarnata Linn., of which I have given a figure in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. xix. t. 31, this figure is exceedingly accurate, except that the colour added to the separate flower "2" is much too high. It is one of the easiest characters for the collector of this species that there is no trace of purple in the flower. As I know the plant at Bransbury, the colour is always a very pale, slightly yellowish, rose, becoming more yellow as the flower fades. The Lancashire examples yon have since shown me were rose-red, more highly coloured than any Bransbury example, not yellow, and not in the least purple. The strong, almost continuous, inter- SHORT NOTES. 251 marginal line round the lip is also a good character in this species ; I see no trace of any such line in Dr. White's plant, and I do not think his plant can be any form of 0. incarnata Linn. The old plate of Sowerby's (Engl. Bot. t. 2308) of 0. latifolia, which is reproduced in Syme's Engl. Bot. with the new name 0. incarnata, I would still call O. latifolia ; the spike is too lax, and slightly wider at the base {i. e., not exactly oblong as in 0. incarnata Linn.), the lower bracts are too long for 0. incarnata Linn. Nor have I ever seen the flowers so purple in 0. incarnata. Any botanist who visits Bransbury Common between the 24th and 30tli of June can find, in plenty, three very distinct plants there, viz., 0. maciilata Linn., O latifolia Linn., and the plant I have maintained to be 0. incarnata Linn. — C. B. Claeke. Ranunculus acris L. — Mr. Townsend's recent paper (p. 140, ante), explaining that this name is properly applicable to R. Bora^amis, instead of to ft. Steveni, removes a difficulty which must have been felt by all who have endeavoured to understand these j)lauts. For some time I have considered Borccanus to be the common plant of Surrey, I have met with what I understand to be R. Steveni in but a single station — on the chalk, at the extreme eastern end of Surrey. Li each of the two specimens obtained the horizontal rhizome was about 3 in. in length, bearing two tufts of leaves and flower-stems separated by that distance. Having only a small knife with me at that time, I was unable to ascer- tain the real extent of the rhizome. According to Jordan, as quoted by Lloyd (' Fl. d'Ouest'), it would appear that the root- stock is not only creeping, but branching, so that the plant soon "covers a large area." It is not to be expected that on a hard clialky bank the rhizome would run so freely as in a loose, open soil, and I hope to get the plant and grow it. I endeavoured to do so last year, but the road had been re-made and banked up, and the plant was not to be found. I hope that Mr. Townsend will some day give the distribution of Fi. Steveni in Britain, as at present known. — W. H. Beeby. Autumnal Flowering of Mercurialis perennis. — At page 22, Mr. F. J. George has a note on a variety or state of this plant which seems habitually to flower in the autumn, and which he proposes to make into a named variety chiefly for that reason. Turning to my diary for 1883, I find a record of M. perennis being in flower at Warboys Wood (Hants Co. 31) on October 28tli ; and, unless my memory greatly misleads me, I have noticed the autumnal flowering of some few plants of this species in nearly every subsequent year. Indeed, until I read Mr. George's interesting note, I supposed this species, like many others that usually flower early in the year, habitually produced a few flowers in warm autumns, just as often as primroses and violets anticipate the spring. But on the other hand, this second flowering is characteristic of some species, such as Caltha jKilustris, which habitually flowers in September in hot or cold years alike. Possibly this may also be the case with M. perennis. — Alfred Fryer. 252 SHORT NOTES. MoLiNiA cERULEA IN THE BRISTOL Flora. — Tliis grass is but little known in the vicinity of Bristol. Until last summer we sup- posed that it could not be found nearer than the Mendips to the south, or on Yate Common in the northern division of the district. j\[oUnia is not mentioned in Swete's * Flora Bristoliensis,' nor in any other list of Bristol plants with which I am acquainted : but in the Stephens Herbarium there are specimens from *' Durdham Down," undated. Dr. Stephens was an accurate botanist, and his collection is excellent ; but unluckily for those engaged in working out the distribution of local plants, he very rarely attached to his specimens the place and date of their collection. All that we knew, therefore, was that some thirty or forty years ago the grass had been gathered on our downs, and had since been apparently extirpated by some adverse influence. Consequently, in last September, I was not prepared to notice a large quantity of the plant flowering amongst the furze-bushes near the band-stand on Clifton Down, and also in another spot close to the fountain. The stems, being mostly a yard high, were noticeable at a distance, and, at the latter place, could be recognized from the road. Mr. Wheeler informs me that about the same time he likewise observed it on Durdham Down, near the Gully. It cannot be deemed possible that the conspicuous panicles of Molinia, had they been regularly produced season after season, could have escaped notice in spots so much frequented, and have been entirely overlooked by scores of botanists who have examined the locality of late years. Nor is it possible that the plant could be introduced, in such abundance, over so wide an area. To account for its resuscitation we must, I think, believe that this, like some other species, may be uncertain in flowering, and may require for its perfect develop- ment some unusual meteorological conditions. That a very wet summer following the great heat of 1887 induced the plants, which formerly had flowered but sparingly or not at all, to produce a luxuriant crop, is, I think, a reasonable explanation of an extremely curious circumstance. There is little doubt that other plants were similarly affected. I observe that whereas last spring the trees of ropulus tremula glabra, in Leigh Woods, produced abundance of flowers, both barren and fertile, this year not a single catkin was to be seen upon them, and much the same thing has occurred with the hornbeams in Clifton. — James Walter White. Corrections. — Since correcting the proof of my article upon Derbyshire Plants (p. 178), I have received a note from the Rev. W. K. Linton saying that lluhus Jissus Lindl. grows in the habitat assigned to 11. suherectns Anders., and that the latter is not to be seen there. I am also informed that there is no specimen of H. Huhcrectus in Mr. Smith's herbarium at University College, Notting- ham. Ift/pcrlcum. linarii/olium: Prof. Babington says (p. 185) that I sent him this : it should be Mr. J. W. Carr, B.A., of University College, Nottingham. — W. Hunt Painter. 253 NOTICES OF BOOKS, Anyials of Botany. Edited by I. B. Balfour, S. H. Vines, and W. G. Farlow. Vol. II., No. vni. 8vo, pp. 393-436, Ixi.- cxxxviii. Price 7s. M. Vol. III., No. ix. 8yo, pp. 134, tt. 7. Price lis. Qd. Oxford : Clarendon Press. The latest issue, wliicli, although dated February, did not make its appearance until the last days of June, completes the second volume of this handsomely printed addition to our periodical literature. It contains little more than a hundred pages of letter- press, the greater part of which is devoted to a "Kecord of Current Literature" for 1888, the remainder being occupied by a "Botanical Necrology" for the same year. There are no original contributions in the number, and the cost seems somewhat excessive. It must be admitted, however, that, if the food be meagre and not too well served, there is an imposing array of cooks. The Editors have received assistance in almost every "necrology" from distinguished botanists of various lands, and even with this help, their modesty has rendered them unequal to the mere work of editing, without "great assistance" from Mr. George Murray. Since the days of the "ministry of all the talents," surely no such display of genius has been concentrated to produce so small a result ; we must go further back for a parallel — as far, mdeed, as the days when the mountain brought forth the mouse. Two years ago, we criticised the first instalment of the " Eecord of Current Literature."* Every fault which we then pointed out is still manifest. The list of "Books and Pamphlets," arranged under the authors' names, seems to have been planned so as to give as little information as possible : neither the size or extent of the works is indicated ; the place of publication, even, is not always given — the publisher and price, never ; and puzzling entries, such as "Wood, Illustrated Natural History (in 15 parts). Part i. London" are to be met with.f In the "Periodical Literature," as before, no initials are given ; misprints, though less abundant than of yore, are still frequent ; no attempt is made to distinguish between different men bearing the same name, like the Bakers and Bennetts. There is a deliberate falsification of date by the in- clusion of No. VII. of the 'Annals' among 1888 publications, for although dated "Nov. 1888," it did not appear until January of this year. There is no attempt at an index to the varied contents, not even a list of the periodicals cited : as an example of much labour to little purpose, this Piecord could hardly be surpassed. The "necrology " is more useful ; but the Editors have contrived to render it as little so as possible, and a lack of consistency is manifest throughout. Thus, in the Bibliography of Asa Gray, this Journal * Journ. Bot. 1887, 316. t This probably means that the work, when completed, will consist of 15 parts, and that part i. has been issued. But it is merely a reissue of a very well-known work, and has no more to do with botany than mathematics Do the Editors suppose that this is an anonymous treatise on Timber? 254 ANNALS OF BOTANY. is cited iii nine different ways, some of them entirely incorrect, and other variations in citation occur elsewhere. In no case is the page given when reference is made to a periodical publication ; the result being that another index must be consulted, although the present would suffice if the page were added. The arrangement is sometimes by subject, sometimes chronological: complete works sometimes pre- cede papers, at others are mixed up with them ; when another author has united with the subject of the bibliography in the production of any book, the joint works are sometimes at the end, sometimes in the middle, sometimes it is impossible to decide where the joint authorship begins and ends (see p. 410). Of course the large amount of co-operation received is to some extent accountable for this ; but could not the three Editors reduce the material to some uniform arrangement ? The information regarding each botanist is useful, but meagre, although at times superfluous, as when we are told, tout court, that L. Forquignon was "Born" — which we might have assumed from the fact that the date of his death is recorded. But here again we try in vain to discover any principle of working : for example, the memoir of Dr. Boswell given in this Journal is cited, but others published by us are omitted. The bibliography in this instance, taken bodily from the Royal Society's 'Catalogue,' is incomplete. The first name on the list is that of Ahrling, the well-known student of matters relating to Linnaeus, who, indeed, edited some of Linne's hitherto uniDublished MSS., but was in no sense a botanist. The "Flora Dalekarlica," attributed here to Ahrling, is printed from Linne's MS., dated 1734, although any one would imagine, from the way in which it occurs in the 'Annals,' that it was a work of Ahrling's, pubhshed in 1873. Hennecart (1797-1888) is in- cluded, we presume, on some grounds known to the editors ; no reason for his inclusion is assigned, unless this is conveyed in the title "Proprietor" appended to his name : proprietor of what/ Asa Gray occupies thirteen pages : but this elaborate enumeration is quite unnecessary in the face of the excellent list of his writings issued as an appendix to vol. xxxvi. of the ' American Journal of Science,' of which this seems to be a clumsy and incomplete re- arrangement, with several added errors. The original list is chronologically arranged and fully indexed, and is thus readily con suitable : the Editors of the * Annals ' have succeeded in reducing it to a complicated puzzle, to which they have provided no key. Criticism of this kind is capable of almost indefinite extension, for which the Editors of the 'Annals' have provided abundant material. We may adopt as our summary of the Bibliography in the 'Annals' the words of the preface prefixed by Mr. Burnand to his ' New Sandford and Merton ' — " Other books will [show] you what to do: this book will [show] you what to don't." The first part of the new volume (dated February, and issued in March of the present year) contains many papers of interest, already enumerated at p. 12G. We are somewhat surprised, how- ever, to find in so high-class a Journal such a paper as that on "Abnormal Ferns, Hybrids, and their Parents," by Mr. E. J. ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 255 Lowe and the late Colonel Jones. So far as the evidence given is concerned, there is absolutely no proof that the so-called *' hybrids" are of hybrid origin, and the accompanying plate in no way con- firms the hybrid theory. The authors refer to an essay on the subject which was submitted to the Linnean Society in 1881 (not "1884," as stated in the 'Annals'), and of which the title only appeared in print (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1880-82, p. 6) : we are at a loss to understand how a paper, which does not rise at all above the level of ' Science-Gossip,' should be admitted into a Journal having the lofty aims of the 'Annals.' In the interests of ''law and order," attention must be called to a grave error in the practice of nomenclature, perpetrated in an interesting paper on a new development of Ephelis, by Messrs. Cooke and Massee. This new development is here formally described both as E. trinitensis and also under Balansia as B. trmitensis, the following astonishing reason being assigned for this course of action : — "As in other cases of proven dimorphism, the stylosporous form and the ascigerous form have still been retained separately under their respective genera ; so in this case, although not autonomous, as will hereafter be seen, the Ephelis-iovui deserves a place beside the other species in that genus under the name of Ejjhelis triuitensis Cooke & Massee." "What this comes to is simply that the authors, instead of taking this proper opportunity of sinking a genus, have seized the occasion to increase the number of specific names by the un- warrantable act of describing the same species under two genera ! The practice "in other cases of proven dimorphism" is surely the reverse among all respectable systematists, and it is to be hoped that the 'Annals' will not again lend itself to a down-grade movement in this direction. We have only space this month to call attention to the important and useful addition to our tourists' floras of a translation by Mr. L. W. Paitson of Gremli's ' Excursionsflora,' which has just been published by Mr. David Nutt under the title, ' Flora of Switzerland for the use of tourists and field-botanists.' The book is a handy pocket volume, bound in limp cloth, and well printed ; its cost is 7.S. 6cL We hope to notice it at length in an early issue, but mention it now in order to bring it under the notice of botanists whose holiday tours may lie among the Swiss mountains. Articles in Journals. Botanical Gazette (June). — H. L. Bolley, ' Sub-epidermal Eusts ' (1 plate). — J. N. Rose, 'Achenia of Coreoims' (1 plate). — B. D. Halsted, * Sensitive stamens in Coniposita.'' Bot. Centralhlatt. (Nos. 27, 28). — A. Thomaschek, ' Ueber die Verdickungsschichten an Kiinstlich hervorgerufenen Pollensch- liiuchen von Colchicum autumnale.' Bot. Zeitunrj (June 21, 28; July 5). — W. L. Peters, 'Die 25G ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. Organismen des Sauerteigs unci ihre Bedeutung fiir die Brot- gahrung.' — (Jnly 12). J. Wortmann, ' Ueber die I3ezielinngen der Reizbewegungen wachsender Organe zu der normalen Wachs- tliumsercheinungen.' Bull. Torrey Bot. Cluh (July). — F. L. Harvey, ' Freshwater Algfe of Maine.' — N. L. Britton, ' Rusby's S. American Plants ' [Prutiiun Bolivianum, Thoumia coriacea, llourea [?) Bakemna, spp. nn.). — J. H. Redfield, ' Corona in New Jersey.' Gardeners' Chronicle (July G). — 'Bosa herberuli/oUa' (figs. 1, 2). — 'History of English Gardening' (contd.). — ' Amor pho phallus Titanum ' (figs. 3, 5, 6). — (July 13). Ornithogalnui apcrtijlornm Baker, Fritillaria hericaulis I3aker, spp. nn. — (July 20). Anthurium cymhi- forme N. E. Br., Odontoylossum Hunnewellianum Rolfe, spp. nn. — (July 27). Albuca trichophylla Baker, sp. n. Journal de Botaniquc (June 16). — P. A. Karsten & P. Hariot, ♦Fungi nonnulli Gallici ' [Hariotia, gen. nov.). — L. du Sablon, ' Surl'endoderme de la tige des Selaginelles.' — P. Maury, ' Plantes du Haut-Orenoque ' [Fihynchospora eleyantula, sp. n.). Midland Naturalist (July). — W. Mathews, 'County Botany of Worcester ' (contd.). Niiovo Giornale Bot. Italiano (July). — J. Muller, ' Lichenes Sebastianopolitani lecti a cl. Dr. Glaziou.' — A. Bottini, ' Sulla struttura dell' Oliva ' (2 plates). — R. Farneti, ' Enumerazione del Muschi del Bolognese.' — A. Goiran, ' Sulla estrazione del Vischio o Pania da Viburnum Lantana, &c.' — Id., ' Di una singolare espe- rienza praticata sopra le corolle di Cyclamen persicum.' — G. Arcangeh, ' Sullo sviluppo di colore dovuto alia respirazione nei ricettacoli dei Funghi.' — Id., ' Sopra un caso di sinanzia osservato nella Saxifrcuja crassifolia.' — U. Mantelli, * Sulla Chanuerops hamilis var. dactylocarpa.' — C. Massalongo, Taphrina Oreoselini, n. sp. — Id., Lejeunea Bosettiana, n. sp. — L. Macchiati, ' Le sostanze coloranti degli strobili dell' Abies excelsa.' — E. Taufani, ' Viscum album & V. laxum.'' — Id., ' Sopra alcune specie e varieta di Dianthus.' — E. Gelmi, ' Contribuzione alia flora dell' isola Corfu.' — F. Panizzi, ' Moehrinyia frutescens.' Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (July). — T. v. Heldreich, 'Di^Malabaila- Arten der griechischen Flora.' — R. v. Wettstein, 'Erysimum k Cheiranthus ' (1 x)late). — L. Celakovsky, ' Potentilla Limlackeri k P. radiata.' — Id., 'Thymus quinquecostatus , sp. n.' — P. Ascherson, ♦ Synonymic der Kurotia ccratoidcs.' — P. Dietel, ' Ueber die Aecidien von Mclampsora Buphorbioi dulcis & Pucciniasilvatica.' — C. Lippitsch, ' Ueber das Einreisen der Laubblatter der Musacccn und einiger vcrwandter Pflanzen.' Scottish Naturalist {J u\y).—Avt\mY Bennett, ' Records of Scottish Plants in 1888.' — J. W. H. Trail, ' Revision of Scotch Discomy- cctes.' 257 CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE ALG^ OF THE WEST INDIAN EEGION. By George Murray, F.L.S. (Continued from p. 242,) CONFERVE^. Ch^tomorpha tortuosa Klitz. Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Blstr. Atlantic (Europe), Mediterranean, United States. C. implexa Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Var. MoNTAGNEANA Kutz . Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, IL de la Sagra, Geogr. Blstr. N. Atlantic and Mediterranean. C. Javanica Kiitz., f. tenuis Cm. Guadeloupe, Mazc\ Geogr. Dlstr. Java. C. GRACILIS Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Var. TENuiOR Grn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Dlstr. N. Atlantic and Mediterranean. C. LiNoiDEs Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Mazel Geogr. Dlstr. Atlantic and Pacific. C. CHLOROTicA Kiitz. Guadeloupo, Mazel Geogr. Dlstr. Mediterranean. C. LiNUM Kiitz. Cuba, R. de la Sagra. Geogr, Dlstr. North Sea and Atlantic. C. DuBYANA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Mazel Geogr. DUtr, Southern shores of France. C. VAST A Kiitz, Guadeloupe, Maze ! Var. iNFLATA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Dlstr. Mediterranean. C. AEREA Kiitz. Barbadoes, Dickie ! Bermuda, * Challenger'' ! Geogr. Dlstr. Mediterranean, Atlantic shores of Europe, Canaries, United States, Australia. C. BiLLARDiERii Kiitz. Guadeloupo, Maze ! Geogr. Dlstr. Australia. C. PACHYNExMA Mont. Guadeloupo, Maze I Geogr. Dlstr. Canary Islands. C. ANTENNiNA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Mazel Geogr. Dlstr. Indian Ocean and S. Pacific. C. MEDIA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze I C. iNTESTiNALis Kiitz. Guadeloupc, Maze ! C. BRACHYGONA Harv. Florida, Harvey, Melvlll. Mouth of the Rio Bravo, ScJiott. C. GENicuLATA Mout. Guadcloupc, Mazel Bermuda, Bein. Geogr. Dlstr. Cayenne. C. BREviARTicuLATA Zaiiai'd. Guadcloupe, Maze ! C. suBMARiNA Cm. Guadeloupc, Maze ! C. LANOSA Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. TENuissiMA Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze I Ehizoclonium Antillarum Kiitz. Cuba, R. de la Sagra. Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [Sept. 1889.] s 258 CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG-E OF WEST INDIAN REGION. R. suBRAMOSUM Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! R. sARGASsicoLUM Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze 1 f. TENUIS Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! f. SPIRALIS Crn. Guadeloupe, M(ize\ HoRMOTRicHUM Bermudianum Harv. Bermuda, Rein. Cladophora hospita Kiitz., var. nuda Kiitz. Guadeloupe, 2Iaze\ Geogr. Distr. Cape of Good Hope. C. COMOSA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. North Sea. C. PROLiFERA Kiitz. Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Ber- muda, ' Challenger.' Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. PELLuciDA Kiitz. Bermuda, Kemp. Geogr. Distr. N. Atlantic and Mediterranean. C. ALYssoiDEA Meiiegh. Guadeloupe, 2Iaze ! Var. GRAciLLiMA Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. Macallana Harv. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Britain. C. FAscicuLARis Kutz. Grenada, Murray ! Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Cuba, R. de la Sagra. f. denudata Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! f. GLOMERATA Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. FASCICUL.ARIOIDES Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. ovoiDEA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! f. CRAssicAULis Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. North Sea. C. LAXA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. anisogona Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Toud Island. C. Eckloni Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Cape of Good Hope. C. sertularina Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Cayenne. C. Mauritiana Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean. C. L^TEviRENs Kiitz. Bermuda, Rein. Geogr. Distr. North Sea. C. ALBiDA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Britain. C. CRYSTALLINA Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. North Sea, N. Atlantic, and Mediterranean. C. FLAVESCENS Kiitz. Guadcloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. North Sea and N. Atlantic. C. LUTEscENS Harv. Bermuda, Rein. Var. LONGiARTicuLATA. Guadcloupc, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. GRACILIS Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Bermuda, Kewp. Geogr. Distr. North Sea and N. Atlantic. C. GLAucEscENS Griff. Bermuda, Rein. Geogr. Distr. North Sea and N. Atlantic. CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG.E OF WEST INDIAN REGION. 259 C. KuDOLPHiANA Harv. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean and N. Atlantic. C. RucHiNGERi Klitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. Tranquebarensis Klitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean. C. TRicHOTOMA Klitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. North Sea. C. membranacea Klitz. Barbadoes, Dickie ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Santa Cruz [fide Kiltzing). Flovidsi, Harvey, Melvilll Ber- muda, Reiii. Var. c^spiTosA Klitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Teneriffe. C. coMPOsiTA Hook. et. Harv. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean. C. enormis Klitz. Guadeloui^e, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Canary Islands. C. REPENs Klitz. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Florida, Harvey, Melvill ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. sociALis Klitz. Guadeloupe, 2Iaze ! Geogr. Distr. Pacific. C. Trinitatis Klitz. Trinidad {fide Kiitzing). 0. stricta Klitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. North Sea. C. HORMOCLADIA Klitz. Guadcloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. N. Atlantic. C. cRAssicAULis Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. cHARoiDES Chauv. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. BRYOiDES Klitz. Guadeloupe, Maze I C. conferta Crn. Guadeloupe, 2Iaze ! C. dichotomo-divaricata Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze. C. zosTERicoLA Cm. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. OBTUSATA Zanard. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. suBMARiNA Cm. Guadcloupe, ]\[aze ! C. DELicATULA Mont. ? Guadeloupc, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Cayenne. C. CRUCIGERA Grunow. Guadeloupe, DucJiassaing , Maze ! C. LUTEOLA Harv. Cuba, Wright. Florida, Harvey. Bermuda, Rein, ' Challenger ' ! C. Crouanii nob. = C. luteola Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! The specific name luteola is already used by Harvey. C. catenatoides Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. glebifera Klitz., var. occidentalis Cm. Guadeloupe, 2Iaze ! Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. MExicA Crn. Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. Brasiliana Mart. Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geogr. Distr. Brazil. C. GRAciLLiMA Cm. (uon Kiitz.). Guadeloupe, Maze ! C. virgatula Grunow. Guadeloupe, Duchassaing, Maze ! C. suBTiLis Kiitz. Guadeloupe, Maze ! s 2 260 CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG.E OF WEST INDIAN REGION. [Kiitzing places under Cladopliora, among species inquirendce, the Conferva hicolor Mert. et Swartz, from Jamaica (Swartz), but remarks, ** forte non hujus generis." It is also recorded from Guadeloupe by Maze !] Ulveje. Enteromorpha intestinalis Lk. Grenada, Murray ! Guadeloupe, Maze ! Geofjr. Distr. Atlantic and Mediterranean. E. LiNZA J. Ag. Bermuda, Kemp, Rein. Geo.). — E. Niel, * Cat. des Plantes croissant dans le Departement de I'Eure' (Rouen, Meterie: pp. 138). — G. Egerton-Warburton, ' Names and Synonyms of British Plants' (London, Bell: 8vo, pp. xxxvi. 160: 2s. 6d.). Articles in Journals. Annah of Botany (dated May, published Aug.). — J. D. Hooker & C. A. Barber, * Pachytheca' (2 plates). — J. E. T. Aitchison, ' The Source of Badsha or Royal Salep ' {Allium Mac teanii : 1 plate). — E. Groom, ' The Function of Lacticiferous Tubes ' (1 plate). — A. B. Rendle, * Vesicular Vessels of the Onion ' (1 plate). — T. Johnson, * The Nursing of the Embryo and other points in Myzodmdron punctidatum ' (2 plates). — T. W. Fulton, 'Dispersion of Spores of Fungi by the agency of Insects ' (1 plate). — F. 0. Bower, ' The Pitcher of Nepenthes ' (1 plate). ~ J. M. Macfarlane, ' Pitchered Insectivorous Plants ' (1 plate). — C. B. Clarke, ' An abnormal Cyperacea.' — A. E. Shipley, ' Macrosporium parasiticuin.' — S. H. Vines, ' The Mechanism of Stomata.' Bot. Centralblatt (Nos. 29-35). — E. Overton, ' Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gattung Volvox ' (4 plates). — (Nos. 29, 30). 0. Boeckeler, ' Ein neues Cyperaceen-genus ' {Cylindrolepis). . Sad- ebeck, ' Ueber die durch Pilznngriffe hervorgebrachten maserahn- lichen Zeichungen in tropischen Hcilzern.' — (No. 32). ' Ueber die Dauer der Keimfahigkeit der Samen und Terminalknospenbildung bei den Weiden.' — (No. 33). J. B. De Toni, * Phyllactidmm arun- di7iaceum.' Botanical Gazette (July). — R. Thaxter, 'Culture of Gymno- sporangium.' — C. Robertson, 'Flowers and Insects' [Viola ^ Clintonia). — C. W. Hargitt, ' Variation in Calla.' Bot. Zeituny (July 19, 26). — J. Wortmann, 'Ueber die Bezie- hungeii der Reizbewegungen wachsender Organe zu den normalen Wachsthumserscheinungen.' — (Aug. 2). H. Vochting, ' Ueber eine abnorme Rhizom-Bildung.' — (Aug. 9-23). A. Wieber, 'Ueber Anlange und Ausbildung von Libriformfasern in Abhangigkeit von ilusseren Verhaltnissen.' Bull. Bot. Soc. de Belyique (xxviii. 1 : Aug. 19). — C. Van Bem- beke, 'Recliercbes sur la morphologic du Phallus impudicus.' — F. Crepin, ' Considerations sur quelques faits concernant le genre Rosa.' — P. A. Saccardo, ' Mycetes Sibirici ' (3 plates). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France (xxxvi. 3 : Aug. 1). — J. de Szyszy- lowicz, 'Excursion Botanique du Montenegro' (Barhida monteyrina Breidl. & Szysz., Cerastiwn dinaricum Beck & Szysz., Dianthus Nicolai Beck & Szysz., D. medunensis Beck. & Szysz., spp. nn.). — 288 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. — . Thoiivenin, ' Sur I'appareil de soutieu dans les tiges des Saxi- frages.'— L. Daniel, * Structure comparee de la feuille et des folioles de I'involucre dans les Cynarocepliales et generalites sur les Com- posees.' — E. Bornet, * Les Nostocacees lieterocystes dii ' Systema Algarum ' de C. A. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymie actuelle (1889).' — A. M. Hue, ' Liclienes Yunnanenses.' Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (Aug.). — C. H. Kain & E. A. Schultze, * A Fossil Marine Diatomaceous Deposit from Atlantic City ' (2 plates). — M. S. Bebb, ' SalLv nrrftjrocarpa and -S'. Uva Ursi.' — L. H. Bailey, ^ Carex umbellata.' — J. G. Lemmon, Draba Crockeri, Nama densa, spp. nn. Gardeners Chronicle (Aug. 10). — Ciladiolus Leichtlinii Baker, n. sp. — G. Henslow, * Colour in Plants.' — (Aug. 17). R. A. Rolfe, ' Cijcnoches pentadactylon.' — (Aug. 24). Eulophia bella N. E. Br., n. sp. — (Aug. 31). Phaius yltilippinenensis N. E. Br., n. sp. Journal de Botanique (July 1). — C. Flahault, ' Herborisations aux environs de Montpellier.' — L. Guignard, ' Observations sur le pollen de Cycadees.' — Drake del Castillo, Wickstrcemia Balansce, sp.n. — (July 16). D. del Castillo, 'Contribution a la Flore de I'Amerique equatoriale ' [Centropoyon erythrcEUs, C. gracilis, C. reticu- latus, C. capitatus, C.yesneraformis, C. hirtijiorus, C.pallidiis, spp.nn.). — J. Costantin, ' Echinobotrytim & Stysamis.' Jonrn. Linn. Soc. (xxv. 171 : July 27). — R. A. Rolfe, ' Morpho- logical and Systematic Review of Apostasies' {Neuwiedia Lindleyi, N. Curtisii, A postasia gracilis, A. latifolia, spp.nn. : 1 plate). — G. Murray, ^ Boodlea, a new Genus oi SiphonocladacecB' (B. coacta, sp. unica). — R. Baron, ' Flora of Madagascar.' — J. G. Baker, 'Further Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar' [Pittosporum capitatum, Gurcinia pacliyj)hyllus, G. aphanophlebia, Psorospermum malifolium, P. membranifolium, Xerochlamys pubescens, LeptolcBua cuspidata, Hibiscus plianerandrus, Domheya gemina, D. xijjhosepala, D. botryoides, Speirostyla (gen. nov. Sterculiacearwn) tilio'folia, Grewia Badula, G. repanda, G. discolor, G. cernua, G. bracteata, G. celtidi- fulia, Hugonia brewerioides, Erythroxylon recurvifolium, E. capitatum^ Triaspis axillaris, Toddalia densijlora, T. macrophylla, Zanthoxylum madagascancnse, Byttneria nitidula. Commiphora cuneifolia, Turraa cunei/olia, T. mali/olia, T. rhamnij'olia, Chailletia oleifoUa, Olax andronensis, Elaodendron lycioides, spp. nn.). Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschri/t (Aug.). — R. V. Wettstein, ' Die Gat- tungen Erysimum & Cheirantlius' (1 plate). — L. Celakovsky, ' AltJuca aniieniaca in Ungarn.' — A. Zahlbruckner, Lucuma Baillonii, n. sp. — J. A. Biiumler, Mycologische Notizen (Phyliosticta stomacola, n.sp.). — E. Woloszczak, ' Kritische Bemerkungen iiber sieben- biirgische Wiedon.' — K. Vandsa, ' Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Flora von Sud-Hercegovina ' (concluded). We regret to announce the death of the Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, which took place at Sibbertoft, Market Harborough, on the 80th ult. A memoir of his Ufe will appear in our next issue. TalD.291. \ A, GoG^-)C3----\J^M JJ,. QO as ^1 OOt>OOG001O01C0T-t(?q00 a t-OLooOfM-^ocot^drHOOT-icoT-iosoo:) rH T-l tH ^ (M i-H CO ^0:'(MOrHCOOi-l^t>>001COrH(M(?q'TtOOOOT-i Ti< a tH b c8 ^ 13 go o |a COCJir-lTHmOOfMC ? t> ll i-H 1 4J <1 i O o o l>t>OTHOOrHC0C 5 05 02 i rH w -3 u a CU •n • OQ ■s^s. COt-T-HO-iOOi-lC > CO -^ ^ -M ^ •c-Si" ,2^ « 1^« OrHrHOOOOCOr- , zo III rH tH tH CO oo (D -•3 ^ CO-^COG^OOi-HOIXt- 01 CO ^ rH tH S tH ^ ^* H . a ?5 8: a c: -S c > 9: a c 1 S: 1 ^ 8: 1 g 8 •rH a i '5 Ah S-SlS-S.^g^g.^ 1 ^ p W OQU Ph <^ 02 Ph CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALGiE OF WEST INDIAN REGION. 301 1« ii a^ o 00 'rf^ 1§ T-H rH ^ s d ■-g cd 00 CO t> 1—1 ^ tH CO ;z5 'S-l' « a> d 'O^ o a a ta CO III CO cq t> •WM OQ .2 Q »o t> lO l>- •"* 05 t- rH X) ■s r-H H w Ph • o o §la W 3. a > O a i^ )E o a P^ O H O P? P^ Cq t> ^ O 00 00 CO TJH XO O CO i-H cq 05 t* Oi tH CO T-i cq CO 1—1 rH -^ Oi O O )0 rH CO CO o CO CO CO rH rjl 1-i rH CO CO CO tH iH 00 CO ^ r-t CO t>CO Tt< CO 00 (M ^ o CO rH CM ^ rH lO 05cq CO (M XO ""sl^ CO CO '«*< O CO l> CO CO ■^ (M t>- iO 00 ^ rH 00 -^ 00 rJH *"* rH t- I ^ P^|:i^Qfl^ 302 CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG^ OF WEST INDIAN REGION. I venture to think that the conclusion is obvious enough, from the foregoing tables, that the West Indian Region is a natural one. At the beginning of the work the inclusion of Bermuda in the region seemed to rest on doubtful grounds, but on the whole, these doubts, such as they were, have been removed during its progress. The occurrence on that island of two sjpecies of Fucus, for example, viz., F. ceranoides L. and F, distichus L., certainly makes one pause, but a consideration of the whole of the list containing many examples of peculiar West Indian forms outweighs this evidence of a northern flora — and we may safely regard Bermuda as no longer "vexed," but well established as the northern limit down the Gulf Stream of this region. The other difficulty in delimiting the frontier of the West Indian Region has been the wide question of how far it is worth while separating it from the warm Atlantic region. It will be seen that the latter exceeds by only one the total for the Mediterranean of West Indian forms common to the regions in question — but it must not be forgotten that the Mediterranean not only ofters a long coast-line, but it has been far better explored for Algae than the coast-lines of the warm Atlantic region. Compare our knowledge of the Algae of the Adriatic or of the Bay of Naples with our poor records from Brazil or the West African coast ! The proportion of warm Atlantic forms occurring in the West Indies (to put the case from the other point of view) — I mean the proportion to the who?e known marine flora is far greater than the proportion of Mediterranean forms so occurring. While therefore maintaining the West Indian region for the present, I should offer no serious opposition to its being engulphed in the warm Atlantic region if it be considered desirable to deal with regions of larger area. The total of species common to the Cape may cause some surprise as to its smallness compared with Australia. This, I take it, is to be accounted for by the two facts that Australia has been ascertained to have a very large and varied marine flora, and that this flora has been so thoroughly studied from the systematic point of view. From Australia and the S. Pacific, I should explain that I exclude North Australia. The material from Torres Straits, which is about all we know of it, shows a greater relationship with Indian Ocean and warm Pacific forms than with East, South, or West Australian forms. The smaller totals from warm Pacific and North Pacific are to be accounted for by the poverty of our knowledge of these regions. The total from the Indian Ocean is at first sight most surprising of all— in its being smaller than the Australian total. I have included in this Indian Ocean region, the Red Sea, and islands, &c., as far south as Mauritius, and as far east as Singapore. Granted that the Australian marine flora is well known, it must also be urged that the Indian Ocean as thus delimited has been by no means neglected. Allowing that, of the two regions, Australia is the better known, even then the result is surprising when we consider the similarity of the physical conditions occurring in the Indian Ocean and West Indian regions — and the enormous extent CATALOGUE OF MABINE ALGJE OF WEST INDUN REGION. 803 of the Indian Ocean region, compared with the coast-lines ol Eastern, Southern, and Western Australia, and the S. Pacific islands. If we trace the Gulf Stream and the Equatorial current to its source, we travel up-stream round the Cape of Good Hope, and arrive at the coast of Western Australia. Is this great current to he admitted as a factor in solving the problem ? Against it one may hear urged that the Cape total is lower than the Australian, but against this objection is the further fact of the small coast-line of the Cape. However this may be, the Indian Ocean region has, both relatively to Australia and relatively to its total flora, surprisingly little in common with the West Indies as regards species. If we take the genera, which are either confined to the tropics or are almost exclusively represented in the tropics, we shall find, speaking broadly, that the genera of marine Algae are the same in the East Indies as in the West, while the species are in a very high proportion different. When we regard these regions shut in by continental areas, and not much less effectively by areas of low temperature in the ocean, there is a strong temptation to rush at once to a conclusion that the tropical genera of Algae are thus proved to be of immense antiquity, while the species are comparatively recent. However convenient such a conclusion might be, it would be rash to assume its truth on this evidence alone. When these oceans have been more thoroughly explored, and their forms more critically studied, it will be time to debate the question. But the evidence is strong enough at present to warrant our briefly considering its position. Admitting the enormous antiquity, in a geological sense, of the continental areas — their "permanence," as one writer puts it — as beyond question an insuperable barrier to the mingling of tropical marine forms, we may yet ask. Does this hold good of the ocean temperatures ? The changes and variations of climate in the northern and southern hemispheres are admitted by all to have been both far-reaching and of great duration. It is also generally admitted that an important agent in determining such variations of climate, or, at all events, a constant accompaniment of such, has been change of direction of the great ocean currents. Let us suppose in the past — a past by no means so remote as the age of continents — a more genial chmate in the southern hemisphere, and we at once obtain conditions suitable for the migration and mingling of the marine forms of tropical oceans by way of the Cape of Good Hope. It will be seen that this reduces to (in geological sense) comparatively modern times the latest age during which continental areas formed no insuperable barrier between tropical seas. It may now be said that this argument tends to bring the age of the tropical species down to comparatively recent times. It may bear that interpretation to those who choose to make it, but I would emphatically point out that it by no means forces us to make it. I have dwelt at this length on this aspect of the question because it appears to me that we have here one of the most interesting points in the distribution of plants, and one on which further labour may be hopefully expended. I 304 CATALOGUE OF MARINE ALG^ OF WEST INDIAN REGION. hope to follow up at an early date this West Indian Catalogue with one of the Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean, towards which I have already amassed much material, and made numerous determinations. Finally, to return to the West Indian Kegion proper, I would venture to point out that the 347 species recorded as peculiar to the West Indian marine algal flora, out of a total of 788 species composing the flora, is hardly a proportion that will stand. The advance of knowledge will doubtless lead to their distribution being extended, and it may be anticipated that this will be more the case than the discovery of new species within the region itself. Still it must be admitted that there are great portions of the region that have never been explored by the collector of Algae, and outside the Islands we know hardly anything. The coast of the Gulf of Mexico has been ascertained to be barren, but the whole of the north coast of South America is absolutely a blank, but for a few species from La Guayra, and it may well repay examination. Appended is a list of authorities geographically arranged : — Venezuela (La Guayra). — Liebman. Quoted in Kiitzing's ' Species Algarum,' and in Harvey, Nereis Bor. Amer. Grenada. — Murray, in Herb. Mus. Brit. Barbadoes. — Dickie, in Linn. Soc. Journ. (Bot.), xiv. Martinique. — Monta!ihfifiU)n. Maclagan, J. McGrigor (fl. 1851). * On Colchicum autumnale,' Edinb. Montlily Journ. Med. Sci. xiii. 1851, 501; xiv. 1. R. S. C. iv. 165. Maclagan, Philip Whiteside (fl. 1847). M.D. Of Canada. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 341 * Plants collected in the line of the Rideau Canal, Canada West,' Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. 11 (1847). E. S. C. iv. 165. Macleay, Alexander (1767-1848): b. Eoss-shire, 24th June, 1767; d. Sydney, N. S. W., 18th July, 1848. F.L.S., 1794; Sec, 1798-1825. F.E.S., 1809. Colonial Sec, N. S.W., 1825-1836. Entomologist. ** A practical botanist," E. Brown. Proc Linn. Soc ii. 45. Oil portr. by Lawrence at Linn. Soc Madeaija Br. Narcissus Madeaii Lindl. Macleay, William Sharp (d. 1864-5). M.A. F.L.S., 1821. Zoologist. ' Laws regulating Insects and Fungi,' Linn. Trans, xiv. 46 (1822). R. S. C. iv. 168. McNab, Catherine (1812-1857) : b. Edinburgh, 1812 ; d. Dailly, Ayrshire, 1857. Daughter of Wm. McNab. * Botany of the Bible,' Edinburgh, 1850-51. Prepared sheets of ' Object Lessons in Botany.' McNab, Gilbert (1815-1859) : b. Edinburgh, 26th Nov. 1815 ; d. St. Ann's, Jamaica, 21st Jan. 1859. Son of Wm. McNab. M.D., Edinb., 1836. Orig. Memb. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 1836. Practised and collected in Jamaica. Assisted Macfadyen in his ' Flora of Jamaica.' Plants at Kew and Edinburgh. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. 354. McNab, James (1810-1878): b. Richmond, Surrey, 25th April, 1810; d. Edinburgh, 19th Nov. 1878; bur. Warriston Cemetery, Edinburgh. Son of Wm. McNab. Curator, Bot. Gard. Edin- burgh, 1849-1878. Orig. Memb. Bot. Soc. Edinb. ; President, 1872. Contributed to Bot. Mag., Sweet's Brit. Flower Garden, Edinb. Philosoph. Journ., Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., Garden, &c. E. S. C. iv. 170; viii. 300; Journ. Bot. xvi. 382 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xiii. 381; Gard. Chron. 