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THE

OF THE
Natural History Society of Siam.

V ales:

Comprising Five Parts and containing Ten Plates.

Edited by

Malcolm Snuth and W. J. F. Williamson.

(Pages 1to 47) issued .... November, 1918

Nog 4:

No. 2. (Pages 47 to 126) ,, «. Hebruary, 1919
No. 3. (Pages 127 to 232) _s,, ... August, 1919
No. 4. ( Pages 233 to 470) + ,, ... December, 1919
No. 5. ( Index of Species, ete. ),, ic. JURE; 1920

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CONTENTS OF VOLUME Ill.

Noi
PAGE
Some Notrs on Cervus ( RUCERVUS ) ScHOMBURGKI. By P. R.
Kemp. Witha Plate. ... 5 ay 1
DEscRIPTION OF A NEw FroG (RANA MIOPUS) FROM SIAM. By
G. A. Boulenger, LL.D., F.R.S. fn ED
Description or A New SNAKE (OpISTHOTROPIS SPENCERI) FROM
Sram. By Malcolm A. Smith, F.zs. Witha Plate. ... 0 13
New or Norewortuy Birp-Recorps FrRoM Siam. By W. J. F.
Williamson, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ai ae ze 15
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :—
I.—Sore Neck in Sambar ( Cervus wnicolor). By A. J.
Trewin,» ). eal aes
IL—Note on the Wild Dog ( Cyon rudilans), By A. J.
Trewin: 3s: 43

I11.—Oceurrence of the Pegu Sparrow ( Passer flaveolus )
in South-western Siam. By W. J. F. Williamson,
F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. 44
IV.—Oceurrence of the Hair-crested Drongo ( Chibia hot-
tentotta ) near Bangkok. By W. J. “F. Williamson,

F.Z.S., M.B.0.U. ne 45

cs ee Snake and a New Batrachiat for ‘Sinan By
P. A. R. Barron ioe re fi a 45

VI.—The Siamese Names of Some Snakes "By Luang
Winit Wanadorn. ... Pre iy Ppa

No. 2.

Ow A Fourtsa CoLiectIon oF SIAMESE MAMMALS. By C. Boden
Kloss, F.Z.S. sat : 49

A NECESSARY AMENDMENT TO THE DESCRIPTION OF “TAUTATUS.
By C. Boden Kloss, F.zs. ... 71

/ Taree New MaMMats FROM SIAM. By C. Boden Kloss, F.z.8. 73
NEW AND OTHER WHITE-TooTHED Rats FKoM Siam. By C.

Boden Kloss, F.zZ.S. Ss Mae oat 79
THE NIDIFICATION cF CERTAIN TERNS. By W.J.F. ce
F.Z.8., M.B.O.U. ... 83

ON A CoLLECTION oF Brrps FROM THE PROVINCE | OF PUKET,
PENINSULAR Siam. By H. C. Robinson and C. Boden
Kloss. With a Map. : ; eee ti eth

A List oF SIAMESE AND Lao Names OF Maamats. By apa
Gairdner, ©. M, Z, S, hes a its Tr

No. 3.
A LIsT OF THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT
Siam. By Nils Gyldenstolpe, D. Se. Sng bf
NoTres ON A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FORMED BY MR.
KE. G. HERBERT, ©.LZ.S., M.B.0.U. By E.C. Stuart Baker,
F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U. ae cau ea 1
CrocopiLus SIAMENSIS. By Malcolm A. Smith,.r.z.s. With
three Plates io ree eS 2 a
Tre LIZARDS OF THE Res Ss TROPIDOPHORUS IN Pa, WITH
Descriptions oF Two New Species, By Malcolm A.
Smith, F.Z.s. PSS 34 ee oe re

_ MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :—

I.—Notes on two Kingfishers. By K. G. Gairdner.

Il.—Oceurrence of the Burmese -Barred-back Phea-
sant (Phasianus humiae burmanicus) near
Chiengmai, N. Sian. By K. G. Gairdner.

I{1.—On the Breeding of the Toad, eesti Muacrotis. i
PA. Rea, , Baa

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. soe eee

No. 4.

On MAMMALS CoLLECTED IN S1AM. By C. Boden Kloss, F.z.S.
With two Plates. oie -

Nores ON A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FORMED BY rei E. G.
HERBE RT, C.M.Z.S., M@.B.0.U. By E. C. Stuart Baker, F.LS.,
F.Z.8., M.B.O.U. c«e ons .

ONA ane Form ov WuITE-EYE nina ein By HL C. iinet
and C. Boden Kloss. soe bie ;

NoTEeS ON SOME RECENTLY DESCRIBED SIAMESE BIRDS. By
©. Boden Kloss, M.B.0.U.... ag v :

Notre oN A COLLECTION OF ODONATA FROM SouTH ANNAM.
By Major F. C. Fraser, 1.M.s. (With one text-figure).

On Burrerriies CoLLecTED BY Matcotm A. SMITH AND C,
BopEN Kioss IN SouTHERN ANNAM. By E. J. Godfrey,
B.SC., F.E.S. coe eee eee eee eee

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY
SrATEMENTS OF ACCOUNTS FOR 1918 and 1919
List or MEMBERS ON 31st. DECEMBER, 1919.

PAGE.

231

333

—S

¢

P.
i

A")

oR Se ee

elie ac HBR oe a a= a ea aS

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.
VOLUME Ill.

_ Norte. —In counting lines, page-headings and foot-notes are not
included.

77, line 1.

103, lines 6

LLG, Time: 2

ity) &
Sars Et.
1675, 16
168; 47° Te
19%, 5. 4%
PIO,

Pop

Pats thy

333, ”
354, ,, 138

=
Be se

ce rs 2

2G, jy
424, , 3.

aa 4 - 6

. 438, lines 5

For “ siama” read “ siarma”.
and 7 from bottom. For “ fuliginona” read
“ fuliginosa ”,
from bottom. For “ melanocephalius” read
“ melanocephalus ”.
For “ Kulables” read “ Eulabes”.
For “ Secotophilus” read “ Scotophilus ”.
ataus” read “ Tautatus”.
For “ Tautataus” read “ Tautat
For “ Timalia” read “ Timelia ”.
For “ cexxvii, p. 10” read “ cexxviii, p. 15”.

6 from bottom. For ‘‘Kloss” read “ Kloss’s”.

from bottom. For “einnamomeoventris” read
“ cinnamomeoventris

0»
For “ Pan” read “ Pang”.
For “ indochinuesis” read “ indochinensis”.
from bottom. For “cruesmanni” read “erusemanni’.
For “ Woughton” read “ Wroughton”.
For “ Dendrognathus ” read “ Dendronanthus ”.
from bottom. For “ rhiziphore” read “ rhizophore”.
For “jugulareis” read “jugularis ”.
For “ perlatus” read “ perlutus”.
from bottom. For “ Trogan” read “ Trogon ”.
and 6. For “ Pyrotrogan” read “ Pyrotrogon”.
and 12. For “ sparveroides” read “ sparverioides ”.

LIST OF PLATES AND TEXT FIGURES.

VOLUME Ill.
No. 1.
Cervus schomburgki
Opisthotropis spencert
No. 2.
Map of Puket Island
No. 3.

Crocodilus siamensis
Crocodilus siamensis

Crocodilus siamensis and Crocodilus porosus

No. 4.

Teeth of Lepus siamensis ...
Brow-antlered Deer or Lamang.
(Cervus eldi siamensis; Lydekker ).
Anotogaster klossi

Mnais earnshawi

PAGE

88

221
221
221

389

394

456
460

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY.

2ND ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING, 1919.

This was held on the 8th August, 1919, and was attended
by 16 members and 6 guests.

The President informed the members that he had received
an enquiry from Messrs. Robinson and Kloss of the F. M. S.
Museums, who were compiling a series of papers on the Vertebrates
of Siam, whether the Society would care to publish the papers as
part of the Journal, the F. M. 8. Museums contributing to the costs
of publication, and that the Editors of the Journal were considering
the matter.

Mr. E. G. Herbert then read a paper on the breeding of
larks and pipits near Bangkok, specimens of the birds and their
eggs being exhibited by him. He also exhibited a new variety of
pheasant obtained by Mr. K. G. Gairdner.

Dr, Smith exhibited a new genus of sea snake from Singora
as well as other sea snakes and a collection of flying lizards. Mr.
W. J. F. Williamson exhibited the eggs of certain terns with
specimens of the birds.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR 1918.

RECEIPTS EXPENDITURE
Ticals Ticals

Balance from 1917 ... 514.43* | Production of Journal :—

Subscriptions ... 1,230.55 On a/e of Vol. II. No.3 24.38
Ae Fs 99) ” II. ” 4 138.00
Journals sold ne. thee Apu! aha, > sha PEMA ce Dea
i i 92) 39) 99 III. ” 1 354.44
Interest on Balance oe eg aa) dg MEL 59? BP ORO
at Bank ee Tike 1,006.62
/ Postage ive Sage

Printing and Binding ... 26.90

/ Stationery ioe 4.00
/ Hire of room for General
/ Meetings iis * EGOO

Purchases for Library... 61.53

Amount on deposit with
Messrs. Thacker, Spink

/ & Co., Calcutta ce 72306
i Balance at Bank Sey LUGE
1927.99 1,927.99
Bangkok, S. H. COLE,
21st January, 1919. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer.

* Including amount on deposit with Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR 1919.

RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURE

‘

Ticals Ticals

Balance from 1918 ... 731.23*] Production of Journal :—

Subscriptions ... 1,040.00 | Ona/e of Vol. WI No. 2 139.69
i upp snlyy 2 Bn pg a
Journals sold i 97 00° Low 6 o wein TEL ioe ae
—-—_—1 216,66
Interest on Balance at
Bank... 11.95 | Postage gs 2. 1BGSS

Printing and Binding ... 89.80
Stationery es i hae

Hire of room for General
Mectings sinh 1000

Amount on deposit with

Messrs. Thacker, Spink
& Co., Caleutta 25.00

Purchases for Library... 19.43

y Balance at Bank ... oUnwn
/ seldae Ae a
1,810.18 1,810.18
Bangkok, S. H. COLE,
25th January 1920. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer.

* Including amount on deposit with Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co.

LIST OF MEMBERS ON 31ST DECEMBER, 1919.

Aagaard, C. J.
Ardron, G. H.
Ayer, Iva, M. DS Drs Ba.

(Penn) & Capt. 0.R.C., U.S.A,

Bain, W.

Barnes, Dr. M. E.
Barron, P. A. R.
Braham, N. C.
Brewitt-Taylor, L.
Buszard, Mrs. M. F.
Butler, T. S.

Cable, J. A.
Cambiaso, Count F.
Chapple, BE.
Cole, S. H.

Collins, Mrs. D. J.

Gairdner, K. G., ©.M.2.8.
Gayetti, Dr. C.

Godfrey, E. J., B. Se., FES.

Gore-Browne, H.
Gould, A.N.
Groundwater, C. L.
Groves, Mrs. S. P.
Grut, W. L.

Healey, E.
Herbert, E. G., C.M.Z.S.
Hogge, C. E. W.

Jagd, H.

Joynson, H. W.

Lambert, S. G.
Lloyd, Mrs. W. F.
Lyle, Mrs. T. H.
Mackenzie, J. M. D.
Macleod, G. G.
McBeth. J. J.
Mountain, A. W.

Nystrom, F.
Ogilvie, A. W.
Pegg, H. F.

oD

Phongse Sanitwongse, Mom Luang
Queripel, A. L.
Robert, Dr. L.

Slack, T. A.

Smith, E. Wyon

Smith, M. A., M.B.G.S., L.B.C.P., F.Z.S.
Spencer, F. D.

Spigno, A. B.

Trotter, E. W.

Walsh, H. C.
Webb, G. E., B.A.
Weston, C. M.
Williamson, W. J. F., ©.M.G.,
F.Z.8., M.B.0.U.
Winit Wanadorn, Luang

HONORARY MEMBERS.

H. R. H. The Prince of Chumporn

Baker, E. C. Stuart, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U.

Gyldenstolpe, Count Nils, B. A.

Kloss, C. Boden, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U.

Robinson, H. C., C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U.

CONTENTS.

Some Notes on Cervus ( Rucerves ) Scoompureki. By P. R.
Kemp. With a Plate.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW }'RoG ( RANA MIOPUS ) FROM SIAM. By
G. A. Boulenger, LL.D., F.R.S.
DESCRIPTION OF 4 NEW SNAKE ( OPISTHOTROPIS SPENCERL ) FROM
Siam. By Malcolm A. Smith, F.z.s. With a Plate.
New or Notewortdy BirD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. By W. J. F.
Williamson, F.Z.S8., M.B.O.U. Nas .
MiscELLANgous Norss :—
1.—Sore Neck in Sambar ( Cervus unicolor). By A. J.
Irwin. .
Ii.— Note on the Wild Dog ( Cyon rutilans ). By A. J.
Irwin.
111.—Oecurrence of the Pegu Sparrow ( Passer jlaveolus )
in South-western Siam. By W.4J. F. Wilhamson,
F.Z.8., M.B.O.U.
1V.—Occurrence of the Hair-crested Drongo ( Chibia hot-
tentotta ) near Bangkok. By W. J. F. Williamson,
F.Z.8., M.B.O.U.
V.—A New Snake and a New Batrachian for Siam. By
P. A. R. Barron.

Vi.—The Siamese Names of Some Snakes. By Luang
Winit Wanadorn. ... Tee

PAGE.

13

43.

43

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THE

7 JOURNAL

OF THE

Natural History Society of Siam.

Volume III. BANGKOK. Number 1.

SOME NOTES ON CERVUS (RUCERVUS) SCHOMBURGKI.
By, P: R. Kemp.

Wir A PLATE.

This deer is one of the rarest and least known of the Rucervine
group of the family Cervidae, and should be of particular interest to
members of this Society, since Siam is essentially the country in
which it is to be found.

The first record of this deer occurs in 1863 when Blyth describ-
ed the species in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, page 155.
In that, or the previous year, a Siamese Embassy had been in
London, and had presented a pair of loose horns, and odd right and left
horns, of this deer, to Her Majesty Queen Victoria,* by whose command
they were made over to the South Kensington Museum.

Blyth when exhibiting these horns before the Zoological So-
ciety, considered them to belong to an undescribed species of deer,
“probably inhabiting Siam,” and he gave the species the name Cervus
or Rucervus schomburgii, “in compliment to his distinguished friend,
Her Majesty’s representative at the Court of Siam,” who was then
Sir Robert Schomburgk. Blyth had seen a similar pair of horns before
in Calcutta, in the possession of a sailor, who was, however, unable
to give him any information about their origin, and he had put them
down as a remarkable variety of horn of the Rucervus duvauceli, the
“barasingha” of India, with which he was quite familiar.

* This is somewhat remarkable, in view of the fact that the Siamese of
today place no value whatever upon the horns of this deer. Eds.

2 MR. P. R. KEMP ON

The oceurrence, however, of these additional horns presented by
the Siamese Embassy, which were certainly brought from Siam, in-
duced him to believe that they indicated a distinct species, separated
widely in its geographical range from the Rucerrus duvauceli, which
was quite unknown in Siam,

In 1865 two fine pairs of horns of Cervus schomburgki were
purchased for the British Museum from a miscellaneous collection
of objects of Natural History procured in Siam, and brought home by
Sir R. Schomburgk and auctioned after his decease.

Blyth exhibited photographs of these and other horns in the
P.Z.S. 1867, page 835, and at the same time he makes mention of
‘having been assured that a living buck of the species is at this time
living in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris.”

He also mentions in this paper the fact that two of the heads
exhibited had the brow tine forked.

Sir Victor Brooke, F. Z. 8., writing nine years later (P. Z. S.,
18,6, p. 304), mentions having received further specimens of the horns
of Cervus schomurghi, and states that “all specimens were procured in
northern Siam, probably even in the tributary states named Laos and
Shan,” basing his statement upon the opinion of De. Campbell, the
resident Medical Officer of the British Consulate at Bangkok, with
whom he had corresponded on the subject.

Brooke also refers to “an adult stag mounted in the gallery of
the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris” which had been sent
from Siam by M. Bocourt, and which is “that mentioned by Mr. Blyth
(P.Z.S. 1867, p. 835).

In the P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 758, further mention is made of a living
specimen of the R. schomlurgki in Shanghai. This animal, it was
stated, was presented toa European by the King of Siam.

In 1873 the Zoological Gardens in London procured by ex-
change from the Zoological Gardens of Hamburg, a buck deer which
was identified as Cervus duvauceli. In 1877, however, it was suggested
that this deer was really a specimen of Cervus schomburgki and its
origin was then traced back. It was found to have been bred in
captivity in the Hamburg Zoological Gardens between a male, said to
have come from Bangkok in 1862, and a female received from Berlin,
which was also believed to have come from Siam. (P. Z. 8., 1877,

p. 682).

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

CERVUS SCHOMBURGKI. 3

During the next twenty years I can find no record of this deer,
but in 1897 a live male specimen was procured in Siam, having been
eaught by Phya Rachavarinth, the Governor of Saraburi, “ somewhere
on the Korat plains.”

This deer was given to Mr. Passmore, who was at the time
stationed at Saraburi in charge of the railway construction, and was
sent down by him to the late Mr. Bethge, the Director General of the
railway. The latter went home to Germany in 1898 and took the deer,
with other living specimens of the fauna of the country, for presenta-
tion to the Berlin Zoological Gardens.*

Neither Mr. Passmore nor Mr. Bethge realized the value of the
find, and were considerably surprised when they later heard that

the animal was a very rare one, and-—erroneously, it would appear
the first ever caught anl brought to Europe. It is said that Mr.
Bethge was seriously annoyed at having to pay ticals 21 for railway
charges for the animal’s transport to Bangkok.

The rarity of the find was such that Messrs. Jamrach sent ont,
in about the year 1905, a special collector to endeavour to capture
another living specimen. This collector, Mr. Chance, spent several
months in the Korat district attempting to net this deer, but was not
successful in obtaining a specimen either dead or alive, although he
was more fortunate with Cervus eldi which is comparatively common.

Mr. Chance had in his possession photographs of the deer, which
IT imagine, must have been taken of the animal sent to Germany.

Cervus schomburgki undoubtedly belongs to the same group
as Cervus duvauceli, the‘ barasingha”™ or swamp deer of India, and

> of Siam, or “ thamin ” of Burma.

Cervus eldi, the “ lamang’
The following full description of the species, taken from Lydek-
ker’s Catalogue of Ungulates, 1915, must, I think, have been taken
from a study of one of the living animals in captivity in Europe, or
from the mounted specimen in Paris.
Typical locality :—Siam.
“Height at shoulder about 3'5"5 coat in winter rather
long and coarse; general colour uniform brown, darkest on
nose and the upper surface of tail, and lightest on cheeks and

flanks ; under parts, under surface of tail and lower lip whitish ;

* Mention of this animal is made in P. Z. 8. 1900, p, 303.

VOL. III, NO. 1, 1918,

4 MR. P. R. KEMP ON

a tinge of rafous on upper lip, back of head and limbs; hair on
front of lower part of forelegs elongated into a fringe; metatar-
sal gland not described; antlers, large, complex, smooth and
polished ; the brow tine very long, frequently forked, and arising
nearly at a right angle to beam, the latter very short and more
or less laterally compressed, then forking dichotonomously with
each of the main branches about equally developed, and again
forking in a similar manner to terminate in long cylindrical
tines; in immature antlers hind branch of main fork less

developed than front one. Good antlers measure from 27

to 33 inches in length along the front curve with a basal

girth of from 44 to 6 inches and a tip to tip interval of 94 to

283 inches.”

The range over which the animal is found is, according to
Rowland Ward (Records of Big Game, 1914 p. 57) :—

“Siamese territory east and west of the Menam River ;
also Cambodia west of the Menam River south of Paknam Po
and in swamps occasionally on east ; in fact, the inland districts
of the Menam River in northern Siam.”

This statement shews a good deal of geographical confusion as
to the position of Cambodia. His Menam River is of course the river
Chao Phraya, the term Menam, or Mother of Waters, being used in
Siam to designate any large river.

Lydekker states that the range includes Yunnan, and Blanford
gives the Shan States as a locality in which this animal is found.

In my opinion, this deer is not found anywhere in the valley
of the Menam Chao Phraya proper at the present day, though, doubt-
less it was found in the vicinity of Paknam Po twenty years ago, before
the railway opened the country up.

Some two or three years ago when I was in the Paknam Po
district, some old residents told me that they remembered this deer,
which they described as resembling the “ lamang” ( Cervus eldi ) but
with more complex and multi-tined antlers.

They stated that the animal was known to them as “ saman”

(dx u) and was frequently found some twenty years ago running with

‘lamang’ in the open and rather swampy country east of Paknam Po
in latitude 15° 30’ N, and longitude 100° 30’ E. They also asserted,

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

CERVUS SCHOMBURGKI. 5

and this statement I have heard elsewhere in other districts, that the
“ saman ” are always males, but that they breed with the “lamang,”
and their young, when males, may carry antlers of either description,
“lamang” or “ saman.”

This statement rather points to the deduction that the female
Cervus schomburghi closely resembles the female Cervus eldi.

H. B. M. Consul-General in Bangkok, Mr. Lyle, also informs me
that he remembers seeing antlers of this species many years ago in
native houses along the Menam Chao Phraya between Paknam Po and
Utaradit.

I spent three years in the province of Pitsanulok some sixteen
years ago but I never came across or heard of this deer, though I shot
“lamang” in the southern part of the district.

During the last three or four years I have been several times in
the districts both east and west of Paknam Po, and it would seem that
the settlement of this country in the last twenty years has driven all
game away from the more open country. It was not until I got on to
the Menam Sak to the east, in the Bua Chum district, that I could
pick up any news of the recent appearance of Cervus schomburgki. At
Bua Chum, a village on the east bank of the Menam Sak, in
latitude 15° 15' N longitude 101° 10' KH, I ascertained that antlers
were occasionally brought in for sale to the Chinese who trade up and
down the river. I could, however, get hold of no one who had actually
shot or seen this animal, but its existence in the district was
generally recognized. The animal was known to the Laos as ‘“‘la-ong”

(azana), and ‘saman ” (duu) would appear to be the Siamese
name for this animal. It was said to be rather lighter in colour and
somewhat smaller in size than the sambar.

In 1917 I was in the Korat district and made further enquiries
there, with much the same result. At Sung Nern I gathered from an
old inhabitant that he remembered a deer called “la-ong” which had
formerly been occasionally seen and shot but, since the advent of the
railway, he had not seen or heard of this animal anywhere in the
district, although he believed it was found “up north.” This locality
would correspond to latitude 16° longitude 102°, the Chaiyapum dis-
trict of Korat.

In Bangkok “skin and horn” shops, the antlers of Cervus schom-

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

6 MR. P. R. KEMP ON

burgki are frequently seen, but whether from recently killed animals
or not I cannot say. Enquiry generally elicits the information that
they came from Korat, and this is most probably the case, though some
certainly come from the Menam Sak district as mentioned above.

In my opinion Cervus schomburgli is an even rarer animal
than is generally believed, and its habitat, at any rate as far as Siam is
concerned, limited to a small area formed by the quadrilateral con-
tained between latitudes 15° and 17° N, and longitudes 101° and 103°
E. It is certainly not now found in Siam west of longitude 100°
30' and I cannot learn of its existence in the province of Ubon, the
most easterly part of Siam.

Mr. Lyle, who has travelled very extensively over Siam, and
who has always been an observant naturalist as well as a keen shikari,
assures me that it is not found in the north of Siam, say above latitude
18°, and he also much doubts the existence of the species in the
Chantabun district. The area, therefore, within which the deer is
found is practically limited to the above mentioned quadrilateral which,
unfortunately, is a district never visited by Europeans.

The country contained in this area is open, very sparsely settled,
and in the rains swampy. ‘The approximate elevation above mean sea
level would be about 1,000 feet.

Whether this deer is found in any of the countries bordering on
Siam is a point upon which I can find very little reliable information.

All the specimens (antlers) in the British Museum, ana in the
Bombay Natural History Society’s Museum, as well as all recorded in
Rowland Ward's “ Records of Big Game,” have come from Siam, and
1 cannot find any mention of specimens having been procured
elsewhere, with the single exception of a pair of antlers figured in
Bentham, Asiatic Horns and Antlers, Ind. Mus, 1908, p. 88, as
collected by John Anderson in 1878 in the Sunda Valley, Western
Yunnan.*

Rowland Ward states that the deer is found in Cambodia, but
I do not know his authority for this statement unless it was Gray, who
in his Catalogue of Ruminants, Brit. Museum, 1872, describing a
frontlet and antlers from Cambodia ( Cervus cambojensis ), identified it -

* The town of Sunda is about 50 miles E. N. EF. of Bhamo, on a river
running into the Lrrawadi at that town.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM.

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Journal Nat. Hist. Soc., Siam. Vol. III, Pl. 1.

Cervus schomburgki

CERVUS SCHOMBURGKI. 7

with Cervus schomburgki, though afterwards this specimen was re-
cognized as belonging to Cervus wnicolor equinus and entered under
same.

I append measurements of some horns I have collected :—
7 ie) an 1 Sagi BESeee fC cD LL Ol Te Se

Length : i :
Head belonging to on ontside Pa uh ihe Points
curve tip
1. British Museum bealens sero. 53" 177i"; — 9+11
(Record Head)

2. FE. G. Loder shi “SLE 54 = te 124-11
3. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. ...|305 314} 65 64 | 24 274 | 10418
4. IX. W. Trotter (Siam) £04 53 13} 254 7+ 7
5. E. W. Trotter (Siam) 303 5 15} 214 8+ 9
6. British Museum 1 3802 5 158 33 10+10
7. British Museum rT 293 43 233 318 | 10+11
8. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soe ...) 295 380 | BE 55] 15 281 7+ 8
9. E. W. Trotter (Siam) ...| 28} 53 153 203 | 84+ 7

10. Maleolm Smith (Siam) ...| 273 55 ats = 15+

All from Siam and, I believe, all procured by purchase, since,
to the best of my knowledge, no European has ever shot one of these
animals.

Nos. 3 and 8 were presented in 1897 to the Bombay Natural
History Society by, respectively, Messrs. A. J. A. Jardine and
H. Slade. | No. 8 used at one time to hang in the Borneo Company’s
bungalow at Raheng and would have been most probably procured at
Paknam Po, or in that district.

No. 10 is a single right-hand horn and is remarkable for the
large number of points it carries. This horn is shewn in the illustra-
tion accompanying this article, the lower head being also the property
of Dr. Smith, having been selected, in spite of its somewhat smaller
size, owing to its having the skull as well.

In all the numerous heads examined by me I have never come
across a single case of the forked brow tine of which Blyth and
Lydekker make mention, nor can I learn of other observers in this
country having ever met with this peculiarity.

VOL, II, NO, I, 1918,

8 MR. P. R. KEMP ON

Another noticeable point is that antlers which can be procured
in Bangkok at the present day very seldom carry more than 7 or 8
points, whereas the antlers recorded twenty years ago or more, frequently
carried as many as 10 or 12 points.

In conclusion I would state that the authorities of the British
Museum of Natural History are most auxious to procure a specimen
of this deer; at.present they have only skulls and horns. In 1909
and again in 1914 they approached the British Legation in Bangkok
to endeavour to obtain for them a complete skin and skeleton, and
offered £50 to meet expenses in connection therewith. On the out-
break of war, however, this grant was withdrawn.

If any member of this Society should at any time be in a posi-
tion to obtain this animal, either alive or dead, or even a portion of its
skin or skeleton, he should make every endeavour todoso. For it
would seem that this deer is on the verge of extinction and it would
be a thousand pities if it were to be lost to science, before a complete
record could be made of it.

In the preparation of this paper I have to acknowledge with
thanks assistance from Dr. R. Hanitsch, the Director of the Raffles
Museum, Singapore, in particular; also from Mr. C. Boden Kloss of
the Selangor Museum, Kuala Lumpur, and the authorities of the
British Museum, and the Bombay Natural History Society’s Museum.

LITERATURE.
1863 Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 155.
1867 = * 4 cs ‘se p- 835.
1871 Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc., London, vol. vii, p. 349.
1872 Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus., p. 76.
1873 Gray, Hand-list Ruminants Brit. Mus., p. 140.
1873 Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 307.
1876 Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soe., London, p. 304.
1878 % 4. 2 5 c, p. 905,
1879 Fitzinger, Sitzber, k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixx1x, pt. i, p. 64.
1891 Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 320.
1891 Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 180.
1896 Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 1d.
1898 Lydekker, Deer of all Lands, p. 193.
1900 Great and Small Game of India, ete., p. 250.

93

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM.

CERVUS SCHOMBURGKI.

1900 Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 303.

1907 Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etce., p- 248.

1907 Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 5, p. 88.

1908 Bentham, Asiat. Horns and Antlers, Ind. Mus., p. 88.
1910 Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 75.

1914 < By es ie (ea Tip. a7,

1915 hese oi Catalogue of Ungulates, vol. iv, p. 97.

Owing to difficulties in printing, the plates for issue with this
number are not yet ready. They will be issued later.

VOL, UI, NO, I, 1918.

8 MR. P. R. KEMP ON

Another noticeable point is that antlers which can be procured
in Bangkok at the present day very seldom carry more than 7 or 8
points, whereas the antlers recorded twenty years ago or more, frequently
carried as many as 10 or 12 points.

In conclusion I would state that the authorities of the British
Museum of Natural History are most auxious to procure a specimen
of this deer; at.present they have only skulls and horns. In 1909
and again in 1914 they approached the British Legation in Bangkok
to endeavour to obtain for them a complete skin and skeleton, and
offered £50 to meet expenses in connection therewith. On the out-
break of war, however, this grant was withdrawn.

If any member of this Society should at any time be in a posi-
tion to obtain this animal, either alive or dead, or even a portion of its
skin or skeleton, he should make every endeavour todo so. For it
would seem that this deer is on the verge of extinction and it wonld

*“@*.

be a thoncand a

-osy po UzVs
io/Z ray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus., p. 76.
1873 Gray, Hand-list Ruminants Brit. Mus., p. 1465.

1873 Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 307.

1876 Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 304.

1878 és 5 “ 5 ‘; p. 905.

1879 Fitzinger, Sitzber, k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1xx1x, pt. i, p. 64.
1891 Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 320.

1891 Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 180.

1896 Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 16.

1898 Lydekker, Deer of all Lands, p. 193.

1900 - Great and Small Game of India, ete., p. 250.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM.

1900
1907
1907
1908
1910
1914
1915

CERVUS SCHOMBURGKI.

Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 393.
Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc., p. 248.
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 5, p. 88.
Bentham, Asiat. Horns and Antlers, Ind. Mus., p. 88.
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 75.

¥ : io. Si ein A PS De Od.
Lydekker, Catalogue of Ungulates, Vol.iv, pe 97.

’

VOL, UI, NO, I, 1918.

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11

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FROG, (RANA MIOPUS) FROM SIAM.

By G. A. BoULENGER, LL.D., F.R.S.
* (Published by permission of the Trustees, British Museum ).

Dr. Malcolm Smith has recently recorded Rana humeralis
Boulenger, from Siam (Khao Wang Hip and Nakon Sitamarat ), and
has been so kind as to send me one of the specimens, an adult
female from the latter locality. I first thought [ could confirm his
identification, but a more careful comparison, which I have just made,
with types of A. hwmeralis has convinced me that the Siamese frog is
specifically distinct, and I propose for it the name FR. miopus.

R. miopus differs trom R. hwmeralis in the shorter limbs, the
tibio-tarsal articulation reaching only the centre of the eye; the tibia
is a little less than half the length from snout to vent, and the
hand and foot are shorter, as may be seen from the following measure-
ments of female specimens of the same size (1, Tienzo, Upper Burma;
2, Nakon Sitamarat). The toes are less fully webbed, two phalanges of
the fourth being free; the proportions of the fingers are different; the
loreal region is more oblique, and the interorbital region is a little
narrower than the upper eyelid.

Measurements, in millimetres. 1. Z.
PPGat) SONG AES VEMEs 2.scncwdien bese seo veceddpesn. 73 79
BAGG OE OIE oes car ae ae ane vedierscndedtocaciuceews 24 25
We MULE GE heel sco! tae dL Sa et ee 24 25
re tilCL ABS Aue ae Pee ene Rap 6 Re ee® Cee eee ne 10 9
MY Ce uence in cee ss Misen ae SN te A ekn oan waits 8 8
Sateruriitel. wanthyc 6.52. a tall 5) 9)
FUCTTD OLD eine Ah ORS Re eae Te RE REE 5.5 6
Pine Loan ye ts Se chs daca o cae boa cepsen goeents 50 46
BRE ERS DIST os Bio bin fn aaccds Coe oe Sno tS unm Sas ainue's 11 11
AMES fot Laon te ran conde cette destin sen seame aesedaas 1U 8
STi) NS da Pee PEN eho alin OMEN ES OAT TE NAN otk oR 15 12
BGP emt AGEs cates Seiten Jue” Jol ade Maeno 11 7
1 rs See a AEP eR oe 127 108
SEM ae eecred oc ch bad Seam aaa aae Lt heuldane tedls 40 35
Paar ar, ee soc aldakus aeerav en esceees aes 43 33
pinUn ete ae on Se. 8, Sok ot stee Bente pa tvanncpaas 25 16
LN AE Ge akc aa aa re ede he See ROC =r 306 a
sai eto a eaiee | ay: TPP Gi he ths Were hc Pe eee 27 18

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

12

The specimen of which measurements are given is greyish
above, with pink patches on the back, sides, and limbs, and with large
blackish blotches on the back ; limbs with rather indistinct dark cross-
bands; hinder side of thighs black, speckled and vermiculated with
white. Dr. Malcolm Smith says the male agrees in the coloration with
my description of 2. humeralis, and from the fact that it was referred
to that species we may assume that it posseses the same secondary
sexual characters.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM,

13

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SNAKE (OPISTHOTROPIS
SPENCERI) FROM SIAM.

By Matcotm A. SMITH, F.Z.S.

WITH A PLATE.

Diagnosis. Scales in 17 rows, nasals separated by the inter-
nasals, praefrontal single, loreal in contact with the internasal, 7
supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye. Nearest to O. maawelli
Boulenger, from South Fokien, China, and 0. atra Gunther, said to be
from West Africa, from both of which it differs in a number of small
points.

Description. Snout broadly rounded, much depressed ; nasal
almost completely divided by a cleft running from the internasal to the
1st labial ; rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, well visible above ;
internasals subtriangular, about as broad as long; praefrontal single,
large, two and a half times as broad as long ; frontal large, slightly
longer than broad, as long as its distance to the rostral, nearly four
times as broad as the supraocular ; loreal a little longer than deep, in
contact with the internasal ; one prae- and and two postoculars ; tem-
porals 142 or 24+2; seven supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye ;
five infralabials in contact with the chin-shields, the anterior pair of
which are larger than the posterior.

Seales in 17 rows throughout, entirely smooth. Ventral: 183,
anal divided, subcaudals 33 (?).

Colour. Olive above, pale yellowish beneath, the colours ming-
led on the three outer rows of scales.

Total length, 600 mm. ; tail (imperfect) 72.

Dentition. Maxillary, 25; palatine, 14; pterygoid, 18; man-
dibular, 22.

Type. Female; author's number, 1178, M. A. S., collected
September, 1917, in Muang Ngow, N. Siam.

This new species is described from a single specimen, which
was obtained ina hill stream at about 300 metres elevation by Mr.
F. D. Spencer, after whom I have much pleasure in naming it.

The type will be presented to the British Museum of Natural
History, London.

I am indebted to Mr. C. L. Groundwater for the drawing of
the head.

VOL, III, NO, I, 1918,

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15

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM.
By W. J. F. WILLIAMSON, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U.

Of the birds mentioned in the following list, the majority do not
appear to have been recorded from this country before, while the re-
mainder are worthy of note by reason of the length of time which
has elapsed since they were last obtained, the considerable extension of
their local range, or other circumstance. The new records, 38 in
number, are marked with an asterisk (*).

The specimens obtained at Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, and in

ERRATA.
PB. 15, line, 7) for “ 38.” read: *.35,”
P, 24, line 15, remove the asterisk in front of “ 28.”

P. -,,, add after line 22 :—

I -can trace only one previous record from Siam, viz., that of
Ogilvie-Grant from Nawngchik, Patani, Peninsular Siam. vide Fasc.
Malay., Zool. iii (1905), p. 75.

Ao eYO UU ECUUIU Ay UE@IRO LU WEL, IL. Us. rYUULDUU, BIT CULUL UL
Museums and Fisheries, Federated Malay States, for kindly assisting
me to identify several of the birds in this list.~

The following abbreviations are used :—T’. L.=Total length (in
the flesh). W=Wing. T.=Tail.

Family CORVID4— Crows, etc.

*1. Machlolophus spilonotus (Blyth). The Black-spotted
Yellow Tit.

My collector obtained a specimen on Doi N ga Chang, ahill near
Lampang, Northern Siam, at a height of 3,500 ft., in February 1917.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

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15

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM,
By W. J. F. WILLIAMSON, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U.

Of the birds mentioned in the following list, the majority do not
appear to have been recorded from this country before, while the re-
mainder are worthy of note by reason of the length of time which
has elapsed since they were last obtained, the considerable extension of
their local range, or other circumstance. The new records, 38 in
number, are marked with an asterisk (*).

The specimens obtained at Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, and in
various localities in the north of the country, were procured by my
collectors, and ths measurements of total length (where given) are as
noted by them. The wing-measurements are my own, and in making
them I have followed the method advocated by Hartert (Nov. Zool.
XXIV., p. 271, footnote), z.e., to flatten the wing against the rule and
thus stretch it out toits fullest extent. Hartert holds that, by measuring
in this manner, greater accuracy and uniformity are obtained than by
allowing the wing to retain its natural curve. With this view Iam
inclined to agree, as the slightest pressure causes the tip of the wing
to flatten somewhat and thus increases the measurement, at times
unwittingly. Seeing, however, that both methods are in use, it is
necessary to state that the one here followed adds 1 or 2 millimetres to
the length of the wings of even the smallest birds—and, of course, more
for the larger ones. It isa pity that a uniform system of measuring
has not been generally adopted.

I have to record my thanks to Mr. H. C. Robinson, Director of
Museums and Fisheries, Federated Malay States, for kindly assisting
me to identify several of the birds in this list.~

The following abbreviations are used :—T’. L.=Total length (in
the flesh). W=Wing. T.=Tail.

Family CORVIDA— Crows, etc.

*1. Machlolophus spilonotus (Blyth). The Black-spotted
Yellow Tit.

My collector obtained a specimen on Doi Nga Chang, a hill near
Lampang, Northern Siam, at a height of 3,500 ft., in February 1917.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

16 ~ oMR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

Dr. Malcolm Smith, whom my collector was accompanying on this
oceasion, informs me that the hill is covered with pines at that altitude.
The specimen is, unfortunately, @ mummy, as the bird was shot on
the last day of the trip, and, there being no time to skin it, was in-
jected with formalin. It is an immature individual, with the forehead,
lores, sides of head, nape-patch and longer feathers of the crest greenish
yellow instead of bright yellow, but I think there is little doubt of the
correctness of the identification. W. 69 mm.

Family CRA TEROPODIDA—Laughing-Thrushes, &e.
2. Dryonastes strepitans (Blyth). Zvckeli’s
Laughing- Thrush.

Gurrulax strepitans, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i (1889), p. 838.
Dryonastes strepitans, Gyldenstolpe, 1916, p. 55.

Mr. K. G. Gairdner obtained a male at Si-sawad, Western Siam,
in May 1915, at a height of 900 metres. This was identified by the
British Museum, and is worth recording as the only others so far re-
ported were procured by Gyldenstolpe in Northern Siam.

(Iriscrimson. Bill, legs and feet dark brown. Claws light
silvery horn. A considerable area of naked orbital skin black, with a
bluish patch beneath the eye, probably hidden in life. Shot out of a
flock. K.G.G.)

*3. Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Walden. Lloyd's

Scimitar Babbler.

2¢,19. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, September, October
and November 1917.

Males. T.L. 242, 245mm. W. 93,93.

Female. T.L. 220 mm. W. 88.

*4. Pomatorhinus olivaceus ripponi Harrington. The
Shan States Scimitar Babbler.

12. Doi Nga Chang, Lampang, Northern Siam, 4,500 ft., Feb-
ruary 1917. W. 85mm.

22. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, October and November
1917.

T.L. 203mm. W. 83. (Lhe second specimen has been pre-

sented to the F.M.S. Museums, and its measurements are not

available).

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BiRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 17

Family 7/MELID.4L— Babblers.

*5. Setaria magna magna(Hyton). Lhe Large Red-
headed Tree- Babbler,

Malacopterum magnum (part.), Faun. Brit. India, Birds,
U(659), p, 151.

1d. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July 1916,

Tele boo mim. VW. Site

*§6. Setaria magna cinerea (Hyton). Zhe Small Red-
headed Tree- Babbler.

8d. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July 1916.

Teheibos P73. leo aot, = We,-77 3.80), 72s

*7. Macropus ptilosus Jard. andSelby. Zhe Red-headed
Black-throated Babbler.

23,62. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July ana August 1916.

Males. T.L. 164,169 mm. W. 69, 69.

Wemmless” Teli) 155, 165, 166, -170°' mim. — W. 66, 68,65;
67, 64, 68.

*8. Stachyris nigricollis(Temm.). Zhe Rufous-backed
Black-breasted Babbler.

16,32. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July and August 1916.

Male. T.L. 165 mm. W. 71.

Females. T.L. 159, 161,166 mm. W. 69, 69, 71.

*9. Timelia pileata jerdoni Walden. J/erdon’s Red-cap-
ped Babbler.

Timelia pileata (part.), Faun. Brit. India, Birds, i (1889), p. 182.

H_ R. H. the Prince of Chumpon obtained a specimen in May
1915 at Angthong, Central Siam, while my collectors procured a second
at Chiengmai, Northern Siam, in June 1917 and two others at Sriracha,
in the South-eastern division, in December 1917. Subsequently, in
January 1918, while on a collecting trip to Nong Kae, South-western
Siam, 1 obtained three more specimens.

All my birds have been examined by Mr. H. C. Robinson, who
has pronounced them to belong to the form described by Waiden
[Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 4 (x), p. 61 (1872) ] from the Khasia Hills.
Mr. Robinson remarks that it differs from the true I’, p. pueata, from

Java, “in its generally deeper colour, especially the more chestnut cap,

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

18 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

and in the more noticeable bars on the tail, which are clearly seen
in certain lights.” This race, as pointed out by Hartert (Nov. Zool.
VIII, p. 53), is intermediate between 7. pileata pileata from Java, and
1’. pileata bengalensis trom Northern India. My specimens have some-
what shorter wings than those examined by Hartert, who gives their
length as “about 67 mm”.

1d. Chiengmai, Northern Siam, June 1917. W. 65 mm. T. 79.

16, 12. Sriracha, South-eastern Siam, December 1917.

Male. T.L.170 mm. W. 63. ‘TP. 75.

Female. T.L. 167 mm. W. 62. T. 70.

23,12. Nong Kae, South-western Siam, January 1918.

Iris reddish brown. Bill black. Legs brownish olive. Claws
horn-colour.

Males. T.L. 177,179 mm. W. 66, 64 mm. T. 78, 79.

Female. T.L.178 mm. W.64mm._ T. 79.

In the Fauna of British India (/ce. cit.) Oates remarks that
this bird is found in Siam, but I have been unable to ascertain on
what authority the statement was made, and Mr. H. C. Robinson, whom
I have consulted on the matter, writes :—‘‘ Technically you are correct
as regarding your specimens as the first recorded from Siam proper,
though the bird has been obtained from many localities in Burma, within

a few miles of the frontier.”

*10 Turdinulus epilepidotus bakeri Harrington. Baker's
Wren-Babbler.
26,22. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, September and Oc-

tober 1917.
Males. T.L. 112,112 mm. W. 55, Sl.
Females. T.L. 110,112 mm. W. 53, 51.

il. Pteruthius aeralatus aeralatus Tickell. Zvckell’s
Shrike- Tit.
‘12. Doi Nga Chang, Limpang, Northern Siam, February 1917,
I2. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, September 1917.
D1. —, 160mm: Wy 77, 20:
The only previous record of this bird which I can trace is that
of Robinson [Journ. F.M.S. Mus. V, p. 107 (1915)] who found it com-

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 19

mon, above 2,000 ft., on Khao Nawng, a hill in the Bandon district in

Peninsular Siam.

Family PYCNONOTID4— Bulbuls.
*12. Pinarocichla euptilosa ( Jard. and Selby). The
Crested Brown Bulbul.
3d, 22. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July and August 1916.
Males. T.L. 214, 216,219mm. W. 89, 89, 95.
Females. T.L. 209,221 mm. W. 98, 92.

*13. Hemixus hildebrandi Hume. HMi/debrand’s Brown-
eared Bulbul.

16,12. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, October 1917.

Male. T.L. 215 mm. W. 108- Female. T.L. 205. W. 110.

*14. Xanthixus flavescens vivida Stuart Baker. Blyth’s
Bulbul.

16. Doi Nga Chang, Lampang, Northern Siam, 4000 ft., eb-
ruary 1917. W. 88 mm.

Family SYLVIIDAI— Warblers.

"15. Megalurus palustris Horsf. The Striated Marsh-
Warbler.

Two specimens of this bird were shot by Mr. E. G. Herbert in
1914 at, T believe, Samkok, on the Chao Phya river about 35 miles
north of Bangkok, but, by an oversight, the species was not included
in the list of new records from Siam published by me in June 1916 in
Vol. II of this Journal, pps. 59-65.

I have since obtained a number of specimens, including four in
the immediate neighbourhood of Bangkok. It is common at Klong
Rangsit, about 15 miles north of the Capital, as well as along the
various klongs (canals) in the country to the south and south-east of
the city, and I have also seen it by the side of the railway line at least
as far north as Paknampo. All these localities are on the east side of
the Chao Phya river.

The bird has a striking habit of flying up with rapid beats of
the wings to a height of 20 or 30 feet, and then planing down, at an

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

20 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

angle of 45 degrees, with the wings stretched backwards over the body.
It has a short soug of a few notes, which it generally utters while
Hying upwards.

33. Klong Rangsit, Central Siam, January 1917..

Iris light brown, Movth blackish to black. Upper mandible
dark horny, lower pale horny. Legs brownish flesh.

W. 100, 101, 100 mm. T. 128, 128, 133 mm.

43. Bangkok, Central Siam, August and November 1917 and
January 1918.

W. 97, 103, 100, 104 mm. T. 105, 129, 131, 180 mm.

Family LANIIDA— Shrikes.

*16. Lanius superciliosus Lath. Zhe White-browed
Shrike.

1,12. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, April and May 1918.

Male. W. 87 mm. T. 87. Female. W. 88 mm. T. 814.

Both these birds are in very brilliant fresh plumage and make
an exceedingly handsome pair.

“17. Pericrocotus brevirostris (Vig.). The Short-billed
Minivet.

1¢,1%. Doi Nga Chang, Lampang, Northern Siam, 3,500 ft.,
February 917.

Male. W. 94 mm. J. 104. Female. W. 92 mm. T. 103.

“18. Pericrocotus speciosus (Lath.). The Indian Scarlet
Minivet.

Mr. K. G. Gairdner shot an immature male (identified by the
British Museum) at Sai Yoke, Western Siam, in January 1915.

19. Hemipus obscurus (Horsf.). Lhe Malayan Pied
Shrike.

| have already recorded in this Journal (Vol. II., p. 60) that a
specimen was obtained at Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, by Mr. C. J.
Aagaard. J have since seen three others from the same locality, of
which two were procured by Mr, Aagaard (¢, W. 64 mm., 2, W. 68)
in November 1915, and the third (?, T,L. 143 mm., W. 65) by
my collector in July 1916. ‘The latter also secured another specimen

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 21

(Simm. T.L. 145 mm., W. 65) at Paknam Chumpon, South-western
Siam, in July 1917. The last mentioned locality appears to be the
most northerly from which this species has yet been obtained, being in
about latitude 10’ 35" N.

Family ORIOLIDA— Orioles.

*20 Oriolus tenuirostris Blyth. The Burmese Black-
naped Oriole.

1 specimen (unsexed). Doi Nga Chang, Lampang, Northern
Siam, February 1917. This, unfortunately, is also a mummy, having

been injected with formalin as there was no time to skin it. W.
148 mm.

Fa mily MUSCICAPIDA_— Flycatchers.

“21. Rhinomyias pectoralis Salvad. The Crey-breasted
Flycatcher.

22. . Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July 1916.

TG. 163, 166smm.. “W.'75:' 68)

Family TURDIDA—— Thrushes.

*22. Cyanecula suecica (Linn.). Zhe Indian Blue-throat.

83,32. Bangkok, Central Siam, 26th November 1917 to 4th
March 1918.

Males (adult). T. L. 150, 147, —,—, — mm. W. 75, 71
Wbp-0 1, oo

Females. T. L. 150, —,— mm. W. 78, 69, 68.

Iris dark brown. Bill blackish brown, yellow at gape and at
extreme base of lower mandible. Mouth yellow. Legs dusky flesh.
Claws dark horn.

Of the above 11 birds, 8 males and 1 female were obtained be-
tween the 26th November and 5th December 1917, when the species
was quite common in certain places in the suburbs of Bangkok, where
the ground was moist. The remaining two birds (both females) were
shot in January and March 1918, respectively.

Towards the end of last year there were high floods in the lower
portion of the alluvial plain through which the Chao Phya river finds

VOL. WI, NO. 1, 1918.

22 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON |

its way to the sea at the head of the Gulf of Siam, and the country
round Bangkok, for a very considerable distance, was accordingly under
water for several weeks. I first observed these birds on the 25th No-
vember, when the floods were subsiding, and the roads in the suburbs
again became usable by pedestrians. In walking along the Wireless
Station road that evening, L noticed a number of small brown birds on
the ground by the roadside, which struck me as being unfamiliar.
They had the regular robin-like quick run for a few feet, with the habit
of elevating the tail at the end of each short course. The ditches on
both sides, and the fields beyond, were still brimful of water—the former
being choked with Java weed. There must have been quite a dozen
birds within a space of a quarter of a mile, and they seemed very
tame—either flitting on a few yards when I got too near, or circling off
over the flooded fields to get back to the road behind. Once or twice
they flew on to the picked Java we'd, ora roadside bush. I had no
gun with me at the time, but the next morning I went there again
and obtained four specimens, as well as others on later dates. I also
procured three, early in December, on the Racecourse at the Sports
Club, where the conditions of the ground, and the proximity of flood
water, were similar. The birds obtained in January and March 1918
were shot by my collectors at other places in the neighbourhood, and
they reportedthat they were found on moist ground. Neither I nor
my collectors had ever come across the species before. It is, of course,
only a winter visitor to this part of the world.

The blue throat of the males (whence the bird gets its English
name) is exceedingly attractive, but unfortunately, owing to its
ground-feeding habits, this feature cannot be appreciated until a

specimen is obtained.
Family PRINGILLIDM—Finches.

25. Emberiza rutila Pall. Zhe Chestnut Bunting.

This species was included by Mr. K. G. Gairdner in his list of
birds from the Ratburi and Petchaburi districts (Vol. i., p. 149 of this
Journal), As no other collector appears to have obtained it, it may be
worth recording that Mr. Gairdner informs me that his specimen (¢)
was shot at Sai Yoke, Western Siam, in January 1915, out of a large

flock in elephant grass.

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 23

Family HIRUNDINIDA—Swallows.

*24. Hypurolepsis javanica (Sparrm.),? subsp. The
(2? Malay) House-Swallow.

Hirundo javanica (part.), Faun. Brit. India, Birds, ii (1890), p. 279.

2d. Koh Si Chang and Koh Phai, Inner Gulf of Siam,
May 1918.

22. Koh Phra, Inner Gulf of Siam, May 1918.

Males. “T.L. 184,117 mm. W. 106, 105.

Females. T. L. 130,130 mm. W. 104, 98.

Iris dark brown. Bill black. Legs dark purplish brown.
Claws black.

These specimens were obtained during a short trip down the
Gulf, which I made mainly for the purpose of settling the identity of
the Swallows which I knew were breeding on one or more of the islands
down there. [had previously had eggs sent to me from Koh Phai, in
June 1917, and from Koh Phra, in March and April 1918, and on this
trip I obtained a clutch of four from the latter island—the nest being
in a small cave on the rocky shore. Ihave no doubt that the eggs
belonged to this species. The spécimen shot on Koh Phai was flying
about in company with Hirundo rustica gutturalis (The Eastern Swal-
all females——but I found no

low), of which I obtained three examples
nests there, although it was from this island that ] had obtained a
clutch the previous year,a month later. At Koh Si Chang and Koh
Phai I only observed Hypurolepsis javanica. When at close quarters,
on the wing, it is easily distinguished from Hirundo r. gutturalis by
its ashy, instead of white or pale chestnut, abdomen.

*25. Hirundo striolata Temm. Zhe Japanese Striated

Swallow.
12. Chiengmai, Northern Siam, June 1917. W. 127 mm.

Family NECTARINIDA—Sun-birds.

*26. Aethopyga sanguinipectus Wald. Walden’s Yellow-

backed Sun-bird.
Id. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, October 1918.

VOL. II, NO. I, 1918.

24 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

Family PLT7IDA!— Pittas.

*27. Pitta nipalensis oatesi(Hume). The Fulvous Pitta.

Pitta oatesi, Faun. Brit. India, Birds, ii (1830), p. 390.

1d juv. Muang Wang, Northern Siam, September 1917.

T. L.190mm. W. 110.

Mr. H. ©. Robinson, to whom the specimen was submitted for
opinion, remarks :—‘‘ A very young bird, but almost certainly this
form.” The forehead, crown and hind-neck have whitish shaft stripes ;
the feathers of the back, rump, scapulars and upper wing-coverts,
fulvous to whitish sub-terminal spots ; the sides of the head, throat and
lower abdomen are whitish with a pink tinge, interspersed with dark
brown ; and the breast and upper abdomen have terminal whitish spots.

Family ZOS7EROPIDA— White-eyes.

*28. Zosterops aureiventer Hume. //ume’s White-eye.
11¢,62%. Meklong, Central Siam, January and February 1918,
Males. T.L. 110—115 (average 111.5) mm. W. 49—54 (aver-
age 52).
Females, T.L. (all specimens) 110 mm. W. 51—53 (aver-
age 52).
My collector reports that he found this bird very common on
coconut palms, which were then in flower.

Family CAPITONIDA!— Barbets,

29. Chotorhea versicolor (Raflles). The Many-coloured
Barbet.

53,32. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, October 1915 and July
1916.

Males. T.L.—, —,; —, 277, 278 mm. W. 1215, 119, 120,708

Females. T.L. 279, 271, 269 mm. W. 120,119, 114 (subad.).

This bird has been recorded by Robinson and Kloss from Trang,
which is also in Peninsular Siam (Ibis, 1911, p. 43), but as no parti-
culars are given, the above details may be of interest.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 25

Family PICID.A— Woodpeckers,

30. Miglyptes grammithorax ( Malh.}. The Fulvous-
rumped Barred Woodpecker.

3¢,12. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, November 1915 and
July 1916.

Males. T.L. —, 185,184 mm. W. 97, 95, 95.

Female. T.L.175 mm. W. 97.

Ogilvie-Grant has recorded this bird from Bukit Besar, Nawng
Chik, Patani (Fase. Malay., Zool. iii (1905), p. 98), and Robinson and
Kloss from Trang (Ibis, 1911, p.46). Mr. IX. G. Gairdner also ob-
tained a specimen at Sai Yoke, Western Siam, in April 1915 (identi-
fied by the British Museum), in evergreen jungle. The last-mention-
ed record marks a considerable northward extension of the local habitat
of the bird—Sai Yoke being in Lat. 14’. 23’ N., or about 7 degrees
north ot Trang. This woodpecker is essentially a Malayan form, and,
according to Blanford (Faun. Brit. India, Birds, iii (1895), p. 53), ex-
tends northwards into Tenasserim about as far as Tavoy, which (it

may be noted) is in approximately the same latitude as Sai Yoke.

Family CUCULIDA— Cuckoos.

31. Chalcococcyx xanthorhyachus (Horsf.). Zhe Violet
Cuckoo.

Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus, Faun. Brit. India, Birds, iii (1895),
p- 221.

Chaleococcyx xanthorhynchus, Ogilvie-Grant, Fasc. Malay., Zool.
ili (1905), p. 105 ; Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1911, p. 41.

13 ad. Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, August 1916.

fi. 181 mm.) Wi 101,

1d imm. Bangkok, Central Siam, March 1918.

T.L. 165 mm... W. 99.

Iris lightish brown. Base of bill and gape reddish orange,
remainder dusky to dark horn. Mouth reddish orange. Eyelids red-
dish orange. Legs dusky green. Claws dark horn.

The only previous records I can trace are those of Ogilvie-Grant
and of Robinson and Kloss, above-mentioned, and it is to be noted that
the specimens concerned were all obtained in various localities in
Peninsular Siam. ‘The last named authors say that the species is rare

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

28 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

about 25 miles south-east of Bangkok, a few feet above sea-level, cover-
ed with coarse grass, and intersected with canals which finally drain
into the head of the Gulf of Siam. There are a few trees at intervals
along the canal banks, and round the villages which occur here and
there. Until last year I had never observed the bird in the actual
vicinity of Bangkok, and it may have been attracted by the flooded
condition of the country round the city, to which reference has already
been made, vide pp. 21 and 22. When in the air, it is noticeable as a
dark, heavily-built bird, with a large head and rather short neck.

37. Butastur indicus (Gmel.). The Grey-faced Buz-
zard-Kagle.

12 imm. Rayong, South-eastern Siam, November 1915. W.
320 mm.

1d ad., 12 ad. Bangkok, Central Siam, February and March
1918.

Male. T.L. 419 mm. W. 317. Female. T.L. 482 mm. W. 330,

Iris yellow. Upper mandible and terminal half of lower
black. Base of lower mandible orange-yellow (male), grey ( female ).
Gape and cere orange-yellow. Legs and feet yellow. Claws black.

There appears to be no previous record of the occurrence of this
bird in what is now Siamese territory, though Robinson and Kloss
procured a couple of specimens in 1907 and the early part of 1909
(Ibis, 1911, p. 23), from the Langkawi Islands (on the west coast of
the Malay Peninsula), which were then under the suzerainty of Siam.
These islands were ceded to Great Britain in the latter of the two years
mentioned, together with the State of Kedah, on the adjacent mainland.

38. Butastur liventer (Temm.). Zhe Lufous-winged
Buzzard-Hagle.

1d imm. Koh Yai ( Samkok), Central Siam, July 1917.

T.L. 370 mm. W. 268.

Iris brown. Terminal two-thirds of upper mandible and tip of
lower, dark brown ; remainder of bill and cere deep yellow. Legs yellow.
Claws black.

Blanford (Faun. Brit. India, Birds, iii (1895), p. 365) says this
species is “ found also in Siam "the other countries mentioned be-
ing Burma, Borneo, Java and the Celebes. It does not appear to have

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 29

been procured by any recent collector.

*39. Circus spilonotus Kaup. The LKastern Maursh-
Hlarvrier.

1d. Bangkok, Central Siam, December 1917.

Iris yellow. Bill black, base and gape bluish slate. Cere yel-
lowish green. Mouth bluish slate. Legs bright yellow. Claws black.

23. Tachin, Central Siam, January 1918.

TL. 583, —, — mm. W. 403, 418, 398.

40. Astur soloensis (Horsf.). Horsjield’s Short-toed
Hawk.

Accipiter soloensis, Gyldenstolpe, 1916, p. 125.

1d. Satahip, South-eastern Siam, October 1914.

Iris reddish brown. Cere orange. Bill dark horny, plumbeous
at base of upper mandible and dull- yellowish horn at base of lower.
Legs orange-yellow. Claws black.

Vda, 292 sam, VW ..197.

Robinson and Kloss record a specimen (Ibis, 1911, p. 22) ob-
tained on the Langkawi Islands on the west coast of the Malay Penin-
sula, in December 1907. As already mentioned ( antea, p. 28), these
islands passed out of the possession of Siam in 1909. The authors
quoted observe that Astur soloensis is very rare in the Malay Penin-
sula, and the same is evidently the case in this country, as the only
specimen hitherto recorded from what is now Siamese territory appears
to be that obtained by Gyldenstolpe in Northern Siam.

Blanford ( Faun. Brit. India, Birds, ui (1905), p. 400) states
that a specimen shot by Bingham had been feeding on lizards and frogs.
The stomach of the one obtained by me was full of the remains of
insects.

*41. Accipiter nisus (Linn.),? subsp. Zhe Sparrow
Hawk.

22 subad. Bangkok, Central Siam, March and April 1918.

Tris rich yellow. Bill black, bluish grey at base. Cere yel-
lowish green. Mouth blnish slate. Tarsus dull greenish. Feet dull
yellow. Claws black. (In the second specimen, the cere was green-
ish, and the legs and feet pale yellow, with the exception of the tarsus,

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

30 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

which was greenish in front only.)

T.L. 406, 394 mm. W. 252, 242.

Mr. H. ©. Robinson, to whom these specimens were submitted,
remarks that they are rather to» pale for the Himalayan form (Accipit-
er nisus melanoschistus Hume) of the ordinary Enropean Sparrow-Hawk,
and are probably migrant specimens of some Chinese race.

Both specimens were obtained in the bare, dry rice-fields south
of Sathorn Road. In the case of the first one, my collector reports
that he had just shot a Red-throated Pipit (Anthus cervinus), on the
ground, when the hawk suddenly swooped on it from the air, and car-
ried it off to a tree to devour, The man followed the hawk to the

tree and shot it there.
-*42. Falco peregrinus calidus Lath. Zhe Hastern Pere-
grine Falcon,

12 subad. Bangkok, Central Siam, December 1917.

Iris dark brown. Bill bluish grey at base, passing into black-
ish at tip. Cere, eyelids and skin round eyes greenish grey. Legs
yellow. Claws black.

T.L. 457 mm. W. 325.

Family COLUMBIDM®—lgeons and Doves.

43. Columba livia intermedia Strick]. Zhe Indian
Blue Rock-Pigeon.

Columba intermedia, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, iv (1898), p. 29°

Barton (Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, i, p. 108), in his “ Short
List of Birds from the Raheng District,” observes:—‘ Kept by priests
in Raheng Wats (Temples), I have not seen them wild, but they must
be found in suitable places.”

H.R. H. the Prince of Chumporn has sent me a specimen shot
by him in May 1915 at Muang Singh, in Central Siam (W. 212. mm.),
and another (¢), procured at Chainat, also in Central Siam (W. 210),
in February 1917. Subsequently, my collector shot one at Tachin,
in January 1918, and two in the immediate vicinity of Bangkok, in
May and July 1918, of which list three the measurements are as

follows :—

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 31

beta Toi 320 mm. W. 215.

