7 ae . srewes et 5 . Deter Se SO SE oe . zt > at wey 5 - ny ay A 4) VL ee ten " qt, anu ce : vy ie ee! Wi i i j : Oe LEGS Cones fy tae ame Day ~ P rom | y ) ; ( i ‘ ( i ony! "uly ie A a ' i} ir ps Loi eal Pus ine ead hin al a aie ae . om RI7MAY 1935 Hie ) VOL. XIII. 1891. JOURNAL OF THE ERBYS IRE RCHLOLOGICAL AND | Natura, HISTORY Dooley, ry 4 ) oe 1 > ' f + ~ BEMROSE. & SONS, ae OLD BAILEY; ERBY.. yo ee ay wisi a ii + oe'R oN eas) eS De aay s . “- ees: he Tete a 4 Ses tect etic on pie ak ates Ue a ll ie 9 ee be nea tts J - — ~~ ae eer oe - iy) nae te ane ee wie tue iS? BEL UEE OR ay, .. 09) Ate = = th sae, pas * ties mS a int . “Py ~ ‘ i a . t Be a ane, * & 7 ar URS aes oe . SIS. ~~ Pa i ’ x a a b ‘ * = ae rs SOURNAL OF THE DERBYSHIRE ARCHASOLOGICAL NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. EDITED BY me. |: “CHARLES” COX, BID) S.A; VOLs AHI. 1 AN WA K Y@, 18.0%). Donodon: BEMROSE AND SONS, 23, OLD BAILEY; AND DERBY. — ili CONTENT s List oF OFFICERS i wa me Ae re Bh - AG a RULES a Nov. 3. Westminster. On the morrow of All Souls, 24 Edward I. Between John de Ja Launde and Ellen, his wife, Plazntiffs, and Richard de Morleye and Joan, his wife, Defendants. Acknowledgment, on a plea of warranty of charter and in con- sideration of 100 marks of silver, by the Defendants, that one messuage and one carucate of land in Alsope are the right of the said John, as that which the Plaintiffs have of the gift of the Defendants. To hold to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same John of the chief lords of that fee. [Zo be continued. | 32 Notes on the Geology of Derdyshire.* By H. ARNOLD-BEMROSE, M.A., F.G.S. notes on the geology of our county, stating what has been done in it during recent years, and giving suggestions as to what might be done by our Society. In this way members may be guided to take up special lines of work which they otherwise might not think of, for experience shows that much of the valuable geological work done by amateurs has been owing to a suggestion by some geological friend. Important research has been made from time to- time amongst the Barrows and Caves of Derbyshire, and light has been thrown on that period which may be called the borderland of Archzeology and Geology. JI allude to the late Mr. Bateman’s diggings, to the late Mr. Rooke Pennington’s work near Buxton, Mr. Mello’s at Cresswell Crags, and to Mr. John Ward’s work at Longcliffe, articles by the two latter having appeared in our journal. It is much to be regretted that the Bateman collection is in Sheffield Museum, instead of at Derby, our county town. Probably there are many more caves undiscovered which will yield rich results ; and the duty of our Society will be to see that such caves as may be discovered from time to time are either properly worked or sealed up until some competent person can have charge of them, so that the whole evidence which they offer of the past may be * Paper read before the Natural History Section of the D. A. & N. H. Society, April 15, 1890. ae es NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE. 33 used to the utmost. The great value of Kent’s cavern, near Torquay, consisted not only in the quantity and variety of the deposits found in it, but also in the fact that the cave had not been previously tampered with. We should, therefore, try to impress upon people in the county the great importance of guarding such treasures from those who might, through ignorance, help to destroy valuable evidence. Good work has been done lately on the glacial drifts in the southern part of the county, which the then president of the Geological Society characterised as “a most useful contribution towards the correlation of the drift deposits of the British Islands.” In his paper on the Pleistocene succession in the Trent basin, read before the Geological Society in 1886, Mr. Deeley discussed a large number of exposures of glacial drift, and. succeeded in establishing a definite sequence amongst the deposits. There is still much work of a similar nature to be done in the county, and it is of that detailed kind that only those living in the district will be able to do it thoroughly. Authorities say that the work in the valleys is easier than that on the hills, and should be attempted first. What has been done is only an instalment of the data required for the solution of an interesting problem, viz., the explanation of the unequal distribution of the drift on opposite sides of the southern part of the Pennine Chain. Mr. Deeley mentions good exposures of drift in clay pits ‘at Spondon and Chellaston, and at the latter place blocks of limestone are to be found scratched and polished by being rubbed against others, owing to the action of ice. But it is not even necessary to leave our own town for observations. Many good exposures have been opened out in excavating for cellars. On Normanton Road, at the top of Hartington Street, a very good section was seen by Mr. Deeley. ‘‘ Nine feet of boulder clay, consisting of red marl, rested upon a violently contorted bed of sand in the Keuper. The boulder clay had evidently been thrust over the sand by a force acting from west or north.” Some streets on the Burton Road were lately cut in the boulder clay, which contained boulders of limestone, millstone grit, rocks from 4 34 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE, the coal measures, toadstone, and other igneous rocks I have entered somewhat into detail in order to show that much useful work may be done in the mapping of the drift, if members of our Society will take a little trouble in examining foundations for cellars and excavations in different parts of the town. The position and height above the sea of erratic blocks or boulders might also be reported, so that a boulder map could be made showing the position and character of the blocks, although the number perhaps may not be very great in Derbyshire. Another example of work done by a resident, is that by Mr. H. T. Brown, on the Permian rocks of the Leicestershire coalfields. From this paper, which appeared in the ‘‘ Quarterly Journal” of the Geological Society for February, 1889, we find that he re-surveyed the Ingleby and Knowle Hill district on the six-inch map, and showed that the sandstones of Knowle Hill, which are supposed to be of Permian age, are really “an outcrop of lower Keuper overlying Bunter conglomerate, and that the beds owe their present position to the existence of a trough-fault, which has let them down on the east against the coal measures and Permian marls, and on the south-west against the last mentioned beds and Bunter conglomerate.’’ Professor Bonney spoke of the paper as ‘‘ the cream of a series of observations, such as could only be carried on by one living in the district.” A Yorkshire Fossil-Flora Committee was formed two years ago, in connection with the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, for working out the horizontal and vertical distribution of the fossil plants. Hitherto little attention has been paid to the distribution of fossil plants, either in space or time, in Britain. A record of the species occurring in the coal measures in Yorkshire, as far as they are at present known, has been obtained, and over one hundred species have been recorded. Of these many are now known to be British for the first time. Such a work, extended over the whole of the Carboniferous rocks of Great Britain, would be a very valuable addition to the Plant Life of former times. One of the advantages of a Society like ours is that, better than an individual, it can co- operate with similar societies in an extensive work of this nature. NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE. 35 I have obtained from the Flora Committee notes for the guidance of those who will help in the investigation of the Carboniferous Flora, and a promise of any assistance that may be required from Mr. Cash, the secretary of the Committee. Our Society might well try and obtain such a record for Derbyshire. The services of geologists in the county, and of engineers and others engaged in mining, might be called to its aid, in noting the position and the seam of coal in which the fossils occur. In the Geological Survey Memoir of North Derbyshire, are a map and diagram showing the position and directions of a number of measured joints occurring in the Chatsworth Grit of Stanage Edge. The joints have roughly a tendency to arrange themselves parallel to two fixed straight lines, which bear N.E. and S.W., and these are about the directions of the dip and strike of the rocks. The Officers of the Survey mention this in order that local observers may be led to take up the subject more fully. The same remarks apply to a record of the directions of the dip of planes of current-bedding, and they say that if anyone with time to spare would carry on and complete what is already well begun by Dr. Sorby, much light will be thrown on the question of the method of the formation of the Carboniferous sandstones. In a paper on “ The structure and origin of the millstone grit of South Yorkshire,” Dr, Sorby concludes “ that the materials of the millstone grit in South Yorkshire were derived from the waste ofa south-westward prolongation of an ancient Scandinavia, the site of which is now occupied by the North Sea.” There is a strongly marked contrast between the lie of the rocks on opposite sides of the Pennine Anticlinal, and the memoir above alluded to says that, ‘‘ when a sufficiently extensive set of observa- tions have been brought together, they will doubtless throw light on the mechanics of the upheaval of the range.” On the West side the trend is nearly N. and S.; while on the East it is some- times nearly N. and S., sometimes E. and W., and sometimes intermediate between the two directions. Professor Hall has shown that the Carboniferous rocks of the North Midland counties had their lie given them by two separate upheavals. Further observations may or may not confirm this explanation. 36 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE, Near Newhaven, Brassington, and Harbro’ occur some purple and white fire-clays and sands in irregular hollows in the limestone as much as 100 yards across, and of unknown depth. The memoir states that the presence of quartz pebbles points to a portion of the deposit having been derived from the Kinder Scout Grit, and that a large part of the material is due to the decom- position of chert and sandy or argillaceous limestone. The sand consists almost entirely of quartz ; a comparison of the grains with those in the Grit and the insoluble residues in the limestone might throw some light on the subject. In the Longcliffe pit isa lignite, and it might be worth while to look near it for seeds which would determine the plant from which the wood came. In February, 1888, I heard a paper read at the Geological Society by Mr. Wethered, on ‘‘ Insoluble residues obtained from the carboniferous limestone series at Clifton.” The specimens of limestone were placed in hydrochloric acid, the residue washed, and then examined under the microscope. The residue of the lower limestone shales consists mostly of detrital quartz, with fragments of tourmaline, zircon, and _ felspar, occasionally associated with amorphous and chalcedonic silica. In the middle limestones the proportion of chalcedonic silica, containing sponge spicules and casts, increases, that of detrital quartz decreases, micro-crystals of quartz, amorphous silica, and less frequently pyrites, tourmaline and zircon occur. Towards the top of the middle limestones the proportion of detrital quartz increases, and the deposition of secondary silica on the grains becomes less marked until the calcareous beds become replaced by the Mill- stone Grit. Mr. Wethered concluded that the greater portion of the limestone at Clifton was deposited in the form of material not unlike that of the chalk and calcareous mud, now being deposited, in which siliceous organisms occur, and was in fact a Paleozoic chalk. The calcareous organisms he hoped to deal with later. Such a method might be applied to the Derbyshire limestone, and the work would not present much difficulty, Little chemical apparatus would be required, and a microscope magnifying about 40 or 80 diameters, with a polariscope attached, would be sufficient. NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE. 37 Many fossils have been found in the Carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire, and various lists have been published, the latest one being in the Survey Memoir—but nothing has been done, I think, to work out their distribution in the various horizons of the lime- stone. Mr. Howe, of Matlock Bath, is at present working at the corals of the districts, and will shortly, I believe, publish the results at which he has arrived.* In the Carboniferous limestones of Derbyshire occur beds of a dark coloured rock commonly called “ Toadstone.” Its appear- ance in the field and its microscopic structure prove that the beds are parts of lava streams which flowed from various sources and at various times, while the limestone was being deposited at the then sea-bottom. It has often been referred to, and a few micro- scopic sections were described by Mr. Allport, but no detailed work on it has been published. During the last three or four years I have been working at it in the field and am now engaged in examining microscopically a large number of specimens. I hope next year to have a paper ready on the lava and beds of fragmental rock, which have been mapped as Green-stone by the Geological Survey. The main physical features of the county are so closely con- nected with its geological structure that the one can hardly be considered without the other; and the connection between the geology and scenery should be interesting not only to geologists but to all lovers of nature. Messrs. Fletcher and Ward, in the last volume of our Journal, have, in a popular manner, given examples of the origin of our scenery. It is of great importance to preserve as many permanent records as possible of the strata passed through in the sinking of wells, making of excavations, railway cuttings, and tunnels, as well as exposures of rocks in valleys, &c. In many of these cases photography comes to our aid. It would be well to work here in connection with the British Association Committee on Geological * Since the reading of this Paper, Derbyshire has lost, by the death of Mr. Howe, one of its most indefatigable geologists. 38 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE. Photography for the collection, preservation, and systematic registration of photographs of geological interest in the United Kingdom. Views are desired illustrative of characteristic rock sections, especially those of a typical or temporary nature, railway cuttings, important boulders, localities affected by denudation, or where marked physiographical changes are in operation, raised beaches, characteristic river valleys, escarpments and_ other landscape features, glacial phenomena, as rvoches montonnées, moraines, and natural views of geological interest. They should be taken under skilled geological direction, and accompanied by certain details. Selections might be made from the numerous photographs of Derbyshire which have been published. Good photographs of the interiors of caverns might be obtained by means of the magnesium flash light. The two new railways which are being constructed in the county, vz., the Dore and Chinley (which passes through the coal measures and grit) and the Buxton and Ashbourne branch of the L. and N. W. R. (which passes through the limestone), will probably offer a field for the geological photographer. The first year’s operations of the B. A. Committee have resulted in a collection of 270 photographs of considerable scientific interest. I hope that these-few notes will be useful to those members of our Society who would like to take up geological work. Although we have few, perhaps, who are both willing and able to devote much spare time to this branch of science, yet all may help to some little extent, and our Society may be able to do much in bringing together workers in different parts of the county who are at present unknown to one another. 39 On the Recent Discobery of Roman Coins at Shipley, with some Remarks on “ Treasure Trove” tw general. By NaTHAN Batt, F.R.H.S. at) W years draw to a close without the addition of fresh | light, either local or general, being brought to bear on the past history of our country and its people. Such light is not unfrequently the result of investigation and research, carried out in a systematic manner by those whose chief reward is the pleasure which they derive by being able from time to time to lay before the public the fruits of their endeavours. But no less interesting in their way are the unlooked for “ finds,” which now and again attract the attention of the antiquary, or the geologist, to some quiet spot outside the usual sphere of their observation. ‘To this latter class belongs the “find” which forms the subject of our present remarks. Derbyshire is especially rich in such “finds.” Its caves, camps, and mounds have added their tribute of unwritten history to its records, and it stands almost unrivalled for examples of archzo- logical interest and importance. The “ find ” at Shipley is an isolated one, and is interesting as presenting one more example of Roman supremacy in the neigh- bourhood, and perhaps also as being a relic of the disturbances which in the latter half of the third century shook that great Empire to its foundations. The particulars of the discovery are already well known. It 40 RECENT DISCOVERY OF ROMAN COINS AT SHIPLEY. occurred on Sept. 25th, on the workings of the Great Northern Branch Railway, now in course of construction between Ilkeston and Heanor. The line of railway passes through the Shipley estate of E. M. Mundy, Esq., and the find hails from a spot on this property, about mid-way between the two named places. A navvy, excavating at a depth of about twelve inches, struck his pickaxe against something which turned out to be an earthen- ware jar, filled with a large mass of corroded coins. These, to URN CONTAINING ROMAN COINS: SHIPLEY. the number of a thousand or more, were quickly dispersed in the hands of neighbouring workmen, and amongst several miners who were passing at the time. The majority of the coins were much worn, and _ thickly covered with verdigris, and so matted together, that in some instances it was found necessary to use a chisel or similar article to separate them. On examination they were found to be Roman, third brass. Out of a casual collection of nineteen, which the writer has, may be read the names of Claudius, Aurelianus, Gallienus, Tacitus, Victorinus, and Tetricus, while others bear the names of Vespasian and Clodius. All these are Imperial coins, having the portrait of the Emperor on the obverse side, and on the reverse generally an allegorical figure. eee RECENT DISCOVERY OF ROMAN COINS AT SHIPLEY. 41 Subjoined is one or two examples of the inscriptions, which may be taken as a fair specimen of the whole. Obv. (Crowned head), IMPCCLAVDIVSAVG. oe (Standing figure, in profile) IOVIS...A.. Obv. (Crowned head), IMPCLTACITVSAVG. ee (Robed figure, erect), TEMPORVMFELICITAS. (Obv. (Crowned head), GALLIENVS. (Rev. (Stag or hind), letters obscure. (Obv. (Crowned head),.... ENV. . VG. | Rev. (‘‘ Justice ” holding pair of Scales), EQVITAS. Obv. (Crowned head), IMPCAVRELIANVSAVG. Rev. (Two figures in profile, erect, facing each other), PRO VID.ND.HOR. VXXT. Claudius was Emperor from 41 to 54 A.D.; Vespasian, from 69 to 79 A.D.: Clodius Albinus (previously a Roman general in Britain), from 193 to 197 A.D.; Gallienus, from 253 to 268 A.D.; Aurelianus, 270 to 275 A.D.; Tacitus, 275 to 276 A.D.; and Victorinus and Tetricus during an unsettled period in the reign of Gallienus. These dates allow us to fix the depositing of the urn towards the close of the third century, at a time when the Roman Empire was in the midst of its difficulties. ; As a trait in human character, it is interesting to notice that when first found, large numbers of the coins were freely disposed of for a few pence, but when public interest became excited in the matter, the price rose toso much in one instance, as ten shillings per coin. The vase or urn in which they were found is of baked clay, unglazed. When discovered, it was in an upright position, and closely padded round with clay. Unfortunately, this is now broken into several fragments, but when intact would measure about 11 inches in height, and 30 inches in circumference at its widest part. Traces of ornamentation may be discerned around the upper portion. It is now in the possession of C. Sebastian Smith, Esq., Steward to the Shipley Estate. 42 RECENT DISCOVERY OF ROMAN COINS AT SHIPLEY. The surrounding neighbourhood has been disturbed for many years by the getting of coal, but no similar discovery has been made previously. In some respects the occurrence bears points of resemblance to the well known ‘ finds” at Greenhill Lane, near Ripley, in 1730, 1740, and 1748 respectively. As already stated, Shipley lies somewhat out of the way of usual Roman discoveries in Derbyshire, and as such opens up a new phase in our local history. It is well known that the Romans worked the lead mines of the High Peak, and several of our historians have spoken of a highway connecting that district with the Roman Causennis (or what other name Nottingham may have been known by). Shipley lies in the line of communication between these places, and between many others lying on the Great Fosse Way and the uplands of Derbyshire. It is also within easy distance of the old Derby and Mansfield Road, a road which, although the fact has been entirely overlooked by our local historians, possesses many claims of a Roman origin. These circumstances ‘in themselves are sufficient to show that the locality was frequented during the Roman period both for military and industrial purposes, but the whole phase which is usually put upon Roman life in this country is, without doubt, too limited. During the second century, which may be put down as the ‘‘golden age” of Roman Britain, there is just grounds for supposing that not only Derbyshire, but nearly the whole of the country enjoyed a high state of civilization; a state in which agriculture and industry flourished, and in which the essential traits of Roman life were paving the way for a Heaven-sent mission, whose brightest prospects shall cover the earth ‘‘ as the waters cover the sea.” In the small matter of roads, it is a mistake to assume that the Romans had no other means of communication than that supplied by their excellent system of raised highways. Like ourselves, these intrepid pioneers had learnt that the nearest way between RECENT DISCOVERY OF ROMAN COINS AT SHIPLEY. 43 two points is in a straight line, and this principle acted upon for temporary purposes would make the Roman the originator even of many of our bridle paths, a supposition which is by no means unlikely. Thoughts which naturally rise to one’s mind on the discovery of coins, or similar hidden treasure, are, ‘‘ Who put them there ?” and ‘‘ For what purpose were they so deposited?’’ The answers to these questions may be as varied as the particular circumstances which call for them. In the case under notice, we may safely say that they were concealed by a Roman soldier or citizen for purposes of security. ‘«‘ But what was the kind of danger that menaced either the person or the district at the time in question?” Presumably, one of insurrection or disturbance in the neighbourhood; a sudden call away, with an expectation of returning at no distant date ; or, perhaps, the concealment was the likeliest substitute for a provincial bank which a thrifty person might have. Under any circumstances, they are the relics of “mind,” as well as of ‘matter.” We learn from history that Derbyshire was in a very unsettled state about 275 A.D., in which year a colony of Roman soldiers at Derventio (Little Chester) was besieged by Britons and put to the sword. It is a significant fact that the same year also closes the dates of the coins found at Shipley. The great empire which had spread its dominion far and wide was by sure degrees, and from various causes, beginning to fade. A few more years and the scattered remnants of the Roman legions withdrew from our shores for the last time. The peculiar.incidents connected with the discovery of hidden treasure have often been a matter of litigation and dispute. In former times the State was very exact in claiming to itself all, or part, of any ‘‘find” for State purposes or coinage. Latterly, however, its demands have been more laxative, and the general “custom now appears to be a compromise between the persons more particularly affected. ‘Treasure trove” is defined to be ‘‘money, or coin, gold, 44 RECENT DISCOVERY OF ROMAN COINS AT SHIPLEY. silver, plate, or bullion, found hidden in the earth, or rather private place, the owner thereof being unknown.” As early as the time of the emperor Hadrian it was enacted “that half the value of. any hidden treasure was to be left in possession of the finder, and the other half was to be considered the property of the owner of the land in which it was discovered.” In the absence of any special arrangement this decree appears a good one, and one which might amicably answer our purpose to-day. 45 Cinevary Urns and Tneense Cups, Stanton Sloov, Derbyvshive. By JoHN WarRD. 7, N March or April, last year, a large cinerary urn, | containing the usual gwantum of burnt bones, and, in addition, a most interesting so-called incense cup, was found on Stanton Moor in the Peak, by some labourers in the process of quarrying. These vessels received rough usage from their hands, and might have been altogether lost or broken up were it not for the antiquarian zeal of a neighbouring farmer, Mr. Joseph Heathcote, who speedily rescued them, and in whose possession they now remain. The urn was slightly below the surface, and without any protection, beyond that its mouth was covered with a thin piece of flagstone, such as abounds on the moor. No mound marked the spot, nor were there any traces of one. The urn (Fig. 1.) is a typical Bronze Age one, but is somewhat more straight-sided, or flower-pot shaped, than is usual in this part of the country, although the late Mr. Bateman (‘‘ Ten Years’ Diggings”) had precisely the same to say of several he found on this moor in 1852. It is fourteen inches high and ten inches across the mouth. It is made of clay of an even texture, smooth, well- shaped, devoid of ornamentation, of a dull yellow-red colour, and, as usual, is hand-moulded. It was more than half-full of burnt bones, but contained no other object of interest beyond the ‘‘incense cup,” which rested upon the deposit. This pretty little vase is of similar, but finer clay, and is 46 CINERARY URNS AND INCENSE CUPS, STANTON MOOR. more carefully made and shaped; indeed, it is difficult to realize that it was not fashioned on the wheel. It is two inches high and two and three-quarters in diameter at the mouth. As may be observed in the accompanying sketch (Fig. 2), the sides CINERARY URNS AND- INCENSE CUPS, STANTON MOOR. 47 are vertical from the middle upwards, while below the vessel is bevelled off to a small flat bottom. The vertical portion is ornamented with incised lines disposed as a band of zig-zags, five lines abreast, and confined between two double horizontal lines. The intervening triangular spaces are perforated. It is very usual for these little vessels to be pierced with two or more small holes, evidently for suspension during some part of the funeral ceremony, but this is the only Derbyshire example, so far as I am aware, in which the perforations form part of the decorative scheme. But such open-sided vessels have occasionally been found in other parts of the country. One not unlike this Stanton example is figured on page 78 of Greenwell’s “ British Barrows.” I may add that I have never before seen a piece of pre-historic pottery so truly and beautifully modelled. Some weeks after the above, another urn and cup—‘‘ the old man’s snuff-box,” as the quarryman described it—were found close by the same spot. Unfortunately, these were completely broken up before Mr. Heathcote heard of the discovery. The cup was within the urn as before. The open-sidedness of the “ incense cup” is not without some bearing upon the vexed question of their use. The old view was that they were censers; but, as the Rev. Canon Green- well urges, this “appears to imply a state of refinement to which we can scarcely consider the people who used them to have attained.” Another view is that they were lamps. This is absurd; how could oil be kept in perforated and open-sided vessels? That they may have contained the ashes of some particular part of the body, as the heart, is more tenable. But still more so is the theory that they were used for the remains of infants. These cups are occasionally found with burnt bones in them ; indeed, this zs sazd to have been the case with our present example. It is by no means uncommon to find the skeleton of ‘an infant or young child associated with that of a woman in the unburnt burials of the Bronze Age, indicating, probably, that rather than allow the tender offspring to lack a mother’s care or be a burden to the tribe, it was slaughtered and buried with its - 48 CINERARY URNS AND INCENSE CUPS, STANTON MOOR. parent. ‘The same custom was in vogue amongst the crema- tionists, for occasionally the burnt bones of adults and children are found intermixed. This would account for the comparative scarcity of “‘incense cups”? compared with urns. But it does not explain why the former should be perforated, or open-sided, or generally of superior workmanship and different shape ; and it is the exception that they should contain bones at all. The most feasible hypothesis is that they were chafing dishes. ‘‘The burning of the dead was certainly not practised merely to dispose of the body, but was a custom which had more or less of a religious character about it. The rite, doubtiess, was gone through with some degree of form and solemn observance. The application of fire to the body, to a greater or less extent, appears to have been universal, and shows what a deep significancy there was in it with reference to the dead. It is, therefore, not an unnatural supposition that the fire which was to consume the body should be brought to the pile with a certain amount of ceremony, and that it might have been taken there from the place where it had been kindled in accordance with some especial usage. Their size (z.2., the “incense cups”) is what we might expect to find in vessels made for the purpose of carrying a piece of ignited touchwood or other suitable material, and the holes and piercing are not ill-adapted for keeping it, by means of a draught, in a state of ignition.” * 1787.—Major Rooke examined a small mound within a so- called “ Druids’ Circle,” and found three cinerary urns, one containing an ‘‘incense cup,” ina row. He also mentioned that such urns were frequently found on this moor. 1799.—Mr. White Watson of Bakewell, procured several urns from barrows here, one containing an ‘“‘incense cup.” He was informed that three were frequently found together. Date (?).—Rev. Bach Thornhill opened several barrows ; all the interments had undergone cremation, and in most cases were inurned. * Greenwell. a —— iS CINERARY URNS AND INCENSE CUPS, STANTON MOOR, 49 1847.—Labourers cutting a drain found three urns, apparently together, the largest inverted over the burnt bones. Their ashy contents contained a bone and bronze pin, flint fragments, and a vitrified pebble. Stanton Moor and the neighbouring one of Hartle are very rich in remains of antiquity and weird-looking natural assemblages of rocks that the older antiquaries imagined, or tried to imagine, to be ‘‘ curious groups of Druidical monuments.’’ But it is more to our interest for the present to note that all the pre-historic interments hitherto found in this region, with one doubtful exception, have been of the cremation variety. A similar state of things obtains for Eyam Moor, and the district immediately north of it—Abney and Offerton Moors, and right away to the borders of Yorkshire. Elsewhere in the Peak and the adjacent parts of Staffordshire, burnt and unburnt interments are more or less intermixed, but everywhere the latter are in the majority. This certainly looks as though a cremation-practising people long held the upper valley of the Derwent and its neighbouring country. These burnt burials are by no means all inurned ; on the contrary, they constitute only about thirty per cent., or some seventy, at least, instances. But in the Stanton and Eyam districts they have a much larger proportion. The following burials of this class that have been found on Stanton Moor are taken from Bateman’s ‘“ Vestiges” and “Ten Years’ Diggings ” :— 1852.—Mr. Bateman found within a small circle the remains of three urns and as many cups. ‘Incense cups” are rarely associated in the Peak region with other than inurned interments, and with these they are only occasionally found. Amongst the seventy inurned interments just alluded to, only thirteen “incense cups” (including the two recently found on Stanton Moor) have been recorded ; and of these, no less than seven have occurred on this moor, and /wo in the immediate neighbourhood. Is it not clear, then, that the ancient dwellers of Stanton were not only pronounced crema- tionists, but attached some mystic significance to the number 5 50 CINERARY URNS AND INCENSE CUPS, STANTON MOOR. three,* and were more than their neighbours devoted to the ceremonial, whatever it may have been, in which the “incense cup ” was used ? Another peculiarity is worth noticing: I do not know whether it has been observed elsewhere. In both the Stanton and the Eyam districts the cremation burials are associated with small barrows, and it is very doubtful whether a mound was always thrown up over the grave. Our present case is one to the point ; and in the above examples of former “ finds,” there is no mention of mounds in two instances. On the other hand, small circles of earth and standing stones are, or rather were, extremely common. Many still remain, as the well-known “ Nine Ladies” on Stanton Moor, the ‘‘ Nine Stones” on Hartle Moor, and several large ones on Eyam and Offerton Moors; but more have been destroyed in recent times. Half a century ago, no less than thirteen could be counted on Eyam Moor and six on that of Stanton. The ring or circle, then, seems to have had an important place in the mysticism of these ancient cremationists. Since the above went to the press, Mr. Heathcote has forwarded the second “incense cup.” It is quite different, both in material and shape, from the first-mentioned, being cut out of a very fine sandstone, and somewhat gobular in shape; that is, so far as I can judge, for all the upper part and the lower portion of the bottom are broken away. It is about three inches in diameter. The outer surface is smoothed or polished, and it shows near the base two shallow, discontinued grooves, one on each side. The inner surface is scratched, indicating that the cavity was scraped out with some pointed instrument, perhaps a flint-flake. The grooves are clearly not decorative; they are suggestive of a cord. Stone vessels are very rarely found in this part of the country, although they are common in Ireland and the * It is probable that the two urns recently found so near together formed part of a trio, ae CINERARY URNS AND INCENSE CUPS, STANTON MOOR. 51 north of Scotland, The late Mr. Carrington found one in a barrow at Wetton, Staffordshire, in 1850. It was of similar shape to our present example, but a little larger, and had several grooves—apparently continuous—at different heights. It is quite possible that our example when perfect had other grooves. ; 52 Charters connected with the Chureh of Ashburne, Derbyshire, By Rev. Francis Jourparn, Vicar of Ashburne. ey N Dr. Cox’s ‘‘ Churches of Derbyshire,” vol. ii., p. 363, S4| reference is made to a certain Chartulary extant in the Cathedral Library, Lincoln, entitled, ‘“ Carte tangentes Decanatu Ecclie Beate Marie Lincoln.” Inasmuch as a considerable portion of this book concerns the Parish of Ashburne, it seemed desirable to present the several Charters in a complete form for the perusal of those interested in our County Records. _I have therefore secured the valuable aid of Mr. Gibbons, of the Minster Yard, Lincoln, and now place before the D. A. and N. H.S. an exact ‘transcript of these interesting documents. They occupy a considerable portion of space in the present volume, and therefore it will be as well to reserve any notes thereon to a future occasion. One Deed (the first in the series) has been extracted from another bundle of documents, viz., the Royal Charter of King Henry II., confirming the grant of William Rufus of certain Churches to the Cathedral of Lincoln and the Bishop of that See. This Charter forms a fitting com- mencement of the series, and helps to make the history complete. Thanks to the large revenues attached to the Deanery of Lincoln, it became one of the most valuable pieces of preferment in the Church of England, and was evidently regarded as a sure stepping-stone to greater things. Cardinal Wolsey held the appointment for a brief period, as the following list of —— = CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 53 Deans, kindly furnished by the Rev. Precentor Venables, will testify :— DEANS OF LINCOLN. Ralph, appointed by Bp. Remigius. Simon Bloet, or Blovet, ¢ 1110. Nigellus, between 1123-1147. Philip de Harecurt. Adelinus, or Ascelinus, in 1145 and 1162. Hamelinus, ¢c. 1164. Geoffrey Kirtling, c. 1169 and 1176. Richard de Ely, surnamed Fitz Neale, in 1184. Haimo, 1189, d. 1195. Roger de Rolveston, 1195, d. 1223. William de Tournay, 1223, suspended 1239. Roger de Weseham, 1239-45. Henry de Lexinton, 1245. Richard de Gravesende, 1254. Robert de Mariscis, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1262. William de I.essington, or Lexington, 1263, d@. ¢ 1272. Richard Mepham, 1273. John de Maydestun, d@. 1275. Oliver Sutton, 1275. Nicholas Heigham, 1280, d@. 1305. Philip Wilughby, 1288, @. 1305. Josceline or Joceline de Kirnington, 1305. Raymund de la Goth, or Del Gond, 1306-7. Roger de Mortivalis, or Martivaux, 1310. Henry de Mannesfeld, 1315. Anthony Bek, 1329. John de Nottingham, in 1340. William Bateman, a/as William of Norwich, in 1340. - John de Ufford, or Offord, 1344. Simon de Briesley, or Borisley, 1348, @. 1360. John de Stretely, or Strethiele, in 1361 and 1366. Simon Cardinal, called S. Sixtus, in 1372, d. 1376. 54 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. John de Shepeye, LL.D., 1388, d. ¢. 1411-12. John Mackworth, LL.D., 1412, d. 1451. Robert Fleming, 1451-2, 2. 1483. George Fitz-Hugh, 1483, ad. 1505. Geoffrey Simeon, 1505-6, d. 1508. Thomas Wolsey, or Wuley, 1508-9. John Constable, 1514, d. 1528. George Henneage, LL.B., 1528, resigned 1544. John Taylour, S.T.P., 1544. Matthew Parker, S.T.P., 1552- Francis Mallet, S.T.P., 1554, @ 157°. John Whitgift, S.T.P., 1571- William Wykeham, S.T.P., 1577. Ralph Griffin, A.M., 1584. John Reynolds, S.T.P., 1593: William Cole, S.T.P., 1598, @. 1600. Laurence Staunton, S.T.P., 1601, ad. 1613. Roger Parker, S.T.P, 1613, d. 1629. Anthony Topham, 1629, 4. 1655. Michael Honywood, S.T.P., 1660, @. 1681. Daniel Brevint, S.T.P., 1681-2, @. 1695. Samuel Fuller, S.T.P., 1695, @ 1699-1700. Abraham Campion, S.T.P., 1700, ome Richard Willis, S.T.P., 170F. Robert Cannon, 1721, a. 1722. Edward Gee, 1722, @. 1729-30. Edward Willes, 1730. Thomas Cheyney, D.D., £743-4- William George, S.T.P., 1747-8, @. 1750. John Green, D.D., 1756. Hon. James Yorke, 1762. Robert Richardson, @. 1781. Richard Cust, D.D., 1782, d. 1783. Richard Kaye, LL.D., 1783, @. 1809. George Gordon, 1810, @. 1845. John Giffard Ward, 1545. CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 55 Francis Jeune, 1864. James Amivaux Jeremie, 1864. Joseph William Blakesley, 1872. William John Butler, 1885. Registrum Antiquissimum, fo. 26. (Lincoln Cathedral Muniment Room.) De ecclesiis de Oskington’ Cesterfeld’ Esseburn’ Mannesfeld’ et Capell’. H. Rex Anglie et Dux Normann et Aquit et comes And Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus Justiciariis vice- comitibus ministris et omnibus hominibus et filelibus suis totius Anglie Francis et Anglis Salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et carta mea confirmasse ecclesie beate Marie Lincoln’ et Episcopo donacionem quam Willelmus Rex Anglie antecessor meus dedit eis imppettuam elemosinam yvidelicet ecclesiam de Oschinthona et quicquid ad eam pertinebat tempore regis Edwardi et ecclesiam de Cestrefeld’ et ecclesiam de Esseburn’ et ecclesiam de Mannesfeld’ et capellas que sunt in berewicis qui adjacent predictis maneriis Quare volo et firmiter precipio Quod predicta ecclesia Lincoln’ predictas ecclesias et capellas habeat et teneat bene et in pace libere quiete honorifice integre et plenarie cum omnibus pertinenciis suis in terris et decimis et in omnibus rebus sicut carta Willelmi regis Anglie antecessoris mei quam vidi testatur. Testibus Thoma Cantuar Archiepiscopo, Henrico Winton, Hil’ Cic’ episcopis, Roberto comite Legr [ecestr’], Ricardo de Lucia, Reginaldo de Sancto Walico, Ricardo de Humet’ const [abl’] apud Windesores. TRANSCRIPTS FROM A VOLUME ENTITLED ‘‘ CART& DECANI” IN THE MUNIMENT Room oF LINCOLN CATHEDRAL. 61. D&E PENSIONE VICAR’ DE ASHEBURN’. Omnibus Sancte Matris ecclesie filiis ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Rogerus Linc’ ecclesie Decanus eternam in Domino Salutem. Noverit universitas vestra nos ad_ resignacionem 56 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, Gaufridi vicarii perpetui ecclesie de Esseburn’ que ad Decanatum Lincoln’ ecclesie noscitur pertinere dilecto et fideli nostro Nicholao de Esseburn’ clerico in presentia et de assensu Capituli Linc’ ecclesie caritative concessisse et contulisse perpetuam vicariam prefate ecclesie de Esseburn’ Ita quidem quod idem Nicholaus totam eandem ecclesiam cum omnibus capellis et universis ad eam pertinentibus tota vita sua possidebit solvendo exinde singulis annis nobis et successoribus nostris Linc’ ecclesie Decanis centum solidos nomine pensionis ad tres terminos scilicet ad Pascham duas marcas et dimidiam ad festum Sancti Jacobi duas marcas et dimidiam et ad festum Sancti Martini duas marcas et dimidiam. Memoratus quoque Nicholaus nobis et eidem ecclesie Linc’ sacramentum prestitit fidelitatis. Ut igitur hec concessio rata et inconcussa permaneat eam presenti scripto et sigilli nostri munimine roboravimus. His testibus Henrico de Watton’, Henrico de Mannefeld’ et Waltero de Wirkeswrth capellanis, Waltero de Dincurt’, Hugone de Rolueston’, Stephano de Cestrefeld’, Salamone de Notingeham’, Stephano de Eisseburn’, et Ricardo de Tingehirst’, clericis, Henrico et Willelmo de Rolueston’, Richardo Pistore, Richardo de Northbir, Adam’ fil’ God’, Roberto fil’ Ric’, Willelmo et Malgero de Mannefeld’ et Roberto de Tittebir’ et aliis multis. 62. CONFIRMACIO CAPITULI LINC’ SUPER EADEM PENSIONE. Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Capitulum Linc’ ecclesie eternam in Domino Salutem. Ad universitatis vestre volumus notitiam pervenire Rogerum Decanum nostrum ad resignacionem Gaufridi vicarii perpetui ecclesie de Eisseburn’ que ad Decanatum Linc’ ecclesie noscitur pertinere, in presentia nostra et assensu nostro divine caritatis intuitu concessisse et contulisse Dilecto et fideli nostro Nicholao de Eisseburn’ clerico predictam ecclesiam de Essburn’ cum omnibus capellis et universis ad eam pertinentibus nomine perpetue vicarie possidendam sub annuo canone centum solidorum eidem Decano et successoribus suis ad tres terminos quoad vixerit solvendorum scilicet ad Pascham duarum marcarum et dimidie ad festum CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 57 Sancti Jacobi duarum marcarum et dimidie et ad festum Beati Martini duarum marcarum et dimidie. Memoratus quoque Nicholaus prenominato Decano et eidem ecclesie Linc’ sacramen- tum prestitit fidelitatis. Nos itaque eandem concessionem ratam et gratam habentes ipsam presenti scripto et sigilli nostri patro- cinio coufirmavimus. Hii autem tunc presentes fuerunt in Capitulo Willelmus Precentor, Magister Willelmus Cancellarius, Ricardus Archidiaconus Northant’, Willelmus Archidiaconus, West’ding’, Rogerus Scotus, Magister Nicholaus de Lindwod Andreas et Lucas sacerdotes, Radulfus de Bireneto, Magistri Walterus Davidus Gir’ de Rowll, Robertus de Mancestr’, Robertus de Hulm’, Bartholomeus de Suthwell, Petrus de Hugar’. 63. DE DICTA PENSIONE. Gautridus dei gratia Coventr’ ecclesie humilis Minister omnibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Salutem. Noverit universitas vestra nos ad spontaneam resignationem dilecti filii nostri Galfridi de Eisseburn’ et presentationem dilecti nostri R. Decani Linc’ admisisse Nicholaum de Eisseburn’ clericum ad ecclesiam de Esseburn’ cum pertinenciis suis et eum in eandem ecclesiam canonice instituisse Ita quod idem Nicholaus memorato Decano et successoribus suis centum solidos singulis annis nomine pensionis persolvet. Salvo nobis et successoribus in omnibus jure episcopali et parochiali. Ut autem hec nostra institutio firmitatis vigorem obtineat imposterum eam presenti scripto et sigilli nostri appositione roberavimus Hiis testibus Magistro Roberto Archidiacono Salopebir’, Willelmo Archidiacono Derb’, Magistro Roberto de Manecester’, Magistro Simone de Derb’, Magistro Willelmo London’, Matheo capellano Thome de Beverlaco. 64. DE PENSIONE DE BRADLEE Omnibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Nicholaus persona ecclesie de Esseburn’ Salutem in eo qui est salus omnium. Sciatis quod ego assensu et voluntate domini Rogeri 58 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Linc’ ecclesie Decani concessi et hac presenti carta mea con- firmavi Nicholao de Brideston’ clerico meo omnes decimas et obvenciones et oblationes ex quacunque causa _pervenerint pertinentes ad capellam meam de Badlee (sc) ad firmam perpetuam Habendas et tenendas libere et quiete ab omnibus quoad vixerit Reddendo inde annuatim matrici ecclesie de Eisseburn’ nomine firme dimidiam marcam pro omnibus infra octavas Sancti Osowaldi salvis matrici ecclesie ordinacione cantarie sepultura et confessionibus parochianorum Salvo etiam jure ejusdem ecclesie in aliis, In hujus autem rei testimonium huic scripto Sigillum meum apposui Hiis testibus Domino Rogero Line’ ecclesie Decano, Domino W. de *“Musch’archidiacono Derbeie, Michaele de Langeford’ persona Hugone de Egenco persona, Aluredo Ada et Willelmo capellanis, Ricardo clerico et aliis. 65. CAPELLA DE BRADLEY. Omimibus xpi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit W. de Muschamp archidiaconus Derb’ salutem in Domino Noverit universitas vestra quod ego ex inspectione carte Nicholai rectoris ecclesie Esseburn’ perpendi ipsum Nicholaum dimississe et concessisse Nicholao de Brideston’ clerico suo omnes fructus et proventus de Bradelegh ad ecclesiam de Esseburn’ pertinentes ex quacumque causa pervenerint, Habend’ et Tenend’ ad perpetuam firmam quoad vixerit Reddendo inde annuatim ecclesie de Esseburn’ dimidiam marcam argenti pro omnibus infra octavas Sancti Oswaldi salvis matrici ecclesie de Esseburn’ ordinatione cantarie capelle de Bradeleg’ sepultura defunctorum confessionibus parochianorum et omnibus aliis que ad matricem pertinent ecclesiam. Ego vero de assensu Domini Rogeri Linc’ ecclesie Decani eidem Nicholao de Breydeston’ clerico hance concessionem vacante sede confirmavi Hiis testibus Magistro Roberto de Graneles, Domino Aluredo capellano, Ricardo de Neuport clerico, Roberto de Derb’ decano, Elia de Weston’ persona, Thoma Juuen’ et aliis. * Muschamp, see next deed. CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 59 66. DE MEDIETATE TOFTI. Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus filius Rogeri prepositi de Esseburn’ et Petrus frater meus vendimus et quietum clamavimus Herberto de Notingham’ et heredibus suis sive assignatis suis medietatem tofte (sc) que fuit patris nostri in villa de Esseburn’ super terram ecclesie et latitudine trium pedum alternis medietatis et longitudine totius tofte illam medietatem scilicet que jacet juxta toftam que fuit Thome de Staynton, Tenendam et habendam sibi et heredibus suis libere et quiete Ita quod nos neque heredes nostri nullum jus vel clamium in predicta terra habere possumus nec exigere pro hac autem quieta clamacione predictus Herbertus pacavit nobis p’ manibus novem- decim solidos argenti et vj denarios, ut autem hec nostra quieta clamacio stabilis permaneat uterque nostrum huic presenti scripto sigillum suum apponere curavit. Hiis testibus Roberto filio Lennad’, Willelmo de Mapilton’, Henrico de Cte, Rogero de Derbi, Petro fil’ Ulf, Ricardo fil’ Lenenad, Waltero fil’ Tingtoris, Hugone de Benetl’, Willelmo Pistore, et multis aliis. 67. DE QUADAM TERRE CUM DOMO. Sciant omnes presentes et futuri quod ego Herbertus de Notingham’ concessi et quietum clemavi a me et ab heredibus meis Henrico Capellano de Bendleg’ et suis assignatis et eorum heredibus totum jus et clamium quod habui vel habere potui in quamdam terram cum domo quam emi de heredibus Rogeri Prepositi illam scilicet que jacet juxta toftam Thome de Stanton. Ita scilicet quod nec ego nec heredes mei aliquod jus vel clamium in predictam terram cum domo _futuris temporibus exigere poterimus Solvendo inde annuatim ecclesie de Esseburn’ novem denarios scilicet quatuor denarios et obolum ad festum Sancti Martini et quatuor denarios et obolum ad festum Sancti Petri pro omnibus. Pro hac . . . (? scilicet) concessione et quieta clamacione predictus Henricus dedit mihi duos solidos argenti ut autem hec mea concessio et quieta clamacio rata et stabilis imperpetuum permaneat huic presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui Hiis testibus Thoma fil’ Lenenad et Ric’ fratribus 60 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Henrico de Cruce Magistro Alexandro Joh’ fratre person’, Thoma de Stanton, Roberto mercatore, Willelmo clerico fratre suo et allis. 68. RELAXATIO DE EISDEM. Sciant omnes presentes et futuri quod ego Walterus frater Willelmi capellani de —ickendon’ vendidi et quietum clamuoi a me et ab heredibus meis Henrico capellano de Benedleg’ et suis assignatis et eorum heredibus totum jus et clamium quod habui vel habere potui in quandam terram cum domo quam acquisivi* (?) de Herberto de Notingham’ et de ecclesia de Esseburn’ juxta toftam Thome de Stanton’ Ita scilicet quod nec ego nec heredes mei aliquod jus vel clamium in predictam terram cum domo de cetero exigere potuerimus Solvendo inde annuatim ecclesie de Esseburn’ novem denarios scilicet quatuor denarios et obolum ad festum Sancti Martini et quatuor denarios et obolum ad festum Sancti Petri pro omnibus. Pro hac autem vendicione et quieta clamacione predictus Henricus dedit michi duas marcas argenti. Ut autem hec mea vendicio et quieta clamacio rata et stabilis imperpetuum permaneat huic presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui Hiis testibus Henrico de Cruce Thoma fil’ Lenenad et Ric’ fratribus Magistro Alexandro Hermco de Machelfeld Willelmo Spendelove, Henrico_filio suo, Thoma de Stant’ et aliis. 69. DE QUATUOR TOFTIS ET DIMID ET UNA ACRA PRATI CUM PERTIN’ IN ASHEBURN’. thec est finalis concordia facta in curia domini Regis apud Leyrcestr’ a die Sancte Trinitatis in tres septimanas ‘anno regni regis Henrici filii Regis Johannis xxxvt coram Silvestr’ Episcopo Karl’ Rogero de Turkel’ Gil’ de Fatm et Adam’ de Hylton’ Justic’ itinerantibus et aliis domini Regis fidelibus tunc ibi presentibus inter Henricum Decanum Linc’ personam ecclesie de Essebutn’ querentem et Ricardum de Mapelton’ Saram uxorem * This part is very faint and almost illegible. a CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 61 ejus Henricum de Mapilton’* Letitiam uxorem ejus Wal’ de Esseburn’ et Ceciliam uxorem ejus deforc’ de quatuor toftis et dimidiot et una acra prati cum pertinentiis in Esseburn’ unde[un] jurata utrum predicta tofta et pratum cum pertinentiis sint libera elemos’ pertinens ad ecclesiam ipsius persone in Esseburn’ an laicum feudum ipsorum Ricardi Sarre Henrici Letitie Willelmi et Cecilie summonita fuit inter eos in eadem curia scilicet quod predicti Ricardus Sara Henricus Letitia Willelmus et Cecilia recognoverunt predicta tofta et pratum cum pertinentiis esse jus ipsius persone et ecclesie sue de Esseburn’ et illa ei reddiderunt exceptis duobus toftis et dimid’ et prato in eadem curia et remiserunt et quiet’ clamaverunt de se et heredibus ipsarum Sare Letitie et Cecilie predicto persone et ecclesie sue predicte et successoribus suis personis ejusdem ecclesie imperpetuum Et pro hac recognitione redditione remissione et quieto clamio fine et concordia idem persona concessit predictis Ricardo Sare Henrico Letitie Willelmo et Cecilie predicta dua tofta et dimidium et pratum cum pertinentiis scilicet toftum et dimidium que jacent inter toftum Henje de c’te et toftum Thome Junen’ et toftum quod jacet juxta Grangiam Edmundi de Ferr’ versus orientem Habend’ et Tenend’ eisdem Ricardo Sare Henrico Letitie Willelmo Cecilie et heredibus ipsarum Sarre Letitie et Cecilie de predicto persona et ecclesia sua predicta et successoribus suis personis ejusdem ecclesie imperpetuum Reddendo inde per annum duos solidos medietatem ad festum inventionis Sancte Crucis et alteram medietatem ad festum Sancti Martini pro omnibus] servicio et exactione Et preterea iidem Ricardus Sara Henricus Letitia Willelmus et Cecilia concesserunt pro se et heredibus ipsarum Sare Letitie et Cecilie quod omnes manentes in predictis tenementis de cetero molet bladum et brasium suum ad molendinum ipsius persone et successorum suorum ecclesie de Esseburn’ { ad OT Finn qtr gine — imperpetuum et * Margin :—Henricus de Lexington Decanus. + Toftum appears to be used as a neuter noun in this Deed. In No, 66 it is used as a feminine one—/ofta—except in the margin. t De molendino de Essebourne Curia Decani ibidem. 62 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. facient sectam ad curiam ipsius persone et successorum suorum bis in anno scilicet ad proximam Curiam post Pascham et ad proximam Curiam post festum Sancti Michaelis et similiter qucunque placit’ in eadem Curia fuerint per Breve domini Regis de Recto et hec concordia facta fuit de assensu et voluntate Coventr’ et Lich’ Episcopi. 70.—DE ORATORIO-HOLANDE. Omnibus Xpri fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Robertus de Esseburn’ miles Salutem in Domino. Cum vir venerabilis dominus H. Linc’ ecclesie Decanus de consensu venerabilis in Xpo patris R. dei gratia Coventr’ et Lichefeld’ Episcopi necnon Johis vicarii ecclesie de Esseburn’ mihi et libere familie mee cantariam in oratorio meo de Holende toto tempore vite mee gratanter concesserit Ego corporale prestiti juramentum me per hoc presens scriptum obligand’ quod capellanus qui pro tempore ministrabit antequam divina incipiat celebrare dicto vicario fidelitatis corporale prestabit sacramentum quod quamdiu ibidem in meo stabit obsequio ejusdem vicarii smas et mandata canonica quatenus ad dictum oratorium pertinet patienter susti- nebit et devote observabit et etiam quod omnes oblationes obventiones quoquo modo ad dictum oratorium meum pervenerint vicario prefate ecclesie de Esseburn’ sine omni retentione et dilatione plene persolvet et quod neminem ad _ ecclesiastica sacramenta admittet sine dicti vicarii licentia speciali. Si vero aliquis capellanus meus aliquas oblationes vel obventiones a dicto oratorio asportaverit Ego firmiter promitto sub debito prestiti juramenti me tantumdem de bonis meis propriis ecclesie de Esseburn’ fore soluturum Eandem ecclesiam in omnibus et per omnia servando indempnem. Ego vero cum libera familia mea bis in anno videlicet in festo dedicationis ecclesie de Esseburn’ et in festo sancti Oswaldi dictam ecclesiam parochialem ad audiendum divina visitabo cessante ~f&- * in oratorio memorato cantaria Nolo autem quod per istam concessionem mihi factam * Probably only a mark to fill up a space, CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 63 heredes mei vel aliquis mihi aliquo modo succedens aliquid juris in dicta cantaria sibi possint vendicare. Valetis semper in Domino. 71.—CAPELLA DE NEWBIGGYNG. Omnibus Xpi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Robertus de Esseburn’ miles Salutem eternam iv Domino. Noverit universitas vestra quod venerabilis vir Willelmus Linc’ ecclesie Decanus et Magister Alexander Blundus* capelle de Kniueton’ concesserunt michi cantariam in capella mea de Newbigg’ in hac forma Omnibus fidelibus ad quos_presens scriptum pervenerit Willelmus Linc’ ecclesie Decanus salutem in Domino. Noverit universitas vestra nos de assensu et voluntate Magistri Alexandri Blundi Rectoris capelle de Kniueton’ con- cessisse quantum in nobis est quod Robertus de Esseburn’ miles hanc cantariam in capella sua de Newbiggigg’ in parochia capelle de Kniueton’ quamdiu vixerit in habitu seculari sibi et libere familie sue et hospitibus suis sumptibus ipsius militis et honeribus in omnibus Salva in omnibus indempnitate matricis ecclesie de Esseburn’ et capelle de Kniueton’ et vicinarum ecclesiarum Ita quod oblationes a parochianis earum in dicta capella de Newbiggig’ recepte ipsarum ecclesiarum rectoribus seu vicariis quorum parochiani sunt fideliter et integre restituantur sine difficultate qualibet aut dilatione. Capellanus autem idoneus ibi celebraturus de assensu nostro et rectoris capelle de Kniueton antequam ibi celebret jurabit quod oblationes prefatas et omnes obyentiones que in dicta capella quocunque modo ad ipsum pervenerint supradictis rectoribus vel aliis secundum quod predictum est integre persolvet et quod omnia jura parochialia prefatis ecclesiis quantum in ipso est integra conservabit et illesa. Jurabit insuper tam miles supradictus quam capellanus suus ibi pro tempore institurus quod nec per se nec per alium aliquid uncquam machinabuntur per quod prefate ecclesie in temporalibus seu spiritualibus dampnum aliquod seu detrimentum intrant Et * Restoris apparently omitted here. 64 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE,. si forte quod absit dicte ecclesie vel earum aliqua occasione dicte cantarie lesa fuerint in aliquo nisi post tertiam commonicionem per nos vel per rectorem capelle de Kniveton’ faciendam com- pententem fuerit satisfactum licebit nobis vel rectori predicto dictam capellam a divinorum celebratione suspendere donec satisfactum fuerit competenter in hac parte juxta nostrum vel ipsius rectoris arbitrium In signum autem et recognitionem beneficii predicti dabit dictus miles quamdiu vixerit capelle de’ Kniueton’ unam libram cere die Sancti Michaelis Et in hujus rei testimonium presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui, 92. fAoverint universi quod cum venerabilis in Xpo pater H. Dei gratia Coventr’ et Lichesfeld’ Episcopus de assensu capituli Lich’ potestatem suam ordinandi de Ecclesia de Esseb’ cum capellis et earum pertinentiis discretis viris dominis W. Decano Lichefeld’ et W. Precentori Linc’ ecclesie commiserit ut ipsi vice sua Decani et Capituli Linc’ ecclesie concurrente consensu ordinent et statuant de premissis prout secundum dm viderint expedire Ipsi auctoritate pontificali suffulti et predictorum Capitulorum con- sensu muniti invocata Sancti Spiritus gratia in premisso negotio ordinando in hunc modum salubriter procedendo statuerunt videlicet quod dominus Decanus Lincoln’ qui pro tempore fuerit quincquaginta marcas ad duos terminos videlicet viginti quinque marcas infra octavas Pentecost’ et viginti quinque marcas infra octavas Sancti Martini de ecclesia de Esseb’ per manum vicarii de Esseb’ nomine pensionis percipiet annuatim. Decanus etiam I.inc’ qui pro tempore fuerit et ejus successores ad sex capellas videlicet de Kniueton’, de Mapilton’, de Torp, de Benecleg’, de Bradeleg’, de Edolueston’ loci diocesano cum eas vacare contigerit personas ydoneas presentabunt tamquam earum patroni. Salvis pensionibus dictarum capellarum quas Decanus Linc’ consuevit percipere de eisdem Decani etiam Linc’ qui pro tempore fuerint personas idoneas ad vicariam ecclesie de Esseb’ cum eam vacare contigerit Domino Coventr’ et Lich’ Episcopo CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 65 presentabit Ita quidem quod vicarius presentatus et admissus et ejus successores presentati et almissi proventus et obventiones omnes ecclesie de Esseb’ et capellarum de Peuewych’ de Hokenaston’ et de Aleshop’ tam in decimis majoribus et minoribus quam in oblacionibus quibuscunque tam in_terris et tenementis quam in firmis terrarum et homagiis tam in exitibus quam escaetis et omnibus aliis commoditatibus imperpetuum percipient nomine vicarie salvis quinquagenta marcis quas institutus vicarius et ejus Successores instituti et admissi sub juramenti astrictione Decanis Linc’ qui pro tempore fuerint in institutione sua facienda persolvent terminis statutis vicarius vero de Esseburn’ et ejus successores omnia onera ecclesie de Esseb’ et trium capellarum predictarum imperpetuum tam in spiritualibus quam in temporalibus sustinebunt in ecclesia de Essb’ per se ipsum personaliter cum duobus capellanis et uno diacono et uno subdiacono honorifice deserviendo et honeste et in tribus capellis videlicet Peuewich Hokenaston et Aleshop’ per capellanos idoneos tam in hospitalitate sectanda apud Esseb’ quam in divinis officiis in dicta matrici ecclesia et ejus tribus jam dictis’ capellis salubriter * sustinendis Et ut hec eorum ordinacio auctoritate majori suffulta futuris temporibus maneat inconcussa presentem paginam sigillorum venerabilis patris domini H. Coventr’ et Lich’ Episcopi necnon Decani Linc’ et etiam Capitulorum Linc’ et Lich’ ecclesiarum suorumque apposicione signorum roborari fecerunt. Dat’ quinto Id’ Januarii in major’ ecclesia Lich’ Anno gratie millesimo Ducentesimo quinquagesimo. 73. BULLA PAPE ALEXANDRI QUARTI CONTRA ASSIGNATIONEM PENSIONIS PREDICTE. Alexander Episcopus servus servorum Dei dilecto filio Magistro Ricardo Decano Linc’ salutem et apostolicam benedic- tionem. Ex tenore tue petitionis accepimus quod cum olim nonnulli Decani Lincolnienses predecessores tui ecclesiam de * Margin :—Benteley xiiis. iiild. Bradeleg vis. viiid. Edeleston, unam libram incensi. 6 66 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Esseburn’ Conuentren’ et Lichefelden’ dioc’ in qua racione tui Decanatus jus patronatus obtines in usus proprios tenuissent tandum per quandam advocacionem quam fecit bone memorie Conuentren’ et Lichefelden’ Episcopus loci diocesanus cum quodam Decano Lincoln’ predecessore tuo perpetuus est institutus in eadem ecclesia vicarius cui plusquaam medietas proventuum ejusdem ecclesie juxta ordinacionem eandem extitit deputata Conuentren’ et Lichefelden’ Capitulorum assensu ad id postmodum ut dicitur accendente in ipsius Decanatus et tuam non modicam lesionem unde humiliter petisti super hoc tibi et eidem Decanatui provideri. Nos itaque tuis supplicationibus inclinati ut tu vel successores tui dictum ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario cum nolimus ex premissis dictum Decanatum pati hujusmodi lesionem in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere revocare possitis ipsam dicto Decanatui cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinentiis applicando ac etiam ingredi possessionem ejus prout dictorem predecessorum tuorum tem- poribus ab ipsis haberi solebat diocesani vel archidiaconi loci aut cujuscunque alterius assensu minime requisito assignata tamen vicario qui pro tempore in eadem ecclesia fuerit de ipsius ecclesie proventibus portione congrua unde valeat commode sustentari et episcopalia et archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare ordinatione ac allis premissis nequaquam obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris apostolice sedis super quorum- cunque pensionibus imperpetuis vel imposterum impetrandis seu reservationibus aut inhibitionibus per eas factis vel etiam faciendis seu aliis litteris vel indulgentiis apostolicis a quibus- cunque obtentis vel etiam obtinendis per quas hujusmodi gratia impediri valeat vel differri auctoritate presentium indulgen’. Nulli ergo omnino homini liceat hance paginam nostre con- cessionis infrangere vel ei ausu temerario contraire Si quis autem hoc acceptare presumpserit indignatione omnipotentis Dei et Beatorum Petri et Pauli Apostolorum ejus se noverit incursurum Dat Viterbij xii, kal’ Junij Pontificatus nostri Anno quarto. CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNF. 67 74. BULLA ALEXANDRI PRO ASHEBURN’. Universis xpi fidelibus presentes literas inspecturis vel audituris Ricardus miseracione divina Lincoln’ episcopus et ejusdem loci capitulum salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra nos litteras domini pape vera bulla bullatas non cancellatas non abolitas nec in aliqua sui parte viciatas inspexisse sub hac forma Alexander Episcopus servus servorum Dei dilectis filiis Decano Ebor’ et Archidiacono Oxon’ Linc’ dioc’ salutem et apostolicam benedictionem Ex tenore petitionis dilecti filii Magistri Ricardi Decani Linc’ accepimus quod cum olim nonnulli Decani Linc’ predecessores sui ecclesiam de Esseburn’ Conuentren’ et Lichefelden’ dioc’ in qua racione sui Decanatus jus patronatus obtinet in usus proprios tenuissent tandem per quandam advoca- cionem quam fecit bone memorie Conuentren’ et Lichefelden’ episcopus loci diocesanus cum quondam Decano Linc’ predecessore suo perpetuus est institutus in eadem ecclesia vicarius cui plusquam medietas proventuum ejusdem ecclesie juxta ordina- cionem eandem extitit deputata Conuentren’ et Lichefelden’ Capitulorum assensu ad id postmodum ut dicitur accedente in ipsius Decanatum et suam non modicam lesionem Unde dictus Decanus humiliter petiit super hoc sibi et eidem Decanatui provideri Nos igitur ipsius supplicacionibus inclinari ut idem Decanus vel successores sui dictam ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario cum nolimus ex premissis dictum Decanatum pati hujusmodi lesionem in proprios usus Decanat’ ejusdem libere revocare possint ipsam Decanatui predicto cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinentiis applicando ac eciam ingredi possessionem ejus prout dictorum predecessorum suorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat diocesani vel archi- diaconi loci aut cujuscunque alterius assensu minime requisito assignata tamen vicario qui pro tempore in eadem ecclesia fuerit de ipsius ecclesie proventibus porcione congrua Unde valeat commode sustentari et episcopalia et archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesia (s¢e.) onera supportare ordinacione ac_ aliis premissis nequaquam obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris apostolice 68 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. sedis super quorumcunque pension!bus impetratis seu reserva- cionibus aut inhibicionibus per eas factis vel eciani faciendis seu aliis litteris vel indulgenciis apostolicis a quibuscunque obtentis vel eciam obtinendis per quas hujusmodi gratia impediri valeat vel differri per nostras litteras duximus indulgend’ Quocirca discre- cioni vestre per apostolica scripta mandamus quatinus predictum Decanum vel successores ipsius aut eorum procuratorem ipsorum nomine in ejusdem ecclesie possessionem cedente vel decedente predicto vicario per vos vel alios inducatis et defendatis inductos contradictores per censuram ecclesiasticam appellacione post posita compescendo non obstante si aliquibus a sede apostolica sit indultum quod interdici suspendi vel excommunicari non possint et constitucione de duabus dictis edita in concilio generali Quod si non ambo hiis exequendis potueritis interesse alter vestrum ea nichilominus exequatur Dat’ Viterbii xii kal’ Junij pontificatus nostro anno quarto In cujus rei testimonium sigilla nostra presentibus duximus apponenda Dat’. ..... . . [blank] ii Idus Aprilis Anno Domini Millesimo CC? sexagesimo. 75. ORDINACIO VICARIE DE ASHEBURN’ CONTRA DECANUM. Woverint universi quod cum venerabilis in xpo pater H. dei gratia Couentr’ et Liche’ Episcopus de assensu capituli Lichesf’ potestatem suam ordinandi de ecclesia de Esseburn’ cum capellis et earum pertinentiis discretis viris dominis W. Decano Lichef’ et W. Precentori Linc’ ecclesie commiserit ut ipsi vice sua Decani et Capituli Linc’ ecclesie concurrente consensu ordinent et statuant de premissis prout secundum dm viderint expedire Ipsi auctoritate pontificali suffulti et predictorum capitulorum consensu muniti invocata Spiritus Sancti gratia in premisso negocio ordinando in hunc modum salubriter procedendo statuerunt videlicet quod dominus Decanus Lincoln’ qui pro tempore fuerit quinquaginta marcas ad duos terminos videlicet viginti quinque marcas infra octavas Pentecost’ et viginti quinque marcas infra octavas S. Martini de ecclesia de Esseburn’ apud Esseburn’ per manum vicarii de Esseburn’ nomine pensionis percipiet annuatim CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 69 Decanus etiam Lincoln’ qui pro tempore fuerit et ejus successores ad sex capellas videlicet de Kniueton’ de Mapelton’ de Torp’ de Benetley de Bradeley de Edoluoston’ loci diocesano cum eas vacare contigerit personas idoneas presentabunt tanquam earum patroni salvis pensionibus dictarum capellarum quas Decanus Linc’ consuevit percipere de eisdem. Decani etiam Lincoln’ qui pro tempore fuerint personas idoneas ad vicariam ecclesie de Esseburn’ cum eam vacare contigerit Domino Couentrens’ et Lichefeld’ Episcopo presentabunt Ita quidem quod vicarius presentatus et admissus et ejus successores presentati et admissi proventus et obvenciones omnes ecclesie de Esseburn’ et capellarum de Peuerwich’ de Hokenaston’ et de Aleshop tam’ in decimis majoribus et minoribus quam in oblacionibus quibuscunque tam in terris et tenementis quam in firmis terrarum et homagiis tam in exitibus quam eschaetis et omnibus aliis commoditatibus imperpetuum percipient nomine vicarie salvis quinquaginta marcis quas institutus vicarius et ejus suc- cessores instituti et admissi sub juramenti astrictione Decanis Lincoln’ qui pro tempore fuerint in institucione sua facienda persolvent terminis statutis vicarius vero de Esseburn’ et ejus Successores omnia onera ecclesie de Esseburn’ et trium capellarum supradictarum imperpetuum tam in spiritualibus quam in temporalibus sustinebunt in ecclesia de Esseburn’ per se ipsum personaliter cum duobus capellanis et uno diacono et uno Subdiacono honorifice deserviendo et honeste et in tribus capellis videlicet Peuerwich’ Hokenaston’ et Aleshop’ per capellanos idoneos tam in hospitalitate sectanda apud Esseburn’ quam in divinis officiis in dicta matrici ecclesia et ejus tribus jam dictis capellis salubriter sustinend’ Et ut hec eorum ordinacio auctoritate majori suffulta futuris maneat temporibus inconcussa presentem paginam sigillorum venerabilis patris domini H. Couentrens’ et Lichesfeld’ Episcopi necnon et Decani Lincoln’ et etiam Capitulorum Lincoln’ et Lichesf’ ecclesiarum suorumque apposicione signorum roborari fecerunt Act’ quinto Idus Januarij in majori ecclesia Lichesf’ Anno gracie millesimo ducentesimo quadragesimo. 7° CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 76.: Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis has litteras visuris Thomas Taisard sacerdos salutem. Noverit universitas vestram Ccausam inter me et dominum M. de Alben’ ventilatam super decimis garbarum et minutis decimis de dominico de Hambrissham’ excepta una carrata avene quam _ vicarius ecclesie de Esseburn’ percipere consuevit amicabili compo- sicione inter nos hoc modo conquievisse scilicet quod. ego Thomas predictas decimas toto tempore vite mee sicut eas umguam melius tenui decetero de predicta ecclesia tenebo et persona ejusdem ecclesie Reddendo inde annuatim duas libras cere ad festum Nativitatis Sancte Marie Et ut predicta composicio perpetuam optineat firmitatem tactis sacrosanctis juravi me predictam composicionem fideliter observaturum et presens scriptum sigilli mei appositione roboravi Hiis testibus Magistro Ricardo de Mukingistn Magistro Willelmo de Scortu Magistro Torold’ de Duham, Danielem vicario de Wippingham, Reginaldo de Colewic’ Ricardo de Chaneni. 77: : Omnibus presentes litteras inspecturis Magister Petrus Cay Theoney domini pape subdiaconus ejusque litterarum corrector ac ipsarum contradictarum auditoris officium de mandato dicti domini pape gerens Salutem in Domino. Noveritis quod cum inter Magistrum Petrum de Urbenetri’ clericum procuratorem. . . Decani ecclesie Linc’ pro ipso in Romana curia impetrantem ex parte una et Eadmundum de Warefeld’ clericum procuratorem Petri de Wintonia clerici pro ipso contradicentem ex altera aliquamdiu super convenientia loci et judicium foret in nostra presentia litigatum tandem prefati procuratores Magist’ P. pro sua parte venerabilem patrem Archiepiscopum Cantuarien’ et *E sua priorem Westmonasterii Londonien’ judices elegerunt et *This has been written Exsua, and then the x crossed out and d (meaning, I suppose de/.) put over the . CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 7I in venerabilem patrem Episcopum Londonien’ tanquam medium et communem Judicem communiter et concorditer convenerunt Hoc acto de communi concordia inter procuratores prefatos quod iidem judices apud Civitatem Londonien’ conveniant ibidem tractandi de causa et negocio infra scriptis secundum re- scriptum apostolicum quod ad ipsos dirigitur sub hac forma. Gregorius episcopus, &c., venerabilibus fratribus. . . Archie- piscopo Cantuar’ . . Episcopo et dilecto filio priori Westmon’ London’ salutem, &c. Sua nobis dilectus filius Decanus ecclesie Linc’ petitione monstravit quod licet quondam Robertus de Mariscis Decanus Lincoln’ predecessor suus ecclesiam de Esseburn’ Conventren’ dioc’ in qua racione decanatus sui ejusdem ecclesie Lincolniensis idem Decanus jus patronatus habebat usibus dicti Decanatus auctoritate litterarum sedis apostolice deputatum in usus hujusmodi retineret et pacifice possideret eandem. Demum tamen clare memorie Henricus Rex Anglie predictum jus patronatus ad se pertinere pretendens Petrum de Wintonia clericum ad ecclesiam ipsam tanquam ad vacantem venerabili fratri nostro Conuentren’ et Lichefeld’ Episcopo presentavit quem dictus Episcopus de facto instituit in eadem quam dictus Petrus hujusmodi presentacionis et institucionis pretextu detinet minusjuste in ipsius decani et decanatus prejudicium et gravamen. Quarum idem Decanus © nobis humiliter supplicavit ut easdem presentacionem et institucionem nullas penitus nunciari et ab ea predictum clericum amoveri dictoque Decano ipsam restitui per eum et successores suos in usus retinendam predictos per discretum aliquem faceremus Quo circa discrecioni nostre per apostolica scripta mandamus quatinus vocatis qui fuerint evocandi et auditis hinc inde prepositis quod canonicum fuerit appellacione postposita decernatis facientes, &c. Testes autem &c. Quod si non omnes &c. duo ves- _trum &c, Dat’ Lugd’ V Kl. Augusti pontificatus nostri anno tercio. Tenor autem procuracionis quo prefatus Magister Eadmundus de Warefeld’ ad contradicendum predictas litteras in Romana Curia coram nobis utebatur est talis Omnibus presentibus litteras inspecturis Magister Petrus Canonicus Thonen’ 72 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. domini pape subdiaconus ejusque litterarum corrector ac ipsarum contradictarum auditoris officium de mandato dicti domini pape gerens salutem in domino Noveritis quod Magister Johannes de Letford’* clericus procurator Petri de Wintonia Rectoris ecclesie de Esseburn’ Conuentren’ Lichefelden’ dioc’ in nostra presentia constitutus habens ab ipso potestatem alium vel alios sustinendit procuratores in Romana curia loco sui prout in litteris inde confectis plenius vidimus continetur Quarum tenor talis est Sanctissimo in Christo Patri et Reverentissimo domino Gregorio dei gratia Sacrosancte Romane ecclesie summo pontifici sue sanctitatis clericus humilis et devotus Petrus de Wintonia Rector ecclesie de Esseburn’ Conuentr’ et Lichefeld’ dioc’ in Anglia cum omni subjectione et reverentia pedum oscula beatorum ad impetrand’ litteras simplices et legendas et contradicend’ judices eligend’ et conveniend’ in eos in Curia vestre sanctitatis dilectum in Magistrum Johannem de Betford clericum procuratorem meum verum et legitimum ordino et constituo dans eidem potestatem alium vel alios procuratorem vel procuratores loco sui substituendi et ejus vel eorum procuratoria revocandi quocies viderit expedire ratum habiturus et firmum quicquid idem Johannes vel substitutus vel substituti ab eo nomine meo in premissis duxerit vel duxerint faciendum In cujus rei testimonium una cum sigillo meo ad majorem fidem sigillum religiosi viri Abbatis de Hyda Winton’ apponi presentibus procuravi Dat’ Winton’ in festo beati Gregorii anno domini m° cc™® Ixx. iii® substituit Magistrum Eadmundum de Warefeld’ clericum procuratorem in eadem curia loci sui pro dicto rectore ad omnia et singula supradicta In cujus rei testimonium nos supradictus Magister Petrus presentes litteras fieri fecimus et audiencie contradictarum sigillo munimus Dat’ Lugd’ viii. kal’ Augusti pontificatus domini Gregorii pape x. anno tercio, anno vero domini m° cc™ Ixx® iilit In quorum testimonium nos supradictus Petrus presentes literas fieri fecimus et audiencie contradictarum sigillo munimus. Dat’ Lug’ iii. Id’ Augusti pontificatus domini Gregorii pape x. anno tercio. * Written Betford below. + Probably scribe’s error for substituendi. CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 73 78. BULLA POPE GREGORII DECIMI SUPER ECCLESIA DE ESsEBURN’. Gregorius Episcopus servus servorum dei venerabilibus fratribus Archiepiscopo Cantuarien’. Episcopo (sic) et Dilecto filio Priori Westmonasterii London’ Salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem Sua nobis dilectus filius Decanus ecclesie Lincolniensis petitione monstravit quod licet quondam Robertus de Mariocis Decanus Lincolniensis predecessor suus ecclesiam de Esseburn’ Conuentren’ dyoc’ in qua ratione Decanatus sui eidem* ecclesie Lincolniensis idem Decanus jus patronatus habebat usibus dicti Decanatus auctoritate litterarum sedis Apostolice deputatam (sc) in usus hujusmodi canonice retineret et pacifice possideret eandem Demum tamen clare memorie Henricus Rex Anglie predictum jus patronatus ad se pertinere pretendens Petrum de Wintonia clericum ad ecclesiam ipsam tanquam ad vacantem venerabili fratri nostro Conuentren’ et Lich’ Episcopo presentavit quem dictus Episcopus de facto instituit in eadem quam dictus Petrus hujusmodi presentationis et institutionis pretextu detinet minus juste in ipsius Decani et dicti Decanatus prejudicium et gravamen Quarum idem decanus nobis humiliter supplicavit ut easdem presentationem et institutionem nullas penitus nunciari seu irritari et ab ea predictum clericum amoveri dictoque Decano ipsam restitui per eum et successores suos in usus retinendam predictos per discretum aliquem faceremus Quocirca discretioni vestre per apostolica scripta mandamus quatinus vocatis qui fuerint evocandi Regia persona excepta, et auditis hinc inde prepositis quod canonicum fuerit appellatione postposita decernatis facientes quod decreveritis per censuram ecclesiasticam firmiter observari Testes autem qui fuerint nominati si se gratia odio vel timore subtraxerint “per censuram eandem appellatione cessante cogatis veritati Testimonium perhibere Quod si non omnes hiis exequendis potueritis interesse duo vestrum ea nichilominus exequantur. Dat’ Lugdun’ V kal’ Augusti Pontificatus nostri anno tercio. * Probably Scribe’s error for ‘‘ ejusdem.” 74 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 79: Universis ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Magister Jordanus de Wimburn’ nunc Archidiaconus Cestr’ Coventrens’ et Lich’ dioc’ et Jordanus de Linc’ canonicus Linc’ salutem in domino sempiternam Noverit universitas vestra nos quamdam litteram veneralibis Patris domini Rogeri de Meulent’ Couentr’ et Lich’ Episcopi venerabili viro Magistro Olivero de Sutton’ Decano Linc’ directam inspexisse et recepisse sub hac forma Venerande discretionis viro Magistro O. Decano Linc’ R. per- missione divina Coventr’ et Lich’ Episcopus salutem in veri nomine Salvatoris ut Magistri J. Archidiaconus Derb’ (szc) et Jordanus de Linc’ canonicus Linc’ die Martis prox’ post festum Nativitatis Beate Marie Virginis apud Derleg’ prope Derb’ simul conveniant et probationes nostras in forma inter capitulum nostrum Lych’ et nos nuper condita recipiant bene volumus et consentimus semper in domino valeatis Dat’ apud Heywod’ XVII kal’ Septembris anno gratie M°. CC°. LXX°. nono. Hujus igitur auctoritate litere necnon et demandato ac manifesta volun- tate ejusdem domini Episcopi secundum Capituli sui predicti consilium nobis Magistro Jordano de Wimburn’ vive vocis oraculo sepe expressa quosdam testes septemdecim numero coram nobis ex parte predicti domini Decani die et loco predictis productos viros utique fide dignos et quantum sciri potuit omni exceptione majores super articulo seu negotio de quo in attesta- tionibus infrascriptis sit mentio recepimus ac ipsos in forma juris juratos tam fideliter quam diligenter in propriis personis nostris examinavimus quorum depositionum in scriptis redactarum et demum publicatarum copiam eidem domino Decano ad majorem veritatis evidentiam concessimus et fecimus quarum tenor talis est. Articula Magistri Oliveri Decani Linc’ est quod olim nonnulli decani ecclesie Linc’ ecclesiam de Esseburn’ in qua ratione Decanatus sui jus patronatus habebant in proprios usus tenuerunt. Dominus Matheus de Kirketon’ miles juratus et requisitus super articulo suprascripto [ejnt] dicit quod quidem Decanus Linc’ nomine Willelmus de Tornay ecclesiam de Esseburn’ in Archi- diaconatu Derbeye in proprios usus tenuit et possedit ratione Eo CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, 75 Decanatus Linc’ dicit etiam quod vidit quemdam nomine Nicholaum rectorem totalis ecclesie de Esseburn’ post cujus obitum vidit quod dictus W. de Tornay tunc Decanus Linc’ dictam ecclesie (sc) de Esseburn’ cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis toto tempore quo fuit Decanus ratione sui Decanatus libere tenuit et possedit Requisitus qualiter scit quod dictus Decanus dictam ecclesiam ratione dicti Decanatus tenuisset dicit quod per hoc quod dicta ecclesia transivit una cum _predicto Decanatu ad successores dicti Willelmi decanos Linc’ usque ad tempus Magistri Roberti de Marisc’. Dicit etiam quod vidit quod Rogerus de Wesinham’ quondam Decanus Linc’ dictam ecclesiam cum omnibus suis juribus pacifice possedit et tenuit et capellas que de advocatione dicte ecclesie esse dinoscuntur ratione dicti decanatus contulit et hoc sibi bene constat per hoc quod idem Rogerus contulit capellam de Bentelle domino Willelmo penitentiar’ canonico Lich’ qui dictam capellam adhuc possidet ex collatione predicta. Requisitus tempore cujus Episcopi dictus Willelmus de Tornay dictam ecclesiam ratione dicti decanatus tenuisset dicit quod bene recolit quod tempore Alexandri Episcopi Lich’ dictam ecclesiam tenuit modo supradicto. Requisitus quantum tempus elapsum est post ea dicit quod non recolit. Decit etiam quod omnia ista publica sunt et notoria in partibus de Esseburn’ et in toto vicino. Dominus Rogerus de M’sington’ miles juratus et diligenter examinatus dicit quod idem quod prejuratus eo addito quod dicit quod temporibus cujusdam Decani Linc’ post Rogerum de Wesinham’ Decanum Linc’ fuit quedam vicaria ordinata in ecclesia memorata de Esseburn’ ut audivit ex quadam ordinatione ita ut vicarius ejusdem solveret annis singulis suo perpetuo Decano Linc’ qui pro tempore fuerit quinquaginta marcas sterlingorum. De qua ordinatione nichil scit nisi ex relatu aliorum. Simon de Clifton’ manens in Esseburn’ juratus et diligenta examinatus in omnibus idem dicit quod Dominus Rogerus prejuratus. Thomas Herm de Esseburn’ juratus et diligenter examinatus in omnibus idem dicit quod Dominus Rogerus prejuratus. 76 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Dominus Ricardus de Launcercumbe rector unius portionis ecclesie de Derley juratus et diligenter examinatus dicit quod ipse aliquando fuit de familia domini Willelmi de Tornay Decani Linc’ et consanguineus ejusdem vidit et scivit quod dictus decanus tenuit et habuit dictam ecclesiam de Esseburn’ in usus proprios ratione dicti decanatus plene et integre cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinentiis. Requisitus qualiter hoc scit quod tenuit dictam ecclesiam in proprios usus dicit quod per hoc quod quidem Decanus Rogerus de Rolleston’ nomine optinuit centum solidos nomine pensionis a quodam Nicholao Rectore illius ecclesie de Esseburn’ ita quod cedente vel decedente eodem Nicholao dicta ecclesia perpetuis temporibus cederet in proprios usus dicti Decanatus Linc’. Requisitus si vidisset dictum Rogerum de Rolleston’ decanum Linc’ dicit quod non sed hec publica sunt et notoria in partibus illis. Et dictus Willelmus de Tornay Decanus Linc’ statim post mortem dicti Nicholai ingressus est possessionem illius ecclesie de Esseburn’ et eam tenuit cum omnibus suis juribus quousque ingressus fuit religionem. Et quod Rogerus de Wesinham decanus Linc’ successit in illa ecclesia de Esseburn’ ratione sui Decanatus Requisitus si dicti Decani dictam ecclesiam in usus proprios ratione dicti Decanatus tenuissent de consensu et voluntate loci diocesani dicit quod sit. Requisitus qualiter hoc sciat quod sciente et approbante loci dyocesano dicti Decani dictam ecclesiam ratione dicti Decanatus in usus_proprios tenuissent dicit quod per hoc quod uterque ipsorum tempore suo presentavit quosdam clericos ad quasdam capellas que sunt de advocatione dicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ dicto Episcopo presentatos predictos admittente ad ipsorum Decanorum presentationem tanquam rectorum ecclesie de Esseburn’. Item dicit quod dicta ecclesia de Esseburn’ tempore utriusque decani officiata fuit per capellanos et alios ministros Decani Linc’ et quod uterque Decanus predictus publice habitus fuit et vulgariter appelatus Rector ecclesie de Esseburn’ et quod domus terre possessiones et alia bona ejusdem ecclesie disponebantur per Decanos Linc’ et servientes suos quod dicit publicum esse et notorium in partibus illis. Dicit etiam quod postea ordinata fuit CHARTERS CONNECrED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Ti quedam vicaria in ecclesia memorata cujus vicarius solveret annuatim suo perpetuo Decano Linc’ quinquaginta marcas. Requisitus temporibus cujus Episcopi dictus Willelmus de Tornay dictam ecclesiam modo supradicto tenuisset dicit quod temporibus Alexandri Episcopi ingressus fuit possessionem ejusdem et postea temporibus Hugonis Episcopi dictus Willelmus ingressus fuit religionem. Requisitus quantum tempus elapsum est postquam dictus Willelmus de Tornay primo dictam ecclesiam ingressus ‘fuit dicit quod de lapsu temporis non bene recolit sed credit guod lapsi sunt quadraginta duo anni vel circiter a tempore quo Willelmus de Tornay predictus cessit per ingressum religionis. Dominus Ricardus de Barton’ capellanus parochialis de Derley in petto juratus et diligenter examinatus idem dicit in omnibus articulis quod dominus Ricardus de Launcercumbe prejuratus eo excepto quod de Rogero de Rolleston’ vel de aliqua pensione quam ipse precepisset nichil scit sed bene scit quod predicti Decani dictam ecclesiam de Esseburn’ ratione dicti decanatus in proprios usus tenuerunt per hoc quod ipsi ad quasdam capellas de advocatione dicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ quosdam clericos tanquam Decani Linc’ et rectores ejusdem ecclesie de Esseburn’ presentarunt et dicit quod omnia ipsa publica sunt et notoria in partibus illis. Dominus Thomas de Snalesdal’ juxta Esseburn’ capellanus juratus et diligenter examinatus idem dicit quod dominus Ricardus de Barton’ capellanus prejuratus hoc addito quod vidit et scivit quod dominus Willelmus de Tornay presentavit ad capellam de Thorp’ dominum Thomam de Bradeford’ et ad capellam de Mapelton’ Petrum de Butuile. Et quod Rogerus de Wesinham’ postea Decanus Linc’ presentavit ad capellam de Eldufyrston’ dominum Nicholaum de Ley et ad capellam de Bentel’ dominum Willelmum penitentiar’ nunc canonicum Lich’ qui adhuc superstes est et eam possidet. Frater Walterus de Sancto Edmundo monachus de Parco Lude ordinis Cysterc’ juratus et diligenter examinatus dicit quod ipse fuit aliq{uando] de familia domini Willelmi de Thornay Decani Linc’ et de possessione illius Decani quam habuit in 78 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. ecclesia de Esseburn’ et de presentationibus quas idem ‘fecit ad capellas deponit et dicit in omnibus sicut Ricardus de Launcer- cumbe prejuratus. Dominus Simon de Saham capellanus vicarius in ecclesia Linc’ juratus et diligenter examinatus dicit quod ipse fuit aliquando de familia domini Willelmi de Tornay Decani Linc’ et clericus capelle ipsius et dicit quod idem Willelmus Decanus presentavit ipsum ad capellam de Bradeley tanquam de jure vacantem et ad ejus presentationem ratione Decanatus et ecclesie de Esseburn’ spectantem et quod ipse optinuit literam inquisitionis faciende ab Alexandro episcopo Et quod inquisito dicebat quod Decanus Linc’ verus fuit ejus capelle patronus et quod illa capella vacuit de jure eo quod ille qui incumbebat tunc possessioni ejusdem succes- sit patri suo immediate in eadem qui postea vocatus coram Episcopo probavit quod pater ipsius erat firmarius illius capelle. In aliis omnibus idem dicit quod Ricardus de Launcercumbe prejuratus. Walterus de Launcercumbe manens in Matloke in petto laicus juratus et dilipenter examinatus dicit quod ipse aliquando fuit de familia dicti Willelmi de Tornay Decani Linc’ et fuit serviens ipsius apud Esseburn’ et dicit quod ratione Decanatus Linc’ dictus Decanus dictam ecclesiam de Esseburn’ tenuit et possedit in usus proprios. Requisitus qualiter hoc scit quod illam ecclesiam tenuit ratione dicti Decanatus dicit quod per hoc quod ipse tanquam Decanus presentavit ad capellas que sunt de patronatu rectoris ecclesie de Esseburn’ et quod publicum fuit et notorium et est quod idem Willelmus de Tornay ratione Decanatus fuit Rector ejusdem ecclesie de Esseburn’. De lapsu temporis de nomine loci dyocesani et possessione Rogeri de Wesinham’ postea Decani Linc’ idem dicit quod Ricardus de Launcercumbe prejuratus. Henricus de Crumford laycus juratus et diligenter examinatus idem dicit quod Walterus de Launc’cumbe prejuratus hoc excepto quod dicit se fuisse usquam de familia domini Willelmi de Tornay decani Linc’. Ricardus de Caldlow dictus Le porter manens in Hotton’ laycus tamen literatus juratus et diligenter examinatus in omnibus et as CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 79 singulis articulis idem dicit quod prejuratus Henricus de Crumford’. Henricus dictus clericus de Mannefeld’ et Robertus de Mat- loke, Simon dictus le Bacheler’ de eadem, Radulfus de Mannes- feld’, Petrus de Petto layci jurati et examinati idem dicunt quod Henricus de Crumford’ prejuratus. In quorum omnium testi- monium et memoriam perpetuam sigillo nostra presentibus fecimus apponi. 80. Omnibus presentes litteras inspecturis R. divina miseratione Couentr’ et Lych’ Episcopus salutem in omnium Salvatore Noverit universitas vestra quod cum nonnulli decani_ Linc’ Ecclesiam de Esseburn’ Couentr’ et Lych’ dioc’ in qua ratione sui Decanatus jus patronatus tunc optinebant aliquamdiu~in proprios usus tenuissent tandem per quandam ordinacionem quam fecit . . bone memorie Couentri’ et Lich’ Episcopus loci diocesanus cum quondam Decano Linc’ ecclesie perpetuus est in ea institutus vicarius cum omnibus proventibus ejusdem ecclesie fuerant depu- tati Salvis dumtaxat quinquaginta marcis annuis Decano Linc’ ecclesie qui pro tempore fuerit per manus vicariorum perpetuis temporibus exsolvendis Couentri’ et Lich’ capitulorum assensu ad hoc ut dicitur accedente propter quod Magister Ricardus de Graveshende promotus postmodum in Decanatum reputans dictam ordinationem factam in ipsius Decanatus et suam non modicam lesionem ad sedem apostolicam accedens humiliter petiit super hoc sibi et eidem decanatui provideri cujus precibus pie recordationis Alexander tunc summus pontifex inclinatus nolens ex predictis dictum decanatum pati hujusmodi lesionem ut idem Magister (séc) vel successores sui decani ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario in proprios usus decanatus ejusdem libere possent revocare ipsam dicto decanatui cum omnibus suis juribus proven- tibus et pertinentiis applicando Ac etiam ingredi possessionem ejus prout dictorum suorum predecessorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat nostro vel Archidiaconi loci vel cujuslibet alterius assensu minime requisito Assignata tamen vicario qui pro 80 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. tempore fuerit in eadem ecclesia de ipsius ecclesie proventibus portione congrua unde valeat comode sustentari et episcopalia et archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare ordinatione aut premissis minime obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris sedis apostolice vel indulgentiis optentis vel optinendis per quas hujus gratia possit impediri vel differi auctoritate sedis apostolice duxit liberaliter indulgendum Cumque post hoc vacante vicaria memorata per mortem vicarii Magister Robertus de Mariscis tunc Decanus auctoritate predicte sedis possessionem predicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ nostro interveniente consensu expresso canonice fuisset adeptus et eandem per aliquod tempus pacifice possedisset de juri super possessione vel quasi juris patronatus ejusdem ecclesie ab illustri Rege Henrico quondam Rege Anglie in propria curia ipsius Regis conventus per Breve quod de ultima presenta- tione vulgariter appellatur in possessorio vel quasi contrariam sententiam reportavit coram judice seculari sicque dicto Rege illustri presentare Petrum de Wynton’ tunc Wynton’ nunc Couentr’ et Lich’ dioc’ nobis Couentr’ et Lich’ Episcopo nos demandato Regis et precepto speciali per varias districtiones artati et com- pulsi predictum Petrum ad ecclesiam de Esseburn’ admissimus juxta regni consuetudinem et rectorem instituimus in eadem predicto decano per nostram vel alterius judicis ecclesiastici sen- tentiam ab eadem ecclesia non amoto. Et quia hec per dioc’ Couentr’ et Lich’ publica sunt et notoria Nos R. dei gratia Couentr’ & Lich’ Episcopus in memoriam rei geste presentibus in formam publicam redactis sigillum nostrum apponi fecimus in testimonium veritatis Act’ mense februarii anno Domini M?°. CC™. septuagesimo tercio. 81. Pateat universis presentes litteras inspecturis quod cum nonnulli Decani Linc’ ecclesiam de Esseburn’ Couentr’ et Lich’ dioc’ in qua ratione sui Decanatus jus patronatus tunc optinebant aliquamdiu in proprios usus tenuissent, tandem per quandam ordinationem quam fecit ... bone memorie Couentr’ et Lich’ amet CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 81 Episcopus loci diocesanus cum quondam Decano Linc’ ecclesie perpetuus est in ea institutus vicarius cui omnes preventus ejusdem ecclesie fuerant deputati Salvis dumtaxat quinquaginta marcis annuis Decano Linc’ ecclesie qui pro tempore fuerit per manus vicariorum perpetuis temporibus exsolvendis Couentr’ et Lich’ capitulorum assensu ad hoc ut dicitur accedente propter quod Magister Ricardus de Graveshend’ promotus postmodum in decanum reputans dictam ordinationem factam in ipsius Decanatus et suam non modicam lesionem ad sedem apostolicam accedens humiliter petiit super hoc sibi et eidem decanatui provideri cujus precibus pie recordationis Alexander tunc summus pontifex inclinatus nolens ex predictis dictum Decanatum pati hujusmodi lesionem ut idem Magister vel successores sui dictam ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere possent revocare ipsam dicto Decanatui cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinentiis applicando ac etiam ingredi possessionem ejus prout dictorum suorum predecessorum temporibus ab ipsis_haberi solebat, dioc[esani] vel archidiaconi loci vel cujuslibet alterius assensu minime requisito Assignata tamen vicario qui pro tempore in eadem ecclesia fuerit de ipsius ecclesie proventibus portione congrua unde valeat comode Sustentari et episcopalia et archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare, ordinatione aut premissis minime obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris sedis apostolice vel indulgentiis optentis aut optenendis per quas hujusmodi gratia possit impediri vel differi auctoritate sedis apostolice duxit liberaliter indulgendum. Cumque post hec vacante vicaria memorata per mortem vicarii Magister Robertus de Mariscis tunc Decanus auctoritate predicte sedis possessionem predicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ canonice fuisset adeptus et eandem per aliquod tempus pacifice possedisset demum super possessione vel quasi juris patronatus ejusdem ecclesie ab illustri Rege Henrico quondam Rege Anglie in propria curia ipsius Regis conventus per breve quod de ultima presentatione vulgariter appellatur in possessorio vel quasi contrariam sententiam reportavit coram judice seculari sicque 7 82 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. dicto Rege illustri presentante Petrum de Wynton’ clericum tunc Wynt’ nunc Couentr’ et Lich’ dioc’ venerabili patri . . . episcopo Couentr’ et Lich’, Idem venerabilis pater de mandato Regis et precepto speciali predictum Petrum ad ecclesiam de Esseburn’ admisit et rectorem instituit in eadem predicto Decano per suam vel alterius judicis ecclesiastici sententiam ab eadem ecclesia non amoto. Et quia hec per dioc’ Couentr’ et Lich’ publica sunt et notoria Nos Decanus et Capitulum Lich’ in memoriam rei. geste presentibus in formam publicam redactis sigillum nostrum apponi fecimus in testimonium veritatis. Act’ in Capitulo nostro Lich’ Anno Domini M® CC® septuagesimo tercio infra octav’ purificationis Beate Marie Virginis. 82. Fnquisicio facta in ecclesia de Esseburn’ super eadem in pleno loci capitulo ibidem celebrato in Crastino Sanctorum Marcellini et Petri anno Domini M® CC™ > sexagesimo per archidiaconum loci ad mandatum venerabilis in Xpo patris domini R. dei gratia Couentr’ et Lich’ episcopi. Dicit Inquisicio quod ecclesia non vacat quia Magister Robertus de Mariscis Decanus Linc’ est rector ejusdem a domino R. dei gratia nunc Episcopo admissus et institutus in eadem et auctoritate ejusdem per loci Archidiaconum in corporalem possessionem inductus tanquam persona ejusdem pretextu L marcarum quas tanquam Rector ejusdem percepit annuatim ratione pensionis quam quidem pensionem tres sui predecessores similiter per- ceperunt per manus bone memorie domini Johannis quondam vicarii ejusdem ecclesie qui obiit in vigilia Pasch’ anno supra- dicto secundum ordinationem quandam inde confectam. Dicit etiam quod idem Robertus Decanus est in corporali possessione ejusdem ecclesie auctoritate domini Conuentr’ et Lich’ Episcopi nomine custodie sibi ab eodem domino concesse. Dicit etiam quod Decanus ecclesie Linc’ est patronus dicte ecclesie qui et rector quia Rogerus de Rolleston quondam Decanus ecclesie Linc’ presentavit tanquam patronus ejusdem CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF. ASHBURNE. 83 ecclesie quemdam Nicholaum de Esseburn’ ad dictam ecclesiam de Esseburn’, loci diocesanus (séc.) qui ad hujusmodi presenta- tionem ipsum admisit et instituit in eadem cum suis pertinentiis Qui quidem Nicholaus dictam ecclesiam sic pacifice possedit toto tempore vite sue, post dictam suam institutionem per triginta annos et amplius, quo quidem defuncto, dominus Willelmus de Turnacho tunc decanus Linc’ tenuit dictam ecclesiam in proprios usus ex gratia bone memorie domini Alexandri tune episcopi loc quousque idem Decanus Linc’ intravit religionem, qui ante ejus ingressum presentavit Walterum de Cayam capellanum ad vicariam dicte ecclesie non tunc ordinatam nec taxatam. Post- modum vero dominus Rogerus de Wesham’ Decanus Linc’ presentavit Johannem de Bertham’ capellanum ad ipsam ecclesiam ut credit idem capitulum, qui quidem Johannes secundum ordinationem factam super ecclesia de Esseburn’ usque ad mortem suam pacifice ipsam ecclesiam tenuit nomine vicarie solvendo inde annuatim nomine personatus Decanis_ ecclesie Linc’ qui pro tempore fuerint quinquaginta marcas sterlingorum et dicto Waltero de Cayham quamdiu vixit triginta marcas nomine simplicis beneficii. Estimatio autem dicte ecclesie cum omnibus suis capellis est quater viginti marc’ annuatim et est sine lite nisi quo ad hoc, quod dominus Rex jam de novo presentavit dominum Petrum de Winton’ clericum ad eandem persona autem presentata ignota est Capitulo et ideo de meritis ipsius non constat eidem Capitulo. 83. DE ADVOCATIONE ECCLESIE DE ASSHEBURN’ DATA Reci Epwarpo. Sciant presentes et futuri quod nos frater Johannes Abbas et Conventus Monasterii Vallis Regal’ de Comitatu Cestrie reddimus et pro nobis et successoribus nostris quietum clamavimus Egregio principi domino. Edwardo Regi Anglie illustri fundatori “monasterii nostri predicti advocationem ecclesie de Esseburn’ et omnium Capellarum ejusdem quam quidem advocationem, idem dominus et fundator loci nostri predicti nobis per cartam suam dederat et dominus H. quondam rex Anglie pater ejus nobis 84 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. confirmaverat volentes et concedentes pro nobis et successoribus nostris quod idem dominus fundator noster et heredes sui advocationem illam habeant et voluntatem suam inde faciant absque impedimento et reclamatione nostri vel successorum nostrorum Ita quod nec nos nec successores nostri aliquid juris vel clamii in advocatione dicte ecclesie possimus de cetero vendicare imperpetuum In cujus Rei testimonium sigillum nostrum appendimus Hiis testibus venerabilibus patribus dominis Thoma de Cantilupo Herford’ et Willelmo de Midilt’ Norwycen’ episcopis, dominis Willelmo de Valentia, Roberto de Tybecot’, Rogero de Mortuo Mari, Hugone fil’ Ottonis, Magistro Thoma Beek, Domino Antonio Beek, Domino Johanne de Kirkeby, Magistris Rogero de Seyton’, Roberto de Scardeburg’ et Domino Radulfo de Hengham’ et aliis. [Vide hoc idem in facto Abbatis de Valle Regalis de ecclesia de Esseburn’ in undecimo folio sequenti.] 84. Howarodus dei gratia Rex Anglia Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie Archiepiscopis Episcopis Abbatibus Prioribus Comitibus Baronibus Justitiarlis Vicecomitibus presbiteris ministris et omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis salutem. Sciatis quod cum dominus Willelmus quondam Rex Anglie caritatis intuitu et pro salute anime sue et animarum antecessorum ac heredum suorum per cartam suam dedisset et concessisset deo et ecclesie beate Marie Linc’ advocationem ecclesie. de Esseburn’ in antiquo dominico corone Anglie site quam ecclesiam plures Decani Linc’ per loci diocesanos et sedem apostolicam Decanatui Linc’ postmodum appropriatam in proprios usus pacifice possederunt quousque celebris memorie dominus Henricus Rex pater noster in Curia sua apud Turrim London’ per consideracionem ejusdem’ curie sue per breve ultime presentacionis recuperasset presentacionem suam.ad eandem ecclesiam de Esseburn’ versus Episcopum et Decanum et capitulum ecclesie Lincoln’, cujus ecclesie advoca- cionem ab eodem patre nostro post predicte presentacionis ——_——— CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, 85 recuperacionem nobis datam per cartam nostram inter alia in eadem carta nostra contenta dedimus et concessimus Deo et beate Marie et ecclesie tunc de Dernhale nunc de Valle Regali vocate in Comitatu Cestr’ que est de fundacione nostra necnon et Abbati et monachis ibidem deo imperpetuum servituris., Cumque venerabilis pater Ricardus Lincoln’ Episcopus et dilectus nobis in Xpo Magister Oliverus de Sutton’ Decanus Lincoln’ ac Capitulum ejusdem ecclesie asserentes se et ecclesiam Lincoln’ ex donacione predicti domini Regis Willelmi jus habere in advoca- cione dicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ ipsam advocacionem coram nobis et nostro consilio petuissent et iidem Abbas et Conventus de Valle Regali pro ipsis et successoribus suis jam ad nostram instanciam et requisicionem prefatam advocacionem ecclesie de Esseburn’ per cartam suam reddiderint et dimiserint concesserint et quietum clamaverint nobis et heredibus nostris de se et successoribus suis imperpetuum Nos donacionem advocacionis dicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ per predictum dominum Regem Willelmum deo et ecclesie Linc’ factam ratam habentes et firmam et si quid in ea diminutum fuerit pro salute anime predicti Regis patris nostri et nostre ac animarum progenitorum et heredum nostrorum perpresentem cartam nostram suplere volentes advoca- cionem ejusdem ecclesie et omnium capellarum de eadem spectancium dictis Episcopo Decano et Capitulo Lincoln’ ut jus suum reddidimus et insuper eandem advocacionem eis pro nobis et heredibus nostris damus concedimus et quietum clamavimus Habend’ et Tenend’ eisdem Episcopo et Decano et Capitulo et successoribus suis quietam de nobis et heredibus nostris absque reclamacione aut impedimento nostri vel heredum_ nostrorum imperpetuum Ita quod eandem advocacionem ecclesie de Esseburn’ cum suis capellis rehabeant et sibi et successoribus suis retineant sicut eorum predecessores eam melius et quietius unquam -tenuerunt. Quare volumus et firmiter percipimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod predicti Episcopus Decanus et capitulum ecclesie Beate Marie Linc’ predictam advocacionem ecclesie predicte de Esseburn’ cum suis capellis habeant et teneant ut jus suum sibi et successoribus suis quietam de nobis et heredibus 86 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. nostris absque reclamacione seu impedimento nostri vel heredum nostrorum imperpetuum. Ita quod advocacionem illam habeant et teneant sicut eorum predecessores eam melius et quietius unquam tenuerunt sicut predictum est. Hiis testibus vererabili- bus patribus Thoma de Cantilupo Hereforden’ et Willelmo de Midilton’ Norwycen’ Episcopis, Willelmo de Valenc’ avunculo nostro, Rogero de Mortuo Mari, Rogero de Clifford’, Roberto ‘Tybotot, Hugone fil’ Ottonis, Waltero de Helynn, Magistro Thoma Beek Archidiacono Dors’, Antonio Beek Archidiacono Dunelm’, Magistro Waltero Scamel Decano Surr’, Magistris Rogero de Seyton et Roberto de Scardeburgo, Johanne de Liuetot, Radulfo de Hengham’, Roberto fil’ Johannis, Ricardo de Bosco et aliis. - Dat’ per manum nostram apud Westm’ quarto- decimo die Junij anno regni nostri sexto. Ista carta ante consignacionem ejusdem Rege precipiente recitata fuit in presentia dictorum testium ac aliorum de consilio Regis tunc ibi presentium et audita examinata et concordata in forma supradicta. 