1871, 1033; and, with portr., 1878 ; ii. 661. Life, with portr., in ' Garden,' xii. (1877). McNab, Robert (fl. 1842). Of the Bridge of Earn. 'North British Cultivator : a treatise on Gardening, Agriculture, and Botany,' 1842. McNab, William (1780-1848): b. Dailly, Ayrshire, 1780; d. Edinburgh, 1st Dec. 1848. Gardener at Kew from about 1800. Superintendent, Edinburgh Bot. Gard., 1810-1848. A.L.S., 1825. Pritz. 200; E. S. C. iv. 170; Gard. Chron. 1848, 812; Cott. Gard. i. 165; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 52; Bot. Gazette, i. 53. Portr. at Kew. Macnahia Benth. (1832) = .Va6mLehm. (1831). Macrae, James (fl. 1823-1830). Gardener. At Bot. Garden, St. Vincent's, 1823. Collected for Hort. Soc, 1824-1826, in Sandwich, Galapagos, and other islands. Chili, and Brazil. Superintendent, Ceylon Bot. Garden, 1827-1830. Lasegue, 455 ; Trans. Hort. Soc. vi. p. iii. Macnea Lindl. = Viviania. Macraca Hook. f. = LipocJiatd. MacrcBa Wight = Pliyllanthus. Macreight, Daniel Chambers (fl. 1820-1868). B.A., Dublin, 1820. M.D., Dubhn, 1827 ; Oxon, 1828. F.L.S., 1833. Lecturer on Bot., Middlesex Hospital. Orig. Memb. Bot. Soc. Lond., 1837. 'Manual of Brit. Bofc.,' 1837. Collected in Ireland, Eng. Bot. 2770. Pritz. 200 ; Jacks. 234. Macreiyhtia A. DC. = Maba. 342 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISlS. Madden, Edward (d. 185G): d. Edinburgh, June, 1856. Lieut.- Colouel, Bengal Artillery. Pres. Bot. iSoc. Ediub. F. R.S.Ed. Collected in Simla and Kumaon. ' Nepal Plants,' Trans. Bot. See. Edinb. v. 116. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 1856, 45. Maddenia Hook. f. & Thorns. Maidstone, Nathaniel (fl. 1696-1707). Sent plants from China and India to Petiver. Herb. Sloane, lix. Ayscough Cab. 948. Main, James (c. 1775-1846): b. Edinbm-gh?, circ. 1775; d. Chelsea, 1846. A.L.S., 1829. Of Edinburgh. Collected in China, 1792-94. Afterwards employed by Hibbert. Edited Paxton's ' Horticultural Register,' 1835-36. 'Vegetable Physi- ology,' 1833. 'Popular Bot.,' 1835. Account of Chinese voyage in Paxton, Hort. Reg. 1836, 62, &c. Pritz. 201; Jacks. 577 ; R. S. C. iv. 192 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 303. Maingay, Alexander Carroll (1836-1869) : b. Great Ayton, Yorks., 25th Oct. 1836 ; d. Rangoon, 1869. M.D., Edinburgh, 1858. Collected in N. China, Burmah, Malaya, &c. Journ. Bot. 1870, 63 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xi. 36 ; R. S. C. viii. 309. Plants, MSS., and drawings at Kew. Mainfjaija Oliv. Malcolm, William (fl. 1778-1805). F.L.S., 1805. Nurseryman. Of Kensington. ' Catalogue of Plants,' 1778. Malcomia Br, Mangles, James (fl. 1839). Captain R.N. ' Floral Calendar,' 1839. Sent Swan River plants to Lindley. Pritz. 202 ; Jacks. 213. Manglesia Endl. Mangles, James Henry (1832-1884): b. 1832; d. Haslemere, Surrey, 24th April, 1884. Son of preceding. F.L.S., 1874. Grew Rhododendrons. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1883-86, 106. Mangles, Robert (fl. 1839). Brother of James Mangles. Of Sunninghill. Introduced many W. Australian plants. Sent Swan River plants to Lindley. Manqlesia Endl. Mann, R. J. (fl. 1840-1856). ' Fl. of Central Norfolk,' Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. (1840) 390. ' Guide to Vegetable Kingdom,' 1856. Jacks. 44 ; R. S. C. iv. 216. Manningham, Rev. Thomas (d. 1750) : d. Slinfold, Sussex, May, 1750; bur. Slinfold. M.A. D.D. Rector of Slinfold, 17 n. Prebendary of Westminster. Friend of Dillenius. "Really curious and diligent botanist," Sherard in Rich. Corr. 180. R. Syn. iii. Pref. Introduced rare plants at Slinfold, ' Sussex Archfeological Collections,' xxxiii. 198. Mantell, Gideon Algernon (1790-1852) : b. Lewes, Sussex, 1790 ; d. Clapham, 10th Nov. 1852. F.L.S., 1813. F.R.S., 1825. M.D. Practised in Lewes, Brighton, and Clapham. Palasoutologist. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 235 ; Jacks. 577; R. S. C. iv. 219. Maplet, Rev. John (d. 1592). B.A., Camb., 1563. M.A., Camb., 1567. Rector of Gieat Lees, Essex, 1568 ; of Northall, Middle- sex, 1576. 'A Green Forest ....,' 1567. Pult. i. 86; Jacks. 26; Cooper, Athen. Cantabrig. ii. 135. Marcet, Jane, vcc Haldimand (1785-1858) : b. Geneva, 1785 ; d. London, 28th Jnne, 1858. ' Conversations on Veg. Physi- ology,' 1829. Pritz. 203 ; Jacks. 577. SHORT NOTES. 343 Marsden, William (1754-1836) : b. Verval, Ireland, 16th Nov. 1754 ; d. Edgegrove, Herts, 6th Oct. 1836. F.R.S. Secretary to the Admh-alty, 1795. Collected m Sumatra, Bencoulen, 1771-1779. 'History of Sumatra,' p. 94, &c., 1783 (plates by E. W. Marsden), 1810. Plants at Brit. Mus. Letters in Banks. Corresp. vi. (29th Oct. 1789), &c. Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 29. Marsdenia Br. Marsh, Rev. Thomas Orlebar (fl. 1797). Of Bedford. F.L.S., 1797. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (t. 499). Marshall, Henry (fl. 1823-1836). Surgeon to the Forces. In Ceylon. ' Coco-nut tree,' Edinburgh, 1832. Pritz. 203 ; Jacks. 208 ; R. S. C. iv. 250. Marshall, Humphrey (1722-1801) : b. West Bradford, Pennsyl- vania, 10th Oct. 1722; d. same place, 5th Nov. 1801. Cousin of John Bartram. Founded Marshallton Bot. Gard. ' Arbustum americanum,' 1785. Plants in Herb. Brit. Mus. Jacks. 359. ' Memorials of John Bartram and H. M.,' 1849. Marshallia. Marshall, James (fl. 1695-1705). Surgeon. Sent plants from Virginia to Petiver (Mus. Pet. n. 178) and Plukenet (Amalth, 102). Marsham, Robert (1707-1794): b. 1707; d. Stratton, Norfolk, 4th Sept. 1794. F.R.S. Papers on growth on trees in Phil. Trans, li.-lxxi. (1751-97). Kept Calendar of Nat. Phenomena more than fifty years. Banksian Correspondence, vi. Martin, George Anne (1807 ?-1867) : b. 1807 ; d. Ventnor, 7th Jan. 1867. Of Ventnor. F.B.S.,Edinb., 1836. M.D.,Edinb., 1837. ' Underchff of I. of Wight,' 1849. Jacks. 254 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. ix. 90. Martin, John (1783 ?-1855) : b. Tyldesley, Lane, 1783?; d. Tyldesley, 13th Aug. 1855. Hand-loom weaver. ''An accurate botanist," Sir W. J. Hooker. Phyt. i. 199; Cash, 108; Buxton, Bot. Guide Manchester, xiv. Martin, William (1767-1810): b. Mansfield, Notts., 1767; d. 1810. F.L.S., 1796. ' Petrificata Derbiensia,' 1809. Martyn, John (1699-1768) : b. London, 1699 ; d. Chelsea, 1768. F.R.S., 1727. ProfessorofBot., Cambridge, 1733-1761. Friend of Dr. Sherard, 1719. Translated Tournefort's * History of pi. .... about Paris,' 1720. Founded Bot. Soc, Lond., 1721-26. Lectured in London, 1729. ' Methodus pi. circa Cantabrigiam,' 1727. ' Historia pi. rarior.' 1728-1732. Herbarium bequeathed to Cambridge Univ. Pult. ii. 207 ; Rees ; Pritz. 206 ; Jacks. 578; Memoir by Thomas Martyn, 1770; Gorham ; Vol. of correspondence in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Martynia. (To be continued.') SHORT NOTES. Welsh Records, 1889. — The following species are not in Top. Bot. Ed. 2, for 48 Merionethshire, N. Wales : — Cardamine hirsuta, Drosera intermedia^ Menyanthes trifoliata^ Scutellaria yalericulata, 344 hackel's andropogone^. AnwjaUk tenella, Salix repens, Scirpus fluitans, Carex lepidocarpa, Phragmites communis, Aira pracox, all by the Festiniog Road; Salix repens, near Llyn Llagi, east of Llyn Dinas. For 49 Carnarvon- shire: Polygala depressa, bank of Llyn Dinas ; LEnanthe JiuviatiUs, Llyn y Gador, side of road to Carnarvon ; Lactuca muralis, queried in Top. Bot. ; plentiful by side of road near Pen y Guryd, Carnarvon. — F. C. Roper. A Correction. — In August I recorded Hieracium ^^melano- cephalum'' for Argyle. Mr. Hanbury and myself, on visiting the locality this summer, could not find that plant, but H. gracilentum in plenty. The two are much alike in a dried state, but a fresh examination of last year's specimens leads us to refer them to graci- lentum. The original record must therefore be cancelled. — Edward S. Marshall. Erica vagans near Bournemouth. — In the ' Flora of Hamp- shire,' Mr. Townsend speaks of this heath having been found in two spots near Bournemouth, but beyond the Hants border. It may be well, therefore, to put on record the fact that it now grows in Hants, on the moor near Bournemouth, at a distance of about two miles from the localities described by Mr. Townsend. Having been directed to this place a few weeks ago, I found three clumps of the plant, each covering about a square yard of ground, and one of them at a distance of some twenty yards fi'om the other two. They looked as truly native as the other common heaths growing around, and if originally planted there (as seems most likely), they evidently do not dislike the home provided for them, as they are flowering freely and obviously spreading. I have not heard of the recent occurrence of this species in Dorset, and so far have looked for it there in vain. But it is so abundantly planted in Bourne- mouth gardens, that it may well occur in more places than one in the heathy districts near, without any intentional interference with nature on man's part. — W. Moyle Rogers. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Monographia Fhanerogamurum ; edit. Alph. et Cas. DeCandolle. Vol. VI. — Andropogone^. By Edouard Hackel. 8vo, pp. 716 ; 2 plates. Paris, G. Masson. April, 1889. Prof. Hackel has undertaken the grasses for the DeCandolle • Monographiae ' ; the present volume contains the first tribe, the AndropogonecB, i.e., 425 species oat of 4000. It is an admirable performance, it involves the resolution of very numerous difficulties, and the way in which some of these are resolved may be discussed here without any intention to assert that the author has sometimes chosen the more objectionable of two dilemmas. Hackel accepts the limits of the tribe Andropogonem exactly as fixed by Bentham in the ' Genera Plantarum' (one species, Cleistachie, being added) ; and he accepts very nearly the genera as defined by Bentham, the principal difference being that Sorghum, Chrysopogon, HACKEL's ANDROPOGONEiE. 346 and Heteropogon, admitted as genera by Bentham, stand as sub- genera of Andropogon. Hackel also understands by a "species" pretty nearly what Bentham did ; thus the old cultivated Sorghums are but a single species, Andropogon Sorghum Brotero. The subjoined table shows the arrangement of the tribe by Hackel : — Species of the Tribe Andropogone^. Genera. Species. Old World. New World. Subtribus I. DimerievE 1. Dimeria 13 13 Subtribus II. SaCCHARE/E 2. Imperata 6 2 5 3. Miscanthus . . . 7 7 4. Saccharum 12 8 4 5. Erianthus 18 13 6 6. Pollinia 29 29 7. Spodiopogon ... 5 5 8. Polytrias 1 1 9. Pogonatherum . 2 2 Subtribus III. IsCHjEMEJE 10. Apluda 1 1 11. Ischsemum 42 39 3 12. Lophopogon ... 2 2 13. Apocopis 2 2 14. Eremochloa . . . 8 8 15. Thelepogon . . . 1 1 Subtribus IV. Kottboellie.e 16. Vossia 1 1 17. Urelytrum 2 2 18. Rhytachne 4 4 19. Rottboellia 28 20 10 20. Manisuris 1 1 1 21. Ophiurus 4 4 22. Ratzeburgia ... 1 1 ... Subtribus V. Eu ANDROPOGONEiE ... 23. Trachypogon ... 1 1 1 24. Elionurus 15 8 7 25. Arthraxon 8 8 26. Andropogon . . . 196 138 70 27. Cleistachne . . . 1 1 28. Themeda 8 8 29. 30. L A> Iseilema ; 5 1 Germainia 'DROPOGONE^ TOIA ! 425 336 107 346 hackel's andropogone^. It is noteworthy that the whole thirty genera occur in the Old World— only nine in the New. One-fourth of the species occur in the New World, and, of these, seventy belong to the genus Anclro- pofjcn. Of the total 425 species, twenty-eight occur both in the Old and New World— in the main forming a connection between Tropical Africa and Equatorial America. The AndropogonecB are thoroughly tropical ; it is true that a dozen species extend to Europe, two or three to Canada, one to Amurland, while on the other limit a few occur at the Cape and in Argentina ; but the whole strength of the tribe, in number of individuals as well as of species, is found in the Tropics and below 5000 ft. altitude. In the definition of the five subtribes of Androimgonea;., and of their genera, Hackel lays stress on nearly the same characters as Bentham, i.e., principally on the inflorescence ; he finds, however, that, in the frequent case of paired spiculae, one sessile fertile, the other pedicelled imperfect, it is a character of small import whether the pedicelled spicula be male, sterile, rudimentary, or obsolete. On the other hand, he finds without exception that the subtribe Isch(imc(B are separated from the subtribe Eu-Androjwgonea by having the sessile spicuhie 2-flowered, i.e., having the lower flower always male, whereas in the subtribe Eu-Andropof/onecE, the third glume (representing the lower flower) never contains stamens. This is the more remarkable, as in the Panicums, in one and the same species, the lower flower often varies, male or sterile. We have lately heard a good deal of the emx^loyment of ana- tomical characters in systematic work, and we have seen some very crude attempts by anatomists to reconstruct a whole suborder on one anatomical character alone : what should be aimed at is to give the cellular arrangement seen in a cross-section of the stem its due weight (and no more) in the sum of characters which determine the systematic position of the plant. In the AndropogonecB, Hackel has repeated and extended Kling's investigation into the anatomy of the roots ; he has also examined cross-sections of the leaves of 100 species, and he finds in each case the results of no practical use for systematic purposes. In describing the spiculae of grasses, Hackel follows the new terminology adopted by Bentham, and not the old terms which were accurate enough for R. Brown, Trinius, and Kunth. Herr Hackel gives his reasons at pp. 21 and 22 of his Introduction. He explains that the 8rd glume (reckoning from the base of the spicula in the AndropogonecB) is a deckspelze (bract) homologous with the lower empty glumes, and is, therefore, called Gluma III. through- out the book. It may sometimes contain a male flower, or often may be empty (or contain a pale only) ; the next glume above, Gluma IV., contains a perfect or female flower. It is therefore very wrong to call Gluma III. and Gluma IV. lower pales, as has heretofore been the custom ; it is worse to treat them as parts of the flowers ; and yet more wrong to call Gluma III. a sterile or tabescent flower in those cases where no trace of a flower is in its axil. So far our author. But something may be said in defence of hackel's andropogone^. 347 the old plan. In describing a Pua we used to say, " spicul^e 5-6- flowered " ; and then we require a term for the flower plus its deckblatt and vorblatt ; if we may not use "flower" for this, we must invent " anth," or some new term. But is it so indefensible to include the bract and bracteoles in the term flower ? Eichler well remarks that those, who argue that the term flower ought to be restricted to the essential organs of reproduction, viz., the pistil and stamens, cannot easily be answered. If, in Malvacece, the calyx is reckoned a part of the flower, why not the epicalyx ? Is the calyx other than a false whorl of leaves very near the flower ? The usage of terms, as of the term flower, may conveniently be varied somewhat in different orders. The further objection is taken that, when we call the uppermost flower in a spicula of Poa or the lower in a spicula of Andropogon tabescent, we feign an existence and a suppression — we do not describe an actuality, but hazard an inference — we are speculating, not honestly describing. But does not Prof. Hackel violate his own law when he says, " Gluma III. nulla, Gluma IV "? Surely his fourth glume must become the third when the third is *' nulla." The fact is that good inference is the soul of descriptive botany ; the question is whether our inference is good. I have no objection to Hackel imagining the suppression of the third glume —neither, indeed, to Kunth imagining the suppression of a flower in its axil. The analogy of "lower" forms, both animal and vegetable, might suggest that the spicula of Poa anciently consisted of a number of exactly similar limbs ; that the two lower have become with advantage to the fertility of the spicula permanently sterile, while the uppermost glume of the spicula may be pistillate-barren, male, or empty. This is surely preferable to anything that sug- gests that the "Gluma III. vacua" in Andropogonece is on its geological course towards becoming a male, and subsequently a perfect, flower. The real objection, however, to the introduction of a new terminology is (that to the introduction of an improved logical alphabet) that we have to learn both the old and the new, and have extra labour every time we compare a genus in Kunth with a genus in Hackel. To students, the mastering a double system of describing Grasses is confusing and distasteful. A sufficient ground for starting a new system is that the old is so cumbrous or so strongly suggestive of fatally erroneous conceptions that it is imperative to throw it over at all cost. And the question as regards Grasses is (in the judgment of many) open whether that is so. The description of the 425 species occupies more than 600 pages. The "species" being understood in a Benthamian sense are afflicted with numerous varieties ; the species Andropogon Sorghum Brotero occupies twenty pages with forty-two vars. (some of these vars. divided again into sub varieties). It is rarely that we gain much by the reduction of an old species to the rank of a variety : if the species can be absolutely sunk in another, we do gain much ; but, if it is merely degraded to the rank of a var., we have to write four or five words to name it, instead of three. The author who reduced 348 hackel's andropogone^. it to a var. has put us to this extra toil in order that his " species" may be of nearly equal value (a hopeless aim). The most novel and the most questionable feature in Hackel's volume is in the handling of the subordinate divisions of genera — the subgenera, sections, subsections, &c. Alph. DeCandolle has laid down that, in a genus, let us say, of sixteen species not divided into subgenera or sections, all the characters that apply to the whole sixteen species shall be placed in the description of the genus, and none of these characters shall be repeated in the diag- noses of the species, which latter ought to be strictly diagnostic, I. e., separating the species from each other. This plan avoids repetition and looks fair, and Hackel carries it out logically down through all his subdivisions of genera — down to subsubsections and lower. In the lowest group, the diagnosis of a species thus will contain only the trivial characters which distinguish it from the closely-allied few (in Hackel usually 1-5) species in the group ; the essential characters of the species will be scattered through the headings of the subsections, sections, subgenera. These headings also, on the Candollean principle (ridden to death), include as much as possibly can be averred of all the species beneath them, i. e., they are as full as possible ; for example, one on p. 232 contains 196 words ; they frequently contain more than 100 words. If it is wished to check a specimen of Isclmmum latifolium Kunth by the book, on turning to p. 236 we find no diagnosis, because the species is the only one in the subsection ; to get its diagnosis we add the characters oiHio those of ** (p. 234), to those of /3 (p. 232), to those of b (p. 211), to those of A (p. 202). It is true that, by this arrangement, repetition has been avoided, and the principle of DeCandolle pushed to its logical limits. To use the book, even in a genus like Ischamum, it is necessary first to draw up on a sheet the characters of all the sections, subsections, &c., so that it may be seen what the different headings are contrasted against. The genus Andropofjon on this system is so appalling that it may be fairly doubted whether many botanists, before the next monographer of Andropogonece, will sufficiently master it to work with it in naming plants. The author has in this single case so far condescended as to give a "Conspectus Subgenerum " at the head of the genus; otherwise he has left each botanist to make his own tabular views of the sections, &c. Few experienced herbarium-workers can make much use of Planchon's AmpelidecE on taking it up to name thereout a few Vines ; it requires to study it a fortnight or so before you can work w^th it. Hackel's volume is certainly easier to work with than Planchon's ; still it is to be feared the volume will be of little use to botanists, except those few who can give up several days to one tribe of Grasses. But for what object has this fearful dis- location of the essential chariicters of species been submitted to ? Merely to avoid repetition ! These characters might, in the manner of Kunth, be placed in tlie diagnosis of each species in four to six lines of print, without a letter of the book being otherwise altered ; the book would have been lengthened at most by thirty pages ; or the diffuse "descriptions" might have been made three or four lines shorter each, in which cnse the book would not have been hackel's andeopogone^. 