2 Pet. 5a0.— wes We 215, 220.

Iris brownish orange. Bill black, whitish at base of upper
mandible. Legs Jake-red. Claws dark horn.

According to Blanford (loc. cit. supra; this subspecies of the
Blue Rock-Pigeon of Europe has a wing measuring 9 inches (228.6
mm.), whereas the wings of the five specimens above mentioned range
from 219 to 220 mm., with an average of about 214.4 mm., or under
84 inches. This fact made me somewhat doubtful whether the birds
were genuine wild specimens, or semi-domesticated individuals. I
have, however, submitted them to Mr. H. C. Robinson for examination;
and he writes :—‘ 1 see no reason why your birds should not be con-
sidered as this form, which has been recorded from ‘Siam’ by
Schomburgk, and from Salanga f by Darling.” Personally, I am still
doubtful of the five specimens here recorded, and I include them in
this list with all reserve.

44. Alsocomus puniceus Tickell. Zhe Purple lWood-
Pigeon.

Alsocomus puniceus, Gairdner, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 1,
pp. 39 and 151 ; Gyldenstolpe, 1916, p. 151 ; Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 83.

2S. Koh Phra, Inner Gulf of Siam, March 1918.

T. L. 885, 880 mm. W. 223, 216.

The authors above quoted obtained their specimens in the
Western and South-western divisions of the country, whereas mine
were procured on a small island off the coast on the eastern side of the
Inner Gulf of Siam.

*45. Macropygia ruficeps (Temm.). Z’he Litile Malay
Cuckoo- Dove.

Mr. K. G. Gairdner obtained a specimen of this small long-
tailed dove near Raheng, in the northern part of Central Siam, at a
height of 1500 ft. in May 1917.

(Length 134”. Tail 65”. Iris brown. Tarsus red. Bill
fleshy, K. G. G.)

+ Salanga, of the old authors, is the Siamese island of Puket, off the
west coast of the Malay Peninsula, ‘Yo the inhabitants of British Malaya it is
now known as Tongkah.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

32 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

My collector subsequently procured two, in September 1917, in
the district of Muang Wang, Northern Siam.
2d imm. T. L. 295, 252 mm. W. 148,137.

Family PHASIANID®—Pheasants, Partridges, ete.,

46. Arboricola brunneipectus Tick. The Brown-breasted
Lill- Partridge.

Arboricola brunneipectus, Gyldenstolpe, 1916, p. 156.

Gyldenstolpe’s specimen was obtained at Doi Vieng Par, a
mountain in North-western Siam, but it was, he states, too badly
damaged to be preserved and could only be used for identification.
He adds, “The Brown-breasted Hill-Partridge is only to be found
among the mountains of Northern Siam.”

In view of this statement it may be noted that Mr. K. G.
Gairdner procured a specimen (identified by the British Museum) at Sai
Yoke, Western Siam, in March 1915, at an elevation of 800 metres.

Family HELIORNITHID&“-—finfeet.

47. Heliopais personata (Gray). Zhe Masked Finfoot.

1d. Muang Khlung, Chantaboon, South-eastern Siam, May
1917. W. 268 mm.

This specimen was procured by my collector, who, unfor-
tunately, was incapable of noting the colours of the soft parts.
Muang Khlung, the locality where it was obtained, is a coastal
district about 12 miles south-east of the town of Chantaburi.

Bonhote’s example from Jalor, Patani, in 1899 (P. Z. 8., 1901,
p. 79), and that of Robinson from Koh Pennan, an island in the
Bight of Bandon, in 1913 (Journ. Fed. Mal. States Mus., v, No. 3
(1915), p. 141 ) appear to be the only previous records of this rare bird
from Siam. Both these localities are in Peninsular Siam, on the
opposite side of the Gulf to that on which my specimen was obtained.

Family RALLIDM—Rails, Crakes, etc.
48. Porzana pusilla (Pall.). Zhe Lastern Crake.
Bonhote (P. Z. 8., 1901, p. 79) records a specimen obtained by

the Skeat Expedition at Patelung, Peninsular Siam, in April 1899.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 33

No further examples appear to have been procured in this
country until January 1917, when Major-General E. W. Trotter, of
the Gendarmerie, while on tour at Minburi, about 15 miles east-
north-east of Bangkok, had ten of these birds brought to him alive,
which had just been caught in nets among high grass. He kindly
gave me four for my collection, and put the rest into his aviary.

Subsequently, I obtained four more in October 1917 from the
immediate outskirts of Bangkok, of which one was shot by Major
C. H. Forty, of the Gendarmerie, at the Sports Club, two by Mr. J. J.
McBeth at the “ Ditches,” east of the Wireless Station, and the fourth
by my collector at the last mentioned place. They were all shot out of
longish grass.

3d ad., 26 imm., 22 ad.

Males (adult). W. 87, 90,91 mm. Females. W. 88, 90 mm.

Iris bright brick-red. Bill dull green, darker on culmen.
Legs olive-green. Claws horn-colour.

Family OEDIONEMIDA—Stone-Plovers.

*49. Qedicnemus scolopax (S. G. Gmel.). The Stone-
Plover.

H. R. H. the Prince of Chumpon obtained a specimen ( W. 215
mm.) at Sena Yai, Krung Kao, Central Siam, in February 1916, while
I procured another in the fields between Klong Toi, Bangkok, and the
Chao Phya river, in July 1918. The prrticulars of the latter are as
follows :—

12. T.L. 385 mm. W. 223.

Iris brownish yellow. Terminal half of bill blackish; basal half
yellow above, greenish. yellow below, with culmen and commissure
blackish. Eyelids yellow. Legs pale greenish yellow. Claws black.

Family CHAR ADRITDA—Plovers, Sandpipers, ete.

*50. Microsarcops cinereus (Blyth). The Grey-headed
Lapwing.

Mr. K. G. Gairdner obtained a specimen at Raheng, in the
northern part of Central Siam, in J anuary 1916.

(Not uncommon, and usually found singly, or in pairs or threes,
in company with Hoplopterus ventralis, the Spur-winged Plover.

K. G. G.)

VOL. III, NO. J; 1918.

34 ; MR, W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

H. R. H. the Prince of Chumpon subsequently procured another
at Pak-hai, Krung Kao, Central Siam, in March 1917, while I obtained
a third specimen (solitary ) at Bangkok, in October 1917, of which
the tollowing are the particulars :——

1¢ imm. ‘'T. L. 362 mm. W. 242.

Iris reddish brown. Terminal third of bill black, remainder
yellow. Lappets and edges of eyelids yellow. Legs greenish yellow.
Claws black.

51. €quatarola helvet’ca (Linn.). Zhe Grey Plover.
Squatarola squatarola, Gyldenstolpe, 1916, p. 143.

Gyldenstolpe records this species from Siam on the strength
of having seen a specimen resting on the sandy beach just outside the
village of Koh Lak, in South-western Siam.

My collector obtained one (2) at Paknam Chantabun,
South-eastern Siam, in March 1916. W. 200 mm.

52. Limosa limosa (Linn. ). The Black-tailed Godwit.
Limosa belgica, Faun. Brit. India, Birds, iv ( 1898 ), p. 254.
Limosa melanuroides, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, p. 62.

I have previously recorded in this Journal ( loc. cit.) that a
specimen of this bird was obtained by Mr. C.J. Aagaard on Koh
Khwai, Inner Gulf of Siam, in November 1911. Last year 1 obtained
two from the fields round Bangkok—-the first of which was shot by Major
C. H. Forty, early in Ssptember, out of a flock of about 15 feeding on
fairly wet, newly ploughed rice-land. The second was brought to me
alive in November by a Siamese who had caught it the previous night
by means of a small hand-net. The modus operandi is to sally forth
on a dark night, with a torch carried by a second person, and to drop
the net on to any bird seen on the ground. The birds, it appears, are
fascinated by the light, and frequently make no attempt to get away,
I have had many small waders ( including snipe ), as well as pipits, &c.,
brought to me by these men,

2d. T. L. 894,— mm. W. 198, 182.

Iris dark brown, ‘Terminal half of bill dark brown, basal
half dull pinkish flesh. Legs dark brown. Claws dark brown.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 35

In the second (and smaller) bird, the terminal half of the
bill was blackish, the basal half dusky purplish (lighter on the lower
mandible ), and the claws blackish.

53. Terekia cinerea ( Giildenst.). Zhe Avocet Sand-

piper.

Ogilvie-Grant ( Fase. Malay., Zool. iii (1905), p. 118), records
a specimen from Kampong Budi, Patani, Peninsular Siam, in Octo-
ber 1901. The species is also included by Robinson and Kloss
in their prper ( Ibis, 1911, p. 13 ) on birds obtained in Trang, on the
Langkawi Islands, etc., but without specifying any particular locality.
They merely observe that it is common along the coast in the winter
months. The fact is, therefore, worth noting that H. R. H. the
Prince of Chumpon shot a specimen (¢, W. 130 mm.) on the mud-
flats at the mouth of the Chao Phya river, at the head of the Gulf of
Siam, in April 1917.

*54. Totanus fuscus (Linn.). The Spotted Redshank.

H. R. H. the Prince of Chumpon obtained a specimen of this
bird (d, W. 165 mm.) near Chainat, Central Siam, in February
1917, and a second one ( unsexed, W. 163 mm.) at the mouth of the
Chao Phya river, in April 1917, I cannot trace any previous records
from this country.

“55. Tringa crassirostris(Temm.). The Eastern Knot.

In February 1918 I found this bird common at Lat Yai, near
Meklong, Central Siam. In this locality there is an extensive area of
bire, semi-swampy ground, with a hard, rather sandy surface, and in
one place the water forms a kind of shallow lagoon, a few inches deep,
shelving very gradually from the margin to the centre. The place is
within a very few miles of the sea, and not far off are the fields where
salt is collected by the evaporation of sea-water. It was there that a
considerable number of Tringa crassirostris were found, standing in
the shallow water, and prepared, on one’s too near approach, to rise
in a flock and wheel off to a distant part of the miniature lake,
Stalking about in the deeper portions were a number of Himantopus
candidus (the Black-winged Stilt), with the usual sandpipers on
the margin of tiie piece of water.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

36 MR. W. J. F, WILLIAMSON ON

3d. T. L. 293, 293, 295 mm. W. 192, 182, 188.

82. T. L. 290, 295, 295 mm. W. 190, 185, 189.

Iris dark brown. Bill blackish brown. Legs dusky greenish.
Claws blackish.

56. Tringa platyrhyncha (Temm.), Zhe Broad-billed
Stint.

A specimen was shot by H. R. H. the Prince of Chumpon in
April 1917, at the mouth of the Chao Phya river. The only previous
record I can trace is that of Ogilvie-Grant (Fasc. Malay., Zool. ili
(1905), p. 118), who reports an individual of this species obtained
at Kampong Budi, Patani, Peninsular Siam, in September 1901.

Family LARID#—Gulls and Terns.

57. Larus brunneicephalus Jerdon. The Brown-headed
Gull.

Larus brunneicephalus, Gyldenstolpe, 19138, p. 70.

5d,52. Estuary, Tachin river, December 1916 and March 1917

Males. W. 336—-354 mm. (average 343 ).

Females. W. 834—345 mm. (average 333 ).

22. Bangkok, Central Siam, April 1918.

T.L. 451, 445 mm. W. 325, 330.

Iris dull white to dull yellowish white. Mouth orange-red.
Eyelids and bill deep lake-red. Legs dull red to lake-red. Claws
dark horn-colour. |

Gyldenstolpe includes this species in his list of Siamese birds,
but as no particulars of specimens are given, it is to be presumed he
did not procure any. He states that it is common along the northern
coast of the Gulf of Siam, and that it also occurs a few miles up the
Chao Phya river, but never as far up as Bangkok. The last part of
this statement is incorrect. I shot the above two Bangkok specimens
opposite the Bombay Burma Trading Corporation’s sawmill, and [
have seen others at different times, higher up the river, including a
party of 8 or 10 flying up-stream past the Custom House. The fact is,
this bird is quite common on the river during the winter months, right
up as far as Bangkok, though it is only to be seen during certain |
phases of the tide—coming up with the flood and going down with

the ebb.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 37

“58. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Meisner and Schinz).
The White-winged Black Tern.

I have three specimens of a small tern, shot in the neighbour-
hood of Bangkok, which I have identified as belonging to this species.
One, obtained in February 1915, is in winter plumage, while the other
two, which were procured in April and October 1918, appear to be
immature individuals, so the only means of distinguishing them from
H. hybrida (the Whiskered Tern), which is the common species in this
locality, is by size. By this test the identification seems correct, and
Ican see no difference between my birds and a specimen of H,
leucoptera, from Penang, which has been kindly sent to me by
Mr. H. C. Robinson for comparison.

12. W.214 mm. Bill from gape 35.

22 imm. W. 200, 206 mm. Bill from gape 52, 34.

Iris dark brown. Bill blackish brown, slightly tinged with
red. Gape pale reddish. Mouth reddish flesh. Legs orange-red,
dusky in front. Claws dark horn.

*59. Hydroprogne caspia (Pall.). Zhe Caspian Tern.

I obtained three fine specimens of this large and handsome
tern at Tachin, Central Siam, in March 1917. They were all shot
flying over the river, and, as observed by Blanford (Faun. Brit.
India, Birds, iv (1898), p. 310), this species may be readily dis-
tinguished (apart from its great size) by its habit, when looking for
food, of flying over the water with the hill directed downwards,
almost at right angles to the line of the body. It is usually found
singly, but sometimes a couple may be observed together.

2d. W. 408, 405 mm.

12. W. 400 mm.

Iris dark brown. Bill sealing-wax red, dusky at tip. Mouth
sealing-wax red. Legs and claws black.

60. Sterna sinensis Gmel. The White-shafied Ternlet.

1¢, 192. Koh Lak, South-western Siam, June 1917.

2d. Hua Hin, South-western Siam, June 1918.

Males. T.L. 236, 240, 280 mm. W. 181, 180, 187.

Female. T.L. 248 mm. W. 186.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

38 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

Iris dark brown. Bill yellow, tipped black. Legs deep
yellow. Claws horn-colour.

The only previous records appear to be those of Bonhote
(P.Z.S., 1901, p. 80) and of Ogilvie-Grant ( Fasc. Malay., Zool. iii
(1905), p. 119), from Patani, Peninsular Siam, in 1899 and 1901,
respectively.

*61. Anous stolidus (Linn.). The Noddy.

3d, 12. Rocky islet near Koh Chuan, Inner Gulf of Siam,
May 1918.

Males. T.L. 427, 482,437 mm. W. 282, 280, 300.

Female. T.L. 407 mm. W. 276.

Iris very dark brown. Mouth and gape yellow, Bill black.
Legs blackish brown. Claws black.

The islet where these birds were obtained is a few miles south
of Koh Chuan, in the Inner Gulf of Siam, and is an absolutely bare,
low-lying rock, without the slightest sign of vegetation of any kind.
It was absolutely swarming with terns (Sterna bergii, S. melanauchen
and S. anaestheta ), all breeding, and among these the dark smoky or
chocolate-brown Noddies were very conspicuous. They were also
most extraordinarily tame, and I could have shot any number, but
was content with four. The specific name is a very apt one, as the
bird gives one the impression of being rather stolid and dull-witted.

I was so fortunate, also, as to obtain two eggs of this species
—each laid singly on a slight depression on the bare rock.

Family SULIDM— Gannets.

62. Sulasula (Linn.). Zhe Booby or Brown Gannet.

1d. Rocky islet near Koh Chuan, Inner Gulf of Siam, May
1918.

T.L. 775 mm. W 400.

Iris white. Bill pale bluish horn-colour. Pouch bluish slate.
Loose skin at base of mandible yellowish green. Legs pale greenish
yellow. Claws pale bluish horn.

I have already recorded (Journ. Nat. Hist Soc. Siam, ii, p. 63)
the finding of a sun-dried specimen of this bird on an islet near Koh
Rin, in the Inner Gulf of Siam, in July 1916. On the present occasion

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM,

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 39

I came across four or five Brown Gannets, on the same rocky islet as
that on which the Noddies were procured, and shot a couple. One,
however, drifted away on a strong tide, and was lost to view before
the boat from which I had landed ( which was at the other end of the
islet ), could be brought round. The specimen I obtained was a fine
adult bird, in full plumage.

Family PHALACROCORAC1DA/— Cormorants.

*63. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Steph. Zhe Indian Shag.

2d, 32 ad., 3d, 12 imm. Klong Pho Thao, off Klong Sam-
rong, 24 miles south-east of Bangkok, Central Siam, (?) August and
September 1916.

Males (ad.). W. 260, 262 mm.

Females (ad.). W. 255, 266, 267 mm.

These birds were procured by my collector, who reported them
az very common. ‘The locality in which they were obtained is that
described in connection with Aquila maculata, the Large Spotted Eagle
(antea, p. 27). The two adult males and one of the adult females
have the pure white tuft of feathers on each side of the neck, behind the
ear-coverts, which is assumed in the breeding season. The monthis in
which they were procured, as mentioned above, are approximate only.
I was away from Siam from August to December 1916, and the
collector, who is illiterate, informed me that he had shot the birds
during the first two months or so of my absence.

I have never come across this bird myself. When I visited the
above locality, in May 1918, I only saw specimens of P. javanicus, the
Little Cormorant.

Family CICONIDA—NStorks.
64. Anastomus oscitans (Bodd.). Zhe Open-bill.

I came across a large number of these birds feeding in the
semi-swampy, grassy fields at a place called Prom-den, on the railway
between Bangkok and Tachin, in March 1917. They were rather wild,
but I succeeded in obtaining a couple. Asa result of the firing, the
birds (which were scattered over a wide area, in small parties )
collected together in a large flock of 60 to 80 individuals, and
wheeled about with outstretched wings, high in the air, looking very
much like vultures.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918.

40 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

1d, 12. Prom-den, Meklong Railway, Central Siam, March
1917.

Male. W.4!6 mm. Female. W. 411.

Iris dull yellowish white. Bill dull greenish horn, blackish
at base, and reddish at tip and on underside of lower mandible.
Gular skin and bare skin in front of eyes blackish. Legs fleshy
white. Claws dull pinkish, dark at tips.

My collector subsequently obtained four immature specimens at
Ta-riia, Central Siam, in July 1917.

The only previous reference to this bird, which I have come
across in the literature dealing with the ornithology of Siam, is that
of Gairdner (Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, i, p. 30) who states that the
huge flocks of it, which occur there, are a feature of the broad plains
north-west of Ratburi.

The Siamese name, Pak-hang, corresponds very closely in its
meaning to the English one.

Family ARDEID2—Herons.

65. Herodias garzetta (Linn.). Zhe Little Egret.

Garzetta garzetta, Ogilvie-Grant, Fasc. Malay., Zool. iii (1905),
p. 117. |
13,42. Tachin, Central Siam, August 1917 and January 1918
8d, 22. Bangkok, Central Siam, November 1917.

Male (one). T. L. 603 mm. W. 274. Males (three). W. 276,
278, 280 mm.

Female (one). T. L. 552 mm. W. 252. Females (five). W. 258,
260, 261, 269, 275 mm.

Iris pale yellow. Bill blackish, base of lower mandible
whitish flesh. Facial skin greenish yellow. Tarsus and bare portion
of tibia very dark to blackish brown. ‘Toes yellowish green to
greenish yellow. Claws horn colour.

The difference in colour between the tarsus and the toes is
sharply defined and is a striking peculiarity of this bird. In some
specimens the green of the toes extends up the tarsus as much as
25 to 40 mm.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM. 41

The specimen listed by Ogilvie-Grant (loc. cit. supra) was
obtained at Jering, Patani, Peninsular Siam, in June 1901. There
appear to have been no published records from this country, subsequent
to that date, though Mr. C. J. Aagaard’s diary contains a note of two
shot at Anghin and Bang Phra, both being places on the eastern coast
of the Inner Gulf of Siam, in December 1912 and February 1913,
respectively, while H. R. H. the Prince of Chumpon obtained a
fine specimen in” breeding plumage, also at Bang Phra, in May
ee We

The bird is probably quite common in suitable localities, and
has merely failed to be recorded, of Jate years, owing to its close resem-
blance to the ubiquitous Bubulcus coromandus (the Cattle Egret ),
when the latter is in its white or non-breeding plumage. The most
noticeable difference between the two species is in the colouration
of the bill, which is black in the case of Herodias garzetta, and yellow
in that of Bubulcus coromandus. -

I had never seen the bird in Bangkok until last year, when
it was very common during the floods in November, but disappeared
as soon as they subsided.

66. Gorsachius melanolophus (Raffles). The Malay
Bittern.

So far as I can ascertain, this species has hitherto been
recorded only from Trang, Peninsular Siam ( Robinson and Kloss, Ibis,
1911, p. 15), and Koh Lak, South-western Siam (Gyldenstolpe,
1916, p. 1387). It is worth noting, therefore, that Mr. K. G. Gairdner
obtained a specimen (identified by the British Museum ) at Sai Yoke,
Western Siam, in April 1915.

(dg. Iris yellow. Orbital skin greenish grey. Legs yellowish
green. K.G.G.). '

My collector subsequently procured two, in Northern and
Eastern Siam, respectively, of which the following are the parti-
culars ;-—

12. Phrae, Northern Siam, May 1916. W. 256 mm.

13 imm. Lat Bua Khao, Eastern Siam, September 1916. W.
256 mm.

VOL, (II, NO. I, 1918,

42 NEW OR NOTEWORTHY BIRD-RECORDS FROM SIAM.

Family ANATIDA-—Swans, Geese and Ducks.

67. Sarcidiornis malanonotus(Penn.). Zhe Comb Duck.

Sureidiornis melanolota (sic. ), Gy] lenstolpe, 1916, p. 134.

1d. Klong Laang Peng, near Bingkok, Central Siam, Febru-
ary 1918.

Fou. 711 tim. OW. 370.

Iris dark brown. Bill and comb black. Legs dull greanish
plumbeous. Nails dark horn.

Shot by Mr. R. B. H. Gibbins, who kindly gave it to me for
my collection.

Tha only previous reference to this fine bird, which I can
trace, is that of Gyldenstolpe who saw some specimens in captivity
in tha garden of ths Lio Prince of Chiengmai, Northern Siam. These
were said to have been caught somewhere in Upper Siam.

Family PODICIPEDIDL—Grebes.

68. Podicipes albipsnnis (Sharpe). The Indian Little
Grebe.

Podicipes philippensis, Bonhote, P. Z. S., 1901, p. 80.

1d,12. Prom-den, Meklong Railway, Central Siam, Mareh 1917.

12. Muang Khlung, Chantaburi, South-eastern Siam, May 1917.

Male. W.104 mm. Females. W. 107, 103.

Iris yellow. Bill yellowish horn, blackish on culmen and at
base of lower mandible. Legs dusky green, darker on toes and webs.
Nails dull greenish, tips whitish.

The first two birds were obtained by me out of a party of about
half-a-dozen which I came across on a small, shallow, grassy pool of
water in the middle of the fields referred to in connection with
Anastomus oscitans, the Open-bill (antea, p. 39). They were swimming
on the surface, looking much like Cotton Teal, though smaller, and,
when fired at, either dived, or disappeared into the long grass at the
edge of the pool. I managed, however, to flush one, and obtained a
second shot.

The only previous record appears to be that of Bonhote (loc.
cit. supra) who lists a specimen obtained by the Skeat Expedition at
Patelung, Peninsular Siam, in March 1899.

JOURN. NAT. THIS, SOC. SIAM.

43

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
I. Sore neck in Sambar ( Cervus wnicolor).

In Vol. I, pp. 51-53 of this Journal, Mr. P. R. Kemp, under
the heading ‘‘ Sore neck in Sambar,” gave an account of the curious
sore often found on the neck of Sambar in the mid-line in front, and
about half way down. The Kditors added a remark to the effect that
“ Major Evans in his book, Big Game shooting in Upper Burma (1910),
speaks of it, and states positively that it occurs in all Sambar and at
all times ( presumably in Burma and India ).” I have never found any
mention of it by any other author treating of Sambar, which is curious
in view of the fact that the sore is undoubtedly of very frequent
occurrence.

In Mr. Kemp’s note he mentions that both he and I had shot
Sambar on which we had not noticed the sore. . Major Evans says,
however, “ At what age the calves are attacked I do not know, but I
have seen the spot distinctly on quite young calves not more than a
month or two old. If any sportsman should be inclined to doubt
my statement as to this blemish on a Sambar’s throat, I can only
say, let him examine carefully the next Sambar he shoots; and if he
doesn’t find a large bare circular scar on its throat, with a blood-red
spot in the centre of it, I will eat my words served up with Sambar
sauce! Can I say more?” Regarding this positive statement it may
be of interest to record that, on the 11th February this year, on
the west bank of the Meklong River, about Lai. N. 14° 26’, Long.
E. 99° 5’, I shot a Sambar, about two years old, having no sign what-
ever of any sore on its neck. I pirticularly called the attention of a
Siamese surveyor, who was with me, to this fact.

A. J. IRWIN.
March, 1918.

II. Note on the Wild Dog ( Cyon rutilans).

On page 54, Vol. I, of the Journal of this Society, in a
note headed “ Distribution of certain animals in Siam,” Mr. K. G.
Gairdner writes, ‘“‘ Messrs. Yates and Rogers, of the Bombay Burma
Trading Corporation, have reported a black species of Wild Dog.
Has anyone else ever met with this animal, and have specimens ever
been obtained ?”

I do not know of any specimens of a black wild dog having
been obtained, but on the 4th March this year a Siamese surveyor
working in 8. E. Siam (about Lat. N. 12,° 52'; Long. E. 101,° 7’, )
informed me that, a few days previonsly, while at work, two wild dogs

VOL. LI, NO. I, 1918,

44 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

passed close by him chasing a Barking Deer, and that one of the
dogs was black, and the other the usual red colour. He was positive
they were wild dogs. His coolies saw them also. I mention his state-
ment as evidence that black wild dogs occur, and can occasionally
be seen. From a small amount of personal observation, and after
making some inquiries from the inhabitants of jungle districts fre-
quented by wild dogs, I should infer that a wild dog of that colour is
very rare. I should suppose it to bea case of melanism in an in-
dividual of the species usually coloured red, and not an indication of
the existence of a separate black species.

In the same note Mr. Gairdner inquires “ Where do the (red )
Wild Dogs ( Cyon rutilans ) go in the dry season? I have observed
that they chase the Sambar down to the cultivation at the beginning
of the rains in May and June; at other seasons I never see them.”

Referring to this query, I would say that it seems to me these
destructive brutes are only guided in their wanderings over the dis-
tricts they inhabit by the occurrence of the animals they prey on. If
they can find Sambar, or other quarry, in the lowlands or near cul-
tivation in the dry season, they may be found there at that time of
year. I myself have seen them on low ground not far from cultivation
or villages on three oceasions during the dry season. On one of these
a wild dog was shot by Mr. N. E. Lowe, on another occasion one was
shot by me, and ona third I drove some wild dogs off the carcase of
one of the cattle belonging to a neighbouring village, which they had
just killed.

June, 1918. A. J. IRWIN.

III. Occurrence of the Pegu Sparrow (Passer flaveolus)
in South-western Siam.

In a previous issue of this Journal ( Vol. I, No. 3, p. 197), I
remarked that the only portions of Siam from which the Pegu Sparrow
had not been reported were the Western and Peninsular * divisions,
and that these might be outside its range, as I had been unable to find
any records of its occurrence in Tenasserim or the Malay Peninsula.

Since I wrote the above, my collector has brought me specimens
from Hua Hin and Pran, in South-western Siam—the latter place ( the
more southern of the two) being in about latitude 12' 25” N. These
were obtained in June last year. Subsequently, in the latter half of
December 1917 and the beginning of January 1918, I found this bird
quite common at Nong Kae, about 24 miles south of Hua Hin, and
obtained a couple of fine males in perfect plumage.

Bangkok, W. J. F. WILLIAMSON,
March, 1918.

“The northern portion of the Peninsular division, as then referred to, is
now generally designated South-western Siam, and extends as far south as the
Isthmus of Kra, Lat, 10° 50" N.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 45

IV. Occurrence of the Hair-crested Drongo ( Chzbia hottentotta)
near Bangkok.

In his second Paper on the birds of Siam, Gyldenstolpe states
( Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., Band 56, No. 2, p. 20, 1916) that he
‘“‘ obtained a specimen on the Korat plateau (in Kastern Siam ), whieh
“seems to be about its southern limit in Siam................ Further east
‘“it seems to extend more to the south, as Dr. Tiraut records it from
‘* Cochin-China.”

In view of this remark it is worth noting that my collector
obtained a specimen at Meklong, about 40 miles E. 8S. E. of Bangkok,
in February 1918. In the same month, and in the following one, I
found the bird fairly common in the narrow belt of trees, composed
largely of fruit-gardens, extending along the river-bank immediately
to the south of Sathorn road in Bangkok (Lat. 12° 40” N.) and distant
from there about 2 or 3 miles. I obtained altogether four specimens
from that neighbourhood, and I imagine the bird must breed there, as
March is its nesting time. So far, however, I have failed to obtain its

eggs.

W. J. F. WILLIAMSON.
Bangkok,
April, 1918.

V. A New Snake and a New Batrachian for Siam.

To the list of snakes to be found in Siam may now be added
Pseudoxenodon macrops.

A fine male specimen of this snake was caught by Mr. C. M.
Weston in Muang Wang, north of Lakon Lampang, at an altitude of
about 1,000 feet. It tapes 40 inches with a tail of 74, rather longer
than Mr. Boulenger’s measurements in the Fauna of British India.

It also differs slightly in colour from his description, being a
rich reddish-brown above with a yellowish white chevron-shaped mark
on the back of the neck, and with black edges posteriorly to 2nd to 6th
upper labialz. The orange dorsal spots have faded in spirit to a dirty
white. Ventrals 162; sub-caudals 65.

Mr. C. A. Sherriff of the B. B. T. C. L., has recently sent me
a specimen of Megulophrys carinense which he obtained in the Me
Taw, a tributary of the Me Wang, some miles west of Lakon Lampang,
at an altitude of 700/800 ft. This batrachian has not previously been
recorded from Siam. It differs from Mr. Boulenger’s description in
the Fauna of British India in having two strong groups of vomerine
teeth between the choanae. Length from snout to vent 110 mm.

P. A. R. BARRON.
July, 1918.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

46 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

VI. The Siamese names of some Snakes.

Having read articles on the subject of Snakes in this Journal, the

following may be of interest to your readers.
To the people of Mondhol Payap the Malayan Viper (Ancistrodon
rhodostoma) is not an unfamiliar snake and is generally known as “ngu

eae a
tiing chang (anaais ” or “ngu tiing kaba (smansun),” the former
name being applied to the bigger-sized ones. In Rajburi, Petchaburi,
and Prachuab Kirikhan districts the Siamese call it ‘“ ngu kapa

(3 nzus),” or more descriptively correct, ‘‘ngu kapa falami (3 nsuselr

4
azu).” Falami” is the vernacular name for the lid of the ordinary

Siamese earthen cooking-pot, the shape of which the snake sometimes
simulates when it has coiled itself up into a broad conical mass, with
its head projecting out on the top. If what I am told is correct, this

viper is known round Bandon as “ ngu pak book (aulany n).” There

are other names beginning with “ ngu kapa” but these, it appears, are
given to Ancistrodon rhodostoma of different sizes and shades or colours.

So far as I have been able to observe, the species occurs as
far north as Latitude 19° 20', and as high up as 1500 feet elevation.
Judging from the different places the snake has been known from,
the range of distribution of Ancistrodon rhodostoma in Siam may,
I think, practically be said to cover the whole of the country.

This snake is partial to dry localities, such as those with sandy
or laterite soil. It is often to be met with on the sandy coast of
the Peninsula. Further inland and farther north it may generally
be looked for in places where grow “mai tiing” or “ mai pluang”
( Dipterocarpus tuberculatus) and “mai teng” and ‘mai rang”
(Shorea sp.), which form tree-growths generally characteristic of
localities having laterite soil. The Payap name of the snake, “ngu
tiing” derives its origin from “mai tiing,” in which forest it is
generally found.

The bite from Ancistrodon rhodostoma is said by some of the
people to be deadly, but by the majority it is considered to have
an effect more or less equal to that of the common Green Pit-Viper
(Lachesis gramineus) which rarely, if ever, proves fatal to man.

The other snakes of Chiengmai and neighbourhood that go
by the local generic name of “ngu tiing” are the common and

A ew A ”
widely spread Simotes cyclurus, “‘ngu tiing hua kieng, (an ANY

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM,

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 47

and a somewhat rare Simotes species known on account of its
A
uniform red colour as “ ngu tiing fai (amalw).”

Of names for the Hamadryad (Naia bungarus) there are several,
the common black variety, with or without whitish or yellowish cross-
bars on the body, being known to the central and southern Siamese as

“ngu hao dong, (3 Yi aoa)” and tothe Payap people as “ngu hao hawm
(3 vm an) ” and the olive-brown or pale variety being generally known

as “ngu chong arng, (sqnaens).” In the same way the black

variety of the Cobra ( Naia tripudians ) is known to the Siamese as

““ngu hao maw, (3 LlvIAN a), and to the Payap people as ‘“‘ngu hao
1 &
pak, (3 yu n).” and the lighter coloured form as ‘‘ngu hao pluak” or

; 4
“ phiierk (3 MIAN or iwan).”

There is a certain kind of big poisonous snake in the Chiengmai

district known to the people as ‘‘ngu hao kaw kam (aiwange).”

It is said to be a hill denizen, but occasionally comes down to the
neighbouring plains. It grows to the size of a man’s thigh, and has a
uniform black colour, with a patch of golden-yellow on the throat,
hence the name. It is notoriously aggressive in disposition, and its
bite is fatal to man.

From this description of the snake one might consider it a
variety of the Hamadryad with the ordinary whitish or pale-yellowish
throat. But since the natives claim it to be distinct trom the Hamad-
ryad, and L have not seea the snake myself, I shall be interested if any
of your realers can tell ms what the ‘“ngu hao kaw kam” of the
North really is.

Luanc WInIT WANADORN.

August, 1918.

VOL, III, NO. I, 1918.

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CONTENTS.

On 4 FourtaH CoLLecrion OF SIAMESE MaAmMMaALs. By C. Boden
Klogs, F.7.8.

A NECESSARY AMENDMENT TO THE DESCRIPTION OF TAUTATUS.
By GC. Boden Kloss, F.z.8 —... A?

THREE New MAMMALS FROM Stam. By C. Boden Kloss, F. Z. s.

NeW AND OTHER WHITE-TrooTHED RaTS FROM S1aM. By C.
Boden Kloss, F.Z.8.

THe NipiricaTion oF Cervain Terns. By W. J. F. Williamson,
F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.

ON 4s CoLLeCTION OF BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET,
PENINSULAR Stam. By H. C. Robinson and C. Boden
Kloss. With a Map.

A List oF SIAMESE AND Lao NAMBS OF MAMMALS. By K, G,
Gairdner, C.-M. Z.S. ~...

eee see eee eee

PAGE.

121

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THE

JOURNAL

OF THE

Natural History Society of Siam.

Volume III. BANGKOK. Number 2.

ON A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS.

By C. BopEN KLoss, F.z.s.

The present contribution deals with parts of the collections
obtained in Western Siam by Mr. K. G. Gairdner, and in North Siam
by Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s collectors ; and my thanks are also
due to Dr. Malcolm Smith, Messrs. W. L. Williams, H. C. St. J.
Yates, A. J. Irwin, W. J. F. Williamson and J.J. McBeth for sending
various specimens for examination.

As to some of the more obscure localities mentioned :—Sikawtur
and Me Taw are in Western Siam, 40-50 miles N.W. of Raheng, and
cut off from the main Me Ping river valley by a big mass of hills from
3,000 ft. to 4,000 ft. in height.

All the following are N.N.E. of Nakon Lampang, North Siam :—

Me Puan. A right bank tributary of the Me Wang: the col-
lection was made in evergreen jungle between 1,500-2,000 ft.

Pa Meang, Me Nga. One side of this hill drains into the Me
Kong: Pa Meang is a tea-garden at about 2,000 ft.

Ban Phong Tham and Ban Me Yen are in the Me Wang forest
at no great height.

1. Macaca irus Cuvier.

12 juv. from Paknampo, Central Siam [ No. 2689/CBK. ].
Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner. Orig. No. 487.

Head-skin and skull only, but evidently a very dull-coloured
young animal. A few black hairs on the forehead. A small tuft on
the crown.

50 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

2. Macaca assamensis.

Muacacus assamensis, McClelland, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 148 ; Anderson.
Anat, and Zool. Res., p. 64 (1878); Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind,
Mamm., p. 15 (1881).

1 2 subad. from Me Puan, N.N.E. of Lakon Lampang, North
Siam, 1,500-2,000 ft. Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s collectors.
September 1917. [ No. 2671/CBK. }.

This animal just falls short of being adult, in that the last
molars, though well up and with the anterior cusps worn by contact
with the teeth in front of them, do not yet engage with each other.

The species was very shortly described by McClelland and the
type is now lost, but before it disappeared it was examined by Ander-
son who fortunately published a good account of it.

I think this specimen is undoubtedly an example of M. assamensis
but am unable to say whether it is truly typical. One feature shown
is curious; the tail, which does not appear to be either mutilated or
malformed, is not only merely an inch and three-quarters long, but is
only a quirter of an inch in diameter; it is thickly clothed with hair
and thus in no way resembles the naked stump-tails of arctoides and
rufescens. In baing thus well clad it resembles that of assamensis, but
the typical animal has the tail about half the length of head and body
and about an inch in diameter.

There is no whorl or ridge of hair on the top of the head; the
hair, quite short in front and longer on the nape, grows quite smoothly
backwards and sideways from the forehead. Pelage slightly wavy.

The upper parts of the body are light mummy brown, very
indistinctly annulated with golden ochraceous, the latter colour increas-
ing in amount on the shoulders; sides and limbs paler, arms suffused
externally with golden ochraceous like the shoulders, the legs ting-
ed with drab: crown and nape a little paler than the back: sides of
neck and under-parts thinly clad with pale greyish buffy fur lightest
on throat and chest. Tail paler than the rump and golden buff above ;
hands and feet like the limbs. Face thinly clad with short pale hairs.
Buttocks covered to the edges of the callosities.

Native collector’s external measurements :—head and body, 465;
tail, 44; hind foot, 131. Skull :—greatest length, 118.5 ; condylo-basal
length, 85; basal length, 76; palatal length, 44; upper molar row

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 51

(alveoli), 33.5; m2—m2 (alveoli), 21; breadth of rostrum across
canines (alveoli), 28 ; occipito-nasal length, 98; breadth of braincase,
58; external biorbital breadth, 61; zygomatic breadth, 71; mastoid
breadth, 59; orbits, 22 x 23; greatest length of mandible, 80; length
of lower molar series (alveoli), 40; height of coronal process, 33 ;
horizontal breadth of ramus through condyle, 27.

The skull resembles that of a female from near Bhamo figured
by Anderson in the ‘“ Researches” (fig. 7, p. 66) as M. assamensis,
but later referred by him to M. leoninus* (=andamanensis).

It is to be hoped that residents in North Siam will succeed in
obtaining further examples of this animal to prove whether the tail of
the present specimen is natural or not; males are particularly desired.
This species may be distinguished. from M. siamica by its more uni-
form brown colour; the latter (more specimens of which are also
wanted) having dark grey shoulders contrasting with a bright ochra-
ceous rump. ,

3. Nycticebus coucang cinereus M-Epw.
Nycticebus cinereus, Kloss, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, IT, pp. 77, 289
(1916-7).

A juvenile example from Wang Pong, 8. W. Siam [No. 2672/
CBK.]. Collected by Dr. Malcolm Smith.

This young animal has the face, nape, forelimbs and hind feet
almust white and the hind legs very much frosted ; there are isolated
dark rings round the eyes and a dark stripe commences at the occiput
and continues to the beginning of the rump; the back and sides are
snuff brown, slightly frosted on the sides, strongly along the dark line
and on the rump ; the hair of the under-surface is brownish white.

Like all young animals of this species the fur is much longer
and denser than in the adult.

Head and body, 190; tail, 10 ; hindfoot, 56; ear, 12 mm.

4. Felis bengalensis.
Felis bengalensis, Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 151 (1792); Flower,
P.Z.S., 1900, p. 825; Gyldenstolpe, Arkiv for Zoologi, 8, No. 23,
p. 25 (1914).

1 ¢ ad. skin and skull from Chiengmai, N. Siam [ No. 2673/ -
CBK.]. Collected by Mr. W. L. Williams.

* Cat. Mamm. [ndian Mus., 1, p. 72.

VOL. III, NO. II, 1918,

52 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Flat skin from north of Chiengmai [ No. 2674/CBK. ]. Collect-
ed by Mr. H. C. St. J. Yates.

The first specimen represents a dull coloured animal ; ground
colour of upper parts greyish buff; the markings are large and dark
and are indistinctly bordered by ochraceous tawny patches. Very
different is the brilliantly coloured skin sent by Mr. Yates, in which
the ground colour of the upper surface is ochraceous buff much suffused
with bright tawny mesially where there are broken black stripes; the
other markings mostly take the form of triangular tawny patches
with, generally, a blackish apex or border. This specimen apparently
resembles Blanford’s pardichroa Hodgs., from the Himalayas (Fauna
Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 80) which seems to have been based on a brig
coloured example of this variable cat.

Skull :—greatest length, 99 ; basal length, 82 ; greatest breadth,
67; upper sectorial, 9.8 x 3.6 ; lower molar row (alveoli), 18.5 mm.

do. Viverra zibetha pruinosa.
Wroughton, Journ. Bombay N. H. S., XXIV, p. 64 (1915): Kloss,
Journ, N. H. 8. Siam, II, p. 292 (1917).

Adult skin and skull from a little south of Sriracha, on the
Inner Gulf of Siam [No. 2675/CBK.]. Collected by Mr. A. J. Irwin,

Mr. Wroughton distinctly states that there is in the ground
colour of this race a total absence (which distinguishes it from other
forms) of any yellow tinge; but the present specimen is decidedly suffused
with buff on the lower parts of the flanks, thighs, head and sides of
neck : to a less degree, an example from Patani, Peninsular Siam, is
tinged with buff in the same way (Kloss, l. ¢.s). The type came from
Thagata on the Little Tenasserim River, and the subspecies is said to
extend north to the Shan States and south into the Malay Peninsula.
This specimen comes from a locality so near the range indicated, that it
would be unwise to separate it without more material and topotypes
for comparison. It is not, as Mr. Wroughton states, in the tips of the
hairs that the colour difference occurs, for they are blackish, but in the
pale subterminal annulations.

Mr. Irwin’s specimen is a fine adult with a broad, heavy skull
and large teeth. Siamese name, Sua preng (maned tiger).

Measurements of the skull:--greatest length, 140; basal length,

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 53

128; zygomatic breadth, 72.5; breadth of braincase, 42; maxillary
tooth-row exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 55; greatest length of upper
sectorial, 16.6 ; interorbital breadth, 27 ; postorbital constriction, 21.8 ;
breadth of basi-occipital, 17.5; mastoid breadth, 45.

6. Arctictis binturong binturong (Rarr.es).
Arctictis gairdner?, Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) XVII,
p. 270 (1916).
Arctictis binturong binturong, Kloss, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, IT, p. 293
(1917).

] 2 juv. from Sikawtur, N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1,500 ft.
25 May 1917 [No. 2656/CBK.]. Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner.
Orig. No. 444.

General colour above black with the base of the hairs dirty
white, this colour much exposed on shoulders, sides and thighs; head
and limbs grizzled with whitish; front of ears white ; a few coarse buffy
annulations on the rump; underparts of body dirty white, many
hairs with black tips. Tail black, the hairs with dirty white bases
much exposed below at the root. The longer whiskers yellowish.

Head and body, 658; tail, 695; hind foot, 125; ear, 48 mm.
The skull is that of a young animal with milk dentition, the penul-
timate molars having just come into place. Length, 136; zygomatic
breadth, 72 mm.

7. Tupaia glis belangeri (Waay.)
Tupaia belangert, Wroughton ( partim), Journ. Bombay N. H. S.,
XXIII, p. 707 (1915) [Tenasserim village ; Banlaw and Tagoot,
75 miles up the Tenasserim river]; Kloss, Journ. N. H. S.
Siam, II. p. 9 (1916) [Patiyn, S.W. Siam]; Gyldenstolpe, Kungl,
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 57, No. 2, p. 18 (1917) [Koh ak, S.W.
Siam].
1 d ad. from Pa Meang, Me Nga, N.N. E. of Lakon Lampang,
N. Siam [No. 2669/CBK.]. Obtained by Messrs. Williamson and
Smith’s collectors. 24th Sept., 1917.
1 3 ad., 1 2 vixad., 1 2 ad. from Sikawtur, N.W. of Raheng,
W. Siam [Nos. 2657-9/CBK.]. Collected by Mr. K. G Gairdner.
1 d ad. from Hua Hin, Pran, S.W. Siam [No. 24538/CBK.].
Obtained by Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s collectors. 21 June 1917.
1 2 vix ad. from Pran River mouth [No, 2544/CBK.]. Messrs.
Williamson and Smith’s collectors. 26 June, 1917. Mamme 3-3=6.

VOL. III, NO. II, 1918.

54 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

All these specimens seem to me to belong to the same race, and
I would call them 7’. g. belangeri: the animal from Me Nga is perhaps
baginning to show some approach towards 7. laotum Thomas (Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) XIII, p. 224, 1914) from Nan, as there isa very
slight darkening of the rump. Some of them, however, probably
represent 7’. siamensis Gyldenstolpe (op. cit. supra, p. 20) from Koh
Lak and T. g. tenaster Thomas (Journ. Bombay N. H. S., XXV, p. 201
(1917) from Tagoot to Tenasserim town.

( For measurements see table postew ).

8. Tupaia glis clarissa.

Tupaia clarissa, Thomas, Journ. Bombay N. H. S., XXV, p. 200
(1917) [Victoria Point, S. Tenasserim].

Lupaia belangeri, Wroughton (partim) Journ. Bombay N. H. S.,
XXIII, p. 707 (1915) [Victoria Point and Bankachon].

1d subad., 1d ad. from Chumporn river mouth, S. W. Siam.
[ Nos. 2552,3/CBK. ]. Obtained by Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s
collectors. July 1917.

The material is unsatisfactory but the long muzzle of the adult
points to its being an example of clarissa.

The younger animal has the rump blackish and throughout the
grizzling is rather fine. The adult isin very worn pelage, the saddle
is black and there is a black patch on the rump: the fur (probably old)
of the head and shoulders is ferruginous, much deeper in colour than
the silky hair of the rump where the fur is very thin.

This Tree-shrew seems to me to link up those of the Malay
Peninsula and some of the islands with those of Indo-China. The
animals of the former region (ferruginea. group) have backs markedly
more rufous, longer snouts and, in females, two pairs of mammes only.
Northern animals (belangeri group) have little or no rufous suffusion
above, shorter snouts and three pairs of mamme.

The description of clarissa indicates that it is intermediate in
colour between belangeri of Pegu and Tenasserim, and wilkinsoni of
Trang, Peninsular Siam, being brighter and clearer than the first but
less richly coloured than the latter; the muzzle, from tip to orbit, is as
long as in wilkinsont but the mamme are as in belangeri, i.e., 3 pairs;
or when only four or five mammae are present, as happens, their
spacing and position are as in the latter.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 55

Tupaia clarissa was described as a full species but it appears to be
merely an intermediate, but very interesting form completely connect-
ing northern animals with southern ones and showing that all tupaias
of this kind belong to races of one species, J’. glis (Diard) of Penang,
and not to several distinct species.

( For measurements see table postea ).
9. Hylomys suillus siamensis.

Hylomys siamensis, Kloss, Journ. N. H. S.-Siam, IT, p. 10 (1916).

1 dad. Me Taw, N.W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1,500 ft. [No. 2660/
CBK.]. Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 2 Feb. 1917. Orig.
No. 352.

1 dad. Sikawtur, N. W. of Raheng, 1,500 ft. (No. 2661/CBK. ].
Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 15 March 1917, Orig. No. 409.

The second specimen of this rare insectivore exactly agrees in
colour with the immature type ; the first is rather brighter above, being
more ochraceous on the rump. The tail is pale beneath.

Measurements :—Head and body, 188, 132; tail, —, 22; hind-
foot, 28.5, 23; ear, 17, 15.5.

Skulls :—Greatest length, 34.7, 34.9; condylo-basal length, 33.8,
33.1; basal length, 31.4,—; palatal length, 18.5, 18; upper tooth
row (alveoli), 18, 17.2; pt—m3 (alveoli), 8, 8.1; median nasal length,
12.2, 12; interorbital constriction, 8, 8.6; zygomatic breadth, 18.9,
18.8; length of mandible, 25, 25 mm.

10. Petaurista lylei Bonnore.

Kloss, Journ. N. H.S. Siam, II, p- 392 (1917); Gyldenstolpe, Kungl.
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl, 57, No. 2, p. 30 (1917). 4

9d ad. from Sikawtur, N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1,500 ft.
[ Nos. 2652-3/CBK. ]. Collected by Mr.. K. G. Gairdner, 28 May
1917. Orig. Nos. 452-8.

1 ¢ ad. Pa Meang, Me Nga, N.N.E. of Lakon Lampang, North
Siam, 2,000 ft. [ No. 2663/CBK.]. Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s
collectors. 3 Nov. 1917.

I have already given a description of this animal in the Journal;
in two of the specimens the black behind the ears and on the limbs
and tail is browner and less intense than in the others, and the under
body of the Me Nga specimen is altogether paler, being whitish on the
axillae, sides, abdomen and base of tail.

VOL. III, NO. II, 1918.

56 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

The nasals vary considerably ; their combined breadths in the

three specimens are respectively 13, 16.6, 15.4 mm.
( For measurements see table postea.)
11. Hylopetes phayrei phayrei.
Sciuropterus phayre’, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XXVIII,
p. 278 (1859).

12 aged, from Kanburi district, Western Siam [No. 2670/
CBK.j. Obtained by Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collectors.

This flying-squirrel appears to be an example of H. p. phayrei
(type locality, Rangoon ) though it is practically of the same size as
the next race which Mr. Thomas says is larger than the typical form.

Above, base of fur deep neutral grey, middle portion of hairs
dusky drab, tips cinnamon buff, the upper sides of the limbs and mem-
branes browner and less overlaid with the latter colour and the hair
less grey at the base. Muzzle greyish ; cheeks, sides of neck, edge of
membranes and entire under surface of body and limbs white or creamy-
much of the fur pale grey at base. Hands and feet dusky drab grizzled
above with buffy, pale buffy along the sides. ‘Tail dusky drab through,
out above and below at the tip, but much paler beneath basally.

(For measurements see table below ).

12. Hylopetes phayrei laotum.

Sciuropterus phayret laotum, Thomas, Journ, Bombay N. H.S., XXIII,
p- 28 (1914) [North Siam}.
Sciuropterus phayrei, Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 193 [Nan].

1 2 ad. from Raheng town, W. Siam, 450 ft. [No. 2614/CBK.}
Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 25 Jan. 1917, Orig. No. 3538.

1 d ad.,12imm. from Me Taw, N. W. of Raheng, 1,500 ft.
[ Nos. 2613, 2651/CBK.]. Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 13
June 1917. Orig. Nos. 455, 454.

The appearance of these specimens is as follows :—-

Adult female: Upper parts grey at base and dusky drab to-
wards the tips which are orange-cinnamon on the top of muzzle and
head, middle line of nape and on the back; on the limbs and mem-
branes the light tips are much less numerous and become paler or
albescent. Cheeks, lower sides of neck, a line beneath the ears to-
wards the back of the nape, entire under-parts of body and limbs white
or creamy, very slightly greyish at the base of the hair in places.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 57

Hands and wrists buffy white, feet buffy on the digits and half-way
towards the ankles. Tail cinnamon tinged with brown, paler below at
the base. Mamme 3-3=6.

Adult male: Like the preceding but much duller; the upper
parts washed with pale cinnamon-buff instead of orange-cinnamon ;
muzzle greyish buff; limbs and membranes blackish brown instead of
dusky drab. Hands and feet darker, the white coi fined to the edges
and the digits. Tail dull brown above, darkest at the end; brown and
buff below.

Immature female: Like the male but much darker (as in all
young flying squirrels apparently) owing to the fewer buffy tips to the
hairs ; the grey bases on the belly are more pronounced and the feet
are much darker throughout.

Mr. Thomas has also described (f. c. s., p, 27) another race,
H. p. probus, from Mt. Popa, Central Burma, from which H. p. laotum
is stated to differ in having the hands and feet less extensively white
and the under parts less pure white and more mixed with slaty: it is
also larger. The adult female so closely accords in these respects that
one would be inclined to refer it to the Burmese form, if it had not
been obtained so near the type locality of H. p. laotum, with which
race the male from Me Taw agrees,

Measurements of H. p. phayrei and H. p. laotwm in millimetres.

No. F oe 14) BETTE Qi 26142 2613 ¢ | 2651 imm.
Head and body bi bes 166 167 165 _—
| aris : ae mus 158 151 150 =
Hind foot ees eM EE Se 31 35 83.5 32
aa’ <2 32, ye4 en ee 24, ao 25 =
Skull ... ds tee za
greatest length i wwe 41.3 42 41.5 ve
condylo- bagilar length jae 34.7 35 a7: *| =
basilar length we he 31.9 32.1 Ol =
palatilar length ... ...| 18 18.1 18.5 17
diastema ga 8.8 8.5 89 | 7.1
upper molar row (alveoli) 8.7 59 | 8.6 9
nasals og- DS G9), AX G 12x 6.4 | 10.3 x 5.8
interorbital Saal. a 9.4 8.9 8.5 8.9
zygomatic breadth .,, at 95.5 25 25 22.2
mastoid breadth oe ca 19 20 18.7 —

VOL, III, NO. II, 1918,

58 MR. ©. BODEN KLOSS ON

13. Ratufa gigantea.

Sciurus giganteus, McClelland, P.Z.S. 1839, p. 150.
Ratufa gigantea, Boubote, P.Z.S. 1900, p. 193 (Nan).

1 od ad. from Me Puan, N. N. E. of Lakon Lampang, N. Siam
1,500-2,000 ft. [No. 2664/CBK.]. Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s
collectors. 26 Nov. 1917.

This animal differs from Ratufa melanopepla and its allies,
phaeopepla and leucogenys, which are more common in Siam, in having
tufted ears, while the buff of the forelimb is confined to the inner side,
instead of extending over the upper surface behind the wrist. Typic-
ally it is also larger.

The black upper parts of the present specimen are slightly
tinged with dark brown on the occiput and thighs, and there are about
a dozen white hairs at the tip of the tail.

Originally from Assam, I. gigantea has already been obtained
from North Siam* and is known fiom the North Shan states and
Northern Burma.t Under Ratufa bicolor (P.Z.S. 1900, p. 855) Flower
states that he thought he could distinguish through field-glasses tufted
ears On an animal near Krabin, Bangpakong River, but it is unlikely
that P?. gigantea extends so far south. A local form, It. g. lutrina Thos.
- & Wr. (Journ. Bombay N. H.S8., XXIV, 1916, p. 226) occurs opposite
Kindat on the Upper Chindwin, Burma.

( For measurements see table postea.)
14. Sciurus caniceps caniceps Gray.

Sciurus caniceps, loss, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, II, pp. 18,83 (1916).

1d subad. from Me Wang, N. N. KE. of Lakon Lampang, North
Siam [ No. 2677/CBK. ]. Obtained by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s
collectors. 29 Oct. 1917.

This specimen is assuming the winter pelage ; the grizzled grey
nape, back and sides are tinged with yellow, and there are present some
spots and patches of orange ochraceous ; the tail is suffused with yellow
and tapers towards the end where there is a large tuft of black hair ;
the limbs are grey, hands and feet whitish and the under parts greyish
white with a grey median stripe.

(for measurements see table postea.)

* Vide Wroughton, Journ, Bombay N. H. 8., XIX, p. 890 (1910)
t Wronghton, op. cit. XXIII, p. 462 (6915).

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 59

15. Sciurus atrodorsalis thai.
: Kloss, Journ. N. H. S Siam, II, p. 285 (1917).

1 2 ad., 1 ¢ ad., from Sikawtur, N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam,
1500 ft. [ Nos. 2646,7/CBK.] Collected by Mr. K.G. Gairdner,
3 Feb. and 16 May 1917. Orig. Nos. 350, 427.

These two specimens differ from the type series in having the
muzzles more buffy than ochraceous, and the ears and the ring round
the eyes paler. One is similar below but the other has the throat and
foreneck grey and the chest yellow, while the middle abdomen is
suffused with yellow and there are stripes of the same colour on the
front of the hind legs between the grizzled and rufous areas ; its tail
is a deeper buff distally. A trace of yellow is also present on the
chest of an animal of the typical series.

The type female, though an adult with worn teeth, is a little
below the average in size.

(For measurements see table postec).

16. Sciurus nox WRovuGHTON.

Kloss, Journ, N. H. S. Siam, IT, p. 17 (1916).

2 3 ad. from Nong Khor near Sriracha, 8S. EK. Siam [Nos.
2520,1/CBK.] Obtained by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s collector on
13 and 14 July, 1916.

Practically topotypes of the jet-black Siamese squirrel. No
measurements have been recorded in the field and the skulls have been
damaged by cutting away the backs.

17. Sciurus bocourti bocourti M-Epw.

Kloss, Journ. N. H. 8S. Siam, II, pp. 17, 8309 (1916-7).

1d ad. from Bang Pa In near Ayuthia, Central Siam [No. 2678/
CBK.]. Collected by Dr. Malcolm Smith. 1 Feb. 1918.

Above a grizzle of black and buff, warmest on the nape, darkest
on rump and tail. Ears, top and sides of muzzle, cheeks and above
eyes, sides of neck, sides of forelimbs and upper surface of forearms,
lower sides and ankles white; fore and hind feet greyish. Hntire
under parts including base of tail white. Tail above coarsely grizzled
black and buff with numerous white hairs, below pale greyish.

(For measurements see table postea ).

VOL, III, NO. IJ, 1918,

60 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

18. Sciurus finlaysoni folletti.

Kloss, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, I, p. 159 (1915).
3d, 5 2 ad. from Koh Phai, Inner Gulf of Sianr [No. 2522- 9/

CBK.]. oni by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s collector on 16-18
July 1916.

These specimens exactly agree with the typical series collected
in February, showing that no seasonal change in colour takes place.
In one example there are marked chestnut areas on axillae, groin and
along the sides of the abdomen ; in the others the reddish patches are
very faint and confined to axillae and groin.

No external dimensions have been recorded and as the backs
of the skulls have been cut away by the collector I have not taken any
measurements of these either. For the size of this race see table, Vol.
1, p. 162.

19. Tamiops macclellandi hongensis (BonHorr)

Lamiops barbei kongensis, Kloss, Journ. N.H.S. Siam, IT, pp. 84, 310,
(1916-7).

1 2 aged. Lakon Lampang town, N. Siam [No. 2679/CBK].
Obtained by Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. March 1917.

1 2 vix ad. Ban Phong Tham, N. N. E. of Lakon Lampang, N.
Siam [No. 2680/CBK.]. Obtained by Messrs. Williamson and Smith's
collectors. 2 Sept. 1917.

1 d imm. Ban Me Yen, N. N. E. of Lakon Lampang, N. Siam.
[ No. 2665/CBK. }. Obtained by Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector.
Sept. 1917.

The specimens from Lampang town and Ban Phong Tham
( March and September) are in the dull winter pelage described in
Vol. II, p. 310; that from Ban Me Yen is in the brighter summer
phase (vide Vol. II, p. 84).

The animal from Lampang town is an old individual with well
worn teeth and is by far the palest and largest specimen I have seen.

Immature animals seem much more richly coloured below than
adults, the under parts being salmon-buff to pinkish cinnamon,

( For measurements see table postec ).

20. Rattus lepidus.

Epimys lepidus, Miller, Smithsonian Miscellaneons Collections, 61,
p. 20 (1913). [Bok Pyin near Victoria Point, 8. Tenasserim].
1 2 ad. from Meh Lem near Muang Prae, N. Siam [No.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 61

2092/CBK.] Obtained by Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s collectors
on 11 April 1916.

Some of the lesser known spiny rats, with upper parts varying
between tawny and clay colour and with sharply margined white under
parts, are not easy to identify without reliably determined material to
compare them with and therefore—though this specimen appeared to
be Rattus lepidus, known hitherto from one adult only—-I sent it to
Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, in whose charge the type is, with a request for
his opinion; at the same time drawing attention to the size of the
ears. Mr. Miller has very kindly replied as follows :—

‘“‘T have compared the specimen with the type of Rattus lepidus
and find that the two are virtually identical in all important charac-
ters. All the differences, except perhaps that in length of ear, are
such as might be expected to be shown by individuals of one species
from one locality. Dr. M. W. Lyon looked at the specimens with me
and is of the same opinion.

“The differences are :—(a) ear ; yours measures now a little over
21 mm., while ours are about L7.5, but the treatment of the two speci-
mens was so different (the ears of yours having been spread out while
drying while those of ours were allowed to shrink) that without more

‘material I should not lay stress on these 3 or 4 mm; (b) fur; yours is

less spiny (might be described as having spines mixed with the hairs,
while ours has hairs mixed with the spines); (¢) colour; underparts
just perceptibly more yellow, the differences more noticeable on the
throat than elsewhere ; sides and upper parts identical except that in
the type of lepidus the more abundant spines give a “ horny” cast ;
(d) braincase and ante-orbital plate, a hair’s-breadth narrower in your
specimen ; (e) bullae of your specimen slightly more inflated so that
the beak is less prominent. There are no others that I can detect”.

The present specimen has the following appearance :—upper-
parts ochraceous tawny darkened on the back by the tips of the
spines and rather greyish on the sides and limbs through exposure of
the base of the fur; cheeks buffy. Below cream colour throughout.
Hands and feet white, the latter separated from the creamy part of the
hind leg by a hair-brown area above the ankle. Tail dark above and
white below, the hair in agreement except at the tip where it is pale

VOR? This NO 11918:

62 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

all round. Base of hair on upper parts neutral grey, of dorsal spines
pale with a greenish tinge.

Native collector’s external measurements :—head and _ body,
134 (140)*; tail, 164 (159) ; hind foot, s.u., 29 (26); ear 24.

Skull :—greatest length, 36 ; condylo-basal length, 31.4 (31.4);
condylo-basilar length, 29.8 ; palatilar length, 15.2; diastema, 9.1 (8.3);
upper molar row, alveoli, 6 (6) ; nasal length, 13.4 (13) breadth com-
bined nasals, 4; palatal foramina, 6 x 2.3; greatest breadth of rostrum
6 (6.2); length of rostrum from upper rim of ante-orbital foramen, 11.8
(11.4); interorbital breadth 5.3 (5.8); zygomatic breadth, 16 (16.3).

The palatal foramina fall short of the molar roots by nearly a
millimetre.