85. Bdmundus filius Regis Anglie omnibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Salutem in Domino. Noveritis nos concessisse et hoc presenti scripto nostro confirmasse pro nobis et heredibus nostris Decano et Capitulo ecclesie Beate Marie Lincoln’ et suis successoribus imperpetuum advocacionem ecclesie de Esseburn’ cum suis pertinentiis Habendum et Tenendum cum suis capellis libere quiete bene et in pace imperpetuum In liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam pro salute anime nostre et antecessorum nostrorum et heredum ipsorum Remisimus etiam et quietum clamavimus de nobis et heredibus nostris predictis Decano et Capitulo et eorum successoribus totum jus et clamium quod habuimus vel habere potuimus in adtocacione ecclesie predicte cum suis pertinentiis Ita quod nos vel heredes nostri aliquod jus vel clamium in advocacione predicte ecclesie de Esseburn’ vel suis capellis de cetero nullo modo exigere vel vendicare possimus. In cujus rei testimonium huic scripto sigillum nostrum est CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 87 appensum Dat’ London’ nonodecimo die Maij anno gratie M° C°C? octogesimo nono. Haiis tesibus venerabili patre Domino J. Elyens’ Episcopo, Dominis Thoma de Weyland Johanne de Louetot, Johanne de Cobham Militibus, Radulfo de Hengham’, Willelmo de Burnton’; et Elya de Bekyngham clericis et aliis. 86. EccLEsSIA DE ESSEBURN’. OLIM VICARIUS PERCIPIEBAT OMNES FRUCTUS ET SOLVEBAT PENSIONEM L MARCARUM. Omnibus presentes litteras inspecturis Rogerus divina mise- racione Couentr’ et Lychefelden’ Episcopus Salutem in omnium Salvatore. Noverit universitas vestra quod cum nonnulli Decani Line’ ecclesiam de Esseburn’ Couentr’ et Lichefeld’ dioc’ in qua ratione sui Decanatus jus patronatus tunc optinebant aliquamdiu in usus proprios tenuissent tandem per quamdam ordinationem quam fecit bone memorie . . . Couentr’ et Lychefeld’ Episcopus cum quondam ... Decano Lincoln’ ecclesie perpetuus est in ea institutus vicarius cui omnes proventus ejusdem ecclesie fuerant deputati Salvis dumtaxat quinquaginta marcis annuis . . . Decano Linc’ ecclesie qui pro tempore foret per manus vicariorum perpetuis temporibus exsolvendis Coventr’ et Lichefelden’ Capitulorum assensu ad hoc ut dicitur accedente propter quod Magister Ricardus de Graveshend’ promotus postmodum in decanum reputans dictam ordinationem factam in ipsius Decanatus et suam non modicam lesionem ad sedem Apostolicam accedens humiliter supplicavit super hoc sibi et eidem Decanatui_ provideri Cujus precibus pie recordationis Alexander quartus tunc summus pontifex inclinatus nolens ex predictis dictum decanum pati hujusmodi lesionem ut idem Magister Ricardus vel successores sui dictam ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere revocare valeret ipsam dicto Decanatui cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus_ et pertinentiis applicando ac etiam ingredi possessionem illius prout dictorum suorum predecessorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat nostro vel Archidiaconi loci seu cujuslibet alterius assensu minime requisito assignata tamen vicario qui pro tempore foret 88 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. in eadem ecclesia de ipsius ecclesie proventibus portione congrua unde valeret comode sustentari ac Episcopalia et Archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare ordinatione aut premissis minime obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris sedis Apostolice vel indulgentiis optentis vel etiam optinendis per quas hujusmodi gratia posset impediri vel saltem differri auctoritate sedis Apostolice duxit liberaliter indulgendum. Cumque post hoc vicaria memorata vacante per mortem vicarii loci ejusdem Magister Robertus de Mariscis tunc Decanus Linc’ auctoritate sedis et concessionis predicte possessionem predicte ecclesie de Asseburn’ nostro etiam interveniente consensu expresso canonice fuisset adeptus et eandem per aliquod tempus pacifice possedisset demum ipse super possessione vel quasi juris patronatus ejusdem ecclesie ab illustri Rege Anglie quondam Henrico in propria Curia ipsius Regis conventus per breve quod de ultima presentatione vulgariter appellatur possessorio vel quasi contrariam sententiam reportavit coram judice seculari Sicque dicto Rege illustri presentante nobis Petrum de Wynton’ clericum suum nos de mandato Regis et speciali precepto per varias districtiones artati atque compulsi predictum Petrum ad ecclesiam predictam de Asseburn’ admisimus juxta Regni consuetudinem et Rectorem instituimus in eadem predicto Decano per nostram vel alterius Judicis ecclesiastici sententiam ab eadem ecclesia non amoto, sicut hec omnia et singula [gi*] in formam publicano redacta in quadam littera nostra patenti magno sigillo nostro sub data mense ffebruarij anno Domini M° CC® septuagesimo Tercio consignata fideliter et pleniter intelleximus contineri, Set ecce magnifico principe domino . . . Edwardo nunc Anglie Rege illustri predicto patri suo domino Henrico processu temporis in majestatem Regiam succedente idem dominus noster cui semper quam- plurimum cordi fuit ecclesias et viros ecclesiasticos ad statum debitum ab insidiis obliquis et oppressionibus quibuslibet diligentia laudabili relevari jus patronatus ejusdem ecclesie de Esseburn’ quod a Religiosis viris . . . abbate et Conventu Vallis Regie quibus illud pro sue voluntatis beneplacito parum ante contulerat sibi fuerat juxta ordinationem ipsius bene legitime eed i noe CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 89 atque pacifice ex certa scientia gratis redditum et restitutum omnino cum omnibus suis appendiciis et pertinenciis ecclesie Linc’ ac Decano et Capitulo supradictis fervido zelo catholice devotionis assumpte imperpetuum concessit dedit contulit et eis velut jus suum proprium pro majori certitudine reddidit intuitu pietatis sicut hec omnia et singula de facto suo in carta ejusdem excellentis principis nostri domini Edwardi inde confecta et sigillo suo patenter signata perfectius atque plenius intelleximus contineri Nos igitur de hujusmodi redintegratione et relevatione seu renonciatione juris dictorum JDecani et Capituli ecclesie Linc’ in ecclesia predicta de Asseburn’ affectione paterna moti gaudentes et insuper ex bone conscientie recta considerationis acie perspicaciter attendentes favorem deo valde acceptum qui ecclesiis et maxime cathedralibus in quibus cotidianis conatibus assiduis sine intermissionis fastidio continue colitur ipse deus per hujus cultus augmento ex causa racionabili exhibetur et precipue ubi res ad suam redit naturam et priori redditur forme sue ut dominus Philippus de Wilghby nunc Decanus ecclesie Linc’ predictam ecclesiam de Asseburn’ per mortem dicti domini Petri ad presens de facto vacantem cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere juxta prememoratam concessionem apostolicam ex renovato jure ipsius ecclesie Lincoln’ protinus valeat revocare ipsam Decanatui predicto cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinenciis imperpetuum applicando ac eciam ingredi et continuare possessionem ejusdem ecclesie prout predictorum predecessorum suorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat et nos ipsi prenominato Magistro Roberto de Mariscis quondam Decano Linc’ predecessori suo concessimus jam est diu interrupcione qualibet cujuscunque hominis vel temporis interim contingente de facto nequicquam obstante ex nunc auctoritate diocesana plene et plane sibi Decano et Capitulo ejusdem ecclesie Lincoln’ ex certa sciencia concedimus per presentes quibus insuper Decano et Capitulo ecclesiam predictam de Asseburn’ cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis et pacificam possessionem ejusdem secundum jus patronatus 90 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. adquisitum seu renovatum sibi jam de novo ut predicitur in eadem nos ipsi pro divini cultus augmento ceptum persequentes favorem quantum in nobis est auctoritate pontificali damus conferimus et tenore presentium irrevocabiliter confirmamus intuitu caritatis perpetuis Decanatus ejusdem ecclesie Lincoln’ usibus profuturas Reservantes tamen nobis protestatem auctoritate ordinaria assignandi vicario qui tempore in eadem ecclesia fuerit de ipsius ecclesie proventibus porcionem congruam ‘unde valeat comode sustentari et Episcopalia et Archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare In quorum omnium testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appensum. Act’ et Dat’ apud Eccleshale octavo decimo kalend’ Maij anno domini M° CC™® octogesimo nono Et pontificatus nostri tricesimo secundo. 87. Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis presentes litteras inspec- turis vel audituris J. Decanus ecclesie Lich’ et ejusdem loci capitulum Salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis nos litteras venerabilis patris nostri domini R. divina gracia Coventr’ et Lich’ episcopi inspexisse sub eo tenore qui sequitur. Rogerus permissione divina Coventr’ et Lych’ episcopus dilectis nobis in Xpo Philippo Decano et capitulo ecclesie Linc’ salutem in auctore salutis. Intelleximus jam est diu quod cum non ulli Decani Linc’ Ecclesiam de Asseburn’ Coventr’ et Lych’ dyoc’ in qua racione sui decanatus jus patronatus tunc optinebant aliquamdiu in usus proprios tenuissent tandem per quamdam ordinacionem quam fecit bone memorie Coventr’ et Lych’ episcopus cum quondam Decano Lincoln’ Ecclesie perpetuus est in ea vicarius institutus cui omnes proventus ejusdem ecclesie fuerant deputati salvis dumtaxat quinquaginta marcis annuis. . Decano Lincoln’ ecclesie qui pro tempore foret per manus vicariorum perpetuis temporibus exsolvyendis Coventr’ et Lych’ capitulorum assensu ad hoc ut dicitur accedente . propter quod Magister Ricardus Gravesend promotus postmodum in decanum reputans dictam ordinacionem factam in ipsius Decanatus et CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, QI suam non modicam lesionem ad sedem Apostolicam accedens humiliter supplicavit super hoc sibi et eidem Decanatui provideri cujus precibus pie recordacionis Alexander quartus tunc summus pontifex inclinatus nolens ex predictis dictum Decanatum pati hujusmodi lesionem ut idem Magister Ricardus vel successores sui dictam ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere revocare valeret ipsam dicto Decanatui cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinenciis applicando Ac eciam possessionem illius ingredi prout dictorum suorum predecessorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat nostro vel Archidiaconi loci seu cujuslibet alterius assensu minime requisito assignata tamen vicario qui pro tempore foret in eadem ecclesia de ipsius ecclesie proventibus porcione congrua unde valeret comode sustentari ac Episcopalia et Archidiaconalia jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare ordinacione aut premissis minime obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris sedis apostolice vel indulgenciis optentis vel eciam optinendis per quas hujusmodi gracia posset impediri vel saltem differri auctoritate sedis apostolice duxit liberaliter indulgendum. Cumque post hoc vicaria memorata vacante: per mortem vicarii loci ejusdem Magister Robertus de Mariscis tunc Decanus Lincoln’ auctoritate sedis et concessionis predicte possessionem predicte ecclesie de Asseburn’ nostro eciam_ interveniente consensu expresso canonice fuisset adeptus et eandem per aliquod tempus pacifice possedisset demum ipse super possessione vel quasi juris patronatus ejusdem ecclesie ab illustri Rege Anglie quondam Henrico in propria Curia ipsius Regis conventus per breve quod de ultima presentacione vulgariter appellatur in possessorio vel quasi contrariam sentenciam reportavit coram judice seculari. Sicque dicto Rege illustri presentante nobis Petrum de Wynton’ clericum suum nos de mandato Regis et speciali precepto per varias districtiones artati atque compulsi predictum Petrum ad _ ecclesiam predictam de Asseburn’ admisimus juxta Regni consuetudinem et Rectorem instituimus in eadem predicto Decano per nostram aut alterius judicis ecclesiastici sentenciam ab eadem ecclesia non amoto sicut hec 92 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. omnia et singula quasi[? quai] in formam publicam redacta in quadam littera nostra patenter magno sigillo nostro sub data mensis Februarii anno domini Millesimo CC™ septuagesimo tercio consignata fideliter et pleniter intelleximus contineri. Set ecce magnifico principe domino Edwardo nunc Anglie Rege illustri predicto patri suo domino Henrico. processu temporis in majestatem Regiam succedente Idem dominus noster cui semper quamplurimum cordi fuit ecclesias et viros ecclesiasticos ad statum debitum ab _ insidiis obliquis et oppressionibus cujuslibet diligencia laudabili relevari jus patronatus ejusdem ecclesie de Asseburn’ quod a Religiosis viris Abbate et conventu Vallis Regie quibus illud pro sue voluntatis beneplacito parum ante contulerat sibi fuerat juxta ordinacionem ipsius plene legitime atque pacifice ex certa sciencia gratis redditum et restitutum omnino cum omnibus suis appendiclis et pertinenciis ecclesie Lincoln’ ac Decano et Capitulo supradictis fervido zelo catholice devocionis assumpte imperpetuum concessit dedit contulit et eis velut jus suum proprium pro majori certitudine reddidit intuitu pietatis sicut hec omnia et singula de facto suo in carta ejusdem Excellentis principis nostri domini Edwardi inde confecta et sigillo suo patenter signata perfectius atque plenius intelleximus contineri Nos igitur de hujusmodi redintegracione et relevacione seu renovacione juris dictorum. Decani et Capituli ecclesie Lincoln’ in ecclesia predicta de Asseburn’ affectione paterna moti gaudentes et insuper ex bono conscientie recta consideracionis acie perspi- caciter attendentes favorem deo valde acceptam qui ecclesiis et maxime cathedralibus in quibus cotidianis conatibus assiduis sine intermissionis fastidio continue colitur ipse deus pro hujusmodi cultus augmento ex causa racionabili exhibetur et precipue ubi res ad suam redit naturam et priori redditur forme sue. Ut dominus Philippus de Wyluby nunc decanus ecclesie Lincoln’ predictam ecclesiam de Asseburn per mortem dicti domini Petri ad possessionem de facto vacantem cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis in proprios usus decanatus ejusdem libere juxta pre- memoratam concessionem apostolicam ex renoyato jure ipsius CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 93 ecclesie Lincoln’ protinus valeat revocare ipsam Decanatui predicto cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinenciis imperpetuum applicando ac eciam ingredi et continuare possessionem ejusdem ecclesie prout predictorum predecessorum suorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat. Et nos ipsi prenominato Magistro Roberto de Mariscis quondam Decano Lincoln’ predecessori suo conces- simus jam est diu interruptione qualibet cujuscunque hominis vel temporis interim contingente de facto nequicquam obstante ex nunc auctoritate dyocesana plene et plane sibi Decano et Capitulo ejusdem ecclesie Linc’ ex certa sciencia concedimus per presentes, quibus insuper Decano et Capitulo ecclesiam predictam de Asseburn’ cum omnibus suis juribus et. pertinenciis et pacificam possessionem ejusdem secundum jus patronatus acquisitum seu renovatum sibi jam de novo ut predicitur in eadem. Nos ipsi pro divini cultus augmento ceptum persequentes favorem quantum in nobis est auctoritate pontificali damus conferimus et tenore presencium irrevocabiliter confirmamus intuitu caritatis perpetuis Decanatus ejusdem ecclesie Linc’ usibus profuturas Reservantes tamen nobis potestatem auctoritate ordinaria assignandi vicario qui pro tempore in eadem ecclesia fuerit de ipsius ecclesie proventibus porcionem congruam unde valeat comode sustentari et Episcopalia et Archidiaconi jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare In quorum omnium testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appensum Dat’ et Act’ apud Eccleshale octavo decimo kalend’ Maij Anno domini M°. CC®. octogesimo nono Et pontificatus nostri tricesimo secundo. Nos igitur premissa rata habentes et firma ea presenti scripto cum sigilli nostri apposicione confirmamus. Dat’ Lych’ ij Id’ Octobris Anno domini M°. Ducentesimo nonogesimo. &8. Universis Sancte Matris ecclesie filiis presentes litteras inspec- turis Frater Henricus prior Coventr’ ecclesie et ejusdem loci Capitulum Salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis nos. literas elicis recordacionis domini Rogeri dei gracia quondam Coventr’ 94 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. et Lych’ Episcopi inspexisse sub eo tenore qui sequitur. Rogerus permissione divina Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopus dilectis nobis in Xpo Philippo Decano et Capitulo ecclesie Lincoln’ Salutem in auctore salutis. Intelleximus jam est diu quod nonnulli Decani Lincoln’ ecclesiam de Asseburn’ Coventr’ et Lych’ dyoc’ in qua racione sui Decanatus jus patronatus tunc optinebant aliquamdiu in usus proprios tenuisseet tandem per quam- dam ordinacionem quam fecit bone memorie Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopus cum quondam Decano Lincoln’ ecclesie perpetuus est in ea vicarius institutus cui omnes proventus ejusdem ecclesie fuerant deputati Salvis dumtaxat quinquaginta marcis annuis Decano Lincoln’ ecclesie qui pro tempore foret per manus vicariorum perpetuis temporibus exsolvendis Coventr’ et Lych’ capitulorum assensu ad hoc ut dicitur accedente propter quod Magister Ricardus de Gravesend promotus postmodum in Decanum reputans dictam ordinacionem factam in ipsius Decanatus et suam non modicam lesionem ad sedem apostolicam accedens humiliter supplicavit super hoc sibi et eidem Decanatui provideri cui precibus pie recordacionis Alexander quartus tunc summus pontifex inclinatus nolens ex predictis dictum Decanatum pati hujusmodi lesionem ut idem Magister Ricardus vel succes- sores sui dictam ecclesiam cedente vel decedente ipsius ecclesie vicario in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere revocare valeret ipsam dicto Decanatui cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinenciis applicando ac etiam possessionem illius ingredi prout dictorum predecessorum suorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat nostro vel Archidiaconi loci seu cujuslibet alterius assensu minime requisito assignata tamen vicario qui pro tempore foret in eadem ecclesia de ipsius ecclesie proventibus porcione congrua unde valeret comode sustentari ac Episcopalia et Archidiaconi jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare ordinacione aut premissis minime obstantibus aut aliquibus litteris sedis A postolice vel indulgenciis optentis vel etiam optinendis per quas hujusmodi gracia possit impediri vel saltem differri auctoritate sedis apostolice duxit liberaliter indulgendum cumque post hoc vicaria. memorata vacante per mortem vicarii loci ejusdem CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 95 Magister Robertus de Mariscis tunc Decanus Lincoln’ aucto- ritate sedis et concessionis predicte possessionem predicte écclesie de Asseburn’ nostro etiam interveniente consensu expresso canonice fuisset adeptus et eandem per aliquod tempus possedisset demum ipse super possessione vel quasi juris patronatus ejusdem ecclesie ab illustri Rege Anglie quondam Henrico in propria curia ipsius Regis conventus per breve quod de ultima presentacione vulgariter appellatur in possessorio vel quasi contrariam sentenciam reportavit coram judice seculari Sicque dicto Rege illustri pre- sentante nobis Petrum «le Wynton’ clericum suum nos de mandato Regis et speciali precepto per varias districtiones artati atque compulsi predictum Petrum ad ecclesiam predictam de Asseburn’ admisimus juxta Regni consuetudinem et rectorem instituimus in eadem predicto Decano per nostram aut alterius judicis ecclesias- tici sententiam ab eadem ecclesia non ammoto. Sicut hec omnia et singula quasi in formam pupplicam redacta in quadam littera nostra patenter magno sigillo nostro sub dat’ mensis Februarii anno domini M* CC* septuagesimo tercio consignata fideliter et pleniter intelleximus contineri. Set ecce magnifico principe domino Edwardo nunc Anglie Rege illustri predicto patri suo domino Henrico processu temporis in majestatem Regiam succedente Idem dominus noster cui semper quamplurimum cordi fuit ecclesias et viros ecclesiasticos ad statum debitum ab insidiis obliquis et oppressionibus quibuslibet diligencia laudabili relevari Jus patronatus ejusdem ecclesie de Asseburn’ quod a religiosis viris Abbate et conventu Vallis Regie quibus illud pro sue volun- tatis beneplacito parum ante contulerat sibi fuerat juxta ordina- cionem ipsius plene legitime atque pacifice ex certa sciencia gratis redditum et restitutum omnino cum omnibus suis appendiciis et pertinenciis ecclesie Lincoln’ ac Decano et Capitulo supradictis fervido zelo catholice devocionis assumpte imperpetuum concessit dedit contulit et eis velut jus suum proprium pro majoricertitudine reddidit intuitu pietatis sicut hec omnia et singula de facto suo in carta ejusdem excellentis principis nostri domini Edwardi inde confecta et sigillo suo patenter signata perfectius atque plenius intelleximus contineri Nos igitur de hujusmodi redintegracione et 96 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. relevacione seu renovacione juris dictorum . . Decani et Capituli ecclesie Lincoln’ in ecclesia~- predicta de Asseburn’ affectione paterna moti gaudentes et insuper ex bono consciencie recta consideracionis acie perspicaciter attendentes favorem deo valde acceptum qui ecclesiis et maxime cathedralibus in quibus cotidianis conatibus assiduis sine intermissioni fastidio continue colitur ipse deus pro hujusmodi cultus augmento ex causa racionabili exhibetur et precipue ubi res ad suam redit naturam. et priori redditur forme sue. Ut dominus Philippus de Wilughby nunc Decanus ecclesie Lincoln’ predictam ecclesiam de Asseburn’ per mortem dicti domini Petri ad presens de facto vacantem cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis in proprios usus Decanatus ejusdem libere juxta prememoratam concessionem Apostolicam ex renovato jure ipsius ecclesie Lincoln’ protinus valeat revocare ipsam Decanatui predicto cum omnibus suis juribus proventibus et pertinenciis imperpetuum applicando ac etiam ingredi et con- tinuare possessionem ejusdem ecclesie prout dictorum predeces- sorum suorum temporibus ab ipsis haberi solebat. Et nos ipsi prenominato Magistro Roberto de Mariscis quondam Decano Lincoln’ predecessori suo concessimus jam est diu interrupcione qualibet cujuscumque hominis vel temporis interim contingente de facto nequicquam obstante ex nunc auctoritate dyocesana plene et plane sibi Decano . . et Capitulo ejusdem ecclesie Lincoln’ ex certa sciencia concedimus per presentes, quibus insuper . . Decano et Capitulo ecclesiam predictam de Asseburn’ cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis et pacificam possessionem ejusdem secundum jus patronatus adquisitum seu renovatum sibi jam de novo ut predicitur in eadem . . Nos ipsi pro divini cultus augmento ceptum persequentes favorem quantum in nobis est auctoritate pontificali damus conferimus et tenore presentium irrevocabiliter confirmamus intuitu caritatio perpetuis Decanatus ejusdem ecclesie Lincoln’ usibus profuturas. Reservantes. tamen nobis potestatem auctoritate ordinaria assignandi vicario qui pro tempore in eadem ecclesia fuerit de ipsius ecclesie proventibus porcionem congruam unde valeat comode sustentari et Episcopalia et Archidiaconi jura et cetera ipsius ecclesie onera supportare CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 97 In quorum omnium testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appensum Dat’ et Act’ apud Eccleshale octavo decimo kalend’ Maij anno domini M® CC™: octogesimo nono et pontificatus nostri tricesimo secundo Nos igitur premissa rata habentes et firma ea presenti scripto cum sigilli nostri apposicione confirmamus Dat’ Coventr’ die dominica proxima post festum Augustini Anglorum Apostoli Anno domini Millesimo Trecentesimo duo- decimo. 89. APPROPRIACIO ECCLESIE DE ESsEBURN’ FACTA PER Episcopum Licn’. Fn ei nomine Amen Presenti pagina pateat universis quod nos Nicholaus de Hegham Decanus Lincoln’ et Capitulum ejusdem ecclesie cathedralis ad beneficia multa multipliciter graciosa que venerabiles patres domini Coventr’ et Lychefeld’ Episcopi nobis temporibus retroactis munifica largitate fecerunt et maxime que pius pater dominus Rogerus de Moulent nunc Coventr’ et Licheffeld’ Episcopus de ecclesia de Esseburn in proprios usus Decanatus Lincoln’ libere deinceps rehabenda nobis contulit hiis diebus affectione mera respectum habentes et insuper attenden[te]s quod nemini sua liberalitas esse captiosa debeat vel dampnosa auctoritate venerabilis patris nostri domini Oliveri nunc Lincoln’ Episcopi ac de unanimi consensu omnium nostrum et voluntate communi nos et capellam de Knyveton’ que est una de spectanti- bus ad ecclesiam predictam de Esseburn’ et ad nos racione ejusdem ecclesie ac omne jus quod habemus in eadem capella cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis disposicioni et ordina- cioni predicti domini nunc Coventr’ et Lichefeld Episcopi sponte pure et absolute submittimus per presentes It a quod quicquid idem dominus Episcopus de eadem capella de Knyveton’ cum omnibus pertinenciis suis sive pro indemp[niltatis cujuslibet conservacione sive pro honoris adjectione que sibi et ecclesie Lych’ grata vicissitudine offerimus pura mente alte et basse pro sue voluntatis beneplacit’ uno m’ vel alio duxerit ordinandum id totum per omnia et singula ratum habebimus et acceptum 98 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, Que omnia nos fideliter observare & in nullo contravenire in verbo veritatis et sacerdotii solempniter promittimus per presentes beneficio restitucionis in integre ac omni exceptioni supplicacioni impetracioni quarumcunque litterarum in quacunque curia appel- lacioni et omni utrinsque juris remedio si quod forsan nobis competere posset contra aliqua de predictis renunciantes expresse. In cujus rei testimonium commune sigillum capituli nostri Lincoln’ una cum sigillo venerabilis patris. nostri predicti pre- sentibus duximus apponendum. Act’ et Dat’ in capitulo nostro Lincoln’ iij kalend’ Augusti anno domini Millesimo CC™ octo- gesimo primo. : go. UNIO CAPELLE DE MAPELTON AD ECCLESIAM DE ESSEBURN’. Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis presentes litteras inspec- turis vel audituris J. Decanus ecclesie Lychefeld’ et ejusdem loci capitulum salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis nos litteras venerabilis patris nostri domini R. dei gratia Couentr’ et Lych’ Episcopi inspexisse sub eo tenore qui sequitur . . Rogerus per- missione divina Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopus dilectis sibi in Xpo Philippo Decano et Capitulo Ecclesie Lincoln’ salutem in auctore salutis Cum nuper eeclesiam de Asseburn’ nostre dyoc’ Decanatui ecclesie vestre Lincoln’ in usus proprios canonice ab antiquo concessam et perpetuo appropriatam quam etiam Decani Ecclesie vestre qui pro tempore fuerant per appropriacionem hujusmodi inquiete possederant temporibus diutius post mortem domini Petri de Wynton’ qui ecclesiam ipsam ad presentacionem bone memorie Henrici quondam illustris Regis Anglie aliquamdin tenebat ut Rector . . Decano vestre ecclesie Lincoln’ ab eadem ecclesia de Asseburn’ per nostram sentenciam aut alterius judicis ecclesiasticl non amoto status vestrum ac Decanatus vestri in hac parte redintegratus ut decuit quatenus de facto immutatus seu interruptus extiterat vobis et vestro Decanatui Lincoln’ decetero rehabendam concesserimus libere et quiete vos ad id et cetera beneficia tam per nos quam per nostros antecessores vobis ~ CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 99 impensa respectum habentis super capellis de Knyveton’ et de Mapilton’ quorum jus patronatus ad ecclesiam de Asseburn’ antedictam et ad vos ea-racione spectare dinoscitur et super toto jure ad vos seu vestrum Decanatum super eisdem capellis spectante nostre ordinacioni .et disposicioni venerabilis patris domini Oliveri nunc Lincoln’ episcopi ad hoc _interveniente consensu pure sponte ac libere submisistis Promittentes vos ratum habituros et facturum[ftrum] quicquid per nos super capellis eisdem fuerit ordinatum nos igitur submissionem hujusmodi admittentes vestrum que considerantes affectum quem zelo intime caritatis ad ecclesiam nostram Lych’ hactenus habuisse coperimus vestrum honorem et comodum in hac merito affectamus Pensantes itaque una cum vestre gratitudinis meritis onerosa dispendia que occasione dicte presentacionis et admissionis dicti Petri de Wynton’ ad ecclesiam antedictam sustinuisse dicimini quodque tamdiu comodo ejusdem ecclesie caruistis aliisque legitimis causis existentibus que ad infrascripta merito nos inducant dictam capellam de Mapelton cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis ecclesie supradicte de Asseburn’ vobis vestroque Decanatui racione ipsius ecclesie perpetuo annectimus et unimus ac in usus proprios futuris temporibus possidendam auctoritate Pontificali concedimus ac eciam confirmamus statuentes ordinantes disponentes et eciam concedentes ut cedente vel decedente rectore ipsius capelle de Mapelton’ liceat Decano vestre ecclesie qui pro tempore fuerit aut vobis ipsis forsan tunc Decanatu vacante capellam ipsam de Mapelton et ejus possessionem per dictam appropriacionem concessionem et annexacionem cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis libere ingredi et tenere nostro aut cujuscunque alterius consensu minime requisito In quorum omnium testimonium sigillum “nostrum presentibus est appensum. Dat’ apud Crokesle tercio kal’ Novembr’ anno domini Millesimo ducentesimo octogesimo nono .. Et Puntificatus nostri tricesimo secundo. Nos igiter premissa rata habentes et firma ea presenti scripto cum sigilli nostri apposicione confrmamus . . Dat’ Lych’ ij Id’ Octobris Anno domini Millesimo Ducentesimo nonogesimo . . . I00 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. gl. Pateat universis per presentes me Hugonem de Esseburn’ vicarium in eadem per presentacionem de me factam ad eandem per venerabilem virum dominum P. de Wyleby Decanum Linc’ ecclesie et rectorem ecclesie de Esseburn’ et meam institucionem rectorie de Fenni Benteley de jure et de facto resignasse ita quod dictus dominus P. tanquam patronus ecclesie ejusdem ordinare ac disponere prout voluerit seu ad eandem tanquam ad vacantem potest presentare In cujus rei testimonium has litteras meas super resignacione predicte ecclesie eidem Domino P. feci patentes. Dat’ apud Esseburn’ die Sabbati prox’ ante festum Sancti Nicholai Anno domini M° CC. Nonogesimo quarto .. . 92.—900 MARC SOLUT’ PRO JURE PATRONATUS RECUPERANDO Apps. MON. DE VALL. R. Presens scriptum pateat universis quod ego frater Johannes abbas monasterii de valle Regali nomine meo et conventus ejusdem loci recepi et habui centum libras bonorum sterlingorum per Magistrum Oliverum Decanum Lincoln’ pro se et capitulo suo de Nongentis marcis in quibus nobis tenebantur pro recuperacione advocacionis ecclesie de Esseburn’ secundum ordinacionem domini Regis. In cujus rei testimonium et adquietacionem de predictis centum libris ego nomine meo et predicti conventus mei hanc literam feci patentem nostro sigillo signatam Et facta est hec solucio Lond’ kaln Junii Anno domini Me Cc™ LXxX7™° octavo. Testibus Magistris J. Le Flemeng’ canonico Lincoln’ W. de Langwith’ Roberto de Thorp’ capellan’ W. de Stoketon’ clerico et aliis. 93: Omnibus Xpi fidelibus frater Abbas. . de Valle Regali et ejusdem loci conventus Salutem in domino Noveritis nos recepisse O [? 4]. Decano et Capitulo Lincoln’ ecclesie Trescentas marcas in quibus nobis tenebantur ad festum Sancti Johannis Baptiste Anno domini M° CC™? LXX™° nono secundum formam obligacionis CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. IOI quam penes nos ab eisdem habemus unde post factam hanc solucionem nobis in aliis trescentis marcis tantummodo remanente obligata. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fecimus eisdem patentes Dat’ Apud Eton’ Monalium die Dominica prox’ post translacionem Sancti Thome martiris Anno domini supradicto. 94. Omnibus Xpi fidelibus ad quos presentes littere prevenerint frater J. dictus Abbas de Valle Regali Salutem in domino sempiternam Noverit universitas vestra nos recepisse a venera- bilibus viris et discretis . . Domino Decano et Capitulo Linc’ Ducentas libras sterlingorum apud Eton monalium in festo benedicti Petri ad Vincula anno domini M® CC”? octuagesimo quas Ducentas libras nobis solvere tenebantur in festo Sancti Johannis Baptiste preterito ejusdem anni de reparacione nona- gintarum marcarum quas nobis solverint pro advocacione de Esseburn’ suis terminis prius statutis de qua quidem tota summa pecunie protestamur nos et ecclesiam nostram plenare pacatos et dictos Decanum et Capitulum omnino solutos et quietos In cujus Rei testimonium has litteras nostras predictis Decano et capitulo fieri fecimus patentes Dat’ die et anno quo supra. 95: Universis Xpi fidelibus ad quorum noticiam presentes litere pervenerint Frater Johanies permissione divina Abbas Burton’ super Trentam collector decime Domini Regis Salutem in Domino. Volentes ut tenemur ex debito caritatis veritati testi- monium perhibere universiti vestre notificamus per presentes -quod Decanus Lincoln’ qui nunc est et qui ante ipsum fuerunt consueverunt nobis solvere decimam et quintam decimam et aliam quotam cum ceteris de clero quociens casus acciderit tam de temporalibus quam de spiritualibus ubicumque in Comitat’ Derb’ videlicet pro ecclesiis de Esseburn’ Wirkesworth Cestrefeld cum capellis et pro temporalibus bonis suis apud Parvam Cestr’ juxta 102 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Derb’ et adhuc inde debet pro decima nunc currente In cujus rei testimonium has literas testimoniales eidem fieri fecimus patentes Dat’ apud Burton’ die Dominica prox’ post festum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli anno domini M? CCC™ Tercio decimo. 96. IR. de Deycestria venerabilis patris . . Domini W. dei gracia Coventr’ et Lych’ episcopi ipso in remotis agente Vicarius in spiritualibus generalis discretis vivis Decanis de Esseburn’ et Scaruesdale Salutem in auctore salutis. Vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes quatinus omnes fructus et obvenciones Ecclesiarum de Esseburn’ Wirkesworth’ et Cestrefeld’ si qui sunt occasione vacacione (s/c) Decanatus Ecclesie Cathedralis Lincoln’ auctori- tate dicti patris sequestrat’ provenientes . . Venerabili viro Magistro Rogero de Martinall Decano Ecclesie predicte seu ejus procuratori liberetis seu liberari faciatis sine mora Dat’ Derb’ nono kaln’ Novembris Anno domini Millesimo CCC duodecimo. 97: Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis ad quos presentes litere pervenerint Radulfus de Leycestria venerabilis patris domini W. dei gracia Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopi ipso in remotis agente Vicarius in spiritualibus generalis Salutem in eo qui est omnium vera salus.* Cum nuper vacante Decanatu Linc’ ecclesie cui dicitur ecclesie de Asseburn’ Wirkesworth’ et Cestrefeld’ Lych’ dyoc’ sunt appropriate ac per ordinacionem antiquam ecclesie Lincoln’ a tempore cujus initii memoria non existit usibus Decanalibus sunt et fuerant imperpetuum assignate seu deputate venerabili patri nostro Domino W. dei gracia Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopo supradicto quorundam relacione fuisset intimatum quod ad predictum patrem nostrum tempore vacacionis custodia fructuum et obvencionum earundem spectabat et quod fructus medii temporis custodia predicta durante eidem deberent compe- * Nota hic quod vacacio ecclesiarum de Asseburn’ Wyrkesworth et Chesterfeld pertinet ad Capm. Lincoin’ et non Episcopum Lich’. CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 103 tere tanquam sui vel tanquam sibi debiti de consuetudine approbata. Quo pretextu generalis ejus sequestrator sequestra- cionem in obvencionibus medii temporis inter posuit sicut domino predicto competentibus vel eidem debitis ut suprius est pretatum [séc. ? means “prefatum”] Unde dominus noster predictus nolens usurpare quoi suum non est vel quod sibi debitum non est presumere injunctionem nobis fecit quod nos vocatis vocandis utrum predictarum ecclesiarum custodia, vacante Decanatu predicto, et fructuum percepcio earundem ad eum de consuetu- dine competerent vel eidem deberenter diligentem faceremus inquisicionem. Unde nos ejus injunctionem secuti secundum formam injunctionis ejusdem diligentem fecimus inquisicionem per illos quorum nomina secuuntur in hunc modum videlicet per Magistrum Willebruum rectorem de Langel’, Magistrum Ricardum rectorem de Alwynefeld’ vicarium de Cestrefeld’ vicarium de Bolshouer’ vicarium de Wirkesworth’ vicarium de Esseburn’ rectorem de Ketliston’ vicarium sancte Wereburg’ vicarium de Spondon’ vicarium de Crutch’ vicarium de Affurton’ et custodem ecclesie de Bradburn’ que quidem inquisicio dicit de verbo ad verbum ut sequitur. Inquisicio facta in ecclesia Beati Petri Derb’ die Lune prox’ ante festum Apostolorum Simonis et Jude anno domini M°. Tricentesimo duodecimo Coram Magistro R. de Leycestr’ venerabilis patris ac domini W. dei gracia Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopi vicario generali in spiritualibus ipso in remotis agente per duodecim Rectores et Vicarios Archidiaconatus Derb’ specialiter vocatos et juratos super percepcione obvencionum et proventuum tempore vocacionis Decanatus Lincoln’ in ecclesiis Cestrefeld’ Assheburn’ et Wirkesworth’ dicit quod.omnes obven- ciones et proventus tempore vacacionis provenientes ex predictis ecclesiis spectant et ante hec tempora spectare consueverunt ‘capitulo Lincolniensi exceptis dumtaxat porcionibus Vicariorum in eisdem ecclesiis. Et si quod sequestrum ante hec tempora in predictis ecclesiis factum fuerit auctoritate dyocesana plus facti quam consuetudinis obtente et approbate credit extitisse. Et dicit quod procurator Capituli Linc’ tempore vacacionis omnes obvenciones et proventus predictarum ecclesiarum sine diminu- 104 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. cione qualibet percipere consuevit. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum officii nostri presentibus est appensum . . Dat’ apud Derb’ die Lune et anno domini supradictis. 98. COMPOSICIO INTER DECANUM ET VICARIUM DE ESSEBURN’. $n dei nomine Amen Nos Rogerus permissione divina Coventr’ et Lych’ Episcopus vicarium ecclesie de Esseburn’ quam Decanatui ecclesie Linc’ in usus proprios rehabendam concessimus, inquisicione super hoc prehabita diligenti, ac ecclesie ipsius facultatibus ponderatis auctoritate pontificali partibus presentibus taliter ordinamus Videlicet quod Robertus nunc vicarius ibidem et alii successores sui qui pro tempore fuerint habeant placeam pro manso suo que jacet inter viam que ducit de cimiterio usque ad pontem ex parte una et usque ad murum cimiterii et viuarium Rectoris ex parte altera in latitudine et longitudine a cimiterio usque ad ductum de Scollebroke et quod sumptibus Rectoris fiant edificia competentia in eadem percipiant etiam vicarii omnia mortuaria, exceptis equis cum hernasiis et armis, decimam lini et canabi si fuerit, decimam etiam purcellorum ancarum curtilagiorum gardinorum pullanorum yitulorum et albi, totam porcionem omnium decimarum quadragesimal’ et omnes oblaciones per annum sivein pecunia numerata sive in cero consistant et decimam molendinorum totius parochie percipiant hi vicarii, decimam garbarum et feni de Clifton Parva et Magna, Decimam feni de Metheleyge et Longelis et de prato Comitis, Decimam medietatis garbarum annuatim. proveniencium de Methelig’ exceptis dominicis Rectoris tam in garbis quam in_pratis. Vicarii vero Episcopalia et Archidiaconalia onera sustineant. Rector autem omnia alia sustinibit. Reservamus insuper nobis et successoribus nostris Episcopis potestatem. addendi ad ordinacionem predictam ac eciam mutandi eandem cum propter variacionem temporis vel alias causas legitimas videbitur expedire. In cujus rei testimonium impressio sigilli nostri presentibus est appensa Dat’ apud Haywod xiii kal’ Novembris ee ———————eeEeErrrrr cr rrr a’ | CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 105 Anno domini Millesimo CC° nonagesimo et consecracionis nostre xxxiij. Bodwardus Dei gracia Rex Anglie Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie Archiepiscopis Episcopis Abbatibus Prioribus Comitibus Baronibus Justiciariis Vicecomitibus Prepositis Ministris et omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis Salutem. Inspeximus cartam celebris memorie domini E. nuper Regis Anglie avi nostri in hec verba. Edwardus dei gratia Rex Anglie Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie Archiepiscopis Episcopis Abbatibus Prioribus Comitibus Baronibus Justiciariis Vicecomitibus Prepositis Ministris et omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis Salutem. Sciatis quod cum dominus Willelmus quondam Rex Anglie caritatis intuitu et pro salute anime sue et animarum antecessorum ac heredum suorum per cartam dedisset et concessisset deo et ecclesie beate Marie Linc advocacionem ecclesie de Esseburn’ in antiquo dominico Corone Anglie sue quam ecclesiam plures Decani Lincoln’ per loci diocesanos et sedem apostolicam Decanatui Linc’ postmodum appropriatam in proprios usus pacifice possederunt quousque celebris memorie dominus Henricus Rex pater noster in curia sua apud Turrim London’ per consideracionem ejusdem curie sue per breve ultime presentacionis recuperasset presentacionem suam ad eandem ecclesiam de Essheburn’ versus Episcopum et Decanum ac Capitulum ecclesie Lincoln’ cujus_ ecclesie advocacionem ab eodem patre nostro post predicte presentacionis recuperacionem nobis datam per cartam nostram inter alia in eadem carta nostra contenta dedimus et concessimus, deo et beate Marie et ecclesie tunc de Dernhal’ nunc de Valle Regali vocate in Comitatu Cestr’ que est de fundacione nostra necnon et Abbati et Monachis ibidem deo imperpetuum servirturis ~Cumque venerabilis pater Ricardus Linc’ Episcopus et dilectus nobis in Xpo Magister Oliverus de Sutton’ Decanus Linc’ ac capitulum ejusdem ecclesie asserentes se et ecclesiam Linc’ ex donacione predicti domini Regis Willelmi jus habere in advo- cacione dicte ecclesie de Essheburn’ ipsam advocacionem coram nobis et nostro consilio petuissent et iidem Abbas et Conventus 106 CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. de Valle Regali pro ipsis et successoribus suis jam ad nostram instanciam et requisicionem prefatam advocacionem ecclesie de Essheburn’ per cartam suam reddiderint dimiserint concesserint et quietum clamaverint nobis et heredibus nostris de se et successoribus suis imperpetuum Nos donacionem advocacionis dicte ecclesie de Essheburn’ per predictum dominum Regem Willelmum deo et ecclesie Lincoln’ factam ratam habentes et firmam et siquid in ea diminutum fuerit pro salute anime predicti Regis patris nostri et nostre ac animarum progenitorum et heredum nostrorum per presentem cartam nostram supplere volentes advo- cacionem ejusdem ecclesie et omnium capellarum ad eam spectantium dictis Episcopo Decano et Capitulo Lincoln’ ut jus suum reddidimus et insuper eandem advocacionem eis pro nobis et heredibus nostris damus concedimus et quietum clamamus Habend’ et Tenend’ eisdem Episcopo Decano et Capitulo et successoribus suis quietam de nobis et heredibus nostris absque reclamacione aut impedimento nostri vel heredum nostrorum imperpetuum Ita quod eandem advocacionem ecclesie de Esshe- burn’ cum suis capellis rehabeant et sibi et successoribus suis retineant sicut eorum predecessores eam melius et quietius unquam tenuerunt Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod predicti Episcopus Decanus et Capitulum ecclesie beate Marie Lincoln’ predictam advocacionem ecclesie predicte de Essheburn’ cum suis capellis habeant et teneant ut jus suum sibi et successoribus suis quietam de nobis et heredibus nostris absque reclamacione seu impedimento nostri vel heredum nostrorum imperpetuum Ita quod advocacionem illam habeant et teneant sicut eorum predecessores eam melius et quietius unquam tenuerunt sicut predictum est Hiis testibus venerabilibus patribus Thoma de Cantilupo Herefordens’ et Willelmo de Middleton’ Norwycen’ Episcopis Willelmo de Valenc’ avunculo nostro Rogero de Mortuo Mari Rogero de Clifford’ Roberto Tybotot Hugone filio Ottonis Waltero de Helynn Magistro Thoma Bek Archidiacono Dors’ Antonio Beek Archidiacono Dunelm’ Magistro Waltero Scamel Decano Sarre Magistris Rogero de Seyton’ et Roberto de Scardeburg’ Johanne de Liuetot Radulfo CHARTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 107 de Hengham Roberto filio Johannis Ricardo de Bosco et aliis Dat’ per manum nostram apud Westm’ quartodecimo die Junij Anno regni nostri sexto. Vide hoc i !em in facto Abbatis de Valle Regali de ecclesia de Esseburn’ in undecimo folio precedenti. Ioo. Fnsperimus eciam quandam aliam cartam prefati progenitoris nostri in hec verba H. Rex Anglie et Dux Norm’ et Aquitanie et Comes And’ Justiciariis vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus hominibus et fidelibus suis totius Anglie Francis et Anglis et nominatim de Linc’ et Lincolnie siria Salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse et carta mea confirmassie ecclesie Linc” et Roberto Linc’ Episcopo et successoribus ejus ad edificia sua et domos suos totam terram cum fossato de muro ballii mei Linc’ in orientali parte per circuitum écclesie beati Michaelis usque ad cimiterium Sancti Andree et a cimiterio Sancti Andree usque ad murum civitatis versus orientem Et hanc terram concessi et dedi ecclesie Linc’ et eidem Roberto Episcopo et successoribus ejus solutam et quietam de Langabulo et p . . agio et omnibus aliis rebus_ Et libere poterio perforare murum ballii mei ad portam faciendam ad introitum et exitum suum habendum versus ecclesiam et ita edificare quod edificia sua extendantur in utrumque murum Quare volo et firmiter precipio quod ecclesia Lincoln’ et Robertus Episcopus et omnes successores ejus teneant predictam terram bene et in pace et honorifice et quiete et cum socca et sacca et Thol et Them et Infangnenethef Testibus Rogero Ebor’ Archiepiscopo Thoma Cancellario Ricardo de Luci Warino fil’ Giroldi Camar’ Willelmo fil’ Ham’ Roberto de Don- stannilla Josc’ de Baillol’ apud Lincoln’. 108 Roman Cotus found at Atttle Chester; wth Histovical Motes, Ne. By GEorGE BAILEY. his ‘‘ Dialogue upon the Usefulness of Ancient Medals,” says, ‘‘ What curious observations have been made on spiders, lobsters, and cockle-shells? Yet the very naming of them is almost sufficient to turn them into ralllery. It is no wonder, therefore, that the science of Medals, which is charged with so many unconcerning parts of knowledge, and built on such mean materials, should appear ridiculous to those that have not taken the pains to examine it. These small metal discs, so many of which have escaped the ravages of time’s corroding rust, reveal to us the faces of all the great persons of antiquity, insomuch that a cabinet of coins is a collection of portraits in miniature.” The object of these notes is to bring together some of these portraits, and to give, in slight historical sketches, a glimpse of the characters of the originals, so as to make what would other- wise only be a dry list of Roman coins, of some interest ; and to excite, if possible, a spirit of inquiry into this subject, which at present (so far as this town and county are concerned) appears to be almost, if not altogether, dead. From the great numbers of these coins which have from time to time been discovered, it seemed at first as if this would have been an easy task; but our expectations were disappointed, because it was found that indifference, carelessness, and neglect on the part of some who ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 109 possessed, or had formerly possessed, Roman coins, added_ to the curious ignorance of those who had unearthed them (who sometimes fancied them to be of fictitious value, and filed them to find out whether they were gold or silver), have often entirely obliterated what would otherwise have been found fairly good specimens. These causes have been far more destructive than time. To prevent, if possible, the carrying away}jfrom the neigh- bourhood, and consequent loss to the town, of such interesting historical relics of the Roman occupation, may we venture to suggest, that in future such coins and other Roman remains found in the county should find a permanent resting-place in the public Museum, and that they be carefully labelled and well displayed in a suitable light for close examination and study. This is an important provisor, because it must be said that in too many instances, such small objects as these coins are found so arranged and displayed in many museums as to be practically useless, because of the fancy for showing only the odverse side of the same coin to the neglect of the reverse, which is mostly of more interest, and which, besides, differs so greatly in coins of the same emperor. Coins are always best arranged on a white ground, with sufficient margin; and should always have below them a copy of the letterings in the legends, inscriptions, and exergues, in printed letters, easy to see and read. Small writing is altogether out of place in a museum or cabinet. Very few people interested in such things can see small writing, and, of course, a good light is of the utmost importance. We are aware that many persons have in their possession a few of these old coins, stowed away “somewhere”! that might just as well be nowhere ; for our experience has been, that generally they could ‘not be found, and if so fortunate, even then, the most valuable and interesting had been lost altogether. Others have been carried away from the neighbourhood, and are no longer accessible. It would, indeed, now be very difficult to bring together a complete collection of even Little Chester coins, to say nothing about those found throughout the county. It is, IIo ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. however, hoped that this attempt to supplement what had been just begun by Lysons’ and Glover will not be without interest and value, especially as copies of the best of those we have so far been able to get together, battered and worn and corroded though (with a few exceptions) they were, have been reproduced of the exact size of the originals, and with all defects, so that it may be easier for those who possess, or may eventually come into possession of such coins, to decipher them, should they be imperfect like these, as is most likely. We give examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Brass, together with three silver coins—denariti—Nos. 1, 2, and 6. Plates I. andII. Of actual brass we have only one, that of Nero, No. 3; but whether this is of the fine and much-esteemed yellow brass known to the Romans as Orichalcum we cannot decide. We had several more coins of a very much inferior kind of brass, but so much corroded as to be undecipherable, though they appear to have been interesting from what small remains are left on them. The coins we have been able to enumerate here, though they show great gaps in the years, and are examples of but a very small part of those in use during the Roman occupation, will yet be found to range pretty nearly over the whole time from Tiberius Czesar to Valentinian II. or III., about which time the Roman power had seen its best days, and had begun to go down. The effect produced upon Britain by the Roman government was much greater than we are now able to fully realise; but if we carry our minds back to the time when Julius first landed, and consider what our ancient fathers were then, and what they had become when the Romans left them, it will be more evident that 400 years of training under such disciplined men, possessed of so many accomplishments as the Romans were, could not fail to exert a great influence. Evidences of this influence are not wanting to this day, and possibly we are what we are to-day because they came so long ago, and made our forefathers what they did then. We are at any rate much more able now, since so much archeological interest has been felt in the various excavations of Roman cities and settlements which have been ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. III made of late years, to extend our true knowledge of the manner of life of our conquerors, and of those whom they conquered, than was formerly the case. It is matter of regret that, having a settlement of some importance so near to Derby, we have so little to show. The number of coins and vessels of pottery, with other remains, found from time to time, have been far from small. We have lately seen some fragments of pottery of the very best kind made in those days, showing that those who lived at Little Chester were persons of a cultivated taste. The time, we fear, is now gone by when anything can be done to materially improve the state of things, as nearly all the various objects found at Little Chester are now scattered to the four winds, instead of forming, as they might have done, an instructive and valuable collection in our local museum. Certainly there are a number of Roman coins there, but it is not known where they were found. We have given a list of them, as most, if not all, are such as have been found at Little Chester. They were presented by Mrs. T. B. Forman. They are as follows :—Tolemy, B.C. 367, Alexander Gt., 340. ° Vespasian, two coins, 60 and 69 A.D. Augustus, A.D. 14. Domitian, A/D. 81. Trajan, A.D. 98, Hadrian, 116, three coins. Sabina, wife of do., 116. Antonius Pius, 138, three coins. Marcus Aurelius, A.D. 161. Faustina, wife of do. Severus, 193, two coins. Manilia Scantilla, 193. Maximinus, 236. Gordianus, 238, two coins. Philip the Elder. 244. Etruseilla, wife of Trajanus Decius, 2 coins. Victorinus, 265. Maximianus Hercules, 285. Constantine Gt., 306, three coins. A denarius of Crixtia Gens. These are all good specimens. It will be observed that many of the above do not appear among our Little Chester coins. That is no proof that none have - been found there, or may eventually be found, because our list is at present incomplete ; and it is hoped that sufficient interest will be taken in this subject now, to enable a complete one to be made, if the members of this Society will kindly report all Little Chester coins that may come to their knowledge. The writer of this LLZ ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. article will also be glad to have any errors that may have been made in the descriptions here given corrected, if any such there be, as is not improbable. We wish to thank very heartily all those who have in various ways helped us by lending coins, or supplying information, and lending books; especially Mr. Franks, C.B., of the British Museum, and Mr. Garbutt, of Duffield. The names of those who have lent coins used in this paper will be found appended to the coins as they occur in the list. In concluding this somewhat long and discursive introduction, we desire to express the hope that our efforts to show how much that is of interest and value attaches itself to these much-battered and time-worn discs, will enable us the better to understand the immense world-moulding influence exercised by this wonderful people in the past centuries, whose policy and government we even now in so many ways incorporate with our own. There remain in our possession some few other coins which have not yet been fully deciphered. They must now stand over, and form a supplementary article in a future journal. Perhaps it will be the better way to give Glover’s list verbatim, and then to add to it those coins we have seen and examined, whether they occur in Glover’s list or not, making such remarks on each as seem most desirable, in order to associate them with the history of the times in which they were in circulation. We now append Glover’s list, taken from Vol. 1., pp. 293-4-5, of his History of Derbyshire. SEVERVS AVG . PERT . MAX. vev. FVNDATOR PACIS. A female figure standing stolated and veiled, holding a dead branch in her right hand (arg 543 grains). A.D. 208. L.SEPT.SEV . AVG. (the rest imperfect) vez. VICT . PARTHICA. Figure, Victory standing, holding in her right hand a laurel, and in her left military trophies; at her feet a captive (arg. 37 grains). IMP .SEV .ALEXAND . AVG. vev. PM. TR.P « XII: a ——. — neo ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 113 COS.III.P.P. Figure, Mars gradiens, over his shoulder a mantle, the right hand extended; in the left a whip, the lash nowed (base silver, 49 grains). A.D. 222. MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG.GERM. zev. FIDES MILITVM. Figure standing, holding in each hand a signum militare (arg. 43} grains). A.D. 235-6. IMP . PHILIPPVS AVG. vev. SAECVLARES AVG.G. in the centre a column, on which is COS . III . (arg. 563 grains). A.D. 244-9. IMP . PHILIPPVS AVG. zvev. SAECVLARES AVGG. Figure, an antelope (arg. 48} grains). PPM, TV. PHIELIPPVS: AVG. seu.cPM. 2 TR .7P>. IlII.COS.P.P. Figure, a female standing stolated, in the right hand a spear, ending in a caduceus, in her left a cornucopia (arg. 46 grains). FL. MAX .THEODORA AVG. vev. PIETAS ROMANA. Figure, a female standing nursing a child in her left arm, and holding her right hand on her breast : to the left of the figure is a cross patee; in the exergue T. R. P. (small brass) 292. IMP .CARAVSIVS P.P.AVG. vev. MONETA. Figure standing, holding a balance in her right hand, and a cornucopia in her left. 3rd. B. A.D. 293-300. IMP . CARAVSIVS P.P.AVG. vev. PAX. AVG. Figure standing, holding in right hand a branch, in the left a hasta, entwined with a serpent. 3rd B. (One similar to above is illustrated and described further on.) Another, the same, excepting that the figure holds a cornucopia instead of a hasta. 3rd B. IMP . CONSTANTINVS P.P. AVG. zvev. PRINCIPI INVENTVTIS. Figure, a warrior, holding in each hand a signum militare between the letters S . A.; under his feet, P, T . R (and B.).. A.D,. 306-337. IMP. CONSTANTINVS MAX. AVG. vev. VICTORIAE . LARTAE.PRINC . PERP. An altar charged with a star, over which two figures of Victory are holding a shield, inscribed VOT . PR. in the exergue S T R. 9 II4 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. IMP . CONSTANTINVS . AVG. vev. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Figure Mars. (Of this an illustration is given Plate III., No. 16.) IVL.CRISPVS NOB. CAES. rev. BEATA TRONQVIL- LITAS. A votive altar, inscribed VOTIS XX ., on the top of which is the globe of earth, and above it three stars; exergue PTR. A.D. 318-320. FL. .'IVL . CRISPVS - NOB . CAES. vev. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM. Within a garland VOT . X. and _ exergue PSUS: CONSTANTINVS IVN.NOB.C. vev. GLORIA EXER: CITVS. Two signa militaria between two soldiers, each holding a scutum and pilum ; in the exergue T R S. A.D. 340. Ditto ; the letters in the exergue being T R P. Ditto ; the letters in the exergue being SH ANG. DN . FL.CONSTANTINVS NOB.C. rev. PROVIDEN- TIA CAESS. In the centre a castle or wall with a gateway, and at the top three balls ; exergueS M H E. A.D. 340. CONSTANS P.P.AVG. zvev. GLORIA EXERCITAS, On a signum -militare the letter M. between two warriors, each holding a scutum and pilum. A.D. 340. CONSTANS® P . PP .- AVG: “rev MICTORIAE "Dae AVGG.Q.N.N.A. _ Star between two figures of Victory, each holding a laurel ; in the exergue T.R. P. Ditto ; a heart instead of the star, and the exergue T R S. Sis Se laa in the place of the heart or star. Ditto ; a tree, J FL .IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB .C. ze. GLORIA EXERCITVS. ‘Two signa militaria between two soldiers, each holding a scutum and pilum. The letters in the exergue not legible. A.D. 340. Ditto ; the letters in the exergue being S L C. Ditto; with only one signum militare, charged with a patera, and the letters in the exergue CO N ST. CONSTANTIVS AVG. zev. GLORIA EXERCITAS. One signum militare, charged with P between two soldiers as before. SE ——<—<—_- ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. I15 CONSTANTINOPOLIS rev. Victory standing on the prow of a ship, holding in her right hand a spear, and resting her left on a shield ; exergue T R P. VRBS ROMA . zev. Lups. suckling Romulus and Remus ; above two stars ; exergue P LC. (See illustration of this coin, Plate III., No. 11.) Ditto; the letters T R S. Ditto ; the letters T R S. with a star. Ditto ; with three stars above ; and exergue S. CONST. Ditto ; a laurel between two stars above ; exergue T R S. FL. MAGNENTIVS P.F.AVG. zev. VICTORIAE D. D.N.N.AVG. ET .CAE. Two figures of Victory sup- porting a shield, charged with VOT .V.MVLT X., above it a symbol. A.D. 353. Ditto without the symbol, there are letters in the exergue but not legible. Di. MAGNEVTIVS P .. Fos) AVG: veo) (GLORIA ROMANORVM.—A soldier on horseback ; in his right hand a pilum, in his left a scutum, riding over military spoil to strike an enemy, who is thrown on his back and supplicating mercy ; in the exergue A M B—N B. Between the head of the three last is the letter A. This concludes the list given by Glover. There are 37 coins, 19 of which are of the Constantines; and so far as we know at present, the coins of this family have been found in greatest numbers at Little Chester. There are also a number of Caurausius. Mr. Mottram has six or seven, but mostly much defaced and corroded, and they are of the 3rd Brass; but the Caurausius we engrave is of 2nd B. It is not a very good specimen, being much worn and obliterated in parts ; but it is the best we have been able to get. It belongs to Mr. Tyson, East Street. We will now go on to describe those we have been able to add to the list up to the present time. Some of the best will be found illustrated on the three plates which accompany this list. JVNO SOSPITA.—Bust, horned to right, a symbol at back, 116 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. but is indistinct. Rev.—a griffin, also to right. The name of the Moneyer, L. Papi, is worn off. Struck B.C. 81. Plate I., No. 1. (Mr. Salt.) This is a silver coin—denarius—of the Roman Republic, and is a serrata nummi, so called from having the edges notched. This was done to consular coins to prevent forgery, by showing that they were silver all through. But this was imitated by the forgers, who plated them over, after they had first made the serrations.* Juno was a universally worshipped goddess among the Romans; and the consuls when entering upon office had to offer a solemn sacrifice to her. Sospita, one of her numerous names, relates to her power to preserve from danger, and to give health. The date of this coin takes us back to the dictatorship of Sylla, with whom was associated Pompey, afterwards called the Great. In B.C. 60 the first triumvirate of Rome was formed in the persons of Cesar, Pompey, and Crassus. In B.C. 55 Czesar’s first invasion of Great Britain took place. TIBERIVS CASAR.—(1tr1 . c)AESAR . DIVI AVG(vstvs) . F(iL1) . AVG(vstvs).—Bust to right, laurelled. Rev.—Britannia looking to right, holding a trident in right hand. PONTIF(ex) . MAXIM(vs).—Tiberius Cesar Augustus, the son of the deified Augustus). A.D. 14; reigned 22 years. Plate I., No. 2. (Mr. Salt.) This also is silver—a denarius ; and according to Canon Farrar, is the coin brought to our Lord when he said, ‘“‘Show me the tribute money.” Tiberias had assumed the title of Pontifex Maximus, as had been done by his predecessors in the Empire. This was the title of the chief of the ministers of religion. There were originally four Pontifices, afterwards they were raised to eight ; then by Sylla to fifteen. They were divided into M/ajores and Minores, and the whole number together were called Collegium. This title of Pontifex Maximus is still that of the Popes of Rome. Besides this title, Tiberius had also that of Augustus. This title was first conferred on Czesar Octavius, adopted son of Julius * Pinkerton, vol. I., p. 70. ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 5 Cesar, who first annexed Britain to the Roman Empire; and it continued to be used by all the Emperors, and Cesar then _became the title of the second person in the State; or, as we should call him, the heir presumptive. The heritage to which this Tiberius, adopted son of the first Augustus, succeeded, placed in his hand the power of all the then known world, of all that was richest and fairest, untold wealth, unlimited power. Of all this he was the deified ruler and high priest; but he gave himself up to the most unrestrained self- gratification in the island of Capre, and we are told by Pliny* that, writing to the Senate, he gave expression to his feelings in these remarkable words :—‘‘ What to write to you, Conscript- Fathers, or how to write, or what not to write, may all the gods and goddesses destroy me, more than I feel that they are daily destroying me, if I know.” Tiberius, A.D. 37, on 16th March, was suffocated by order of Macrobius, one of his favourites, at the age of 78. These two silver coins are the property of Mr. M. Salt, of Buxton, and were found together, with 80 or go others, in making a road through the lower part of Strutt’s Park, where they had been buried in a vase. NERO. CLAVD.CESAR (defaced, but probably DRVSVS. GERM . PRINCE . IVVENT).—Bust looking to left head, laureated. ev.—A seated, partially draped figure, head rayed, holding up right hand, and in left holds a branch. Legend— (Secvritas) AVGVSTI, inscribed S.C. Zxergue worn out. Plate I., No. 3. (Mr. Shaw.) This coin is of a fine pale brass, much worn and corroded. It is one of the Strutt’s Park coins—tst brass, a sestertius. This Emperor has the character of having been little better than a savage, or wild beast ; and contrived to cram into his short life of 32 years more atrocities than any other man up to his time had imagined. He ordered Seneca to be bled to death, and killed his second wife, Poppea, by a kick, and had previously caused his * Farrar’s ‘ Life of Christ,” p. 106. 118 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. first to be murdered ; he had his own mother put to death, and is credited with setting Rome on fire, and playing on a violin while he watched the blaze. He then had the audacity to lay the crime on the Christians of Rome, whom he had seized, and many of them were sewn up in skins of beasts and thrown to the dogs; while others were put into pitched sacks, and set up in his gardens to illuminate, by being set on fire at night. The Apostles Peter and.Paul are said to have been put to death by him. So odious did he become, that his subjects sentenced him to be thrown from the Tarpeian rock, a fate he escaped by committing suicide. (IMP . CAES . VESPA)SIAN . AVG . COS(vu).—Bust to right, head laureated. Aev.—A temple with six columns (Capitol) ; in the middle, Jupiter between Juno and Minerva; on the pediment several figures. 2nd brass. The whole much corroded and difficult to decipher. Plate I., fig. 4; A.D. 69 to 79. (Mr. Shaw.) Vespasian was a man of humble lineage, not of an ambitious disposition ; but his mother, having more of this property, used it to urge on her son to seek for distinction, which seems to have succeeded. When Nero ascended the throne, he sent Vespasian into Africa as pro-consul. He does not appear to have been a great success in that office there. Afterwards he went with Nero into Greece. He, however, was too honest to pretend to admire Nero’s fine voice, on which he prided himself, either leaving the room or else going to sleep. This did not please the Emperor, and he banished him from court, but almost immediately ’ despatched him to Jerusalem. He was more successful there, for in A.D. 71 he was honoured with a triumph in company with his son Titus, for the conquest of Judea and destruction of Jerusalem. He closed the Temple of Janus, and erected a magnificent one to Peace, which he dedicated in the fifth year of his government, and placed in it the sacred vessels brought from the Temple, furnishing it with all the most precious treasures of art known, brought from all parts of Europe and Asia. In A.D. 74 he made a census of the Roman people, and from the remarks of Pliny, it may be’ assumed that the average length of human life ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 119 has not diminished since that time, though possibly it has seldom been exceeded, supposing the statistics to be correct ; for instance between the Po and the Apennines there were found 54 persons roo years old—fourteen were 110; two were 125; four were 130; four were 135 to 137; and three r4o. In ‘character this Emperor was eminently mild and moderate. He was a great lover of simplicity, and he was not easily provoked, saying on one occasion when Demetrius, the cynic, had done his best to vex him, ‘‘ Thou dost all thou canst to make me take thy life, but I do not kill dogs merely because they bark.” He was a great patron of art and letters, and though he is said to have been avaricious, Tacitus said of him that he was the first instance of a man becoming a better man on obtaining supreme power. However this may have been, he certainly is not accused of spending money on himself; it all went to friends and towards the embellishment of Rome; he re- stored the Capitol, and the Temple of Jupiter, built the Temple of Peace, and laid the foundations of the Coliseum. He was as great an economist of time as of money, continuing to perform all the duties of his office up to his last hour. He died on 24th June, A.D. 79, aged 70. HADRIANVS.AVG.COS.III . P. P.—Bust looking to right; head laureated; vev. a figure of Justice draped, and holding in right hand a balance, and in left a staff. Legend— AEQVITAS . AVG. inscribed S.C. Nothing visible on Exergue. A.D. 117; reigned 20 years, from August 11th, 117, to July 2nd, 138. «st Brass. Plate I., No.5, Mr. Lichfield. Some reverses of Hadrian in rst Brass have a Britannia, but we do not know of a Derbyshire example. Hadrian built the wall known by his name, extending from mouth of the Tyne, near Newcastle, to Solway Firth, ‘according to some ; but only from the river Eden in Northumber- land to the Tyne, according to others; the difference in distance is considerable, being in the former case 80 miles, in the latter 8 miles. He built this wall on coming to Britain A.D. 120, in order to prevent the incursions of the Northern barbarians. Hadrian 120 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. was a learned and accomplished man. He made a complete circuit of all his provinces, and his coins have been found to have upon them no less than 20 provinces. Visiting Jerusalem, he caused the city to be restored, and built a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus on site of Solomon’s, and caused a marble swine to be placed there, and heathen divinities in sacred places. He first adopted Aflius Verus to be his successor, but that prince dying suddenly, he then chose Antoninus, on 25th February, 138, which was the last year of Hadrian’s reign. The malady he suffered from was dropsy, and his sufferings were very great, so much so that he at one time desired to be put to death. In his last hours he composed the well-known lines, ‘‘ Hadrian’s Address to his Soul,’”’ which have been translated as follows :— ** Poor little, pretty, fluttering thing, Must we no longer live together ? And dost thou prune thy trembling wing, To take thy flight thou know’st not whither ? Thy humorous vein, thy pleasing folly, Lie all neglected, all forgot, And passive, wav’ring, melancholy Thou dread’st, and hop’st thou know’st not what ?” Taken in the light of the age in which he lived, and compared with those that preceded him, the character of Hadrian stands out favourably. He was evidently a man of great mental power, and there is much in him to admire; though he was not altogether free from the cruelty which seems to have been incident to a Roman Emperor. The legend on this coin is of the date between A.D. 119 to 138. Hadrian is remarkable as being the first Roman Emperor that wore a beard; before his time they were all smoothly shaven.* His accomplishments were many and various, and several of his great works remain, such as his temple and the bridge of St. Angelo. (This coin is in possession of Mr. Lichfield.) ANTONINVS. PIV.AVG. Bust to right, draped, head * © Decline and Fall of Rome,” p. 109. ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 121 laureated ; vev. FYNDATOR PACIS. A male figure to left, veiled and draped, holding an olive branch in right hand, and a small scroll (?) in left, a denartus, silver or electrum ? A good specimen. A.D. 138 to 161. Plate II. No. 1. (Mr. Mottram.) There are reverses of Antoninus in 1st and 2nd Brass with the Britannia, but we know of no example from Little Chester at present. This Emperor was adopted by Hadrian to succeed him ; it was a fortunate choice. Antoninus was a man in every way estimable, he was wise, liberal, and in his habits temperate ; he cared little for the pomp and ceremony of State. It is related of him that on an occasion when Marcus Aurelius, who, at the request of Hadrian, was being brought up to succeed him in the Empire, shed tears at the untimely death of one of his school fellows, Antoninus said : ‘‘Suffer him to weep, for neither the wisdom of a sage nor the dignity of a prince requires us to eradicate the feelings of a man.” His clemency and the excellence of his disposition gained for him early in his reign that enviable title by which he is distinguished, that of Pius, a title appropriated by many of his less worthy successors. He died at the advanced age of 75 years, in the 23rd year of his reign, A.D. 161. There was a rebellion of the Brigantes who inhabited Northumberland, which was soon repressed ; and a wall to keep out the more Northern invaders was extended from the Firth of Forth to the Firth of Clyde; otherwise his reign was peaceable on the whole. This Emperor was a very tall, handsome man. MMEGIGM. AVR, <. . .cA)RINUS: P.P. A-V.G. ‘Bust to right, head crowned, vev., a nude figure with helmet, in right hand a caduceus, and in left a vine tendri]. M. La C. de Bentinck describes this reverse .as a victory, having a curious bonnet resembling that of Mercury, and an ornament at side /out aussi “peu usité. VICTORIA. AVG, inscription A. 3rd Brass, A.D. 282—284. (Mr. Williams). Plate II., No. 7. IMP . CARAVSIVS . PIE . AVG. Bust to right, head crowned. ev. a drap2d figure to left holding an augural staff, right hand held up, legend indistinct . . . AVG. Inscription 122 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. S.P. (?) exergue MIXX(1). 2nd Brass. A.D. 287 to 298. Plate IIL., No. 8. Carausius usurped the imperial office in Britain. He was a sailor, who had been appointed to keep the English Channel free of the Saxon freebooters, with whom he allied himself and shared the plunder. He was ordered to be killed by Maximianus and Diocletian, who suspected him on finding him becoming suddenly wealthy ; but he discovered the design, and having the soldiers in Britain on his side, he joined an alliance with the Franks and Saxons, and together they kept possession of the English Channel, and extended his dominion. He so firmly established his position that they resigned into his hands the power he had usurped, and acknowledged him as one of the Emperors. His administration is said to have been more vigorous than wise or clement. He kept in check the Caledonians on the North, and restored the wall of Severus; but was tyrannical and licentious, as one would imagine from his portrait here given. He held his power in Britain from A.D. 287 to 293, when he is said to have been assassinated by Allectus, his Prime Minister, who assumed the purple; but only for a short time. Constantinus had determined to bring Britain again under the Roman Government, and sent Asclepiodatus with a squadron, who landed in Kent or Sussex, while he in person threatened the capital and fruitful shores of the Thames. The ‘result was for Constantinus a complete victory. Allectus was slain, and everywhere the Czesar was received with acclamation. This was in the year A.D. 296. So Constantinus, called Chlorus because of some peculiarity in his complexion, completely recovered Britain, and placed it again under imperial protection. A number of coins of Carausius have been found at Little Chester. A reverse of one has a figure to right with a spear, up which a serpent is creeping, and with the left puts something into the mouth of a serpent. Legend SALVT. AVG. (Mottram.) MAXIMINVS.PI.AVG. Known as Maximinus Hercules. Bust to right, head laureated, wears Imperial robe. vey. GENIO . POP. ROM. exergue P.L.T., the Genius semi-draped to left, San PLATE II. XIII. VOL. eee Ee ee Oe a Si le et le hee 10. S FOUND AT LITrLe Cuesrer, DERBY. KOMAN COIN ee “ AMY OMe ocspateas 2 wipe - ~ =i iin, av > Me —_ Tyo 08 reat ae we bt EL REE mae nf a # ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 123 | head rayed, holds in left hand a cornucopia, and in right a wreath or ring. This is an excellent specimen, and belongs Mr. Williams, 2nd Brass, A.D. 235 to 278. Plate II., No. 9. This Emperor appears to have been of the hero type, a man of immense strength. His height exceeded eight feet, and his strengh and appetite were in proportion. He consumed forty pounds of flesh and seven gallons of wine in his daily meals ; but, as he is not in any especial way mentioned in connection with Britain, we pass him by. D.V. MAXIMIANO .IVN . AVG. Bust to right, head laureated. ev., a figure standing looking to left, holds in left hand a cornucopia, and in right a wreath, (Gen1)O . POP . ROM. A very much worn coin of 2nd Brass, A.D. 286 to 309, known as Galerius Maximianus. He was associated with Diocletian and Maximian in the imperial government ; the latter, having fruitlessly endeavoured to reduce Carausius to order in the usual way, patched up a peace by recognising him as the Roman Cesar in Britain. About this time the name of Constantinus begins to appear, and he was adopted by Maximian, and to more closely unite him to the imperial families he desired him to put away his wife, Helena —the mother of Constantine the Great—to make way for Theodora, his step-daughter ; and to Constantinus was intrusted the protection of Greece, Spain, and Britain. At this time the Empire had four rulers, Diocletian being recognised by the other three—Maximian, Constantinus, and Galerius—as the superior ; indeed, if we admit Carausius, there were five, as he was certainly vested with the imperial power for ten years in Britain. It was in the calends of March, A.D. 292, that the three Czesars were in- stalled in their high office, and immediately after Constantinus . hastened to get rid of the usurper Carausius, as has been already related. About A.D. 305, the two Emperors, Diocletian and Maximian, resigned the imperial power to their adopted sons, Gale- rius and Constantinus. Diocletian died at his palace of Spalatro, in 313, and his adopted son, the Maximianus Galerius of our coin, died 124 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. in May, A.D. 311. Maximian is said to have committed suicide A.D. 309 or 310. (Mottram.) Plate II., No. ro. We will take now the coins of Rome and Constantinople, of which several have been found at Little Chester, and one or two fairly good examples have been lent to us by Messrs. Mottram and Williams. - VRBS . ROMA. _ Bust helmeted to left, wears imperial robes ; vev, Lups suckling Romulus and Remus, two stars above ; in exergue P.L.G. preceded bya star. 3rd Brass. ‘Time of Constantine the Great. Plate III., No. 11. CONSTANTINOPOLIS. Bust to left, with helmet wreathed, wears imperial robe and sceptre on left shoulder; rev., Victory standing on prow of a ship to left, left-hand rests on a shield, and right holds a sceptre; in exergue ©: A Pie Plate Tih, No.2. (Motiram.) Another of this coin, but not from same die. (Mr. Williams). Imperfect. Another of same, but vey. is not quite same. (Mr. Long- bottom). Another of same. (Longbottom). CONSTANTINOPILO. Bust to right, helmet, &c. ; vev. (BE) ATI. TRAN (guitiras). An altar with globe, on front RT. IS. XXs; in exereue. P_T BR.» Notsasgoodeoing iis much worn. Plate III., No. 13: (Williams). CONSTANTIVS.NOB.CAE. Bust, looking right, laure- ated and in imperial robes. (Constantius Chlorus, A.D. 292 to 306). Rev., two standards with wreath between, on each side a Roman soldier with. shields and spears, right-hand holds spear, left rests on shield. Plate III, No. 14. (Mr. Lee). Another similar, bust, head to right; but all much worn; vev., a standard between two soldiers, with shields and spears ; legend worn off. (Williams). Constantius Chlorus was father of Constantine the Great. He was adopted as his successor by Maximian, who, to- gether with his co-Emperor Diocletian, retired in favour VOL. XIII. PLATE III. 13. 18. ROMAN Corns FOUND ar LITTLE CHESTER, Dersy. ; ‘ar ; oo “ax i i ; 4 ms ou Y “ aye ie “ey <9 , t *g - nA Qa a . i es vlad ¢ Py =] a ah F'n ; 0 ~ ee pee Se ; or “dion . f a 4. nt 7 ae ‘ P< $ Fa , e > ~ Bs . - oe . a] - > d a niet ees gS Ses Shwe . ‘ < 6 ’ bs a . ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 125 of the young men they had each selected for: the purple; thus Constantius was associated with Galerius, in the imperial power; he arrived in Britain in 305, and died at York 306, in the month of July. He was succeeded by his son, Constantine the Great. IMP . CONSTANTINVS . PF . AVG. _ Bust to right, draped, head wreathed; zev., the same, standing, the right- arm elevated, the left holds a globe; nude, except a mantle hangs from left shoulder ; lengend, soLi . INVICTO . COMITI . Misctibed. T....F . ; a star, under T-on..right; exergue C.A.R.L., A.D. 323 to 337. 3rd -brass. Plate III., No. 16. (Mr. Lee). This Emperor succeeded in re-uniting the whole Roman empire under one head forty years after Diocletian’s new scheme of government, which admitted a plurality of sovereigns. It was in A.D. 324 that this consummation was effected.* During the period of peace which ensued, he _ resolved to form a new capital. This was no new idea, for Julius Cesar had before his death desired to form a new capital at Troy or Alexandria, so Constantine fixed on ancient Byzantium as being excellent for situation, and there, at prodigious expense and labour, he raised a new city. Six hundred centenaries, about £2,500,000, was expended on the erection of walls, porticos, and aqueducts; in it there was a capitol or school of learning, a circus, two theatres, eight public and 153 private baths, fifty-two porticos, five granaries, eight aqueducts or reservoirs of water, four spacious halls, “fourteen churches, and the same number of palaces, 4,388 grand houses, etc., so Gibbon relates. This grand city was built, it is said, in consequence of a vision; Constantine was . one who saw visions. It is related by Eusebius that he saw a vision as he was marching from France into Italy against Maxentius, and desiring the help of the gods, fixed upon the God of the Christians, whom he importuned, and it * “Decline and Fall of Rome,” p. 345. 126 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. is said that while marching with his forces in the afternoon, the trophy of the cross appeared very luminous in the heavens, brighter than the sun, with this inscription, “Conquer by this.” Pondering over this event till night, Christ appeared to him in his sleep, with the same sign, and directed him to make use of it as his military ensign.* This was done, and the sign was placed on the imperial standards; we have an example of it on a coin of Valentinianus, of which an illustration is given, Plate III. It is known as the /abarum. Constantine died after a reign of thirty years, in his 64th year, May 22, A.D. 337. CONSTANTINVS . AVG. (THE GREAT). Bust laureated, head to right; 7vev., a figure of Victory, with one foot resting on acaptive. Legend, (sar)M(a)TIA . INVICTA. Notavery good example, 3rd Brass. Plate III. No. 17. The Sarmatians were a savage race, who, by their hostility to their neighbours, the Goths, and others, were at last reduced to the neces- sity of applying to Constantine for protection. He incorporated a number of them into his legions, and assigned settlements to the remainder in various parts of the empire. The military armour of these people must have been curious; the cuirass was made of thin plates sliced from the hoofs of horses, and sewed one upon another ; this, with a short dagger, a spear, and arrows pointed with poisoned fish bone, rendered them troublesome antagonists, mounted as they were on powerful horses. CRISPVS . NOB .CAES. Bust, draped and _laureated, looking to right; vev., an altar with a palm wreath on front, above it another, in centre of which is VOT.; on each side winged figures making an offering. The legend appears to read: VICTORIA . ILLVSTRIORIS . CAES. The letters are a good deal battered, but this is no doubt the reading. Plate II. | No. 18. (Mr. Mottram.) This Czesar was son of Constantine the Great, by Minervina, his first wife; but through the false accusations of Faustina, * Milner’s ‘‘Church History,” p. 209. iPr we ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 127 his step-mother, his death was brought about somehow, but whether by assassination or poison is not clear. It appears the matter of the accusation was cleared up through the influence of Helena, the aged mother of Constantine, and he afterwards, it is said, erected a statue to his memory of silver and gold, inscribed, ‘“‘ My son, unjustly condemned.” This is the St. Helen who is said to have found the true Cross at Jerusalem. CONSTANTINVS . IV .NB.C. (Constantine II.) Bust to right, with a wreath or fillet, a military dress ; legend, GLOR . IN . EXERCITYS ; 7ev., two military standards, with a symbol between them; on each side a soldier holding shield and spear ; exergue, PCONST. Plate III. No. 14. (Mr. Lee.)—M. Cohen, tome 5, pp. 263-4, remarking on these letters, says, “CONST: a part of the coins with CONS or CONST ought to be attributed to the town of Arles, which took at this period the name of Constantine, and the four workmen or coiners, who had for exergue P. Const, Q. Const. We find this change at the end of Constantine’s reign, under Constantine II. and his two brothers. Under Magnentius and Decentius the name of Arles was restored; from Julius II. to Theodosius I. the town re-took the name Constantine.” This coin is a Constantine II.; his imperial seat was at Constantinople, and he had for his share, on the division of the empire—which took place on the death of his father, between the three brothers—Gaul, Spain, Britain, and Africa. About three years after this division, he being dissatisfied, tried to get from his brother Constans part of Italy ; but the latter took up arms against him, and the result was that Constantine, the elder brother, was slain, and his body thrown into the river Alsa, a short distance from Aquileia, but was afterwards recovered and buried at Constantinople, near his father, Constantine the Great. Constans now became master of above two-thirds of the Roman Empire. This was in A.D. 340; but ten years after, Magnentius (Plate III., No. 15) determined to wrest the government from him, and, having brought about the assassination of Constans, he 128 ROMAN COINS FOUND AY LITTLE CHESTER. usurped the government. The third brother, Constantius, was then at Antioch, and on hearing of his brother’s death, he, of course, claimed the empire of the west. Magnentius sent ambassadors to meet him, and tried to negociate with him, so as to be a participant in the government, promising to recognise Constantius as the head. The latter deferred his answer till next day. He then said that during the night he had seen a vision ; his father, Constantine the Great, had appeared to him, and, presenting the body of Constans, had warned him to revenge his death, and he felt that in so just a cause his success was secured. After various reverses, Magnentius was driven to extremities, and put himself to death by falling on his sword, on Aug. 10, 359.* The Britons fell in for a share of the anger of Constantius, and Martinus, the vice-prefect of the island, interposed to defend the innocent from the false accusations of Paulus Catena, a bad man who had been sent to wreak vengeance on the islanders ; but, not succeeding, buried his weapon in his own breast. This Emperor, on visiting Rome A.D. 356, caused the obelisk brought by his father from the Temple of the Sun, at Heliopolis, to be erected. It now stands in the square opposite the church of St. John Lateran. During the concluding years of his reign he was associated in the government with Julian, who afterwards succeeded him. Constantinus died at Monsucrene, in Cilicia, on Nov. 3, 361, A.D. Another coin of this Emperor, head to right, wreathed ; legend, F-L. . PF ~CONSTANTINVS . NO . AVG; rvev., same as before. (Williams.) Another, head to left ; vev., a wreath, in centre VOT . CXXJ. ; legend, CASSARVM . NOSTRORVM. (Mr. Longbottom.) Another appears to be the same, but has been attributed to Const. Chlorus. This, however, is doubtful. (Lee.) M. Cohen says the whole of the coins having on reverse GLORIA . EXERCITVS . no matter under what Emperor struck, are of a smaller diameter, or 4tt/e bronze, and approach * “Decline and Fall of Rome,” p. 864. -—— _~—-— —s ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 129 those of the Quinaria ; in number, they are sometimes even less than they.* Another, with same legend, but instead of the head being wreathed it has a twisted fillet; vev. has the legend, PROVI- DENTIA . AVG, a gate of a camp, with tripods and balls at top, between which is a star ; on each side A.S., exergue, SHANT. Plate III. No. 19. (Lee.) Another, same legend, gate of camp, etc.; but the head is older, and the things on the top of the gate are square, not tripod-shaped. (Lee.) D.N.MAGNENTIVS. PF.AVG. Bust in military dress, head to right, no wreath, A at back of head; vev. a warrior on horseback, charging with his spear at a man before him, kneeling on one knee, and holding up hands in supplicating attitude. On the ground are the shield and broken spear of the man ; legend, (GLor)IA . ROMANORVM.; exergue . DLG. ‘There are four letters ; the first is only partly on, and cannot be made out. Magnentius was a usurper during the times of the Constantines ; he died by his own hand A.D. 359. Britain was part of his dominion. (Plate III. No. 15.) D.N.VALENTINIANVS.P.F.AVG. Bust in military dress, head to right, wreathed ; vev. a draped figure, standing, holding in left hand the labarum of Constantine P, right hand rests on the head of a captive; inscription is O. F.II.; legend GLORIA. ROMANORVM. The head of this figure appears to be that of an ass; it may, however, be intended for Anubis ; if so, it is a dog’s head, but it looks like the representation on Plate III., No. 20. (Mr. Longbottom.) There were three emperors of this name; this is the second of the name. He was associated with Gratianus. The first was Valentinian, who was chief in command over the legions in Britain from 340 to 370 A.D. Affairs here were unsatisfactory, through the Picts, Scots, and a number of Scandinavians making incursions. This at last became unbearable, and Theodosius was sent to quell Cohen, tome 5, p. 313. Io 130 ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. the disturbance. This he was successful in doing. He recovered back from them the level country between the Tweed and Forth, and gave to it the name of Valentia, and for the time effected peace. This emperor died in a fit of rage, 17 Nov., A.D. 375; reigned 12 years. The coin we reproduce does not happen to be one of his reign, but is that of the second, Valentinianus II. In his reign the revolt of Maximus took place in Britain. He appears to have been very popular, for a large colony of Britons, numbering 130,000 males and above 70,000 females, followed him over the channel, and so originated the province of Brittany. Valentinianus II. died, or, it is supposed, was strangled by Arbo- gastes, in A.D. 392. The third of the name was permitted to assume the title of Augustus when only six years of age, on the death of his uncle Honorius, 425 A.D.; but, as this emperor is not so intimately associated with events in Britain, we need not trace him further, especially as we have no coin of his reign. He was assassinated at Rome in 455. We may mention, though, that in the reign of his uncle Honorius a revolt took place in Britain, and a private soldier named Constantine was raised to the throne of Britain and Gaul. He crossed over into Gaul in 408 A.D., and, after a varied fortune, came to his end by assassination, AD egane ‘‘ The three circlets of lead, which are here engraved after the exact size and pattern of the originals, were found in a garden at Little Chester, near Derby, close to the remains of the Roman wall. They were at no great depth, and with them were coins, bits of pottery, and other small relics. They each weigh forty- eight grains. Can they be weights? So far they have puzzled ROMAN COINS FOUND AT LITTLE CHESTER. 131 several good Roman antiquaries, who look upon them as unique. Can any of our readers furnish an explanation, or offer any probable conjecture ?”—This query appeared in the January issue of the Axfiguary, and has already brought forth the following reply from Mr. Charles T. Phillips, the hon. secretary of the Sussex Archeological Society, who writes :— ** Tn this month’s issue of Anfiguary is a Note of three circlets of lead found in a garden at Little Chester, near Derby, with coins, bits of pottery, and other small relics, close to the remains of the Roman wall, and explanation or probable conjecture, from any reader, is asked for. My suggestions must be taken as wholly conjectural. Could they have been Sale Marks, such as in medieval and more recent times were used by traders and merchants for identification, or warranty, of their goods, and of which we have a few in our museum, stamped with letters or trade marks ? “ Or are they seals, stamped with marks, and not letters (and, as I presume from the engravings given, oz one side only), some- what similar to those in the York Museum, and described thus in the Handbook, page 104 (Roman Relics) :—‘ Case J. F. Seven lead seals, found at Brough, in Westmoreland, six of which were given by the Rev. Dr. Simpson, of Kirkby Stephen, in 1880. Very large quantities of them have been found there. They are stamped on doth sides with letters, and are supposed to have been given to recruits.’ ? “ Though found with Roman relics, it is just possible they are of later date. ‘‘ Could they be ‘Dumps’? though whether the noble Roman ‘ youths indulged in such an ignoble game, I must leave to the mature judgment of better archzologists than I can ever aspire to be. “Or can they be counters for games, like our Draughts or Backgammon ?” 132 Proceedings of the Derbyshire Connntittec for Compoundtig, and other Commonwealth Papers. By Rev. J. CuHartes Cox, LL.D., F.S.A. JN the eleventh volume of the Journal of this Society, a considerable number of documents were given relative to the sequestration of the Derbyshire estates of Philip Earl of Chesterfield. Among the manu- scripts of the library at Meynell Langley, are various other original papers pertaining to the sequestrated lands of different Derbyshire ‘‘ delinquents” during the Commonwealth. These papers are chiefly of the year 1652, but extend also occasionally a year or two on either side. There is no record at Meynell Langley, that we have been able to trace, which in any way explains how the late Mr. Godfrey Meynell became possessed of this bundle of interesting papers. But the late Dr. Webb, of Wirksworth, once assured us that he had heard on good authority that they were obtained for a trifle by Mr. Meynell from an impoverished descendant of Robert Mellor, who was Mayor of Derby in 1647, and who was one of the most active of the Derbyshire Commissioners for the sequestration of the estates of delinquents. At the Restoration, almost the whole of the local documents of this class, showing the work done by the resi- dent Commissioners, were naturally destroyed, a fact that gives additional value to these Derbyshire instances. For brief notes with regard to some of the central Commis- sioners for Compounding, as well as the Derbyshire officials, the reader is referred back to the article in the eleventh volume. PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 133 So little has been put on record, and that little generally characterised by inaccuracy, with regard to the principle of sequestration, by even our standard historians, that no excuse is necessary for quoting, as a preliminary to the re-production of these papers, the Order of Parliament that first provided for this punishment of delinquents. The Ordinance is too long and wordy to quote zz ex/enso, but the preamble is given in full, with an abstract of the remainder. I. Aprill. 1643. An Ordinance of the Lords and Commons assembléd in Parliament for sequestring notorious Delinquents Estates. The Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, taking into their serious considerations the heavy pressures and calamities which now lye upon this Kingdom by this unnaturall warre raised against the Parliament ; and that notwithstanding all their faithfull and uncessant Endeavours, for the preserving of His Majesty, and the whole Kingdome from the mischie- vous and restlesse designes of Papists and ill affected persons (whose aym is the extirpation of our Religion, Laws, and Liberties) yet their councells and practises are still so prevalent with His Majesty, and the hearts of many people so misled and beguiled by their false pretences and insinuations, that nothing can be expected, but ruine and desolation, unlesse God in mercy prevent it, and incline His Majesties heart to the faithfull advice of His great Councell of Parliament; which hath ever been, and is (under God) the cheif support of His Royall Dignity, and the security of all that we have or can enjoy. And for that it is most agreeable to common Justice that the estates of such notorius Delinquents, as have been the causers or Instruments of the publike calamities which have been hitherto employed to the fomenting and nourishing of these miserable Distractions, should be converted and applyed towards the supportation of . the great charges of the Common-wealth, and for the easing of the good Subjects therein, who have hitherto borne the greatest share in these Burthens. Be it therefore Ordained by the said I.ords and Commons, That the estates real and personal of, the Archbishops of Canterbury and of York, the Bishops of Durham, Coventry and Lichfield, Norwich, Asaph, Oxford, Bath and Wells, Hereford, Ely, Gloucester, Peterborough, Landaff, Worcester, And of such Bishops, Deans, etc, and of all other persons Ecclesiasticall or Temporall as have or shall raise arms, against the Parliament, or have or shall voluntarily contribute any Money, Horse, 134 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. Plate, Arms, Munition or other Aid or Assistance to the maintenance of any force which is hostile to the Parliament or which is to rob spoil plunder or destroy any persons who have willingly submitted to Parliament ; and of those who associate themselves against Parliament, or who have taxed or assisted in forcibly taxing anyone for the maintenance of forces hostile to parliament, shall be siezed and sequestred into the hands of Sequestrators and Committees appointed by both Houses of Parliament for any county, city, or place in England or Wales. The sequestrators, or their agents two or more in each county etc, are required to sieze the personal and the real estate of all the above specified Delinquents, and also two parts of the personal and of the real estate of every papist. The sequestrators, & their agents to have power to let and demur the same as their Landlords might have done, to take verbal evidence and to sieze accounts etc. and to appoint and remunerate estate agents. The tenants debtors etc of the delinquents are required to pay their rents etc to the sequestrators who on account of the hardness of the times are to have power to grant a full and sufficient receipt. The sequestrators & their agents to have power to distrain for rent, to pay rents to the Treasurer at Guildhall London, to keep accounts, to have power to call to their aid the train bands, to punish those who are refractory or negligent in assisting them to compel obedience to this ordinance by a fine not exceeding 20 pounds, or to report their names to the committee of Lords*and Commons appointed for the purpose. It is declared and ordained that all the sums profits etc. shall be employed to the use and for the maintenance of the army and forces raised by Parliament or for such uses as may be directed by Parliament. The Sequestrators etc to have allowances for their necessary charges and pains in & about the premises. Aggrieved persons to appeal to Parliament or to the above mentioned committee of Parliament. This ordinance not to be put in execution in places where any former ordinance has been made for siezing estates of Delinquents. The estates of the said Delinquents shall be liable for their proportionate part of any public charges just as if this ordinance had not been passed, and also for all charges payable to persons other than the Delinquents. The ordinance is not to interfere with any sums paid to Colleges or Hospitals (whose revenues have not been employed for the maintenance of war against Parliament) Grammar Schools, Scholars, or for the repair of Churchs, Chapels, Highways, Cawseys, Bridges, Schoolhouses, or for any other charitable use. The Committee appointed for the county of Derby in the schedule of this Act consisted of ‘Sir John Curson Baronet, Sir — PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 135 John Gell Baronet, Sir John Coke Knight, Francis Revell, Nathaniel Hallowes, and James Abney Esquires.” Additional ordinances were voted from time to time, making special regulations and changes with regard to delinquents’ estates in different counties, and certain general details were altered at a later date with regard to compounding ; but, never- theless, the ordinance of April 1st, 1643, remained the basis of the process of sequestration throughout the Commonwealth. HARPUR OF SWARKESTON. The founder of the once influential and wealthy Derbyshire family of Harpur was Richard Harpur, son of a younger son of the Harpurs of Rushall, Staffordshire. He married Jane, daughter and heiress of Sir George Findern, and hence obtained the large properties of Swarkeston, Findern, etc. Richard Harpur was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and died on January 29th, 1573. Both his son and his grandson, Sir John and Sir Richard, materially increased their wealth by their marriages. The children of Sir Richard Harpur dying without issue, the property devolved upon his next brother, John, who had married Dorothy, daughter and heiress of John Dethick, of Breadsall. His only son became Sir John Harpur, Knt., of Swarkeston and Breadsall. He married firstly, Catherine, daughter and heiress of Henry Howard, third son of Thomas, .Earl of Suffolk, by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Thomas Bassett of Blore; and secondly, Frances, eldest daughter of William Lord Willoughby of Parham. Sir John Harpur, of Swarkeston, who was High Sheriff in 1636, was beyond doubt the richest man of his times in the county of Derby. He strongly backed the king’s advisers in the matter of the disastrous ship money. The fourth ship-writ reached the county during his shrievaltry, so that Sir John was responsible for its collection. On February 27th, 1636-7, he forwarded the following letter, with a plan of assessment, to the lords of the Council :— 136 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING, ** Right honoble, In obedience to his Matyes writ and directions from yor Lopps for prperation of a shipp in the Countie of Derbie for his Matyes service I have caused to be assessed and taxed the sume of 3,5ooli. in the rateing whereof upon the severall towneships I have governed myself (as much as might be) by such publique payments as have bine usuall in the said County. The perticular sume of everie Constablerie is mentioned in the schedule here inclosed wth distinction of the charge of the Clergie according to yor Lops appointment And some addition is therein proposed to be raised out of prtended exempt places from their towneships for supplie of others unable to pay. And although some part of the money in the said schedule in reguard of the povertie of the parties cannot wthout great pressure be prsently leavyed nor the rates of some impropriate tythes and some other thinges for the prsent be distrayned for, because the owners thereof reside not in the County whereby one hundred pounds and upwards is not yet come to my hands. Yet in my desire of expediteing the service I have brought up the whole sume of 3,5o0oli. humbly desireing that if I finde any absolute refusall to pay the said sume of rooli. and upward to me I may have the honorable assistance of this Board to helpe myselfe. And soe I shall remaine to be commanded by your Lopps. In all humblenes, John Harpur. 