849 lengthened. Another twenty pages might have been advantageously devoted to "Conspectus Sectionum et Subsectionum." With the same object of compression, Hackel in general cites only the original authority for each name ; he claims thus to have gained space for a full description (the descriptions are often a page long), which may be assumed to contain all the valuable additions made to our knowledge of the s^Decies by subsequent (not cited) authorities. It may nevertheless be doubted whetlaer the new plan is an improvement on that adopted by Kunth and most experienced authors. The citation of secondary authorities is some guide to the geographic distribution, and Hackel's AndropogonecB requires every aid in this department. As to the full-page descriptions, few persons will find time to wade through and verify them. The omission to completely reduce Kunth causes trouble in various ways ; for example : a species, " hirta Linn.," is located by Kunth in Central America and the United States; in the new Mono- graph, the species ^' hirta'' is not recorded further north than Mexico. Then the United States botanists commence writing to Europe to discover "what has been done" with Kunth's United States hirta. With the same object of compression (?), the prepositions and particles are omitted to an extent that loses the reader time. On p. 177 we have a diagnosis, " P. imberbis : culmo internodiis hinc sulco profundo exaratis ; articulis pilis ipsis 5-6-plo brevioribas apice evanidis laxissime ciliatis ; arista spicula subduplo longiore vel nulla." It will take many readers anxious thought to discover whether the articuli are ^ or 5 times the hairs, and to construe culmo. The diagnosis does mean " culmi internodiis a sulco profundo in altero latere exaratis ; articulis a pilis quam sunt ipsi 5-6-plo brevioribus, &c." So on p. 90 we read, " Racemi bini, digitati, fasciculati," in which, according to the genius of the Latin tongue, we should in English supply " and " between the adjectives ; but the word meant to be supplied is "vel." These two cases are not picked as proofs of accidental errors ; the Latin is done throughout on this principle. The number of errors in grammar is perhaps not greater than occur in many English botanic works, but the errors are both many and striking for the work of so learned a German ; such as (top of p. 189), " Eeliqui Spodiopogones Triniani etiam inter Ischasma invenies." (How is etiam to be translated ?) Mere misprints are too numerous. It is curious, in a European (not a German) treatise to find Wallich's "Oude" changed to "Aude"; why Sikkim is spelt with an h is not clear, as the German Atlases usually spell it correctly, " Sikkiui," which is the form universally adopted in Botany (Sikkimensis). But these are trifling blemishes (perhaps better left unnoticed) in a work of such magnitude and excellence. The matters above disputed are open questions, and Prof. Hackel is well able to maintain his own view. The serious drawbacks to the botanic value of the work all arise from the fact that the author was unable to visit the herbaria of Western Europe, especially of England ; this is especially unfortunate in the case of a tribe abundant in Tropical Asia and Africa. We see numerous Grasses described, from a single example, 350 hackel's andropogone;e. of which there are large bundles in the great English herbaria. It follows, first, that the area of many species is most imperfectly given ; secondly, that Hackel's description is a j)hotograph of a particular form, and does not cover the material already in hand ; thirdly, that many species well represented and long known in the English herbaria are not included in the book at all ; fourthly, that a vast number of trifling varieties are characterised which a larger series of examples shows not worthy separate notice (much com- pression might have with advantage been attained here) — they have really no characteristics at all, but such as pass by gradation into the next ; fifthly, where Hackel has an authentic example and a good species, he is liable to rely on characters which larger material show to be not essential. To give any full illustration of these assertions is impossible in a notice of reasonable compass ; one instance may be shortly described. A critical series of Indian PolUnia is treated (p. 157), and is divided primarily according to the colour of the hairs on the joints of tlie racemes, which may be white [section a] (or in the subsection violaceous), or may be golden [section h] . The last species of this series described is P. vehttina (i. e., Erianthus velutinus Munro MS.), of which Hackel had a single specimen authentically named by Munro, and wiiicli he describes as having the sheaths and leaves " glaberrimae." Now, of this species there are two large bundles at Kew ; from these it is evident that the colour of the hau's on the joints of the racemes is not an absolute character (nor the degree of hairiness of the sheaths and leaves). The great part of Munro's " velutinus " is P. quadrinervis Hackel, with the sheaths and leaves hairy. P. velutina Hackel is a Khasi plant, not separable from a golden-haired form of P. speciosa Hackel (in Munro's sorting). Hackel has another new species, P. hirtifolia (with violet hairs), founded on a single specimen collected '* Simla at convalles," which (in Munro's sorting) would be a mere form of P. quadrinervis, in which species violet hairs are common. Now, granting that Hackel is right in dividing Munro's single species into four, he can hardly be right as to the characters on which these four are to be maintained. A similar dilemma as to characters arises in Arthraxon, a small genus of eight species, which Hackel divides primarily into Triandri and Diandri. He then founds one sub- species placed in Diandri on Wallich n. 8836 the whole of which at Kew is triandrous, as are also the types of two other forms placed by Hackel among Diandri. It may be doubted whether the cha- racter derived from the number of stamens is to be relied on, any more than the hairiness of the top of the culm (the character used to subdivide the Diandri). A great many more doubts could be started concerning the observations and methods in this great work, but its general excellence is such that it will be long before it is superseded. Hackel is admittedly of all living men the right man to monograph Gramina. He has a full grasp of the order both as a whole and in all its details, so that his work is in the best sense conservative — he has not been led away to start a number of new genera, or to give ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 351 such weight to new characters that the preceding arrangement is so transformed that we cannot find where the species have got to. His volume is an extraordinary testimony to the genius of Bentham ; it is marvellous that it should have been possible to follow in all essentials the ' Genera Plantarum ' so closely. The good wishes of all botanists must accompany Prof. Hackel in the accomplishment of a task, tremendous indeed, but to him most delightful — the arrangement and description of all known Grasses. C. B. Clarke. Under the title of ' Science and Scientists,' the Rev. John Gerard, S. J., proposes to publish a series of six pamphlets dealing in a popular but not unscientific way with the writings of some of the more popular exponents of Darwinism. In the first number, " Mr. Grant Allen's Botanical Fables," Father Gerard has an easy task : and he demonstrates, amusingly enough, the manifest in- accuracies and groundless assumptions on which Mr. Allen's con- clusions are too often based. We hope to notice the series as a whole when completed : meanwhile we may call attention to the present instalment, which is published by the Catholic Truth Society, 21, Westminster Bridge Road, S.E., price one penny. We note with pleasure the first step in the direction of improve- ment in the bibliographical portion of the ' Annals of Botany.' The "List of Books and Pamphlets" in the most recent issue (dated August, issued late in October) contrasts favourably with its pre- decessor, and approximates to what such an enumeration should be ; and we are not without hope that our further suggestions will be attended to. We note that, although the list is headed " 1889 (January to June)," it contains a large number of works dated 1888, such as Stewart and Corry's 'Flora of the North-east of Ireland,' which was noticed in this Journal for September of that year. Articles in Journals. Bot. Centralblatt. (Nos. 40, 41). — R. Hesse, * Zur Entwickelungs- geschichte der Hymenogastreen : Leucogaster Jioccosus, n. sp., (2 plates). — 0. Juel, ' Koeniga islandica.' — (No. 41). T. M. Fries, * Stenanthus curviflorus.' — (Nos. 42, 43). P. Kummer, 'Die Moos- flora der Umgegend von Hann.-Miinden.' — (No. 43). C. Councler, ' Aschenanalysen verschiedener Pflanzen und Pflanzentheile.' Bot. Gazette (Sept.). — H. M. Richards, ' Uredo- stage of Gy^nno- spormujimn ' (1 plate). — H. L. Russell, ' The Temperature of Trees ' (1 plate). — T. Morong, ' Paraguay and its Flora.' Botanische Zeitung (Sept. 27). — J. H. Wakker, * Bau und Dickenwachsthum des Stengels von Abrus precatorius' (1 plate). — (Oct. 4, 11, 18). B. L. Robinson, * Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Stammanatomie von Phytocrene macrophylla.' Bull. Soc. Bot. France (xxxvi. : Comptes rendus 5 : Oct. 1). — A, Seignette, ' Sur les tubercules du Spiraa Filipendula et du 352 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. Veratnim alhim: . ifemery, * Epanouissement, veille, et sommeil des 23erianthes.' — E. Cosson, Sporobolus Tourneuxii & S. IcBtedrens, spp. nn. — H. Hua, Anemone nemorosa var. anandra. — T. Caruel, 'Le ** Flora Italiana" et ses critiques.' — L. Mangin, ' Sur la membrane du grain de pollen miir.' — J. Vallot, 'Le Rabougrissement des arbres des cultures japouaises.' — P. Maury, ' Procedes japonais pour obtenir des arbres nains.' — E. Bastit, ' Comparaison entre le rhizome et la tige feuillee des Mousses.' — L. Daniel, * Structure anatomique comparee des bractees florales, des feuilles verticales, et des feuilles engainautes.' — J. Poisson, * Sur un Champignon rapporte au genre Mylitta.' . Hy, 'Presence in Anjou de V Equisetum littorale.' . Luizet, ^ Aceras anthropophora x Orchis militaris.' — A. Chabert, * Sur la Flore d'Algerie' {Allium Tourneuxii, Cladium Durandoi, spp. nn.). . f^mery, * Sur les variations de I'eau dans les perianthes. . Doumet-Adanson, * Sur un Sapin hybride.' — P. Brunard, ' Champignons des environs de Saintes.' — C. Degagny, * Origine nucleaire du Protoplasma.' Bulletin Torrey Bot. Club (Sept.). — E. L. Scribner, 'N. American AndropogonecB.' — (Oct.). N. L. Britton, Rusby's S. American Plants [Dalea boliviana, Coursetia boUciana, Astragalus capitellatu^, Desmodium Mandoni, D. Yungasense, spp. nn.). — A. F. Foerste, ' Nasturtium lacustre' (1 plate). — J. F. James, 'Colour as a distinguishing feature.' — T. D. A. Cockerell & N. L. Britton, ' Classification of slight varieties.' — T. Morong, ' The Mandioca.' Gardeners' Chronicle (Oct. 19). — Sansviera subspicata Baker, n.sp. — 'Prohferous Raspberry' (figs. 62-64). Journal de Botanique (Sept. 1). — A. Franchet, 'Deux nouveaux genres de Bambusees ' (Glaziophyton smd Microcalamus). — P. Hariot, * Sur le genre Cephaleuros.' — (Sept. 1, 16 ; Oct. 16). E. Heckel, ' Recherches physiologiques sur la germination des graines.' — (Sept. 16). A. Franchet, ' Sur le genre Guaduella: . Hy, ' Sur les procedes pour representer la distribution geograpliique des plantes.' — (Oct. 16). J. Costantin, ' Culture du Nyctalis asterophora.' — P. Maury, ' Le trac6 des Cartes de Geographie botanique.' Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. (Oct. 10). — E. Armitage, 'Appunti sulla flora deir isola di Malta.' — A. Terracciano, * La flora della Basilicata.' — G. Cuboni, ' Le forme teratologische nei fiori di Dlplotaxis eru- coides.' — C. Massolongo, ' Una nuova varieta di FruUania dilatata.' — A. N. Berlese, ' Note intorno al Polyporus hispidus.' — U. Martelli, ' Taphrina deformans.' — G. Arcangeli, * Sopra alcune Epatiche rac- colte in Calabria.' Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschnft (Oct.). — H. Zukal, ' Ueber die Entste- hung einiger Nostoc- und Glceocajjsa-F ormen.' — J. Freyn, ' Plantaa Karoanse.' — V. v. Borbas, ' Ueber Arten der Gattung Tilia mit sitzenden Bracteen.' — F. I{j:asan, ' Kalk und Dolomit in ihrem Emflusse auf die Vegetation.' Scottish Naturalist (Oct.).— J. Stevenson, Notice of M. J. Berkeley. J. W. H. Trail, ' Revision of Scotch Discomycetes.' — A. Bennett, Nitella batrachosperma in Britain. T8L"b.292 R.Morgan lifh. ■W.H.P. del . ^. "Vw^Q^a?- West.Newmaii imp. L ei eune a Ro s s e tti ana 353 A NEW BEITISH HEPATIC. By W. H. Peakson. (Plate 292.) Lejeunea (Cololejeunea) Rossettiana Massal. — ^^Dioica? intricato-caespitosa, minuta, flavo-viridis, habitu et magnitudine Lejeiineam calcaream omnino referens, examphigastriata ; caide subdichotomo, vel subpinnatim diviso, subtus plus minus radicel- loso ; foliis dense imbricatis, convexulis, ovatis, apice magis minusve longe attenuato-acuminatis (rarias solum acutis), acumine plerumque infiexo, margine facieque externa eximie echinatis ; lohiilo folio minore subtriplo, ad plicam tumido, margine sub- rotundato, inaequaliter valideque spinuloso, tota superficie (externa) ad foliorum instar echinata (appendice styliformi inter lobulos et caulem nulla) ; cellulis fol. lobulorumque leptodermibus ; poly- gonalibus in papillam conicam sat alte promineutibus ; perichatiis subsessilibus,/oZus involucralibus conduplicato-bilobis, margine den- tatis, superficie echinatis, lobo dorsali acuto, ventrali vulgo minore et obtuso ; colesula ad speciem stipitata, pyriformi, apice pentagona, ore mucronata, tota face mucronata ; infl. (^ ?." Massalongo in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. vol. xxi. p. 487, Lugiio 1889, emend. Dioicous, minute, growing in closely-matted tufts of a yellowish green colour, often growing in company with Lejeunea calcarea, which it resembles in size and habit. Stems subdichotomous or subpinnate ; rootlets of a pale colour, proceeding from the base of each leaf, or obsolete. Leaves imbricate, patent at an angle of 50-60°, somewhat convex, ovate, with their apices more or less attenuate-acuminate (rarely only acute), usually incurved, margin denticulate, exterior surface echinate ; lobule from half to a third smaller than the leaf, tumid at the keel, then nearly flat, margin subrotund, not incurved, unequally dentate-spinulose, exterior surface echinate Iflie leaves, cells very minute, 4-5 and 6-angled, walls distinct, without trigones, papillte conical, one to each cell ; styliform appendage to the base of the leaf wanting. Folioles none. Female flowers on short branches, subtended by an innovation ; bracts similar to the leaves, only larger; lobule more finely dentate-spinulose ; bracteole wanting. Perianth projecting more than half beyond the bracts, oval to pyriform, muricate, upper portion obtusely 5-angled. Male flowers unknown. Measurements. —Stems about 5 mm. long, -1 mm. diam. ; leaves -45 x -25, lobule -225 x -15 mm., -45 x -275, lobule -225 x •15 mm.; cells -0125 mm. ; papillae -0125 long x -01 mm. at the base; bract -5 x -25, lobule '25 x -15 mm.; perianth -6 x -45 •55 X '4 mm. Hab. — Growing on limestone rocks, amongst mosses, and often intermingled with L. calcarea. England : Limestone Cave, Gor- dale, 10th July, 1857; 3rd July, 1872, Dr. Carrington. Miller's Dale, Jan. 1882; Winnats, March, 1882; Ravensdale, May, 1884; Derbyshire, Mr. G. A. Holt. Ireland: Near Dublin, 1830, Dr. Taylor. Mucross Demesne, Killarney, May, 1861, Dr. Carrington. JouENAL OF Botany. — Yol. 27. [Dec. 1889.] 2 a 354 ARENARIA GOTHICA FRIES, IN BRITAIN, Obs. — Differs from Lejeimea cat car ea Lib. by its dioicous inflore- scence, more opaque texture, slightly larger size, leaves a little more spreading, echinate lobule with its margin much more dentate - spinulose, and not incurved, as in L. colcarea, whose margin cannot be seen without dissection, and by the entire absence of the styli- form appendage usually found between the stem and the leaf of calcarea. This distinct species, first discriminated by the Italian botanist. Prof. Massalongo, from specimens collected in Italy by Dr. Rossetti, has been confounded by British botanists with L, calcarea, but from which, by the above-mentioned characters, it is seen to be abundantly different. Dr. Carrington has been kind enough to place at my disposal his extensive collection of Lejeunece, and I find that the original specimen of Dr. Taylor's Lejeimea echhiata is none other than the species of Prof. Massalongo, and is accurately figured in Hooker's 'British Jungermanisa,' Suppl. t. iii., as Jimgermania hamatifolia var. echinata. Dr. Spruce informs me that the type-specimen of Madam Libert's species is the true L. calcarea, having the styliform appendage, smooth lobule, &c. ; and all specimens distributed in the various Exsiccata I have had the opportunity of examining (G. et R. Hep. Eur. 46, 283, 328, 365 ; Crypt. Bad. 474 ; Massal. Hep. It. veil. 15) are true calcarea, with the exception of those in SuUiv. Muse. Alleghan. 275, and Aust. Hep. Bor. Am. 99, which are to be referred to Lejeimea Biddleconiice Aust. Herb. ; and the specimens named Lejeimea echinata in Drummond's ' Mosses of North America,' which belong to quite a different species. I have to thank Dr. Carrington for the loan of specimens, and Dr. Spruce for help in the preparation of the paper and the notes printed, by an accident, in the last number of this Journal. Explanation of Plate. — Fig. 1, Plants, nat. size. 2, stem, antical view, X 24. 3, portion of stem, postical view, x 64. 4 — 7, leaves, x 64. 8, portion of leaf, X 290. 9, papillae, x 290. 10, bract, x 64. 11, perianth, x 31. 12, cross-section of perianth, x 31. 13, apex of perianth, x 31. 14, leaf of L. calcarea Lib., showing styliform appendage (after Massalongo). ARENARIA GOTHICA Fries, IN BRITAIN. By William Whit well. My brief note in the October ' Journal ' reported the dis- covery of Arenaria gothica Fries, at Ribblehead, in the vice-comital division of Mid-West Yorkshire, by Mr. Lister Rotheray, of Skipton, on the 12th of June last. Mr. Rotheray noticed, near the Ribble- head railway station, two patches of white flowers of a kind not before known to him, which proved on examination to be an Arenaria, but the species of which he could not determine, though he suspected it to be ciliata. He collected a number of specimens, both at the time of his first observing them and on his return to the station at the close of the day's excursion. The plant was afterwards submitted for the opinions of ARENABIA GOTHICA FRIES, IN BRITAIN. 355 Prof. Babington and of Mr. F. Arnold Lees, the author of the ' Flora of West Yorkshire.' Prof. Babington named it Aretiaria norverjica Gunn., as also at first did Mr. F. A. Lees. The latter informed me of the "find," in a letter dated July 17th. In two days this letter was followed by another, and Mr. Lees therein expressed a doubt whether, after all, norvegica was a true determi- nation, pointing out certain features distinguishing the Ribblehead plant fi'om norvegica as described in books, and from ciliata. Two specimens were enclosed in the second letter, which I was asked to take to Mr. Arthur Bennett, of Croydon, for his opinion upon them. I went to Croydon on the evening of the same day — July 20th — and had a long conversation with Mr. Bennett, who seemed at first to think that the plant was norvegica. Leaving the speci- mecs, I went for an hour's ramble, and on returning to Mr. Bennett's house was met by him with the pleasant announcement that they were undoubtedly Arenaria gothica Fries, and that thus a new plant, of great interest, had been added by Mr. Kotheray to the British Flora. He had compared them with Fries' original description and with authenticated Gothland specimens sent to him in 1882 by Dr. Nilsson. Mr. Arnold Lees visited Ribblehead, in company with Prof. Jefferson, of the Yorkshire College, on the 11th September, and found Mr. Piotheray's locality — hundreds of plants growing there — and also a second locality, with three plants only noticed then (but the day was unfavourable to careful and extended search), between 300 and 400 yards away. Both are roadside spots — of 7nacle ground, covered with small stones (limestone and slaty frag- ments) of the size of a walnut and under. The companion growth was of Areyiaria serpyllifolia, Sagina nodosa, smalV^Capsella, with a little grass and moss ; no introduced plant was near. The first spot is within the railway precincts but below a high embankment and well away from its base. The second is on the opposite side of the railway, and the embankment effectually prevents any conveyance of seeds from one point to the other by the wind. The station buildings, a porter's cottage, and the Ribblehead Inn, are near at hand. This particularity of localisation may be dangerous to the plant, but it is necessary for the proper discussion of the question of its indigeneity or otherwise. The roads were made about fifteen years ago. The neighbouring natural surface is partly peat-moss and partly stony moorland. Ribblehead is a station which stands at a height above the sea of about 1000 ft, upon the great Midland Railway gradient. No foreign cargoes or ballast are delayed or unloaded there. My friend, Mr. Arnold Lees, is consequently of opinion that the plant is not a mere casual. It grows in the only kind of spot in the neighbourhood likely to be suitable to it. He hopes another year to be able to trace the source of the road-metal used about the station, and possibly so, and by further exploration of the district, to track the species to its original Yorkshire home, if such there be. That it is really native to the Ribblehead region he is confident, unless it has been knowingly, deliberately introduced there. 