Rattus marinus mihi, from Koh Chang and Koh Kut, Chantabun
Archipelago, S. E. Siam,f will probably prove to be a subspecies of
lepidus when more of the latter have been compared with it. A series
only differs from the present animal in having the feet less completely
white, while in the skulls, the nasals are narrower posteriorly and the
diastema is longer (lepidus 8.3—9: marinus 9.2—10.1 mm.).

Rattus lepidus and marinus are members of a group of rats easily
separated from other species of the same general colour by the pale
green bases of the dorsal spines. Some other continental animals
belonging to it are 2. bukit (Bonh.) and R. orbus (Robinson and Kloss)
from Peninsular Siam and &. cremoriventer (Miller) from the same
area with its subspecies I. c. tenaster (Thomas) from Muleyit, Tenas-
serim ; the two last, however, form a distinct section of the group a§
the tail is more hairy and brown throughout, not white below.

21. Rattus concolor.

Mus concolor, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, XXVIII, p. 295
(1859) ; Bonhote, P. Z. S. 1900, p. 195 ; id. op. cit. 1902, vol. 1, p.
39; Gyldenstolpe, Arkiv for Zoologi, 8, No. 23, p. 18 (1914).

Epimys concolor, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 57.

Rattus concolor, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet, Akad. Handl. 57, No.
2, p. 45, pl. VI, figs. 5, 8 (1917).

1 d,1 2 vix ad. from Raheng town, Western Siam, 450 ft. [Nos.
2680, 1/CBK.]. Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner,
Two large specimens with unworn teeth of the little spin y

* Measurements in parentheses those of the type—also an adult female

tEpimys jerdoni marinus Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, pp. 50, 72.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 63

house-rat: underparts much washed with buffy in both.

Measurements :—-head and body, 115, 115; tail, 147, 141; hind
foot, s.u, 27, 25; ear, 15,16. Skull (male only) :—greatest length,
31 ; condylo-basal length, 27; palatilar length, 14.4; diastema, 8.4;
upper molar row (alveoli) 4.9 ; length of palatal foramina, 5.2; length
of nasals, 13; interorbital breadth, 4.8 ; breadth of braincase, 13.3 ;

zygomatic breadth, 15 mm.

22. Rattus rattus thai.

Rattus rattus tha’, Kloss, Journ, N.H.S. Siam, IT, p. 286 (1917).
Mus rattus, Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 194; id. op. cit. 1901, vol.
Ty p- 56.

2 ¢ ad, 3 d subad., 3 2 ad., 2 2 subad. from Sikawtur and Me
Taw, N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1500 ft [Nos 2639-45, 2666-8/
CBK.]. Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner between 3 Feb. and 3 July
1917. Orig. Nos. 355,6 ; 360,1 ; 375, 330, 458.

A typical series of the Northern Siamese common rat, rather
brighter above than R. r. neglectus of the south and with twelve,
instead of ten, mamme in the females.

“The rutting season seems to be January—February.” Of July
examples Mr. Gairdner notes: ‘‘ Reappeared after the hot weather.”

(For measurements see table postea).

23. Tautatus thai.

Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, II, p. 280 (1917).

1 o ad. from Me Taw, 1500 ft, 40 miles N. W. of Raheng,
Western Siam [ No. 2617/CBK.] Collected on 9 Feb. 1917, by
Mr. K.G. Gairdner. Orig. No. 369.

Pelage spineless, composed above of coarse and fine hairs, the
stiffer tipped with black, the softer with bright ochraceous-buff; the
general colour effect of the upper parts being ochraceous-buff finely
streaked and lined with black, the latter diminishing in quantity on
the sides: base of upper pelage deep neutral grey. Hands and wrists,
feet and entire under-parts white apparently fairly clearly margined,
the fur of the under-parts distinctly dark grey at base. Tail dark
above and paler below, the hair clothing it in agreement.

Nasals extending just within the line of the orbital spaces and
not exceeded posteriorly by the premaxillaries. Anteorbital plate
markedly convex, the lower part of the edge vertical. Palatal for-

VOL. III, NO. 11, 1918,

64 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

amina narrow and elongate with their greatest breadth in front of
their mid-length, pointed posteriorly and terminating (as in Mus)
within the line joining the anterior roots of the molars which are
nearly vertical in front: tooth rows parallel. Mesopterygoid space
falling short of the last molars by nearly a millimetre and apparent-
ly very narrow (but base of braincase and the bullz missing).

Measurements: Head and body, 89; tail, 85; hindfoot, 19;
ear, 14.5 mm.

Skull :— palatilar length, 11.0; diastema, 6.7; upper molar row
(alveoli), 4.0; length of palatal foramina, 4.6 ; nasals, 8.1 x 2.5; zygom-
atic breadth, 11.9 mm.

Remarks. This second example of Vautatus thai is older and
larger than the type and more ochraeous above. Its advent shows that
in respect of the incisors the genus does not differ from Vus, as stated,
since distinct notches are present. It is otherwise distinguished as
recorded (t.c. s., p. 279) while, further, in Mus the posterior branches
of the preemaxillaries are continued beyond the ends of the nasals.

24. Nyctocleptes sumatrensis cinereus (MCCLELLAND).

Nyctocleptes cinereus, Kloss, Journ. N. H. 8, Siam, II, p. 314 (1917).

1 ¢ skin and skull, Chiengmai, N. Siam [ No. 2683/CBK. }.
Obtained by Mr. W. J. F’. Williamson’s collector.

1 @ skull, Sikawtur, N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1,500 ft.
[No. 2654/CBK.!. Collected by Mr. K.G. Gairdner. Orig. No. 464.

General colour of body and limbs pale dull buff, many of the
hairs, especially on the back, with a dark brown subterminal annulation
and a pale shining tip. Fore and hind feet dull brown. Top of head
with a broad blackish brown stripe disappearing on the nape ; throat
buffy, foreneck dull brown ; rest of head ferruginous or ochraceous.
Tail naked. —

In colour this race seems much more nearly to resemble the
young of N. s. swmatrensis of the south of the Malay Peninsula than
it does adults of that form which become a dirty buff with a dark mark
on the crown.

Collector’s external measurements of the Chiengmai specimen:—
Head and body, 395 ; tail 130 ; hind foot 64 mm.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. 80C, SIAM.

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS. 65

Skulls :—greatest length (7. e. condylo-basal), 77.6, 71; basilar
length, 68, 61; palatilar length, 42.38, 37; diastema, 27, 23; upper
molar row (alveoli), 15.4, 143; width of posterior nares, 5, 6.1; breadth
of combined nasals, 12.8, 10; greatest breadth of frontals, 27, 23; inter-
orbital constriction, 14.8, 12.8; zygomatic breadth, 60, 53 mm.

In the smaller animal the occipital plane is much further from
the perpendicular than in the other and the bullae are more dilated.

25. Acanthion brachyurus Elossi.

Acanthion klossi, Thomas, Aun & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) XVII, p. 136
(1916); Kloss P. Z.8. 1916, p. 60.

2 2 subad. purchased in Bangkok by Mr. J. J McBeth and
stated to have come from south-west of Ratburi on the Meklong River.
[Nos. 2684, 5/CBK.}.

A narrow crest of long slender bristles, white for halt their
length, extending from the crown to behind the shoulders ; an oblique
white stripe on the neck from the back of the throat to front of shoulder
and a few whitish annulations on the nape. Posterior parts of back and
sides and upper surface of tail clothed with white quills having a single
black ring of varying width, and also with a few slender flexible quills
white throughout. Tail whitish below. All the remaining parts dark
brown, blackish on the limbs. Rattle at end of tail consisting of
slender stems each bearing a single hollow capsule.

Both specimens are in perfect condition externally but unfortu-
nately neither is full grown.

Collector’s external measurements :—head and body, 660, 400 ;
tail, 185, 115 ; hind foot, 87, 82 ; ear 82, 82 mm.

Skulls :—upper length ( + ) 126, 119 ; condylo-basilar length,
118, 109; diastema, 32, 830; upper molar row (alveoli ), 28.6, 26.2 ;
length of nasals, 63, 63 ; breadth of combined nasals, 39.5, 39 ; length
of frontal suture, 80, 27 ; zygomatic breadth, 67, 66.5 mm.

26. Manis javanica.

Manis javanica, Desm., Mamwm., p. 377 (1822); Blanford, Fauna Brit.
Ind., Mamm., p. 599 and fig. 199 (1891).

1 3 ad. stated to have come from south-west of Ratburi, Meklong
River. Collected by Mr. J. J. McBeth. [ No. 2686/CBK. ].

An exceptionally fine aged example with an unusual number of
longitudinal scales.

VOL, III, NO. I, 1918.

66 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Longitudinal rows of scales round the body, 23 ; total number of
scales in the longitudinal line, 63; number of scales in the upper
median line of the tail only, 28.

Measurements :—head and body 570; tail 523; greatest length
of skull, 109 ; basal length of skull, 103 ; greatest breadth of skull, 41
mm.

Immature example: captive animal in Bangkok. Obtained by
Dr. Malcolm Smith | No. 2687/CBK. ].

Scales round body, 19; total number in longitudinal line, 60;
scales above tail only, 28.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

67

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS.

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JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

69

A FOURTH COLLECTION OF SIAMESE MAMMALS.

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71

A NECESSARY AMENDMENT TO THE DESCRIPTION OF TAUTATUS.

By C. Boprn Kuogs, F.z.s.

The advent of a second and older specimen of Tautatus thai
(antea, p. 63) renders it necessary to amend the definition of the
genus* which should be as follows :—

GENUS Tautatus, descr. emend.

Skull with superficial resemblance to Mus but the rostrum shallower and
no masseteric knobs at the anterior bases of the zygomatic plates. No raised
supraorbital ridges, the edges even more round than in Mus. Palatal foramina
long, extending posteriorly well between the first molars ; palate extending well
beyond the posterior extremities of the last molars. Mesopterygoid space
normal, slightly diverging posteriorly. Bulle of medium size.

Incisors notched and upper molars with proportions as in Afus, ml being
longer than m2 and m3 combined ; but laminw of ml less distorted, the inner
tubercles less posteriorly situated. ‘The remaining molars of more angular out-
line : the anterior edge of m2 straighter owing to the more advanced position
of the antero-internal tubercle ; the internal edge short and followed by an
oblique postero-internal edge almost concave: antero-internal point of m3 form-
ing the apex of a markedly triangular tooth.

External characters apparently not peculiar : fur dense, rather long and
stiff but not mixed with flattened spines. Hind-foot with fifth toe reaching
to the middle of the basal phalanx of the fourth. Only the pollex with a flat
nail. Ears of medium size.

The principal differences from Mus, therefore, lie in the absence
of the masseteric knobs and the less distorted form of the molars.
In the specimens examined the premaxillaries do not extend beyond
the posterior terminations of the nasals and this may possibly consti-
tute another character.

* Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, IT, p. 279 (1917).

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

PUTATUAT- AG Wworanaesc SAT ©t. RaW kien 1AMeoe

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73

THREE NEW MAMMALS FROM SIAM.
By C. Bopen KLoss, F.Z.S.
1. Paguma larvata vagans, subsp. nov.

Type. Skin of female, No. 2655/CBK. Collected at Sikawtur, 40
miles N. W. of Raheng, Western Siam, 1500 ft., on Feb. 27th, 1917,
by Mr. K. G. Gairdner. Original number 374.

Characters. Differs from Paguma larvata intrudens Wroughton,
from Myitkyina, North Burma,* in having the hair of the upper parts
tipped with black instead of buff, the white stripe not extending
beyond the neck, the pale spot above the eye confluent with the patch
below the ear, the fore-neck cream, the ventral surface creamy with
pale grey bases to the hairs except on the fore-neck and posterior abdo- ,
men where the fur is unicolorous, and the hind legs strongly tinged
with ochraceous on their inner sides.

Fur of two kinds on the upper surface:—a woolly under-fur of
‘a drab colour, sometimes tipped with buffy; and longer harsher
hairs with drab bases succeeded by a black and a buffy annulation and
a black tip.

Colour. A creamy stripe, broadest on the face, extending from
the muzzle to the end of the nape; a creamy spot below the eyes ;
from above the eyes a creamy area extending beneath the ears down-
wards to the fore-neck.

Rest of head with ears, cheeks, chin and throat blackish brown,
this colour bordering the pale stripe and dying out on the shoulders.
Fore and hind feet blackish brown.

Remainder of upper parts and limbs pale smoky grey suffused
with buffy, the black annulations very narrow, the black tips most
marked along the middle line of the back ; ramp washed with isabelline
and inner sides of hind limbs with ochraceous.

Throat and posterior abdomen creamy to the bases of the hairs ;
the rest of the under body paler, the hairs with pale grey bases.

Tail with proximal half like the rump, becoming blackish brown
distally where only the base of the fur is buffy ; extreme tip creamy.

= Wroughton, Journ. Bombay N. H.S., XIX, p. 793 (1910); Ryley,
ibid, XXII, p. 720 (1914).

VOL. I[I, NO. Il, 1918.

74 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

[ Colour otf soft parts. Nose, liver brown; feet, black; genital
skin, white. Mammae, 2 pairs only found. Pads of hind-feet, 33 mm.
in width. K. G. G. }. ‘

Measurements. Head and body, 610; tail, 575; hindfoot, 74;
ear, 50 mm. Of the skull I am unable to give any details as it was
carried off by some animal while drying: it probably possessed no
characters that would differentiate it from neighbouring races.

Remarks. Animals from South Tenasserim and Bandon, Penin-
sular Siam, connect this race with robusta Miller, from Trang *; they
are not so dull as vagans but less fulvous and buffy than the other, and
the nape stripe is faintly indicated: they do not appear distinct enough,
however, to justify the bestowal of a name.

2. Rattus griseiventer rahengis, subsp. nov.

T'ypes. Male vix ad. and female al. from Me Taw, 40 miles
N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1500 ft [Nos. 2637, #/CBK]. Collected
by Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 2 Feb. 1917. Orig. Nos. 459, 460.

Characters. Differs from Rattus griseiventer (Bonhote) in being
more woolly (less spiny) and much darker above ; hands and feet white
throughout, not largely brown. Mamme 3—-3=12.

Colour. Above dark brown grizzled with ochraceous tawny,
sides and limbs greyish brown; under-parts neutral grey washed with
creamy in the male, with pale buff in the female. ‘ail dark throngh-
out: ten rings to the centimetre at the middle.

Shull and teeth. Compared with that of I. g. grisetventer, the
skull has the nasals much longer, pointed posteriorly and extending
backwards well beyond a line joining the front borders of the orbital
spaces ; bullae smaller, less dilated and narrower: the teeth larger.

The palatal foramina extend abont .5 mm, behind a line joining
the roots of the molars, the tooth rows diverge posteriorly and the
front edge of the anteorbital plate is convex and overhangs the base
(considerably in the female).

Remarks. I have referred these animals to R. griseiventer
(Bonhote) but it should not necessarily be inferred that I regard the
latter as the true superform of the species to which both belong: they

* Paradovurus robustus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xix, p. 26
(1906).

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

THREE NEW MAMMALS FROM SIAM. 75

seem, however, related to it, and it is the earliest, undoubtedly allied

race, I am able to compare them with for the moment.
For comparison, the dimensions of the type of R. rubricosa

(Anderson, Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 306) from the country between
Bhamo and Momein, are given: though also a grey-bellied rat, it will
be seen that it isa far smaller animal; the skull of R. g. rahengis is
heavy with strong ridges whereas the other’s looks more like that of a
gigantic RP. concolor.

Measurements of Rats in millimetres.

; —
: : evs.
3% So 25 a
= = 28 3
&-2 S$ -2 ss S
vo D ‘a D See es =
= s = nS = 2 ro
as SS a q
aes 5 ; Ss :
xs &S & RS
Head and body ... eee oma oO 208 205 140
Tail sae eee ane eos} 174 194 190 130
Hindfoot, s.u. oe ae: 34 37 35 32
Kar eee eee eee 19.5 21 20.5 a
Skull :-—
greatest length ... eee ose 44.3 45.2 45 37.5
condylo-basilar length ... one 38 39.8 ayy oh aod
palatilar length oe coef 22 20.8 17.5
diastema eee oan ate 12 12.5 12.4 10
upper molar row (alveoli) sas 7 | (e 6.8 6.8
combined palatal foramina ...| 8.1 x 2.8 8.92.8} 8.63) 7.3 x 2.2
m3—m3 (alveoli) ase veel 5.1 5.3 5 4.1]
nasals ess ons ee} 1I8X5 | 18.55] 16x5 | 14.8x4
interorbital breadth ... dis Gi | 6 6.7 5.4
brain case breadth oe jae 17 17 16.5 15.7
zygomatic breadth wee eo] 20.8 20:R. |e 204 17.2

3. Rattus rajah siarma, subsp. nov.

Rattus surifer, Gyldenstolpe (partim), Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.,
57, No. 2, p. 42 (1917) [Koon Tan, N. Siam].

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) from Sikawtur, 40 miles

“Male with very worn teeth from Plentong River, S. Johore, Malay
Peninsula, No, 2539-08. F. M.S. Mas.

7 Teeth considerably more worn than No. 2637, slightly more worn than —
No. 2368.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1918,

76 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

N. W. of Raheng, W. Siam, 1500, ft. [No. 2632/CBK.]. Collected by
Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 13 March 1917. Orig. No. 399.

Diaynosis. Slightly darker than R. rajah finis* from 8. E. Siam
and with shorter nasals: these are more truncate posteriorly and
always, apparantly, fall decidedly short of a line joining the front
extremities of the orbital spaces ; in jinis the nasals are nearly always
protracted backwards beyond such a line, and the ends are more
rounded or pointed: in the present race the posterior ends of the
premaxillaries are also less oblique. This form is duller above than
R. rajah surifer (Miller) of Peninsular Siam.

Specimens examined. Six from the type locality and Me Taw,
1500 ft., closely adjacent [ Orig. Nos. 864, 376, 398, 405.], and another
from the Pa Wa Gorge, N. Siam [ Orig. No. 228], all collected by
Mr. Gairdner.

* Epimys surifer finis, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, pp. 51, 73.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM.

THREE NEW MAMMALS FROM SIAM. 77

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79

NEW AND OTHER WHITE-TOOTHED RATS FROM SIAM.
By C. Bopen KLoss, F.z.s.

Mr. K.G. Gairdner, C.M.z.3., has sent me three examples of this
interesting Indo-Chinese group of rats, some of which are very little
known and are difficult to determine in the absence of direct com-
parison with topotypes.

The first of the specimens is a member of the species Rattus
berdmorei (Blyth) and is easily separated from the other two on account
of its darker, greyer upper-parts, more projecting upper incisors, which
are practically without any backward curve, and very large bullae. It
is apparently only the third known specimen of

1. Rattus berdmorei mullulus (Thomas).

Mus berdmore’, Thomas (partim) Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova (2a) x (xxx),
p. 938 (1892). [Thagata, Muleyit Range, Tenasserim]}.

Epimys berdmorei, Kloss P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 59 [Measurements of the
above : type of R. b. mullulus].

Epimys berdmorei mullulus, Thomas, Journ. Bombay N.S, xxiv, p-
413, 14 (1916).

12 vix ad. from Me Maw near Lakon, North Siam [No. 2507/
CBK]. Collected by Mr. K. G. Gairdner on 3 Oct. 1915. Orig. No. 224.

Fur consisting of shorter soft hair and longer slender, pliable,
flattened spines.

Colour above clove brown with a frosted appearance caused by
the pale buffy tips of the under fur and by the exposure of the pale
basal portion of the spines; a distinct sheen on the back : sides of head,
neck and body and the limbs, grizzled brownish grey. Fore digits
practically naked, metapodials brownish white: hind feet white from
the claws nearly to the ankles. Under-parts entirely white, this colour
separated from the hind-feet by an indefinite narrow band of brownish
grey. ‘Tail apparently black throughout and clad with dark hairs.*

Mr. Gairdner notes, “Grey rat, tail shorter than body, tubercles
on feet very pronounced: five prominent plantar pads and one small ;
on the fore-feet the lower plantar pads are larger than the thumbs. Ear
rounded and large. Lower incisors long, slender and white.”

* See also description of Rattus berdmorei maguus (Kloss, P.Z.S 19:6
se pas fig. 1) from S. E. Siam, which is very similar in colour and type of
skull.

* VOL. III; NO: 1, 1918.

80 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Apart from smaller size the skull appears to differ from that of
R. b. magnus in having the palatal foramina protracted backwards to a
line joining the roots of the first molars, broader teeth and nasals
truncated posteriorly.
(or measurements see table postea).

The other specimens differ from R. b. mullulus in larger size ;
browner, more warmly coloured upper parts; smaller bullae and upper
incisors a little more curved toward the throat, but markedly less so
than in orange-toothed rats. The larger of the two is related to
R. bowersi (Anderson) from near Bhamo, Upper Burma, and R. ferreo-
canus ( Miller) from Trang, Peninsular Siam. I have only been able to
compare it with specimens of the latter, but Mr. Thomas and | have
noted some differences between the two which, taken together, seem to
indicate that bowers? is browner, less grey in colour, has the dark areas
of the feet less extensive, larger bullae but smaller teeth.* In all
these features Mr. Gairdner’s specimen differs from ferreocanus in the
same way, and I should call it F. b. bowerst, were it not that the latter
is described as being “ pale yellow below and on the feet and on the
tip of the tail, distinctly defined from the darker colour............ This
species is closely allied to those rats which are distinguished by yellow
bellies.” It is also figured as yellow below with no distinct line
between the lower parts and sides, etc.f The present example is
beneath white, clearly margined from the brown of the sides, as in
ferreocanus, and I look upon it asa link connecting the two as races of
one species and name it

2. Rattus bowersi lactiventer, subsp. nov.

Type. Adult male from Sikawtur, 40 miles N. W. of Raheng,
W. Siam, 1500 ft. [ No. 2635/CBK.] Collected by Mr. K. G. Gaird-
ner, on 21 May, 1917. Orig. No. 433.

Differs from J. b. bowersi in being white, not yellow beneath,
and from R. b. ferreocanus in being browner and warmer above and
with a good deal of white on the feet ; from both in having no pale tip
to the tail.

* Thomas, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soe, XXIV, p. 410 (1916 );

Kloss, Records Indian Museum, XIII, p. 5 (1917).
t Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Researches, p. 304, pl. XVII (1878).

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

NEW AND OTHER WHITE-TOOTHED RATS FROM SIAM. 8t

Pelage composed of soft woolly under fur and longer stiffer hairs,
or spines not visibly flattened.

Colour above, glossy Natal brown Geiuoled by the pale buffy tips
of the under fur, paler on the sides, fore-limbs and thighs; muzzle,
cheeks, crown, sides of neck and the lower leg brighter, near Verona
brown in colour; base of hairs neutral grey, of spines whitish.
Below white throughout except the ankle, the white clearly margined
from the brown of the sides, etc. Fore-digits whitish, metapodials
grizzled brown; hind feet white, slightly darkened down the middle,
ankles brown. ‘Tail apparently dark throughout except at the base
beneath. Ears large, 23 mm. broad.

Skull like that of ferreocanus, the ante-orbital plate with the
lower edge vertical; but the nasals not extending so far behind the
premaxillaries, posterior edge of frontals more curved, bullae larger,
palatal foramina slightly smaller, falling short of the molars by nearly
2 mm., and the tooth-rows markedly diverging posteriorly.

Rattus mackenziae feae (Thomas ),” though from an adjacent
locality (Thagata, Muleyit Range, Tenasserim ) and of nearly the same
size, cannot be the same as this animal, for its colour is indicated as
being ‘‘nearly deep purplish grey but browner,” while this shows no
tone of grey at all but is of a warm brown colour. Mr. Gairdner
refers to it in his notes as the ‘“‘ chestnut-cheeked rat.”

( For measurements see table postea).

The third specimen, though from the same place and of the
general colour as the last, is smaller, yet the teeth indicate that it is of
about the same age. I know of no form to which it seems allied and
therefore describe it as

3. Rattus kennethi, sp. nov.

Type. Adult female from Sikawtur, 40 miles N. W. of Raheng,
W. Siam, 1500 ft. [No. 2636/CBK.]. Collected by Mr. Kenneth
G. Gairdner on 14 March 1917. Orig. No. 403.

Like R. b. lactiventer but smaller and without the warmer
colouring on the sides, etc.; feet of more clearly defined dark and white
pattern, tail pale below with a distinct pale tip. Skull more rounded
and relatively broader, palatal foramina reaching the line of the molars,
toothrows diverging rather less posteriorly.

* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. XXIV, p. 412 (1916).
VOL. III, NO. II, 1918.

82 MR. KLOSS ON WHITE-TOOTHED RATS FROM SIAM.

Pelage composed of soft under fur and longer stiffer hairs, or
spines not visibly flattened.

Colour above glossy Natal brown slightly grizzled by the buffy
tips of the under-fur ; sides of head, neck, body and the limbs paler,
duller and rather more grizzled: base of under fur neutral grey, of the
longer stiffer hairs whitish. Below white throughout. Foredigits
whitish, metapodials brown. Feet white, the median line of the meta-
podials clearly defined brown; anhles brown, Tail dark above, pale
beneath where the hair clothing it is pale: the terminal 15 mm. pale
all round.

Skull with broader ante-orbital foramina than in R. 6. lact-
wenter, the front edge of the plate slightly convex and overhanging the
base ; palatal foramina longer and pointed posteriorly, bullae relatively
rather smaller.

Measurements of Siamese White-toothed Rats in millimetres.

beer se OF
Bis Es $
Ss 38 iS
—e Pies tr
RS 8 Re
Head and body ose tee eee 180 235 215
Tail “ee eee eee coef 152 255 242
Hindfoot s. u. vee vee vee 37.5 50.5 46
Ear s'se Jas ose wee 24 28.5 26
Skull :—
greatest length ... eee eee 40.3 53 45.5
condylo-basilar length ... eee 38 * 47.4 42
palatilar length ... see eee 20 25.2 22.2
diastema oes ove ose 13 16.5 14
upper molar row (alveoli) eee 7.2 9.1 8.8
combined palatal foramina ons] 4 Oe 8.3 x 3.2 8.9 x3
m3—m3 (alveoli) ... eee vee] 3.4 5 4.2
nasals és née ooo 14.7% 4.6) 226.8 | 18.3x6.1
interorbital breadth bay ons 6.3 7.7 6.9
brain case breadth eee eee 17 19.7 18.2
zygomatic breadth eee sei 21.6 26.1 23.4

nn
* Approximate

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM.

83

THE NIDIFICATION OF CERTAIN TERNS.
By W. J. F. WILLraMsov, F. Z. S., M. B. 0. U.

I recorded in Vol. II of this Journal (p. 63) that I had obtained
the eggs of Sterna bergit (the Large Crested Tern), S. melanauchen
(the Black-naped Tern), and S. ancestheta (the Panayan Tern ) on
some islets in the Inner Gulf of Siam in June and July 1916. Nearly
all of these, however, were procured by my collector in the first-
named month, and he kept no record of the number of eggs in each
clutch. By the time I was able to visit the locality, in the middle of
July, the laying season was over, and only a few addled eggs and some
chicks remained, so I was not in a position to repair the deficiency.

During 1917 and 1918, I made a point of visiting these islets
again, as well as some others, and it may be of interest to record the
results. The dates of my visit were:—2nd June, in the former year,
and 9th May, in the latter.

STERNA BERGII (subsp.? ). The Large Crested Tern.

In 1917 I obtained 9 eggs of 9. bergii, laid singly on the bare
shingle of a beach at one end of a small islet, near Koh Rin—not the
slightest attempt having been made by the birds to scrape out any sort
of a depression or hollow to receive the eggs. In this respect my ex-
perience agrees with that of Colonel Butler, quoted in Hume’s “ Nests
and Eggs of Indian Birds” (2nd Edition, Oates (1890), p. 297).
Despite their large size, and the promiscuous way in which they were
laid, these eggs required to be carefully looked for, as their colouration
and markings (varying from a dead to a creamy white, with spots,
blotches and streaks of reddish brown to dark brown) exactly matched
‘those of the white streaky pebbles on which they were laid. Asa
consequence of this, one or two eggs were, unfortunately, trodden on
inadvertently. All those obtained were perfectly fresh.

In 1918 I collected 23 single eggs and 2 pairs on a perfectly
bare, low-lying rock near Koh Chuan, some little distance further
south than Koh Rin. I have already alluded to this islet (antea,
p. 28), in connection with the record of Anous stolidus (the Noddy)
from Siam.

The ground-colour of a number of the eggs taken in 1918 was
a very pale greenish blue; but this tint fades gradually to a dead
white.

VOL. III, NO. II, 1918,

84 MR. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON ON

There appears to be no very definite information available as to
the usual complement of eggs laid by the eastern form of S. bergii, and
the only notes on the subject, which I have been able to trace, are all very
old ones. Butler (op. cit. supra), in describing his personal visit to
Astolah Island, off the Mekran coast, Baluchistan, on 29th May 1877,
states that he obtained 93 eggs in one day, all laid singly. On the other
hand, a large batch collected for him about three weeks later, by (ap-
parently) a native of the locality, were said by the man to have been
“usually three in each nest.”! This statement is quoted by Hume
without comment, but it cannot, I think, be given any credence. It is
true that Butler, in speaking of his own find, says that the number of
eggs was “at that time only one............... to each pair of birds”’—
thus implying that, at a later date, the number of eggs might have
been increased, but apparently he himself never found more than one.
On the other hand, it is to be noted that Captain Shopland (also quoted
by Hume), who took eggs near Akyab, states that some of them were
in pairs, though he does not give any figures.

My observations would seem to show that Siamese birds
usually lay a single egg, but that occasionally there are two in a
clutch.

STrERNA MELANAUCHEN. The Black-naped Tern.

As regards S. melanauchen, I obtained 37 single eggs and 26
pairs in 1917--all of them quite fresh. About a week later, I
had 4 single eggs and 3 pairs sent to me by a reliable European
friend from a small islet near Koh-Si-Chang (in the same neighbour-
hood), all of which were more or less incubated. The number pro-
cured on the second occasion is somewhat small, but the proportion of
double eggs to single ones is almost exactly the same as that of the
very much larger number obtained by me, viz., about 41 or 42 per cent.
of the total assignable to each pair of birds. In 1918 I obtained very
few eggs of this species, which appears to lay somewhat later
than 8S. bergii and S. anestheta-—the actual number collected being 8
singles and 5 pairs. Osmaston [Journ. Bombay N. H. S8., XVII
(1906), p. 491] in writing of Andaman birds, observes that they lay
“one or two eggs.” This remark appears to be correct, as far as it
goes. In Siam, I should say, about half the clutches contain two eggs,
and the remainder one only.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

THE NIDIFICATION OF CERTAIN TERNS. 85

STERNA ANZSTHETA. The Panayan Tern.

The most numerous of the three species of tern which breed on
the islets in the Inner Gulf of Siam is S. anestheta, of the eges of
which I procured 89 single specimens and 1 pair in 1917—~several of
the former being in an advanced state of incubation. In 1918 the
men with me collected several scores of eggs—all of which were
singles, with the exception, again, of 1 pair. I kept the latter, and a
selection of 24 of the single specimens. Butler, quoted by Hume
(op. cit., p. 800) says, with regard to one lot of eggs of this bird
taken for him by some fishermen in the Persian Gulf, in June 1878,
that the nests contained “from two to four eggs each.”! Later he re-
marks, in connection with a second set of eggs obtained in the following
month, that there was “seldom more than one egg in a nest, sometimes
two but never more,” while in a subsequent note he observes, “ lays
bnt one single egg.” Hume makes no comment on these contradictory
statements, and there is nothing to show whether either of the last two
was based on Butler’s personal observations or not. Judging from my
own experience, it would appear that (at all events so far as Siam is
concerned ) a single egg is the usual complement, while a pair is laid
only very occasionally.

As regards the ground-colour of the eggs, Hume remarks
(p. 301), that it seems “to vary from nearly pure white to a
rich pinky stone-colour.” A number of my eggs are of a pale bluish
tint, and two of them are entirely unmarked with the usual specks,
spots and blotches of reddish brown or burnt sienna brown, with
underlying paler markings. The ground-colour of the great majority
of the eggs in my collection varies, however, from a pale stone-colour to
almost a café-au-lait tint.

VOL. HI, NO. FF,-1918,

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87

ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF
PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM.

By H. C. Roprnson anp C. Bopen Kuoss.
WITH A MAP.

The district in which this collection was made is fairly well
known ornithologically, but the only paper actually dealing with the
area is that of August Miiller, ‘‘ Die Ornis der Insel Salanga”, 1882,
pp. 1—96: Naumburg a Saale, originally published as a doctoral dis-
sertation and apparently reprinted in the “Journal fiir Ornithologie,”
1882.

Large collections were made in the district by J. Darling on
behalf of A.O. Hume, which were the*subject of scattered notices in
‘Stray Feathers,” and which are now incorporated in the British
Museum, while the island of Salanga was also visited by Ernst Hartert
who has made a few remarks on its Fauna (Nov. Zool., 1X, pp. 222—226).

In the present paper three more subspecies are diagnosed, viz :—

Mesobucco duvauceli stuarti
Chloropsis cyanopogon septentrionalis

Cyanops mystacophunes aurantiifrons
boi
while two species,
Pericrocotus roseus (Vieill.),
Pericrocotus cantonensis (Swinh.),
are recorded for the first time from the Malay Peninsula, though the
latter had been collected in Trang as far back as 1910.

The collections were made by native collectors without European
superintendence ; and details of soft parts, which men of this type can-
not note with sufficient accuracy to be worth recording, are therefore
lacking.

Tho localities visited will not be found in any ordinary map and
can only be traced in the Admiralty Chart No. 2492 and the publi-
cations of the Siamese Survey Office, and we have therefore supplied an
outline map on which the route of our party is marked.

The collection was made between December 20th and February
18th, and therefore comprises a considerable number of seasonal visitors
which would not be found later in the year. ‘The occurrence of the
comparatively rare Cuckoo Falcon, Baza lophotes, in large numbers is

VOL. III, NO. II, 1918.

88 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

noteworthy, as is also the capture of the rare Rock Thrush, Monticola
qularis.

Special acknowledgements are due to the kindness of Mr. David
Heddle of Tongkah, who took charge of our collectors and made arrange-
ments for their visits to the surrounding country and to whose efforts
their success is very largely due, We are also indebted to the courtesy
of the Siamese Government, who granted our men permits to shoot and
admitted all our collecting material and other impedimenta free of duty.

Thanks are also due to Mr. W. J. F'. Williamson for making the
necessary arrangements on our behalf with the central Government at
Bangkok, and to Mr. J. Bailey, H. B. M. Vice-Consul at Tongkah, for
veneral assistance in that island. The following are the localities
visited :—

1. Nong Kok, Ghirbi or Krabi, Peninsular Siam.

Some seven or eight miles from the Ghirbi, or Krabi, river, in
apen park-like land with patches of jungle backed with precipitous
limestone hills. A very rich collecting greound.

{In Puket or Junk Seylon Island—also known as Salanga or
Vongkah Island] :—

2. Klong Tung Sai. A low, forested range of hills in the south
central part of the island. |

3. ‘Telok Palas. A large village on the east coast.

{ In the Bay between Junk Seylon Island and the mainland :—

4. Pulau Sireh. An island off the east coast of Junk Seylon
ld. near Tongkah Harbour, separated by a narrow and very shallow
strait from the main island.

5. Koh Maprau Smal islands with small jungle to the

6. Koh Alang at north of Pulau Sireh.

7. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang (Koh Yao Yai). A village on
the west side of the largest island in the Bay between Junk Seylon
and the mainland.

8. Pulau Panjang North (Koh Yao Noi). An island to the
north of Palau Panjang, separated from it by a narrow shallow strait.

9 Koh Boi Yai. A small island near the western extremity
of Palau Panjang North.

}0. Koh Naka Yai. A small island between the northern
parts of Junk Seylon and Pulau Panjang.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. VOL. Ill. PL. 3.

4
are
Takua Tung — ;
2
2

Koh
UNKSEYLON NY ai
JUNESE Cy a
PUKET Pe Pulau Panjang
ISLAND of

\ ‘
re oyKoh Alang Yai/ agree
To / KRABI?

~——--—

MAP OF PUKET ISLAND.

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ie: % > boi "ot J es te

Ors

ey
Agia gE IN sect
bibs ma ae i
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iy e Ae iM 7 i<
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P ad 4 WW) | A |
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ary
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ae bg (77

?

bi fies

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 89.

Miiller’s paper, referred to above, is quoted as “ Miiller,” and a
report entitled “On a collection of birds fromm the island of Langkawi
and other Islands on the North-West Coast of the Malay Peninsula,”
by Herbert C. Robinson [Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. VII, pp.
129—191 (1917)] is quoted as ‘* Robinson”.

1. Lopryura ruFA (Raffles).
Ogilvie Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, XXII, p. 287 (1898).
3. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.
W. 268 mm.

2. GaLLus GALLus (Linn.).
Miiller, p 80; Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 81.
2d. Telok Palas, Junk Seylon. 6—7 February 1918.
W. - 220, 227 mm.

3. Pavo cristatus Linn.
3.36. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4—8 January 1918, |
W. 460, 482, 477 mm.
Two specimens are in full plumage, while one, though adult, has
not yet acquired the “ train.”

4, TURNIX pUGNAX PLUMBIPES (Hodgs.).

Stuart Baker, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. XXIII, p. 895 (1915),
Turnix plumbipes, Miiller, p. 81.

2imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 11 January 1918.
2 ad. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 22 January 1918.
W. (ad), 88 mm.

5. OSMOTRERON BICINCTA DOMVILLII Swinh.
Robinson, Ibis 1915, p. 728.
2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 10 January 1918.
22. Islet near Pulau Panjang. 28, 29 January 1918.
W. 6,157 mm.; 8, 157, 163.
In the Malay Peninsula this green pigeon is rare and sporadic
south of Trang, and has not been met with at all south of Kuala
Selangor.

6. OSMOTRERON VERNANS (Linn.).

Robinson, p. 135.
Osmotreron viridis, Miller, p. 78.

VOL. 11, NO. II, 1918.

90 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

d,4 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 5—12 January
1918.

3d, 2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19—26 January 1918.

3,2 2. Islet near Palau Panjang. 29, 30 January 1918.

W. od, 142, 148, 150, 146, 147 mm. &, 147, 140, 141, 136,
139, 141, 143.

7. TRERON CURVIROSTRA NIPALENSIS (Hodgs.).

Robinson, p 135.

3 vixad. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19, 20 December
1918.

W. 139, 133 mm.

8. CARPOPHAGA ZNEA ZNEA (Linn.).
Robinson, p. 136; Kloss, Lbis 1918, p. 33.
2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 25 January 1918.
W. 222 mm.

9. CotumBa punicea (Tick.).
Robinson. p. 136,
3. Telok Palas, Junk Seylon. 7 February 1918.
W. 214 mm.

10. STREPTOPELIA SURATENSIS TIGRINA (Temm.).

Robinson, p. 137.
Turtur tigrinus, Miller, p. 182.

2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 26 December 1917.
W. 143 mm.

11. Groretia stTRiaATA (Linn.).
Robinson, p. 137; Miiller, p 79.
2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3 January 1918
W. 98 mm.

12. CuatcopHars rmpica (Linn.).
Robinson, p. 137.
3,22. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3-—6 January
1918.
2. Koh Alang Yai. 8 February 1918.
2. Koh Maprau. 10 February 1918.
W. ¢, 149 mm.; %, 144, 143, 188, 144.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 91-.

13. Ravina Fascrata (Raffles).
Robinson, p. 137.
2 sexad. Pulau Sireh, east side of Junk Seylon. 15 Febru-
ary 1918.
W. 145 mm.
14. AMAURORNIS PHCENICURA CHINENSTIS (Bodd.).

Robinson, p. 138.

Krythra phoenicura, Miller, p. 86.

¢. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 21 January 1918.

2. Islet near Pulau Panjang. 31 January 1918,

W. osh7s muy Se 57.

15. SaRrCOGRAMMUS INDICA ATRINUCHALIS Jerd.

Robinson. p. 138; Kloss, This 1918, p. 85.
Lobivanellus atrinuchalis, Miller, p. 82.

¢. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 8 January 1918,
¢. Telok Poh, Pulav Panjang, 20 January 1918.
W. 214, 222 mm.
16. Trincompes HypoLtEucus (Linn.).
Robinson, p, 140; Miiller, p. 85.
~@. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 8 January 1918,
3. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang., 21 January 1918.
W.¢o, 107 mm. -2, 103.
17. GALLINAGO STENURA ( Bp.)
Robinson, p. 145.
2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 24 January 1918,
2. Islet near Pulau Panjang. 31 January 1918.
W. 128, 127 mm.
18. PsEUDOTANTALUS LEUCOCEPHALUS (Penn.).
tobinson, Journ, Fed. Malay States Mus. V, p. 88 (1913).
2.imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4 January 1918.
W. 455 mm.
Wing coverts dull brown, tertiaries rosy pink.
19. Dissoura repiscopus (Bodd.).
Miiller, p. 89.
2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 51 December 1918.
W. 490 mm.

VOL. FHI, NO. 11, 1918.

92 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

20, Leprroprinus JAvanicus (Horsf.).
Leptoptilus dubius, Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 16.
S$. Koh Naka Yai. 4 February 1918.
W.°620 mm.
The specimen recorded by us as L. dubius (loc. cit. supra) turns
out, On re-examination, to be a large male of J. javanicus in breeding
It has a coppery bronze subterminal band to the secondary

plumage.
coverts and no black tips to the under tail-coverts.

21, GRAPTOCEPHALUS DAVISONT (Tfume).

Robinson, p. 141.

Pseudibis papiblona, Miiller, p. 84.

2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 31 December 1918:
2 2. Koh Naka Yai. 4 February 1918.

W. 305, 400, 390 mm,

22. DerMIEGRETTA SACRA (Gm.)

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 15.

¢ 2 Telok Poh, Palau Panjang. 21 January 1978.

3 Koh Boi Yai. 2 February 1918.

W. ¢. 280, 275; 2 260 mm.

All three birds are in the grey phase and in breeding plumage,

23. Burortpes Javanica (Tlorsf.).

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 15: Miillér, p. 84.

6.2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 21—26 January 1918.

W. ¢ 175: 9167 mm.

24. ARDEOLA GRAYI (SyYKEs).

7. 9. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19—25 Jannary 1918.

W. d. 220; 2 206. mm.

These birds are in winter plumage and cannot be identified with
any great certainty. They are, however, rather small for A. baecchus
(Bp.), which occurs in the same district.

25, ASARCORNIS SCUTULATA LEUCOPTERA (Blyth),

Robinson & Kloss, [bis 1911, p. 20.

4 3. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.

W. 372, 364, 355, 35h mm,

1—!) January 1918.

JOURN, NAT. MIST. SOC. SIAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 93

All the four birds have the knob on the angle of. the wing
well pronounced. One, apparently very adult, is entirely black be-
neath ; the three others rusty brown with a more or less pronounced
black pectoral collar.

26. Denprocycena JAVANICA (Horsf.).
Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 191], p. 21.
25,2 2. ad., 2 2.imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.
1—3 January 1918.
W. ¢ 175, 155 (moult); 2. 170, —, 175, 175 mm.

27. Lopuosprizias TRIVIRGATUS (Temm.). .
? imm. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 27 December 1918.
W. 240 mm.

Not a very common bird in the Malay Peninsula.

28. ASTUR BADIUS POLIOPSIS (Tlume).
Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 22 ; Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 87.
12 imm. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19 December 1918.
22ad. 12imm. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20-—26 Janu-
ary 1918.
W. 2 ad. 216, 211: 9 imm, 216; 205 mm. ~ *

The adults are without any trace of a post-cervical rufous collar.

29, SPIZAETUS LIMNAETUS (Tlorsf.).
Robinson & Kloss, p. 23.
¢. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 8 January 1918.
3. Koh Naka Yai. 4 February 1918.
W. 380, 383 mm.

30. Burastur inpicus (Gin.).
Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p- 23
2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 1 January 1918.
W. 330. mm.
Rare in the Peninsula, the only definite records being a speci-

men from Singapore Id. and two from Langkawi.

~31. DU ALIASTUR INDUS INTERMEDIUS Gurney.

Hlaliastur indus, Miiller, p. 76.

VOL Tid) NOF L093)

94 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsnlar Siam. 8 January 1918.
W. 407 mm.
32. Baza Lorrnores (Tenm.).

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 25; Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 88 :

Miiller, p. 125-
3.¢,4 2%. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, 2—10 Jan-

uary 1918.
2 2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 26 December 1918.
1 2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 23 January 1918.
1c. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 29 January 1918.
W. &. 236, 232, 236, 2386,; 2. 245, 240, 231, 254, 224, 238,
256 mm.
All fully adult birds, probably on migration.
33. Portoarrus icurnyarrus (Horsf.
Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 30.
@, Koh Alang Yai. 9 February 1918.
¢ imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2 Jannary 1918.
W. 2 ad. 462; 5 imm. 470 mm.
34. Ketupa ketura (Horsf.).
Ketupa javanensis, Robinson & Kloss, lbis 1911, p. 30.
$. 2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19 Jannary 1915:
2. Koh Alang Yai. .9 February 1918.
W. 3.330; ¢ 338, 341 mm.
35. OrTus scops MALAYANA (Tlay).

Robinson, p. 145.
3. Telok Palas, Junk Seylon. 6 February 1918.
W. 143. mm.
A very pale grey bird.

36. NINOX SCUTULATA MALACCENSIS ([vton).. -
Robinson, p. 145 : Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 89.
?. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 81 December 1918.
W. 199. mm.
Apparently belongs to the darker, smaller resident form.

)

37. SyrniumM sELoputo (Tlorsf. ).
Robinson & Nloss, Ibis 1911, p. 3.

JOURN, SAY. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 95

$. Koh Boi Yai. -2 February 1918.

W. 342 mm.

38. HEURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS ORIENTALIS (Linn. ).
Robinson, p. 151.

3 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—7 January 1918.

W 177,165; 185°mm.

39. IURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS CALONYX Sharpe.
1d, 1 9,1? Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 31

December—5 January 1918.

but tl

1 2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 26 December 1917.

1 2. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 21—29 January 1918.

W. od 192s 2 £99; 195,186 sex? 196 mm.

Hxtremes of the two races of H. orientalis are readily separated,
ere are many intermediate birds which it is hard to assign to

either form.

1918.

40. ALCEDO ISPIDA BENGALENSIS Gm.

Robinson p. 146.
Alcedo bengalensis, Miiller, p. 44.

1 3d. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 26 December 1918.
1 3,19. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19—26 January 1918.
1 2. Koh Alang Yai. 8 February 1918.
W. cd. 78,69 @. 70,-71 mm.
41. ALcEepDo MENINTING Horsf.

Miller, p. 45; Robinson, p. 146.
3. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21 December 1918.
W. 62 mm. :

42. Hancyon sMyrNensIs rusca (Bodd.).
Robinson, Ibis 1915, p. 732.

1¢,2 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.. 1—-7 January

1d. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 24 January 1918.
33,22. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 28—31 January 1918.
Wd 118, 116, 105,.117,,820' 5, @ 122,421, 118, 117 mm.

43. Hancyon prueata (Bodd.).

Robinson, p. 148.
Entomobia pileata, Miiller, p. 46.

VOL. NOs 1918,

96 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

12 Telok Palas, Junk Seylon. 7 February 1918.
1 ¢ Koh Maprau. 10 February 1918.
W. ¢ 129, 2 188 mm.

44. Haxcyon caxoris (Bodd. ).
Robinson, p. 149.
Sauropatis chloris, Miller, p. 46.
1d,22 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang, 19—26 January 1918.
W. 3 99 2 105,97 mm.

45, DicHocrros BicorNIs (Linn.).
Robinson, p. 150; Miller, p 50.
3,2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 38—7 January
1918.
26. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20 December 1917.
W. 6 480, 480, 477: 2. 440. mm.

46, ANTHRACOCEROS ALBIROSTRIS (Shaw & Nodder).

Robinson, p. 150.
Hydrocissa albirostris, Miiller, p. 47.

?. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2 January 1918.
W. 252 mm.

47. RuyYTIDOCEROS UNDULATUS (Shaw).
Robinson, p. 150; Miiller, p. 48.
¢ 2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 18—20 December 1917.
W. ¢ 472; 2 407 mm.

48. Upupa EPOPS LONGIROSTRIS Jerd.
Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 92.
(pupa longirostris, Miiller, p. 43.

i Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 24 January 1918.
7 3,22. Islet near Pulau Panjang. 28—381 January 1918.
Pulau Sireh, east side, Junk Seylon. 13 February 1918.

W- ¢. 150, 141, 187, 135, 135, 138, 189, 142, 1387. 2 135,
134 mm.

There seems much variation in size in the Hoopoes obtained in
Siam and the Malay Peninsula, but as the birds are largely migrant it
is possible that the different sized birds have different breeding ranges.

49, MbeLITTOPHAGUS LESCHENAULTI SWINHOEI Hume.

Robinson, p. 152.
Merops quinticolor, Miller, p 44.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM, 97

12 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 11 January 1918.

43,52 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19—27 December
1917.

246,192. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19—24 January 1918.

W. ¢ 104, 104, 108, 108, 105, 105; 2 107, 106, 109, 105, 106,
103, 102 mm.

50. Nycttornis amicta (Temm. ).
$ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 9 January 1918.
W. 128 mm.

51. LyNcorRNIS CERVINICEPS (Gould).
Robinson, Ibis 1915, p. 735 ; Robinson & Kloss, [bis 1911, p. 38.

23, 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21 December 1917.
W. ob 296 2 292. mm.

52, CAPRIMULGUS MACRURUS AMBIGUUS Hartert.

Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus, Robinson, p. 153.

Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 94.

Caprimulgus macrurus, Muller, p. 51.

$. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 24 December 1917.

2. Pulau Sireh. 14 February 1918.

W. ¢ 201; 2 190 mm.

Not materially different, either in size or tint, from birds from
Selangor and the vicinity of Malacca.

53. PYROTROGON ORESKIOS UNIFORMIS Robinson.
Robinson, p. 149.

Pyrotrogon oreskios, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 97.

Orescius gouldi (Swains.).

2 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21—27 December 1917.
W. 120, 121 mm.

54. SuRNICULUS LUGUBRIS DICRUROIDES (Hodgs.).

Robinson, p. 156; Kloss, [bis 1918, p. 97.
Cacangelus lugubris (Horsf.), Muller, p. 52.

1 3, 5 9. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 1-—4 January
Eoig.

3 6, 1-2, 3? Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20—24 De-
cember 1917.

1 2. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 31 January 1918.

VOL. III, NO. II, 1918.

98 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

W. ¢ 182, 189, 487,987 -2 187,136; 497, .1357 186, Te,
155; sex ? 142, 135, 1385 mm.

55. HrerococcyxX sSPARVERIOIDES (Vig.).
Robinson, p, 159
3 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3 January 1918.
$ Islet off Pulau Panjang. 30 January 1915.
W. 227, 232 mm.

56, PENTHOCERYX SONNERATI PRAVATA ( Horsf. ).

Robinson & Kloss, Journ. F.M.S. Mus, VIII, Pt ii, p. 185 (1918).
Penthoceryx sonnerati, Miller, p. 52. :

Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, 6 January 1918.
W. 110 mm.

57. CACOMANTIS MERULINUS QUERULUS Heine.
Cacomantis querulus, Heine, J. f. O-, 1868, p. 352.
Cacomantis threnodes, Miiller, p. 53.
Cacomantis merulinus querulus, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 98.
2d ad.;1 6 vix ad. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam
4—9 January 1918.

1¢,12imm. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 25, 26 January

191s.

W. 3 106, 109, 102 (vix ad.), 106; 2 105.

Rather smaller on the average than the true C. m. querulus from
Tenasserim, but larger than typical C. m. merulinus from Java and with
a darker belly: larger than ©, m. threnodes Heine, from Malacca.

58. CHALCOCOCCYX MACULATUS (Gm.).

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 41.

(2. ‘Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 6,7 January 1918,

W. 8 1085 2: 00/2 mam.

A very rare bird throughout the Peninsula, but commoner in
the north.

59. KUDYNAMIS ORIENTALIS MALAYANA Cab. & Heine.

Robinson, p. 160; Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 99
Eudynamis malayanus, Miller, p. 54.

3 5,1 2. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 28—30 January 1918.

2 ¢. Koh Naka Yai. 4 February 1918.

1 2. Pulau Sireh, east coast, Junk Seylon, 14 February
1918.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 99

2 2. Koh Alang Yai. 8 February 1918.

W. co. 203, 203, 198, 196, 205: 2. 186, 200, 201, 197 mm.

We have placed all this series under FE. 0. malayana, though two
females from Pulau Panjang and Koh Alang Yai appear to agree with
E. o. honorata (Linn.). The size of the whole series is on the maximum
limit of 17. 0. honorata and the minimum of £. 0. malayana, and we are
not convinced that the continental birds are really separable.

60. CENTROPUS SINENSIS INTERMEDIUS (Hume).

Robinson, p. 157.

Centrococcyx rufipennis ( Ill. ), Miiller, p. 59.

3 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3 January 1918.

2. 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20—23 December 1917.

2 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 23 January 1918,

2 Islet off Pulau Panjang. 28 January 1918.

W. ¢ 203; 2 200, 204, 215, 204 mm.

61. Ruoropytes piarDI (Less.).

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 42.
2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 10 January 1918.
W. 128 mm.

62, RuopopyTEs suMATRANUS (Raffles),
Robinson, p. 158 ; Miiller, p. 57.
2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 10 January 1818.
W. 1385 mm.
63. Urococcyx rErRYTHROGNATHUS (Hartl.).

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 48.

Rhampococcyx erythrognathus, Miller, p. 57.

24,292. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4—8 January
1918.

2 2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 24—26 December 1917.

W.- d4-£75,.177 325 174, 165, 175, 165: mm.

64. CaLoRHAMPHUS HAYI (J. E. Gray).

Robinson, p, 165.
2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20 December 1917.
W. 85 mm.

Almost at the northern limit of its range.

VOL. III, NO. 11, 1918.

100 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

65, CYANOPS MYSTACOPHANES AURANTIIFRONS, subsp. nov.

Megalzma mystacophanes, Miiller, p. 75.

Differs from all other forms of the species in having the fore-
head orange, merging more gradually into the crimson of the occiput,
not clear bright yellow sharply defined therefrom.

T'ype. Adult male. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3
January 1918.

Wing, 99; tail, 56; tarsus, 27; bill from gape, 42 mm.

Specimens examined :—

2¢ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3—5 January 1918.

3,3 imm. Pulau Sireh, near Junk Seylon. 14 February
1918.

W. 99,-99, 99,92 (imm.).

We have compared with this series a male from the Bencoolen
district of Sumatra (typical of the species ), 3 males (1 imm.) from
Sarawak, typical of C. m. hwmit Marshall, which is very doubtfully
distinct, and 11 adults from various parts of the Malay Peninsula,
which also agree with the Sumatran birds but have been named
C. quadricolor (Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105; On Malaccan birds ).
Miiller (loc. cit. supra ) has already noted the differences cited above.

- 66. Méesopucco DUVAUCELI STUARTI, subsp. noy.

Xantholema Duvaucelli, Miiller, p. 75.

A form allied to M. d. cyanotis and, like it, with blue ear-coverts
and a poorly developed black pectoral patch and pale red sub-
ocular spot intermixed with yellow ; but post-auricular and post-malar
spots deep red and the sizs noticeably smaller.

Type. Adult male. Collected at Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon
on 22 December, 1917.

W. 78, 75,* 73; Tail, 49, 49," 49; Bill from gape, 24.5, 25.0,*
24.5 mm.

This is the bird which we have hitherto regarded as typical
M. d, cyunotis (Blyth), which is not the case. Mesobucco duvauceli
ortentalist Robinson, a larger bird with yet paler red areas on the
head, is possibly. synonymous with the true M. d. cyanotis, a point

* Type.

ft Ibis 1915, p. 738.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 101

which can be only decided by examination of the types or other
specimens from Arakan.

Range. As at present known, Bandon to Trang.

Specimens examined. Nine (wings, 73—79). Wing, M d.
orientalis, 883—84 mm.

67. XANTHOLZMA HEMACEPHALA (P. L. S. Miill.).

Robinson, p. 165, Miiller, p. 75.

25,4 2 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 21—26 January 1918.

1 3 Islet near Pulau Panjang. 29 January 1918.

W o 84, 78, 84 mm. 2 79, 78, 76 (worn), 76 mm.

68. Gercrnus viripanus (Blyth).

Gecinus viridanus, Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8S. Maus., vii, p. 1645
Kloss, [bis 1918, p. 104.
Gecinus weber’, Miiller, p. 69.

22. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21—26 December 1917.

3, 2. Koh Maprau. 11 February 1918.

¢. Koh Boi Yai. 2 February 1918.

3, 2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20—25 January 1918.

d. Pulau Panjang North. 380 January 1918.

3, 2. Pulau Sireh. 13,14 February 1918.

3S. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 1 January 1918.

W. ¢G, 180, 138, 135, 129, 186, 185. 2, 134, 186, 188, 186, 182.

Junk Seylon specimens were described as a distinct species by
Miiller under a misapprehension, as he compares them throughout with
G. striolatus (Blyth) and G. vittatus (Vieill.), but does not mention the
present form. The above series, and others from Pulau Lontar, Pulau
Muntia and Pulau Telibun, agree with those from the mainland, though
there is considerable variation in the limit of green above and below,
some being much more bronzy than others.

69. GECINULUS VIRIDIS ROBINSONI Kloss.
Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 105.
2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2 January 1918.
W 2 127 mm.
The distinctions on which this race is founded are somewhat
fine,but are stil! perceptible when a large series is examined.

70. Iynereicus canicapittus Blyth.
Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 46

VOL. UI, NO. It, 19.8.

102 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

2 ¢, 2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 21—24 January 1918.
@. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 28 January 1918.
W. 5. 83, 78; 2? 84, 83, 81 mm.

71. MICROPTERNUS BRACHYURUS ( Vieill.).
1¢,1? Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 31 December
1917.
W. 112, 117 mm.

72. CALLOLOPHUS MINIATUS MALACCENSIS (Lath.).

Callolophus malaccensis, Miller, p. 68.

1¢,1 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 10 January
1918.

12. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 25 December 1917.

W. o 127; 2 127, 127 mm.

Showing uo approach to C. m. perlutus from Koh Lak, 8. W.
Siam (Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 110).

73. CHRYSOCOLAPTES GUTTACRISTATUS GUTTACRISTATUS
(Tickell).

Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus indo-malayicus, Robinson, p. 162.
Indopicus strictus, Miiller, p. 61.
Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus guttacristatus, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 111.

2¢. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 10—12 January

14. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21 December 1917.

Q Islet off Pulau Panjang. 9 January 1918.

¢ Koh Naka Yai. 5 February 1918.

W. ¢o 151, 155, 158, 158; 9 155 mm.

The specimen from Junk Seylon is an absolute topotype of
Chrysocolaptes quttacristatus indo-malayicus, Hesse (Ornith. Monatsb.,
p. 182). We think however that the author has diagnosed his form
by comparison with the large Himalyan and not with the typical central
Indian race, and that any real differences therefore remain to be
demonstrated.

74. SASIA ABNORMIS EVERETTI Hargitt.
Sasia abnormis, Robinson & Kloss, p. 48.
& Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 10 January 1915,

W.. 535 mm.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 103

75. CALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS Raffles.
Muller, p. 41.
2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 22 December 1917.

W. 107 mm.

76. CORYDON SUMATRANUS (Raffles).
Muller, p. 43.
22. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20—22 December 1917.
W. 136, 138.

77. CYMBORHYNCHUS MACRORHYNCHUS MALACCENSIS Salvad.

Muller, p. 42.

1¢,3 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—12 Janu-
ary 1918.

W. ¢ 100 mm.; 2 97, 97, 94.

The male has a white spot on the 4th pair of tail feathers; one
female has 3 pairs of tail feathers spotted, one has 4 pairs spotted and a
spot on the inner web of the fifth pair.

78. EucICHLA GURNEYI Hume.

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 49.
Pitta gurney’, Hume, Stray Feathers, III, p. 296, pl. ILL.

$ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21 December 1917.

W. 102 mm.

Apparently not nearly so common on this island as on the main-
land of Trang, further to the south.

79. HiIRUNDO BADIA Cass.
Robinson, p. 166.
1 5,2 2, Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—5 January
1918.
W. 139; 2 138, 187 mm.

80. HEMICHELIDON SIBIRICA FULIGINONA (Hodgs.).
Hemichelidon fuliginona, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32.
?,1(?)imm. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 18—27 Decem-
ber 1917.

W. 27; imm. (?) 70 mm.

The unsexed bird is very much darker above and below, with a
smaller bill and rufous buff edgings to the wing coverts well marked :

VOL, III, NO. II, 1918,

104 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

it is probably younger than the other specimen. ‘The species is rare
in the Malay Peninsula. We have half a dozen specimens from Trang
to Selangor shot in December, January or April.

81. ALSEONAX LATIROSTRIS (Raffles).
Robinson, p. 168 ; Miiller, p. 11.
3 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2 January 1918.
3, 2, Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 26, 27 December 1917.
$ Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19 January 1918.
2 2 Islet near Pulau Panjang. 30, 31 January 1918.
W. G, 67, 68, 67; 2 66, 68, 68 mm.

82. CYORNIS MAGNIROSTRIS Blyth.

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 51 (Trang.

[2] d imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 12 January
1918,

6, 2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21 December 1917.

W. ¢ 78, 74 imm. 76 (imm. Trang) ; 2 75.

The specimen sexed [2] by the collector (but almost certainly
an immature male, as it has a few blue feathers on the forehead) pre-
cisely agrees with the immature males from Chong Hill, Trang, obtain-
ed by us in December 1910.

83. MUSCITREA GRISOLA GRISOLA (Blyth).
Robinson, p. 169.
¢ Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20 January 1918.
W. 86 mm.

84. GERYGONE MODIGLIANI PECTORALIS Davison.

Gerygone pectoralis, Davison, Ibis 1892, p 99.

Gerygone griseus, Gyldenstolpe, Ornith. Monatsb. p. 27 (1916): id.
Kungl. Sv. Akad. Handl.,, 56, No. 2, p. 78, Pl. 2, fig. 2 (1917).

? Islet near Pulau Panjang. 28 January 1918.

W. 48 mm.

We have dealt elsewhere with Gerygone griseus, founded on a
single specimen from Kok Lak. The form appears quite inadmissible
even as a subspecies, but it is futile to attempt to divide the species
into local races based on single individuals.

85. HyporTHYMIS AZUREA PROPHATA Oberholser.
Robinson, p. 170; Kloss, Ubis 1918, p. 191.

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM.

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 105

¢ imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4 January 1918.
$ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 22 December 1917.

23 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 23—26 January 1918...

W. ¢ 69 (imm.), 70; 2 72, 72 mm.

86. RHIPIDURA JAVANICA (Sparrm.).
Kloss. Ibis 1918, p. 192.
2 Koh Boi Yai. 3 February 1918.
W. 73 mm.

87. TERPSIPHONE PARADISI AFFINIS (A. Hay).

Robinson, p. 170.