27 Feb. 1636.” * The persistency with which he supported the Council seems to have rendered him specially obnoxious to the Parliament men. On January toth, 1645, Sir John Harpur of Swarkeston was ordered by the Commissioners to settle A110 per annum, viz., £20 per annum upon the vicar of Barrow, £40 per annum upon the church at Ticknall, and £50 per annum upon the church of Repton ; for which he was to be allowed £583, reduced his * Dom. State Papers, Charles I., ccciii., No, 135. "7 ,* i ¢ ’ PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 137 previous fine of £4,583 to the round sum of £4,000. When, in 1655, a further levy of one tenth the value of the estates of delinquents was made, another fine of 44.000 was put upon Sir John, by far the largest sum demanded of any Derbyshire delinquent. The following is Randle Holmes’ description of the loyalty of this Derbyshire sheriff :— ‘*Sir John Harper of Swarson in the Hundred of Repingdon and Gresly Knight, who for his own virtues and actions received the honour of Knighthood from the hands of King Charles the First at his Court of Whit Hall the IV. of July Anno mpcxxx., with whom he faithfully adhered against those Antimonarchial spirits in the Late Long Parliament in Anno xLiI. in his Majesties distressed condition, For this piece of Loyalty he was brought under the cursed Lash of Sequestration, and payd for the same four Thousand pounds, besides Cx pounds per annum settled on those parsons, who in their pulpets blew the greatest blast.” * He died in 1677, without surviving issue. His uncle, Henry Harpur, who purchased the Calke estate in 1621, was made a baronet in 1626, and his grandson, Sir John Harpur, Bart., united the Swarkeston and Calke properties by becoming heir to his father’s cousin in 1677. Sir Henry Harpur’s third son was William Harpur of Derby, and afterwards of Bilston. He -is referred to in the two last of these Harpur sequestration papers. Randle Holmes thus describes the first baronet of Calke :— *‘ Henry Harpur of Calke, created Baronet eight of September Anno Dom. mpcxxvi. This family hath deserved to be recorded amongst the Kings Royall party, for both the Father and Son faithfully adhered unto that pious King Charles the First, and stood with an invinciable constancy against that compacte rebellious crewe of the Parliamentarians then in Armes against their known Sovereign, whose principles they abhorred; But stood as an Oak unmoveable and participated with the rest of * Harl. MSS. 2043, f. 145. 138 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. true hearted Protestants, whose Sequestration cost Five hundred seventy eight pounds eight shillings and Twopence.” * “By the Commissioners for Compoundinge etc 27 May 1652. Forasmuch as it appears by the perticular of the estate of Sir John Harpur of Swarkeston in-the County of Derby Knight upon which he compounded the 6 of January 1645 that the said Sir John did allowe unto the Curate of Ticknall out of the Rectory there the yearly Sum of Twenty five poundes And whereas y° late Committee for Compounding did (by way of augmentation of maintenance to the Minister there) purchase of the sayd Sir John Harpur (amongst other things) forty pounds per Annum and made abatement in his fine for y° same according to rule; which forty pounds per Annum is accordingly settled upon Trustees for the use of the Minister there And forasmuch as complaint is made to us that the Minister there doth only receave after the rate of forty pounds per Annum from the sayd Sir John, but hath not receaved any part of the sayd Twenty five pounds so formerly payd to the Curate there These are therefore to order & require the sayd Sir John Harpur to pay unto the Minister of Ticknall for the tyme being the sayd augmentation of forty poundes per Annum (over & besides the sayd five & twenty pounds per Annum) together with all and every the Arrears thereof from the tyme of his Composition And if the said Sir John Harpur shall refuse or neglect to pay the same & the Arrears thereof That then the Commissioners for Sequestrations in the sayd County of Derby be and are hereby authorized and required to levy the same out of the Lands and estate of the said Sir John Harpur And hereof they are not to faile. Sam: MovER Epw: WINSLOW Ric: Moore WiLttm: Mo tins” * Harl. MSS. 2043, f. 145. PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 139 ‘“« By the Commissioners for Compounding 26 November 1652. G. 527 Ex. ; Whereas by our order of the 27th of May 1652 upon y® grounds and reasons in the same expressed, we did order and require Sir John Harpur of Swarkeston in the County of Derby K™ to pay unto the Minister of Ticknell for the tyme being the yearly Sum of Forty pounds, (which was purchased of him (¢n¢er alia) by the late Committee for Compounding) over & besides the yearly Sum of Twenty five pounds formerly payd by the said Sir John Harpur out of the Rectory of Ticknell to the Curate there, together with | all and every the Arrears of the said Twenty five pounds per Annum from the tyme of his Composition being the 6th day of January One thousand Six hundred forty five And whereas upon a misinformation represented to us on the behalfe of the said Sir John Harpur, whereby it was pretended that the said five and twenty pounds per Annum was included in the forty pounds per Annum settled upon the Minister of Ticknell & that the said Sir John ought not to pay any further Sum then the said forty pounds per Annum, wee did thereupon order the fifteenth of June 1652 that our said order of the 27th of May made in behalfe of the said Minister should be made voyd. Now upon further view of the particular of the estate of the sayd Sir John upon which he Compounded and consideration had of the papers of the day upon which the fine imposed on the said Sir John was sett, written by the then chaireman of the said late Committee and other bookes & records remayning with our Register, whereby it evidently appears that there was cleerly purchased of the said Sir John by way of augmentation to the sayd Ministers mainte- nance the yearly Sum of forty pounds out of the said Rectory over and besides the sayd twenty five pounds formerly payd to the Curate there It is therefore ordered that our said Order of the fifteenth of June 1652 made in y° behalfe of the sayd Sir John Harpur be and is hereby made null and voyd. And the said Sir John Harpur is hereby ordered & required to pay Unto the sayd Minister of Ticknell for the tyme being the said augmentation of forty pounds per Annum (over and besides the said Twenty five 140 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. pounds per Annum so formerly payd to the Curate there as aforesaid) together with all & every the Arrears thereof from the tyme of his Composition And if the sayd Sir John Harpur shall refuse or neglect to pay the same and y® Arrears thereof, that then the Commissioners for Sequestrations in the said County of Derby be and are hereby authorized & required to leavy the same out of the lands & estate of the said Sir John Harpur any former order from us to the contrary notwithstanding. WILLM. MOLINs - Sam. Mover AR. SQUIBB Ric. Moore” ‘* December 31, 1652 I saw this order signed by some of the comissioners and received it of there Clarkes as there order, this certified upon the oath of LuKE CRANWELL ”’ ‘January the 5‘ 1652. John Butler of Derby yeoman made oath that he was the 4" of this instant January at Swarkestone Hall the place where Sir John Harpur in the order mentioned Usually resides & did there house with Walter Lees the said Sir Johns serv! a true coppy of the order of the commissioners for compounding mentioned on the other side JoHN BUTLER.” “To the Honor the Commissioners for Compoundinge with delinquents. The humble petition of W® Harpur of Darby in the County of Darby Gent. Sheweth That your Honours by your Order of the 28" of Sept. last past did order the Commissioners of the County of Leicester to examine such witnesses as your Petitioner should produce in reference to his Title to certaine Lands called Kinton Wast in the said County of Leicester How soe it is that some materiall oa PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING, I4I witnesses being then absent soe that your Petitioner could not have them there to be examined Your Petitioner humbly prayes your Honours Order to the Commissioners of the County of Darby for Examineing such further proofes as your Petitioner shall produce in Order to his Title 14 Dec. 1652 And hee shall pray WILLIAM HARPUR A true copy Jo. LeEcu.” “ By the Commissioners for Compounding 6 January: 1652 Upon reading the petition of Sir John Harpur touching the Business between him & the Minister of Ticknall in the County of Derby—It is ordered that both partyes bee heard together after one & Twenty days notice. Sa. Mover Epw. WINSLow Ser by t.: ; RicH. Moore Ext W" Mo.ins Sir Jo: Harpur 62 ee Se Jo: L&ecu.” ‘By the Commissioners for Compoundinge etc I5 Janry. 1652. Upon reading our order of the 27 of May 1652 in the case of Sir John Harpur Knight whereby upon misinforma- tion given to us wee Ordered that the said Sir John Harpur should pay the sume of twenty five pounds per annum to the Curate of Ticknall over and above the forty pounds per annum payable to the Minister there being purchased of him by the late Committee for Compoundinge upon _ his Composition with them Now upon hearing the said Sir John Harpur in the premisses and perusall of his papers of 142 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING, Composition it appearing to us that the said forty pounds per annum already setled by the said Sir John Harpur is onely payable to the Minister of Ticknall and that the aforesaid twenty five pounds per annum is included within the same. It is therefore ordered that our said Order of the 27" of May 1652 be and is hereby made void. AR: SQUIBB Sam: Moyer Epw: WINSLOW Ric: Moore. Ibatit S (ES 7use ex Jo: LeEecx.” ‘“By the Commissioners for Compoundinge etc 14 December 1652 Upon reading the petition of W™ Harpur of Derby in the County of Derby Gent (a copy whereof is hereunto annexed and attested by our Register)—It is ordered That it be referred to the Commissioners for Sequestrations in the County of Derby to prove the said petition and examine the matter & contents thereof with such witnesses on oath upon Inter- rogatories in writeing as shall be produced touching the same and that they crosse examine all such witnesses upon such Questions and Interrogatories as they shall judge materiall in the behalfe of the Comonwealth as may best discover the truth and that they examine all such witnesses for the Comonwealth as they shall finde materiall to the business in Question, and certifie such proofes examinations crosse examinations & Interrogatories upon which the witnesses are examined or crosse examined with true coppies of each particular order or other entrie which they shall finde in the bookes & records of the late Committee or theire owne touching the business in Question attested under their hands to be true coppies with all proceedings affixed to their said Certificate and what They particularly know touching the seisure or sequestration & the tyme when first seised or sequestered with all other things materiall in the case And PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING, 143 whether they have all the bookes and records of the former Committee with an account of their receipt of this order to us sealed upp within a month after notice hereof. Ja. RussEiy Ric. Moore Wittm Mo.tns Epw. WINsLow.” eer. SS. January 8" 1652 John Reeve of Osmastone in the said Countye Husband- man made oath before us Robert Mellor & Gervase Bennett Commissioners for Sequestration in the said County that he knows certayne lands lying in the county of Leicester called by the name of Kinton wast which William Harpur of Derby gent & as the deponant hath heard but of whom he knowes not lately purchased- And _ this deponant was at one tyme present when one Mr Thimbleby did receive of the said Mr Harpur a great sume of money but how much this deponant remembereth not but at the same tyme he heard the said Mr Thimbleby to acknowledge that the sume he received was in full satisfaction of the said purchase of Kinton wast And the said Mr Thimbleby upon the payment of the said money did cancell a bond & sold it unto the said Mr Harpur JoHN X REEVE 5. his marke. RosBertT MELLor. Gent: According to your order of the 14 of Dec: last in the case of William Harpur of Derby gent: we have herewith sent this information of Jo: Reeve taken before us by vertue of the said order which is all materiall in the premisses that hath come to our knoledge the land lying in the county of Leicester. January ro 1652.” COKE, OF MELBOURNE. Thomas Coke, of Melbourne and Tottenham High Cross, was second son of Sir John Coke, one of the principal secretaries to 144 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. King Charles I.* He was a man of considerable political ability and decision of character, and strenuously supported the King’s side. He was one of the members for the borough of Leicester ; and after having got into trouble several times for rash speech, he was expelled the House on September 3oth, 1645, for “ being in the King’s quarters and adhering to that party.’’ In 1650, he was apprehended and brought before the Council on a charge of high treason against the Commonwealth, but escaped from custody. An Act was then passed declaring Thomas Coke a traitor unless he surrendered to the Serjeant-at-arms to take his trial within four days from March zoth, 1650, and five hundred pounds was offered to those who should deliver him up. The compounding Order of 1655, whereby all who had been active royalists were to pay the tenth part of their estates, was a severe fine on Thomas Coke, of Melbourne, who paid then to the State the sum of two thousand two hundred pounds. He was evidently one of the richest men in Derbyshire, for out of the forty leading men of the shire who submitted to this exaction, there were only two whose tenth came toa larger sum. He died at Tottenham High Cross on August 23rd, 1656, and was buried at Melbourne.f “ Whereas the Estate reall & personall of Thomas Coke of Melburne in the said County of Derby Esq’ is seized & sequestered to & for the Use and benefitt of the Comonwealth & whereas the said Thomas Coke was heretofore seized of the Mannor of Ashbarne in the said County of Derby with the toles of the Fayres & ordinary Markett days & divers small rents for incroachments upon the wast part of which is now in tenure of Mrs. Greenwood or her assignes & an other part in the possession of the said Thomas Coke or his assignes. Now these presents wittness that we Robert Mellor & Gervase Bennett substituted & * See the Account of the Coke Papers, edited by our member, Mr. Dashwood Fane, in the 11th Vol. of the Journal of the Derbyshire Archzo- logical and Natural History Society. + ** Coke of Trusley,’’ a privately printed family history. PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 145 appointed Commissioners for Sequestration in the said County have demised granted Leased Lett & to farme lett & by these presents doe demise grant lett & to farme lett Unto Thomas Sleigh of Derby in the said county of Derby gent & R. Greenwood of Ticknall in the said county gent all & every the said Manner with the appurtenances & all the toles & the profits not already in lease to Mrs. Susanna Greenwood with the appurtenances thereunto belonging To have & to hold the said Mannor & toles unto them the said Tho: Sleigh & R. Greenwood & their Assignes for & dureing & Untill the full end & terme of one whole yeare from the five & twentyeth day of. March now last past to be fully compleate & ended yeilding & paying therefore to us to & for the use of the state the Rent or sume of twenty pounds of Currant English money in & upon the 29th Sept: & 25th March now next following now next ensuing by even & equall portions & also paying & discharging all & all manner of Taxes due & payable forth of the premises & likewise well & sufficiently upholding repaireing & maintaining all houses & outhouses upon the premises jn good and sufficient repaire & makeing noe wast of any part of the premises. And it is further agreed & the said Thomas Sleigh & Robert Greenwood for themselfes & theire Assignes doth Covenant grant & agree to & with the said Robert Mellor & Gervase Bennett that for every aker of Ground which he the said Tho: Sleigh & Robert Greenwood shall plow up more then that is allready imployed in Tillage without license from the Commis- sioners or some two of them shall forfeite to the Use of the Comonwealth to be levyed by distress & sale the sume of five pounds And lastly it is Covenanted & agreed Upon by & betweene the said parties Unto these presents that in Case the said Rents be behind & Unpaid after any of the said termes in which it ought to be paid that then it shall & may be lawfull to & for the said Commissioners into the premises to enter & distraine & the distress there found to take leave drive away & sell Wittness our Hands & seales att Derby (Seal) THoMAS SLEIGH. _ Sealed & delivered in the presence of W™ Flint.” II 146 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. “Whereas the Estate reall & personall of Thomas Cooke of Melburne in the said County of Derby Esq" is seized & sequestred to & for the use & benefitt of the Comonwealth & whereas the said Thomas Cooke was heretofore seized of divers Messuages Landes & Tenements situate lying & being in Melburne in the said County of Derby now these presents wittness that we Robert Mellor and Gervase Bennett substituted & appointed Commissioners for Sequestrations in the said County Have demised granted Leased sett & to farme lett & by these presents doe demise grant sett & to farme lett Unto George Allestrey of Derby gent all & every those Closes or parcells of Ground inclosed called by the name of Willson end the Lodge Close the Meadowe Close the Corne Close way in Holford, Stattfeild Harthill the long Pitts & the Milne Close with the Appurtenances thereunto belonging To have & to hold the said Closes Hay & parcell of ground aforesaid to him the said George Allestrey & his assignes for & dureing & untill the full end & terme of one whole yeare from the five and twentyeth day of March now last past to be fully compleate & ended yeilding & paying therefore to us to & for the use of the State the Rent or sume of One Hundred Twenty & Eight poundes of Currant English money in & upon the Feast day of S‘ Michaell the Archangell the Annuntiation of the Virgin Marie now next ensuing by even and equall portions & also paying & discharging all & all Manner of Taxes due & payable forth of the premises & likewise well & sufficiently upholding repaireing & Maintaining all houses & outhouses upon the premises in good & sufficient repaire & makeinge noe wast of any part of the premises. And it is further agreed & the said George Allestrey for himselfe & his Assignes doth Covenant grant & agree to & with the said Robert Mellor & Gervase Bennett that for every Aker of ground which he the said George Allestrey shall plow Up more then that is allready imployed in Tillage without license from the said Commissioners or some two of them shall forfeite to the Use of the Commonwealth to be levyed by distress & sale the sume of five pounds And lastly it is Covenanted & agreed Upon by & PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 147 betweene the said parties Unto the presents that in Case the said Rents be behind & Unpaid after any of the said Termes in which it ought to be paid that then it shall & may be lawfull to & for the said Commissioners into the premises to enter & distraine & the distress there found to take leave drive away & sell Wittness our Hands & Seales att Derby May the first 1651 (Seal) ROBERT MELLOR (Seal) Ger. BENNETT Sealed & delivered in the presence of William Flint.” E Gent: < There is a Fee Farme rent to the State issuing out of the Mannor of Melburne of 59s per annum, 5s 5d of which is payable out of the lands there now under sequestration for the delinquency of Tho: Coke Esqr the annual some of 2.11.0 which we haveing no power to pay at the instance of the purchaser are bold to certefie unto you & remayne Gent: Your humble servant Derby June 26 1652.” [Endorsed] ‘A Certificate of a Fee Farm Rent issueinge out of Melburne.” EVERY OF EGGINTON. On the death of Sir Henry Leigh, in the reign of James I., his estate at Egginton passed to his daughter and co-heiress Anne, who was married to Simon Every, of Chard, Somerset. Simon Every was created a baronet in 1641. His son, Sir Henry Every, succeeded in compounding for the sequestration of his Derbyshire estate, in 1655, for the sum of £110, representing a tenth of the whole value of the property. ‘** To the Honorable the Commissioners for Compoundinge etc. The humble Petition of Sir Henry Every of Egginton in the County of Derby Barronet. 148 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. Sheweth That by deed of Entaile dated 3" March 1640 S‘ Simon Every the Petitioners late Father, granted to the Petitioner and the heires males of his body ete the Mannors of Egginton with the Tithes and other appurtenances the Mannor of Newton Soulney with the free fishinge in the river of Trent etc the same beinge sequestered as the Estate of your Petitioners father. Hee humbly prayeth that his Title may be allowed and the said Estate discharged from Sequestration 22 June 1652 Hen. EVERY A true copy Jo: Lzerecn” ‘* Haberdashers Hall Wednsday 23 June 1652 London By the Commissioners for Advance of Money etc. Upon the Petition of Colonell Nicholas Devoreux shewing that he exhibited an Information that Sir Symon Every was in his life time adjudged a Delinquent by the Committee for the County of Derby and that then the said Sir Symon made his appeale to the Lords and Comons for Sequestrations and afterwards his sonne Sir Henry Every made his appeale to the Barons of the Exchequer who ordered in February last that proceedings be had upon the Sequestration laid upon the said Sir Symon Everys Estate in his life time And the petitioner praying our orders into the severall Counties of Derby Buckingham and Essex that his Estate may be sequestered and that Sir Henry may be responsible for the arrears of rent according to the Bond given in by him to the Commissioners of Derby And upon hearing of M*™ Turner who alledges that the said Sir Henry hath petitioned to compound It is nevertheless Resolved & ordered that the Sequestration upon the said Sir Symon Everys Estate be continued And that the Commissioners for Sequestrations in y* Countyes of Derby Bucks and Essex do receive the rents and profitts of his Estate for the use of the Commonwealth accordingly Jo: RUSSELL Wiiim. Motins Ric: Moore Epw: WINSLow ” —_—— — PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 149 **30 July, 1652 Gent : S' Henry Every In observance to the order of the vi of June last in the case of Sir Henry Every of Egington in this county Barronet upon his petition herewith Exhibited, we have herewith sent the depositions of such witnesses as have beene produced before us for the proofe of the petitioners title to the lands in the said petition mentioned & do further certifie that the said lands are sequestered for the delinquencies of Sir Symon Every father to the said Sir Henry upon a charge Exhibited to the former Comittee which is all materiall in the premisses knowne etc Sent Derby July 30" 1652 Your humble servants.” ‘“‘ By the Commissioners for Compoundinge etc 22 Jan™ 1652. Upon reading the petition of Sir Henry Every of Egginton in the County of Derby Bar‘ (a coppy whereof is hereunto annexed and attested by our Register) It is ordered that it be referred to the Commissioners for Sequestrations in the County of Derby to peruse and examine the matter of the said petition with such witnesses on oath as shalbe produced for proofe of the petitioner’s Title to the Mannor of Egginton & Newton & other premises therein mentioned and the sealing deliverie & Execution of the Deed by which the petitioners Claymes and certifie the true state of the Case & such proofes and examinations as shalbe taken therein with the ground & cause of the Sequestration upon the said premises & when they were first sequestered and what els they know or shall upon enquiry finde materiall in the case to us sealed up with all convenient speed And it is referred to M™ Reading to state & report the whole case to us Ja: RussELL Sam: Moyer Ric: Moore Epw: WINsLow ” 150 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. “é Ss‘ I doe finde by yo™ accompt sent to y° Com. (with yo" Letter to M« Auditor Sherwyn dated 29" August 1654) that you doe acknowledge to have received of the 1880/7 o4s 083d remayning +n arreare due from severall Tennants upon your former accompt and y® 15s 8d more as an arreare mentioned in this last accompt y® sum of 1705/7 155 11d, which with y* 175/7 04s osd mentioned to be still in arreare or discharged makes up y* former charge of 1880. 04. 08 and 155 8d. Soe that it appeares by y° said last accompt that y° 91/7 155 o4/ remayning in arreare upon y® former accompt of S‘ Symon Everyes estate is received, but because you have not mentioned it in particular in your last accompt Mr. Sherwyn conceives it is not a sufficient for him to certifie to y® Treasureres y* y° same is received —Wherefore I make it you in y® behalf of a friend to send a Certificate to M: Auditor Sherwyn That you have received y® said sum of gilt 155 4a due as aforesaid out of y° estate of St Symon Every & which was remayninge in arreare upon y° former accompt being parte of r7o5di 155 11d made received in your last accompt which also is payd into y*° Treasurie at Goldsmithes Hall. When you send y* Certificate pray direct it to me at M« Sherwyns offices wherein you shall much engadge mee to studdy to serve you. Soe rest September 17 1654 Yo" Servant THo : BRowNE, one of y° auditors accomptants fi [Endorsed ] ‘ 4.2 a qt OF SOG. °S Litchurch the ast Maral ae: to he 29"" of Sept: 1651, inclusive ao Gayiwe sg 212 This land sold & discharged before ee a oT ae a sty a a's fis EGO7 5" 4. 2” PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 168 “+ pplayoavyy jo AouuvW ayy | | 2 T1625 adiey9 sivak aypey Aq Bel RL tET a Ne Eee aie @MOISUIMPT |g ** — payshof oyzeg ay} yw uojsdiy9 |r eRe 3 es Site ws af an dosieq |9 Hose ee ne ae ee guoypy nog |g uo}IaqIvD puv adxoyjeuyry, uowON |o yuayy JUasaIg oy} asuvI4 adioypra]yy jo “7 ++ suasavaM oy} asuvID UOJULUION 0 spuvy souizey *\du_ ULSI ASOT ASIOF] 9Y} YOIYA JO STII] UMOTD |O spuvy souizeypy ourvjdeg ut aduvig, oyormpieyy |b SE JG auaaq aAvY Se Wey} JO UAT Salva ayey ay} nq aavak sty} puey s,proy Aw UI WAY} JO SOUL dq} Y}10}G 9Y} pUL Sox9IM -SO[S 9Y} esuvicy asnoyjeg Aeqqy 2x99qTI MA ‘AMIHSWVHONILLON or’ br St Olen > can *Lo* bSo | ) pprayzexpeg “zy “br S61 keq Ape "9 ‘Eo SVULABYOITY *g °* v6! "oO *g61 “Oo “9S0 “0 “Rta ‘oO ‘oro aseq IW “E 1080 ais 11S o- of ric fe) "Pp1*zo . “. c Cay 4 *gLo oe oa GO. SO. “Zo o- oe orc € *Lzo oe oa v «f *$S oe ee Zz ‘11+ L60 o- ae . 7 * 9 . 9 . $e ¢ . ¢ . LZ1o oe oa o* . oe ¢ . v . L60 . < : ey IS Mee o *o *660 ; a 10 : & 0 ‘0 ‘gzo|™ i ; o *o ‘610 aa s oe ; Oa OM Ono 7 tuk fe a se g ‘1 “gio 20 a iS (efo) ss Deg) Vase, ‘pS ¥ "Das i ‘Dp ‘Ss x ‘ps F ‘p's F "Des Fa *pamoa "1991 auaaq yyey| aod 2A Aye *UOISIOADYT 4 ; ’ jeuo O99 es Ae ee sty prory Aw sh siva1ly Ot priory Avr &q aap lla! Yor M syusw hq peaord BE SBEY plnoy spur'y PY Se aa -2aoiduiy | -Wy spuv’y “Joyearoy ayqeeaosduur st paataouoo SI ey 3% 1991 arvak ay} 10j poaosdut ore spuv’T pres ay) yeyM sokvp JU pres ay} ye Iwaqw Ur ST JeYA UOISI9ADA AO} JVYM JIT OJ p[Nos ausaq yey Spur, YM YM JOYIaSOT, “OOO svULUT}ILTY ~» svUjELYyoIP, J ALVLISA SIH ATLSVOMAN JO ASSTNOUVI GUYOT AJM AO LOVULSIY NV ‘sasivyy 119y} 2% sytdeg [[vteaes ay} Jo sourvU ayy, 169 FOR COMPOUNDING. PROCEEDINGS °o ° fe) an is] or ‘10° €Sb Leet 7A Lo), {Ki Oo *O ‘OO! 9 ‘gi ‘Loz Oo) ip) Seer © *O ‘ogo a CE 63 PTY") “+ ++ gavak sty} 10; adroy poor bi ; ‘= * QUMOTD 2 JOAOSTNOG 5 SJOYIL AY SajaoyD oy} YIM pyleysajsoyH ‘SANV] ANIHSAATUVG fa{dord “aI 0} p[nos ]Jamuay1a[D 3v asnoy sy L I o1 *g1 * Logz eS a AD ° ° 1) ie) is] ° ° fe) ao poeMatA JON paMmatA JON fe) [e) Oat sebLe OI ‘£1 *zoz Be. ee DF iD) “np fT SO) weno g 9) “20 be “oz2 g °S1°S90 Oo *O °O2Z II "OI 690 o ‘o1* Soo Oo *90‘zfoO o ‘or*Sr1o Ons ene _preysueyy Sea AW Aq paaoadwy uie}o5, Kajdor5 TIN 0} UOISIAART W ary AOJY pynos ysnosqarypy : ae AeA 0} pjnos sem adioyjqryy Ae ee “* UOISIDADY roy AOI ‘IX ©} Pplnos asuvig wejulpy Wee ES ee ss hasan puL ar] JOJ 1A[ING “AW OF P[hos YOMsayMEH ‘st “OxaeIO! aA 0} p[nos adioyjneg pue uojmen weysuig b * £1 *b90 AaTLY AA, “AP 01 191 JO 4d years v pynos uossooreD 2 Ajauo aivak sty} adeuosivg oy} YIM uoWNyET : * ++ AQTUIOYT, “AJL 0} plnos asurzsay UOSWUIT[IA\ SLYWOYT, ITS 0} phos weyuNnG * 9189S) SILO} Dinos wIvysuljjON Url asnoy uy * + * 9100] UOJSuIqug pur yWOMsSa]y “ pueyysrey “AJ 0} ppnos spay poomye.7 BS ae 7a UOJMONT “ULAA “ITA OF plnos winuue iad -,oz ayormprvyy pure AqoxALyy Qe TL ELS * agsnoypoom Aasuy puv asnoypoo, Aqax1ryy ——_ x“ 0 *O ‘ogo {8 Jet mE foy es O° Le he Ll SOV b *9 “99S Oo oO" Seo i€ *z1 ‘boo oO. "9. “ory b cair'if€1 0 ‘oO ‘oby OI‘r ‘6£1 OnsOr “TTO 0 *zI* 90 o *‘o0‘1£o g ‘SI ber jp °£ “ovr ~~ eee key Apey ) Ysewpseyory io ce evo peaypoory “Pa axIe1D “x 9. et, 1goEz Aep Apey Y Svwmypavyoryy uOSIIIV FT “IT ep Apey x SvUI[aeY OTN oe TORL pur -1aquINnD “IJ 0 ‘oO ‘IIO O ‘OI *999 Aep VT Bf QIN yyaom “UNIOH “IN 3 Z an of _ Qa a oe a ee ole =) o A ve oe a 5 a . 12) oe te [4 ee oe S es Oo ‘00°61 aa . oe o Qa cl ct Oo ] — ee ce ‘p "Ss im *p "Ss vp *pomMoa “1991 aueaq yey] s1vok 2h sv IO} SIQUOIS spur yons | -sruu0d jo aq Avwi |sty proy Au yorymsjuew| UOT jo sivary * 602 * g0z 0 *O ‘ogo “11 PSP “OL * 900 *€1 *g10 *9So * 960 | *of0 “L z te) v ¥ °*3 ) fey ire! ‘91 ‘ovo "f, * 9L0 "O) LELO | fo) 8 fe) fos Ws Ebr Aep : vy PUBS YOUN, g (ce °S6P zon sSEor 2 LA JOUIUINS PI, WeIINO “AL oe on Oo ‘zi‘bor |": oe o oe .. .- UH Aerpury, us a b +1 ‘€or |** ** '* — pynosun aSuroureuras younyoyr’ | os 0 ‘0 ‘og 0 ‘0 ‘oto|:: <* on vs o° weysurjj0N jo uonviodi0g ay} 0} pynos axIeg prlaysueyl Se “ie ae 4S ‘OO JOR arvarAV st arTaYy} YOIYM |e JO sie oH Roy ‘gte |S\— 2° ‘939 sadvy}j09 adioyjynD seyey wax as9aT ay} yA} oy} WIM ‘Jo aMorrIEg 3? O "Or o0) ho 5 “eo * + s gypor[ng “AJ, 0} prnos uojsunq of oe 8 °9 ‘£10 IPH “_ 0} worssaaar ay} Pinos woIsy PID oe bg 9S e >? “920 we "+ STINT XIN UoyAL[D “I 0} plnos sem Aajaxsorg, 3 uoysuNcy de Od R6rsOuae Ovone: SOUT “TI 0} APTOOYS * saurvg Aaiqnis ay fo} 0) OAS rifo) ‘+ proqmoa ny ng 020208) (9) “nro ‘Olas Y "SI Co) UOISIDADA 2 JI] 1OJ pynos Aap Mog ue — 6 “g “1z0 ss proynyy 2 uojdurergy oe 0 ‘61 ‘zto oe o oe ve oo ‘+ qyeyaso5 ae An ° or *9£0 on ae es de os “er jayeury | ile efOL ie psi irk Oke Fob ot uoyepuy a or dr-€br1 | 11*gt‘1Zo 4 "IN eH “TIN SOUT “AI UOUNgG ‘IJ O} P[NoOs pylayuorq, 2 aesnoypoo amoyreg *p 1S 7 ‘p "S F *p Ss ye “IOYeoIIY 9[qvaaorduat St paataouod sr yey 2 wiinerane 1QQI ax1vak dy} 10} paaosduut o1v spur pres oy} *£[auo0 ne a ‘0991 yeym sokep JUoY pres oy} Je AvarIe Ur ST LYM UOISI9ADYT mS a ne SUULUTJAVI, 2 | UOTSIDASI AO JLYA JJV'T AJ pynos suseq yey Joy way fq ‘Pies ie svuavyoryyy | spurl yam YIM JoyjoSOT, ‘OQgI svULUT}ILPY prnoy spue'y ae aa jv onp sjuey | 2» sevwUpaeyoI Jv ALVISH SIH ATISVOMAN 4O ASSANOUVIA GAOT AJL AO LOVULSTVY NV “sadivyD IY} Ww syrphvg [[viaaes oy} JO saueU OY, 171 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. ° ooo0o0o°0 *playsuz yy proy Aut Aq pynos qe g+ Z* ob xzayj}0303 212M YOIYM YWOMYAIVIA 2 uojsjdeyy uojsuissry |g *ZL * ove SVU} ILI, preley 4 }Xou 0} pilaysuvyy pzory Aw Aq poaordury a a! jnq “z+ br * 165 sem jyuey plo ey} Aajsueyq le «br + 16S JOWOSPIP “Weep S:puouryoiry Jo assayoynqApey Aut Aq ouioo amysXqieq ut spury Olen rang) JOL Oc? |f- 71 LEZ icener tog sor 6 eer en o. o. o bE +1090]. © 2s oe ae "+ ayidy pemperg |g *9 * zoo ; oy Oe Wa Go) 4 se G21 “TOON Se 2 Sissnonyiqo womemsua 1 ecco og oO "or*I0 a OF “Orp1oor |i = m+ es) | SURAT, MOppeET |Gn a Om coo oe ae . .: Oa." goo == oe = a ‘+ ay], uojarpryy jo *o *z10 . 0 *o ‘Lo ee. oe fe) ‘or * Loo ee Ae) 7 ee ee es ay, yor jo ‘Oo “S10 Sto) Peso} se Na O “Sir 003/25" hs adh ome ih eeu EMSpaTON Ole oD i o ‘S1‘f£o |o ‘o1* Zoo OFS T SECO wR mS hae ser lee | ie eR Sires ee ame + WOSPI][ “49491 30} P[NOS BsNOHT aSulapry 2 Boog ap1oq jo ‘or * Zoo QW 2 wry JO. (Qt + ¥ ae 0) “te 2Zz0 hier eal ‘ *+ ‘ 4sazog axeag io “2 “So os a o. or‘or'1S1 | S$ *S1°Slo|:: = o* .. a ++ [pexaaayors ‘IJ 0} WOISIDADT 2 JIT YJoq pynos ayevo}g jo ‘or *1S1 9 ‘oI b66 Oe a ae b *61'9f0 | g *bv *SrO |"[[eI9Aas 0} UOISIAADI 2 JIT YIOG pynos [[eyoreg |h *6 *o£o sis ¥ PIs tee 19) 92 Foo oe b *b1*1£0 [uorsxoAar IOJ JYSIAA\ “AP 0} P[nos woySuo'T apy |g *g * £90 a 8 ‘41°z1 jo ‘or* 611 ne o *S1*6So z yodievpy uyof 1g 0} prnos amoyurty |O “Or * 61 “ F m0) JOEE Ge ‘$90 |" ** — aMeYsSeg weITIIAA 0} pfnos amoponzy [oO *O * Of1 us D oi “TE algno) oz ae PoiOm Suemilicms. ‘lcs © sisi css ce aud, ay} FY TEMAIeI[G |g *O * £gz Ie O *O1°gz |II *gI ‘Oz ae ESS sb ysSooN|*s) —Sk "v mis SI9yjJO 2 Wooyywayy seul 0} p[nos uorssaAer1 yj] 9Y) YM sjUEy uo}Xng |f1 “gr gz |/ -wnysewoyy, “LSAUYOY ANVAG—SANVT AYIHSAAANAC A! - =. g= emenmeeibaies . —' all ee PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. ne) ai a) *pamaa aueaeq yey se spur] yons jo aq Avut YOIyA s}uaw « -as0rduy 17 2 EE e HL “2Sge ao 20 Shx On “Om mae bo *€1 “oof O) “On ent 9 ‘*gI‘*zSo 8 *9 ‘HII 8 °8 *660z Kep Ape] SVU[SVYIIAL 0 *o' 489 UO}IET 1050p vr oS yoog “JI kep PUT 2 + YT PAOYLIS + PA keq Apey » Seulfavyoryy z:S ‘Lox age A IN “Ve 8° SPPHAL “por * s6 *7660z Peay “ATA ‘sapivyD ray} 3 syyArg [[e42Aas ay} JO someuU oy = 9 ‘gi ‘bbz 3° an LE *os6r | O0 ss sie Ot O “or aZgoni 1 ‘ jnoqe sayeay, wesuy puy oe Oy DIA us “ Or So VaREo} |S" a}NOQL SI jf JO JUaXT JY} SAOSUTT[I AA. *ANIHSAN TOONTT AC oF ; ae g °9 ‘OSI / oe jnoqe st oyIvg Woywog puy Gs Aaed. i ; if i ‘7 * noqe orv adI0,7 ae es O 0 *009 YON 3% WA, WeYSurAcyy voy AqsSurys ‘SANV] AUIHSIAOA € :6 *gzo |** ov aITYS}JaSIOWING UT s]UDXT PoAIASIY IY L, o. Oo "ZI’ LS of oe hte EO DIV DITYSII}]SOIO[L) JO SJUdX Pearosoay OUT asta] | is uowsurqeg ‘KK Jo juswsaordunt ayy sapiseg a fo} So}. EH of=) ou ses b °S1 ‘6ho1 ae uimuur ‘d sof WoT MoU aIV opvayazTYyA\ “AJA JO suey dy} Japun purprzoquinyjAON Ul spury ayy | ‘INV TYAINAHLYON “Dues F ‘pecs $ anes ¥ ‘DI cs ¥ a 8 x Tinial vu “JOYLIIOY O[qvaao.1dut St paa1souod St Jey 2» hg te 7 1991 oxeak dy} IOy paaoaduut aiv spuv'yT pres ayy erek ah ‘ *A[Qu0 apie st! *OggI yeym sokvp judy pres oy} Je AvaAIv UT SI Jey BOP STSMO}S) SHUT aL FARES) moisiaAS ep 8 HT TS | cemurey 2p | Uorsz9a01 OJ JM IIT AOJ plnos ausaq wey | “syUIOD | BWA | soy wey Aq ines se: SeUPLYOT, | purr yey YIM Joyjesoy, ‘Oggi semuNIEyy | sty pror] Aut Jo S1W2UV | oy spuerz| PLOT AM Ad | ye onp squay | 29 sewyaryory ye ALVISE SIH @TISVOMA N | Aaj padcad PIS APE ad AO ASSANOUVI AYOT AWW AO LOVULsaY Ny | -Wy spur’y 173 PROCEEDINGS FOR COMPOUNDING. 8 8 ‘sgt a ‘61° 9€z1 or" Z -S2of 6 *1 ‘g9glo L + 61° S06S ‘umuur ‘d .,oor plnos—yornyoyT pur 9jv}sa saXprey Aw sopisag gg Ae Oe hae DYLUI [IM UOISIAdI puv ajiT OJ pynos st yey szayjaS0, yYoryA, "7 ss ++ ATUO UOISIAAAI IOJ P[NOs St aT, OJ poJUNodvuN A saavaaIe Ul ST dATDY} YOIYM JO . oe on oe oe Auo aurewor (lop 9194} puv pourejep st ywyM qONpep yng S$ * 6° 6bz9 quaaq eavy plnoys juay sxvak ayyey ysv] oyy "8 * 61 * 9890 AJauo juasard 3x uoIssassod sp1x0'T Aw jo yno pourejep st aray} yey} Jo ng os SOY © Ober qronoresry 10} phos st aay} NG “pe * SOL * 7019‘ZI st wry wo jydoyx st ywym ydaoxa aye\sa sty essonbavyy paoy Aw yey} savadde yr snyy ‘ALVISY ATOHAA AHL Aa|sSury Y [eH Ag epeoyo TIE}TOIV AA. 2B UOPl2D u0yea U0}S91|] UO}9}]Ng UOpurIT DOISUIMS 2 9100] "yivap s,puou -Yory Jo sayoynq of Aq paory Aur 0} aurea ayy AA SANV'T FaYIHSAYOIAVLS @* OI *O1gzI, *9 ‘Lto | —_— Sse. ayv}sq ajoym ayy SLULUTPIVI, JOWOSpPI 174 Dale Chureh: tts Structural Pecultavitices. By JoHN WarD. SS Se Ss OLD CHuRcH louse, fy mY Fi eg ray z igi ws i) : aes) rahe int ‘nr Mis ie by rf thy” moma Fic. 1. HO has searched out the historic places of Derbyshire and failed to make the acquaintance of the curious little Parish Church of Dale? What old-world memories cluster around its venerable stones! No other spot in this county is invested with a greater glow of interest— with traditions so picturesque, so romantic. Who has not heard the story of its origin—the mid-day vision, some seven-and-a- half centuries ago, of the pious baker of Derby, wherein he was commanded to betake himself to the wilds of Depedale, and there serve God in solitude? This has been often told, notably in an early volume of this /ournal,* when also was related how the * Volo: tht: "1 5 ee DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. 175 piety of this hermit ultimately led to the foundation of the noble, but now ruined, Premonstratensian Abbey close by. But it is strange that while so much has been contributed upon this Abbey and its various remains,* the curious old fabric now used as the Parish Church has not yet found a place in our Journal; yet it is indisputably the most interesting fragment of monastic Dale. Still it has not been neglected ; it has had a worthy. exponent in the Rev. Chas. Kerry, one of our most valued members, who contributed an article, ‘‘ Depedale and the Chronicle of Thomas de Musca, Canon of Dale Abbey,” to the Re/iguary in 1880.t The perusal of this article led the present writer to personally make several examinations of the structure, and the result of these was the section of his Dale and its Abbey,t dealing with the Church : the present paper is an amplification of “iat. In several points this paper will be found to take exception to Mr. Kerry’s views at the time he wrote; but essentially it is an advance upon his article—he laid the foundation, and another has built thereupon ; but in the superstructure he has also had a consider- able hand. Its chief aim is to exhibit the peculiarities of the fabric of the Church, and in order to explain them it will be necessary to turn aside to local history and tradition, but only so far as will fulfil the purpose,—/¢ese will undoubtedly be exhaustively treated in the long-promised, but now soon-to-be- published, monograph of the Rev. Dr. Cox and Mr. St. John Hope. THe Cursory Inspection.—Approaching the Church from the village, the green little graveyard, the time-toned masonry, the high-pitched gables, contrastive roof lines and background of wooded hill-slope, make up a decidedly picturesque ensemble. Pretty, indeed, is the new Church House adjoining ; but who would not rather the former thatched and timber-framed consort, so ruthlessly swept away ten years ago, were back again? We now * By Mr. St. John Hope, in Vols. I., II., and V. 7 Reprinted in pamphlet form as The Hermitages of Depedale, now rather difficult to obtain. t Derby : Bewley and Roe; London: Elliot Stock. 176 DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. enter the south door. Fora moment the eye fails to penetrate the gloom ; but soon a medley of props and posts, beams and ceilings, odd-shaped pews and benches, is dimly descried. Nothing is straight or upright. What does it all mean! Presently the “madness ” resolves itself into “‘ method.” We find that we have entered a square area—(see Plate V.), marked off from the rest of the interior by two oak screens ; this we will regard as the nave. This part of the Church is rather dark, for, having no windows, all its light is borrowed from the aisle and chancel. Passing through the eastern screen, we enter the queerest of little chancels. The communion table—or, rather, chest—is, Puritan fashion, in front of the reading desk, which occupies the place the former usually does. The tottering panelled pulpit of 1635 is at the north end of the desk; and at the opposite, is the clerk’s seat, snugly sheltered in the corner of the chancel. On this side, in front of the latter seat, is an ample armchair of very domestic type and all a-glare with paint and varnish, and decorated with scrolls and scallops. Is it the sedile? It is popularly known as the ‘‘ Bishop’s Throne.” The Earls of Stanhope, the lords of the manor, were in former days “ lay- bishops ”’ (as the marble tablet on the opposite wall has it) of the peculiar of Dale Abbey. Immediately above this chair is the iron safe ; and a little further to the right, and just within the aisle, is the old Abbey font. What a curious collection of parochial functions would there be represented if only the bier that hangs on the west wall and the harmonium upstairs were also in the chancel! ‘The chalice is said to be one of the largest in England, being nine inches high and fifteen inches around its rim, ‘The chancel has an east window (c) of three lights, surmounted with a shallow-pointed arch ; a north square-headed window (B) of two lights ; and a small south square-headed light (p). The chancel for half its length and the whole of the nave are open to the aisle. The nave is marked off from it by what appears now as an open screen (kK, 1); but it is in reality the framework of a panelled partition with a doorway (m), the large panels having long since been sawn out. The chancel screen CD *JO 2] D0G OR ANWA-®-aLiwA, OG ne WeAWIL oa N ) SQ AUNOSYW GarHsinowsa SdnLoptse ONILEIxs iy a | NOISNdLX9 NNIGOW Ns0NVvHo ? Y wa Ynonruva Wii Y Z se i 4 WILLE AZZ ZZ Sas g ‘PAD, R NOISNatxs MIGOW ¢ om f° OISNaIX9 Nu39a0¥ |-HoupHo ¥ HospHs Sava so UVvIa DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. LT (K, L) has always been an open one as at present. The aisle has three small square-headed lights—an east (E), and two south ones (F, G). On the west wall may be traced the outline of a pointed doorway (H), which formerly communicated with the old Church House. Many years ago this house was an inn, and its bar-room served as the vestry. Whether the minister of the time was observed to be a little uncertain after retiring to don his Geneva gown, or, less concretely, there was a growing antipathy against this close association of things spiritual and spirituous, tradition is silent; but half-a-century ago the old doorway was built up as we see it now. In plan, then, the structure presents a northern half elongated eastwards to forma sacrarium, and a south aisle a little larger than the nave area, the total internal breadth being 25 feet, and length 26 feet 6 inches. We will already have noticed that there is a second story. To reach it we must go outside and mount some ugly modern steps against the south wall. The reader who is not acquainted with the eccentricities of Dale Church will wonder what this story is used for. A school? Well, yes—Sunday classes are, I believe, held there. But, as a matter of fact, part of the congregation meets there. A sort of overflow meeting? Not exactly. One has heard of a Revivalist meeting in a barn, in which, when the ground floor would accommodate no more hearers, the people mounted to the floor above and ‘heard the Gospel through its gaping joints. This, however, is not the modus operandi at Dale. The floor there does not extend over the whole area, but stops short at the chancel. So in asense the minister surveys, from his lofty pulpit in the chancel, the heavens above and the earth beneath, and earth, as is seemly, catches up the strains of the chorus above. This upper chamber runs across the Church, and its lofty roof presents a gable north and south (as may be noticed in the accompanying sketches), the minor roofs, those of the chancel and Church House (old as well as new), having their axes east and west, and dying into the former from opposite directions. The chamber has a window at each end, immediately below the gable. 13 178 DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. Its south end and southern half of the west side are of timber frame construction ; while the opposite end and the rest of the west side are of modern brickwork. The ceiling is a clumsy modern insertion. A parapet removes all danger of falling into the chancel. THE ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT.—We will now endeavour to unravel the story of the fabric from its stones and beams. To do this requires patience, for it has undergone so many repairs—mostly clumsy—that it is sometimes difficult to dis- tinguish ‘‘ patch from piece.” The oldest recognizable fragment is a piece of Norman moulding, presumably an abacus, on a respond-like projection (J) of the south wall of the chancel. Mr. Kerry, who seems to have been the first to notice it, makes its date to be about 1150. The masonry into which it is built is presumably of the same date, but whether all the chancel wall is contemporary is a little uncertain, as its many coats of whitewash obliterate the details of the inner surface. Still, when examined outside, it becomes plain enough that the whole wall, from the east end of the aisle round the chancel to the west end of the nave, is of one work and time. So unless there should happen to be a break in the masonry (which is hardly likely) where the aisle-wall abuts against the chancel, we must conclude that the shell of the chancel and nave is also Norman. Continuing our outside examination, it will be noticed that the jambs and sill of the small south window (D) and the jambs and arch of the round-headed north doorway (a), are of the same dark gritstone as the shell, and are clearly contemporary. with it. But a mere glance is sufficient to show that the light sandstone jambs and sills of the large chancel windows (B, c) are later insertions. The south window has nothing characteristic: its jambs are simply chamfered externally, and, as will be explained shortly, the original head is gone. The south doorway has a similar chamfer; and, while admitting the Norman age of both it and the window, there are details which seem to indicate that they are late in the style. DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES, 179 The aisle is plainly of a different date ; its masonry does not correspond with the preceding, and its east wall abuts against the chancel. The windows are more decisive: their wide internal splays and general appearance indicate that they are the lower portions of Early English lancets, their upper portions having been removed when the story above was added. The blocked-up west door is of the same date, which Mr. Kerry fixes as about 1250—unnecessarily late, I think: they may be as early as 1190. The next alteration seems to have been the insertion of the two large chancel windows, which doubtless replaced Norman lights. The only guides to their age—their present tracery being more recent—are the wide internal splays and base-mouldings of the engaged shafts of the east window. These are unmistakably Early or Geometric English, and their date would fairly accord with Mr. Kerry’s 1250*. That these windows have also been cut down, will be seen in a moment. At every turn the upper story has forced itself upon our notice as a later addition; and nothing is more patent than that the walls of the older structure were generally lowered and brought to a common level to render them a suitable basement. This explains the decapitation of the aisle windows. The chancel windows were similarly treated, but their heads were rebuilt lower and their tracery was replaced with new, and the new work being in dark gritstone, may readily be distinguished from that of the thirteenth century. The effects of the alteration on these windows are more marked inside the church. The engaged shafts of the east window, which Mr. Kerry believes to have supported an inner drop-arch beneath the head, were cut through below their capitals, and were continued as a moulding along the new arch ; but instead of this moulding being mitred into the shafts, it was left clumsily abutting against them. The _ tracery * Possibly they were introduced by the builders of the choir of the Abbey. 180 DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. then inserted into these windows is Perpendicular, and the mouldings of the screens, which are an integral part of the superstructure, are of the same period; these indicate that the second story was added in the fifteenth century.* The superstructure is best studied from the illustrations. On referring to the plan (Plate V.) it will be noticed that the chancel screen and the side partition are finished in a large post (K) at the angle; and in the elevation (Fig. 2, a section made immediately in front of the north side of the partition), it will be seen that this post is carried upwards to the roof, and forms its chief support on that side. Its position marks the original width of the chamber, the present extension of the second floor to the east end of the aisle being modern. This extension was probably made when the outside steps were built, and the doorway over window F was cut through—seventy or eighty years ago, I am told. It is quite independent of the main floor, its timbers resting upon a post immediately east of kK. Access to the chamber was previously made through the floor above the west end of the aisle, and the place where the opening was may still be seen ; but this was not the original mode of access. The old floor over the nave is of oak boards, covered with plaster ; that over the aisle was probably similar, but it has been much disturbed—the western portion for making the above opening, and the eastern having been re-laid with deal boards. The joists of these floors are carried by central beams that rest upon the side partition; and those over the nave, like the timbers of the partition on that side, are moulded, while in the aisle they are all plain. Both screen and partition rest upon a plinth of stone. * Mr. Kerry gives 1480 as an approximate date for thisnew work. The identity as to design, of the tracery of the chancel windows with that of the alternate windows of the Dale series in Morley Church, tends to confirm his conclusion. There is little doubt that the latter series originally came from the cloister ; and as the cloister was in course of re-building in 1480, the same masons would in all probability be employed upon the above alterations ; hence the identity of tracery design. re DALE CHURCH : ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. 181 The interior of the upper story, as shown in Fig. 2, has the clumsy modern ceiling and stepped floor removed. The timbers introduced on the north end in the conjectural restoration (Fig. 3), are copied from those of the south end; but the timbers of the north -gable still remain, and exactly correspond with those of the opposite gable. This north _ 182 DALE CHURCH : ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. gable, however, has an interesting feature of its own. On the inner surface, about midway up the valley of the roof, are the ends of two protruding tenons ; these may relate to a projecting bell-cote, as indicated in the restoration. It is a pity that the existing timbers are covered externally with modern stucco.* The great transverse roof is the most interesting feature of the second story, but it is by no means a pleasant task to struggle through the small trap-door under the bell turret and grope amongst the cobwebs and dust, to examine it. It is divided into two bays by a tie-beam (Q) with accessories, one end of which is supported by the great post, K. Its construction is simple and effective. There are neither principals nor ridge-piece, but the latter want is met by the collars (uv), which bind the pairs of opposite rafters to- gether, being pinned to a longitudinal rib (Pp). This rib runs from gable to gable, and is supported half-way by the king-post (w) of the tie-beam (Q). Lateral instability is prevented by the struts (s,s) which are, with the king-post, re-produced in each gable, and this rib being braced to these posts, the danger of longitudinal unsteadiness is met. The braces (Zz, z) of the tie-beam, which are so shaped as to form, with this beam, an obtusely-pointed arch, carry the thrust of the struts (s,s) above. All the timbers are of oak, and in good state of preservation. The eastern portion of the aisle is covered with ‘an extension (0) of the eastern slope of this transverse roof. The chancel roof is of much simpler construction, but as it is ceiled, it is impossible to make out its details. Again, there are no principals. The rafters are prolonged beyond the outer edge of the walls to form over-hanging eaves ; while from a moulded oak wall-plate on the inner edge of the north wall (that on the south has been replaced, and the space above filled in with * In Glover’s History of Derbyshire (1829) there is a small block showing the timbers of the north gable exposed. DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. 183 modern brickwork) vertical posts ascend to these rafters, and, with the collars, have a semi-octagonal disposition. The upper chamber has, with little doubt, always been open to the chancel. On each side of the large post K, are the remains of tenons of former braces, such as may still be seen elsewhere in this chamber. It is probable that the opening into the chancel was finished above by an arched arrangement of braces, similar to that below the tie-beam. But instead of the other bay being similarly open to the end of the aisle, there are indications that the space was filled in. On the opposite side of the chamber, a doorway (x) may be traced: this communicated with the corres- ponding story of the old Church House, which we will now consider. ' I am indebted to Mr. Kerry, and to Mr. Keene’s valuable series of photographs, for nearly all the following particulars of the old Church House. Stripped of its modern additions, it was oblong in plan, extending 35 feet westward of the church, and in breadth, 18 feet 6 inches, external measurements. Its walls presented two varieties of timber framing: that of the north, west, and— Mr. Kerry thinks—south walls of the western room or parlour (see plan) had its posts placed close together,* while that of the north and south walls of the kitchen, the room next the church, had them so disposed as to form broad panels. The difference between them may be readily observed in Fig. - 1. Mr. Kerry considers that the narrow panel work was co-eval with the fifteenth-century work of the church, while the rest of the framing (the large panels), including the double chimney stack, bedroom floors,t and roof, were re-constructed in 1652, the date on the old parlour mantel-beam, now rather senselessly placed outside on the west wall of the new house. There was, however, one important difference in plan between * Tam unable to introduce the disposition of posts on the west and south sides of the parlour into the plan, as no photograph shows it. The west end was mantled with ivy. + Note the posts, a, 4, c, d, in the parlour ; these supported the new floor. Mr. Kerry states that they rested on the stone plinth, which projected con- siderably beyond the inner face of the post-and-panel walls above. 184 DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. the house of 1652 and its predecessor. Where the narrow panel- work ended eastward on the north side, that is, at the end of the old parlour, ‘“‘the old vefurn of the parlour angle at the north door-way could be seen from the mortises on the wader side of the beam above the foot of the stairs,” indicating that the original north wall from this point to the Church was set back somewhat, as indicated by the dotted lines on the plan. The older walls rested upon a substantial stone plinth, that of the west end still remaining. The north bow window (second story) of the old house is now inserted in the south wall of the new house.* We now return to the Church. The fragment of Norman abacus is strongly suggestive of a former arcade, and Mr. Kerry thought this conclusive when he discovered a large abutment (N) on the west wall, hidden by the old Church House. It turns out, however, that this projecting mass of masonry—too large and broad for the dzétress of so small a building—was quite out of the line of the supposed arcade, being, instead, somewhat centrally placed at the back of the nave. I have little doubt that it was the basement of a bell-turret, probably demolished during the fifteenth-century alterations. While the abacus~indicates an arched opening of some sort, a peculiarity of the projection in which it is placed is, or, at least, seems to be, in itself fatal to the arcade theory. Instead of presenting a neatly trimmed vertical face to the ground, as we would expect the respond of an arcade to do, it begins to rudely slope forward about two feet below the abacus, as though the opening had a sill which was afterwards hacked away. For the same reason it could not have been a doorway. It was certainly not a window. ‘That the chancel south wall did extend further west, is tolerably proved by the fact that the eastern face of post K, which is in the central line of this wall, is left A/azn. If it did not extend thus far, this surface would almost certainly have received mouldings—the plainness of the surface next the aisle counting for nothing, as all the timbers * An old post-and-panel house, undoubtedly a relic of monastic times, near the ruins of the Gatehouse, should be compared with the older portions of the old Church House. It is apparently of the same date. DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. 185 on that side are left undecorated. It is probable that the aisle was always shut off from the nave and chancel in pre- Reformation days, and that the fifteenth-century oak partition merely replaced a wall. If so, this opening may have been of the nature of those frequently found in the sides of chancels where anchorholds were attached externally ; as at Rettenden (Essex), Crickhowel (South Wales), Clifton Campville (Staffordshire), Warmington (Warwick), and probably Taddington, in our own county. These hy whi Be. = ctype ying, eis. = eo Np neat, Thyra. Deals (Po fen Dale Cgureh the 16% Comber os i ts, ale, i : we SMe. ay Fic. 3. openings were usually from the second story of the anchorhold, the ground story communicating with the chancel by a door ; the aisle at Dale, however, originally had no chamber above, but it is not unlikely that it was divided into two chambers, an eastern and a western, by a transverse partition, the westward window of its south wall not agreeing with the others. We can form a tolerably correct idea of the general appearance of this building previous to the fifteenth-century alterations :— The walls of what is now the basement were higher. The chancel and nave were covered with a longitudinal gabled roof of high pitch; and there was a bell-turret at the west end. The large chancel windows were surmounted with lofty pointed arches, and were filled with geometric tracery; probably they 186 DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. were inserted by the builders of the noble Abbey choir. The aisle may have had a lean-to roof; but it would be more in accordance with the time that it also should have a lofty gabled roof. Its windows had pointed heads, and its western door opened into the outer space, for there was no house adjoining. It is easier to picture the structure after its fifteenth century modifications and additions. Fig. 3 will give a good idea of its appearance. The high pitch of the roofs indicates that they were thatched. ; DOCUMENTARY AND TRADITIONAL Notices. The beginnings of Dale Abbey form the subject-matter of a most interesting chronicle by one of its thirteenth-century canons. Fragments of the original and a fifteenth-century transcript are now bound up with the chartulary and preserved in the British Musuem. Excellent translations are to be found in Glover’s Derbyshire, and Vol. V. of this Journal. We gather from it :— (1) That the hermit, the first inhabitant of the place, cut out of the sandstone rock on the south side of the valley, ‘‘a very small dwelling, with an altar towards the south.” This accounts for the rock hermitage of Dale. Date, circa 1135. (2) A little later he received the tithe of Borrowash Mill, and finding a small spring west of his dwelling, he made near it a new hermitage—“ a cottage, and built an oratory to the honour of God and the Blessed Virgin.” These, tradition has, I believe, ever made the starting-point of the present Church, and identified the spring with the ‘“‘ Hermit’s Well,” a little east of the Church. (3) The next event was the assignment of Depedale and its appurtenances to the lady known as “ the Gome of the Dale” for life. Depedale was the ancient name of the spot, but it did not include the site of the Abbey—a point to be noted. She had a son whom “she caused to be ordained a priest, in order to perform the Divine service in her chapel of Depedale ; and such ministry he performed.” Tradition again has constantly identified the present Church with this chapel; and the ‘Norman work corresponds with the time of her coming to Dale, which could not have been later than 1156. Was her chapel the DALE CHURCH : ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES, 187 actual hermitage? or was it built upon the site of it? or, as Mr. Kerry suggests, alongside it—she seeking “to attach her new chapel to the hermit’s oratory, so as to place her sanctuary under the shadow of a building consecrated by so much devotion”? The Norman opening not being a window or doorway, clearly proves the contemporary presence of a chamber on the site of the present aisle. But as it is highly probable that the hermit was dead, does not Mr. Kerry’s seem a curious arrangement? What was this empty hermitage used for? Would it not have been as much “ in accordance with the religious spirit of the times” to have w#i/ised the hermitage as the chapel ? (4) But a little circumstance of the Chronicle throws a side light on the matter. Its author, writing a century or more after the event, could state, after narrating the donation of the tithe of Borrowash Mill, ‘and from that time even unto this day hath that tithe remained to the brothers serving God at Depedale.” The Abbey. was zot at Depedale. Who were these brothers, then? It is unlikely that a hermitage having been endowed, the endowment would be diverted to other uses, or that the oratory would be left tenantless. May not the words, “ brothers serving God at Depedale,” refer to a succession of hermits there? If not, who and what were these brethren? There are, indeed, other indications that the baker had successors. Uthlagus, the con- verted robber, was supposed to have ended his days at Depedale, in secret intercourse, serving God there. And there, also, at a later date, reposed the body of Peter Cook, of Bathley, hermit, Grant a successor to the first hermit, we can then understand why the “ Gome’s” chapel would be placed alongside his oratory, and why an opening was made between the two, in order that the solitary might receive the benefit of the chaplain’s daily ministra- tions at the altar. And, granting that this succession continued to the fifteenth century, we can also understand the panelled partition, with its door, between what we now term the aisle and the nave. (5) About forty years later, Dale Abbey was founded, and 188 DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. Depedale and its appurtenances were bestowed upon it. One of the conditions was that “a priest of the congregation should every day for ever celebrate, within the chapel of Depedale, mass ” for the donor’s, etc., souls. The remains of the altar in the chancel, hacked away in true Reformation style, indicate that masses were said there to the last. (6) We now come to the fifteenth-century metamorphosis. Whatever its object, it is clear enough that a new function was added to the structure. So far as I am aware, history is silent as to its nature; but Mr. Kerry has probably again struck the right note when he suggests that it was the Abbey Infirmary. The large upper hall would .admirably serve the purpose, as the sick and infirm would be able to both see and hear the priest at the altar ; and the new wing would furnish other necessary chambers. And equally well would an anchorite below in his own apartment, and a simple layman in the nave, see and hear; yet each would be invisible to the other spectators. It was a by no means unusual arrangement for domestic and other chapels to have their rear portion divided into two stories, each opening into a common chancel of one story. Parker, in his JAdvedieval Domestic Architecture, gives several examples, notably those of East Hundred (Berkshire), Berkeley Castle, Chibburn (Northumberland), Trecarrel House (Cornwall), Godstow Nunnery, Wigston Hospital (Leicester), and Sherbo:ne Alms- houses (Dorset): and Cutts, in his Jf¢ddle Ages, mentions similar arrangements at Chobham Preceptory, in a chapel at Tewkesbury Abbey Church, and elsewhere. These western chambers of domestic chapels, at least, ‘‘ usually had fire-places (it is just possible that the large ‘abutment’ at Dale was the basement of a chimney-stack that supplied the upper chamber with a fire-place), and it would appear that they were not exclusively devoted to sacred purposes. When the chapel was used, the upper room was the place for the lord and his family, or guests ; the lower, for the domestics, or sometimes the upper room was for ladies.” * * Parker, Vol. III. DALE CHURCH: ITS STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES. 189 (7) The alterations of later times consist, firstly, of those of Reformation date, to render the basement suitable for congrega- tional worship, as the removal of the panels of the side screen, the introduction of the stout oak benches, and the substitution of a table for the altar; secondly, the Puritan disposition of the chancel, effected, perhaps, in 1632, the date of the pulpit; and thirdly, the ‘‘ beautifyings ” of more recent times, in the shape of deal pews, ugly props, and the mutilation of the upper chamber. ConcLusion.—The thorough structural restoration of this interesting fabric cannot be much longer staved off, nor is it desirable that it should be. But it is to be hoped that the drastic measures which “‘ improved away”’ the old Church House will not be adopted. The great aim must be to restore the fabric to its Reformation condition. The roof should be re-opened—the south wall of the upper chamber re-constructed to match the north one— the bell restored to its original position, the paint removed that now hides the rich tones of old oak—the decayed timbers replaced by new—the modern pews and props that cumber the interior swept away. In order that a better view of pulpit and chancel may be obtained from the upper floor, the south bay should be open to the eastern end of the aisle, as the north bay is to the chancel, and similarly protected by a parapet. This would admit of the pulpit occupying a more orthodox position. An appro- priate means of access to this floor will be a difficulty. Had the old Church House been acquired by the parish, it might, with suitable internal modifications, have been made a valuable auxiliary to the Church. With the aisle door and the one into the upper chamber re-opened, and an intervening staircase within the house, the question would have been settled, to say nothing of a commodious vestry on the ground floor, and class- rooms above. 190 Potes connected with the Oly Church of Saint Alkurind, Derby. By F. J. RosBrnson. E ‘tit, ane cre DEAL! igi he) SS SSS eee S. Virw oF OLD ST. ALKMUND. (March 19, 1800), the Reverend Canon Abney, the late Vicar, laid a corner stone of an addition to the church which was re-opened in the year 1845. Advantage has been taken, during the carrying out of this work, to reinstate some of the ancient monuments in positions more nearly corresponding with those they occupied in the church which was removed in 1844, to make room for the present larger building. Aap HOSES & 3 cdg ee . NWIq GNAOUD She Aqddaqg GNAWMT\ “C JO HOWAH moc) AAI Prey 2M. ¢— ee nC i ep openqoy: (4 ji ar EBT ah 5 {| a iin: ‘Es al imam NWI ASTI) ‘IWUAC == “GNAWSTIV “(C do H>YAH) SS ‘| | 288 be i TNT] [E | = al eo i | t l DERBY. ELEVATION. 2 > 2 ise} 4 << va) fh. o 5 m & = Z = 2) Z = = s SOU 7H ie oe Sow nn | ee +H ial sus il Hi Sere tem io me a | ELEVATION. ORT A aq < a) i ° q 6A = Z ra o Z < = Ge THe ANCIENT (rvecn or 5S. ALKMVND, DERBY. WEST ELEVATON. PLATE Al CHvrcH oF 3. AtKmMvnD DERBY Deraiu oF THE BULLOCK TOMB. Pears TD sz al RC WODIOE se, DOE TO Sn eS NOG Can NOTES ON THE OLD CHURCH OF ST. ALKMUND. I9gt It seems desirable that some notice should be made of these changes, but, before doing so, I wish to put on record a few particulars about the old church itself. The church appears to have been built, almost entirely, during the Late Perpendicular period (early in the 16th century). It consisted of nave with side aisles, south porch and well proportioned tower, 69 feet in height ; all with embattled parapets- The buttresses in the north aisle, and also those of the porch, were finished above the parapets with crocketted pinnacles. The two central buttresses of the south aisle had been replaced by some others of larger size, and with one long, projecting slope, showing that the walls were giving way from the pressure of the roof. The tower was not detached from the building : but, like the tower of Chaddesden Church, built upon pillars and arches opening into the nave and aisles. The base of the tower seems from the mouldings of the arches, to have been built at least a century earlier than the other parts of the building. The chancel, again, bears evidence of having been repaired and altered about the time of the institution of the Rey. Henry Cantrell, as Vicar, in 1712; it had a perfectly plain parapet, and was covered by a low-pitched roof laid with lead. It was, in plan, very long and narrow, measuring 32 feet 9 inches in length, and only 12 feet 4 inches in width. The west end of the building was separated by screens from the nave and aisles, thus forming a narthex, or division from the church, in which catechumens and penitents were received. In later times, this space was used for secular purposes, as in it the town fire-engine was kept. It was also used as a public mortuary, into which the bodies of those accidentally killed were brought to await the coroner’s inquest. There were three entrances from the outside into this narthex, the principal one being at the west, through the tower. Over the west door was a large window opening, which was, however, together with one on the south face of the tower, blocked up with 192 NOTES ON THE OLD CHURCH OF ST. ALKMUND. solid stone, the tower not being sufficiently strong in the lower part to support the superstructure. The font stood just within the screen, in the west end of the nave. In the south aisle were private pews belonging to various families residing in Derby or the neighbourhood ; one belonging to Saint Helen’s House was surrounded by oak screens, and’ over it, and entered by steps from the outside through one of the windows, was a gallery owned by the Bainbrigge family. At the east end of this south aisle was the Darley quire, where the sittings belonging to the family residing at Darley Abbey were placed. Here, under the east window, stood an altar tomb, which, at the rebuilding of the church, was placed with other monuments in a dark corner at the west end of the south aisle. This tomb has now been removed to a position more nearly corresponding with its original site. The tomb is very beautifully designed and executed in alabaster, and upon it rests the effigy of a man in a long cloak with sleeves to the elbow, over a coat buttoned to the waist and secured by a girdle, and with ruffs at the neck and wrists; in the left hand is a book; the right hand, which is partly broken, rests against the face ; the face is repre- sented with moustache and pointed beard. The sculpture of the figure is faulty, especially as regards the head. At the end of the tomb are the arms of the family of Bullock of Unstone, but no inscription remains. It is, however, without doubt, the monument to the memory of John Bullock of Darley Abbey, who, according to the parish registers, was buried on the 13th of October, 1607. Another monumental stone, which has received attention during the alterations, is the large, carved stone which was dug up from the foundations when the new church was built, and which has remained since that time upon the ground near to the vestry door. This stone is now preserved in a recess in the south wall of the new transept. On it, on each side, are repre- sented an arcade of eleven arches, with twisted columns and square capitals. I believe this slab to be undoubtedly of Saxon NOTES ON THE OLD CHURCH OF ST. ALKMUND. 193 date ; it reminds one of the stone cover of a Roman sarcophagus. The ends of the slab are quite plain, as if it had been placed under an arch. It may have been the lid of a coffin or the base of a shrine, as suggested by the Rev. Dr. Cox in his “« Churches of Derbyshire ” ; but I differ from him as to the probable date of the stone, he dating it much later than I do. It is difficult at the present day to denote the exact position of the site of the old church in relation to the new one. From what I have been able to learn, I find that the former east wall extended to the boundary line of the churchyard. The east end seems to have been set back about two feet to allow room for the east end buttresses. The vault belonging to the Bainbrigge family, which is seen on the north of the chancel, still remains, and has been in use until quite recently. Taking these as fixed points, the new church appears to have extended about 20 feet both towards the south and west beyond the older one. The floor was lifted about 3 feet above the old level. The new porch is almost upon the line of the old one, but is carried out to the south, the old porch being now enclosed within the walls of the new building. Under the old porch, the family of ‘* Wright,” of Derby, had avault. The artist, to whom this name more especially applies, was not buried in the vault, but in the centre aisle of the church, as recorded on his monument. ‘This monument has again been replaced against a column in the centre aisle, and the monuments of other members of the family have been brought out of their hiding-places into view. Some monuments, belonging to the Gisborne family, have also been cleaned and refixed within the lower part of the tower, 14 194 Some further Finds in Deepdale Cabe, Burton. By Rev. J. CHarLes Cox, LL.D., F.S.A. i: =raN the last volume of the Journal, pp. 228 and 230, I a op briefly described Deepdale Cave, and the bones and relics of man’s occupation that had then been disinterred. Early in January, 1891, I received from Mr. M. Salt, of High Street, Buxton, a box of valuable relics that had been found by him in Deepdale Cave during the autumn of 1890. These I have had his kind permission to briefly describe for our Society, and to procure the illustration of the more important specimens by Mr. Bailey. It is to be understood that in the following list, the articles named were found by Mr. Salt, in October, 1890, two feet below the surface of the present ground. Where the depth of the find, or the date differ, it will be mentioned. In the description I follow the numbering of the articles adopted by Mr. Salt before the collection was submitted to me. I. A set of silver-plated bronze toilet accessories, intended to hang at the girdle of a Roman lady. It consists of three parts, all hinged so as to work separately, nail cleaner, tweezers for the hair, and ear-pick. Size—length, 3,3, in. ; breadth, {4 in. It is most exceptional to find this article in perfect condition. (Plate XII., Fig. 6.) II. Thin bronze pin for piercing the hair, with small moulded head. Length, 43 in. _—— ee SOME FURTHER FINDS IN DEEPDALE CAVE, BUXTON. 195 III. Small plain bronze hair tweezers. Length, 2 in. IV. Smooth piece of narrow bronze, bent clumsily into a finger ring. Diameter, ? in. V. Piece of curved bronze, about two inches long, ornamented with embossed fish’s head ; apparently perfect ; perhaps a small strigil or scraper, to which a handle was attached when in use. VI. This remarkable piece of bronze can be best understood by referring to Mr. Bailey’s drawing (Plate XII., Fig. 5). It is 1 in. broad by 2 in. long; but it is obviously broken off in its length. The reverse is smooth. The effective bold pattern on the obverse is of separate make, and has been applied with: six small rivets, two of which are missing. It has evidently been hinged, probably for the attachment of a buckle. The bronze is thin and flexible,- save where the ornament is attached. We conjecture that it is part of the fillet or bandeau (/eia, vitta) worn round the hair by young Roman women. Occasionally the fillet was made of pliant metal. VII. Small piece of the point and pin sheath of a broken bronze fibula. VIII. and IX. Two bronze pins with spiral springs. still attached, from small fibulee or brooches. X. Hooked piece of flat bronze, the shank pierced with small hole. Length, 14 in.; }in. across the hook. It is too big for a fresh-water fish hook, and has probably been fixed to a shelf or wall to be used in the suspension of small articles. XI. Spindle-whorl of light-coloured hard stone, 1 in. in diameter. XII. Piece of thin curved bronze, about 6 in. long; it has probably been a part of the metallic binding of the edge ofa round leathern shield or target. XIII, Part of a broken bone nail-cleaner. XIV. Small piece of ornamental bronze, 1 in. long. XV. Thin bronze ear-pick, 23 in. long, pierced for attaching to chatelaine, XVI. Large bead of blue glass. XVII. Fragment of very thin piece of bronze, pierced at one end. XVIII. Ring of thick bronze wire, with two light blue glass beads attached. Query, ear ring ? 196 SOME FURTHER FINDS IN DEEPDALE CAVE, BUXTON. [XIX. to XXVIII. inclusive were found in a layer of charcoal, three feet deep, in front of Deepdale Cave, and are perhaps all pre-historic, and not of Roman-British date. | XIX. and XX. Two twisted circlets of iron, one broken ; each about 13 in. in diameter. XXI. Polished piece of circular bone, 14 in. long, 14 in. in diameter. The bone is pierced or hollowed longitudinally, and also pierced with a hole in the centre. XXII. Broken flint arrow head. XXIII. Small flint arrow head. XXIV. Piece of iron, 2 in. long, with returned ends ; perhaps a strike-light. XXV. Much corroded heavy iron clout nail. XXVI. Part of aniron knife, has hada haft ; 4 in. long by rin. in broadest part. XXVII. Piece of flint ; perhaps a small scraper. XXVIII. A small human double tooth, worn smooth and flat. XXIX. Fibula, the metal of which is an amalgam of silver and quick-silver; now of a fine green colour. The bow is highly arched and most beautifully chased and wrought. Length, 2555 in. (Plate XII., Fig. 4.) XXX. Fibula of bronze, silvered and enamelled, with hinged pin complete. Length, 22 in. A very good specimen, finely chased at the spring of the bow. (Plate XII., Fig. 3.) XXXI. Fibula of light, plain, but elegant make, 2 in. lorg, of a bluish tinge, apparently silver enamelled on bronze. XXXII. Bronze fibula, 2 in. long, of the same style of pattern as XXIX., but thinner and less ornamented. Remains of spiral spring. XXXIII. Fibula of same metal as XXIX. and XXX., 2 in. long, with suspensory ring beyond the rise of the bow. XXXIV. A large fine fibula, of bronze, silvered and enamelled ; 34 in. long. The bow is rounded or ornamented with an effective boss in the highest part. The nose of the bow is also well treated. The back part of the bow (as to some extent in number XXIX.) is enlarged in a cup-shaped form to cover the upper part of the VOL. XIII. PLATE XII. ¥ Sayits See SSAA HSI TD FIBULA, &C., FOUND AT DEEPDALE CAVE, 1890. SOME FURTHER FINDS IN DEEPDALE CAVE, BUXTON. 197 spiral spring, of which the pin formed a continuous part. ‘The bow is beautifully prolonged at the back and ends in a ring for suspension. This is a most unusual and very good specimen. (Plate XII., Fig. 2.) XXXV. Part ofa circular iron fibula. XXXVI. Circular bronze fibula, silvered and enamelled, about 14 in. in diameter, with movable pin. This is a ring brooch of the Celtic type, which has often been found of plain bronze in Ireland. (Plate XII., Fig. 1.) XXXVII. A somewhat smaller circular brooch of the same design as the last, but lacking the pin, and of corroded iron. XXXVIII. Iron bowed fibula, 2 in. long, of a pattern like XXXII. XXXIX. A circular bronze fibula, 1,3; in. in diameter, with a raised central boss, and with six projecting cusps at equal intervals round the margin. It was found about six yards from the entrance to the cave. This is almost a fellow to the brooch that was found in the cave and exhibited last year, and of which we now give drawings, by Mr. Bailey, in three positions. I exhibited the one here drawn in London last spring, and it excited much interest among expert Romano-British antiquaries. No similar example was there known. It has evidently been carefully modelled by the jeweller after the fashion of a circular shield. The finding of the fellow brooch is of peculiar interest; it would have suggested that these two examples were worn, as an exact pair, on the shoulders of some Roman or Romanised lady to hold up the classic folds of her drapery ; but careful 198 SOME FURTHER FINDS IN DEEPDALE CAVE, BUXTON. measurement shows that the more recently discovered one is 5; in. less than the one that is engraved, so that they could not have been cast in the same mould. I am indebted to Mr. Johnson, jeweller, of Derby, for the description of the metal of the brooches and other objects on Plate XII, Mr. Johnson says that this silver enamelling, very unusual in Roman finds, is much like the Norwegian and the Japanese enamels. He also suggests that the large heavy fibula (Fig. 2) looks like the model of a Roman catapult, particularly in the spring arrangement on the under side. The same idea holds good to some extent with regard to Fig. 4. This large and varied collection of brooches and other ladies’ ornaments seems to point to the concealing of this jewellery by thieves, or the collection of discarded or damaged specimens by some cave dwellers after the Roman occupation had ceased. At all events, it is absurd to imagine that the wearers of these brooches ever lived in these limestone crevices. In addition to the numbered and mounted articles, Mr. Salt also sent me a variety of other pieces and fragments from the same cave of his own recent discovery. ; One of these is a rounded piece of stalagmite, 5 in. long, by about 32 in. in diameter. It is deeply grooved in the centre as if to form a safe attachment for a cord. If it had not been that it was hollowed at one end into a decreasing hole 11 in. deep, I should have conjectured that it might have been used as a weight for a fishing net, in the deep places of the mountain streams. But can it have been used in connection with any spinning or weaving operation ?* Another weighty find is the large fragment of a heavy hone stone, bearing obvious traces of the whetting thereon of many an instrument. * Jt is Mr. Salt’s opinion that this rounded piece of stalagmite was used as a hammer, and that in the groove was fastened the twisted end of a withy or hazel stick ; the hole in the end, he thinks, might have been used for a spike, and would thus make a very deadly weapon. We cannot say that this conjecture is wrong; but against it is the fact of the generally brittle or easily broken character of stalactite or stalagmite formations. SOME FURTHER FINDS IN DEEPDALE CAVE, BUXTON. 199 Four or five small tusks, which I suppose to be wild boar ; also the tooth of a Celtic ox, or dos longifrons. Five iron fragments; two of them large nails or bolts, and one a semi-circular handle. Also an iron buckle, probably from the harness of a horse; and two bronze nails. The well-polished, circular bone handle of some small instrument, 23 in. long. Three large fragments of a Roman mortarium or mortar, of the usual whitish paste. Two or three other pieces of pottery of different kinds, with varying effective patterns, have also come to light, as well as two most delicate little fragments that undoubtedly formed part of a choice vase from Italy, and of the style popularly known as ** Etrurian.” Two coins are also among the recent Deepdale discoveries of Mr. Salt. My friend, Mr. Bailey, thus describes them : — [IMP. C.] VICTORINVS. P. F. AVG. Reverse: A female standing, draped, looking left, in right-hand a wreath, in left a hasta or spear; V and a star. PAX. AUG. A coin of Victorinus the elder; both father and son were assassinated together in A.D. 268. The other is not so clear, and I cannot identify it. (Since the above has been in type, I have been able to ascertain from Mr. -H. C. Grueber, of the British Museum, that it is a coin of Gallienus, struck in Gaul about a.D. 260.) Head of Gallienus, to right, with a rayed crown. [GA] LLIE. III. the latter for germ III. Reverse: A female standing to right, in left-hand a cornucopia, and the right extended in front. Legend indistinct, A A and G. 200 The Evolution of Derbyshire Scenery. EDITED BY GEORGE FLETCHER, F.G.S. From Notes by Messrs. Ward and Fletcher. between rock-structure and scenery as a limestone district. This is due to the physical and chemical constitution of the rock, which determine the manner in which the disintegrating agents act upon it. The chief of these agents is water in its several forms. Rain, as soon as condensed from the watery vapour in the air, is pure. In passing through the air it dissolves therefrom a certain amount of carbonic acid gas, and in passing through soil containing decaying vegetable matter, collects a further amount. In considering the action of running water upon rocks the presence of this acid is of great importance, for while pure water can only take up about two grains per gallon of carbonate of lime, it is not uncommon for natural waters (which contain this acid) to be found to contain 25 grains per gallon after running over or through limestone rocks. The waters of Kent’s Cavern contain from 13 up to 30 grains per gallon, while two analyses of Knaresboro’ Dropping Well water give 23 and 39 grains per gallon. Dr. Thresh, in his analysis of Buxton water in 1882, found some 14 grains of calcium bicarbonate, out of a total of 27°096 grains of solid matter per gallon. . Water is capable of dissolving a definite amount of carbonic acid gas, and this enables it to take up a definite amount of carbonate of lime. If, then, water fully THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 201 saturated is spread out over a surface, as on the roofs of caves, or in drops from projections, evaporation takes place, and the carbonate of lime is deposited, hence the sstalactitic and stalagmitic deposits of limestone caves. Ina similar manner we may explain the formation of tufa, or of the “ fur’’ deposited from hard water in tea-kettles and hot-water pipes. This chemical action of water upon limestone, and all rocks in which lime forms a constituent is important, but it is obvious that its action will be modified by the physical structure of the rock itself. No matter what the solvent power of the water, it would be incapable of producing the observed effects were it not for the numerous joints and fissures which allow of the entrance of the solvent. To the fact that these are numerous, and recur with some regularity in limestone, must be ascribed the character of the scenery of many districts in Derbyshire. It is not sufficient, however, to notice this structure on a large scale, but to explain the peculiarities in the disintegration of various kinds of rock, the minute structure must be observed. The capacity of rocks for water varies very considerably owing to this difference in structure. The water absorbed is in part taken in between the constituent particles of the rock. and is retained until evaporated or driven off by heat. This is termed the ‘‘ water of saturation.” Other water passes more or less freely through the rock, and is termed the ‘‘ water of imbibition.” Experiments have been made by Prestwich, Wethered, Delesse and others, in order to determine the quantity of water of saturation held by various rocks. From these it is seen that while such rocks as slate and limestone will absorb only a very small quantity of water, sands and soft sandstones will absorb a large quantity, amounting in some cases in sands to as much as three gallons per cubic foot. Mr. Wethered, in the course of a series of observations, found that millstone-grit from Sheffield absorbed over ten times as much water as carboniferous limestone from Clifton. It is not difficult to deduce the effects of freezing upon such rocks. During a sharp frost the water contained between the particles of a sandstone 202 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. freezes. In freezing it expands, and the cohesion between the particles being overcome, they are thrust asunder, and when a thaw occurs the rock crumbles. This may be noticed in a ploughed field after a frost, or upon wet sand. Sometimes during, or shortly after a frost, long fibres of ice may be seen projecting from such a sand, some of them bearing upon their ends pebbles or fragments of earth. Hence the tendency is for a soft sandstone to crumble into sand. Limestones (excepting oolites and magnesian), however, usually absorb but little water, and so the amount of this action is exceedingly small. What happens in the case of limestone is that water contained in the cracks of the rock expands in freezing, and rends it into blocks and fragments. One effect of the solvent action of water upon the surface of limestone is to bring out their fossiliferous character. ‘The crystalline structure in the fossils causes them to resist more successfully the weathering to which the more or less impure calcareous matrix yields, and this gives rise to the beauti- ful weathered surfaces from which stand crinoids, corals, and shells inrelief. An interesting instance occurs in the carboniferous limestone of Durham and Northumberland. The face of the unaltered rock shows no signs of certain little grains which make their appearance as the rock weathers. As decomposition pro- ceeds, a disintegrated mass is formed, consisting of a small foraminifer—Saccammina Cartert. The effect of a landscape depends largely upon the nature and amount of the vegetation present, and the close connection between geology and vegetable growth is frequently overlooked. The physical and chemical character of the soil depends upon the underlying rock, from which it has mainly been derived ; thus we get sandy, clayey, or calcareous soils, and they determine to a very large extent the kind of tree or grain which shall thrive upon them. One soil frequently lacks something which another possesses, so that often at a junction between a limestone and sandstone, or clay, where the products of decomposition mix together, we get a fertile strip which indicates—too often in vain— the kind of treatment necessary to render the adjacent land —_— se T=. mS THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 203 equally productive. It is an interesting and instructive thing to take a walk across the strata which crop out on the east or west flanks of the Derbyshire anticlinal, say from Matlock to Stretton, noting the changes in the rock scenery, the vegetation, and the industries on the way; from the romantic scenery of Matlock Dale, over the millstone moors, with their scanty herbage and straggling population, right to the coal measure country over which, looking from the grit slope, we can see fertile fields and the kindling fires of the coal and iron industries, surrounded by the busy hives of workers. Much light has been thrown upon the comparative fertility of soils by chemical and physical examinations, for we must not only consider them in regard to the plant foods which they contain, but also with regard to their capacity for absorbing and retaining moisture. The subject is, however, too complex to be dealt with in a few words, it is mentioned here as bearing in an important degree on the relation between geology and scenery. . In an article on ‘* The Origin of Derbyshire Scenery,” in last year’s Journa/, I pointed out the effect of jointing and stratifica- tion planes upon scenery. It is my intention in the present article to give further local examples of this,* and to deal with underground drainage and the formation of caves. This subject was dealt with by me in a paper on “ Valleys and Caves,”’ read at the annual meeting of the Society last year ;+ but further additional facts have been observed by Mr. Ward in caves and elsewhere in the Peak, which should be placed on record. The variety met with in the scenery of Derbyshire is due to the association of strata of differing hardness and _ structure. Over lying the Mountain Limestone, the lowest of the series in = My attention has been called to the fact that this subject has been previously dealt with in the Society’s Journal, although very briefly: ‘* On the Geology of some of the River Scenery of Derbyshire.” A. T. Metcalfe, F.G.S. Vol. VIII., 1886. The diagram there given, however, of the erosive action of a stream upon rocks, is misleading, taking no account of the modi- fying effect of the divisional planes. + I should here acknowledge the remarks on the formation of caves contained in Mr. Ward’s article ‘‘ On Rains Cave, Longcliffe, Derbyshire.” — Journal of the Derbyshire Archzological and Natural History Society, 1889. 204 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY, Derbyshire, we have the Yoredale Rocks, consisting of sandstones and shales ; and above these, the Millstone Rocks. The Yoredale shales present characteristics of great importance, giving rise to peculiarities of scenery worthy of note. These shales are peculiarly friable, breaking up readily in most cases into small and somewhat lenticular fragments, and in other cases being finely laminated, breaking up in the hand into lamine scarcely thicker than paper. Such shales, although undergoing no marked chemical change under the action of water, are readily disinte- grated. We have also another fact to take into consideration. Owing to the structure of these shales, they readily undergo change of form, due to the pressure of the overlying Mill- stone rocks, giving rise, where the Millstone rocks have been cut through, forming valleys in the shale, to interesting local phenomena, of which one is mentioned hereafter. The succession of grits and shales in the Millstone series gives rise to the long lines of escarpments or “ edges” of grit, which form so marked a characteristic of Derbyshire scenery. Where fully developed, as along the east side of the Derwent Valley north of Baslow, the three grits give rise to three escarpments overlooking the river, v/z., Derwent Edge, overlooking the village of Derwent (Kinderscout Grit) ; Strines Edge, a mile behind it (Rivelin Grit) ; and a mile and a half still further behind is Sugworth Edge (Rough Grit). Nearer Hathersage are Bamford, Stanage, and White Edges, respectively of the above rocks. In section, and, of course, when looked at in the direction in which these edges run, the contour takes the form shown in Figure t. Fic. 1. A, Derwent. B, Derwent Edge. C, Strines Edge. D, Sugworth Edge. The production of these edges are of interest. Their formation THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 205 would be readily accounted for if streams ran at their bases, but this is not the case. Their origin must be referred to two causes. (1) The rapid disintegration and undercutting of the under- lying shales, and (2) the regular recurrence of joints in the grit by which it is divided into more or less rectangular blocks, having little or no cohesion. As the shale is worn away the blocks of Millstone grit slide down as shown in Figure 2. The Fic. 2. dislodged blocks, having no stream to remove them, strew the slope for a considerable distance below the edge, as may be seen along the Derwent Valley north of Baslow, and near the railway cuttings at Padley. Reverting to the denudation of limestone areas, it has been pointed out that the shape, and possibly in many cases the direction of valleys in limestone strata, depend upon the natural divisional planes, viz., the planes of jointing and stratification. In many cases these joints give rise to other phenomena than the production of valleys. Surface waters finding their way into joints and crevasses gradually enlarge them by dissolving away the rock, percolating further and further, until they at last find, perhaps, an outlet at a lower level, often at a considerable distance from the point of entrance. By-and-bye this ‘subterranean channel becomes widened by the constant trickling of the solvent water, and one of the many springs with which our limestone district abounds, is formed. Undoubtedly large areas in Derby- shire must be perfectly honeycombed in this way, large under- ground cavities being full to overflowing with the waters derived from the surface. A consideration of the phenomena of some of the better known springs would serve to make this clear. 206 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. Take the case of the springs which supply the Fountain Baths at Matlock Bath. Here many thousands of gallons pass through the baths and run into the river every day, the supply being scarcely affected by a long spell of dry weather. Sometimes the water of a river will in this way find its way to an outlet at a lower level, leaving its old channel high and dry. As the volume of water poured into the subterranean conduit increases, the work of dissolution proceeds apace, and where the water enters, a “‘ swallow hole,” sometimes deep, and with precipitous sides, is produced, and in its further journey “eats out” in the course of its wanderings huge chambers, which constitute the “ natural wonder” of afuture age. While the erosive action of the water is mainly chemical, it must not be forgotten that, especially in periods of heavy rain, it is supplemented by the mechanical action of suspended particles. It was once the writer’s good fortune (in the company of Messrs. Arnold-Bemrose and John Ward) to explore a portion of such an underground watercourse, into which, by accident, the workings of a lead mine (the Bagshawe Cavern, at Bradwell, near Castleton) had penetrated. Here and there upon the floor lay huge tabular masses of lime- stone which had been detached from the roof, and in other places the floor was thickly covered with a sandy deposit, brought down during storms by the surface waters. The action of these sandy particles, carried by a rapid torrent in a tortuous underground channel, cannot be overlooked. At the time of our visit there had been a long dry season, during part of which this portion of the underground channel had been temporarily deserted, although the rush of waters could be heard in the neighbourhood. During times of storm even large fragments of rock may be taken up in the current and used as battering-rams for the destruction of opposing obstacles, and Professor McKenny Hughes* has well described from personal observation the progress and action of a sudden and violent storm upon the cave and slopes of Ingle- borough—a somewhat similar district. Here the action of * “On Caves.” Trans. Victoria Institute, 1887. THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 207 boulders carried by the torrent was particularly noticeable, especially in widening out the swallow hole. Fig. 3 illustrates the above ; part of the water of a higher valley is diverted by a short underground passage to a valley on a lower level. Te — We have several most interesting local examples of this action, one of the best known being that of the Peak Cavern at Castleton. We must regard this magnificent cavern as having been produced by the erosive action of the water derived from the district lying to the west and south-west of Castleton. The surface water finds its way into the limestone mainly along the junction of the Yoredale Shale from Windy Knoll to at least as far as Perry Foot. The trough-shaped valley mainly constituting this area was previously drained by a stream, the bed of which may now be seen, dry and deserted, running in the direction of the Mersey, in whose watershed the area in question lies. Along the bed of the valley are a number of “swallow holes,” into which the water disappears, finding its way into the Derwent through its subterranean channel. The outlet was previously through Peak Cavern entirely, and it is to the erosive action of this water that the cavern owes its existence. At the present time, however, but little water finds its way through the mouth of the cavern except in flood-time, a lower course having been cut finding its outlet at the spring near the mouth of the cavern, known as Russet Well. A section of the cavern, roughly indicating the course of the underground water, is shewn in Figure 4. As illustrating the manner in which river gorges are sometimes 208 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. formed, it may be pointed out that the ravine which runs for some distance from the entrance of Peak Cavern is due to the Fic. 4. A, Sparrow Pit. B, Trough-shaped valley west of Castleton. C, Windy Knoll, and below, the‘ Bottomless Pit’ of the Speedwell Mine. D, Peak Cavern. E, Hope Dale. same cause, the roof of the cavern having here fallen in, and the débris in the course of time removed. It will readily be seen that with a further lowering of the general surface, a larger portion of the cavern will be opened out, forming an overground stream with precipitous banks. This further step in the evolution of Derbyshire scenery will, however, doubtless require some thousands of years for its completion, unless the present rate of erosion is greatly increased. A portion of the water which issues from the Peak Cavern is possibly derived from the limestone hills a little further south. It is very probable that the huge chasm known as Eldon Hole communicates with Peak Cavern; and there is an old story to the effect that a goose, which fell down this hole emerged at Castleton. Another good example is to be seen in the Waterfall near Foolow, of which a section, giving a view of the interior, is shewn in Fig. 5, the arrows indicating the direction of the flow. . An examination of the district shows that there is a dry valley, representing the old watercourse, extending from the great open chasm which gives rise to the waterfall, to the end of Middleton Dale. Part of this old channel is known as Linen Dale. At present the stream pours into the chasm and disappears, to find its way, together with the waters from neighbouring ‘‘ swallows,” to the valley of the Derwent by way of Middleton Dale. Various causes determine the spot at which m4 45) THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 209 the stream takes to its underground course. There are, for example, numerous “swallows” along the junction of the Yoredales with the limestone. Again, an open fissure is sufficient to Fic. 5. A, The Waterfall. B, Mineral lode and small cave. C, Old valley-route, with present underground route below. determine the commencement of the subterranean course, and, bearing in mind the relationship between fissures and mineral lodes, it would be remarkable if the latter were not closely connected with swallows. A case in point is the Waterfall. The chasm occurs at the intersection of the Cross Low and the Black Hole Veins; and there are numerous instances which point to the fact that these underground streams frequently follow the course of the lodes.