2a2 356 ARENARIA GOTHirA FRIES, IN BRITAIN, Only a botanist, however, would be likely to understand the value, or to possess the seeds, of so rare and little-known a form as (jothica or norvegica. And surely, now that the importance of the study of distribution is so fully recognised, no botanist lives, capable of committing the scientific crime of creating false facts to lead investigators astray. Yet there are traditions, at any rate, that such things have been, — and we know how even high-minded Eobert Dick, of Thurso, confused somewhat the botany of his home-county, by transplanting favourite plants from their original stations to others like them, supposing that in so doing he was serving truly the interests of his fellows. I have said " gothica or norvegica'' above, because Mr. F. A. Lees holds the view — as does Mr. J. G. Baker — that A. norvegica^ ciliata, and gothica, really are one species; and he has expressed the idea that seeds of the Unst norvegica, sown in a high, dry (comparatively), and barren spot like that at Ribblehead, would originate a series of plants less succulent, more tufty, with more drawn-out leaves, increased apiculus, and longer peduncles, corres- ponding to the gothica form. He negatives ciliata seeds as possible originals, because of the absence of the characteristic ciliation and the greater fleshiness, — this, too, on limestone like that of Ben Bulben, at an equal height, and in a spot where, as at Ben Bulben, other plants tend not only to preserve but to increase the growth of hairs and cilia. Mr. Arthur Bennett, with characteristic kindness, has obli- gingly given me the following very full particulars of the synonymy, bibliography, distribution, and distinctive features of A. gothica. Arenaria gothica Fries, Mant. ii. pp. 33 — 34, 1839, et Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 158, 1846. A. gothica Fr., Flor., Dan. Supp. fasc. i. t. 15, 1853. A. gothica Fr., Zetterstedt, Om vaxt pa Vestergotlands, p. 44, 1876. A, ciliata L. /?., Wahl. Flor. Suec. p. 295, 1831, in Kongl. Vet.- Acad. Handl. (Stockholm). A. ciliata L. /3. Wahl., Nyman, Bidr. Gottlands Fl. p. 141, 1842. A. ciliata L. /3. 7 fugax Gr. et Godr. Fl. Fr. vol. i. p. 259, 1848. A. ciliata L. /3. gothica Fr., Eisen & Stuxberg, Gotlands Faner. och Thall. p. 29, 1869. A. gothica Fr. Hartm. H. Skan. Fl. ed. 11, p. 243, 1879. Distribution : — Sweden : In the I. of Gotland ; Kraklingbo, about halfway on the road from Hiedeby, going towards the north- east side of Thorsbergen ; Visby ; Fleringe near Harn ; Fiiron ; on the mainland at Kiunekulle, in West Gothland. Switzerland* : Borders of the Lake Joux. England ; Ribblehead. First found by Eosen (Gotland), and again by Hr. Hogberg in 1840. "Arenaria gothica caulibus e basi ramosa erectis teretibus simplicibus, alis nudis, foliis ovalibus lanceolatisque abrupte acu- * Named as France in Gr. and Godr., but the lake is clearly in Switzerland, Canton Vaud. ARENARIA GOTHICA FEIES, IN BRlTAIJ^. 3o7 minatis glabris, basi attenuata subciliatis, sepalis carinatis petalis capsulaque ovata brevioribus. — Herb. Norm. v. No. 34. A. ciliata /3. Walil. Suec. n. 509, a. Hartm. Scand. — utroque loco quoad spec. Westrogotb. et Gottland. In petris calcareis Vestrogothise, nempe in Kinnekulle in Martorps Klint, etc. ; etiam Gothlandiae lecta." Fries, Mant. ii. p. 33. Kocb, ' Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv.,' ed. 2, p. 128 (1843), observes:— ** Arenaria gothica Fries, Nov. Fl.Suec. mant. ii. p. 33, in dit. nostrse nondum lecta, est species quasi intermedia inter A. serpyllifoliam et A. ciliatam. Eadicem, liabitum et folia A. serpyllifolicB, flores vero A, ciliatcB babet." Mr. Bennett remarks tbat tbis plant is to be compared witb A. ciliata L. and A. norcegica Gunn., to wbicb, witb tbe continental A. multicaidis (L.) AVulf., it is closely allied. It would probably have been ranked, at tbe most, as a sub-species by Dr. Boswell. Nyman, in bis * Bidr. till Gottlands Flora,' makes it a var. of ciliata, but in bis ' Conspectus Fl. Europ.' p. 115, it stands as a species next to serpylUfolia, and witb two species between it and ciliata, of which norvegica is there made a sub-species. With A. serpylUfolia it could scarcely be confounded. From ciliata it may be separated by the leaves being sparser, and not appressed to the stem in the lower part (as they usually are in ciliata) ; the veins are not nearly so prominent ; the armature of the stem is much more like that of serpylUfolia than ciliata ; the capsules are larger and longer, and the seeds are larger. From norvegica it may be known by the whole surface of the plant being more hairy, with transparent gland-like hairs, the margins of the leaves more ciliated, with curved hairs ; the seeds more compressed, smaller, and not so dark (or perhaps the present specimens have not fully ripened?). Grenier and Godron's description of their " /S. ? fugax " is "Racine annuelle or bisannuelle, sans tiges steriles fasciculees ; petales egaux au calice ; styles plus courts ; cahces fructiferes plus gonfles. A. fugax Gay in herb." The term " without barren stems" must be held in the Gotland plant anyhow, and possibly in the others, to be only a partially true one : small stems do occur which in July show no signs of flowering, though they might do so by September, and I (Mr. Bennett's words are still quoted) have seen no late autumnal states of any of the plants. It would be well if seeds of all four forms could be sown in the same soil and grown under similar con- ditions, to prove the permanence of the variations or their loss by reversion to what was probably the original type, A. ciliata. Two of the specimens from Ribblehead sent to me by Mr. F. A. Lees show each a large number of long slender shoots crowned by flowers, springing from between the short-stemmed crowded ripe capsules of the earlier growth. The others bear occasional flowers as well as capsules, but these seem to be not so much a special second growth as straggling late members of the first. Recurring to the question of habitat, Dr. N. H. Nilsson, of Lund, Sweden, informs Mr. Bennett that he has gathered A. gothica Fries, at 25 to 30 feet above the sea-level, growing between stones and on calcareous rocks, with all the common Gotland plants, 358 AEENARIA GOTHICA FRIES, IN BRITAIN. such as Aspcnda tinctoria, Jasione montana, Sclercnithus, Potentilla coUina, Cerastiiun r/lutijiosum, Poa bidbosa, Melica ciliata, Sedums, &c. At the time of the discovery of the plant in June it was in full flower. When Mr. Lees visited Ribblehead it was in abundant, mostly ripe, fruit, though, as already noted, still bearing occasional flowers, and with, in at least two instances, luxuriant blossoming upon a second crop of stems. Some of the specimens attained a height, or spread, of 2h inches from the base of the stems. In these more elongated ones the stems were mostly fewer than in the others, and usually becoming much branched upwards. But the majority did not exceed 1|- inch, and were densely tufted, branched from the base itself. Mr. Arthur Bennett suspects the presence of A. gothica near Grasmere Lake, in Westmoreland. On the occasion of my first visit to him with the Eibblehead Arenaria, he showed me a fragment of an unknown plant which came to him in a gathering of Potamo- ffcton ohtusi/olius, made at Grasmere by Mr. Roper, of Eastbourne. While we were examining the A. gothica together, he detected a likeness between the unidentified fragment (a barren shoot only) and the specimens before us. Mr. Martindale has been good enough, at his request, to search part of the ground about the lake for A. gothica, but his quest has hitherto been in vain. Since 1 wrote the foregoing pages, Mr. J. G. Baker has favoured me with the information that he also visited the Ribblehead locality in September, finding it easily from Mr. Rotheray's directions. He says : — '* The locality is not satisfactory as regards nativeness. It is a road close to the railway station. But this is not a plant likely to have been introduced, and I expect it will be found on some of the neighbouring hills." On the question of the comparative rank of the plant Mr. Baker is very explicit : — " I have now carefully compared it with our (Kew) series of neighbouring forms. The conclusion I have come to is, that fugax, multicauUs, norvegica, SLiid gothica are mere varieties of ciliata. Type ciliata is very widely spread. It extends from Greenland, Spitzbergen, and Nova Zembla, southward through the Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees, to Central Spain, North Italy, and Transylvania. Multicaulis and norvegica I make to be varieties told off in high latitudes and altitudes ; fugax and gothica annual lowland varieties. Some of the Ribblehead specimens are undistinguishable from norvegica, some from gothica. Distribution of the collective plant in Britain is very curious." Still later, I have received an interesting letter from Mr. N. E. Brown, of Kew. He has carefully examined the Ribblehead plant with Fries' authentic specimens and his original description of A. gothica, and Gunneri's original description and figure of A. norvegica. He concludes that gothica and norvegica are but varieties of ciliata. The Ribblehead specimens agree " to a hair " with the specimens and description of A. gothica, differing from A. norvegica in having the leaves ciliate at the base and in being altogether more distinctly puberulous on the stems. The sepals also are distinctly carinate as described by Fries, whilst he saya those of A. iiorvegica THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS. 35^ are 3-nerved, but this character requires to be checked by living specimens of both plants, as some dried specimens of norverjica also appear to have carinate sepals. *' Thus far it would seem to be ^. fjothica, but Fries states that after ripening the seed the whole plant oi (jothica dies and disappears, whilst norveyica is perennial. The question therefore is, Is the Ribblehead plant annual or perennial ? If it prove annual, we may accept it as being A. gothica ; but if it prove perennial, it seems to me that we have a plant possessing all the structural characters of r/otJiica, coupled with the perennial habit of norvegica, and that we should look upon it as one plant with two habits." THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS.* Second Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. A. W. Wills [Chairman), Mr. E. W. Badger, and Professor Hillhouse, /or the purpose of collecting information as to the DisappearaJice of Native Plants from their Local Habitats. By Professor Hill- house, Secretary. The Committee has given its attention in the first instance to Scotland, and appends hereto such portion of the materials placed at its disposal as, for any reason, it considers desirable to publish. It has excluded a considerable number of plants of little interest, and especially such as the records show to be recent introductions, casuals, escapes, &c., the loss of which is only a return, therefore, to an earlier, but still recent, state. There is little doubt that the list, even thus restricted, will be considerably amplified hereafter. The plants recorded are numbered in accordance with the ' London Catalogue,' ed. 8, in which the distribution census of each plant will be found. Nearly all of the records are on the authority of some competent botanist resident in the locality, and whose initials, or some distinguishing initials, are appended. As has been pointed out by more than one correspondent, scarce plants occa- sionally well-nigh disappear in particular seasons, and hence the records of other than frequent visitors are not fully reliable. The attention of botanists is particularly drawn to the records under the numbers 52, 264, 374, 406, 570, 575, 687, 910, 932,993, 1018, 1020, 1478, 1695, and 1772, as giving examples of divers ways, often very curious and interesting, in which plants can become extinct. The attention of the Committee's correspondents has been in the main confined to complete or threatened extinction ; but in addition to this there is a general consensus of opinion that the rarer and more conspicuous Alpine plants are less abundant than they used to be. Amongst the localities specially mentioned are Clova and Ben Lawers ; such plants (in addition to those given in the list) as Saxifraga cernua, Alsine rubella, Gentiana nivalin, &c., are notably less frequent than twenty years ago. Strange rumours have been * Bead at the British Association Meeting (Section D.) 1889. 3G0 THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS. communicated to the Committee as to tlie disappearance of plants fi-om accessible habitats within the range of some of the deer " forests," but it is unable to verify these statements. Most of the correspondents agree, however, that the injudicious action of botanists themselves, and of botanical exchange clubs, has been a potent factor in the changes which have taken place. It is too often forgotten that the very rarity of a plant is the sign, and m great degree also the measure, of the acuteness of its struggle for existenpe, and that when a plant is in a state of unstable equilibrium with its environment a small disturbance may have disproportion- ately great effects. It will be observed that the *' dealer " and "collector" figure largely, especially in connection with the disappearance of ferns. Thus one of the correspondents indicates (and offers to name) a dealer who has extirpated, or well-nigh extirpated, a considerable number of species in the district of Dumfries, and whose conduct he had brought under the notice of the local Natural History Society, of which the correspondent is secretary. " He had also removed and sold almost all of the plants of Xyfiiphcea alba from the lochs of this district before discovery ; but now I am happy to say he is forbidden access to any estate in this district under penalty of prosecution for trespass." The attention of Natural History Societies may well be drawn to this case, as it happily illustrates at the same time one phase of the disease and a cure. " Summer visitors " do not appear to be directly responsible for much damage, as their wanderings are probably over too restricted an area to produce much effect. There is no doubt, however, that they provide the larger portion of the customers of the ** collector," and so are indirectly answerable for his ravages. The temptation to bring home some rare and beautiful fern, like Asphlium [Poly- stichum) Lonchitis, as a relic of a northern trip, is too great to be resisted, though something may possibly be done by persuading tourists that equally good plants, taken up with all proper care, and at a season when transplanting is not dangerous, can be obtained from any great fern nursery, for a price which is practi- cally lower, often much lower, than that charged upon some High- land railway platform or roadside. The Committee feels, however, that neither local dealers nor their customers are as a rule amenable to any ordinary appeal or to sentimental considerations, and would suggest therefore that the local Natural History Societies or Field Clubs should keep careful guard over any rare plants to be found within their respective spheres of action, and by appeal to the owner, or in other preferable way, should endeavour to effect their preservation. At the same time many correspondents draw attention to the insertion by gardening periodicals of the advertisements of collecting dealers, and express the hope that the amount of revenue derived from these advertisements is not so great as to negative the possibility that the gardening journals may be induced, by discontinuing their insertion, to strike a heavy blow at a process which is depriving many districts of our land of one of their chief natural beauties. THE DISAPPEAEANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS. 86l 39. Trollius eiiropmis, L. Extinct in Mid- Aberdeen, &c. (W. W. and J. M.). 52. Nymplima alba, L. Almost extirpated from lochs in the district round Dumfries by a dealer (J. W.). Has disappeared from the district of Birnie, near Elgin, by drainage (G. and T. A.). 58. Meconojjsis cambrica, Vig. Believed to be extirpated from banks of Water of Leith and Currie, Midlothian (G. A. P.). 59. Glaucium Jlavum, Crantz. Recorded in 1776 for seashore at Bay of Nigg, near Aberdeen, but not since 1800 (J. W. H. T.). Found sixty years ago at Montrose Links ; not now (R. B.). 184. Dianthus Jrmeria, L. Occurred, though not abundantly, in rough pasture near Glencarse Station, Perthshire ; has been entirely destroyed through the cultivation of the ground (F. B. W.). This was one of its most northern stations. 207. Lychnis Viscaria,Ij. Blackford Hill, Midlothian ; now very rare (G. A. P.). Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh ; supposed to be extirpated (G. A. P.). 208. Lychnis aljnna, L. Is now becoming rare in its habitats on Clova Mountains (G. A. P.). 263. Hypericum jjerfuratum, L. Formerly grew plentifully near Cromarty Nursery, but has ceased to exist, as the ground is now used for agricultural purposes (T. A.). This was one of its most northern stations. 264. Hypericum quadrangulum, L. Has wholly disappeared from the vicinity of Fortrose, Ross-shire, having been eaten by cattle or trodden down (T. A.). This was one of its most northern stations. 368. Lotus pilosus,Beeke. Extinct round Alford, Mid- Aberdeen- shire, from cultivation (W. W.). 374. Oxytropis uralensis, DC. Grew in abundance near Inver- gordon, Ross-shire, but on one occasion the medical man of the town saw a man digging it up with a trowel, and it is now extinct (T. A.). 375. Oxytropis campestns, DC. Rocks at Bradoony, Clova ; now very rare ; extirpated from all accessible parts of the rocks (G. A. P.).- 406. Lathyrus niyer, Wimm. Has well-nigh disappeared from its station at Killiecrankie Pass owing to the late guide to the Pass showing it to all tourists. An appeal to the proprietor might save the rest of the specimens, of which very few stations exist (F. B. W.). 501. Ayrimonia Eupatoria, L. Becoming very scarce in Glen Urquhart, Inverness-shire (Gr.). This was one of its most northern stations. 525. Pyrus Aria, Sm. One specimen only (? P. fennica, L.) know^n in Arran ; now lost through injury (G. A. P.). Lost also from one or two other stations on the Western Highlands, and now very rare in Scotland. * [The locality of this plant is Glen Dole — not Bradoony, which is at the mouth of Glen Dole. It was not " extirpated from all accessible parts of the rocks " during last summer, though a well-known botanist did his best to make the above statement true. — Geo. Murray.] $6^ THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS. 570. Scthim rejiexum, L. Found freely on a wall at Birnie, Elgin ; disappeared through repairs (G.). Not native. 675. Drosera coiglica, Huds. Extinct in Kincardine (M.). Extinct round Alford, Mid-Aberdeen, through drainage (W. W.). 677. Hlppuris vulgaris, L. Extinct round Alford, Mid- Aberdeen, but still appears on the borders of Banffshire. 611. Erijngium maritimum, L. Found in the early part of the century on the sandy coast at St. Cyi'us, near Montrose, and at St. Fergus, Peterhead, but extinct in both localities from unknown causes (J. W. H. T. and R. B.). 687. LiniKBii horealis, Gronov. Has been cleared from near Dingwall, Ross-shire, owing to the wood in which it grew having been cut down and the ground cultivated (T. A.). Formerly grew at Kingsmills, but has been destroyed through cultivation (G. A., Jide T. A.). These are two of the most northern British stations. 812. Silyhum Marianinn, Gaertn. Has gone from the rockg near Tarbet-ness Lighthouse, Ross-shire (D.). This plant is very rare in Scotland. 887. Lactuca {Mulgedium) alpina. This plant was found (probably abnormally) on the Coreen Hills at about 700 feet, but is now extinct (W. W.). 910. Vaccinium Oxycoccos, L. Formerly grew in a piece of mossy land on the uplands north of Mealfourvouny, a hill of Old Red Sandstone conglomerate above 3000 feet, but whether the plants were of recent introduction or last survivors, they have dis- appeared (Gr.). 926. Phyllodoce taxifoUa, Salisb. {Mefiziesia ccBrulea). The only British habitat of this plant is the Sow of Athol, and it has now been nearly extirpated, for sale (K. and F. B. W.). The habitat is within sight of a gamekeeper's house, so that its protection would be easy if the Duke of Athol, the owner, could be moved to that effect. 929. Pyrola media, Sw. Has disappeared from White Hills, Colvend, Kirkcudbrightshire, through sheep grazing (J. M. A.). 932. Moneses grandifiora, Salisb. {Pyrola unijiora, L.). Ex- tirpated from Woodhead Hill, Traqueer, Dumfriesshire (J. W.). Once not uncommon on the Muirhead of Scone ; now very rare, from extirpation by botanists and others (F. B. W.). Formerly abundant within four miles of Forres ; now extirpated ; also from the wood at Brodie, near Forres, from the wood being cut down, and from Coul Woods, near Strathpeffer. It is also disappearing from Rothiemurchen, in this case from the rapacity of collectors (K.). 945. Primula scotica, Hook. Marsh near Edinburgh, PentJand Hills ; practically extirpated (G. A. P.). 984. Aspertigo procuniheyis, L. Has not been found for some years near the village of Balnahuish, on the Dornoch Firth (D.). This was its most northern station. 993. Mertensia maritima, Don. Shingle at Bay of Nigg, Aberdeen ; almost extirpated from shingle being removed to form concrete blocks used in building a pier some years ago (J. W. H. T.). THE DISAPPEAKANOE OF BRITISH PLANTS. ^6^ 1006. Echium vulgare, L. Nearly extinct, through cultivation, in the Black Isle, between Inverness and Fortrose, Eoss- shire (T. A.). 