Terpsiphone affinis, Muller, p. 11.

¢ 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—10 January 1918.

3, imm. 2 imm. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19—25
December 1917.

$ Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 23 January 1918.

W. & 87, 87, 84 (imm.) 8&8; 2 87, 79 (imm.),

88. LALAGE FIMBRIATA NEGLECTA (Hume).

Campophaga neglecta, Robinson & Kloss, Ibis. 1918, p. 54-

1, d ad. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19 December 1917.

Sad. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20 January 1918.

2 Islet off Pulau Panjang. 29 January 1918.

W. o 97, 104; 2 100 mm.

The species grades from a form with grey head, white under
tail-coverts and broad white tips to the tail feathers=L. f. neglecta
(Hume) supra, to one with black head, dark grey under tail-coverts and

only faint grey tips to the tail feathers=L. schierbrandi Pelzeln, from
Borneo.

89. PERICROCOTUS ROSEUS (Vieill.).
Oates, Faun, Brit. Ind. Birds, ii, p. 486 (1889).

2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21 December 1917.
W. 87 mm.

_ This species also has not hitherto been recorded from south
of Mergui.

90. PERICROCOTUS CINEREUS Lafr.
Robinson, p. 168, Miller, p. 13.

VOL. Ill, NO. 11, 1918.

106

1917.

MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 9 January 1918.
W. 93 mm.

91. PERICROCOTUS CANTONENSIS Swinh.
Swinh., Ibis 1861, p. 42.
Pericrocotus cinereus, Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 1911, p. 55 (partim).
2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 5 January 1918.
26,22. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19—23 December

W. o 92,87; 2 86, 87, 89 mm.
We have two specimens from Chong, Trang, shot on the 10th

December 1909, which were erroneously identified as P. cinereus in

our paper on that collection. The species can always be separated

from females and young of P. cinereus by the pale clay-coloured rump

and upper tail-coverts, these parts being uniform with the mantle in

the former species.

sula.

The bird has not hitherto been recorded from the Malay Penin-

It has been obtained at Malewoon, S. Tenasserim, by Mr. Oates

collectors (Stray Feathers, X, p. 200 (1887).

1918.

92. AEGITHINA VIRIDISSIMA (Bp.).
Robinson, p. 171.
1 ¢ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 28 December 1917.
W. 60 mm.

93. A®THORHYNCHUS LAFRESNAYEI (Hartl.).
Tora Lafresnayei Miiller, p. 15.
3 ¢, 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3—12 January

1 ¢ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 23 December 1917.
W. ¢ 70, 72, 70, 73 mm; 2 69.

94. CHLOROPSIS ICTEROCEPHALA (Wald.).
Robinson, p. 172.
Phyllornis icterocephala, Muller, p, 34.
2 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon, 22—25 December 1917,
1 2 Pulau Sireh, E. side Junk Seylon. 13 February 1918.
W. 79, 78, 76.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

«

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 107

v 95. CHLOROPSIS CYANOPOGON SEPTENTRIONALIS subsp. nov.

The northern birds down to about Kedah differ from southern
Perak, Selangor, Pahang and Negri Sembilan and also Bornean speci-
mens in having a clearly defined, though narrow, yellow line dividing
the black of the throat from the green of the breast. The forehead also
is distinctly yellower in the northern birds. These distinctions are
quite constant in the lirge series of specimens available, though we |
have unfortunately been unable to examine adult males from
Sumatra.

Type of the subspecies ¢ and 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular
Siam, 11 and 8 January 1918.

¢ Wing, 80 ; tail, 68; tarsus, 18; bill from gape 19 mm.

? Wing, 70; tail, 60; tarsus, 18 ; bill from gape, 19 mm.

3 ¢ad.,1¢ imm. 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.
2-—11 January 1918.

246 2ad. Chong, Trang, Peninsular Siam. 3—16 December
1909.

2d ad. Perlis, Malay States, Siam. 3—2l November 1919.

¢ 2 Gurun, Kedah, Malay States. 14 December 1915.

W. ¢ 80, 81, 78, 80, 76, 73, 81, 78 mm.; 2 70,75, 75 mm,

96. IRENA PUELLA PUELLA (Lath.).
Irena puella, Miiller, p. 29.
? Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 9 January 1918.
43,12 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 18—25 December

33,12, d imm. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang 21—26 January

W. o 124, 123, 124, 120, 125, 118, 119, 120; 2. 114, 118 mm.

97, MuiIcROTARSUS MELANOCEPHALUS (Gin. ).

Robinson, p 173,

Prosecuna melanocephala, Miller, p28

3 5 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 1—12 Jannary t9Ls.
13,3 2 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20—24 January 1918,

1 6 Islet off Pulau Panjang. 30 January 1918.

Waid 78;:75, 79,79. 78-9 78.. 78. 77 min.

VOL. ILL, NO. I, 191s,

108 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

98. CRINIGER OCHRACEUS (Moore).

Criniger cubanisi, Miiller, J. f. O. 1882, p. 384.

Criniger sordidus, Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Maus., p. 320 (1900).

Criniger salangae, Sharpe, Handl. Birds, ILI, p. 316 (1901).

Criniger ochraceus, Robinson, Ibis 1915, p. 746.

2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 6 January 1918.

W. 99 mm.

The Ghirbi bird is sufficiently close to the type locality of @C.
cabanisi Mill. (Junk Seylon ) to enable us to predicate that no differ-
ences occur in specimens from the two localities. The above speci-
men agrees exactly with a paratype of C. sordidus and others from
Trang which we have elsewhere shown to be in all probability referable
to C. ochraceus Moore, the type of which was obtained by Helfer pro-
bably in the Mergui district of Tenasserim.

99. TRACHYCOMUS OCHROCEPHALUS (Gin.).
Z 1 ¢,5 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, 8—12 January
1918.
W.o 118;'2 122, 118; 120 2m.
100. Pyexonorus ANALIS (Torsf.),
Loedoruna.analis, Muller, p. 27.
Islet off Pulau Panjang. 350 January 1918.
W. 86 mm.
101. Pycnonorus FINLAYSONT (Strickl.).
Robinson, p. 173.
Loedoruna finlayssoni, Muller, p 28,
1 ¢,1 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3—11 Jannary
1918.
1 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19 December 1917.
W. ¢ 78: 2 79, 80 mm.
102. Pyexnonorus pLumosus Blyth.

Robinson, p. 174.
Loedoruna plumosus, Maller, ». 27.

2 ¢ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—12 January 1918.
1 3 Klong Tang Sai, Junk Seylon. 24 December 1917.
3 5,8 2 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20—26 January 1918.

$ @ Islet off Pulau Panjang. 30, 51 January 1918.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 109

1918.

1918.

? Koh Naka Yai. 4 February 1918.
W. ¢o 83, 87, 85, 89, 85, 86, 83; 2 82, 83, 81, 86, 84 mm.

103. Pycnonorus Brunnevs (Blyth).
Pycnonotus simpler, Robinson, p. 174.
1 3, Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 7 January 1918.
S 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19—22 December 1917.
W. 3 86, 86; 2 80 mm.

104. Orocomrsa EMERIA (Shaw.)

Otocompsa pyrrhotis (Hodg.), Miiller, p. 26.
13,282. Nong Kok Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4—7 January

Pudi 2; 2..- Polaw-Sivehs 14 February 1918.
WSs OTA Set, To, 12. PO Tee ink
105. OvrocoMPsa FLAVIVENTRIS utINOR Kloss.
Ibis, 1918, p. 209.
3. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4 January 1918
Wing 82 ma.
Agrees with the type of this slightly differentiated subspecies.
LOG.) PELLORNEUM SUBOCHRACEUM Swinh.

Robinson, p. 175.
Pellorneum minor, Miller, p. 19

23,3 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—11 January

2¢ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 22—27 December 1917.
W. 65, 65, 59, 60; 2 57, 60, 64 mm.

107. MALAcocINCLA ABBOTTT (Blyth).

Trichastoma abbotti. Miller. p. 28.
Malacocincla abbotti, Robinson, p. 175,
Malacocincla abbotti abbotti, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p 202.

25,2 2,1? Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19--24 Decem-

ber 1917.

VOL.

43,2 2 Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19—25 January 1918.
1 & Islet off Pulau Panjang. 28 January 1918.

1 2 Koh Boi Yai. 2 February 1918.

Wee 26 fo, Ca. 77, toy. 104-2 OO fay fap 12. 70,.73 mms

III, NO. 11, 1918.

110 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

108. Turptnus MAGNIRostrRis Moore.
3. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 22 December, 1918.
W. 76 mm.

109. TurpinuS MACRODACTYLUS (Striekl. )
Muller, p. 18.
; Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. Il January 1918.
W. 87 mm.
This locality marks the northernmost extension of this Malayan
Ground- Babbler.

110. CyYANODERMA ERYTHROPTERUM (Blyth).

Napodes erythroptera ( Blyth), Miller, p. 19.

Cyanoderma erythropterum sordida, Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club.,

XXXVUII, p. 10 (1917).

2 ¢ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19—24 December 1917.

W. 59, 61 mm.

These specimens are no darker than birds from Negri Sembilan,
in close vicinity to the original type locality.

111. MrxorNIS RUBRICAPILLA CONNECTENS Kloss.

Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 207.

Mixornis rubricapilla rubricapilla, or subps. noy., Robinson, p. 177.
Mixornis gularis, Miiller, p. 18.

¢ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 11 January 1918.

$.?. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 25, 26 December.
W. 58, 60, 60 mm.

1!2. MyropHonrus EUGENE! CRAssIROsTRIS Robinson.

Robinson, p. 178.

6 5,22. Nong Kok Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 51 December,
1917—9 January 1918,

W. ¢ 180, 172, 164, 172, 170, 164; 2 170, 157 mm.

All these birds have pale tips to the wing coverts and strongly
marked whiter bases to the body feathers, and cannot therefore be
referred to M. ewjenei which occurs at Koh Lak, 250 miles to the north,
(vide Ibis 1918, p. 207 ).

ri3: GEOCICHLA CITRINA CITRINA (Lath. ).
Robinson, p- 179.

2 2 ad.. 1 ¢ imm.,3 2. None Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.
}—12 January 1918.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 111

29,2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 18--26 December

1918.
29,49. Pulau Sireh, near Junk Seylon, 13, 14 February 1918,

246,32. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 19—24 January 1918.

2d, 2%sexad. Koh Boi Yai. 2 February 1918,

We GMO) iEies 2 1S) Gai), A227 1S, V7) 117, 112; 113;
110; 2 118, 112, 111, 114, 112, 111, 113, 109, 112, 116, 118, 109 mm.

This fine series shows that old females approach the male in
colouration, thongh they always have some mark of ochraceous on the
mantle.

Some immature birds have darker ear-coverts with a paler me-
dian transverse bar, therein agreeing with ths Hainan bird, “J'urdus”
citrinus aurimacula, Hartert, Nov. Zool., XVII, p. 256 (1910). One
bird only has no signs of white on the wing converts. In contra-
distinction to Oates (Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 141 (1890), we have
never seen a bird south of Trang which has no white on the wing co-
verts, and doubt if they occur. We do not believe the species is found
in Malacca in the modern sense of the word.

114. Turpvus ogpscurvs (Gm.).

Robinson, p. 180.

Merula obscura, Miiller, p. 5.

2 2 ad. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 11, 12 January 1918.
Qad. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 23 January 1918.

? ad. Pulau Sireh, W. side Junk Seylon. 14 February [918.

W. 123, 117, 114, 118 mm.
115. Monricota sonirartus pANDOO (Sykes).

Robinson, p. 180.

Monticola solitarius, Miller (part.), p. 5.

2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsalar Siam. 12 January 1918.
2d vix ad. Koh Alang Yai. 8 February 1918.

?imm. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 25 January 1918.
Woe LS, Pie = Stee NLS,

Agreeing with specimens from the islands further south,
116. MonricoLa sorrrartus printpprnsts (P. 1.8. Mull.).

Robinson, p. 181.
Monticola solitarius, Miiller. p. & (part).

VOL If¥, NO. IT, 4918.

112 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

3 vixad. d imm. 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. -
4—12 January 1918.

W. ¢o 120,113; 2 110 mm.

The nearly adult male has the vent and under-tailcoverts chest-

nut, the immature male has traces of chestnut on the belly.

117. Monticora GuLaris (Swinh.).
Hartert, Vog. Palaarkt. Faun. I, p. 673 (1910); Robinson, Ibis
1915, p. 752.
¢ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 5 January 1918.
W. 98 mm.
A rare species breeding in Manchuria and East Siberia. Win-
tering in S. Annam, Cambodia and Siam. One specimen is also on

record from the Perak Hills.
118. Hyprocrenia rronratis (Blyth).

3,2 imm Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 25, 26 December
1918.
W. do 88; 288 mm.

119. Larvrvora cyanea (Pall.).
Robinson, p. 181.
gad. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 21 January 1918.
2 ad. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon, 22 December 1917.
W. ds. 7imm. 2. 67 mm.
120. Corsycnus sAuLaris musicus (RafHes).
Copsychus mindanensis, Miiller, p. 6.
¢. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 26 December 1917.
W. 94 mm.
The pale ashy brown colouration on the sides of the flanks is
much more marked than in most Malayan specimens.

121.) Krrrocrxcha MAcRURUS MACRURUS (Gm.).

Robinson, p. US1.

Copsychus macrourus, Miiller, p. 3.

3 ¢, 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2--12 January
1918,

*. @ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21-24 December LO17,

¢ Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20 January 1915.

Koh Boi Yai, KE. side Junk Seylon. 2 February 1918,

W. 5 92, 94, 93, 91, 92,94; 2. 85, 85 mm.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 113

122. ORTHOTOMUS ATRIGULARIS (Temm. ).
Robinson, p. 182.
$ Islet off Pulau Panjang. 530 January 1918.
W. 3d 45 mm.

123. Frankirnta ruresceys Blyth.
Franklinia rufescens beavani, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 211.

2d¢,2 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 9 January

1918. ee
W. ¢ 41, 43; 2 39. 41 mm.
_ 124. ARUNDINAX AEDON (Pall.).
Luseiniola aedon, Seebolm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. V. p. 121.
2d. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 1—11 January
1918:

-

W. 74, 77 mm.

This is the first authentic record of this species for the Malay
Peninsula, though it has been obtained by Davison as far south in
Tenasserim as Malewoon (Stray Feath. VI. p. 339 (1878).

125. PHYLLOSCOPUS SUPERCILIOSA SUPERCILIOSA (Gin.).

Robinson, p. 183.

¢ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 9 January 1918.

S$ Islet near Palau Panjang. 30 January 1918.

W. 56, 57 mm.

126. PuHyLLoscorus BOREALIS BOREALIS (Blas.).

Robinson. p. 185,

43,22. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—9 January
1918.

3d. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20—25 December 1917.

22. Islet near Palau Panjang. 30 January 1918.

W. d 61, 64, 62; 63) 63; 66,625 2, 61, 61, 67,62 mm.

These specimens have the first primary very narrow and short,
extending beyond the primary coverts.

$ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 12 January 1918.

$ Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 25 December 1917:

$ Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 21 January 1918.

W. 64, 62, 62 mm.

These birds are slightly darker above, with the first primary

VOL. If, NO. It, 1918.

114 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

broadly and decidedly longer; but in view of their size they can
hardly be considered P. b. wanthodryas Swinh. ‘The whole series have
the second primary between the 5th & 6th in length.

127. Payiioscopus coroxata (Temm. & Schleg.).
Miiller, p. 10.
3, 2. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 19—26 December 1917.
W. ¢ 61 2 57 mm.
128. TrEPHRODORNIS PELVICUS ANNECTENS Rob. & Kloss.

Journ, Fed. Malay States. Mus., VIII, p. 222 (1918).
Tephrodornis gularis, Miller, p. 19.

5d. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 20—26 December 1917.
W. 102, 103, 104, 105, 108 mm.
129. PLatyLopnus ARDESIACUS Cab.

Robinson & Kloss. [bis 1911, p. 69.
$, 2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 11 January 1918,
W. 143, 1387 mm.

130. Lantus crisratus crisrarus Linn,
Robinson, p. 184.
2d. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 3, 4 January 1918,
¢. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 27 December 1917.
? Islet off Pulau Panjang. 30 January 1918.
W. o 85, 88, 84, 29. 87 mm.

131. MELANOCHLORA SULTANEA FLAVOCRISTATA (Lafr.).

Robinson & Kloss, [his 1911, p. 70.
Miiller, p. 30.

$. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 9 January 1918.
W. 99 mm.
132. Corvus macrornyncuus (Wagl.).

Robinson & Kloss, Ibis 191, Pp fa fe
9. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, 31 December 1917.
W. 317 mm.

133. PhLarysmerus Leveoprervs (Temm.).
Robinson & Wloss, Ibis 1911, p. 71.

(ilenardus lencopterus, Muller, p. 41,

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

BIROS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 115

25,2 9. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 5--11 Janu-
ary 1918.
W. ¢ 192, 185; 2 194, 181 mm.

134. Dicrurus ANNEcTENS (Hodgs.).

Robinson, p..186, Miiller, p. 31.

1S ad. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 1 January 1918.

4 ¢ad, 3 5 imm, 22 ad.2 2imm. Klong Tung Sai, Junk
Seylon. 18—26 December 1917.

22imm. Telok Poh, Polau Panjang. 24—26 January 1918.

2 dad. 42 ad. 1 2 imm. Islet off Pulau Panjang 28--30
January 1918.

12 imm.- Telok’Palas, Junk Seylon. 7 February 1918.

13, 2.ad. Pulau Sireh. 13 February 1918.

W. o 146, 144, 141, 152, 146, 144, 189, 145, 140, 159, 145;
9. 146, 141, 142, 182, 142, 144, 147, 145, 142, 145, 148, 139,
141 mm.

No bird of this species has ever been obtained in the middle of
the winter in Indo-China north of about 15° N., or in midsummer in
Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsular south of about the same latitude,
so that we must conclude (as indeed is confirmed by observations in
the Straits of Malacea) that this species isa strictly migratory bird
and that Edolius affinis Blyth, has therefore no existence as a distinct
form. A re-examination of the type series of D. a. siamensis Kloss
(Ibis 1918, p. 226) shows that they are probably not conspecific with

this bird.

135. BucwanGa LoNGICAUDATA INTERMEDIA Blyth.

Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 298 (1846).
Dicrourus leucophaens, Miiller, p. 51.
Dicrurus nigrescens Oates, Faun, Brit. Ind, Birds, i, p. 815 (1889.)

36,12. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 29, 50 January 1918.
Woe TS) 129, 126: 2 134 10m.
This form does not extend further south than Kedah town.

whence we have four specimens shot in November |915.

136. Bucuanca LEucOGENYsS Walden.

Picrurus leucogenys. Robinson & Kloss, [bis 1911, p. 72.
Dicrourus leucogenus var salangensis, Rehuw., Nomencl. Mus, Hein.,
p. 69. (1890).

VOL) Ill, NO--11, L918.

116 MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Buchanga leucogenys, Miiller, p. 31.

36,2 2. 1? Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 2—9
January 1918.

.%. Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 25, 26 December

1917.

?. Telok Palas, Junk Seylon. 7 February 1918.

246,12. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 28—3) January 1918.

W. o, 140, 140, 136, 139, 142, 146; 9. 140, 182, 141, 137;
(7) 144 mm.

137. DiIsseMuRUS PARADISEUS.

Nong Koh, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 4 January 1918.

W. 136 mm.

The precise definition of races of D. paradiseus is render-
ed difficult by lack of knowledge as to the exact locality in Siam of |
the typical specimen of Brisson.

‘Siam ” as a geographical entity is inhabited by forms to which
at least two subspecific names have been applied, beside the typical one
viz., D. p. reungoonensis by Gyldenstolpe and JD. p. malayensis by
Kloss.

138. Orrotus mpicus Jerd.

Miller, p. 38; Robinson, p. 188.

4d ad., 6 2 ad., 6 2 imm. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular
Siam. 1—12 January 1918.

2d ad.,2 2 ad.,12imm. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20—
24 January 1918.

245 ad.. 1 QP ad.. 1 2 imm. Islet oft Pulau Panjang. 28--30
January 1918. |

12imm. Pulau Sireh. 13 February 1918.

W. ¢ 148, 149, 151, 141, 146, 146, 145, 161; 2 153, 150,
150, 152, 144, 148, 142, 145, 144 mm.

The adult females, in addition to their greener backs, appear to
differ from adults males in being slightly paler yellow beneath, while
even in the most adult birds there remain faint traces of shaft stripes

on the lower breast feathers.

139. ORrtoLus MELANOCEPHALIUs (Linn.).
Miller, p. 49; Robinson, p 187.

JOURN, NAT, HIST SOC, SIAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 117

Oriolus luteolus thacacous, Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XXXVIII,

p. 63 (1918).
?. Nong Kok, Girbi, Peninsular Siam. 3 January 1918.

W. 126 mm.
We have elsewhere given our reasons for considering that the
Indo-Chinese form of this Oriole cannot be regarded as a valid race.

140. GRACULA JAVANA INTERMEDIA (A. Hay).

‘

Eulables intermedia, Muller p. 36.
13,19. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 5, 6 January

1918,

ayoh> Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 23—27 December 1917.

W. 3 164; 2 155, 161, 156, 163 mm.

These specimens, all with very small bills, are true G. j. inter-
media which occurs, together with G. j- javana, in Trang.

Specimens from the islands of the Bandon Bight, referred by us
to this form, are intermediate between the two races.

141. APLONIS PANAYENSIS STRIGATUS (Horsf.).

Robinson, p. 185.

Calornis chalybaeus, Miller, p. 35-

335,12. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, 3—10 Janu-
ary 1918.
13,12. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 25 January 1918,
135,22. Islet near Pulau Panjang. 28, 29 January 1918.
W. o 94, 99, 103, 102, 99; 2 98, 97, 97: 97 mm.

142.) AmPELICErs coronatus Blyth,

Miiller, p. 36.
24,1 2 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam.

—-2 January 1918-
W. o 129) 125: 2 127mm. '
Slightly immature males have the feathers of the crown mixed

31 December

with black:
143. PLOCEUS MEGARHYNCHUS INFORTUNATUS Hartert.

J, 2%. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 29 January 1918.
W.<d 69 mm.

144. Moracitna FLAVA SIMILLIMA Hartert.
Vog. Palaarkt. Faun., i, p. 289.

VOL. ILI, NO. 11, 1918.

118

MESSRS. H. C. ROBINSON AND C. BODEN KLOSS ON

2. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 8 January 1918.
W. 80; T. 81 mm.
A rare bird in the Malay Peninsula where M. b. melanope far

outnumbers it. We have two specimens from Temerloh, Perak, 11—26

January 1911, and one from Palau Lalang, Sembilan Islands, 15 Octo-
ber 1911. They can be most readily separated from other local

wagtails by their short tail.

145. Denpronantuus rnpicus (Gm. ).
3.6, %. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 31 Dee.—1l

Jan. 1918.

1918.

3¢17? Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 21—25 December

W3id°77; 79,°77, 75; 77, 797 2: 79.5 3 @). 76 mom.
146, ANTHUS RICHARDI MALAYENSIS Eyton.

Robinson, p. 186; Kloss, [bis 1918, p, 220.
Corydalla malayensis, Miller, p. 9.

9 Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 8-January 1918.
2? Islet near Pulan Panjang. 21 January 1918.

W. 77, 75 mm.
147. AETHOPYGA STPARAJA CARA Hume.

Aethopyga card, Miiller, p. 22:
Aethopyga siparaja cara, Robinson, p. 190.

12. Klong Pung Sai, Junk Seylon. 238 December 1918.
12. Pulau Sireh. 15 Febroary 1918.
W. 48, 50 mm.

148. CyrrosromtUs FLAMMAXILLARIS ( Blyth).
Robinson p. 190: Miiller p. 25.
¢ Nong Kok Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 11 January 1918,
3 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 24 December 1917.

- 2. Telok Poh, Pulau Panjang. 20 Jannary 1918.

f Pulau Panjang North. 31 January 1915.

5)
3 ¢ 19. Koh Maprau. 10 February 1918.
\

$. Koh Boi Yai. 3 February 1918.
W. ¢ 52, 50, 53, 52, 51, 54, 51, 50, 51: & 51, 48 mm.
149. ANTHOTHREPTES HYPOGRAMMICA (Miill.).
Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 23 December 1918.
W. 67 mm.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

BIRDS FROM THE PROVINCE OF PUKET, PENINSULAR SIAM. 119

150. ANTHOTHREPTES MALACCENSIS (Scop.).

Robinson, p. 191 ; Muller, p. 23.

1 ¢,2 2 Pulau Panjang North. 29—31 January 1918.

05,1 dimm; 42%. Koh Maprau. 10, 11 February 1918.

W. 68, 67, 65, 66, 65, 69, 66 (imm); 2. 64, 60, 63, 62, 61, 67. mm.
151. CHALCOPARIA SINGALENSIS (Gm.).

Robinson, p. 191.
3 ad., ¢ imm., 2 Klong Tung Sai, Junk Seylon. 25, 26 De-

cember 1917.

W. 53, 53 (imm.); 2 53.5 mm.

These three specimens ave nearer to the typical form from the

vicinity of Malacca than those from Terutau and Bandon referred to

above.

The northern bird, C. s. koratensis Kloss, presents marked

differences.

152. ARACHNOTHERA LONGIROSTRIS (Lath. ).
Miller, p 25.
$ Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 20 Januaay 1918.
W. 64 mm.

153. Dicazum crureNntaTa 1GNrTA (Beglie).

Robinson, p. 189,
Dicaeum cruentatum, Miller, p. 21.

3. @. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 31 January 1918°
Wad ol; 2. 44 mn.

154, DicaEum TRIGONOSTIGMA (Scop.).
Robinson, p. 189; Muller, p. 22.
5, 2. Islet off Pulau Panjang. 30, 31 January 1918.
W. od 58; 2. 46 mm.

155. Dicarum cHrysorrHEUM Temm.
Robinson, p. 189 ; Muller, p. 22.
1 ¢. Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam. 12 January 1918.
W. 61 mm.

VOL, II, NO. II, 1918.

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JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

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VOL. III, NO. 11, 1918,

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JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC.

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SIAMESE AND LAO NAMES OF MAMMALS

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VOL. It, NO. II, 1918.

SIAMESE AND LAO NAMES OF MAMMALS.

126

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CONTENTS.

PAGE
A List oF THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT
Sum. By Nils Gyldenstolpe, D. Se. oe serur eee
Novres ON A CoLLECTION OF Birb-SKins ForMED By MR.
E. G. HERBERT, C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U. By E. C. Stuart Baker,
F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U. are £4 ae are ay
CROCODILUS SIAMENSIS. By Malcolm A. Sinith, 6.2.8. With
three Plates. ... a ee ae Soe Ne
THe Lizargps oF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHORUS IN SIAM, WITH
DescRiprions oF Two New Species. By Malcolm A.
Smith, F.Z.s, oe +e vad a Lal Meee

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :—
I.—-Notes on two: Kingfishers. By K.G. Gairdner. 229
IL—Occurrence of the Burmese Barred-back Phea-

sant ( Phasianus humiae burimanicus ) near

Chiengmai, N. Siam. By K. G. Gairdner. ... 229

IIL.—9On the Breeding of the Toad, Bufo macrotis. By
P. A. R. Barron. iA oe: bay - yee

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SocteETY. as a jou, ee

THE

JOURNAL

OF THE

Natural History Society of Siam.

Volume ITI. BANGKOK. : Number 3.

a

A LIST OF THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN
TO INHABIT SIAM.

By Nits GYLDENSTOLPE, D. Sc.

Our knowledge of the Mammalian Fauna of Siam has increased
much during the last few years and numerous additions have been
made since Mr. Stanley S. Flower drew up his list “On the Mammalia
of Siam and the Malay Peninsula”, which was published in the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 1900, pp. 806-379.

The compilation of a nominal list of the Mammals at present
known to inhabit Siam may, therefore, be of some use, and no apology
seems to be needed for publishing it. Many new forms have recently
been added to the Fauna of Siam, but much work still remains to be
done before a complete list may be drawn up. However, the author
has tried to do his best to make the list as complete and up to date
as possible.

| A few brief remarks are attached to each species and subspecies,
as to their geographical distribution in the country, and the divisions
used are those drawn up and defined by Mr. C. Boden Kloss, though
with some small additions. |

No bulky list of synonyms has been added to each species, but
some short references are given as to where the original descriptions
are to be found, so that they may easily be looked up. The type
localities are also mentioned, but as the older authors generally did
not definitely state where their new forms were obtained, it has not
been possible to ascertain the type localities of some of the species.

128 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

- As has been already stated above, the work of naturalists
during the last fifteen years, during which period there has been a
great revival of interest in the Zoology of Siam and neighbouring
countries, has added a considerable number of species now known to
inhabit Siam. This number has also been increased by the discovery
of geographical races in the adjacent islands that had hitherto remained
unvisited.

At the moment of writing, the Mammal Fauna of Siam has
swollen to a total of three hundred and four species and subspecies,
but of these nearly sixty are Island races, found exclusively on the
Islands of Salanga (Puket), Terntau, Puiu Adang, Pulu Rawi, ete., off
the western coast®of Peninsular Siam, and on others situated in the
Gulf of Siam.

Quite a number of small Islands along the western coast of
Peninsular Siam have not been visited and explored zoologically up to
the present time, and on these several new insular races would most
certainly be obtained if the localities were found worth while to be
visited by a trained naturalist.

ORDER PRIMATES.
1. HYLOBATES PILEATUS Gray.
Hylobates pileatus, Gray. P.Z.S. 1861, p. 136. (Cambodia).
Recorded from South-eastern and Central Siam (Paknam
Krabin).
2. HYLOBATES LAR (Linn.).

Homo lar, Linnaeus, Mantiss. Plant. 1771, Appendix, p. 521. (India),
Common in suitable localities throughout the whole country.

3. HYLOBATES LEUCOGENYS Ogilby.
I1ylobates leucogenys, Ogilby. P.Z:8. 1840, )- 20. (Siam’.
“Siam,” without definite locality. No recent specimens have
been obtained.
4. PRESBYTIS NEGLECTA KEATIL Rob, & Kloss.

Preshytis neglecta keatii, Robinson & Kloss. Journ. f°. M.S. Mus., TV.
1910, p. 174. (Ko-khau, Trang, Peninsular Siam),

Inhabits Peninsular Siam, where specimens have heen recorded

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 129

from Bandon, Khao Wang Hip, Jalor, ete., extending northwards at
least as far as the Province of Ratburi.
5. PRESBYTIS BARBEI Blyth.
Presbytis Barbet, Blyth. Journ, Asiat. Soe. Bengal, NVI, 1847, p.
734. (Ye, Tenasserim).
Hitherto only obtained in the Province of Ratburi.
6. PRESBYTIS PHAYREL (Blyth).
Semnopithecus phayret, Blyth. Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, NVI, 1847;
p- 783. (Arakan).
Only recorded from Ratburi, where specimens have been collec-
ted at Si-sa-wad, 14° 40' N. Lat.

7. PRESBYTIS OBSCURA FLAVICAUDA (Elliot).
Pygathriv lavicauda, EMiot. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, NX XVIII, 1910,
p. 892. (Trang, Peninsalar Siam).
Inhabits Peninsular and South-western Siam at least north to
Ratburi.
8. PRESBYTIS OBSCURA SMITHI Kloss.
Presbytis obscura smithi, Kloss. Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, IL, 1916, p. 5.
(IXlong Bang Lai, Patiyu, Peninsular Siam).
Hitherto only known from the type locality.
9, PRESBYTIS OBSCURA HALONIFER (Cantor).
Semnopithecus halonifer, Cantor, Proc. Linn. Svc., I, 1845, p. 235.
(Malay Peninsula).
Obtained at Koh Pennan and in the mountain regions west of

Koh Lak, South-western Siam.

10. PRESBYTIS OBSCURA CORVUS Miller.
Presbytis corvus, Miller. Smiths. Mise. Coll, vol. 61, No. 21, 1918,
p. 27. (Pulau Terutau).
An Island race inhabiting Pulau Terutau, off the west coast of
Peninsular Siam.

1l. PRESBYTIS ROBINSONI Thos.

Presbytis robinson’, Thomas, Abstr. P. Z. 8. 1910, p. 25. (Ko-Ieau,
Trang Peninsular Siam).
Only known at present from Trang and Bandon, both situated
in Peninsular Siam.

VOL. I1I, NO. III, 1919.

130 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

12. PrReEsBYTIS SIAMENSIS (Miul. & Schleg.).

Semnopithecus siamensis, Miill. & Schleg, Verhandl, Natuur, Gesehied.

1841, p. 60. ( Siam ). :

Recorded at present only from Tahkamen, in Central Siam,
west of Bangkok. (Specimen preserved in the British Museum of Na-
tura] History).

13. PRESBYTIS GERMAINI (M. Edw.).
Semnopithecus germaini, M. Edw, Bull. Soe. Philom. 1876. (Cochin
China).

Inhabits Eastern and South-eastern Siam, but extends west-
wards to the Province of Ratburi. (fide Gairdner).

14. PRESBYTIS GERMAINI MANDIBULARIS Kloss,

Presbytis germain’ mandibularis, Wloss. P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 32. (Woh
Chang),
A slightly differentiated Island race inhabiting Noh Chang, off
the coast of South-eastern Siam.
15. PRESBYTIS CREPUSCULA Elliot,
Preshytis crepuscula, Elliot. Aun, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) LY, 1909,
p. 274. (Moolevit, Tenasserim).
Found in the mountain regions of Northern Siam. It probably
also inhabits the mountains on the boundary between Siam and

Tenasserim, though no specimens from there have yet been obtained.
16, PRESBYTIS CREPUSCULA WROUGHTONI Elliot.
Presbytis crepuscula wroughtoni, Elliot. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)
IV, 1909, p. 272. (Veteliabun, Central Siam).
Only known from two specimeus obtained in the type locality.
17. MACACA NEMESTRINS ADUSTA Miller.

Macaca adusta, Miller, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. XXIX, 1906, p. 559
(Champang, Tenasserim).
Met with in the Provinces of Ratburi and Petchaburi by
Gairdner, but distribution still uncertain.
18. MACACA ANDAMANENSIS Bartlett.

Macaca andamanensis, Bartlett. Land and Water, IIT, 1869, p. 57.
(Arakan).
Inhabits the whole of Siam, though its southern limits of range

have not been ascertained,

JOURN. Nal. HIpT. SOC. SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 131

19, MAcaca SIAMICA Kloss.
Macaca siamica, Kloss. Journ. N. H. S. Siam. If, EOYa, pe 247;
( Me Ping rapids below Chiengmai, Northern Siam. )

Northern Siam and Laos.

20. MACACA ARCTOIDES RUFESCENS Anders,
Mucucus rufescens, Anderson. P, Z 8. 1872, p. 204. (Singapore ?)
Recorded from Laos and Ratburi, and from Patelung, Peninsular
Siam.

21. MACACA ARCTOIDES HARMANDI Trouegs,
Macacus harmandi, Trouessart. Le Naturaliste, 1897, p. 10. (Moun-
tains between Siam and Cambodia.)
The distribution of this form is still uncertain, but it may prob-
ably be found in South-eastern Siam.

22. Macaca irus Cuy.
Muacacus trus, Fy, Cuv. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV, 1818.
p. 120.

Lhe Crab-eating Monkey is wid®ly distributed in Siam, and
specimens have been recorded from Bangkok and the Chao Phya river
(Central Siam), Keh Lak, Pak Klong Pran, Pak Nam Chumporn
and Ratburi (8. W. Siam.), Sakerat ( E. Siam. ), Singora, Patani,
Nawngchik and Jering ( Peninsular Siam) and from the Islands of
KKoh Kut, Koh Chang, Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, all situated in
the Gulf of Siam.

23. MACACA CaAPITALIS (Elliot).

Pithecus capitalis, Elliot. Prov."U. S. Nat. Mus. XXXVIILL, 1910,
p. 850. ( Trang, Peninsular Siam ),
This form is as yet only known from the type locality.

ORDER PROSIMIAL,
24, NycTIcEBUS coucaNG (Bodd.).

Purdigradus, coucang, Boddaert. Elench. Anim. 1784, pe. Gf.
( ** Bengal,” )
Inhabits Northern Siam and Laos.
¢
4 i
25. NYCTICEBUS CINEREUS M. Edw.
Nycticebus cinereus, M. Edw. Ann, Mus, Hist. Nat. Paris. VU,
1867, p. 16%. ( Siam. ). ;

VOL. III, NO. If, 1919.

132 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

Found in Central Siam, from where it extends southwards at
least as far as Koh Lak.
26. NYCTICEBUS MALAIANUS Anders,

Nycticebus turdigradus var. malaianus. Anders. Cat. Mamm. Ind.

Mus. I, 188], p. 95. (Malay Peninsula.)
Fairly common in Peninsular Siam, including the Island of
Salanga (Puket).
ORDER CHIROPTERA.
SUBORDER MEGACHIROPTERA.,
27. ROUSETTUS LESCHENAULTI (Desm.).

Pteropus leschenaulti, Desm. Eneyel. Méth. Mamm. I, p. 110. No.
142. 1320. (Pondichery).

In the British Museum of Natural History there are specimens
obtained in the Laos mountains by Mouhot.

28. PTEROPUS LYLEI K. And.

Pteropus lyled, K. Andersen. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) IT, (908, p.
367. (Bangkok),
Authentic specimens have only been recorded from Bangkuk
and trom Petchaburi in South-western Siam.
29. PTEROPUS HYPOMELANUS CONDORENSIS Peters.

Pteropus condorensis, Peters. M. B. Akad, Berlin, 1869, p. 393.
(Pulau Condor).

This species has recently been met with on Koh Mak and on.

Koh Ring. Otherwise it has only been recorded from ‘‘ Siam” by
some of the older authors, such as Horsfield, and now recently by K.
Andersen.

30, PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS MALACCENSIS K. And.

Pteropus vampyrua malaccensis, K, Anderson. Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist, (8) LI, 1908, p. 368. (Pahang).

Obtained in different localities in Peninsular Siam, and on the

Island of Koh Kut in the Gulf of Siam.
31. PrEROPUS INTERMEDIUS K. And.

Pteropus intermedius, K. Andersen, Ann, & Mag. Nat Hist. (8) II,
1908, p 368. (Amherst),

5. S. Flower met with this form on the Bangpakong river, and

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

Po fe

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 133

Kloss obtained it at Krabin in Central Siam. Besides these records it
has been collected at Trang, Peninsular Siam.

32. CYNOPTERUS SPHINX SPHINX (Vahl.)..
Vespertilio sphin.r, Vahl. Skr. Nat. Selsk. 1V, Heft I, 1797, p.. 128,
(Tranquebar).

Inhabits Northern Siam, from where it extends southwards at
least as far as Patani in Peninsular Siam. ,

33, CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS BRACHYOTIS (S. Mill.).

Pachysoma brachyotis, 8. Miill. Tijd. Nat. Geschied, V, pt. I, 1838,

p, 146. (Borneo).

Obtained at Koh Lak in South-western Siam and on several of
the Islands in the Gulf of Siam, viz., Koh Mehsi, Koh Kra, Koh
Klum and Koh Kut.

34. CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS ANGULATUS Miller.

Cynopterus angulatus, Miller. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1898,
p. 816. (Trang, Peninsular Siam).

Recorded from Koh Lak (S. W. Siam) and from the district
of Bandon (Peninsular Siam). Also found as far north as at Pak Koh
and Chiengmai, and on some of the islands in the Gulf of Siam, such as
Koh Chang, Koh Samui and Koh Pennan.

35. CYNOPTERUS HARPAX Thos. & Wrought.
Cynopterus (Neadius) harpar, Thos. & Wrought. Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. (8) IIT. 1909, p. 439, (Semangko Pass),

In Siam this species has yet only been met with at Doi Vieng
Par and Doi Par Sakeng in North-western Siam, but it probably in-
habits the mountain regions of the whole country.

36. EONYCTERIS SPELZA (Dobs.).
Macroglossus spelaeus, Dobson, Proc, Asiat, Soc, Bengal, 1871, pp.
105, 106. (Moulmein, Burma),

Found in Northern Siam where specimens have been collected
at Nan. .
37. MACROGLOSSUS MINIMUS SOBRINUS K. And.

Macroglossus minimus sobrinus, K. Anderson, Ann & Mag. Nat,

Hist, (8) VL: 1911, p. 642. - (Perak).
Recorded from Patani in Peninsular Siam by Bonhote and
Kloss. Otherwise it has been mentionel by several authors as an in-

habitant of “Siam”.

VOL. III, NO. HL, 1919,

134 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

SUBORDER MICROCHIROPTERA.
38. RHINOLOPHUS COELOPHYLLUS Peters.
Rhinolophus coelophyllirs, Peters, Pr; Z. S, 1866, ). 426. ( Salween,
Burma).
Hitherto only obtained and recorded by the present author
from Koh Lak in South-western Siam.

39. RHINOLOPHUS LUCTUS Temm,
Rhinolophus luctus, Temm, Monogr. Mamm, UI, 1855, pp, 24-26, pl.
XXX. (Tapos, Java).
Gairdner has met with this species in the Province of Ratburi.
’ Otherwise it has been recorded from “ Siam” by Ponsarges.
40. RHINOLOPHUS TRIFOLIATUS Temm,

Rhinolophus trifoliatus, Temm, Monogr. Mamm. II, 18385, p, 27,
pl. XXXI. (Java).

Of this widely spread species, authentic specimens have only
been collected at Klong Wang Hip, Peninsular Siam.

41. RHINOLOHPUS MACROTIS SIAMENSIS Gyldenst.

2hinolophus macrotis siamensis, Gyldenstolpe, Kang]. Sv. Vetenskaps-
akad. Handl. Bd, 57, No. 2. 1917, p, 12. (Doi Par Sakeng,
N. W. Siam).
Only two specimens of this fourm have been collected, both
having been obtained at Doi Par Sakeng, a mountain situated in

North-western Siam near the Burmese boundary.

42. RHINOLOPHUS PUSILLUS Temm.
Rhinolophus pusillus, Temm, Monogr. Mamm. II, 1835, pl. 29, fig, 8;
pl. 82, figs. 22-238. (Java).
Recorded from Siam under the name of I. minor Horsfield.
Specimens obtained at Koh Lak in South-western Siam and at Jalor

in Peninsular Siam.

43. RHINOLOPHUS ROBINSONI K. And.
Rhinolophus robinsoni, K. Andersen, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist, (9)
II, 1918, p. 375. (Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam),
This newly described species was obtained at Khao Kawng,
Bandon, Peninsular Siam and was recorded under the name I. borne-
ensis by Robinson & Kloss in their account of the Bandon collection
( vide Journ. F, M.S. Mus. V. 1915, p. 116).

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 135

44, RHINOLOPHUS MALAYANUS Bonh.

2hinolophus malayanus, Bonhote. Fascic. Malayensis Zool, Part 1
1903, p. 15.
Resides the type locality, this form has hitherto only been ob-

tained at Koh Lak in South-western Siam.
45, RHINOLOPHUS AFFINIS SUPERANS K. And.
?hinolophus afinis superans, K. Andersen, P Z. 8.1905, IT. p 104.
(Raheng).

Andersen mentions specimens from Trang in Peninsular Siam,
and Bonhote records it from Jalor, in the same part of the country.
According to Vousarges it inhabits “Siam.”

46. HIPPOSIDEROS ARMIGER (Hodgs.).
Rhinolophus armiger, Hodgson. Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, IV, 1835,
p. 699. (Nepal).

Specimens of the typical form have been recorded from North-
western Siam (Doi Par Sakeng and Nong Bea). It has also been
recorded from Chantabun in South-eastern Siam and from Jalor in
Peninsular Siam. The specimens from the southern localities may.
however, belong to the race described by Andersen under the name H,
armiger debilis ( Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) XVII, 1916, p. 37 ).

47. HIPPosIDEROS LYLEI Thos.
Hipposideros lylei, Thomas. Aun. & Mag, Nat, Hist. (8) XIL, 1913,
p. 88. (Chiengdao Cave, Northern Siam).
This species has hitherto only been obtained at the type locality,
but it probably inhabits the whole of Northern Siam.
48. HIPPOSIDEROS DIADEMA VICARIUS K, And.
Hipposideros diatema vicarius, K, Andersen, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist.
(7) XVI, 1905, p. 499. (Niah Cave, Sarawak),
Authentic specimens of this race have been collected at Bang
Nara, Patani, Peninsular Siam. The specimens mentioned by Bonhote
from Biserat, Jalor (Patani), and by Flower from Bangkok, certainly
belong to this same form.

49. HIpPOSIDEROS GENTILIS SINENSIS K. And.

Hipposideros gentilis sinensis, K, Andersen, Ann, & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (9) 11. 1918, p. 881. (Foochow, Fokien, China.)
Newly described by Andersen and recorded by him from Siam.
Specimens collected at Chiengmai, Northern Siam by the present

VOL. - Lil; NO: IT. Lang;

136 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

author, and formerly referred to Hipposideros bicolor Temm., belong to
this new subspecies.
50. HIPPposiDEROS GENTILIS aTROX K. And.

Hipposideros gentilis atror, IK. Andersen. Ann. & Mag, Nat. [list.
(9) IT, 1918, p. 88. (Semangko Gap, Selangor),

This form has quite recently been described by Anderson on
specimens from the Malay Peninsula, and it oceurs in South-western
and Peninsular Siam. The specimen collected by myself at Koh Lak
was referred to H. bicolor Temm.

51. Hrpposiperos picotor Temi.

Hipposideros bicolor, Vemm, Monogr. Mamm. 11, 1835, p. 18. (Java).
Found in Peninsular Siam where specimens have been recorded
from Bang Nara, Patani and Jalor.

52. HipposIpDEROs LARVATUS (Horsf.).

Rhinolophus larcatus, Horsfield. Zool, Res, in Java, 1824. (Java).
Obtained at Jalor, Patani; also recorded from “ Siam” hy
Flower and Pousarges.
53. CoELops Fritam Blyth.

Coclops frithii, Blyth. Journ, Asiat, Soe. Bengal. XVII, pl. I, 1848,
p. 251. (Sundarbans, Bengal).

Authentic specimens have been collected at Chiengmai in

Northern Siam. Recorded from “ Siam” by Flower and from “J.aos”
oy pees
by Pousarges.

54, COELOPS ROBINSONI Bonh.

Coclops robinson’, Bonhote. Journ, F. M.S. -Mus. IIT. 1908, p. 4.
(Gunong Tahan).

Only recorded from Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam.
55. MEGADERMA SPASMA MINUS K. And.

Megaderma spasma minus, K. Anderson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)
IT, 1918, p, 348. (Cambodia).

Obtained at Sukhothai in Northern Siam, but mentioned by
lower and Pousarges from “ Siam” and “ Laos” under the name
of Meqaderma Spasma.

56. PETALIA TRAGATA K. And.

Petalia tragata, K,. Anderson, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist.(8) X, 1912. p.
246. (Sarawak ’.

Recorded from Biserat and Jalor in Peninsular Siam.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 137

57. Epresicus pACHYOTIS (Dobs.).
Vesperugo ( Vesperus ) pachyotiz, Dobson, Proce. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
187], p. 213. (Khasia Hills).
Apparently confined to North-western Siam, where specimens
have been obtained at.Doi Par Sakeng.

58, Epresicus bimissus Thos.
Eptesicus dimissux, Thomas. Journ, FL M.S. Mus. Vil, 1916, p. 1,
(Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam),

Hitherto only obtained from the type locality.

59. TYLONYCTERIS FULYIDUS (Blyth).
Secotophilus fuleidus, Blyth, Journ, Asiat. Soc, Bengal, XXVITI,
1859, p, 293. (Shwegyen, Burma),
Obtained in North-western Siam among the mountains known
as Doi Vieng Par.

60. TYLONYCTERIS ROBUSTULA Thos.
Tylonycteris robustula, Yhowas. Aun, & Mag, Nat, Hist, (8) XY,
1915, p. 227. (Upper Sarawak, Borneo),
Originally described from Borneo, but also obtained at Doi Par
Sakeng in North-western Siam.

61. PIPISTRELLUS COROMANDRA (Gray).
Scotophilus coromandra, Gray, Mag, Zool, & Bot. II, 1858, p, 198.
(India).

Recorded trom Nan in Northern Stam (under the name ot
Pipistrellus wbramus Temm.), as well as from Biserat and Jalor in
Peninsular Siam, so this species seems to be distributed throughout
the country.

62 HESPEROPTENUS BLANFORDI Dobs.

Vesperuga ( Hesperoptenus ) blanford/, Dobson, Journ. Asiat, Soe,
Bengal, 1877, pt. 2. p. 312, ( Tenasserim ),

Hitherto only recorded from Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular
Siam.

63. GLISCHROPUS TyLoPUS Dobs.

Vesperugo ( Glischropus) tylopus, Dobson, P. Z, 8. 1875, p. 473.
( N. Borneo ),

Nothing is known about the occurence of this bat in Siam

VOL. Iff, NO. III, 1919.

138 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

except that some specimens were obtained at Biserat and Jalor in
Peninsular Siam.
64, ScororpHILus KUHLU Leach.

Scotuoplilus kuhlti, Geach. Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII, 1822, p, 71.
( India? ).

Apparently distributed throughout the whole country, as speci-
mens have been collected in Northern as well as in Peninsular Siam.

65. SCOTOPHILUS BELANGERI (Is. Geoff.)

Vespertilio belangeri, Is. Geoff. in Bélanger, Voy. Zool, 1834, p. 87,
pl. 3. (Pondichery, India),

According to Kloss (Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, II, 1917, p. 301)
this species has been obtained at Bangkok.
66. ScOTOPHILUS CASTENUS (Horsf.).
Nycticejus castaneus, Horsfield. Cat. Mamm. E. Ind, Coll, 1841,
p. 38, (Malacca),

Occurs throughout the whole country, specimens having been
collected near Chiengmai, Northern Siam, as well as in Patani and
Jalor, Peninsular Siam.

67. SCOTOPHILUS GAIRDNERI Kloss.
Scotophilus gairdner/, Kloss. Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, IT, 1917,
p. 284. ( Paknampo, Central Siam ).
Only known from the type specimen.
68. LEUCONOE ADVERSUS (Horsf.).

Vespertilio adversus, Horstield, Zool, Res, in Java, 1824, (Java),

Mentioned from “Siam” by Flower and Pousarges, but no
recent specimens have been collected.

69. LEUCONOE HASSELTH (‘Temm.).

Vespertilio hasselti/, Team. Monogr, Mamm, II, 1835, p, 225. (Java),

According to Blanford (l’auna of British Ludia, Mammalia) this
species also inhabits Siam.

70, Myoris MURICOLA (Hodgs.).

Vespertilio muricola, Hodgson in, Gray, Cat. Mamm, Nep, Thib,
1846, p. 4, (Nepal).

Apparently common throughout the whole country, especially in
the southern districts, as it has been recorded from Bandon, Nawngchik

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAN.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 139

and Jalor in Peninsular Siam. Pousarges also states that it inhabits
the Laos country.
71. Myoris EMARGINATUS (Geoftr.).
Vespertilio emarginatus, Geoffr, Ann, du Muséum, VIII, 1906, p. 198.
Bonhote mentions this species as occurring in Biserat and Jalor,

Peninsular Siam, but no recent specimens have been obtained in
Siamese territory.
72. KERIVOULA PICTA (Pall.).

Vespertilio pictum, Pallas. Spicil. Zool, Fase, ILI, p. 7. (Ceylon),

Obtained at Klong Rangsit, in Central Siam, according to
Flower.

73. KERIVOULA HARDWICKI (Horsf.).

Vespertilio hardwicki, Horstield, Zool. Res, in Java, 1824. (Java).

Hitherto only recorded from North-western Siam, where speci-
mens have been collected at Hue Muang.

74. KERIVOULA MINUTA Miller,
Kerivoula minuta, Miller..Proe, Acad, Nat, Sci, Philad, vol, 50, 1898,
p. 321. (Trang, Peninsular Siam).
A southern form and at present only known from the type
locality.

75. KERIVOULA BICOLOR Thos.

Kerivoula bicolor, Thomas. Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) XIV, 1904,
p. 199. (Biserat, Jalor).

Hitherto only. recorded from Peninsular Siam.

76. PHONISCUS ATROX Miller.
Phoniscus atrox, Miller. Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash. XVIII, 1905, p, 229.
(Kateman river, W, Sumatra).
Originally .described from Sumatra, but a single specimen
obtained at Klong Bang Lai, Patiyu, Peninsular Siam.

77. Mixtoprerus MepIuS Thos, & Wrought.

Miniopterus medius, Thomas & Wroughton. P, Z. 8. 1909, p. 382,
(Kalipoetjang, W. Java),

In Siam this bat has only been met with on the Island of
Terutau, on the west coast of Peninsular Siam.

VOL. III, NO. I, 1919.

140 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

78. EMBALLONURA MONTICOLA Temin.
Kmballonura monticola, Temm. Tijd, Natuurl. Geschied, V, 1839,
p. 25, pl. LH, figs. 1-2. (Munara Mts, Java).
Obtained at Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam. ,

79. EMBALLONURA PENINSULARIS Miller.
Emballonura peninsularis, Miller, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1898,
p. 323. (Trang, Peninsular Siam.)
Inhabits Peninsular Siam, where specimens have been obtained
at Trang, and at Khao Nawng in the district of Bandon.

80. TAPHOZOUS MELANOPOGON Temm.

Luphozous melanopogon, Yemm. Monogr. Mami. II, 1835, p. 287.
(Java).

Pousarges records it from’ Siam”, and Flower obtained it at
Bangkok, and at Chantabun, South-eastern Siam.
oD 9

81. TAPHOZOUS MELANOPOGON FRETENSIS Thos.
Laphozous melanopogon fretensis, Thos. Journ. F, M.S. Mus. VIL,
1916, p. 5. (Terutau Island),
An Island race found on the Islands of Terutau and Langka wi
on the west coast of Peninsular Siam.

82. TAPHOZOUS LEUCOPLEURUS ALBIPINNIS Thos.
Laphozous longimanus albipinnis, Thomas, Ann, & Mag, Nat, Hist
(7) Il, 1898, p. 246, ( Labuan.)
Hitherto only obtained at Jalor in Peninsular Siam.

83. CHIROMELES TORQUATUS Horsf.

Cheiromeles torquatus, Horsfield, Zool Res, in Java. 1824, (Java).
Found on Pulau Terutau, Peninsular Siam, and also recorded by
Flower as inhabiting “Siam.” *

* The following species of bats are also mentioned by Pousarges (Mis-
sion Pavie, Etudes diverses: Recherches sur |’ Histoire Naturelle de I’ Indo-
Chine Orientale, I]]. Paris, 1904.) as inhabiting Siam, but as no recent
specimens have been collected their occurence within Siamese territory seems
doubtful: —

Rhinolophus acuminatus Peters..ceee ienaandnte veccsssas SGM, LsGOR,
T'ylonycteris puch ypus Vou... secccsceeseecseerseseee la, Laos,
Harpiocephalus cyclotis Dovs... ssc ee ee,

Chaerephon plicatus Buch, Hamwy.....cecccccesyeseees alu, Laos,

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 141

ORDER INSECTIVORA.
SUBORDER DERMOPTERA.

84. GALEOPTERUS TEMMINCKI PENINSULAE Thos.

Galeopterus peninsulae, Thomas, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) IT,
1908, p. 303. (Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary).

The Malayan race of the Flying Lemur only inhabits Southern
and Peninsular Siam, where it is not uncommon; specimens have
been collected at Patelung, Bandon and Bang Nara. Gairdner has
also met with it in Ratburi, west of Bangkok, but its northern limits

.

are still unknown.

85. GALEOPTERUS TEMMINCKI PUMILUS (Miller).

Galeopithecus pumilus, Miller. Siniths. Mise. Coll., vol, 45, 1908, p. 46,
(Pulan Adang, Butang Islands, off the western eoast of Peninsular

Siam),
Exclusively found in the type locality, where it seems to be

rather rare.

SUBORDER INSECTIVORA VERA.
86. DENDROGALE FRENATA (Gray).

Tupaia frenuta, Gray. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (3) VI, 1860, p. 217,
(Cambodia).
Hitherto only recorded from South-eastern Siam, where Kloss

obtained specimens at Klong Yai and Klong Menao on the Franco-
Siamese boundary.
87. 'TUPAIA BELANGERI BELANGERI (Wagn.).
Cladobates belanger’, Wagner in Schrebers Siiugetiere, Suppl, 11, 1841,

p. 42. Siiriram, Burma).
Inhabits Central, South-eastern, Southern and Peninsular Siam,

where it is quite common.
88. TUPAIA BELANGERI LAOTUM Thos.

Tupaia belangeri laotum, Thomas. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

XT, 1914, p. 244. (Nan, Northern Siam).
Apparently distributed throughout Northern Siam. Specimeus
recorded from Chiengmai and Koon Tan, besides those from the type

locality.

VOR. IN NOs TE 99,

142 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

89. TuPAIA GHINENSIS Anders.

Tupaia chinensis, Anderson, Zool, Res, Western Yunnan Exp. 1879,
p. 12%. (Ponsee, Kakyen Hills).

Lyon, in this Monograph of the Tupaiidae, records specimens
from Chiengmai, Nan and Muang Pai in Northern Siam. Southwards
it extends at least as far as Raheng in Central Siam.

90. TUPAIA SIAMENSIS Gyldenst.

Tupaia siamensis, Gyldenstolpe. Kung]. Sv, Vetenskapsakad. Hand,
Bd. 57, No, 2, 1917, p. 20. (Koh Lak, S, W. Siam).

Only known from the mountain regions westwards from Koh
Lak in South-western Siam.
91. TUPAIA CONCOLOR CONCOLOR Bonh.

Tupaia concolor, Bonhote. Abstr, P, ZS. 1907, p. 2. (Nha Trang,
Annam).

Inhabits South-eastern Siam, where specimens have been col-
lected at Ok Yam, Klong Yai and Klong Menao.

92. TUPAIA CONCOLOR SINUS Kloss.
Tupaia concolor sinus, Kloss. P. Z, 8. 1916, p. 36. (Koh Chang),
An Island race inhabiting Koh Chang, off the coast of South-
eastern Siam.
93. TUPAIA GLIS WILKINSONI Rob, & Kloss.

LTupaia ferruginea wilkinson’, Robinson & Kloss, Journ, F. M. 8. Mas.
IV, 1911, p. 173, (Ko-khao, Trang, Peninsular Siam),

Found in Peninsular and South-western Siam north to Ratburi.
94. TUPAIA FERRUGINEA ULTIMA Rob. & Kloss,

Tupaia ferruginea ultima, Robinson & Kloss, Ann, & Mag, Nat.
Hist, (8) XIII, 1914, p. 234. (IXoh Pennan),
Inhabits the Island of Koh Pennan, off the eastern coast of
Peninsular Siam.

95. TUPAIA FERRUGINEA OPEROSA’ Rob. & Kloss.

Tupaia ferrugines operosa, Robinson & Kloss, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist.
(8) XITI, 1914, p. 233, (Moh Samui).

Obtained on the Island of Koh Samui. off the eastern coast of
Peninsular Siam.

96, TUPAIA LACERNATA Thos. & Wrought.

Tupaia lacernata, Thomas & Wroughton, Ann, & Mag, Nat, Hist.
(8) TV, 1909, p. 535. (Pulan Langkawi),

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 143

Also found on the adjacent Island of Terutau, on the western
coast of Peninsular Siam.

97. TUPAIA LACERNATA RAWIANA Lyon.
Tupaia raviana, Lyon, Proc. Biol, Soe. Wash, XXIV, 1911, p. 167.
(Pulau Rawi),
Originally described from Palau Raw:, but also found on Pulau
Adang, another of the Butang Islands, off the western coast of Penin-

sular Siam.
98. GYMNURA GYMNURA MINOR Lyon.

Gymnura gymnura minor, Lyov, Proc, U. S, Nat. Mus, XXXVI,
1909, p, 453. pls, 34. fig, I. & 35, fig. I. (Khao Nok Ram,
Trang, Peninsular Siam),

Originally described from Trang but also obtained at Bang

Nara, Patani, also in Peninsular Siam, Northern limits unknown,

99. HyLomys SIAMENSIS Kloss.
Hylomys siamensis, Kloss. Journ, Nat, Hist. Soe, Siam, IT, 1916, p. 10,
(Hinlap, Eastern Siam),
Only known from the type specimen.
100. PAcHYURA MURINA (Linn.).
Sorec murinus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, I. 1766, p. 75. (Java,
Recorded from Bangkok by Flower, but nothing else known

about its occurence in Siam.

101. PACHYURA MALAYANA Kloss

Pachyura inal Oe Kloss. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe, Siam, Il, 1957,
p. 282, (Bang Nara, Patani, Peninsnlar Siam),

Apparently a southern form but hitherto only obtained in the
type locality.
102. Crocipura FULIGINOSA (Blyth).
Sorex fuliginosus, Blyth, Journ, Asiat. Soe, Bengal, NXIV, 1855,
p. 362. (Shwegyen, Burma),
Only recorded from Jalor, Patani, Peninsular Siam.
103. CROcIDURA AAGAARDI Kloss.

Crocidura aagaardi, Kloss, Journ, Nat, Hist, Soe, Siam, IT, "917,
p. 283. (Bang Nara, Patani, Peninsular Siam),

Besides the type specimen, it has only been met with and
recorded from Biserat, also in Peninsular Siam (under the name of
Noriculus nigrescens), in Bonhote’s paper in the Proc. Zool. Soc 1900,

p. 874.

VOL; Jil, NOS 11, 1919,

144 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

104. CrociIDURA NEGLIGENS Rob. & Kloss.

Crocidura negligens, Robinson & Kloss. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist:
(8) XIII. 1914, p. 232. (Koh Samui).

Inhabits Koh Samui, off the eastern coast of Peninsular Siam.
105. PARASCAPTOR LEUCURA (Blyth).
Talpa leucura, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XIX. 1850. p. 215.
pl. LV. figs. I—Ia. (Cherra t unji).
Record from Western Siam by Pousarges, and recently obtain-
ed by Mr. Hisenhofer at Doi Nga Chang, south-east of Chiengmai in
Northern Siam.

ORDER CARNIVORA,
106. ARCTICONUS THIBETANUS (Cuy.).

Ursus thibetanus, Cuv, Hist. Nat. Mamm, 1824. pl. 218.

Though very little is known about the distribution of this bear
in Siam, it seems to occur in the mountain regions of the whole coun-
try extending southwards at least to Ratburi. Also recorded from
near Sisophon, Cambodia. Most common in the northern parts.

107. HELARCTOS MALAYANUS (Rafts).

Ursus malayanus, Raffles, Trans, Linn, Soe. XNILT. 1822. p. 254.
(Sumatra).
Apparently rather common in suitable localities throughout the
country, especially in the southern districts.
108. MELURSUS URSINUS (Shaw).
Bradypus ursinus, Shaw. Natnralist’s Miscellany, If. 179', pl. 58.
(India).