* Many of the Derbyshire caverns consist in part of worked- out mines and in part of natural chambers encountered in following up the mineral vein. The huge underground chasm intersected in working the Speedwell Level near Castleton is a good example; while Mr. Ward notes that Deepdale Cave illustrates this. On the north-easterly side of this cave is a longitudinal fissure, doubtless connected with the lode which runs by here. This, together with the direction of the plane of stratification, has determined the shape of the cave. * Pippin Swallow, near the waterfall referred to, is a good example. It is produced in a lode, indeed the longer axis of the chasm is in a line with it. 15 210 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. Large roughly rectangular blocks detached from the roof occupy the floor, and thus the level of a cave is sometimes slowly raised. This is also illustrated by Rains Cave, and by the underground watercourse previously referred to as occurring in the Bagshawe Cavern. It will thus be seen, without quoting further examples, that the limestone is perforated with numerous conduits, opening now and again into large cavernous spaces, due to the solvent action of natural waters. In studying the scenery of limestone districts, the presence of these must be taken into account, for at some time or other these underground streams will be converted into overground streams. The general erosion taking place at the surface will at last convert these spaces into river gorges, brought about partly by the recession of the mouth of the cavern—as is well seen in the ravine extending from the mouth of the Peak Cavern—and partly by the collapse of the roof, when this has become too thin to keep in position. This will take place gradually, and the fallen dédvis will gradually be removed by the water. This will most probably account for the phenomena presented by some transverse valleys, as may be seen by reference to Fig. 4. An interesting example occurs in Wensley Dale, where a steep-sided ravine carries the drainage through the middle of a hill of smooth contour into Wensley Dale. The rounded contour must probably be referred to the action of ice during that period known to geologists as the Glacial Epoch. The ravine referred to abruptly interrupts the contour of this hill. Now there is nothing in the geological structure of the ground which affords any other explanation of a stream cutting its way straight through an opposing hill, than that it first made its way underground into Wensley Dale, and that at some period since the Glacial Epoch the roof collapsed. There are cases where a river suddenly passes from a broad alluvial valley into a wall-like cliff of limestone rising right in its path. We may note, for example, the case of the Derwent, which passes from the broad shale valley of Darley Dale to cut its way through the limestone which rises abruptly right across its path, on to Cromford. Here, it might be thought, is surely a case where the THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 211 river found its way in the first place rough the limestone, and that the collapse of the roof converted the underground watercourse into the Matlock Valley. There is not the slightest necessity for such an assumption. The river course was determined before the broad valley of Darley Dale had been formed, and the cutting out of the valley in the shale and in the limestone must of necessity have proceeded pari passu, for it is obvious that material worn from the former must be removed through the valley cut in the latter, and hence the rate of vertical erosion in the shale would be controlled by the rate of erosion in the limestone. At the same time, owing to the widely different physical nature of the shale and the limestone, the valley cut in the former is broad, while that in the latter has that peculiar shape described and explained in my paper in last year’s Journad. In the case of the ravine cut through the hill on the south-west of Wensley Dale, however, the case is quite otherwise, for the rock is limestone on both sides of the hill, which was obviously rounded before the ravine had any existence, and so its origin must be referred to the causes cited above. I have already mentioned landslips, which are really so numerous locally as to form an important factor in the evolution of scenery. We have the well-known cases of the slips of lime- stone which have taken place at Crich, and Hob’s House in Monsal Dale. A phenomenon of a somewhat similar nature but more difficult of explanation, is to be seen near Abney, and another at Alport. These are rock-movements of a somewhat different nature to landslips of the Crich type. Let us consider the example near Abney. A hasty survey of the district of the Highlow Brook shows that the valley is cut through a plateau of thinly-bedded shales (Shale Grit) resting upon the black Yoredale shales previously described. The sides of the valley are normally rather gentle and grass clad; but in the section of the valley (about a mile long) where the slips have occurred, the southern side is usually precipitous, naked, and separated from the brook, which here flows at the foot of the northern side, by a gradually descending shelf, or “ undercliff,” 212 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. varying from a few hundred feet to nearly a quarter of a mile in breadth. In this part of the valley the sides are about 200 feet high, and the bottom cuts into the black shale. Upon this undercliff are a series of long hillocks running some four or five abreast in the direction of the valley. These hillocks give a peculiar and rather weird character to the scenery (Fig. 6) as they range up to some fifty feet in height, and, although. generally grass-clad, possess few trees, and these, being of a stunted character, greatly enhance their apparent magnitude. It must here be remarked that those hillocks near the brook are well rounded, and, almost invariably, lower than those further south towards the cliff. Further those near the brook are well covered with verdure, while the masses towards the cliff show their “ ribs” ina marked manner. From this fact, and from the steepness of their sides, which in certain cases exceed an angle of 45°, it would seem that the hillocks near the brook are older than those near the cliff. An important point to notice is that the bedding of the hillocks is very regular, and corresponds, as fairly as can be expected in such material, with the bedding in the cliff to the south. In consonance with the method adopted here, we are now to enquire imto the origin of these hillocks, and trace our way back carefully to the causes which have brought about their existence. In the first place it is obvious that these are outliers of the plateau to the south, and which I shall hereafter speak of as the parent rock. The problem to be solved is this: How have they become detached and THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 213 isolated from the parent rock? The answer which would glibly be vouchsafed by the embryo student of Geology is, that the action of the weather had carved out the spaces between the hillocks, in the manner in which most other hills have been formed. Such an answer would be found to be unsatisfactory, for it is found that the appearances of the hillocks as regards contour and verdure point to the fact that they are of different ages, the grass-clad mounds near the brook being distinctly older than those near the parent rock. An astute geologist would conclude that these hillocks had slipped down from the parent rock over the oleaginous shales which underlie them. Indeed, the officers of the Geological Survey offer this explanation in the analogous case of the peaked hillock known as Alport Tower, and the surrounding hummocks.* Mr. Ward is, however, of the opinion that this explanation does not satisfy the facts of the case either _ in the Alport instance. or the one at Abney, and he suggests a theory which is presented below. He argues that the isolation of the hillocks cannot be due to slipping simply, for the detach- ment of the masses has proceeded with some regularity, and that such slipping could not have proceeded without considerable disturbance of the bedding of the detached masses, which certainly does not appear to has taken place. Further, the dip is very gentle, not exceeding 3° to the north, which, in our opinion, would not be competent to produce such slipping. The explanation is to be found in the physical structure of the underlying shales, which has been previously referred to. Above these shales lie a thickness of about 200 feet of shale grit. So long as this superincumbent mass is continuous it will be well supported by the shales below. But suppose, as in the present case, that the cutting tools of nature carve out a strip of this overlying plateau. Were there a con- siderable amount of cohesion between the shales, no marked effect would follow; but, as has been pointed out before, the * Memoir of the Geological Survey : ‘The Geology of the Carboniferous Limestone, Yoredale Rocks, and Millstone Grit of North Derbyshire,” p. 42. 214 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. cohesion is very slight, the shales being remarkably friable, and the flaky fragments slipping over each other with readiness. It was explained in last year’s Journal* how the pressure of overlying gritstones had produced flexures in the Yoredales of the Amber Valley. In the present cases a somewhat different effect has been produced. The shales have resembled in their behaviour a viscous substance. The pressure of the overlying mass has caused them to be squeezed out towards the valley, where there is but slight resistance laterally, and no_ overlying mass. If it is difficult to conceive how this could be brought about ; let it be borne in mind that much of the water falling on to the plateau would find its way down to the Yoredale shale, permeating and lubricating the upper laminz. Now the over- lying rocks are of a broken character, being thinly bedded and divided vertically by joints. Accordingly, as the shales are squeezed out from below, they will tend.to carry with them— float out, as it were—portions of the overlying strata. But the separation from the parent rock depends also upon another pro- cess. It must not be overlooked that the slight dip would tend to direct the water sinking through the plateau south of the valley, northwards into the latter, in preference to the lower valleys to the south. Hence the shale, as it approaches the valley, would be more mobile, and hence more susceptible to being squeezed out. But, where this squeezing out takes place, the shale will become correspondingly thinner, and, as a consequence, the overlying rocks will unequally sink those portions next the valley at a greater rate than those behind them. This unequal subsidence will obviously aid the fracturing. The process would be accelerated when once begun by the lateral thrust exerted by the “creep” produced on the shale between the detached mass and the parent rock, and by the talus falling into the crevasse from the sides; also by the increased action of water finding its way in large quantities behind the detached mass‘and thus soaking the semi-solid mass * <©On Some Contorted Strata in the Yoredale Rocks, near Ashover.” By John Ward. THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. 215 on which the derg is being floated out. This mass being thus detached, and its lateral support withdrawn from the parent rock, the compression proceeds apace, and another block parts and floats off at the rate of probably only a few feet per century, to be followed by other blocks, whose downward path, though by no means rapid, is certainly sure, and does not cease until the hillock is brought to the brookside, and there exposed to the rapid disintegration of the stream. But so slow are these movements— sO apparently earth-fixed are the hillocks—that upon one of these slipped masses lower down the valley is an old cottage with its outbuildings and gardens. It will be seen that the earliest removed masses will have been for a longer period subjected to the wear and tear of sub-aerial denudation; hence we find such more disintegrated, possessing gentler slopes, and more completely clad with the verdure which only time can bestow. The newer ones—near the mainland, so to speak—are steeper and barer ; while right back on the slope of the parent mass higher up the valley, can be perceived—particularly from a distance—peculiar A shaped *depressions marking the lines along which further separation is taking place. There is no actual fissure in these cases, for it would be filled up as formed with material from above and below, but they are interesting as marking the line of parting - for the next mass. Sufficient has been said to shew that this ingenious theory is fully borne out by the observed facts, and certainly has, so far as the writer is aware, the merit of novelty. And here must end the present article; not because the subject is exhausted but because the space is limited. One word may be said in conclusion. It is sometimes thought that the scientific investigation and explanation of these natural phenomena will detract from the pleasure to be derived from them. One friendly critic wrote as much in reference to my article bearing a similar title in last year’s Journa/. Surely the opposite is the case. To the geologist every detail in the outline of hill and valley conveys * This refers not to the section of the depression, but to its ou¢/ine on the hill side, 216 THE EVOLUTION OF DERBYSHIRE SCENERY. a meaning, and carries the imagination back to a period when things were not as they are now, but when the present forces were at work slowly bringing about the present state of things. It is frequently said that science takes the poetry out of physical phenomena by explaining them, the romance being, therefore, rooted in ignorance. On the contrary, science infuses new interest and the highest poetry into everything—her explanations can never be ultimate, they simply lead on to fresh discoveries, ever opening out fresh vistas of enquiry, and at every step strengthening the reason and stimulating the imagination. To the unlearned the river gorge and gaping chasm are evidence only of some huge convulsion which rent the rocks asunder— and there the matter ends. The geologist perceives in them evidence of the prolonged action of water, and thence spreads out a series of questions. How did the water get there? in what way did it manage to remove the solid rock? and why should it have carved out the rock in just that shape? And to answer these questions, he has to ask others—of Nature, who, in answering one, invariably suggests others, so that, although he is infinitely wiser and nearer the solution of the problem, yet he sees stretched before him an interminable vista of questions to be asked and secrets to be revealed, which, after it has been traversed, will still find him face to face with mystery. Yet the glimpse that he gets of the relations of things, of the interdependence and immutability of nature’s laws, is spiritual food and drink, providing that energy and stimulus from which ~ alone proceeds worthy and fruitful scientific investigation. 217 ~ On an Exposure iw the Reuper Clays anv Maris, Derby, By GrorcE Fiercuer, F,G.S, Reve AlOME hundred yards to the north of the Firs Estate Board School is an exposure of the strata belonging to the Keuper Clays and Marls, in which are some points worthy of notice. This is a large claypit attached to the brickyard of Mr. James Kent, in which are several excellent sections. The most interesting point is the fault shewn in Figure 1. Owing to the manner in which the clay has been excavated, this fault is shewn in four sections. Faults usually present difficulty to the unexperienced in field geology. To correctly infer their existence from observations of the rocks as they occur at the surface, one must be carefully informed of the 218 EXPOSURE IN THE KEUPER CLAYS AND MARLS. local succession of beds. Few good examples occur locally— except, of course, in the coal measures—where faults are to be well seen in section. This is a very good example, although it is hardly possible to estimate the extent of the disturbance. It is most probably connected with the fault shewn upon the Geological Survey Map as passing through Derby, the line of fault in this exposure passing in a north-westerly direction. The direction of the section is shewn. On the west side of the fault the beds dip in an easterly direction at an inclination of 28° or more, and on the east side they dip in the same direction at an angle of 13°, becoming horizontal in about 100 yards from the fault. Minor faulting and contortion are, as might be expected, common in the immediate neighbourhood. The section is 40 or 50 feet in height. The smaller section to the north-west is still more interesting. It is shewn in Figure 2. To the south the beds are very nearly horizontal, while for a short distance on the north side of the fault they are nearly vertical, passing to a dip of 45° in a north-easterly direction in the space of a few yards. This section is 1o or 12 feet high, and exhibits the peculiar re-curving of the beds shewn in the figure. These bends are well seen in the grey marls, which are here and there fractured. In my opinion these are due to the passage of ice from the high ground which rises in a graceful amphitheatre some few hundred yards to the south and is capped by Boulder Clay, of which exposures may be seen EXPOSURE IN THE KEUPER CLAYS AND MARLS. 219 on the Burton Road near the top of Argyle Street, and in Littleover Lane. The phenomenon is by no means uncommon on the slope of a hill, where it may be referred to the action of débris sliding down the hill, but that explanation cannot hold here, as the ground is for several hundred yards around fairly level. Taking into account the neighbourhood of the glacial deposits referred to above, and the position of the beds, this seems to be the best—indeed, the only explanation of the phenomenon. There are several thick beds of marl in the pit, of considerable: hardness, many of them exhibiting ripple-marks upon their surfaces. In some of them also are to be seen sharply-cut cubical indentations, as though a dice had been driven into the rock when in a plastic condition. These are, doubtless, cavities left by cubical crystals of rock salt, and are by no means uncommon in these salt-bearing strata. These and the ripple- marks indicate the shallow-water character of the deposits. The crystals of rock salt would be dissolved by the returning water, which would deposit sedimentary material in them. Doubtless, a search would lead to the finding of these pseudomorphs after salt. I have only seen the casts. Considering the nature of the beds of rock salt and gypsum occurring in these strata, it is by no means unlikely that this fault is due to subsidence. The exposure is certainly an interesting one, and lies at our very doors. The Greaves Parehments. By W. R. HoLuanp. reign of Henry III. (1216-1272), at a place, within the Manor of Beeley, Derbyshire, called Greaves, whence the surname is derived. Beeley (the Begelie of Domesday) is a Chapelry in Bakewell Parish. Greaves, the former seat of the family bore that name until 1687, when a new owner changed it to Hill Top, where may yet, or in recent times could, be seen the remains of the old Elizabethan mansion, with a good deal of carving in two of the rooms, and the arms of James I., and the motto of James, ‘‘ Beati pacific,’ over a chimney-piece. In very early records this surname is spelt “ Greves,” and there is, or was, amongst the Duke of Rutland’s muniments, a parchment, said to be of the time of Henry I. (but more probably Henry III.), with the name of Greves and the spread eagle (the family crest) on the appended seal. A few documents relating to the Manor of Beeley came into my possession some years ago. ‘They consist of an Indenture of Feoffment or Grant, dated 9th June, second year of Elizabeth (1560), and an Indenture of a Fine levied in the Common Pleas at Westminster, in Michaelmas Term, 2 Elizabeth. These documents all relate to the same transaction, the fine completing the Conveyance attempted by the Feoffment. The Deed of gth June, 1560, is a good example of an early Conveyance in the English language, as Latin was generally employed down to and after this date. The writing presents an interesting specimen of THE GREAVES PARCHMENT. 221 the style of caligraphy prevalent about Shakespeare’s time, and there is much quaintness in the phraseology and spelling. The deed is between Nicholas Vaux, of Harrowdon, Northants., brother of William Vaux, Lord Harrowdon, of the one part, and John Greaves, of Belaye, and Edward Deane, of Greaves, in Belaye, of the other part. Deane was merely a trustee for Greaves, and took no interest ; and the property conveyed by the deed was limited by the fine (which completed the transaction) to the use of Greaves and Deane, and the heirs of Greaves (only) for ever. The property conveyed to Greaves, and his trustee Deane, was the manor of Belay, and all the lands, etc., in Belay, which, by a previous Indenture, Lord Harrowdon had conveyed to the said Nicholas Vaux. The fine is dated in Michaelmas term in 2 Elizabeth, and it records the ‘Final Agreement” between John Greaves and Edward Deane, plaintiffs, and Nicholas Vaux, deforciant, relating to the manor of Belay, and 9 messuages, 2 cottages, 1 toft, 20 gardens, ro orchards, 1 water-mill, 2 dove-houses, 400 acres of tilled land, 140 acres of meadow, 200 acres of pasture, 40 acres of wood, 500 acres of furze and heath, 1,000 acres of moor, and 30s. of rent in Belay. These quantities, according to a practice which prevailed down to 31st December, 1833 (from which date fines were abolished), are mere general expressions, round numbers being employed, care being taken to make them large enough to’ cover the actual extent of the property referred to. The fine, which is in duplicate, is a beautiful specimen of the stiff court hand of the period, and is in Latin much abbreviated. King James I. granted or confirmed to a John Greaves (who was probably a grandson of the John Greaves before mentioned), the manors of Beeley, Cowley, Gretton, Stanton, Birchover, Winster, and Bridgetown (Rot. Pat. 12 James I., 26 pt., No. 13, A.D. 1615), for the nominal sum of 20s. The family were staunch Royalists in the civil wars. In Burke’s ‘Commoners ” there is a pedigree of the Greaves family. The late Mr. Charles Sprengel Greaves, Q.C. (who was a member of this Society, and a highly- valued contributor to its Journal), was a representative of this old 222 THE GREAVES PARCHMENT. Derbyshire family, being the son of William Greaves, M.D., of Mayfield Hall, Staffordshire. The Manor of Beeley was sold in the reign of James I. by the Greaves of that date to the ancestors of the Duke of Rutland, and according to Lysons (1817, Vol. v., p. 32), William Saville purchased the Greaves estate in Beeley of the Greaves family in 1687, and occupied the ancient residence at Greaves, the name of which Saville changed to Hill Top. The last Greaves of the Greaves appears to have been a John Greaves, who sold the ancient family seat to William Saville in - 1687. The estate had doubtless been greatly impoverished during the civil wars, the family having taken the side of King Charles I. against Cromwell and the Parliament. In 1655, there was an ordinance by the Parliament for the decimation of the cavaliers, whereby all that had borne arms for Charles I., or declared themselves in his interest, were to pay the tenth part of their estates that were Jeff, to support the charge of the Common- wealth, etc.; and in a list of “Gentlemen of the County of Derby who compounded, extracted from, ‘A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen that have compounded for their estates, 1655,’” will be found the names of “ Richard and George Greaves, Beeley, gents., £160.” In the episcopal chapel at Beeley there is (or was), within the rails, a flagstone bearing an interesting inscription to the memory of the last Greaves of Greaves. He appears to have removed to Woodhouse (qu. Stanton Woodhouse), and died there. The memorial was probably placed in Beeley Chapel by his widow, who survived him six years, and to whom also a similar memorial was placed, near that of her husband. The two inscriptions will form a fitting conclusion to this paper :— “‘ This marble stone doth presse, but not oppresse, the body of John Greaves, son of John Greaves, of Greaves, Esq., who was always a true son of the Church of England, merciful and charitable to the poor, patient and courageous in a tedious sickness, and at length, being full of faith and hope, did exchange this troublesome world for a better, the 13th of October, 1694.” THE GREAVES PARCHMENT. 223 “In Morte Lucrum—the remains of that excellent woman, Mrs. Ann Greaves, daughter of George Birds, of Staunton Hall, gent., and relict of John Greaves, of Woodhouse, Esq., lie here interred ; her better part to blissful regions ascended, the 25th of May, 1700; to whose pious memory this marble is dedicated by her brother, Mr. Thomas Birds.” : 225 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. A. Abney, James, 135 ; Rey. Canon, 190 Addison, 108 Adelinus, or Aschelinus, fElius Verius, 120 Alexander the Great, 111 Allectus, 122 Allestrey, George, 146 Allport, Mr., 37 Aluredo Domino, 58 Amando, Almaric de Sancto, 13 Amodesham, Adam de, 16 Anderton, Mr., 170 Antoninus Pius, 111, 120 Arbogastes, 130 Arnold-Bemrose, H., M.A., F.G.S., 32, 106 Arundell and Surrey, Countess of, 150-152 ; Earl of, 151 Asclepiodatus, 122 Ashton, Robert, 152, 153, 170 Aston, Emma de, 26; Suetus de, 26 Athelaston, Felicia de, 22; Thomas de, 22 Attelowe, Robert, 19 Augustus, III Aurelianus, 40, 41 B. Babbingeleye, Nicholas de, 23; Robert de, 23 Babington, Mr., 172 Bachelor, Simon de, 79 Backerfield, Mr., 168 16 Bagshawe, William, 171 Bailey, Mr. George, 108, 175, 195, 197, 199 Baillol, Josc de, 107 Bainbrigge family, 193 Ball, Nathan, F.R.H.S., 39 Band, Robert le, 14 Barton, Ricardus de, 77 Bassett, Elizabeth, 135, 165; Robert, 15; Thomas,136; William, 165 Basyngges, John de, 27 Bateman, William, 53; Mr., 32, 45, 49 Bay, Clementia, 10; Hugh le, ro Beaufoy, Robert le, 25 ; William le, 25 Beek, Antonio, 84, 86, 106 ; Thomas, 84, 86, 106 Bek, Anthony, 53 Bekyngham, Eliza de, 86 Beneth Hugone de, 59 Bennett, Gervase, 143- 152, 154-159, 162, 164 Bentle, Adam de, 15; William de, 15 Benteleye, William de, 10, 13, 22 Bentinck, M. la C. de, 121 Bernak, Gervase de, 12 ; William de, 12 tess Johannem de, Betford, Johannem de,72 Beverlaco, Thome de, 57 Bireneto, Radulfus de, 57 Birds, George, 2235 Thomas, 223 Blakesley, Joseph William, 55 Bloet, or Blovet, Simon de, 53 Blount, James, 153 Blund, Joan de, II; Roger de, 11; William de, II Blundus, Alexander, 63 Bogh, Robert de, 10; William de, 10 Bolgrave, Richard de, 29 Boneyre, Nicholas, 12 ; Matilda, 12 Bonney, Prof., 34 Booth, Mr., 172 Bosco, Ricardo de, 86, 107 Bowden, George, 160, 161; Nicholas, 160, 161 Bowet, Idonea, 9; Thomas, 9 Boyz, William du, 28 Bradborne, Humphry, 163 Bradeford, Thomam de, 77 Brareton, Mr., 164 Braylesford, Henry de, 18 Breisley, or Simon de, 53 Bremmyngton, Joan de, 22; Peter de, 23 Bret, ‘Mary, “le,” 22): William le, 22 Bretland, John, 164, 165; Thomas, 163 Breydestone, Elizabeth de, 26; Michael de, 26 ; Nicholas de, 58 Brevint, Daniel, 54 Brookes, Edward, 155 Borisley, 226 Brown, Mr. H. T., 34 Brown, Thomas, 150 Bullock, John, 159, 1925 Mr., 170; William, 159, 160 Bulmere, Beatrice, 143 Robert, 14 Burke, 221 Burton, Mr., 170 Burnton, Willelmo de, 86 Butler, John, 140; William John, 55 Butuile, Petrum de, 77 Buxton, Henry, 154, 155 C: Caldlow, Ricardus de, 78 Campion, Abraham, 54 Cannon, Robert, 54 Cantilupe, Thoma de, 106 Cantrell, Rev. H., 191 Carausius, 115, 121-123 Cardinal, Simon, 53 Carlton, Thomas, 163, 164 Carpenter, Adam de, 21; Joan le, 23; John le, 23; Sarah le, 125 William le, 12 Carrington, Mr., 51 Carver, Mrs., 150 Cash, Mr., 35 Cavendish, Charles, 4, 7,165; Sir William, 165 Cayam, Walterum de, 83 Cestrefeld’, Stephano de, 5 Chaneni, Ricardo de, 70 Chesterfield, Earl of, 132 Cheyney, Thomas, 54 Clarke, Edw., 153, 1575 Mr., 2-4; Raphe, 152- 157. Claudius, 40, 41 Clayton, Mr., 170 Clifford, Roger de, 86, 106 Clifton, Simon de, 75 Clodius, 40, 41 Clogh, Richard del, 28 Clybone, Nicholas de, 21 Cobham, Johanne de, 87 Coke, Sir John, 135, 143 ; Thomas, 143-147 Cohen, M., 127-129 Cole, William, 54 Colewic, Reginaldo de, 70 Conlond, Richard de, 22 Constable, John, 54 Constantine the Great, III, 123-128 Constantine, 124 Constantinus, 122, 123 Conyesdon, Henry de, 10; Richard de, 10 Cook, Peter, 187 Cooper, John, 160 Coterel, Henry, Ralph, 22 Couse, Wm., 151-153 Cox, Rev. Dr. J. C., 52, 132, 175, 192, 194 Cranwell, Luke, 140 Crassus, 116 Cromwell, 222 Cropley, Mr., 169 Cruce, Henrico de, 60; Hugh Sancto, 13 ; Is., 13 Crumford, Henricus de, 78, 79 Cte, Henrico de, 59 Cumberland, Mr., 169 Curson, Sir John, 134 Curzun, Henry de, 153 Richard de, 15 Chlorus, 22 3 Cust, Richard, D.D., 54 Cutts, 188 D. Deane, Edward, 221 Decentus, 127 Decius Trajanus, III Deeley, Mr., 33 Delesse, 201 Demetrius, 118 Denham family, 159 Derbi, Roberto de, 583 Rogero de, 59 Dethick, Dorothy, 135 5 John, 135 Dethicke, Christopher, 164 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. Devoreux, Colonel Nich- olas, 148 Digby, Sir John, 4 Dincurt, Waltero de, 56 Diocletian, 122-125 Domitian, III Donstannilla, Robert de, 107 Druyeberd, Ralph, 20 Duham, Torold de, 70 Dunleg, Henry de, 21 E. Egenco, Hugone de, 58 Ely, Richard de, 53 Ennonere, Eudo, 143 William de, 14 Esseburn, Galfridi de, 57; Hugonem de, 100; Nicholas de, 56, 635 Robertus de, 63 ; Ste- phano de, 56 Etruseilla, 111 Every, Anne, 147; Sir Henry, 147-149; Sir Simon, 147-159 Eyncurt, John de, 115 Roger de, II Eyton, Ralph de, 19 F. Facunburge, Henry de, 27 Fane, Mr. Dashwood, 144 Farron, Rev. Canon, 116, 117 Faustina, 111, 126 Feirfield, Elias de, 16; Isabella, 16 Ferebrat, Margery, 24; Ralph, 24. Fevre, John le, 20 Findern, Jane, 1353 George, 135 Fitz-Hugh, George, 54 Fitz-Neale, Richard, 53 Fitz-Orme, Richard le, I Fleming, J. le, 1005 Robert, 54 Fletcher, Mr. George, 37, 200, 2175 Paule, 4 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. Flint, William, 145, 147, 153-159, 162 Folejaumbe, Thomas, 10 Folyot, Nicholas, 29 ; Richard, 29 Forde, Clement de la, 28 Forman, Mrs. T. B., 111 Fown, Richard, 21 Fox, Roger, 21 Franks, Mrs. C. B., 112 Fremane, Henry le, 15 ; William le, 15 Fuller, Samuel, 54 G. Galerius Maximianus, 123, 125 Gallienus, 40, 41, 199 Garbutt, Mr., 112 Gee, Edward, 54 Gell, Sir John, 135 George, William, 54 Gibbons, 52, 125 Gisborne Family, 193 Glover, 110, 115, 182, 186 Goldyng, Joan, 28; Thomas, 28 Gordianus, 111 Gordon, George, 54 Goth, Raymund de la, or Del Gond, 53 Grandon, Elena de, 24 ; John de, 24 Granell, Roberto de, 58 Gratianus, 129 Graunger, Thomas le, II Graveshende, Ricardus de, 53, 79, 81, 87, 90, 91, 94 Greaves, Charles Spren- gel, 222; Family, 220,222 ; George, 222; John, 221-223; Mrs, Anne, 223; Richard, 222 Green, John, D.D., 54 Greenwell, Rey. Canon, 47 Greenwood, Mrs., 144, 145; Rk, 1453 Tymothy, 162 Gregson, Henry, 158, 159 Gretheved, —_ Margery, 30; Richard, 30 Grey, Lucy de, 26; Richard, 22, 26 Griffin, Ralph, 54 Grueber, Mr. H. C., 199 H. Hadrian, 44, 111, 119- 121 Haimo, 53 Hall, Mr., 170; Pro- fessor, 35 Hallowes, Nathaniel, 135 Hamelinus, 53 Hampton, Margery, 9; Walter de, 9 Hardy and Messrs., 9 Harecurt, Philip de, 53 Harpur, Sir Henry, 137; Sir John, 135-142, 171; Sir Richard, 135; William, 140- Page, 143 Harrison, Richard, 155, 156, 169 Harrowdon, Lord, 221 Heathcote, Mr. Joseph, 45; 47; 50 Hegham, Nicholaus de, 97 Heigham, Nicholas, 53 Helynn, Waltero de, 86, 106 Hengham, Radulfo de, 84-87, 107 Henneage, George, 53 Hennouer, Matilda, 16 ; Robert, 16 Henoure, William de, 29 Hereward, Milicent, 18 ; Roger, 18 Herigo, Margery, 22; Nicholas, 22 Herit, John de, Matilda de, 14 Herle, Robert de, 30 Herm, Thomas, 75 Hermco, Alexandro, 60 Hertford, Ellen de, 27; Robert de, 27 Hetham, John de, 16; 14; 227 Heyrun, William, 16 Highland, Mr., 169 Hilton, Roger, 172 Hokerton, Walter de, 11 Holland, W. R., 220 Holond, Richard de, 20 Hollingworth, Mr., 169 Holmes, Randle, 137 Honorius, 130 Honywood, Michael, 54 Hope, W. H. St. John, 175 Horseley, Thomas de, 2 7 Housedon, John de, 13; Simon de, 13 Howard, Catherine, 1353 Henry, 1355 Mr., 3 Howe, Mr., 37 Hugar, Petrus de, 57 Hughes, Prof. McKenny 206 Hull, Ricardo de, 55 Hulm, Robertus de, 57 Hulme, James, 160 Humet, Ricardo de, 55 Hunelton, Adam de, 14; William de, 14 Hutton, Mr. J., 3-7 Hylton, Adam de, 60 I. Ichinton, Hamo de, 15 Ingerby, Aldreda de, 29; William de, 29 Ingewardeby, Cecilia de, 10; Nicholas de, 10 Ingram, William, 22 Irton, Stephen de, 12; Margery de, 12 J. Jeremie, James Amivaux, 55 Jeune, Francis, 55 Johnson, M., 198 Jourdain, Rey. Francis, 52 Julius Czesar, 116, 117, 127, 210 Junem, Thome, 58, 61 Juno, 115, 116 228 K. Kateby, Nicholas de, 14 Kaye, Richard, LL.D., 54 Keene, Mr., 183 Kent, Mr. James, 217 Kerry, Rev. Charles, 175, 178-184, 187,188 Keu, John le, 20 Kirke, Henry, 160 Kirkeby, Johanne de, 84 Kirketon, Mattheus de, 4 Kirnington Joceline de, 53 Kirtling, Geoffrey, 53 Kniveton, Sir Gilbert, 162 Knyveton, Henry de, 18-21 ; Matthew de, 18-21 Kurcun, Henry de, 15; Joan de, 15 Kydesley, Pagan de, 14 ; Simon de, 14 Kynewaldmers, John de, 24; Matilda, 24; Ralph de, 24 Kynmarleye, Robert de, 30 L. Ladde, Roger, 20 Langeford, Michael de, 8 Eanes W. de, 100 Launde, Ellen, 30, 31; John de la, 30, 31 Launcercumbe, Ricardus de, 76-78; Walterus de, 78 Lee, Mr., 127-129 Leech, John, 141, 142, 148 Lees, Walter, 140 Leigh, Sir Henry, 147 Leune, Robert de, 24 ; Roger de, 24 Lessington, or Lexing- ton, William de, 53 Letford, Johannes de, 72 Lexinton, Henry de, 53, 61 Ley, Nicholaum de, 77 Leycestria, Radulfus de, 102 Lichfield, 119, 120 Lindwod, Nicholaus de, 57 Liuetot, Johanne de, 86, 87, 106 London, Willelmo, 57 Longbottom, Mr., 124, 128, 129 Lorimer, Isolda le, 15; Nicholas le, 15 Louseley, Edith de, 17 ; Robert de, 573 William de, 17 Lucas, Margaret, 165 ; Sir Charles, 165 Lucia, Ricardo de, 55 Luci, Ricardo de, 107 Lummas, Thomas, 171 Lysons, 110, 222 Lytton, Gilbert de, 24; Robert de, 24 M. Mackworth, LL.D., 54 Macrobius, 119 Macy, Henry le, 15 Magnentius, 127-129 Magson, John, 4 Mallet, Francis, 54 Mancestr, Robertus de, John, 57 Manilia, Scantilla, 111 Mannefeld, Henrico de, 56; Malgero de, 56; Willelmo de, 56 Mannesfeld, Henry de, 53; Radulphus de, 79 Mansfield, Lord, 2-7, 165, 169, 171 Mapilton, Henrico de, 59, 61; Ricardus de, 60; Thomas de, 20 Marchinton, John de, 13 Marcus Aurelius, 111, 121 Mareschall, Philip le, 9 Mariscis, Robert de, 53, ae 73) 75> 80-82, 88- Martinall, Rogero de, 102 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. Martin, Hugh, William, 16 Martinus, 128 Matloke, Robertus de, 16; 7p Maxentius, 125 Maximian, 124 Maximinus, III, 130 Maydestun, John de, 53 Mazine, Captain, 168; Letitia, 29 ; Ralph de, 122, 29 Medilton, Miles de, 24 ; William de, 24 Mello, Mr., 82 Mellor, Robert, 132, 143-147, 152-159, 162, 16 4. Mepham, Richard, 53 Mercatore, Roberto, 60 Merry, Anne, 153, 158; John, 153; Sir Henry, I 53 Metcalfe, A. T., F.G.S., 202 Meulent, Rogeri de, 74 Meynell, Mr. Godfrey, 132 Middleton, Willelmo de, 106 Milnes, Mr., 170 Mills, Mr., 170 Moline, William, 138, 140-143, 148, I51, 160, 161, 164 Monjoye, Isolda de, 13 ; Ralph de, 13 Monte Gomeri, William de, 23 Moore, Ric, 138, 140- 143, 148, 149, 160, 161, 164 Morley, Joan, 313 Richard, 31; Walter de, 30 Morton, Robert de, 13 Mortivalis or Martivaux, Roger de, 53 Mortus, Rogero de, 106 Mottram, Mr., 115, 12I- 124 Moulent, Rogerus de, 97 Mouner, Agnes le, 13 ; Henry le, 13 Mountjoy, Lord, 153 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. 229 Moyer, Sam., 138, 140- 142, 149, I51, 160, 6 167 Mukingister, Ricardo de, 70 Mulneton, Robert de la, 23 Mulreben, Hugh, 20 Mundy, E. M., Esq., 40 Musca, Thomas de, 175 N. Nero, 110, 118 Neuport, Richardo de, 8 Ie arent: Duke of, 1- 4, 165-167 Newton, John, 152; Mr., 3; William, 169 Nigellus, 53 Northbir’, Richardo de, 6 aca Richard de, 14 Nottingham, Herberto de, 59, 60; Salamone de, 56 Nottingham, John de, 53 O. Offord, John de, 53 Ogle, Baron, 165; Baroness, 165, 166 Oneston, Matilda de, 9 ; William de, 9 Outram, Mr., 170. P: Pakyngton, Henry de, 10; Isabella de, 10 Parfey, Henry, 28; John, 28; Sibilla, 28 Parker, 188; Matthew, 543 Roger, 54 Pegge, Edward, 162; Katherine, 162 ; Tho- mas, 162 Pennington, Mr. Rooke, 32 Petto, Petrus de, 79 Peuerwyth, Thomas de, 21 Philip The Elder, 111 Phillips, Mr. C. T., 131 Pinkerton, 116 Pistore, Ricardo, 56; Willelmo, 59 Pliny, 117, 118 Pompey, 116 Poppea, 117 Prestwich, Mr., 201 R. Rasen, John de, 27; William de, 27 Reading, Mr., 149 Remigius, Bishop, 53 Rechehour, Margery de, 25; Stephen de, 25 Reeve, John, 143 Revell, Francis, 135 Reynolds, John, 54 Richardson, Robert, 54 Robinson, F. J., 190; William, 4 Rolleston, Rogerus de, 76, 77, 82 Rolston, Mr., 6 Rolneston, Henrico de, 56; Hugone de, 56; Willelmo de, 56 Rolveston, Roger de, 53 Rooke, Major, 48 Rudheth, Henry de, 11 Russell, Jas., 143, 148, 149, 161, 164, 167 Rutland, Duke of, 220, 222 Rydeware, Philomena de 27; Roger de, 27 S. Sabina, I1I Sacheverall, Mr., 171 Saham, Simon de, 78 Sale, Simon de la, 17; Inga, 17 Salt, Mr. M., 116, 117, 194, 196, 199 Sandiacre, Geoffrey de, 25 Savage, Alda, 23; Haw- ysia, 23; John le, 23 Saville, William, 222 Scamel, Waltero, 86,106 Scardeburg, Roberto de, 84, 86, 106 Schriveyn, Walter le, 16 Scortie, Willelmo de, 70 Scotus, Rogerus, 57 Seele, Mr., 169 Selyman, Hawysia, 25; Wm., 25 Seneca, 117 Severus, 122 Seyton, Rogero de, 84, 86, 106 Shaw, Mr., 117, 118 Shepeye, John de, 54 Sherwyn, Mr., 150 Shrewsbury, Earl of, 151 Shyrleie, Isabella, 28 ; James, 28 Shyret, Alina, 12; Ro- bert, 12 Simpson, Rey. Dr., 131 Simeon, Geoffrey, 54 Sinerhull, Isabella, 10 ; Simon de, 10 Singleton, Robert, 4 Sitwell, George, 2-8; Sir George, Bart., I Sixtus, S., 53 Skinner, William, 4 Sleigh, Thomas, 145 Slypston, Margery de,24; Philip de 24 Smerehull, Margery de, 24; Nicholas de, 24; Thomas de, 24 Smith, C. Sebastian, 41 Snalesdal’, Thomas de, 77 Sorby, Dr., 35 Sparewater, Margery, 21; Ralph, 21 Spenddove, Willelmo,60 Squibb, Ar., 140, 142, 151, 167 Stafford, Gundreda de, 27; Robert de, 27 Stanhope, Earls of, 176 Stanton, Thome de, 59, 60 Staunton, Laurence, 54 St. Loe, Sir W., 166 Stoketon, W. de, 100 Storry, Mr., 169 Stownesby, Isabella de, 25; Peter de, 25 230 Streteley, or Strethiele, John de, 53 Sutton, Oliver de, 53, 74, 85, 105; Henry e, 2 Suthwell, Bartholomeus de, 57 Sylla, 116 a Tacitus, 40, 41, I19 Taisard, Thomas, 70 Talbot, Francis, 151 Taylour, John, 54 Taylur, Isabella de, 23 ; William de, 23 Tetricus, 40, 41 Theodosius, 127, 129 Thimbleby, Mr., 143 Thornhill, Rev. Bach, 48 Thornley, Mr., 169 Thorp, Roberto de, 24, 100 Thresh, Dr., 200 Tingehirst, Ricardo de, 6 Tiberius Czesar, 110, 116, 117 Tissinton, Adam de, 29 ; Alice de, 29 Tittebir, Roberto de, 56 Titus, 118 Tolemy, III Tomlinson, Raphe, 157 Topham, Anthony, 54 Topp, Sir Francis, § Tornay, Willelmo de, 74-78 > Tournay, William de, 53 Trajan, III Turkel, Rogero de, 60 Turnepeny, Robert, 25 Turner, Mr., 1 Tybecot, Roberto de, 84, 86, 106 Typetot, Eva, 10; Ro- bert, 10 Tyrel, William, 12 Tyson, Mr., 115 U. Ufford, John de, 53 Wf Valentia, Willelmo de, 84, 86 Valentinianus, 126, 130 Valentinian, 110, 129 Vaux, Nicholas, 221; William, 221 Venables, Rev. Precen- tor, 533; Robert de, 18 Vespasian, 40, 41, III, 118 Victorinus, 40, 41, III, 199 Vienitia, Hugh de, 17 W. Waldeschef, Alan de, 9 Walico, Reginald de, 55 Walton, Richard, 156 Ward, John, 32, 37, 45, 174, 202, 206, 209, 213, 214; John Gif- fard, 54 Warmbrok, Alice de, 28; Matilda de, 28; Richard de, 28; Ro- bert de, 28 Warefeld, de, 71, 72 Watenhou, Robert de, Edmundus 30 Waterville, Reginald de, 12 Watson, Mr. White, 48 Watton, Henrico de, 56 Webb, Dr., 132; Mr. _ 172 Tee William de, Weschanks Roger de, 53 Wesham, Rogerus de, 83 Wesinham, Rogerus de, 75, 78 Weston, Elia de, 58; Matilda de, 15; Ra- nulph, 15 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. Wethered, Mr., 36, 201 Weyland, Thoma de, 87 Whalley, Mr., 169 Whitehead, Mr., 172 Whitgift, John, 54 Whytheved, Geoffrey, 21 Wibberley, Francis, 157 Wilghby, Philippus de, 89-92 Willes, Edward, 54 Willis, Richard, 54 Williams, Mr., 121, 123, 124, 128 Williamson,Sir Thomas, 169 Willoughby, Frances, 1353 William Lord, 135 Wilughby, Philip, 53 Wimburne, Jordanus de, 74 Winslow, Edw., 138, 141-143, 148-151, 160, 161, 164, 167 Winton, Henrico, 55; Petrus de, 70-73, 80- 83, 91, 98, 99 Wirksworth, de, 56 Wodecote, Geoffrey de, 10, 29; Letitia, 10, 29 Wolsey, Cardinal, 52; or Wuley, Thomas, 54 Wolstenholme, Godfrey, Waltero 4 Worcester, Earl of, 166, 167 Wright family, 193; Mr., 171 Wyldegoz, Isolda, 28; Nicholas, 28 Wyldy, Walter, 19 Wylesle, Alice de, 10 Wylgheby, Robert de, 23 Wykeham, Wm., 54 Wyther, Wm., 28 vi Yorke, Hon. James, 54 Yreule, William de, 28 231 INDEX OF- NAMES';OF) PLACES: A. Abney, 211, 213 Abney Moor, 49 Affurton, 103 Africa, 118, 127 Alesworth, 169 Alexandria, 125 Alport, 211, 213 Alrewasseleye, 10 Alsop, 13, 31 Alstonefield, 13 Alwynefeld, 103 Amboldestone, 26 Antioch, 128 Aquileia, 127 Arderne, 22 Arles, 127 Ashbourne, 22, 38, 52-107, 144 Ashover, 214 Asia, 118 Asshe, 25 Assheleyehaye, 10 Attelowe, 22 Aylwastone, 26 B, Babington Moor, 169 Bagshawe Cavern, 206, 210 Bakewell, 48, 220 Bakyngton, 29 Bamford Edge, 204 Barleburgh, 27 BarloweWvodhouse, 170 Barnby, 161 Barrow, 136 Barton Blount, 153 Basingwerk, 150 Basselowe, 14 Bath, 133 Bathekewelle, 22 Beauchief, 162 Beeley, 220-222 Beeton, 25 Belaye, 221 Belhouse Grange, 168 Bendleg, 59, 60, 64, 69 Berchall, 171 Berkeley Castle, 188 Bilston, 137 Bingham Newton, 169 Birchover, 221 Blackwell, 167, 171 Bloore, 173 Blore, 135 Bolsover, 1, 103, 165, 169 Borrowash Mill, 187 Borrows, 164, 165 Bowleston, 27 Bowden, 160, 161 Bowden Edge, or Bow- den Chapel, 160 Bracyngton, 29 Bradbourn, 103, 154 Bradley, 18, 19, 57, 58, 64, 78, 162 Bradwell, 171, 206 Brampton, 170 Brassington, 36 Breadsall, 135 Breereley, 170 Breydeshall, 15, 16 Bridgetown, 221 Brisingcoate, 153-156 Brislingcote, 153, 155 Britain, 41, 116, 117, 122-130 Brittany, 130 Brough, 131 Burton, 18, ror Butterton, 173 Buxton, 32, 38, 117, 171, 194, 200 Byzantium, 125 G; Caldon, 173 Calke, 137 Calton, 173 Canterbury, 133 Capree, 117 Capell, 55 Carberton, 168 Carcosson, 169 Castleton, 206-209 Catton, 13 Caumpeden, 18 Causennis, 42 Chaddesden, 9, 190 Chapel-en-le-Frith, 160 Chard, 147 Cheadle, 173 Chellaston, 33 Chelmerton, 171 Chelmorden, 10 Chesterfield, 4, 55, 1or- 103, 163, 169 Chibburn, 188 Chinley, 38 Chobham Prefectory, 188 Cilicia, 128 Clerkenwell, 169 Clifton, 2, 36, 201 Clifton Campville, 185 Clifton Parva, 104 Clipston, 1-7, 168 Clipstowe, 3, 4 Clowne, 169 Clown Hills, 168 Clyde, Firth of, 121 Cogehall, 170 Cold Aston, 170 Constantine, 127 Constantinople, 124, 127 Cottam, 169 Cowley, 170, 221 Coventry, 57, 62, 64- 107, 133 232 Creswell Crags, 32 Crich, 103, 171, 211 Crickhowel, 185 Cromford, 210 Cursys, 23 D. Dale, 174-189 Darley Abbey, 76, 192 Darley Dale, 210, 211 Deepdale Cave, Buxton, 194-199, 209 Depedale, 174, 175, 186- 188 Derby, 32, 33, 74, 101, Til; “130-132, 9137" 147, 150, 155, 158, 159, 174, 191, 198, 217, 218 Dernhale, 85 Derventio, 43 Derwent Edge, 204 Dore, 38 Dronfield, 159, 170 Duffield, 9, 12, 112 Dunham, 169 Dunston, 170 Durham, 133, 202 E. East Hundred, 188 Eckington, 3, 9 Edwinstowe, 168 Egginton, 28, 147-149 Eldon Hole, 208 Elkeston, 173 Elton, 10 England, 1 Ely, 133 Erleston, 26 Europe, 118 Eyam Moor, 49, 50 F. Feirfield, 16 Fenny Bentley, 100 Findern, 135 Flawbrough, 169 Flintam Grange, 169 Forde-juxta Heyham, 14 Forde Poole, 171 Forth, Firth of, 121 Fostone, 12 Foxton, 3 France, 125 Friton, 172 G, Gaul, 127, 130, 199 Gleadthorpe Grange, 168 Gloucester, 133, 166 Gloucestershire, 172 Glossop, 150-152 Glossop Dale, 151 Godstone Nunnery, Leicester, 188 Great Hucklow, 167 Greaves, 220, 221 Greece, 118, 123 Greenhill Lane, 42 Gretton, 221 Grindon, 173 Grinlowe, 171 Grundloe, 167 H. Haddon, 171 Hallwynnefeld, 11 Hambrissham, 70 Harbro’, 36 Hardwicke Grange, 168, 169 Harrowdon, 221 Hathersage, 204 Hartle Moor, 49, 50 Hawkesworth, 169 Heanor, 40 Heliopolis, 128 Hereford, 133 Hibthorpe, 169 Hogh, 15 Hoghthon juxta Glappe- well, 23 Hokenaston, 65 Holand, 18 Horsley Park, 25 Hovingham, 172 Houlkeholme, 168 Huclowe, 171 Hutton, 169 Hylkesdone, 14 Le Ilkeston, 40 Ingleborough, 200 INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES. Ingleby, 34 Ireland, 50, 166, 167 Italy, 125, 127, 199 ie Janus, Temple of, 118 Jerusalem, 118, 120, 127 Judea, 118 K. Kent, 122 Kent’s Cavern, 33, 200 Ketliston, 103 Kingsley, 173 Kinton Wast, 140, 143 Kirkby, 3, 4, 169 Kirkby Stephen, 131 Kirke Woodhouse, 169 Kirk Langley, 163 Knaresborough Drop- ping Well, 200 Knowle Hill, 34 Kniveton, 12, 18, 63, 64, 99; 153-158 Kydesleye, 14 L. Langel, 103 Langeleye, 9 Langley, 171 Leicester, 144 Leicestershire, 34 Lichfield, 62, 64-107, 133 Linaker, 170 Lincoln, 9-11, 52, 56; 67-107, 166 Lincolnshire, 172 Litchurch, 170 Little Chester, 43, 1 08 131 Little Halum, 14 Little Longton, 171 Little Longston, 167 Llandaff, 133 London, 4-6, 71, 73, 134, 153, 163, 197 Longcliffe, 32, 36 Longelis, 104 Long Eyton, 23 Louseby, 18 Lytton, 24 INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES, M. Mackworth, 171 Magna Clyfton, 22 Mannesfeld, 55 Mansfield, 170 Mapleton, 64, 69, 98, 99, 171 Marchfield, 168 Matlock, 78, 203 Matlock Bath, 37, 206 Meeringe, 169 Melbourne, 143-147 Methelig, 104 Meynell Langley, 132 Middleton, 12, 24, 171 Middleton Dale, 208 Milecane, 28 Monsal Dale, 211 Morley, 15, 28, 180 Morton, I1 Monsucrene, 128 Mugginton, 9, 27 Mulneton, 23 N. Newbiggyng, 63 Newbold, 170 Newcastle, 119 Neweton, 18 Newhaven, 36 Newton Soulney, 148, 149 Normanton Grange, 168 Northampton, 12 Northumberland, 119, I2I, 166, 172, 202 Norton, 159, 160 Norton _Milnethorpe, 168 Norwich, 133 Nottingham, 42, 170 Notts., 166 169, O. Offerton Moor, 49, 50 Osemondeston juxta Esseburn, 16 Oskington, 55 Osmastone, 143 Oxecroft, 169 Oxford, 133, 165 Pe Padley, 205 Parham, 135 Parva Clyfton, 22 Peak Cavern, 207-210 Peak Forest, 170 Peterborough, 133 Peuewych’, 65 Pleseleye, 23 Presteclyve, 22 R, Rains Cave, 210 Raveneston, 24, 30 Redburn, 27 Renishaw, 2-7 Repton, 136 Ripley, 42 Rome, 116-119 Rottenden, 185 Rufford, 170 Rushall, 135 Rydynges juxta Somer- cotes, 30 S. Sandiacre, 23 Scotland, 51 Shardlowe, 16 Sheffield, 32, 203 Sherborne Almshouses, 188 Sherwood Forest, 2 Shipley, 39-44 Shorcliffe, 170 Shrewsbury, 10-12 Slingsby, 172 Snelleston, 30 Solway Firth, 119 Somerset, 147, 166, 172 Spondon, 13, 17, 18, 33, 103 Spain, 123, 127 Spalatro, 123 St. Alkmund’s, Derby, 190-193 St. Asaph, 133 St. Angelo, Temple of, 120 Staffordshire, 49, 51, 135, 166, 173, 222 Stanage Edge, 35, 204 233 Stanton, 221 Stanton Moor, 45-50 Stanton-by-Bridge, 153, 155 Stanton 222, 223 Staunton juxta Sandi- acre, 25 Stony Middleton, 152 Stowell, 29 Stretton, 203 Strines Edge, 204 Strutt’s Park, 117 Stubley Barnes, 170 Stuffnall, 152 Sturston, 18 Sugworth Edge, 204 Sussex, 123 Sutton-in-Dale, 26 Sutton-on-the-Hill, 153 Swarkestone, 135-140 Swinscoe, 173 Woodhouse, ve Taddington, 22, 185 Tarpeian Rock, 118 Tewkesbury Abbey Church, 188 Thurleston, 26 Ticknall, 136-142, 145 Tidswall, 170 Tissington, 171 Torp’, 64, 69 Torquay, 33 Trecarrell House, 188 Tottenham High Cross, 143, 144 Troy, 125 Trusseleye, 25 Turnditch, 158 Tutbury, 16, 18 Tylton, 18 10). Underwode, 22 Unston, 159, 192 Ae Valentia, 139 Vale Royal, 85, 105, 106 234 INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES. W. Walton, 4 Warmbrok, 28 Warmington, 185 Wath, 172 Welbeck, 1, 4, 5, 168 Welleton Cruddecote, 22 Wells, 133 Wensley Dale, 210 Westminster, 10-18, 2I- 31, 220 Westminster Abbey, 165 Westmoreland, 131 Wetton, 51 Whirton-upon-Trent, 18 White Edge, 204 Wigston Hospital, Lei- cester, 188 Windley Hill, 170 Winshill, 153 Winster, 221 Wirksworth, 101 - 103, 133 Woodhouse, 222, 223 Woodthorpe, 169 Worcester, 133 Worksop, 4 2ZMAY 1935 Wylesle, 10 Wylne, 16 Wyneslesle, 11, 29 Ni Yeldersley, 162 Yeneleye, 28 Yolgrave, 15, 24 York, 125, 131, 133, 166 Yorkshire, 34, 49, 172 * BEMROSE AND SONS, PRINTERS, DERBY ; AND 23, OLD BAILEY, LONDON. | | Walton, 4 Warmbrok, 2 Warmington, f ; Wath, 172 Welbeck, 1, 4_ P Welleton Crue ¥ Wells, 133 Wensley Dale, — te Westminster, 1¢ i Westminster Ab: aot A 31, 220 Westmoreland, : ; 7 ¥ ope EMROSE AND SONS, PRINTERS, DE . EASA in ar Ny ee AVeRBYSHIRE | ARCHEOLOGICAL AND | Natura History , SOCIETY. AER | oe, ' BEMROSE & SONS, ‘Eherrep 23, OLD BAILEY: . =a DERBY. =~ Ww * 4 es a (he! a4 AS hd rio Dy JOURNAL DERBYSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY EDITED BY ELEY. CHARLES SR ERE ¥ Rector of Upper Stondon Beds. VO) Sal JANUARY “rege London BEMROSE AND SONS LIMITED 23 OLD BAILEY AND DERBY ity ity : eee NE 5 , rain’, tae 1 2 nit : Se (unt ’ ? a - a . - ai x ne os - on >} a af | ‘YaAUOL =e ie he ) A v4 Ps oe. Pape > =. -* =e Ce ‘. \ i ‘¥ : x —— \ ays ol , ¥. : Sok EVAR EA AL ta + Zl 4 . - q + Pai - \ w¢ * ee ii ” * Yetad ado es GorrtLe enorme. ae - =" yeas A 4 - f cor aes ; ‘ia Sy“ — we. . cnr ve _ . A or ‘ “ae 0s c : iz CONTENTS. LisT OF OFFICERS RULES - - - - - = e y Ss = : = List OF MEMBERS~ - 7 - “ - : - = x = SECRETARY’S REPORT - : = - = : cs . 2 BALANCE SHEET - - - - - “ : = = « A CALENDAR OF THE FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY, FROM THEIR COMMENCEMENT IN THE REIGN OF RICHARD I. - CopNOR CASTLE AND ITs ANCIENT OWNERS, By Rev. CHARLES KERRY - - - - - - - BOTANICAL NOTES ON A WALK FROM BUXTON TO MILLER’s DALE IN JUNE, 1890. By Rev. W. H. PAINTER - - - - - - - A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL, DATED I0TH OCTOBER, 34 Hen. III., a.p. 1250, wiTH NOTEs, By REv. CHARLES KERRY - - - - - : HERMITs, FORDS, AND BRIDGE CHAPELS. By Rev. CHARLES KERRY - - - - - - NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS OF STRELLEY, OAKERTHORPE, AND HAZLEBACH. By Rev. CHARLES KERRY - - - - - - - NOTES ON THE MEDI4VAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. By JoHN Warp, Esq. - - - - - - - THE CHAUNTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASH- BOURNE, Co. DERBY. By Rev. FRANCIS JOURDAIN, M.A., VICAR OF ASHBOURNE NOTEs ON THE DISCOVERIES MADE IN THE NAVE AND AISLES OF REPTON CHURCH DURING THE LATE RESTORATION, By J. T. Irvine, Esq. - - - - = : THE Lost History OF PEAK FOREST, THE HUNTING GROUND OF THE PEVERELS. By JoHN PyM YEATMAN, EsQ., OF LINCOLN’s INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW_~ - - - - - - - A REGISTER OF BIRDS SHOT BY THE Rev. FRANCIS GISBORNE, RECTOR OF STAVELEY (1759-1821), DULY RECORDED BY HIM- SELF, FROM THE YEAR I761 TO 1784. CONTRIBUTED BY REV, CHARLES MOLINEUX, RECTOR OF STAVELEY - - - : - - - - 16 34 40 54 72 119 141 158 161 176 iv CONTENTS. THE BUILDING OF THE DERBYSHIRE LIMESTONE. By GEORGE FLETCHER, Esq., F.G.S. - - - - On RAINS CAVE, LONGCLIFFE, DERBYSHIRE—THE EXCAVATIONS AND GENERAL RESULTS. SECOND REPORT. CONTINUED FROM VOL. XI., P. 45. By JoHN Warp, Esq. - - - - . - - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLAN OF CODNOR CASTLE, DERBYSHIRE, I89I - - - - VIEW OF CODNOR CASTLE, FROM BUCK’s ENGRAVING OF 1727 CopDNoR CASTLE—EXTERIOR, East WALL, NORTH CouRT - CopNnor CasTLE—TOWERS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH CouRTS. VIEW TAKEN FROM THE SourTH CouRT - - - - - CopNoR CastLE—NortTH Court, INTERIOR, EAst SIDE. FROM A SketTcH BY Mr. GEORGE BAILEY - - - - - DERBYSHIRE ENCAUSTIC TILes—VI. PLATES. DRAWN BY JOHN WARD, Esq. - - - - - - - - - PORTRAIT OF THE ReEv. FRANCIS GISBORNE, M.A., RFCTOR OF. STAVELEY; DONOR OF THE GISBORNE CLOTHING CHARITY TO ONE HUNDRED PARISHES IN DERBYSHIRE~ - SuN DIAL IN THE GARDEN OF STAVELEY RECTORY - - - THE BITTERN - - - - - - - - - - - THE SNIPE (SITTING) - - - - - - - - - THE Cross IN STAVELEY CHURCHYARD - - - - - - POLISHED SECTION OF CRINOIDAL MARBLE, WIRKSWORTH - - WEATHERED SPECIMEN OF CRINOIDAL LIMESTONE. DRAWN BY Mr. GEORGE FLETCHER, F.G.S. - - - - - - PENTACRINUS—WYVILLE THOMSONI - - - - - : STEM OSSICLES OF CRINOIDS - - - - - - : - ENcRINUS LILIFORMIS. DRAWN BY MR. GEORGE FLETCHER, LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF RAINS CAVE. DRAWN BY JOHN WARD, PLAN OF RAINS CAVE) - - - - Do. FLINT ‘‘SCRAPER” AND FLAKE - : Do. FLINT FLAKES - - - - - Do. 16 16 116 176 176 181 200 216 218 219 220 221 222 229 231 234 239 LEST OF OFFICERS. President : DES DUE OrE RULLAN Dy Kk. G. Vice- Presidents ; THE Most REVEREND THE LORD ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. Duke or Norro.k, K.G., E.M. DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE. DUKE OF PORTLAND. LorD SCARSDALE. LorD VERNON. LorD WATERPARK, Lorp BELPER. Lorp Howarp or GLossop. Lorp Burton. RicutT Rev. Lorp BISHOP oF SOUTHWELL. Hon. W. M. JERVIs. HON. FREDERICK STRUTT. Ricut Rey. BisHop ABRAHAM. RIGHT Rev. Tue BisHop or DERBY. Sir H. S. Witmor, Barrt,, ViGe iC.B; Sir J. G. N. ALLEYNE, Bart. Str ANDREW BARCLAY WALKER, Barr. Sir T., WILLIAM Evans, Barr. VeRY Rev. DEAN OF LICHFIELD, J. G. Crompton, Esa. Nw Grs CURZON: MEISE: G. F. MEyNe tt, Esa. H. H. BEeMrose. Council : JOHN BAILey. GEORGE BAILeEy. WILLIAM BEMROSE. Joun Boroucu. Rev. J. CHarLes Cox, LL.D., F.S.A. C. G. SAVILE FoLjAmpe, M.P., F.S.A. WILLIAM JOLLEY. Rev. F. JOURDAIN. RICHARD KEENE. F. J. Roprnson. C. JAMES CADE. Hon. Treasurer : C. E. NEwron. J. B. Couzson, } Auditors : | J. GALLop. E. GREENHOUGH. SIR JAMES ALLPORT. W. MALLALIEU. W. R. HoLranp. Rev. CHARLES Kerry. ALBERT HARTSHORNE, F.S.A. A, E. COKAYNE. JOHN Warp. J. R. Navior. H. ARNOLD-BEMROS«. GEORGE FLETCHER. Str A. SEALE HasLamM, Hon. Secretary ; ARTHUR Cox. Wm. BEMROSE. OFFICERS OF THE SECTIONAL COMMITTEE FOR NATURAL HISTORY. Chairman : H. ARNOLD-BEMROSE, M.A., F.G.S. Committee : W. BEMROSE. G. FLETCHER. W. BLAND. C. A. GreAves, M.B. F. J. R. CARULLA. Rev. F. JoURDAIN. W. G. COPESTAKE. | W. MALLALIEU. Rev. J. CHarLes Cox, LL.D., Rev. J. M. MELLO, M.A., F.G.S. F.S.A. | A. G. Tavzor. ARTHUR Cox. | J. Warp. N. C. Curzon. | W. H. Watton. How. Secretary and Treasurer : GeorGE Hype, OsMAsTON ROAD, DERBY. vii RULES. I—NaAmeE. The Society shall be called the “ DERBYSHIRE ARCHEOLOGICAL AND Natura. History Society.” IT.—Opjecr. The Society is instituted to examine, preserve, and illustrate the Archzology and Natural History of the County of Derby. III.—OPeERATIOoN. The means which the Society shall employ for effecting its objects are :— 1.—Meetings for the purpose of Reading Papers, the Exhibition of Antiquities, etc., and the discussion of subjects connected therewith. 2.—General Meetings each year at given places rendered Interesting by their Antiquities or by their Natural development. 3-—The publication of original papers and ancient documents, etc. IV.—OFFIcErs. The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President and Vice- Presidents, whose elections shall be for life ; and an Honorary Treasurer and Honorary Secretary, who shall be elected annually. V.—Counci.. The General Management of the affairs and property of the | Society shall be vested in a council, consisting of the President, Vili RULES. Vice-Presidents, Honorary Treasurer, Honorary Secretary, and twenty-four Members, elected from the general body of the Subscribers ; eight of such twenty-four Members to retire annually in rotation, but to be eligible for re-election. All vacancies occurring during the year to be provisionally filled up by the Council. VI.—ApmIssION OF MEMBERS. The election of Members, who must be proposed and seconded in writing by two Members of the Society, shall take place at any meeting of the Council, or at any General Meetings of the Society. VII.—SvuBscRIPTION. Each Member on election after March 31st, 1878, shall pay an Entrance Fee of Five Shillings, and an Annual Subscription of Ten Shillings and Sixpence. All subscriptions to become due, in advance, on the 1st January each year, and to be paid to the Treasurer. A composition of Five Guineas to constitute Life Membership. The composition of Life Members and the Admission Fee of Ordinary Members to be funded, and the interest arising from them to be applied to the general objects of the Society. Ladies to be eligible as Members on the same terms. No one shall be entitled to his privileges as a Member of the Society whose subscripton is six months in arrear. VIII.—Honorary MEMBERS. The Council shall have the power of electing distinguished Antiquaries as Honorary Members. Honorary Members shall not be resident in the County, and shall not exceed twelve in number. ‘Their privilege shall be the same as those of Ordinary Members. IX.—MEETINGS OF COUNCIL. The Council shall meet not less than six times in each year, at such place or places as may be determined upon. Special meetings may also be held at the request of the President, or Five Members of the Society. Five Members of Council to forma quorum. ; RULES. Ix X.—Sus-ComMITTEEs. The Council shall have the power of appointing from time to time such sectional or Sub-Committees as may seem desirable for the carrying out of special objects. Such Sectional or Sub- Committees to report their proceedings to the Council for confirmation. XI.—GENERAL MEETINGS. The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held in January each year, when the Accounts, properly audited, and a Report shall be presented, the Officers elected, and vacancies in the Council filled for the ensuing year. The Council may at any time call a General Meeting, specifying the object for which that Meeting is to be held. A clear seven days’ notice of all General Meetings to be sent to each Member. XII.—-ALTERATION OF RULEs. No alteration in the Rules of the Society shall be made except by a majority of two-thirds of the Members present at an Annual or other General Meeting of the Society. Full notice of any intended alteration to be sent to each Member at least seven days before the date of such Meeting. LIST OF MEMBERS. £903 - The Members whose names are preceded by an asterisk (*) are Life Members. peers see Cox, Rev. J. Charles, LL.D., F.S.A., Barton-le-Street Rectory, Malton. Fitch, R., F.S.A., Norwich. Greenwell, The Rev. Canon, F.S.A., Durham. Hope, W. H. St. John, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London. Honorary Members. Irvine, J. T., 167, Cromwell Road, Peterborough. Kerry, Rev. Charles, Upper Stondon Rectory, Shefford, R.S.O., Beds. Wrottesley, General The Hon. George, 85, Warwick Road, Earl’s Court, London, S.W. * Abney, Captain W. de W., F.R.S., C.B., Willesley House, Wetherby Road, South Kensington, London. *Abraham, The Right Rev. Bishop, Lichfield. Adams, A. J., Bakewell. Addy, S. O., George Street, Sheffield. Alleyne, Sir John G. N., Bart., Chevin House, Belper. Allport, Sir James, Springhill, Duffield, Derby. Allsopp, The Hon. A. Percy, Hindlip Hall, Worcester. *Arkwright, Rev. W. Harry, Vicarage, Cromford. Arkwright, James C., Cromford. *Arkwright, F. C., Willersley, Cromford. Armstrong, Rev. E. P., Mackworth Vicarage, Derby. Arnold-Bemrose, H., F.G.S., Friar Gate, Derby. Atkinson, Rev. F., Darley Dale. LIST OF MEMBERS. Bagshawe, W. H. G., Ford Hall, Chapel-en-le-Frith. Bagshawe, F. Westby, The Oakes, Sheffield. Bailey, John, The Temple, Derby. Bailey, George, 32, Crompton Street, Derby. Balguy, F. Noel, Junior Carlton Club, London. Bateman, F. O. F., Breadsall Mount, Derby. Bateman, Miss, Rowditch Lodge, Derby. Beamish, Lt.-Colonel, R.E., 28, Grosvenor Road, London, S.W. Beard, Nevill, The Mount, Ashbourne, Belper, The Right Honourable Lord, Kingston Hall. Bemrose, H. H., Uttoxeter New Road, Derby. Bemrose, William, Elmhurst, Lonsdale Hill, Derby. Bennett, George, Irongate, Derby. *Bickersteth, The Very Rev. E., D.D., The Deanery, Lichfield. Blackwall, J. B. E., Biggin, Wirksworth. Bland, Wm., Duffield, Derby. Boden, Richard, 6, Grove Terrace, Osmaston Road, Derby. Boden, Walter} Abbot’s Hill, Derby. Boden, Rev. C. J., Morley Rectory, Derby. Bogonschevsky, The Baron Nicholas Cassimir de, Pskov, Russia. Bolton, Rev. R. K., Fenny Bentley, Ashbourne. Borough, John, The Cedars, Belper. Bottomley, G., 140, Uttoxeter Road, Derby. Bradbury, Wm. Laurence, 10, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, London, E.C. Brigden, Geo., Irongate, Derby. Brushfield, T. N., M.D., The Cliff, Budleigh-Salterton, Devon. Bryan, Benj., 18, Grandison Road, Clapham Common, London, S.W. Buchanan, Alexander, Wilson Street, Derby. Buckle, Alfred, 30, Sale Street, Derby. Burton, The Right Hon. The Lord, Rangemore, Burton-on-Trent. Busby, C. S. B., Duffield Road, Derby. *Cade, Chas. James, Hartington Street, Derby. *Cammell, G. H., Brookfield Manor, Hathersage. Carrington, W. Alex., Wye Cottage, Bakewell. Carter, F., Irongate, Derby. : Carulla, F. J. R., F.G.S., 84, Argyle Terrace, Rosehill, Derby Charlton, Thos. W., Chilwell Hall, Notts. Chetham Library, Manchester—J. E. Tinkler. Christian, Rev. F. W., The Vicarage, South Wingfield. Clark, G. D’Arcy, Burnaston, Derby. Clayton, Mrs., Queen Street, Derby. xl xii LIST OF MEMBERS. Clowes, Wm., Norbury, Ashburne. Cokayne, Andreas E., Bakewell. *Cokayne, G. E., F.S.A., College of Arms, London. *Coke, Colonel Talbot, Debdale, Mansfield. Coleman, Rev. W. L., Staveley. Cooling, Edwin, St. James’ Street, Derby. Cooke, Charles, Spondon. Cooper, Wm., School Board Office, Strand, Derby. Copestake, T. G., Kirk Langley. Copestake, W. G., 42, Duffield Road, Derby. Cottingham, Rev. Henry, The Vicarage, Heath. Coulson, J. B., Friar Gate, Derby. Coulson, G. M., Friar Gate, Derby. Cox, William, Brailsford. Cox, Arthur, Mill Hill, Derby. Cox, F. Walker, Priory Flatte, Breadsall, Derby. Cox, Miss, The Hall, Spondon. Crompton, J. G., The Lilies, Derby. *Cross, Robert, Bakewell. Crowther, William, Free Library, Derby. Curgenven, W.G., M.D., Friar Gate, Derby. Currey, B. S., Little Eaton Hill, Derby. Currey, Rev. R. H. S., St. Anne’s, Derby. Currey, Percy H., Little Eaton Hill, Derby. *Curzon, Nathaniel C., Lockington Hall, Derby. *Davis, Frederick, F.S.A., Palace Chambers, St. Stephen’s, Westminster. Derby, The Right Rev. The Bishop of, St, Werburgh’s, Derby. Derry, T. R., Bank House, Belper. Devonshire, His Grace The Duke of, Chatsworth. Downing, Wm., Olton, Birmingham. Dunn, C. B. Noble, The Tors, Crich, Derby. Eddowes, C. K., } St. Mary’s Gate, Derby. Eddowes, Mrs. C. K., Edwards H. V., Mackworth, Derby. Egerton, Admiral the Hon. F., Devonshire House, London. *Evans, Sir T. W., Bart., Allestree, Derby. Evans, Walter, Darley Abbey. *Eyans, John, 20, Bolton Street, Piccadilly, London. Evans, Henry, Highfields, Derby. LIST OF MEMBERS. xili Evans, Robert, Eldon Chambers, Nottingham. *Eyre, Lewis, 78, Radcliffe Gardens, Kensington, London, S.W *Fane, William Dashwood, Melbourne Hall. Fisher, Edwd., Abbotsbury, Newton Abbot, Devon. Fisher, Sydney, Ashburne Road, Derby. *Fitz-Herbert, J. K., Twynham, Bournemouth. *Fitz-Herbert, Rev. Regd. H. C., Somersal Herbert, Derby. Fletcher, Geo., Sale Street, Derby. *Foljambe, Cecil G. Savile, M.P., F.S.A., Cockglode, Ollerton, Newark. Forman, Rev. T. R., Stanley, Derby. Fox, Rev. W., The Rectory, Stanton-by-Dale. *Freer, The Venerable Archdeacon, Sudbury, Derby. Furneaux, Rev. W. M., Repton Hall, Burton-on-Trent. Furness, Geo., Roundsworth House, Willesden, London. Gallop, Joseph, Normanton Road, Derby. *Gisborne, Miss, Allestree Hall, Derby. Gisborne, T. M., Walton, Burton-on-Trent. Glossop, Chas. Henry, Sheffield and Rotherham Bank, Bakewell. Goode, Mrs. *Goodwin, F. S., Bridge House, Bakewell. Greaves, J. Handley, The Hayes, Bakewell. Greaves, Charles, LL.B., 84, Friar Gate, Derby. Green, J. Frank, Ashford, Bakewell. Greenhough, Edward, Parkfield, Willersley Road, Matlock. Greensmith, L. J., Longcliffe House, Charnwood Street, Derby. Greenwell, Geo. C., F.G.S,, Elm Tree Lodge, Duffield. Groves, Rev. C. W., Grammar School, Risley. Hambly, C. H. Burbidge, Holmside, Hazelwood, Derby. Harman, Miss Mary, Allestree Vicarage, Derby. Hartshorne, Albert, F.S.A., Bradbourne, Wirksworth. Harpur-Crewe, Lady, Spring Hill, East Cowes, I. W. *Harpur-Crewe, Hugo, Spring Hill, East Cowes, I. W. Harvey, W. M., 58, Queen’s Gate Terrace, Kensington, London, S.W. Harwood, James, Tenant Street, Derby. Haslam, Sir A. Seale, North Lees, Duffield Road, Derby. Hey, Rev. Samuel, Sawley. Hipkins, Rev. F. C., Priory, Repton. Hodges, W. H., Osmaston Road, Derby. XIV LIST OF MEMBERS. Holland, W. R., Ashbourne. Hollis, H. W., F.R.A.S., North Lodge, Darlington. Holly, Wm., Ockbrook. Holmes, Major, Makeney Lodge, Derby. Holmes, H. M., London Road, Derby. Holmes, H. M., Jun., London Road, Derby. Holmes, G. E., London Road, Derby. Hope, R. C., F.S.A., Albion Crescent, Scarborough. *Hovenden, R., Heathcote, Park Hill Road, Croydon. Howard, The Right Hon. Lord, of Glossop, Glossop Hall. Huish, Darwin, Wardwick, Derby. Hunt, J. A., The Poplars, Ockbrook, Derby. *Hunter, John, North Field, Belper. *Hurt, Albert F., Alderwasley, Derbyshire. Hurt, Miss, 46, Clifton Gardens, Maida Hill, London, W. Hyde, George, Osmaston Road, Derby. Hyde, F., 14, Osmaston Road, Derby. lliffe, W., 41, Osmaston Street, Derby. Jackson, John P., Stubben Edge, Chesterfield. *Jervis, The Hon. W. M., Quarndon, Derby. Jervis, Hon. E. S. Parker, Aston Hall, Sutton Coldfield. Jessop, W. de Burgh, Overton, Alfreton. Jeudwine, W. W., Holywell House, Chesterfield. *Jobson, Godfrey, Derwent Foundry, Derby. Johnson, E. S., Littleover Hill, Derby. Johnson, Rev. Wm., Repton. Jolley, William, Eldon Chambers, Nottingham. Jourdain, Rev. Francis, The Vicarage, Ashbourne. Keene, Richard, Irongate, Derby. Keys, John, 1, Rose Hill Street, Derby. Kirke, H., Georgetown, Demerara, West Indies. Kirkland, Capt. Walter, 23, Upperton Gardens, Eastbourne. Langdon, W., The Lawn, Belper. Leacroft, Rev. C. H., Brackenfield, Alfreton. Leader, J. D., F.S.A., Moor End, Sheffield. Ley, Francis, Manor House, Barrow-on-Trent. LIST OF MEMBERS. Lichfield, The Dean and Chapter of—Chas. Gresley, The Close, Lichfield. Livesay, Wm., M.D., Sudbury, Derby. Lomas, J., Marble Works, King Street, Derby. Madan, Rev. Nigel, West Hallam. Mallalieu, W., Swallows’ Rest, Ockbrook. Manchester Public Free Library—W. Martin, Town Hall, Manchester. Manton, J. O., Wharfedale Villa, Swinburne Street, Derby. Marples, G. J., Brincliffe Tower, Eccleshall, Sheffield. Marriott, J. C., Darley Abbey, Derby. Martin, Rev. W., St. Chad’s, Derby. McInnes, E., 19, Osmaston Road, Derby. Meakin, Miss, Spondon. Meakin, Miss M. A., Spondon. Mello, Rev. J. Magens, Mapperley, Derby. Mellor, Rev. T. Vernon, Idridgehay Vicarage, Derby. Mellor, H. Vernon, Idridgehay Vicarage, Derby, Meynell, Godfrey F., Meynell Langley, Derby. Milligan, Colonel, Cauldwell Hall, Burton-on-Trent. Milnes, Rev. Herbert, The Vicarage, Winster. Milnes, E. S., Culland Mount, Derby. Molineux, Rev. C. H., Staveley Rectory, Chesterfield. Morley, Henry, London Road, Derby. Mundy, Edward Miller, Shipley Hall. Murray, Frank, London Street, Derby. Naylor, J. R., Littleover Hill, Derby. Newdigate, Colonel F, W., West Hallam, Derby. Newmane, Madame Cavania, George Street, Derby. Newton, C. E., The Manor House, Mickleover. Nodder, Miss Jemima C., The Bourne, Ashover, Chesterfield. Norfolk, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., E.M., Arundel Castle. Oakes, T. H., Riddings House. Oakes, C. H., Holly Hurst, Riddings, Oakes, James, Holly Hurst, Riddings. Olivier, Rev. Canon Alfred, Normanton, Derby. *Paget, Joseph, Stuffynwood, Mansfield. Painter, Rev. W. Hunt, Knypersley Hall, Congleton. XV xvi LIST OF MEMBERS. Parkin, J. R., Idridgehay. Pegge, W. M., 4, Prince’s Mansions, Victoria Street, London. *Portland, His Grace the Duke of, Welbeck, Notts. Ratcliffe, Robert, Newton Park, Burton-on-Trent. Roberts, Thos., 2, Bainbrigge Road, Headingley, Leeds. Robinson, F. J., Darley Slade, Duffield Road, Derby. *Rutland, His Grace The Duke of, K.G., Belvoir Castle. Sale, W. H., The Uplands, Burton Road, Derby. Sandys, Captain H. Stair, R.N., Spondon. Sankay, W. H., Sandiacre, Derby. Scarsdale, The Right Hon. Lord, Kedleston. *Schwind, Charles, Broomfield, Derby. Seely, Charles, Sherwood Lodge, Nottingham. Shaw, Rev. G. A., Mackworth Vicarage, Derby. Shaw, John, Normanton House, Derby. Shuttleworth, John Spencer Ashton, Hathersage Hall, Sheffield. Simpson, G. K., Burlington House, Burton Road, Derby. Sing, Rev. G. H., St. John’s Vicarage, Derby. Sitwell, Sir George, Bart., F.S.A., Renishaw, Chesterfield. Slack, J. B., 10, Woburn Square, London, W.C. Sleigh, John, Eversley, Matlock. Smith, F. N., Wingfield Park, Alfreton. *Southwell, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Thurgarton Priory, Notts. Spilsbury, Rev. B. W., Findern, Derby. Statham, Geo. E., Matlock Bridge. Stephenson, M., F.S.A., 81, Parchmore Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey. Strick, Richard, Cossall Colliery, Nottingham. *Strutt, The Hon. Frederick, Milford House, Derby. Strutt, Herbert G., Makeney, Derby. Sutherland, George, Arboretum Square, Derby. Taylor, Frederick Ernest, Friar Gate, Derby. Taylor, H. Brooke, Bakewell. Taylor, A. G., St. Mary’s Gate, Derby. Tinkler, S. Derwent Street, Derby. *Thornewill, Robert, Tutbury, Burton-on-Trent. Trollope, Hon. C. W., New Bath Hotel, Matlock. Trubshaw, Chas., St. Aubyn Villa, 123, Osmaston Road, Derby. Trueman, H., The Lea, Esher, Surrey. Turbutt, W. Gladwyn, Ogston Hall, Alfreton. LIST OF MEMBERS. Xvli *Vernon, Right Hon. The Lord, Sudbury. *Walker, Sir A. B., Bart., Osmaston Manor, Derby. Walker, J., Old Uttoxeter Road, Derby. Walker, Benjamin, Spondon, Derby. Walker, William, Lea Wood, Cromford. *Walthall, H. W., Alton Manor, Wirksworth. Walton, W. H., 48, Gerard Street, Derby, Ward, Rev. H. H. E. Nelson, Church Street, Ashbourne. Ward, John, St. Peter’s Bridge, Derby. Ward, G. H., Full Street, Derby. Wardell, Stuart C., Doe Hill House, Alfreton. Waterpark, The Right Hon. Lord, Doveridge. West, Rev. Austin, Allestree Vicarage, Derby. Whiston, W. Harvey, Idridgekay. *Whitehead, S. Taylor, Burton Closes, Bakewell. Williams, J., Midland Railway, Derby, *Wilmot, Sir Henry, Bart., V.C., C.B., Chaddesden Hall. Wilmot, Rev. F. E. W., Chaddesden. Wilmot, Mrs. Edmund, Edge Hill, Derby. Wilson, Arthur, 14, Ashbourne Road, Derby. Woodforde, W. B., Breadsall Lodge, Derby. Woods, Sir Albert, Garter King-at-Arms, College of Arms, London. Woodyatt, Rev. George, Repton Vicarage. Worgan, F., Woodland Road, Derby. Worthington, W. H., Derwent Bank, Derby. *Wright, Charles, Wirksworth. York, The Most Rev. the Lord Archbishop of, Bishopsthorpe, York. XViii REPORT (:OF , “HON. (SECRETARY, in the School of Art (kindly lent by the Committee pears} §=for the occasion) on Tuesday, January 27th, 1891. The chair was taken by the Mayor of Derby (A. Seale Haslam, Esq.), ex officio Vice-President of the Society. The report for the past year, with balance sheet, was read and adopted. The Mayor, in moving the adoption of the report, referred to the benefits which the Society’s privileges conferred upon the members, and the great usefulness of its work and of its publications. He “regretted a falling-off in the illustration of the Journal, and, with a view to restoring the handsome illustration of some former years, he would like to contribute some half-dozen or dozen illustrations towards the next volume.” The officers for the year commencing were elected. The Hon. Secretary declared a vacancy on the Council by the death of Dr. Webbe, and mentioned that the Council had offered the seat to the Rev. C. H. Molineux. That gentleman having declined the offer, the Hon. Secretary now proposed that Mr. A. Seale Haslam be asked to accept the vacant seat. Mr. Bailey seconded the proposition, and the Mayor was unanimously elected. All those members of the Council retiring under Rule V.— vz., Messrs. Hartshorne, Cokayne, Ward, Naylor, J. Bailey, G. Bailey, W. Bemrose, and Borough—were re-elected, as were the Hon. Secretary, the Hon. Secretary of Finance, and the Auditors. On the motion of the Rev. Dr. Cox, the Rev. Charles Kerry and Mr. St. John Hope were elected honorary members of the Society. Dr. Greaves was nominated delegate of REPORT. x1x the Society to the Council of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Five new members of the Society were elected. The Rey. Dr. Cox exhibited and described a small but important collection of Roman and prehistoric relics, recently discovered in the Deep Dale Caves at Buxton. Mr. St. John Hope read a paper upon the ‘ Recent excavations on the site of the Romano-British city at Silchester ; and their bearing upon the civil life during the Roman occupation of Britain.” The paper was of a most valuable character, and illustrated by carefully prepared diagrams of the site of the excavations and the discoveries made. During the past year there have been five meetings of the Council, with a regular attendance of a fair proportion of the elected members, with the addition of three of the vice-presidents, whose help is always highly appreciated. The first expedition of the Society for the past year was held later than usual, on account of the visit of her Majesty the Queen to Derby in May, and took place on Saturday, June 2oth, to Croxall, Catton, and Walton-on-Trent. The party left Derby at 2.5 p.m. for Croxall, which was reached at 2.52. On arriving at the old Hall the visitors were received by the Vicar of Croxall, the Right Rev. Bishop Staley, who acted as guide, explaining and commenting upon all objects of interest. By kind permission of Mr. Levett-Prinsep, the library and room once occupied by Queen Henrietta Maria in the old Hall were inspected, together with sundry curiosities connected with the history of the house. Next a visit was paid to the Church, with its monuments and incised slabs, which latter have already formed illustrations in some of our early volumes. Finally the party was conducted round the ancient Saxon éurrh which rises from the river close to the Church. Proceeding on foot by “ Dryden’s Walk,” the visitors atrived at Catton Hall, and were received by Mrs. Anson-Horton, who showed her collection of pictures, and the site of the ancient demolished chapel, with fragment of window and Norman font, and hospitably provided tea for the party. From Catton brakes 0.4 REPORT. conveyed the party to Walton, where tea was provided in the School-room. Unfortunately, time ran short, and the visit to the Church was quite cursory ; but it is intended to revisit Walton at an early date, to enable our members to have the benefit of the Vicar, Mr. Fisher’s, promised description of a very interesting building. The return journey was made from Burton-on-Trent Station. A second expedition was held on Wednesday, August r2th, to Pentrich and Codnor Castle. The party left Derby at 10.25 a.m., arriving at Wingfield Station at 10.59, where brakes were in readiness, and the visitors drove to Pentrich Church. Here the Vicar, the Rev. W. J. Ledward, received and conducted them over the building, and read the following paper :— PENTRICH CHURCH. To those who delight in searching the remains of past days, perhaps there is no county that presents for this purpose a wider or more varied field, more filled with sacred memories and heart-stirring incidents, than our own. Derbyshire is rich in old village churches. The church in which you are assembled to-day, small and humble though it be, is full of stirring memories. It has resisted well for nearly eight hundred years the disintegrating forces of nature, and is still in excellent preservation, apparently able to weather the storms of centuries to come. It by no means follows that the date of its erection, about 1150, was the beginning of a religious edifice in this parish. It is well-known that many of our Norman churches were built on the site, and partly with the materials, of the rude Saxon building which previously existed on the spot, just as our builders in the Perpendicular period, when they added these clerestory windows, made use of the incised slabs of Norman, or perhaps Saxon, gravestones for the window sills. The study of past times is often a melancholy retrospect, but in most minds there is a desire to know what has gone before us: to discover something of our ancestry, our race, our country, and, above all, our religion, and though our parish church, and the traditions that cling to it, give us no certain clue to what took place here before the Conquest, we know that long before the Saxons drove the ancient inhabitants into Wales and Cornwall, the Christian religion had been established and continued for 300 to 400 years, for the testimony of Gildas proves that there had been numerous churches all over Roman Britain, and we know from church history that ¢vee British bishops were present at the Council REPORT. Xxi of Arles, in the year of our Lord 359. But though Pentrich cannot show any remains of a British Church, it possesses relics of that early period in the materials (scattered over an adjoining field) of a portion of the ancient road called Icknield Street, made by the Romans nearly 2,000 years ago, evidently from water-worn stones from the bed of the river Derwent. The Church of Pentrich is dedicated to S. Matthew, a vacant niche over the porch must once have. contained a representation of the patron saint, which was most probably removed in Puritan times, also the ornamental stone cross at the end of the chancel roof, of which the =a socket still remains. The style of architecture, you will have observed, is chiefly Norman. A striking feature is the beauty of the arcade of pillars and arches, which is much admired. Of the next two styles, the Early English and the Decorated (I borrow this from Mr. Cox’s ‘‘ Churches of Derbyshire ’’) no traces are found, but the whole church, he remarks, seems to have been renovated and enlarged in the Perpendicular period, about the year 1430. The design of the east window is said to be unique, and worthy of attention. The old stained glass was probably removed at one of the restorations. The new, which is well worth inspection from its being thoroughly artistic, especially that in the south aisle, which is greatly admired, was designed and executed by M. Capronnier, of Brussels. The tower, side aisles, porch, and nave are embattled, which gives the church a castellated appearance, symbolic doubtless of the spiritual nature of Christ’s Church, militant here on earth. A tradition exists that in olden times there used to be a house of religion attached to this church, remains of which have sometimes been found in digging graves on the north side of the church, but nothing exists of it above ground. The font is considered to be as arcient as the church, 1150. It was found about 35 years ago in the cellar of a former churchwarden, and put to the use of salting beef. It is supposed to have been originally built into one of the pillars of the nave. The pedestal, which is of later construction and design, bears the date of 1662. There are five bells in the tower, three of which are of ancient date ; one of them has the inscription ‘“‘Ave Maria gratia plena,” round the others is a handsome border of flowers and eae bearing in one place the name ‘‘ Jesus ” in old characters. The earliest register contains the declaration insisted upon by the Parliament in the time of Cromwell, when all beneficed clergymen were compelled to sig an agreement to conform to Presbyterian practices, or resign their livings. One hundred and eighty signatures follow, consisting mostly of marks, very few being able to sign their names. XXxil REPORT. The fearful pestilence of the fourteenth century, called the Black Death, which devastated the whole of Europe, reached Derbyshire in May, 1349, This county suffered severely from it. Seventy-seven beneficed clergymen of Derbyshire died in that one dread period, and three successive vicars of Pentrich all died in the same fatal year. It is mentioned in Dugdale’s ‘‘ Monasticon,” that on the foundation of Darley Abbey, 1175, this church, with a considerable number of other Derbyshire churches, was bestowed upon that establishment, The gift consisted of the advowson of the rectory of Pentrich only, but before long the Abbey of Darley had appropriated the great tithes, which to this day the church has never regained. At that early date the Parish of Pentrich consisted mostly of forest. The pannage of the forest for 40 pigs was given to Darley Abbey and confirmed by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Lord of the Manor had also granted a portion of the lands of Pentrich to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, who possessed a chapel at Waingriff in this parish. Disagreements very soon arose between the Knights and the Abbey about the number of swine to be turned into the woods, and a lawsuit decided that the Knights’ claim should be limited to 20 swine and no goats. In connection with this affair, the wood in question is described as being bounded on the one side by the Camp of Pentrich, referring doubtless to the Roman Camp that used to be at Pentrich ; the half-way station on the Icknield Street between Little Chester and Chesterfield. ‘¢ Abbots and monks,” says Fuller in his Church History, ‘‘ were notoriously covetous ; not only did they appropriate to their convents glebes and tithes of churches, leaving but a poor pittance to the parish vicar, but they engrossed trade, and became brewers, farmers, tanners, and kept these trades and others besides in their own hands.”’ It appears that at Pentrich they were ironmasters in the thirteenth century, for in one of the Darley Abbey documents it is stated that Hugh Fitzpiers, of Ulkerthorp, releases the Abbey from all damage from burning the wood of Pentrich, and for making of iron mines within the same wood. At the dissolution of monasteries, the lands held by Darley at Pentrich and Ripley fell to the Crown, and were granted to a family of the name of Zouch of Codnor, from whence they passed to the Cavendishes. In the year 1552, in the sixth year of the reign of Edward VI., the Com- missioners appointed to take inventories of Church goods found in Pentrich Church the following :— 1 Chalyce parcell gylte. 3 Corporas cases, 3 Parcells for albs. 1 Cope of red silk of colour with flowers. 1 Vestement of the same. 1 Vestement of red sattyn. REPORT. XXlii Old cope of twyll with an olde vestment of the same. Albs. Altar cloths, Surplices. “= NN ND mw Cross of brass plate. _ Pyx of latyn. Pair of censers. Hand bell. Bells in the steepyl. Candlesticks of pewter. Sacryng bell. Cruett. Old towel. Byble. Paraphrase of Erasmus. Booke of the Comon Praer, This Church of Pentrich was for 365 years under the rule of the Abbots of Darley, and therefore subject to the influence of the Papal power, but since the dissolution of monasteries, in the order of God’s providence, it has reverted to its original status, with the exception of the great tithes, which still remain NR GO = om ~ on el — impropriated. The foreign element is gone; abbots and monks no longer step in to alienate the people from their parish Priest. The old order remains—the Church as originally constituted, with its threefold ministry of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons. The pure and simple faith of our Reformed Church is taught the people, and the Gospel is preached as in those early days of the Saxon Church here in Mercia, which owed its conversion from Paganism to the missionaries of Iona, by whose labours the half of Eng!and was evangeliz and a great portion of Northern Europe as well. For it has been ascertained that it is notably the Celtic element that prevails after the lapse of 1,000 years in our English Christianity, and our Church owes more than is generally known to the pure faith, the spirit of poverty, and missionary labours of Columba of Iona, and through him to Patrick, the great apostle of Ireland, from whom the Church of Iona and Lindisfarn received its doctrine and ecclesiastical customs, The drive was continued to Ripley, where luncheon was taken at the “Cock,” after which the party drove on to Codnor Castle, and were received by Mr. F. C. Corfield the Butterley Company having given every facility for inspecting the ruins. The Rev. Chas. Kerry, who has taken infinite pains to search into the past XXIV REPORT. history of the castle, gave the result of his labours in the valuable paper which appears in another part of this volume. After examining the ruins, the visitors adjourned to the house of Mr. F. C. Corfield, and viewed some beautifully preserved oak panelling, believed to have belonged originally to Codnor Castle. ‘The party drove back to tea at the ‘‘ Peacock,” Oakerthorpe, and returned to Derby from Wingfield Station, the Midland Railway Company kindly permitting a fast train to stop for their convenience. The hopelessly unpropitious state of the autumn weather prevented any later expedition being arranged. Your Hon. Secretary may, perhaps, be permitted to remark that the number of members who join the expeditions has not been what it ought for the past two seasons. We are constantly asked, ‘‘When is there to be another expedition ?’’ but when the expedi- tion has been planned—at no inconsiderable cost of time and trouble — there results a conspicuous non-attendance, not encouraging to further effort. At its first meeting of the past year, your Council was deeply grieved to receive a letter from the Rev. Dr. Cox, resigning the editorship of our Journal. Dr. Cox was suffering from pressure of over-work, and found himself compelled to relinquish work which came upon him at his busiest time. Finding the decision to be quite final, your Council expressed to Dr. Cox the profound regret with which his resignation had been received, and the grati- tude felt for all his invaluable assistance in the past, the Council feeling convinced that every member of the Society would wish such expression to be conveyed to Dr. Cox. A special Council meeting was summoned to appoint a new editor, and by unanimous consent the post was offered to the Rev. Chas. Kerry. Mr. Kerry accepted the office, and the present volume is issued under his editorship. Your Council trusts that this meeting will approve and endorse its action in the matter. Your Hon. Secretary attended, as delegate appointed by your Council, the Third Congress of Archzeological Societies in union with the Society of Antiquaries held in London on July 23rd. Members will be glad to know that this Congress seems to supply REPORT. XXV a long-felt want in bringing the various county societies into closer communication one with another, and in promoting systematic research. The archeological survey of England is a work the Congress is very anxious to see completed, and your Council will be very glad to hear of any member willing to undertake the county of Derby. The work at Rains Cave has been completed since our last anniversary; thanks to the skilled labour of Mr. Ward, ably supplemented by the hearty co-operation of the two young Rains, the cave and its contents have undergone a searching examination. Accurate details of the work done will be found described in Mr. Ward’s exhaustive paper, which appears in another part of this volume, and from this it will be seen that whilst the results are of a very interesting character, and fully justifying the decision to undertake the examination, still they are not, archzologically, of sufficient value and importance to make any further work likely to prove remunerative or wise. All expenses incurred in this matter have been defrayed by private subscription, and the Society’s funds have been in no way taxed. The very hearty thanks of the Society are due to Mr. Ward and his fellow-labourers for the thorough manner in which they have carried out this work in the interests of our Society. Special thanks are also due to Professor Boyd Dawkins for his invaluable help in the classification of the bones. During the past year the attention of your Vigilance Committee has been called to several instances of Church restoration or alteration ; advice has been solicited, and, of course, willingly given, and we have reason to believe with satisfactory results. In archeology, as in every other subject, good advice is sometimes treated with scorn, but there is every reason to hope that a more true spirit of preservation is abroad, and that the opinion and approval of this Society is not, as a rule, regarded with indifference. Just before the close of the past year the Society suffered a severe loss in the death of its President, the Duke of Devonshire. When the idea of forming a Derbyshire Archeological Society XXVi REPORT. was mooted in 1876, the Duke of Devonshire was amongst the very first to be consulted. His Grace received the suggestion most cordially, and took great interest in the formation of the Society. He at once promised to become an annual subscriber, and consented to accept the office of President. During the fourteen years of our Society’s existence the Duke’s interest in the progress and work of the Society has never flagged ; his annual subscription was invariably paid to date (a business-like habit which might with advantage be more universally emulated); and no appeal for any extra funds towards the cost of some special work undertaken by the Society was ever made without a prompt and cordial response from the President; at the same time the Duke was never indifferent to the work of the Society, and to the last felt and showed a keen and kindly interest in all we did. It is with the most profound regret, shared, we feel sure, by every one of our members, that your Council to-day mourns the death of its President, the Duke of Devonshire. Assured that it would be the wish of all our members, your Council has addressed a letter to the late Duke's family, sympathising with their irreparable loss, and expressing the deeply felt regret of the Derbyshire Archzo- logical and Natural History Society. It was obviously right that the name of our new President should be announced at this, our anniversary meeting, and the Council met on January rst mainly to consider this question. Your Council were unanimously agreed that the office of President of this Society should be offered for the acceptance of the Duke of Rutland, K.G., whose close connection with the county and well-known real interest in archeological matters fit him pre- eminently for the post. In reply to the letter from the Council, the Duke of Rutland consents most cordially to accept the office of President, and it only remains for this meeting to give, what we feel sure it will be most ready to give, an emphatic approval of the election of his Grace the Duke of Rutland, K.G., as President of our Society. One of our vice-presidents has recently obtained high ecclesias- tical preferment : Dr. Maclagan has been translated from Lichfield REPORT. XXVil to the Archiepiscopal See of York. We sincerely congratulate his Grace, and hope that his removal from our neighbourhood will not sever his connection with our Society, or lessen his interest in our work. Another vice-president, the Archdeacon of Derby, has been removed from us by death. Dr. Balston was one of our original members, and one who always kept in touch with our proceedings ; he has presided for us, and addressed our meetings, and always came amongst us when he was able. His kindly feeling towards our Society was very sincere, and we deeply deplore his loss. Death this year has not thinned the ranks of our Council, and those of our ordinary members by three only. This is the smallest death-rate we have had to record. The Editor wishes to say that he will be very much obliged to members who, possessing the knowledge, will endeavour to place him in communication with any who are able to elucidate our county history. All contributions should be sent in by October rst. In the present volume we are deeply indebted to Sir Alfred Seale Haslam for his generous gift of the five illustrations of Codnor Castle. It is much to be wished that an illustration fund should be set on foot, by means of which we might be able to afford plates to papers whose authors are not ina position to give them. This question will occupy the attention of your Council at an early date. The Secretary of the Sectional Committee for Natural History reports that the committee has met twice during the past year. A meeting was held on May 13th, when a Paper by Rev. W. H. Painter (author of ‘The Flora of Derbyshire ’’) was read, entitled —‘* Botanical Notes on a Walk from Buxton to Miller’s Dale, in June, 1890.” The paper was very fully illustrated by a collection of Botanical specimens. On the following Monday, May 18th, Rev. W. H. Painter led a Botanical Excursion from Uttoxeter through Doveridge and Sudbury to Tutbury. Luncheon was provided at the Vernon Arms, Sudbury. A large party accompanied Mr. Painter, and the excursion proved very enjoyable. XXVill REPORT. The Section was represented at the Annual Conference of the Midland Union of Natural History Societies by its Chairman, H. Arnold-Bemrose, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. The Conference was held at Dudley, on Tuesday and Wednesday, Oct. 13th and r4th, 1891. The Midland Union is anxious to visit Derby, and the Committee hope to be able to arrange for this visit either next or the following year. The accompanying Balance Sheet is not all that could be desired ; the chief defect appears to be the non-payment of a good many annual subscriptions. If members will kindly bear this in mind when they receive, as many shortly will, notice of arrears, the matter will be set straight, and your Council will have no further cause to be other than satisfied with the results of the fourteenth year of our proceedings. ARTHUR COX, Mill Fill, Derby, Hon. Src. January 17th, 1892. XXIX BALANCE SHEET, ‘c6gI ‘AUVONV[ Hg “ag souvuly “UoH] “NATIVITIVW “MM ‘Z6QI ‘AUVONV[ HUII ASOUNAL WVITIIM NOSTNOO ‘sd SAN VS "7Ia440) punof pun paurunxy ‘sroupny{ « Oo SI 9gzF fe} SI 99 FORO e ee ree Fe Cee e eee tesereeeeee eae Petree eee eee *aouvleg tee eee eee (4) 1691 ‘soo aourdUq © 0 o§ ‘quad sod $F je ‘op ‘op ‘od (I) 16g1 ‘uontsodmog ayy re) re) oLltI eee eee eee eee eee ey *JUuU99 qod v ye So] ey Seeman een es sor eseeeeses sr eeeeeesse ser seeseeees o6gI 9s1€ uorjeiodiog Aqiaq uo sesvSjr0~y ut pajsoauy ‘29d 0} soaq sduRIJUq pue suoNisodwog oayrT ps pay “LNOQOOOV LNAWLSAANI z 9 of1F ze 9 of1F OTA Op as sregcuares steers JUNODDY UM*IP-19AC UO 4so19}UT 0 O EF teeteteetees sete > eeeececsseerensencsens sosuodxq 19419 ZLzui 16gI ‘}s1€ ‘aq ‘sreyuLg 0} anp oueleg ¢ ¢ 54 whee eee wees w01}29S AXO}SIPY Teanje ny jo sosuodxq 8 9 8 Peete renee ener ee seereseesenenee s]U9WSOAUT uo jso19}Uy Mile yeks ey gee Arsuone}S pur Sunumg Oo 611 saidop punog pur seusnof jo ayes fe) fo) oz Ce me i er jeurnof Suijipy fe) TI ZOT Oe tet teccececees PAPO eee eee eee eeeeeene suol} Oo & of *** sasuadxg jeumof Jayj0 pue sour Sunoenxy - -duosqng pur ‘suortsodwog ary ‘seaq souvsjuq oO fe) L6 eee ee eee eee eee ee sete wee euinof{ Sulu II 9 ZI Set wees “0681 9s1f¢ 09q ‘pury ur aourleg “pe SF aa Se “AAA LIGNGAX | *SLdIGOaY ‘LNNOOOV TIWYHANAD ‘16gl ‘“YAAWAOAA Isi€ OL SLNNOOOV AO LNAWALVLS “ALHIOOS AYOLSIH TVYOLVYN GNY IVOIDOIOWHDODUV AYIHSAGUAGC . 7 ; 4 ¥ - L P ‘ . 7 * ; = a - ¥ \g - - . fe 3% o a ; 7 <8 Pk : ERBYSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NATURAL History SOciery. a A Calendar of the Fines for the County of Derby, from thet conumencement tv the reign of Richard f. Abstracted by Messrs. Harpy and Pace, 22, Old Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn. [Continued from Vol. XIIL., p. 31.) 1297. Westminster. Within 15 days of S. Hilary, 25 Edward I. Jan. 13—29. Between Adam, son of Robert de Weston, senior, Plaintiff, and John de Weston and Alicia, his wife, Defendants. Acknowledgement, on a plea of warranty of charter, by the Defendants, that one messuage with appurtenances in DERBY is the right of the Plaintiff. And grant thereupon by Plaintiff to the Defendants of the premises. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Noy. 11—25. Westminster. Within 15 days of S. Michael, 25 Edward I. Between William de Tiscinton and Joan, his wife, Plaintiffs, and Robert Fraunceys and Matilda, his wife, Deforciants. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, and in consideration of 10 pounds sterling, by the Deforciants, that one messuage and one oxgang of land in MIDELTON JUXTA WYRKESWORTH are the right of the same William. To hold to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same William of the chief lords of that fee, for ever. VOL, XIV. I 2 CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 1298. Westminster. On the morrow of the Purification of the Blessed Feb. 3. Mary, 26 Edward I. Between Suettus de Aston, Plaintiff, and Thomas le Power, of Spondon, and Joan, his wife, Defendants. Acknowledgement, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in con- sideration of 20 pounds sterling, by the Defendants, that one messuage and one virgate of land in AYLWESTON are the right of the Plaintiff. To hold of the chief lords of that fee for ever. 1299. York. Within the octaves of S. Michael, 27 Edward I. Sept. 29—Oct. 6. Between Walter de Langetan, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and Robert, his brother, Plaintiff, and Adam de Aylesbur, Defendant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 100 pounds sterling, by the Defendant, that 26 messuages, I0 tofts, 8 carucates, 50 acres meadow, 100 acres of wood, 200 acres of pasture, and 10 pounds rent, with appurtenances in WYRKESWORTH, MIDDELTON, HOPTON, KERSING- TON, and CALDELOWE-—as in homages and services of the free men and villeins and those holding villeinages and their sequels, in meadows, feedings, pastures, rents, reliefs, escheats, and all other things to the aforesaid tenements pertaining, to wit, whatsoever the Defendant before had in the aforesaid vills, as in demesne and service, on the day this agreement was made, without any reservation—are the right of the Plaintiffs. To hold to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same Bishop, of the chief lords of that fee for ever. Endorsed :—Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and William de Tissinton, put in their claim. Sep. 29—Oct. 13. York. Within 15 days of S. Michael, 27 Edward I. Between William de Bredon, /P/aintif7, and William, son of William son of Roger de Chelardeston and Joan, his wife, Defendanis. Acknowledgement, ona plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 100 marks of silver, by the Defendants, that 2 messuages, one oxgang and a half, and 6 acres of land, 6 shillings rent, and the moiety of one acre of meadow, with appurtenances in CHELARDFSTON and OSMUNDESTON, are the right of the Plaintiff. To hold to the Plaintiff and his heirs of the chief lords of that fee for ever. CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 3 1300. York. Within the octaves of S. Hilary, 28 Edward I. Jan. 13—20. Between Geoffrey, son of Geoffrey le Sowere, Plaintiff, and Andrew, son of Robert de Spondon, and Amice, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 20s. of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage and 2 oxgangs of land, with appurtenances (except one acre of meadow), in BOLTON and ALWASTON. To hold of the chief lords of that fee. Jan. 13—20. York. Within the octaves of S. Hilary, 28 Edward I. Between Thomas de Pylcote, Plaintiff, by Roger de Schirlegh, his attorney, and John de Pylcote, Deforczant, by John de Slope, his attorney. Grant, on a plea of covenant, and in consideration of 20 marks of silver, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage, 90 acres of land, 6 acres of meadow, and 3s. 10d. rent, with appurtenances in SCROPTON and HATTON. To hold of the chief lords of that fee. Jan. 13—29. York. Within 15 days of S. Hilary, 28 Edward I. Between Robert Beaufoy, of Trusselegh, Plaintiff, and John de Loiak and Alice, his wife, Deforciants. Grant, on a plea of covenant, and in consideration of 10 pounds sterling, by the Deforciants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage and 2 oxgangs of land, with appurtenances in ATHELASTRE. To hold of the chief lords of that fee. Jan. 13—29. York. Within 15 days of S. Hilary, 28 Edward I. Between Robert Abel, of Eton, Plaintiff, and William Gregori and Margaret, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 10 marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of 2s, rent and the third part of one mill, with ‘appurtenances, in TYKENHALE. To hold of the chief lords of that fee. April 1o—30. York. Within three weeks of Easter, 28 Edward I. Between Reginald de Assheburn, clerk, Plaintiff, and John de Bek, Deforciant. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 50/2. ster- ling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of 4 Sept. 29 Nov. 12. Noy. 12. CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 2 messuages, 4 mills, 5 carucates of land, 28 acres of meadow, 110 acres of pasture, 20s. 8d. rent and the rent of 34 pounds of cumin seed and 2 pounds of pepper, with appurtenances, in SWERKESTON and HULTON, and the advowson. of the Church of SWERKES- TON, to hold of the chief lords of the fee. —Oct. 19. York. Within 3 weeks of S. Michael, 28 Edward I. Between William de Parva Langesden, Plazntzff, and Margaret, who was the wife of Henry Foleyaumbe de Wormenhull, Deforciant, by William Coterel, her attorney. Acknowledgement, by the Plaintiff to the Deforciant, and grant thereupon by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and Lucy his wife, of I messuage, I carucate of land, 30s. rent, and the moiety of 1 mill with appurtenances, in PARVA LANGESDON, MORNES- HALE, and BRIGHTTRESFELD. To hold to the Plaintiff and Lucy, his wife, and the heirs of the Plaintiff begotten on the body of the said Lucy for ever, at the rent of one rose at the feast of the Nativity of S. John the Baptist. And if the Plaintiff die without issue, the premises to revert to the Deforciant and her heirs. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. York. On the morrow of S. Martin, 28 Edward I. Between William de Monte Gomeri, the elder, Plazzdiff, by Thomas Totere, his attorney, and Agnes, daughter of William de Ireland Deforciant, by William de Grendon, her attorney. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20/7. ster- ling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of 2 messuages, 46 acres of land, 200 acres of meadow, with appur- tenances, in MARCHINTON and GOMERSALE. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. York. On the morrow of S. Martin, 28 Edward I. Between William de Grendon and Walter, his brother, and Dionisia, sister of the same Walter, by William de Grendon, guardian of the same Walter and Dionisia [Plazztzfs], and William de Monte Gomeri, the elder, Deforczant, by Thomas le Totere, his attorney. Grant, on a plea of covenant, by the Deforciant to the said William de Grendon and the heirs of his body, of 1 messuage, -2 tofts, 100 acres of land, and 3 rods of meadow, with appurtenances, in SNELLESTON. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. And if it happen that the aforesaid William de Grendon die without 1301. CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 5 heirs of his body, after his decease the aforesaid tenements shall wholly remain to the same Walter and the heirs of his body. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. And if it happen that the afore- said Walter die without heirs of his body, after his decease the aforesaid tenements shall wholly remain to the aforesaid Dionisia and her heirs, quit of the heirs of the aforesaid William de Grendon and Walter. To hold of the chief lords of the fee for ever. Endorsed :—Thomas Brun de Lund’, Thomas Kede de Boterwyk, and Geoffrey Lauweman put in their claim. And Henry, son of Herbert, Roger, son of John de Rothington, Henry de Rolleston and Margery, his wife, put in their claim, etc. York. Within the octaves of S. Hilary, 29 Edward I. Jan. 13—20. Between Walter, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, Plazntif, and William de Tissyngton and Joan, his wife, Deforctants. Acknowledgenient, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 100 marks of silver, by the Deforciant that 3 messuages, I oxgang, 23 acres of land, 200 acres of wood, 200 acres of furze, and 2s. rent, with appurtenances, in WIRKISWORTH and MIDDELTON, are the right of the Plaintiff. To hold to the Plaintiff and his heirs of the chief lords of the fee for ever. Jan. 13—29. York. Within 15 days of S. Hilary, 29 Edward I. Feb. 3. Between John, son of Robert Underwode, and Emma, his wife, Plaintiffs, and Henry, son of Robert de Thuathwait, Deforciant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of Io marks of silver, by the Deforciant, that 1 messuage, 3 oxgangs of land, 6s. 4d. rent, with appurtenances, in WYNGERWURTH are the right of the said Emma. To hold to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same Emma of the chief lords of the fee for ever, York. On the morrow of the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 29 Edward I. Between Stephen le Heyr (Zyre) de Cestrefeld, Plazntiff, and Adam de Staneley and Cassandra, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of 10 marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff of I messuage, 44 acres of land, and tod. rent, with appurtenances in BARLEBURGH and WHYTEWELL. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. 6 CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. Feb. 3. York. On the morrow of the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 29 Edward I. Between William de Tissington and Joan, his wife, Plazzézffs, and Roger de Bradeburn, Deforczant. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20 marks of silver, by the Plaintiff to the Deforciant, of one messuage, 60 acres of land, 8 acres of meadow, with appurtenances, in WYNLEY. To hold to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same William of the chief lords of the fee for ever. April 2—22. York. Within 3 weeks of Easter, 29 Edward I. Between Emma Hamund, Plaznizff,; and Geoffrey de Wodecotes and Lecia, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of 100 shillings of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and her heirs for ever, of one messuage and 4 acres of land in WELESLEYE. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. April 2—May 1. York. Within one month of Easter, 29 Edward I. Between Simon, son of William Puger of Wylesthorp, Plaintiff, and William Puger of Wylesthorp, Deforczant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, by the Plaintiff to the Deforciant, and grant thereupon by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff of 8 messuages, 70 acres and 2 oxgangs and a half of land, with appurtenances, in WYLESTHORP, BREIDESTON, and RISELEYE. To hold to the Plaintiff and the heirs of his body of the Deforciant and his heirs for ever, at the rent of one rose at the feast of S. John the Baptist. And if it happen that the Plain- tiff die without heirs of his body, then after his decease the premises to revert to the Deforciant and his heirs quit of the other heirs of the Plaintiff. April 2—May 1. York. Within one month of Easter, 29 Edward I. Between Ralph de Freschevill, P/azz¢if, and Alexander de la Le, Deforciant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20 marks of silver, by the Deforciant, that 8s. 6d. rent with appur- tenances in LA LE JUXTA DETHEK are the right of the Plaintiff. To hold to the Plaintiff and his heirs of the chief lords of the fee for ever. June 24—July 1. York. Within the octaves of S. John the Baptist, 29 Edward I. CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. i Between Henry, son of Robert de Weston, Plaintiff, and Nicholas Wyldegos of BRIDESHALE, and Isolda, his wife, De- fendants. ‘ Grant, in a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of 100 shillings of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs, of one messuage and to acres of land in WESTON UNDER- WODE, and MUGYNTON. Sept. 29—Oct. 19. York. Within 3 weeks of S. Michael, 29 Edward I. Between John, son of Ralph de Caltone, Plaintiff, and Hugh, son of Henry de Northwode and Matilda, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of 10%. sterling, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of one messuage and Io acres of land in CHATTES- WORTH. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Nov. 3. York. On the morrow of All Souls, 29 Edward I. Between William, son of William de Bredon, Plaintiff, and William, son of William son of Roger de Chelardeston, and Joan, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of ° Io pounds sterling, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one oxgang and a half of land, and 2 acres of meadow 6 shillings rent, and the moiety of one messuage in CHELARDES- TON. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Nov. 11—18. York. Within the octaves of S. Martin, 29 Edward I. Between Reginald, son of Thomas de Caldewelle, Plaintiff, and Richard de Caldewelle, Deforciant. Grant, on a plea of covenant, by the Plaintiff to the Deforciant, of one messuage and the moiety of one virgate of land in CALDE- WELL. To hold to the Deforciant, of the Plaintiff and his heirs, all the life of the Deforciant, at the rent of one rose at the Nativity of S. John the Baptist, and doing all other services to the chief lord of the fee. And after the decease of the Deforciant, the premises shall wholly revert to the Plaintiff and his heirs, quit of the heirs of the Deforciant for ever. Nov. 12. York. On the morrow of S. Martin, 29 Edward I. Between William de Thurleby, parson of the church of SKELD- INGHOPE, Plaintiff, by John de Staunford, his attorney, and Ranulph de Ry, Defendant, by Robert de Surflete, his attorney. 8 CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of Ioo pounds sterling, by the Defendant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of the Manor of WHYTE WELLE and the advowson of the church of the same vill. To hold of the chief lords of that fee. Nov 12. York. On the morrow of S. Martin, 29 Edward I. Between John de Segrave, the elder, Plaintiff, by John Bartolf, his attorney, and Alice, daughter of William de Wlwardecote, Defendant. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 30H. sterling, by the Plaintiff to the Defendant and his heirs for ever, of one messuage, one carucate of land, and 5 acres of wood in WLWARDECOTE. 1302. York. Within the octaves of S. Hilary, 30 Edward I. Jan. 13—20. Between Nicholas, son of Richard de Hopton, Plaintiff, and William de Carliolo, of Spondon, and Cecilia, his wife, Deforciants. Grant, on a plea of covenant, and in consideration of 8 marks of silver, by the Deforciants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one toft and one oxgang of land, in KERSINTON. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Jan. 13—29. York. Within 15 days of S. Hilary, 30 Edward I. Between Thomas, son of Roger le Charpenter, of Cheilmerdon, Plaintiff, by William de Benteleye, his attorney, and Richard del Kirkyerd, of Cheilmerdon, Deforctant, by Roger, son of Henry Lombard, his attorney. Grant, on a plea of covenant, and in consideration of 10 marks of silver, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage and 4 acres of Jand, in CHEILMERDON. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Feb. 2—9. York. Within the octaves of the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 30 Edward I. Between Cristiana, who was the wife of Nicholas de Meynill, Plaintiff, and Richard de Furneus and Sibilla, his wife, Tenants. Acknowledgement by the Plaintiff that 15 tofts, 15 oxgangs of land, 26 acres of meadow, 8 acres of wood, 47s. rent, two parts of one messuage, and a third part of one mill, with appurtenances, in BEGHTON JUXTA EKYNTON, are the right of the CALENDAR. OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 9 Tenants ; and thereupon the Tenants for themselves and the heirs of the same Richard grant that they will render yearly to the Plaintiff, all the life of the Plaintiff, 10 marks; one moiety at Pentecost, and the other moiety at the feast of S. Martin, in winter. (Clause for distraint in case of non-payment of the said rent), and after the decease of the Plaintiff, the Tenants and the heirs of the same Richard shall be quit of the aforesaid payment for ever. Lndorsed:—Nicholas,son of Nicholas de Meynill, puts in his claim. April 22—May 21. York. Within one month of Easter, 30 Edward I. Between Ranulph de Ry and Cristiana, his wife, Plaintiffs, and William de Thurleby, parson of the church of Skeldinghope, Deforciant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, by the Plaintiffs to the Deforciant, and grant thereupon by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff of the manor of WHITEWELL, with appurtenances, and the advowson of the Church of the same manor, To hold to the Plaintiffs, and the heirs of the same Ranulph begotten on the body of the same Cristiana, of the chief lords of the fee for ever. And if it happen that the same Ranulph should die without heirs begotten on the body of the same Cristiana, then the premises shall wholly remain to the right heirs of the same Ranulph. April 22—May 21. York. Within one month of Easter, 30 Edward I. Between John, son of William de Hanneley, Plaintiff, and William de Chelardeston and Joan, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 10/2. sterling, by the Defendant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage and 39 acres of land, with appurtenances in HANNELEY JUXTA STANELEY.+ To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Nov. 3. York. On the morrow of All Souls, 30 Edward I. Between Hugh Orm, of Irton, Plaintiff, and William, son of Adam le Mayler, of Thurnaston, and Matilda, his wife, Deforciants, Grant, on a plea of covenant, and in consideration of 10/2. sterling, by the Deforciants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage, one oxgang of land, and the moiety of one acre Tt ? Staveley.—Ep. sie) CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. of meadow, in OURE IRTON. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Warranty by the Deforciants and the heirs of the same Matilda. 1303. York. In the octaves of S. Hilary, 31 Edward I. Jan. 13—20. Between Henry de Hopton, Plaintiff, and William le Foun and Alice, his wife, William de Wynefeld and Elena, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 1o marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of 59 acres of land in ALREWASLEGH. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. - Jan. 13—20. York. Within the octaves of S. Hilary, 31 Edward I. Between Robert de Makworth and Agnes, his wife, Plazntzffs, and Walter de Wynefeld and Elena, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 10 marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiffs, and the heirs of the same Robert for ever, of one messuage and 4} acres of land in MATLOK. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Jan. 13—20. York. Within the octaves of S. Hilary, 31 Edward 1. Between Ralph de Lathebury, /Vazn/iff, by John de Sewell, his attorney, and Ralph Pyppard, Deforctant, by Roger de Neuport, his attorney. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 100d. sterling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of one messuage, 360 acres of land, 40 acres of meadow, 43s. rent, and the fourth part of one mill, in EGYNGTON, AMBOLDES- TON, ETEWELL, PETLOK, FYNDERNE, HOLEBROKES, and HETHOUSES. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. May 17. York. On the morrow of the Ascension of our Lord, 31 Edward I. Between Henry, son of Henry de la Chambre of Bynigton, Plaintiff, and William de Monte Alto of Croxhale, Deforciant. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20/7, sterling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of one messuage, one toft, and 5 oxgangs of land, in CROXHALE, To hold of the chief lords of the fee. mdorsed :—And William de Curchun (Czzox) puts in his claim, ete. CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. LE June 2—9. York. Within the octaves of Holy Trinity, 31 Edward I. Between Richard Danyel and Joan, his wife, Pla‘ntiffs, and Hugh, son of Roger de Tydeswell, Deforcéant. Acknowledgement by the Deforciant to the same Richard, and grant thereupon by the same Richard to the Deforciant, of one messuage and 26 acres of land in TYDESWELL. To hold during the life of the Deforciant at the rent of one rose at the feast of the Nativity of S. John the Baptist. And after the decease of the Deforciant the aforesaid tenements shall wholly revert to the Plain- tiffs and the heirs of Richard, quit of the heirs of the Deforciant. To hold of the chief lords of the fee for ever. Andorsed :—-And John, son of Robert de Tiddeswell, puts in his claim. June 24—July 1. York. Within the octaves of 5. John the Baptist, 31 Edward I. Between Richard Lauerok, of Derby, and Emma, his wife, Plain- tiff, and Geoffrey de Hemington and Isolda, his wife, Zezants. Acknowledgement, in consideration of 1o/z. sterling, by the Plaintiffs that one messuage in DERBY is the right of the same Geoffrey, and that they remised for themselves and the heirs of the same Emma, to the Tenants and the heirs of the same Geoffrey for ever. June 25. York. On the morrow of S. John the Baptist, 31 Edward I. June 25. Between Sarra, daughter of Nicholas, son of Stephen de Algarthorp, Plaintiff, and Nicholas, son of Stephen de Algarthorp, Defendant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of warranty of charter, by the Defendant to the Plaintiff, and grant thereupon by the Plaintiff to the Defendant of one messuage, 85 acres of land, 7 acres of meadow, 5 acres of wood, and 6s. 5d. rent, in ALGARTHORP, HULM, BRAMPTON, LINACRE, and CESTREFELD. To hold of the Plaintiff and her heirs all the life of the Defendant, at the yearly rent of one rose at the feast of S. John the Baptist, and rendering all other services to the chief lord of the fee. And after the decease of the Defendant, the aforesaid tenements shall wholly revert to the Plaintiff and her heirs, quit of the heirs of the Defendant. York. On the morrow of S. Jolin the Baptist, 31 Edward I. Between Henry de Hamelton, Pla/ntif7, and John, son of Nicholas de Chelmerden, and Beatrice, his wife, Defendants. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of 12 CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 20 marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of one messuage, 9 acres of land, one acre and 3 roods of meadow, one acre of wood, in COLLEYE, WEDYNSLEYE, and DERLEYE. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Nov. 11—18. York. Within the octaves of S. Martin, 31 Edward T. Between Emma, daughter of Richard, son of Nicholas de Mackeworth, and Cecilia, sister of the same Emma, Plazztiffs, and Richard, son of Nicholas de Mackeworth, Deforczant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, by the Deforciant that one messuage, 2 oxgangs and 3 acres of land, and one acre of meadow, in MACKEWORTH, are the right of Emma, as those which the Plaintiffs have of the gift of the Deforciant. To hold of the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same Emma, all the life of the Deforciant, at the yearly rent of one rose at the feast of the Nativity of S. John the Baptist and doing all other services to the chief lords of the fee. And after the decease of the Deforciant, the aforesaid tenements shall wholly revert to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of the same Emma, quit of the heirs of the Deforciant. 1304. York. Within one month of Easter, 32 Edward I. Mar. 29—April 27. Between Ralph, son of Eustace de Sheladon, of Bauquell, Plazntiff, and Hugh de Calnoure and Matilda, his wife, Defendan/s. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter, and in consideration of 5 marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever, of one messuage in BAUQUELE. To hold of the chief lords ‘of the fee. Mar. 29—April 27. York. Within one month of Easter, 32 Edward I. Between Ralph Coterel, Plazwtiff, and Ralph Sparewater and Nichola, his wife, Deforczants. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20/7. ster- ling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintirt and his heirs for ever of one messuage, one toft, 3 oxgangs and 10} acres of land, Io acres of meadow, 12 acres of pasture, and 8 acres of wood, in CRUMFORD and MATLOK. Tohold of the chief lords of the fee. Endorsed :—Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, puts in his claim, etc. John Coterel puts in his claim. Mar. 29—April 27. York. Within one month of Easter, 32 Edward I. Between Reginald de Asshebuin, Plazntzff, and Richard, son CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 13 of Nicholas de Fennybenteleye and Margery, his wife Deforciants. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20/. sterling, by the Deforciants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of I messuage, 2 tofts, 1 oxgang, and 12 acres of land, 16 acres of meadow, and 6s. rent, in FENNYBENTELEYE. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Warranty by Deforciants and the heirs of the same Margery. Lndorsed :—Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, puts in his claim, etc. May 24—June 7. York. Within 15 days of Holy Trinity, 32 Edward I. Between William Brian and Agnes, his wife, Plaintiffs, and Richard, son of Roger Sampson of Sherbrok, Deforciant. Acknowk dgement, on a plea of covenant, by the same William that I messuage, 2 tofts, 32 oxgangs of land, and the moiety of I acre of meadow, with appurtenances, -in SHIRBROK, are the . right of the Deforciant ; and grant thereupon by the Deforciant to the Plaintiffs, and the heirs of the same William begotten on the body of the same Agnes, of the premises. To hold of the Deforciant and his heirs for ever. Rendering yearly during the life of the Deforciant 6 marks at the feast of S. Michael, and after the decease of the Deforciant one penny to the heirs of Deforciant, at Easter, and doing all other services to the chief lords of the fee. And if it happen that William should die without heir begotten on the body of the same Agnes, then, after the decease of the Plaintiffs, the premises shall wholly revert to the Deforciant and his heirs, quit of the other heirs of the same William. May 24—June 13. York. Within 3 weeks of Holy Trinity, 32 Edward I. June 25. Between Richard de Blundesham, Plaintiff, and Walter Waldeshef and Joan, his wife, Deforciants. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, by the Deforciants that the manor of BOILLESTON with appurtenances and the advowson of the church of the same manor are the right of the Plaintiff ; and grant thereupon by the Plaintiff to the Deforciants and the heirs of the same Walter for ever of the premises. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. York. On the morrow of S. John the Baptist, 32 Edward I, Between Ralph de Latherbury and Margery, his wife, Plazntiff:, and Henry Burgilum, Deforcéant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, by the Plaintiffs that 14 CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY, I messuage, 360 acres of land, 40 acres of meadow, 60s. rent, and the fourth part of one mill, in EGYNTON, AMBOLDESTON, THURLESTON, OTEWELL, POTLOK, FYNDERNE, HOLEBROK, HOCHENSES, TRUSSELEYE, ANSEDELEY, and WYLINGTON, are the right of the Deforciant ; and grant thereupon by the Deforciant to the Plaintiffs and the heirs which the same Ralph may have of the body of the same Margery, of the premises for ever. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. And if it happen that Ralph should die without heir of the body of the same Margaret, then after the decease of the Plaintiffs the premises shall wholly remain to the right heirs of the same Ralph. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Nov. 11—18. York. Within the Octaves of S. Martin, 32 Edward 1. Between Richard de Curzun and Aleanora, his wife, Plaintzffs, and John de Curzun, Deforciant. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration: of 1oo/é, sterling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiffs and the heirs of Richard for ever, of the manor of BREYDESHALE with appur- tenances and the advowson of the church of the same manor. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. Nov. 11—18, York. Within the Octaves of S. Martin, 32 Edward I, and and 1305 Westminster. Within the Octaves of the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 33 Edward I. Feb. 2—9. Between Henry de Hambury, Plazn/iff, and Thomas Page, of June Sudbury and Hawysia, his wife, Defendunts. Grant, on a plea of warranty of charter and in consideration of 4 marks of silver, by the Defendants to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of one acre and a half of land and one acre and a half of meadow with appurtenances in SCROPTON. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. 13—20. Westminster. Within the Octaves of Holy Trinity, 33 Edward I. Between William, son of Alured de Sulony, Plazudiff, and Alured de Sulony, Deforciant, by John Foucher, his attorney. Grant, on a plea of covenant and in consideration of 20/2. sterling, by the Deforciant to the Plaintiff and his heirs for ever of 3 messuages, I oxgang and 8 acres and 3 roods of land, and I acre of meadow, in NEUTON SULONI and of the homage and service of Richard de Meysham and a certain fishery in the water of CALENDAR OF FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 15 Trent in NEUTON SULONY. To hold of the chief lords of the fee. June 24—July 8. Westminster. Within 15 days of S. John the Baptist, 33 Edward I. Between Richard Prys of Assheburne, Plaintiff, and Gordan de Thorp of Assheburne, Deforciant. Acknowledgement, on a plea of covenant, by the deforciant that 3 messuages, 39 acres of land, one acre and a half of land, in ASSHEBURNE UNDER WODE, ESTECOTE, and BRADELEYE, are the right of the Plaintiff; and grant thereupon by the Plaintiff to the Deforciant of the premises. To hold of the Plaintiff and his heirs, all the life of the Deforciant, at the yearly rent of one rose at the feast of the Nativity of S. John the Baptist. And after the decease of the Deforciant the premises shall wholly revert to the Plaintiff and his heirs, quit of the heirs of the Deforciant. To hold of the chief lords of the fee for ever. [Zo be continued.] 16 Copvnor Castle, and tts Ancient Owners. By Rev. CHARLES KERRY. verge of the upland forming the western boundary of the Erewash valley, little more than a mile from Codnor Park Station, and about three miles east of Ripley. In the sixteenth century this stronghold consisted of two large oblong—if not rectangular—courts, separated by a wall strengthened by four circular towers, nearly equidistant, the gateway between the courts being placed in the centre. The northern or inner- most court seems to have contained the principal building—a large edifice of three stories, of which now only three walls remain, and these, unless a protecting hand be speedily applied, will soon be among the things that have been. Of the main, or boundary walls of the north court, there is an east frontage of masonry of 152 feet overlooking the Erewash ; of this, 59 feet (the southern portion) consists of a ruinous serrated wail about eighteen feet high, with two rugged perforations as if for windows. In this wall are two projections like wide buttresses, which seem to have been garderobes or latrine, standing on the slope of the moat. The southern extremity of this wall for twenty-six feet has twenty courses of squared freestone of broad and narrow work (circa 1200), capped by later shale masonry (c/vca 1330), and is clearly coeval with the circular towers. The remainder of this wall northwards consists of an advanced basement, which can only be seen from the moat, shewing a face of sixty-three feet eight inches, obviously a side foundation of the principal structure. Co fpr * BPUPO7 © 10 P4fane LIS is Ve at oO JPPPUDCPUS* +3 Ay See Ss Guewe “7. FO a eg: v4 VD OL4 La WE Y We ¢ 2 2 . 2 . ~ wy, ) ‘ 7 Opp YAP S ey Y eZ Lp) eo OX LO8L typ “Ue fp Z tay ont vs oa iy a a, / 7 7G) fos ie 168/ y Z/ 2ON ‘SP]Pl] Ppuolud() WYAflOD' Df 40 pohanin ie ——— eel —'FY/HSAPGHIG — ‘J1LSV9 YONGOD JO NY1d cy CODNOR CASTLE FROM THE WEST, renvcen FROM BUCKS’ ENGRAVING OF 17 THE UPPER COURT OF ISG7. “a 4 eli WH, CANYYL, by G Y Mogical wy, yp i Cc yor Achvo Ma ee a age eee a. 2 p Vz, MASMMIFL , Sy zi a2 vA 2 ZA tent Loe Y; WY * Fete FL Le lo at : anes ai b ta SANK e/a RRL ater ? 2 681 tyra, f° woh? “Mag e7~Ar pry i ey CP pO 7 "OY VA TP. POU” es ata a Saget tae fe, AM SAG AH eo) oy Ui Sata | A SSNS eS WU 290 2 2 eet, png frvetiyy —nrne 9° PY Ge ty Mgerny, guatwyowyrys: YO YET PL pe ——-— is CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 17 On this side of it stood two engaged rectangular towers, ten feet apart, with a projection of six feet. The whole of this block stood out from the court wall line seven feet three inches, and the lofty walls at the back were part of the internal masonry. The wall between the two courts, with its four circular towers, was Clearly at one time the south wall of the original fortress; the south court being a later addition. Of this enclosure there remains only the western wall, including a latrine and a small flight of steps to an upper room, demolished. The main entrance, with the south wall, has long been de- stroyed, and the eastern side of the courtyard (now a garden) is occupied by a farmhouse, built out of castle materials, probably about the year 1640 ° The principal gateway was obviously on the south side, as may be inferred from the direction or trending of the main approaches, and probably occupied a position somewhere opposite the southern extremity of the farmhouse where the ground begins to fall. The entrance to the second or inner court is now blocked, but the jambs may still be seen. ‘They are of an early character. The crenells in the round towers are very interesting, the extremities of the arms being expanded into a triangular form. The wall between the two towers on the western side of this gateway exhibits masonry of two periods; the basement has a triple plinth moulding, and is probably coeval with the towers on each side, whilst the charming little window of a single-light above, recently injured by the loss of a cusp, is of the geometrical style, and may have been constructed about 1350, or a little earlier. | It is said that no less than six farmsteads have been built out of materials obtained from this castle. The best squared stones would naturally be the first selected, and, consequently, the best built portions of the fabric (in this case the oldest) were the first to be demolished and carted away. The substantial farmhouse built on the spot after the castle ceased to be inhabited, is an illustration of my last observation. Some farm buildings a little ? 18 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. to the west of the ruins are also of good freestone of unmis- takable origin. The dovecote is of no great age, but has been derived from the same quarry of hewn stones, and has been constructed by some tenant of the farm long after the glories of the castle had passed away. From an observation made by Glover, it seems that about 150 years ago, the outer walls of the castle were then tolerably perfect It may be that this information was derived from Buck’s view of the structure, which, by the kindness and generosity of Sir Alfred Seale Haslam, the worthy mayor of Derby, has been re-engraved for this article by Mr. George Bailey. About forty years ago, the ground within the northern or inner court was completely turned over in search of ironstone; so that no excavations here in quest of original levels or foundations would be likely to lead to satisfactory results. This disturbance fully accounts for the great discrepancy between the levels of the two courts and the blocking of the inner gateway. Traces of gardens are still visible in the field to the north-west, from which point of observation Buck seems to have taken his view, and a double row of trees formerly grew on the eastern bank of the moat. The park connected with the castle has long been under cultivation; it is said to have contained about 3,000 acres. The name “ Codnor” (Domesday Cotenoure) signifies the cot, cote, or home of cottars, on the ‘‘ over” or crest of the hill. On the same stretch of high ground stands Heanor from Héah, Heane, =high, lofty, and the same ovre from “‘ ufa” =high—A.S. We find the same termination, but less changed, in Bolsover (in Domesday JLelesovre), an eminence obviously dedicated in pre- historic times to the worship of the sun, 7z.e., Bal, or Baal. Other place-names in Derbyshire with this termination occurring in Domesday are Ashover, ‘ Barcouere,’’ ‘ Calver”’ (Caluoure), ‘“* Ednesoure,” ‘* Hennesoure,” and ‘‘ Oure.” Codnor with its dependencies, Shirland, Ufton, Heanor, Langley, and Smithcote, formed a portion of the large estates assigned to William Peverell by the Conqueror, soon after the CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 19 Norman invasion. They were held at the Survey in 1085 by one Warner, under the Peverells, who remained chief lords of Codnor until the first year of Henry II., when William Peverell, the fourth consecutive owner of that name, forfeited his vast estates in Derbyshire and elsewhere, through his connection with the death of Ranulf, Earl of Chester, in 1153, to whom the Honor of Peverell had been just assigned by the King. We®are not quite certain as to the identity of this early sub-tenant, ’ Warner. Mr. Yeatman suggests “de Insula;” unfortunately I cannot solve the mystery. Robert /i#z Warner gave lands in Toton to Lenton Abbey (Dugdale). Codnor is not mentioned again in our national records for nearly too years. In the Pipe Roll of 26 Henry II. (a.p. 1180) it is stated that Robert j¢z William de Codenour, probably grandson of the last named Robert, held half a knight's fee in Ratcliff. This is a very important entry. Soon after this, and before 1208, we find the whole of the estates connected with Codnor in the possession of Henry de Grey (one of the Rotherfield stock, and brother to Walter, the illustrious Archbishop of York), acquired by his marriage with Isolda, the heiress of Codnor. She was obviously the heiress of Rodert, son of William, living in 1180, because she brought the estates in Toton and Radcliff (just mentioned as being the lands of the Warners) to Henry de Grey. Supposition now takes the place of reliable evidence. Glover states, apparently on the authority of Thoroton, and he, again, on Burton, that she was the daughter of Hugh Bardolf, and coheiress with Maud of her uncle Robert Bardolf. If this Robert Bardolf be identical with the Robert, son of William, the matter is settled ; but I have searched long and diligently for any evidence con- necting Codnor and its subordinate manors with the Bardolfs, without any satisfactory result. Mr. Pym Yeatman mentions the possibility of her having been a Morton, or Morteyn, but there is no proof. 20 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. I think the following table may help to solve the difficulty :-— ‘© Warner” of Domesday held CopNoR, = Shirland, Upton, &c. | ** Robert f¢z Warmer” held lands in Toron, = Benefactor to Lenton. ; William de = . CODNOR | ©* Robert fil William de Codenhour,” held = 4a fee in RADCLIFFE. Isolda, heiress of CODNOR, TOTON, = Henry de Grey. RADCLIFF. V The first mention of Henry de Grey that I can find occurs on the Pipe Roll of 7 Ri. I., a.p. 1196, when he was excused payment of roos. scutage for the redemption of the king, because he was with the army in Normandy. He was certainly married to the heiress of Codnor before the year 1208, as appears from an ancient deed among the muniments preserved at Haddon Hall. This document is so valuable and s9 interesting that with your permission I will read it.* It is without date, but as Sampson de Strelley, one of the witnesses named in it, died in 1208, I am justified in saying that the marriage took place defore that year. (Translation). “Know ye, as well present as future, that I, Henry de Grey and Ysoud, my wife, concede, give, and by this our charter, have confirmed to William, the son of Robert, and his heirs, a certain angular space of our park of Shirland, as much as Robert, his father, held beyond the water which is called ‘‘ Grivel,” as a boundary between our park aforesaid, and his park of Alfreton, holding of us and our heirs to himself and his heirs freely and quietly for ever, according to a certain territory which he granted * This paper was read at Codnor Castle before the Society at the last annual excursion. CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 21 to us on this side the stream which runs between our park of Coddenhoure and his grove (or wood) of Alfreton, which the aforesaid William, son of Robert, and his heirs, warranted to us and our heirs. Similarly, we and our heirs now warrant the said space of our park of Shirland to him and his heirs for ever These being witnesses: Simon Basset, and John his son, Samson de Strelleya, and Geoffry his son, Roger Poer, Philip de Halecotes, Geoffry Luterel, Serlo de Begleya, Richard de Valeure, Peter de Herthill.” Seal of white wax ; 2 in. long by 1? wide. bearing a large fine shield of Grey. Barry of six. For the copy of this document I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Carrington, of Bakewell, to whom the records alluded to have been entrusted by the Duke of Rutland for transcription. There are a few references to Isolda on the Pipe Rolls. In 1223 she lost a house by mischance (perhaps lapse), and paid half a mark to the Crown for its recovery. The same year she paid six marks to the scutage of Montgomery, as though she was now Herself responsible for her estates, and her husband, de Grey, was dead. In 1229 she seems to have taken a second husband, Reginald de Mendre, and the same year witnessed the marriage of her eldest son Richard, with Lucia, daughter and heiress of John de Humez, lord of Sheringham ( Leicestershire) whose lands he soon afterwards acquired through escheat. Isolda died in 1246 (30 H. III.), when ‘de Mendre’s” con- nection with the Codnor estates appears to have ceased altogether; for his name is not recorded on the Pipe Rolls after that time, and Richard de Grey, her eldest son, then paid 428 108. for his relief for the lands which were his mother’s, and this is the last record of Isolda. Henry de Grey and Isolda had several sons, viz. :— (1) Richard de Grey, who succeeded to his mother’s estates of Codnor and Shirland, Ufton, Heanor, Langley, Toton, Ratcliff, etc., whose male line failed in the reign of Henry VII. (2) John de Grey, from whom the most illustrious branches 22 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. of this family have sprung ot 1266. His son Reginald, Lord Grey of Wilton and Ruthyn, had issue John, Lord Grey of Wilton and Ruthyn, who died in 1323. He left issue two sons. (a) Henry, Lord Grey of Wilton, from whom descended a long line of Lords Grey de Wilton, the last of whom, Zhomas, died without issue in 1614, and his inheritance was carried by his sister, Bridget, into the family of Egerton, created in 1801 Earl of Wilton. (6) The second son of John de Grey was Roger, Lord Grey de Ruthyn, ancestor of the illustrious house of Grey, Earls of Kent. The elder line of this branch failed in Henry, Earl of Kent, who died in 1639, when his sister Susan carried the barony of Grey de Ruthyn into the family of Longueville, and from them through the Yelvertons, Earls of Sussex, into that of the Marquis of Hastings. ‘The younger line of the Earls of Kent attained to ducal rank in the person of Henry, Duke of Kent, in 1710, but on his death, in 1740, his earldom and dukedom became extinct. A younger branch of the Lords Grey de Ruthyn attained to the highest importance. It was founded by Edward Grey, uncle to the first Earl of Kent, who acquired by marriage the barony of Ferrers of Groby. His eldest son George, Lord Grey of Groby, married Elizabeth Wydville, afterwards Queen of Edward IV., by whom he had issue Thomas Grey, created Marquis of Dorset by Edward IV. in the fifteenth year of his reign, 1475. His grandson, Henry, Marquis of Dorset, married Lady Frances Brandon, granddaughter to Henry VII., and was beheaded in 1554. His un- fortunate daughter, the Lady Jane Grey, was four days Queen of England. From John, his younger brother, the Earls of Stamford are descended. CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 23 (3) William de Grey (third son of Henry and Isolda of Codnor) was seated at Sandiacre, and was ancestor of the Greys of Sutton, whose inheritance passed by a daughter to the family of Leeke, Earl of Scarsdale. (4) Henry. (Vide Burke's Peerage.) We will now return to the De Greys of Codnor. When most of the barons declined to accompany Henry III. (anno 36) to the Holy Land, Richard de Grey of Codnor, eldest son of Henry, and his brother John, of Shirland, readily consented, whereupon the King kissed them, and called them his brothers. In the forty-second of Henry III., having been deprived of the wardenship of Dover Castle, Richard revolted to the barons, and was with young Montford at Kenilworth, on his way to the north to join the elder de Montford, when he was taken prisoner by a party of Prince Edward’s horse, and was deprived of his lands, which, however he recovered by the dictum of Kenilworth In 1240 he founded a house for Carmelites at Aylesford in Kent, in imitation of those he had seen in the Holy Land, and, dying in 1255. was buried in that religious house, where many of his family were afterwards interred. His grandson Henry was the first Baron de Grey of Codnor by writ. He died in 1309. His son, Richard Lord Grey, in 1330, claimed the assize of bread and ale in Toton as a member of Codnor. In 1334 he obtained a charter for a market every Thursday at Denby, with a fair on the Eve of the Nativity of the B.V.M. He died in 1336. His son John, Lord Grey, and two others were commissioned to array all the men in Derbyshire, between sixteen and sixty, to march against the Scotch. , It may truly be said of him, that he was always amongst the foremost in the military struggles at home and abroad in the reigns of Edwards II. and III. In his time, the castle at Codnor, as might almost be expected, was repaired, and no doubt enlarged and strengthened; the wall containing the single-light window between the two northernmost 24 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. towers was re-instated about 1350; but the circular towers were undoubtedly erected by the great founder of the family soon after his marriage with Isolda. On the Patent Roll of the 39 Edward III. is a release made to this John from all future services, which I have copied for this occasion. It runs as follows :— (Translation.) “The King to all to whom, etc., saluting,—Being mindful of the dutiful and arduous services which our beloved and faithful John de Grey of Codnor for us in our wars, both at home and abroad, many times strenuously, and with burdensome labours and expenses sustained and endured, and who by the same services and by other divers infirmities of body heavily pressing upon him is not able at the present time either to labour or to command as he was accustomed, and, being willing from henceforth graciously to provide for the peace and quietness of the same John— We will and grant for us and our heirs that the same John for the whole of his life shall have these liberties, viz. :—That as concerning coming to our parliament, council, or assembly, on any pretext, summons, or other our mandates, or of our heirs, whomsoever, he shall not be bound to come in the least degree: That he shall not muster men at arms, armed men, hobelars (light horsemen for giving speedy notice of a foreign invasion), bowmen, or any persons whatsoever for owv wars, or of our heirs, or for guarding the coast or elsewhere, or for keeping the peace in any county of our kingdom of England, by ovr commissions, or of our heirs not hitherto assigned or appointed; nor to be com- pelled to do this in any way, nor to stay upon the seacoasts by reason of any lands or tenements situated there, or for any cause or pretext whatsoever, any ordination or proclamation made by us or by our heirs notwithstanding. Nor that the same John be appointed mayor, sheriff, coroner, escheator, or any other minister, or officer, either for us, or for our heirs, against his own will. Given 28 April, 45 Ed. III. ACD en 27h CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 25 His grandson, Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor, seems to have been a more distinguished officer even than his grandfather. He was at the head of a large contingent of retainers, tenants, and Derbyshire men at the battle of Agincourt in 1415. Mr. Pym Yeatman, to whose collections for Derbyshire I am so-much indebted, and which I here desire most heartily to acknowledge, gives us, in his ** Feudal History of Derbyshire,” the names of all those Derbyshire men who set out with this Lord Grey to maintain the prowess of old England in France ; and there can be no doubt but that many of them passed beneath the portals of this old castle on that eventful occasion, to return no more to the hills and vales of their native county. As a man’s good name is his best monument, in justice to these brave and stalwart heroes, I will read out the muster roll once more on this historic ground. These brave fellows, the pride and hope of many a parent, are as much entitled to honourable mention as those under whose command they set forth to lay down their lives, their home ties, and their all, for the honour and benefit of their country. ‘A mere list of names” (writes Mr. Yeatman) “ may be but dull reading to one who has no interest in the people, but to men of the county it cannot but be that this record is full of interest. Who belonging to Derbyshire can pass over with indifference these lists of the heroes of Cressy, Poictiers, or Agincourt, when he finds among: them whole regi- ments belonging to his kindred. If anyone can read unmoved, or pass over them with indifference, he must indeed be more or less than man.” LANCERS. John Grey, Kt. Wm. Bromley. Hy. Pierpoint, Kt. Rich. Hay. Robt. Moton, Kt. Wm. Warbleton. Edwd. Foljambe, Kt. Robert Strelley. Gervaise de Clifton. John Dolfanby. John Loneham. John Felbrig. John Tardner. Geoffry Barton. Tohn Cockayne. Thom. Erlecock. Hugo Barton. James Barton. 26 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. Alured Langfat. Thom. FitzHerberd John Waugn. Robt. Wennesly. Wm. Holys. Robt. Germayne. Edmund Crabb. Richd. Newman. John Tfield. John Harding. Jo. Jore. Jo. Bromley. Jo. Forth. Rich. Foljambe. Lernannes Betstre Thos. Staunton. Thos. Kewell. Wm. Dekeyn. Robt. Buttiller. Jo. Parcar. Jo. Jwit (Jewitt). Jo. Ramsay. Thom. Hunt. Ferrick Richer. Robt. Gilford. Richard Spenser. Jo. Soudton. Jo Salisbury. Jo. Elys. Jo. Ewory. Wm. Polenham. Hy. Sewer. Wm. Isaac. Wm. Langham. Thos. Moton. Laur. Dutton. Jo. Woodhouse. Oliver Agnasford. John Curzon. Jo. Clifton. Hugo Annesley. Edmund Lancester. Total, 60 Lancers. Thom. Lyneux. Jo. Lyneux. John Robert. Hen. Walweyr. Wm. Glossop. Geof. Bolton. John Richardson. Elias Brown. John Martin. John Calfyng. John Sere. Robt. Griffith. | | ARCHERS. Richd. Tailer. Wim. Martyn. Robt. Holbeche. John Russel. Roger Nastyr. Thom, Cawday. Jas. Smith. Matt. Johnson. John Strote. Jo. Irche. Jo. Sadeller. Jo. Sawyer. CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. John Oke. Robt. Lambert. Jo. Seman. Jo. Penbroke. Jo. Coding. Jo. Swaine. Wm. Grene. Robt. Brigge. Wm. Dekynson. Hy. Page. John Tailour. Robt. Dore. Roger Barker. Richd. Kaire. Jo. Lavok. Wm. Deye. Jo. Stanbourn. Roger Turner. Jo. Walker. Jo. Damette. Jo. Lyzt. Robt. Ball. Robt. Peyn. Jo. Walfall. Jo. Parker. Rich. Cook. Rich. Coup. Nic. Dutton. Wm. Dutton. Richd. Parker. Jo Feryman. Wm. Stert. Jo. Schade. Jo. Ragge. Tho. Grene. Wm. Grysle. Simon Chambre. Thos. Gowe. Jo. Dyker. Jo. Burgeys. Rich. Ferrour. Nich. Eketor. Rich. Leaham. Jo. Robert. Thos. Walton. John Parker. Thom. Brunache. Hugo Chauntrel. Tho. Carpenter. Rich. Fright. Robert Taillour. Wm. Perston. Robt. Rode. Jno. Litchett. Wm. Corley. Hy. Woodward. Thom. Knyght. Phus Knyzt. Wm. Stanlowe. Jno. Dekeyn. Hugo Radriche. Jo. Bredon. Thos. Brown. Henry Bower. John Hervy. Ricus Walker. Vic Cawdry. John Marescal. John Merston. John Elyot. Rich. Owayne. Thom. Bagor. 28 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. Hy. Pilsey. ‘Thos. Cardon, Thos. Gamme. Jo. Claypam. John Bridde. Jo. Ravenscroft. Jo. Chelle. John Leek. Jo. Wilde. Thos. Bromley. Rich. Dawery. Jo. Ascher. Henry Bawk. Wm. Bawk. Wm. Clarkson. Rad. Parker. Jas. Fletcher. Hy. Clesby. Rad. Bradshaw. Jo. Sadeler. Oliver Kalam. Wm. Wygam. Hugo Alrede. Jo. Cook. Walter Lesard. Jo. Forham. Rad. White. David Elys. Robt. Elys. Roger Elsar. Wm. Kirkby. Wm. Kirkby. Jo. Smith. Jno. Spark. Grand Total. Jo. Totenhale. David Crwe. Wm. Eston. John Stratton. Laur. Repynsdon. Jo. Brown. Thom. John. Rich. Newton. Rich. Rouchester. Jo. Baylby. Jo. Cook. Wm. Cook. Jo. Barmour. Robt. Greenhill. Rich. Tompson. Thom. Colwyle. John Atton. Rich. Terrour. Christr. Rydewalys. John Marcam. Jo. Brook. Jo. Hennyng. Hy. Merton. Rog. Barbour. Thom. Hall. Hans Armurer. Wm. Bailley. John Ferrour. Hugo Smart. Rich. Chaumbre. Jo. Baker. Rad. Freeman. Richd. Mee. Ed. Basfouch. Total, 162 Archers. 222 men CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIEN'F OWNERS. 29 There are many other Derbyshire names, and specially in the retinue of Philip Leche of Chatsworth, but I have confined myself to the troop of Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor. Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt, in his ‘‘ Derbyshire Ballads,” gives one re- ferring to Agincourt, in which the young monarch (on receiving the tennis balls so insultingly sent by the King of France instead of the tribute due to the Crown of England) is made to exclaim— ‘* Recruit me, Cheshire and Lancashire, And Derby hills that are so free : No married man, nor widow’s son ;— For no widow’s curse shall go with me. Fal, lal, ete. ‘* They recruited Cheshire and Lancashire. And Derby hills that are so free ; No married man, nor widow’s son, Yet there was a jovial, bold company. And tradition (writes Mr. Jewitt) bears out the noble feature of the ballad, that no married man, nor widow’s son. was recruited or pressed into the service for this expedition. This nobleman, so distinguished in the councils of his sovereign, and so renowned in arms, after holding the offices of Admiral of the Fleet, Governor of Roxburg Castle, Chief Justiciar of South Wales, Constable of Nottingham Castle, and Chief Ranger of Sherwood, Governer of two castles in France, Chamberlain to the King, and Lord Warden of the East Marches, died in the sixth of Henry VI., a.p. 1428. Henry, last Lord Grey of Codnor, grandson of the last named Richard, was greatly devoted to chemistry, and obtained a license for the transmutation of metals. In 1458 he confirmed John Clerke in- the office of Keeper of the Parks of Codnor and Aldercar, with a salary of twopence a day. He died in 1496 without lawful issue, and was interred in the Priory of Aylesford, founded by his ancestor in 1240. On his death, the posterity of his aunt Elizabeth, who married John Zouch, a younger son of William, Lord Zouch of Haring- worth, inherited the Codnor estates, and in this family they 30 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. remained for six generations ; when, in 1634, Sir John Zouch, and his son and heir apparent, sold the castle and manor of Codnor, with the remainder of their estates, to Dr. Neile, Archbishop of York, and his son, Sir Paule, whose descendant, Richard Neile, sold Codnor with its members, Heanor, Loscoe, and Langley, in 1692, to Sir Streynsham Master. ‘The representative of this family, Chas. Hoskins Master, Esq., of Barrow Green House, Oxted, Surrey, in reply to my enquiry with regard to the ancient title deeds of Codnor, writes thus :— ‘“‘T have no knowledge myself of there being any deeds extant here relating to Codnor. It was sold to the Butterley Company some thirty years ago, so my connection with the place has been very slight.” Still prosecuting my enquiries, Mr. Fitzherbert Wright informed me that the Butterley Company have no deeds relating to Codnor earlier than 1624. ADDENDA. CopNoR CASTLE AND SHIRLAND ** Placita de Quo Waranto.” Inguiry held at Derby before W. Herle and his companions Justices itinerant in the county of Derby, on Monday next after the feast of SS. Peter and Paul, Anno 4 Edward III. (A.D. 1330). ( Zranslation). Richard de Grey of Codnor was summoned on the plea of “By what warrant” he claimed to hold in his manor of Codnor and its members, “ view of frank-pledge,” and those things which pertain to the same—pillory and tumbril, and infangthief, outfangthief, and gallows, and thol, and theam, and waif, and four parks in the same manor, and free warren in all his demesne lands. And the aforesaid Richard appeared by John Shirwode his attorney, and said that he had all the aforesaid liberties as per- taining to that manor, and that he and all his ancestors time out CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 3t of mind had enjoyed all the aforesaid liberties without any interruption, and none of them had been abused. And Will. de Denum who followed on the king’s behalf, desired that enquiry should be made if the aforesaid Richard did possess the liberties aforesaid, and if so, then how those liberties were used, and from what time. Wherefore enquiry was made. And the jury said upon their oath that the aforesaid Richard and all his ancestors and other tenants of that manor had, time out of mind, held the aforesaid liberties as parts and members of the same. All had been well used except that the same Richard always punished delinquents in the articles against assize (bread, ale, &c.) by fine, and not by corporal punishment ; wherefore the said ‘‘ view” was taken into the hands of our lord the King. Afterwards came Robert de Sallow and John de Shirwode and paid a fine of 20s. to the king to enable the said Robert to resume the “ view ” which was granted. SHIRLAND. Placita de quo waranto. Anno 4 Edward III. (Translation). Henry de Grey was summoned to answer to the king as to ** By what warrant” he claimed infangthief, gallows, and view of frank-pledge in his manor of Shirland, and free warren in all his demesne lands, and to have a park in the same manor, and to have a market at Higham on Wednesday in every week, and a fair there every year, of three days’ duration, viz. :—on the vigil, on the day, and on the morrow after the Feast of S. Peter ad Vincula (August 1st), and that he and his heirs freely and without impediment were able to chase, and take in all our forests, foxes, hares, and cats, except in the king’s demesne warrens, and in such way that the king should receive no damage in his hunting. And Henry de Grey came. And he said that he and all his ancestors and all who had held the manor time out of mind 32 CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. possessed infangthief, gallows, view of frank-pledge, park, market, and fair, as was claimed as pertaining to the same manor. And he ciaimed to have free warren in all his manors, and similarly, that he and his heirs might be able to chase and take foxes, hares, and cats in all the king’s forests. He said that Henry, formerly king of England (great grandfather of the present king), by his charter granted and confirmed to John de Grey, great grandfather of the said Henry, that he and his heirs should for ever have free warren in all his demesne lands in his manor of Shirland, so that no one else might enter those lands to chase or take anything in them which pertained to warren with- out the permission of the said John and his heirs, upon forfeiture of £10 to the king. And he exhibited the aforesaid charter of King Henry dated the 3rd day of April, in the 27th of his reign (A.D. 1243). The jury confirmed the statements of Henry de Grey. Afterwards came Robert de Glapwelle and Henry de la Pole, of the same county and paid a fine of two marks to the king for the conformation of the said liberties—which was granted. Anno 4 Edward III.—The king for good service committed to Richard de Grey of Codnor the custody of the manor of Oveston with the appurt. in Northamptonshire, at a certain rent.—(Abbrev. Rot. orig. in Scac., p. 42). Anno 7 Edward III.—The king appointed Richard de Grey of Codnor, Will. de Herle, Ric de Wilughby, Roger de Bauk- well, and Hen de Fenton, justices of the king for the county of Lincolnshire, to enquire upon the oath, etc., con- cerning all oppressions, conspiracies, etc., and to hear and (Abbrev. Rot. orig. in terminate them according to law. Scac., p. 79). Anno 8 Edward III.—The king paid respect to Richard de Grey of Codnor concerning £71 5s. 114d., which the said Richard owed for the farm of the manor of Oveston with the appurtenances until the month of Easter.— (Abbrev. Rot. orig. in Scac., p. 79). Court. Interior East Sipe. ~——— Copnor Cast te. Remains or Norty I, Mil fy h q \ | i} ‘fit ui | ty \ | H t H | 7, 4 | } ees Oremore - : 7 GZ coal awe i. vote ¢ Ma lA C : g SP § pg Jf GY. tf 2 a *fACBEV “a 2 F tL cle vy , og ¢ yo iL Of ote tne te ZA ly, ty by SSS. g Y, 4 W772 é 2 YG? 7] Le dA, SVL , 74 COD ae? os J J 7 Af vom CODNOR CASTLE, AND ITS ANCIENT OWNERS. 33 Codnor “De Johanne Souche Milite occasionato ad ostendum quare Manerium de Codnor and alia in countatibus Derbize and Northamptoniz in Manibus Regine seisiri non debet ratione alienations.—(Paschze Rec. 10 Eliz: Rot. 141.— Jones’ Reports). A romantic poem of six cantos, entitled ‘‘ DE Grey—A TALE oF Copnor CasTLE,” dedicated to Sir Walter Scott, was pub- lished about the year 1820 by G. B. Whitaker & Co., Ave Maria Lane, London. It is of considerable merit, but a_ purely fictitious production. ww 34 Botantecal Plotes on a WCEtalk from Burton to HIMer’s Dale tn Ftne, 1890. By Rev. W. H. PAINTER. Miller’s Dale to Buxton, but for the purpose of this paper it is reversed, as it is far easier for a pedestrian to descend from the last mentioned place to the former, than for him to ascevd from the one to the other. The reason for my walking to Buxton from Miller’s Dale was this: I particularly wished to examine a willow growing in this dale, Salix undulata (Ehrhardt), and to obtain specimens of its fertile capsules ; therefore I took a train down to Miller’s Dale station, intending to visit this tree, and then, if there was not time for doing anything more, to return to Buxton to catch the train for Congleton, which left at 5.10 p.m. But as I found when I had returned to the railway station that I had sufficient time to walk to Buxton (two and a half hours), I determined to do this, and the result of this rapid walk will now be placed before you in the reverse order, as I have already stated. After leaving Buxton by Spring Gardens and the Bakewell Road, the pedestrian keeps by the side of the river Wye down Ashwood Dale. This dale, from its commencement until the road winds round Topley Pike, and Blackwell Dale commences, is full of botanical treasures. On the occasion of this visit of mine to it, I found three plants which I had not before seen there, though I had frequently botanized in it, all of which occur BOTANICAL NOTES FROM BUXTON TO MILLER’S DALE. 35 in various parts of the county. When looking over broken ground near the Lover’s Leap, my attention was attracted to a tall cruciferous plant, which I immediately discovered to be Draba muralis (Linn.), one of the Whitlow grasses, a plant which grows only upon the mountain limestone, and which I have also gathered at its most southern habitat, Stone Eaton, in Somerset- shire. Close to it was the little Hutchinsia petrea (R. Ba.), a plant which is plentiful in the limestone dales, and one which [ once travelled thirteen miles in a gig to find. In company with these was the little A/chemilla arvensis, (Zam.), or Parsley Piert, a plant which is not of frequent occurrence in Derbyshire, and also Valerianella olitora (Moench), or Lamb's Lettuce, another plant which is not frequently met with in the county, especially in the billy parts. Close to these, but hidden away in the grass, grows Saxifraga Geum (Linn.), or London Pride, which has been growing here for many years, and has thus become naturalized. On the rocks above the spot where this plant grows is to be seen early in July the beautiful Polemontum cerulum (Linn.), the Blue Jacob’s Ladder, a plant which extends southwards from the limestone dales of Yorkshire, and which is found only in a wild state in similar dales in Derbyshire, though it is frequently found as a garden escape. Specimens of these two plants are exhibited, though they were not gathered in the course of this excursion. The next plant of which a specimen is exhibited is Cardamine Hexuosa (With.), which is said to be considered a variety of Cardamine hirsuta (Linn.), but it will be seen that it is a well- marked species, easily distinguished by its flexuous stem and spreading fruit pods. ‘This plant abounds all through the dales in the gutters by the sides of the roads. The sides of the river Wye all down this dale are fringed with several species of willows, such as Salix fragilis (Linn.), var. Britannica of Dr. F. Buchanan White, which prevails through- out britain, the true Sex fragilis not being known in Great Britain; and Salix viminalis (Linn.), easily distinguished by its long and narrow leaves. 36 BOTANICAL NOTES FROM BUXTON TO MILLER’S DALE. Lower down the dale I was very glad to meet with the pretty mossy saxifraga, Saxifraga hypnoides (Linn.), which I had not before seen there, though it grows in several places in the neighbourhood. All the cliffs on the right hand side of the road were fringed with various species of the Hawkweed, with their bright golden flowers. Among them I noticed Azevacium murorum (Linn. pt), with its thin leaves, arched peduncles, and hoary phyllaries, Hieracium cesium (Fr.), var. Smithit (Baker), an exact reproduc- tion of the plants which grow upon the Limestone Scars of Settle, in Yorkshire. Here, let me say, the true Azeractum cesium is not to be found in the British Isles ; the variety only is to be met with. Nearly at the end of this dale, on a bed of Toadstone, is to be found the pretty Butterwort, Pinguicula vulgaris (Linn. , which also may be seen growing on the ledges of the rocks of Topley Pike, but not in the profusion in which it is to be seen in York- shire and Westmoreland. Near the foot of Topley Pike a path leaves the Bakewell Road, and keeps near the river side. Pursuing this, we soon enter Blackwell Dale, and here, in the season, we find the river Wye covered with the white, starry flower of Ranunculus pseudofiuitans (Bab.), a plant which occurs in most of the limestone dales, and which is distinguished from the true 2anunculus flutians (Lam.), by its sessile submerged leaves. A specimen of this plant is exhibited, obtained on a former visit. Pursuing our way down the dale, a good-sized tuft of Zvagopogon pratense (Linn.), var. minus (AZill.), is to be seen, and on a woody bank a fine bush of Pyrus Aria (Linn.), with its corymb of white flowers, greets the eye. On the stones of the railway embankment a large number of the Hawkweeds grow. Among them I discovered Hieracium pallidum (Biv.), a species closely allied to Hieracium cesium (Fr.) before mentioned, from which it differs by its ye//ow styles and leaves fringed with white hairs; the var. xemorosum (Backh.) of Hieracium vulgatum (Fr.), from which it differs by its BOTANICAL NOTES FROM BUXTON TO MILLER’S DALE. 37 large rosulate leaves, which are always purplish on the under side. Lower down the dale I came upon A/yosotis sylvatica (Hoff), one of the handsomest of the Forget-me-Nots, a plant which grows also in Ashwood Dale, where I found it in the course of this walk. The only place where I had previously seen it growing in this county was near Ashford-in-the-Water, on the high road from Buxton. ‘This plant may be readily distinguished from the other species of Myosotis by its long-stalked root-leaves, and by the spreading hooked bristles of the calyx. Near this plant another was growing which is often mistaken for it, Wyosotts arvensis (Hoffm), var. umbrosa (Bab.). This variety of the Field Scorpion Grass has larger flowers than the type, and is altogether a taller and more robust plant, while it differs from the plant before-mentioned in having halft-cleft segments of the calyx, and oblong acute leaves, AZ. sy/vatica having a calyx which is three-fourths cleft, and oblong-lanceolate leaves. ‘This variety is of frequent occurrence in the dales. Salix cinerea ( Linn.) also grows here, another well-marked plant or shrub, and which is of frequent occurrence throughout the county. The leaves of the specimen exhibited belong to the male plant, as there were no catkins visible upon the bush from which it was cut. Several grasses occur in this dale, but I only stopped to gather specimens of the one now shown—estuca duriuscula (Lin.). Through taking a wrong turn in the path I came upon a fine plant of Polystichum lobatum (Prest.), one of the Shield Ferns, which used to be called Polystichum aculeatum (Roth.), var. lobatum (Smith). This is the usual form of P. acudeatum in the woods and lanes of Derbyshire, differing from the type by its narrow fronds, and from P. angulare (Prest.) by its pinnules not being stalked but sessile, and at an acute angle with the common stalk of the pinne. Now we enter Chee Dale and gaze upon Chee Tor. Here Geum intermedium (Ehrh.) grows luxuriantly, as well as Veronica montana (Linn.), a plant which I had overlooked in my previous 38 BOTANICAL NOTES FROM BUXTON TO MILLER’S DALE. visits to this dale. And here, in August, is to be found one of the rarest Derbyshire plants, growing upon a perpendicular rock, Hieracium prenanthoides ( Vill.), a specimen of which is included with the plants now exhibited. Lower down the Dale several bushes of Sa/ix Caprea (Linn ) (the Great Sallow) were noticed ; in the swampy ground Carex rostrata (Stokes) was found ; whilst in the plantations Poa nemoralts (/inn.), var. angustifolia (Parnell) was gathered, a grass which, on being submitted to Mr. C. Bailey, F.L.S., for his verification, was pro- nounced by him to be the above-mentioned variety. On a level piece of wet ground in this Dale is to be found another rare plant, Scirpus Caricis (Retz), which flowers in July and August. ‘his is its only habitat in Derbyshire, and thus in this dale two plants are found which do not occur elsewhere in the county. Hastening on our way through Miller's Dale, in which during the season several roses are to be met with, we notice here and there small plants of Geranium columbinum (Zinn.), or the long- stalked Crane’s-bill, a plant which is generally found on lime- stone banks; Avrenaria serpyllifelia (Linn.), a tolerably common plant ; Populus canescens (Sm.), a tree which grows at the beginning of the Dale, but is mentioned here because of its place in the Botanical order of plants ; and last, but not least, Sa/ix undulata (Ehrhardt), a willow vpon which I have some lengthy remarks to make. When I first saw this tree in August, 1883, unlike other willows, it had produced summer catkins, which are more or less pubescent, a fact which had misled many Botanists. Upon specimens of it being submitted to our greatest British authority upon the willows, Dr. J. Buchanan White, of Perth, he requested me to visit this tree in June and obtain the spring capsules. ‘hese turned out to be quite glabrous. ‘Thus Dr. White was enabled to determine the species of this willow, and also to settle the question of its parentage, for this willow is a hybrid of two other willows, and not a true species. To quote Dr. White's own words, given in my “ Flora of Derbyshire ”: ‘‘ The great interest,” he says, ‘‘ attaching BOTANICAL NOTES FROM BUXTON TO MILLER’S DALE. 39 to the plant is, that it clearly demonstrates Sa/ix lanceolata with glabrous capsules, and Sa/ix udu/ata with pubescent capsules, as the one bush shows the two at different times.” Here is an object for Botanists to keep in view. Let them search for this willow in the osier-beds. I find that in the neigh- bourhood where I am now living, in North Staffordshire, this same plant is grown for basket-making ; and it is not unlikely that it is cultivated in the neighbourhood of Derby for the same purpose. Close to the old tree of S. uxdu/ata (Ehrh.), I found on the top of a wall the little grass Festuca rigida (Kunth.), a plant which I had looked for in Miller’s Dale several times, but hitherto without success, though I had frequently passed by its habitat. In bringing my remarks upon this ramble to a close, I trust that what has been said, and the specimens that have been exhi- bited, will act as a stimulus to the Botanists present, and also as an incentive to others who have not yet commenced the study of this science to join their ranks. Independently of the zest and interest which a knowledge of Botany gives to a walk in the fields, or upon the roads, often converting what would otherwise be an uninteresting walk into an interesting one, the study of the flowers of the field gives one an insight into the mercy and wis- dom and creative power of Him Who is the Maker of all things, and Who has designed the delicate pencillings upon the petals of flowers, as well as the means by which different plants are propa- gated and dispersed abroad upon the face of the earth. Be it, then, the object of all true Botanists to trace in all that they see of plant life, from the first manifestation of that life, when a plant arises from the seed, to the time when its petals fade away, and its fruit is formed and dispersed by the winds, the hand of Him Who has created the worlds ; thus acknowledging the truth of the words of the Psalmist, ‘‘O Lord, how manifold are Thy works! In wisdom hast Thou made them all: the earth is full of Thy riches.” 40 A Suvbep of the Bonour of Beverel. 10TH OCTOBER, 34 HEN. III., A.D. 1250. With Notes sy Rev. CHARLES KERRY. ma) {ROUGH the kindness of John P. Jackson, Esq., of Stubben Edge, the Editor has been able to place before the readers of this /Jowrna/ an original Survey of the Honour of Peverel never before published. It is of singular value, because it contains a compact list of tenants at one stated time ; whereas the ‘‘ Testa de Nevil,’’ which apparently does the same thing, is certainly composed of surveys and memoranda of different periods, as Mr. Pym Yeatman (to whose most valuable and laborious collections for this county I am so deeply indebted) most clearly shows in his elaborate introduction to his extracts from that record. It seems that the first part of the ‘‘Testa de Nevil,” comprising the Derby- shire and Nottinghamshire portion, was compiled in 1198 ; but the second notice of the Honour of Peverel is stated to have been rendered into the Treasury in 1237 ; and this, again, has reference to tenants of a later period still. Notre.—TZze text, in large type, is a translation of the Latin original. the intervening notes, in smaller type, are by the Editor. By way of preface to this document, the Editor has thought it desirable to give a short pedigree of the Peverels, with a list of the manors belonging to this honour as given in the Domesday Survey. A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 41 PEVEREL PEDIGREE. William I., Maude, d. of = Ranulph, son _ of ““ The Conqueror.” Ingilric. Payne Peverel, stan- Related to dard bearer to Robert, Edwd. Confessor. | Duke of Normandy, father to William the ENN || Conqueror. / William Peverel = Castellane Payne Peverel, Possessed 16 manors in Derby- Peverell, Lord of Brune, shire, besides Peak Castle. of Dover. Cambridgeshire. Nottingham Castle given to (Glover’s ‘‘ Derbyshire,”’ 197-199.) him A.D. 1067-8. Died in disgrace at Court. Toned ee ta William Peverel = Adeline, living 1131-5. j Founder of Lenton Priory (Pipe Rolls.) A.D. I102. Founded a convent of Black Monks near Northampton. Died A.D. 1113. | William Peverel = Odona, of Nottingham Castle. Helped to win the Battle of the Standard. Taken prisoner at Lincoln by Ralph Paganel, to whom Nottingham Castle was given by the Empress. Recaptured by Peverel next year. | aT Henry William Peverel Margaret = Robertde Peverel. Deprived of his estates, ann. 1 Peverel Ferrars, See Deering’s Hen. II., for poisoning Ranulph, Earl of Nottingham, son of R. Meschines, Earl of Derby. pp. 236 & 290. Chester, in 1153. Took the Journal cowl at Lenton, but soon after 1% ELS: fled the kingdom. Hen. II. took all his lands, and bestowed them on his son John at his birth, with the title of Earl of Morteyn. PEVEREL ESTATES IN DERBYSHIRE, mentioned in Domesday.—Belesovre, Glapwell, Esnotrewic, Normantune, Cotenovre, Hainovre, Langlei, Smitecote, Sirelunt, Ufton, Peak Castle, Bradewell, Heselbec, Hoehelai, Habenai (Abney), Watrefeld. 42 A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. (THE ROYAL MANDATE.) Henry by the grace of God King of England, etc., to the sheriff of Nottingham and Derby, greeting. We command thee that in thy full court, and in the presence of the Coroner of the said counties, thou enquire diligently upon the oaths of twelve lawful and trustworthy men of the same counties by whom the verity of the matter may be the better able to be known,— Who are the tenants in the Honour of Peverel in the counties aforesaid : What lands they hold in the same Honour: And how much they are worth: And how much thy predecessors our sheriffs received of the aforesaid lands : Of suits of County and Hundred, Views of Frank Pledge, Sheriff's Turn, Pleas: And other things whilst the aforesaid lands were in the hands of our said sheriffs : And enquiry thereupon distinctly and openly made, such as thou wilt have to warrant before the Barons of our Treasury at Westminster from the day of Saint Martin on the XV" day (i.e., of November, within the octave of St. Martin.—Ed.) under thy seal, and the seals of the Inquisitors, and this letter. In the time of J. Francis at Westm: 1o Oct: in the 34™ year of our reign.” (THE SHERIFF'S RETURN.) “To the Noblemen, and Reverend Lords in Christ, the Barons of the ‘Treasury of our Lord the King, the Sheriff of Nottingham and Derby sendeth saluting with obedience, reverence, and honour. Know ye, that I, being bound by the mandate of our Lord the King, have made inquisition con- cerning the Fee of Peverell in the counties aforesaid, according to the letter of our Lord the King, which I send to you, upon the oath of approved and lawful persons, viz. :—Nicholas de Knyve- ton, Robert de Corlaveton, Will. de Kilvington, John de Eyleston, A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 43 Gilbert de Brunesley, Hugo Cost de Hokenall, Reginald de Ahesleg, Richard de Jorz, John de Leke, and Henry de Byrche- wood of the county of Nottingham, and Elye de Bamford, Roger Fuljambe, Robert de Albeney, Peter de Hirst, Adam le Seneschal, Will. le Luy de Pencz (? Pentrich), Ralph de Wynefeld, and Peter de Ulkelthorpe (Oakerthorfe) of the county of Derby, who say upon their oath that GERARD DE Ruopes holds the Manor of LANnGar with the appurt: and the Manor of C1irron with the appurt: and they value them at £80. And beginning in the time of Philip Mark, first; for the fine of the great Wapentake, View of Frank Pledge, Sheriff's Turn, Suit of County, and for all other pleas and plaints, they give per ann. 25 * which each sheriff after the time of the aforesaid Philip received yearly in his time. _ 1 John.—Gerard de R. paid 23s. 5d. scutage for Clifton and Langare, ‘Isabella his wife.’ He had it of the gift of King John. Ralph his father held the vill. of Langar, 2 Hen. III., when it was worth £30 perann. (‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.” ii. 407.) Philip Marc farmed the county for Gerard de Avicia anno. 11 John. P.M. was Sheriff of Nott. and Derby from 12 John to 9 Hen. III. Ann, widow of Philip Mare was to have roos. for several assarts in Bulwell as long as she lived. (Pipe Ro. 18 Hen. III.) P. Mare holds viii acres of land of the Sergeanty of Sandiacre, and one meadow upon ‘ Irewys’ (Zrewash) 21 H. I11].—(Testa de Nevil.) They say also RICHARD DE WyveErTON holds a moiety of the vill of Wyverton, with the appurtenances valued at £10 per ann: and from the time before named, he gave to each sheriff 3°. 4°. yearly for all the aforesaid matters, and 18%. yearly for sheriff's aid. A.D. 1237.—John de Mendham, Roger de Coston, John le Paumer and Henry de Cotgrave hold in WyVERTON the fourth part of a knight’s fee, and all render suit.—(Testa de Nevil.) They say that RicHarD DE Grey holds a carucate and a half of land in RapcLirFE (upon Trent), which is valued at roo’. per ann., and from the time before named he gave to each 44 A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. sheriff 7°. 3°. for the aforesaid requirements, and 4°. 6%. for sheriffs aid. (See the article on Codnor Casile.) ROBERT DE STRETLEG (Strelley) holds in the vill of ADBoLTON the third part of a carucate of land with the appurt: and it is valued at . . . . per ann: and from the time before named he gave 19". to each sheriff yearly for all the aforesaid matters, and 19%. for sheriff’s aid. ANDREW LUTERFLL holds the manor of GAMELSTON with its appurtenances of the Soke of Clifton, and from the time above mentioned, he gave to each sheriff yearly, for all things as afore- sald. Tosandyiey sens . efomsheritt sraid: Anno 30 H. III. (a.p. 1246)—A. L. had a grant of free warren in Gamelston and Bridgeford, Nottinghamshire.—(Charter Rolls.) They say that WILLIAM DE SIBBETHORPE holds in the vill. of . . thorpe (S7dthorpe) half a knight’s fee, worth 100%. yearly, and he does suit to the Court of Peverell, and pays nothing for suit but pays 4°. per annum for suit of his Wapentake of Newark. ; Anno 16 H. III. (A.D, 1222). William, son of Robert de Sibthorpe, holds half a fee of the Honour of Peverell.—(‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” i. 202.) They say that PETER the son of OspBert holds in Stanton of his wife’s dowry of the heirs of Robert de Salseto 4 a carucate, and it is worth £6 per ann: and from the before named time he gave to each sheriff 18°. yearly for all things aforesaid, and 18°. for sheriff’s aid. Itm. RoBerT DE ReEBERCI holds in the vill of SKIPTON 3 bovates: and they value it at 18°. per ann., and he renders nothing else yearly for all other demands than he makes summons and distraints for the court of Peverell from the Trent southwards. Itm. REGINALD DE COoLEwic holds 25 bovates in WYLEGBY which they value at £6 yearly ; and from the aforesaid time he pays to each sheriff for all the said dues and for sheriff’s aid d Bees A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 45 Itm: The same Reginald holds the manor of CoLEwic which they value at roo®. per ann: and from the aforesaid time he gave to each sheriff, and for sheriff's aid 3°. yearly. ** Reginald de Colwyc holds the land of Colwyc by serjeanty and the jury say his land is worth only £6 per ann.”—(Testa de Nevil). It appears by an escheat of 26 Hen. III. that Reg. de Colwyc was then dead: Philip his son and heir being 40 years of age. In 6 Ed. I the jury found that Reginald Colwyc lived 106 years. He was probably the son of Wm. de Colwyc who 21 Hen. II. paid a fine for having sold a horse to the king’s enemies. He also held lands in Willoughby in the Wolds, soke to Clifton.—( Vide ‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist. ,” ii. 382.) “Of the serjeanty of Roger de Colwicin Colwichand Wyleby nothing is sold, and it is known that for his serjeanty in Colwic upon the arrival of the king in Nottingham once in each year, he should render 12 arrows. and for the serjeanty of Wyleby he should find for the king’s army in Wales one horse worth 13s. 4d., and one sack and one pitcher and one hempen leash worth one farthing.”—(‘‘Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 428.) Itm. Cortin DE Mo ts has the manor of WIpMERPOL, with the appurt : in his custody, with the son and heir of John de Heriz, and it is worth £20 per ann: and from the time aforesaid he paid to each sheriff for all the said dues and for sheriffs aid E25. Itm. The same Colin has in his custody, with the same heir, the Manor or SoutH WINEFIELD, and T'yBESCHELF, which they value at £14 per annum; and from the time before named, he gave to each sheriff for all dues 9%. 7°. Nicholas de Moels (27 Hen. III.) holds in the Co. of Nottingham, in Widmerpol, Gunalveston, Winfield, and Tybshelf 33 fees by custody of the heir of John de Heriz; and the heirs hold of the king in chief; of the gift of King Hen., son of John. (See below under “‘ Sarra de Heriz.”’) I John.—Ivo, son of Robert de Heriz, had a charter of free warren in the woods and lands of S. Winfield. Anno 18 Ed. II. an inquest was held concerning the estates of John Heriz in the abovenamed places. —(Vzwe ‘* Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 442.) Itm. Geoffry de Stapilford holds in Thurmodiston ( Thrumpton) 46 A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL, and Stapleford one Knight's fee, which they value at £6 per annum. For all dues and for Sheriff's aid 2s. per annum. This entry is crossed out in the original record, the reason assigned being ‘‘ because he holds nothing in chief more than of Richard de Stapilford as is said beneath.” Itm. THE Appor OF GERNEDON (? Garendon) holds in Cort- lingstock 42 bovates of land, which they value at £4 per annum. And he is quit of all payments by charter of our lord the King. ‘* They said that William the son of Philip de Cortlingstock gave to the Abbot of Gerewdon’ xxx acres of land in Cortlingstock in free alms which were of the Fee of Cawr3 in the time of the present king.”— (Hundred Kolls: a.D. 1276 ) Itm. RicHaRv DE Grey holds half a knight’s fee in TouEToN (Toton) which they value at Aro per ann. He paid to each sheriff for all dues 9°. per ann. (See the article on Codnor Castle.) ‘‘ Richard de Grey, of Codenoure, was summoned to shew to tlie King by what warrant he claimed to have in the vill of TouEToN, which is a member of the manor of Codnor, in the county of Derby, fines for breach of assize of bread and ale, amercements of hue and cry, effusion of blood, infangthief, outfangthief, gallows, waifs, and free warren in the same vill in all his lands: and free fishery in the waters of Irewys, on the bounds of the vill of Sandyacre, as far as the mill of Chillewell: and also to have in the vill of EstHwayT (see below), which is a member of Codnor, fines for breach of assize of bread and ale, for Hue raised, effusion of blood, and free warren in all his demesnes in the same vill.” —(Hundred Rolls, anno, 3 Edward I.) Itm. RICHARD DE STAPILFORD holds the manor of STAPILFORD for one knight’s fee, and it is valued at £9 per ann. And from, etc., he paid 5°. for all the aforesaid dues, and for sheriff’s aid 9°. Anno 36 Hen. III. Richard, soz of Geoffry de Stapilford.—(Pipe Rolls. ‘* Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” i. 220.) Itm. GILBERT DE BRUNESLEG holds a carucate and a half of land in TROWELL and BrunESLEY, which they value at 100°. per ann. and from, etc., he paid 2°. yearly for the aforesaid dues, and for sheriffs’ aid 4°. This Gilbert was son and heir of Roger de B. and a ward of Ralph Brito’s in 1228, and Roger de Brunsley was son or grandson of Geoffry. ( Fide ‘* Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 383.) A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 47 Itm. WittiAm DE Morteyn holds in WoLAveTon (Wollaton) and Cossat a carucate and a half of land, valued at 100°. He paid, etc., 2°. 6°. yearly, and for sheriff's aid 4°. 6°. per ann. Eustace de Morteyn held these estates from anno 7 to anno 30 Hen. III. Roger de Morteyn holds Cossall and Wollaton for one knicht’s fee, for which he performs suit only. Itm. RoBerT LE VavasourR holds the manor of BILBOROUGH for 3 knight’s fee. It is worth 6°. per ann. From the time before named he paid 20%. to each sheriff, and 3°. for sheriff's aid yearly. This estate, with Shipley, passed to the Strelleys on the marriage of Sir Robert S. (Vo. 9, Strelley Pedigree) with Elizabeth, the heiress of Robert, second Lord Vavasour. Itm. RoBERT DE STRETLEG (Strelley) holds the manor of STRETLEG for half a knight’s fee, and it is valued at 6°. per ann. And from the time, etc., he gave to each sheriff for all dues 20% yearly, and for sheriff's aid 3°. per ann. Itm. ADAM DE ALDESWORTH holds in ALDESWoRTH half a carucate of land worth 20°. per ann. And from the time, etc., he gave for all dues 10*., and for sheriff’s aid 18°. yearly. Anno 12 Ed. 1. Robert, son of Adam de Aldesworth. (Pipe Rolls.) Itm. ROBERT DE KINEMARLEG (? Kimberley) holds in KINEMARLEY half a carucate of land worth 20%. per ann. And from etc., and to each sheriff for all dues, 10%., and for sherift’s aid 18°. yearly. Itm. Huco son of Ratpu holds 2 carucates of land in GRESLEG and WATENOWE, valued at roo%. And from, etc., he gave, etc., 40%. yearly, and for sheriff’s aid 6°. per ann. Anno 12. H. III. (1228), Hugo son of Ralph, and Agnes his wife, daughter and heir of Ralph de Gresley accounted for £15 for her relief for 3 fees which the said Ralph de Gresley held’ of the Honour of Peverell of Nottingham.—(‘* Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” i. 126.) “This Hugh Fitz Ralph was one of the barons who rose against King John. He married and obtained a great inheritance with Agnes dau. and coheir of Ralph de Gresley, by Isabella, dau. of Robert de Muscamp.”—(‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 348.) 48 A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. Itm. RicHarD DE Grey holds half a carucate of land in Estwyc worth roo’. per ann. And from etc., he gave, 10%. and for sheriff’s aid 18°. per ann. Itm. The same Richard holds the manor of CoDENOURE and it is valued at £10 per ann: and from the time aforesaid he gave to each sheriff 9°. per ann. and for sheriffs aid 21°. yearly. “De Isolda de Grey XL. ti: pro quinque feodas militis et dimidia in Codenhoure.”—(Testa de Nevil.) Itm. ROBERT DE WATENOWE holds in WATENOWE one carucate of land worth 100%. per ann. And from the time aforesaid he gave to each sheriff for all the aforesaid 20%. per ann., and for sheriff's aid 3°. yearly. In 21 Hen. IIL. he held half the vill. of Watnall for one fee and service. —(Testa de Nevil.) Itm. LAWRENCE DE ST. MicuaeL holds a carucate of land in LinpEsy worth £7 6%. per ann., and he holds it of our lord the King for one pelisse of seven fesses (or bars) and he renders nothing else. Itm. Our lord the King holds another moiety of Lindeby, worth 47 6°. per ann: and renders nothing else. King John ordered a grey pellisson with nine bars of fur to be made for the Queen. —(Planché 391.) ** PELICIUM, pellis—Anno 1202 Pro capa Hugonis de Gravella & pro pelicio gris £12. Pro duo peliciis escurellorum, et pro duo leporum, 46.” ‘*Facit nomagium planum et petit pelliciam vairiam.”—(Gloss : Du Cange.) Anno 27 Hen. III.—King Henry holds half of Lindeby and farms it for £7 14s. Robert de Marys holds the other half by the wardship of Lawrence heir of Lawrence de St. Michael (Esch. 30 Hen. III.) and renders one pelisse of seven fesses.—(‘‘Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 434.) Itm. HuGH THE son oF WiLLIAM holds half a carucate in Huckna.t by the service of keeping one falcon for our lord the King, and renders nothing else. . Anno 3 Hen. III.—Hugh son of William holds the land of Huck- nal and the mill of Radford.—(Pipe Rolls.) ‘* It is a serjeanty of the king’s for keeping falcons.” —(“ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 413.) A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 49 Itm. AupDa DE BoELL holds one carucate of land in BuLWELL worth roo*. per ann, and he pays nothing else. Itm. RosBert pe CoKEFELD holds in 5, ore ial | one carucate of land worth 1oo%. and for all, etc., 20°, and for sheriff's aid 3°. per ann. Anno 2 Hen. III.—Agatha de Cokefield is a ward of the king’s, her land is at Nurra.t of the Hon. of Peveril and worth 24s, per ann- Anno 27 Hen. III.—Robert de Cokefeld holds one quarter of a fee in NUTHALL,—(Testa de Nevil.) Itm. JoHN DE Orresy holds 4% carucates of land in Basg- FORD worth £9 per ann., and from, etc., etc., paid 7°. 1°. yearly to each sheriff for all dues and for sheriff's aid 12°. 94, (27 Hen. III.) John de O. holds three parts of 1 fee, Itm. WILLIAM DE Passrys holds a carucate and a half of land in Surron valued at 20°., and from, etc., for all services 21169. yearly, and for sheriff’s aid 4°. 6°, 28 Hen. III.—William son and heir of Robert de Passeis, paid 2 marks for his relief—(“ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” i. 212.) Itm. THe Prior of LENTON holds three carucates of land in LENToN, Raprorp and KiLeton (“ Kyzeton” in “ Yeat- man’s Feud. Hist.,”’ ii. 434) valued at 415, and he does nothing else because he is quit by charter of our lord the King. Itm. WitttaM DE BELLO Campo holds three carucates of land in Beston, valued at A#AX15, and from, etc., he gave 5°. to each sheriff for all, etc., and for sheriff’s aid 9°. yearly. (Bello Campo = Beauchamp.) 21 Hen. III. Miles de Bello Campo and Richard hold a fee in Beston. “De Johne de Beauchamp xls. pro uno feodo militis in Beston cum pertinenciis.”—(Testa de Nevill.) Itm. RoBERT DE STRETLEG (Strelley) holds one carucate of land in CHILLEWELL, valued at 50°. per ann., and he gave to each sheriff 20%. for, etc., and for sheriff's aid 3°, yearly. Itm. Henry DE ByrcHEWopE holds the fourth part of a carucate of land in Bramcore, valued at 41°. per ann., and from, etc., he gave 5°., and for sheriff’s aid 9°. 4 50 A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. Itm. Ropert De Noers holds the + of a knight’s fee in Co.twyc valued at roo’., and from, etc., he gave 12°. yearly, etc., and for sheriff's aid 12°. Itm. SaRRA DE Heriz, who was the wife of JOHN DE HERIZ, holds the manor of GUNOLVESTON in dower, of the inheritance of John, her son, who is in the custody of Colin de Mol, valued ate “iepervanns, ‘atid’ frem;* etc.) she pave, ete "57 44. per ann., and for sherift’s aid 6°. (See p. 45). Itm. RaLtpH DE WopEBuRG (Woodborough) holds a carucate of land in WoprBuRG valued at t1oo%, and from, etc., he gave, etc., 3°., yearly, and for sheriff's aid 3°. (‘‘Respeciatis in tergo”) Itm. They said also that MATTHEW DE HaversacE holds the manor of KINEWoLDMERS (Xi//amarsh) valued at 100%. perann. And from, etc., he gave, etc., 2°. 10$%., and for sheriff's aid nothing ; because he is of the free Wapentake of S. de Bello Campo. ** De Cecilia de Menyl 40s. pro uno feodo militis in Kynewaldemerse.”’ —(Testa de Nevill). Pipe Roll 12 Hen. III. Matthew de Hathersage and Alicia de Criddeling paid 200 marks for having seizin of the land which was Isabella Meisnell’s, cousin of the said Matthew and Alice, which was held of the king in chief.—(‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” i. 195.) Itm. RoBERT LE BReETON holds the manor of WALETON with its appurt: and it is valued at £8 per ann. And from, etc., he gave, etc., 7°. 8°, and for sheriff’s aid, nothing ; because of the free Wapentake of the same. Robert Briton of Walton, pd. 40s. scutage, 5 John. ‘‘ Ralph Abbott of Darley (1229—1247), conveyed to Robert, son of Robert de Walton (Brito), etc., for his homage and service the whole land of Oggeston> which the same Robert held of Ralph, son of Ralph de Wessington, to hold to the said Robert, etc., and their heirs.” —(‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 350. Roger de Breton held Walton, 30 Ed. I.; another Robert had it 20 Edward III. Itm. Simon, the son of Huco, and WILLIAM, the son of RIcHARD, held the manor of GLAPwELL. It is worth 5 marks per A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 51 ann. And from, etc., he gave, etc., 23%, and for sheriff's aid nothing ; because of the free Wapentake of the same. Anno 21 Hen. III., Simon de Glapwell holds half a fee in Glapwell, and does suit. Anthony de Beck holds half a fee in Glapwell of the fee of Thomas de Glapwell, with suit by the said Thomas.—(‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” ii. 146.) Itm. JOHN DE Grey holds the manor of SCHIRLOND with the appurt: It is valued at £6 per ann. And from, etc., he paid nothing ; because he never gave to this kind of assessment (‘‘Geldas’’), and for sheriff's aid nothing. (See the article on Codnor Castle, p. 31). Itm. RANULPH, son of RANULPH LE POER, is the heir of NoRMANTON and Pinxron, which are in the keeping of our lord the King and the Lady of Norton. And the said Ranulph is under age: and they value it at 100%. per ann. And from, etc., he gave, etc., 4°. 94°. and for sheriffs aid nothing, because of the same free Wapentake. 27 Hen. III.—Ran: le Poer held } fee of the Honour of Peverel, in Penkeston. Thomas, lord of Norton, occurs 21 Ed. III. in a muster roll of that date, under ‘‘ Alfreton.” —(Yeatman’s ‘‘ Feud. Hist.,” ii. 48r.) ‘* Sum of the pence from both parts until this present, £13 8s 64d.” WaAPENTAKE OF PEAK, Itm. They say that Ropert Basser holds a knight’s fee in Haddon and Baslow, and it is worth £20 per ann. And the sheriffs of Derby never took anything of the aforesaid lands con- cerning suits of County, Hundreds, Views of Frank Pledge, Sheriffs Turn, nor any other things, because it was always in the hands of the Bailiff of the Peak for the time being; 7z.e., the Bailiff received yearly for sheriff's aid for the said land 5°., and nothing more. fin. =. : . ... holds one Knight's feein Eyum and it is valued at #20 per ann. And he gives 4°. yearly for the tS elie area tate ie ag 27 Hen. III. William de Morteyn holds one knight's fee in Eyam of the king in chief, for which he pays 40s,—(Testa de Nevill.) 52 A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. Rem a sts bes Bz Lee Zonda as n*” holds a knight’s fee in Bakewell. It is valued at £30 per ann., and he gives nothing tOs ews crs A Palirey? os corre Anno 2 John.—Ralph Gernun paid £7 scutage for his fee in Bakewell. —(Pipe Rolls.) 4 Ed. II.—William Gernon held a fee in Bakewell. Itm. RicHarRD DE AsForD holds the manor of Asford valued at £30 perann., and he gives 12°. yearly for sheriff's aid to the same bailiff. Tint ‘Richard’ de. at ye holds half a knight’s fee in BEELEY valued at £10 per ann. He gives 2°. for the said aid to the Bailiff. Warner de Beelegh, and afterwards his son Serlo, held this manor about the reign of Richard I. Itm. Henry DE Dervey holds half the vill of Derley worth 60°. per ann., and he gives 2°. yearly for the aforesaid aid to the bailiff. 42 Hen. III].—Henry, son of Henry de Derley.—(Pipe Rolls.) [farce \yViieryNi) SAO Bl 5m, Des Gk one d. ville de Derleg,”’ with the son and heir of Andrew de Derleg. It is valued at 60°. per ann., and he gives 2°. for the aid aforesaid. Perhaps the former part should read—“ William de Ken‘d’al holds half the vill of Derley (Glover). The last ‘d,’ with the abbreviation, is clearly for ‘d@’ imidium=half. 33 Hen. III. (1249)—William de Grey paid 40 marks for having the custody of the land and heir of Andrew de Derley. Itm. SAMPSON DE STRETLEGH holds the manor of “..... ‘ch (Haselba‘ch’). It is worth 60°. per ann., and he gives 2°. for the said aid to the same bailiff. Itm. PauLinus DE LAnciTon holds the manor of Tideswell. It is valued at too*. per ann. And he pays 4°. yearly for the aid aforesaid to the same bailiff. Anno 35 Hen. III.—Paulinus had a grant of markets and a fair in Tydeswell—(‘‘ Yeatman’s Feud. Hist.,” iii. 5). For this privilege he * (? ‘© Wid/ Gernoz.”) A SURVEY OF THE HONOUR OF PEVEREL. 53 paid 11 marks in the 48th of Hen. III. Cecily, widow of Paulinus, occurs 4 Ed. I. King John gave the vill of Tidiswelle with the appurtenances to Thomas de Lameley for 60s. (Jer anz.), payable at Peak Castle, and it descended to Monekino, his son, and he had two daughters: one of these died without an heir, and Master Paulinus de Pauntone~ (? Langton, or Langton v. ‘‘ Launtone”), who married the other daughter, holds the whole village aforesaid. And Paulinus sold the said vill to Richard Danyel in the time of King Henry (III.), father of King Edward, and after the decease of the said Richard it descended to John Daniel, his son, who is the present tenant.—(Hundred Rolls, anno 3 Ed. I., A.D. 1275.) Itm. RICHARD DE VERNON holds the manor of HADDON and Bastow. They are valued at #20 per ann., and he gives nothing for aid because King John, father of the present King, attorned homage and service of the said manor to the lord the Earl of Ferrers. They also said upon their oath that the Castle of the Peak as well as the Forest of Peak with other demesnes, viz. :—The villages of Peak, Tadington, Prestclive, Bradwell, a carucate of land in Hover Haddon, the third part of Hope, Thornhill, a moiety of Aston, which are in the demesne of our lord the King, are in the keeping of William de Horsenden now Bailiff of the Peak.” (Exchequer Q.R. Misc: Minister's Accounts, Weedings—*** Record Office.) 54 Hermits, fords, and Brtdge-Chapels, By Rev. Cuas. KERRY. topher in his struggle through the turgid ford with the Holy Child, without noticing a figure on the bank of the river holding a lantern or torch for the direction and assistance of the saint. This individual represents the medizeval hermit of the ford. The circumstances attending the legendary life of S. Christopher—his direction by a hermit to devote his strength to the service of Christ by carrying travellers or pilgrims over dangerous streams, his solitary life, his devotion to his labours, and finally his high and singular reward — seem to have powerfully influenced the hermitical devotees of the middle ages. Bridges were few and far between, fords treacherous and perilous, and pilgrims bent on holy errands were many ; what work could commend itself to the benevolent-minded Christian more than the guardianship of a ford? Indeed, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries there was hardly a ford, causeway, or bridge, without such an attendant ; and when, by the liberality of travellers, or the munificence of the wealthy, bridges were made to span the old ford or ferry, the services of the hermit and his primitive oratory were not discarded. As late as 1488, some cen turies after the bridge of S. Mary’s, Derby, had been erected, there was a resident ‘“‘ hermit” in charge of it, and a chapel, too, with its chaplain, to pray for the king, for the benefactors of the bridge, and the God-speed of the travellers. HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 55 (I was strangely reminded some time ago of this old-world state of things when crossing the fields between Wallingford and Ben- sington ; the footpath led me to the side of the Thames ; the ferry- boat was moored on the other side ; there was no visible attendant, and the cottages were at some distance beyond the boat. After straining my voice in vain, and beginning to think of returning to Wallingford, I saw a large ‘von cow-bell (much the shape of the old four-sided saints’ bells of Ireland), suspended by a chain to a post by the river side. A vigorous peal had the desired effect ; a cottage door opened, and in a few more minutes I was safely landed on the Bensington shore by the modern “ hermit ”’ of the ferry.) S. Christopher was considered an efficacious medium against fire and flood ; and if his frescoes were so common in our parish churches in the middle ages, and placed in the most conspicuous position on the walls (very frequently on the north wall, opposite the main entrance), how much more must his stalwart figure—so potent against disasters by za/ex—have confronted the traveller in the old ford chapels. The monitory legend usually painted beneath ran thus :— ‘ Cristofort faciem die quacungue tueris,” ‘‘Zlla wempe Die morte mala non morieris.” ze., “On whatsoever day thou dost behold the face of Christopher E’en so upon that day thou shalt not die an evil death.” The duties of the hermit of a ford seem to have been undertaken ‘ad majorem Dei gloriam,” and the office was accordingly assumed with much solemnity. The Pontifical of Abp. Bainbridge of York, A.D. 1508—14, gives a special office for the benediction of a recluse and his dwelling. Perhaps the following extract from the Episcopal archives of Ely, which have been recently indexed at the charge of Lord Alwyn Compton, the present Bishop, (would that others would follow his most laudable example !), will give a better insight into the medizeval management of bridges than any words of mine could convey. 56 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. Translation. ‘‘ \Ve make known to all by these presents that on the 23rd day of the month of June, 1491, in the cathedral church of Ely, the Divine Office having been solemnly celebrated, we received the Profession of John Thomson, hermit of the causeway of Erith (Cambridgeshire), and have invested him with the hermitical habit, and laid upon the same John, then and there, our injunc- tions, charges, and agreements. And whereas the same John hath nothing of his own whereby he is able to live, except he be suc- coured by the faithful in Christ, devoted to God, and to gifts and alms of charity. And whereas we believe that as often as we stir up the minds of the faithful to the exercise of this kind of piety by the alluring gifts of indulgences, they are the more inclined to do them, ‘De Deiigitur,’ etc. ‘ Cunctis Christi fidelibus de peccatis, suis,’ etc. Therefore they who shall contribute food or any other things for the sustenance of the said John shall have ten days of indulgence ; but to them who shall contribute silver, or any of their goods, or who shall assign or bequeath a subsidy of charity towards the reparation of the bridge and common way there, we, by these presents, graciously grant forty days of indulgence as often as they shall perform the same during the life of the said John. In testi- mony of which, etc. Given in our palace of Ely, on the day, month, and year above written, and in the fifth year of our translation.”—(Bp. Alcock’s Register, p. 72.) Another extract from the same Register gives us the exact form of words used by the hermit in making his Profession. Translation. “The 25th day of the month of February, a.p. 1493, the same lord bishop, in the Hall of Gonvyll, Cambridge, dedicating or consecrating a certain chapel there, and in Pontificals celebrating a solemn mass there, Robert Mitchell and John Smith, neither of them being joined in matrimony, were professed under the form of words following :—‘ I, Robert Michyll, not joined in matrimony, promise and vow to God and the Blessed Mary, and to all saints, HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 57 in the presence of the Reverend Father and Lord, John, by the grace of God, Bishop and ordinary of this diocese of Ely, that I will lead a life of perpetual chastity, according to the rule of Saint Paul, the first hermit. In the name of the Father and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. And in sign of this my profession, I here subscribe. -~ ‘‘ Et ego Johannes Smyth non jungatus, etc., ut supra -fe.” The following may serve to throw a little light upon the policy which seems to have given some impetus at least to the ecclesias- tical authorities in the encouragement of bridge building, etc., but considering the belief of the period in the availing merits of the saints and the virtue of their relics, they must certainly be accredited with the best of motives. 12 Sep. 1458. (Reg. Gray, fo. 35. Ely.) “‘Universis Episcopis, &c. Pium obsequium et Deo gratum tociens impendere opinamur quociens mentes fidelium ad caritatis vel alterius pie devocionis opera allectivis indulgentiarum numeri- bus propensius excitamus. Cum igitur ecclesie nostra Eliensis aquis et paludibus sit circumdata adeo quod reliquis sanctarum virginum in ea quiescentium not valet a devotis ut debetur exhiberi visitacio nisi per pontes et calcet’ quorum difficilis est reparacio et ad quos reparandos propter eorum cotidianam reparacionem cotidiana beneficiorum necessaria est largitio. Inde est quod Wil- lielmum Grene heremitam latorem presertium virum fidelem qui precepto nostro et communi consilio ecclesie nostre Eliensis pro salute anime sue curam reparacionis calcetorum de Stanteneye et Soham et pontium in eisdem suscepit ad vestre caritatis destina- mus subsidium Vos in Domino exhortantes ut eum favourabiliter exadiautis ; De Dei igitur, &c., qui ad reparacionem poncium calcetorum de Stantenye et Some—manus porresciunt adjutentes quadraginta dies,” etc.* Having referred to these archives, which abound with similar information with regard to bridges and hermits in the Fen districts, For these extracts we are indebted to the courtesy of the Rev. J. H. Crosby, The College, Ely. 58 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. there can be no doubt that the Registers of other dioceses throughout England teem with matter equally interesting relative to their particular sees. Surely something might be done by the authorities in the way of epitomizing or fully indexing these invaluable evidences of local history and the religious life of the kingdom in the middle ages ; it seems so sad that these priceless tomes belonging to the ancient Church of England should not, in the presence of the restored life of that Church, be made to reveal something of the spirit which pervaded her inner life, and which led to such wondrous results, in- stead of being buried in the musty oblivion of our Episcopal Registries. From the Registers of Ely chiefly, then, with regard to the status of a hermit of a ford, we may learn— ist. That the hermit elect made a religious profession before the Bishop, and was then invested by the Bishop in a particular dress to be worn by him. 2nd. That the recluse and his dwelling received a special benediction. 3rd. That they were not (necessarily) in Holy Orders, special chaplains being appointed to say the offices in the bridge-chapels. 4th. That they were not always celibates; for in 1488 the hermit of St. Mary’s Bridge, Derby, was a married man. 5th. The bailiffs or other local authorities inducted the hermit into his office on receipt of the Bishop's letters. 6th. That a Royal Licence was required to empower them to demand tolls for the repair and sustentation of their bridges, and that this licence usually expired after a lapse of three or four years. 7th. The hermit was usually sustained by the alms and dona- tions of travellers, moved to this good work in times of special necessity by episcopal indulgencies. 8th. That the bridge hermitages were under the special control of the Bishop of the diocese. In Bishop Fordham’s Register (Ely), in the year 1400, is re- corded an indulgence to all who shall contribute to the road from Milton to Sydyngbourne, and to the support of William Fayreford, HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 59 poor hermit, diligently labouring for the repair of the same, and for Waterbech and Denny and Denny and Stretham causeways, and William Rogere, hermit ; and for Jo. Oblyn. (Is this name derived from his ‘ obdding’ gait, because it is stated that he “in tibia sua sinistra maculat ?” Evidently a case of “ The right man in the right place.”) Anno 1401—Indulgence for Wittlesford-brigge chapel, and Jo. Lucas, hermit there. In Bishop Grey’s Register, anno 1454-79, we have a mandate from the Bishop to the Bailiff of Brandon, requiring him, ‘‘whereas Thomas Passhelaw, lately the occupant of our Her- mitage upon the bridge of Brandon was dead,” to admit John Herryman to be hermit there for his life ‘si bene se gesserit’ (if he behave himself well), the said hermit to keep the buildings of the hermitage in due repair out of the offerings received of those who should cross the bridge. (Gibbon’s « Ely Epis. Records.’’) With this preface, let us now turn to the Bridge of St. Mary at Derby. The Rev. Dr. Cox in his “ Churches of Derbyshire,” iv., 102-6, gives a most interesting account of this structure, with an inventory of the ornaments and valuables contained in the Chapel in 1488. This latter is very curious and valuable, as being probably the only inventory extant of a Hlermitage chapel, and the more so, because it was taken before any danger of confisca- tion was apprehended, and before the era of embezzlement had commenced. ‘““And the saide John and Thos. Oxle the same tyme made accompt to the saide auditors of all juels and ornamentes beyinge att the Mary of Brigge that be in the custody of John Shenton, Armett (/ermit) and his wyffe—Syr John Dale then their pste (priest). Inprm one cote of crymyson velvett endented with golde that my lady Gray gaffe, and opon hytt y° Ixvj penyes, ij gilte penies, one gilte ob (farthing), ij penese of ij4, one grotte, an Be of silver, ij shelles of sylver, one herte of silver, a mounde of silver, one broche of copur, and gylte, ij shaftes of silver, one cristall stone inclosed in silver. 60 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. Also one cote of blewe velvett yt my lady Chamburlayne gaffe ; Thereupon y* a crowen of sylver and gylte that John Boroes gaffe. Item a grette broche of siluer and gylte with a stonne in hytt. Also one case of Redde satten with buttons of siluer and gylte. Itm’ Ix penes, iij gylt penes, one peny of ij*, one crosse of syluer. Item a casse of veluett, one broche, and one peny of hytt, and a crystall stonne. Itm’ one garment y‘ my lady Longforth gaff of blewe veluett and Rede. And on y‘ ys a crucifix of siluer and gylte, with a rynge of golde that maistres Bonynton gaffe, Also a a rynge of siluer and gilte, another of cop’, vj stey“ a iiij‘ and vj halfe pens, iij grotes, iij pens of ij", vj flewes (flowers) of siluer and gilte, Itm’ x Curall bedes with ij siluer gawdyse. Itm’ one cote to o" Lorde of Crymysyn veluett furred with manyver’ (minever) y' my lady Longforth gaff. Opon hytt y°a shylde of syluer with v bende pens, Itm xi pens, and v gylte pens, a peny of ij’, Itm one .payr of bedes of siluer gaudied with corall y' Oxlee wyff gaff. Itm’ one stone closed in siluer, with one cross of siluer, one broch of siluer, ij other broches of siluer and gilte, with one colar of blak perle with xvij belles of siluer and gylte. Itm one payre of bedes of corall, gaudede, havynge gaudeses of with a cristall stone set in siluer, and a stone of corall that Richard Baker wyfe gaffe. Itm’ another payre of bedes of corall, with gaudese of siluer and gylte, with one golde rynge, and ij rengs of siluer and gilte, with ij crucifixes of syluer and gylte, that Richard Sale wyffe gaffe. Itm one payre of bedes of corall, gaudede with syluer, y' Richard Colyar wyffe gaffe. Itm’ one payre of bedes of blak jette. Itm’ one payre of bedes of corall, with a crose stone, with xxv gaudies of siluer, with a tufte set with perles y' Roger Justice wyfe gaffe. Itm’ one gylte gyrdel y' maistress Entwysel gaffe. Itm’ one purpulle gyrdel y‘ Edmund Dey wyffe gaffe. HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 61 Itm’ one blewe gyrdell hernest with vij studdes on hytt, y‘ John Hyll wyffe gaffe. Ite one whyte vestemente of damaske, with ale thynges that longeth to y‘, and ij corporaxes of Rede veluett. It’ v alt’ clothes, ij of them twille. It v towells, one of them of twylle, and ij pax bredes. Itm iiij frontels, one of blew say with sterres on hytt, y' St James Blounte Knyght gaffe. Item in the Chapelle y° ij masbokes, j sawter, one chalice of silver and gylte, ij cruettes—one coper; ij cushens of tapstre wark that Alesome Sonkye gaffe, one pyloe of corall, ij cappes to o* Lorde, one blewe velvett, with one peyre of bedes gaudede with perle, with iij stones of corall, and one peny of hytt. Itm’ another of blak with crowned. . . . . of y* and one flower of siluer and gylte. Itm ij candelstikkes of latten. and xix tapurs of wax.”’ It seems somewhat remarkable that out of the fourteen bene- factors recorded in this Inventory, no less than twelve of them should be women, from which it may be almost safely concluded that there was a guild of sisters of “Our Lady of the Bridge” in connection with the hermitage chapel—as there was at Chesterfield in connection with the chapel of St. James by the Bridge there.* That there was a famous image of the Virgin and Child in the chapel is quite clear from the foregoing inventory. Two “coats” * The formation of guilds for the maintenance of bridges was very common in the middle ages, ¢.g., ‘‘ In the year 1452 Thomas Mettingham, priest of the chauntry founded by John Hosebonde in Maidenhead Chapel, petitioned Henry VI. to grant his licence for the establishment of a Guild in the said chapel, to be called the ‘‘ Overseer, Wardens, Brethren and Sisters of the Fraternity or Guild of S. Andrew and S. Mary Magdalen of Madenhuth,” for the following purposes :—First, The maintenance, etc., of the chauntry ; and secondly, for the continual reparation and keeping up of the bridge over the Thames, which had then gone far into decay, and was exceedingly dangerous.” —(Gorham.) By the exertions of the brethren of the Holy Cross at Abingdon the bridges at Burford and Culhamford with the causeway between them were erected. This guild was first incorporated in 1442, when they were empowered to possess lands of £40 a year. In 1457 they supported two chaplains, one of whom was called the ‘‘ Bridge-priest,” who was to pray for the benefactors to the bridge and road. Their salary was £6 13s. 4d. each perannum. The guild was dissolved in 1547, when their rental amounted to £85 15s. 6d.