1018. Atropa Belladonna, L. Has disappeared from Eenlop Abbey, near Birnie, by extraction, on account of the accidents it had caused (G.). Has not been seen for some years at the Old Kutt, near Ganlude (T. A.). This eliminates two of the few Scottish stations. 1020. Hyoscyamiis niger, L. Appeared in two or three places in the neighbourhood of Avoch, a fishing village on the Moray Firth, but disappeared in a few years. Informant ** thinks it would come up again if the ground were deeply trenched. Some years ago an old elm was blown down and the root blasted, and for two succeeding summers H. nifjer grew luxuriantly in the hole caused by the tearing up of the root of the tree " (S. B>.Jide T. A.). 1092. TJtricularia vidgaris, and 1094, U. minor, L. Extinct in Central Aberdeen (J. M. and W. W.). 1161. Ajiiga pyramidalis. Has disappeared from In. Achilty, Dingwall, Eoss-shire (T. A.). 1424. Paris quadrifolia, L. There is one station near the town of Inverness ; nearly extinct, through the publicity of its habitat, this being one of the chief resorts of the population (T. A.). This is one of its most northern stations. 1431. Juncus balticus, Willd. Lock of Park, and Links north of Aberdeen; never plentiful, and not seen for some years. Cause of disappearance doubtful (J. W. H. T.). 1457. Sparganium ramosum, Curtis ; 8. simplex, Huds. ; >S'. affine, Sch. ; and S, miniinum, Fr. All apparently extinct in Mid- Aberdeen (W. W.). 1478. Scheuchzeria palustris, L. The only Scottish station for this plant, a marsh near Methven (known botanically as *' Methven bog"), has been lost; perhaps from the outlet becoming blocked, so that more water collected than the plant could stand, but more probably from the settlement there of a large colony of about 3000 black-headed gulls, the result being the destruction of all but the rankest vegetation (chiefly Carex ampullacea). Very careful search- ing during the last three years has failed to show a trace of the plant (F. B. W.). 1590. Carex limosa, L. Has disappeared from Maxwell-town Loch, Kirkcudbrightshire, through drainage (J. M. A.). 1695. 2Ielica tiniflora, Eetz. Is not now found by the side of the burn at Golspie, Sutherland, probably from the hollow, caused by the upturned stool of a large tree which has been blown over, draining the spot where it grew (J.). This was its most northern Scottish station. 1766. Cryptogramme crispa, E. Br. (Parsley fern). Extirpated from several localities in the vicinity of Dumfries (J. W.). Abun- dant thirty years ago on an ancient hill-fortress near Brechin ; now extirpated by traders (E. B.). 1772. Asjilenium viride, Huds. Nearly extinct in district of Black Isle, between Inverness and Fortrose, through drainage and 364 THB DISAPPEAKANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS. cultivation (T. A.). Has been extirpated from its old habitats in Glen Urqubart, Inverness-shire, by an itinerant fern- collector -who squatted in the neighbourhood and took all he could find ; but new habitats have been discovered (Gr.). 1773. Asplenium Trichomaiies, L. Not now found in the woods of Knockespock Clatt, Mid- Aberdeen (W. W.). 1776. Asplenium germanicum, Weiss. Nearly eradicated from Steuton Kock, near Dunkeld (F. B. W.). 1777. Asplenium septentrional e, Hull. Probably extirpated or nearly so, from Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh (G. A. P.). Nearly eradicated from Stenton Rock, near Dunkeld (F. B. W.). 1779. Athyriwii alpestre, Milde. Now very rare in Clova Mountams and mostly in inaccessible places (G. A. P.). 1781. Ceterach o'ficinarum, Desv. Almost extirpated from Orchardtown Tower, Kirkcudbrightshire, by fern-hunters (J. M. A.). Used to grow on the walls of Drumlanrig Castle, one of the seats of the Duke of Buccleugh, Dumfriesshire, but not now found there (T. A.). 1782. Scolopendrium vulgare, Symons. Almost extirpated from several places in Kirkcudbrightshire by fern-hunters (J. M. A.). Extirpated from several places in the vicinity of Dumfries (J. W.). On the burns falling into Loch Ness there is now only one in which this plant is to be found, owning to the ravages of the itinerant fern-collector referred to under 1772. It still exists, however, in inaccessible stations (Gr.). 1783. Woodsia ilvensis, R. Br. Well-nigh extirpated by fern- hunters from the Moffat district (J. W.). 1787. Cijstopteris montana. This plant, though not at present really uncommon round Aberfeldy, will not improbably be made very scarce by fern-collectors. It has disappeared altogether from one of the stations in which it was first found in Britain (F. B. W.). 1788. Polystichiim Lonchitis, Roth. Almost extinct on Mealfour- vouny Mountain, Inverness -shire, through the action of fern- collectors, and especially of the one referred to under 1772 and 1782 (Gr.). Has been cleared from the Raven's Rock, near Strathpeffer, Dingwall, Ross-shire, by summer visitors (T. A.). Was plentiful near Castleton, Braemar, formerly, but the guides learned that they could sell it at a shilling a plant, and it is now difficult to get (T* A.). 1803. Fheyopteris {Puhjpodium) Robertiana, A. Br. ; Polijpodium. calcareum, Sm. Once abundant in the debris of an old limestone quarry near Aberfeldy, but now nearly eradicated. Fern-hunting visitors and tourists are largely to blame for this, but the destruction has been completed by persons who collect ferns for sale. That the species is not altogether lost in the district is, however, shown by the fact that a few weeks ago a local fern-hunter was offering plants for sale, and at the same time plants of 1787 Cystopteris montana (F. B. W., July, 1887). 1800. Osmiuida reyrdis, L. Has disappeared from Ballingear Glen, New Galloway, and from other places, as Colvend, through the ravages of fern-hunters (J. M. A.). Extirpated from several localities in the vicinity of Dumfi-ies (J. W.). Has entirely dis- JOHN BALL, F.R.S. 365 appeared from Loch of Park, and nearly from the cliffs south of Aberdeen, in both of which localities it was formerly plentiful. Fern-collectors are mainly responsible (J. W. H. ,T.). 1809. BotrycMum Lunaria, Sw. Formerly very local in the Pentlands ; now extirpated (G. A. P.). 1818. Equisetum hyeviale, L. Extinct in Mid- Aberdeen (J. M.). JOHN BALL, F.R.S. To give in a short space an adequate account of a long and varied life is never an easy task. And in my own case it is not made easier by the fact that my own personal acquaintance with Mr. Ball only dates back some fifteen years. Yet I would not willingly relinquish to another hand the task imposed on me by the Editor of putting together such facts as I have been able to collect in memory of one whom I shall ever regard as the most gentle, kind, and sympathetic of men. John Ball was the eldest son of the Rt. Hon. Nicholas Ball, sometime M.P. for Clonmel, Attorney-General for Ireland, and afterwards a Judge of the Irish Court of Common Pleas. He was born in Dabhn on August 20th, 1818, and was educated at Oscott, from whence he proceeded to Christ's College, Cambridge. His name appears in the list of wranglers in the mathematical tripos for 1839, but, being a Roman Catholic, he was then miable to take a degree. Christ's College is memorable to botanists as the place where Darwin and Berkeley also received their University education. In later years its botanical traditions have been renewed in Vines and Marshall Ward; and Francis Darwin, though educated at Trinity, is now one of the Fellows. The elder Darwin went to Cam- bridge in 1828, and was therefore in a University sense a good deal senior to Ball. I am not sure that, in after life, the two men ever even met, though in disposition and pursuits there was so much that would have seemed almost destined to draw them together. But, like Darwin, Ball owed the bent which he received for scientific studies to Henslow. That there was something almost akin to genius in the skill with which this remarkable teacher picked out the right men, and in the fascination which he exercised over them, I can hardly doubt. For we know, from Darwin's life, that it was effected not by academic teaching in the lecture-room, though that was clear and excellent, but by personal contact in excursions about Cambridge, in which the charm of every aspect of field Natural History was brought to bear upon delighted pupils. Cambridge to this day retains not a little of this tradition of direct personal mfluence. But it must have been strong in Henslow's hands if it rescued Darwin from being an " idle sporting man," and sobered the "wild Irishman" which those still living remember in Ball. He must, however, have had some previous scientific proclivities, as he accompanied Prof. Babington to the West of Ireland in 1835, an expedition of which the latter has given an 366 JOHN BALL, F.R.S. account in the ninth volume of ' Loudon's Magazine.' In this he refers to J. Ball, of Christ's College, as a geologist. I find amongst Sir W. Hooker's correspondence a letter (pro- bably about ISll) written on the point of a journey on the continent, in which he says : — " I intend studying in their native places the foreign species of Hieracium, a genus to which I have a good deal attended. I should much wish, if not too difficult a task, to do something for that troublesome genus." In 1843 Ball was called to the Bar, but, like Bentham, never practised. In 1846 he was appointed Assistant Poor Law Com- missioner. After severe work in Muuster and Leinster he resigned from ill health in 1847, and went abroad. In 1849 he was again appointed, this time as Second Commissioner. It was during the famine that he formed what was to be a life-long friendship with the late Mr. W. E. Forster. In 1852 he resigned, and was elected as Liberal member for Carlow. In 1855 he accepted office under Lord Palmerston as Under- Secretary of State for the Colonies. He held office but for two years ; but in after life he claimed, and with justice, that he had effected something in the meantime for scientific interests. A Colonial Minister can do much for the numerous botanical establish- ments scattered over the empire, and I find plenty of evidence that Ball did not leave their claims uncared for. He seems to have warmly supported Sir John Bowring in establishing the fine Botanic Garden at Hongkong. In 1856 the Government sanc- tioned a scheme for the preparation of a series of Floras or descriptions in the EngHsh language of the indigenous plants of British Colonies and Possessions. I have always understood, from what fell from him, that Ball had a chief hand in effecting this. To him also was due the despatch of Capt. Palliser's expedition to British North America, which first brought Sir James Hector to the front, and to which Ball succeeded in getting Bourgeau attached as botanist. I believe I am right in stating that a remote result of this expedition is the present Pacific Railway. In the general election for 1858 Ball contested the city of Limerick ; but he met with the fate which has not seldom befallen Irish Liberal politicians whose views have developed less rapidly than those of their party. He was defeated, and at once retired from pubhc life. That he felt the disappointment keenly I have no doubt ; but he never gave expression to this in a touch of bitterness, or ever referred to his electoral experiences, except for the sake of some good-humoured story. He cheerfully accepted his fate, and botanical and geographical science gained perhaps in the long run more than the political world lost. In 1856 Ball joined the Linnean, and in 1868 he was elected to the Boyal, Society. In a lecture delivered to the Royal Geographical Society in 1879, Ball remarks: — "A passion for mountain-scenery led me from my youth onwards to pass much of my time in the Alps, and to visit other mountain districts, such as the Carpathians, the Pyrenees, and the mountains of Southern Spain, to say nothing of the hills of our own islands." From a very early period he must JOHN BALL, F.E.S. 867 have worked at the exploration of the Alps with astonishing assiduity : and I find it difficult to account for the time which he must have devoted at the busiest part of his life to their minute topographical examination. Alpine travel forty years ago was almost inconceivably different from what it is now. The best maps were inaccurate ; means of locomotion were of the roughest, and inns there were none. I find that Ball was at Zermatt in 1845 ; its very existence was then almost unknown to civilized Europe. He has often told me that there was no lodging to be had, except at the doctor's, and this consisted of but three com- municating rooms. On this, or some other occasion, he wag occupied in the outer of the series after a hard day's collecting, when his door was thrown open to admit Boissier, with Madame de Gasparin and her sister, who had no other means of access to their own rooms beyond. The results of Ball's alpine work were published in the well- known 'Alpine Guide' (1860-65). Guide-books are so often mere compilations, that the production of one may seem to many no gi'eat feat. But Ball's book was in truth an essentially original investigation, in which all the resources of an accomplished naturalist were brought to bear upon a problem in scientific topography. The reputation of the book gains rather than diminishes by time. I cannot do better than quote from the most recent historian of Swiss travel, Mr. W. A. B. Coolidge, the following opinion of its merits : — " Speaking for myself, I may say that I have had twenty years' experience of this guide-book in those parts of the Alps least known even to Mr. Ball : and I wish to place on record my profound admiration of the amazing success with which the author has firmly grasped the main lines of the topography of the most unfrequented districts ; so that all his followers have had to do is to fill in the outline sketched by so masterly a hand. While Mr. Ball devotes his book in the first instance to climbing pure and simple, he is ever on the look-out for the geological and botanical phenomena of each district." There is a curious story which illustrates the minuteness of of Ball's topographical knowledge. In 1866 the Italians were baffled in an attack on one of the Austrian forts in the Trientino. Ball, whose sympathies were always deeply Italian, furnished the Italian staff with a plan of campaign, which was acted upon with immediate success, and for which he received the warm thanks of the Italian War Office. About 1859 I find Ball writing to Sir W. Hooker: — "I am w orking at a book in which 1 want to put the results of many years' wanderings — the title to be something like * The Mountains of Central and Southern Europe, and their Vegetation.' " The preparation of the ' Alpine Guide ' seems to have superseded this project. But Ball never ceased to work at the distribution of alpine plants, and some of the results of his studies are given in the lecture, already referred to, **0n the Origin of the Flora of the European Alps " (1879). In this he tells us : — " More than twenty years ago I began to tabulate the plants of the Alps, so as to show 368 JOHN EALL. F.R.S, the distribution of each species within the range of the Alps, and on the mountains of Europe. As the southern side of the main chain has the richest and most varied flora, and was at that time less fully known, I divided it into fifty districts, and set myself to collect materials from published works, from public and private herbaria, and mainly from my own repeated visits — this part of the work involving, in fact, the preparation of fifty local floras." One cannot but regret that Ball never saw his way to a work on the Alpine flora ; but some of his conclusions are indicated in the lecture. They were by no means in agreement with those which had been arrived at by Sir Joseph Hooker in his celebrated essay as to the relations of the Arctic and Alpine floras. This is not the place for a detailed criticism of Ball's views ; some of them will probably never meet with general acceptance. "What strikes me as important in them is his insistance on the persistence, and therefore great antiquity, of such floras as the Alpine. He points out " that a very large proportion of the Alpine flora is not easily diffused by existing modes of transport." This is a conclusion fundamentally opposed to that recently promulgated by Mr. Alfred Wallace. Ball, in Geographical Botany, has extended the geological doctrine of uniformitarianism, and therefore represents in some degree a reaction against the perhaps too facile tendency to regard floras as susceptible of wholesale transport. The same ideas are to be found applied to other problems in his various papers on South American Botany. Ball joined the Alpine Club within a few weeks of its first foundation. He was at once appointed its first President (1858-60). Its first publication, ' Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers,' soon brought the Club into distinction ; Ball was the originator, editor, and chief contributor to at any Tate the first series, which soon ran through four editions. In 1871 Ball accompanied Sir Joseph Hooker and Mr. G. Maw in an expedition to Marocco. The object was to investigate the flora of the Great Atlas, and determine its relations with those of mountainous Europe. If the results were in some degree negative, they were no less conclusive. The subsequent explorations of Mr. Joseph Thomson have shown that, though our knowledge of the species of the Atlas flora may be extended, its general facies has been ascertained. The narrative of the journey did not appear till 1878, and is mainly from the pen of Mr. Ball. The story is charmingly told : not one of the least curious incidents is the account (p. 229) of the sacrifice of a sheep to Sir Joseph Hooker while busily engaged in arranging his collections. To Ball was also due the admirable working up of the collections made on the expedition in his ' Spicilegium Floras Maroccause,' published in the 16th volume of the * Journal of the Lnmean Society ' (1877). This was his opus macjnum in Systematic Botany. In 1882 Ball made a tour round S. America, of which he pub- lished an account in 1887 in his * Notes of a Naturalist in South JOHN BALL, F.R.S. 360 America.'* In my judgment, for interest, vivid pictures of natural phenomena, and charm of style, there are few works that equal this, and hardly any that excel it. I place it confidently on my shelves, near to Darwin's ' NaturaUst's Voyage.' My friend Mr. Morris met Mr. Ball on the steamer at Barbados, and he kindly gives me the following pleasing reminiscence of the encounter : — '*As an instance of the influence which Mr. Ball exercised over those who came within his reach, I call to remembrance that while on the voyage to South America his ship touched at Barbados, where he went ashore. He was accompanied by a party of young men, who never before had taken much notice of plant-life. On this occasion, however, sharing the enthusiasm of Mr. Ball, they became ardent collectors of everything likely to be of use to him. In spite of the tropical heat, they did not return to the ship until it was about to sail, and they came back laden with specimens of all kinds, proud to share in Mr. Ball's pursuits. His charm of manner was irresistible, and he made friends wherever he went." This journey supplied the material for two important papers contributed to the Linnean Society : * Contributions to the Flora of North Patagonia' (1884), and ' Contributions to the Flora of the Peruvian Andes ' (1885). This too-brief sketch of a life of persistent and intelligent activity will not allow me to go farther into details of Ball's work. He was not a prolific writer of papers, though the number he produced in English and foreign journals is not inconsiderable. If he had a fault, it was that of excessive fastidiousness. He was much esteemed by continental botanists, and, though thoroughly imbued with modern English speculative ideas in biological science, his mode of work in systematic botany was rather that of the older continental school. Last year it was painfully evident to his friends that he was failing in health. But no one foresaw more than the necessity of his spending his winters abroad. He went in the late summer to the Engadine ; there he became seriously ill. He made his way with difficulty to Geneva for medical advice. His condition became so alarming as to necessitate his immediate return to England. He underwent an operation rather to palliate than to prolong existence, and from this he never rallied. He died at his house, 10, Southwell Gardens, at midnight on Oct. 21st, and was buried on Oct. 25th at the Catholic Church of St. Thomas, Walham Green. He was Treasurer of the Philosophical Club. A few years before his death he was elected an Honorary Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. Recent changes in the University had given his old college the power of conferring this distinction, which it had previously conferred on Berkeley, and which both greatly prized. A man of independent means. Ball spent much of his time on the Continent, or in travel, when not residing in London. His singular charm of manner and disposition, as already remarked, * From Buenos Ayres Mr. Ball introduced into European gardens the fine aquatic Sagittaria montevidensis (Bot. Mag. 6755). Journal o^ Botany.— Vol. 27. [Dec, 1889.] 