The occurrence of the Sloth Bear in Siam is very doubtfal, but
Flower mentions it from the Laos country and from the Bangpikong
river, the latter, however, with some reservation.

109. ArnoToNyx DioTATOR Thos.
Arctonye dictator, Vhomas. Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) V. 1910. p.
424. (Trang. Peninsular Siam).

Apparently distributed throughout the whole country but most
common in the southern parts, where specimens have been collected at
various places such as Klong Wang Hip, Lamra (Trang), north
through South-west Siam (Sai Yoke, Si-sa-wad) to Raheng. It has
also been obtained near Sisophon, Cambodia, and Pousarges records a

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. STAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 145

Hog-badger from Northern Siam under the name of A. collavis, viz,
the northern form.
110. HELICTIS PERSONATA (Geoff).
Melogale personata, Geoll, in Bélanger, Voy. Zool. 1834. p. 137, pl.
V. (Rangoon, Lurma),

An inhabitant of Northern Siam, but very little is known about
its occurrence and distribution in Siam. Specimens recorded from Nan
and Chiengmai.

111. MARTES FLAVIGULA FLAVIGULA (Bodd.).

Mustela flucigula, Boddaert. Elench. Anim, 1785. p. 88. (Nepal).
The large typical race of the Indian Marten inhibits Northern
Siam, specimens having been collected at Chiengmai, Doi Par Sakeng
and Doi Vieng Par. To the south it is replaced by the allied races
mentioned below.
112, MARTES FLAVIGULA PENINSULARIS (Bonh.).
Mustela flavigula peninsularis, Bouhote, Ann. & Mag, Nat, Hist. (7)
VIT. 1901. p. 346, (Bankachon, 8S. Tenasserim),
Inhabits Southern and Peninsular Siam, but northern limits
unknown.
113, MARTES FLAVIGULA INDOCHINENSIS Kloss.
Martes flavigula indochinensix, Kloss. P, Z. S. 1916, p. 85. (Klong
Menao. 8.E. Siam).
Originally described from South-éastern Siam, bat apparently
distributed throughout the whole eastern part of the country where
specimens have been collected at Lat Bua Kao.

114, LuTRA BARANG Cuy.

Lutra barang, F, Cav, Dict, Sci, Nat. XX VII, 1823. p. 246, (Java),

Otters are not common in Siam and very little is known about
their distribution. This species has been met with in Northern Siam
(near Chiengsen), in North-western Siam (Meh Lua), near Bangkok,
and in the district of Patelung in Peninsular Siam. Hence it seems to
occur in the whole country.

115, Lurra suMATRANA (Gray).

Burangia sumatrana, Gray. PZ. 8. 1865, p, 123. (Sumatra).
As far as I know this species has hitherto only been obtained a
few times in Peninsular Siam.

VUL. Il, NU. LU, 1919.

146 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

116. AONYX CINEREA (Illiger).
Lutra cinerea, Mliger, ADL, Akad, Berlin. 1811 (published 1815), p. 99,
(Java).

The Small Clawless Otter, which is fairly common in the Malay
Peninsula, has also been obtained a few times in Peninsular Siam, viz.,
at Patelung and Nawngchik.

117. THOS AUREUS CRUESEMANNI (Matschie).
Canis cruesemanni, Matschie. 8. B, Gesch, Naturforch, Berlin, 1900,
p. 145. (Nong Bua, Ee. Siam’,

The distribution and the occurrence of Jackals in Siam is still
very imperfectly known and very few specimens have ever been collect-
ed. It seems to be rather rare and has only been observed by a few
naturalists, and never in the Northern parts of the country. Recorded
from South-western Siam ( Ratburi and Hat Sanuk ) and is said to
occur in Muang Pran, but everywhere very rare.

118. Cuon ruTiLANs (8S. Miill.). |
Cunis rutélans, 8. Mull, Verhandl. Zool, Zoogd, 1859. pp. 27 & Sl.
The wild Dog seems to be widely distributed in Siam through
still imperfectly known. It seems, however, to be most common in the

southern parts of the country, though it also occurs in the North.

119. ViVERRA ZIBETIHA PRUINOSA (Wrought.).

Virerra cibetha pruinosa, Wroughton. Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist, Soe.
XXIV, 1915. p. 64. (Thaget, Little Tenasserim river).
Inhabit: Southern and Peninsular Siam at Jeast north to NRat-
buri. It seems to be rather common, but it is uncertain if it also
occurs in Northern Siam.

120. VIVERRA MEGASPILA Blyth.

Viverru megaspila, Blyth, Journ, Asiat. See. Bengal. XNXAT. 1862.
p.33!, ( Burma ).

The Burmese Civet occurs thoughout Siam; it has been re-
ported from Khao Pleung in the north as well as from Hat Sanuk in the
south. It is, however, not so common as the other Civet.

121. VIVERRICULA MALACCENSIS (Cin.).
Virerra maluceensis, Gmelin, in Linn, Systs. Nat. 1. 1788. p. 92,

( Malayvsia ).

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC.’ SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 147

Confined to the southerumost parts of the country and apparent-
ly rare, as it has only been obtained in Siam at Patani.
122. LinsAnG MACULOosUs (Blantf.).
Prionodon maculosus, Blauford. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1873 p. 71.
( Tenasserim ),
Hitherto only recorded from the Province of Ratburi, according
to Gairdner.

123. HEMIGALUS DERBIANUS INCURSOR Thos.

Hemigalus derbianus ineursor, Thomas. Journ, Bombay Nat. His, Soc.

XXII. i915 p, 613, ( Bankachon, S. Tenasserim ).
Obtained at Trang in Peninsular Siam.

124. AncToGaLipia LEucorIS (Horsf.).
Paradoxurus leucotis, Horstield. Cat. East Ind. Mus. 185!. p. 66.
Still imperfectly known, but obtained in the Dong Phya Fai

~in Eastern Siam, according to Flower.

125. ARCTOGALIDIA MAJOR Miller.
Arctogalidia major, Miller. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash, NTX. 1906. p 25.
(Trang. Peninsular Siam);

Known from the type locality only.

126. PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS LAOTUM Gyldenst.
Paradorurus hermaphroditus laotum, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vetens-
kapsakad, Handl, Bd. 57, No. 2. 1917. p. 26. (Chienghai, N. Siam),
Inhabits Northern Siam, being replaced in the south by
allied races.”
127, PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS RAVUS Miller.
Puradocurus hermaphroditus ravus, Miller, Smiths. Mise, Coll. vol, 61.
No, 21, 1913. p. 2. (Trang, Peninsular Siam).
A southern form inhabiting Southern, Peninsular and Central
Siam, where it is quite common everywhere. Also found on the Islands
of Koh Chang, Gulf of Siam, and Salanga (Puket), on the west coast of
Peninsular Siam, but whether this or allied subspecies is uncertain.

* In the Journal of the Bombay Natural History- Society, Vol. XXYV.
1917. p. 51, Wroughton described a Palm Civet from Upper Burma under
the name of Paradoxurus birmanicus. This form is, however, absolutely iden-
tical with P. hermaphroditus laotum Mihi,, and as this form was described some
months earlier, Wroughton’s name becomes a synonym of that species.

"VOL: 11, NO. II, 1919.

148 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

128. PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS CANUS Miller.
Paradoxcurus hermaphroditus canus, Miller, Smiths. Mise, Coll. vol. 61.
No. 21. 1915. p. 5 (Pulau Terutan),
A slightly differentiated race inhabiting the Island of Terutau,
on the western side of Peninsular Siam.
129, PARADOXURUS MINOR MINOR Bonh.
Paradocurus minor, Beulote, Fase, Malayenses Zool, Part I, 1903,
p. 2. (Jalor). :
Originally described from Jalor, Patani, but also found ou
the Islands of Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, off the eastern coast of
Peninsular Siam.

130. PARADOXURUS MINOR KUTENSIS Kloss.

Paradorurus minor kutensis, Kloss, P.Z.8. 19.6. p. 34. (Koh Kut.).

An Island race inhabiting Koh Kut in the Gulf of Siam.

131. PAGUMA LEUCOMYSTAX ROBUSTUS (Miller).

Pouradowxurus robustus, Miller. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. NUN, 1906, p- 26.

(Trang, Peninsular Siam),

Inhabits Southern and Peninsular Siam. Specimens recorded
from Nawngehik, Patani, Ban Koh Klap (Bandon) and Klong Wang Hip
(Tung Song), besides those from the type jocality.

132. ARCTICTIS BINTURONG BINTURONG (Ratfil.),
Virerra binturong, Raffles, Trans, Linn. Soc. XIE, 1821. p. 253,
(Malacea),

Specimens of the typical race of the Binturong have been re-
corded from Prachin in Central Siam. Otherwise nothing is known
about its distribution in the country, where it seems to be rare.

138. ARCTICTIS GAIRDNERI Thos.

Arectictis guirdneri, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8) XVIL.
i916. p, 270. (Sai Yoke, 8, W. Siam).

This species has been described on a specimen collected by
Gairdner at Sai Yoke in South-western Siam. It is distinguished from
the typical form by its large size, but nothing is recorded about its
distribution in the country.

134. MUNGOS SIAMENSIS Kloss,
Mungos siamensis, Kloss. Journ, Nat, Hist. Soc. Siam 11, 1917, p, 215.

(Muang Prae, N. Siam).

JOURN. NAT. Uist. SOU. SIAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 149

Specimens recorded from Lat Bua Kao in Kastern Siam, besides
the type specimen. It seems, therefore, to inhabit Northern as well
as Hastern Siam, but its southern limits are not known.

135. MUNGOS EXILIS PENINSULAE Schwarz.

Mungos exilis peninsulae, Schwarz. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8 )

VI. 19:0. p. 23’. (Bangkok).
Recorded from Nan in Northern Siam as well as from several
localities in the southern parts of the country, (Biserat, Jalor and
Patani). As it is also found west of the Chao Praya river, it seems

to occur throughout the whole country.

136. Muncos urvA (Hodgs.).

Gulo wea, Hodgson. Journ. Asiat. Soe, Bengal, V. 1836. p. 238.
(Himalayas. )

The Crab-Hating Mungvose is very common in South-western
Siam, as, for instance, at Hat Sanuk near the Siam-Tenasserim bound-
ary, and it has also been reported from Prachai in Eastern Siam.

137. FELIS CHAUS AFFINIS Gray.
Felis afinis, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. I. pl. 3. 1830, (Gangootra).
Flower records it from “Siam” and Gairdner has met with it
in the Province of Ratburi.

138. Fenis pomMEsTiIca Briss.

Felis domestica, Brisson, Quadrup, p. 191.
The Domestic House-Cat is commonly distributed in Siam.

139. PANTHERA TIGRIS ( Linn.).

Felis tigris, Linn, Syst. Nat. 1. 1766. p. 41. (Asia).

Common in suitable localities throughout the country, both on
the plains and in the mountains.

140. PANTHERA PARDUS VARIEGATA (Wagn.).
Felis pardus var. variegata, Wagner in Schreb, Siinget. 11. 1841.
p. 483.

The Leopard is quite common over the whole country, even in
the neighbourhood of towns and villages. The melanistic variety cal-
led the Black Panther seems to be more common in the Southern dis-

tricts than in the north.

VOL, TT, NO. Il, 1919,

150 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

141. NEOFELIS NEBULOSA (Griffith).

Felis nebulosa, Griffith. Deseript. Vert. 1821. p. 37.
The Clonded Leopard seems to be fairly common in the moun-
tain forests of Northern Siam, but its distribution is still imperfectiy
known. Specimens have, however, been shot at Pa Hing, Pak Koh,

and in the neighbourhcod of Chiengmai.
142. ProreLis TemMIncKI (Vig. & Horsf.).

Felis temminckii, Vig. & Horsf. Zool, Journ, 111. 1828, p. 451.
(Sumatra).

The Golden Cat occurs thronghont Northeru and Central Siam,
but its habits and distribution are almost unknown. In Siam speci-
mens have been obtained in the neighbourhood of Chiengmai, at Pa
Hing, and Raheng down to Ratburi, but it always seems to be rare.

143. ZIBETHAILURUS VIVERRINA (Benn.).

Felis viverrina, ‘ ennet. P. Z. 8. 1833. p. 68. (India).

Recorded from Paknam Krabin and Ratburi, Central Siam.
144, PRIONAILURUS BENGALENSIS (Kerr).

‘Felis bengalensis, Kerr. Animal Kingdom, 1792: p, 151.

'The Leopard Cat apparently occurs thoughout Siam. Specimens
have been collected at Sakerat (Eastern Siam.), Tachin (Central Siam),
Ratburi (S. W. Siam) and Kampong Jalor and Patelung (Peninsular
Siam.)

145. ATLURUN PLANICEPS (Vig. & Horsf.).

Felis planiceps, Vig. & Horsf, Zool. Journ, ITT. 1828. p. 450, pl. Ril.
(Sumatra),

A southern form hitherto only recorded from Bang Nara,
Patani, Peninsular Siam.
ORDER RODENTTA.
146..PETAURISTA PETAURISTA MELANOTUS (Gray).

Pteromys melanotus, Gray. Mag. Nat, Hist. New series, I. 1857.
p. 584. (Malay Peninsula,

Peninsular and Central Siam. Apparently not common.
147. PETAURISTA PETAURISTA TERUTAUS Lyon.
Petaurista terutanws, Lyon, Proe. Biol. Soe. Wash, ok, 1907. p- Ves

(Pulan Terntan).

JOURN. NAT, MIST. SOC, STAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 151

A slightly differentiated race found on the Island of Terntan.
148, PETAURISTA PETAURISTA LYLEI Bonh.
Petaurista Lyle’, Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1900. p. 192. pl. XVIIT. (Doi
Sutep, N, Siam).°
Apparently the most common of the Large Flying Squirrels in-
habiting Siam. Especially abundant in the North, where specimens
have been obtained at Utaradit, north of Muang Prae, Pak Koh and

Koon Tan, besides at the type locality.

149, PETAURISTA PETAURISTA cIcuR Rob. & Kloss.

Petaurista nitida cicur, Robinson & Kloss. Ann. & Mag, Nat, Hist. (8)
XIII. 1914. p. 223. (Ban Kok Klap, Bandon, Peninsular Siam).

Replaces the foregoing species in Peninsular and Southern
Siam. Also recorded from Klong Wang Hip, Tung Song.

150. PETAURISTA ANNAMENSIS BARRONI Kloss.

Petaurista annamensis barroni, Kloss. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam
11. 1916. p. 35. (Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam).

Hitherto recorded from South-eastern and Central Siam (Pu
Khao Sammiin and the Nampat District in ths Monthon of Pit-
sanulok). .

151. ScrUROPTERUS ALBONIGER . Hodgs.

Sciuropterus alboniger, Hodgson. Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal V. 1836.
p. 231. (Nepal)
Mentioned from ‘‘ Siam” and * Laos” by Flower and Pousarges,
but as no recent specimens have been collected, its distribution is still
uncertain.

152. HYLOPETES PHAYREL LAOTUM (Thos.).
Sciuropterus phayrei laotum, Thomas, Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soe
XXIIL. 1914 p. 28. (Lacs mountains and N. > iam).

Apparently an inhabitant of. Northern Siam where specimens
have been obtained at Nan. Bonhote records a specimen from Biserat
in Jalor under the name of Sciwropterus phayrei (P. Z.S. 1900. p. 876,
but whether it is this or an allied form is uncertain.

153. HYLOPETES BELONE (Thos.).

Sciuropterus belone, Thomas, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11. 19€8.
p. 3u5. (Pulau Terntan),

Hitherto enly obtained on Terutau Island.

VOL. III, NO. IIT, 1919.

-

152 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

154. Perinomys PpHIpsonr Thos.
Pteromys (Petinomys) phipsoni, Thomas. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc, XXIV. 1916. p. 432. (Tenasserim Town).
This small Flying Squirrel has up to the present time only
been collected at Bang Nara, Patani, Peninsular Siam.

155, LARISCUS INSIGNIS JALORENSIS (Bonh.).
Funambulus insignis jalorensis, Bonhote, Fase, Malayenses Zool, Part 1.
1903. p. 25. (Bukit Besar, Nawngchik).*
A southern form inhabiting Peninsular Siam where specimens
have been collected at Kao Nawng, Kao Wang Hip, ete.

156. RHINOSCIURUS TUPAIOIDES Blyth.
Rhinosciurus tupatoides, Blyth, Journ Asiat. Soe. Bengal, XXIV. 1855,
p. 477. (Singapore),
Inhabits Southern and Peninsular Siam. Specimens recorded
from Kao Nawng, Ban Koh Klap and Bang Nara.

157. MENETES BERDMOREI MOUHOTIL Gray.

Seturus mouhotii, Gray. P. Z, 8. 1861, p. 137. (Cambodia)

This race of Berdmore’s Squirrel inhabits South-eastern Siam
where it is rather common. Specimens collected at Lem Ngop, Klong
Menao, Klong Yai, Ok Yam and Khao Sebab.

158. MENETES BERDMOREI KORATENSIS Cryldenst.
Menetes therdmore’ koratensis, Gy\deustolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vetenskaps-
akad. Hand), Bd. 57, No, 2. 1917. p. 39. (Sakerat, KE, Siam).
Inhabits the Korat plateau in Hastern Siam, and thus the dis-
tricts north of the former race.
159. MENETES BERDMOREI CONSULARIS Thos.
Menetes berdmore consularis Thomas. Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist, Soe.
XXIII. 1914. p. 24. (Nan, N. Siam).
A northern race and common in Northern Siam where speci-
mens have been obtained at several localities, viz, at Muang Prae, *
Muang Nan, Nam Phi, Sukhotai, Muang Prom above Antong, Koon
Tan, Chum Poo, Vang Num, ete.

* Gerrit Miller Jt", deseribed in the Smiths. Mise. Coll, vol. 15, 19038.
p, 25. a squirrel from Khow Sai Dow, Trang under the name of /'unambulus
peninsulae, This form is, however, absolutely identical with 7. insignis jalorensis
Bonh, and as Bonhote’s description was published a few weeks earlier his name
will stand by the laws of priority,

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 153

160. MENETES BERDMOREI BERDMORE! (Blyth).

Sciurus berdmore:, Blyth. Journ, Asiat. Soe, Bengal, NVIOILTT. 1849,
p. 603, (Thounggyen. Burma).

Specimens of the typical form of Berdmore’s Squirrel have also
been recorded from the following localities in Siam, viz., Ban Koh
Klap (Bandon, Peninsular Siam), Klong Bang Lai (Patiyu, Peninsular
Siam), Muang Pran (8S. W. Siam), Krabin and Raheng (Central
Siam). The specimens from Central Siam may, however, probably be
referred to MV. b. consularis Thos., but those collected in Peninsular
and South-western Siam may possibly belong to the typical race, the
range of which is given by Thomas to Rangoon, Martaban and neigh-
bouring parts of Tenasserim, but before a careful examination of these
specimens has been made no definite opinion of their relationship can
be given,

161. MENETES BERDMOREL UMBROSUS Kloss.

Menetes berdmore’ umbrosus, Kloss, P. Z, 8. 1916. p, 49, (Koh Chang)

As Island race found on Koh Chang, off the coast of South-
eastern Siam.

162. MENETES BERDMOREL RUFESCENS Kloss.
Menetes berdmore’ rufescens, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916. p. 50, (Itoh Kut).
Another Island form, inhabiting Koh Kut, off the coast ot
South-eastern Siam,
163. Ratura GIGANTEA McClell.
Sciurue giganteus, McClelland. P, Z. 8. 1839, p. 150, (Assam),
The Indian form of the Giant Squirrel has been recorded frum
Nan in Northern Siam by Bonhote and is also mentioned from “Siam”
by Pousarges, but its occurrence is still uncertain.
164. RATUFA PHAEOPEPLA PHAEOPEPLA Miller.

Ratufu phaeopepla, Miller. Smiths. Misc. Coll, vol. 61. No, 2), 1918,
p. 25, (Sungei Balik, Tenasserim).
Recorded from Western Siam (Sai Yoke, Kanburi and Ratburi)
as well as from Northern Siam (Muang Prae).

165. RATUFA PHAEOPEPLA MARANA Thos. & Wrought.

Ratufa phacopepla marana, Thomas & Wroughton, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc, XXIV. 1916. p. 227. (Mount Popa, Burma).
Hitherto only obtained in the mountain regions of Koon Tan
and Pak Koh in Northern Siam.

VOL. Ill, NO. IL, 1919.

184 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

166, RATUFA MELANOPEPLA PENINSULAE Miller.
Ratufic melanopepla peninsulae, Miller. Smitiis. Mise. Coll. vol. 61. No
21. 19138, p. 25. (Lay Song Hong, Trang, Peninsular Siam).

A sonthern form confined to Peninsular Siam where specimens
have been met with at Kao Nawng, Ban Ioh Klap, Bang Nara,
Biserat, Jalor and ‘lalé-sap.

167. RATUFA MELANOPEPLA LEUCOGENYS Kloss.
Ratuju melunopepla lencogenys, Kloss. P. Z 8. 1916. p. 48. (Lem
Ngop, 8. 1d. Siam),

Apparently confined to South-eastern and Hastern Siam, ex-
tending into Central Siam east of the Chao Phya river, Besides the
type locality, it has been collected at Phrabat, Hinlap, Sakerat, Sri-
racha, Nong Khor, Krabin and Paknam Wrabin.

168. RATUFA MELANOPEPLA FRETENSIS Thos. & Wrought.

Rutufu melunopepla fretensix, Thomas & Wroughton, Ann, & Mag.
Nat. Hist. (8) LV, 1909. p. 535. (Pulau Langkawi).

Found on Pulau Terutau besides at the type locality.
169. RATUFA MELANOPEPLA DECOLORATA Rob. & Kloss.

Ratufic melunopepla decolorata, Robinson & Kloss. Aun. & Mag. Not.
Hist. (8) NULL. 1914. p. 227. (Xoh Samui),
Confined to the Islands Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, where it
is quite common.

170. RATUFA MELANOPEPLA SINUS Kloss,

Ratufu melanopepla sinus, Wloss. P.Z.S. 1916. p 44. (oh Kut).
Found on Koh Kut, off the coast of South-eastern Siam.

171. RATUFA AFFINIS AURELVENTER (Geoff.),
Seiurus anreiventer, Is Geollr, Guérin, Mag. Zool, 1832. (Malazea)->
Peninsular Siam, where specimens have been collected at Bang
Nara, Patani.
172. Rarura pyRsoNnoTA Miller,

Ratufa pyrsonota, Miller, Proc. Wash, Acad, 1900, p. 75, (Trang,
Peninsular Siam).
Specimens recorded from Trang, Bang Nara and Khao Wang
Hip, al! places in Peninsular Siam.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 13S

173. CALLOSCIURUS ERYTHRAEUS RUBECULUS (Miller).
Seiurus rubeculus, Miller. Smiths, Mise, Coll. vol. 45. 1903. p 22,
(KXhao Sai Dow, Trang, Peninsular Siam).
Inhabits Peninsular Siam where specimens have been reported
from Trang, Khao Nawng and Khao Wang Hip.
174, CALLOSCIURUS ERYTHRAEUS PRANIS (Kloss’.
Scturus erythracus. pranis, Wloss, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soe, Siam, LI.
1916. p. 1738, (Kohl Lak, 8. Siam).
Found in the country north of the distributional area of the
former race.
175. CALLOSCLURUS ATRODORSALIS THAI (Kloss).
Sciurus atrodorsalis tha’, Kloss. Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, I.
1917. p. 285. (Raheng, Central Siam).

Apparently confined to Central Siam but extending southwards
at least to about Lat, N. 12°., as specimens have been obtained at Hue
Sak near the Siam—Tenasserim frontier.

176. CALLOSCIURUS ATRODORSALIS ZIMMEENSIS Rob. & Wrought.

Cullosciurus utrodorsalis zimmeensis, Robinson & Wroughton. Journ.

I. M.S. Mus, VII, 197. p. 91. (Chiengmai, N. Siam).
Inhabits Northern Siam but extends southwards on the western
side of the MeDing river as far as Paknam Po.
177. CALLOSCIURUS ATRODORSALIS TACHIN (Kloss).
Sciurus atrodorsalis tachin, Kloss. Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, IT.
1916. p. 178 (Tachin, Central Siam).

Found at, and originally described from Tachin, west of Bang-
kok. Specimens from the Province of Ratburi may possibly belong to
this race. . :

178. CALLOSCIURUS FINLAYSONI FINLAYSONI (Hors f.).

Sciurus finlaysoni, Horsfield. Zool, Res. in Java, 1824. (Koh Si

Chang).

The White Squirrel inhabiting Koh Si Chang, in the imner
Gulf of Siam, should bear Horstield’s name and then C. 7. portus
Kloss, becomes a synonym.

179. CALLOSCIURUS FINLAYSONI TACHARDI Rob.

Callosciurus finluysons tuchard?, Robinson, Journ, V. M. 8, Mas. VIL.

1916. p. 386. (R. Mee Nan, Siam).*

[*“Lhe Nan River. Eds.]

ee

VOL. III, NO. II, 1919,

156 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

There has been much controversy lately about the correct name
of the White Squirrel from the mainland of Siam, but it seems evident
that Horsfield meant the island form when he gave it the name of
Sciurus fiulaysoni. The mainland form, therefore, must bear the name
0. f. tachardi as proposed by Robinson. It is quite common in Hast-
ern and Centra! Siam but less so in the Northern parts of the country.
Never recorded from Peninsular Siam.

180. CALLOSCLURUS FINLAYSONI HARMANDI (M. Edw.).

Sciurus harmandi, A. Milne Edwards. Bull. Soe. Philom. (6) XI.
1876. p. &. (Phu Kok, Chantaboon ).

A doubtful form, having only been recorded from Kampengpet,
Central Siam by Bonhote (P. Z. 8. 1901. p. 54.)
181. CALLOSCLURUS FINLAYSONI FOLLETT (Kloss)..

Sciurus finlaysoné follett?, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam [. 1978,
p. 159. (Koh Phai).

An Island race inhabiting Koh Phai in the inner Gulf of Siam,

182. CALLOSCLURUS FINLAYSONI TROTTER (Kloss.).

Sciurus finlaysoné trotteri, Kloss, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam IT.
1916. p. 178. (tol Lan).

Another Island race found on Koh Lan in the Loner Galf of
Siam.

183. CALLOSCIURUS EPOMOPHORUS EPOMOPHORUS (Bonh.)

Seiurus epomophorus, Bouhote. Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist. (7) VIL.
1901, p. 272. (Salanga Island).

Inhabits the Island of Salanga (Puket) off the western coast of
Peninsular Siam.

184, CALLOSCIURUS EPOMOPHORUS FLUMINALIS (Rob. & Wrought.)

Sciurue epomophorus fluminalis, Robinson & Wroughton. Journ.
F.M.S Mus, IV. 1911. p. 233. (MePing rapids, N. Siam).

Hitherto only recorded trom the type locality.
185. CALLOSCIURUS EPOMOPHORUS INEXPECTATUS (Kloss).

Sciurus epomophorus inexpectatus, Kloss. Journ, Nat, Hist. Soc. Siam
Il. 1916. p. 178. (Koh Lak, Pran, 8. W. Siam),
Found in South-western Siam. Specimens from the Province
of Ratburi probably belong to this same race.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOO, SIAM.

THE.MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 157

186. CALLOSCIURUS EPOMOPHORUS ADANGENSIS (Miller).
Sciurus adangensis, Miller. Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol. 45. 1908. p. 17.
Pulan Adang, Butang Islands). ;
Found on Pulau Adang, one of the Butang Islands off the west-
ern coast of Peninsular Siam.
187. CALLOSCIURUS EPOMOPHORUS CASENSIS (Miller).
Sciurus casensis. Miller. Smiths. Mise. Coll. vol. 45, 19038. p. 20.
(Chance Island, Mergui Archipelago).
Inhabits Chance Island in the Siamese part of the Mergui
Archipelago.
188. CALLOSCIURUS CONCOLOR CONCOLOR (Blyth).
Neiurus concolor, Blyth. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XXIV. 1855.
p. 474. (Malacea).
Specimens recorded uuder this name have been collected at

Bang Nara, Patani, Jalor and Nawngchik-:
189, CALLOSCIURUS CONCOLOR TERUTAVENSIS (Thos. & Wrought.),
Sciurus concolor terutavensis, Thomas & Wroughton, Ann, & Mag.
Nat. Hist, (8) IV, 1909. p. 535, (Pulau Terutan).
Inhabits Pulau Terutau off the western coast of Peninsular Siam.
190. CALLOscrURUS CONCOLOR MILLERI (Rob. & Wrought.).

Scfvurus Pe ees miller, Robinson & Wroughton, Journ, F,M.S8,

Mus. LV, 1911, p, 233, (Trang, Peninsular Siam),
Fairly common in ‘Besa Siam where specimens have been
obtained at Ban Koh Klap (Bandon), Klong Wang Hip (Tung Song)

and Trang.

191. CALLOSCIURUS CONCOLOR SAMUIENSIS (Rob. & Kloss).
Sciurus concolor samuiensis, Robinson & Kloss, Ann, & Mag, Nat,
Hist. (8) NITL, 1914. p. 226, (Koh Samui).
An Island race found on Koh Samui.
192. CALLOSCIURUS CONCOLOR FALLAX (Rob. & Kloss).

Se‘urus concolor fallax, Robinson & Kloss, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) XLII. 1914. p, 225, (Koh Pennan’.
Very common and only found on Koh Pennan.

193. CALLOSCIURUS CANICEPS CANICEPS (Gray).

Sceiurus caniceps, Gray. Ann, & Mag, Nat, Hist, X, 1842, p, 263,
(N, Tenasserim).

VOL. TIT, NO. TIT, 1919,

158 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

Widely distributed and very common throughout the whole
country.
194. CALLOSCIURUS CANICEPS HELGE! (Gyldenst.).

Seiucus helye’, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl, Sv. Vetenskapsakad, Handl, Bd.
47. No, 2, 1917, p. 34 (Koh Lak. 8.W, Siam),

Hitherto only obtained at the type locality.

195. CALLOSCIURUS ALBIVEXILLI (Kloss).

Sedurus albivevill’, Kloss, P.Z.S, 1916, p. 47, (oh Kat).

Apparently confined to the Island of Koh Kut in the inner
Gulf of Siam.

196, CALLOSCIURUS FERRUGINEUS CINNAMOMEUS (Temm.).

Securus cinnamomeus, Temminek, Esq. Zool. Guiné. 1853, p. 250,

(Cambodia),

This beautiful red Squirrel is very common in Northern, Cen-
tral, Eastern and South-eastern Siam, but as far as | know it has never
been obtained in Peninsular Siam.

197. CALLOSCIURUS FERRUGINEUS FRANDSENI (Kloss).

Seiurus finlaysoni frandseni, Kloss, P.Z.8, 1916. p, 46, (Koh Chang),

Inhabits Koh Chang, an Island off the coast of South-eastern
Siam.

198. CaLLoscrurus Nox (Wrought.).

Sciurus noc, Wroughton, Ann. & Mag, Nat, Hist, 8) IT. 1908, p, 397,
(Sea-coast South of Bangkok’,
This jet black Squirrel only seems to be distributed in South-
eastern Siam, where it is by no means common; only a few specimens
have been collected, viz, at Sriracha and at Hup Bon,

199, CALLosciurUs BocouRTI BocouRTI (M. Edw.).

Sciurus bocourti, M, Edwards, Rey, Zool, 1867, p. 193, (Ayathia,
Central Siam),
Found in Central Siam, where specimens have been recorded

from Ayuthia, Sam Kok and Bangkok.
200, CALLOSCIURUS BOCOURTI SINISTRALIS (Wrought.).

Seiurus bocourt) sinistralis, Wroughton, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)
I]. 1908. p. 399. (MeYome river below Pichit, Central Siam),

Found along the Me Yome river north to Pitsanulok, Central

Siam.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 159

201. CALLOSCIURUS BOCOURTI DEXTRALIS (Wrought.).

Seiurus bocourt’ dectralis, Wroughton, Ann, & Mag, Nat, Hist, (8)
IT. 1908, p, 400, (Kampengpet. Central Siam),

Inhabits the lower Me Ping valley north to Raheng.

202. CALLOSCIURUS BOCOURTI LYLEL (Wrought.),

Sevurus bocourt’ lyle?, Wroughton. Aun. & Mag, Nat, Hist, (8) II,
1908, p. dul, (Chiengmai, Northern Siam),

Found at Chiengmai and its neighbourhood.

203. CALLOSCIURUS BOCOURTI GRUTI (Gyldenst.).
Seiurus bocourt’ gruti, Gyldenstolpe. Kungl. Sv, Vetenskapsakad
Handl. Bd, 57, No, 2. p. 37. 19:7. (Bang Hue Pong, N. Siam).
A mountain species hitherto only obtained at Koon Tan in Nor-
thern Siam.

204. CALLOSCIURUS CASTANEOVENTRIS GORDONI (Anders. ).
Securus Gordoni, Anderson, P.Z.S. 1871, p. 140. (Bhamo, Upper
Burma’.
Found in Northern Siam, where it seems to be widely distri-
buted and fairly common, Specimens recorded from Doi Sutep, Doi
Par Sakeng and Ban Me Na.

205. CALLOSCIURUS VITTATUS MINIATUS (Miller).

Sciurus notatus miniatus, Miller, Proc. Wash. Acad, Sei, If. 1900.
p. 79, (Trang, Peninsular Siam),

Inhabits Southern and Peninsular Siam, where specimens have
been obtained at Khao Nawng, Khao Wang Hip, Bang Nara, Trang,
Jering and Nawngchik.

206. CALLOSCIURUS NIGROVITTATUS BILIMITATUS (Miller),

Sciurus bilimitatus, Miller, Smiths, Mise, Coll, vol, 45, 1993, p. &,
(Tanjong Laboha, Trezgganu),
Recorded from Nawngchik in Southern Siam by Bonhote (Fase.
Malayenses Zool. Part. L. 1903. p. 28).

207. CALLOSCIURUS HIPPURUS (Is. Geoff.).

Sciurus hippurus, 1s Geoff. Mag, de Zool. Cl. T, No. 6, pl, 6, 1832:
(Malacca),

Hitherto only reported from Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular
Siam.

VOL. If, NO. TT, 1919,

160 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

208. CALLOSCIURUS PREVOSTIL PREVOSTII (Desm.).

Sc‘urus prevostii, Desmarest, Mamm, 1822, p, 335, (Malacea),
Only recorded from Bang Nara, Peninsular Siam.

209. DREMOMYS RUFIGENIS RUFIGENIS (Blanf.).
Seiurus rufigenis, Blanford, Journ, Asiat, Soe, Bengal, NLVIT, pt, 2,
1878, p, 156. pls. 7—8. (Mooleyit, Tenasserim),
The typical form of this Squirrel has only been found in North-
ern Siam, viz., at Doi Sutep, near Chiengmai.

210. DREMOMYS RUFIGENIS BELFIELD! (Bonh.).
Funambulus rufigenis. belfieldi, Bouhote, Journ, PF. M.S, Mus, IIL
1908, p. 9. (Gunong Uli Kali, Selangor’,
Common in the Malay Peninsula extending northwards into
Peninsular Siam, where specimens have been collected at Khao Nawng
and Khao Wang Hip.

211. ToMEUTES TENUIS sURDUS (Miller).
Sciurus tenuis surdus, Miller, Proe, Wash, Acad, Sei, IT, 1900. p, 80
(Trang, Peninsular Siam),
Found in Peninsular Siam, where specimens have been obtained
at Khao Wang Hip, Bukit Besar, Jalor, Nawngehik and Trang.

212. ToMEUTES TENUIS GUNONG (Rob. & Kloss).
Sciurus tenuis gunong, Robinson & Kloss, Journ, F, M.S. Mus. V,
1916, p. 119, (Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam }.
A mountain species, hitherto only found at the type locality,
and even there at considerable elevations.

213. TOMEUTES ROBINSONI (Bonh.).
Sciurus robinsoni, Bonhote, Fase, Malayenses Zool, Part I, 1903, p, 24
(Bukit Besar, Nawngehik ).
Besides from the type locality, this Squirrel has hitherto only
been obtained on Khao Nawng, Bandon.

214, TAMIOPS BARBEI KONGENSIS (Bonh.).

Seiurus macclellandi kongensis, Bonhote. P, Z. S, 1901, p.55. (Raheng.
Central Siam).

Very common in Northern and Central Siam, from where it
extends into South-western Siam at least as far south as Petcha-
buri.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 161

215, ‘TAMIOPS MACCLELLANDI NOVEMLINEATUS (Miller),
Seiurus novemlineatus, Miller, Biol. Soe. Wash, XVI, 1903. p. 147,
( Trang, Peninsular Siam ).
Inhabits Peninsular Siam, but northern limits of range not
known at the present time. Specimens collected at Trang and Ban
Koh Klap ( Bandon ).

216. TAMIOPS RODOLPHI (M. Edw.).

Sciurus rodolphi, M. Edwards, Rev. et Mag. de Zool, X UX. 1867,
p. 227. (Cochin China ),

The South-eastern and Hastern parts of Siam are apparently in-
habited by this Squirrel, as specimens have been obtained at Lem
Ngop. It also extends into Central Siam, as shown by a specimen col-
lected at Krabin, but where it meets J. barbet kongensis Bonh.
is not known.

217. RATTUS RATTUS RUFESCENS (Gray).
Mus rufescens, Gray, Charlesw, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 1837, p, 588,
( India ).
A common house rat, found throughout the whole country.

218. RATTUS RATTUS THAI Kloss.

Rattus rattus thai, Kloss. Journ, Nat. Hist. Soe, Siam. 11, 1917
p. 286. ( Raheng, C. Siam ),

Recently described from specimens obtained at Raheng in Cen-
tral Siam, but also found at Me Yen, Lakorn, N. Siam.

219. Rarrus RATTUS PORTUS (Kloss).

Lpimys vattus portus, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 1, 1915
p. 221. (Koh Si Chang), ;

An [sland race inhabiting Koh Si Chang in the Inner Gulf of,
Siam.

220. RATTUS RATTUS POENITENTIARII (Kloss),

Epimys rattus poenitentiart/, Kloss, Journ. Nat, Hist, Soc, Siam, 1.
1915. p. 222. (Soh Phai),

Found on Koh Phai, Inner Gulf of Siam.
221. RA?TUS RATTUS JALORENSIS (Bonh.).

Mus jalorensis, Bonhote. Fasc, Malayenses Zool. Part 1, 1903, p. 28.
(Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik, Peninsular Siam).

Besides from the type locality, specimens of this race have been

VOL. 111, NO. III, 1919.

162 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

recorded from Koon Tan and Doi Par Sakeng (Northern and North-
western Siam), Ban Koh Klap (Bandon, Peninsular Siam) and from
the Islands of Koh Samui and Koh Pennan.

222, RATTUS RATTUS KRAENSIS (Kloss).
Epimys rattus kraenis, Kloss, P.Z.S. 1916. p. 57. (Koh Kra).
Only found on the Island of Kra, off the coast of South-east-

ern Siam.

223, RATTUS RATTUS MAKENSIS (Kloss).
Epimys rattus mukensis, Kloss. P.Z.8, 1916, p. 56. (Xu Mak).
Another Island race inhabiting Koh Mak.

224, RATTUS RATTUS KLUMENSIS (Kloss).
Kpimys rattus klumensis, Kloss. V.Z.8. 1916. p. 56. (Kuh Klum).
Still another form found on Koh Klum.

225. Rarrus RATTUS RANGENSIS (Kloss).
Epinys rattus rangensis, Kloss. P.Z.S. 1916. p. 56. (Koh Rang®.
Inhabits Koh Rang, where it is fairly common.

226. Rarrus RATTUS REMOTUS (Rob, & Kloss).

Epimys remotus, Robinson & Kloss. Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8)
XIII, 914, p, 231,
Found on Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, off the eastern coast of

Peninsular Siam.
227. RATTUS RATTUS GRISEIVENTER (Bonh.).
Mus griseirenter, Bonhote. Fase. Malayenses Zool, Part I. 1903. p. 30.
(Didor, 8. Perak).
Originally described from the Malay Peninsula, but specimens
also obtained in Siam, viz., at Doi Par Sakeng (N. W. Siam) and on

Koh Chang.*

* Several specimens of rats belonging to the raftus group have been
collected at various places in Siam, such as at Ok Yam, Klong Yai
(8.1. Siam), Pak Jong (12, Siam), Krabin (C, Siam), Maprit, Patiyu
(Peninsular Siam) and on the Islands of Koh Chang, Koh Mehsi
Kast and Koh Mehsi West, but as these specimens mostly have been
immature, it has been impossible to definitely state to which form
they belong,

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 163

228. RaTTUS RATTUS PANNOSUs (Miller).
Mus pannosus, Miller. Proc. Biol, Soe. Wash. XIII, 1900. p. 19)
(Pulau Adang).
Recorded from Adang Island, off the western coast of Peninsu-
lar Siam.
229, RATTUS RATTUS PANNELLUS (Miller).
Epimys pannellus, Miller, Smiths, Mise. Coll. vol. 61. No 2'. 19138.
p. 8. (Pulau Rawi, Butang Islands).
Hitherto only found in the type locality.

230. RaTTUS RATTUS FORTUNATUS (Miller).
Epimys rattus fortunatus, Miller. Smiths. Mise. Coll, vol, 61. No, 21.
1913, p. 15, (Chance Island, Mergui Archipelago).
As far as known this form only inhabits Chance Island in the
Siamese part of the Mergui Archipelago.
231. RATTUS SURIFER SURIFER (Miller).
Mus surifer, Miller. Proe. Biol. Soe Wash. XIII. 1900. p 118,
(Trang, Peninsular Siam).
Very common in Southern, South-western and Peninsular
Siam. A single specimen has also been recorded from Koon Tan in

Northern Siam, so that it seems to be distributed throughout the whole
country, though rare in the North.

232. RATTUS SURIFER FINIS (Kloss).

Epimys surifer finis, Kloss. P.Z.S8. 1916. p.5'!. (Kloug Menao, 8S, E.
Siam).

Inhabits South-eastern and Fastern Siam, where it is quite
common. Specimens obtained at the following localities: -Ok Yam,
Klong Yai, Klong Menao, Khao Sebab (S. E. Siam) and at Pak Jong,

Hinlap and Sakerat ( H. Siam ).
233, RATTUS SURIFER CHANGENSIS (Kloss).
Epimys surifer changensis, Kloss. P.Z.S. 1916. p, 52. (Koh Chang).
Found on Koh Chang, off the coast of South-eastern Siam.
234, RATTUS SURIFER KUTENSIS (Kloss).
Epimys surifer kutensis, Kloss. P.Z.S. 1916. p. 52. (Koh Kut),

Common on Koh Kut.

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164 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

235. RATTUS SURIFER PELAGIUS (Kloss).
Epimys surifer pelagius, Kloss, P.Z.S. 1916. p. 53. (Koh Rang),
A slightly differentiated Island race inhabiting Koh Rang.
236. RATTUS SURIFER CONNECTENS (Kloss).
Epimys surifer connectens, Kloss P.Z.S. 1916. p. 43. (Koh Mak).
Inhabits the Island of Koh Mak.
237. RATTUS SURIFER ECLIPSIS (Kloss),
Kpimys surifer eclipsiz, Kloss, V.Z.5. 196, p, 53, (Itoh ra).
Exclusively found on the Island of Koh Kra,
238. RATTUS SURIFER TENEBROSUS (Kloss®.
Epimys surifer tenebrosus, Kloss. P.Z.S. 1916. p. a4, (Kol Kiam),
Still another of the numerous [sland races. Inhabits Koh Klum,
239. RATTUS SURIFER MANICALIS (Rob. & Kloss.).
Epimys surifer manicalis, Robinson & Kloss. Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist,
(8) NIL. 19 4. p. 230. (Koh Pennan).
Found on the Island of Koh Pennan, off the Histern coast of
Peninsular Siam.
240. RaATTUS SURIFER spURCUS (Rob. & Kloss).
Epimys surifer spurcus, Robinson & Kloss, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist,
(8) XLII, 1914, p. 230, (Xoh Samui).
Common on Koh Samui, off the eastern coast of Peninsular
Sian.
241. RATTUS SURIFER BUTANGENSIS (Miller).
Mus surifer butangensis, Miller, Proce, Biol Soc. Wash, XLLL, 1900.
p. 190, (Pulan Adang, Butang Islands),
An Island form obtained on Pulau Adang and Pulau Rawi.
242. RATTUS SURIFER CASENSIS (Miller).

Mus casensis, Miller, Smiths. Mise. Coll, vol. 45, 1903, p. 38 (Chance
Island, Mergui Archipelago),
Only obtained on Chance Island in the Siamese part of the

Mergui Archipelago.
243, RATTUS VOCIFERANS VOCIFERANS (Miller).

Mus cociferans, Miller, Proe, Biol, Soc. Wash, NILT, 1900, p, 138.
(Trang, Peninsular Siam),

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SUC, SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 155

Originally described from Trang but apparently distributed
throughout Peninsular Siam, as specimens have also been obtained at
Ban Koh Klap, Khao Nawng (Bandon) and at Maprit (Patiyu).

244, RATTUS VOCIFERANS HERBERT! (Kloss).
Rpimys vo:iferans herbertié, loss. Journ Nat. Hist. Soe, Siam, rr.
1916, p. 25 (Pak Jong).

A specimen collected at Pak Jong in Hastern Siam is said to
differ from the typical form, but nothing is known about its occurrence
and distribution.

245. RATTUS VOCIFERANS TERSUS (Thos. & Wrought.).

Mus voeiferans tersus, Thomas & Wroughton, Ann, & Mag. Nat.
Hist. (8) LV, 1999. p. 535 (Pulau Terutan),

An Island race found on Pulau Terutau, off the Western coast of
Peninsular Siam.

246. RATTUS FULVESCENS BUKIT (Bonh.).

Mus bukit, Bonhote. Ann & Mag. Nat. Hist, (7) XI, 1903, p. 125
( Bukit Besar, Nawngehik, Peninsular Siam).

Obtained in Peninsular (Bukit Besar and Chong) as well as in Nor-
thern, Siam ( Doi Sutep, near Chiengmai ) but rather rare.

247. RATTUS FULVESCENS MARINUS (Kloss).

Epimys jerdoni marinus, Kloss. P. Z. 8, 19 6, p. 59 (KXoh Chang).
Originally described from Koh Chang, off the coast of South-
eastern Siam, but also found on Koh Kut.

248. RaTTUS FULVESCENS PAN (Rob. & Kloss).

Epimys jerdon’ pan, Robinson & Kloss, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist... (8)
XILT, 1914, p. 229 (oh Samui).

Common on the Island of Koh Samui, off the Eastern coast of
Peninsular Siam,

249. RATTUS FULVESCENS ORBUS (Rob. & Kloss).

Epimys orbus, Robinson & Kloss, Ann. & Mag: Nat. Hist, (8) XIII,
1914, p. 228 (Khao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam),

Hitherto only known from the type specimen.
250. RATTUS BERDMOREI MAGNUS (Kloss).
Epimys berdmore’ magnus, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 57, (Klong Menao,
S, E. Siam).

VOL. III, NO. III, 1919.

166 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

Only known from the type locality where a single specimen was
obtained by Kloss on the 12th. January 1915.

251. RATTUS CREMORIVENTER CREMORIVENTER (Miller).
Mus cremoriventer, Miller, Proc, Biol, Soe, Wash, XIIT, 1900, p, 144,
(Trang, Peninsular Siam).

Recorded from Trang, Jalor and Nangehick in Peninsular Siam.

252. RATTUS CREMORIVENTER SOLUS (Miller).
Epimys solus, Miller, Smiths. Mise. Coll, vol. 61, No. 21, 1913, p. 22,
(Pulau Terutan).
An Island race inhabiting Pulau Terutan.

253. RATTUS FERREOCANUS (Miller).
Mus ferreocanus, Miller, Proc. Biol Soc. Wash, XIII, 1900, p. 140,
(Trang, Peninsular Siam).
Peninsular Siam where specimens have been collected in Trang,
and at Maprit (Patiyn).
254, RAaTTUS VALIDUS (Miller).
Mus validus, Miller, Proc, Biol. Soe. Wash, XIII, 1900, p. 141,
(Trang, Peninsular Siam).
A southern form inhabiting Peninsular Siam where specimens
have been obtained at Trang, Khao Nawng ( Bandon ) and at Klong

3?

Bang Lai (Patiyu).

255. RaTTUS CONCOLOR (Blyth).

Mus concolor, Vlyth, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal XXVIII, 1889,
p 295. (Schwegyen, Burma).

Apparently commonly distributed throughout the whole coun-
try.
256. RATTUS SAKERATENSIS Gyldenst.

Rattus sakeratensis, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Veteaskapsakad. Handl
3d. 57, No. 2, 19.7, p. 46 (Sakerat, 12. Siam).

Hitherto only known from the type specimen.

257. RATTUS PELLAX (Miller).

Mus pellar, Miller, Proe, Biol. Soe. Wash. XTIT, 1900, p, 147 (Trang,
Peninsular Siam),
Recorded from Trang in Peninsular, and from Hat Sanuk in
South-western, Siam.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. STAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 167

258. RATTUS ASPER (Miller).

Mus asper, Miller, Proc, ' iol. Soe, Wash. XTIL. 1909 p, 145 (Trang,
Peninsular Siam).
This form has up to the present time only been found within

Siamese territory at Trang.
259. Mus-MuscuLUS Linn.
Mus musculus, Linnaeus. Syst. Nat. 1, Ed, 10, 1758. p. 62 (Upsala,

Sweden).
Recorded from Nan by Bonhote, from Bangkok by Flower, and

from “Siam” by Pousarges.
260, MILLARDIA MELTADA (Gray).
Golunda meltada, Gray, Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist. 1, 18357,
p. 586 ( Bombay ). ‘
Obtained at Biserat, Jalor, according to Bonhote.
261. TauTatus THAT Kloss.

Tautataus thai, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam 11, 1917, p. 280
( Raheng, Central Siam ).

Up to the present time only found in the type locality, where a

single female specimen was collected in February 1917.

262. VANDELEURIA SIBYLLA Thos.

Vandeleurta sibylla, Thomas, Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soe. XXIII,
1914 p. 202 ( Chantaboon, S. FE, Siam ).

Recently described on specimens collected at Chantaboon, South-
eastern Siam.
263. CHIROPODOMYS GLIROIDES (Blyth).
Mus gliroides, Blyth, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal XXIV, 1855, p. 721
( Cherra Panji).
Apparently very rare in Siam; only. recorded from Lat Bua
Kao in Eastern Siam by Kloss, and from Si-sa-wat, in the Ratburi
Province by Gairdner.
264, HAPALOMYS LONGICAUDATUS Blyth.
Hapalomys longicaudatus, Blyth Journ, Asiat, Soc. Bengal XXVIH,
1859, p. 226 (Schwegyen. Burma ).
Of this rare species only a few specimens have been collected in
Siam, viz. at the Qaaa Noi river (14°22’N. Lat.) in the Province of
Ratburi, and at Patani.

VOL, I, NO. TIT, 1979,

168 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

265. BANDICOTA MORDAX Thos.
Bandicota mordar, Thomas, Journ, Bombay Nat, Hist. Soe. XXIV,
1916, p. 642 ( Chiengmai, N, Siam ),
Recently described on a specimen collected at Chiengmai in
Northern Siam, but nothing else known abont its distribution and ec-
curence in Siam.

266. NYCTOCLEPTES SUMATRENSIS (Rafil.).

Mus sumatrensis, Waffles, Trans. Linn, Soc. XIII, 1822, p. 258
(Sumatra),

Recorded from several localities in Peninsular Siam (Ban Koh
Klap, Biserat, Jalor), and from Ratburi, but northern limits of range
not known.
267. NYCTOCLEPTES CINEREUS (McClell.).

Rhizomys cinereus, McClelland, Calentta Journ, Nat. Hist. Soe, IT,
1842, p, 356 (Tenasserim).

Hitherto only recorded from the Me Taw forest near Kaheng in
Central Siam and from North-western Siam (Doi Par Sakeng). Fairly
common in the bamboo jungles.

268. RuizoMys PANNOSUS Thos.

Rhicomys pannosus, Thomas, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. a XVI, 1915,
p. 60 (¢ hantaboon, 8S, E. Siam).

Recently described from Chantaboon in South-eastern : Sides but
distribution still unknown.
269, CANNOMYS MINOR (Gray).
Rhizomys minor, Gray. Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (Ft) X, 1842, p. 266
(Cochin China ?).

Imperfectly known and specimens highly desirable. Recorded
from Nan, Chiengmai, Raheng and Petchaburi, but uncertain if the
specimens belong to C. minor Gray, or to the northern race Cannomys
badius Hodgs. *

270. CANNOMYS MINOR LONNBERGI Gyldenst.

Cannomys minor lénnbergi, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vetenskapsakad,

Handl. Bd. 57, No, 2. 1917, p. 47 (Sakerat, E, Siam),
This race is apparently confined to Hastern Siam as it has only
been obtained up to the present time in the type locality.
271, ACANTHION BRAOHYURUS (Linn.).

Hystric brachyura, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I. Ed, 10, 1768, p. 57
(Malacea).

JOURN. NAT. ILIST. SOC, SIAM,

/ THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 169

Obtained and recorded from Peninsular Siam, where specimens
have been collected at Bang Nara, Biserat and Jalor. Mentioned as an
inhabitant of “ Siam” by Flower.

272, ACANTHION KLOSSI Thos.

Acanthion klosst, Thomas, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) XVIL 1916,
p. 139 (Tenasserim).

Besides the specimen from the type locality (‘Tenasserim Town)
it has also been obtained at Klong Yai(S. E. Siam) according to Kloss,
and in South-western Siam at 12° N. 99° 40° E. by Gairdner. A speci-
men collected in Northern Siam by myself may also be referred to thig
form, which therefore seems to be found throughout almost the whole
country.

273. ACANTHION TERUTAUS ( Lyon).

Atherurus terutaus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXXII, 1907, p. 587
(Pulau Terutau).

Confined to the Island of Terutau, off the Western coast of
Peninsular Siam.
274, ATHERURUS MACROURUS (Linn.),

(Aystrix) macroura, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1. Ed, 10. 1758. p. 57 (Kast
Indies).

Recorded from Trang by Lyon and from Biserat by Bonhote.

275. LEPUS SIAMENSIS Bonh.
Lepus staumensis, Bonhote, P. Z, 8. 1962, p. 40 (* hiengmai, N. Siam).
Hares belonging to this form are fairly common in suitable
localities throughout the whole country. Southward they extend at
least to Koh Lak where they are quite common.

ORDER UNGULATA.
SUBORDER PROBOSCIDEA.

276. ELEPHAS MAXIMUS Linn.

Elephas maximus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1 Ed, 10, 1756, p. 38
(Ceylon).

Wild Elephants occur throughout Siam, and they are not un-.
common in suitable localties.
SUBORDER PRERIS*ODACTYLA.
277. RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS Desm.
Rhinoceros sondaicus, Desmarest, Mammalogie. vol. 11, 1822, p. 399
( Assam.)

VOL, 111, NO. 1, 1919,

170 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

The Two-horned Rhinoceros occurs in Siam but is rather rare,
though found in suitable localities throughout South-western, and
Northern Siam and Laos.

278. RHINOCEROS SUMATRENSIS Cuv.
Rhinoceros sumatrensis, Cuvier, Regne Animal 1, 1817, p. 240
(Sumatra).

The One-horned Rhinoceros also inhabits Siam where it is
sparingly found along the Western frontier, but its distribution is still
very imperfectly known like that of the former species. It seems, how-
ever, to be more common in the southern districts than in the north.

279. Tarirus inpicus Desm.
Tupirus indicus, Desmarest, Nouy. Diet. Hist, Nat. XXXL 1819,
p. 408 (Malay Peninsula).

The distribution of the Tapir in Siam is very imperfectly known,
but it seems to occur in Peninsular and South-western Siam, at
least north to the Province of Ratburi. According to Pousarges
it also inhabit South-eastern Siam. Said to be fairly common in Patani,
and recorded from Hat Sanuk and Hue Sai near the Siam-Tenasserim
frontier.

SUBORDER ARTIODACTYLA.
280. Sus cRistatus JUBATUS Miller.
Sus jubutus, Miller, Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus, XXX, 1906, p. 745
(Trang, Peninsular Siam),

The Malayan Maned Pig, which is very common in the Malay
Peninsula, and especially in the southern parts, also seems to occur in
Siam, but as very few specimens have been collected, its distribution
towards the north is quite uncertain. It seems, however, to be fairly
common in Peninsular and South-western Siam. Wild Pigs also occur
in the northern districts, bat whether they belong to this or another
allied race is unknown. Also recorded frum the Island of Koh Chang.

283. SuS CRISTATUS JUBATULUS Miller.

Sus jubatulus, Miller, Proc, U. S, Nat. Mus. XXX, 1906, p. 746
(Pulau Terutau).
A slightly differentiated Island race inhabiting Terutau, off the
western coast of Peninsular Siam.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 171

282. TRAGULUS KANCHIL AFFINIS Gray.

Tragulus ajfinis, Gray, P. ZS, 1861, p 138 (Cambodia).

Inhabits Eastern, and Central Siam, but southera limits of range
still unknown. Specimens recorded from the following localities :—
Muak Lek, in the Dong Phya Fai (Histern Siam); Ok Yam, Chantaboon
(South-eastern Siam), Koh Lak and Hat Sanuk (South-western Siam).

283. TRAGULUS KANCHIL RAVUS Miller.
Tragulus ravus, Miller, Proc, Bivl. Soc. Wash, XV, 1902, p. 163
(Trang, Peninsular Siam).

A Southern form inhabiting Peninsular Siam, where specimens
have been collected at Trang, Ban Koh Klap (Bandon) and Maprit
(Patiyu). Northern limits of range not definitely ascertained.

284, TRAGULUS KANCHIL WILLIAMSONI Kloss.
Lragulus kanchil williamsoni, Kloss, Journ. Nat, Hist. Soc, Siaw,
II, 1916, p, 88 (Me Song forest. Muang Prae, N. Siam),

A northern form apparently confined to Northern Siam, where
it is fairly common.

285, TRAGULUS KANCHIL RAVULUS Miller,

Tragulus ravulus, Miller, Proc. Biol. Sos, Wash, XVI. 1903, p. 41
(Pulau Adang, butang Islands),

An insular race inhabiting Pulu Adang, off the western coast of
Peninsular Siam.

TRAGULUS KANCHIL FULVIVENTER>RAVUS,

Specimens from the Province of Bandon in Peninsular Siam
seem to be intermediate between 7’. kunchil fulviventer and T. kanchil
ravus.

286. TRAGULUS CANESCENS CANESCENS Miller.

Tragulus canescens, Miller. Proc. Biol, Soc. Wash, NILI, 1900,
p. 185, (Trang, Peninsular Siam).

Except those from the type locality, no authentic specimens of
the Larger Mouse Deer have been recorded from Siamese territory,

287, TRAGULUS CANESCENS TERUTUS Thos. & Wrought.

Tragulus canescens terutus, Thomas & Wroughton. Ann. & Mag.
Nat, Hist. (8) LV. 1909. p, 5386. (Pulau Terutau,.
Found on the Island of Terutau, off the western coast of Penin-
sular Siam.

VOL. Ill, NO III, 1919.

172 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

288. MUNTIACUS MUNTJAK CURVOSTYLIS (Gray).
Cervulus curvostylis, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit, Mus. 1872. p. 94.
(Petschabun, Central Siam).
Inhabits South-western, Central, Eastern and South-eastern
Siam, but northern limits of range not ascertained. Specimens re-
corded trom the Me Taw forest near Raheng, from Petchabun, Muak
Lek, Bangpakong, Ratburi, Hat Sanuk ete. Specimens from Peninsular
Siam may possibly belong to this form. Also recorded from the
Island of Koh Chang, off the coast of South-eastern Siam, but whether
the Island is inhabited by this or an allied race is still unknown.

289. MUNTIACUS MUNTJAK VAGINALIS (Bodd.).
Cervus vaginalis, Boddaert. Elench. Anim. [. (785. p. 136. (Bengal).
Confined to Northern Siam, where specimens have been col-
lected at Koon Tan, Bang Hue Pong and Me Lem.
290. MUNTIACUS FEAE (Thos. & Doria).

Cerrulus feae, Thomas & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova. (2) VIL. 1889.
p- 92. (Mooleyit. Tenasserim).

Apparently very rare and exclusively confined to South-western
Siam, where specimens have been recorded from Menam Lor near Quaa
Noi (14°. 23”. N. Lat.) in the Province of Ratburi.
291. CERVUS UNICOLOR EQUINUS Cuv.
Cervus equinus, Cuvier. Ossemens Fossiles Ed 2. vol, TV. 1823.
p. 45. (Sumatra),
Rather common throughout the whole country.

292, CERVUS ELDI PLATYCEROS (Gray).
Panolia platyceros, Gray. List. Mamm, Brit. Mus. 1843. 181.
(S. Siam).

“Thamins’* are not uncommon in suitable localities throughout
the whole country, but their southern limit of range still not as-
certained. Specimens recorded from Chienghai, Me Lua (N. Siam),
Non Luum (HE. Siam), Chawn Bung and Nawng Pla Duk (Ratburi ),
Choraké Sampan (Kanburi) and from the neighbourhood of Lopburi
(Central Siam).

293, CERVUS SCHOMBURGKI Blyth.
Cervus ( Rucerrus) schomburgki, Blyth. P. Z. 8. 1863. pp. 156 & 830.
(Siam).

* Siamese=lamang.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 173

Very little is known at the present time about the distribu-
tion and occurrence of Schomburgk’s Deer in Siam. Probably found in
Central Siam on the great swampy plains around Paknam Po and_pos-
sibly in Muang Petchabun.

294. CERVUS PORCINUS ANNAMITICUS (Heude).

Hyelaphus annamiticus, Heude. Mém. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chinois IT,
1888. p. 50. (Annan).

Hog-Deer are said to be quite common on the grassy plains in
the Province of Chantaboon, South-eastern Siam. Also observed by the
present author at Nong Bea in North-western Siam, but whether the
northern specimens belong to this or an allied race is still unknown, as
no specimens have been collected and properly examined.

295. CAPRICORNIS SUMATRENSIS MILNE-EDWARDSI David.

Capricernis milne-edwardsi’, David. Areh. Mus. Paris. V. 1869. p, 10.

(Moupin, Szechuan, China).

Fairly rare though occurring among the mountain regions of Nor-
thern and probably South-western and Western Siam. As no Siamese
specimens have been properly examined up to the present time it seems
impossible to ascertain if the Goat Antelopes found in Siam are identi-
eal with the Chinese form or not.

296. CAPRICORNIS SUMATRENSIS SWETTENHAMEI (Butler).

Nemorhoedus swettenhamei, Butler. P. Z, S. 1900. p. 675. (Larut Hills,
Perak, S. Malay Peninsula).