—(Lyson ) 62 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. and a ‘‘garment”’ (undefined as to their use, but from their trickings obviously designed for an image) are named with another coat appropriated to “o" Lorde,” from which it may be inferred that the first-named were intended for “ were of d/ue, the colour usually selected for the Virgin’s apparel. By ‘cote’ we may understand a kirtle or gown, and by ‘‘ garment” o' lady.”” Two of them an outer cope or mantle. The quaint appearance of the images (the Sacred Infant wear- ing a little cap)—arrayed in costly velvets, covered with rings, rosaries with “ gawdies” (the larger beads for Ave Marias), shells, arrows, flowers, brooches, all of silver, and some gilt—with numbers of bent or lucky pennies, all stitched securely on, presents a charming picture of the display of the votive offerings of the middle ages. -The hermit was a married man, and therefore a secular, whose duty it was to collect the tolls; no very agreeable task at any time, but particularly so in these times—julging at least from the tolls defined by the pontages. One of these for St. Mary’s Bridge is dated 19 Edward II., a.p. 1326. The following is a transla- tion of a portion of it :—“ The King, etc., Know ye that in aid of the reparation and emendation of the bridge of the town of Derby, which as we are given to understand is broken and ruinous, we grant to you for the term of three years from the date hereof, that ye may take by the hands of those in whom ye may confide, and for whom ye wish to be responsible, the following tolls or customs on account of those things coming and passing over :— “ For any load of grass, }°. ‘‘ For any horse, mare, and cow, y. “For any skin of horse, ox, or cow,—fresh, salt, or tanned, }*. “ For any cart carrying meat—salt or fresh, 34 “ For 5 ‘bacons,’ }*. (‘ Baconibus.’) “ For any Salmon—fresh or salt, 3°. “For any ‘ centena mulvellorum heals et sticarum atic larium sallicarum ven unu denar.” (A centena contained 13} stones of 8 lbs. each, i.e, 108 lbs. The “ mulvel” was a fish taken plentifully in the North Sea in summer, and called by the HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS, 63 Londoners, “Green fleb,” and by the men of Lancashire, ‘‘milwen,”—probably the mullet. ‘ Congrorum ”—designed for the church.”—(Du Cange “ Gloss.”) Or for any salted Eels, 1°. For ten boars or pigs, 1°. For a centena of Aberdeen fish, 3°., etc., etc.”’ (See under Swarkeston. ) Disputes must often have occurred between the hermit and his passengers with regard to the tolls: the pigs would certainly be a difficult problem according to numbers, as money was then— there being no halfpence and farthings ; and it was no doubt owing to something of this kind that the hermit of St. Mary’s on one occasion found himself in trouble at Not- tingham, 4.D. 1467-8. “The tithingman of Middle Pavement present that. Robert Allen and William Thurkell, goldsmith, made an assault upon the hermit of the bridge of the town of Derby: fined 6°.”—“ Nottingham Borough Records,” ii., 270. Three Pontages for St. Mary’s Bridge may be found in the Patent Rolls: 1% Pat., 19 Edward II., m. 26—just quoted. 2" Pat., 2 Edward III., m. 22, and 1* Pat., 3 Edward III., m. 27. As these pontages, however, are merely grants to the burgesses to collect tolls at specified rates for limited periods, for the repairs of the bridge, 1 have not copied them at length. SWARKESTON. The most famous bridge in Derbyshire is that of Swarkeston, crossing the Trent in the vicinity of Stanton, in which parish the greater part of the structure is situated. This bridge, with its contiguous causeways, is said to be nearly a mile in length. Upon it, and in the middle of the river, stood an ancient chauntry chapel. A legend is current that this bridge was first erected at the sole expense of two maiden sisters, who had the misfortune to lose their lovers when attempting to ford the swollen waters of the Trent together at that point, on an intended visit to their be- trothed. It is said that the disconsolate ladics expended the 64 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. whole of their fortunes on this large undertaking, and lived the remainder of their days together in poverty. The earliest reference to this bridge that I have yet discovered is in the Hundred Rolls. It is as follows :—‘‘ Inquisition held at Derby on the Feast of S. Hilary, in the Church of S. James, Anno 3 Edward I. (Oct. 1, a.p. 1275). The jury reported that the merchants of the soke of Melbourne passing over the bridge of Swarkeston and other places within the limits of the liberty (concerning receipt of passage money and toll of our lord the king pertaining to his borough of Derby) are always accustomed to withhold passage and toll on their own power and authority to the prejudice of our lord the king and the Borough of Derby. Three years have elapsed already since they have withheld the said passage money and tolls, unjustly and without warrant.” The Patent Rolls give three pontages for Swarkeston ; viz. :— 2 Pat., ro Edward II., m. 31.3 1° Pat., 12 Edward IIL, mm. 26 This latter was granted to the men of Swarkeston for four years ; the collectors of the bridge tolls being Hugo del Caike, and John the son of Adam. Given at Westminster, March 1st, 1338. The next will be found on the 3" Pat., 29 Edward III., and is as follows :— ‘**Concerning the receiving of customs for the reparation of the Bridge of Swarkeston.”’ —‘‘ The King to his beloved bailiffs and approved men of the town of Derby, saluting : Know ye that in aid of the bridge of Swerkeston, which to a great extent is ruinous and broken, and especially dangerous to men passing over, and manifestly injurious to the neighbourhood, We grant for the reparation, etc., unto you from the day of the date hereof, to the end of three years next following, that ye may take by the hands John the son of Adam de Melbourne, senior, and John the son of Adam de Melbourne, junior, for the things crossing by the bridge aforesaid, the following customs :— “For any load of grass, hay, brush, or brushwood (‘ brasia’), +°. “For any horse, mare, ox, or cow, }*. “For any cask (‘ dolium ’) of wine, 2". For any pipe of wine, 1°. “For any skin of horse, mare, ox, or cow, fresh, salt, or tanned, }4 EE HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 65 “For 5 flitches of bacon (‘ baconibus’), salted or dried, }°. “For every ten pigs, 1°. For ten fleeces, 4°. “ For a centena of clothing of wool, or goats’ hair, 1°. ‘“For a centena (108 Ibs.) of skins of lambs, goats, hares, squirrels, foxes, cats, 3°. ‘* For every centena of dressed fur (vairé, very costly), 6%. “ For every quarter of salt, 3°. “ For every pack saddle load (‘sumagio’) of cloth,—or drawn by cart, 3°. “ For every centena of cloth of worstead, 2°. For every texture of ‘ wostede’ which is called ‘coverlit,’ of the value of 40°; 54. *“‘ For every centena of linsey, 1°. ““*De chief de cendallo affoyciato,’ 1°. [Probably veils or coverings for the head, of pure thin silk—zzde, Dr. Rock’s “ Tex- tile Fabrics ” and “ Cendalum,” [Du Cange.] “For other cendal, }*. “ For every centena of mulvel—salt, or hard baked, 2°. “De centena pristis marini,’ $°. “ For every sumpter load of sea fish. For every salmon, }°. “ For every 12 lampreys, 1°. “For every cask of sturgeons, $°. “ For every last of ‘ Allecis ’ (little fish fit for salting) 6°. “For every cart load of tan, by the week, 1°. “For moveables of weight, viz., every 108 lbs., 1°, “For every quarter of ‘ Waide’ 2°. (a herb used by fullers, of detergent properties) ? Woad. “For every bale of Cordovan 3°. (very soft leather prepared at Cordova fronr goat skins). “For every load of Brushwood or charcoal, }°. “For every centena of faggots, 4°. “For every thousand of turf, }*. For every cart load of ashes or timber, by the week, 3°. “For every centena of tin, brass, or copper, 2°. “For every burden of ale (Batella carcato), burnt turf, or any other things not here specified of the value of 5°. and more, }°. 5 66 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. ‘‘And we command you that ye take the aforesaid tolls and customs for three years in the form aforesaid, and the pence arising therefrom ye use for the reparation, &c., of the bridge aforesaid, and for no other purposes. Given at Reading the 28th of December, 1347.” From an inquisition held at Newark, October 26th, 1503, we learn that a parcel of meadow land lying between the bridge and Ingleby had been given in early days to the Priory of Repton, on the tenure of supplying a priest to sing mass in the chapel on Swarkeston Bridge ; but that there was then no such priest, nor had one been appointed for the space of 20 years. The Church- wardens of Stanton in 1552 reported, ‘‘ We have a chapell edified and buylded uppon Trent in y* mydest of the greate streme anexed to Swerston bregge the whiche had certayne stuffe belong- yng to it, ij desks to knele in, a Table of wode, and certayne barres of yron and glasse in the wyndos, whiche Mr. Edward Beamont of Arleston hath taken away to his owne use, and we saye that if the Chapell dekeye, the brydge wyll not stonde.”— “Churches of Derbyshire.” iii., 471. The third bridge in Derbyshire, which seems to have had an oratory and a hermitage connected therewith, is CROMFORD, although hitherto I have not been able to find any original cor- roborative evidence. ‘ Tradition has it (writes Rev. Dr. Cox) that this (the old chapel near Cromford Bridge) was an oratory for the use of those who were about to cross the ford of Cromford, and that fees were paid to the priest in charge by the travellers.” (‘‘ Churches of Derbyshire,” ii., 573-) This bridge, apparently coceval with those of Duffield and Matlock, was constructed in the early half of the 14th century, and all of them were widened on the north or upper side about the beginning of the present century. At its south western corner, near the cottage, are the remains of a small rectangular building with a Gothic doorway, clearly coceval with HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 67 the oldest portions of the bridge, and this I take to have been the residence of the hermit. The episcopal registers of Lichfield, if consulted, might give a satisfactory solution, and throw much light, not only on this, but on others in the county —Swarkeston especially, which, from its size, must have been a continual drain on the charity of the country. The following interesting inscription appears on a coping stone of Cromford Bridge above the remains of the hermitage :— THE, LEAP OF Me? “B. H. MARE IVNE, 1697.” No one, unfortunately, seems to know anything of this remarkable circumstance ; but certain it is that from this spot the mare must have fallen nearly 25 feet into the river below. The bridge then was very narrow, the parapet high, and it would seem that the mare, probably coming at full speed from Cromford, upon turning the corner of the bridge, found the narrow passage blocked— perhaps by sheep or cattle—and so to escape collision bounded over the side into the river. Whether she had a rider, or whether any loss of life occurred, there seems to be no means of-ascertain ing, but it appears to have created some sensation at the time, for the inscription is well and deeply engraven. CHESTERFIELD. Glover in his “ History of Derbyshire ” mentions the chapel of St. James, formerly standing by Lordsmill Bridge. This must be the chapel in which Richard Nevill, Earl of Salisbury, who became possessed of the manor of Chesterfield in right of his wife Alice, one of the coheiresses of Edmund, Earl of Woodstock, founded a chauntry by royal licence in 1446. The licence taken from the Patent Ro. (25 Hen. VI. p. 2, No. 462, m. 10) is as follows :— (Trauslation.) “The King to all to whom, &c. Know ye that we for us and our heirs, as much as in us lies give and grant licence to our most dear cousin Richard Earl of Salisbury that he, his heirs, or executors, may found a chauntry for one chaplain in a 63 HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. certain chapel at Chesterfield, constructed near (juxta) the bridge there, in honour of the Assumption of the Blessed and Glorious Virgin Mary, to celebrate divine service every day in the said chapel for the health and good estate of us, and of our Consort Margaret Queen of England, and for the aforesaid Earl, and Alice his wife, whilst we live, and for our soul, and the soul of the afore- said Queen, when she shall have departed from this life, and for the souls of all the faithful departed for ever, and of the five women sisters perpetually devoted, in the chapel aforesaid, &c., according to the appointment of the said Earl. And to make, found, and erect houses and edifices near the same chapel, for the station or lodging of the said chaplain, and sisters, and that he may be able to reconstruct them and build them ‘de zovo.’ And that the chauntry thus founded and established, shall for ever be called ‘ The Chauntry of the Earl of Salisbury of Chesterfield,’ and that the chaplain of the aforesaid chauntry and the sisters of the same and their successors, when so founded, erected, and estab- lished, shall form one body ; and that they shall be able to obtain and appropriate to themselves and their successors, any lands, tenements, rents, and possessions whatsoever, both temporal and spiritual, to the value of 20 marks per annum ; which is not held of us in chief of any person or persons, &c., &c. Teste R. apud Westm. viij die Julii. (a.p. 1446.)” I have not the means of ascertaining the number of bridge chapels once existing in England. A few still remain in their time-honoured positions, but by far the majority have perished with the old bridges they once so quaintly adorned. Of those which remain, perhaps the chapel on Wakefield Bridge is the best known. Others were— Tue Cuapet on Lonpon Bripce. The following story given by John Stowe of the originof this, is typical of the early history of others whose origin is unknown. ‘A ferry being kept in the place where now the Bridge is builded, at length the ferryman and his wife deceasing, left the same ferry to their onely daughter, a maiden named Mary, which, with the goods left her by her parents, as also with the profits rising of the said ferry, duz/ded an house HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. 69 of Sisters, in place where now standeth the East part of S. Mary Overees Church above the Queer, where she was buried, unto which house she gave the oversight and profits of the Ferry. But afterward, the said house of Sisters being converted into a college of Priests, the Priests builded the Bridge of Timber as all other the great Bridges of this Land were, and from time to time kept the same in good reparation, till at length, considering the great charges which were bestowed in the repairing the same, there was (by ayd of the Citizens and others) a Bridge builded with stone. The arches, chappell and Stone Bridge over the Thames at London having been 33 yeers in building was in the year 1209 finished. . . . Peter Colechurch, Priest and chaplain (by whom the bridge a few years previously—1t163—had been not only repaired but new made of timber) was buried in the chapel of S. Thomas on the Bridge in the year 1205.” (Stowe’s “ Survey,” Edit. 1633, p. 27.) Yorxk.—Chapel of S. William on Ouse Bridge. ReEaDING.—Chapel of the Holy Ghost on Caversham Bridge. BrpDForD Bripcr.—Chapel of S. Thomas—William Averbury, chaplain in 1343. To it pertained 2 messuages, 17 shops, 3 acres of ploughland, and seven shillings rent in Bedford. (2 Pat. 16 Ed. III.) WorcesTER. —Chapel of S. Clement on the old Bridge. At GLoucester, Walred, a chaplain, began to construct a bridge in the time of Henry II. Droitwics.—‘“ Churches of Derbyshire,” iv., 102. RAVENSCROSS - BOURNE HERMITAGE. — Matthew Danthorpe hermit, rebuilt the chapel 1 Henry IV. The king gave him the place of the hermitage w™ the chapel with wreckage of the sea and waifs and other advantages for “‘trias leucas ”* round about that place, reserving to the chief lords of the fee the profits of fishing and royalties there. Rot. pat. 1 Hen. IV. WaREHAM, a chauntry within the hermitage of S. Guthlac. * “ Leuca,” “ Leuga.”—A measure of 1,500 yards or paces (Du Cange). So the hermit would have a sea-board or coast of more than five miles upon which he might exercise his claims. 7° HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. SHALFLEET HAavEN HERMITAGE. 3 Pat. 2 Ed. III. m. 17. LEICESTER.—West Bridge. In the ‘: Topographical Cabinet,” vol. ix., is a view of the remains of a chapel existing on the bridge ¢. 1800, then converted into a dwelling house. BrapDFrorD, Witts. In the same work, vol. vi, is a fine engraving of the old bridge, with remains of the chapel or hermitage in the middle of it, apparently then used for a toll house. (¢. 1800.) HuntTIncpon.—Chauntry on the Bridge here, mentioned 1 Pat. 3 Ed. III. m. 24. An indulgence was granted by Fordham, Bishop of Ely, in 1401, for building the chapel of S. Thomas the Martyr and S. Catharine on Huntingdon Bridge. KILKENNY, IRELAND, Bennett’s Bridge. 3 Pat. 16 Ric. II. m. 2. ‘‘ A grant was made to ¢he chaplain by the king, that he might erect and crenellate a certain stone tower upon his bridge there.”’ WALLINGFORD, BERKS., Chapel of ‘‘ Mary of Grace” (wide Hedges’ ‘‘ Wallingford,” ii., 253.) Much might be said about these, but as the object of this journal is to elucidate the history of Derbyshire especially, we must leave them for the archzologists of other counties to unfold their separate histories. I cannot conclude this paper better than by giving a very apposite illustration from Mrs. Jamieson’s ‘‘ Sacred and Legendary Art.” In her account of the hermit saints, she relates an interest- ing legend (p. 449) of S. Julian—‘‘ Hospitator,” who, having slain his parents unwittingly in a fit of jealous suspicion of his wife’s infidelity, on discovering his error ‘‘ wept bitterly, and wrung his hands, and said, ‘Alas! by what evil fortune is this that what I sought to avoid (alluding to a prophecy of ill omen to his parents at his hand) has come to pass? Farewell, my sweet sister (to his wife), I can never again live with thee until I have been pardoned this great sin.’ And she answered him, ‘Nay, my brother, can I allow thee to depart, and without me? Thy grief is my grief, and whither thou goest, I will go.’ So they departed together and travelled, till they came to the bank of a great river, which was often swollen by torrents from the mountains, so that HERMITS, FORDS, AND BRIDGE-CHAPELS. Ve many, in endeavouring to pass it, perished miserably. And there did Julian found a cell of penance for himself, and xear to it an hospital for the poor: and by day and by night, in summer and winter, he ferried travellers across this torrent without Jee or reward. “One night, in the depth of winter, when the flood had broken its icy bounds, and was raging horribly, he heard in the pauses of the storm a mournful voice, which called to him across the stream. And he arose immediately, and found on the Opposite bank a youth who was a leper, and who appeared to be dying from fatigue and cold. He brought him over the river and carried him in his arms, and laid him in his own bed, and he and his wife watched by him till the morning. When it dawned, the leper rose up in the bed, and his face was transformed, and appeared to them as that of an angel of light ; and he said, ‘ Julian, the Lord hath sent me to thee, for thy penitence is accepted, and thy rest is near at hand,’ and then vanished from their sight. Then Julian and his wife fell on their faces, and thanked God for all His mercies ; and shortly afterwards, being full of years and good works, they slept in the Lord. “ This legend is often found as a series of subjects in ecclesias- tical decoration. It is beautifully told in a series of subjects on one of the windows of the Cathedral of Rouen, presented by the company of boatmen of that city in the fourteenth century,” Notes to the Pedigree of the Strellevs of Strelley, Oakerthorpe, and Paslebach, ComPILED By Rev. CHas. KERRY. WHERE are but few families whose names figure more prominently in the history of Notts. and Derbyshire than the ‘‘ Knightly” family of the Strelleys, now represented by Richard Charles Strelley, Esq., of Oakerthorpe, and no task has ever been more congenial to the editor of this Journal than the compilation and illustration of this pedigree, which certainly is one of the most authentic in the county of Derby. It takes its rank amongst the very first in antiquity, and evinces an ancient prestige almost unrivalled by any other family in the county. It is one of the very few remaining which, like the Curzons, Stanhopes, Byrons, Okeovers, Meynells, and Cockaynes, has maintained its patronymic for more than 750 years, in spite of the vicissitudes of fortune, and through at least four and twenty generations. The Strelleys appear to have been the original owners of the place from which they derived their name, a parish about five miles north-west of Nottingham. The name signifies the ‘‘ Lea,” or meadow of the “‘Strad,” “Strat,” or “Street ’’—some ancient road (British or Roman) which once passed through the district ; and it is very probable that the Strelleys became tenants in fee to the Peverells at the Norman Conquest—tenants of those lands which they had probably long possessed ere the Norman set foot on these shores. Note.—The figures at the commencement of each of the following sections refer to the numbers attached to the names in accompanying pedigree. | | Votts., and Oakerthorpe, Pevdpshire. atives of the Harons Vabasour. Iliam Strelley of by, M.D. William de Moiz, ast Robert de S: () Walter de Strelley Robe husband. — ete = Strellen af Strelley, ‘atts. and Oakerthorpe, Derbyshire. relley, ~ (3) Roger de Strelley. Sampson de ll a Robert dle Somerville, Hen. IL H fond of Oxton: | | ee fe Representatives of the Barons Vabvasour. = = = j - + 2 V: al 5) Philip de Strelley,—Avicia, d. of Richant (6) Hugh de Strelley=Matilda, 7) G Adan=Hugo de Capella Cecilia de Somervific,—(4) Waller de Strelley, (5 f Rte Roger heiress: ple Stanperlepaiielag 7) Geoffrey de Streliey = eel Tvs (4) ee ied 1T5. held Morovgh Mill, | fitz Roger, heires pee pperiey, living 1119 2 | | | | V Robert de Strelley avicia de ( Sewall le Foune (8) Robert de Strelley,=Heticabell, heiress 0! Strelleys ot died 12 Edward, 1284. | Shipley Thaslebacb. ] i ; cad Strelley (9) Robert de Strelley daughter and gh, Notts born 1254, died 130: ri, second Lord eldest son. ae | Vavasour, "Commoner: |i. 52. The other eo-h died unmarried Stecll pasta Peter de Strelley, mentioned ‘ Fi fe Hey, = Cousta ley, mentioned in connection with Neath Castle, y HO) ae Heir | Treasury Koll, 25 Edward I. Anno 1297 x of the Barony of Vavase Strelleys of ics = ARMS—Paly of six, argené and as Strelles Moodboroug. ly of six, argent and ature—Strelley < guartering— oe (13) William de Stra Roblet Strelle Or, an caple displayed sable, membered gules (13) Sie Sampson de Strelley, = Elirabeth, daughter of Sir a fied 7 (Somerrille). Kt, died 13 Richard I1,, 1390, | John Herey, Kt died 1354, 6p Or, A fesse indented, naiie. (Vavasour). ChrSt—A Saracen's head couped at the shoulders affronted, f Wearing a wreath of hawk’s bells (14) Sic Nicholas 4 celley,=Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Strelley Kt, died 9 Henry VI., 1430 Sir Edward Pierpoint | al — = = = = eee n Harceourt =(15), Sir Robert de Strelley,=Agnes, daughter (16) John le Strelley,=Joan, daughter and heiress of ‘ i wile died 17, Henry VI,, 1439, | Richacd Stanhior Esq, died 1418. Monu- | John Hunt of Linby at Agincourt, | ment in Strelley Church. | (The nun fore the names refer to the accompanying notes.) 1 nt of 18) Sir Robert Strelley,=Elizabeth, daughter of (17) John Strelley=Elizaheth, daughter of } ren 19. Heny ed 17 Jan., 1487. Brass | Thomas Kemp, aister of at Linby | Will, Meering. Vi. i ih i in Strelley Church Joho, Cardinal Arch: borough, 7 Ont of Canterbury Shipley, pperley | 0h 1441 | | + | i} 19) John! Strelley = Sanctiter wirapplil of 20) Sir Nicholas Strelley=Catherine, davghter of Sir Nicholas _Strelley, Isabel Strelley=George Staveley of Big- Anne Strelley, wife of Sir Heary Strelley, Kt, Jane Stretley. n i 1 Willoughby of Strelley. Died at| Thomas West, 8th Lord Kt, living 1506, died nill, Oxfordshire. Richard Bingham, of died s.p. {the | Sister of Sir Henry Lenton, 30 April, 1491. | of Delaware sp Watnall of 40, in the | Will proved 12 June year 14 = —— = = — i i j ail | tin Strelley, died « George Strelley, diet Clement Lowe=Tsabel Suelley=Richard Pagnell. Margaret Sirelley hn Powtrell of West Elizabeth Strelley = William Ayscough. Sir Stanhope,=Anne Strelley=Sir John Markham Kt | infant of Dey, | ) Hallam, Kt, of Rampton, | | { Vv Vv | Relinary, | xxiv. 153. Mary Sirelley= William Sacheverell, Sarah, daughter of Sim (21) Sir Nicholas Strelley,= Elizabeth, davghier of mes Strelley Hempsell, | and son of Sir Henry Dighy, Lieutenant of diel at Strelley, 25 Aug., | Sie John Spencer, jrd Bilborough, | Sacheverell of Morley Tower. 1st wife 1560, Ellen, daughter | wife. Cosall, Kim of Sir Thomas Gres- | berley | ley 2nd, wife | = z | - =all=satS 7 z, 1 or = ia 7 5 mit . ee : x re Sach I= Ar faughter of Sir (22) Sie Anthony Strelley,=Joan, eldest daughter of (23) Nicholas Bridget, daughter of Ant (24) John Strelley=Anne, daughter of Sir Isabel Margaret 5) Henry Strelley ne, daughter of Geo, Jane Strelley, married Alice Strelley=Sir John Byron, Kt., | Hogh Oversale, Kt., of Kt,, of Strelley, born 1528, | George Baynham of of Heauchief, dic | Thwaytes of Harding | George Baynham, sister Hempsell (qth | Charncley Sir Hugh Willoughby, ste Wnt Hull living 1569, | Closewell, Gloucester ham, Norfolk | to Sir Anthony's wife 00), Kt, (2) Thomas Skel- Colwick: | shire Vv | ton of Suffolls Strelleys of Beaucbiet, | Oakertborpe | Branch. | EI ial | I a = = es —— real ie \nne Sacheverell, heire Sir Philip Strelley=Etieabeth, daughter of George Strelley Anne Aldridge, or Ald Mary, eldest daughter William Strelley John — Strelley= Anni daughter — and (26) John Strelley Henry Strelley, men: Sir John Byron, 3rd son, (Sir Patrick Sachever of Strelley, 1580, Thomas arneys twin brother {o | read, of Colwick Nicholas. ‘of Hempsell, in | heiress of Patrick Sach: ‘of Hempsell, living tioned in Will of Philip &e. agih Sepiember, 1 Gumish, Norfolk Nicholas Henry Nicholas Strelley 1630. everell 1614. Strelley of Lees Hall, in Anthony 1626, Francis. _ = —— — | = = T T = Tea >. John Strelley, died 1614, (27) Henry Strelley = Alice Patrick Strelley (3rd son), George Strelley (4th son). Francis Strelley (5th son). met. 22, (2nd son) of Oaker | thorpe, died 1685. = i — ] T ] Nicholas Strelley, died Nicholas Swelley=Elizabeth lossell= Richard, Lord Byron, Henry Strelley= Rosamond, daughter of George Strelley=Elizabeth, daughter of Mary Strelley, married p ] of Radeliffe and Husband of London, 1638. | John’ Parker: of Norton | of London," ‘Thomas\ Reding, of (1) John Martin of Wi Lees, Derby afterwards Mayor | Clewer, Ierks. cot, Oxon; (2) Ric! | of Plymouth, | Holland of Eastwo« died 1673, | Notts | = : | = | | | | i 3 Strelley, di Joho Strelley, mentioned Patrick Strelley=Mary, daughter of John Strelley, died sp. corge Strelley of France, unmarried in the Will of Willis | Thomas Thornbury (Heralds' Visitation) mouth, 1680, ‘Held Sirelley till Parker (1630) as epic his death to the Testator. Vide * Journal,” Vo 44. Patrick Strelley | ; (Pre T Francis SI ptined Philip Strelley George Strelley=Jane Lowe Denby, = Isaac, son of Isaac Hagg Marie Strelley, baptized (28) William Strelley= at Morton, 19th January ptember 29th, 1647 of Oakerthorpe, | married at Shirland, July of Denby, 2nd husbacd. April toth, 1645, buried (baptised at S. Winfield, 1642, buried at S. Win Oakerthorpe, 1608; buried baptized S, Win- | 20th, 1701 2gth August, 1670. November sth, 1658) of field, October 20th, 1670 October 11th, 1760 fick, March 31st, Oakerthorpe, died 1727 1650; died 23rd | June, 1712 _ Ss ion ! | | (29) William Strelley = Elizabeth Sare, born 1th George Steeey Mrs. Margaret Morey ; Anne Strelley, baptited Mary Strelley, spinster, Philip Strelley, died an Of Oakerthorpe, died | June, 1692, died Wed 2 of Oakerthorpe, | married) at, Shirland th November, 1703 bopliced 3181 July, 1705 infant, 1709 Wednesday, 23rd Sep: | nesday, 23rd September, ene 1721. Joseph Shaw 3rd tember, 1755. et. 70, | 1761; buried at Pent EE, patos Wuried at S. Winfield, | ridge. Anne Strelley, baptized * August 7th, 1724 (30) William — Strelley=Grace Roby, daughter of of Oakerthorpe, baptized | Thomas Roby, of Denby at Penirich, 28th Novem- | Old Hall, and Grace his ber, 1716 ; died 1795, wife, 6th daughter of Sir Thomas Gresley, Bart ra | (41) Robert Strelley= Elizabeth, eldest daugh: Lucy Sirelley, died 271h Sf Onketthorpe, died | ter and co-heiress of March, 1787, wh 4. 1815 Richard Clayton of Cod nor Breach, married at Heanor, Sth February, 1768 Robert Strelley, eldest (32) an PRAT ykinson. - Alice Strell Sor Elizabeth Strelley Fal Nees i aie sal Sirelley aman aa mn Strelley Wiliam Strelley of (Galeri Roroesil bore | anaemic ‘ es Esq., of Den Secad mnaban Denby, M.D. 3rd November, 1775. | by Old Hall | ( first hus zs band) 7 — i ae — 1 pal - (33) Richard Clayton Stielley = Frances Johanna, laugh William Robey Strelley = Caroline Peters Frederick Clayton Strelley=Frances Paynter Georgiana... Eckersley, Esq of Oakerthorpe, died 1884, ter of George Moore of Denby Fsq., of Cornwall ‘Old Hall Thilip Bateman Sirelley, (34) Richard Charles Strelley= Gertrude, G oe T=, a : ine IF San Alice Georgiana died unmarried, 1878, of Oakerh t Bin ey daughter of Clayton Somerville Stret: Harriet Frances = Richard Upton: Maria Elizabeth Ada Maud=Shaw Mackentic of In akerthorpe, born Bih Rees Lewis, Esq., of ley, born toth January vergorden, Ross. December, 1853, aie Vale, ‘Monmouth NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 73 1. Walter de Stradlegh, married Isilia de Moiz, ¢emp. Hen. I., ante 1135. Forfeited his lands ¢emp. Ric. I. for his complicity in the rebellion of Earl John. “In the year 1230 (14 H. iii.), Robert de Moyz claimed against Robert de Estradlegh (Strelley) two parts of three bovates of land with the appurtenances in Chilwell, whereof Robert de Moyz his father was seized ‘emp. Hen. II., and eleven bovates of land with the appurt* in Chele- well as his own right, whereof one Isilia his great-grandmother was seized in the time of Henry I. There were lands parted to the five sons of Isilia, whereof three—Robert, Henry, and Richard, she had by her first husband William de Moyz, but Sampson and Roger, she had by her second husband Walter de Stradlegh. Samson was father of Walter de Stradlegh the father of Robert de Strelley the defendent, who pleaded that Robert (son of William de Moiz and Isilia) had no son by his married wife, as he did likewise the same term concerning 24 bovates in Haselbach, (in Hope, Derbs.) which he had passed to Philip de Strelley ; about which Nich. de Karl, Adam de Herthill, John Bret, and Roger de Ayencourt (Deincourt) were the four knights summoned to chose twelve to make a recognition of the grand assize between the said Robert de Moyz complainant, and Robt. son of Walter de Strelley defendant.” —(Thoroton.) 2. Sampson de Strelley, eldest son of Walter and Isilia. He is first introduced to us in the Pipe Roll of 6, Ric. I. (a.D. 1194-5), as paying a fine of 43s. 6d. levied on his lands in Nottinghamshire for his being on the side of the king’s enemies ; but a short time afterwards, anno to Ric. I., he obtained seizin of his father’s lands, forfeited because he was with Earl John— probably about the year 1190, when John took the castles of Nottingham and Tickhill during the absence of the king in Palestine. (King Richard recaptured these fortresses in 1194.) Anno 2 John, this Samson was appointed one of the surveyors of the operations at Horsley Castle.—(Pipe). Anno 4 John, he held one knight's fee of the Honour of Peverell, and paid scutage for the same. In 1178, Sampson de Strelléy was witness to a grant of Lands 74 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. in Wiverton, Notts., from Richard de Barneston to the Priory of Lenton.—(Nichols’ “ Leicestershire”), A.D. 1204, Feb. 19, King John being at Tikhill, commanded William Briwer to deliver Horsley Castle into the custody of Samson de Strelley ; and on the 21st of April, anno 6 John, the king commanded Samson de Strelley to deliver the castle of Horestan with the village of Horsley into the hands of Brian Hostiarius.—(5 and 6 John, Rot Lit. Pat.) Samson de Strelleya and Geoffrey his son were witnesses to a deed of Henry de Grey and Isolda of Codnor Castle, granting an angular piece of the park of Shirland, on the Shirland side of the brook, then called the ‘‘Grivel,’ to William, son of Robert, lord of Alfreton, to be attached to his park of Alfreton.— (Haddon Muniments.) He died in 1208. 3. Roger de Strelley, son of Walter and Isilia. 4. Walter de Stretely, eldest son Sampson, married Cecilia, one of the two co-heiresses of Robert, son of Robert de Somerville, lord of Oxton. The other daughter was espoused to Hugo de Capella, owner of part of Gyton and Oxton, by whom she had issue—Cecily, wife of Walter de Cuily ; Laderina, wife of Will Tesseraud ; Elizabeth ; and Avicia, wife of Sewall le Foune, by whom she had one daughter, Lucia, who became the wife of Sampson de Strelley, founder of the Woodborough branch of the Strelleys, who differenced the arms of the Strelleys—‘ paly of six argent and azure”—by placing a cinquefoil gu/es, in the centre of the shield. Walter de Strelley succeeded his father in his estates in the gth of K. John—‘ Walter de Strelley owes one falcon for having seizin of the land which was his father’s the day he died.”—(Pipe R.) Anno 14 John (1213), he held 2 bovates in Strelley anciently of the Soke of Arnold, at a yearly rent of 3s.—(Pipe Ro.) He seems to have died in 1215, when Geoffrey, son of Peter de Mandeville, gave the king roos. anda good palfrey to have the son of Walter for his ward. Anno 2 H. III. (Pipe), ‘“‘The heir of Walter de S. holds his land of the Honour of Peverell, and Philip de S. has the custody of that land, and this by the gift of Geoffry de Mandeville, NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 75 to whom K. John gave that Wardship. The land is worth roos., out of which Cecelia, the widow of Walter, has one-third for her dower.”—(‘ Feudal History of Derbyshire,” i., 407.) 5. Philip de Strelley, apparently second son of Sampson, and the legitimate guardian of his elder brother Walter’s heir. He was the immediate ancestor of the Strelleys of Brough and Hazle- bach, of whom presently. He married the daughter and heiress of Richard Fitz Roger, by Avicia, his wife. Hugh Fitz Roger was on the jury concerning the forest rights with Ralph Hanselin, early in Henry II.’s reign. He was the seneschal of this Philip de Strelley, 4, Hen. III. Anno 7 John (1206), Philip de S. paid a fine to have the posthumous daughter of Richard Fitz Roger to wife.—-(Pym Yeatman’s “Feud. Hist.” i., 316). ‘The mill of Burgh (Brough) was in the hands of the said King John, and he gave it to Philip de S. for the service of finding one valet for carrying a falcon trained to take herons in the season, and so it was held from king to king, by heir to heir, and Hugo Strelley now holds it.”—(Hundred Rolls. 3 and 4, Ed. I. (1275). 6. Hugh de Strelley (3rd son of Sampson) occurs in 1225, (Pipe ro H. III.), when he was sued by Robert Fitz Geoffiy and Robert, son of Robert. He and his wife, Matilda, were founders of the old chapel at Mapperley, Derbyshire. It was erected within the enclosure of their mansion about the year 1230 (vide Cox’s “Churches of Derbyshire,” iv., 216). In the year 1237 he held 15 acres in the Serjeanty of Sandiacre.—(Pipe). In the year 1259, Matilda de Strelley released to William le Vavasour 40 acres of land in Mapperley, and also a messuage held by her as dower, and the said William, at her request, granted the same land and messuage to Thomas de Quappelode in fee, at the yearly rent of 4s., with foreign service and suit of court, to the chief lords for W. le Vavasour. Robert, son of John Ingram, of Nottingham, and Thomas le Sauner put in their claim (Cal. Fin., vol. x. of this Journal). As late as 10 Hen. 6 (A.D. 1433) Robert Strelley, of Strelley, held land in Mapperley, to value of 20s. per ann. In 1259 (43 H. III., Pipe) the Sheriff accounted for some arrears of payments due from Matilda, w/dow of Hugh de Strelley. She 76 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. was living in 1262, when Eudo de Mapperley and Thomas were employed in her service. 7. Geoffry de Strelley, ‘‘son of Sampson.”—(Haddon Muni- ments, ve Shirland Park.) (Pipe 46 H. III.) He hadason Robert, who was atenant of No 9. Robert, son of Geoffry (de Strelly), and Robert, son of Robert (de Strelley), sued Hugo de Strelley, anno to Henry III., a.p. 1225—-(Pipe Ro. Yeatman i., 195). 8. Sir Robert de Strelley, Kt., son and heir of Walter (4), attained his majority in 1228-9, when he did homage for his lands. Anno 21 H. III., 7 Nov., he held a knight’s fee in Strelley and Bilborough, with suit at court of Peverill, in Nottingham, once in 3 weeks (Zesta de evil). Strelley was held of the king in chief for 40°. This Robert held the vill of Shipley, Derbyshire, in right of Hebicabell, his wife, for half a knight’s fee of William de Ros.— (Kirby’s Quest.) In 1252 he had a grant of free warren in Strelley, Trowell, and Oxton. (See under Note I, for particulars of a law suit between this Robert and Robert de Moyz, concerning 24 bovates of land in Hazlebach). Mr. Pym Yeatman, in his extracts from the Red Book of the Exchequer, gives the following, from which it would almost seem that this Robert held some office under Earl Robert de Ferrers.—‘‘ In 31 Hen. III. there was an assize to enquire whether Sampson le Dunn and Galf de Skefing- ton had disseized Robert de Ferrars (the Earl) of 15 tofts, 2 carucates, and 24 bovates, 2 mills. and 4 acrés of wood and 1°., and one pound pepper-rent in Breadsall, which he claimed to hold of the feoffment of James de Audeley. Sampson said that the Earl commanded him that he should send to him his palfrey, which was a fine one, and when he was unwilling to send it, the Earl sent his knights to the town of Breadsall who seized the horse and took it toa certain hermitage, and the same Earl held it in hand for a long time, and afterwards gave it to Rolert de Stradley, who gave it to Hugo de Dun, with Nicholas de Marnham, the Earl’s steward. This Robert de Strelley died 12 Ed. I. (1284) seized of Strelley, 28 bovates in Chilwall—16 of which he held of Henry de Grey and the manor of Oxton. NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 77 g. Sir Robert, “son and heir of Sir Robert de Strelley.” Aged 30 and over anno 12 Ed. I. He married Elizabeth, dau. and heir of Robert, second Lord Vavasour, of Hazlewood, Yorks., and Shipley, Derbyshire. (See Calendar of Fines in this Journal, vol. xil., 40.) This Robert, second Lord Vavasour, died without male issue, and Burke, in his history of the Commoners (i., 52), says that this barony is supposed still to exist in the heirs of this Sir Robert Strelley. The coat of the Vavasours, “ Or, a fesse dancette Sa.,” forms one of the Strelley quarterings. Sir Robert de Strelley died in 1302. **Anno 30 Edward I. Inquisition of lands and goods held by Robert de Strelley on the day of his death, made at Strelley before Rich. de Havering, Escheator, Feb. : 13, anno 30 Ed. L., by the oath of Walter de Winkbourne, Robert de Kinmarley, Adam de Cossale, Ric. Martel de Chilewall, Merton Passeys de Sutton, Roger Casteleyn de Stapleford, Rob. Gyon of Bramcote who said, &c., that the aforesaid Robert on the day, &c., held the manor of Strelley with the advowson of the church there, in fee, of the Honour of Peverel for one knights fee, &c. There are certain free tenants in his own demesne paying 104%. 6°. Amongst hem Robert, son of Geoffry de Strelley (see No. 7), holds 8 acres. The total rents amount to £47. He has énter alia a windmill in Chilwall, &c. Robert, son of the said Robert, deceased, is his son and next heir, and is of the age of 23 years on the feast of St. Matthew next following.”—(Inq. P. M. Record Office.) to. Sampson de Strelley, of Woodborough, Notts. (brother of No. 9). See for his marriage under No. 4. Founder of the Woodborough branch of the Strelleys. (For pedigree, see Thoresby’s Thoroton’s Notts.) 11. Sir Robert de Strelley, son and heir of Sir Robert (9). Born 1279. The King’s ward. In 30 Ed. I (1302)., on the death of his father paid roo*. for his ‘ Relief’ of his lands in Strelley, Adbolton, Cortingstock (vid. Thoroton, under Chilwell). In 1281, his parents, in his name, alienated messuages and lands in Parwich to Robert, son of Geoffry de Dethic, at a peppercorn rent 78 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. (see Journal xii., 40). In 1313, he was one of the adherents of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who received pardon after the death of Piers de Gaveston.—(Rymer Feed. iii., 446.) In1321(14Ed.II.), he became possessed of the advowson of the church of Strelley.— (Inq. ad q? Damnum, and Treasury Roll 15 Ed. II.) June 29, 1330, he and his uncle Sampson, of Woodborough, were witnesses to a deed between the Corporation of Nottingham and Sir Will. de Colwick, securing wharfage at Colwick for the Corporation during time of drought, when boats could not reach the town. In 1331, he claimed two parks in Shipley; one probably the inheritance of Hebicabell, and the other derived from the Vava- sours. The jury found in favour of Shipley Park, but against the park called ‘Estinker.’—(Placit de Quo War. 4 Ed. III). “And as to that other park which he claimed to hold, the jury said that it is not a park, but only a certain enclosure called Estinker, in which wild animals are contained.” He was owner too of the parks of Strelley, Bilborough, and Oxton, in Notts., which were recognized as-his by the jury of the Placita de Quo Warranto, having belonged to his ancestors time out of mind. He died about the year 1350, when his widow became a vowess. Anno 1350, Oct. 22, a com- mission was issued by the Abp. of York to the Prior of Shelford, Notts., to receive the vow of chastity of Dame Constance, widow of Sir Robert de Strelley.—(Zestamenta Eboracensia.) The following illustration is from the register of Fordham, Bp. of Ely, a.D. 1407 (Epis. Records of Ely—Gibbons, 405), “Vow of Chastity of Alice Thurgaton, in the Chapel of Downham Manor.” “‘T, Alice Thurgarton, avow perpetuele chastite in the presence of you honourable fadre in God Sir Johan by godes grace bysshop of Ely. And behote to lyve stablich (firmly) in this avow. And in witnesse ther of I with myn owne honde make my signe benethe.” Et dictus Reverendus pater votum hujusmodi recipit et admisit et mantellum ac annulum dicte voventis solempniter benedixit et imposuit super eam, presentibus ibidem Magistro Johe Metfeld cancellario dicti Rev. patris Dominis Simone Derby,” &c. An inquest post mortem was held 27 Ed. III., 1354, on the death of Robert Strelley, but the record of this is utterly illegible. NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 79 This, however, may have been his eldest son and successor in the estates ; if it be so, he only held them for four years, and must . have died without issue. 12. Sampson de Strelley, Kt., married Elizabeth, dau. of Sir John Hercy, Kt. On the 16th Nov. 1383, Sampson de S., John de Grey, of Codnor, and others, were commissioned by the king to enquire into the character of the obstructions to the navigation of the Trent between Nottingham Castle and the sea, and especially those caused at Colwick by the diversion of the stream to the mill of Richard Byron. This Sampson was one of the witnesses produced by Richard le Scrope in 1389, in the famous trial between himself and Robert Grosvenor, with regard to the right of bearing the arms: ‘‘ Azure, a bend, or.” His evidence, as recorded in the Scrope and Grosvenor Roll, is as follows : **Monst Sampson’ de Strauley dage du xl ans & pluis arme3 p xxvi ans pduct p* la ptie de mons’ Richard Lescrop jures & examine3 demande; si le arme3 dazure ove un bende dor apptiegnent du droit & de hitage au dit Mons* Richard Lescrop dit q oyl & q il ad oy dire dez veux chtrs & esquiers q les auncests du dit mons‘ Richard ount este usez & arme3 les dits du temps out¥ memoir de home & toutelys este en continuel & pesible possessiofi de les dits arme3 les queux sount descédu3 au dit mons‘ Richard p droit descent de lynee & de hiitage & ungs en nulle temps ne oyast dire le cont?rie demande; sil ad oy dire q fuist le prim auncestrier du dit mons' Richard q portaist primment es dits armes dit G noun qar les auncests du dit mons Richard ount este de si long temps gil passe memoir de home & lez aunces?s du dit monst Richard ount este usez lez av@ntdit3 arme3 dont memoir ne court come il ad oy dire de cez auncests Et dit qil ad veu & conu le dit mons* Richard estre arme3 en mesme3 les arme3 dazure ove un bende dor publikement eu Psence du Roy Edward q mort este q Dieu assoille & en Psence de touz les sts dev@nt Parys Et mons’ Henr Lescrop estr arme3 en mesme les arme5 ove un labelt blanc a mesme la viage Gemande; p qi il sciet q les dits arme3 sount a mons* Richard dit q ensy ad oy dire de3 plusds chtrs & esquiers queux ount veu le dit mons* Richard estre arme3 en mesmes lez arme3 dajur ove un bend dor p ans demande} sil ad oy en ascun temps dascun chalange ou infrupcion faite p le} auncest’ du dit mons‘ Robt Grovens* ou p luy mesme}3 ou p ascun en son noun p* le3 dit3 arme3 a dit mons Richard dit Cteynement qil ne oyast ungs pler del dit mons* Robert ne de ce3 auncests tang, cest debate cOmenceast.” He died 13 Ric. II., 1390 (vd. Thoresby’s Thoroton, i., 219). 80 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. There is a beautiful but nameless tomb in the centre of the chancel of Strelley Church, bearing the crest of the Strelleys, which can only be referred to this Sampson and his lady, although it - would seem from its details not to have been erected for at least ten or fifteen years after his death. Sir Sampson died in 1390, and his son and successor in 1430, whereas this memorial repre- sents the armour and costume worn about 1405-10. It must also be remarked that there is a manifest incongruity between the plainness of the sides of this tomb and the exquisite workmanship of the superincumbent effigies; and I cannot but think that these figures, representing a demolished tomb, have been brought from some other part of the church to make room for pewing or some other fancy, and placed upon this tomb when its original mensa was laid upon the floor ; this covering I believe to have been the slab bearing the brasses of Sir Robert Strelley, who died in 1487, and his wife Isabel, wich has been considerably reduced in size. This will account for the defective condition of the upper edge of the high tomb, and the utter disappearance of the customary marginal inscription of the period of the effigies. The head of the knight in pointed bascinet reclines on a helm crested by the family device--a Saracen’s Head langued, and wreathed argent and azure. The body is vested in an escalloped joupon encircled or girt hori- zontally round the hips, with an ornate sword belt to which are attached a “‘ pot ’’-sheathed dagger on the right, and a sword on the left. The feet in sollerets rest on a lion. Two laminz come between the gorget and the jupon. The head of the lady is a magnificent specimen of medizval art. The hair is trussed at the sides in richly jewelled network, and banded over the brow beneath a handsome coronet. The mantle receding downwards is secured across the breast by a slender cord attached to the robe by jewelled plates. Two tiny dogs of the mastiff order keep vigil in the folds of the mantle near the feet. The right hands of the figures are conjoined. The knight holds his right gauntlet in his left hand. Fourteen angels bearing shields adorn the sides of the tomb, each completely occupying his rectangular compartment; these, however, are NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 8I not in artistic harmony with the figures above, and are probably of the latter end of the century. The shields, no doubt, were once emblazoned, but the colouring has long since perished, and no devices remain on them. 13. William de Strelley. 14. Sir Nicholas Strelley, Kt., son of Sir Sampson and Elizabeth. He married Elizabeth, dau. of Sir Edward Pierpoint, Kt., by whom he had issue, Sir Robert de S., Kt., and John S., Esq.—(Harl. MS. 1400). In the year 1412 he was returned amongst those who held lands worth £20 a year. In 1413, Sir Nicholas and Peter Strelley presented Edmund Fawkenor to the Rectory of Nuttall, and in 1416, Richard Castle- acre was presented to the same benefice by the same patrons. In 1415, commissions were issued to this Sir Nicholas Strelley, Sir John Zouche, Ralph Frescheville, Sir Nich. Mont- gomery, and the Sheriff of Derby, to make musters in Derbyshire of men suitable for the Agincourt expedition.—(Rymer Feed. ix., 256.) The will of Sir Nicholas Strelley, of Strelley, knight. “In the name of God. Amen. I, Nicholas Strelley, Kt., of good mind and sound memory, on Wednesday next after the Feast of the Apostles SS. Peter and Paul, Anno Dom. 1430, do make my testament in this manner. First, I bequeath my soul to Almighty God and the Blessed Mary and all His saints, and my body to be buried in the parish church of All Saints, Strelley. Itm. I bequeath my best beast in the name of my ‘principal’ to the rector of the church aforesaid. Itm. I bequeath 20 lbs. of wax and 4 tapers to be burnt around my body from the day of my burial through the octave. Itm. I will that my executors appoint seven chaplains immediately after my decease to say the office of ‘ Placebo’ and ‘ Direge’ around my body to celebrate for my soul and the souls of the faithful departed for seven days next following ; viz., every day as well Placebo and Direge as other masses, viz., one mass of Requiem with note ; second, of Holy Mary with note; third, of Holy Trinity; fourth, of the Holy Spirit ;- fifth, of All Saints; sixth, of All Angels; and 82 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. seventh, the service proper for the day: and that each of the chaplains aforesaid shall have a black cloak (togam) with hood of the same suit, and 6%. 8°. in money told, with food and drink at my expense, during the aforesaid seven days. Itm. I will that the aforesaid chaplains choose five poor clerks especially needy to celebrate in the church aforesaid during the aforesaid seven days, and that they receive each one 2“. per day; viz., 1%. to offer to the mass of Requiem and 1°. for holding torches, and a black cloak with hood of the same suit, and a new pair of shoes and food and drink as above. Item, I will that the aforesaid torches be not lighted except only at the elevations of the sacra- ment of the Mass of Requiem: and the aforesaid seven days being fulfilled, the 12 torches be now distributed, viz., 4 torches to the Church of Strelley aforesaid, and two to the chapel of St. Mary in the same church ; two to the church of Bilborough ; two to the church of Trowell; and two to the chapel of Shipley. Item. I will that my executors aforesaid chose five widows, very needy, clothed in white garments (vestibus albis) at my cost, which said widows every day they offer, shall receive each of them 1°. for the Mass of Saint Mary at my cost, and each of them shall hold each day one candle at the aforesaid mass of S. Mary at my cost. And that every one of them shall have 20%. in all for sustenance in food and drink during the aforesaid seven days. Item. I bequeath for expenses on the day of my burial and during the six days next following with provisions at my house, 20 marks. Itm. I bequeath 1oo*. for distribution amongst the very needy poor in the villages of Strelley, ‘‘ Hymmesley” (Hemsell or Hempsell), Nuthall, Basford, Bilborough, Chilwell, Adenburgh (Attenborough), Stapulford, Trowell, Cossall, Adesworth (? Aws- worth) according to the discretion of my executors aforesaid, so that no one who uses any kind of unlawful games, or haunts taverns at unlawful times of night, shall have the aforesaid, sum unless he is willing to give sufficient security to my executors aforesaid that he will leave off the same, and if it be afterwards found that he hath not given up the same, he shall restore all the aforesaid sums thus received to my executors. Itm. I bequeath NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 83 10%. to the Minorite Friars of Nottingham to celebrate a Trental for my soul and the souls of all the faithful departed. Item, I bequeath ro*. to the Carmelite Friars of Nottingham to celebrate a Trental for my soul as aforesaid. Itm. I bequeath to the Preaching Friars of Derby 10%. to celebrate a Trental for my soul and the souls of all the faithful departed. I appoint for my executors John Colfield, Esq., Thomas Meres, Esq., Henry Knyveton, Esq., Robert Willoughby, Rector of the church of S. Peter’s, Nottingham, Nicholas Pakker, rector of the church of Bilborough, and William Bland, and I ordain Sir William Babington, Kt., Supervisor. Given at Strelley. Proven 26 Sep., 1430. (Translated from the Latin copy in the Zestamenta Eboracensia.) 15. Sir Robert de Strelley, Kt., son and heir of Sir Nicholas, married, rst, Jane or Joan Harcourt (Harl. MS., 1400), and, andly, Agnes, dau. of Sir Richard Stanhope. ‘There were covenants of marriage 10 Hen. IV. (1409), between Sir Rich. Stanhope, Kt., and Sir Nich. Strelley for the marriage of Agnes, dau. of Sir Rich., to Robert Strelley, son of Sir Nicholas.” (Thoreby’s “Thoroton,” iii., 245.) In some pedigrees the Christian names of these wives have been transposed. Robert Strelley was among the lancers at Agincourt in the retinue of Lord Grey of Codnor, 1415 (Yeatman’s “ Feudal History,” iii, 141), where he was probably knighted. Died 17th Hen. VI. (1438). The following description of a memorial in Strelley Church which is clearly that of this Sir Robert, is taken from a newspaper article on the monuments in Strelley Church by E. A. Lawson Lowe, Esq., F.S.A., of Shirenewton Hall :— “Against the north-west corner of the tomb just described is an incised slab much broken and defaced. It has evidently borne two figures; one apparently a knight in armour—but this is little more than conjecture. The other figure is more distinct. It is that of a lady in a long flowing robe, with her head resting upon a cushion, and having several small figures of children 84 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. kneeling at her feet. There is a long marginal inscription, quite illegible with the exception of the following towards the end... ‘M. CCCC. XXXVIII quay aib3 p’piciet’ deus. Amen.’ From the date, it seems probable that this slab commemorates Sir Robert de Strelley, the son and heir of Sir Nicholas, though the date of his decease is given by some authorities as 1437.” 16. John de Strelley, Esq., brother of Sir Robert (15). There is a fine incised alabaster slab in Strelley Church to the memory of John Strelley. In the centre is depicted a single figure in full armour wearing a bascinet. There are roundels decorated with radiations—perhaps intended for stars—to protect the arm pits and elbow joints. The taces forming the skirt of the cuirass are six in number ; a dagger, in a pot sheath, is suspended on the right, having a hemispherical knob at the top of the hilt. On each side of the head, which reposes on two cushions placed diagonally, are two shields of the Strelley arms, without quarter- inzs, viz., paly of 6, argent and azure. Surrounding the whole is a marginal inscription, of which but little save the words, “Johannes de Strelley, armiger,” can be deciphered. Every characteristic on the slab points to the year 1418, to a year or two, as the date of this memorial. This John married Joan, daughter and heiress of John Hunt, of Linby, Notts., and left issue. 17. John Strelley, of Linby, who by his wife, Elizabeth, dau. of William Meering, left five children. t. Sir Nicholas Strelley, Kt., whu died childless. 2. Isabel, wife of George Staveley, of Bignall, Oxfordshire. 3. Anne, wife of Richard Bingham, of Watnall. 4. Sir Henry Strelley, Kt. (ob. s.p.), and 5. Jane Strelley. Thomas Mering, of Newark, Esq. (Will August 13th, 1500), bequeathed to Arnold De, and to Elizabeth, wife of John Strelley, of Linby, his sister, “if it so be y* yei be mared to gedder after y° forme (of) lawe, the tenament liyng betwix my brade yates (broad gates) and the house of John Fulwodi for y*® NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 85 terme of yer lifes, and if yei never mary, it to remayne unto the profytt of my sayd chauntre.”’ By will dated August 25th, 1506, Alexander Mering, of Newark, gave to Nicholas Strelley, son of this John and Eliza- beth, a standing cup of silver, pledged for 4 marks, An alabaster monument of the Strelleys was turned out of Linby Church some years ago by the late Thomas Hurt, and was then buried somewhere in the churchyard. Some shields of the Strelleys still remain on the porch door.—(Communicated from Linby, July 4th, 1891.) In 1548, August 6th, the advowson of the church at Linby was granted to Robert Strelley, Esq., and Frideswife, his wife. From his will, dated 17th January, 1553 (Reg: ‘‘Tashe” Somerset House), it appears that he was of Great Bowden, Leicestershire, and had large estates at Harborough and Langton, in that county, and at Bardon, Northants. He bequeathed all his estate in the manor of Linby to his brother, Robert Strelley, as well as Bar- row’s lands in Langton. To John Strelley, vintner, of London, an annuity of £13 6s. 8d., out of the manors of Harborough and Great Bowden. To Nicholas and John, sons of the said - John Strelley, of London, an annuity of £13 6s. 8d. each out of the lands and manors of the same. To Robert Strelley, citizen and goldsmith of London, and to Alice, his wife, and the survivor of them for life, 4os. yearly rent out of the same. To “Ffrydeswyde”’ Strelley, his wife, two parts of the manors and estates of Great Bowden and Harborough, and all other lands and leases in the said towns for life, and after her decease, to his nephew, Will. Savill, son of George S., deceased. Then in case of failure of issue, to John, his brother, and, if childless, then under the same conditions to Joan Porter, then similarly to Geoffry Waste, and, if childless, to his brother, Robert Strelley, of Tirlington, and for default of issue, to the said John Strelley, of London, and his heirs males, and again, for want of issue, the remainder, etc., to Sir Nicholas Strelley, of Strelley, Kt., and to his heirs for ever. In the will occur, “ Johan Porter, my sister ;” 86 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. ‘My sister Wase, deceased ;” ‘ Leonard Stubbs, my nephew ;” and ‘“ Elizabeth, his wife, my neice.” To his brother Robert, he bequeaths all his estate and title of and in the manor of Linby, in Nottingham, and to him and his heirs the patronage and advowson of the parish church of Linby. To William Strelley, bis brother, he bequeathed all his estate in the Parsonage of Adbolson, Ratcliff, Basford, and Oxton, Notts. ; and to John, son of George Savill, he bequeathed the advowson of Boresworth (? Bosworth). Robert Strelley, Esq., died Jan. 23rd, 1553-4, possessed of the manor of West Langton, Leicestershire, then valued at 418 12s. 0d. a year, which he held of the Queen as of the honour of Leicester and parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster, by the service of a knight's fee. His widow Frideswide was one of the Ladies of the Bed- chamber to Queen Mary, from whom she obtained a grant of divers manors in Yorkshire, Leicestershire, and Lincolnshire, par- ticularly the site of the priory of Ulvescroft. Mr. Nichols, in his ‘“‘ History of Leicestershire’’ (ii. 663), gives a pedigree of the Strelleys of West Langton, derived from the Visitation of Leonard and Vincent, in which the arms of the Strelleys of Strelley ‘are differenced by a crescent. They seem to have descended from the old stock, but the link is not very clear. The will was proven 15th March, 1553. Sir Geo. Gyfford (Will 1557-8, ‘‘ Noodes” 2nd Register), mentions his sés¢er, Frydeswyde Strelley. A grant of augmentation of arms by William Henry, Clarenceux King of Arms, was made to Robert Strelley, Esq., of Great Bowden, Leicestershire, zoth December, 1554; obviously the Robert of the preceding will. He was member of the Queen’s Privy Council, and had performed valiant service in Scotland at the siege of Winstrell, “as well for his true and faithful service done to Her Majesty at Fromyngham.”” The augmentation con- sisted of the addition of a bordure indented evmines to the old Strelley coat.—(Nichols’ “ Leicestershire.’’) 18. Sir Robert Strelley, son of Sir Robert, married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Kemp, and sister of John Kemp, Cardinal- Archbishop of Canterbury. She died at Oxton, and was buried NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 87 at Strelley, 7th September, 1458. Sir Robert died 17th January, 1487. Their monumental brass still remains in the chancel at Strelley. It consists of the figures of the knight and his lady, with an inscription beneath their feet. The slab has been powdered with sfars in roundels, of which one was remaining above the head of the lady in 1851, when I took a rubbing, (“* Stel/a,” a star:—a sort of play on the family name). The matrices of 18, three in a row, are still to be traced, as also of four shields placed near the angles; as well as of the two plates repre- senting the family, which, judging from the szze of the respective matrices, may have consisted of about four boys and five girls. In the centre, above the effigies, is a helmet and mantling, surmounted with orle (argent and azure) and crest (a Saracen’s head), the upper half of which is lost. The knight is bareheaded : pauldrons double- plated ; round the neck a gorget of mail, with fringe of the same escalloped beneath the taces: gauntlets with large back plates, but ends of the fingers covered with small lamine: large sword suspended in front: hilt of dagger appearing from behind right thigh : feet in sollerets : lion under foot. The lady is habited in plain kirtle without pleats: sleeves expanding at the wrist, and covering back of the hands: mantle secured over the breast bya strap, with a rose button at each end, and receding downwards : hair brushed behind, and secured with plaited fillet, into which skewers are thrust to extend the “ butterfly” head-dress. Two little dogs, vzs-a-vis, and belled, crouch at the feet, one flap-eared and smooth-coated, and the other prick-eared and shaggy. The inscription is as follows :— “ Pic iacet dns Robert’ Streviey de Strellep HMilit’ et Essabella Hxor ei’ qui qiom Robert’ oviit Apud Strelley xbij, vie Mes’ Fanbarij Anno oni HAillio CCCE» Ixxxbijo et Antedca Lssahella odiit Apud Pxton et Sepulta est Cancella ecclie ve Strelley bije Die februavij ao dni Ao CCC iiijo quor’ alabs ppiciet’ de’ amen.” For notice of the ledger, see under No. 12. 88 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. In 1441 (3rd Patent 19 Henry VI.) the King confirmed to Robert Strelley, ‘‘ Esquire,” free warren in his lands of Shipley, Mapperleg, Billeburg, Strellegh, Trowell, and Oxton. In 1457, Robert Stable and John Spencer, wardens of Hethbeth Bridges, Nottingham, in their account of the contributions for the rebuilding of two of the arches, mention the gift of 24 great beams by Robert Strelley, Esq., out of his park at Shipley. In the “Records of the Borough of Nottingham,” recently pub- lished, we have— Anno 1458. “Itm peid in diuers spens (expenses at) Strylley Schepley and in odor plassus. ... ......-- x. “Ttm for a quarter of freche Sawmon (fresh salmon) folRobert Stryllaiy..i/5)..0.ce0.cscceaah ioctweare, aoe viij’. “ Payde to the Kepar of Shyplay Parke for a rewarde xx’. ‘« Payde for y* careeg of xxi trese fro Scheplay......... XXXV*. ‘“‘ For skaplyng of tymber at Schyplay ............... if, Vij (Vol. ii. 367.) There is a very remarkable entry in the ‘‘ Records of the Borough of Nottingham” (iii. 15), from which it would appear that the mansion of this Sir Robert Strelley, in Nottingham, was plundered a few days before his death. Sir Robert died on the 17th of January, and the action for the alleged abduction of plate and money was pleaded in court on the goth day of the same month. “Anno 1487-8. Jan. 30. John Strelley, esquire. Nicholas Strelley, knight, and Thomas Strelley, esquire, complain of Cecily Bulker and William Bulker, husbandman, on a plea of trespass against the peace of our Lord the present King. And whereupon the same plaintiffs, by John Bower, their attorney, complain by protestation that the said defendants om the 12th day of January, in the 3rd year of King Henry VII, here at Nottingham, within the jurisdiction of this court, by force and arms, broke and entered the close and house of the said plaintiffs (the sons of Sir Robert, and ¢heir property at the time of the suit), and took and carried away four silver gilt cups, price £40 ; and two dozen silver cups, price roo marks (£66 13s. 4d.) ; six dozen NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 89 silver spoons, price £12, contained in a chest ; and 200 marks in old nobles (£133 6s. 8d.), and £100 in royals, and £200 in angels, and £200 in silver money contained in a coffer, and other domestic utensils to the value of #10, then and there found, and against the peace of our Lord the King; and did other damage to them, to the grievous loss of the said plaintiffs, whereby they say that they are injured and have damage to the value of £1,000, and, therefore, they bring suit. And the said Cecily comes in her own person, and defends the force and injury, when, &c.; and she says that she is not guilty, and of this she puts herself upon the country, &c.” The sons of Sir Robert are here given in order of seniority. The pedigree in the Visitations does not mention Thomas, the third son, nor yet Joyce, who became the wife of Humfrey Salwey of Kanke and Stanford, who was the King’s Escheator for the county of Worcester 22 Henry VI., and Knight Mareschal of that Prince’s court, as appears on his monument in Stan- ford Church, of which he was lord and _patron.—(Burke’s “ Commoners,” i. 152.) 19. John Strelley, Esq., eldest son of Sir Robert and Elizabeth, married Sanchia (‘Sancia’ on the mont.), daughter of Sir Robert Willoughby, Esq., and sister of Sir Henry Willoughby, Kt. His beautiful tomb is one of the chiefest ornaments of Strelley Church. It stands against the north wall of the chancel, partly under a canopied recess near the sacrarium. On the mensa lie the effigies of himself and his lady, and no one can gaze on the face of the esquire, looking so anxious and careworn, without feeling that he has before him an obviously faithful representation of the deceased. At the time of his death the wealth and importance of the Strelleys of Strelley was at its greatest height, and the loss of his two sons, John and George his only male representatives, whose tiny memorial (an alabaster slab incised with the figures of two children in gowns guarded with fur) lies close by the wall at the west end of his own monument, must have weighed very heavily upon him. All his outlying estates were divided among his four daughters, and passed into families of other names, whilst the old go NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. homestead of Strelley alone remained to his younger brother Sir Nicholas. This diminution of the family estates, through their division amongst these four co-heiresses, marks the commencement of the decline of the prestige of this ancient family, and regret can only be felt at the inevitable. Above the tomb, in the centre of the canopy, is a representation of the Deity, holding in His lap the souls of the children, six in number. On His right, on another pinnacle, stands the effigy of S. John Baptist pointing to the Holy Lamb, supported on his left arm. On the left hand of the central figure stands S. John, the beloved disciple, with chalice and serpent issuing therefrom, the left hand making the sacred sign over them. On the arch, or lintel, beneath the canopy are four shields, viz. ; r. Strelley (paly of 6, argent and azure) impaling the arms of Kemp (his mother’s family), 3 garbs of wheat. 2. Strelly, impaling Willoughby—the arms of his own and his wife’s family—the latter ‘ Ov, on two bars gu/es, 3 water bougets argent.’ This shield also occurs in a window in the North aisle. 3. Strelly impaling ‘a lion rampant langued,’ perhaps for Pierpoint, but, if so, the semeé of cinquefoils charging the ground (probably painted) have disappeared. 4. Strelley impaling ‘a bend between 6 cross crosslets.’ The effigy of the husband has long flowing hair, the head resting on his crested helm: mantling and crest very fine: a double chain round the neck: large shield-shaped plate attached to the taces, beneath which is seen a deep fringe of mail: the sabbatons of four laminze rest on a well sculptured lion. The effigy of the lady shows a plain folded hood, round over the forehead : collar with jewelled pendants round the border : mantle secured with cords over the breast. An ornate belt with buckle and pendant appear through an opening in the dress, which I can only describe as a bibbed kirtle. Seated on the lion’s back, beneath each foot is a diminutive ‘ weeper’: head reclining on right hand : each holding a rosary in NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. gt the left hand reposing on the knee. There are angel supporters on each side the pillow at the head. The inscription, beautifully engraven on the verge on the mensa, is as follows :— “ @Obitus PFohis Strellen Arwigq. bicessimo Sedo Bie Hanuarit Anno Wut prs CCC EC™ f° et obitus Dancte uxoris et’ obitt apud (szc) ano Wut PA.HD.” The two sons of John and Sancia Strelley, viz.: John and George, having died young and without issue, the vast estates of the Strelleys devolved upon the four remaining daughters. (a) Isabella, the eldest, was first married to Clement Lowe, of Denby, and afterwards to Richard Paynell. By her first husband she left issue, Mary Lowe, heiress of Bilborough, Hempsell, Cossall, ana Kimberley. She became the wife of William Sacheverell, second son of Sir Henry Sacheverell, of Morley. Their only son, Sir Patrick Sacheverell of Hemp- sell, by his wife Anne, daughter of Sir Hugh Oversale, Kt., of Hull, left issue Anne Sacheverel, who became the wife of John Strelley of Hempsell, the great grandson of Sir Nicholas (No. 20). The arms of this John Strelley and Anne Sache- verell, his wife, in a sadly mutilated condition, appear (1890) over the porch of the old ruinous school house at Bulwell, of which, apparently, they were either the founders, or at least benefactors. As might be supposed, the division of the family estates between the four sisters would give rise to some heart-burnings and strife. The following, taken from an old document which came into the writer’s possession some time ago, manifests a rather unpleasant state of things between some of the parties con- cerned. In the year 1600, a suit was entered by Humfrey Ayscough, complainant, against Patrick Sacherevell, John Strelley,and Anna, his wife, Launcelot Rowleston, Edward Ballard, and Valentine, his wife, John Grundy, Michael Grundy, and Charles Hansworth, defendants, on the plea of g2 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. trespass and ejection froma farm. It appears that Roger Ayscough on the 5th June, 41 Eliz., at Hempsell, in the parish of Bulwell, had leased and to farm let to the said Humfrey Ayscough 240 acres of land with the appurt. in Hempsell for the term of 3 years, and by virtue of his admission the said Humfrey entered, and was in possession of the property until the said Sir Patrick Sacherevell and the other defendants above mentioned on the sth day of June, in the said year (1600), came by force and arms and ejected Humfrey from the said farm (his lease of the same not having yet expired), and committed other enormities to the loss (to the said Humfrey) of one hundred pounds. The jury con- cluded that the defendants were guilty of transgression and they were fined to the amount of £7 13s. rod. (6) Margaret, 2nd sister, became the wife of John Powtrell of West Hallam, who died in 1543. For issue, see Religuary, vol. xxiv., p. 158. The arms of Powtrell, impaling Strelley, appear at the west end of the tomb of Walter and Cassandra Powtrell at West Hallam. (c) Elizabeth, the 3rd co-heiress, married William Ayscough. (Zd) Anne, the 4th sister, was first wife of Sir Richard Stanhope, of Rampton, by whom she had Sanchia, sole heiress, who became the wife of John Babington of Ramp- ton; and afterwards wife of Sir John Markham, Kt. The division of the Strelley estates in 1535 is thus recorded by Thoroton, (ii. 220): ‘‘ By an instrument of division bearing date roth October, 27th Henry VIII., it appears that Thomas Ayscough divided the lands of John Strelley into four parts whereof Sir John Markham and Thomas Powtrell (of West Hallam) chose the two first; viz, all the lands in Wheteley, Saundeby, Northleverton, Sturton, Litilburgh, Burton, Radcliff, Cotgrave, Shipley, Gedding, Langley, Stapulforth, Cortlingstock, Nottingham, and Harby for one part. And for’ the other, which Powtrell had, all in Chilwell, Trowell, Adingbrugh, Bramcote, Calverton, Estwayt—a house in Trowell, a house in Cossal Marsh and Colston Basset. The next was chosen by Isabel Paynel, NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS, 93 widow, and William Sacheverell and Mary, his wife, which was all in Bilborough, Hempsell, Cossall, Kymberley, Tomlynholme, Curleton ; and Marshall Hall and Thomas Ayscough had for the fourth part, all in Oxton, and Plunger.” The manor and estate of Strelley now only remained to the Strelleys. 20. Sir Nicholas Strelley, second son of Sir Robert (18), married Catharine, daughter of Thomas West, 8th Lord Dela- ware. He died at Lenton, 30th April, 1491, and was buried at S. Andrew’s, Baynards Castle, London. The following is a copy of his will preserved at Somerset House (Reg. ‘‘ Milles” 45, a.D. 1481): “Tn Dei Nomine. Amen. The last day of the moneth of Aprill in the yere of our lorde god M¢cccc.|xxxi. and the x" yere of the reigne of King Henry the vij aftre the conquest of Englond the vj‘. I Nicholas Strelley knyght hole of mynd and in my good memory, laude and praising be vnto allmyghty god, make and ordeyne this my p’sent testament conteyning my last will in the forme ensuing. ffirst, I bequeth and commytt my soule to almighty god my Redemer and Savio‘ and to o* blessid lady saint Mary virgine his moder, and to all saints and my body to be buriede in the pisch church of Saint Andrew at Baynards Castell in the cite of London in such a convenient place there, to be lymyted and named by Margarete my wif, and I bequeth to the high autre of the same church iij’. iiij*. also I will that I have an honest prest to sing for my soule and for the soules of my ffader and of my moder and all my frends, and all cristen soules in the foresaid church of Saint Andrew by an hole yere next folowing aftre my decesse, and I bequethe to the same p’st for his salary for the same yere x marc’ ster. Also I will y‘ Margaret my wif purvey and bey of and w‘ my goods an honest stone of marble of the value of xl*—to be laid on my grave in the foresaid church of saint andrewe and I will that the residue of all my goods and detts above not bequethed aftre my detts paid, my buring don, and this my p*nt will fulfillid be eqally devidid into ij ptes, and I geve and bequeth the on half of the same residue 94 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. to the foresaid Margaret my wif, to haue and enioy to hir as hir propre goods for eu’mor: and I geve and biqueth to Nicholas my sonne, and to Agnes and Cecill my daughters, the other half of the foresaid residue to haue and enioy to them as y* propre goods for eu’mor : and I will that the foorseid Margerete my wif cause that the same other halftrudele (true half share) of the same residue of all my said goods for my said childreyn be employed in merchaundise to the behofe and for the most avayle and profite of my said childryn vnto the tyme they com to ther lawfull ages or tyll they be mariede :' and I will that all the same merchaundises of the said halfendele of the said residue for my said childryn w" all the avayle and encrece comyng and growing of the same m’chaundise be deliu’ed to my seid childryn when that they com to ther said ages or when that they be maried and I make and ordeigne the foresaid Margaret my wif executrice of this my p’nt testament: and I ordeyn my welbeloved. nevew Sir Walter Hungerford Knyght supviso" of the same my testament. Thes witnesses: Sir Thomas Williams pson of the church of Saint Andrew abovesaid, Dame Kateryn Lady la Ware widow, Richard Parnam, Cristofer Rawlynson, Cristofer Dalton, Robert Leget, scryvan’ and others. Yoven at London at the day and yere above saide.” “Probatum fuit suprascriptum Testamentum coram dno apud Lambith xii die mensis Junii anno dni Millimo CCCC nonogesimo primo (1491) Hilarii &c. jurament’ Dni Thome Williamson Cap™ & Rici Barnam testum ac approbatim &c. festu Sancti Anne &c, nec non de plano compoto &c. ad Sancta, Dei euangelia, jurate, &c.” The “Records of the Borough of Nottingham ” (ii. 271) present us with a little incident connected with this gentleman in his younger days, when the honours of knighthood did not impress upon him the responsibility of his position, and the weight of his example: “Anno 1468—Long Row. The Tithingmen there present that Nicholas Strelley Zsguire made an affray with blood- shed upon William Forster, serjeant at mace in common market : fined 4os.’’-—but perhaps the sergeant deserved it. It seems to NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 95 have been a case of fisticuffs and a bloody nose, for no weapon is mentioned in the indictment, and the injury done to his dignity was probably much more serious than to his person, 21. Sir Nicholas Strelley, only son of Sir Nicholas and Catherine, daughter of Lord Delaware. He married, first, Sarah, daughter of Simon Digby, Lieutenant of the Tower; second, Ellen, daughter of Sir Thomas Gresley; and, third, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Spencer, Kt., by whom he had four sons and four daughters :— Sir Anthony, of Strelley; Nicholas, of Beauchief; John; Henry, of Hempsell (from whom the present Mr. Strelley, of Oakerthorpe, is descended) ; and Isabel, Margaret, Jane, and Alice, the wife of Sir John Byron, Kt., who died in 1609, and was buried at Colwic. In the year 1537 the Abbey of Beauchief and the surrounding district was granted to Sir Nicholas Strelley for the sum of £223. It passed into the family of Pegge (through the failure of male issue) by the marriage of Gertrude Strelley, sole heiress, with Edward, son of Edward Pegge, of Ashbourne, in the year 1648. On the 27th of March, 1539, the funeral procession of George, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, started from Winfield Manor, where his body had remained from the 26th July, 1538, for interment at Sheffield: among the chief mourners was this Sir Nicholas Strelley, Kt. “He died at Strelley, 25th August (3 Eliz.), 1560, seized of Strelley and Bilborough and the advowsons of both the churches, as well as lands in Bulwell, Cossall, Wattenbow, (? Watnall) Farnesfield, and Basford, as by an inquisition taken at Nottingham the year following appeareth, Sir Anthony Strelley, his son and heir, being then 30 years of age.”—(Thoroton’s “ Nottingham- shire,”’ ii. 220.) 22. Sir Anthony Strelley, son of Sir Nicholas (21) by Elizabeth, his third wife, born 1528. Married Joan, eldest daughter of George Baynham, Esq., of Closewell, Gloucester, by whom he had issue eight children :— 1. Sir Philip Strelley, of Strelley, 1589. Died 4 James 96 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 29th September (1607). He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Garneys, of Garnish, Co. Norfolk, and left issue one son, who died szne poles. 2. George Strelley, who married Anne Aldred, of Colwick. Nicholas, their only son, espoused Elizabeth, daughter of . . . Rossell, of Radcliff, who was afterwards the wife of Richard, Lord Byron. This Nicholas left one son only—George Strelley, who died in France unmarried about 1680. He retained possession of Strelley until his death. . Nicholas, twin brother to George. . Henry S. . Anthony S. . Francis, living 1614: married a daughter of : Willoughby, afterwards the wife of Sir George Peckham. 7. Mary, eldest daughter. 8. Eleanor, wife of Sir John Mitchell, Kt., of Ansley, Sussex, Master in Chancery to King James. They left issue :— (a) Nicholas M., of Nottingham, who married Ann Tilman, by whom he had Nicholas, Gervaise, Nm fb W and Anne. (6) John, (c) Francis, (¢@) Vincent, (¢) William. A grant of the site of Felley Priory was made to this Sir Anthony (22) anno 4 and 5 Philip and Mary. Anno 1 James I. the reversion was granted to Anthony Millington.—(Dugdale’s “ Monasticon”). In the “Records of the Borough of Notting- ham” (iii., 221) is a curious action entered by Anthony Strelley, gentleman, against one Robert Jerningham, on the plea of detainure. ‘And whereupon the same Anthony by John Burford his attorney comes and says that on the roth of February in the 34th year of our Lord the present King, divers goods and chattels of the said Anthony’s, to wit a gown of taffety edged with velvet, price £3 10s.; a Spanish cloak of frysado (coarse woollen cloth) guarded with velvet, price 33s.; a black velvet coat, price £5; a new coloured coat of cloth, price 26s. 8d.; a NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 97 black satin doublet lined with sarcenet, price 30s.; a pair of black hose, the upper stocks black velvet, price 20s.;a pair of scarlet hose, the upper stocks crimson velvet, 26s. 8d.; one whole piece of black chamlet, price 30s. ; three new shirts, price 2os. ; three ells of Holland cloth, price 1os.; a masking garment of sarcenet, price 30s.; a bonnet of velvet, price 7s. 6d.; and a black satin coat guarded with velvet, price £3 13s. 4d., came by accident into the hands and possession of the said Robert Jerningham, &c., whereby the said Anthony says that he is injured to the value of 4o marks, and therefore brings suit. And the said defendant comes in his own person, and acknow- ledges that he has, and detains the goods and chattels specified in the declaration.” The court decided that the plaintiff should recover his goods and receive 40 marks for the damage he had sustained—“ And the defendant is in mercy.” 23. Nicholas Strelley, second son of Sir Nicholas (21), settled by his father at Beauchief. Lord of the manor of Eccleshall. Buried at Sheffield, 26th October, 1602. Married Bridget, daughter of Anthony Thwaites, gent.; buried at Norton, 23rd March, 1591. ‘They had issue Gervaise (ob. 6 James I.), Anthony (ob. 1610), Nicholas, Ursula (ob. 1589), Mary, Bridget, and Joan, wife of James Barley. A good pedigree of this branch is given in Glover’s ‘‘ Derbyshire,” ii. 95. 24. John Strelley (third son of 21) married Ann, daughter of Sir George Baynhain, of Colewall, sister of Sir Anthonys wife (22). They had issue :—William, Nicholas, and John, who was living at Hempsell in 1630; he married Ann, daughter and heiress of Sir Patrick Sacheverell of Hempsell (grandson of Isabel Strelley, one of the four co-heiresses by Clement Lowe), and had issue :— (2) Henry Strelley, described as of London, 1638, who married Rosamund, daughter of John Parker, of Norton Lees, Co. Derby, by whom he had John Strelley, mentioned in the will of his uncle, William Parker, in 1630 (vede this Journal, v. 44). (6) Patrick Strelley, who married Mary, daughter of Thomas, 7 98 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. Thornbury, of Thornbury, Derbyshire, by whom he had one son, Patrick. (c) George Strelley, described in the “ Visitations’’ as “ of London.” He married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Reding, of Clewer, Berkshire, by whom he had issue one son, John, who died without issue. There is a monument in St. Andrew’s Church, Plymouth, to the memory of George Strelley, with a shield of eight quarterings, amongst which are those of Sacheverell (a¢- once identifying the deceased as one of the Hempsell family), and the sixth quartering has “ argent three boars heads couped sad/e’’—the arms of Reading of Clewer, as above. If this be the monument of this George, he must have had a son born after the death of John, of the Herald’s visitation, and apparently by a second wife. The inscription is as follows :—‘“‘ Erected by Mrs. Ann Strelley, Widow, daughter of John St. Amond, of Manfield, in the County of Nottingham Esq. in memory of George Strelley Esq. her late husband deceased, who was lineally descended from Strelley of Strelley an ancient family in that county, and was Mayor of this Borough in the year 1667, where after 63 years conversation in this world, loveing mercy, doeing justice, and walking humbly with God, he peaceably (on the 16th day of February), 1673, Resigned this life for an heavenly habitation (leaveing issue by the said Ann, only George Strelley, his sonn and heir), and resteth interred neere this funeral pile in certain hopes of a glorious Resurrection.” (d@) Mary Strelley, only daughter of John and Anne, the wife of, first, John Martin, of Wilcot, Oxon ; and, second, of Richard Holland, of Eastwood, Notts. 25. Henry Strelley, of Hempsell, fourth son of Sir Nicholas Strelley (21), by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Spencer, and brother of Sir Anthony (22), of Strelley. He married Joane, daughter of George Charneley, by whom he had two sons, John NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 99 and Henry, both mentioned in the will of Philip Strelley, and this JouHN was direct ancestor of Che Dtrelleps of WPakerthorpe. This estate of Oakerthorpe was purchased by Philip Strelley, citizen and goldsmith of London, son of Henry and Ellen, some time towards the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He left no issue. By his will, dated 6th September, 1603, he entailed his estate first upon his -brothers Ralph, George, John, and Christopher in order of their seniority, then for lack of issue respectively, upon John Strelley of Hempsell, the son of Henry Strelley (Vo. 25), who was the brother of Sir Anthony Strelley (No. 22), late of Strelley, Kt., and to his heirs male.* Then in case of failure of issue it was to pass to Sir Philip Strelley, Kt. (No. 26), of Strelley, eldest son of Sir Anthony, and after his decease to Nicholas Strelley (28), son of Sir Philip, who proved to be the last of the eldest line. Again, in case of failure of issue, it was to pass to Francis Strelley, brother of the said Sir Philip: afterwards, under like circumstances, to George Strelley, brother of the said Francis ; and, lastly, for want of issue to Henry Strelley, brother of the said John Strelley, of Hempsell. (The will of the testator mentions his sister Mary and “her younger sister,” his sister Emma Short, and her children Henry and Elizabeth; his cousins, Thomas Grymstone and Frances, his wife ; his aunt, Anne Tuke ; his uncle, John Walton, of the city of Gloucester ; his uncle, William Walton, of the city of Worcester ; his aunt, Elizabeth Josua ; his loving cousin, Francis Grimston ; his loving cousin, Elizabeth Constable ; mistress Larkin, widow ; my wife’s cousin ; mistress Higham, also my wife’s cousin; my cousin, Mary Estaffe ; my cousin, Martha Strelley. The administration of the will was granted to “Radolpho Strelley fratri naturali et legitimo Phillipi Strelley nuper parochize Sancte Marie Colechurch civitatis and diocese London,” A.D. 1620.) * Who inherit at the present time. 100 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. By this will a rent charge on this estate was made payable to the Goldsmith’s Company for ever, and from their records the following succession of heritors has been derived :— “In 1603, Philip Strelley, who purchased the estate of Oaker- thorpe, died; Ellen, the widow, enjoyed the premises according to the will till 1620.” “In 1621, Ralph Strelley, brother to Philip, the testator, succeeded.” “In 1646, November 13, Henry Strelley, next heir male, succeeded.” ‘“In 1687, May 6, Philip Strelley, second son of the last named Henry Strelley, succeeded.” ‘In 1701, October 29, George Strelley, third son of Henry Strelley, succeeded.” “In 1717, October 22, George Strelley, son of the last named George (a minor), succeeded.”’ “In 1727, October 5, William Strelley, son of William Strelley, who was the fifth son of Henry Strelley, succeeded.” “Tn 1756, William Strelley, son of William, succeeded.” It must here be observed that these dates of succession from the Goldsmith’s books only represent the dates of the leases formerly granted the Strelleys by the Gol.ismith’s Company, and not the legal date of the succession of each member—because that would take place immediately on the death of the previous owner—still they are valuable in their way, as giving the exact sequence of owners. Philip Strelley, ‘ the Testator,’ was buried in the church of St. John Zacherie, at the North West corner of Maiden Lane (ude ‘*Stowe’s Survey of London,” edition 1633, p. 838).—‘‘ A faire Monument in the South Ie with this inscription ”:— “‘ Here under lieth interred the body of Philip Strelley, late of London, Goldsmith, who gave to the poore of this parish 4es. a yeere for ever out of the revenues of the Manor of Vlkerthorpe, lying in the Parish of Southwinfield, in the County of Derby, to be paid to them by the hands of the Warden and Rentors of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, whom he left in trust, to see NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. Io! it and other gifts disposed as may appeare by his will dated Sep- tember the 6th. Anno Dom: 1603, though this monument was erected but 1630.” Hitherto the descent of this Philip, the Testator, has not been discoverd by the Editor. Henry Strelley, of Hempsell (No. 25), 4th son of Sir Nicholas, had two sons ; John, whose descendants now inherit Oakerthorpe, and Henry. On the 30th of October, 1626, Henry Strelley, of Lees Hall, Derbyshire, gentleman, purchased 8 acres of pasture in Bulwell Snape, from Christopher Newton of Kirkby-in-Ashfield, for £46 ; the original deed, now in possession of Thomas Hardy, Esq., of Bulwell Hall and Kimberley, has the autographs of Patrick Strelley (see under No. 24), George Charnley, and Ffrancys Cooke. 26. John Strelley, of Hempsell, is mentioned in the will of Philip Strelley as the son of Henry Strelley, brother of Sir Anthony of Strelley. It has been stated by some that the Strelleys of Oaker- thorpe do not represent the ancient house of Strelley of Strelley. It is for this very reason that such stress is here laid upon this will of Philip Strelley entailing the estate at Oakerthorpe upon the junior representatives of that house in 1603, as though he had foreseen the speedy extinction of the senior line. The present family of the Strelleys of Oakerthorpe are in possession of that estate solely by virtue of their being the true representatives of Henry the fourth son of Sir Nicholas Strelley of Strelley, upon whose children that estate was entailed by the testator. No genealogy is so indisputable as that attested by succession under the law of entail. This John did not live to occupy the Oakerthorpe estate (he occurs as late as 1614) ; it was held by Ralph, the testator’s only surviving brother, until 1646, when the property devolved upon 27. Henry Strelley, second son of the said John, who on the 13th of November in that year, succeeded, owing to the death of his elder brother John in 1614, at the age of 22. This Henry had three other brothers, Patrick, George, and Francis, who died without issue. In 1642, according to the Morton Registers, 102 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. Henry Strelley was then living at Woolley, in that parish. He died in 1685, leaving issue by his wife, Alice, six children: 1. Francis, baptized at Morton, rgth January, 1642; buried at South Winfield, October 2oth, 1670. 2. Philip Strelley, baptized at South Winfield, September 29th, 1647 ; succeeded to the Oakerthorpe estate 1685. 3. George, baptized at South Winfield, March 31st, 1650. Succeeded Philip in the Oakerthorpe estate in 1700. Died June 23rd, 1712, and buried at South Winfield on the 26th. He married Jane Lowe, of Denby, 2oth July, 1701 (Shirland Church Register). She subse- quently became the wife of Isaac, son of Isaac Hagg, of Derby. George and Jane Strelley left issue four children : (a) George, who succeeded to Oakerthorpe in 1712. He married ‘“‘ Mrs. Margaret Morley at Shirland Church in 1721—July 18th.” She was afterwards the wife of Joseph Shaw, of ‘‘ Borslam.”” (South Winfield Register, March 2oth, 1726.) George Strelley was buried at South Winfield, May rath, 1726. (4) Anne Strelley, daughter of George and Jane, baptized at South Winfield, November 3oth, 1703. (c) Mary Strelley, baptized July 31st, 1705, at South Winfeld. (d) Philip Strelley, died an infant of a few days, 1709. 4. John Strelley, son of Henry and Alice, baptized 8th December, 1652 (ob. s. p.) 5. Marie Strelley, baptized at Morton, 1645; buried at South Winfield, August 24th, 1670. The sixth child was 28. William Strelley, fifth son of Henry and Alice, baptized November sth, 1658, succeeded to the Oakerthorpe estate in 1726, on the death of his nephew, George Strelley, the son of NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 103 his elder brother. He died the next year, when he was succeeded by his only son. 29. William Strelley, of Oakerthorpe, who married Elizabeth Sare (she was born June rsth, 1692; died Wednesday, September 23rd, 1761, and was buried at Pentrich the Saturday following, aged 6g years). Inthe year 1736, a mill, for the manufacture of red paint from the chalybeate deposit of the spring at Oaker- thorpe, was leased to John Wilcockson, of Wirksworth, for 21 years. The ruddy course of this spring, as it discharges itself into the brook by the bridge, may still be seen, as well as the remains of the mill, now a cottage, close by. He died Wednesday, September 3rd, 1755, aged 70, and was interred at South Winfield. He was succeeded in the estate by his only son. 30. William Strelley, baptized at Pentrich, November 28th, 1716, who married Grace, daughter of Thomas Robey, Esq , of Denby Park, and Alice, his wife (married at South Winfield, January 22nd, 1713), daughter of Richard Clayton of Codnor Breach. This Thomas Robey was son of Robert of Castle Donington, by Grace, his wife, the sixth daughter of Sir Thomas Gresley. Robert Robey died at Denby Old Hall, roth November, 1714, and was buried on the 13th at Castle Donington, where Grace had been interred 2nd November, 1709. William Strelley and Grace Robey were married at Tutbury, but owing to some official neglect, unfortunately too common at that period, the wedding was not recorded in the Registers ; but a special commission was subsequently appointed by Chancery, when the marriage was duly certified. William Strelley died in 1795, leaving issue one daughter, Lucy, who died 27th March, 1787, aged 41 years, and 31. Robert Strelley, of Oakerthorpe, Denby, and Wainsgrove. He married Elizabeth, eldest daughter and co-heir of Richard Clayton, Esq., of Codnor Breach and Wainsgrove, on the 8th of February, 1768, at Heanor. They left issue eight children : 1. Robert, eldest. 2. Benjamin, who succeeded his father in the estates, 104 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. . William, M.D., of Denby. . Alice, wife of Rev. — Brown. . Elizabeth. . Jemima, wife of Mr. Pattison. . Grace, who married, first, R. Parker, Esq., of Denby Old Hall; and, second, Thomas Devonport, Esq., by whom she had issue Georgina, of Denby Old Hall, now Mrs. Eckersley. 8. Lucy, wife of Joseph Harris, M.D., by whom she left issue Mary, wife of H. C. Gregory, Esq., of Chelten- ham, who have issue Elizabeth. 32. Benjamin Strelley, of Oakerthorpe and Wainsgrove. Born 3rd November, 1775, married Hannah Hopkinson. Died 1846, aI Dun Bh W leaving issue three sons : 1. Richard Clayton Strelley, eldest. 2. William Robey Strelley, married Caroline Peters, by whom he had William Robey Strelley, eldest son, and John. 3. Frederick Clayton Strelley, who married Frances Paynter. 33. Richard Clayton Strelley, eldest son of Benjamin and Hannah Strelley, of Oakerthorpe and Wainsgrove, married Frances Joanna, daughter of George Moore, Esq., of Cornwall. Sold Wainsgrove. Died 1884. Buried at Pentrich. He left issue seven children : 1. Philip Bateman Strelley, eldest, died 1878, s. p. 34. 2. Richard Charles Strelley, present owner of Oakerthorpe, born December 8th, 1853, married Gertrude, daughter of Rees Lewis, Esq., of Ebbwvale, Monmouthshire. . Clayton Somerville Strelley, born 1oth January, 1867. _ Harriet Frances, wife of Richard Upton, Esq. . Maria Elizabeth. Ada Maud, married August, 1889, to Shaw Mackenzie, Esq., of Newhall, Invergorden, Ross, N.B. 7. Alice Georgiana. Own > w NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 105 STRELLEY GLEANINGS. Consisting of Members of the Family whose descent the Compiler has not yet discovered. Hugo de Strelley held 15 acres in Sandiacre in 1237. (Pipe Ro.). Nicholas Strelley paid an oblation to the Sheriff (43 Henry IIL., Pipe Ro.). Geoffry de Strelley paid a new oblation to Hugo de Stapleford, Sheriff, 1 Edward I. William, son of Roger de Strelley, paid an oblation to Gervaise de Clifton, Sheriff, 12 Edward I. (Pipe Ro.). In 1315-6 he was one of the mortgagees of the tolls of Retford Bridge (‘‘ Nottingham Borough Records,” i. 84). Jordan de Strelley, of Ashover, paid 60s. to the subsidy, Anno 1 Edward III. (Yeatman’s “ Feud. Hist.,” iii. 207). Richard de Strellay. ‘‘The King, for good service, at the request of his cousin, etc., Roger de Mortimer, granted to Richard de Strellay the custody of the Forest of Beskwood, within the Royal Forest of Shirwood, during life, paying, etc.’’ (Abbrev. Rot. Orig. Scac., 2 Edward III., Ro. 9., A.D. 1328-9.) This grant was renewed in the 8th year of the same, at a yearly rent of ro marks. Cicily, daughter of Sir Nich. Strelley, Kt., wife of Richard de Corve, or Corfhull, of Corfhull, Salop, died in 1390, and was interred at Cardington in that county. (Communicated by F. Channer Corfield, Esq., Ormonde Fields, Codnor.) Roger de Strelley, and his wife, Joan, occur (‘ Nottingham Borough Records”) May 16th, 1397. William Strelley, Vicar of Rouceby, Lincolnshire, where a painted window existed to his memory (Holles MS., temp. Charles I.). ‘‘ Fenestra borealis superior ’’—Palee of 6, argent and blew; in chief a cinquefoil gu/es (Strelley, of Woodborough) with this inscription, ‘‘ Orate pro aia Willi: Stirlay vicarii qui hanc fenestram fieri fecit.’’ Peter de Strelley, living 1413. (See under No. 14.) 106 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. Hugo de Strelley of Castleton, probably one of the Strelleys of Haselbach, living 10 Henry VI., 1432. John Strelley, of Oxton, Esq., witness to a deed of release, February 1, 1483-4 (‘‘ Nottingham Borough Records ”’). Thomas Strelley, living a.D. 1487. (See under No. 18.) Robert Strelley, in 1503, paid 28s. towards an aid granted to the King, assessed on his property in Nottingham (“ Nottingham Borough Records ”’). John Strelley, died 1509 (Leliguary, xxiv. 14. Chance. Inq. P.M.). **Of your charite pray for the soully: of Grace Strelley and John hyr sonne which John dicessyde the xx day of June in ye yere of our Lord M.V*. xj on whos soullys Ihu haue mercy.” (Monumental inscription in Coleshill Church, Warwickshire, given by Dugdale.) Thomas Strelley had property in Free Row, Nottingham, in 1524; perhaps the same as above in 1487. ‘Sir Nicholas”’ Strelley, ‘‘ Parson of Heth”’ (? Heath), occurs in the will of Sir J. Leeke, Knight, 1523. Nicholas Strelley, died 1537 (ediquary, xxiv. 15. Inq. P.M. 28 Henry VIII.). Nicholas Strelley, died 1539 (Aediguary, xxiv. 16. Inq. P.M.). James Strelley, ‘‘Gentleman,” was presented in 1542 for obstructing the highway in Nottingham with rammel and stones (“ Nottingham Borough Records,” iii. 393). Richard Strelley, son of Philip, baptized at Pinxton, 1568 (Che, Reg): The following members are from “ Burke’s History of the ” Commoners.” Anthony Strelley, of Beache, Notts., married Rose, daughter of Thomas Repyngton, and relict of John Blenkinsop, c. 1360. (ii. 474.) John Farnham, Esq., of Nether Hall, married a ag: c 1450. (ili. 503.) ae Strelley, married Sarah, daughter of Sir Simon Digby, t., of Coleshill, Warwickshire, temp. Henry VII. (iil. 461.) NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 107 John Strelley, of Strelley, married Anne, daughter of Thomas Kmardsley, Esq., of Lockesley, c. 1535. (i. 167.) William Strelley, Esq., of Strelley, married Anne, second daughter of William Dod, Esq., c. 1570. (iii. 550.) Thomas Grimston, of Grimston, married, c. 1570, the daughter of John Strelley, Esq., of Lamblery (? Linby), Notts. (iii. 71.) 108 Strelley of Haslebach. COMPILED BY THE Rev. CHARLES KERRY. (a)* Philip de Strelley, = Avicia, dau. and heiress second son of Sampson of Strelley. of Richard Fitz Roger. Received the mill of Brough from K. John, 1199. Died 1247-8. | (2) Sampson de Strelley,= succeeded to Brough A.D. 1247. Living c. 1272. Dead before 1276. | | | | (c) Hugh de Strelley = (d) John de Strelley, (e) William de Strelley, Held Brough in held Hazlebach died, seized of Brough 1276. Died in in 1302. Mill, 1308. 1292, seized of the Hazlebach estates. | (7) Philip de Strelley, = Nicola, married “son of Hugh.” | 1296. Born 1272. Died 8th July, 1347. | (g) Hugh de Strelley, = son of Philip. Died 1350. a | i (Z) William de Strelley. = (z) Hugh de Strelley, living Born 1324. Died, 1360—when he _ held seized of Brough, property in Bakewell 1363. (Haddon Charters). | | (2) Philip de Strelley, (m) Hugh de Strelley, = Died gth April, aged 16 in 1368. 1368. Died 1391. 14th Rice Ll. | | fon (z) Sir John de Hugh Strelley, = Strelley, Kt, = Joan. of Castleton, : Born czrca A.D. 1433- myoO;mar eee ried as early | as 1408. fohn Strelley, = ‘¢ Esquire.” | Robert Strelley, [ona Sa living femp. (*The letters before the names refer to the subsequent notes.) Edward IV. 109 Hotes to the Pedigree of the Strellevs of Haslehach. By Rev. CHARLES KERRY. of this Journa/) of the Strelleys of Hazlebach. ‘The following, compiled from Government archives and other ancient records, is now submitted to the public. It does not, however, pretend to be a complete account of this branch of the family; indeed, considering the lapse of time since their heritage was added to the Vernon estates, it would be utterly useless to make the attempt. Where the descent can be proved from authentic sources, it is shown in the tabulated pedigree in the usual manner, prodbad/e affinities being indicated by dotted lines. Hazlebach, or Hazlebadge, is a township in the parish of Hope, three miles N.N.E. from Tideswell on the Bradwell route to Castleton. The readers of this Journal may find some account of it, as well as a pretty illustration of the old Hall, by our friend Mr. Bailey, in the tenth volume, page 76, in the ‘‘ Rhyming Chronicle of John Harestaff, of Sudbury,’ and in the introduction to the same written by Rev Dr. Cox. Hazlebach has descended to the present Duke of Rutland from the Vernons of Haddon, who cbtained it from the Strelleys in the reign of Henry V. This manor was one of the many estates conferred by the Conqueror on William Peverel. The Ito NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. Domesday account of it is as follows :—‘‘In Heselebec, and Leitun (Litton), Lewine had iij carucates and a half of land hidable. Land for as many ploughs. There are now in demesne 1 plough, and iij villanes with half a plough. There are two acres of meadow and a little underwood. T.RE. xx’. now iy. shill.” In or about the first year of Henry II., a.p. 1154, Hazlebach, with the rest of the Peverel estates was forfeited by its owner for poisoning the Earl of Chester, and it was at that time probably taken into the king’s hands. From a statement under Note ‘1’ to the Pedigree of the Strelleys of Strelley, it would seem that Hazlebach was originally held by the family of Moyz, and made over by them to the Strelleys, and it remained in the senior branch of the family as part of the lordship, or fee of Strelley long afterwards, as will be seen by the subsequent inquisitions. BrouGH MILL, so often referred to in these notes, stands on the stream called Bradwell Brook, about a mile north of that village, near its junction with the ‘ Noe,’ a brook flowing from Peak cavern into the Derwent. ‘“* The mill of Brough was in the hands of the said King John, and he gave it to Philip de Strelley for the service of finding a valet for carrying a falcon trained to take herons in the season, and so it was held from king to king éy etr to heir, and Hugo Strelley now holds it.” (Hundr. Rolls, anno 1275.) It seems somewhat strange in the face of this record that there should be an earlier notice in the Pipe Rolls (9g Richard I, a.p. 1197-8) shewing that Philip de Strelley was in possession of Brough Mill two or three years before John began to reign. (Yeatman’s “ Feud. Hist.,” i., 143-) John may have resumed the holding as chief lord, and then confirmed it to Philip de Strelley under changed conditions of tenure. This will explain the apparent discrepancy. (a) Philip de Strelley, upon whom King John bestowed the mill of Brough, was a younger brother of Walter de Strelley of Strelley. He married Avicia, posthumous daughter and heiress of Richard fitz Roger, paying to the king ten marks and a palfrey for this privilege anno 3 John. (Yeatman’s “ Feud. Hist.,” i. 152.) Hugh fitz Roge NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. ih acted as his seneschal. Philip paid 44 scutage for the mill in the 1st year of King John. (Yeatman’s “ Feud. Hist.,” I., 146). He had the custody of Robert de Strelley, son of his elder brother Walter, during his minority, and this by the gift of Geoffry de Mandeville, to whom King John gave that wardship. Thatlandis worth roos., out of which Cecilia, the widow of Walter, has one third for her dower. This was written anno 2 Henry III. (Yeatman’s “Feud. Hist.,” ii., 407.) He died anno 32 Henry III., when (4) Sampson, son and heir of Philip, paid two marks for his relief for the mill at Brough, anno 1247. (‘‘ Feud. Hist., i., 216.”) In the survey of the Honor of Peverell, a.p. 1250 (see p. 52), it was reported that ‘‘Sampson de Stretlegh holds the manor of ‘ Haselbach. It is worth 60s. per annum, and he gives two shillings for aid to the bailiff.” In the year 1252, Adam de Langesdon and Albreda, his wife, grant to Sampson de Strelley for a sparrow hawk, 3 oxgangs of land in Haselbech, zz fee, performing all services pertaining to the same land, to the chief lords of the fee, for Albreda and her heirs (Cal. Fin.” Journal, viii., 56). ““The Prior and Convent of Lenton receive two parts (as well of the greater as of the less) tithes in the hamlet which is called Haselbeche, coming out of the demesne of Sampson de Haselbache, and they value the greater tithes at 8°. and the less at 2°. That land was in the demesne of Will Peverell, but of the fee of Codnor now held by Richard de Grey.” (/ournad, v., 144.) William Burdett grants by his charter ¢. 