3 8 870 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF HRTTIRH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. made him fast friends all over the world. The simple but delightful hospitality of his house made it almost unique in London society. Men of literary, scientific, artistic, or political distinction met on equal terms as they meet in few other houses : and to dine with John Ball came to be regarded as a pleasure which few would not take some pains not to forego. Wherever he moved, the almost sudden news of his death came as a personal blow to those who knew uhim. All such view with sorrow their inevitable severance from the most loveable of friends. W. T. Thisblton Dyer. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OP BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S. (Continued from p. 343.) Martyn, Rev. Thomas (1786 ?-1825) : b. Chelsea, 1736?; d. Pertenhall, Cambridge, 3rd June, 1825. Son of preceding. B.A., Camb.,1756. M.A., 1759. B.D., 1766. F.R.S., 1786. F.L.S., 1788. Prof. Bot., Cambridge, 1762. ' Plantae Cantab.,' 1763. 'Catal.Hort. Cantab.,' 1771. ' Flora Rustica,' 1792-94. Edited Miller's Dictionary, 1803-1807. Pritz. 207 ; Jacks. 578 ; R. S. C. iv. 270; Gorham; Nich. Anecd. iii. 156; Nich. lUust. v. 752; Gent. Mag. xcv. ii. 85 ; Journ. Hort. xxi. 1876, 76, with portr. Painting by Russel, engr. by Vendramini, 1799, in Thornton's Botany, also engraved by Holl, 1799. Copy at Kew. Mason (fl. 1696). Surgeon. Sent plants from Angola to Petiver (Mus! Pet. n. 176). Herb. Sloane, xxxii. pp. 99-118. Mason, Rev. Francis (1799-1874) : b. York, 2nd April, 1799; d. Rangoon, Burma, 3rd March, 1874. D.D., Brown University. In United States, 1818-1830. Missionary in Burma from 1830. ' Flora Burmanica,' 1851. Pritz. 207 ; Jacks. 379; R. S. C. iv. 276 ; * Story of a working-man's life' (autobiog.), 1870 ; Ripley and Dana, Americ. Cyclop. Masson, Francis (1741-1805 or 1806) : b. Aberdeen, Aug. 1741 ; d. Montreal, Dec. 1805, or Jan. 1806. F.L.S. , 1796. Gardener. First collector sent out from Kew. To the Cape, 1772-1773 ; the Canaries and Azores, 1778 ; the Cape and interior, with Thunberg, 1786-1795 ; New York and Montreal, 1798. ' StapeHas novae,' 1796. Rees; Pritz. 208 ; Jacks. 144 ; [R. S. C. iv. 279, but by error]; Journ. Bot. 1884, 114, 144; 1885, 227; 1886, 835; Smith Lett. ii. 117, 183; Linn. Letters, ii. 559; Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 333 ; Cott. Gard. viii. 286 ; Phil. Trans. Ixvi. ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 83. Plants and drawings in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Oil portrait at Linn. Soc. Massonia L. Masters, J. W. (fl. 1838-1848). Head Gardener, H.E.I.C. Garden, Calcutta, to 1838. * Calcutta Flora,' Agric. Soc. India Trans, vii. (1840); * Flora of Naga Hills,' Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF IJRITISH AND IKISH BOTANISTS. 371 xiii. (1844) ; ' Plants of Upper Assam,' Agric. Soc. India Journ. vi. (1848). Plants at Kew. E. S. C. iv. 280. Masters, William (1796-1874): b. Canterbury, 7th July, 1796 ; d. St. Peter's, Canterbury, 26th Sept. 1874. Nurseryman. Founded Canterbury Museum, 1823. Hon. Curator, 1823-1846. * Hortus Duroverni,' ed. 3, 1831. Hybridised Passion-flowers, Aloes, Cacti, &c. Had garden arranged on Natural System. Gard. Chron. 1874, ii. 437. Bust by Weekes in Canterbury Museum. Mateer, William (fl. 1836-1846). M.D. Prof. Bot. Belfast Academical Institution. Collected plants in North of Ireland. Stewart & Corry, ' Flora N.E. Ireland,' xv. Mathew, William (fl. 1793-1825). Of Bury St. Edmunds. F.L.S., 1797. Contributed largely to Eng. Bot. 1793-1799. Mathews, Andrew (d. 1841) : d. Chachapoyas, Peru, 24th Nov. 1841. A.L.S., 1825. Gardener at Chiswick. Collector in Peru and Chili, 1833-1841 : drew many of the plants he collected. Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 173; Lasegue, 255; E. S. C. iv. 282; Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 17, 305; Journ. Bot. 1834, 176; 1842, 392. Natheivsia Hook. & Am. Mathews, John (fl. 1788). Collected at Sierra Leone. * Voyage to Sierra Leone,' 1788. Vallot, *;fitudes sur la Flore de Senegal,' p. 24. Maton, William George (1774-1835): b. Salisbury, 31st 'Jan. 1774 ; d. Spring Gardens, London, 30th March, 1835 ; bur. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. B.A., Oxon, 1794. M.A., 1797. M.D., 1801. F.E.C.P., 1802. F.L.S., 1794. F.E.S. 'Uses of Pinus ' in Lambert's ' Pinus,' pp. 65-82. ' Natural Hist. . . . of Western Counties,' 1797. 'Animals and plants round .... Salisbury,' in Hoare's ' South Wiltshire,' p. 654. 'Nat. Hist. ■ Wilts' (posth.), 1843. Jacks. 259 ; E. S. C. iv. 285 ; Biog. Sketch, by Dr. Paris, 1838; Smith Lett. ii. 121 ; Munk, iii. 6; Nich. Illust. viii. p. xlv. ; Gent. Mag. 1837, i. 173. Monument, Sahsbury Cathedral. Bust at Linn. Soc. Portr. at Kew and at Eoyal Coll. Physicians. Matonia Br. Matthew, Patrick (fl. 1831). Of Errol, Scotland. ' Naval Timber and Arboriculture,' 1831. Jacks. 207 ; E. S. C. iv. 294. Maude, M. F. (fl. 1848). ' Scripture Natural History,' 1848. Jacks. 484. Maughan, Robert (fl. 1809-1841). F.L.S.,1809. Went to London, 1840. ' List of . . . rarer pi. . . . of Edinburgh,' 1810. Orig. Memb. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 1836. Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 215, 626 ; E. S. C. iv. 298 ; Greville, Fl. Edin. vi. Maund, Benjamin (1790-1863): b. 1790; d. Sandown, L of Wight, 21st April, 1863. F.L.S., 1827. Druggist and book- seller at Bromsgrove, Warwicksh. Contributed to Phytol. i. 45. ' The Botanist' [with J. S. Henslow] , 1837. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1863-64, XXX.; Pritz. 210; Jacks. 579; 'Botanic Garden,' 1825 (original drawings in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus.). Mavor, Rev. William Fordyce (1758-1837): b. New Deer, Aberdeen, 1st Aug. 1758; d, Woodstock, Oxon?, 29th Dec. 2 B 2 872 BTOGBAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 1837. LL.D., Aberd., 1789. Assistant in school at Burford, Oxford, 1775. Ordained, 1781. Vicar of Hurley, Berks, 1789; Stonesfield, Oxon ; Rector and Mayor of Woodstock. ' Botanical Pocket-book,' 1800. * Spelling-book,' 1801. Pritz. 210 ; Jacks. 35 ; Cott. Gard. viii. 221. [Mawe, Thomas. Gardener to Duke of Leeds. ' Universal Gardener and Botanist,' published in his name, but written by John Abercrombie, 1778. Johns. Gard. Diet. 220, 222.] Mawson, Thomas William (1850 ?-1876) : b. 1850?; d. Burn- ingham, Yorks., 16th Sept. 1876. M.D., Edinb. F.B.S.Ed., 1869. Went to Surinam. 'Ferns of Derwent,' Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xi. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xiii. 10. Maxwell, E. (d. before 1839). Lieut. 11th Dragoons. Collected in Kunawur, 1825. Boyle, Illustr. 52. Thalictriim Maxwellii Royle. Maxwell, G. (1805 9-1880): b. 1805 ? ; d. King George's Sound, 1880. Collector of plants and insects in Australia for thirty years ; Gard. Chron. 1880, i. 433. Fl. Austral, i. 14. Erio- stemon Maa-welli F. v. M. Maycock, James Dottin (d. 1839-40). Eesident in Barbadoes for many years. M.D. F.L.S., 1829. 'Flora Barbadensis,' 1830. Cat. of pi. in Halliday's * West Lidies,' 1837. Pritz. 210; Jacks. 369; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 72; E. S. C. iv. 305. Maycockia A. DC. Meen, Margaret (fl. 1790). Botanical artist. 'Exotic Plants from Royal Gardens at Kew,' 1790. Meeson, Henry Ashton (fl. 1836-1846). Of London. M.D. Memb. Bot. Soc. London. * On Formation of Leaves,' Ann. & Mag. iv. (1840), 137. Meller, Charles James (1836 ?-1869) : b. 1836; d. Berrima, Sydney, 26th Feb. 1869. M.R.C.S., 1857. F.L.S., 1867. Trtivelled in Ah'ica with Livingstone, and in Madagascar. Superintendent, Bot. Gardens, Mauritius. Plants at Kew. Journ. Bot. 1869, 212; R. S. C. iv. 330; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1869-70, cii. Mellera S. Moore. Mellor, John (1767-1848): b. Royton, Lane, 1767; d. Royton, Oct. 1848 ; bur. Royton. " Father of working-men botanists of Lancashire." Hand-loom weaver and cotton-spinner. After- wards working nurseryman. Member Rochdale Bot. Soc. Cash, 90 ; Cott. Gard. i. 74 ; Buxton, Bot. Guide Manchester, ix. Melville, Andrew Smith (d. 1876). Of Galway. Lecturer on Bot. and Geology, Edinb. School of Arts, 1876. 'Athenaeum,' July 22nd, 1876, p. 119. Melville, Robert (1723-1809) : b. Monimail, Fife, 12th Oct. 1723; d. 20th Aug. 1809. Brigadier-General. Governor of the West Indies. F.R.S. Founded St. Vincent Bot. Garden, 1765. Rose, Biog. Diet. ; Appleton, Cyclop. Americ. Biog. Melvilla And. = Cuphea. Menzies, Archibald (1754-1842) : b. Weims, Perthshire, 15th March, 1754 ; d. London, 15th Feb. 1842. Gardener, Bot. Gard., Edinb. Assistant-surgeon, R.N. Surgeon and naturahst BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 373 to Vancouver, 1790-1795. F.L.S., 1790. Discovered Pdhes speciosum, 1779. Introduced Aroucaria imhricata, 1796. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit, and at Kew. Imperial Diet, of Univ. Biog. ; Smith Lett. ii. 272 ; Fl. Tasmania, cxiv. ; ' Bot. of Geol. Survey of California,' 553 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 189 ; Lasegue, 366 ; R. S. C. iv. 345. Portr. at Kew, and oil portr. by Eddis at Linn. Soc. Menziesia Sm. Abies Menziesii. Meredith, Louisa Anne {nee Twamley) (1812-c. 1862) : b. Bir- mingham, 1812; d. circ. 1862; m. Charles Meredith, 1839. 'Romance of Nature,' 1836, 'Wild Flowers,' 1838. 'Bush Friends in Tasmania,' 1860 (drawings and descriptions). Pritz. 213, 326 ; Jacks. 580, 615 : ' Men of the Time,' ed. 1862. Merrett, Christopher (1614-1695) : b. Winchcombe, Gloucester, 16th Feb. 1614; d. Hatton Garden, 19th Aug. 1695; bur. St. Andrew's, Holborn. B.A., Oxon, 1634. M.D., 1643. F.R.C.P., 1651-1681. F.R.S., 1666. ' Musei Harviani custos.' ' Pinax rerum naturalium Britannicarum,' 1666. Plants in Herb. Sloane, 33, 34. Pult. i. 290-7; Pritz. ed. 1, 190; Jacks. 580; Wood, Athen. Oxon. ed. Bhss, iv., coll. 430-2; Munk, i. 258 ; Smith, Eng. Flora, i. pref. vii. viii. ; Thomson's Hist. Roy. Soc. 22. Merrettia Gray. Merrifield, Mary Philadelphia [nee Watkins) (1804-1889): b. Brompton, London, 15th April, 1804 ; d. Stapleford, Cambs., 4th Jan. 1889; bur. Stapleford. Algologist. 'Nat. Hist. Brighton,' 1860. ' List of Marine Algae at Brighton,' Phyt. vi. n.s. 513. ' Nitophyllum versicolor,' Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 421. Jacks. 249; R. S. C. iv. 351; Journ. Bot. 1889, 160. Merri- Jieldia kg. Meyrick, William (fl. 1755 ?-1794). Of Birmingham. ' New Family Herbal,' 1789. ' Miscellaneous Botany,' 1794. Pritz. ed. 1, 192; Jacks. 200. Middleton, W. (fl. 1812). Discovered Senecio lividus. Eng. Bot. t. 2515 ; Baines, Fl. Yorks., pref. Plants in Herb. Yorks. Phil. Soc. Miers, John (1789-1879): b. London, 25th Aug. 1789; d. Kensington, 17th Oct. 1879. F.L.S., 1839. F.R.S., 1843. Grand Cross of Rose of Brazil. In S. America, 1819- 1838. In Chile and La Plata, 1825. Travels in S. America. Monographs of BurmanniacecB, &c., Linn. Trans. 1851, &c. * MenispermaceiB,' Ann. & Mag. 1864-67. 'Contributions to Bot.' 3 vols. 1861, 1869, & 1871. Herbarium of 20,000 sheets, and MSS. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Pritz. 217; Jacks. 580; R. S. C. iv. 382; viii. 402; Journ. Bot., with portr., 1880, 83; Gard. Chron. 1879, i. 522. Coloured photo, at Linn. Soc. Miersia Lindl. Mill, G. G. (fl. 1844). Brother of following. On Dissemination of Seeds, and List of Marlow Plants in Phyt. i. (1844). R. S. C. iv. 387. Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873): b. near Montrose, 20th May, 1806 ; d. Avignon, 8th May, 1873 ; bur. Avignon. M.P. for Westminster, 1865. Logician and economist. Contnbuted to 374 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 'Pliytol.' from 1841, and n. s. ; and to the • Flora of Surrey.' Left MS. Notes for Fl. of Avignon. Found Impatiens fulva at Albury, 1822. R. S. C. iv. 387 ; ' Notices of bis life and work,' 1873, 28 ; Journ. Bot. 1873, 191. Monument on Thames Em- bankment. Millar, Rev. James (1762-1827) : b. Ayr, 1762; d. Edinburgh?, 13th July, 1827. M.D., Edinb. F.R.C.P., Edinb. Lect. Nat. Hist., Edinburgh. * Guide to Botany,' 1818. ' Rose of Jericho,' Phil. Mag. Iviii. 361 (1821). Edited 4th ed. ' Encyc. Brit.' Jacks. 36 ; R. S. C. iv. 387 ; Rose, Allibone. Millar, Robert (fl. 1736). Central American and W. Indian plants, 1736, Herb. Sloane, 296-299, 316. Millen, William (fl. 1854). Of Belfast. List of Belfast plants in Phyt. iv. 363 ; v. 185. R. S. C. iv. 388. Miller, Charles (1739-1817): b. Chelsea?, 1739; d. London, 1817. Younger son of Philip Miller. First Curator of Cam- bridge Bot. Gard., 1762-1770. Went to India, Sumatra, &c., 1770, and settled at Bencoolen. Experimented on cultivation of Wheat. Letters to J. Martyn in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Gorham, 114 ; Account of Sumatra in Phil. Trans. Ixviii. 160; Rees, under Philip Miller. Miller, John (:= Johann Sebastian Muller) (1715-1783) : b. Niirnberg, 1715 ; d. Loudon, 1783. Settled m London, 1760. Engraver. * Illustratio System. Sexual. Linn.,' 1777. Pritz. 227 ; Jacks. 584 ; Rose. 5 vols, of drawings in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Portr. by himself in • Illustratio Systematis Linn.' Miller, John Frederick (fl. 1776-1794). Son of preceding. * Icones animalium et plantarum,' 1776-1794. Original drawings in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Pritz. 217; Jacks. 112. Miller, John Samuel (fl. 1817-1828). Nurseryman. A.L.S., 1817. Of Bristol. Herbarium in City Library, Bristol? ? Author of * Nat. Hist, of Crinoidea,' Bristol, 1821. Dr. John Evans, 'Picture of Bristol,' ed. 4, 1828. Miller, Joseph (fl. 1748). Apothecary. Demonstrator at Chelsea, 1740-1748. ' Botanicum Officinale,' 1722. MS. Icones Plant- arum at Apothecaries' Hall. Herbarium in 22 vols. Pritz. 217; Jacks. 581; Rich. Corr. 188; Semple, 67. Miller, Philip (1691-1771): b. Deptford or Greenwich, 1691; d. Chelsea, 18th Dec. 1771 ; bur. Chelsea Churchyard. Gardener at Chelsea, 1722-1770. "Hortulanorum priuceps." 'Gardener's Dictionary,' 1731, 1807. 'Catalogue of Trees . . . near Lon- don,' 1730 (pubhshed anonymously). ' Catalogus pi. . . . in hort. Chelseyano,' 1730. 'Introduction to Bot.,' 1760. Her- barium of exotics bought by Banks, now in Mus. Brit. Rees ; Pritz. 218 ; Jacks. 581 ; Gent. Mag. Ixxvii. 1807, i. 520, 1828, June ; Linn. Letters, i. 255 ; Nich. Illustr. i. 323 ; Semple, 79; Felton, 138; Cott. Gard. v. 157; vii. 109; Journ. Hort. xxi. 1876, 76; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 81. Fancy engr. by Maillet in ' Dictionnaire des Jardiniers,' 1785. Portr. Kew. Inscribed column, 1815, in Chelsea Churchyard. Milleria L. Miller, Thomas (fl. 1860j. ' Common Wayside Flowers,' 1860. Jacks. 236. SHORT NOTES. 375 Millett, — . (fl. 1834). Collected in Macao and China. M.D. Of Canton. Plants in Herb. Kew. Millettia Wight & Am. Milligan, Joseph (1807-1883?): b. Dumfriesshire, 1807; d. Tasmania?, 1883? M.K.C.S., Edinb., 1829. F.L.S., 1850. Of Hobart Town. Went to Tasmania, 1830. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1883-86, 36 ; Fl. Tasmania, cxxvii. ; R. S. C. iv. 393. Milli- qania Hook. f. (1840) = Gunnera. Millir/ania Hook. f. (1853). Miilington, Sir Thomas (1628-1704) : 'b. Newbury, Berks., 1628; d. 5th Jan. 1704; bur. Gosfield Church, Essex. B.A., Camb., 1649. M.A., 1657. M.D., Oxon., 1659. F.R.C.P., 1672; Pres., 1696. F.R.S. Sedleian Professor, Oxford, 1675. Eoyal Physician. Knighted, 1679. 'Machaon' of Garth's * Dispensary.' Stillingfleet, Tracts, pref. xi. ; Pult. i. 336 ; Munk, i. 363. Portr. at R.C.P. Miliingtonia Boxb. = Meliosma. Millingtonia Linn. f. Milne, Rev. Colin (1743 ?-1815) : b. Aberdeen, 1743 ? ; d. Dept- ford, 2nd Oct. 1815. LL.D., Aberdeen. Rector (non-resident) of North Chapel, Sussex. Preached Fairchild sermon. * Bo- tanical Dictionary,' 1770. 'Listitutes of Bot.,' 1771. 'Indi- genous Bot.,' 1793. Pritz. 218; Jacks. 581; Cott. Gard. viii. 185 ; Johnson, 232. Milnea Roxb. = Aglaia. Milne, Joshua (d. 1851): d. Upper Clapton, London, 4th Jan. 1851. Actuary. F.L.S. Studied Mosses and Hepatics. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 136. Milne, Thomas (fl. 1795-1837 or 1838). Curator Oxford Bot. Garden before 1796. A.L.S., 1795. Contrib. to With. Arr. ed. 3 (i. xii.). Milne, William Grant (d. 1866) : d. Creek Town, Old Calabar, 3rd May, 1866. Of Edinb. Bot. Garden. Botanist to Expe- dition of H.M.S. ' Herald' to Fiji, 1856. Collected on W. coast of Africa from 1862. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. viii. 485; Journ. Bot. 1857, 106; 1866, 272; R. S. C. iv. 396; viii. 408; Gard. Chron. 1866, 731. (To be continued.) SHORT NOTES. Ulota calvescens Wils. MSS., Carr. (Ulota vittata Mitt.). — In the last part of Dr. Braithwaite's most admirable work on the British Mosses, there is an unaccountable mistake as to a date, which affects the priority of the above-mentioned. In 1861, Dr. Carrington spent several months in the south of Ireland, and paid special attention to the Orthotricha. Amongst the numerous species collected was one which he determined as new, and as such sent to Mr. Wilson, who suggested the appropriate name calvescens ; but it was first enumerated and defined fully in Dr. Carrington's ♦♦ Gleanings amongst the Irish Cryptogams," pubhshed in the • Proceedings of the Botanical Society, Edinburgh,' vol. vii. p. 370, 1863. Previous to this (in 1862), he had contributed a set of 376 SHORT NOTES. speciDiens to Eabenliorst's * Bryotheca Europaea,' No. 520, under the MSS. name of U. calcescens Wils. Up to that time Mr. ^Vilson had looked upon it as a variety of [/. Bruchii with smooth calyptra, but Dr. Carrington pointed out the earlier period of the fructification, and other well-marked characters. Through some oversight, Dr. Braithwaite has got the date of the paper as 1866, giving priority to Mr. Mitten's name, U. vittata, published in the Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. viii. p. 3, 1865. In the ' London Cata- logue of 'British Mosses' (1881), U. vittata is given as a synonym of U. calcescens. — W. H. Pearson. I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Pearson in sending me his note on Ulota calcescens, and correcting me in the priority of date for the publication of that name. I had quite overlooked Eabenliorst's * Bryotheca,' for Dr. Carrington there gives an excellent diagnostic character for the species, and thus establishes the publication of the name in 1862. The synonomy will there- fore stand thus : — Ulota calcescens Wils. MSS. Carrington in Eaben. 'Bryotheca,' n. 520, c. diagnose (1862) ; et in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. vii. 386 (read July 10th, 1862, published in 1863). Ulota vittata Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. viii. 3 (read Nov. 5th, 1863, pubhshed June 20th, 1864).— E. Beaithwaite. Introduced Plants. — Notes such as that (p. 314) on the occurrence of Lilium Martagon in Worcestershire show how readily undoubted aliens can assume the habit of native plants when circumsiances are favourable. It is a curious coincidence that a few days ago, Mr. J. L. Hopkins placed in my hands a fine specimen of this lily, which he had cut from a patch of three or four plants growing near the edge of a wood by a brook not far from Bishopsworth, North Somerset. This spot is remote from gardens, and the plant is very rarely seen in cultivation hereabout ; but of course it has been introduced by some unknown accident, and that recently. It is not likely to remain, as the showy flowers, visible from a neighbouring footpath, invite the attention of passers-by, one or other of whom will assuredly " lift " it before long. Another instance, hitherto unpublished, of the introduction of an alien near Bristol, is that of Oniphalodes verna Moench., of w4iich there are several patches in a steep stony wood by the Avon near Hanham, West Gloucestershire, where I understand it has been known many years. Surrouuded by Butterfly Orchis and Oniithof/alum jtyrevaicinu, it looks thoroughly wild, although pre- sumably derived from gardens on the top of the hill. The place is not easy of access, so this plant has probably come to stay and spread. The annual Glaucium jJicenicnnn appeared this summer, thicldy sprinkled among turnips, near Warmley, West Gloucester- shire. I suppose it had been sown with the crop ; but in this case there was no chance given of eftecting a lodgement, as the plant was cut up in hoeing the field, and it is doubtful if the few individuals that escaped ripened any seeds. — Jas, W. White. EuBUs Hystrix in Salop. — Prof Babington has kindly named Biibus Hystrix, a bramble recently found by me in Whitechffe THE USES OF PLANTS. 377 "Wood, near Ludlow, in the county of Salop. Although abundant in some parts of Herefordshire, this is, I think, a fresh record for Shropshire. — Arthur W. Wayman. A Northamptonshire Potamogeton. — In Ray's ' Synopsis,' ed. 3, 148, *^ Pota)nogiton folio angusto pelhicide fere gramineo, Dood. Syn. ed. 2, App. 341," is given as communicated by D. Morton [the author of the 'Natural History of Northants '] " de Oxendon in agro Northamptoniensi." This has been sometiDies referred to P. heterophyllus. I have recently seen Morton's specimen preserved in Herb. Sherard at Oxford, and find it to be that small im- mature state of P. cnspiis to which Hudson gave the name of P. serratus. — G. C. Druce. Plantago maritima L., form pumila Kjellmann, in the Faroe Islands. — Eeferriug to the list of additions to the Sutherland- shire Flora given in this Journal for April last, as observed in 1888 by Mr. Frederick Hanbury and myself, the form pumila of Plantago maritima was there signalized as occurring on Ben Hope at about 2600 feet, this being the first record in our Islands. Hitherto Cape Grebenig, Insula Wajgatsch, S. of Nova Zembla, the original locality where in 1875 it was discovered by Kjellmann and Liind- strom, had been the only recorded habitat ; but now the Faroe Islands must be added. In June, 1889, it was gathered by Miss C. Birley and Miss Coupland, whom I had asked to make a col- lection of plants of these islands, at about 1000 to 1500 feet on the Isle Stromoe, and there reported plentiful, This variety, which has much superficial resemblance to P. alpina L., will no doubt be found in Iceland, Denmark, Norway, and throughout Scandinavia generally. Our forms of Plantain all require a closer study than they have yet received. — J. Cosmo Melvill. NOTICES OF BOOKS. The Uses of Plants: a Manual of Economic Botany, with special reference to Vegetable Products introduced during the last Fifty Years. By G. S. Boulger, F.L.S., F.G.S. London, Eoper & Drowley. 