Even of this form very little is known at the present time, but it
probably inhabits Peninsular and possibly South-western Siam. Re-
corded from Jalor and Patani by Bonhote. The specimens obtained at
Koh Lak probably belong to this form.

297. Bos BUBALIS Linn.

Bos bubalis, Linnaeus. Syst, Nat, Ed, 10. 1758. p. 72, (India).

Some herds of semi-domesticated Water Buffaloes occur in
Siam, where they have been recorded from Muang Pimai in Eastern,
from Pailin in South-eastern, from Sam Roi Yot in South-western, and
from the neighbourhood of Raheng in Central, Siam, but really wild
Water Buffaloes do not occur in the country.

298. Bos GAURUS READI Lydekker.

Bos gaurus readi, Gydekker, Zoologist (4) VIL. 1903. p. 266.
(Burma).

VOU, III, NO. TIT, 1919.

174 COUNT NILS GYLDENSTOLPE ON

The Burmese race of the Gaur probably inhabits Northern and
North-western Siam, where it seems to be fairly common in the moun
tain regions. Southern limits of range not definitely known. Gaur
are, however, not rare on the Siam-Tenasserim boundary, but whethe
they belong to the Burmese or to the Malayan race ( Bos qaurus hub-
backi Lyd.) is not known.

299. Bos BANTENG BIRMANICUS Lydekker.

Bos sondaicus birmanicus, Lydekker. P. Z. 8S. 1898. p. 277. (Burma).

The Banteng or Tsaine occurs among the mountain regions
throughout Siam, though it seems to be more common in the Northern
and Central parts of the country. Southwards it extends at least
down to the Province of Ratburi, according to Gairdner. From the
Raheng district of Central Siam, Lydekker has described a spotted
Tsaine under the name of Bos porter’ (P. Z. 8S. 1909. p. 669. ), which
is apparently only an individual variation of birmanicus.

ORDER SIRENTA.
300. HALICORE DUGONG (Erxl.).

Trichechus dugong, Erxleben. Syst. Reg. Anim. 1777. p 599.

The Dugong has been found on the shores of the Indian Ocean
from East Africa to Australia, and it has been mentioned from ‘‘ Siam”
by Flower.

ORDER CETACEA,
SUBORDER ODONTOCETI.
301. SOTALIA SINENSIS (Flower).
Delphinus sinensis, Flower. Trans Zool. Soe. VIL. 1870. p. 151,
(Amoy).

Kloss, when sailing from Klong Yai to Klong Menao in South.

eastern Siam, observed a number of white Cetaceans near the shore

which he believes belonged to this species.

502. ORCAELLA BREVIROSTRIS (Owen).
Phocaena brevirostris, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. VI. 1866 p. 24. pl. 4,
figs, 1-3. (India).
Specimens of the Larger Indian Porpoise have been recorded
from Patani by Bonhote and by Kloss from the Chantaboon coast,
where one specimen was obtained at Klong Yai on the 6th December

’ JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC. STAM,

THE MAMMALS AT PRESENT KNOWN TO INHABIT SIAM. 175

1914. Up to the present time our knowledge of the Cetaceans in-
habiting Siam is very imperfect, and some other species may proba-
bly be included in the Siamese fauna.
ORDER EDENTATA.
SUBORDER NOMARTHRA.
303. MANIS JAVANICA Desm.

Manis javanica, Desmarest, Mamm. 1822. p. 377. (Java).

The Malay Pangolin seems to be found in suitable localities
throughout Siam. Specimens have been recorded from Northern (Nan,
Doi Sutep), from Eastern ( Muang Pa Tong Tschai), from South-
western (Ratburi) and from Peninsular, Siam (Jalor and Nawngchik).
The Chinese form (Manis aurita Hodgson) may also be found in
Northern Siam, but no authentic specimens have yet been recorded.

ADDENDA:

Owing to the state of war in Europe the author has not been
able to look through the different periodicals published regularly dur-
ing the last few years, and he may therefore be unaware of some re-
cently described species of Mammals from Siam.

Since the above was written I have received information that a
species of Mongoose has been erected by Mr. Boden Kloss, viz. :

MUNGOS INCERTUS Kloss.

Mungos incertus, Kloss. Journ. F. M. S. Mus, VIT. 1917 p. 125.
(Ongut, Trang, Peninsnlar Siam).

Only known at present from the single type specimen.

Royal Natural History Museum,
Vetenskapsakademien, Sweden, Dee, 1918,

VODs Tle NOs stile LOD:

“phil here! a ieee -
ye) “ehete Bi A Pua’ Siok nlai, eel
Se aye or at ae es! ht he BRAN il" ie wel

a Nth ‘neath

ie 7 reg ve. a TEA ine Hit
- bY >I
2% ve eed! — ‘ i an 4 v iW at Wa é iv A ana th was
ir ie ee Lae
av ry che At Met as de ae Ji. 4
- sts i i : bd Pi.
re ‘.
i. * fi ; SUrued “oo te | -'- bye ws \ i ae
; \ ers en th ee aba Ua
ae ; h : SANs
* i ‘ ey By id ey
- , ty f H 4 bt “i La of
. ath Le ’ “ aa } yy ' i vies APs. JP, “7 tae 4
: BS : ‘ , i Tapas be fii Thugs
* i? 4’s i «
4 i or ‘ *} at r hake a
yi i ; radae Wie,
Pe, 4 s., eee BY Rh es fi
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~ :S ; ~~
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177

NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS
FORMED BY MR. E. G. HERBERT, C.M.Z-S-, M.B.O.U.

By HK. C. Stuarr Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., MB.0.U.

The following notes are the result of an examination of the col-
lection of beautiful skins brought home by Mr. E. G. Herbert from
Siam, and presented with great generosity to the British Museum of
Natural History. The Museum Authorities have kindly allowed me to
work out the collection, placing every facility and help at my disposal
for so doing, and I had hoped long before this to have completed my
pleasant task, and to have despatched the results to Siam. Work
under present circumstances has been, however, a very difficult matter,
and I have not been able to spend as much time as I could have wished
in pressing it forward. It is better, therefore, perhaps, to publish as
much as has been done, and the rest when possible. A considerable
number of new sub-species have been described, and it is desirable that
these should be made known in Siam as soon as possible ; also workers
in that country, who have not the mass of material for comparison such
as is available to workers in England, may find the following notes of
some help in diagnosing the geographical races of the birds they
obtain.

A preface in articles of this nature is generally more or less an
epitome of the completed results ; this, however, must wait until a later
date, when [| hope Mr. Herbert mvy also be able to add something des-
cribing the country worked over.

Siam is a country in which much ornithological work remains
to be done; many species and sub-spacies have recently been dis-
covered and described, and doubtless many more remain to be dis-
covered in the near and distant future. But there is also much we
still have to learn regarding the distribution and life-history, especially
nidification, of those birds we already know.

Mountains of great height, swamps and lakes of vast extent,
dense forests and wide grass-lands alike form part of Siam, and great
distances separate North from South, so that variety of species is very
great, and geographical races are exceptionally numerous. In the
North aud West we find that the majority of birds are more or less
typically Burman, or even Indo-Burman, to the East we get a typical
Chinese avifauna, whilst in the long strip of country running South,

VOL. HI, NO. III, 1919.

178 MR. E. C, STUART BAKER ON

parallel with ‘Tenasserim, to the Malay Peninsula, the birds are nearly
all Malayan. Thus, within Siam itself, it is quite possible to obtain
tivo, or even three, sub-species of the same species.

Much more material is still required before we can definitely
work out the geographical distribution of its avifauna, and it is to be
hoped that the excellent work done by Count Gyldenstolpe and Messrs.
Robinson and Kloss, Williamson, Herbert and Gairdner will be con-
tinued with the same success as hitherto.

Such deductions as it may be possible to make when the
examination of the collection is completed will be made in a post-
script then, instead of the preface now.

{In publishing the following notes written by Mr. E. C. Stuart
Baker, 1 wish to express my deepest gratitude to him for his kindness
in undertaking the task of working out the birds taken home by me,
and to compliment him on the very thorough way in which he has
carried it out. Few, I think, will realize the enormous amount of work
this has entailed, for the Siamese birds have been compared with the
very large collection of birds in the British Museum, often amounting
to many hundreds of the same species.

Mr. Stuart Baker has provided us in Siam with a great deal of
interesting and most valuable information, and in several instances he
has given us a direct incentive to further work, by pointing out that a
better series of Siamese skins is required to determine exactly to
which sub-species the birds belong. ‘The notes will also have a more
far-reaching effect, in that they will provide a useful work of reference
for those who study the birds of India, as well as other countries farther
Kast.

Some of the birds appearing in the following notes have
already been described by Mr. Stuart Baker as new sub-species in the
B. O. C. Bulletins, and in notes in the “Ibis”, and unfortunately the
names of the lvcalities from which they were obtained were not cor-
rectly epelt on the labels, which has led to some confusion. Puk Jong
on the Korat railway line is in Kastern Siam, and there can be little
doubt that, through incorrect spelling, this has been taken to be Pal
Chan in Renong, which is in Peninsular Siam, The zoogeographical
divisions, as generally used in this Journal, ave now given after the
name of each locality.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SUC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 179

It is a matter of much regret that | am unable to add any field
notes, as I was not able to accompany my collector on his various ex-
peditions, and my personal experience is almost entirely confined to the

Bangkok area.

The following localities are referred to :-—

In CENTRAL SIAM :-—

SaMKOK, on the Chao Phya river, about 40 miles N. of
Bangkok.

KRaBIN, on the Bangpakong river, about 80 miles E.N.E. of
Bangkok.

Hua Takuak, on the Petriu railway line.

PETRIU, on the Bangpakong river, and due E. of Bangkok.

PakNAM, at the mouth of the Chao Phya river.

MEKLONG, at the mouth of the Meklong river and about 60
miles W. of Bangkok.

TACHIN, on the river of that name situated about midway be-
tween the Meklong and Chao Phya rivers.

In EASTERN SIAM :—
Hinnap, Muak Lek, Pak Jona, Cuan TEUR, railway stations on
the line to Korat as it crosses the Dong Rek range.

In SoutuH EASTERN S1AM:—

Hur Bon, about 12 miles E. of Sriracha.
SriRacua, on the eastern side of the Gulf about 40 miles from
the mouth of the Chao Phya river.

In PENINSULAR SIAM:—

Tune Sona, or Tune Sawna, in Nakon Sritamarat.

KiLonG Wana Hir, a stream at the foot of the hills about 8
miles N.E. of Tung Song; the lower slopes of the hill were worked
from a camp on this site.

Kxao Wane Hip, a hill about 2,500 feet high ; the summit and
higher portions of the hill were worked from a half way camp.

Maprit, a station on the Southern railway, W. of Patiyu.

KtonG Bana Lat, a camp on the banks of a stream of that name,
about 10 miles N. W. of Maprit, and close to the hills.

VOL, Ill, NO. IIL, 1919,

180 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

Kon Lak, in the province of Pran, and recently renamed PRa-
CHUAP KIRLKAN.
May 1919. KE, G. HERBERT, C.M.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ]

1. UROCISSA ERYTHRORHYNCHUS MAGNIROSTRIS,

Psilorhinus magnirostris, Blyth. J. A. 8, B., xv. p. 27 (1846).

2 5 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 10. 8. 15.

Both the specimens obtained are young birds in heavy moult,
but must, of conrse, belong to this sub-species. Its white-marked
head at once separates it from U. e. erythrorhynchus. In fully adult
birds the size of the bill is alone sufficient to distinguish it from U. «.
oceiitalis ; in the latter form the culmen from the gape averages about
32 mm., and in the former about 38 mm.

2. CISSA CHINENSIS.

Coracias chinensis, Bodd. abl. Pl. Exl. p. 38 (1783).

2 Klong Song, near Petriu, C. Siam, 28. 2. 16.

Q juv. Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 17. 7. 15.

The young bird has the whole of the under-parts a_ brilliant
lemon-yellow, a not unusual feature in fresh skins of young birds, but
unfortunately the yellow invariably iades away as the skin dries and
ages, unless it is entirely excluded from all light.

Gireen Magpies are birds which it is impossible to divide into
geographical races, if only the depth and variation of colouring of the
reds, blues and greens are used as a means of differentiation, as these
colours change with extraordinary rapidity after the bird is killed.
Even in life, captive birds differ from wild ones, and healthy ones from
those in poor health and condition.

Fortunately, with most species of Green Magpies, there is a differ-
ence in the size and distribution of the markings which renders discrimi-
nation fairly easy. This, however, is not so in the case of C. c. minor,
the form hitherto accepted as inhabiting Siam and Malaya, as the
differences sometimes alleged to exist in colouration between this and
O. c. chinensis ave not maintainable, whilst I cannot find that the sup-
posed differences in size are any more reliable. ‘Theoretically C. ¢.
chinensis is supposed to have a wing from 140-150 mm., whereas C. c.
minor has it under 135 mm. Of the present two specimens the adult

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 181

has a wing of 144 mm., and the young bird one of 138 mm, A care-
fal examination of a larger series of this Cissw shews that many speci-
meng of C. ehinensis have wings under 135 mm., whilst, on the other
hand, many specimens of the so-called minoy have wings well over
140 mm.

I consider C. c. minor should be suppressed.

3. DENDROCITTA SINENSIS ASSIMILIS.

Dendrocitta assimilis, Hume, Str. Feath., v.. p. 117 (1877).

¢ Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 11. 8. 15,

6 Krabin, C. Siam, 8. 11. Lo.

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 9. 11. 15.

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 12. .11. 15.

Mr. Herbert’s specimens are all of this race of Tree-Pie.

Hume gives three features by which assimilis can be distin-
guished from its nearest ally himalayensis ; (1) paler brown ear-
coverts, contrasting with black ring round eye ; (2) brown of sides of
neck and back concolorous with ear-coverts ; (3) comparatively pale
throat. There is an enormous series of PD. sinensis in the British
Museum, and using the above features, I find that it ia¢ quite impos-
sible to divide assimilis from himalayensis, though the throat of the
latter is generally decidedly darker than in the former. Assimlis, how-
ever, can be distinguished at a glance by the much paler upper plu-
mage, and this is quite sufficient to retain it as a good sub-species.

The Chinese bird, D. s. sinensis, differs from the himalayensis
group in its wholly dark tail.

4. CRYPSIRHINA VARIANS.

Corvus varians, Lath, Ind. Orn, Sup., p. xxvi (1801).

2 3.1 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 21. 8. 1915.

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 4. 7. 1915.

2 5 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 1. 10. 15.

3 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 5. 10. 15.

S$ Krabin, C. Siam, 9. 11. 15.

A fine series of these beautiful little Magpies, which Mr. Herbert
records as common in many parts of Siam, breeding in practically
every place where it occurs, making a rather shallow cup-shaped nest
with thorny twigs on the outside and lined with the tendrils cf a vine,

VOL. III. NO, IIT, 1919,

182 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

often in thorn bushes, and laying four eggs quite corvine in their
general appearance.

5. PLATYSMURUS LEUCOPTERUS (Temm.).
Glaucopis leucopterus, Temm, pl. Col. No, 265 (1824),
¢ 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 31. 1. 1916.
2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 6. 10. 15.
All three of the specimens obtained by Mr. Herbert are very
large birds with wings over 203 mm.

6. MELANOCHLORA SULTANEA FLAVOCRISTATA.

Parus sultancus, Hodg, Ind, Rev, 1836, p, 31.

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 2. 1. 16.

2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 4. 10.15.

¢ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 29. 11. 15.

All three of these specimens belong to this sub-species, having
their wings, the male 108 mm. and the females 95 and 102 mm., respect”
ively. M. s. sultanea has a wing between 110 and 115 mm. Flavo-
cristata forms a very poor sub-species.

7. GARRULAX LEUCOLOPHUS DIARDI,

Turdus diardi, Less. Tr. VOrn. p, 408 (1831).

1 unsexed, Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 19. 7. 15.

$ Hup Bon, 8. Ei. Siam, 24. 7. 15.

2312 Krabin, C. Siam, 6. 11. 15.

It should be noted that birds from the Shan States and Annam
are far nearer to G. |. belangeri than to the conspicuously white-bellied
birds from Siam, and the specimens from the former countries in the
British Musium labelled diardi should all rather be referred to belan-
yeri. Roughly the distribution of the three races appears.to be as
follows :—

Garrulaw 1. lencolophus. India, Assam, Manipur, Arrakan and
North Chin Hills.

Gl. belongeri. Yunnan, N. and 8. Shan States, Annam, Lower
Chin Hills, Pegu and Tenasserim.

G.l. diardi. Extreme South Yunnan, Siam, Cambodia and
Cochin China, rarely extending into Kastern Tenasserim, and then in
a somewhat intermediate form approaching belangeri.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM, 183

8. GARRULAX MONILIGER MOUHOTI.

Garrulas mouhoti, Sharpe, Cat, B., B. M, vii. p, 443 (1883),

Garrulax moniliger leucotis, Baker, Bull, BLO.C. 1917, No. eexxvii. p. 8.

1 not sexed, Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 18. 7.15.

$ Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 13. 8. 15.

3 9 Krabin, ©. Siam, 9. 11. 15.

¢ 2 Krabin, ©. Siam, 11. 21 1S.

Kloss has recently (‘“ Ibis” 1918, p. 252) rightly placed, in
this subspecies, two specimens obtained by: him at Lat Bua Kao.
When first examining the specimens of Garrulaa moniliger in this
collection, the three Cambodian specimens named mouhoti by Sharpe
could not be found, and as Mr. Herbert’s birds did not agree with
Sharpe’s description, yet were quite different to Indian birds, I unfor-
tunately named them leucotis, which now becomes a synonym of
mouhoti.

There are still, however, three. races of moniliger, as the
Indian and Northern Burmese bird is quite distinct from the South
Burman and Malayan bird, whilst this again is absolutely different
from that of Siam and the countries further Hast. As these other
races may possibly be also found in Siam, the one in North-West
and the other in South-West Siam, I briefly describe them here.

Garrulax moniliger moniliger, which is tound in India and
Northern Burma, has white tips to the tail feithers and black ear-
coverts with a small white central patch.

(i. m. fuscata ( Baker, Bull. B.O.C. 1918, No. cexxxiii, p. 64. )
has dusky rufous tips to the tail feathers, and the ear-coverts almost
wholly white with black tips. This and the last two sub-species are
both rather pale coloured birds, fuscata being a trifle darker and redder
than moniliger, though the difference is but slight.

This form is found in Southern Burma and Malaya.

G. m. mouhoti is distinguishable at a glance from both the two
last by its much darker, richer plumage, both above and below. The
ear-coverts are as in fuscata, but the tails are even more broadly and
darkly tipped than in that bird.

In nidification all three races resemble one another, making
the same bulky cup of grass, leaves, bents and other odds and ends,
lined with fine roots. In the Northern forms the full complement of

VOL. 111. NO. TET, 1919.

184 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

eggs is three or four and rarely even five; in the Southern form it
appears to be generally two, sometimes three
9, EUPETES MACROCERCUS GRISEIVENTRIS,

Baker, Bull, B.O.C, No. cexxvii, p. 8 (1917).

$ Tung Song, P. Siam, 17.9. 15. Type.

? Tung Song, P. Siam, 16. 9.15. Type.

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 24. 9. 15.

These three specimens. which are all adult birds in perfect con-
dition, differ from any of the very large series in the British Museum
in having a mach greater extent of the abdomen grey, of a pure slaty-
blue tone. There is one bird in the Tring Museum which has more
grey on the abdomen than any of the British Museum birds, but even
this has not nearly so much as the Siam specimens.

Peninsular Siam is somewhat of an extension of the range of
this remarkable genus, which until recently had not been found further
North than Province Wellesley in the Malay Peninsula.

10. POMATORHINUS OLIVACEUS SIAMENSIS.

Baker, Bull. B O. C., No, cexxvii. p. 9 (1917).

3 2 Maprit, P. Siam, 27. 12. 15. Types.

2 Maprit, P. Siam, 8. 1. 16.

3 ¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 18. 1. 16.

This sub-species is very much darker than either P. 0. olivaceus
or P. 0. rippont, and has also a still darker tail in comparison with the
rest of the upper plumage. The differences are only a question of
degree of darkness, and can hardly be appreciated unless in actual
comparison between shins.

From Hartert’s fastidiosus it differs in having richer, and more
extensive red on the flanks, and in being somewhat redder above.

11. POMATORHINUS NUCHALIS KLOSSI.

Baker, Bull, B. O. C, No, cexxvii. p. 9 (1917).

? Samkok, C. Siam, 16. 6. 15.

Differs from P. nuchalis nuchalis in being very much dark er,
and in having the rufous of the flanks and sides of the neck a deeper
richer chestnut. The upper aud lower aspects of the tail are almost
black, and much darker in contrast to the back than it is in P. a.

nuchalis. Again, in this latter bird, the colour of the head is quite

JOURN. NAT. HIst. SOC SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 185

different to, and much darker and greyer than, the back, whereas in
P. n. klossi these parts are practically concolorous.

I should not have named this bird from the single specimen
obtained by Mr. Herbert, but I find that two birds collected by Mr.
C. Boden Kloss at Klong Menao, S. E. Siam, fully bear ont the above
diagnosis.

Dimensions as in P. nx. nuchalis.

12. PELLORNEUM RUFICEPS SUBOCHRACEUM.

Pellorneum subochraceum, Swinhoe, A M,N. H. (4) vii. p. 257 (1871).

2 Hup Bon, 8. EH. Siam, 23. 7. 15.

3 ¢ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 3-10. 10. 15.

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 14. 11, 15.

2d Pak Jong, E. Siam, 29. 11. & 1. 12. 15.

3 Maprit, P. Siam, 10. 1. 16.

¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 29. 1. 16.

This fine series of Tit-Babbler from so many localities is very
consistent throughout, and quite typical of the sub-species in all its
characters.

13. DRYMOCATAPHUS NIGRICAPITATUS,

Brachypteryx nigricapitata, Eyton, P.Z.S, 1839, p, 103,

3 Tung Song, P. Siam, 21. 9. 15.

This single specimen calls for no special remark.

14. CORYTHOCICHLA BREVICAUDATA LEUCOSTICTA.

Corythocichla leucosticta, Robinson, Journ, Fed. Mal. States Mus, p.104

(1914).
Corythocichla brevicaudata herberti, Baker, Bull, B,O.C, No, cexxvil,
p- 10 (1917).

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 16 Y. 16.

1 unfortunately overlooked leucosticta when comparing this
specimen, and described it as a new sub-species, but, as Kloss has
pointed out (“ Ibis,” October 1918), it is undoubtedly nothing more
than leucosticta. Whether Jeucosticta is a sub-species or species is at
present doubtful, but it is extremely likely that it will be found breed-
ing in the same area as C. b. venningi, and if so, it will have to be raised
to the status of a species.

The position of the two genera Corythocichla and Turdinulus—

VOIz JIT NO; TET, -Lor9:

186 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

if these are not combined under the former name—is very un-
certain,

They do not appear to be Timeliine in many ways, and in nidifi-
cation are very Wren-like as, indeed, they are in habits, and they
should perhaps be removed to the Wrens, though even of that group
they would be but aberrant members. They, and the genus IRimator,

would seem to approach Urocichla closely in some respects.

15. SETARIA RUFIFRONS.

Malacopteron rufifrons, Cat. Mus. Hein. Th, i. p. 65 (1850). '

¢ 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 23. 7. 15.

sf ie i 28. 11. 15.

Kloss in the ** Ibis” (1918, p. 203), comments at some length on
the name this bird should bear, and on the strength of Finsch’s des-
cription and measurements (Notes Leyden Mus. xxii. p. 220) considers
that the name rujifrons must be discarded for Gray’s lepidocephala.
Kloss, however, prefaces his remarks with the statement that he has
not seen Cabanis’ original description, and he has undoubtedly been
misled by Finsch’s, which is not correct.

Cabanis describes his bird as follows :—

‘Upper side olive-brown, under side whitish, the scale-like
teathers of the forehead and anterior crown light reddish with
paler shaft-stripes and black tips. Length 6} in., bill # in., wing
3 in., tail 24 in.”

From this we see that the throat is white and the nape not

black, whilst the wing is only 76.2 and not 80 mm., as given by
Finsch, and so the description is an excellent one, and the name must

be retained.
16. MALACOCINCLA ABBOTTI,

Malacocincla abbott’, Blyth, J.A.S.B, xiv. p. 601 (1845).
¢ Samkok, 19. 7. 15.

2 Hup Bon, 8.K. Siam, 23 7. 18.

3 Muak Lek, E. Siam, 23. 8. 15.

o 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 12-14. 9. 15.

§ 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam 4-7. 10. 1.

¢ Pak Jong, BE. Siam, 29. 11. 15.

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

‘A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 187

2 Maprit, P. Siam, 30. 12. 15.

$ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 22. 1. 16.

After a very careful examination of a great mass of material, it
does not seem possible to distinguish between typical M. abbotti and
Strickland’s M. olivaceum. Some birds from as far N.E. as Mymensingh
agree perfectly in all respects with others from the south of the Malay
Peninsula. Kloss gives the Southern limit of true abbotti as Penang,
but he too seems to consider that the difference between the two forms
is of the slightest.

17. TURDINUS MACRODACTYLUS MACRODACTYLUS.

Malacopteron macrodactylus, Strick. A. M. N. H, xiii. p. 417 (1844).

2 ¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 18-19. 9. 15.

Both of these specimens are distinctly browner, less rufous in
tint than are the great majority of birds froni the Soathern Malay
States, and agree exactly with those obtained by Davison at Klang.
They may possibly constitute a new sub-species, but as there are one
or two specimens in the British Museum collection which come from
Malacca and cannot be separated in appearance from Herbert’s and
Davison’s birds, I do not give them a name.

18. THRINGORHINA GUTTATA.

Turdinus guttatus (Tick), Blyth, J.A.S.B. xxvii. p. 414 (1859).

d 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 22. 9. 15.

3 Maprit, P. Siam, 28. 12. 15.

3 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 18. 1. 16.

The eggs of this bird have not been taken, but they will as-
suredly prove to be white like those of its nearest ally, the Assam bird
Y. oglii. This genus is very closely allied to Stachyris, and its nidi-
fication, as far as is known, confirms this opinion. It will be interest-
ing to find whether the nest and eggs of quttata yet further corro-
borate it.

19. ANUROPSIS MALACCENSIS.

Brachypteryx malaccensis, Hart], Rev, Zool. 1844, p. 402.
? Tung Song, P. Siam, 18.10. 15.
2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 2. 10. 15.

VOL. ITI, NO. Il1, 1919.

/

‘188 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

20. ALCIPPE PHAEOCEPHALA MAGNIROSTRIS.

Alcippe magnirostris, Walden, Blyth’s B. of Burma, p. 115 ( 1878 ).

Alcippe davisoni, Harington, Journ, B. N. H.S. xxiii. p. 453 (1915).

4 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 20-26. 9. 15.

$ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 14. 1. 16.

Mr. Herbert’s specimens together with a good series in the
sritish -Museum suffice to shew that Harington’s davisoni cannot be
sustained. The extent of the markings on the head and hind neck
appears to vary individually, and not according to any geographical
distribution. Even in Mr. Herbert’s small series the variation is very
noticeable, and there is no doubt Harington’s davisoni must be suppres-
sed and become a synonym of magnirostris.

21. STACHYRIS POLIOCEPHALUS.
Timalia poliocephala, Yemm. Pl Col. pl, 593 fig. 2 (1336).
2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 17. 9. 15.

22. STACHYRIS NIGRICEPS DAVISONI.

Stachyris davisoni, Sharpe, Bull, B. O, C. 1. p. 7 (1892).

3 Tung Song, P. Siam, Sept. 15.

This specimen agrees perfectly with others trom the Malay
Peninsula. S. x davisoni is probably found throughout the greater part
of Siam, as a second specimen from another district of Siam in the
Tring Museam has, I think, correctly been referred to it by the late
Col. Harington.

23. STACHYRIDOPSIS RUFIFRONS OBSCURA.

Baker, Bull, B. O. C. No, cexxvii. p. 10. (1917).

24512 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 20. 1. 16.

This quite distinct new form is nearest to S. r. poliogaster, but
is paler above and the red on the crown is less deep. The lores and
cheeks are fulvous instead of grey; the fulvous on the breast brighter,
paler and much more pronounced. The abdomen and flanks are grey
as in that sub-species.

The British Museum possesses a good series of poliogaster, so
that fortunately comparison is easy.

[t is rather curious that one should find in Siam a form separated
from its nearest ally by a wide stretch of country occupied by less

closely connected races.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 189

24. MIXORNIS SUMATRANA RUBRICAPILLUS.

Mixornis sumatranus, Bp, Conop. Ay, i, 850. p» 217,

Stachyridopsis sulphurea, Rippon, Babe O: Cy xi. ps ET.

2 2 Chan Teuk, EB. Siam, 12. 8. 15. ©

3 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 20. 8. 15.

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 26. 9. 15.

2 6 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 4-9. 10. lo.

3 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 7. 11. 15.

2 Maprit, P. Siam, 2. 1. 16.

3 3 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 22-28, 1. 16.

8 Krabin, C. Siam, 28. 1. 10,

Kloss in the “ Ibis” 1918 p. 204 describes certain birds under
the name Mizornis rubricapille. sulphurea. When Col. Harington was
writing his notes on the Indian Timeliidae we together examined the
type of that bird in comparison with the huge series of this species in
the British Museum, and satisfied ourselves that Rippon’s S. sulphurea
could not possibly be separated from Miwxornis rubricapilla. These
little birds differ inter se to a very great extent, and we found it most
difficult to divide them into races. Rippon’s type is a bird which
might well have been killed in Bengal, and agrees perfectly with speci-
mens from that Province and from Assam. Specimens from the extreme
West are noticeable for the small amount or red on the heads, and
might possibly form a new sub-species, but as we found similar instan-
ces amongst birds from Burma, Shan States and Siam, Harington
wisely refrained from making another.

Kloss rightly points out that swmatrana is the oldest name for
any form of this species, and it should therefore be adopted as the spe-
cific name, other names ranking as sub-specific only.

Kloss’ Mixornis swmatrana connectens is possibly sustainable as
a race ; from Burma to Sumatra the breast stripes appear to become
steadily heavier and blacker, and the head and back more rufescent.
Into how many races the species should be diviced is doubtful, and
should depend on what areas are really inhabited by a distinct and
constant form.

25. CYANODERMA ERYTHROPTERUM SORDIDA.,

Baker, Bull, B. O. C. cexxvii. p. 10 (1917).
23 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 4. 10. 15,

VOL. Ill, NO, Til, 1919.

190 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

? Maprit, P. Siam, 22. 12. 15.

Messrs. Robinson and Kloss (‘ Ibis” 1918, p. 10) doubt the vali-
dity of this sub-species, but it is quite easily distinguished. The whole
plumage above and below is considerably darker than in C. e. erythrop-
ferum. The red is deeper and less bright, the breast a darker, almost
blackish grey, and the belly less albescent. The two birds are similar
in size

26. 'TURDINULUS EPILEPIDOTUS GRANTI.

Tardinulus granti, Richmond, Proc. U, 8S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p, 320.

3 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 19, 9. 15.

The pair of birds obtained by Mr. Herbert fully confirms
Richmond’s diagnosis of the differences between this race and its
nearest allies.

27. ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA AUREIVENTER.

Zosterops aureiventer, Hume Str, Feath. vi. p. 519 (i878).

3 Meklong, C. Siam, 26. 6. 15.

This bird agrees well with typical aureiventer in its bright pale
yellow-green upper plumage, purer pale under plumage, and _ brilliant
yellow lores and forehead. The three races palpebrosa, simpler and
aureiventer all run into each other in the most perplexing manner, and
over a much larger area than is usual with birds intermediate between
geographical races, and consequently they are often very. difficult to
determine. This particular individual has its head brighter and paler
than the uppev back, a characteristic also found in Hainan birds; it
also has the yellow stripe down the abdomen fairly well developed.

28. HERPORNIS XANTHOLEUCA.

Krpornis wantholeuca, Hodgs, J, A. S. B, xiii, p. 380 (1844),

2 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 20. 7. 15.

246 1 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 25-27 9. 15.

I can detect no differences between specimens from Siam, and
those described by Hodgson from Nepal. The White-bellied Herpornis
does not seem to be darker in Siam than in India and Burma, a dis-
tinctive character which is so often found in Siamese birds.

29. AETHORHYNCHUS LAFRAYESNII,
Jora lafrayesnii, Hart], Rey. Zoo), 1844 p, 40!.
¢ Chan Teuk, EB. Siam, 10. 8. 15.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 1st

2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 21. 8. 15.

o d Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 4-28. 10. 15.

3 Maprit, P. Siam, 1. 1. 16.

3 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 25. 1. 16.

2 ¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 26. 1. 16.

These birds appear to be quite typical lafrayesnit, and I find
that Sharpe’s wanthotis cannot possibly be retained. Neither does his
key appear to be correct. Xanthotis is said to be a smaller bird, yet in
his series of lafrayesnii in the British Museum there are specimens both
larger and smaller than his type of wanthotis, and the same is the case
in Mr. Herbert’s series. The green is no more a yellowish green in
ganthotis, than it often is in lafrayesnit. The wing margins do appear
to be somewhat conspicuous, but even in this feature they are equalled
by specimens from Malaya and elsewhere. The ear-coverts vary very
greatly in different individuals, and this character is of no value either
specifically or sub-specifically.

30. AEGITHINA TIPHIA TIPHIA.

Motacilla tiphia, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 331 (1766).

2 Samkok, C. Siam, 21. 6. 15.

2 Meklong, C. Siam, 26. 6. 15.

2 Sansep, Bangkok, 4. 7. 15.

o Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 30. 10. 15.

? Bangkok, 17. 12. 15.

3 Maprit, P. Siam, 2. 1. 16.

3 Bangkok, 8. 3. 16.

The bird obtained at Bangkok in March is in breeding or semi-
breeding plumage, with brilliant yellow throat and breast, and a good
deal of black on the back, especially on the nape and hind neck. The
forecrown is green. A further series of males in full breeding plumage
would be interesting, and as the bird is very common in Siam, should
be easy to get. Mr. Herbert took several nests in Bangkok in March,
and has very kindly given me eggs. These are strikingly different to
any [ have seen taken in India or Burma. The ground colour is pure
white, quite untinged with grey, pink or yellowish, as seems to be in-
variably the case in eggs taken in those countries, and the markings

VOL. IH, NO. TIT, 1919.

192 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

consist of small-spots and blotches, which, though slightly inclined to be
longitudinal in character, in no case resemble the long straggling
blotches always found in eggs taken outside Siam. - The superior spots
are brick-red in colour, the secondary ones are lavender and pinkish
neutral tint, They average in size 17, 0 x 13. 0 mm., almost exactly,
and are therefore also decidedly smaller than those of our Indian birds.

f Note. The above description of the eggs represents a very
general type, but the straggling blotches or writing marks, as if made
with a very broad pen, are quite common, and I have one example of
the two types found in the same nest. E. G. HERBERT. |

31. AEGITHINA VIRIDISSIMA,

loru viridissima, Bonap. Consp, Av. i. p, 397 (1850).
2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 19.1. 16.
This also is a bird of which a big series would be interesting to

examine,

32. CHLOROPSIS MALABARICA INORNATA.

Chloropsis aurifrons ‘nornatus, Wloss, tbis, 1918 p. 198,

3 2 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 9. 7. 15.

S Muak Lek, E. Siam, 25. 7. Lo.

$ 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 30. 10. and 2. IL. 15.

The males are noticeable in that they have either no yellow,
or very little, on the sides of the neck and on the breast below the
black. They bear out, therefore, Kloss’ description in this respeet of
his new sub-species, though I had refrained from describing the form

as new on these grounds, until it was certain that the alleged dif-
ferences were constant.

38. CHLOROPSIS CHLOROCEPHALA CHLOROCEPHALA.
Phyllornis chlorocephalus, Walden, A. M. N. H, (4) vii. p. 241
(1871).
4 3d Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 17-27. 7. 15.
24 3 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 13-23. 9. 15.
¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 4. 1. 16.
Mr, Herbert’s specimens form a fine series of this beautiful
Chloropsis in many stages of plumage.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 193

34. CHLOROPSIS ZOSTEROPS.

Chloropsis zosterops, Vigors, App. Nen, Life. Raff. p. 674 (1830).
Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 8. 10. 15.

35. IRENA PUELLA PUELLA.

Coracias puella, Lath, Ind, Orn. i. p. 17! (1790) (Hab. in India).

2 ¢ 3 2 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 16-21. 7. 15.

29 ¢ 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 13-24. 9. 15.

@ Krabin, C. Siam, 17. 11. 15.

3 3 2 Hinlap, E. Siam, 6-9. 12. 1o.

é 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 16-17. 1. 16.

These specimens are all typical puella. In most cases the tail-
eoverts, both upper and lower, are quite short, and in none do they
reach to within one inch of the tip of the rectrices.

As regards measurements, cyanea cannot be distinguished from
puella, though the latter is-generally a good deal bigger than the
former. On the other hand the British Museum collection contains
two birds which are smaller than any specimen of cyanea, The wings
of puella ran from 110 up to 133 mm. and those of cywnea from’ 111
to 123 mm. only.

36. CRINIGER PALLIDA PALLIDA.

Criniger pallidus, Swinh, Ibis, 1870, p. 352.

2 ¢ 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 16-24. 9. 15.

3 Maprit, P. Siam, 28. 12. 15.

2 ¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 14-23, 1. 16.

At the first glance the series obtained by Mr. Herbert in Siam
appeared to be darker, less yellow and more reddish ochraceus than the
series in the British Museum from Hainan, bat though there may
possibly be a very slight difference between the two series, on an
average there are so many individuals in each which agree exactly with
one another that an additional sub-species seems to be neither justified
nor necessary.

The wings of Mr. Herbert’s 7 specimens vary in length from

VOL. III, NO. II, 1919.

194 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

102 to 109 mm., all but one being under 105 mm. The Hainan
specimens in the British Museum vary from 98 to 105 mm.

The form found in Yunnan, which I have recently named
grandis (Bull. B. O. C. cexxvii. p. 10, 1917), is a much bigger bird,
the length of wing ranging from 114 to 119 mm,

37. TRICHOLESTES CRINIGER.

Brachypodius (?) criniger, A. Hay, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 577
(1845).

$ Tung Song, P. Siam, 24. 9. 15.

A quite typical specimen.

38. HEMIXUS CINEREUS.

lole cinerea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 573 (1845).
2¢ 3 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 22-26. 10, 15.
_ These specimens seems to be, on the whole, a purer grey than
birds from the south of the Malay Peninsula, but they can be matched
here and there by a few individuals, so for the present | refrain from

naming them.

39. OTOCOMPSA EMERIA EMERIA.

Lanius emeria, Linn. 8S. N. 1, p. 187 (1766).

3¢65 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 30. 9 to 7. 10. 15.

2? Krabin, C. Siam, 5. 11. 15.

$ Maprit, P. Siam, 9. 1. 16.

2¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 20. 1. 16.

As a series, these birds are typical emeria and are not so dark
and richly coloured as birds from Assam and the North-West hills of

Burma.
40. OTOCOMPSA FLAVIVENTRIS JOHNSONI.

Rubigula johnsoni, Gyldenstolpe. Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad Hand-L. t
No. 8 p. 25, PI. i. fig. 8 (1915).

Otocompsa flaviventris minor, Kloss, [bis 1918, p. 200,
2 3 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 15-27. 7. 15

2 3 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 16-19. 8. 15.

o 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 2-7. 10. 15.

2¢ 22 Krabin, C. Siam, 3-14. 11. 15.

2? Pak Jong, E. Siam, 1. 12. 15.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 195

3322 Hinlap, E, Siam, 8-9. 12. 15.

S 2 Klong Bang Lai, 16-20. 1. 16.

This magnificent series of no less than 18 specimens of Gylden-
stolpe’s Bulbul is most interesting, as it shews (Kloss points this out
also, “ Ibis” 1918, p. 201) that this bird is nothing but a sub-species of
the Indian Black-headed Yellow Bulbul, Otocompsa flaviventris. Of the
above specimens the majority have not attained the wonderful crimson-
scarlet throats possessed by the fully adult bird in complete plumage,
the throats being all black as in typical flaviventris. Indeed, so exact
is the resemblance between O. f. johnsoni and small O. f. flaviventris
that I found four Siam specimens of the former, in a box of the latter
in the British Museum collection.

The red throats are not sexual, for males and females alike
possess them. It is almost certainly a sign of age however, for all the
specimens which have no red on the throat have the black feathers of
this part rather sparse and ragged, and possibly the complete red
throat is not fully developed until the bird is two years old. In one
instance of four birds shot all together at Hinlap on the 8th December,
two have red throats and two have black, shewing no trace of red,
Another .specimen has the throat entirely black except for one red
feather.

A few specimens in Mr. Herbert’s series have the yellow of the
underparts tinged with bronze, but a similar character occurs in
flaviventris here and there over the whole of its range, and is conspicu-
ous in specimens in the Museum from Simla and Assam. On the
whole the upperparts of O. f. johnsoni are a darker, deeper olive-yellow
than in O. f. flaviventris, but the difference is not sufficient to rely on.

Kloss ( loc. cit.) has named a Yellow Bulbul from Koh Lak,
S. W. Siam, 0. f. minor on account of its smaller size. Mr. Herbert's
series shews, however, that Gyldenstolpe’s Bulbul is quite common in
S. W. Siam, and we cannot, of course, have two sub-species of a resi-
dent bird in the same area. Kloss bird can therefore, only be a young
johnsont, an opinion in which he would doubtless have concurred had he
had Mr. Herbert’s birds before him for examination.

41, TRACHYCOMUS OCHROCEPHALUS,
Turdus ochrocephalus, Gm. Sys, Nat. i, p. 821 (1788).
2 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29. 9. and 4. 10. 15.

VOL. IIL, NO. III, 1919.

196 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

This appears to be almost the Northern limit of this Bulbul’s
habitat.

42. RUBIGULA WEBBERI,

Txidia webberi, Hume Str, Feath. 1879 pp. 40, 63,

3 ¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 18-28. 9. Io.

The three specimens of this beautiful little Bulbul call for no
remark,

43. JIoOLE MALACCENSIS,

Hypsipetes malaccensis, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 574 (1845),
2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 13. 10. 15.

44. JOLE VIRESCENS LONNBERGI.

Criniger lonnbergi, Gylden, Kungl. Sv, Vet. Akad. Hand-L. 56. No, 2
p. 68,

$ Muak Lek, E. Siam, 23. 8. 15.

$ Pak Jong, EK. Siam, 14. 12. 15.

¢ Hinlap, E. Siam, 10. 12. 15.

¢ 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 25-28. 1. 16.

Mr. Herbert’s series of this Bulbul fully bears out Gylden-
stolpe’s description of his new race. The wings measure from 83 to 89
mm., whereas the largest bird to be found in a very long series of
Tole virescens virescens or amongst my new Tole v. einnamomeoventris is
one of 82 mm., whilst in all the others it is below 80 mm. C. lonnbergi
differs also from the former in having the under tail-coverts cinnamon
instead of yellow, and from the latter in being more yellow below and

more green above.

45, PYCNONOTUS FINLAYSONI FINLAYSONI,

Pycnonotus finluysont, Strick, A. M. N, LH. (1) xiii. p. 411 (1844),
2 ¢ Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 24. 7. and .1. 9. 15.

¢ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 19. 8. 15.

2 ¢ Muak Lek, KE. Siam, 23-25. 8. 15.

3% Klong Wang Hip, P, Siam, 30. 9. and 4. 10. 15.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 197

$ Krabin, C. Siam, 6. 11. 15.
¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 4. 1. 16.
» ¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 28. 1. 16.

46. PYCNONOTUS BLANFORDI.

Pycnonotus blanford, Jerdon, [bis 1862 p. 20.

& Sansep, Bangkok, 3. 7. 15.

% @ Krabin, C. Siam, 8-14. 11. 15.

9 ¢ 3 2 Bangkok, 6-11. 3. 16.

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 17. 3. 16.

I find it impossible to discriminate between P. b. blanfordi and
P. lb. vobinsoni. There is an immense series of this species in the
British Museum collection containing the two alleged races, and a most
careful examination of this material does not confirm the supposed
differences when they are sorted out into geographical areas.

47. MiIcROPUS MELANOCEPHALUS MELANOCEPHALUS.

Lanius melanocephalus, Gm. 8. N. i, p. 309 (1788).

¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 9. 3. 10. :

3 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 27. 7. 1o.

3 5 o Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29. 9. to 8. 10. 15.
6 22 Krabin, C. Siam, 5-14. 11. 15.

3 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 26-31. 1. 16.

Mr. Herbert’s series of this Bulbul is quite typical, individuals
varying in the same way and to the same degree as they do elsewhere.
It is noticeable, however, that there are no specimens of M. (m) cin-
ereiventris in Mr. Herbert’s collection. As a general rule where one is
found the other is always also to be met with, almost invariably the
two together in company, and [ believe the latter to be merely an

Lo

aberrant form of the former.

48, SITTA FRONTALIS FRONTALIS.
Sitta frontalis, Horsf. Trans. L, S. xiii. p. 162 (1821).
Sitta frontalis saturatior, Hartert.
3 ¢ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 23. 9. to 2. 10. 15.
I cannot divide Hartert’s saturatior from typical frontalis. The
variation amongst individuals from the same locality, and even from

VOL. III, NO. IIT} 191%

198 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

the same flock, is so great, that extremes of variation can be obtained
from the same area if a sufficiently large series is available for
examination. In the present instance, of the three birds collected by
Mr. Herbert, two are quite typical frontalis, whereas the third specimen
is an equally typical saturatior. The series under the name of
saturatior in the British Museum consists, with one exception, of very
poor, dingy skins ; the one clean exception, however, is no darker than
are other skins of frontalis from Assim, Sikkim and Ceylon. Certainly
the white on the throat of these three Siam birds is very restricted,
but not more so than in some specimens from the countries already
named, and this characteristic seems of little, if any, more value than

the others.

49. DICRURUS ANNECTENS SIAMENSIS.

Dicrurus annectens siamensis, Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p, 226,

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 23. 10. 15.

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 2. 11. 15.

Kloss has recently (loc. cit.) described the form of Crow-
billed Drongo found in Siam as new, and has given it the name
of D. a. siamensis. ‘The character on which he founds his sub-species
is the alleged smallness of its bill, which measures in breadth at the
nostrils 8.7 mm. and in height at the chin 8.6 mm. The two birds
obtained by Mr. Herbert undoubtedly confirm Kloss’ diagnosis, as far
as they ,o; the bird obtained at Krabin, a place some eighty miles
BE. N. E. of Bangkok, has a very small bill of only 8.3 mm., and the
other specimen from Tung Song, about 400 miles 8. of that place in
Peninsular Siam, has a huge bill of no less than 10.3 mm. On the
other hand I find that there is an immense range of variation in
specimens from practically every portion of the area inhabited by this
species, from the Himalayas to the extreme South. In nearly every
district the range in variation of breadth is from 9.5 to 11.5 mm.,
but if an average is taken, it is very level throughout.

For the present, therefore, 1 retain the smaller of these birds

under Kloss’ name siamensis.
50. DickURUS LEUCOGENYS.
Buchanga leucogenys, Walden, A, M, N, H, (4) vy, p. 219 (1870).
? Maprit, P. Siam, 28. 12. 15.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, STAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 199

2 2 Maprit, P. Siam, t-4. 1. 16.

¢ Bangkok, 8. 3. 16.

Siam birds seem to be quite typical. Young birds are much
darker than adult ones, and have considerably less white—indeed, in
the youngest birds it is hardly present at all.

The present small series contains specimens of the darkest

young birds, and the whitest adults.

51. DickRURUS LEUCOPHAEUS DISTURBANS.
Dicrurus leucophaeus disturbans, Baker, Noy, Zoo), 1918, vol, xxv.
p. 293,

2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 2. 12. 15.

The specific name for all the Drongos of the longicaudatus,
cineraceus and nigrescens group must be leucophaeus of Vieillot.

I have recently written a uote on this species in “ Novitates Zoo-
logicae” (vol. xxv. p. 293, 1918), and have nothing to add to what | have
there recorded. A large series from Siam is still a desideratum, in
order to enable us to see to what extent this sub-species varies in
depth of colouring.

In Northern and Central Siam the form of Drongo met with

will almost assuredly be Oates’ D. 1. nigrescens.
52, CHAPTIA AENEA MALAYENSIS.

Chaptia malayensis, A, Hay, Blyth, J. A, S. B. xv. p, 294 (1846).

2 $ Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 7-20. &. Ve.

2 Maprit, P. Siam, 9. 1. 16. |

As [have already explained in “ Novitates Zoologicae” (vide
supra), I cannot separate the Siamese form from those of Burma, Malay
Peninsula and Southern India, and all Mr. Herbert’s birds are quite
typical of this sub-species. The Hainan birds are a much bigger race.

53. ACROCEPHALUS ARUNDINACEUS ORIENTALIS.

Salicaria turdina orientalis, Temm. and Schleg. Faun. Jap. Aves,
p. 50 (1850).
2 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 16. 3. 16.

54. ORTHOTOMUS SUTORIUS MACULICOLLIS,

Orthotomus maculicollis, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1854. p. 309.
¢ Samkok, C. Siam, 22. 6. 15.

VOL. ILI,.NO. IIT, 1919.

200 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

? Hup Bon, 8. E, Siam, 15. 7. 15.

3 Krabin, C. Siam, 11. 11. 15.

All three of these birds appear to be true maculicollis and are
identical with specimens from the Malay Peninsula. The dark upper
parts and the black bises of the breast feathers are very pronounced.

55. ORTHOTOMUS RUFICEPS.

Kdela rujiceps, Less, Traité d’Orn, p. 309 (18351).

¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 29. 12. 15.

9 Maprit, P. Siam, 2. 1. 16.

oth birds are quite typical specimens.

56. CISTICOLA CURSITANS CURSITANS.

Sylvia cisticola, Temm, Man, d’Orn, 2nd ed, i, p, 228 (1820).

@ d juv. Bangkok, 18. 6. and 11. 7. 15.

2 Samkok, C. Siam, 20. 6. 15.

3S 2 Sansep, Bangkok, 3. 7. 15.

d juv. Muak Lek, E. Siam, 25. 8. 15.

$ 2 ¢ juv. 2 juv. Samkok, C. Siam, 29-31. 8. 15.

26 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 16-17. 3. 16.

The series of Fantail Warblers obtained by Mr. Herbert’s col-
lector appears to be all typical cursitans, but an immense amount of
work still remains to be done, both in regard to working out the geo-
graphical races of this little bird and also its nomenclature. Such a
work unfortunately entails far more time than can be devoted to it
under present circumstances, so | leave them provisionally under this
name.

They agree with other specimens trom Northern Peninsular
Siam and Burma, Tenasserim and Western Burma.

57. CISTICOLA EXILIS’ VOLITANS.

Calamanthella volitans, Swinh. Journ. N. China As. Soe. p, 226 (1859).

¢ 2 2 Bangkok, 10. 7 and 29. 8. 15.

256 2 2 Samkok, ©. Siam, 31. 8. 15.

The male, killed on the 29th August, isin female plumage.

These birds, like the last, | name only provisionally as volitans,
a species described originally from Formosa, and from which these
birds only differ in the two cocks having rather more ‘richly coloured
heads. A very large series of males in breeding plumage for each

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 201

month of the year, or say from April to September, from every part ot
its range, is absolutely necessary before the various forms of ewilis can
be worked out. In the Williamson collection sent home in 1915—now
unfortunately broken up between different museums—there was a
really excellent series of males from Siam, grading from the richly-
coloured birds with golden chestnut heads killed in late spring, to pale
washed-out specimens with pale yellowish, or yellowish-white heads
killed in August and September. From this series it was possible to
shew small series typically representing C. ewilis exilis, C. ewilis tytleri
and C. ewilis volitans. It would appear from Mr. Williamson’s birds
that their colours bleach very quickly in the summer, and many of the
alleged sub-specific differences may eventually prove to be nothing
more than seasonable changes.
58. FRANKLINIA RUFESCENS.

Prinia rufescens, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 456 (1847).

2 Maprit, P. Siam, 2. 1. 16.

? juv. Tung Song, P. Siam, 15. 12. Lo.

I cannot see any difference between these specimens and typical
birds from Assam. Birds from further South in the Malay Peninsula
are generally darker.

59. PHRAGMATICOLA AEDON.
Muscicapa aedon, Pall. Reise, iii. p. 695 (1776).
2 Maprit, P. Siam, 30. 12. 15.
A specimen in perfect plumage.

60. GRAMINICOLA BENGALENSIS STRIATA.

Styan. Bull. B. O. C. 1892. p. 6.

43 2 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 29-31. 8. 15.

All these specimens agree perfectly with Styan’s striata des-
cribed by him from Hainan. ‘hey differ from typical bengalengis of
India and Burma in having the lores, ear-coverts and supercilia pale
fulvous rather than grey, in having the upper parts much less heavily
marked with black, especially on the head, so that the general appear-
ance is paler and more rufous. In striata, also, the white tips to the
tail feathers are dull and narrow, whereas in bengalensis they are wide
and conspicnous. The latter difference is not so noticeable in birds in
worn plumage, as the taiis in both species become very abraded.

VOL, Ifl, NO. 111, 1919.

202 MR. E, C. STUART BAKER ON

61. MEGALURUS PALUSTRIS,

Megalurus palustris, Horsf, Trans, Linn. Soe, xiii. p. 159 (1820),

3 ¢ 2 2 Bangkok, 18-30. 6. 15.

2 Sansep, Bangkok, 3. 7. 15.

¢ Samkok, C. Siam, 16. 3. 16.

‘These specimens are quite typical and cannot be distinguished
from Assam birds, though they are mostly in very worn plumage.
Mr. Herbert found this bird breeding freely round about Samkok,
the nests being generally placed in dense tufts of grass. He
took a fine series of the eggsin June and July, these differing in
no way from those found elsewhere, but in one or two clutches he
found five eggs, which is exceptional in other parts of this bird’s

range,

62. ABRORNIS SUPERCILIARIS SCHWANERI.

Sylvia schwaneri, Temm, in Mus. Lugd. undé, (Blyth, [bis 1870. p. 169).

tf ¢ 2 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 14-26. 1. 16.

% Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 2. 10. 15.

All Herbert’s birds agree well with typical schwaneri from
Borneo, though the heads are even darker and in still greater contrast
with the colour of the back. It should be noted that typical
superciliaris is confined to the Himalayas as far Kast as the Mishmi
Hills. Birds from the hills South of the Brahmapootra are somewhat
intermediate, but are nearer A. s. schwaneri than A. s. superciliaris.
Thus the range of the former sub-species must be taken as extending
from Assam, South of the Brahmapootra, through Cachar, Manipur,
Chin Hills, and the whole of Burma, Western Siam, and the Malay
Peninsula to Borneo.

In the Cat. Birds British Museum, the wing of schwaneri is
said .to be 1.85 inches only, but this is quite incorrect, for the series .
measures from just over 2 inches (51.0 mm.) up to 2.2 inches (55.8
mm.), the latter measurement being that of Bornean specimen,

63. PHYLLOSCOPUS HUMEIL PRAEMIUM,

P. humei praemium, Mathews and Iredale, Aus, Avian, Record tit.
p. 44 (1915).

3 ¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 7-13. 11. 15.

f Pak Jong, K. Siam, J. 12. 15.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 203

2 3 Hinlap, E. Siam, 6-10. 12. 15.

$ 2 Samray, Bangkok, 16-17. 12. 15.

¢ 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 26-27. 1. 16.

Mathews and Iredale have pointed out (loc. cit.) that Motacilla
superciliosa (Gmelin 1789) cannot be used for this little Warbler ;
superciliosa being unavailable, humei now becomes the specific name
and a trinomial being necessary they have given it the mame
of praemium.

64, PHYLLOSCOPUS OCCIPITALIS CORONATUS.

Ficedula coronata, Vemm. and Schleg, Faun, Jap, Aves. p. 48 (1847).
2 Tung Song, P. Siam, Sept. 1915.
A quite typical specimen of this sub-species.

65. PHYLLOSCOPUS BOREALIS BOREALIS.

Phyllopneuste borealis, Blas. Naum. 1858, p. 313.
3 Tung Song, P. Siam, 18. 9. 15.

66. PHYLLOSCOPUS BOREALIS SCANTHODRYAS.

Phylloscopus xanthodryas, Swinh, P. Z. 8. 1863. p. 296,

¢ Klong Song, near Petriu, C. Siam, 29. 2. 16.

The two above specimens must without doubt be placed under
the names as shewn. In the former the first primary is very small,
smaller in fact than it is in many birds obtained from their usual
breedings haunts, whilst, on the other hand, the first primary in the
second specimen is unusually big even for that sub-species. Both are,
of course, migrants breeding in different areas and meeting here
during the winter migration.

67. -UROSPHEMA SQUAMICEPS.

Tribura squamiceps, Swinh, P. Z, 8. 1863. p. 292.

= Maprit, P. Siam, 27. 12, 15.

This is another instance of this Warbler wandering from its
usual migration routes, though it has been obtained in Burma even
further West than this.

68. PRINIA INORNATA HERBERTI.

Baker, Bull. B. O, C. 1918. No. cexxx. p, 39.

2 Samkok, C. Siam, 20. 6. 15. Type.

$ Bangkok, 5.7.15. Type.

VOL. UI, NO. II, 1919.

204 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

¢ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 20. 8. 15.

2 ¢ 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 29. 8. 15.

It was with no Jittle surprise that when I came to examine the
series Of Prinia in Mr. Herbert’s collection, I saw at once that they
belonged to some form with which I was quite unacquainted,

One would naturally have expected something closely allied to
P. i. blanfordi, its nearest neighbour in Tenasserim and the peninsular
portion of Siam itself. It seems, however, to have nothing
to do with this very rufous race, but to be nearest to P. i. burmanica,
the type of which came from Tounghoo. From this latter bird it is
easily distinguishable by its much darker upper parts, its paler, less
rufescent tone below, and by the very big dark spots at the tips of the
tail feathers.

In addition to the differences in colour, it is also a much bigger
bird. The type of burmanica has a wing of 51 mm., but is an
exceptionally big bird, the average of 8 specimens being only 47.5
inm., whilst the average of 9 birds collected by Messrs. Williamson and
Herbert is exactly 53 mm. The tails average 55 mm. in burmanica
and 64.5 mm. in herberti. The bills of the two races measure respec-
tively 12 and 15 mm.

This Warbler seems to be extraordinarily common round about
Bangkok, and both Mr. Williamson and Mr. Herbert have been fortu-
nate enough to obtain good series of their nests and eggs, some of
which they have been so kind as to give to me.

The nest is described as being every similar to that of other
members of this species, i-e., a long purse-shaped nest with the
entrance near the top, woven from very fine strips of grass and lined
with the same; it measures about 5 to 7 inches in length by 24 to 3
inches in diameter. It is as a rule attached to the flowering stems of a
coarse sedge-like grass growing in or alongside water, or in stretches
of low-lying grass-land.

The eggs are amongst the most beautiful known. Instead of
having a bright blue ground with chocolate and black blotches like
normal eggs of inornata and hurmanica, they are like, but even
brighter than, those of P. i. blanfordi. In ground colour they vary
from a pale creamy white to a deep reddish pink, boldly blotched
and spotted with blood-red, chocolate red and blackish red, profusely

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 205

scattered over their whole surface. In most eggs the blotches are
very large, in a few cases four or five covering half the surface of the -
eggs. Rarely the markings are smaller and more scanty, and are
sometimes confined almost entirely to the larger end. Scrolls and
wavy lines, such are so common in eggs of Jerdon’s Wren-Warbler
(Prinia i. jerdoni) and, to a less extent, in those of the Common Wren-
Warbler, are very seldom present in these eggs.

In shape they are broad obtuse ovals, with a very glossy com-
pact surface, and the texture, though fine, is very stout for such small
eggs.

30 eggs average 15.6 x 11.6 mm. The longest, which is also
the broadest, measures 17.3 x 12.2 mm.; the shortest is 14.9 x 11.3
mm., and the most narrow 15.4 x 11.0 mm.

They lay principaily in May, June and July, but many will be
found breeding as late as August and September, and others again as
early as April.

69. LANIUS NIGRICEPS LONGICAUDATUS.
Lanius longicaudatus, Ogilvie Grant, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 480 (1902).
3d 2 and ¢ juv. Bangkok, 18-30. 6. 15.
These birds belong to Grant’s sub-species lengicadatus, the form
found over the greater part of Siam.

70. LANIUS CRISTATUS CRISTATUS.
Lanius cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 134 (1758)-
? Sapatoom, Bangkok, 14. 3. 16.
A very worn specimen. This bird, of course, is a migrant only
in Siam. )

71. HEMIPUS PICATUS PICATUS.
Muscicapa picata, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832. p. &5.
3 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 23. 7. lo.
¢ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 21. 8. 15.
2 5 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29. 9. 15.
3 2 Maprit, P. Siam, 10. 1. 16.
¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 1. 2. i6.
These little Shrikes appear all to be quite typical picafus. As

VOL, III, NO. Ili, 1919.

206 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

yet that erratic bird obscurus has only been obtained from Peninsular
Siam, where Messrs. Williamson and Aagaard have procured specimens
at Bang Nara, Patani. It will be interesting to know how far North
it occurs.

72. TEPHRODORNIS PELVICUS (? subspec. nov.)

Tentheca pelvrica, Hodg. Ind. Rey. i. p. 447 (1837),

$ Hup Bon, S.,E. Siam, 25. 7. 15.

This is a very dark grey specimen, differing from all other
specimens | have seen of 1. p. pelvicus in having the back decidedly
darker, more grey and Jess rufous ; it also differs in having the whole of
the threat, breast and flanks ashy grey, faintly tinged with vinous.

Kloss* is, | understand, shortly describing the Malay form under
a new name, but as regards the British Museum series, there seem to
be only the following races, (1) one Indian, (2) doubtfully Burmese and
Malayan birds, which may be slightly darker, and (3) Chinese birds
which are, of course, much richer and redder, and which may well be
found in N. E. and extreme East Siam. I cannot distinguish between
Chinese and Hainan birds.

More material is required before the Siam bird can be given a
definite position, and for the time being I Jeave it unnamed.

73. PERICROCOTUS SPECIOSUS FRATERCULUS.

Pericrocotus fraterculus, Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p, 244.

3d 2 2 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 17-26. 7. 15.

3 5 Tung Song, P. Siam, 15-23. 8. 15.

2 56 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 1-4. 9. 15.

¢ 2 Maprit, P. Siam, 1-6. 1. 16.

These specimens are all typical fraterculus. The wings measure
from 89 to 96 mm.

74. PERICROCOTUS PERIGRINUS.
Parus perigrinus, Linn, Sys. Nat. i. p. 342 (1766).
2 Bangkok, 16, 6. 15.
¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 30. 10, 15.
45 5 2 Bangkok, 14, 12. 15.