1250, (preserved at Haddon) to Robert ‘‘ Molendarius”’ (the miller), of Haselbache, half a virgate of land in the fields of Haselbache, which Hasketel held,—homage and service excepted. Witnesses: Adam de Wendu, Peter Rabaz, John Maufe, Hasketel, son of Hubert, Robert, his brother, William Russel. Was this Robert a Strelley ? William, son of William, clerk of Scatton, confirmed (c¢. 1272) to Sampson de Strelley, his heirs and assigns, the land which Ranulph Goth, of Haselbach, held of him (save the service due to Edward, son of King Henry) at the rent of 3s. yearly. Witnesses : ‘Dominus ’’ Thomas de Bolton, then Bailiff of the Peak; Peter I12 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. de Huryst (Hurst), William Hally, Philip the Clerk, Henry Moton, Rich. Breton, Richard the servant of Brough.—Seal, vesica shaped, green wax, fleur de lis in centre, with the legend, Scan: hie aWine sy WAL? Another Haddon charter of about the same date records that ‘William the son of William Clerk of Scatton confirms to Sampson de Strelleya one toft with the whole land which Robert son of Bille held, and a toft which William son of Richard of Haselbach held of him, paying yearly one pair of white gloves or one farthing.” Witnesses same as to preceding document. Legend on seal “ Avicia Fit WII.” Mem. If Richard of Hazlebach be Richard Fitz Roger this will explain the name on the seal, thus :— Richard Fitz Roger. = | | Avicia. = Philip de William, = Strelley. | Sampson de Strelley. | (“ Avicia filia Willi.’’) The name Azicia on the seal seems to point to some connection with Avicia Sampson’s mother, for the name was not a very common one. (c) Hugh de Strelley held the mill of Brough in 1276. He died in 1292, seized of rents in Ethlestre (Allestre), Milnehay, the mill of Brough, Haseibach, and lands in Wardlow. “ Inquest taken before Master Thomas de Normanville escheator of our Lord the King on this side Trent, at Haslebach, in the county of Derby, on Wednesday next after the Feast of the Translation of Thomas the Martyr, in the 2oth year of King Edward (rst), regarding the extent of the lands and tenements of Hugh de Stredeley, deceased, in the said county, by the oaths of Richard Redman of Tydeswell, Alexander de Luceby of the same, William Redman of the same, Thomas Andrew of the same, Thomas Redman of the same, Henry Andrew of the same, Thomas Quenild of the same, William son of Bace of Hucklow, NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. {13 William Rankell of the same, Thomas Rankell of the same, Nicholas, clerk of Bradwell, and Robert son of William of the same. who say that the said Hugh on the day of his death held a certain water-mill at Brough, 7 chief, of our Lord the King, by the service of carrying a lanar falcon* to the court of our Lord the King in the season, at the King’s charge, whilst he shall dwell there, except that he shall have his own proper horse when he comes to offer his service, which horse, if he die, shall be made good to him by the King. And the mill is worth £9 6s. 8d. per annum. Item, they say that the said Hugh had on the day of his death a certain manor at Hasselbach, with edifices and enclosures, and it is worth eleven and a half marks per ann. Itm, he had in demesne five bovates of land worth six shillings the bovate yearly. Itm, he had in bondage sixteen bovates of plough-land, worth six shillings the bovate yearly. Itm, in free tenants six shillings. Itm, ‘ Loth minerie,'+ worth to shillings. Itm, profits of court worth halfa mark. Itm, herbage ina certain wood they value at 40 pence. There is a certain mill at Haselbach, enclosed, worth 20s. per annum. Itm, the said Hugo had from a certain freehold in Wardlow, six shillings. Itm, they say that the said Hugh held the said Manor of Haselbach of Mr. Robert de Stredley, by homage, and the service of the fourth part of a knight’s fee. *Lanar FALCoN.—Giraldus Cambrensis writes :—‘‘ Ireland produces no falcons but those of noble breed. The ignoble species, vulgarly called ‘Jayner,’ are not found here.” In old books of falconry, hawks had their gradations of rank. The gerfalcon was the royal bird ; the peregrine was appropriated to an earl; the sakyr to a knight ; merlin to a lady ; /aner to an esquire ; 4oby to a gentleman of the first rank ; gosshawk to a yeoman; a sparrow hawk to a priest; and a kestrel toa knave.”—(Bohn’s edit., p. 42). Vide ‘* Du Cange’s Glossary,” iv., 37, under ‘‘ 2 Lanarii,” where he writes that some derive the name from laniena, a butcher’s stall, because of its tearing or dissecting habit : ‘‘ sed alii & pilis ave similibus etymon deducunt.” +A tenure of lead mining under which the King claimed every thirteenth dish. Cf this Ducange writes:—“ ‘Lot’ or ‘Loth’ which the King of England received from lead mines situated in Royal demesne, was the thirteenth dish, as appears from two deeds given by Thomas Blount, anno. 9 Ed. f. ‘ Ralph de Wyne made a certain enclosure on the land of our Lord the King in Tadington and Priestclive in making a lead mine, whence the King was accustomed to receive ‘‘le Lot mineris,” that is the thirteenth vase,’ And again, 16 Ed. L., ‘Froma profitable mine held in fee of our Lord the King he had for his lordship the thirteenth dish, which is called * Le Loth.’ ”— (‘* Glossary,” iv., 274.) 8 114 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. Item, they say that Philip, son of the said Hugo, is his next heir, and is of the age of twenty years on Michaelmas next.” * There seems to have been another “inquest post mortem”’ held at Derby on Saturday next after the Feast of S. Swythun, 20 Ed. I., when the Jury consisted of Will: le Burgelym, Will: le Park, Will: de Codinton, Roger de Raunberiz, Will: son of Rich: de Chylelake, Robert de Hall de Mavewere, Hen: de Bredlow in Langeley, Hugh Franceys in Allestree, Mineil de Arderne, Will : Wolf de Makeworth, Thom (?) son of Peter de Langeley, and Philip son of Richard de Derby. ‘They found that Hugh Strelley died possessed of—In Allestree, 6 bovates, worth 6s. 8d. the bovate ; a place of land there worth 12d. per ann. At Mulnehay land worth zs. Two bovates of the aforesaid 6, held of Thomas Touchet by homage and service at 22d., with suit of court every 3 weeks. Two bovates of the 6, held of Will., son of Richard de da Vere,t by homage and service at 12d. Two more bovates of the 6, held of the Abbot of Darley at 18d. A place of land of Will. de Burley at 8d. per ann. A rent of Milnehay held of Robert de Strelley at 3d. perann. Philip, son of Hugo, is next heir, and is of the age of 20 years at Michalmas next. (2) John de Strelley. At the scutage of 30 Ed. I. (a.pD. 1302) he held a quarter of a knight’s fee in Haselback (‘‘ Yeatman,’ i. 470), 2@.e., the whole of the Strelley estate there. Probably brother of Hugh last-named. (e) William Strelley, died seized of the mill of Brough in 1308. Perhaps dvother to the last-named John. (/) Philip de Strelley, ‘‘son of Hugh.” (Ing. p. mortem, above.) In 1296, he paid £30 to the King for permission to marry Nicola, both named on the Pipe Roll of 1306. About the year 1300, ‘‘ Philip de Strelley lord of Haselbache conveyed to Philip de Haschis of Prestcliffe, one chief messuage and two bovates in Haslebach, which Isabel Askeld held in fee, at the * Translated from a transcript of the original Inquisition, made by Charles Robson in 1620, in the possession of Richard Charles Strelley, Esq. + See under (‘‘g”) where the same bovates are held of Richard de Helokere. NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. 11S yearly rent of 12s. of silver. Witnesses, William de Gratton, Thom. de Bocston (? Buxton), Ric. Archer, Rob. de Sterndale, Ivo de Tadyngton, Rog. Coterel, Ralph Coterel seneschal, William, clerk of Baucquelle.—(Haddon Muniments. ) This Philip died in the 20th year of Edward III., and the official inquest was held at Hope on Sunday next after the Feast of S. Oswald in that year (A.D. 1347) under Thomas de Pyckering, Escheator in Notts. and Derbyshire. The Jury were—Henry del Halle, Robert le Taillour, Nic. de Wodrove, John de Billeston, John Balgy, Thomas son of Richard le Archer, John le Archer, Gervaise Wodrove, Andr. le Archer, Rob. de Bagshah, Rich. del Clogh, and Rich. le Eyr, who said that Philip de Strelley, deceased, held of our Lord the King, etc., the mill of Brough by homage and fealty, by the service of providing a man with a heron falcon in the season yearly, and two tunics, and if the horse should die while in the king’s service the king was bound to restore it. The said Philip held the manor of Haselbach of Robert de Strelley by the service of a quarter of a knight’s fee, valued at 45 shillings, beyond the said service. Also a place of pasture called Milne- haw, in Notts., of the lord of Honour (under Codnor), by the service of providing one pair of shoes yearly. Two bovates of the lord of Markeaton at 16d., worth 4s. more. Two bovates in the vill of Allestree of the Abbot of Derby at 18d., worth 3s. 6d. more, and two more bovates in Allestree at 6d. The same Philip died the 8th of July, 20 Ed. III. Hugh, his son, and next heir, is of the age of 40 years and more. (g) Hugh de Strelley, ‘‘son of Philip, succeeded his father 8 July, 20 Edward I. He died 23 Edward III., 1350. The ‘ inquest post mortem’ was held at Castleton before Henry de la Pole, steward for the High Peak, for Queen Philippa on Wednesday on the feast of S. Hilary. The jury consisted of Chr. de Abbeney, Will. Fox, Philip de Wirchill, Will. Redeman, Robert Quenyty, John son of Henry de Huklowe, Roger son of Henry de Huklowe, Rich. son of Robert de Burgh, Giles Valle, Will, Andrew, Richard son of Coleta, and Richard son of John de Bradwell.” The particulars of the estates are the same as given above, except that two of the 116 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. bovates in Allestree were held of “Richard son of Richard de Helokere.” ‘The said Hugh died on Monday next after the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the year aforesaid—and they reported that William, son of the said Hugh, is the next heir, and that he is of the age of 26 years and more.” _ (A) William de Strelley, son of Hugh (a.p. 1356)—“ It is com- manded to Walter de Montgomery, Escheator of the King in the county of Derby, that he accept security from William, son and heir of Hugo de Strelley, concerning his reasonable relief, and the mill of Brough,” etc. (Abbrev. Rot. Orig. Scaccarii, 29 Edward III. Ro. 3) Died, seized of the estates, a.D. 1363. (7) “ Hugh, son of Hugh de Strelley” (anno 33 Edward III., A.D. 1360) released to William de Burgh of Bakewell a certain messuage in Bakewell.—(Haddon Muniments). (2) Philip, son and heir of William de Strelley, died 9th of April, 41 Edward III. (1368.) The jury said that Hugo, brother of the said Philip, is his next heir, and he is of the age of 16 years. He held 2 parts of the mill of Brough, and three messuages, and 3 bovates of land in the same vill, of Philippa, Queen of England. In Haselbach he held of Sampson de Strelley, Kt., of Strelley, a messuage valued at 4°., six cottages valued at 12°., and rents of assize at 34°. 4°. (m) Hugo de Strelley, son of William, died 1391. John Strelley, son of the said Hugo deceased, is the next heir of the said Hugo, was 11 years old on Christmas last.—(Inquest post mortem, 14 Richard II., 1391). (x) Sir John de Strelley, Kt. (Anno 1408.) Walter Pyg and Alice, his wife, of Haselbach, conveyed to Sir John de Strelley and Joan his wife, a messuage and 2 bovates of land in the field and village of Haselbach. Witnesses, Nich. Montgomery, Robert le Ayr de Hope, forester, William de Abnay of the same, Richard Pygot, John le Smyth of Tydeswall. Given at Haselbach on Lord’s Day next after the feast of S. Martin in winter, anno 9 Henry IV.—(Haddon Muniments.) Sir John de Strelley, Kt., was assessed at £33 in the scutage of 13 Henry IV. Anno 1421. Indenture between Richard Vernon, of the first part, NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS. I1l7 and Joan, who was the wife of Sir John Strelley, Kt., on the other part; witnesseth that the aforesaid Johanna concedes and grants to Richard Vernon all the estate in all lands and tenements, meadows, feedings, etc., etc., which the said Johanna lately held with the aforesaid John Strelley, her late husband, to him and his lawful heirs, in Hathersage, Castleton, Brough, Haselbach, Allestree, etc., in co. Derby, to have and to hold the aforesaid estate of the said Johanna in all the aforesaid lands, tenements, meadows, mills, etc., to the said Richard Vernon his heirs and assigns for ever, to be held of the chief lords of those fees by the accustomed services, rendering and paying annually to the aforesaid Johanna for. her life ten marks of lawful money of England, at the feasts of S. Michael and S. Martin, by equal portions. (Here follow the pro- visions for distraint in case of failure of payment and fine for default). Witnesses, Nich. Ruggeley de Hawkeserth, Notts., John Stafford, of Eyam, John Columbell, of Derby, Sampson Meverell, of Tideswell, Ralph Merssh. Given at Allestree, in Purification of Blessed Virgin Mary, anno 9 Henry V.—(Haddon Muniments.) “ Haselbach. 30 June, 7 Henry VI. Know ye that I, Joan Strelley, formerly wife of John de Strelley, Knight, have received of Richard Vernon five marks of lawful money for my farm of Haselbach from the end of the nativity of St. John Baptist last past, of which I confess myself paid.” Hugh Strelley (anno to Henry VI., a.p. 1433) has roos. rent in Casleton.—(Ing. of Knights Fees, ‘‘ Féud. Hist.,” ii., 501.) (0) John Strelley, Esq. (Anno 1460.) Robert Stafford, Esq., and Henry Stafford, Rector of Treton, Yorkshire, confirm to John Strelley, Esq., “ our manor of Haselbach, which we have of the gift and feoffment of Richard Walkedon, Vicar of the Church of Hope and Thurston Eyre, Vicar of the Church of Hathersage.”’ Witnesses, Rich. Stafford, Thom. Plassey, Roger Thornhill. Given at Haselbach, 24 July, 38 Henry VI. Another deed relating to this John Strelley, Esq., is as follows : ‘This indenture made betwyn John Streuley, of Haselbach, Esquyer, on y‘ t’on party, John Pole, of Hertyngton, Esquyer, 118 NOTES TO THE PEDIGREE OF THE STRELLEYS, and Richard Baukwell on that othur pty. Wytnes at the sayd John Strewley have sold to the sayd John Pole and Richard Baukwell all the wodys being grofeyng and stondyng within the lordshyp of Haselbach fro the date of this pres’nt inst to the xij yere next comyng gifing therfor to the seyd John Strelley xl shill . etc., John Pole and Richard Baukwell to set a hegge about the hole wodde to dure iiij yeres at their own proper costys. (Free entry and freedom from trespass granted.) Given at Sheffield, zo Feb......... . Henry VI.” By another deed attached to the former, John Strelley, Esq., leases the manor of Haselbach to the said John Pole and Richard Baukwell. John Strelley and Robert, his son, occur in a deed ‘éemp. Edward 1V.—(Haddon Muniments.) , ar ws , : rs ; -- at $3 \ * - ie mF. > tw + . ; _ x. . - ~ PLATE.B re) = =] Y rec ) s oS 3] = © tea — Ka] QD 5) 5 ts) 5) A ee a eS ee, “ i . ‘ . « — * — Derbysbire Encaustic Tiles. PLATE.F. veWARD. DEL Derbysbire Encaustic Tiles. -— T1g Notes on the £ledtabal Pavement and Wall Giles of Derbyshire. By JoHN WaRD. T is difficult to say whether, in respect to these tiles, Derbyshire ranks high or the reverse amongst English counties. The subject has been but little dealt with and no attempt has been made, so far as I am aware, to catalogue the examples of even a single county. No branch of medizval art was more utterly lost sight of in the centuries that followed the Reformation ; and none has received a more tardy appreciation in the so-called Gothic revival of the present reign. Even still, simple as they look, they have points that modern skill has failed to re-produce. As will be seen later in this introduction, it is impossible to study the tiles of any given county to the exclusion of all others, at least, if we are to arrive at results of any great value. For this reason, I shall add to my list the names of places outside our county where the same tiles occur, depending in a great measure upon the interest of members of this Society to make the list as complete as possible.* 2 The tiles found during the excavations on the site of Dale Abbey in 1878-9, and now preserved in the little museum there, form the largest and most interesting collection in the county. * I have tracings of the old tiles of Repton, Newton Solney, Ashbourne, Tideswell, Boulton, Bakewell nd Fenny Bentley for future additions to this paper. I20 MEDIAEVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. They are briefly described in Mr. St. John Hope’s reports in the first and second volumes of this Journa/, but are not illustrated ; and recently I contributed a series of articles and plates upon them, together with those of Morley Church, to the Re/iguary. About thirty years ago a kiln containing a large number of tiles was discovered close by the ruins of the gatehouse of this abbey. No record was published at the time; but in a short notice in the posthumous work of the Rev. Samuel Fox, Zhe History anid Antiquities of the Church of S. Matthew, Morley, it is stated that ‘‘ the tiles had been burnt, but had not been subsequently disturbed ;” and that “as soon as it became generally known that the discovery had been made, they were quickly dispersed among those who appreciated them ’’—not before, however (so an eye-witness informs me), many had been broken up to mend the roads with. It is unfortunate that no drawings of the patterns were made, also that none of the actual tiles are known to be in existence ; so we cannot say more than that the manufacture of the abbey tiles at this kiln is highly probable. The result of enquiries in the neighbourhood points to this kiln having been a tunnel-like brick structure about twelve feet long, and sufficiently wide and high to allow a man to crawl along it. Closely associated with the Dale tiles, as probable products of the same kiln, are those forming the pavement at the east end of the north aisle of Morley Church. In the brief notice upon them in the above history of this church, which includes three excellent plates by Mr. Bailey of the more perfect specimens, we learn that previous to the restoration of 1850 they were dispersed over the floor. In Cox’s Churches of Derbyshire (vol. iv., pp. 330 and 345) the armorial bearings are identified, and some interest- ing particulars are given; and the remark is made that these tiles came from Dale, “only in the sense of having been purchased from the canon’s kiln, and were not brought here, as has generally been said, after the dissolution of the abbey.” The statement is, I think, a little doubtful. There is a series of small tiles at Morley which, if I mistake not, are quite un- connected with Dale; and it must not be forgotten that this MEDIAZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE, 121 north aisle was enlarged out of the spoils, which included the paving materials of the abbey cloister. Would not the extra floor space have required additional tiles ? Next in importance to the Dale Abbey tiles are those of Repton. Most of these were found in 1868, associated with one of the most perfect medizval kilns hitherto unearthed in England. Fortunately, this discovery received the attention of the late Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt’s careful pen and pencil (Religuary, vol. vii.), and from his account we will now take a few particulars. The kiln was found in the “ Paddock,” a field within the site of the priory precincts. It consisted of two oblong vaults, side by side, each seven feet six inches long, two feet six inches wide, and about one foot ten inches in height. The roofs, which were evidently flat, were supported by a series of arched ribs, con- structed of tiles specially shaped for the purpose. Thus, along the sides of these vaults were recesses—the spaces between the projecting ribs; these recesses were sufficiently wide and deep to admit of single piles of the tiles requiring to be burnt. Mr. Jewitt gave their dimensions as 44 inches square, obviously a mistake, as the Repton tiles are rarely under 5 inches square; unless, indeed, the kiln was constructed for and contained smaller tiles. The brickwork of the interior was much vitrified, and from the presence of charcoal it may be concluded that that substance was the fuel used. The tiles, of which there were several hundreds wethin the kiln, were ready stacked for burning, but were not burnt, consequently were soft and pliable. Un- fortunately (for reasons that will be better seen later), Mr. Jewitt’s report did not distinguish between the patterns of these un- finished tiles and those of the numerous broken and spoiled specimens found chiefly in the soil above the kiln, which may have been considerably older. The more perfect of the latter were affixed to the wall of the old school-room, until recent alterations necessitated their removal; pending some suitable resting place, they are stowed away in a cupboard in one of the class rooms. Previous to the above discovery, decorated tiles were found from time to time on the site of this priory, notably I22 MEDIA VAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE, during some excavations on the occasion of the visit of the British Archeological Association in 1851. ‘These Mr. Jewitt described and engraved in the journal of that association. More recently (1885), a large number, were unearthed during the excavation of the site of the priory church, preparatory to the erection of the Pears Memorial Hall; these, with the numerous carved stones then found, were inserted in a wall upon the site of the north aisle wall, but unfortunately many of them are suffering from the effects of exposure. At Newton Solney Church the tower area is paved with an interesting series of old tiles. Many of these were found, during the restoration of 1884, to have been used as rubble in the masonry with which the chancel south doorway was built up. The rest, which exactly accorded with these, had long formed the pavement of a summer arbour on Mr. Ratcliffe’s grounds ; but this gentleman, concluding that they were originally brought from the church, had them removed to their present position. There are a number of fragments, with a few whole specimens, kept in an aumbry in the “ Monumental Chapel” in Ashbourne Church. These have been found from time to time, both inside and outside the church, and although at first sight they look rather worthless, they contain no less than twenty-nine different patterns. The light they help to throw upon our subject is proof sufficient that the vicar’s care in preserving these fragments might be widely imitated. A former rector of Fenny Bentley, near Ashbourne, took an opposite course. When the church of this place was restored in 1850, many tiles were found in the rubble of a wall and elsewhere; these were laid in the Beresford Chantry Chapel. A few years ago the screen of this chapel was removed, and the pavement brokenup. Many of the tiles were smashed up for concrete, but fortunately some were rescued and removed to Bentley Hall, and are now in the hands of the present rector. During the disastrous alterations of Wirksworth Church in 1820, many tiles were found, but were soon dispersed, some going to the collection of the late Mr. Bateman at Lomberdale. More were found in 1876, all of which, I believe, went to Mr. MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 123 Jewitt’s collection. Tiles were also found in 1843 at Bakewell Church, some passing into Mr. Bateman’s hands,* while others were affixed to the floor of the porch, where they still remain. Medizeval tiles are also to be seen in the churches of Tideswell (under the communion table), Cubley, and Boulton. The tiles of our county are, with very few exceptions, of the usual shape—square. They vary considerably in size, but are rarely larger than 5? inches square, and more rarely still, less than 4 inches. There are two prevailing sizes, one having 4} inches for its mean, and the other 51 inches, intermediate sizes being scarce. In all loose specimens that I have examined, I have found the body-clay to be red, rarely very fine, and with evidence of not having been much worked when in the plastic state. The manufacture is obscure, but it does not seem to have materially changed during the period covered by our tiles, which may be roughly set down as from the latter part of the fourteenth century to the first quarter of the fifteenth. The lower surface is invariably rough and sandy, but the sides, which are always more or less on the bevel, are smooth, and frequently show signs of having been cut into shape by a knife or a wire moving downwards, 7.e., from the face to the lower surface, with a slight lateral motion. I think we may conclude that the clay was, in the first instance, rolled upon sand into a sheet about one inch thick, and was then cut into squares of the requisite size, as above indicated. The ornamentation is more easy to understand. In the first stage, the squares, while still plastic, were pressed with a stamp having the decorative device in intaglio, or in relief. In the former case, the resultant pattern would, of course, be in relief. This variety of tile is known as emdossed, but it does not appear to have ever been extensively used, and the Derbyshire examples can certainly be counted on the fingers of both hands. The patterns impressed from the other kind of stamp were either simply left as * The three Wirksworth tiles mentioned in Mr. Bateman’s Catalogue are still in the Weston Park Museum, Sheffield, but several of the Bakewell tiles have disappeared. 124 MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. impressed, that is, in intaglio, or were rendered more evident by the introduction into the hollows of a different colour from the ground. When the simple intaglio was intended, the stamp was usually so carved as to impress a pattern of narrow V-shaped grooves—whence the popular name for such tiles, ¢zcsed. In true excaustic tiles, the hollows were wider, shallower (rarely exceeding 54, inch), and flat-bottomed. The usual treatment-—at least so far as our county is concerned—was to fill in these hollows with a white clay, perhaps pipeclay. Apparently, the square of clay was allowed to dry, and then it was covered with the white clay in a rather soft condition. This was then scraped off to the level of the face of the tile, which would thus present a smooth surface, having the pattern depicted in a different colour. Such encaustic tiles are appropriately termed, zz/azd. But in some specimens, notably at Newton Solney, Repton, and Cubley, a mere film of colouring matter takes the place of a definite inlay, so thin that it fails to appreciably level up the hollows, which in these cases were made very shallow. These tiles had two advan- tages over the inlaid kind—the pattern-colour, being slightly depressed, would allow of its glaze being longer preserved, and the depressions themselves would add strength and richness to the design. The exact method by which the film was introduced is rather obscure. I have noted several instances in which it seems to have been pencilled in, and Mr. Goss, in a private communica- tion, has suggested the name “clay-pencilled” for these tiles. There is, however, little doubt that this was not the usual method. Some plain yellow tiles at Newton Solney and Dale throw a light on the matter. Their body-clay is red, and their surface-colour is produced by a film identical with those just described. Some worn specimens of these tiles disclose that this film was brushed over the surface. Apply this process to the above tiles : —brush a thin white “slip” (that is, clay in a liquid state) over the face of the dried quarry ; the watery part is immediately sucked into the body, leaving a film on the surface; then pass over the face a straight scraper—this removes all the film except what lies in the hollows. Such tiles cannot strictly be called “inlaid.” I cannot MEDIEVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 125 think of a better term than enamelled, for the film looks like enamel, but technically it is very different from a true one. Some- times the film is apparently purposely left over the whole surface, when the tile may be regarded as an embossed one in low relief, Indeed, we cannot draw a hard line between these various classes : sometimes the inlay is purposely left out of one of the inlaid type, as for instance, No. 13, Plate 4, which occurs with an inlay at Dale, and without one at Repton. Incised tiles were particularly liable to receive inlays ; but as it was usual for these tiles to have a wash of light or very dark slip, the remains of this slip in the incisions when worn oft the rest of the surface, are likely to be mistaken for an inlay. The glazes played a highly important part. Their ever-varying hues altered and mellowed down the pattern, and ground-colours into all manner of yellows, buffs, burnt siennas and tender greens contrasted with rich browns, chestnuts, and chestnut-blacks. We rarely find these old tiles untouched with the effects of age and wear; but when we do, we can form some idea of the rich, varied colouring their pavements must have presented. Herein were they superior to our modern work, which in colour is terribly harsh and uniform, and in design too exact. The stamps were obviously of wood, for occasionally the impress of its grain (oak, apparently) may be detected in the hollows from which the inlay has fallen, and even showing through the enamel of the other variety of encaustic tiles. Now and again an interval in which the inlay colour is replaced with that of the body may be noticed to cross the pattern; this is caused bya crack or split in the stamp, such as that to which wood is liable when subjected to alternations of moisture and dryness. These dark lines should be borne in mind, lest a particularly straight one be mistaken for part of the design. In a back volume of our Journal one of the Fenny Bentley tiles, bearing the arms of the See of Lichfield, is described as “counter-changed per bend sinister.” To judge from a tracing, this bend is simply one of these fissures. The stamps varied in size according to the required tiles ; but it frequently happened that a small stamp was 126 MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. used for a large tile, and vice versa. Examples will be readily observed in the plates. The ornamentation of old encaustic tiles is always consistent. No shading gives rise to an impression that any of the details are in relief. The designers believed that the prime requirement or a good pavement was flatness ; and so their decorative treatment was flat. When walking upon its delineations of natural objects— birds, beasts and foliage—we do not walk upon pictures ; they are coventionally expressed. There is no attempt to disguise its con- struction: the tile is directly or indirectly the unit of decorative arrangement, which in consequence is geometrical or ‘‘set,” and not free or flowing. There is also an esthetic reason for this: a so-called “set” pattern accentuates the immobility of a pave- ment, while flowing lines, highly suitable for drapery and hangings, have a weakening effect. Looked at from the standpoint of their decoration, the tiles we are dealing with, whether inlaid, enamelled, incised, or embossed, fall into several more or less overlapping groups. First are those in which the individual quarry displays a device decoratively complete in itself. Nos. 2, 7, 9, plate 4; 3, C; and 12, % may be cited as typical examples. In combina- tions, these were chiefly used alternately with plain quarries, or as diapers, for which Nos. 10, 13, plate Z, were especially adapted. Some of the bilateral devices, as No. 3, plate A, and all the armorial tiles of plate D, are diagonally placed. It is probable that their designers, more often than not, intended these tiles to be laid in fours, so arranged as to display the devices crosswise. So arranged, the fleur-de-lys tiles would have the effect, on a larger scale, of tile No. 5. plate B. In the next stage, a device decora- tively complete in itself is spread over several tiles, usually a square of four or sixteen. The decorative framework of these tablets usually takes the form of a more or less ornate circle, or quatrefoil, or combination of the two. The angular spaces or spandrels outside the framework are generally filled in with foliage springing out of it, and the field within is also occasionally so decorated, as in the beautiful sixteen-tile tablet, No. 1, plate C ; but as a rule it is independently treated, asin Nos. 2, 4, 8, plate 2, MEDIZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 127 and 10, # To judge from existing pavements, these squares were not usually repeated so as to form large diapers, but were used as panels on a ground of plain tiles, or to fill in the inter- stices of a trellis of the same. In the next group are tiles or sets of tiles bearing devices decoratively incomplete, through the introduction of some detail that is only completed when two or more of these tiles or sets of tiles are brought together. Asa simple illustration, take No. 2, plate # There we have a quarter circle in each angle of the tile: if of a series of this tile we make a diaper, the quarter circles of each will so unite with those of its neighbours as to form circles. Other more elaborate connecting links, as flowers, radiating foliage, and crosses, were also used, examples of which may be seen in Nos. 7, 16, plate Z, and 5, & So far, combination can only produce a pattern of independent units—in the earlier mentioned groups, a simple repetition of the same form ; in the last, the more pleasing alternation of a greater contrasted with a smaller. In the next groups, the main pattern is continuous or interlacing, and independent forms play only a subordinate ro/e. A common framework is the lattice. No. 7, plate Z, is a good example to the point. In this, it -will be noticed that in combination, the bars of the lattice will intersect at the sides across the joints ; sometimes they do so at the centres and angles instead. More frequently, the pattern consists of intersecting circles. The amount of their overlays varies, but it usually was such as to divide the periphery of each circle into four vesicas. The pattern can easily be made: all that is neces- sary is to cover a flat surface with circles rectangularly arranged and touching one another, and then from the centres of the quadrilateral interspaces, to describe another series of the same size. The result will be as above, a series of vesicas with inter- vening quadrilateral spaces. Although seemingly so different, Nos. 8, 10, 17, plate 4 ; 2, plate C ; and 2, 11, & will, all in com- bination, produce this pattern. Now reduplicate the pattern by striking similar circles from every point of intersection, the result will be that every vesica is crossed at a right angle by another, as in No. 12, plate 4. No. 14, plate F, is a good example of 128 MEDLEVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. ornamentation based on parallel wavy lines. If these lines are placed strictly parallel, the effect is weak ; if the curves of every line are opposed to those of its neighbours, the result is vigorous and handsome. Disposed in a single row as shown on the plate, these tiles make a good border. Tiles made expressly for borders are rather scarce, as most of those of the first group serve the purpose equally well. Nos. 13, 15, plate 4; 7, &; and 5, 18, 19, £, were obviously made for borders and bands. There is a beautiful wavy border pattern at Repton, which I hope to reproduce in a future instalment of these notes. It is well known that tiles bearing identical patterns, that is, patterns struck from the same stamps, are often scattered far and wide. For instance, tiles identical with those of Great Malvern are found throughout the adjacent counties, and as far south as Devonshire ; west as St. David’s ; and north, as our Newton Solney ; six tracings of tiles in the latter collection having been submitted for comparison with those of the above priory church, with the result that with one exception they were found to be “identical in every respect,” and it was claimed that they were products of the kiln discovered there many years ago. Similarly, it has long been known that another series is distributed through the counties of Leicester, Nottingham, and Derby; and when the Repton kiln was discovered, and with it many specimens of this series, Mr. Jewitt at once concluded that this series was wholly or largely there fabricated, and consequently that Repton was a tile-making centre of considerable importance. But it so happens that between the years 1816 and 1821 no less than four kilns were discovered in the vicinity of George Street, Nottingham, and associated with them was an immense quantity of these very tiles, chiefly wasters. The late Mr. Stretton, of Lenton, from whose MSS. Mr. Godfrey (who has rendered me valuable assistance) has largely quoted in his “History of the Parish and Priory of Lenton,” thus summed up in respect to these discoveries :—‘‘ This manufactory was in all probability carried on here till the dissolution of religious houses, and it appears that not only this county [Nottinghamshire], but the neighbouring ones, were supplied from it, as numerous devices MEDIAZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE, 129 from the same stamps are to be found in the churches and remains of religious houses of the neighbouring counties of Leicester, Derby, &c., as well as of this.” This gentleman had two plates (unpublished) engraved showing twenty of these tiles, and of these no less than fifteen occur also at Dale Abbey, where, as already observed, was yet another kiln. Latterly, through the kind help of the Bishop of Ely, the Rev. Canon Raine, and Mr. Fallow, I am able to extend the range of these Midland tiles to York, Hull, Aldgate in Rutland, and Coventry, at each of which they are in considerable force. It would be interesting to know if at any of these places kilns containing tiles from these stamps have been discovered; and still more so, whether, if such kilns have been found, anyone has set up similar claims for them! But to proceed. We have so far noticed two series—a Malvern series at Newton Solney, and another series, which was widely spread through the East Midlands, at Dale Abbey. These two series do not overlap in the slightest, that is, no Newton tiles occur at Dale, and no Dale, or rather East Midland ones, at Newton; and the same applies to Cubley, the only other place in Derbyshire where the Newton tiles are found. We proceed now to Dale. We find that the great majority of its tiles belong to the East Midland series. We find, also, that most of the tiles at Morley, and many at Ashbourne, Repton, and formerly at Wirksworth, belong also to the same series; but at the latter three places we find another series, which elsewhere, so far as I know, is quite absent from the East Midland area. These tiles, which have highly characteristic patterns, are in strong force at Repton, and they occur at Bakewell, apparently unmixed with those of any other series. This Repton-Bakewell series has a westerly extension beyond the bounds of the county, for speci- mens may be seen at Lichfield, where, again, no East Midland tiles are to be found. Thus, apart from any difference in style, this collation enables us to split the tiles of Repton, Ashbourne, and Wirksworth into two groups, indicating a difference of origin or of age, and each distinct from the Newton-Cubley series. by 9 130 MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. a similar process of analysis we can demonstrate the existence of other series at Morley, representatives of which are not found elsewhere mingled with those of the East Midland series. I allude ‘to Nos: /35'4,°5,'9, 15,%1b) 22, plate! Da, 294, (Gua, mes 13,16, 28, 19, "plate*2> @and) 1, 2,'4,°6, 7;(3, 211, plate eed have not identified these patterns with certainty elsewhere, but several of them are remarkably like tiles at Worcester and Oxford ; I think, however, that a careful examination of the actual specimens is sufficient to convince that they belong to more than one series. Similarly, there are a few erratic tiles at Dale—Nos. 21, plate D; 15, 17, plate 2; 14, 16, plate #&; and several others not shown — all enamelled, that I have not met with anywhere else ; apart from these, the Dale tiles all belong to the East Midland series. The tiles of Tideswell and Fenny Bentley, are each alone, so far as our county is concerned ; specimens, however, of the former have been found at Croxden Abbey and in Shropshire, and of the latter at Tutbury. How are we to explain the wide diffusion of some of these tiles, and their presence in different kilns? Were the stamps passed from tilery to tilery? or were casts of them distributed? or did companies of tile-wrights, carrying about with them their stamps and other tools, temporarily settle at the nearest con- venient points to where their services were required? The latter, I think, is the most feasible solution. The manufacture must have involved considerable skill and experience, and it is difficult to understand how a small religious house, like that of Dale or Repton, could have required a staff of such artisans. The demand for tiles would be too intermittent—only at such times as alterations or additions were made to the house, or when a chantry was founded at a neighbouring church. The £7/n, we can understand. It was there for use when tiles were required and the tile-wrights came to make them ; besides, the convent might now and again let it for a small sum. This theory explains why so few of the armorial bearings have any connection with the districts where they occur. This has long been felt to be a difficulty. Mr. Jewitt, it is true, boldly —" MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE, 131 attempted to localize those of Wirksworth and Repton, thereby implying that they were specially struck for these places. Our ex-editor, assuming that the Morley tiles were made at Dale Abbey, thus explains the difficulty :—“ There are others [families ] who do not seem to have been connected specially with Morley, but whose arms had been struck by the canons [of Dale] either for particular churches, or else because they were benefactors of the abbey. The moulds would subsequently become part of the ordinary stock-in-trade of the kiln-master [Did religious houses have £i/n-masters ?}, and would be used whenever fresh tiles were required.” But Mr. St. John Hope, writing about the same timé (1878) upon the tiles of the abbey itself, remarked an “absence of any connecting link between the benefactors of the abbey and the arms of many [he might have said, most| of the tiles,” and he suggested that “most of the moulds were originally made for the monasteries of Leicester and Thurgarton.” He might have added those of York, Hull, Burton, Aldgate, and Coventry; and then have asked how Dale came to be possessed of the stamps of so widely distant places. The theory of a travelling company, on the other hand, fully meets the difficulty, and is in accordance with medizeval usage. By way of example, there are tiles at Dale Abbey bearing the arms of the Cantilupes of Ilkeston (No. 16, plate D). These tiles have also been found at Morley, Ashbourne, Wirksworth, Thurgarton, and Rossington, Yorkshire—places with which, so far as I am aware, this family had no connection. Now suppose the canons of Dale had this tile struck off to com- memorate the gift of the rectory of Ilkeston by a member of this family in 1386, we can understand how the makers, carrying the Stamp with them, might use it again for purely decorative pur- poses in distant places. Similarly, the fact that the curious heraldic tile with the three bells, No. 14, plate D, is found so widely spread as Morley, Dale, Lenton, Leicester, and York, is no disproof of Dr. Cox’s suggestion, that it was originally made to commemorate John Statham’s gift of bells to Morley Church in 1454. But while a ducally crowned lion-rampant was often assumed by the Stathams of Morley after their alliance with the older 132 MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. family there, it must not be forgotten that other families in these counties, as the Seagraves, bore the same arms. Beyond the general character of the ornamentation—and I leave my readers to draw their own conclusions therefrom— there is little to serve as a clue to the age of our county tiles. This is not so remarkable, when it is considered that very few of these tiles have been found zz s¢#w—mere patches of pavement at Dale, so far as I know. But it zs remarkable that so wide a series as the East Midland should furnish no clue. If the sequence or relative ages of the several series could be ascer- tained, it would help to lift the veil ; but here again is uncertainty. During the excavations at Dale, the remains of two tile pave- ments, the one above the other, were found on the site of the Lady Chapel: if the excavators can identify the tiles of each, they will render a valuable service, as the lower tiles were, of course, the older. It has been said that incised tiles are older than those in which the design is depicted in a different colour from the ground. This is undoubtedly a mistake: they ful- filled the end of plain tiles, but were richer, yet not so much so as to detract from their value as a ground for the more ornate kind Size, again, is of little value: the Leicester tiles that bear Dale patterns are almost invariably much smaller than those of the latter place, being 4? inches square. Still, a comparison of size, colour, texture, bevel (where possible), etc., might give rise to some good results. By this means, I found that the Dale tiles fall into several well defined groups. Even the large tiles there, that belong to the East Midland series, can be divided into two groups, in spite of the fact that many of the patterns are common to both. The tiles of the one are larger (5$ to 5} inches), more bevelled, lighter in colour, both externally and internally, more sonorous when struck, and better finished, than those of the other, which rarely exceed 5 or 52 inches square. That the latter were made first, is, I think, clear; for instance, the pattern of No. 1, plate ZB, is common to both groups, but while it is perfect in the smaller and darker tiles, it has a part of the upper right-hand corner of MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 133 the shield missing in the others—indicating that in the interim, this portion of the stamp was broken off. The accompanying plates have been reduced by photography from filled-in transfers of tracings of actual tiles, corrected from blurs and distortions incidental to the process of drying and firing ; but care has been taken to interfere as little as possible with the pattern as it left the stamp. When more or less conjecturally restored, it will be duly noticed. The Derbyshire localities are given in larger type. PLaTE JA. Copied from tiles at Dale Abbey and Morley, where they all occur as inlaid tiles. 1. Bell with emblems of SS. Peter and Paul. Stamp intended for smaller tile Dale. Repton (Kiln). Wirksworth. Cossington.* Leicester + (All Saints’). Lenton. Nottingham (Talbot Inn and elsewhere).t T hurgarton.§ York (S. Mary’s Abbey. 2. Monkeys, piping and dancing. Dale. Morley. Wirks- worth. Aldgate.|] Burton-on-Trent. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Kegworth. Leicester (All Saints’; St. Mary’s). York (St. Mary’s Abbey). 3- Two birds, regardant. Stamp for smaller tile. Agh- bourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Leicester (St. Mary’s; All Saints’). Markfield. York Minster. 4. Geometrical design. Stamp for smaller tile. Dale. Mor- ley. Aldgate. 5. Inscription—‘‘GLAVDVILE.” Dale. York. 6. Geometrical, dotted. Stamp for smaller tile. Dale. Wirksworth. York. 7 SS SS SS SS SS eee ee eee * Leicestershire. f All the Leicester tiles I have personally examined. = Several from the same place, preserved in the Castle Museum, Nottingham. § Nottinghamshire : a series of these tiles engraved in the ‘‘ Journal of the British Archeological Association,” Vol. VIII. || Leicestershire. | Rutland. 134 MEDIZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE, 7. Inscription—* GERALD A.” Dale. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Kegworth. Nottingham. York. 8. Grotesque. A beautifully executed design, suggestive of a character in the medieval ‘‘ Feast of Fools.” Stamp for smaller tile: corners cut off? Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirks- worth. Aldgate. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Leicester (St. Mary’s). Nottingham. Thurgarton. York. g. Inscription—‘‘ EMMA E.”’ Stamp forsmaller tile. Ash- bourne. Dale. Aldgate. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Leices- ter (St. Mary’s; Trinity Hospital). York. 10. Grotesques ; one with monk’s head, and the other witha woman’s, watching a hare hunt. Corners of stamp removed so as to fit small tiles? Dale. Morley. Repton (Kiln). Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Evington.* Leicester Abbey. 11. The Alphabet. The maker of the stamp (intended for small tile) seems to have forgotten, in his zeal to have the letters come out the right way, to reverse the alphabet as a whole! Dale. Morley. Repton (Kiln). Tickenhall. Wirks- worth. Evington: Hull (Holy Trinity). Leicester (The Abbey; All Saints’; St. Mary’s). Nottingham (Talbot Inn, and elsewhere). Ratcliffe-on-the-Wreake.* York (St. Mary’s Abbey.) 12. Fret of two vesicas. Stamp for small tile. Dale. Mor- ley. Wirksworth. Thurgarton. York. 13. Crowned ‘‘M,” flanked with ‘‘A,” ‘A, ’’—Ave Maria? The colours of the plate should be reversed, the ground being light. Dale. Morley. It occurs at Repton Priory as a light- coloured tile, with the pattern in relief. 14. Geometrical design. Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Nottingham. York. 15. The letter “‘L.” Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Nottingham. York. i6. Pennant, with letter “ R” reversed, and possibly ‘‘ W ” at the foot. Dale. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). York. * Leicestershire. — —— => ’ w=. MEDIZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 135 17. Grotesque, similar to No. 8. Stamp for smaller tile. Dale. Morley. 18. Fleur-de-lis. Stamp for smaller tile. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Eving- ton. Harringworth.* Hoby.* Leicester (All Saints’ ; St. Mary’s). York ? PLATE B. Copied from tiles at Dale Abbey and Morley, where they all occur as inlaid tiles. 1. Inscription—‘‘ REDLINGTON,” and arms. Rev. G. Rowe conjecturally restored the York fragments as ‘‘ Bridlington ;” the arms closely resembling those of Gant, founder of that priory. Dale. Repton (Priory). Wirksworth. Thurgarton York. 2. Four-tile tablet. Birds within a quatrefoil. The birds shown as leaves in Jewitt’s plate, and as dolphins in Bailey’s. Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Leicester (The Abbey ; St. Mary’s). 3. Shield with five-petaled flower—heraldic? Dale. Morley. Leicester (All Saints’). 4. Four-tile tablet. King’s head within a quatrefoil. Stamp for smaller tile. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth Aldgate. Beeby.* ‘Thurgarton. York. 5. Compartment tile, with fleur-de-lis. Dale. Morley. Repton (Kiln; Priory). Burton-on-Trent. Nottingham. 6. Compartment tile, with grotesques, hare, bird, etc., and the arms Beauchamp and Warren. Stamp for smaller tiles. Dale. Repton. Wirksworth. Kegworth. Lenton. Leicester (All Saints’). Nottingham (Talbot Inn, and elsewhere). York. 7. Ram, with inscription—‘‘SOL IN ARIETE,” with “ M,” “A,” “RC,” “TA” (?), in angles. Stamp for smaller tiles. It is curious that while this seems to have been common, the only others known of this series of tiles charged with Signs of the Zodiac * Leicestershire. 136 MEDIAEVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE, are a Cancer and a Capricornus at Melton Mowbray, and a Pisces formerly at Harrington. Dale. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Hull. Kegworth. Melton Mowbray. Nottingham (Talbot Inn, and elsewhere). Ulverscroft.* York (St. Mary’s Abbey). 8. Four-tile tablet. Butterflies within a circle. Stamp for smaller tiles. Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Leicester (All Saints’). Nottingham. Thurgarton. York (St. Mary’s Abbey). g. Cross, within circlee Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Burton-on-Trent. York. PrATrn eG Copied from tiles at Dale Abbey and Morley, where Nos. 2, 6, and 7 are enamelled, the rest being inlaid. 1. Sixteen-tile tablet. The patterns of the inner tiles do not quite fit with the outer, indicating, perhaps, that some of the stamps had been renewed. Ashbourne (all, except one of the two side tiles) Dale (all). Wirksworth (one of the side tiles). Aldgate (corner only). York (ditto). 2. Vesica, with background of vine.t Dale. 3. Lion’s head and fleur-de-lis, interlacing (alluding to England and France). Dale. Morley (?). Wirksworth. Hoby. Leicester (All Saints’). York (Museum). 4. England, with label of France, for Earldom of Lancaster. Mr. Jewitt’s plate has a similar tile for Thurgarton and Wirksworth, but is reversed—intended for the same? Dale. 5. Barry of six. Stamp for smaller tile. Grey of Codnor? Dale. Morley.: Repton (Priory). Leicester (All Saints’). York. 6. Four-tile tablet Circles with background of oak. Dale. 7. Barry of six. Of similar workmanship to No. 21, plate D. Dale. * Leicestershire. + The natural treatment of the foliage of this tile, and of No. 6, indicates a comparatively late date. MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 137 PLATE D. Copied from tiles at Dale Abbey and Morley, where No. 21 ts enamelled, the rest being inlaid. 1. Three bars embattled. Barry of Tollerton, Notts.? Dale. Leicester (St Mary’s). 2. A fesse between six cross-crosslets : a common shield through- out England. Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Dale. Wirks- worth. Cossington (?). Leicester (All Saints’). Nottingham. York. 3. A cross—heraldic? Burgh? Morley. 4 Two bars. Stamp for larger tile? Morley. 5. A bend between six martlets; reversed. Furnival, Moun- teney, or Lutterell. Morley. 6. Heraldic? Ashbourne. Dale. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Leicester (St. Margaret’s). Thurgarton. 7. On a bend cotised, three eagles displayed; reversed. Stamp for larger tile? d/auley. Dale. Morley. Aldgate. Rossington. Thurgarton. York. 8. Seven mascles conjoined with engrailed bordure. Qudznct. Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Repton (Priory). Wirks- worth. Aldgate. Leicester (All Saints’; St. Margaret’s). Not- tingham. Thurgarton. g. Ten bezantes, a canton erm. ; reversed. Zouch. Morley. 1o Quarterly, 1 and 4, a lion rampant; 2 and 3, checquy; reversed Thomas fits Alan, Archbishop of Canterbury. Dale. Morley. Nottingham (Talbot Inn, and elsewhere). 11. England, with label of France. Ldmund, Earl of Lan- caster. Dale. Darley Abbey. Morley. Repton (Priory). Wirksworth. Kegworth. 12. Fesse dancetté, between ten billets. Stamp for smaller tile. Deincourt, or Basily of Ratcliffe-on-Trent. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Thurgarton. Rossington. York. 13. England, with label of France, similar to No. 11. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Lenton. Nottingham (Talbot Inn, and elsewhere). 138 MEDIAVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 14. Lion rampant ducally crowned. Morley, Seagreave, or Darrell. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Leicester (All Saints’; Trinity Hospital). Nottingham. Lenton. Ratcliffe-on- the-Wreake. York. 15. Lionrampant; reversed. Luvetot? Morley. 16. A fesse vair between three leopard’s faces, jessant-de-lis. Stamp for larger tile? Cantilupe of Iikeston. Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. Thurgarton. York. 17. Quarterly, England and France ; reversed. Dale. Mor- ley. Wirksworth. Aldgate. Kegworth. Lenton. hur- garton. York. 18. Afesse. Ashbourne. Dale. Morley. Wirksworth. York. 19. Quarterly, 1 and 4, barry of ten, 2 and 3, three water bougets. Morley. zo. Heraldic? Stamp intended for larger tile. Morley. Coventry (St. Mary’s Hall). Leicester (St. Mary’s; Trinity Hos- pital). 21. Across—heraldic? Burgh? Dale. Repton (Priory). 22. Barry of six, with label of five points: ornamentation of upper angle worn off? Morley. 23. A cross—heraldic? Burgh? Ashbourne. Dale. Mor- ley. Repton (Prior). Aldgate. York. PLATE £. Copied from tiles at Dale Abbey and Morley, where Nos. 15 and 17 are enamelled, the rest being inlaid. 1. Two birds, addorsed, regardant. Morley. Worcester Museum (from Witton), exact ? 2. Fleur-de-lis accompanied with crosses-crosslet fitchy. Mor- ley. 3. Vairy. Peverel? Morley. 4. Fleur-de-lis. Ashbourne. Morley. Leicester (St. Mary’s). Worcester Museum (from Witton), exact ? 5, 18, and 19. Examples of a series of letters, one (T.E.) MEDIZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. 139 interlacing. The majority have their corners filled in, as in 5 and ig. Other letters—A, B, C, E, I, L, N; S, T. All at Morley. 6. Four-tile tablet. Birds within quatrefoil. Stamp for larger tiles. Dale. Leicester (All Saints’—where are also tiles from a similar stamp ; St. Mary’s ; Trinity Hospital). Lenton. 7. Geometric: very similar to No. 14 plate. Dale. Morley. Leicester (All Saints’ ; St. Mary’s; Trinity Hospital). Lenton. 8. Stag couchant. Very beautifully outlined. Dale. Mor- ley. Thurgarton. g. Ditto, but not so good. Stamp for larger tile. Dale Leicester (All Saints’; St. Mary’s; Trinity Hospital). Lenton. to and 12. Geometrical. Morley. 11. Four-tile tablet. Queen’s head, within a quatrefoil. Dale. Lenton. York. 13. Quatrefoil containing four maple leaves. Morley. Lichfield, exact ? 14. Crossed keys with leaves. Morley. Leicester (All Saints’ ; St. Mary’s). Nottingham (Pilcher Gate). York. 15 and 17. Interlacing designs. Dale. 16. Four-tile tablet. The arrangement on plate probably not as the designer intended. Oak leaves arranged as cross within a quatrefoil. Morley. Puate F. Copied from tiles at Dale Abbey and Morley, where Nos. 14 and 16 ave enamelled, the rest being inlaid. 1. Monogram. Right-way-up? Morley. 2. Fouf-tile tablet, ‘ Vesica Piscis.”” Conjecturally restored from much worn specimens. Morley. Similar, perhaps identi- cal, tiles at Worcester and Exeter. 3. Double-headed eagle displayed. Dale. Leicester (All Saints’ ; St. Mary’s ). 4 and 6. Flower displayed. Morley. 5. Four-tile tablet. Foliage within quatrefoil. Two stamps, both for larger tiles. (2) Upper left-hand pattern, Morley. I40 MEDIZVAL PAVEMENT AND WALL TILES OF DERBYSHIRE. Hoby. Leicester All Saints’). (4) The other, Ashbourne, Dale, Morley, 7. Lion statant. Morley (much worn). 8. Roses. Conjecturally restored. Morley. g. Geometrical design. Dale. Morley. 10. Four-tile tablet. Lion’s heads and fleur-de-lis, alternate and interlacing. Obviously an allusion to England and France. Finely executed. Dale. Derby (The Friary). Morley. Nottingham (Pilcher Gate). 11. Interlacing designs, Morley. 12. Grotesque head within fret formed by two vesicas. Dale. Leicester (All Saints’). Nottingham. 13. Oak leaf and acorn, alternate and interlacing. Although inlaid, the stamp was evidently intended for an incised tile. Morley. Leicester (All Saints’; St. Mary’s). Nottingham (Pilcher Gate). 14. A bold and effective design from the bitter-sweet. Dale. 15. Four-tile tablet. Birds within a quatrefoil. Dale. 16. Four-tile tablet. Quartrefoil within circles. Dale (very much worn). as - a. eee” 141 THe Chantvies founded tw the Parish Church of Ashburne, Co. Derby. By THE Rey. FRANCIS JOURDAIN, M.A., VICAR OF ASHBURNE. RECORDS are extant which prove that at least three Chantries existed in this Church, viz. : Che Chantry of the Blessed Hirgin Harp. ” 9 BDoly Cross, ” ” S. Oswald. The duty of Chantry Priests was, in the first place, to offer the Holy Sacrifice and to pray for the good estate of certain persons living or deceased, but they also followed the profession of schoolmasters in certain cases, and the names ‘‘ Scholebroke ” and *‘ Schole-Bridge’’ applied in ancient documents to the Henmore Brook and the bridge across it leading to the school, show that a school existed in connection with the Chantry of S. Mary long before the present ‘‘ Free’’ Grammar School was founded—“‘ free” simply meaning that the education was no longer under direct ecclesiastical control. A deed of Sir Thomas Cokayne, dated 1564, alludes both to the ‘‘ Schole-broke’’ and the Chantry of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and in the accounts of the building of the present school there is this entry, ‘“‘ Charges about the old school, 29s.” Some confusion has been caused by the mingling of the two accounts of the two Chantries of S. Mary and the Holy Cross, the Knyveton family having been connected with both endow- ments, but it is evident that these were in fact separate founda- tions. I42 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. S. {Marp’s Chantry, Henry Kniveton, Rector of Norbury, founded a Chantry at the altar of the Virgin Mary, 1391. By an inquisition taken at Derby on Thursday next after the feast of the Apostles Philip and James in the 15th Richard II., it was found not to the damage of the King or any other, if he should permit Henry de Knyveton, Parson of the Church of Norbury, to give one messuage, one shop, two acres and a half of land and two acres of meadow with the appurtenances in Ash- burne, Offcote, and Norbury to a certain Chaplain to perform divine service at the altar of the Blessed Mary in the Parish Church of Ashburne for the good estate of Henry de Knyveton whilst living, and for his soul when he should be dead, as also for the souls of his Father and Mother, of Nicholas de Knyveton his brother, John de Knyveton his cousin, and others who were Henry’s Parents’ Friends and Benefactors, that one messuage and two acres of meadow in Assheburne and Offcote were held of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln by the service of twelve pence per ann. that the Dean and Chapter held of the King, and the annual value was two shillings above reprises, that the shop in Asheburne was held of the Duke of Lancaster by four pence, and the Duke held of the king, and the annual value above reprises was two pence, and that the two acres and a half of land in Norbury was held of Philip de Okore, Knt., by six pence per annum, who held of the Duke of Lancaster, who held of the king, and the annual value above reprises was twelve pence. [Esch. 15th RIG Me, spa 2sneso || Queen Elizabeth, roth Dec., 14th of her reign, granted to William James and John Graye, gents., for Tho. Lord Wentworth in fee four tents. in Ashburne in the tenure of William Clarke, Richard Walkeden, Widow Deane, and Rich. Hall, parcel of the possessions of Knighton’s (Knyveton’s) Chantry there to hold in fee. [Pat. 14 Elizabeth, p. 7.] Petition of Thomas Carter, of the Middle Temple, to Sir F. Walsyngham, stating the intention of himself and others of the CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 143 town of Ashburne, Co. Derby, to found a free grammar school there, and desiring to purchase certain houses near the said town, belonging to the Queen, as an endowment for the school. This grammar school was eventually founded on the site of the house belonging to this Chantry, as the deed of conveyance testifies. The following Memoranda are copied from a paper formerly in the possession of Thomas Astle, Esq., of Battersea Rise, keeper of the Records in the Tower of London, 1791. Ashburne The Estate and valewe of the landes and tenements desired School. of her Mate towarde the maintenance of her Maties Free Schole to be erected in her Heighness towne of Ashborne in the peake in the County of Derbye. Imprimis the Herdman’s Close and the xxx acres of Lande in Whitefeilde and Young are yet in Leas for xxiij yeares and} xxxiiij. ij. ob. are rented p. ann. Item the Tent in Hanbury and Fowlde are yet in Leas for ix } Byes : XXVj. Viij. yeres and is rented p. ann. Item the P’sonage House in Bradborne and the Landes thereunto belonginge are in Leas for xxv yeares and is} iij! xiijs, iiij4, rented pr ann. The Tentes in Asheburne are Candle Rentes and have nothinge but Lytle backe-sydes unto them belonginge and/ _ ; : : a iiij! xixs, viij4. are in ruin and yet in Leas for xij yeares or thereaboute| _ rented pp. annu. Sume Totall. xii xiijs x4 ob. Nore.—That after the leases ended there is not any more Rente to be made of the Tentes in A. than the rente they go for at this psente. The reste of the Landes after the Leases ended maye be sume whate better than the rent they are now lett for, but for the space of the xxiij yeares and upwardes there is not one peny more to be raysed then the very bare rent. So that if her Matie do gyve the lands but in Fee Ferme—the Schole shall not have any mainten- ance therby these xxiij yeares and then but very little. It is therefore required of her Heighnes either to grante to the value of Tenne powndes of the same Landes in fee simple or otherwyse the Candle Rents in Fee simple and the reste in Fee Ferme or all in Fee Ferme at suche a Rent as her Mat shall thinke mete and that the Schole may holde the same in Socage as of her Manor of Asheburne. The causes yt maye move her Mate to graunte Lycense to erecte the sayd Schol and to gyve the landes demanded for mayntenaunce of y* same. 144 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. Imprimis the sayd Towne of Ashburne is scittuat in the Peake in the County of Derbye a very rude cuntry in maner utterly voyde of preachers to teache ether younge or olde theire duties ether towardes God or her Mate and therefore greate nede of Scholes for the good bringing up of youthe. Item the sayd Towne is the Chefeste Market Towne w''n the sayd County greatly replenished, but yet wt poore people who are not able to paye their children scholing and so through wante bringe them up rather in begginge then in vertuous learninge. Item there is fourtie and odde townes and villages win Fyve myles com- pass about the sayd Towne of Ashburne and in all that compass and much more not one Schole so the sayde Schole being erected it will bea nurse of Learneinge to all those Townes and the reste of the Cuntrye thereabouts. Item for wante of Scholes the youthe of that Cuntrye followe the olde traditions of Men and rather cleave to Papistrye than to the truthe of the Gospelle. Item for wante of Scholes they know not God nor her Maties Lawes but are geven over to wickedness and vyces as sweringe, drunckenes, whordome, idle- nes and suche lyke to the greate displeasure of God, contempte of her Heighness, and to the great damage and hurte of the comen wealthe. Item. generally for thes and other great causes it might be alledged it is the place that hath greateste nede of a Schole in all Englande and yet no man hetherunto hath gone aboute to provyd for the same. Item the sayd Towne and Mannor of Asheburne where the Schole is to be erected is her Mat© towne and pcell of her Duchie of Lancaster. Item the sayd Schole is determined to be dedicated to her Mat® and in ppetuall memory of her Heighnes goodnes and Love towardes the same Cuntrye it shall be called after the erection thereof ‘‘Schola Gramaticalis Die Elizabethe Regine Ville sue Ashburnie.” These causes together with the zeale they beare to the gospell theire allegaunce to her Mat© and theire Love to theire Cuntrye hath moved dyvers her Maties subjectes who are never to reap benefitt by the same daylye to travell for the erection of the sayd Schole to their great costes and charges expendinge their tyme and goodes in psentinge of this w°> otherwyse they might use to theire owne proffite. Item the causes afforesayd have moved dyvers her Mates Lovinge subjects to graunte or gyve Landes towardes the mayntenaunce of the same. So that yf her Mate maye be moved for the causes afforesayd to gyve the Landes demaunded then will the same Schole be made a very famous Schole and be well mayneteyned for ever to the manifolde comoditye of many otherwyse it is in great hassard never to be further pceded in—God graunt the conterarye. Item the buyldinge thereof hath coste her sayd Subjectes and wyll coste them before it be finished ccccli so famous they intende to make it because it CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 145 is dedicated to her Heighnes—therefore they crave her Heighnes humblye to consider the pmisses and graunte theire petition. Chauntryp of the Boly Cross in Ashburne Church. FOUNDED BY THE FEOFEES OF NICHOLAS KNIVETON, A.D. 1392. THE Original Charter for the founding and endowing of the Chantry at the Altar of the Holy Cross in the Church of S. Oswald, at Ashburne, in the County of Derby, under the Seals of Sir John Cokayn, Knt., and others, is dated at Ashburne Ao dni. 1392, 16th Richard II. By an inquisition taken on Tuesday next after the Feast of S. Oswald the King and Martyr in the 16th Richard II., it was found not to the damage of the King or any other if he should permit John Cokeyn, Knight, John de Knyveton, Roger de Bradburne, and Richard Cokeyn to give one hundred shillings rent out of the Manor of Mircaston to a certain Chaplain to perform Divine Service for the good Estate of Johanna the Widow of Nicholas de Knyveton, Henry de Knyveton, Robert de Knyveton, and William de Hide, Chaplains, whilst living, and for their souls afterwards, and for the souls of Nicholas de Knyveton, William de Knyveton and Margery his Wife, and Thomas de Knyveton and their Parents, Friends, and Benefactors, and all the faithful departed at the Altar of the Holy Cross in the Church of S. Oswald in Assheburne, daily for ever (Esch. 16 Ric. II., p. 1, n. 136). The persons by whom this Chantry was founded were feofees of Nicholas Knyveton, Esq., deceased, and in the return of Chantries in the rst Edward VI., under a commission issued 12 Feb. 37 Henry VIII., this Chantry is said to have been founded by Nicholas Knyveton, Esq., by Deed dated on the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, 16th Richard II., for Mass at the Altar of the Holy Cross, and to distribute five shillings yearly at an obit amongst the Priests of the Church and the poor People there [Rot. in Cur. Augment.], and was worth £4 yearly. 10 146 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. The mansion now occupied by Colonel Wilkie and formerly the residence of Johnson’s friend, Dr. Taylor, probably occupies the site of the residence wherein dwelt the Chaplain of this Chantry. At the end of the garden is a well noted for its water and called by the older inhabitants “the Rood Well.” In the last century honours were paid to this well after the fashion of the Tissington Well-dressings, and Divine Service was celebrated in the Church on Ascension Day in connection with these observances. The Chauntry Roll describes it as the Chantrye of Nicholas Knyveton, founded by Nicholas Knyveton, Esq., to synge Masse at the Alter of the Holy Cross, and to distribute at an obite vs. amongst the prysts of the Church and the Pore. The foundacon dated in Festo Nat. B. Marie 16th Regis Ricard II. Clere value iiij/ ixd, besides v. s. viiid rente resolute. Thos. Russell Chantre pryst. At Ashebone is viijc howselyng people. Stock cjs, viiid. CONFIRMATION OF THE FOUNDATION OF THIS CHANTRY BY THE BISHOP AND THE DEAN AND CHAPTER OF LINCOLN, A.D. 1404. UNIVERSIS sancte matris ecclesie filiis presentes literas visuris vel inspecturis, Johannes Cokayn, chivaler, Johannes de Knyuetone, de Bradley, Rogerus de Bradburne et Ricardus Cokayn, salutem in omnium saluatore. Cum Nicholaus de Knyuetone de Underwod armiger defunctus in testamento et ultimo voluntate sua in mente resolvens quod inter cetera pietatis officia illud unum de precipuis esse non ambigitur ut alma mater ecclesia novo semper fetu ministrorum jugitur sibi famularicium et in vinea dominica labor- ancium fecundaretur, quo Deo auctore et duce multiplici merit- orum semine fructum in suis membris centesimum salvet (?) germinare. Cupiensque prout sibi ab alto concessum fuerat et omnium bonorum auctore mediante divinum cultum in ecclesia Parochiali Sancti Oswaldi de Asscheburne, Coventriensis et Lichfeldensis diocesis augere uberiusque florere, ordinavit et disposuit fundare facere in ecclesia predicta unam Cantarium unius Capellani divina ad altare Sancte Crucis in ecclesia predicta pro vivis ac defunctis singulis diebus celebraturum imperpetuum. Et ad predicta perimplenda et fine debito terminanda secundum CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 147 disposicionem et ordinacionem nostram, dictus Nicholaus fecit feoffare nos predictos Johannem Cokayn, Johannem de Knyuetone Rogerum et Ricardum et alios quorum statum habemus in centum solidatis redditus cum pertinenciis de Manerio de Mircastone exeuntibus. Nos igitur prefati Johannes Cokayn, Johannes de Knyueton, Rogerus et Ricardus, volentes predicta quantum in nobis est in forma predicta perimplere de illustrissimi principis et domini nostri domini Ricardi dei gracia regis Anglie et Francie licencia, qui de sua gracia speciali per literas suas patentes, quorum data est apud Notyngham octavo die Augusti anno regni sui sexto decimo, concessit nobis prefatis Johanni Cokayn, Johanni de Knyuetone Rogero et Ricardo, quod centum solidatas redditus exeuntes de Manerio de Mercastone, cum pertinenciis dare possimus et assignare cuidam capellano divina pro salubri statu Wil- lelmi de Hyde capellani ac Johanne que fuit uxor Nicholai de Knyuetone, Henrici de Knyuetone et Roberti de Knyuetone, dum vixerint et animabus suis cum ab hac luce migrauerint, ac animabus Nicholai de Knyuetone, Willelmi de Knyuetone et Mar- gerie uxoris ejus, et Thome de Knyueton, necnon pro animabus parentum amicorum et benefactorum suorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum ad altare Sancte Crucis in ecclesia Sancti Oswaldi de Asscheburne, singulis diebus celebraturum. Et eidem Capellano quod ipse redditum predictum a nobis prefatis Johanne Cokayn, Johanne de Knyuetone, Rogero et Ricardo recipere possit et percipere sibi et successoribus suis divina pro statu et animabus predictis ad altare predictum in ecclesia predicta singulis diebus _celebraturum imperpetuum in forma predicta statuto quod non liceat viris religiosis seu aliis ingredi feodum alicujus, ita quod ad manum mortuam deveniat sine licencia regia et capitali domini de quo res illa immediate tenetur non obstante, ac eciam de illustris principis domini Johannis ducis Aquitanie et Lancastrie de quo manerium predictum immediate tenetur ac reverendi viri Magistri Johannis de Schepeye* Decani Ecclesie Cathedralis beate Marie Lincolnie cui dicta ecclesia de Asscheburne unita * John de Schepeye, LL.D., Dean of Lincoln from 1388 to 1412. 148 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. extitit annexa et appropriata, licencia speciali nobis concessa, dedimus concessimus et per presentes confirmavimus predicto Willelmo de Hyde predictum redditum centum solidatarum cum pertinenciis de predicto manerio percipiendatum annuatim ad duos anni terminos, videlicet ad festa Sancti Michaelis Archangeli et Pasche, equis porcionibus. Habendum et tenendum predictum redditum centum solidatarum cum pertinenciis predicto Willelmo de Hyde et successoribus suis Capellanis secularibus divina ad altare predictum in ecclesia predicta pro salubri statu. predictorum et magistri Johannes de Schepeye, et pro anima Nicholai de Knyueton, predicti Capellani fundatoris et animabus predictis singulis diebus celebraturum imperpetuum, modo et forma sub- sequentibus. Et si contingat predictum redditum centum solida- tarum a retro existere in parte vel in toto ad aliquam terminum terminorum predictorum, quod extunc bene liceat prefato Willelmo de Hyde et successoribus suis Capellanis secularibus vel eorum attornato in manerio predicto intrare, distringere, districcionem asportare et retinuere quousque de predicto redditu et arraragiis ejusdem eidem Willelmo de Hyde et successoribus suis Capellanis secularibus plenarie fuerit satisfactum. In primis volimus et ordinamus quod provisio et ordinacio hujusmodi Capellani vocetur Cantaria Nicholai de Knyuetone fundatoris. Et quod Capellanus ad dictam Cantariam cum vacare contigerit assumendus per heredes predicti Nicholai de Knyuetone fundatoris sive per attornatos ejus assumetur et in eadem pacifice imponetur sine aliqua presentacione ad episcopum institucione val induxione ordinaria loci supradicti ad dictam Cantariam sic vacantem quoquomodo facta vel facienda. Et si contingat predictam Cantariam vacare, heredes predicti Nicholai fundatoris infra quad- raginta dies a tempore vacacionis ejusdem, unum Capellanum ido- neum ordinare distulerint, extunc ordinacio et provisio hujus modi Capellani ad decanum ecclesie Cathedralis beate Marie Lincolnie, qui pro tempore fuerit ea vice devoluatum modo et forma supradicta. Et si idem decanus a tempore vacacionis ejusdem Cantarie sibi ea vice devoluta per quadraginta dies unum Capellanum idoneum ad dictam cantariam ordinare distulerit — rr a a CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, I49 per se sive per attornatum suum ad_ hoc legitime depu- tatum, ex tunc ordinacio et provisio hujusmodi Capellani ad vicarium de Asscheburne qui pro tempore fuerit ad dictam cantariam sic vacantem ea vice devoluatur nullum prejudicium per hoc heredibus supradictis generando quin postea ad ipsam cantariam cum ipsam legitime vacare contigerit libere presentare valeant ad eanden juxta modum et ordinacionem superius expres- satum. Item volimus et ordinamus quod capellanus qui ad dictam cantariam assumetur statim post admissionem et pacificam possessionem adeptam saltim infra quindenam in presencia predicti heredis si possit esse presens vel attornati sui necnon in presencia vicarii ecclesie predicte et duorum proborum hominum ejusdem Parochie fidele faciat Inventorium indentatum de bonis omnibus dicte cantarie qualitercunque spectantibus et in quo statu dictam cantariam invenit, sic quod ipsa tam valore librorum, calicium, jocalium vestimentorum, ornamentorum, utencilium et omnium aliorum bonorum tan mobilium quam immobilium ad eandem quoquomodo spectancium in adeo bono statu seu meliore emittat sicut eam primitus adinvenit super quo teneatur idem Capellanus seu executores testamenti ejus successo- ribus et heredibus predictis integralitar respondere et de contentis in Inventario predicto et eorum augmento postea contingente eisdem satisfacere cum effectu hujus Inventarii . . . . una . . eis prefatum capellanum illud conf. . . tem altera pars penes heredes predicti Nicholai fundatoris et tercia pars penes vicarium qui pro tempore fuerit ecclesie supradicte continue remanebit. Volimus eciam et ordinamus quod. . . Capellanus et successores sui nullam mulierem secum in dicta cantaria ullo modo habitare permittant cujus omnino societatem continuam eis interdicimus et inhibemus. Item volimus et ordinamus quod si idem capellanus et successores sui aliquod beneficium ecclesiasticum cum Cura vel sine cura vel alia officia annualia seu perpetua vel aliquod stipendium annuale recipiant et ea vel illud per medietatem unius anni pacifi. . optinuerint, ex tunc cantaria predicta in facto sit vacua et predictus Capellanus de eadem ammoveatur et alius idoneus Capellanus secularis in locum I50 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. ejus subrogetur modo et forma supradictis. Item volimus et ordinamus. . . predictus Capellanus et successores sui in missa sua de quocunque dicatur post primam colectam illius misse in fine oracionis semper dicant istam oracionem, *“‘ Deus cui proprium est misereri semper et parcere,”’ propiciare anime famuli tui, que terminetur sub determinacione oracionis precedentis et quod semper in die Iovis dicatur missa de Requiem cum pleno servicio mortuorum in die Mercurii precedente. Ita quad prima oracio illius missa sit oracio predicta nisi festum duplex ipso die Iovis contigerit. Item volimus et ordinamus quod capellanus qui ad dictam cantariam assumetur intersit in choro ipsius ecclesie in- dutus superpellicio singulis festis dupplicibus dominicis diebus ac omnibus aliis festis solempniter celebratis missis, vesperis, matutinis ceterisque officiis divinis cum nota psallendis ita quod non se absentat a dicta Cantaria nisi causa racionabilis subsistit vel de licencia vicarii ecclesie ejusdem qui pro tempore fuerit vel ejus locum tenentis in ipsius absencia petita et optenta. Et si idem Capellanus absentet se a predicta cantaria per quindecim dies sine licencia heredis predicti Nicholai fundatoris petita et optenta sextunc ammoveatur de eadem Cantaria et alius idoneus Capellanu in locum ejus subrogetur licencia vicarii ecclesie predicta vel ejus locum tenentis petita et optenta non obstante. Item volimus et ordinamus quod capellanus qui ad dictam cantariam assumetur idoneus sit et conversacionis honeste qui si viciosus repertus fuerit vel de aliquo crimine notorio convictus post trinam monicionem ipsi per heredes predicti Nicholai fundatoris factam et eorum testibus fide dignis manifestatam ab ipsa cantaria ammoveatur et alius idoneus Capellanus in ejus loco subrogetur. Item volimus et ordinamus quod predictus Capellanus et successores sui diem anniversariorum predicti Nicholai fundatoris et predictorum defunctorum ac aliorum predictorum cum ab hac luce migraverint semper in die dominica in passione domini cum pleno servicio mortuorum cum omnibus capellanis in dicta ecclesia divina * This has been placed amongst the Prayers on several occasions in our Liturgy. CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. I51 celebrantibus solempniter faciant celebrari unum cereum unius libre cere super tumulum predicti Nicholai fundatoris ardenter apponendo illum cereum post solempnitatem factam prefato capellano et successoribus suis reservatum ad candelas inde faciendas, et in celebracionibus missarum ejusdem capellani ordendas de licencia et consensu Willelmi de Newenhamt vicarii ecclesie pretate concessas, pro quo solempnitate facienda capellanorum remuneracione cereorum invencione campan- arumque pulsacione ac preconis proclamacione Thomas Daukyn capellanus ad cantariam MHenrici de Knyvetone assumptus et successores sui solvent annuatin de proficuis duarum acrarum prati sibi et successoribus suis per predictum Henricum datis et pro eadem solempnitate facienda assig- natis. Item volimus et ordinamus quod quilibet Capellanus ad dictam cantariam assumendus antequam_ corporalem possessionem adeptus fuit juramentum corporale prestabit tactis sacrosanctis evangeliis presencia heredum ppredicti Nicholai fundatoris seu attornati ejus necnon vicarii ecclesie supradicte et aliorum proborum ac fide dignorum hominum dicta Parochia, quod omnes et singulas ordinaciones bene et fideliter observabit et pro posse suo perimplebit et quod residenciam corporalem in predicta Cantaria in forma predicta. Item volimus et ordi- namus quod in una sista cum quatuor seruris serata sit ista ordinacio predicta ac omnia alia munimenta dicte Cantarie quoquomodo spectancia ac eciam de consensu executorum pre- dicti Nicholai fundatoris, testamentum et ultima voluntas predicti Nicholai fundatoris et omnia alia munimenta dictis executoribus pertinencia sint imposita, cujus predicte siste prima clavis penes predictum Capellanum et successores suos secunda clavis penes heredes predicti Nicholai fundatoris, tercia clavis penes executores predictos seu unum illorum et post decessum executorum predic- torem penes heredes Nicholai de Mountgomery principalis executoris, et quarta clavis penes vicarium ecclesie supradicte remanebunt imperpetuum. Ita quod si oportuerit predictum _ nb ee Ee + William Newenham was Vicar of Ashburne, 1384—66. ~ 152 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE, Capellanum seu successores suos seu executores _ pre- dictos vel eciam executores executorum predictorum alique munimenta inspicere, et ea de necessitate videre quod tunc custodes predictorum clavium vel eorum attornati sint parati ad aperiendum dictam sistam cum fuerint racionabiliter requisiti per eum vel per eos cui vel quibus ea vice necessitas incumbit. Item volimus et ordinamus quod omnes et singule ordinaciones et articuli in die dominica in Passione Domini singulis annis ad magnam missam publica per predictum capellanum et successores suos seu vicarium ecclesie predicte recitentur. Et nos prefati Johannes Cokayn, Johannes de Knyvetone, Rogerus et Ricardus consensu Nicholai de Mountgomery, chivaler, Roberti de Knyvetone vicarii ecclesie de Dubbrugge, Johannis fitz herbert et Ricardi Spiser executorum testamenti predicti Nicholai funda- toris et Johanne que fuit uxor predicti Nicholai fundatoris ac Henrici de Knyvetone rectoris ecclesie de Northbury, super- visoris dicti testamenti et omnium aliorum quorum interest, predictum Willelmum de Hyde exoneramus per presentes durante tota vita sua de residencia corporali et omnibus aliis causis removendis supradictis, et quod ipse libere posset divina celebrare pro anima predicti Nicholai fundatoris statu et animabus supra- dictorum quando cunque et ubicunque sibi placuerit et predictum redditum libere recipere sibi poterit sine contradiccione aliquali nostrum vel alicujus nostrum seu aliorum vel al... nomine nostro licet...iam irregularitatem seu infirmitatem inciderit ordina- cionibus et articulis supradictis non obstantibus ea de causa quia idem Willelmus de Hyde dictam cantariam sumptibus suis propriis tam erga dominum regem quam alios quorum interest ad manum mortuam deyenire fecit excepto quod si idem Willelmus aliquod beneficium ecclesiasticum cum cura vel sine cura vel aliquos stipendium annuale recipiat et illud per unum annum integrum pacifice optineat et extunc infra quatraginta dies et fine anni completi computatus predictus Willelmus unum Capellanum idoneum ad dictam Cantariam ordinare distulerit, quod tunc ordinacio et provisio hujus modi Capellani ad heredes predicti Nicholai fundatoris omnino in forma predicta devolvatur, proviso ‘ CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 153 semper quod pretexta exoneracionis predicti Willelmi de Hyde ut supradicitur non obstante, successores predicti Willelmi de Hyde teneant omnes et singulas ordinaciones premissas modo et forma supradictis imperpetuum. In quorum omnium et singu- lorum testimonium presentibus sigilla nostra sunt appensa. Hiis testibus dominis Nicholao de Mountgomery, Waltero Blount, Philippo de Okore, Nicholao de Longeford, militibus, Thoma de Knyvetone, Thoma de Lymstre, Ricardo Spiser, et aliis. Datum apud Asscheburne, die dominica in festo Nativitatis beate Marie virginis anno domini millesimo tricentesimo nonogesimo secundo. Et regni regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum sexto decimo. (1) Et nos Johannes decanus ante dictus et capitulum ecclesie cathedralis Lincoln’, prefatam ordinacionem cantarie in dicta ecclesia de Assheburne fundate, quantum ad nos attinet appro- bamus, ratificamus et confirmamus. (2) Dupplicatur per presentes sigillorum nostrorum appensione munitas. Datum Lincoln’ quo ad consignacionem decimo octavo die mensis Marcii, anno domini millesimo ccc™ nonogesimo secundo. (3) Et nos Johannes* permissione divina Coventrensis et Lich- feldensis Episcopus hujusmodi Cantarie ordinacionem fundate in ecclesia de Assheburn antedicta, quatenus ad nos pertinet in hac parte approbamus ratificamus et tenore presencium confirmamus. Datum quo ad Consignacionem presancium sub sigillo nostro in Castro nostro de Eccleshale decimo die mensis Julii anno domini millesimo cccc™ quarto, et nostre Translacionis Sexto. Seven seal ties but only five seals remain, and these more or less imperfect. The third seal bears a shield of arms of Roger de Brad- burne. (1) In a different handwriting. (2) This is in the same handwriting as the deed. (3) In q different handwriting. * John Burghill, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1498 to 1415. I54 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. The fifth seal is an imperfect seal of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. oLe. On dors Exhibita in Visitacione Regia, Anno dni 1547.* Thomas Daukyn was the first Chaplain, being instituted in 1393, on the presentation of the Rector of Norbury. Deed between Thomas Russell, rood Priest of Ashburne, of the one part and John Knyveton, of Myrcaston, gentleman, patron of the same service and Chantry, and Sir Henry Hudson, t+ the Vicar of Ashburne, of the other part. Whereby the said Thomas Russell{ acknowledges to have received the several Mass Books, chalices and other articles belonging to the said Chantry which he promises to take care of &c., dated 15th January, 7 Henry VIII. Thys byll tripartyte Indentyd y*® xv° day off Januar the yere and Rayng of Kyng Henre the viij‘ y° vij' yere be twyx St Thomas Russell y° Roode prest of Ascheburne one y* one partys and John Knyvetone of Murcaston, gentyllman patroun of y* same servyce and chantre and S’ Henre Hudson y° vycar off Ascheburne on the oder parti do wyttnes thys, y' the sayd Vycar of the sayde towne hathe delyu’rd to y° a fore namyd S* thomas atte y° day a fore rehersyd y‘ ys to wyth, ij mass bokes y* ton written y° todir in print, ij chalessys w' ij casys a gretter and a lesse, y° gretter hole gylt and y* case coveryd w* leddur y* todur chalys parcell gylt and q case made of wyckarwandes, a cope of purpyll velluett flowryd w‘ golld warke, vj vestementes w*‘ albys won cloth of golld, a nodur of deckfyne, y° thryd Redd satten flowryd w' golld warke, y* iiij‘ purpyll satten Rowyd w' whyte sylke and golld, y* v‘° whyt’ and grene, y® vi whyt’ sorlenton a grand vestement w‘ owtt a albe, v, auter clothys, illj terporapys w*‘ ij casys ij paxys, ij . . ettes,a * British Museum Woolley Charters, x. 31. + Henry Hudson was appointed Vicar of Ashburne in 1500. f t Thomas Russell, according to Dr. Cox, was the last priest of this Chantry, and obtained a pension of £4 in the time of Philip and Mary. CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. I55 kover for lenton to hange a fore the albe, a kover for the hersse, in the osbett a boke namyd stimulus ccnsciencie, a pyx a boke of fesyke, a boke of y® pater noster, a boke of sermond mater, a brasse pott, a cawdron a masur, ij whyschyres, ij dublers, ij dyschies, ij sasers, ij cont a broch, a payre of cawbertes, ij chestes in y° Roodequere, y* ton nott opened, a brasyr a morter and a pestell a meyt bord and a payre of trestullesa forme . . es of a presse a payre of ball- (? bed) stickes a troghe ij boxes w‘ evedenc’ y° composyscyon and letter patent w‘ oder perttynyng and belongyng to the sayd servyce and chantre to ye use and profett of y® sayd S‘ Thomas Russell so y‘ y° sayd S‘ Thomas se the kepyng or cause to be keppyd y* fore said a awnementes in y° chyrche and Reuestre of Ascheburn in the sayd chestes and in the Chest in y® reuestre chambir, perttynyng to the same as he doth ys owne goodes allso the sayd S* Thomas schall nott aleyne nor putt a way be ys wyll non of the sayd awnementes to the sayd servyce and chantre pertaynyng and belongyng bott effectually and w‘ gode wyll glade to dyscharge hys consciens att hys departure acordynge to the compposticion also a tynacull of tartures Rowyd w' golld wyttenes here foloyng. Brit. Mus. Woolley Charters, VI. 38. Queen Elizabeth, on 30th Jan., 18th of her reign, gave to John Mershe of London, Esq., & Will. Mershe of the same, gent., all those messuages, lands, tent’, meadows, feeding pastures, rents, services, liberties, & heredit* whatsoever given and granted for a Chantry Chaplain, the lighting of Lamps at obit and such like services in the Church of Ashburne, and in the Chapel of the B.V.M. in the Manor of Hoghe to hold in fee in socage. Pat. 18. Elizabeth p. 2. St. Oswald's Chantry. Joun BRapBURNE of Hough in this Parish, Esq’., and Ann his wife, founders also of a Chantry at Hough, founded a Chantry in this Church about the 3rd year of Richard the III‘*, to the honour of 156 CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. God and S. Oswald for a Priest to perform divine service there, and to pray for the souls of the Founders, and all Christian souls ; the annual income of which appears by the return in 1* Edward VI. to have been roo shillings. [Rot in Cur. Augment. | Henry Vernon squier and Nicholas Mountgomery and other have license to found a Chauntery in the Parishe Churche of Ashe- burne, the same to be called the Chauntery of John Bradburne, for ever. [Harleian. MSS. 433 fo. ror”.] In Vol. IX., p. 188, of this Journal, are copies of two deeds contributed by Mr. W. D. Fane of Melbourne Hall, which prove that the Chaplains and the patrons had already, as early as 27th Henry VIII., begun to alienate the property belonging to this Chantry. The item in the inventory of Edward VI. wherein the Commis- sioners describe the two sacryng bells hanging before the A/tar of grene, refers to this Chantry, it being connected with the Green Hall. The Chantry Roll describes it as ‘“‘the Chauntrie of Assheburne founded by John and Anne Bradburne to the honor of God and S. Oswald, to mayntayn Godd’s Service and praye for the founders’ souls, C. s.: clere—ciii®. x °: for the keping of an obitt ij’ iiij*. To the parish Church belongeth M. houselinge people stocke Ixxv®. j.d.”’ Queen Elizabeth on the rst February in the 6th year of her reign granted to Wm. Grice, Esq., and Anthony Forster, gent., all those lands and heridit*® called Almes lands in Ashburne in the tenure of Humphrey Bradburne, Knt., to hold in fee, in socage. [Pat. 6th Elizabeth, p. 4.] Queen Elizabeth, on the 13th September, in the 16th year of her reign, granted to John Farnham, Esq., in fee all these the Chantries late founded by John Bradburne and Ann, his wife, Nicholas Kniveton, and others, in the Parish Church of Ash- burne, and in the Chapel of B. Virgin Mary in the Manor of Hoghe, and all the lands, tenements, rents, liberties, and CHANTRIES FOUNDED IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF ASHBURNE. 157 hereditaments whatsoever thereto belonging by the rent of £10 16s. yearly. [Pat. roth Queen Elizabeth, p. 2.] And the same Queen, by Patent dated the 18th March, in the 3oth year of her reign, granted to Edmund Downing and Miles Dodding, gent., in fee, all that messuage and tenement, with the appurtenances and all the lands, meadows, feeding pastures, &c., thereto belonging, in the tenure of John Rose, in Ashburne, late belonging to the Chantry of S. Oswald in the Church there, and a parcel of land there in the tenure of William Shawe, late also belonging to that Chantry, and devised to Francis Bradburne by indenture dated 27th Elizabeth, to hold by the rent of 26s. 8d. per ann. [Rot goth Elizabeth, p. 15.] The following Institutions to the Chantry of S. Oswald are noted by Dr. Cox from the Lichfield Registers : 1484. Christopher Puce ; patrons, John and Ann Bradburne. 1509. Robert MHasilhurst; patron, Humphrey Bradburne, on the death of C. P. 1540. Thomas Stone; patron, Humphrey Bradburne, on the death of R. H. 1542. Edward Bennett ; patrons, William Bradburne, Thomas Leghe, and Philip Bennett. On the resignation of T. S., Bennett obtained a pension of £5 from Queen Mary. Endowments for perpetual Lights in the Church of Ashburne. Conveyance from Henry Buckbert, of London, and others, to Henry Walker, of Castern, Co. Staf- ford, of a piece of land in Ashburne, Co. Derby, called Lamp- holme. Dated 30th October, 3rd Elizabeth. Queen Elizabeth, on 21st July, in the 1st year of her reign, granted to George Howard, Kt., zz¢er alia one parcel of meadow lying in the parish of Ashburne, called Lampholme meadow, in the tenure of John Knifton, given for the maintenance of a lamp in the Parish Church of Ashburne. , [Pat. 1st Elizabeth, p. 7.] Potes on the Discoveries made tw the Mabe and Aisles of Repton Chureh During the late Restoration. By J. T. Irvine. OME years ago I was permitted to bring before the members of the Derbyshire Archzological and Natural History Society a short description of the crypt of Repton Church ;* and certain happy accidents now enable me to extend the information then obtained westwards into the nave and its aisles, in respect to the early changes which took place, and eventually brought them to their present state. The late restoration of the church, under Sir A. Blomfield’s direction, was by him placed in the careful hands of Mr. John Thompson, builder, of Peterborough, for execution, to which gentleman I owe thanks for the use of the very careful plan and drawings made for him by his clerk, Mr. Garwood, and permission to place them before the Society. I would here say that not having the opportunity to see the remains while open, but only to judge from the drawings, my suggestions in regard to their succession and order are but pro- bable approximations. Such order seems to be reduceable into :— 1st.—A stone structure with transepts and crossing, with arches of plain square orders. This a structure later than the stone chancel of Saxon date. 2nd.—The introduction of Norman pillars and arches at least from crossing into both transepts, as evidenced by * «Journal of the D, A. & N. H.S.,” Vol. V., pp. 165-172, with plates. NOTES ON THE DISCOVERIES IN REPTON CHURCH. 159 the lower parts of two of the circular shafts still in place, but wanting bases. 3rd.—The discovery of the walls of this crossing at present on its north-west and south sides. 4th.—The finding of the remains of a south doorway to a narrow aisle, of Transitional or Early English date, inside west end of present aisle. 5th.—So much of the foundation of the east wall of an enlarged south transept of like date (?) as extended from the site of the removed south wall of the older Norman transept up to that line still represented by the south wall of that chapel at present. 6th.—The laying open in west end of present north aisle of nave of the wall of an older aisle, of the same relative width as that of the present south one, where, indeed, it appears as a foundation along both the west end and south wall. 7th.—That the present sexagonal plan of pillars was adopted precisely as was the case at St. Chad’s Church, Lich- field, to enable the aisles to present a succession of gables, and the great timber which supported the dividing gutter to rest in the side so presented. The Norman north transept remained perfect after the Early English period, for it left the crossing so dark that a pointed win- dow was forced into the narrow slip existing between the east wall of such transept and the north-east angle of the crossing; and, indeed, the lower part of the east wall of this transept, less the return of its north wall, remains at present; whilst their solid walls and narrow Norman arches remained until about the com- mencement of this century. f The like arch to south of crossing would prove the existence of a like transept there. But the remains laid open by Mr. Thomp- son in the present chapel are most interesting, from being limited in length to 7wst so much as filled in the vacant space between such removed transept and the new south line of desired chapel. Whether or no a like-pointed window had existed cannot be dis- covered without the removal of plaster on east respond. As in 160 NOTES ON THE DISCOVERIES IN REPTON CHURCH. most cases where a founder builds an aisle, he generally formed a transept or some special work in its east end for his mortuary chapel. This has led me to place its date in connection with the remains of that door and aisle brought to light inside the south aisle, rather than later. The erection of that very considerable alteration of both aisles whose remains were found in the north aisle, and whose founda- tions can still, with care, be traced under the wall of present south one, very probably led to the destruction of the first north transept. The remains of floors exposed are very instructive. From comparison with the plans of other churches of Saxon date, we might reasonably suppose that the lines of its side walls would have been present in some shape below and between the present arcade pillars. But no such fragments appear to have been seen. It is, however, certain from the bases that the two western nave pillars are somewhat later than those eastward of them. The remains of the floors seen, prove that in so far as that whose level agreed with the level surface of the top step of stairs to crypt, that so far as it presented itself westwards, so much, at least, must have been included in the Saxon and Norman churches, while similar results followed in regard to the tile floor discovered above it. It is impossible not to feel grieved that no one was present who could have obtained the removal of the few additional shovelfuls of earth that would have shed so much further light on the whole matter; and it seems strange to have to thank the builder for his admirable drawings of such remains as of necessity came in his way. The singular side chapels which once existed on north-east and south sides of the crypt here, were also present in the crypts of Wing and Brixworth churches, as may be seen on the diagram plans sent for comparison. In all three cases these side chapels, though destroyed, are very distinctly represented by the openings which in either case led into them. So similar are they in their arrangement as to suggest possible connection in their use, date of erection, and perhaps even the same master mason engaged in their erection. a 1 tiie a 161 The Lost History of Peak forest, the Hunting Ground of the Beverels. By JoHN Pym Yearman, Esq., of Lincoln’s Inn, Barrister-at-Law. about this great forest field, given over eight hundred years ago by the Conqueror to William, founder of the House of Peverel, a hero over whose per- sonality there has always been a glamour and a cloud almost impenetrable. The late Robert Eyton, in his marvellous ‘“ History of Shropshire,” gathered together many little facts which go far towards bringing him back into the light of day, and the writer of this article, in his ‘‘ History of the House of Arundel,” has also published other facts, which he, too, has dug up from the depths of the lumber stowed away in the Public Record Office ; but it is still open to any industrious student of antiquity to determine more accurately his actual relationship to the great Conqueror, and the discovery by the writer of a vast mass of Peak Forest Inquests of an early date, which had long been hidden in the Record Office, may help towards the solution of the problem, as they certainly supply the necessary history of Peak Forest. These Inquests are of themselves of the highest interest, not only with regard to local history, but to the subject generally of Forestry and Venery, so very few Forest Rolls remaining accessible. The Record Office calendars show but a small collection, chiefly copies, and always fragments. The Rolls recently discovered It 162 THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. comprise a perfect series for about 100 years of a very interesting period of history—the thirteenth century. It is well known that nothing can be seen at the Record Office unless the searcher can produce a reference from some Cartulary or Index deposited there, and known to the officials—a general search being an impossibility, owing to the rules of the establish- ment, which require the desired documents 70 be sfecified. These Records have not been thoroughly calendared, hence they have never seen the light, and, if any persons have seen them, they have never given the public the benefit of their knowledge. In gathering material for his ‘‘ History of Derbyshire,” the author made many unsuccessful attempts to discover any Records relating to Peak Forest, and he had despaired of finding any, until the dis- covery of an Inspeximus by Queen Elizabeth, of a portion of an early roll relating to the Foresters of Fee of Peak, in the muniment room of Mr. Westby Bagshawe, of The Oaks, a descendant of one of these foresters, convinced him that the Records must be in existence. The only trace of a Peak Forest Roll given by the Record Office is a mere fragment of the date of 13 Edward I., of a very similar character to the Roll inspected by Queen Elizabeth, but which latter, from comparison, was very clearly of an earlier period. In Queen Elizabeth’s reign it was deposited at Westminster. How, or why, or when, since that period, this record had strayed, can be only conjectured ; but in some way it had found its way to Lancaster, and although a Royal Record, which should have been deposited in the King’s Court, it had become incorporated amongst the Duchy Records, and was described by Sir Thomas Hardy, in his report upon the Duchy Records, as of that character, and of the date of King Edward I. The Rolls are of two separate dates, one set clearly dated the 13th Edward I., when the Forest was the property of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the other being only dated by a Saint’s day ; but many of these rolls contain references to King Henry III. as the shen King; and a further search showed that they must have been recorded after the 35th and before the 37th of that I ee errr THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST, 163 King. A reference to the Patent Rolls of 36th Henry III., gives the commission to the judges who adjudicated upon these Inquests and upon the presentments of the Swainmote Courts, thus clearly dating them as of that year. The old law books lay it down as a rule that the Courts of the Justices in Eyre were held every third year, but these Rolls show, from the clearest internal evidence, that no such Courts had been held from the 18th of King John to the 36th of Henry III., and only those offences which were committed in the reign of the then king were tried; and the later Rolls contain Inquests of occurrences from the latter date to that of the Inquest, 13 Edward I., again showing that no Court had been held between these dates. The Patent Roll of 36 Henry III. indicates that the object of the enquiry was concerning Purprestures e¢ a/ia within the Peak Forest. The Rolls prove that not only were Purprestures inquired into, but, under ‘‘a/ia,’’ were considered Assarts, the building of houses within the Forests, the exactions and misconduct of bailiffs and officers, the number of horse-breeding establishments, with the number of horses and mares with their young, the grants of marriages of the heirs of the Foresters of fee, and lastly, but chiefest of all, the convictions upon presentments of the Foresters Verderers and of 36 freemen, of all offences of vert and venison, and with them an account of the customs of the Foresters. That these Inquests were not held periodically, and only recorded at the date above given, appears clear from the fact that a very large number of the persons convicted were described as being then dead, and their heirs were made liable. The heirs, also, of Foresters and others who should have made presentments, and who had failed to do so, were brought before the Court and fined. The offences, whether of making assarts, purprestures, building houses in the Forest, selling trees, or crimes of vert and venison, although evidently tried at one date, were all approximately dated by reference to the bailiffs of the Forest who held office at the time of their committal. These bailiffs are mentioned in their order, and the number of years of 164 THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. their separate tenures of office is given in several places. For instance, in ascertaining the profits of the King’s mines, the record states that the Earl of Ferrars was bailiff in the time of King John, and received the profits for six years in the time of King Henry ITI., and that he received £15 during his term of office in the latter King’s reign ; that Brian de Insula held the office for five years, and received £12; Robert de Lexington, six years, £40; Ralf fil Nicolas, one year, £5; John Goband, three years, £7 10s.; Warner Engayne, £12 10s. in five years ; John de Grey, #15 in six years; Wm. de Horsenden, for one year, 50 shillings. Rad Bugg, of Nottingham (the ancestor of the Lords Willoughby of Wollaton), extracted the minerals in the time of John Goband, and Wm. de Langsdon and Rad Bugg, of Bakewell (father or son of the former), in the time of John de Grey. The Pipe Rolls confirm the above dates. They show that the Earl of Ferrars had a grant of the office in 18 John, that Brian de Insula had one in 7 Henry III., and that he farmed it for £100 per year, and that Wm. de Horsinden had one in 33 Henry III., and so forth. These dates are of the greatest value to Nottingham and Derby county history, for many undated charters are executed before the Bailiffs of the Honour. It will thus be seen that a complete history of the Peak Forest exists from the time of King John, who, in accordance with his usual habits, granted away the Crown Revenues to his favourite subjects. Wm. Brewer, the great Judge, who was Regent of King Richard I., was in arrears for the farm of the Honour of Peverel, in the 1st of King John. No doubt the wily judge took advantage in this instance, as in many others, whilst King Richard was in the Holy Land and in prison, to obtain for himself this favourite resort of the Kings of England. It would also seem that unless there was a settled conviction or design known to King John and his friends that King Richard should be kept in prison, Wm. Brewer would not have dared to take such a property for himself. It is clear from the Pipe Rolls that after the forfeiture of THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. 