8vo, pp. viii. 224. 6s. The Useful Native Plants of Australia (including Tasmania). By J. H. Maiden, F.L.S., F.C.S., &c. London, Triibner. 8vo, pp. xii. 696. 12s. 6d. The first book is not a satisfactory production, notwithstanding that the author has laid under contribution many of the best known and more recent books on the several branches of the subject on which it treats. The plan of the book looks well and promising in the table of contents, but lacks method in the substance. For example, anyone desiring information on Melons or Water Melons would naturally refer to fruits ; but he must look through the whole article — not a long one, it is true — or refer to the index before finding it, and, when found, he is rewarded only with the following (p. 54):- S'fS THE USES OF PLANTS. " Water-Melons {Citrullus vulgaris Schm.). — Oval, dark green, Cucurbitaceous fruits, with white flesh, are imported from the Mediterranean ; whilst a considerable variety of Melons {Cucumis Mela L.) are cultivated under glass in this country." Under "Oils and Oil-seeds," lists are given of the "chief" or "more important" drying and non-drying oils, and vegetable fats and waxes. Many of those mentioned, however, the author would have some difficulty in obtaining, as they are but very little known. Under " Dyes and Tanning Materials " (p. 162), Mr. Boulger states that the Madder [Fcuhia iinctorum L.) is a British plant. The foot-note references on the several pages to works whence the author has obtained his information, together with the index, are useful. In Mr. Maiden's * Useful Plants of Australia' we have a book of a different stamp. The arrangement is similar to that of Mr. Boulger's, human foods and food-adjuncts coming first, then forage plants, drugs, gums, resins, and kinos ; oils, volatile or essential, and expressed or fixed ; perfumes, dyes, tans, timbers, fibres, and miscellaneous products. The plants referred to are arranged in alphabetical order under each of the above heads, the scientific names, which are printed m clarendon type, coming first, followed by the best-known synonyms ; then the natural order, and references to the * Flora Australiensis,' the common names and details of the uses of the plant, and its range of growth. In this way a mass of information is brought together in a very systematic manner, from which any given plant can readily be found. That the author has made himself acquainted with what has been already written on many of the plants referred to by him, and that he has judiciously selected those matters that are of value only, are proved by the many interesting facts recorded throughout the book. The following illustration of the mode of treatment of each plant will suffice to prove the value of the book. In the division devoted to drugs, under the head of " Substances reputed medicinal," the uses of ExccBcaria Agallocha are thus described : — " It produces, by incision in the bark, an acid milky juice, which is so volatile that no one, however careful, can gather a quarter of a pint without being affected by it. The symptoms are an acid, burning sensation in the throat, sore eyes, and headache. A single drop falling mto the eyes will, it is believed, produce loss of sight. The natives of Eastern Australia, as well as those of New Guinea, &c., use this poisonous juice to cure certain ulcerous chronic diseases, e. ' 44 Arctium intermedium, 41 Arenaria gothica in Britain, 314, 354 ; marina, 40 Artic-.es in Journals. — Annals of Botany, 62, 126, 287, 383 Ann. Sciences Nat. 187 Bot. Centralblatt, 30, 62, 95, 12(^, 157, 187, 222, 255, 287, 320, 351, 383 Bot. Gazette, 30, 62, 95, 126, 158, 187, 222, 255, 287, 320, 351, 383 Bot. Notiser, 30, 95, 158, 187, 320, 383 Bot. Zeitung, 30, 64, 95, 126, 158, 187, 222, 255, 287, 351, 383 Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg. 96, 287 Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 30, 96, 126, 187, 222, 287, 351 Bull. Torrey Club, 30, 63, 96, 158, 188, 223, 256, 288, 352, 383 Flora, 30 Gardeners' Chronicle, 30, 63, 96, 126, 158, 188, 223, 256, 288, 320, 352, 383 Journal de Botanique, 31, 63, 96, 127. 158, 188, 223, 256, 288, 320, 352, 384. Journ. Linnean Soc. 31, 96, 188, 223, 288 Journ. K. Microscop. Soc, 31, 96, 223 Midland Naturalist, 256 Magyar Novenytani Lapok, 31, 63, 96, 127 Notarisia, 63, 127, 188, 320 Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift, 31, 127, 158, 189, 223, 256, 288, 320, 352, 384 Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital., 63, 188, 256, 352 Kevue de Botanique, 63, 125 Science Gossip, 224 Scottish Naturahst, 63, 158, 256, 352 Arum italicum, 24 Arundinella stricta, 170 Asparagus myriocladus,"^- 43 ; Saun- dersisB,''- 42 Aspidium angulare, 40 ; basipin- natum,"^' 176 Asplenium Duthiei,"' 72 ; Grevillei, 171; Macdonelli,* 73 Aster Novi-Belgii, 56 Astragalus danicus, 37 Atriplex tatarica, 314 Autumnal flowering of Mercurialis perennis, 22, 251 Avena elatior, 41 Avrainvillea, 67 ; 97 (tt. 288—9) ; caespitosa, 72 ; cortosa, 71 ; lace- rata, 71 ; longicaulis, 70 ; Mazei,* 70 ; nigricans, 70 ; obscura, 71 ; papuana, 71 ; sordida, 70. Babington, C. C, Hypericum lin- ariifolium, 185 Bagnall, J. E., Flora of Derby- shire (rev.), 318 Baker, J. G., New Petaloid Mono- cotyledons from Cape Colony, 1, 42 ; New Chinese Ferns, 176 ; Polypodium Fawcettii,"^ 270. Balanocarpus zeylanicus,"" 161 2 c 886 INDEX. Barrett-Hamilton, G., New Ross plants, 4 Beddome, R. H., New Athyriums, 72 Beeby, W. H., British Viola forms, 226 ; Ranunculus acris, 251 Bellone, "La Trufife " (rev.), 124 Benbow, J., Crepis taraxacifolia in Middlesex, 22 Bennett, Arthur, Potamogeton per- foliatus, var. Richardsonii, 25 ; Lange's Danish Flora (rev.), 27 ; on Nomenclature, 36 ; Carex elytroides in Britain, 117; Caith- ness Botany, 185 ; Flora of Fin- land (rev.), 220; Synonymy of Potamogeton rufescens, 242 ; of P. Zizii, 263 ; Carex laevigata var., 314 ; Atriplextatarica, 314 ; on British Carices, 380 ; Scandi- navian Flora (rev.), 381 Bennett's (A. W.) ' Handbook of Cryptogamic Botany ' (rev.), 277 Berks, Flora of, in preparation, 384 Betula odorata, 234 Boodle, L. A., Avrainvillea, 67, 97 Boodlea, 128, 288 Boswell's Herbarium, 192 Boulger, G. S., Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists, 16, 45, 79, 113, 148, 179, 213, 245, 273, 308, 340, 370; his 'Uses of Plants' (rev.), 377 Bowie, James, 93 Braithwaite, R., S. 0. Lindberg, 147 ; Ulota calvescens, 376 Briggs, T. R. A., Orchis latifolio- maculata, 244; Hybrid Thistles near Plymouth, 270; Rubus rhenanus, 271 Brit. Mus. Bot. Dept., Report of for 1888, 275 Britten, J., Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists, 16, 45, 79, 113, 148, 179, 213, 245, 273, 308, 340, 370; See- mann's Study Set, 102; Folk- lore of Plants (rev.), 122: Me- lampyrum sylvaticum, 152 ; H. G. Reichenbach, 193 ; Mundia V. Mundtia, 262; Festuca heter- ophylla, 272 ; Gremli's Flora of Switzerland (rev.), 315 Bromus erectus, 59 Calamagrostis borealis in Scotland, 117 Caloglossa Leprieurii, distribution of, 22 Calophyllum pulcherrimum, 161 Cape Colony, new plants from, 1, 42 Carduus hybrids, 270 Carex elytroides in Britain, 117 ; intermedia, 235; laevigata var- 314; flava, 331; notes on British, 330, 235 Carrington, B., Lepidozia reversa, 225 (t. 290) Carruthers, W., Fossil Plants (rev.), 25 ; Festuca heterophylla, 216 ; Report of Bot. Dept. Brit. Mus. 1888, 275; Stebler's Forage Plants (rev.), 317 Catasetum, 159 Ceratophyllum aquaticum, 57 Ceropegia parviflora,'- 164 Ceylon, additions to Flora of, 161 Chenopodium Buchanani,='' 139 China, new Ferns from, 176 Clarke, C. B., a Perthshire Orchid, 250 ; Hackel's Andropogoneae (rev.), 340 Cochlearia groenlandica, 39, 231 Coleus elongatus," 165 Coniferae, Comparative Morpho- logy of, 189 County Records : — Anglesea, 54, 117 Bedford, 209, 338 Brecon, 73 Buckingham, 226, 271, 314 Cambridge, 56, 58, 83, 119, 227, 228 Carnarvon, 55, 56, 73, 74, 94, 185, 271 CornwaU, 53, 185 Derby, 53, 147, 178, 252, 318, 353 Devon, 53, 54, 244, 270, 271 Dorset, 53, 144 Essex, 186 Gloucester, 52, 95, 271, 376 Hants, 12, 24, 217, 250, 251, 344 Hereford, 54, 56, 217 Huntingdon, 58, 67 Kent, 52, 53, 145, 227, 272, 382 Lancashire, 22, 52 Merioneth, 94, 343 Middlesex, 22, 145 Norfolk, 53, 185, 186 Northampton, 315, 377 Oxford, 54 Salop, 314, 376 Somerset, 21, 118, 183, 252 Stafford, 52 INDEX. 387 Suffolk, 144. 184 Surrey, 54, 59, 95, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 226, 227 Sussex, 143, 227, 314 Warwick, 53, 54, 59 Wilts, 23, 143 Worcester, 314 York, 53, 147, 183, 314, 354 Coryanthes, 159 Corylus Avellana, form of, 183 CosmariuDi eboracense,"'' 292 : gra- nulatum,- 292 : lepidum,- 292 Crepis taraxicafolia, 22, 185 Crinipellis, 384 Crinum latifolium, 167 Cylindrolepis, 287 Cypripedium, Monograph of (rev.), 61 Daboecia, 50 Delamarea, 188 Dewar, D., Pax's Eevision of Pri- mula (rev.), 59 Dianthus mecistocalyx,''= 199 ; mo- viensis,'- 199 ; Nelsoni,'''- 200 DioscoreaBurchellii,''= 1 ; Forbesii,='= 2 ; malifolia,'" 1 ; Mundtii,* 1 ; Tysoni,'i= 2 ; undatiloba,''' 2 ; Dowker, G., Falcaria Eivini in Kent, 272 Druce, G. C, Calamagrostis bore- alis in Scotland, 117 ; Lilium Martagon in Oxon, 153 ; Scottish plants, 200 ; N. Berks plants, 315 ; A Northamptonshire Pota- mogeton, 377 ; preparing Flora of Berks, 384 Dyer's (T. F. T.) 'Folklore of Plants' (rev.), 122 Dyer, W. T. T., John Ball, 365 Edinburgh Bot. Garden, 192 Epilobium virgatmn, 37 ; alpinum, 109 ; anagallidifolium, 109, 146 ; angustifolium, 140 ; parviflorum, 143 ; montanum, 144 ; lauceo- latum, 144 ; adnatum, 144, 146 ; obscurum, 144 ; Lamyi, 145 ; palustre, 146; hybrids, 146 Eragrostis Wightiana, 171 Erica mediterranea var. hibernica, 118; vagans in Hants, 344 Erytliraea littoralis, 38 Erythi-oxylon Coca var. novo- granadense, 32 Eugenia pedunculata,'"' 162 Euphorbia Esula in Northampton- shire, 315 Euphrasia officinalis, 128 Ewing, P., Flora of Beinn Laoigh, 51 Faberia, 31 Falcaria Eivini in Kent, 272 Festuca heterophylla, 94, 153, 216, 249, 250, 272 ; ovina, 59 Finland, plants of (rev.), 220 Floral Organs, Vascular systems of, 128 Flower, T. B., Melampyrum syl- vaticum in Gloucestershire, 271 Fryer, A., Notes on Pondweeds, 8, 33, 65, 183 : Gnaphalium uligi- nosum var. pilulare, 83 ; Poly- gala calcarea in Cambridgeshire, 119 ; Autumn flowering of Mer- curialis perennis, 251 Gardenia turgida, 163 Garnotia Fergusonii,'- 170 ; pani- coides,* 170 Gasteria radulosa,='= 43 ; transvaal- ensis,-'- 44 Geldart, H.D., Banffshire Eecords, 24 Gentiana Amarella var. praecox,217 George, F. J., Autumn Flowering of Mercurialis perennis, 22 Gepp, A., Hypnum catenulatum, 152; Moss Flora of Fife (rev.), 186 Gerard's ' Science and Scientists,' 351 Glascott, L. H., New Eoss plants, 4 Glaziophyton. 352 Glyceria distans, var. prostrata, 64 Gnaphalium uliginosum var. pilu- lare, 83 Gonatozygon laeve,* 291 Gremli's Flora of Switzerland (rev.), 255, 315 Groves, H. & J., Epilobium alpi- num and E. anagallidifolium, 109 Gymnogramme gigantea, 177 ; grammitoides, 178 Gypsophila, monograph of, 321 Hackel's ' Andropogoneae ' (rev.) 344 Halophila Beccarii, 166 Hanbuiy, F. J,, Hieracia new to Britain, 73; Callitriche truncata in Gloucestershire, 95 ; new Scottish Eecords, 107 388 INDEX. Haplobasidion, 222 Hariotia, 256 Haworthia columnaris,- 45 Hedera Helix, abnormal, 172 Hemya, 188 Henslow, G., Foliage of Easp- berry and Blackberry, 313 Hepatic® of Wicklow, 11, 267; new, 225, 252 Hieraciumanglicumt^ar. 75 ; Back- housei,^'' 74 ; caledoniciim,^- 75, 208; crocatum var., 76; dia- phanoides, 74 ; Farrense," 75 ; proximum,''' 76 ; salicifolium, 74 ; striolnm, 40 ; sparsifolium, 208 Howie's ' Moss Flora of Fife ' (rev.), 186 Hiimiria baisamifera, 64 Hybrid Epilobia, 143 ; tbistles, 270 ; willows, 265 Hymenophyllum Henrj'i,"'' 176 Hypnuni catenulatum, 153 Hypoxis acuminata,''' 3 ; colcliici- folia,''' 3 ; oligotricha, * 3 ; Scul- lyi,- 2 ; Woodii,- 3 Irish Plants, 4, 11, 8^ 183, 267, 335, 353 Isachne minutula, 168 Isodiscus, 31 105, 118, Jackson, B. D., Daboecia, 50 ; a Correction, 314 Jackson, J. E., Economic Plants (rev.), 377 J uncus Gerardi, 49; tenuis in Kerry, 335 Kniphofia modesta,* 43 : Northiae,* 43 ; Tysoni,- 43 King-devil (Hieracium prsealtum), 95 Kirk,T.,ClienopodiumBucliananii, 139 Lamb's ' Flora of Maidstone,' 382 Lange's ' Haandbog i den Danske Flora' (rev.), 27 Lappa intermedia, 41 Lejeunea Eossettiana, 337, 353 (t. 292) Lentinus scleroticola, 313 LepidotricLum, 320 Lepidozia reversa,'^ 225 (t. 290) Lepigonum, 40 Ley's ' Flora of Herefordshire ' (rev.), 217 Lilium Martagon naturalised, 314, 376 Limonia crenulata, 167 Linuifius, portraits of, 191 Linnean Society, 64, 127, 159, 189, 224, 384 Linton, E. F., Norfolk Plants, 186; New Scottish Eecords, 207 Linton, W. E., New Scottish Ee- cords, 207 Lophocolea spicata, 271 Loranthus mabaeoides,'-'' 166 Luzula maxima var. gracilis, 58 McAndrew, J., Eadula voluta in Scotland, 51 McArdle, D., Hepaticae of Wick- low, 11, 267 Maiden's 'Useful Plants of Aus- tralia' (rev.), 378 Maine, Freshwater Algae of, 205 Marshall, E. S., Festuca hetero- phylla in Britain, 94, 249 ; on Ejoilobia, 143 ; Primula Hybrids, 184; Cornish Plants, 185; Flora of Herefordshire (rev.), 217 ; Highland Plants, 229; A Cor- rection, 344 Masters, M. T., Abies lasiocarpa, 129 ; An erratic Ivy, 172 Matricaria inodora, 232 Melampyrum pratense, 40, 56 sylvaticum, 152, 270 Melvill, J. C, New Scottish Ee- cords, 107 ; Plantago maritima, form pumila, 377 Mentha Nicholsoniana, 57 ; pube- scens, 57 Mercurialis perennis, autumn flowering of, 22, 251 Microcalamus, 352 'Miraculous Berry,' 224 Moffat, C. B., Wexford Plants, 105 Molinia caerulea, 252 More, A. G., Erica mediterranea var. hibernica in Achill Island, 118 Morphology of Flowers, 128 ; of Coniferae, 189 Mundia v. Mundtia, 262 Murray, G. E. M., Avrainvillea, 67, 97; The Truffle (rev.), 124; West Indian Alg;e, 237, 257, 298 ; M. J. Berkeley, 305 ; Lentinus scleroticola, 313 ; Diseases of Plants (rev.). 379; his 'Hand- book of Cryptogamic Botany' (rev.), '277 INDEX. 389 Mm-ray, E. P., Sedum pruinatum, 141 Myles, P. W., Handbook of Crypto- gamic Botany (rev.)? 277 Nabea, 263 Naias major, 167 Neplir odium Fordii,''' 177 ; ram- pans,- 177 New Books, 125, 157, 187, 286, 382 New Phanerogams published in 1888, 119, 153 Nicholson, G., Report of Bot. Ex- change Club for 1887, 52 Nomenclature, 36, 50, 242, 262, 263 Obituary : — Babington, Churchill, 110 Ball, John, 365 Berkeley, Miles Joseph, 305 Leighton, William Allport, 111 Lindberg, Sextus Otto, 147 Mei-rifield, Mary Philadelphia, 160 Eeichenbach, Heinrich Gustav, 193 Oenanthe pimpinelloides, 38 Olpidiella, 31 Oplismenus BuiTnanni, 168 Orchis latifolio-maculata, 244 ; a Perthshire, 250 ; militaris, 37 Oryza granulata, 168 ; sativa var. collina,"- 169 Painter, W. H., Derbyshire Plants, 178 ; Corrections, 252 ; his ' Flora of Derbyshire ' (rev.), 318 Pax's Monograph of Primula (rev.) , 59 Pearson, W. H., Marsupella Sta- bleri, 94 ; Lepidozia reversa, 225 (t. 290) ; Lophocolea spicata in AYales, 271 ; Lejeunea Rossetti- ana, 353 (t. 292) ; Ulota cal- vescens, 375 Philipps, W., W. A. Leighton, 111 ; Plowright's Monograph of Ure- dinese (rev.), 156 Pinguicula vulgaris var. bicolor, 233 Plantago lanceolata, 42 ; maritima var. pumila, 377 Plowright's ' Monograph of Ure- dineae' (rev.), 156 Poa palustris in Britain, 273 Polygala calcarea, 119 Pondweeds, Notes on, 8, 33, 65, 183 Potamogeton coriaceus,* 8; per- foliatus var. Richardsonii, 25 ; varians,''' 33 ; mucronatus, 36 ; fluitans, 58 ; flabellatus, 58 ; fal- catus- (tt. 286—7), 65; Irish species of, 184 ; rufescens, 242 ; Zizii, 263; crispus, 377; Wolf- gangii, 222 Potentilla arenaria, 41 Primula, 59 ; hybrids, 185 Pseudevax, 30 Pseudolizonia, 189 Purchas's ' Flora of Herefordshire ' (rev.), 217 Pyrethrum corymbosum, 56 Ralfs, John, 224 Ranunculus acris, 140, 257 ; Ste- veni, 140 ; acris var. pumilus,204 ; Flammula var. petiolaris, 220 Renault's ' Plants Fossiles' (rev.), 25 Reviews : — Les Plantes Fossiles. B. Re- nault, 25 Origine Paleontologique des Arbres. Gr. de Saporta, 25 Haandbog i den Danske Flora. J. Lange, 27 Primula. Von F. Pax, 59 Cypripedium, 61 Folk-lore of Plants. T. F. T. Dyer, 122 La Truffe. F. de la Bellone, 124 Monogi-aph of Uredineae. C. B. Plowright, 156 Moss Flora of Fife. C. Howie, 186 Flora of Herefordshire. W. H. Pm-chas & A. Ley, 217 Herbarium Musei Fennici, 220 Annals of Botany, 253, 351 Handbook of Cryptogamic Bo- tany. A. W. Bennett & G. Murray, 277 Flora of Switzerland. A. Gremli. 315 Forage Plants. F. G. Stebler & G. Schroter, 317 Flora of Derbyshire. W. H. Painter, 318 Andropogoneae. E. Hackel, 344 Uses of Plants. G. S. Boulgtr, 377 Useful Native Plants of Aus- tralia. J. H. Maiden, 378 Timber and its Diseases. H. M. Ward, 379 890 INDEX, Diseases of Plauts. H. M. Ward, 380 Handbok i Skandinaviens Flora, 381 Eogers, W. M., S. Hants plants, 12; Eosa stylosa var. pseudo- nisticaua, 23 ; Erica vagans near Bournemouth, 344 Rolfe, E. A., Cypripedhun (rev.), 61 Eoper, F. C. S., Welsh Eecords, 343 Eosa, British species, 14, 23, 54 Eostrupia, 223 Eubiis, British species, 13, 52, 118, 271, 319, 376 ; leaves of, 313 Salix, collecting and study of, 77 ; List of British, 265 Saporta's ' Origine Paleontologique des Arbres' (rev.), 25 Sargeaunt, J., Euphorbia Esula in Northamptonshire, 315 Saunders, J., Bedfordshire Plants, 209, 338 ; New Bucks Plants, 271 Schroter's 'Forage Plants' (rev.), 317 Scirpus bifolius, 42 Scottish Plants, 23, 56, 63, 64, 73, 74, 75, 76, 107, 117, 127, 146, 185, 186, 200, 207, 229, 250, 256, 271, 272, 273, 329, 344, 352, 360, 377 Scully, E. W., Kerry Flora, 85; Juncus tenuis in Kerry, 335 Sedum anglicum, 36 ; pruinatum, 141 ; purpureum, 37 ; sexangu- lare, 38 Seemann's Study-set, 102 Somneratia apetala, 163 Sparganium neglectum, 58 Spoirostyla, 288 Sphctrozosma Aubertianum,'- 206 Spiculae of Grasses, 346 Sporobolus Wallichii,''= 171 Spruce, E., Lejeunea Eossettiana, 337 Statice Limonium, 36 Staurastrum acarides, new vars., 293 Stebler's ' Forage Plants ' (rev.) , 317 Stellaria umbrosa, 52 Steuart, A., Gentiana Amarella var. prsecox, 217 Stratton, F., Arum itahcum, 24; Flora of 1. of Wight, 51 Taraxacum erythrospermum, 41 ; palustre, 38 Thompson, H. S., Somerset Plants, 183 Thompson, E. F. & T. P., Curious form of Hazel, 183 Thunbergia fragrans vai'. parvi- flora,- 165 'Topographical Botany,' a puzzle in, 329 Towndi'ow, E. F., Eanmiculus Baudotii in Worcestershire, 50 Townsend, F., Eanunculus Steveni and E. acris, 140 Transvaal, Pinks of, 199 Trimen, H., Additions to Flora of Ceylon, 161 Ulota calvescens, 375 Urginea congesta va?', rupicola,"^' 167 Vatica obsciu^a, 161 Vellosia humilis,=- 4 ; villosa,'- 3 Viola canina, 227; Curtisii, 52; lactea, 228; Eiviniana, 226; silvestris, 226 ; hybrids, 226 Ward's ' Timber ' and ' Diseases of Plants' (rev.), 379 Way man, A. W., Eubus Hystrix in Salop, 376 West, W., Freshwater Algse of Maine, 205; of N. Yorkshire, 289 (t. 291) West Indies, Marine Algae of, 237, 257, 298 White, F.B., Collecting of WiUows 77 ; List of British Willows, 265 ; Poa palustris in Britain, 273 ; ' Topographical Botany,' 329 White, J. W., Scilla autumnalis at Bristol, 21 ; Juncus Gerardi,49; Eubus pallidus in N. Somerset, 118 ; Molinia cserulea in Bristol Flora, 252 ; Introduced Plants, 376 Whit well, W., Arenaria gothica in Britain, 314, 354 WiUiams, F. N., The Pinks of the Transvaal, 199 ; Ee vision of Gypsophila, 321 Williams, J. W., Lilium Martagon in Worcestershire, 314 Willows, Collecting and Study of, 77 ; List of British, 265 Wright, C. H., Distribution of Caloglossa Leprieurii, 22 Wrightia flavido-rosea, 164 Xanthorrhoea Tateana, 64 Zannichellia macrostemon, 42 391 GOKEECTIONS. Page 45, line 25 from bottom, /or "Bristol," read "British." 47, 22 from top, for " 1716," read " 1671." 105, 19 from top, for " 1882—3," read " 1862—3." 113, 16 from bottom, for " bears," read " leaves." 125, 16 from bottom, for " Blomener," read " Blomeyer." ,, 27 from bottom, for " Peckott," read " Peckolt." 150, 12 from bottom, for " Baltarea,'' read " Battarea." 152, 11 from bottom, for " nr.," read " Mr." 156, omit line 10 from top : the species was not published until 1889. 169, lines 11 and 27 from bottom, for " Jevers," read " levers." 178, dele lines 7 and 8 from bottom (see p. 252). 180, line 23 from bottom, for " angel," read " priest." 185, 30 from bottom, /o/- " Kev. W. Hunt Painter," read "Mr. J. W. Carr " (see p. 252). 193, 10 from bottom, for " 1816," read " 1888." 232, 22homhottom, for ''melanocephalum,'' read '' gracilentum''' (see p. 344). 233, 19 from top, for " Wharrul," read " Wharral." 276, 18 from top, for " Bermudas," read " Bahamas." ,, 30 from top, for " Holne," read " Hoxne." 317, 20 from top, for " directions," read " dissections." 382, lines 6 and 7 from top, for " colnatum," read " cohratum.'' WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, 54, HATTON GARDEN, 3 5185 00265 034