* Since this was written Kloss’ articles have appeared in the * Lbis,~
but there is nothing referring to this bird.

JOURN. NAV. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 207

‘There are, undoubtedly, several races of this little Minivet, and
I hope shortly to be able to work them out, but have not yet had time
to do so.

75. PERICROCOTUS CINEREUS.

Pericrocotus cinereus, Lafresn, Rev. Zool. viii, p. 94 (1845).
¢ Paknam, C. Siam, 14, 2. 16.
A very battered specimen.

76. CAMPOPHAGA NEGLECTA.

Volvocivora neglecta, Hume, Str. Feath, v, p. 203 (1877).

2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 18. 9. 15.

3 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 3-8. 10. 15.

In a recent article in the “Ibis” (1918, p. 192) Kloss has revived
the name polioptera of Sharpe, on the grounds that three birds
obtained by the former at Koh Lak shew that his original diagnosis
was correct, and that polioptera isa different race to typical neglecta.
Sharpe. however, himself altered his opinion later on, and agreed with
Oates that the two supposed forms were. one and the same, and as
regards the three actual specimens named polioptera in the British
Museum collection, there can be no doubt but that they are simply
young neglecta. This is confirmed by the three additional specimens
obtained by Herbert, these also being nothing but neglecta.

77. CAMPOPHAGA MELANOSCHISTA INTERMEDIA.

Volvocivora intermedia, Hume, Str. Feath. v. p. 205 (1877).

2 Pak Jong, KH. Siam, 30. 10. 15.

This specimen is very pale in general colouration, with pure
white under tail-coverts and a wing of 121 mm. It agrees exactly
with the specimens in the British Museum named intermedia by
Hume, some of which have pare white under tail-coverts, whilst some
have them white with greyish bases. This forms quite a good
geographical race, and must be maintained.

Kloss’ new species Volvocivora koratensis (Ibis 1918, p. 193) is
nothing more than Hame’s bird, Kloss not having Hume’s specimens
for comparison, and being misled by Hume’s insufficient description.
V. koratensis becomes, therefore, a synonym of C. m. intermedia,

VOL. II, NO. ILI, 1919.

208 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

78. GRAUCALUS MACEI SIAMENSIS.

Baker, Bull, B. O. C. 1918, No. cexxxiii. p. 69.

& Chan Tenk, E. Siam, 15. 8. 15.

¢ 9 Krabin, C. Siam, 5. 10. 15.

3 Klong Song, near Petriu, C, Siam, 29. 2. 16.

The male birds collected by Mr. Herbert have wings varying
from 192 to 195 mm., and are exceptionally big specimens. The single
female is in moult, and the imperfect wings measure only 155 mm.
They belong to the form found all over Burma, Siam and Eastern
Assam, in which the adult female acquires a unicoloured chin, throat
and upper breast, as in the male, instead of having these parts barred
asin the females of India and Ceylon.

79. ARTAMUS FUSCUS.

Artamus fuscus, Vieill. Nouv, Dict, d’ Hist. Nat, xvii, p. 297 (1817).

¢ et d juv. Samkok, C. Siam, 21. 6. 15.

Throughout its great range—from Ceylon to Simla, and from
Manipur to Amherst and Bangkok—I can find no geographical varia-
tion in this bird entitling it to division into sub-species. Specimens
from Peninsular Siam and Tenasserim appear to be very slightly paler
on the under surface than are birds from elsewhere, but the difference
is so trifling that it would not be justifiable to separate them on this
account alone.

In size the birds vary considerably individually, but on an
average are much the same from all parts of their habitat. Birds from
Ceylon are no smaller than those from extreme Northern India, and
Southern Burmese specimens are practically as big as those from

Manipur and Assam.

80. ORIOLUS INDICUS TENUIROSTRIS.

Oriolus tenuirostris, Blyth, d. A. 8. B. xv. p. 48 (1846),

? jav. Krabin, C. Siam, 1. 11. 15.

¢ juv. Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 25 1. 16.

Both specimens in this collection are young birds withoot any
indication of the distinctive black nape band, but the amount of yellow
on the tail feathers and their rather slender bills seem to refer them to
the sub-species named. Both 0. indicus indicus and O. indicus

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 209

tenwirostris cecur in Siam, the latter as a resi:lent, and the former as a
winter visitor only. The latter is only a resident sub-species of the
former, the sedentary bird already shewing by its shorter wing the effects
of its giving up its migratory habits.

It will be seen that I retain the name indicus for this Oriole.
The original description is that of Aldrovandus (vili, p. 862, 1599), in
which he gives a very good description of this bird, but replaces the
black by blue. As Jerdon points out this is probably a clerical error
only, for the accompanying plate figures unmistakably a Black-naped
Oriole. Its habitat is given as “in India,” and I[ have no doubt it
refers to the present species. Brisson, referring to Aldrovandus
(Ornithology ii. p. 328, 1760, and in Buffon’s Planches Eluminées
p. 281, 1774), of course repeats the error, and substitutes blue for
black.

81, ORIOLUS LUTEOLUS THAIACOUS.
Oriolus luteolus thaiacous, Hartert, Bull. B. O. C. No. cexxxiii. p. 63,
and No, cexxxiv, p. 75.

3 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 15. 8. 15.

3 Krabin, C. Siam, 20. 10. 18.

3 2 Krabin, C. Siam, LI-16. 11. 15.

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 28. 1. 16.

Hartert has shewn (‘ Novitates Zoologicae” 1918, p. 361) that
the proper name for this Oriole is luteolus of Linnaeus 1758, who first
gave it the name of Sturnus luteolus, but later in the xii. ed. (1766)
changed it to Oriolus melanocephalus.

82. EULABES INTERMEDIA.
— Gracula intermedia, A, Hay. Madr, Journ, Linn. Soe. xiii. pt. ii, p. 157
(1844).
3 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 17. 7. 15. Lat. 12°. Long. 100° about.
3 @ Krabin, C. Siam, 29. 10. 18. Lat. 14°. Long. 102? about.
& 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 2. 11.15.

83. EULABES JAVANENSIS.
Corvus javanensis, Osbeck, Voy. to China, i. p, 157 (1771).
3 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 17. 8. 185, Lat. 10. 50°, Long. 99°
about.

VOL. Ill, NO. III, 1919.

210 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

2 Klong Wang Hip, 2. 10. 15. Lat. 8°. Long. 99° about.

¢ 2 Maprit, P. Siam, 4-10. 1. 16.

$ Klong Bang Lai, P, Siam, 17. 1, 16,

These two series of Grackles are most interesting, and confirm
Oates’ description of the two birds and the differences between them in
a remarkable degree. ‘he birds obtained North of latitude 12° are all
intermedia, with wings averaging about 160 mm., and with bills about
23.5 mm. long and 11.5 mm. deep at the nostrils.

Those obtained South of lat. 12° are all javanensis, having a
wing of about 170 mm., with bills about 26 mm. long and 14.5 mm,
deep.

In the latter birds the yellow lappets under the eye are all
completely divided by a narrow line of feathers, whilst in the former
there is a well-defined space of yellow wattle joining these two areas at
their lowest edge.

At the same time we as yet know of no definite boundary line
between the two forms, and it appears as if they both bred in the
central area in which the two forms are found together. IR£fthis is so
they cannot be relegated to the rank of sub-species, as one would have
expected, and this remains a very interesting conundrum for our
Siamese Field Naturalists to work out.

Birds from the Andanians and Nicobars approach most nearly to
javanensis in their long stout bills, but have the ear lappets as in
intermedia, thus adding to the diffientty of deciding what status the two

forms should hold.

84. STURNIA SINENSIS.

Orivlus sinensis, Gmel. Sys, Nat. i. p. 394 (1788),

¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 6. Fay Pe

2? Bangkok, 14. 3. 16.

3 5 3 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 18. 3. 16.

| cannot find that there is any difference in these birds through-
out their range, beyond the fact that Hainan birds appear to be very
small.

A large series of birds from China have an average wing

measurement of 102 mm,

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. rail

A smaller series from the Malay Peninsula average 101.75 mm.,
8 from Formosa average 100.6 mm., but 5 birds from Hainan only
94.0 mm. These latter will probably have to b> sepurated, though
I can see no difference except in size. The birds from the remaining
areas certainly cannot be split up into races.

85. STURNIA NEMORICOLA.

Sturnia nemoricola, Jerdon, [bis, 1862, p. 22.

S 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 30. 10 to 8. 11. 15.

86. AGROPSAR STURNINUS. d

Gracula sturnina, Pall. Reis, Russ, Reichs. iii, p. 695 (1776).

3 2 Q Krabin, C. Siam, 29. 10 to 5. 11. 15.

The male is in full and perfect plumage, but the two females
appear to be still immature.

| 87. AMPELICEPS CORONATUS.

Ampeliceps coronatus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 194 (1842).

3 3 9 Hinlap, E. Siam, 8. 12. 15.

8 5 2 9 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 17-19. 1. 16.

Details as to this bird’s habits and nidification still require to
be ascertained. The only clutch of eggs known was brought in to
Dr. Coltart with the parent bird by Trans-Dikku Nagas at Margherita
in Assam, and though probably correct, is not altogether beyond sus-
picion. The eggs are blue, like those of Sturnia, but of a hard, very
glossy texture, more like the eggs of some of the Laughing Thrushes
rather than those of the Mynas. These were said to have been taken
from a hole in a tree. .

88. GRACULIPICA NIGRICOLLIS.
Gracula nigricollis, Payk. Stockh. Acad. Hand-L. xxvith p. 291
(1807).

¢ Bangkok, 18. 6. 15.

89. GRACULIPICA LEUCOCEPHALA LEUCOCEPHALA.

Acridotheres leucocephalus, Gigi. and Saly. Atti. R. Ace, Se, di Tor.

v. p. 273 (1870),

6 Q Krabin, C. Siam, 16. 11, 15.

Wells has recently described [ Bull. B.O.C. No. ecexlii, p. 77
(1919) | a new race of this Myna from Annam, but the type of /euco-
cephala is from Siam, and Mr. Herbert’s birds ave quite typical. The

VOL. ILI, NO. III, 1919.

212 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

Burmese form must be known as incognita of Hume (Str. Feath.), being
different to the Siam bird, having a brown head and other minor
differences.
90. ACRIDOTHERES TRISTIS.

Paradisea tristis, Linn, Syst. Nat. i. p. 167 (1766).

¢ Bangkok, 30. 6, 15.

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 30. 8. 15.

Both birds are in very poor condition, and a series of good speci-

mens, more especially from Eastern Siam, is a desideratum.

91. AETHIOPSAR FUSCUS GRANDIS.

Acridotheres grandis, Moore, Horsf. and M. Cat. ii, p, 587 (1858).

2d 2 Samkoh, C. Siam, 20. 6 and 30. 8. 15.

2 2 Meklong, C, Siam, 26. 6. 15.

2 2 Bangkok, 11. 7. 15 and 14, 3. 16.

All Mr. Herbert’s specimens of this Myna are of the same deep
black colour as Swainson’s types, which he recorded—undoubtedly in
error—as having been received from Sumatra. This is quite a different
bird to the much paler, browner form found in Manipur and Northern
Burma, which approaches Ae. fuscus fuscus in colour, though it is so
much bigger than that bird. This bird I have recently described under
the name of Aethiopsar fuscus infuscatus ( Bull. B. O. C. No. cexxxiii,
1918. p. 70).

‘ 92, STURNOPASTOR CONTRA ? FLOWERI.

Sturnopastor floweri, Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. viii. p. 17 (1897).

$ Bangkok, 11. 7. 15.

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 3. 7. 18.

Both specimens are in very worn abraded plumage, but they
seem to be a very pale brown, and more skins of this very common bird
should be obtained and sent home for comparison.

93. SIPHIA PARVA ALBICILLA,

Muscicapu albicilla, Pall, Googr., Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 462 (1811),

3 Krabin, C. Siam, 4. 11. 15.

¢ 2 Bangkok, 16. 12. 15 and 29, 2. 16.

This bird is, of course, only a winter visitor to the lowlands,
and it is not at present known to breed anywhere in the Siamese hills,

but almost certainly does so in the higher Kachin hills.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 213

94. HEMICHELIDON FERRUGINEA.
Hemichelidon ferruginea, Hodgs. P. Z. 8. p. 32. (1845)
2 5 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 5-25. 12. 15.

95. CYORNIS TICKELLI SUMATRENSIS.

Cyornis tickelli sumatrensis, Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 549 (1902).

$ Pak Jong, H. Siam, 18. 8. 15.

3 ¢ @ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29. 9-13. 11. 15.

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 10. 11. 15.

96. CYORNIS MAGNIROSTRIS COERULIFRONS.
Cyornis magnirostris coerulifrons, Baker, Bull. B. O. C. No. cexxxvi.
p. 6:/(1948):

¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 24. 1. 16. (Type).

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 14. 1. 16. (Type).

2 3 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 15 and 31. 1. 16.

This beautiful little flycatcher is exactly like the Northern
O. m. magnirostris, except in being decidedly smaller and in having a
proportionately rather smaller bill.

Mr. Herbert’s three males vary from 70 to 72 mm. in wing
measurement, as against 78 to 83 mm. in the larger bird, whilst his
female has a wing of 69 mm. against 73 to 78 mm. in the female of true
magnirostris. The bill, measuring in a straight line from the feathers
of the forehead to the tip, varies in the new sub-species between 11
and 11.5 mm, whereas in true magnirostris the female has it about
13.5 mm. (13 to 13.75 mm.) and the male about 14.2 mm. (14 to
14.75 mm. ).

The range of this race is as yet unknown, but a male in the
British Museum collection, from Tenasserim in Burma, seems to belong
to it, having a wing of 70 mm. and a bill about 11.2 mm.

97. CYORNIS RUBECULOIDES.

Phoenicura rubeculoides, Vigors, P.Z.8, p. 35 (1831).

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 7. 11. 15

A quite typical female with bill of 11 mm. and wing of 68 mm.
and with dark under-side much suffused on flanks and lower breast with
olive. When placed beside the female of C. ¢. sumatrensis, obtained
three days later at the same place, Krabin, the differences in plumage

are very striking.

VOL, III, N@. III, 1919.

214 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

98. STOPAROLA MELANOPS.
Muscicapa melanops, Vigors. P.Z.S. p. 171 (1831).
¢ 2 Hinlap, P. Siam, 6-10. 12. 15.
2 Maprit, P. Siam, 8. 1. 16.
S$ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 21. 1. 16.
None of these specimens is quite fully adult, but the older of
the two males is very noticeably dull in its general colouration.

99, ANTHIPES SUBMONILIGER MALAYANA.

Anthipes malayana, Sharpe, P. Z. 8S, p. 246 (1888),

3 5 1 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, {20-24. 9. 15.

These specimens all seem to be nearest to Sharpe’s malayana,
differing from typical submoniliger in having redder foreheads and
faces, and the black gorget round the white breast much better defined.
At the same time they are not quite so red on the heads as is the type,
or the only other specimen of malayana in the British Museum

collection.

100. ANTHIPES OLIVACEA.

Cyornis olivacea, Hume, Str, Feath. vy. p. 338 (1877).

g 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 15-19. 9. 15.

$ Maprit, P. Siam, 10. 1. 16.

I cannot see that these specimens differ in any way from typical

A, olivacea.

101, ALSEONAX LATIROSTRIS.

Muscicapa tatirostris, Raff. Trans, Linn, Soe. xiii. p. 312 (1821).

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 28. 9. 15.

26 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 11-31. 10. and 2. 11. 15,

2 5 Maprit, P. Siam, 7. 1. 16.

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 14. 1. 16.

This little flycatcher has generally been considered to be
merely a migrant within tropical countries, but as a matter of fact it
probably breeds throughout the drier portions of the areas in which it is
found. General Betham, Col. Buehanan, Major Lindsey Smith and
Sergt-Major I’. Kemp have all found it breeding in the plains of India,

at least as far South as Mhow.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 215

102. CULCICAPA CEYLONENSIS.
Platyrhynchus ceylonensis, Swains. Zool. Ill ser. L, i, ph 15
(1820-21).
5 5 Tung Song, P. Siam, 15. 9-23. 10. 15.
2 2 Klong Song, near Petriu, C. Siam, 29. 2. 16.

103. PHILENTOMA VELATUM.

Drymophila velata, Temm, Pl, Col, No, 334 (1823).
3 Tung Song, P. Siam, 18. 9. 15.

104. PHILENTOMA PYRRHOPTERUM.

Muscicapa pyrrhoptera, Tem, Pl. Col. No. 596 (1823),

105. TERPSIPHONE PARADISI AFFINIS,

Tchitrea affinis, Hay, Blyth. J. A, S. B. xv, p. 292 (1846).

? 3 Tung Song, P. Siam, 16-23. 9. 15.

d Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29. 9. 15.

2 Samray, Bangkok, 17. 12. 15.

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 14. 1. 16.

The birds in this series all appear to me to be the same as the
Burmese form of Paradise Flycatcher. In [astern Siam other races

are found.

106. XANTHOPYGIA XANTHOPYGIA XANTHOPYGIA.

Muscicapa xanthopygia, Hay, Madr. Journ. xiii. pt. 2, p. 162.

3S Tung Song, P. Siam, 16. 9 15.
This specimen is of the typical form with the throat yellow, not
orange, as in narcissina, and with the yellow instead of white eyebrow,

as in the latter bird.

107. HyroTHyMIS AZUREA STYANI.

Hypothymis styani, Hartl. Abh, Nat. Ver. Bremen, xvi. pt. 2, p. 248
(1898).

3 ¢ Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 20-25. 7. 15.
3 3 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 18-25. 9. 1
3 Q Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 8. 10. 15.
2 5 Krabin, C. Siam, 4-5. 11. 15.

2).

VOL. III, NO. 111, 1919.

216 A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM.

3 Bangkok, 16, 12. 15.

$ 2 2 Maprit, P. Siam, 31. 10, 15 to 12. 1. 16.

3 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 20. 1. 16.

The Black-naped Blue Flycatchers from the southern parts of
Siam all belong to this form, and Mr. Herbert’s fine series is very
constant in colouration.

108. RHIPIDURA JAVANICA,

Muscicapa javanica, Sparrm. Mus, Carls. iti. pl. 7 (1788).

2 Samkok, C. Siam, 19, 6. 15.

2 Samray, Bangkok, 16. 12. 16.

( To be continued )

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOO, SIAM,

,

217

CROCODILUS SIAMENSIS.
By Ma.tcoum A, SMITH. F.Z.S.

Wirtn 3 PLatTeEs.

Crocodilus siamensis was erected by Schneider in 1801, on a
skull brought to Europe by the French missionaries to Siam. Mouhot
Jater obtained a young specimen in Cambodia, which is now in the
British Museum, and it is also known by one or two specimens from
Java. These appear to be the only known records of this creature.

In publishing a list of the crocodiles, chelonians and lizards of
Siam in this Journal three years ago, I stated that C. palustris Lesson,
the Indian “ mugger”, was an inhabitant of the country, basing my
statement upon some juveniles and a dried skin. I have since examined
a large number of specimens, both alive and dead, and have discovered
my error. The inland or fresh-water crocodile of Siam is C. siamensis,
and, as I shall presently endeavour to show, C. palustris does not exist in
the country at all.

Most of the characters which distinguish Q. siamensis from its
allies, C. palustris and porosus, have already been enumerated, but
I propose now to review them in greater detail, and to add some others
which have so far escaped observation. ‘

The head*. 17 or 18 upper teeth on each side, 4 teeth in each
praemaxillary ; 15 lower teeth on each side, the mandibular symphysis
extending to the fourth tooth.

Snout from once and two-thirds to once and five-sixths as long
as broad at the base; interorbital breadth greater than the vertical
diameter of the orbit ; a thick, fairly distinct curved ridge, present in
most specimens, extending from the anterior extremity of the orbit for
a short distance ; interorbital ridge, much narrower than the prae-
orbital, commencing from in front ofa line drawn through the middle of
the orbit, and extending to a line drawn across its posterior extremities ;
in some examples it is very poorly developed. Praemaxillo-maxillary
suture on the palate directed backwards.

The integument. One or two pairs of postoccipital scutes. Four
large nuchals in a square with a smaller one on each side. Dorsal

$$ $$, —

*The changes which take place in the skull during growth are econsider-
able. and the proportions given here apply to adults only, or at least half-grown
individuals.

VOL, III, NO, III, 1919-

218 DR. MALCOLM SMITH ON

shield formed by 16 or 17 transverse, and 4 or 6 longitudinal, series of
bony scutes, which are joined to each other in a transverse series, as in
CO. palustris, by suture. In the arrangement of the shields upon the
under surface of the body these two species also resemble each other,
but differ from C. porosus, in that, across the pectoral region, there is
a single row of much enlarged scutes (PI. 6, fig. A.), the shields forming
this series being from two to three times as large as those of the adjacent
rows. In the diagnosis of juvenile specimens this character is very useful.

The feet. A rudiment of a web between the inner four fingers. Web
between the toes much shorter than in C. palustris or porosus. I have
no examples of C. palustris suitable for examination, but Mr. Boulenger
has kindly examined spirit specimens for me in the British Museum
and writes that there is not much difference in palmation between it
and porosus; in both the web between the 3rd and 4th toes reaches
practically the extremity, but it is rather more deeply notched between
the 2nd and 8rd toes in palustris. In siamensis the web between the
3rd and 4th toes does not reach the extremity, while between the 2nd
and 2rd toes it barely reaches the 2nd joint of the latter.

This shortness in the web of the toes of C. siamensis, as compared
with that of CO. porosus, is well known to the people of Siam, and is
commonly used by them to differentiate between the two species,
“takhé tin kai” the fowl-footed crocodile, being used for the former,
and ‘‘takhé tin pet” the duck-footed crocodile, for the latter. Their
application of this knowledge, however, is by no means certain, and
when confronted with the creature, they are seldom in agreement as to
which kind they are actually dealing with.

Dimensions. The largest individual [ have actually measured
was 3.50 metres in length, and [ have never seen any which appeared
much bigger, although many that were quite as big. The skull of what
seems to be an aged individual in my possession, is no longer than that
of the above mentioned example, and 3.50 to 4 metres probably repre-
sents the average maximum length of this species. The tail constitutes
approximately one half of the total length.

Distribution. Indo-China, Siam, ? the Malay Peninsula, Java.

[In Central Siam, upon the Me Yome, Me Ping, and the Prasak
rivers, it is still fairly common, although large numbers have been shot
by Europeans of recent years. In Northern Siam it appears to be

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

CROCODILUS SIAMENSIS. 219

enknown, although Iam informed that a large crocodile was shot on
the upper Me Yome, some distance north of Prae, two years ago.
On the upper reaches of the Me Kong it does not appear to exist, but
further south on that river is well known. I have a skull from
Kemarat, lat. 16°. In the peninsula of Siam it is not uncommon in
swamps in the neighbourhood of Chumporn, and it is again to be found
at the northern extremity of the Talé Sap, near Singgora.

A fresh-water crocodile is also recorded from the following
localities, and is prebably referable to this species.

Robinson and Annandale (Fascic. Malay, 1904, p- 148) report
one as common on tha upper reaches of the Patani river. South of this
there is no direct evidence of the existence of any fresh-water crocodile
in the Malay Peninsula.

On the Quaa Noi river, near Sai Yoke, W. Siam, a crocodile is
reported as being common.

Last year whilst travelling on the Lang Bian plateau,
S. Annam, Monsieur Millet, Conservator of Forests to the French
Government, informed me that crocodiles in large numbers existed there
in a small lake at Tak-Lak, elevation of about 1000 metres. They wer-
also plentiful in several large swamps in southern Cambodia.

Habits. The Siamese Crocodile is essentially a fresh-water ine
habitant, haunting by preference slow-moving streams with muddy
banks. Not far north of Paknampo, C. Siam, they have lived for years
in the borrow-pits beside the railway embankment, and have become
so accustomed to the daily service of trains that they make no attempt
to move away when they pass by. At the end of the rainy season,
when the whole country is flooded, they are said to disappear,
returning again as the waters dry up. Their reason for preferring
these pits, in preference to the main river which is not more than a
few hundred yards away, is due ne doubt to the absence of molesta-
tion by passing boats, and also to the greater ease of obtaining food.
For the same reason they prefer swamps wherever they are to be found
in the vicinity of rivers.

The Siamese Crocodile does not appear te be a particularly
aggressive creature. I have never heard of any grown person being
attacked by it, although I am told that small children are some-
times seized. The country people certainly seem to have little fear of

VOL. II, NO. TH, 1919.

Z

220 7 DR. MALCOLM SMITH ON

them, and do not hesitate to bathe in the waters known to be inhabited
by these creatures. They say that as long as they have plenty of fish
to eat they will not attack human beings. In captivity their disposi-
tion is variable. Some that I have kept have refused all food. Others
fed freely on flesh of every kind, and soon learned to come to the side
of the tank and take it.

The flesh of this crocodile is eaten by the country people, while
that of C. porosus is not.

Breeding. Eggs are laid during the rainy season. They have
the usual hard, white shell, and are from 75 to 80 mm. long by 50
broad. I have had young ones hatched out in August. When born
they were about 250 mm. in total length. They had no teeth at first,
but these appeared after some ten days. They were very lively, and
snapped fiercely when any attempt was made to handle them.

In studying the distribution of C. siamensis I have naturally
been led to enquire into the exact habitat of its close ally O. palustris.
This is recorded as India, Ceylon, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and
Java; and, if this were correct, one might certainly also expect to find
it in Siam.

After carefully examining a large number of crocodiles from
various part of Siam, Iam convinced that it does not occur anywhere
in that country. Nor does there appear to be any reliable evidence that
it occurs either in Burma or the Malay Peninsula. Neither the British
Museum, the Indian Museum, the Museum of the Bombay Natural His-
tory Society nor the F. M. S. Museums, possess specimens from those
countries, nor can the authorities of those institutions tell me of any ever
having been obtained there. ‘hat a fresh-water crocodile exists in
Burma is evident from the testimony of eye witnesses who have lived
there, but whether it is palustris or siamensis, stilll remains to be shewn.

The fresh-water crocodile of the upper part of the Malay
Peninsula is almost certainly CO. siamensis. In fact this form appears
to replace palustris east of the Indian or Indo-Burmese region. The
occurrence of both species therefore in Java, as recorded, is of particu-
lar interest.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

JouRN. Nat. Hist. Soc., Stam. Vou. III, Pu. 4.

CROCODILUS SIAMENSIS.

Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc., Siam. Vol. I1I., pl. 5.

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Hind foot of POLOSUS.

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THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHORUS IN SIAM,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES.

By Matcoim A. SMITH, F. Z. Ss.

Five species of Tropidophorus are ncw known to inh: hit Si: m,
two of which are here described as new to science. 1. thai was
obtained by my collectors at the end of 1917 while ona visit to the
North, while 7. robinsona was discovered in the Peninsula during the
recent expedition of the Federated Malay States Museums to that part
of the country. Ihave much pleasure in naming this new species in
honour of Mr. Herbert C. Robinson, Director of Museums, who as head
of the party, took charge of my collector. The types of both epecies
will be presented to the British Museum of Natural History.

All the lizards of this Genus appear to have the same love of
water, and are to be found frequenting mountain streams, living in the
tangle of undergrowth upon the bank, or hiding beneath the stones that
form the river bed. They produce their young alive.

Examples of 7’, cochinchinensis 1 have kept alive, but they were
not happy in captivity. The change of environment was evidently too
great. Nocturnal in their habits, they spent the days in hiding
beneath the earth or stones in their cage, I never saw them take any

food.
TROPIDOPHORUS ROBINSON], Sp. NOY.

Diagnosis. Upper head shields feebly striated, a single fronto-
~ nasal, 30 to 32 scales round the body, dorsals and laterals keeled, not
mucronate. Allied to 7, berdmorei Blyth, from Pegu and Tenasserim,
from which it differs chiefly in the fewer number of scales round the
body.
Description, Upper head shields feebly striated ; a single fronto-
nasal, nearly as broad posteriorly as long ; praefrontals forming a good
suture; frontal as long as, ora little longer than, the frontoparietals
and interparietal together ; parietals forming a suture behind the inter-
parietal ; four supraoculars, first longest ; six supraciliaries anterior to
the fourth supraocular, which enters the supraciliary border ; nestril
pierced in a single nasal ; a single anterior lorea!, succeeded by another
of about the same size; six supralabials, fourth largest and subcecular ;
temporals small and scale-like except one, in contact with the
parietal, which is usually much larger; a single postmental ;

VOL. IN, NO. III, 1919,

224 DR. MALCOLM SMITH ON

tytmpanuin nearly as large as the eye opening ; 30 to 32 scales round
the middle of the body, nuchals often bi- tri- or multicarinate, dorsals
strongly keeled, not mucronate ; laterals keeled, a little smaller than the
dorsals, directed straight backwards ; gular scales smooth or feebly keeled,
ventrals smooth ; a pair of large praeanals ; caudal scales keeled except
the median lower series ; the hind limb reaches the wrist, or not quite
sv far; subdigital lamellae smooth, 17 or 18 beneath the fourth toe.

Brownish or blackish above, with light brown, black-edged cross
bars or alternating spots, the first on the nape ; sides of body and tail
with small white spots; below yellowish-white, the belly uniform, the
throat more or less spotted with black, the tail thickly spotted or
almost entirely black ; head blackish, labials with white spots.

Type. (Gravid female, Jauthor’s number, 3254, (collected ) at
Tasan, 32 kilometres W. of Chumporn town, Peninsular Siam, (in
Mareh)1919. |

Number of specimens examined, 33, all from the same locality ;
author’s numbers 3247 to 3279 inclusive.

Variation. The posterior loreal shield in one specimen is
divided vertically into two.

Measurements. No. 5250 No. 3254 No. 3267

Total length 155 165 155
Tail 77 90 95
Length of head i) 15 10
Width of head 9) 8.5 8.5
Fore limb Is 16 15
Hind limb 25 25 23

' Several gravid females were obtained, containing from four to tive
embryos, in a fairly advanced stage of development.
TROPIDOPHORUS YUNNANENSIS Bler.

Annandale has recently proposed (Rec. Ind. Mus., viii, p. 58,
1912), that this species should be united with 7. berdmorii Blyth,
from ‘Tenasserim, basing his opinion on the taet that the keeling of the
scales, and the number of scale rows round the body, is inconstants
With a large series of specimens from the hills of Northern Siam betore
me, however, there seems good reason to maintain them as orginally

separated by Boulenger.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHORUS IN SIAM. 225

Altogether | have 42 specimens, 16 from Khao Pleung and Pan
Ton Pheung, in the hills to the south of Prae, while the remainder are
from the hills in the Me Wang district, reaching as far north as Pa
Meang, near the border of the Southern Shan States. They were all
taken at between 800 and 2000 feet elevation.

In all the adults and in nearly all the half grown specimens, the
scales are entirely smooth. Only in juveniles are they at all strongly
keeled, and this seems to be a character common to the genus, namely,
that the young when born are more strongly keeled than their
parents.

The number of scales round the middle of the body varies from
32 to 36; 32 occurring six times, 34 twenty-seven times, and 36 nine
times in the series. This variation does not appear to depend upon
locality.

The praefrontals in this species are said to be in contract, or
meeting by the inner angles. My specimens shew considerable varia-
tion in this respect. In the series of 16 from south of Prae, these
shields are so arranged in 11 examples, while in the other 5, a small
shield is interposed separating them. In none of the specimens from Me
Wang are the praefrontals in contact, this intercalated shield being
present in every instance. There are twol superposed anterior loreal
scales in every example, succeeded by a single large posterior one ;
rarely one or two small scales are interposed between this latter
shield and the praefrontals. Two praeanal shields occur in every
example.

TRoPtpOPHORUS BERDMORIL (Blyth).

To this species I refer 5 examples collected on Doi Nga Chang,
in the southern part of the Me Wang district, at between 2000 and
5000 feet.

It is unfortunate that none of these specimens is adult, the
largest one having a head and body of 57 mm. (total length, 132, tip
of tail missing). All the specimens however, have the dorsal and

1 Anderson’s specimen as figured (Zool. Researches Yunnan, p. 796.

pl. Ixxvi, fig. 5. 1878). appears to have only asingle anterior loreal.

- VOL, Tl, NO. IL, 1919.

226 DR. MALCOLM SMITH ON

lateral scales strongly keeled, the smallest (head and body, 41 mm.), }
having the ventrals faintly keeled also.

There are 36 scales round the middle of the body in one
individual, 38 in the remvining four. There is a single large anterior
loreal, succeaded by another of about the same size. The praefrontals
are in contact with each other by their inner angles.

I separate these five examples from my specimens of 7. yunn-
anensis on the following points :—

(1) Larger number of scales round the body ; (2) dorsals and
laterals strongly keeled ; (3) a single anterior loreal ; (4) praefrontals in
contact in all examples.

TROPIDOPHORUS THAI, sp. nov.*

Description of the type. Upper head shields rugose; a pair of
frontonasals, each one much longer than broad; a large azygos shield
separating the praefrontals and posterior part of the frontonasals ; anterior
portion of the frontal broken into two pieces, the total length of this
shield being as long as the frontoparietals and interparietal together ;
four supraoculars, first longest ; five supraciliaries anterior to the 4th
supraocular which enters th» supraciliary border; frontoparietals
shorter than interpyrietal, which separates the parietals; nostril
pierced in a single nasal; two anterior loreals, succeeded by two larger
ones; six supralabials, 46h largest and subocular ; temporals small and
acale-like, keeled ; postmantal single ; tympinum nearly as large’as the
eye opaning ; 33 scales round the body, dorsals and laterals strongly
keelad, scarcely mucronate; laterals smallest, the upper rows directed
obliquely upwards and backwards; gulars feebly keeled, ventrals
smooth ; a pric of large prasanals ; the adpressed limbs fail to meet by
the length of the hand ; subdigital lamellae smooth, 18 or 19 beneath
the 4th tos; tail a little lounger than the head and body, all its scales
keeled except the median lower series.

Light brown on the back, with a series of oblique yellowish
re V- ie pane small light spots on the sides; belly

1 The tails of these lizards are so fhin adil mutilated aa regrown, that
the measurements of total length give no true indication of the size of the
creature.

*Thai= Siamese, pronounced Tai.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHORUS IN SIAM. 227

brownish white, throat paler; lips black with whitish spots; tail above
as the back, below mottled white and dark brown.

Allied to 7. cochinchinensis Dum. & Bib., and 7. grayi Giinth.

Type. Anuthor’s number, 3105, collected at Pa Meang, Me
Wang, North Siam, in Oct. 1917, at about 2000 feet elevation.

Two more specimens are from the same locality. They differ
from the type in the foilowing particulars,

No. 3106. Anterior part of frontiul broken into four or five
pieces, parietals in contact behind the interparietal, 6 supraciliaries :
36 scales round the body ; the adpressed limbs just fail to meet.

No. 3215. Immature. Gular scales strongly, ventrals feebly,
keeled ; the hind limb reaches the wrist.

Dimensions. No. 3105 No. 3106 No. 3215
Total length 180 132 96
Tail 95 60 54
Length of head 16 14

Widtlr of head 12 10

Fore limb 18 16

Hind limb 25 24

TROPIDOPHORUS COCHINCHINENSIS Dum. & Bib.

Tropidophorus microlepis, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 76. Pl. x fig, A.

Giinther’s type of 7’. microlepis (a single specimen) is from
Chantaboon (Chartaboum), and no doubt it came from the neighbour-
ing hill of Khao Sebab, where Mouhot tells us he made considerabls
collections.!

I have 12 specimens obtained upon this hill, and 7 more which
were born in captivity.

Variation. The praefrontals form a good suture in 17 examples,

and have a small shield separating them in 2. There are two super-

1 ** Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China (Siam). Cambodia, and
Laos” By Henri Mouhout, The term Cambcja appears to have been used
somewhat loosely in the past, and it seems probable that many of Mouhot’s
specimens labelled with that name really came from Siam. His maps shew
that he travelled extensively in Siam and Laos, and only very little in Indo-
China.

VOI. TL. NO. Tit, Von9.

228 THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHORUS IN SIAM.

posed anterior loreals, the upper being the larger, and a series of small
scales (3 to 6) between the posterior loreal and the supralabials. 1

There are from 28 to 32 scales round the middle of the body,
the laterals being smallest and directed obliquely. Hach example has
three praeanal shields. :

The type of 7. cochinchinensis is from Cochin China, and was
possibly obtained at a considerable distance from Chantaboon. — It dif-
fers from the type of 7. mivcrolepis, and from all my specimens, in
having only two praeanal shields, and it may be, when more is known
about these lizards in Indo-China, that the two forms will have again
to be separated.

Two gravid females brought home and kept in captivity gave
birth to 7 and 9 young respectively, at the end of April. Total length
at birth, 56 to 60 mm., head and body, 26 to 30. Colour, light brown
above, with indistinct darker markings; sides blackish with small
white spots ; below whitish, throat thickly mottled with grey. Ven-
tral scales strongly keeled, the mothers having these shields quite

smooth.

| Gunther's figure gives only two loreals, an anterior and a posterior,

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

229

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
No. I.—Notes on two Kingfishers.

The Eastern Pied Kingfisher. Ceryle rudis leucomelanura.

Supplementing Mr. Williamson’s remarks (Vol. II, p. 330 of this
Journal) on the distribution of this bird, I can vouch for its presence
in fair numbers on the Petchaburi river in N. lat. 13°, some fifty miles
south of Bangkok. On the three rivers best known to me, the Petcha-
buri, the Meklong and the Me Ping, 1 have found the distribution of this
bird to be governed by the composition of the banks, dry earthen banks
being sometimes riddled with nest holes. In the rapids, where the
banks are of rock or shale, it is usually absent.

I omitted to get any specimens north of Raheng, but above that
point the birds seem bigger and with more pronounced crests.

The Indian Three-toed Kingfisher. Ceya triductyla.

Mr. Williamson (op. cit., p. 333) records only four specimens of
tridactyla as having been obtained in Siam. None of these were
obtained in heavy jungle, but since 50 °/, of them came to a bad end,
it would seem that they were rather out of their element in the hot
sunny plains. In April 1915, at Sai Yoke in western Siam, I had the
luck to observe a pair of these diminutive birds, and obtained one, the
female. This was in dense jungle at an elevation of 1500 feet, and the
pair were fishing in the héad of a tiny stream, at no place deeper than
an inch or so. They flew up and down to the water, perching and
jerking the head in the usual Kingfisher way.

Kk. G. Gairdner.
January, 1919.
No. II.—QOccurrence of the Burmese Barred-back Pheasant
(Phasianus humiae burmanicus) near Chiengmai, N. Siam.

Stuart Baker states (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. XXV,
No. 3, p. 357) that the eastern limit of P. h. burmanicus is not
certainly known beyond the Salwin river.

On 81st March, 1919, I shot an adult male at an elevation of
4350 feet on Doi Sutep, this mountain being situated some five miles
west of Chiengmai, Northern Siam, and about 100 miles east of the
Salwin. .

The bird was seen feeding in the evening, in fairly open oak or
pine jungle with a sparse undergrowth of coarse grass.

Measurements: “Head and body 370; tail 495; bill 34; wing
221; tarsus 75; spurs 22 mm.

The colours of the soft parts were: —Iris, chestnut brown, Bull,
greenish plumbeous. Legs, bluish plumbeous.

Ix. G. GAIRDNER.
June, 1919.

VOLO MI, NO MISTS:

230 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

No. III.—On the Breeding of the toad ufo macrotis.

In northern Siam the breeding season of this toad occurs in late
July and early August, when the skin of the male becomes smocth, and
changes from dark brown to quite a bright yellow colour, the female
retaining her normal characteristics. They are to be found in large
numbers in pools in or near small forest streams, the males invariably
preponderating. Three or four males may be seen paying very forcible
attention to one female. This year when with Mr. R, J. Chaldecott, we
founda dead female with both forearms torn off and a large open wound
on the beliy, and yet there were still three males attached to her. In
the same pond there were numerous other groups, consisting of several
males with but one female, and the noise they made could be heard a long
way off. I at first thought that the bright colouring must as suredly
attract the attention of their natural enemies, but when approached they
all become silent and looked extraordinarily like dead leaves floating on
the water. Ifthe males are separated from the females they very soon
resume their normal colouring, but although I kept them for several
days, their skin did not become warty, as it is out of the breeding
season.

From the above facts [came to the following conclusions :—
Firstly, that the colouring of the males is assumed originally as a
sexual attraction, and secondly, as the males, when disturbed, make no
attempt to escape, they use this colouring as a form of defensive
mimicry.

The only other case that I have come across of a batrachian
changing colour is that of Microhyla berdmorii, in which the red tinge
of the male becomes rather more intense during the breeding season.
As to the passionate wooing of tha males of B. macrotis, Darwin, in
his ‘* Descent of Man,” states that Dr. Giinther had ‘‘ several times ”
found an unfortunate female toad dead and smothered from “having
been so closely embraced by three or four males.”

It would be interesting to know if similar instances have been
observed in other species during their breeding season.

P, A. R. Barros.
November 1918,

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

231

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY.
oTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.

This was held on the 5th F ebruary, 1918, and was attended by
15 members and 5 guests.

The accounts for 1917 were presented and passed. A statement
as to the affairs of the Society during the year was made by the Presi-
dent, Mr. W. J. F. Williamson, in which he mentioned that the Society
then numbered 79 members, an increase of two on the previous year.

On the proposal of Mr. Brewitt-Taylor, seconded by Mr.
Lambert, the officers of the Society for 1917 were re-elected en bloc ;
and on the proposal of Mr. Nunn, seconded by Mr. Lambert, Dr. Smith
and Mr. Williamson were again elected Editors of the Journal.

Dr. Smith moved a resolution that “ Persons of enemy nation-
ality shall no longer be eligible for membership of the Society.” Dis-
cussion took place as to whether the resoulution would cover present
members of enemy nationality of the Society, and an alteration to the
resolution was ultimately proposed by Mr. Lambert, miking the reso-
lution run as follows :—‘ That the names of persons of enemy nation-
ality, who are now members of the Society,-be struck off the list of
members, and that persons of enemy nationality shall no longer be
eligible for membership of the Society” This was accepted by Dr.
Smith. The motion was opposed by Mr. Cable on the ground that the
Society was a Society for scientific research, and as such should wel-
come contributions from any source irrespective of the nationality of
the investigator. The motion, as amended, having been seconded by
Mr. Lambert, was put to the vote and earried by 7 votes to 3, a number
of those present not voting.

This concluded the business part of the meeting, and a display
of specimens by the following members then took place:—by Mr.
Williamson, a collection of birds from Nong Kae, 8. W. Siam; by Dr.
Smith, a large number of sea snakes collected in the Gulf of Siam and
upon the coasts of the Malay Peninsula; while Mr. Godfrey gave an
interesting display of butterflies,

2nd ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING, 1918.

This was held on the 19th June, 1918, and attended by 19
members and 9 guests.

Dr. Smith exhibited a series of reptiles and batrachians obtain-
ed by him on a recent visit to sotthern Annam, and gave an account
of the country visited, illustrated by maps and a number of photo-
graphs. Mr Williamson exhibited some new or noteworthy Siamese
birds and birds’ eggs, and Mr. Gudfrey shewed a collection of spiders
and scorpions.

3kD ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING.

This was held on the 4th December, 1918, and attended by 18
members and 9 guests. Mr. Th. H. Lyle exhibited a small co!lection of

VOL. IIT, NO. IIT, 1919.

232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY.

mammals from Koh Lak, including a Siamese hare, golden back
squirrels, and tree shrews. Dr. Smith gave an exhibition of the
turtles and tortoises of Siam, his collection including almost all the
species known to inhabit the country.

Mr. Williamson shewed some of the rarer Pangkok birds.
Several other members also contributed to the meeting.

Gro ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.

This was held on the 26th February, 1919, and was attended by
15 members and 5 guests.

The report and accounts for 1918, showing a present member-
ship of 61, and a balance in hand of Tes. 706, were presented and
adopted. Mr. KW. G. Herbert was elected a member of the Committee
in place of Mr. G. E. Webb, and Mr. C. L. Groundwater was elected an
additional member of the Committee, the remaining members of the Com-
mittee, including the officers of the Society and EK litors of the Journal,
heing re-elected en bloc. A suggestion was made by Mr. A. J. Irwin
that, besides papers being printed in the Journal, they should also be
read at meetings of the Society, in order that there might be an
opportunity for discussion. This was approved, Dr. Smith remarking
that the reading of papers had always been welcomed by the Com-
mittee, but that so far very few members had come forward for this
purpose.

Upon the conclusion of the business part of the meeting Mr.
Godfrey exhibited a collection of butterflies ; Dr. Smith shewed speci-
mens of the Siamese crocodile, and compared it with other closely
allied species. Mr. Williamson shewed a small collection of birds
recently obtained on the coast of Cambodia, including two specimens
of the rare Ibis (Thaumatilis gigantea),

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, STAM.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.
On MAMMALS COLLECTED IN Sram. By C. Boden Kloss, F.z.S.
With two Plates. ms a7 Pe ste SOO
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FORMED BY Mr. E. G.
HERBERT, C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U. By E. C. Stuart Baker, F.L.s.,
F.25.,M0B,0,U. °... ode Be Mi eee ap ven 409

On A New Form or WuiteE-EYE FRoM SiAmM. By H. C. Robinson
and C. Boden Kloss. a: Ri 5 we, eae

NOTES ON SOME RECENTLY DESCRIBED SIAMESE BiRDS. By
C. Boden Kloss, M.B.0.U.... eh or rec i

NOTE ON A COLLECTION OF ODONATA FROM SouTH ANNAM.
By Major F. C. Fraser, 1M.s. (With one text-figure). ... 455

“On BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED BY MALco~m A. SMITH AND C.,
BoDEN KLoss IN SOUTHERN ANNAM. By E. J. Godfrey,
B.S¢., F.E.S. +5 Cae a fe aie) es

THE

JOURNAL

OF THE

Natural History Society of Siam.

Volume ITI. BANGKOK. Number 4.

ON MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM.
BY C. BopEN K1toss, F.z.S.

( With two plates. )

Geographical :—Description of districts visited.
Systematic :—
Preshytis argenteus, nov.
P. cristata koratensis, subsp. nov.
Macaca nemestrina indochinuesis, subsp. nov.
M. trus atriceps, subsp. nov.
Viverricula malaccensis thai, subsp. nov.
Tupaia glis cambodiana, subsp. nov.
T’. glis olivacea, subsp. nov.
Tamiops macelellandi liantis, subsp. nov.
Menetes berdmorei peninsularis, subsp. noy.
Rattus rajah koratis, sabsp. nov.
R. rajuh kramis, subsp. nov.
Rattus rattus lanensis, subsp. nov.
it. rattus kramensis, subsp. nov.
R. rattus mesanis, subsp. nov.
fh. rattus loratensis, subsp. nov.
Bandicota siamensis. nov.
Capricornis sumatraensis annectens, subsp. nov.

Four squirrels in the present collection were also new :—
Sciurus caniceps inexpectatus, mihi.
S. atrodorsalis pranis, mihi.
S. atrodorsalis tachin, mihi.
S. jinlaysont trottert, mihi,
They are described in full here, but the names and prelim-
inary diagnoses were first published in the Journal of the Natural
History Society of Siam, Vol. IT, p. 178 (Dee. 1916).

334 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

In 1916 I again spent some local leave in Siam, arriving in
Bangkok at the end of September with three Dyak assistants by
whose aid 340 specimens of mammals, 420 of birds* and smaller
series of reptiles and batrachians were obtained in about thirty-
three days of collecting.

At Bangkok I was told I had arrived at about the worst
time possible for collecting, since near the end of the year the rains
are at their worst, the low-lying parts of the country flooded and the
streams and rivers much swollen. This, indeed, I found to be the
case ; we were everywhere stopped by floods ; and instead of collecting
at chosen localities we had to work at places where one finally
starts for these. We were hardly in forest at any time, and owing
to the fact that the state of the country made it almost impossible
for us to reach good collecting-ground in the districts I visited, if we
were to do any collecting at all in the time available, the results are
much smaller than perhaps they would have been in more favourable
circumstances. When I left Siam towards the end of November,
conditions had begun to improve rapidly: it was the time when our
visit should have commenced.

I first spent a night at Lopburi to get hares, and arrived at
Korat on September 30th, with the intention of travelling eastward
down the Nam Mun towards Ubon, but could not get to the river
because the intervening country was flooded to a depth greater than
the height of the floor of our bullock-carts. We therefore started south-
eastwards towards the mountains, where good forest was reported
three or four days away, for I hoped we should travel over rising
ground in that direction; but on the second day progress was stopped
by wide and deep inundations. As the country through which we
passed was covered with scrub, bamboo, or open jungle, in which we
saw scarcely any signs of mammals or birds, there was no induce-
ment to nake a camp; so we returned immediately to Korat. It
was impossible not to admire the way in which the Siamese “kwien”
(a bullock-cart built without a scrap of metal of any sort ) negotiat-
ed the floods and the, in many places, appalling tracks through the

its Vide Ibis. 1918, January, pp. 76-114; April, pp. 189-234.

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

“MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 335

roadless bush. Outside the wheels of these carts two slightly
curved stringers extend from back to front and, where the ruts of
the track are too deep for the wheels to touch bottom, the “kwien”
in able to proceed for short distances on these runners; they also
keep it from tipping over.

From Korat we went back westward about thirty miles to
Lat Bua Kao. From the village gently rising forested hills, which
I had planned to visit, were visible to the south; but heavy rain,
followed by a 25-foot rise of a river between, and the washing away
of the only bridge, put an end to hopes in that direction, and we
had to be content with working the country to the north of the
village. This consisted of scrub and bamboo and a few patches of
very poor dense forest which harboured scarcely any vertebrates.
After a fortnight, interest in this locality began to diminish and we
returned to Bangkok. Wild cattle (probably Bos bantenq), serow and
deer occur near Lat Bua Kao, but none were met with.

Next I went to Srirvacha, on the west coast of the Inner Gulf
and, hiring a mat-sailed “rua-pet” about 35 feet long, visited the
islands to the south (Koh Lan, Koh Kram) as far as Koh Mesan,
off Cape Liant, and spent two or three days ashore at the village of
Satahip in Shelter Bay, before returning to Bangkok again after
ten days’ absence. The fauna of the little islands was, of course,
very poor, but some interesting races of mammals were obtained.

The next collecting place was the village of Pak Bu, in the
rice-fields near the mouth of the Tachin River, or Nam Supan,
about twenty miles west of Bangkok; only three or four days were
spent in this locality as it was soon exhausted.

The final excursion was a ten days’ visit to Koh Lak, situa-
ted on the west coast of the Gulf of Siam in about Lat. 11°50’ N.;
again floods cut us off from the forest and the hills, and confined us
to the open country near the shore.

Thus the collections made largely illustrate the more or less
open country of Siam, and provide in some ways an interesting con-
trast to the results of my former visit, which were obtained in the
forested country to the south-east (P.Z.S, 1916, pp. 27—75).

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

336 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

The two places where most specimens were obtained were
Lat Bua Kao and Koh Lak. The former is in east Siam about
thirty miles west of Korat and just within the eastern foot of the
hills which separate the slightly elevated, shallow basin of eastern
Siam from the central Siam plain and the Menam river-system.
My visit was made in October.

Koh Lak, in the Province of Rajaburi ( Ratburi ) south-western
Siam, is on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, a little south of
the latitude of Mergui. The town is now called Prachuap Kirikan ;
but the other name is so much better known that I have continued
to employ it, though it really applied to some small limestone islets
lying a few hundred yards from the shore. “Koh” means island,
but in this instance all my collections were obtained on the main-
land; in all other cases where the word occurs in this paper the
specimens recorded are insular. I stayed at Koh Lak in Novem-
ber.

The divisions of Siam which I have use (Central, Eastern,
etc.) are as defined in P.Z.S. 1916, p. 64, and Journ. N. H. Soe.
Siam, I, p. 250 and map, except that - following Dr. Malcolm Smith,
Jouru. N. H. 8. Siam, Il, p. 49-I have now divided the longer
continuous strip there called Western and Peninsular Siam into
three areas, and call the middle portion South-western Siam. The
new division lies between the reduced areas of the other two, and
stretches from the Petchaburi River to the Isthmus of Kra - roughly
speaking, between latitudes 13° and 10°30'N. Western and south-
western Siam are therefore conterminous with the Burmese pro-
vince of Tenasserim; while Peninsular Siam is restricted to the
northern part of the Malay Peninsula below the Isthmus of Kra,
and has the Malay States to the south of it.

[ am indebted to Mr. Oldfield Thomas for the determina-
tion of the Crocidura and the four species of Microchiroptera
obtained.

There are several printer's errors in the account of the
Mammals obtained on my earlier visit (Proceedings of the Zoological
Society, 1916, pp. 27-75) which I take this opportunity to correct.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 337

Page 28 line 31. For Klun — read Klum.
sper Bae » Koh Si_,, Koh Si Chang.
» aa fo aa. 3 paler ,» darker.
RCL») ee 8 between on and islands insert large
jor animals read islands.
9 delete forms
, for those read the homes
NPAs AY) 23>, Siem » saigon.
ott Bae... p@rhove.’,Celyth).
EOE ee a POOR je LAKE
UG 08) 28 ltd oS G6U ee De
PORLGY (te 9 ,, Mennaw ,, Menao.
ER REA TG) ONE | A
Pages 66-75. Measurements of rodents (squirrels and rats) :—
jor Condylo-basal read Condylo-basilar
» Palatal » Palatilar.
(as in the present paper).
Regarding the rats of which measurements are given on
p. 59 in the Proceedings; of the specimens previously determined
by Thomas as lerdmore?, that from Thagata, Tenasserim, has since
become the type of Rattus berdimorei mullulus Thomas, while the
Manipur, and probably the Bhamo, specimens are now Jeattus
manipulus Thomas (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. XXIV, pp.
412-414),
Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States,
February 1918.

PRIMATES.
1. Presbytis obscura smithi.
Presbytis obscura smithi Kloss, Journ Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, IT,
p. 5 (1916).
fey Stiga Gairdner, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, I, p. 116

2 2 ad. Koh Lak.
The pale fore-arms and tail and silvery white hind-limbs, in
sharp contrast with the body and feet, render this race of obscura by

VOL, Ill, NO. 4, 1919,

338 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

far the most striking of the forms into which the species has been
divided.

The darkest and most concolorous animals occur about the
latitudes of Penang and Kedah, and the races become more variega-
ted as they recede from that locality both to the north and south-
wards ; but animals from the latter region do not attain the contras-
ting colours which are so marked in the present subspecies. The
description of the typical form applies perfectly to examples from
the extreme south, and Cantor's statement regarding its habitat,
“district adjacent to Singapore, Malayan Peninsula” (Journ, Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, xv, 1846, p. 174) may be taken as indicating the
typical locality.

In colour these two females agree perfectly with the male
which is the type of the sabspecies,! except that in one of them the
median area of the upptr back is paler; their skulls are smaller and
have considerably smaller rostrums.

Mr. K. G. Gairdner has found P. obsewra ( identified im itt, as
the present race ) generally distributed in the province of Petcha-
buri, but states that it is not found in Siam north of Lat. 13° 20°.

Gyldenstolpe (Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl, 57, No. 2 p. 5.
1916) records P. 0. jlavicauda (Elliot) from Koh Lak and P. o.
haloniger (Cantor) from Koh Lak Paa (Koh Lak forest), which is
within a day’s walk of the former place. Apart from the improba-
bility of finding two such geographical races in the same district,
halonifer is the name given to a local form from Penang Id., and that
identification, at least, is not likely to be correct. The present
females and the type have been compared with series of both those
forms and all three races differ considerably.

Méasurements :—See table posteu.

2. Presbytis argenteus, nov.

Presbytis phayre’, Gairdner, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 1, p. 252
(1915).

'ypes. Adult male and female (skins and skulls), Nos. 2144

1 By an error in the original description the type was stated to be
a female.

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 339

and 2127/C.B.K. Collected at Lat Bua Kao, East Siam on 8th
and 11th October, 1916.

Characters. A grey leaf-monkey with dark hands and feet;
pelage not grizzled. A whorl of hair on the occiput and an erect
crest, forming either an upstanding tuft or a median ridge.

Colour. Male:—A row of stiff black hairs above the eyes,
Crown and temples somewhat fuscous. Whiskers, shoulders and
upper parts nearly neutral-grey slightly washed with wood-brown
giving a general colour-effect of silvered mouse-grey. Rump, lower
limbs and base of tail silvery, rest of tail deep mouse-grey slightly
washed with wood-brown and silvered ; front of thighs deep mouse-
grey ; feet brownish-black. Throat, chest and forelimbs deep mouse-
grey, the latter gradually darkening over the forearms to brownish
black on the hands. Abdomen and inner side of upper arms
slightly paler than chest, the inner sides of the forearms darker but
less so than on their outer aspect.

Type female as in the male, but the whiskers and upper
surface — especially the occiput, neck and shoulders — paler, more
silvery and with the wood-brown wash very distinct on the median
line of the upper back, while the undersurface is also paler, being
of a yellowish silvery tone. The feet are slightly grizzled.

A slightly younger female (2128), and a juvenile female
(2129), are rather deeper mouse-grey than the male, and more
washed above with wood-brown than either of the types; in the
older of the two the thighs are also washed with wood-brown and
the distal half of the tail is tinged beneath with ferruginous. A
yet more juvenile male (2130) is darker still, being almost deep
quaker-drab and scarcely silvered at all, except on the chest, which
is silvery white.

These animals might alternatively perhaps be described as
quaker-drab, but their colour is difficult to express as it varies with
the incidence of light, and the above descriptions have been drawn
up with the specimens placed near a window, heads pointing to the
left.

Measurements. External measurements of the types taken in

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919,

340 MR. ©. BODEN KLOSS ON

the flesh :—head and body, 575, 498; tail 810, 775; hind-foot, s.u.
178, 159; ear, 37, 34.

Skulls :—greatest length, 108, 95; basal length, 75.5, 70;
zygomatic breadth, 78, 71.4; upper tooth-row excluding incisors
(alveoli), 33.5, 32. For other measurements see table postea.

Specimens examined. Two adult males, three adult females
and two juveniles. all from the type locality.

Remarks. This leaf-monkey also occurs in Western Siam
from Sisawat (vide Gairdner Joc cit.) to Raheng, from which neigh-
bourhood I have received a skin collected by Messrs. Elwes and
Yates. It is probably Tickell’s S. phayrei from “ east of Moulmein,”
of which a description and figure are given by Blanford (Faun.
Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 41, fig. 10).

Freshytis phayrei (Blyth) of Arakan (of which I have
examined the type series in the Indian Museum) is a very different
animal, being white or yellowish white below and brown elsewhere,
paler and silvery across the shoulders and darker or blackish on
the forehead and the extremities of the limbs. Its crest is an
erect compressed ridge curling slightly backwards, but the hair of

the head shows no sign of radiating.

3. Presbytis cristata koratensis, subsp. nov.

Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 2136/C. B. K.
Collected at Lat Bua Kao, east Siam on October, 1916.

Characters. A silyered greyish leaf-monkey, much lighter in
colour than P. germaini (M-Edw.) and without the white nuchal
band and bluish tinge of P. margarita (Blliot).!

No crest nor whorl of hair on the head of the type. A
fringe of stiff black hairs immediately above the “eyes. Anterior
hairs of crown curling forwards and downwards ; whiskers first
directed backwards, then forwards and downwards; the ears com-
pletely hidden by them and by the long hairs of the sides of the
neck. Hair of crown and occiput growing mostly backwards and

! Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) IV, p. 271 (1909).

Pygathric margarita, EMiot, Review of the Primates, III, p. 8),

pl. 2 (1923).

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, STAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 341

downwards, the latter slightly lengthened but not forming a pad or
cap.

Colour. Sides of face, chin and whiskers silvery, the latter
slightly tinged with buff. Upper parts deep fuscous-grey ( the roots
of the hairs deep mouse-grey ) much grizzled or frosted by the
silvery tips of the hairs, the median line of shoulders and back
darkest. Hair of shoulders and sides with neutral grey bases and
silvery tips, that on the sides being longer and much paler.

Outer sides of forelimbs less frosted on the upper arm than
the shoulders, and gradually darkening over the forearm to clear
black on the hands. Hind-limbs like the sides on their outer aspect,
the front of the thigh darker; the lower leg very silvery; feet
sharply contrasting, black very slightly grizzled.

Throat, lower parts of body and inner sides of limbs buffy-
silvery to pale neutral grey.

Tail black thoughout and slightly grizzled, the upper surface
darkest (when entirely unworn many more of the hairs probably
have silvery tips ), base of the undersurface buffy-silvery.

There is the usual sex-mark of the female:—a large white
crescentic skin patch extending from below the callosities down the
inner side of either thigh.

Skull and teeth. Agree with those of P. germaini except that
the ascending ramus of the mandible is narrower.

Measurements. External measurements taken in the flesh :—
head and body 495; tail, 795 ; hind-foot, s. u., 152; ear, 37. Skull :-—
greatest length, 95 ; basal length, 68; upper tooth row excluding in-
cisors (alveoli ), 29 ; zygomatic breadth, 70.

Specimens examined, One, the type.

Remarks. Our knowledge of the silvered leaf-monkeys is
not complete, and the relationships of the various forms is still
somewhat obscure, but the present animal is related to P. germaint
which is really only a local form of P. cristata ( Raffles ).

I have been able to examine a series of these monkeys from
Indo-China and Malaysia; they are germaini from S. E. Siam;

VOL. Tih, NO. 4°1919,

342 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

mandibularis® from Koh Chang Id,, S. E. Siam; cristata from
Sumatara ; pullufat from Bintang Id., Rhio Archipelago, ultimay
from Borneo, and finally animals from the Federated Malay States.
The latter seem to have a similar skull and exactly the same
colour as ultima from which, on the series available, they can only
be distinguished by the form of crest: this in Bornean animals
grows backwards, coming to a point on the occiput, while in
Malayan examples it is erect, forming a distinct tuft or ridge. The
difference seems to be of no importance as, of two specimens of
mandibularis, one has an upstanding tuft and the other has the hair
on occiput and nape as in /oratensis but rather more lengthened.
The range of the Malayan animal appears to be very limited, as it is
only known from the stretch of coast between Penang and Malacca
on the west side of the Peninsula.

P. pulluta was described as being darker than cristata and
with smaller teeth. I have little doubt, however, that comparison
was made with Malayan animals, which were sent home with it,
and not with typical Sumatran individuals; for on comparing ex-
amples of it with a specimen of the latter, the only difference I can
detect is that the general colour-effect of the dorsal pelage is
brownish black rather than greyish black as in eristutu. The fol- ~
lowing Key illustrates the differences shown by all these races as
far as colour is concerned; the species becomes paler as it goes
northward :—

A. Blackish, only slightly silvery, base of fur
greyish-black.
a. whiskers blackish, only slightly tipped

with silvery; throat blackish.
a) darker colouring greyish-black DP. ¢. cristata,
1 darker colouring brownish-black P. ¢ pullata,

}. whiskers pale, nearly silvery through-

out; throat pale grey.