165 Wm. Peverel, Henry II. resumed possession of this Crown property, and that he had it in hand during his reign. In his third year there is a charge of £410 16s. ix adequtetatione corredio for the expenses of the King at Peak Castle; £37 r2s. 3d. for entertaining the King of Scotland there and at Nottingham ; besides a charge of 72 shillings for wine at Peak. The same year Robert de Chalz paid 20 mares for the administration of the King’s Forests in Nottingham and Derby, and probably at that date he acted as Bailiff of the Peak. In 14 Henry II., Matilda, the King’s daughter, was resident at Peak, for there is a charge of £4 ros. for two watchers and one porter, and 30s. for one palfrey and one courser (fugat) for her use. There is also a payment of ros. for two « pedicators ” (trappers), who went to Normandy from thence to kill wolves. In 22 Henry II., A135 was expended upon the operations (works) of the Castle, and in the same Roll there is a charge of 76s. 8d. for keeping the King’s bears, and for expenses attending the Ursary of the King, and for taking the bears from Notting- ham to Winchester. The capture of wolves was in ancient times a very important matter, though doubtless the breed was not wholly discouraged, on account of the good sport of hunting them, but they might become too numerous in the neighbourhood of the deer, and it was therefore necessary to keep them down within certain limits. In these Records it is stated that John the Wolfhunter and Thomas fil Thomas Foljamb held a bovat of land, which was formerly one Serjeantry, assigned for the taking of wolves in the Forest, and it was in ancient times divided, so that each of them held half a bovat, of which the said John held one part; and a certain Hugo de Morhaye, who formerly held the other part, gave it with his daughter Katherine, who afterwards sold it to Thomas Foljamb, and the jury being asked what liabili- ties or rights ( Jura) pertained to that Serjeantry, answered none, except that the land should not be assessed by the Bailiffs of Compana, but that in each year, in March and September, the Wolfhunters should go through the midst of the Forest for placing traps (feditas) for taking wolves where they were found by the 166 THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. hounds, and, if the hounds could not scent them, they should go at other times, in the time of summer, at St. Barnabas’ Day, when the wolves had young (ca¢udos), and they should take a lad (garcon) to carry the traps (¢zgenza), who should be armed with a hatchet and a (gesarme*), with a knife at his belt (ceée//’ ad zonam), but without bow or arrows, and he should have a mastiff not lawed (expeditatus), and trained for the purpose. Judging from the fines imposed upon the convictions for veni- son trespasses, it would seem that the penalties for taking the king’s deer, and for all kinds of venison trespass, were by no means so terrible as historians would make us believe. We find in these Rolls that the same men were fined over and over again ; sometimes a few marks, occasionally only half a mark, certainly not grievous punishment, nor sufficient to deter them from a repeti- tion of the offences. And, more than this, these punishments were administered charitably : some of the convicted were excused the payment of these fines on account of their poverty. The presentments for venison trespass open with a tremendous indictment against Wm. Ferrars, Earl of Derby, who was then dead, Ralf Beaufoi of Trusley, Wm. May, the Earl’s hunter, and Robert Curzon of Chaddesden, with Henry (Foljambe?) de Elton, who had taken during his six years of office over 2,000 beasts. This limit of six years shows that the enquiry evidently was confined to King Henry’s reign, and did not extend to that of his father. Ralf Beaufoi was fined £10; Robert Curzon, 60 marks; the Earl’s hunter had escaped (retired into Norfolk), where he was to be attached. 1 It does not appear from this Roll what the heirs of the Earl were fined, but it is very probable that the payments by Edward the king’s son in 38 Henry III., of 102 marks and } mark were in respect of it. It was probably one of the occasions for bringing ruin to Robert, Earl of Derby, who was outlawed shortly after- wards and his possessions given to the king’s son. Nearly all the chief men of the counties of York and Derby, and many of * Hasta vel jaculum, a spear or lance.—ED. THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. 167 Nottingham, were convicted at this inquest. The Veseys of Fulbec, Warner Engayne, Thomas Gresley, Thomas de Furnival, Ralf Bagot (brother of the Earl), William, the then Earl of Derby, the Saviles, Albinis, and very many clerical magnates, the Bishop of Chester, his Archdeacons and Canons, and many of the secular clergy, some of them for hunting and others for receiving the hunters: and consuming the venison. This latter was a very common offence, and the fact that men dared to run the risk of a conviction for the enjoyment of gracing a wedding feast with a haunch of vension would not indicate that the Forest Laws carried much terror with them at that period, as our veracious historians constantly assert. Nor were convictions a mere matter of course. Sometimes the Verderers failed to convict, though they seem generally to have been successful. William de Vesci, Baron, Wm. Latun’, Jo. de Auceville, brother of Robert, Wm. de Sattorp, and Robert Viator (? Venator), of the earl, were charged with taking three stags in the forest. John de Auceville was then in the Holy Land on a pilgrimage. William de Vesci protested before the Verderers that he took the stags by the gift of the king, and he brought the king’s brief by Brian de Insula, then Justice of Forests, therefore they withdrew the charge, and William with his whole family were quit of it. An unpleasant story, and probably not an uncommon one, showing how lightly life was regarded in that age, appears in a charge against Matthew de Sipeley, Robt. de Burton, Matthew de Storches, Bate Bradule, Roger de Deneby, and Robt. de Rysley, for coming into the forest with their boys and with hounds to commit venison trespasses, in other words, to hunt. They were captured by the king’s foresters and liberated by Robert de Esseburn, constable of Peak, for Ralf fil Nicolas (bailiff). They were ordered by the king’s writ to be taken before Robert de Ros, then Justice of the Forest, but Robert de Esseburn appeared and said that Bate and Roger had escaped prison and he then beheaded them (decollati), and that he had discharged Robt. de Rysley and the other boys because they were youths. For this, Robert de Esseburn was in misericordia. It would have been satisfactory to 168 THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. learn whether his fault was for his humanity to the younger boys, or for beheading poor Bate and Roger; anyway, it was a sad end of a happy hunting day. It would appear rather that he was fined for what was not his fault, for the record adds that he was fined 10 marks for the escape. Matthew de Sepley was fined 60 marks, as the chief criminal ; Matthew de Storches, only 20s. A party of clerical poachers fell into trouble upon a visit to the Abbot of Leicester at his house at Glossop, Roger de Wesham, Bishop of Chester, Magister Thomas de Ferneley, William, vicar of Glossop, Archdeacon Adam de Stamford, Magister Rich. de Stamford, John Clericus, and Roger Mariscal, were all found guilty of taking a doe (Bissam). John Clericus was a monk unknown, and, therefore, he got off, but the Archbishop was attached to compel the appearance of the Bishop before the Justices. The Knight Jurors of the county of Derby presented Wm. Bardolf (a great Baron) for taking two stags, but he proved that he had the grant of the king, and so the Knight Jurors were themselves in mésericordia. Matthew de Sepeley, sen., Robert le Brun, and Ad. de Pen- kestone (who was then dead) took one stag, two bissa, and one fawn (se¢onem), and were imprisoned by Wm. de Ferrars, Earl of Derby, then bailiff of Peak (then dead), who took certain monies to liberate them, and this, adds the record ‘‘he could not do without the special mandate of the king or of the Justices of the Forest, therefore his heirs must answer for it. The word seton, here translated fawn, is a curious one, and difficult to trace.* John Saville, of the county of York, with his brothers William and Waiter, took a stag in Langedale, which they carried to the house of John. He came before the Justices and produced the King’s pardon for all forest trespasses dated the 7th February 35th year of the king’s reign, therefore John and his brothers were quit of that transgression, but the Knight Jurors were not blamed or fined, since the very fact of pardon was an admission of guilt. * It would seem to be a corruption of Secta—offspring.—(see Ducange). —————E———— os THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. 169 Matthew de Hathersage, a Baron, who had married the heiress of Musard, was presented for having a certain Buckstall in his own woods, in Hathersage, too near the King’s Forest. This wasa toil for taking deer, and Matthew said that he and his ancestors always had it and ought to have it, and that formerly they had it still nearer to the forest. It is difficult to understand the meaning of the verdict, for he was fined 20 marks, that his Buckstall should remain so that it should not be nearer to the forest than where it was; from which it would seem that he was only acting within his rights. A sad occurrence is recited in a Roll of 13 Edward I. The jury presented that when the king made his chace at Compana, in the forest, upon the Wednesday next after the Feast of the Assump- tion of the Blessed Mary, in the 3rd year of his reign, William fil Rankelli of Hocklow, came, and when the king’s hounds had got a stag at bay (ad barum) beyond the bounds of the forest, William shot the stag and killed the king’s hounds; upon the king’s hunters coming up they cried him (exclamaverunt) and he fled, and they took the venison to the king’s larder. In a Roll of 13 Edward I., there is a charge against Thomas de Furnival, Lord of Sheffield, to whom, in the 48th year of Henry III. was entrusted the Castle of Peak, that he with his familiars, Ivo de Heriz, Rad Barry, Rad de Ecclesall, a certain Knight Stout of Stuteville, all of Nottingham, and others, killed no less than 12 beasts. They were all severely punished. In the same year there is a great presentment against Robert, Earl Ferrars, then Earl of Derby, who, with a great many Knights and high personages, his familiars (Knights) came into the Forest of Compana, on the day of St. Thomas the Martyr (48 H. III.) and took 40 beasts, and drove away other 40, and at the Feast of St. Peter ad Vincula (Aug. rst), took 50 beasts and drove away 70, and at St. Mich. took 40 and drove away another 4o. These grave charges probably formed another link in the chain of events which culminated in the ruin of this great nobleman. A curious case occurred at a Swanmote held at Chapel-en-le- Frith, in the Forest, on the Feast of St. Gregory, 8 Edward I., 170° THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST, William Foljambe came before Thomas le Ragged, then Bailiff, and presented that Henry de Medwe took a doe with a certain black hound, which was called ‘‘ Collyng,” at Canehevid, and he agreed to prove this under too marks penalty. Henry de Medwe denied the charge, and said that William Foljambe himself, and Gregory, his brother-in-law, with his other familiars and shepherds (pastores), at Martyngode Weston, and Wormhill, had destroyed 100 beasts of the forest—stags, does, and setons; and for the verification of these charges he bound himself in 100 marks, and for bail gave Wm. Martyn and Thos. fil Thomas Foljambe, - The Jury found Henry guilty, and he was fined roos., for which were bail Thos. Foljambe of Gratton, Hy., his brother, Nich. de Lenne, and Roger de Baslow, Clic. Wm. Foljambe and his associates were found not guilty of destroying 100 beasts, but only of 20 of all kinds, and he was fined 20 marks, and he found bail Wm. Martyn, Wm. de Oldreddy Robt. Capon, and Thos. Foljambe, of Gratton. This was evidently a pretty family quarrel, and Henry de Medwe was pro- bably a Foljambe himself, as some of his bail were of that family. Rad. Coterill, in 11 Ed. I, came into the Compana Forest within the Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, with his bow and arrows hidden (dssmudatus), and shot at a herd of beasts; and upon this came John Daniel (a Forester of Fee of the Foljambe family), and cried him, and would take him (attachiare voluit), but he resisted, and shot two arrows at the said John. He was, however, at length captured. Robt. de Melner, junior, who was outlawed at the time when he was a forester, took about 20 beasts, and carried them to the house of his father, Robt. de Melner. William and Henry, the brothers of Thomas Foljambe of Gratton, were guilty of many forest trespasses, and Thomas Foljambe abetted them. This Thomas Foljambe was a clericus ; probably only a lawyer, for he was married and had children, who succeeded to his inheritance. Thomas Bozun, Bailiff 11 Ed. I., presented Michael fil Adam de ane THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. I7!I Wormhill for killing setons in the forest, and selling their skins at Bakewell and elsewhere in open market, and he was convicted in full Swanmote. Rich, de Basselowe and Hebbe Piscator were in the company of Rich, Vernon when taking the King’s deer at the Feast of the Holy Cross, 38 H. III., and they took two stags and three bissas. Hebbe came afterwards, and was imprisoned, but the King pardoned him because he was poor. Rich. de Baslow was fined 420. This is a very curious entry, and it probably accounts for the fall of the family of Vernon, of Haddon. After the outlawry of Rich. Vernon this family ceased to be Lords of Haddon. The family who long after held this Manor, and whose heiress married Manners (the ancestor of the present Duke of Rutland), were not Vernons, although they took the name, but were descended from a daughter of this Richard Vernon, who married one Gilbert the Frenchman, descended from a Yorkshire family, and their son assumed the name of Vernon some time after he obtained that inheritance. William Venator and William Maynwaring, of the county of Chester, killed a stag in Courtes in Chisworth, on St. Barnabas’ Day, 11 Ed. I., and carried the venison to the house of Thomas de Aston, of the county of Lancaster, and there it was eaten (comesta fuit) at a certain festival which was held on account of his marriage. Numbers of persons were fined for harbouring the malefactors— judging from the names, generally their relations—and many more for harbouring the venison. It seems incredible that if the laws of Venery were so severe as it is generally supposed, that anyone could be found who, for the mere gratification of eating it, would run so great arisk. It would rather seem from these Rolls that, from the time of King John to the 36th Henry III., the Bailiffs, and not the Justices, adjudicated in Peak Forest ; and, inasmuch as most of the Bailiffs were found guilty of the same offences, it was evident that no moral stigma accompanied the act. One can only conclude that the nobility and clergy, who not only illegally 172 THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. participated in the chase but in the consumption of the venison, must have been very much astonished at the holding of this remarkable Inquest. A more important class of Records to the inhabitants of Derby- shire is to be found in the Inquests concerning purprestures and assarts, and it would seem that just as the traffic in hunting and venison was customary, so it had become the fashion to clear the Forest and erect houses all over it. Probably under the early Norman Kings and the first Kings of the House of Plantagenet there were but few, if any, assarts made in this Forest, for every settler at this latter date seems to have been called upon to explain whether he cleared his assart or erected his dwelling with or with- out the consent of the King’s Bailiff, and he seems to have been fined in both cases, though few seem to have been excluded from the occupation of the land. It was part of the enquiry where and under whose jurisdiction the assart was made, and this is most valuable for genealogical purposes, giving a pedigree for many Peak families dating from the time of King John. The assarts were generally of small areas, but some of the more bold seem to have cleared twenty or thirty acres at a time, which must have made a serious inroad upon the Forest domains. The Inquests of the horse-breeding establishments are very curious. At the first date, 36 Henry III., only about a dozen are mentioned. That of the Abbot of Welbec was at that time the most extensive. He had at Cruchel, in the Forest, 20 horses and 20 mares, in his Equitium, which King John had conceded to the monks of Welbec. ‘The Abbot of Mirevale had had for the past six years 16 mares with their young ; the Abbot of Basingwerke, 20 with their young ; Wm. de Rode had seven; Thomas Foljambe, the elder, had the same number, and he was dead, and Thomas Foljambe, his heir, was bound to make compensation for the same. In 13 Ed. I. the Queen Consort was presented for having in her Equitium in the Compana 115 mares and foals (fuZlanes), to the great detriment of the Forest, and it was noted that many THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. 173 others kept horses in the Compana under colour of belonging to the Queen’s stud. Peter de Shatton, Forester of Fee (he was probably ancestor of the Bagshawes—Nicolas Bagshawe, Forester of Fee, of 11 Edward II., was described as of this place), had eleven horses and mares feeding in the Compana, and he was fined and ordered to remove his “ averia.” Thomas the Archer, Forester of Fee of Compana, had under him a certain foot forester (for’ feditu’), Rich. de Baggeshaw, and he had a forester, a certain gavcon, under him, and they both lived upon the country. They had sheep and their young feeding in the Forests, to the injury of the King’s deer. Thomas Foljambe had a foot forester under him, and this Rich. Roboloe unjustly placed his swine in the vill of Olerenshaw, and took 10 marks unjustly for expeditating (lawing of dogs). Wm. de Horsenden whilst he was bailiff exacted £10 for such penalties. Other bailiffs were convicted of the like and of other offences, and the Roll terminates with these words :— * And because the said Foresters were convicted of the said and of other offences, and also other Foresters of the said Forest were fined for many transgressions and Concealments, and many of them are poor and in a destitute condition (dedc/e statu), by the judgment of the Justices, their baliwics are taken into the king’s hands to be replevied at the will of the king when the required oblation shall have been made, so that no damage be done in the forest, so that they well, and wholly, keep their baliwics to the advantage of the king. [Some of them were merely fined for their transgressions and for permission to hold their baliwics during the king’s pleasure as follows: Robt. de Melner, Forester of Fee, #10; Thomas le Archer, 2 marks; William Hall, 2 marks, because he was poor; Thos. le Ragged of Berde, 1 mark; Robt. Balgy, 20 shillings; Adam Gomfrey, 4 mark; Jacob Maynwaring, 1 mark; Peter de Shattton, 1 mark; Peter le Hore, ; mark ; Roger Wodrove, 1 mark; Wm. le Heyr, 4 mark; Hy. de Medwe, 20 shillings; Thomas de Gratton, 20 shillings. } 174 THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. “ And because the king now of late, that is to say, for the past twelve years appointed certain Knightly Foresters (Forestarii Equitii) through the whole Forest, Nich. Lenne, who took for his custody £18 4s. per annum, and was deputy of Robt. Boson, who is Bailiff of Peak, and who held his baliwic for three years, and was not guilty of transgressions.” Wm. de Horsenden when Bailiff made two forges for iron. Rad Bugg in the time he was Bailiff, after Wm. Horsenden, for 14 years kept 80 beasts at the damage of 20 shillings, for which Rich. de Bingham who was his heir is answerable. The same Ralf had 60 cart horses (jumenta) feeding in Compana and Lydale for 14 years at the damage of 150 shillings, and 4 (carac. bov.) yoke of oxen feeding in the Forest, 31 shillings. Gervase de Bernak, Bailiff of Peak, had for three years 23 oxen feeding, 30 shillings, for which Rich.de. . . . of the county of Derby his heir is nowanswerable. Thomas de Orreby, Bailiff of Peak, had 4 yoke of oxen, 60 shillings. Rich. le Ragged, 3 yoke of oxen, 20 shillings ; Thos. le Ragged, of Berde, his heir. Thos. Foljambe, Bailiff, was answerable for 3 yoke of oxen feed- ing in the Forest. There is a fragment of a Roll entitled ‘‘of the marriage of the heirs of Foresters of Fee,” which might be extended to the satisfaction of the genealogist indefinitely. | Unfortunately, it only contains the record of two of these transactions. Brian de Insula (6-11 Henry III.) married Matilde, eldest daughter of Simon de Melner, Forester of Fee of Languedale, without the king’s assent to William de Insula, who died, and Thomas Turbott sold the custody and marriage of Isabel, her sister, to Roger de Staf- ford for £10. John de Grey, when Bailiff of Peak (27-33 Henry III.) sold the custody of Robert fil and heir of Simon de Stanley, Forester of Fee of Compana, to Robt. de Wurth, who sold it to Rich. de Trafford, whose daughter Robert fil Simon de Stanley married. There can be but little doubt that this was the ancestor of the Earls of Derby, whom the heralds at this period call de Audeley, THE LOST HISTORY OF PEAK FOREST. 175 These records show that an earlier Robert de Stanley made an assart in the Forest of Peak (6-11 Hy. III.). This family also had land in Cheshire. For the satisfaction of those who would care to consult these records for themselves, it may be noted that at present they may be called for as ‘‘ Duchy of Lancaster Records,” Class F. 50.6. 176 A Register of Birds Shot by the Rev. Francts Gisborne, Meetor of Staveley (1759-1821), Duly recorded by Himself from the veay 1761 to 1784. Contributed by Rev. CHARLES Mo.ingux, Rector ot Staveley. THE above register was found among a varied col- lection of old parochial documents by Mr. R. W. Crawshaw, of the Hagge, for many years rector’s churchwarden, by whom it has been handed to the present rector. As above stated, it extends from the year 1761 to 1784, and was, no doubt, continued to a much later date, judging SUN-DIAL IN GARDEN OF STAVELEY RECTORY. from the existence of a fragmentary half-sheet dated 1793. Of these intervening years, however, we have no further record. The register is written on ordinary sized hand-made note paper, in a clear, legible hand, and has evidently been most accurately kept. In many cases we have not merely the description of the bird, but also a minute statement as to its weight and RICHARD KEENE, PHOTO. DERGY. REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, RECTOR OF STAVELEY, DERBYSHIRE, A.D. 1759 TO 1821. Founvexr or THE “ GisBoRNE CLOTHING CHARITY” FOR 100 PARISHES IN DERBYSHIRE. SSE, r”S— BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, bf a] dimensions. It may be well to mention that the Rev. Francis Gisborne was Rector of Staveley from 1759 till 1821, and that a short memoir of one who may be justly termed ‘“‘a Derbyshire worthy ” is to be found in Vol. V. of this Journal, p. 76, to which we refer our readers. In the perusal of old diaries it is always helpful to have some idea of the personal appearance of the diarist. And we are fortunate enough to be able to present to our members a portrait of this quondam Rector of Staveley, taken unconsciously, as far as he himself was concerned, for he had a strong objection to be reproduced on canvas ; and it was only by a gentle artifice that an accomplished artist friend was able to secure the present likeness. The original was taken in crayons, and is now in the possession of Mr. Bagshawe, of Ford Hall, through whose kindness it has been copied by Mr. Richard Keene. The register will naturally have a greater charm for the ornithologist and the sportsman than for the archeologist pure and simple. Still we venture to hope that even for the antiquary the catalogue of an old rector’s prowess in a past century may not be altogether devoid of interest. The pursuit of game was, perhaps, more generally followed a hundred years ago than it is now ; certainly by the higher classes, and probably with more genuine pleasure. There was less of artificiality in the whole business. The day’s ramble over the stubbles or the moor was a more simple affair. Battues were fortunately unknown, and the conditions of true sport were more fairly observed. ‘That clerics, too, sometimes carried the gun, appears from the following extract from an article in Zhe Gen/le- man’s Magazine of 1761, descriptive of the habits of the clergy at that date :—‘‘ Some pursue the rural diversions of coursing, fishing, and shooting, and these I would call innocent recrea- tions, were not some of them to boast of killing a hundred brace of partridges to their own gun, and tyrannically to in- sult the farmer whose corn and hedges they destroy.” To commence— 12 178 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, 1761. Aug. 20th.) 3 Pars. 21st, 2 Pars. 24th. 1 Par., } Do. with Mr. Lushton,” 1 Land Rail, 1 Quail. 28th. 7 Pars., 1 Rabbit. 3iIst. 5 Pars. : Septr. 1st. 4 Pars., 2 of ’em a, o. Sht.,4 1 Wd. Pign. or Ring Dove, 1 Fern Owl. Octr. 3rd. 4 Par. with Captn. Lushton. 8th. 1 Quail, 1 Par., 2 Snpes. 2oth. 2 Snpes. Nov. 24th. 1 Par. at Bobbing. 26th "1 Par: Do. Dec. 6th. 1 Hre., 2 Buntg. Larks, 1 Lark at Linton, © 1 Hre., t Hre., 1 H. Pheasant at Do. 24th. 2 Larks, 1 Par., 1 W. C.,'7 2 Jck. Snpes., 1 Fld. Fare, I Ring Dove. 3ist. 1 BI. bird. (*) August.—It will be observed that the register commences with a record of partridges killed in the month of Azezst, the game laws for securing the present close time for partridges being of comparatively modern date. It was not until 2and 3 Geo. III. c. 19, 1762-1763, that the aw was passed enacting ‘‘ that no person shall upon any pretence whatsoever, take, kill, carry, sell, buy, or have in possession or use any partridge between February 12th and September Ist, or any pheasant between February Ist and October Ist, yearly, on pain of forfeiting £5 for every such fowl, with costs.” (2) Do. with Mr. Lushton.—This is evidently a touch of sportsmanlike courtesy. The bird fell, no doubt, to both guns, and the worthy rector would lay claim to no more than his share, and at the same time acknowledge his companion’s skill. How different from the hasty exclamation of the self assertive sportsman, ‘‘ My bird !!” (2) Mr. Lushton.—Probably an abbreviation of Lushington. The Rev. F. Gisborne’s cousin Dorothy married Thomas Godfrey Lushington, of Derby, and the entry no doubt refers to some member of this family. (3) Quazl.—The existence of the Staveley Coal and Iron Works would be quite sufficient to account for the disappearance of this bird from this parish. Mr. Edwd. Clulow, of Derby, tells me that he shot two on the same day at Draycott, in the year 1886, and on the South Downs of my native county of Sussex, a bevy of quail is no uncommon sight, and specimens are frequently bagged. They are protected by ‘‘The Wild Birds Protection Act, 1880.” 4) 4, O. Shi.—This abbreviation is of frequent occurrence. Translated it means ‘‘at one shot.” Sometimes it conveyed a great deal. (s) Capin. Lushton.—I have no means of identifying this gentleman. But I find that Thomas Godfrey Lushington, of Derby, had a son William ; and in an old army list of 1763, I find a Major William Lushington in the 16th Dragoons. Possibly this may be the gallant officer to whom the entry refers. (6) Bobbing, Linton.—Names not known in this immediate neighbourhood. Dec.— The season so mild that many pear trees about town were in blossom, and primroses and daisies appeared in the fields.” —( Belsham’s ‘‘ Chronology.”) () 1 W. C.—Woodcock, res Aan ~ gm thee BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 179 1762. Jan. oth. 1 Redw. Thrush flying. © 22nd. 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Bl. Bird, 1 Hare. 16th. 1 Thrush, 1 J. Snpe. 23rd. 1 Snpe., 3 Redwg. Thrs. 25th. 9 Snpes., 1 Redwg. Th. 2oth. 1 Mallrd., 1 Wat. Hen catch’d unshot. 30th. 2 Larks. Feb. Ist. 1 J. Snpe., 2 Snpes. 2nd. 2 J. Snpe., 3 J Snpes., 1 Bl. Bird. 3rd. 6 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes., 1 Par., 1 W.C., 2 W. Ducks, 6th. I Bl. Bird, 1 Snpe. 8th. 2 Bl. Bird, 3 Redwg. Thr. at o. sht. toth. 2 Fld. Fares, 2 Larks, 7 Do. a. o. sht., 4 Bl. Birds, 5 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes. 11th. 2 Snpes., 1 Bl. Bird. 13th. 4 BI. Birds, 2 Fld. Fares, 4 Snpes., 1 J. Snpe. 15th. 2 Par., 1 Bl. Bird. 2oth. 2 Larks. Feb. 22nd. 2 Larks, 1 BI. Bird. 23rd.__—-t Crow flyg. ©) 25th. 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Redwg. Thr. N.B.—-Lost Powder Flask. Mar. ‘Io. 3 Snpes., 1 Bl. Bird, 2 Larks. April Ist. 1J. Snpe.,°) 2 Snpes., 1 Fld. Fare. and. 1 Redwg. Th.,1 Fld. Fare, 1 Wat. Hen., 1 BI. Bird. In June. 5 Stares, 1 Wat. Hen, 7 Sparrs., 7 Do., 8 Do., 6 Do., 5 Do., 1 Pigeon, 1 Snpe. found dead, 7 Do. shot. (8) Flying.—These entries may be best understood by comparison with Note 11. Flying shots only became general with an improved gun. We must bear in mind that the Rector’s bag was made with the old ‘‘ Brown Bess.” In the Badminton Vol. on shooting we find the following remarks :— **Tt was at first thought almost an impossibility to make fatal flying shots with any certainty, having regard to the construction and capacity of the earlier flint fowling pieces, consequently all verbal and pictorial illustrations of shoot- ing in old days represent gunner taking steady aim at motionless objects.” (‘* Shooting, Field, and Covert,” p. 13.) eb, 22.—An unusual fall of snow. In many places it was Io or 12 feet deep. Nearly 50 people who were caught in the open fields and heaths lost their lives in the hurricane that accompanied it. It blew down houses, trees, and chimneys in great numbers.—(Belsham’s ‘‘ Chronology.”) (9) Lost Powder Flask.—Not an unfrequent experience in the old muzzle- loading days. Some of the flasks were very interesting pieces of workmanship. (20) _4pril.—Jack Snipe.—Now an illegal month in which to shoot these birds, which are protected under the Wild Birds Act from 16th March to 31st July, both inclusive, under the penalty of 41 for each bird for each offence, 180 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. In Octr. Shot 2 Par., 2 Do., 2 Do. & 1/2, 1 Quail, 6 Pars., 2 Pars. Noy. bee Decr. Ist. 1763; jan. Ist. 8th. roth. 12th, 14th. 15th, 17th, a. 0. S., I Par, caught, 2 Snpes., 1 Bl. Bird, 1 Mallrd., 1 Snpe. on ground ‘™, 1 Par,, 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Ring Dove, 1 W. C., 1 W. C. 1 W. C., 1 Field Fare, 1 Do. flyg, 1 Snpe. 3 Snpes., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Redwg. Thr., 2 Larks. 1 W. C., 1 Snpe., 1 Redwg. Thr. 4 Snpes., 1 Great Ash-coloured Butcher Bird.'?) 5 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes., 1 Par., 1 Hawk, 1 Teal,. 1 Wild Duck. 1 Hare. 1 Mallrd,, 1 Wat. Hen, 5 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes, 2 Hares. 1 J. Snpe., 1 Owl. I Snpe. I Par., I Do., 1 Hare, 1 Lapwg., 1 Snpe. 2 Snpes., 2 Fld. Fares a, o. sht., 1 Do., 1 Wat. Hen. t Mallard, 2 Wild Ds., 1 Par., 3 Snpes., 7 Fld. Fares & 2 Stares, along with one of the Field Fares. 1 Mallard, 2 Wd. Owls, 1 Bl. Bird, 3 Fld. Fares, 3 Snpes., 1 Least Woodpecker.) 2 Wat. Hens, I Snpe., 1 Bl. Bird. 2 Pars., 5 Fld. Fares, 1 Hare, 7 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes. 1 Wild Duck, 3 Snpes.,1 J. Snpe., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Fld Fare. 2 Hares, 1 Weazel,"4) 1 Wat. Hen. 1 Hare, 1 Bl. Bird, 1 Snpe., 1 Wld. D., 3 Fld. Fares, 7 Larks a. o. s. 9 Larks. 1 Wld. D., 2 Fld. Fares. 1 Snpe., 1 Weazel or a Stoat,("4) 1 Wat. Hen. 1 Bl. Bird, (1) On the Ground.—This entry will be found to be no uncommon one. The worthy Rector seems to have bagged his bird when and how he could. It would scarcely be now regarded as sportsmanlike. (2) Great Ash-coloured Butcher Bird (Lanius LExcubitor).—A rarity. Glover mentions an instance of one being shot in Derby. (3) 1 Least Woodpecker (picus minor).—By no means a common bird. Morris records the shooting of one near Melbourne, Dec. 11, 1844. (4) 1 Weazel (mustela).—A tribe still living in the parish. I saw one in August cantering along the dusty highway with a mouse in its mouth. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REY. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 181 18th. 1 Mallard, 1 Crow. 19th. 1 Wid. D., 1 Hare. 21st. 1 Heron, 1 Mallrd., 2 Snpes., 1 Bald Coot. 22nd, 1 Bittern, 5) 2 Par,, 1 Mallrd., 2 Snpes., 1 J, Snpe,, 1 Fld. Fare. ; 24th. 1 Wild D., 5 Larks. 25th. 1 Par., 1 Snpe. 26th 2 Mallrds. 27th. 1 Snpe. 28th. 1 Par., 1 Mallard. 30th. 1 Hare, 1 Par, Feb, 15th. 3 Car. Crows, 1 Jack Daw. 23rd. 2 Stares, May 16th. Shot 4 Rooks in Ch : yard Glen and 16 Rooks at Romely.'® This Block is kindly lent by Messrs. Longmans and Co. 5) Bittern (Botaurus stellaris).—Getting more scarce every year, probably on account of the more perfect system of drainage. This entry is only one of several. A specimen was shot in the neighbourhood of Staveley by Mr. I. I. Crofts in 1879, and is now in the possession of one of the family, #eb.—On 13th of this month a heavy fall of snow in Midland counties, It lay 8 feet deep on the roads. —(Belsham’s ‘‘ Chronology.”) (6) At Romely.—Romely Hall, in the parish of Staveley, was formerly the residence of the Rector’s brother, Thomas Gisborne, M.D., Fellow of S. John’s College, Cambridge, F.R.S., and Physician to the King, President of the College of Physicians, 1804. He died, unmarried, at Romely, in 1806, and lies buried in Staveley churchyard. The Hall, now the property of Canon and Mrs. Olivier, is gradually falling into decay, and is at present occupied by Mr. J. B. Barrow’s gamekeeper. 182 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. July [16th. 8 Sparrows. Sept. Ist. 4 Pars., 2. Crows sitting, a. 0. s. 2nd. . 3) Bar. 6th. I Par, ’ 13th. 2 Snpes.‘flying at one shot when two only, 1 do., 7 Pars., with Mr. Richard Slater.” Nov. 10, 3 Hares, 2 W. C’s. 12, 3 W. C’s., 1 Par. 16th. 2 W. C’s., 1_Par., 2 J. Snpes. 2 1 Teal in company with Mr. Prime,” 1 Hare. Decr. 8. I Squirrel, 2 Snpes., 1 Wat. Rail. oth. 2 Snpes., 1 Wh. Owl. 1oth. 1 W. C., 1 Par., 2 J. Snpes., 1 Fld. Fare. 2ist. 1fWd. pecker; also one Fld. Fare the latter end of December. 1764, July 25th. .-2 Moor Game Poots,'), 1 Tor or Ring Ouzel. 3Ist. | 1 Wild Duck, 1 Wild D. found which I shot before, 1 Fern Owl. Seale US 4 Pars., 2 of em. a. o. s. 4th. 3 Pars. 7th. 6 Pars., 20fema.o.s. N.B.—A Pike at Pebbly 9) about 4 lbs. 1oth. 9 Par., 1 Hre. 25th. 1 Par. Nov. I Snpe. (7) Of Mr. Richard Slater 1 can find no record in the parish registers, Later on we come across Mr. Adam Slater, who was evidently a local doctor or apothecary. Possibly Richard was his father. Mr. Prime was one of the churchwardens. His name figures in the wardens’ accounts about this time. (8) A day, no doubt, upon The Moors. What are Poots? (Probably inten- ded for ‘ Coots.’) (19) Pebbly.—Pebbly Dam, in the immediate neighbourhood. A favourite resort of anglers. Mr. Gisborne was an ardent disciple of Walton. Tradition says that it was very frequently his custom of a morning to make his way to the Rother, which runs through Staveley, land successfully one of the large chub with which its deeps then abounded, and then contentedly return home. An old inhabitant of Staveley has just sent me the following anecdote :— **Pebbly Dam, about four miles distant, was frequently visited by the Rector in company with Mr. Sales, the Parish Clerk. On one occasion an early start was made, and the fascinating sport commenced. All on a sudden Mr. Gisborne remembered that it was Wednesday morning, the one morning in the week on which morning prayers were read in church. There was nothing for it but to return, and the journey was made, the duty accomplished, and was followed by a most successful day’s sport.” I have a note of a large Pike caught in Pebbly in 1887, by a person of the name of Gothard of Masboro’, weighing 28 lbs. BIRDS SHOT Dec. “24 29. 1765. Jany. 5. Feb. 7 March 2nd. sth. BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 183 3 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes, 1 Par., 1/2 a Hare. 5 Snpes., 10 small Birds, 1 Hre, 2 Snpes. 5 Snpes., 1 Par., 1 Snpe. 2 Pars, 1Snpe. N.B.—Jan. 29th 1 W.C., 1 Hre. at Aston. t Ring Dove. 1 W. C., t Snpe., 4 J. Snpes. 1 W. C., 3 Snpes., 4 J. Snpes. 2 Mallards, 3 Snpes., 1 Wat. Hen. 3 Snpes., 3 J. Snpes. 1 Teal, 1 do., 3 Snpes., 1 Fld. Fare. 7 Snpes., 2 Wat. Hens., 1 Teal. 1 Mallrd. & 1 Duck at one shot, 5 Snpes. 1 Mallrd. 1 J. Snpe. 2 Wild D., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Snpe., 1 J. Snpe, 1 Wat. Hen. 1 Wat. Hen, 2 Larks. The first week in September shot as follows at Staveley—1 Wryneck, 5 Pars. N.B. 2 of em old ones a. o.s., 5 Pars., 1 Hare, & 1 Par. 2nd week at Repton, &c., 8 Pars. at Burton 6 Pars. at Seal, &c., 1 Hre., 2 Pars., 1 Bald Coot. at Saperton, &c., 1 Hre., 1 Par, at Repton, 3rd week, 7 Par., 1 Snpe. at Twiford. 4th week 5 Pars. at Staveley. 24th. 25. 26th, 27. 28. Oct. Ist. 14th, 16th. Nov. «4. 6 Pars. 10 Pars., 2 of ema.o. s, 2 Pars, 2 Pars. 2 Pars. I Par. 4 Pars., 2 of ema.o.s. 1 Snpe. Leveret caught by Fanny; also one day the week after 3 Pars., 2 of em. ». 0. s. 2 W. C.’s, 2 Hares. (20) ** Fanny”—Referring, no doubt, to the favourite setter or pointer so indispensable a companion in those days, and invariably to be found pour- trayed in old sporting pictures. 184 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 6th. T WG: 7th. 1 Snpe., but a Buzzard or Kite eat it.) gth. 1 Titlark, 1 W. C., 1 Par., 1 Wat. Hen. 11th. 1 Young Cock or Hen Pheasant,') 1 W. C. 12th. 1 Wat. Hen., 1 Snpe. 15th. 3 W.C.’s, 5 J. Snpes., 1 Par. 16th. 4 Snpes. 18th. 3 Cock Pheasants, 4 Woodcocks, 1 of em on ground. 2Ist. 1 Snpe. on ground. 22. 2 W. C.’s & 1/2 do. with Mr. Thos. Bourne,*?) I Snipe. 23rd. 1 Snpe. 27th. 4 Quail, 1 Fld. Fare., 1 Lark, 2 Wat. Hens, 2 J. Snpes, 11 Snipes. 28th. 1 Cock Pheasant, 1 Par., 4 W. C.’s. 29th. 2 Snpes., 1 J. Snpe., 1 Missel Thrush. Deer.” 12: 3 J. Snpes., 2 W. C.’s, 1 Wd. Owl. 4th. 3 Snpes., 1 J. Snpe., 2 Pars., 1 Hare. 5th. 6 Snpes, 3 Pars., 2 of ema.o. s. 6th. 1 Fld. Fare, 2 Snpes:, 1 J. Snpe., 2 Pars. a. 0. s. 7th. 1 Fld. Fare, 6 Snpes., 1 Wat. Rail, 1 Par. oth. 1 Snpe., 1 W. Duck, 1 Mallard, both hit the first shot. NB. Shot 2 Teal but could not get them.) 12th. 1 Wat. Hen., 1 Fld. Fare, 4 Snpes., 1 Wld. Duck, t Mallrd. 13th. 1 Male Teal, 1 do. do., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Par., 1 Wild Duck. (2x) ** Kzte” or ** Buszzard.”—Bewick (1832) describes the former as then common in England. It certainly is not sonow. The latter is (so Morris says) still sufficiently abundant, although Waterton speaks of the common variety as extinct in Yorkshire. (2) Young Cock or Hen Pheasant.—This is only one indication among many that the entries were not invariably made immediately succeeding the conclusion of the day’s sport. The Rector’s memory was evidently in doubt here. (3) Mr. Thos. Bourne.—I can find no such name in the parish registers. He may have been a guest or a neighbour from an adjoining parish. (24) ** Could not get -them.”—I am informed by some of the old inhabi- tants at Staveley that within their memory there were one or two large sheets of water frequented by wild aquatic birds, which have now disappeared, through drainage and other causes, but which would easily account for such an entry as this. If “ Fanny” had been a retriever, possibly the birds might have been bagged. Ne TT TT TT EE &« BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 185 1766. Jan. Feb. March. 14th. 1 Fid. Fare flying, 1 Wat. Hen, do., 5 Snpes., 2 Wild Duck, 1 Mallard. 16th. 2 Thrushes a. o.s., 1 Wat. Rail, 1 Fld. Fare & I Redwg. Thrush at ye same shot, 1 Par. Igth. 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare. 26th. 1 Fld. Fare, 10 Larks a. o. s.,(5) 1 Hare. 23rd.‘ « Fid. Fare, 1 Bl. Bird flyg. 24th. 3 Fld. Fares, 1. W. Duck. 30th. 4 Fld. Fres.,.1 Wat. Rail, 2 Snpes., 1 Mallrd. N.B.—35 Snipes killed this month. 2nd. 5 Fid. Fares, 3rd. 1 Fld. Fare. 4th. 1 Wat. Rail, 1 Water Hen, 1 Snpe., 1 Par. on ground, 4 Redwg. Thrs., 17 Fld. Fares, 3 of em flying. 6th. 2 Redwg. Thr., 8 Fld. Fares, 6 Lars. a. o. s. goth. 1 Bald Coot, 1 Par., 1 Fld, Fre, 4 Snpes., oo. Millay COr 1oth. 1 Fld. Fre., 3 Redwg. Thrs., 2 of ema. o. s. 14th. 1 Snpe. 15th. 1 Snpe., 6 Field Fres. 16th. 1 Snpe. on ground, 18th. 1 Wat. Hen, 2 Lars., 1 Fld. Fare. zoth. 1 Grn. Woodpecker,” N.B.—On the 13th shot I Crow, 2 Lars., 7 Fld. Fres. 22nd. 2 Snpes., 2 Par., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Fld. Fre. 231d," 1 Supe), 2. Par.'a:ions:, 7 Lars., do, 24th. 1 Cock Pheasant, 1 H. Pheast. 27th. 1 Wild Duck, 1 Crow. 29th. 1 Mallrd. 3Ist. 1 Wid. D.,.1 Par., r J. Snpe., 1 Wat. Hen. 3: 1 Wld. Duck, 3 Pars. 5th. 2 Snpe., 1 Crow, 2 Stares a. o. s. 7th. 1 W. Duck, 1 Par., 2 Crows a. o. s. 3 Snpes., 2 Larks a. o. s. (5) 10 Larks a: o. s.—In the severe winters of the last century immense flocks of larks were a noticeable feature. (26) The Green Woodpecker (picus viridis), quite tropical in its plumage, is still to be found in the neighbourhood. One was seen (and heard !) in the rectory garden in the autumn of 1889. The laugh of this bird is almost human, and it also bears affinity to human kind in another particular, in that its object is to get to the top of the tree. 186 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. May ist. 1 Wheat Ear.'” 22nd. 17 Rooks at, Romely. 28th. 1 Stare. oF 3 Rooks. In April. Shot 9 Stares a. o. s. Sept.e 718: 6 Pars. 23rd. At Brampton Moor 3 Pars, 25. 5 Pars. 29th. 4 Pars., 1 J. Snpe. 30th. 9 Pars. Oct. 2nd, 7 Pars. N.B.—2 double shots.'’ 4th. 2 Pars. 1oth. 6 Pars. Nov. 5. 2 W. C.’s. Dee. 3. years 5th. 2 W. C’s, 1 Hre. 6th. 1 Hawk with Sparrow,'™) 2 Snpes. 20th. 1 W.C, 24th. 1 Mallrd., 1 W. Duck, 4 Snpes., 2 Fld. Fres., 1 Redwg. Thrush. 27. 2 Mallrds., 1 Snpe. - 1767. Jan. 3rd. ‘5 Lars.a.o.s. 5th. 2 Pars. a. 0. Ss. 7th, 2 Mallrds., 1 Wld. Duck. oth. t Par. roth. 1 Wat. Hen, I Par. 15th. 1 Crow. 16th. 1 Magpye, 1 Fld. Fre. a few days before. 23rd. 2 Pars. Feby. 3rd. 1 Teal, 1 Snpe. About the middle of Feby. 1 Mallard. (27) Wheat Ear.—An occasional specimen of this handsome bird is still to be found in this neighbourhood. It is still to be found in large numbers on the South Downs, although decreasingly so. A hundred years ago their capture and sale in hundreds of dozens added considerably to the income of the South Down shepherds. They prove, it is hardly necessary to say, like the ‘‘ four and twenty blackbirds, a dainty dish to set before a king.” (28) V.B.—Two double shots.—For the enlightenment of our non-sporting readers we have thought it well to interpret this phrase, as conveying the idea of a bird falling at each discharge of the old single-barrelled gun. The double-barrel was not in use till 1798-1800. (29) Hawk with Sparrow.—Only last winter I freed a thrush from the clutches of this terrible enemy. Jan.—A very intense frost during the whole of this month. —(Belsham’s ‘* Chronology.’’) BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 187 May _iT5. 10 Rooks at home. Aug. 12. I Crow. 13 1 Do, 17. 1 Crow. (no date) r Rat. Sept. Ist. 12 Pars. 1 double shot. 7th. 4 Pars. 12. 9 Pars, 14th. 2 Pars. 17. 1 Rat, 1 Fern Owl, 8 Pars. 2Ist. 3 Pars. 22nd. — I Squirrel, 8 Pars. 29th. 4 Pars. Oct. Ist. 7 Pars. Nov. 16. 1 Pheasnt. H., 1 W. Cock. 20th. 1 W. C., 1 Snipe. Dec. LiF 1 Par., 2 Do. a. o. sht, 4th. 1 W. C. One day in Noy. 3 W. C.’s. 7th. 2 Pars. uth. 1 Lark, almost white.) N.B.—This was the greater Brambling or Eymbleriza Nivalis of Linneus. 1 Snpe. 12th. 2 Pars., 3 W. C.’s. 15th. 3 Snpes. 18th. 2 Pars. 24th. 2 Snpes., 1 Par. 29th. 1 Mallrd., Wild D. goth. 2 Mallrds., 1 Par., 2 Kid. Fres., Fld. Fre. lately, 1768. Jan. 5 4 Pars., 1 Fld. Fre., 2 Larks. 8th. Found 1 Greater Spotted Woodpecker 4 in the snow, which I shot yesterday. (301 Lark almost white.—The Snow Bunting so familiar to Alpine climbers, Not often found so far south, although Sir Oswald Mosley mentions one having been knocked down by a labourer with a stone near Rolleston Hall in October, 1845. I am tempted to add the following extract from Vol. v. 274 of anold ‘*Sporting Magazine,” 1795, Jan. 27:—‘‘ Last Thursday Mr. Molineux of this place (Lewes) shot a skylark of very singular plumage. It was a beautiful mixture of brown and white.” About 30 years ago, a covey of nearly white partridges were hatched in the neighbourhood of Isfield, Sussex, a brace of which were shot by and are now in the possession of my father; while a further bird was secured by the Hon. Sir William Grantham (now one of Her Majesty’s judges) of Barcombe Place, Sussex. (3) Greater Spotted Woodpecker (Picus Major).—Canon Olivier informs me that a few years ago he saw one of these birds at Romely. 188 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 7th. 1 Woodpigeon, a Ringdove, in our garden. March, 6 Sparrows. July. 1 Bittern. Sept. 1. 4 Pars. 2nd. 4 Pars. 6th. 7 Pars, 13th. 2 Pars. 17. I Par, 23rd. ‘11 Pars. in 10 shots. Oct. 2 Sparrows, 1 Green Plover or Lapwing, 1 Heron, 1 Snpe. Nov. 7. 1 Par., 3 W. C.’s and 4, 1 Wild Duck. 1oth. 1 J. Snpe. and 7 Snpes. 14th. 1 Snpe. 18th. 1 Hre., t Pheasant H., 1 W. Cock, 4 do., 4 do. 23rd. 6 W. C.’s, 1 Par., 1 Snpe. 25th. 4 Snpes. Dec. 6th. T Ware: 7th, I J. Snpe. oth. 3 W.C.’s, $ do. 1oth. 1 W.C., 1 Squirrel, 1 Par., 6 Snpes. 12th. 2 Snpes., 1 Fld. Fre. 14th. 3 Snpes., 1 Ring-Tail Hawk, the female of the Hen Harrier.’ 15th. 1 Mallrd., 3 Snpes., 1 Fld. Fre., 5 Larks. Igth, 2 Snpes.,1 Par., 1 Fld. Fre., also 1 Snpe. before omitted. 22nd. 3 Snpes, I Par. 23rd. 2 Snpes., 1 Par., 1 Mallard found shot. 27th. 2 Snpes. 28th. 1 Snpe. 3oth. 1 W.C., 1 Snpe., 3 Jack Snpes. 1769. Jan. 4. 1 Snpe. 5 1 Jack Snpe. (Mem :(33) Killed the last 14 Snpes. shot at), 1 Snpe., 3 Wood C.’s 23rd. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Hre. 27th. 4 Stares, Hebe a4th. 1 Wi. Cz) 2 Je onpes (32) Hen Harrier (Circus Cyaneus).—So called on account of a supposed partiality to domestic fowls. Not one of the most common species. (33) Keen sportsmen will at once appreciate rightly this successful sequence of shots. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 189 7th. 2 J. Snpes. Sept. 1 Par., 5 do. In Dec. or Jan. (1770), 1 W. C., 1 Par., 3 Snpes. and W.C., 1 Jay. 1770. In Jan. 1 Wd. Cock, 2 Wat. Hens, 1 Crow. Feb. 1 Mallrd., 1 Magpye, 1 J. Snpe. March 19. 2 W.C.’s, 1 Hre. 2Ist. 2 Snpes., 1 Mallrd., 1 Great Spotted Woodpecker, 1 Crow. 22nd. 2 Snpes. 26th. 2 Mallrds., 1 Lapwing. 27th or 28th. 1 Mallrd., 1 Bald Coot, I Fld, Fare, 1 Golden Crown’d Wren. 29th. 1 Snpe., 1 Golden Cr’d. Wren, 41 Long- tailed Titmouse, “ 1 Wren, ) 1 Creeper, '*4) 1 Nuthatch. ) Sept.) i 1 Par. 3rd. I Par, 26th. Shot upon our pond, swimming, aGrey Scollop- toed Sandpiper %) or TZrzngulobata of Linnaeus. In shape and size pretty much like a Snipe, weight I oz. I qr. avoirdupois. From point to point of wings extended nearly sixteen inches. (See Mr. Pennant’s description of this bird.) Nov. 12. 1 Par: 13. I Snpe. 14. 1 Wd. Cck. 17. 1 Owl, 1 Snpe., 1 Par. 19. 1 Snpe., 1 do., 1 Redwg, Thrush. 20. 1 Snpe., 1 J. Snpe. 2ist. 1 Fld. Fre, (34) Golden Crd Wren, Longtailed Titmouse, Wren, Creeper, Nuthatch. —These were probably shot as specimens for some ornithologist’s collection. There is a deep superstition in some localities connected with the common Wren ; it is looked upon as a special favourite of the Almighty in conjunction with the Robin. ** Robins and Wrens, Are God’s own friends ; ” is a familiar couplet. (38) Grey Scollop-toed Sandpiper (Phalaropus Lobatus),—This specimen is noted in Bewick as something very rare. It is far more common now. Swaysland, of Brighton, relates that as many as a dozen have been shot in the vicinity of Brighton, but always when the weather is very rough. As a rule, when they arrive their bodily condition is poor and thin. At such times they are tame, and often killed with stones, : Igo BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 2ath. x W.)G: 26th. 2 Snpes. flying, at one shot. 27th. 5 Snpes., 1 J. Supe. 28th. 2 Snpes. 30th. 1 Fid. Fre. Dee. % 4 Snpes., 1 J. Snpe. toth. 3 Pars., 2 Snpes., 1 Lark. 11th. 4 W. C., 1 Snpe. 15. 1 Snpe., 1 Hre. 19. 1 WiiG.;)4. Hare. 24th. 1 Hare. idle wan.) 7. 1 Heron, 3 Larks. 8th. 1 Mallrd., 1 Wat. Hen., 2 Snpes., 1 Par. oth. 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare. roth. 1 Snpe., 1 Linnett, 1 Lark, 2 Larks, 16 Larks at one shot. 11th. 1 Snpe., 3 Fld. Fares, 7 Larks a. o. sht. 12th. 13 Small Birds a. o. sht. 14th. 1 Par., 9 Smll. Birds a. o. s. 16th. 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare. 17th. 2 Fld. Fares, 1 Crow. 18th. 2 Pars. flyg. a. 0. s., 1 do., 3 Crows, 1 Fld. Fare. 19th. 2 Mallrds., 3 Fld. Fares. 22nd. 1 Crow, 2 Wld. Ducks at one shot. 24th. 1 Crow. 26th. 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Lark. Feb. 4th. 1 Crow. 12th. 1 Crow and 1 Rook a. o. shot, 1 Brambling, 1 Titlark, and 10 Chaffinches a. o. s. 13th. 1 Rook, 1 Fld. Fare. 14th. 1 Car. Crow. 15th. 1 Wild Duck. 16th. 1 Rook. 2tst. 1 Rook. 22nd. 1 White Owl. March gth. Lapwing, 1 Snpe., 1 Hare. May. 25th. 1 Magpye, 1 Stare. zoth. 1 Swift, 1 do. July. 18th. 1 Crow. Aug. 12th. 1 Crow, 1 Water Hen. Latter end of Aug. 2 Crows. 3Ist. 1 Wat. Rat and 4 Sparrows, BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, Ig! Sept. 2nd. 3 Pars. 3rd. 3: Pars. 5th. 1 Crow, 5 Pars. 6th. 4 Pars. 7th. 5 Pars., $ do. with Mr. Dixon. (°°) oth. 4 Pars, 1oth. 7 Pars. 12th, 2 Pars. 18th, 3 Pars. 19th. 2 Pars., 1 do. catchd. by a Hawk, 1 Wood Pigeon or Ring Dove. 2oth. 4 Green Linnets, 2ist. 49/Pars, 24th, 5 Pars, 25th. 3 Pars. 26th. 7 Pars., 1 Crow. 27th. 11 Pars., 1 found winged, 30th. 3 Pars., 1 Ring Dove. Oct. Ist. 10 Pars, 2nd. 8 Pars. 3rd. 4 Pars., 1 found winged which was supposed to be shot 27 Septr. 5th, 6 Pars, Ioth. 5 Pars, 12th, 2 Pars. 14th. 1 Par. 15th. 6 Pars. 16th. 6 Pars. 22nd. 5 Pars., 4 Par. with Mr. Dixon. %) N.B. 2 of ’em a. o, shot, 1 Ring Dove. (38) Mr. Dixon—The Rev. Fletcher Dixon, LL.D., at that time Curate of Staveley; later on, Vicar of Duffield. He was brother-in-law to the Rev. Francis Gisborne, having married his sister Catherine, who died 25th April, 1796, and lies interred at Staveley. A tablet to her memory is affixed to the belfry wall of Staveley Church, with the following inscription: ‘‘ Zo ¢he memory of Catherine Dixon, the truly-beloved wife of the Rev. Fletcher Dixon, Vicar of Duffield, in this county, and daughter of the Rev. James Gisborne, late Rector of this parish. Her exemplary conduct through life, and her pious resignation at the close of it, confirm our hope that she now enjoys those blessed rewards promised to the pious on earth by a merciful God through the merits of Christ. She died 26 day of April, 1796. et. 65. A similar tablet to her husband is inscribed as follows :—‘‘ Zhe Revd. Fletcher Dixon, LL.D., son of the late Rev. Joseph Dixon, Vicar of Brigham, in the County of Cumber- land, obitt Jan. 6, 1819, etatzs sue 75.” In company with his brother-in-law, Samuel Foxlow occupied Staveley Hal] after the death of General Gisborne, 192 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 23rd. 24th. 26th. 28th. 29th. 30th. 3Ist. Nov. Ist. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 11th. 13th. 14th. 16th. 18th. 19th. 21st. 22nd, 23rd. 25th. 26th. 27th. 28th. 29th. Dec. 2nd. 3rd. 4th. 5th. 6th, I Par. 2 Pars. 1 Par. 1 Par., 1 Misseltoe Thrush. 1 Young C. or Hen Pheast. 4 Pars. TW eiePar. 1 Par. 4 Pars. 2 Pars. 1 Par. 2 Wat. Hens, 1 Titlark. 1 J. Snpe., 5 Wld. Ducks., 2 Pars. TOW). C5) 1 Par. TW. G.,) tebar,,ebe Wate len, 1 Wat. Hen., 5 Sparrs., 1 W. C., 3 Pars. ‘I Snpe. 1 Crow. 1 Squirrel, 3 W. C.’s, 1 Fld. Fare. 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Snpe., 1 Male Sparrw. Hawk which weighd. less than ye Field Fare, 1 Pign. from a tree, which was taken for a Hawk till shot. 1 W. C., 1 W. Lagk. 2 Pars. 1 W. C. I Snpe. 1 Mallrd. N.B. He weighed 3 lbs. I oz. av. nearly, 1 Wld. Duck, 1 Jay. t Wat. Rail. TOW. erebaL: raw. (CG: 2 J. Snpes. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Dipper, 7) 1 Wild Duck. 1 J. Snpe:, 2\Snpes:, 1 Par., 2 W)C: 4 W. C., 1 J. Snpe., 1 Wat. Hen. The River Thames was entirely frozen over this year at Fulham, which shows that the weather was exceptionally severe.—(Belsham’s ‘‘ Chronology.’’) (37) Dipper (Cinclus Aquaticus).—This lively, interesting little bird may still be seen on the Dove and the clear running streams of Derbyshire. It may almost be described as amphibious as it has the undoubted power of walking at the bottom of the water. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 193 roth. 1 J. Snpe. 11th. 1 W. C., 2 Snpes. igth. --2.Ws.G.,) 1 bar, 16th. 1 Snpe. 18th. 1 Wat. Hen., 1 Jay, 3 J. Snpes. igth. Got a Par. which a Ringtail’d Hawk had just killed. 20th. 1 Snpe. 2Ist. 2 Pars. 1772. Jan. 3. 2 Par., 1 Snpe. 4. 1 Par, 6th. 1 Par., 1 Snpe. 7th. 1 Par. 8th. 1 Wat. Hen. oth. 1 Fld, Fare. Ioth. 2 Fld. Fares. 13th. 2 Snpes. 21st. 1 Fld. Fare at Forrest. 22nd, 2 Car. Crows a. o. shot 23. 1 Magpye, 1 Redw. Thr. 24th. 1 Nuthatch, 1 Creeper. Feb. Ist. 1 Rook. 4th. 1 Wild Duck, 12 Rooks, 1 Car. Crow. 5th. 3 Car. Crows. 6th. 1 Rook, 1 Mallrd, 7th. 1 Rook. 18th. 1 Car. Crow. 28th. 1 Car. Crow, 1 Rook, 29th. 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Rook. Mar, 3. I Car. Crow. 6th. 1 Rook. oth. 1 Wild. D. 13th. 1 Rk., 1 Bald Coot, 1 Snpe, 24th. 1 Magpye. April 3. I Snpe, 1 Wd. C. wd. 13 oz, 10 drs. 7th. 2 Rks, aos. IO. 1 Least spotted Cock Woodpecker. 14th. 1 Lapwing, 3 Stares, 70 or 80 yards off. 25th. 1 Wryneck. 29th. 1 Car. Crow from nest. (%*) (38) Car. Crow (Corvas Corone) from nest.—This appears at first sight a cruel proceeding, but the habits of this bird are so destructive that it meets generally with no mercy at the hands of sportsmen, 13 194 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE 3oth. 1 Rk., 1 Starlg. May 2nd. 1 Lapwg,, 1 Car Crow. 12th. 1 Car. Crow at Derby. % 23rd. Stare, 1 Swallow. 26th. 1 Rk. July 23rd. 1 Car Crow. 24th. 1 Crow, 1 Rk. 25th. 1 Crow, 1 Jack D., 1 Rk. 30th. 1 Swift. Aug. 5. 1 Crow. 14. 1 Sparr. 15. 4 Sparrs. W7s 3 Sparrs. 19. 4 Sparrs. 2oth. 1 Sparr. zand. 10 Sparrs., 1 Red-backed Butcher Bird. (+ 24th. 34 Sparrs. 26, 15 Sparrs. a7 9 Sparrs., 1 Hedge Sparr., 1 Chub, 1 Stoat. (4) 28. 5 Sparrs., 1 Wryneck. 3Ist. 1 Heron, 2 Sparr. Sept. PIst. 3 Pars., 1 Lapwg. 2nd. ‘i Par. and 4 with Genl. G. (+? 14. 2 Sparrs., also 2 do. before. 39) At Derby.—The diarist had several relations there. Tradition says that he not unfrequently walked thither on foot the whole way; and further, that on one occasion, starting forth with the intention of visiting the County Town, he bade his coachman to mount a horse and follow him at his leisure. So literally was the injunction fulfilled, so goes the story, that the good old Rector arrived at his destination before the domestic and the steed. (49) 7 Red-backed Butcher Bird (Lanius Collurio).—This is the smaller variety, and very common in some parts of England. Its name is derived from its custom of impaling insects, and occasionally small birds, upon the sharp spikes of the blackthorn. (4) Stoat, &c. (Mustela Erminea).—Observe the variety of the bag—fish, flesh, and fowl. A few weeks ago I cut the following out of a local paper :— “© The other day a singular scene was witnessed in Tideswell Churchyard, when a cat and a stoat were seen to havea fierce fight. The cat had, however, the best of the battle, and the piercing noises made by the combatants attracted a number of people to the spot. The stoat was ultimately killed.” The exceptionally cold winter of 1890 caused the fur of many of these animals to turn white in this county. (42) Genl. G.— Major-General James Gisborne, the elder brother of the Rector, a gallant soldier, who held a high position in his day. He was M.P. for the Borough of Lismore, Co. Waterford, in the Irish House of Commons, and Governor of Charlemont. On reference to old army lists, I find the following information concerning him :—In 1763 he was Colonel of the 2nd New Irish Regiment. In 1765 he was Colonel of the 12Ist Foot. In 1769, he was — ga a BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 195 15. 2 Crows, 18 Sparrs. (43) 16. I Snpe. 17. 3 Pars. 18. A Raven) flying up hill shot dead and wing broke. 69 yards with very Short Gun. (45) Weighed 2 lb. 13 oz., Length 2 ft., Breadth 3 ft. 9 inches., 3 Snpes. 21. 1 Wat. Hen. 22. 1 Sparr. 24. 1 Rook, 3 Pars., 1 Lapwg. hit by Genl. G. Sep. 31. I Sparr. Oct. Ist. 8 Pars., 4 with Genl. G, Si: 9 Pars., 4 do. with Mr, Carver. "4° 1oth. 4 Pars., $ do. with Genl. G. | 19. 1 Wat. Hen. Colonel of the 16th Foot, and also held the important post of Quarter- Master General of Ireland. In 1771 he was gazetted as Major-General, and in 1772, apparently, he came to reside at Staveley Hall. The following inscription is to be found on a tablet to his memory in the tower of Staveley Church :— “ Within the rails ts interred the body of James Gisborne, the eldest surviving son of the late Revd. James Gisborne, a member of the Irish House of Commons, Lieut.-General, and Governor of Charlemont, in Ireland. He married Mary Ann Boyd, Daughter and Co- Heiress of Chas. Boyd, Esgre., of the kingdom of Ireland, by whom he left issue one son and three daughters. He sustained for more than 20 years the attack of a cruel distemper with the utmost fortitude and resignation, which at last put a period to his life, to the sincere regret of all his Sriends, on the 20 of Feb., 1778, in the 56th year of his age.” (43) 78 Sparrs (Passer Domesticus).—These amusing, yet at times mischievous birds, were evidently more numerous at Staveley in those days than now. In the Churchwarden’s account dated 1770-1, there appears the following item : Paid for sparrows at various times, 8s. 3d.; and again, 1773, for § doz. Sparrows, 1s. 3a.” (4) 4 Raven (Corvus Corax).—I need hardly say that this bird is no longer to be found in the neighbourhood, and is doubtless becoming more scarce every year in England. Possibly this was one of the Ashover birds which Glover tells us in his day (1829) built annually ina rock called Raven Tor. The Editor informs me that Will De Burg Jessop, Esq., of Overton Hall (close by Ravensnest, the ancient haunt of these birds), is endeavouring to reintroduce the raven to its old locality in the cliffs overlooking the Ashover vale. 45) Very short gun.—The following extract from the first vol. of the old Sporting Magazine (p. 33), may perhaps enlighten us as to the meaning of these words. Under general instructions for shooting, the writer proceeds as follows :—‘‘ And first, with respect to his piece, it ts necessary for any gentle- man who sports much to have two guns : the barrel of one about two feet nine inches, which will serve very well the beginning of the season and for wood shooting ; the other about three feet three inches or upwards for open shooting after Michaelmas ; the birds by that time are grown so shy that your shots must be at longer distances.” (49) Mr. Carver.—In a very old account, with no date, of the overseers of the poor, I find the following entry: ‘‘ For going to give Mr. Carver notice of ye trial, £0 1s. od. Gave to Mr. Carver Ios. od.” Possibly he was a local lawyer, although the name is more suggestive of another honourable profession, 196 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 20. 1 Wat. Hen. 24. 1 W.C., 1 Foumart. (7) 30th. 1 Jay, 1 Longtailed Titmouse. 3Ist. I Stare. Nov. 12. 1 Par. 13. 3 W. C's. 16. 2W. C’s. 17. 5 W. C’s. 19. 1 Par, 20. - 4 Sparrs. 24. 1 Male Kestrel Hawk weighed 6 oz. 4, 1 Fld. Fare. 25. 3 W. C’s., 1 Par. 27. 2 Green Woodpeckers, C. and H, 3oth. 1 Half-Wild Malld., 3 Snpes., 1 W. C., 1 J. Snpe. Dee. 1, 2: 1 Par., 1 Pheast. (Hen), 1 Trout. Ta 1 Wisi. 8. I J. Snpe., 2 W. C’s. 9. PWC. 1, W. Hen: 10. 1 W. C., 4 do. with Mr. Dixon, 1 Par. TE 3 Snpes., 1 Par., 1 Kingfisher. 14. I Snpe., 1 J. Snpe. 15. 3 Snpes, 18. W. Duck, 2 Pars., 1 W. C., 3 J. Snpes., 4 Snpes., 4 do. with Mr. Adam Slater.) 19. 1 Snpe. 21. 3 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes. 23. 9 Snpes., I J. Snpe. 24. 3 Snpes. 26. 3 Snpes. 28. 3 Snpes. 30th. 2 W.C’s., 1 Car. Crow. (47) Foumart or polecat (Mustela Putorius). Before the enclosure acts had so great an alteration in the country districts, these animals were evidently very numerous. They were regarded as ‘‘ Virming”’ (vermin), and their destruction was recompensed by the churchwardens at 4d. per head. The accounts at this time have many entries to this effect. In 1772 there is a somewhat startling one—‘' A folecat catching in the Church, 40 os. 6d.” They are sometimes described as Fz/zmarts. I have seen one specimen in this parish since I came into residence, and watched it for some moments through a field-glass rolling on the green turf like a dog upon a rug in front of the fire. (48) Mr. Adam Slater.—He was evidently the local doctor. There is a bill dated April 18, 1828, made out to one Anne Clay for liniment, attendance, and dressing, amounting to 19s. rod. which was not paid until Sept. 17, 1835. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REY. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 197 1773. Jan. 2nd. 2 Snpes., 1 Mallrd., 1 Wood C., 1 Wat. Rail, 1 less Red-headed Linnet. 4th. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Wat. Rail, 1 Redwg. Thrush, 2 Fid. Fares, 3 Snpes, 5th. I Par., 2 Snpes. 7th. 1 Wat. Rail., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Snpe., 1 W. C. 8th. 1 Mallrd., 1 Par., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Wat. Rat. 13th. 1 Snpe, 14th. 1 Snpe. 15th. 1 Bullfinch, 16th. 1 Snpe. 23rd. Fld. Fare, 1 Par. 26th. 1 Magpye. (49) 27th. 2 W. C.’s, 1 Pheast. (H). 28th. 1 Par. N.B. winged about a month ago. I Kingfisher. 30th. 2 Larks, Feb. 1. t Dog Otter, weighed about 14 lbs., length 3 ft. 2 in. 3rd. 3 Wat. Hens, 3 Snpes., 2 Mallrds. 4th. 1 Par., « Fld. Fare, 1 W, Duck, 1 Mallrd. 5th. I Par., 1 Fld. Fare, 6th. t Little Grebe or Dabchick. 8th. I Fld. Fare, oth. I Crow. Toth. 1 Jay, 1 Snpe., 1 Fld, Fare. 11th. 1 Duck, 1 Mallrd., 2 Wat. Hens, 1 Creeper. 12th. 1 W. Duck, 1 Wat, Hen, 2 Fld. Fares, 13th. 1 Mallrd., 2 Snpes, isthe 31 W.C, 16th. 1 Snpe, 1 Golden Crowned Wren. 17th. 1 Fld. Fare, 18th. 1 Wat. Hen, 2 Snpes., 1 Blue Titmouse, 2 Snpes. 24th. 1 W. Cock, 1 Snpe. 25th. 1 Snpe. Mar. 2. I Rook, 4. 1 Redwg. Thrush. 9. 1 Mallrd., 1 Wild Duck, 2 Rooks a. o. s. 49) , Magpye (Pica Caudata).—Daily becoming more scarce. On taking up my residence at Staveley, I brought with me a tame specimen, taken from a nest on Sinfin Moor. Curiously enough, when the pairing season came round a companion made his appearance for several days around the house, but finally disappeared, 198 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 17. Sep. I. 1th. 13th. 14th. 15th. 1 W. Duck and 1 Mallird. a. o. s. at Mr. Gisborne’s at Derby, 1 Wild Duck and 1 Mallrd. do. do. 1 Less Red-headed Linnet at Derby. 1 Stone Chatterer, 1 Reed Sparrow. I Stare. 1 Fld. Fare. 1 Wht. Ear. _ IL Willow Wren. 2 Car. Crows a. 0. s. 1 Willow Wren, 8 Rooks. 1 White Throat, 2 Whin Chats. 1 C. Redstart. 1 Cuckoo, 1 Sparrow lately. 1 Throstle. 1 White Sparrow with 2 common do. 1 Wat. Hen. 3 Lapwings a. o. s. 1 Kingfisher. 1 Heron. 1 Bunting Lark (young). N.B.—Shot in August 5 doz. and 3 Sparrows more, Two Crows, 2 or 3 Wat. Rats, 1 small bird like a Titlark, perhaps a Pipit. 1 Crow, 3 Pars., 1 Raven found dead which I shot about a fortnight before. 4 Pars. 2 Rooks, 1 Jack-Daw, a. o. s. 3 Pars. I Par. 2 Pars., 2 Sparrows, one of em almost black from living in the chimneys. 2 Pars. 3 Pars. and 4 with Mr. Dixon. 1 Par., 1 Heron, 5 Pars., 9 Snpes. (so) '4¢ Myr. Gisborne’s, Derby.—Mr. John Gisborne, afterwards of Yoxall, Co. Stafford, the uncle of the diarist. (41) 7 White Sparrow.—A propos of white plumage, the Rookery at Staveley Rectory has long possessed a white Rook, or very nearly so. The bird is woil- known to many of the inhabitants. A pied Blackbird is also a denizen of ‘.he Rectory Garden. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REY. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 199 16th. 4 Pars., 1 Heron, 17th. 8 Pars., 4 do. with Mr. Dixon. N.B. Killed 14 Shots following. ( 24th. 1 Par, Oct. Ist. 3 Pars. flying a. o. s. Sth. 2 Pars, 6th. 4 Pars., 1 Rabbit, 1 Stoat. N.B. Killed ten Pars. in 8 Shots. Uh 2 Pars., 1 Car. Crow. 11th or 12th, 2 Pars, 13th. 4 Pars. 14th. 5 Pars, 15th. 1 Par. 16th. 3 Pars. 18th. 4 Pars., 2 Snpes., 2 Sparrs. 19. 5 Pars. 20. 2 Pars. 22) 1 Jack Snpe., 5 Sparrs., 8 Pars, Nov. 1, At Needwood Forest ‘3 2 Wa. Cks. 5th. 4 Pars., 1 Snpe. 8th. I Par, gth. 2 Pars, oth. 1 Magpye winged. Found a Hen Harrier dead which I had shot 20 days ago. 11th. 1 Woodcock. 13. 1 Field Fare, 1 J. Snpe. 16. I Snpe., 1 Par., 1 do. with Mr. Adam Slater. 17th. 1 Wood Owl. 18th, 1W.C.,2 Snipes a. 0. s., there being but two. 19. I Par, 20, 1 Wat. Rail, 1 Nuthatch, 1 Par., 1 Car. Crow which weighed 22 oz, 4. (52) 74 Shots following.—Surely a feat worth recording with the old single barrel. (33) .4¢ Meedwvood Forest, in Staffordshire. Probably on a visit to his uncle, Mr, John Gisborne, who spent his later years at Yoxall, which adjoins Needwood. The hollies of this forest have long been famous, and no one who is familiar with the Woodcock’s haunt will be surprised to find a brace of these toothsome birds associated with the day’s sport. ‘ Ona bright warm day be sure to rattle the holly bushes and laurels. T) hey will both be likely Jinds—the former a certain one of cock are about. The thick varnished leaves of the holly prevent the radiation of heat from the soil, and in Srost are little affected by the refrigerating influence of the clear sk , 50 that they offer either a warm or cold shelter for the bird as required.” (Badminton Library *© Moor & Marsh,” De) aah) 200 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 22nd. 24. 26. 27. 20. 30. Dec. 2nd. 1'7'74. Jan. Ist. 1 Fld, Fare, 1 Dabchick, 1 Wat. Hen, 6 Snpes. 1 Dabchick, 1 Fld. Fare, 5 Snpes., 1 J. Snpe. 1 Par., 1 Snpe., 1 J. Snpe., 1 Jack Snpe. found shot, 1 Dabchick. 1 Sparrow Hawk, male, weighed 5 oz. full, 1 Snpe., I Jack do., 1 Par. 2 J. Snpes., 6 Snpes. 1 Wat. Hen, 7 Snpes., 1 Sparr. Hawk (female), weighed 10 oz. 4. 3 W. Cocks. At Needwood Forest, 1 Nuthatch, 3 W. Cocks. 1 Snpe., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Par., 2 Wd. Cocks. 1 Snpe. 1 Wat. Hen., 1 Par., 1 Duck Teal, 3 Snpes. 1 Snpe., 1 Par., both almost in the dark. 1 Colemouse,'*’ 1 Golden Crownd. Wren, I Snpe., 1 Jack Snpe., do. I Snpe., 2 Jack Snpes. 5 Snpes. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Fld. Fare, 3 Snpes., 1 J. Snpe. 2 Snpes., 1 Lark. 1 Grn. Wd. Pecker, 2 Titlarks, 1 Wd. Cock, 2 Snpes., 4 J. Snpes. 1 Mallrd., 1 Snpe., 1 Dabchick. 1 Fld, Fare, 2 Snpes. 3 Fld. Fares, 6 Snpes., 4 J. Snpes., one of ’em Sitting, 55) 1 Wd. Cock on grnd., 1 Wild Duck, This Block is kindly lent by Messrs. Longmans and Co. (54) 7 Colemouse (parus aler),—A pair build yearly ina very ancient laburnum tree in the Rector’s Garden. . (55) One of ’em Sitting.—Through the courtesy of Messrs. Longman, we are allowed to reproduce the accompanying representation of a Snipe sitting from —s BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 201 12th. 14 Chaffinches, &c., a. o. s.. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Wat’ Rail. 14th. 1 Car. Crow. 19th. 1 Snpe., 1 Jack Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare. 20th. 5 Pars., 2 of ema. o.s. rising. 22nd. 1 Magpye, 1 Fld. Fare. 24th. White Owl. 28th. 3 Sparrs., 1 Par. 31. 1 Snpe., 1 Mallrd. almost eaten up by some bird or vermin, I W. Duck. Feb, 3rd. 1 Large Spotted Woodpecker, Cock Bird, 1 Supe. on ground, 4th. 1 Par., 1 J. Daw, 1 Magpye wingd., left. 5th. 1 Snpe., 1 J. Snpe., 1 Fid. Fare. Mar, 3rd. 1 Heron, weighd q lbs. ! 5th. 2 W. Cocks (at Mr. Gisb. of Derby.). 12th, 1 Mallrd., 2 Mallrds., 1 Duck, 1 Mallrd. 14th. 2 Mallrds., 1 Duck, 1 Mallrd., 1 Rook. 16th. 1 Car. Crow. ie I Snpe. 18th. 1 Red-Headd. Crested Female Smew, (5° wd. I9 oz, 21st. 1 Male Kestrel. 22nd. 2 Snpes. 25th. 1 Mallrd., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Small Pike, 1 do. 26th. 1 Mallrd., 1 Snpe., 1 Wheatear, 1 Lapwing. the Badminton Series (‘‘Shooting in Moor and Marsh,” p. 149.) A Snipe always sits with his back to the wind. I watched a wisp of these birds settle upon a favourite boggy spot in Staveley about two winters ago, which might have been bagged in the same manner as the bird in question. A propos of Jack Snipes, the following story was told to me by my father, ‘These birds are known to afford continuous sport by most provokingly settling again and again within easy shooting range. And in the days of the French wars, when French prisoners were quartered here and there in England, one of these little birds, whose habitat was in a marsh close to the high road, was flushed repeatedly, and as repeatedly missed by one of several French officers on parole in a southern county. Time went on, and at length peace was signed, and intimation was given to ‘ Monsieur’ that he might return to his native country. The coach which conveyed him to the nearest seaport traversed the high road which lay contiguous to the Jack Snipe’s favourite haunt. ‘ Stay one moment,’ he cried to the coachman, on reaching this spot, ‘ whzle J have a last look at my Sriend, the Snipe.” We sprang from the coach, entered the boggy covert. Up rose the Snipe. Alas ! for the last time. For the bird was knocked down by the long lash of the coachman’s whip !!” (59) 7 Red-Headed Crested Female Smew (Mergus altellus).—Is only to be seeil In very severe winters. 202 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, 3Ist. April 2nd. 4th. 5th. 8th. 12th. 18th. 2Ist. 27th. 28th. May 4th, 6th. oth. 1oth. 11th. 12th. 14th. July 22nd. Aug. 25th. 30th. Sept. Abt. Oct. 11th. 14th. 21st. 24. 27th. 29 Nov. 2. 6th. oth. 1oth. 11th. 1 Car. Crow. 1 Car. Crow. 1 Wd. Lark, 1 Reed Sparrow (cock.) 1 Magpye off her nest. Car. Crow off nest. 1 Rook. 2 Yellow Water Wagtails, 1 Rook, 1 Car. Crow off nest. 1 Wood-pigeon, 1 Hen Dotterel,'s?) 1 Cock do. 1 Cock Dotterel, 1 Wheatear (c). 1 Rook. 2 Sparrs. 1 Wryneck, 1 Willow Wren, 1 Sanderling or Sandpiper. 1 Swift, Abt, 15 Rooks. Abt. 31 Rooks. 1 Rook. 1 Car. Crow. A Wryneck. 1 Young Mallrd. 1 Par., 1 do, 1 do., 1 do., 3 do. 1 Car. Crow. 1 Ringtaild. Hawk, wd. only 12 oz. 4. 2 Pars. 5 Pars., 1 Snpe. I Car. Crow. 1 Par., caught a Dormouse alive in Stubbing Wood. '*) 2 Pars. I Snpe. 1 Teal Duck, anothr. left in Woodthorpe Dam, 9) 4 Starlings, Lessr. Horned Owl, 5 Snpes., I Jack do. 2 Snpes. 1 Wood C., 1 Snpe. (s”) 7 Hen Dotterel (Charadrius Morinellus).—Occasionally still to be met with in Derbyshire. (58) Stabbing Wood.—In the neighbourhood of Chesterfield. (89) Woodthorpe Dam.—Woodthorpe is a considerable hamlet in Staveley parish, but the Dam is no longer in existence. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, 203 12. T Par., 1 Smll. Bird. 14. I Snpe., 1 W. C.. 1 Par. 16. 1 Female Sparr. Hawk, wd. 9 oz. $, 2 Snpes. 1 J, Snpe. N.B.—1 Snpe. left shot in Woodthorpe Dam. 17th. 3 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes., 1 Car. Crow. 2Ist. 1 Snpe., wd. 5 oz. 6 drs., 1 do. 22nd. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Lark, 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 do. 23rd. 1 Tawney Owl, 1 Fld. Fare, 1 do., 1 do., 1 do, 24th. 4 Snpes. 28th. 3 Snpes. 29th. 2 Snpes., 2 Pars. a. 0, s. N.B.—The Tawney Owl above, a female, wd. 19 oz. 3, A male do. shot by Mr. Dixon same day, wd. 1302. 4. Dec. Ist. I Snpe., 1 do., 2 Snpes. a. o. s. 2nd. * 2 Wood Larks, 1 Sky Lark. 5th. I Snpe., 1 Squirrel. . 6th. 1 J. Snpe., 1 fem. Spar. Hawk, wd. 10 oz., 1 Hen Bullfinch. E Sth. 2 J. Snpes., 1 Snpe., 1 Cock Par., wd. 16 oz, 4, 1 Hen Par., wd. 13 oz. loth. 1 Snpe., 1 Par. N.B.—In the course of the last 3 weeks Mr. Dixon shot 2Bramblings. He shot ata Royston Crow in Staveley ye 9th. On the roth Isawa bird upon a piece of ice in Poolsbrook, which I guessed to be a Chelasser Dun Diver.(©) Saw also a small bird about the size of a Thrush upon an ash tree, which I never saw before, and guessed to be the Chatterer or Garru- lus Bohemicus.) The same day shot at some Wild Geese.) The weather was now, and some time before had been, very Severe with frost and snow, &c., and the a ©) Dun Diver or Goosander (Mergus Merganser).—Mr. Hutchinson, the taxidermist, of London Road, Derby, reports that he received one of these handsome birds during last winter from Anchor Church and Twyford district. () Chatterer or Bohemian Waxwing (Pombycilla ga7rula).—Probably the rector was correct in his surmise, although the Waxwing must be regarded as a rare bird, though occasionally visiting us in large numbers. (2) Wild Geese.—The variety is not mentioned. A most difficult bird to approach. Three Specimens of the Bean Goose were shot upon the Trent in the neighbourhood of Repton in the winter of 1890. 204 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 12th. 13th. 14th. 17th. roth. 22nd. 26th. 27th. 2oth. 30th. 1775. Jan. 2nd. 5th. 6th. oth. 13th. Feb. 25th. Aug. 12, 21. Sept. Ist. 2nd, 4th. 5th. 7th. 8th. oth. Irth. 12th, 15th. 16th. 20th. account of the weather from the North of Europe, mentioned the frost to have set in earlier, and more severe than had been known of some years. 1 Fld. Fare and Redwg. a. o. s., 1 Redwg. 2 J. Snpes., 1 Par., 1 Reed Sparrow (c), 2 Sparrs. 1 Mallrd. Teal, wd. 14 oz., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 J Snpe., 2 Snpes. N.B.—Shot this summer 5 or 6 doz, of Sparrs. 1 Wat. Hen, 4 Snpes. I Snpe., 5 oz. 2 drs. 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Jack Snpe. 1 J. Snpe. 1 Snpe. 1 Wat. Hen. 1 Par., 1 Mallrd., wd. 3 lb. and near I oz. 3 Snpes. 1 Missel Thr., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do. 1 Lessr. Hornd Owl, wd. 134 oz., 1 Snpe. 2 Snpes. 2 Car. Crows a. o. s,, 1 Fld. Fare. 1 Wood C, 3 Moor Game, 4 do. with Mr. Adam Slater, about 6 or 8 Sparrows. 2 Sparrs. 5 Pars., 2 of em a. 0. s. 1 Heron, wd. 4 lbs. 11 0z., 1 Par. 13 Pars. 4 Pars., 1 Goatsucker, 24 oz., 5 Pars. 4 Pars. I Par. 3 Pars., 2 of ’em a. o. s., 1 Land Rail. 9 Pars., 2 of ’em a. 0. s. on ground, $ Par. with Mr. Dixon.‘ 2 Pars. I Par. 2 Pars., $ do. with Mr. Dixon. 4 Pars. (63) With Mr. Dixon.—The Rector and his curate appear to have lived on the most amicable terms, and to have shared, not only the responsible duties of the ministerial office, but also the enjoyments of the field, and the birds which were bred on it, BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 205 22nd. 7 Pars. 23rd. 4 Pars. 25th. 3 Pars., $do. with Mr. Dixon. 26th. 1 Par., 3 do. 28tn. 6 Pars., 2 of ema. o. s., I Sparr. 29th. 3 Pars. 30th. 4 Pars. Oct. 2nd. 4 Pars. | 3rd. +3, Pars. 5th. 4 Pars., 2 of ema. o. s., 2 Crows flying a. o. s. gth. 8 Pars. 2 roth. 4 Pars. . Frithy, ‘1 Par, : y2th; “1 Par: 19th. 1 Crow. : 23rd. 1 Quail, Par. 26, I Par. 27th. 2 Pars. 28th. 1 Par, 30th. 2 Pars., 2 J. Snpes, 1 Magpye. 3Ist. 2 Pars. a.o.s. Nov. 3rd. 3 Pars. 8th. 1 J. Snpe. oth. 1 Woodcock. Ioth. 2 Pars., 1 of ’em rising. I5th. 1 Lapwing.’ 16th. 4 Snpes. 21st. Duck Widgeon, wd. 14 lb. N.B.—1 W. Cock 13 Novr. 22nd. 1 J. Snpe., 5 Sparrows, 1 Snpe. 23rd. 3 J. Snpes. 25th. 2 W. Cocks, } do. with Mr. Rodes.®) 28th. 41 J. Snpe., 4 Snpes., 1 Wat. Hen. Dec. 4th. 1 Fld. Fare. 5th. 1 Snpe., 3 Larks a. o. s., 2 Fld. Fares. (4) 7 Lapwing (Vanellus Cristatus).—Large numbers of the common or Green Plover as they are usually termed are still to be found in the parish. I am somewhat surprised, however, to find no mention at all made of the Golden Plover, inasmuch as flocks of this beautiful bird sometimes remain here for weeks together. Their shrill note and their graceful flight render them special objects of interest. (6s) Mr. Rodes.—Mr. Cornelius H. Rodes, of Barlborough Hall, or some > member of this very ancient family. 206 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 6th. 2 Snpes., 1 Bittern, wd. 2 lbs. 2, 1 Kingfisher. We 1 Par, 8th. 4 Snpes., 2 J. Snpes., 1 Wat. Rail. oth. 1 Fld. Fare. 11th. 6 Snpes., 1 Wat. Rail, 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Par. 12th. 4 Snpes., 1 Par. 21st. 1 Mallrd., 1 Wat. Hen (left). 22nd, 5 Larks. 28th. 2 Fld, Faresa.o.s., 1 Wat. Hen. 29th. 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare, 3 Larks. 1776. Jan. oth. 1 Weasel, wd. qoz. 4. 11th. 1 Snpe. on ground, 1 Jack-Daw supposed to have been taken away by the Crows. 12th. 1 Magpye. 15th. 1 Goosander, wd. 4 lbs. 4. 17th. 1 Goosander, wd. 3 Ibs. 11 oz. Shot at a large Otter at 11 yds. distant (with No. 1) upon the water. 22nd. 2 Wat. Hens. 27th. 1 Wat. Hen., wd. 7 oz., 1 Par. wd. 114 oz. N.B.—The Weather) for 20 days past was severely frosty and the ground covered with snow. 29th, Catchd a Partridge supposed to have been hit on the 27th, which wd. only 9 oz. 4. Two Crows. Feb. _ist. 2 Crows. 12. 1 Lapwg. 15th. 1 Mallrd. 16th. Mr. Rodes gave me a long-eared Bat, which wd. 34 drachms. Aug. 12. 1 Old Cock Grouse, 1 Young Cock do. 23rd. 1 Old Cock Grse., 1 Poot, 1 do. WAH Nee 2: 5 Grouse Poots. (6) y King fisher (Alcedo Ispida).—These delightful, bright-plumaged birds still haunt the streams around. I can usually get a glimpse in my walks abroad of this the most beautiful and quaint of British birds. Last year one of my curates met some lads with a nest of nearly full-fledged young ones. He took compassion on them and endeavoured to rear them, but with no success. (62) The Weather, &c.—In a little chronology compiled by Belsham, I find the following entry :—‘‘ 1776, Jan. 7. A fall ofsnow. The greatest ever remem- bered in this country.” This would account for the natural advent of the rarer water birds, as the Goosander, etc. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, 207 19. 2 Old Cock Grouse, 2 Old Hens do., 2 Poots do. Sept. & Oct. Shot 8 or ten Brace of Pars., 1 Land-rail.'@) Oets a) 17 Shot at a male Sparr. Hawk off our Barn. 1778.—In Aug. at Southprt., 1 Crow, 1 Pign. a. 0. s. Sept. Staveley, 2 Pars. Oct. 1 Woodcock in company with Mr. D. Foxlow ;'®) also 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do., 1 Par., 1 Snpe. before. Novr. 4 or 5 Snpes., 1 W. C., 1 Par., 1 Rat. 1779.(7) Jan. 7. 1 Snpe., 1 Mallrd., 8 Rooks. ' Friday, May 28, 1779. Shot from off a Gate-post at the corner of the Bridge over the Forge Rivulet, in the Sprousley, near the Pastures Gate, an Osprey,” which agreed in its marks very nearly with Mr. Pennant’s description of that Bird, except that this bird weighed only 59 oz. avoirdupois, but the wings extended tight measured from tip to tip five feet six inches and a half. N.B.—The above was in good condition, but with an empty stomach. The legs short, but the thighs pretty long. The talons semicircular and black, and nearly of equal length ; the underside of the feet and toes remarkably rough with horny points, for the better holding of its slippery prey ; the outer toe so movable as to form a second hind toe, anda third forward, as in Owls. Not the least sign of the left foot’s 8) ; Landrail (Crex Pratensis)—The keeper of the Staveley Cemetery mowed over a nest of the eggs of this bird in the summer of 1891. Un- fortunately, although endeavours were made to secure the hatching, the nest was ultimately forsaken. 1778.—This was the year in which the Rector lost his brother, the General. It is more than probable that this bereavement prevented for the time so keen an interest being taken in the use of the gun. (6) Mr. D. Foxlow.—Some member of the Foxlow family whom I cannot identify. Samuel Foxlow married as second wife the Rector’s sister, Dorothy, and along with the Rev. Fletcher Dixon, who married the other sister, Catherine, occupied Staveley Hall in two tenements for many years. (7°) 7779,—A frost this winter lasted 84 days. (Belsham’s ‘* Chronology.’’) (1) An Osprey (Pandion Halliactos).—This, no doubt, is the most important and most interesting entry in the whole register. It speaks for itself, and only the enthusiast in the pursuit of any science or any ‘‘ ology” can enter into the feelings of the good Rector as he watched this ‘‘ rara avis” topple off the post from a charge, probably, of the long gun, and carried his somewhat unwieldy prize home. There, making the very careful description which finds place in this register. What a tale he must have had to tell to his brother sportsmen of this grand bird! Mr. Gisborne’s second cousin, the Rev. Thos. Gisborne, of Yoxal Lodge, thus writes in his poetical work, ‘‘ Walks in a Forest ” :— ‘* And ospreys plunging from their cloudy height With leaden fall precipitate, the waves Cleave with deep-dashing breast, and, labouring, rise Talons and beak o’erloaded,” 208 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE, being sub-palmated, as mentioned by Linnzeus. The feathers on the thighs white, not long, and reaching very little below the knees ; the wings and talons remarkably long and strong. Sent the above to Sr. A. Lever, who received it safe. Aug. 25. Shot 6 Snipes, also 3 Snipes in Aug. Sept. Ist. 11 Pars., 4 with Mr. Dixon, 2 Snipes, Also the Beginning of September 2 Pars. and 4 Snipes, 1 of them not got. Also 3 Snipes and a Kestrel Hawk, And a Ringtailed Hawk and 1 Snipe 1 Sandpiper, 8 Pars. 1 Snipe, and 1 got hit before. 2 Pars., 1"Snpe., 4 Pars. Sept. 30th. 3 Snipes. Oct. 6th. 6 Pars., 1 Snpe., 1 Snpe., 3 Snpes., 6 Pars., 1 Par. , 3 Snpes. with long gun.’ Oct. 30th. Nov. Ist. 5th. 3 Snpes., 1 Wild Duck, 1 Par. winged not got, 2 Snpes., 2 Wat. Hens, 3 Snipes, 2 Larks, 1 Kingfisher, 1 Snpe., 1 J. Snpe. Also before, 1 Lapwing, 2 Snpes., + 2 Snpes., + 1 Snpe. Nov. 29. 1 Cock. Dec. I. 4 Snpes., 1 lost, 1 Woodpigeon, 23 oz, 2 drs. 3 Snpes., 1 Wat. Hen. 1 Snpe., 1 Par., in company with Mr, Bright of Inkersoll. 11th. 1 Woodcock, 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do. 13th. 1 Snpe., 3 Larks. 14th. 6 Snpes., 1 Fld. Fare. I Snpe., 1 Jack do., 1 Snpe., 2 Snpes., 3 Jack do, (7) With Long Gun.—Here is further evidence of the keen and thorough sportsman, being in possession of two distinct fowling pieces of unequal length. Some of these old long guns were deadly weapons. Tradition preserves their prowess. Grey-headed keepers will tell you interesting stories of the old long muzzle-loader—of its owner, ¢.g., being in company with some fellow sports- men furnished with the (then) new percussion fire. A covey is flushed. Bang! bang! go on either side the new-fashioned barrels. But the birds fly away unharmed. Nervously toying with his deadly long barrel, the old sportsman with a wave of the hand (or, perhaps, taking a pinch of snuff from his waistcoat pocket), says, jauntily to his comrades, ‘‘ Have you all finished, gentlemen ?” and raising the long gun quickly to his shoulder brings down one or perhaps a brace (a. 0. s.) as the covey towers the boundary hedge of the field. (3) Mr. Bright of Inkersoll.—Inkersol is a hamlet within the parish of Staveley which still retains its agricultural character. The family of Bright were evidently old inhabitants of Staveley. A Mr. Thomas Bright of Inkersol was churchwarden in 1743, and was apparently buried in 1774. In 1780, Henry, son of Paul Bright, of Inkersol, was baptized. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REY. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 209 1780. In Jan. Shot 4 Jack Daws upon Mr. Flint’s stack. Beginning of April. Shot a Wryneck at Derby. Latter end of April. Shot 1 Rook, 1 Car. Crow. Aug. 12th. 1 Moor Game. Sept. 3 Pars., 2 of ’em a. 0. s., 3 Dace, 11 Sparrs., 1 Wheatear, 6 Pars., 2 Pars. Day before also. 2 Lapwings, 1 Mid Spotted Wood- pecker,’5 4 Pars., 3 Pars., 15 Sparrows, 1 Par., 3 Snpes., 1 Lapwing, 9 Pars., 1 Par., 1 Par., 1 Snpe. Oct.) 3 Pars., 1 Par. at Derby, 1 Misseltoe Thrush, 13 Lapwings, I1 Sparrows, I Snpe., 3 Lapwings, 2 of ’ema.o.s., with Mr. Gisborne, 1 Snpe., 3 Lapwings hefore a. os. with Mr. Gisborne, 2 Jays. Noy: °3: 1 W. Cock. 4. 1 Par., 1 Snpe., 1 W. C. in company with Mr. Gisborne. 28th. 2 Snpes. 178i. Jan. © 5. 1 Wat. Hen, 3 Pars. Mar, Caught 6 Trout, 1 Chub, some small Perch at Cresswell. (7 24th. Caught 8 Pike at Pebbly Dam from 3 to 3 past 5 in the afternoon, which weighed about 13 lbs. Friday, ( 21 Pike at Pebbly Dam, near 2 Ibs. each on an average. N.B.—Caught 16 or 17 of the last above with one and the same dead Bullhead”) in the afternoon, May 18. 5 Trout at Cresswell. Sept. Ist. Shot 3 Pars., 1 Sparrow Hawk flying over our April 27. | garden, having shot 1 do, do. sometime since. Shot also in Sept. a Hawk from our garden resembling a Merlin, but in some respects (74) Sept., Oct—Here we have a more general statement of the month’s shooting. (13) Mid Spotted Woodpecker.—A long discussion has taken place as to the existence of this third variety of Woodpecker, in addition to the ‘‘ Greater” and the ‘‘ Lesser’’ Spotted bird of this genus. The conclusion arrived at is that it is merely the young of the former of these two birds, and has no inde- pendent existence. (78) Cresswell—A small hamlet in the parish of Elmton, famous for its picturesque surroundings, and also noted for its recent interesting geological discoveries. (77) The same dead Bulthead ( Cottus Gobio).—This reads like fishing in a private stew, and is certainly a very interesting and uncommonexperience. The Rector seems to have been as successful with the rod as with thegun. April is now a close month for this voracious fish. The largest I ever saw taken weighed 28 lbs., and was a short, deep-girthed fish, 14 210 1782. 1783. BIRDS SHOT BY THE REY. FRANCIS GISBORNE. different. Shot also in Sept. abt. 25 brace more Partridges or nearer 30 Brace. In Oct. Abt. 20 brace of Pars., 1 Cock Pheasant and I Sparrow Hawk, male, 1 Bunting, and on 29th. 1 W. Cock, 12 Sparrs. a. o. s. in Oct. Dec. II. 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do.,1 Fld, Fare, 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do. Aug. 12. 1 Grouse. in Aug. also. 4 Crows, 5 Sparrows. Sept. 1 Brace of Partridges. Oct. Abt. 6 Brace do., some Sparrows, 1 Land Rail, 4 Field Fares, 6 Snpes. Also 20 Snpes., 2 of ’em a. o. s, and I of ’em a Jack Snpe., 2 Woodcocks, 2 Pars., 4 Sparrs., 1 Lark, 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Thrush, 4 Wat. Hens., 1 Wild Duck. 26th. 1 Wat. Hen, 2 Fld. Fares, 1 Snpe. 27th. 2 Fld. Fares, 1 Snpe. 29th. 2 Fld. Fares, 1 Snpe., 1 Kingfisher, 3 Snpes., 6 Fld. Fares. N.B.—3 of ’em a. o. s., 2 Wat. Hens, 1 Redwing, 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Rook, 1 Fld. Fare, 1 do. Dec. 13th. 1 Fld. Fare, 5 Larks, 4 Starlings, 2 Snpes., 2 Wat. Hens a. o. s,, I. Fld. Fare, 2 Fld. Fares, 1 Car. Crow. April roth. 18 Pike, caught at Pebbly Dam, weight of ’em abt. 20 lbs. N.B.—4 do. caught lately at Caw- forth Puddle, one of’em near 3 lbs, weight, 3 or 4 more at do. Sept. 1 and beginning of Oct. Shot 11 Brace of Pars,, 2 or 3 doz. Sparrs., about one dozen and a half of Starlings, 1 Lapwing, 3 Snpes. Oct (ons; 3 Pars. (2 of ’ema. 0, s.), I Snpe., 1 Royston Crow. 15th. 1 Rook. ri7: 1 Par., 2 Snpes., 1 Jack do., 2 Wat. Hens. 2oth. 2 Pars., 1 Wat. Hen. 23rd. 3 Pars. 24th. 1 Par., 1 Snpe. 25. 2 Snpes., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Par. 27% 1 Snpe., 1 Wat. Hen not got. 29th. 2 Pars., 3 Snpes. (®) Cawforth Puddle.—I cannot identify this piece of water, BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 2I1I Nov. Decr. 3rd. 4th. 6th. 8th. roth, 11th. 12th. 14th, 15th. 18th. 2oth. 2Ist. 22nd. 24th. 25th. 27th. 28th. 20th, Ist. 2nd. 3rd. 4th. 8th. roth. 11th. 12th. 13th. I Par. I Snpe. 1 Snpe. I Sparrow Hawk, male, wd. 5 oz., 3 Snpes., 2 Woodcocks, 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do. 2 Snpes., 1 Wat. Hen. 4 Snpes., 1 Par. 2 Snpes. 1 Fld. Fare. 1 Woodcock, 1 Jack Snpe., 1 Kingfisher. 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare, 1 Redwing. 2 Snpes., 1 Spotted Woodpecker. 1 Jack Snpe. 1 Fld, Fare,, 1 Redwing a. o. s. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Kingfisher, 2 Snpes. 4 Snpes., I Jack do., 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Par., 5 Starlings a. 0. s. 7 Snpes. I Snpe. 3 Snpes. 8 Snpes., I of ’em on ground, 1 Jack do., 1 Fld. Fare, 2 Wat. Hens. 1 Snpe., I Par. 1 Kingfisher, 1 Snpe., 1 Fld. Fare, 2 Sparrs. 1 Snpe. 3 Snpes. 2 Snpes., 1 Jack do. 1 Snpe., 1 Wat. Kail. 1 Jack Snpe. N.B. 1 Snpe left dead in water. 1 Duck Teal, 1 Mallrd. do. 2 Wat. Hens, 2 Snpes., 1 Brambling, 1 Starling. 1 Wat. Hen, 1 Wat, Rail, 1 Snpe., 1 Jack do. 3 Snpes., 1 Par., 1 Dabchick. I Snpe. t Mallrd. Teal, 1 Snpe. 1 Snpe., 1 Duck Teal. 1 Snpe. 2 Wat. Hens, 2 Snpes., 1 Mallrd. Teal, 7 Larks a. 0. s., I Rook. 1 Snpe. 3 Snpes., 2 Wild Ducks. 4 Snpes., 1 Wat. Hen, 15 Larks, 212 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REY. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 17784. Jan. st. 1 Wat. Hen, 2 Snpes. 3rd. 4 Larks and 1 Chaffinch a. o. s, in garden. 7th. 1 Wild Duck. 12, I Snpe. 2oth, 1 Car. Crow. 22nd, 1 Fld. Fare. 24th. 1 Wat. Hen. Feb. 8th. 19 Sparrs. a. o. s. off Garden Wall. ras 1 Rook, 1 Crow a day or two before. 16, 1 Rook, Mars 4.13: 1 Wild Duck. 18. I Snpe. Sept. Ist. I Par., o. h. (old hen.) 2nd. ‘1 Crow. 4th. 2 Pars., one of ’em ano. h. 7th. 2 Pars. at Renishaw.'79) 14th. 2 Pars, a. o.s., 1 Snpe. 15th. 6 Pars., 2 of ema. o. s., 4 Snpes. 16th. 1 Snpe. 17th. ft Supe., 1 Par. 2oth. 1 Par. 21Sta sl COlmetelsarl, 22nd. 1 Rail, 2 Pars, 2ord,, in) Pat. 24th. 3 Pars. 25th, 1 Pax; 30th. 1 Par. Oct. Ist. 1 Cock Pheasant, 2 Ibs, 12 oz,, 1 Snpe. 2nd, a Par; 5th or 6th. 1 Par. oth. 2 Pars. Abt. 11th. 6 Pars., 1 Jack Snipe, 1 Sea-gull.© Nov. 7 Sparrs., 3 Starlings shot in Sept. and Oct. An Interval of six years. (79) Renishaw.—In the adjoining parish of Eckington. Renishaw Hall is one of the seats of Sir George Reresby Sitwell, Bart., a learned antiquary and contributor to the Society’s volumes. (8) Sea-gu//,—It is somewhat rare to find one of these birds so far inland. In the winter of 1888, however, I met with one on the banks of the canal which runs through this parish, BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 213 May 14, 1790. Shot a Jack in Rother, also 16 large Gudgeons at one other Shot. An Interval of three years. 1793. Sept. 14. 4 Sparrs. 16, 6 Pars. 2tst. 3 Pars., 1 Wat. Hen. 11th. 1 Snpe. E2th, a Par. 14. I Jack Snpe., 1 Snpe. (one found winged which Mr. F’. Bodon®®) left the 12th), 1 Par. 24th. 1 Wat. Hen. _ 29th. 2 Sparrs. 3Ist. 3 Smnpes., 1 Jack do. Nov. 6. 1 Cock Pheasant, 2 lbs. 14 0z., Woodcock, I Snpe., 1 Kingfisher, 12th. 2 Sparrs. 16th. 1 Larger Butcher Bird, 1 Par., 2 Pars. a. o. s., 1 of °em Ponto) found, 1 Fld. Fare, 1 do. not got, 2 Sparrs., 1 Grey Owl. 29th. 1 Wat. Hen, 2 Snpes., 1 Mallrd. Were: 2 Woodcocks, 3rd. 1 Fld. Fare, wing’d, not got, 2 Wat. Hens, I Snpe. 5th. 2 Jack Snpes., 1 Wild Duck, 2 lbs. 10 oz. 6th. 1 Snpe., 1 Jack Snpe. 7th. 1 Kingfisher. goth. 1 Snpe. toth, 1 Wat. Hen., 1 Jack Snpe., 2 Snpes. 12th. 1 Snpe. 15th. 1 Snpe. 20th. 1 C. Pheasant, 2 lbs. 13 oz. 27th. 1 Snpe. 28th. 1 Jack Snpe. 30th. 2 Snpes. ®) Mr, F. Bodon. Probably a member of The Bowden family, still resident in the immediate neighbourhood; Major Bowden being at present the occupant of Barlborough House. (32) Ponto. No doubt a successor to ‘ Fanny.” 214 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 1794. Jan. ist. 1 Snpe. 2nd. _ 1 Mallrd., 3 Ib. 2 oz. 3rd. 1 Wild Duck wing’d, not got, 1 Snpe. do., 1 Thrush. 4th, 1 Snpe. in River, not got. 6th, 1 Snpe. 7th. 1 Wild Duck, 1 Snpe., 1 do., 1 Wat. Rail. N.B,—After having shot at another Water Rail, on putting the charge of powder into the gun, it instantly took fire, blew the head of the flask from which the charge was poured quite away, the powder flask also out of F. G.’s hand, but without kindling the remr. of the gunpowder in the flask; knock’d off F. G.’s hat, which was much scorched, as were his eye-brows, &c., in a less degree, no material harm being further done. It is pre- sumed some spark of fire remained in a bit of the brown paper wadding which had unaccountably not been projected out of the barrel, an event which never happened to F. G. in the course of 45 years’ shooting, and which, it is to be hoped, very rarely happens, as the consequences might be fatal. The fire certainly took place without the intervention of the flint, as the gun was at half-cock after the explosion, the hammer being flung up about half-way from the pan. The Register ends with this very exciting bit of experience. That the unfortunate charge knocked off only F. G.’s hat and not his head, is a matter of sincere congratulation to the Parish of Staveley, for, after this very narrow escape of his valuable life, it is still true to say of the worthy rector that, like The Jackdaw of Rheims, “* He long lived, the pride Of the country’s side, And at length in the odour of sanctity died.” It was not until the year 1821 that he departed this life, aged eighty-nine, after having held the Rectory of Staveley for the long period of sixty years. I am almost ashamed to say that I cannot discover any monu- ment, either within the church or in the churchyard, to the memory of one who so faithfully and beneficently served his generation ; but the good man has a monument BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. 215 ‘“* 7Ere perennius Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo potens Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis Annorum series, et fuga temporum.” —Hor. Book iii., Ode xxx. in that he still lives in the memories of the descendants of his parishioners. Many, indeed, are the tales which are told of him whose name is still familiar as a household word, and of him most truly may it be said that his works do follow him. In a letter which has recently come to hand, it is stated that he was accustomed to make fireworks in the small brick building with stone steps up to the door, attached to the old Rectory House, and let them off in the meadows, or at Moor Top, beyond where they could be seen for miles round. People used to say :—“O'wd Staley Parson is gi'eing a show for nought again.” In his latter years, Mr. Gisborne became very feeble, but continued to read prayers as long as his failing powers would permit. On one occasion, when he wanted to preach, just as he got into the pulpit, Mr. Foxlow (his curate) and William Sales (the clerk) gently led him down the steps again, as they thought him too infirm to make the attempt successfully. The following lines, placed on a large plum cake, were forwarded to him by his friend, Mr. Garthwaite, in the year 1809, with which enconium we may well bring our annotations to an end :— ‘* Whilst the whole Isle a Jubilee ordains That a lov’d monarch half-a century reigns, Let Staveley’s sons a pious Gisborne greet, Who fifty years has been their Pastor meet. Take, then, this humble token which I send, Thou best of mortals, and sincerest friend.” I should like to add, in conclusion, that the notes, from a natural history point of view, are by no means exhaustive, and that the incompleteness is only one of the many shortcomings of an attempt from a ’prentice hand to add to the interest of an archzological 216 BIRDS SHOT BY THE REV. FRANCIS GISBORNE. volume. The paper, such as it is, has been compiled amid the responsibilities of a large and extensive parish in those odds and ends of time which fall to the lot of most of us. If it should prove of sufficient interest to induce our local naturalists to give the county volume the occasional results of their observation and experience, it will not have been written in vain. CROSS IN STAVELEY CHURCHYARD, 217 he Building of the Dervbyvshtve Limestone. By GEORGE FLETCHER, F.G.S. Derbyshire scenery. In the present paper it is my intention to trace the origin of one of the rocks whose varied forms give rise to scenery. My earlier papers dealt with the cause of the external form assumed by rocks, the present one deals with the origin of the rock itself. Investigation teaches us that matter, like energy, is constantly undergoing transfor- mation—passing through a cycle of changes. The matter which constitutes our limestone rocks is no exception, and I propose here to deal with this fleeting phase of its transformations. The Derbyshire limestone is of great interest, both from economic and purely geological standpoints. It is rich in mineral lodes and veins yielding ores of lead, zinc, &c., valuable building stones and ornamental marbles. It forms an immense mass of very great but unknown thickness, during the formation of which several submarine volcanic eruptions took place, the ejected lava forming the beds of toadstone which are found interstratified with the limestone. Looked at as a whole, the limestone area forms part of a great fold or anticlinal, the axis of which runs from north to south, forming the southern portion of the great Pennine anti- clinal. From above this central area the millstone and newer rocks have been eroded, leaving the limestone exposed at the surface. The limestone differs widely in different districts, and at different levels. In the upper portion it is thinly bedded and contains layers and nodules of chert, below which is a great thickness of 218 THE BUILDING OF THE DERBYSHIRE LIMESTONE. pure massive limestone, here and there of a semi-crystalline character; and below this comes a mixture of more or less thickly-bedded limestone. A practical geologist can, in most cases, at once distinguish a limestone, although the different varieties exhibit considerable differences in texture and colour; but a simple test consists in the application of a drop of hydrochloric acid, when, if there be much carbonate of lime present, vigorous effervescence will take place. When strongly heated, limestone is decomposed into quicklime and carbon dioxide. Fic. 1. PoLisHED SECTION OF CRINOIDAL MARBLE (WIRKSWORTH), A common and typical variety of limestone met with in Derby- shire is called crinoidal, encrinital, or entrochal marble. A polished section of this is represented in Figure 1. A consideration of the marks seen upon its surface, which are usually white upon a grey background, will lead us to the origin of the rock; they are the hieroglyphics which, rightly interpreted, enable us to read the history of the rock. It will be obvious THE BUILDING OF THE DERBYSHIRE LIMESTONE. 219 that the marks upon the polished surface of the marble must be sections of some predominant fossil which enters largely into the substance of the rock, and a little consideration will show that this must be of cylindrical form. The outlines are, as will be seen, longitudinal, oblique and transverse sections of a cylindrical body, with a transversely corrugated tube running through it. It would not be easy from these marks alone to construct the objects of which they are the sections, but we derive assistance from “weathered” masses of the rock. It is found that when the face of the rock has been exposed for a considerable time, these fossils, pr ot Ay aN @ iii Fic. 2. being of a more resisting nature than the surrounding material— the matrix—in which they are embedded, stand out in relief. This is due to the manner in which the calcium carbonate is built up in the fossil, and not toany essential difference of chemical composition. Such weathered masses are to be found in many old limestone quarries. There is an excellent case at Monyash, from which the specimen represented in Fig. 2 was obtained. The structure of the cylindrical fossils now becomes clear. No wonder they sh ould have been called ‘‘ stone lilies,” for these long pencils might well be likened to the stem of a plant; and in specimens in which 220 THE BUILDING OF THE DERBYSHIRE LIMESTONE. the crown is preserved the resemblance is more complete. Prolonged weathering shows these stems to be made up of a number of joints having a thickness of a sixteenth of an inch or more. As our knowledge of the fauna and flora of the depths of the sea was enlarged by the discoveries made during the Chadlenger and other expeditions, the nature of the fossil contents of this limestone became more and more clear. Forms of life bearing a close resemblance to those described as occurring in a_ fossil condition in the limestone were dredged up. That they lived in eawreee ———— = Ruane,