* Kloss, P. Z. 8., 1916, p 32.

+Thomas and Wroughton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) UL,
p, 439 (1909).

t Elliot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 38, p. 351 (1910).

JOURN. NAT, TLIST. SOC, STAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 343

al thighs very silvery DP. ec. germaini.

b1 thighs less silvery, blackish P. c. mandibularis,
B. Very silvery, base of fur neutral-grey;

whiskers and throat silvery P. ¢. koratensis.

C. Paler than A, darker than B: whiskers inter-
mediate between Aa and Ab: throat
grizzled, P. ¢. ultima.
( Borneo and Malay States ).
4. Macaca nemestrina indochinensis, subsp. nov.
Macaca anlamanensis, Kloss, P. Z.8. 1916, p. 30; id. Journ. N. H.
Soc. Siam, IT, p. 2 (1916).

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No. 2148/C.B.K. Col-
lected at Lat Bua Kao, East Siam on 12th October 1916.

Characters. Like Macaca nemestrina adusta Miller, of South
Tenasserim* but of duller colour, lacking the russet hue of the
latter on back and shoulders, facial ruff less annulated, buttocks and
sub-caudal region paler; but with a more distinct dark line down
the back.

Colour. A whorl of hairs on the vertex. A few stiff black
hairs above the eyes; crown blackish brown sharply margined in front
and narrowing to a point on the forehead, but fading on the occiput
into the colour of the nape: sides of face, temples and whiskers
pale greyish buff; anterior parts of the ear-ruffs tipped with black-
ish brown. Nape, shoulders, outer sides of upper arms and anterior
half of back mummy-brown annulated with ochraceous; posterior
half of back duller and darker, mummy-brown annulated with buffy ;
from behind the shoulders an indefinite median line of clove-brown
continued to the tail which is blackish brown on the upper surface,
entirely so at the tip and pale isabelline below elsewhere. Forearms
markedly annulated buff and fuscous: hindlimbs, which are
browner, like the rump but the grizzling very faint on the shins.
Buttocks and an indistinct tuft on either side of the tail-root buffy
white. Fore-digits clove-brown and hindfeet largely so. Ears white
hair above and behind them, throat, chest and inner sides of arms
greyish white. Abdomen pale brownish grey.

* Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus, xxix, p. 559, pls. xiii-xvii, (1906),
VOL. LI, NO. 4, 1919.

344 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

This male differs from the females whose appearance I have
recorded under M. andamanensis (1. ¢. 8.) in having the top of the
head, median line of back and the extremities darker; limbs greyer
throat chest and buttocks whiter; abdomen coarsely but indistinctly
annulated ; and size much greater.

It is fully adult with the teeth begining to show signs of
wear and is a trifle larger than the type of M. x. adusta—the hind
foot notably so; it is also, judgimg by the approximation of the
muscular ridges on the parietals (18 mm.) a little older, but the form
of the skull and its measurements and characters are in markedly
close agreement. In connection with it I have examined a series
of pig-tailed macaques (males) from the Malay Peninsula; all those
from the Malay States, ie., the South, are either Macaca nemestrina
(typical locality, Sumatra) or a slightly modified form; and are
characterised by long muzzles, black crowns, and backs so blackened
(though the spread of the latter colour is variable) that the black
tail forms no contrast. Of two males from Trang, Peninsular Siam,
however, one is a typical southern animal in every respect; the other
approaches wdusta in colour as regards the reduction of the black
element, though without the bright rufous suffusion; but its
muzzle, though shorter than in wemestrina, is not modified to the
same extent as in Tenasserim animals. Trang may therefore be
regarded as the locality where intermediates between the two forms
oceur,

I have also been able to compare my specimen with a male
example of M. andumanensis Bartlett. The latter is the type of
M. leonina Blyth, and was at one time mounted and exhibited, and
owing to exposure its colour is now much deteriorated: it is, how-
ever, even more annulated than indochinensis, and the median line
of the back was apparently not darkened or, if so, yet so slightly
that annulations are clearly visible! ; otherwise the general ex-

1. Anderson, however, (Zoolegical Researches in Yunnan, p. 52),
says that “/eon/nus” has a dark median line on the lower half of the back
and that above the tail there are no annulations: but these features are
not mentioned in his descriptions of Blyth’s specimen (Cat. Mammals Indian
Mas., I, p 71), and the later account in the “Researches” is perhaps drawn
up from an Trawadi specimen showing gradation towards J, adusta.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 345

ternal appearance of both seems very similar. There are the
same distinct pale tufts on either side the root of the tail, though
the tuft at the end is reddish in anduwmanensis; the hairs of the
upper back and shoulders are no longer than in nemestrina, adusta
and indochinensis, and the so-called “horseshoe-shaped crest” is
similar —this latter appears to have been much exaggerated in
descriptions and illustrations. The limbs are apparently shorter
but proportionately stouter, and the skull (according to Anderson,
for that of the present example is now missing) had the face more
vertical and the muzzle much shorter (Zool. Res., p. 58, figs 1 and 2).
The main differential characters therefore seem to be :—-

1. Muzzle elongated; back much blackened; annulations
coarser and less distinct, and the area covered ky them not forming
such a large proportion of the pelage ; limbs longer....nemestrinu.

2. Muzzle modified and tapering; back only © slightly
blackened on the median line; annulations finer and markedly
present over a large area; limbs as in wemestrina (a) shoulders bright
russet...adustu. (b) shoulders only tinged with dull russet
...dndochinensis,

3. Muzzle much reduced and shortened, resulting in a much
more vertical face ; median line of back scarcely blackened; pelage
much annulated nearly everywhere; limbs apparently stouter and
shorter....audamunensis.

In spite of the cranial and other differences it is indubitable
that all are only subspecies of nemestrina.

In previous papers on Siamese mammals I recorded as
M. andamanensis two females which evidently belong to the present
form, one of which came from a locality but a few miles distant
from Lat Bua Kao. I did this, however, with some hesitation
because of the difficulty in identifying solitary females of these
monkeys of which no good account existed, and it was solely
because descriptions and measurements “(Zool. Res., pp. 53, 55)
regarded by Anderson as those of wnduwimuaiensis so closely applied,
that my specimens were placed under that name, adusta being
rejected in faith of Elliot’s statement that the females were without

VOL. Ill, No. f, 1919.

346 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

conspicuous annulations on the upper parts and presented a
striking contrast to the males (Review of the Primates II, p. 207).
As the second of these females came from the extreme south-east
of Siam, the range of indochinensis may be taken as covering the
southern half of that country east of the Chao Phya river.

The teeth of this race are somewhat variable; for instance
small extra tubercles are developed on both sides of the upper
molars of the female principally at the ends of the transverse
channel between the main cusps, but they are only present on the
inner sides of m2 and m* in the male. The latter has, however, a
large cusp forming a marked heel in both posterior molars, espe-
cially large in the lower, and this is entirely lacking in the female.

Dimensions of the adult male:—Collector’s external mea-
surements taken in the flesh: head and body, 525 (555)!; tail, 250
(230); hind-foot, s.u., 179 (163). Skull:—Greatest length, 138
(136): condylo-basal -length 108.5 (-); basal length, 97.5 (-);
palatal length, 64 (—-); maxillary tooth-row including canine,
alveoli, 46.5 (46.8); diameter of upper canine at alveolus 10 (10);
diameter of last upper molar, 9.7 x 8.2? (9.6 x 9.0); front of orbit to
gnathion, 52.8 (53.8); front of orbit to posterior point of skull,
943 (89.7); greatest breadth of muzzle above the canines, 31 (— );
greatest breadth of rostrum above m3, 43 (—); zygomatic breadth
95.2 (94); breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 67.2. (64.4);
depth of braincase between extremity of frontal and lower edge of
condyle, 58.3 (59); length of mandible, 98 (100); mandibular tooth
row including canine, alveoli, 51 (53).

5. Macaca irus.
Macacus irus, F. Guv. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat, Paris, IV, p. 120,
(1818).

Macaca irus, Kloss, P.Z.8. 1916, p, 31,

1d juv., 19% juv. Lat Bua Kao,

Two. dull-ccloured animals with radiating crests.

1 Measurements in parentheses those of the type of J/. », adusta from
Champang, 8. Tenasserim, U. 8S. N. M. No, 124023,

2 Crowns.

3 to posterior point of braincase.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, S1AM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 347

The specific name for the crab-eating monkey of S. E. Asia
and the Malay Islands is Macaca irus Cuvier (syn. fusciculuris Raffles,
vide Cabrera, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) VI, p. 620). I have not
seen sufficient material from Sumatra (typical locality ) to show
whether the animals of the mainland are subspecifically distinct; a
fairly large collection of the latter, however, may be divided rough-
ly as follows :—

1. Of twenty-five examples from the Malay Peninsula north
of Lat 9°, Tenasserim, East and South-east Siam, and small islands
off the coasts, all are dull-coloured animals having no tone of bright
ochraceous in their upper parts.

| 2. Of forty-five specimens from the Peninsula south of Lat.
8° and neighbouring small islands, the majority (especially regarding
the islands) have a decided ochraceous tone on the head and back,
sometimes so intense as to be ferruginous: but there are a few
which are indistinguishable from northern examples

Such a distinction, however, seems to be of no value; as
Blanford states that both dark coloured and golden rufous animals
are found in Burma; it is from one of the latter that M. aureus Is.
Geoffr., is described.

Elliot has given names to a number of macaques recently :
Pithecus capitulis seems to have been based merely on a very large
specimen from Trang, Peninsular Siam, and a topotype can be
exactly matched by an example from Singapore, to animals from
which island the same author has given the name. Pithecus dollmanni.
Pithecus validus “is stated to have come from Cochin China,” and
P. vitiis is attached to a specimen from Domel Id, Mergui Arche-
pelago.

6. Macaca irus atriceps, subsp. nov.

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No. 2283/C.B.K. Collect-
ed on Koh Kram Id. near Cape Liant, S. E. Siam on 30th October
1916.

Characters. A very distinct race of M,. irus Cuv., with much
black in the pelage, a black area on the crown and the basal half of
the tail blackened above. A slight occipital crest. Bare skin of

VOL. III, NO, 4, 1919.

348 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

face and buttocks brightly coloured.

Colour. Upper parts of neck and body, shoulders, outer
sides of forelimbs and outer parts of upper thighs a grizzle of black
and buff, the annulations becoming finer and the buff paler on the
thighs and forelimbs; the nape darkest. Feet and lower part. of
thighs externally mouse-grey, darkest on the feet, the thighs very
faintly annulated with pale buffy. Hairs on all digits pale smoke-
grey; the hands dark fuscous, scarcely spotted. Lips and ears,
sides of neck and body, entire underparts, inner sides of limbs,
buttocks and lower side of tail smoke-grey. Upper side of tail
brownish black basally, becoming gradually paler towards the tip
where it is fuscous. Crown with a black elliptical area, about 50 x
40 mm., slightly grizzled in the centre. Temples and cheeks buffy
grey beset with black hairs. Base of fur on neck and_ back
blackish-brown.

Bare skin of face red-brown, eyelids bluish-pink, abdomen
bluish-white, skin about anus plumbeous-blue, scrotum brownish ;
callosities pale bluish, or yellowish-fleshy.

Skull and teeth. This race is distinguished by the large
rostrum and mandible and by the great size of the teeth. In males
the tooth-rows are only slightly arched and the greatest breadth
across them is at #2; in females they are extremely arched and
adjacent posteriorly, and the greatest breadth is at m.! The type
and a second male (2284) have marked sagittal crests.

Specimens evanvined. Four adults and one juvenile male;
two adults, one sub-adult and one juvenile female.

Remarks, This macaque appears to have some resemblance
to Macuca validus (Elliot)* stated to have come from Cochin-China
which also has the crown and upper part of tail black at base, but
otherwise its colour seems very different, validus being a brighter
and browner animal with olive tones on the limbs, The skulls
seem to be much alike, but the teeth of atriceps are larger, though
the mandible is much shorter (if the measurements given by Elliot
are correct ; often they are not ).

* Pitheeus validus Elliot, Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8) IV p. 252
(1909),

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 349

Measurements of Macaca irus atriceps.

No. ri ..-| 2283 | 2284 | 2285 | 2282 | 2288 | 2286 | 2287
LA

Sex. wee rece Sad.| dad.| dad. } Qad. | Qad. | Qsub

ad.

Head and body, measured
in flesh ...] 465] 425

Tail ' | 550) 545) 540) 515] 475, 480) 475
Hitid foot, su. ,, al 1944) 130 182) 199), bi 76.105, We
Bar i tel aa 28 ae a aS ae

Skull and teeth :—

Greatest length ..{ 120} 117 |116-5/113.5] 106] 103] 99

Basil length ih STP GL S Ba ead TT la Bee

Palatal length ea ete el Pees 1, 8) 49.5) | ad

Zygomatic breadth Fp Baea | ee T | eae = 69.51 68
| {

Upper tooth row excluding )
incisors . ...| 42 39.5 42! 40.24 36.1] 36.1] 35

Upper molar series only. 4.31, 33.1 1532.01 34.3} 32.7 32! 30.6 31

m2 — m? externally a 37.1) 36.2} 37.0] 35.7] —); 34.4| 33.8
Lower tooth row excluding | | | |
incisors... 46.5) 44.6) 48.4 44] 40.6 —: 39
|
q H

Lower molav series only vs] 39.8| 38| 41.1 | 38 37| —1 34

Length of mandible ...| 86.21 86] 88.2/ 85.3

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

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JOURN, NAT,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 351

One male (2285) is rather more warmly coloured than the
rest of the series, the yellow in the upper pelage being ochraceous-
buff and the speckling of the fore-limbs correspondingly brighter,
but otherwise it agrees.

I did not obtain any monkeys on the coast adjacent to Koh
Kram so it is impossible to say yet whether this is an insular race
or has a greater range: animals from Korat and Chantabun do not
resemble it. It is a striking looking macaque on account of its black
cap and bright skin colours, the face being such a red-brown that
the collector who first saw it reported that M.rufescens, with
which he was acquainted, was in the neighbourhood. The skin
colours of the females differ slightly from those of the males, in that
the teats are bluish-pink, the skin surrounding both anus and cal-
losities is plum-coloured an1 the callosities are dull pale yellow and
bluish mixed.

The slight up-standing occipital crest is sometimes rather
irregular and twisted; it is generally produced by the radiation of
the hair from two closely adjacent points.

CARNIVORA.
7. Felis bengalensis.

Felis bengalensis, Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 151 (1792); Flower,
P. Z. S. 1900, p. 325; Gyldenstolpe, Arkiv. fir Zoologi, 8, No.
23, p. 25 (1914); Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, ILI, p. 51
(1918).

Felis tenasserimensis, Gray, P. Z. S., 1867, p. 400.

1 2 adult, Koh Lak.

A very dull-coloured specimen; general colour above dull,
slightly greyish buff, rather brighter on limbs and sides, the head,
neck and median line of back tinged with ochraceous-tawny. The
hlack spots on the sides are generally situated at the posterior end
of indistinct ochraceous-tawny patches which sometimes connect
two or three spots together; spots on the limbs rounder and very
small at the extremities; two large elongate ochraceous-tawny
areas on the shoulders nearly surrounded by black. Upper surface
of tail like the back with dark brown spots, a few narrow bands at

the tip. Markings on head, neck and ears normal.

VOL. 111, NO. 4, 1919.

352 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Below white with bold blackish markings; underside of tail
slightly buffy, markings obsolete. Lower sides of forefeet pale
butfy grey, of hindfect dark brown; inner sides of hindfeet whitish.

Measurements :—head and body, 500; tail, 290; hindfoot,
111, ear, 45. Skull:—greatest length, 88: greatest breadth, 58 .
upper sectorial, length 10, breadth 4.8; length of lower molar row
(alveoli) 20.

8. Viverricula malaccensis thai, subsp. nov.

Type. Aged female (skin and skull) No. 2449/C.B.K. Col-
lected at Prapatom, Central Siam on 20th November, 1916.

Diagnosis Size and markings as in V. in. malascensis (Gm.),
with seven dark rings on the tail, but the buffy ground colour
slightly paler and duller and with more numerous — black-tipped
hairs; tail more nearly white.

Skull and teeth as in malaccensis with long and deep bullae
which, however, only converge slightly so that the anterior part of
the basioccipital is but little narrowed, while the ridges in front of
the bullae are small; in this respect resembling the smaller l,i. russe
(Horsf.) of Java though the bullae are not flattened.

Npecimens examined :—Two females both from the type
Jocality.

Remarls. Mr. Bonhote in his revision of the genus Viverri-
cula* states that malaccensis is very variable in colour and markings,
but the remark is of a general nature and applies to animals found
throughout India and the Malay Peninsula. LT have compared the
Siamese examples with topotypes from the Malay States and the
colour differences noted, though slight, seem constant. [. im. thar} is
most nearly allied to V. m. malaccensis from which it differs in only
two other respests —the slight convergence of the bullae, whieh is a
feature of V. oan. rasse, and rather narrower skull.

Hyaena striata ’

Reports that I have received seem to indicate the presenec

of a hyaena in Siam, and if it really oceurs its existence there is

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) [, pp. 119-122 (1808).
+ Muang thai=Land of the free=Siam,

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC) SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 353

Measurements of Viverricala malaceensis —

NS nS
| \
- 4 S| I. malaceznsis
V. malaccensis thai sian
malaccensis
Number ~~

2448) 2449) | 107/14] , 109/14)

~CBK CBK PMS FMS
PLS MASTS OARS, CSE TES ond AES bea
|
| Py pe
Sex eae aa Le st) oad, ® aged. raQh iia} - re ad,
Head and body ) 530 44 5538 PAG;
Tail oe gen awe wes] 809 | 338 | OS | 345
Himiieot igh Ake ed 97 92 o4 a3
Shull. | |
Greatest length ... PES col) OBee 96.5 | 97 96
Condylo-basal length Lol Gh ocala 4 | 96.1 94 4
Basal length os he Beal tail | 90 9 Oe 8Y
Palatal length ae Baile: ott 4 48 47.5 48 i ke
Upper toothrow, excluding } | 35 35.4 359 -
incisors (alveoli ) ) |
ast x te |
Last three upper cheek teeth ) Puree 13.9 14 131
(alveoli ) j .
| |
Greatest diameter of upper sectorial 10.1 : 9.1 9.9 9.9
Breadth of palate between inner 14] | 139 13.5 4
roots of sectorials
Least interorbital breadth sos PP lepd ae: fy da 14
Breadth across postorbital processes. 19.7 | 20.6 21.1 22
Zygomatie breadth he woo) 46 We BGhe 1 an + 47.4
Cranial breadth ... aaa eH | 30 31.8 31.3
|
Greatest breadth across bullae .... 31 30.6 30) 30.2
Greatest length across bullae =...) 22 22.5 22.8 | 21.8
Least breadth between bullae | ae oo =o ee :
: eee 8. | 8.5 ES | 6.9
anteriorly
. : , wencne | | [
Least oo eae between bullae at iF 13 } y9 eae 19.3
condyloid foramina jt

|
| | |
ines

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

354 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

most interesting, as it is at present unknown east of the Bay of
Bengal. Mr. A. J. Irwin, Adviser to the Royal Siamese Survey
Departinent, told me that he has twice seen large blunt-headed,
dark and light grey beasts (one of which had crushed the limb-
hones of a dead ox); once at Bangplasoi, about 30 miles east of the
Chao Phya river mouth, and again somewhat north of Kanburi; while
Mr. J. J. McBeth of Bangkok has also given me a similar description
of an animal met by him. ‘The characters noted fit MH. striata very
well, and no other dog-like animal in Siam has the bone-breaking
powers mentioned by Mr. Irwin. But an earlier record of the
occurrence of a hyaena in still more eastern longitudes is that by
Mr. J. MeCarthy in * Surveying and Exploration in Siam.” Writing
of his journey from Wien Chan (Vien Tiane) to Chieng Kwang
(Xieng Khonang) now in French Laos, he says (p. 40) “One morn-
ing I saw a striped hyaena standing under a tree. The camp pariah
dog gave chase but I called him back. On nearing the jungle the
wily hyaena stopped and turned round, seeming very much disap-
pointed and looking longingly after the dog, As usual, my gun
was nowhere ”
9. Canis aureus, subs)
Thos aureus cruesmanni, Gyldenstolpe, Kung). Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.,
57, No. 2, p. 23 (1917).

A juvenile example from Wang Pong, Pran, S. W. Siam.
is so young (greatest length of skull 127 mm.), that it conveys
no correct idea of the adult animal. Neither Gyldenstolpe nor I
succeeded in obtaining the jackal at Koh Lak where it is well
known, so the present example is the most southerly on record out-
side India and Ceylon.*

Cans mureus eruesmann ( Matschie, S. B. Ges. Natarf.
Freunde Berlin, 1900, p. 144) is based on some young animals
living in the Berlin Zoo which were captured at Nong Bua about
30 miles west of Korat. Matschie’s description is that of the animals

when about a year old. When about half that age or less they

*| Jackals ave said to be common near the sea shore not tar north of
Cliumpon, Eds. |.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, STAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 355

were pale brown on head and legs the bodies were speckled, tails
blackish and lips whitish. Broadly speaking the present specimen
agrees ; the hinder parts are somewhat grizzled and there is a broad
blackish line along the back from the shoulders.

The jackal is well known to the Siamese who call it
ma ching chawk, i.e, dog which makes a noise like a gecko (chiny-
chawh).

10. Cyon javanicus.
Canis javanicus, Desm., p. 198 (1820).
Canis familiaris var sumatrens’s, Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. Soc, X11,

p. 231, pl. XXIII (1822).

Canis rutilans, 8. Mull. in Temminck’s Verhandelingen, Zool. Zoogd.,
pp. 27, 51 (1839-44).

Cuon rutilans, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 57
No. 2 p. 23 (1917).

Whilst walking in some long grass along the edge of a

patch of jungle at Lat Bua Kao, I almost stepped on a wild dog. It
darted into the bush instantly but I was able to note the rich
ferruginous colour and bushy black tail. Siamese name, ie po.
INSECTIVOR A.
11. Crocidura fuliginosa.
Sorex fuliginosus, Blyth Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal XXIV, p. 362
(1855).
1 2 in spirit, Lat Bua Kao.
External measurements: head and body, 117: tail, 43: hind

foot, 13.
12. Tupaia glis belangeri.

Cl [adobates} belanger’, Waguer, Schreb, Sevageth. Supp. IT, p. 42,
(1841). ae

Tupaia peguimus, Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Reg. Auim. Manm., p. 938

(1842).

Tupaia glis belungeri, Kloss Journ, N. HW. Siam. EET, p 53 (1919).

63 7 2 ad. and subad. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam.

1 2 subad. Pran River mouth, S. W. Siam.

1 ¢ ad. Hua Hin, Pran, S. W. Siam.

1 2 ad., 1 2 imm. Satahip, 8. E. Siam.

4 5 ad., 1 2% imm., 1 ¢ ad. Lat Bua Kao, E. Siam.

VOL, Lil, NO. #, 1919. .

356 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

The discovery in the extreme south of Tenasserim of
T. clurissa Thomas, (Journ. Bombay N. H. Soe. XXV, 1917, p- 200)
which was described as a full species, seems to me to supply evidence
of complete gradation between the southern brightly-coloured,
long-snouted tupaias with 4 mammae (“ferruginea” forms), and the
northern dull, short-snouted animals with 6 mammae (“ belangeri”
forms) and to make it: now necessary to regard all of them as
merely subspecies of one species, 7. glis (Diard) of Penang, rather
than to establish the specific distinctness of other animals than glis
(cf. antea p. 54). The animals listed above must, I think, be re-
yarded as examples of belangeri. I have seen no skins of topotypes,
hut two skulls of adults from Lower Pegu and South Arakan have
rostral lengths (tip of premaxillaries to lachrymal notch) of 19.8
and 19 min., and in this respect the present series, in which the
rostrums so measured range between 18 and 20 mm., agrees with
them.

All are dull-coloured animals with a well-marked neck-
stripe and, though two or three are darker throughout than the
rest, in none of them is the rump washed with ochraceous; or if it
is the colour is hardly appreciable, and generally oceurs on the
shoulders also. Mammae 3 — 3 = 6:

They cannot be referred to chinensis Anderson, from Yunnan,
near Bhamo, also a dull-coloured animal, as in it the neek-stripe is
practically obsolete, while from an intermediate locality (Nan,
North Siam) Thomas has deseribed a form, lwofum? and also on
either side of chinensis has defined other races, siccata? from the
Lower Chindwin, Burma, and yuna!is? from Mongtze, S. E. Yunnan,
wll being quite different in colour. My specimens from 8S. W. Siam
(which do not seem to differ from the others) doubtless represent
lenasler vecently deseribed by Thomas from the Great Tenasserim

River in the same latitudes,’ but that name seems antedated by

| The north-eastern tupaias (chinensis, yunalis, modesta, concolor, etc.)
all seem to differ from the western and southern races in the absence, or
great redaction, of the neck strive.

2 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) XID p. 243-4 (1914).

“ Journ, Bom bias Nat. Hist Soc. i. Be }. 20) (Sept. 1917).

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, STAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 357

siamensis Gyldenstolpe,! based on a single semi-adult specimen from
Koh Lak. It is stated to be most nearly related to 7’. minor malac-
canu. Anderson, while the skull resembles that of 7. javanica Horsf.,
but is narrower. The former is unknown north of the Malay
States, and javanica has never yet been correctly recorded from
continental Asia ; and though it is possible, as in the case with
several other species, that it occurs in Java and again in Indo-China
but is absent from the greater part of the Malay Peninsula (c.f.
Bandicota, Helictis, ete.), yet, since a good deal of thorough collecting
has been done in the area now being dealt with, it is curious
that no animal of the kind indicated has been obtained previ-
ously —if it exists, Tupaias are quite conspicuous and not at all
shy.

Gyldenstolpe also obtained at the same place examples which
he calls belungeri (tom. cit., p. 18) and it is probable that in separa-
ting simmensis he was misled by the immature characters of the skull
in his type specimen.

For measurements see table postea.

13. Tupaia glis cambodiana subsp. nov.

Tupitia concolor, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 37.

This is the animal previously referred by me, for geograph-
ical reasons, to 7’. concolor Bonhote, though I noted atthe time
that it was not typical; further examination leads me to regard it
as distinct. Though it closely agrees with 7’. concclor in size, the
mammary formula for that form is believed to be 2—2=4, in this
it is 3 — 3=6

1. concolor further (vide Bonhote, P. ZS. 1907, p. 7) is
uniform grizzled greyish-green above and the neck-stripe is so
faint that unless special search is made it is liable to be overlooked ;
Lyon also (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 45. p. 68) does not mention any -
neck-stripe at all and states that the upper parts are grizzled ochra-
_ ceous-buff and blazkish, anteriorly more buffy, posteriorly more
ochraceous, but not conspicuously so, while the tail is similar to

1 Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. , 57, No. 2 p. 20 (Feb. 1917).

VOL. Ill, No. 4, i919,

358 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

adjacent parts of the body with five light and five blackish bands ;
in cambodiana, including the extreme base and tip of the hairs,
there are only four of each, and the tail is more like the shoulders
than the rump which is often suffused with ochraceous. The neck
stripes are apparently move distin +t than in -on2!or, but less so than
in belangeri.

Compared with the latter it is larger and darker, the
annulations anteriorly being of a deeper buff and not producing
such an olivaceous effect while the rump isoften more richly
coloured and the rostrum is longer.

Measurements and specimens examined. See P.Z.S. 1916, pp.
36, 68.

Type. Aged female (skin and skull) No. 1841/C.B. K.
Collected at Klong Yai, S. E. Siam on 6th January 1915.

14. Tupaia glis olivacea, subsp. nov.

Type. Adult male (skin and skull ) No. 2208/C.B.K. Col-
lected at Pak Bu near Tachin, Central Siam, on 23rd October, 1916.

Diajnosis. Colour above a grizzle of blackish and buff, pro-
ducing a speckled olive effect. Neck-stripes and under-parts pale
olive-buff. Tail above more coarsely annulated than the back, black
more in excess and buff paler ; below greyer than above, no distinct
median stripe. Size rather larger than 7’. belunjeri. Mamimme 3
—3=6.

Measurements: See table posted.

Specimens examined,:—Four from the type locality.

Remarks. Two of the specimens are more buffy below than
the type and another (2207).

This is an extremely distinct animal on account of its dark
greenish colouring. I can only account for it, surrounded as it is
by very different coloured forms, as the result of complete isolation
by the Chao Phya and Tachin rivers in a swampy area, where
differential characters once evolved have become dominant since
they have not been modified and brought back to the normal
by contact with animals of which the greater part live under

more normal conditions. It is probably for some such reason

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 359

as this that races inhabiting small islands are often more differ-
ent from the general form than those occupying large areas;
ina small population a divergence from the normal, once started,
has a better chance of succeeding and modifying the whole than it
would in a large population; in the latter also, more divergences
than one may arise which may modify each other and bring the
population back more to the normal once again,
CHIROPTERA.

15. Pteropus vampyrus malaccensis.

Pteropus vampyrus malaccensis, K. Andersen, Ann. & Mag. Nat,
Hist. (8) ii, p. 368 (1908) ; id. Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus., I, p. 346
(P9.12),; 1d. 2. Ze3..1916, p.. 39.

Pteropus vampyrus intermedius, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist.
Siam, IT, p. 11 (1916) [Krabin, Central Siam].

1 3, 22, Koh Mesan off Cape Liant, S. E. Siam.

23 examples, Koh Pra Noi near Satahip, S. E. Siam.

All these are undoubtedly malaccensis. I was, therefore,
apparently wrong in thinking that the examples of this race which
I obtained in 8. E. Siam were there as the result of migration
across the Gulf of Sirm from the Malay States: and with the
present material in hand I find that the specimen from Krabin
determined as P. v. intermedius is a sub-adult malaccensis. It
would appear more probable, therefore, that malaccensis ranges
throughout the Malay Peninsula to South Tenasserim and thence
across Southern Siam to Cambodia.

Soe.

Having been lent by the Indian Museum the specimens to-
which the earlier references apply, I have gone into the synonymy
given by Andersen in the “Catalogue” for P. intermedius which
suggests that it occurs southward to Peninsular Siam; I find that
Pteropus javanicus Blyth (Tenasserim) and Pteropus medius Blyth
(S. Tenasserim) are respectively P. hypomelanus geminorum Miller,

and a sub-adult example of maluccensis.* Pteropus medius ?

Miller, was a young adult placed with hesitation under that name
and my own reference is to the same animal.

—

All the remaining

* “ Pteropus edulis” obtained by Dr. J. Andersen near Mergui
(Journ, Linn. Soc. XXT (1889) p. 337.) also proves on examination to be a
typical example of P. v. malaccensis.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919,

360 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

references are merely citations of the unique type specimen.
Andersen is now inclined to regard intermedius as only a sub-
species of vampyrus (P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 40) and if this is right we
cannot expect to find it in areas occupied by malaccensis ; so it
looks as though the type locality of intermedius (Amherst, near
Moulmein) is near the southern extremity of its range, which may
stretch northwards through Burma towards Assam _ where
P. leucocephalus Hodgs. occurs.
(For measurements see table posted.)
16. Pteropus lylei.
Pteropus lyleit, Andersen, Ann & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), LI, p. 367
(1908) ; id. Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus. I, p. 339 (1912).
Pteropus medius, Flower, P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 339.
1d ad. Bangkok. June 1916 (Dr. Malcolm Smith coll.).
No, 2471.
1 2 ad. 1 3 imm. Bangkok. October 1916. (Mr. E. J. Webb
coll.). Nos. 2450-1.
These examples illustrate the variation recorded by Andersen
in the “ Catalogue”.
belly blackish, becoming bone-brown on the sides and slightly

The two adults have the breast and the

grizzled throughout; the back blackish grizzled with silvery; and
the head as far as the ears about auburn, becoming black on the
cheeks and throat. Dr. Smith’s specimen has the mantle buffy, the
anterior sides of neck and a median area on the foreneck tinged
with Sudan brown. Mr. Webb’s female has the mantle and neck
Sudan brown suffused with auburn brown in front. |The immature
male has the back as in the adults, the head Sudan brown blending
with a buffy mantle and the sides and front of the neck suffused
with amber brown; the throat is black; the hairs of breast and
belly are blackish at base with ochraceous tips, the ventral area
alone being dark brown; this young animal (skull, 58.5; forearm,
138 mm) resembles specimens of DP. giganteus (Brunn.).

Pteropus lylet does not appear to develop a sagittal crest.
The two larger specimens are quite adult with the teeth worn and
the basioccipital suture completely obliterated, but the ridges on the
cranium are 4-5 mm apart,

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 361

This species is apparently the common flying-fox of Bangkok,
whence no other has been recorded. It has been taken at Petcha-
huri to the south-west and extends eastward to Saigon.

(For measurements see table posted.)

17%. Cynopterus angulatus.

Cynopterus angulatus, Miller, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898,
p. 316.

Cynopterus brachyotis angulatus, Andersen, Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus.
1, p. 611 (1912); id. P.Z.S. 1916. p. 40; Wroughton, Journ.

Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. XXTII, p. 702 (1915).

3d ad., 52 ad., 12 subad. Bangkok, Oct. 1916.

None of the animals in this series exhibit a sagittal crest
but all seem adult except the last.

Leaving the ears out of the question—measurements of
which may be rendered inaccurate either through the. personal
equation of the worker or through distortion in preservation—these
specimens are evidently not sphinx, judging by the ratio of rostrum
to length of skull, as in that species the length of the rostrum (orbit
to nares) is more than one-fourth the total length (fide Andersen,
op. cit. p. 612).

I record them therefore as C. angulatus, though the ears are
large while the other dimensions show that they are equal in size to
smaller examples of sphinx (see below). The measurements of three
adults collected by Mr. G. C. Shortridge at Tenasserim Town and
Bankachon, Tenasserim, are also given.

Tenasserim

Skull, lambda to gnathion | 31.5—32.7 31.0—31.3
», condylo-basal length . ai) aU lh 30.0—30.2

» rostrum was oes| 7.6— 8.0 | 7.1— 7.2
Mandible et ---| 24.8—26.0 | 23.83—25.9
C—M1, crowns : | 10.1—11.0 | 10.0—10.7
Forearm 65.0—69.0 | 71.0—76.0
3rd digit, metacarpal 44,0—45.7 44.7—49.0
Z phalanx < 28.0—31.8 30.0—31.0
Ear from orifice 18.0—20.0 20.0—21.5
Tibia ar 26.0—-27.0 26.5—28.2

VOL. Ill, NO.*4, 1919.

ces cS SS

362 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

18. Miniopterus blepotis.
Vespertilio blepotis, Temm., Mon. Mamm. II, p. 174 (1835).
2 3 ad, Koh Lak.
External measurements :—total length, 121, 118; hindfoot.
10. 2, 10. 5; ear, 12. 6, 12. 8; fore-arm 50, 49; tibia, 20, 21 mm.
19. Miniopterus medius.
Miniopterus medius, Thomas & Wroughton, P. Z. 8. 1909, p.382.
236,52. Koh Lak.
External measurements, minimum and maximum of the
series :—head and body, 44-52; tail, 47-51; hindfoot, 8-9; ear, 9.4—
11. 8; forearm, 40.4—42.0; tibia 16.3-18.0 mm.

20. Myotis muricola.
13 ad. Bangkok. September 1916.
External measurements :—head and body, 45; tail, 39 ; hind-
foot, 6.2; ear 12.8; forearm, 34; tibia, 14. 5 mm.

21. Hipposideros larvatus.
Rhinolophus larvatus Horsf., Zool. Res.in Java (1824).
12 ad. Koh Lak.
External measurements:—head and body, 71; tail, 30; bind-
foot, 9.5; ear, 22.5; forearm, 61; tibia, 22 mm.

RODENTIA.

22. Sciurus caniceps caniceps.

Seiurus caniceps, Gray, Ann. & Mag., X, p. 236 (1842) ; Kloss, Journ.
Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, II, pp. 18, 83 (1916); Gyldenstolpe,
Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 57, No. 2, p. 33 (1917).

Sciurus chrysonotus, Blyth, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XVI, p. 878,
pl. 37, fig. 1 (1847).

Sciurus epomophorus fluminalis, Robinson and Wroughton, Journ.
Fed. Malay States Mus. IV, p. 233 (1911).

1d ad, 1 2 imm. Lat Bua Kao.

These examples are in the bright winter pelage, having the
upper side of the body rich Mars yellow, this colour extending over
the crown of the head and down the base of the tail; they are the
most easterly specimens on record, WS. ¢. flaminalis, of Northern

Siam is apparently only this animal in dull summer pelage. The

JOURN. NAT. HJS'T. SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 363

race does not seem to occur in 8. W. Siam where it is replaced by
S ec. davisoni Bonh. and the following form.
(For measurements see table posted.)

23. Sciur-13 caniceps inexpectatus.

Sciurus epomophorus inexpectatus, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe.
Siam, IT, p. 178 (1916).

Sciurus epomophorus davisoni, Gyldenstople, Kungl Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl., 57. No. 2, p..35 (1917).

5 9 ad. Koh Lak.

Most nearly resembling S. ¢. milleri Robinson & Woughton
from Trang, Peninsular Siam, but paler throughout.

Occiput, back and sides a grizzle of maize-yellow and _ black,
blending into a grizzle of white and grey (silvery) on the face and
limbs but the yellow brightening on the sides of the neck, Ears
slightly tinged with yellowish, their backs grey to silvery.
Underparts, an indistinct grizzle of white and grey with a scarcely
perceptible darker median line. Axillae and groin dull buff-yellow,
these areas sometimes joined by an indistinct wash of the same
colour along the line of contact between side and belly. Tail like
back but the grizzle coarser and tending to form bands distally,
the last 50-70 mm. pure black sharp'y margined from the
grizzled part.

A specimen taken in June at the same place* only differs in
having the axillary and inguinal regions brighter, the latter being
ochraceous-orange, and the lower median line of the tail ochraceous-
buff. Seasonal variation, therefore, does not affect the general
colour of the upper parts as in true caniceps,

It is curious to find these squirrels most resembling mlleri
of Trang, for I havea series from Chumporn, an intermediate
locality, which are S. c. davisoni (type locality Bankachon, South
Tenasserim), a race of much darker colour than either.

Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 2434/C.B.K.
Collected at Koh Lak, 8S. W. Siam on 15th November 1916,

(For measurements see table posted.)

* Obtained by Messrs. Williamson and Smith’s collectors.

VOL. Il, NO. 4, -1919,

364 MR. ©. BODEN KLOSS ON

24. Sciurus atrodorsalis pranis.

Seiurus erythraeus pranis, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, IT,
p- 178 (1916).

Sciurus atrodorsalis, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.,
57, No. 2, p. 35 (1917).

5¢ ad., 23 subad.; 62 ad., 19 subad. 22 juv. Koh Lak.

In the original diagnosis I referred these squirrels to
rubeculus Lyon (regarded as a form of erythraews) because in size
and colour of upper parts some of them exactly resembled a
specimen from Bok Pyin, South Tenasserim, from which
I considered them distinct on account of their paler underparts and
paler albescent-tipped tails. The type of rwheculus came from
Trang, Peninsular Siam, and with it were associated four specimens
from South Tenasserim, one of which is the above-mentioned Bok
Pyin example.

Further examination shows however, that the Bok Pyin
animal (and doubtless the others from the neighbourhood ) is not
typical; for on comparing it with a series from Tung Song and
Kao Nong in. the state of Nakon Sri Tamarat (the first place
about 30 miles and the latter 80 miles from the typical locality,
while S.Tenasserim is about 180 miles away) it proves to be less
richly coloured above, while it is also intermediate in size between
the smallest example of rwbeculus and the largest of pranis.
Northern animals, even the darkest, are much less richly coloured
than the Southern ones, both above and below, and are also smaller.
I think, therefore, that pranis is a well-differentiated form of
atrodorsalis with which it agrees in size; there is frequently a
slight blackening of the posterior back which also indicates a con-
nection ; this is quite absent in rwhecwlus.

Characters, Smaller than rwbeculus; paler above and with-
out the Mars-yellow suffusion on the nape and body; below, the
grizzled areas much paler and the coloured parts ochraceous though
sometimes washed with rufous; in rwheculus, however pale the
coloured areas may be, there isalways present a tone of mahogany-
red,

Size about as in typical alrodorsalis, but with the median

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 365

dorsal area only occasionally slightly blackened by black-tipped
hairs; head suffused with rich ochraceous, underparts yellow ochre
to buff (at the most only partially tinged with burnt sienna ) and
divided mesially by a grizzled line,

Colour. Upperparts varying from a grizzle of buff and
black to one of ochraceous ani black slightly darkened on mid-
back and the rump in the majority of the series; muzzle, tcp of
head and ears varying from Mars yellow to orange buff less speck-
led with black than the back, the brighter heads going with the
brighter bodies; the backs of the ears paler greyish yellow, ungriz-
zled. Hands and feet rather darker than the limbs, as dark as the
back where blackened.

Underpaits :—chin, throat and neck varying from yellow
scarcely grizzled to a fine grizzle of buff and grey; a grizzled median
line of varying breadth of the same colour as the sides of the
body ; the areas between the grizzled -parts buff to yellow ochre,
these colours extending less distine tly along the under sides of the
limbs. In about 30 per cent the yellow area is suffused with burnt
sienna, least on the chest, strongest on the axillary region and the
thighs.

Tail varying from buff to. ochraceous-orange annulated with
black, the latter forming distinct bands distally except on the last
inch or so where the hairs have long buffy or albescent tips; whis-
kers black. ‘ .

Those specimens which have more richly coloured underparts
are also, on the whole, more richly coloured throughcut.

Remarks. This is obviously a variable squirrel, though not,
I think, a race of true individual variation, but rather one in which
each animal goes through a cycle of change; as this change, how-
ever, does not seem to take place at a time common to all, it cannot
be considered sersonal. The absence of any such occurrence is
shown by three examples taken in June*; one of them is indis-
tinguishable from examples of the November series and the others

only differ in having the heads duller (yellow wore ).

» Coll. Messrs. W. J. F. Williamson and M. A. Smith.

VOL. Ill, NO. 4, 1919.

356 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Two young animals are as brightly coloured above as the
alults but ars much less speckled with black, below they are yellow-
ish slightly tinged with burnt sienna except for the neck and
median line.

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No, 2395/C.B.K. Col-
leeted at Koh Lak, S. W. Siam on 9th November, 1916.

(For measurements see table postea.).
25. Sciurus atrodorsalis tachin.

Kloss, Journ Nat, Hist. Soc. Siam. ii, p. 178 (1916.)

93 ad. 62 ad. 12 imm. Pak Bu, Tachin, Central Siam.

A form of Sciwrus atrodorsalis Gray, remarkable for small]
size and rare development of a black dorsal patch.

Above a grizzle of black and yellow, the latter ranging
from antimony yellow to cream, but the general colour effect very
variable owing to the very variable amount of black speckling.
Muzzle rather brighter than the back and less blackened; limbs
grey and duller.

In rather less than half the series there is a slight darkening
of mid-back and rump, owing to the presence of more distinctly
black-tipped hairs, and in one specimen this darkening takes the
form of an elongate black patch, though only the tips of the hairs
are blackened,

Ears generally tawny, sometimes a tawny ring round the
eye and the muzzle tinged with the same colour; backs of ears
buffy-grey. Hands and feet generally, though not always, darker
than the limbs.

Chin, throat and chest a grizzle of buffand grey which
extends backwards as a median line broadest on the chest; rest of
underside of body with limbs varying from burnt sienna throughout,
or zine orange, or bright yellow-ochre sutfused with ferruginous on
the thighs. In three or four examples the yellow is much reduced
and very faint.

Tail usually black and faint buff forming bands distally, most
distinct towards the tip which is generally albescent. In the

immature animal the annulations are obseured by a wash of

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIMA. 367

orange-buff not extending to the tip. The black-backed specimén,
which is the type, has this suffusion to a less degree.

When first obtained the small size of this squirrel obscured
its relationship, but towards the end of my visit the black-backed
specimen was collected and this development appears to indicate an
undoubted affinity with alrodorsalis. In colour the race more
nearly resembles the large S. a. zimmeensis (Rob. & Wr.) of
North Siam! and S. a. shanicus Ryley, of the Shan States,2 than
the geographically nearer typical form of Moulmein or S. a. thai
mihi, from Raheng.*

Two specimens collected in May by Dr. Malcolm Smith do
sth differ from examples taken in November.

Type. Adult female (skin and skull). No. 2213/C. B. K.
Collected at Pak Bu, Tachin, Central Siam on 23rd October, 1916.

| (For measurements see table postea)

26. Sciurus nox.
Sciurus nox, Wroughton, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) II, p. 396
(1908); Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, I, p. 227 (1915);
id., Op. 16, 10, p. ET (916).

13d ad. 32 ad. Satahip, near Cape Liant.

The types of this species came from Sriracha on the east
coast of the Inner Gulf of Siam about 30 miles S. E. of the Chao Phya
river mouth, and it remained unknown elsewhere until I received
specimens from Hup Bon and Nong Khor, a few miles inland. It
would thus appear to have a very small range and to be practically
confined to a triangular piece of country of which Cape Liant is the
apex. }

It is a very stable animal, always entirely black, and shows
no tenlency to intergrade with any other form. Its nearest relation
seems to be S. albivexilli mihi, from Koh Kut; Chantabun Archi-
pelago, which only differs in the possession of a white tail-tip, rather
shorter tail and hind foot and slightly larger skull.

1. Journ. Fed. Malay States Museums, VII, p. 91 (1916).
2. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Suc. XXIT, p. 663.( 1913)
3. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, II. p. 285 (1917).

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

368 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

S. ferrugineus cinnimomeus Temm., has been taken in
company with it at Hup Bon, but I did not meet with it at Satahip.

(For measurements see table posted.)

27. Sciurus finlaysoni tachardi.

Seiurus finlaysoni, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, T, p. 157 »
(1915); id. op. eit. IT, p. 16 (1916).

Sciurus finlaysoni finlaysoni, Kloss, op cit. 1, p. 225 (1915); id. op.
cit, II, pp. 13, 179 (1916); p. 345 (1917).

Callosciurus finlaysoni tachardi, Robinson, Journ, Fed. Malay States
Mus. VIT, p. 36 (1916); Thomas, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam.
IT p 343 (1917).

7d ad. 72 ad. Lat Bua Kao.

This is a somewhat variable form. The general colour on the
upper parts of the head and body is buffy-white to buffy with grey
bases to the hairs. Usually the buff is so much in excess that the
animals appear to be of that e»lour, and the grey bases of the hairs
are hardly visible unless the fur is disturbed ; but in some examples
the grey has so spread up the hairs that the effect is almost that of
a grey- backed animal much washed with buff. Examples having
the latter appearance, with which age and sex have nothing to do,
may indicate an approximation to S.nox (though grey-based hair is
common to many squirrels ), and since the two have not been found
side by side, nor may be nothing more than a very distinct geogra-
phical race of finlaysoni.

Though S. f. cinnamomeus Temm., occurs towards Northern
Siam and at Chantabun together with the white squirrel,* I did
not meet with it at Lat. Bua Kao where the present form was the
common squirrel,

Messrs H. ©. Robinson and Oldfield Thomas have recently
had some discussion with me as to the type locality of Scvwrus
finlaysoni finlayson:; I having held ( following Anderson) that it
came from the mainland, they that it was taken on Koh Si Chang in
the Gulf of Siam; and though I do not consider that their arguments
have fully proved their contention I am now able to settle the point

. . . . . 4? . . ”
in their favour. In his “Embassy to Siam and Cochin China

* fide Wroughton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) pp 394, 397
(1908 ).

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 369

Crawford writes of the Si Chang Islands, “The only quadrupeds
which we observed on these islands, were a large species of rat, and
a small squirrel about a foot long. This last was numerous in the
forest, and we obtained several specimens. It was of a milk-white
colour, the paws excepted, which were black. “(2nd Ed. Vol. I, pp.
296, 7 (1830 ), and in a footnote states, “ This appears to be a new
species, and Dr Horsfield has appropriately named it after the late
Mr. Finlayson.”
(For measurements see table posted.)
28. Sciurus finlaysoni trotteri.

Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, IT, p. 178 (1916).

10¢ ad. 2d imm., 112 ad. 12 imm. Koh Lan, Inner Gulf of
Siam.

Like S. f. folletti mihi) but darker; tail not banded and
underparts without any distinct rufous areas.

Upper parts:—hairs at base neutral grey on the back, paler
on the head and side; the distal halves dirty yellowish white (pale
olive buff) the extreme tips black. The middle back is generally
blacker owing to local reduction of the pale annulations, but this
dark area is very variable in extent and in two or three animals is
practically absent. The limbs and sides of the head and neck are
grey slightly tinged with brown and finely and faintly grizzled with
whitish ; hands and feet blackish slightly grizzled ; ears like the head,
their backs grey bordered with whitish.

Below a variable sullied grey largely grizzled, but axillary _
and inguinal regions and the undersides of the thighs whitish. The
median line is slightly darkened and the underparts are faintly
margined from the sides.

Tail cream-colour generally grizzled with black at the base,
the central hairs of the pencil black. Some of the hairs between base
and tip have faintly blackened ends and the median line of the
underside is nearly always somewhat blackened — in many specimens
markedly so.

In a few animals there are indications that rufous areas may
occur down the median line of the chest and abdomen and at the

1 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. I. p 159(1915)
VOls Jd NO, £1914,

_

370 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

axillary region, but none of the series possess the rufous patches seen
in some examples of S. f. folletti; as compared with that race the
dark element is much increased and the colour effect is much less of a
pale olive buff.

Young animals resemble adults but have the grizzle of the
upper parts much finer and the pale colour reduced in quantity.

There appears to be no seasonal variation in these squirrels.
The type series of follettt was taken in February, and I have lately
been sent a set obtained in July by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s col-
lector; there is no difference between two lots; in both the great
majority are without rufous colouration and in both two or three
individuals exhibit rather irregular patches of rufous ( principally
inguinal and axillary ) on the underparts.

Type Adult male (skin and skull) No 2266/C. B. K-
Collected on Koh Lan, Inner Gulf of Siam on 29th October, 1916.

( For measurements see table postec).

Named after Mr. E. W. Trotter, Major-General of Gendar-
merie, Siam, who was the first to collect specimens of this Koh Lan
squirrel,

29. Tamiops macclellandi liantis, subsp. nov.

Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 2337/C. B. K.
Collected at Satahip near Cape Liant, 8. E. Siam on 2nd November
1916.

Characters. A race nearest T. m. rodolphi (M- Edw.), from
which it differs in having the outer pale stripes continued without
interruption or diminution over the shoulders; in the Cochin-China
animal these stripes instead of being continuous from muzzle to
rump are either broken on the shoulders or very much reduced
there.

Colour, Forelimbs and sides greyish strongly suffused with
buff, the hairs with grey bases and buffy tips. Four yellow stripes
on the back ; the outer pair pale cream extending from the base of
the tail to the muzzle passing below the ear and eye but above
the vibrissae where they are duller in colour: the inner pair, com-
mencing indistinctly at the shoulder and extending to the base of
the tail, ochraceous-buff anteriorly, warm buff on the rump. On the

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 371

body the outer yellow stripes are bordered externally by a line of
blackish-ochraceous ; the crown and nape are deep ochraceous-tawny
speckled with blackish as are the areas between the pale stripes on
the anterior half of the back but on the posterior part of the back
these areas become black stripes, the outer dark pair being slightly
speckled with ochraceous.

Chin whitish, throat and undersurface of body and limbs
ochraceous-orange washed with deep ozhraceous-salmon on the abdo-
men. Hands and feet, ears and top of muzzle warm buff; back of
ears black, the hairs near the base anteriorly and at the tip white.
those on the posterior half black with white extremities and elonga-
ted. Tail annulated black and ochraceous-buff, the tips of the hairs
white ; extremity of tail black.

Skull and teeth. Do not differ materially from those of 7.
m. rodol phi.

Specimens examined. The type, and an example from Kra-
bin about eighty miles east of Bangkok.

Measurements. Collector’s external measurements :—head and
body, 118; tail, 117; hindfoot, s. u., 27.5; ear, 13.5. Skull :—greatest
length, 32 ; condylo-basilar length, 25.5; palatilar length, 12; dias-
tema, 6.0; upper molar row (alveoli), 6.1; median nasal length, 7.6 ;
least interorbital breadth, 12; zygomatic breadth, 19.5; greatest
breadth of combined nasals, 3.9 (5.5 in the example from Krabin )

Remarks. The specimen from Krabin, about 100 miles to
the north of Cape Liant and taken on the same day of the previous
year,(vide 7. rodolphi, Journ. Nat, Hist. Soc. Siam, IT (1916) p. 21)
differs in having the head, neck and shoulders paler (i. e. ochraceous-
bufty ), and the inner yellow stripes also paler, while the dark stripes
are all grizzled though the median one is blackest: the sides and
hind-limbs are also greyer and buffy; there is, however, a consid-
erable variation of this kind in a series of 7. m. rodolpht topotypes,
in which paler inner stripes are also correlated with paler shoulders,
sides and limbs.

Both 7. m. rodolphi and liantis differ from 7. m. novemli-
neatus of Peninsular Siam and kongensis of North Siam, in having

VOL. IL, NO. 4, 1919.

372 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

much broader and more grizzled dark stripes which do not extend so
far anteriorly.
30. Menetes berdmorei.
With 52 specimens available it appears possible to recognise
the following continental races in Siam :—
«, MENETES BERDMOREI BERDMOREL.

Sciurus berdmorei, Blyth. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. X VIII, p. 603
( 1849 )

Menetes berdmorei berdmorei, Thomas, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soe.
XXIII, p. 23 (1914); Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, II, p. 23
(1916)

Dark dorsal stripes present but not conspicuous; undersur-
face strongly buffy.

Specimens examined:—Four from Martaban and Mergui,
Tenasserim (ex coll. Indian Museum ); two from Klong Bang Lai,
Patiyu! S$. W. Siam (January); three from Hua Hin, Pran! S. W.
Siam, (June).

For measurements see Kloss, loc. cit., and table posted,

The specimens from Tenasserim and Patiyu have the charac-
ters given above; the Pran examples, which were taken at midsum-
mer, are very different. They are extremely pale and dull-coloured
animals with the sides of the head and the extremities of the limbs
greyish; there are no dark dorsal stripes and the areas between the
yellow lateral stripes, which are pale, are of the same colour as the
back; the under-parts are pure white. Hua Hin is in the same
latitude as Mergui and only a hundred miles north of Klong Bang
Lai and it seems at present premature to regard these examples
as distinct.

Distribution :—Rangoon, ( Burma ) to Patiyu, 5S. W, Siam ;
(typical locality, Moulmein ).

b. MENETES BERDMORE! MOUHOTI.

Seiurus mouhoti Gray, P. Z. 5. 1861, p. 137

Menetes berdmorei mouhoti, Thomas, Journ. Bombay N. H. 8,
XXIII, p. 23 (1914); Kloss. P. Z. 8, 1916, p. 48; id. Journ.
N. H. 8. Siam, LI, p. 84 (1916).

1. Messrs W. J. F. Williamson and M. A. Smith’s collectors.

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 373

Dark dorsal stripes less conspicuous than in berdmorei; under-
parts white tinged with yellow.

Specimens examined :—Seventeen from S. E. Siam (Chanta-
bun town to the Cambodian boundary on coast).

For measurements see Kloss, loc. cit.

My specimens, though not topotypes, doubtless more nearly
represent the typical animal taken by Mouhot in “ Cambodia” than
any others since recorded. One of them has the under-parts as
strongly buffy as winter examples of berdmorei.

Distribution :—S. E. Siam and Cambodia.

c. MENETES BERDMOREI KORATENSIS.

Menetes berdmorei, Gyldestolpe (partim), Arkiv. for Zoologi, 8,
No. 32, p 15 (1916).

Menetes berdmorei berdmorei, Kloss (partim), Journ. N. H. Soe.
Siam. II. p. 23 (1914).

Menetes berdmorei koratensis, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl., 57, No. 2. p. 39 (1917 )

Dark dorsal stripe generally more conspicuous than in mou-
hott and berdmorei ; underparts ‘white, less tinged with yellow than
in mouhoti.

Specimens examined :—One from Krabin,! Central Siam ; two
from Hup Bon,! and three from Satahip, S. E. Siam ; four from Lat
Bua Kao, E. Siam.

For measurements see Gyldenstolpe and Kloss, Joe. cit. and
table postea.

This race is based on two specimens taken at Sakerat,
south of Korat town, and not far from Lat Bua Kao; the characters
assigned are Small hind-foot and short muzzle ( Hf, 36; greatest
length of skull, 46.1 mm.) ; underparts pure white anteriorly, slightly
yellowish posteriorly ; no dark median dorsal stripe and the areas
between the buffy side stripes of the same colour as the upper parts.

The description applies fairly well to my immature juvenile
examples and the measurements given suggest that the author had
immature specimens before him.

1 Messrs. W. J. F. Williamson and M. A. Smith’s collectors.

VOL. II, NO. 4, 1919.

374 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

My three adults from Eastern Siam vary considerably ; in
one the median and lateral dorsal lines are very pronounced and
the area between the buffy stripes is black; in another the
median dark line is absent and the lateral lines much reduced while
the area between the buff stripes is much grizzled and scarcely
darker than the upper parts; the third is intermediate.

Of the young animals, one is without any indication of black
stripes on the back and the inter-buff lateral area is concolorous
with the upper surface; in the other the back is slightly darkened
above the buff stripes, and the areas between them are ‘slightly
darkened also. The under-parts are yellowish-white in the adults;
white, slightly tinged with yellowish posteriorly, in the younger
animals.

The Krabin, Hup Bon and Satahip specimens closely resem-
ble the E. Siam adults (of which those from Lat Bua Kao are prac-
tically topotypes) except one adult from Satahip which agrees with
the young Lat Bua Kao examples in being without dark stripes;
the Satahip juvenile, on the contrary, is heavily striped like E. Siam
adults.

The race was compared with conswlaris from which it differs
considerably ; it is, however, nearest mowhoti from which it is not
very strongly separated. |

Distribution :—Eastern Siam south to the western parts of
S. E. Siam (typical locality south of Korat town).

d, M£ENETES BERDMOREI CONSULARIS.
Funambulus berdmorei, Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 56.

Menetes berdmorei consularis, Vbomas. Journ, Bombay N. H. Soe.
XXIII, p. 24 (1914); Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, IT. p. 86
(1916); Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 57, No. 2,
p 38 (1917).

No dark dorsal stripes; underparts pure white, the bases of
the hairs sometimes grey and the genital region and the inner sides
of the thighs sometimes suffused with buff.

Specimens examined :—Two from Muang Prae,! N. Siam, and
three from Raheng,? W. Siam.

Messrs W. J. F. WY ifiamson and M. A. Smith’s collectors.
2 Coll. My. K, G. Gairdner.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 375

For measurements see Thomas, Kloss and Gyldenstolpe,
loc. cit., and table postea.

Mr. Thomas’ statement that the underparts are yellowish
white is not confirmed by the specimens examined by Bonhote,
Gyldenstolpe and myseif, which were obtained between February
and June.

Distribution :—The northern parts of Siam (typical locality,
Nan).

e. MENETES BERDMOREI PENINSULARIS.

Menetes berdmorei, Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated Malay
States Museums, V. p. 121 (1914).

Dark dorsal stripes very conspicuous; underparts white
washed with orange-buff, strongest posteriorly.

Specimens examined :—Thirteen from Ban Kok Klap, Nakon
Sritamarat, Peninsular Siam.

For measurements see Robinson & Kloss, loc. cit. and table postea.

This race differs from berdmorei in the much more pronounced
black dorsal stripes and lighter dorsal region which is often of a
colour between Xanthine orange and amber brown, while the under-
parts are white, but washed with a more intense yellow than the
buffy undersurface of berdmorei,

Type :—Adult male (skin and skull) F. M.S. Mus. No. 109/13:
Collected at Ban Kok Klap, Nakon Sritamarat, Peninsular Siam, on
3rd July by H. C. Robinson and E. Seimund.

The definition of this race is to be attributed to Mr. H. C.
Robinson and myself.

31. Rattus sabanus herberti.
Epimys vociferans herberti, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, IT,
p. 25 (1619).

13 ad. Lat Bua Kao.

This race differs from the typical animals of Peninsular Siam
in being duller above with the white of the undersurface extending
on to the muzzle and up the cheeks towards the eyes. The present
specimen, which is practically a topotype, is darker above than the
original animal with much more black in the composition of the pelage.

( For measurements ‘see table postec ).

VOL. TIT, NO. 4, 1919,

376 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

32. Rattus rajah surifer.

Mus surifer, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington XTIT, p. 148, pl.
IV, figs 4, 4a, 4b (1900).

Epimys surifer, Woughton, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. XXTTT,
p. 714 (1915).

Epimys surifer surifer, Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, TT, p. 26
(1915)

1 ad. Koh Lak.

This example (with others from Maprit in Patiyu, and
specimens I have seen from Bangkachon, 8, Tenasserim ) is searcely
typical, being a trifle less brilliantly coloured than the race from
Peninsular Siam (thus showing a slight approach to R. s. finis
and R. s. siarma.), but is best ranked with the original continental

form.
(For measurements see table postec ).

33. Rattus rajah finis.

Epimys surifer finis, Kloss, P. Z. 8., 1916, p 51; id. Journ. Nat.
Hist. Soc. Siam, IT, p. 85 (1916).

33 ad., 52 ad., 1d imm. Satahip, S. E. Siam.

A series of fine adult .animals, the majority showing well-
worn teeth; No. 2387 being the largest specimen of R. rajah I have
seen. The skulls are apparently rather broader that in R. r. swrifer
of Peninsular Siam, and the tooth-rows are parallel, or even diverge
a trifle posteriorly, instead of converging.

( For measurements see table postec ).
34. Rattus rajah koratis, subsp. nov.

Specimens examined. 63 ad., 82 ad., Lat Bua Kao.

Diagnosis. ‘Darker and duller than R. 7%. finis, more heavily
blackened above and the yellow element less brightly ochraceous ;
white of underparts extending up the sides of the muzzle and to the
hindfeet, the wrists and forearms often white above.

Skull not essentially differing from R. rv, finis; the upper
tooth-rows parallel.

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No. 2187/CBK. Colleeted
at Lat Bua Kao, E. Siam on 18th October 1916.

Measwrements. See table postea.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOO, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 377

Remarks. The characters noted seem common to all the
examples obtained at Lat Bua Kao, so that animals from this locality
may be regarded as representing a distinct local race. Specimens
_ from the range of hills which separate the Central Siam plain from the
Korat basin, which I have recorded as finis! are somewhat variable,
and this locality seems to be part of the region where one form
merges into the other.

35. Rattus rajah kramis, subsp. nov.

Specimens examined. 435 ad. 32 ad., 1d subad. and 2
juvenile examples from Koh Kram in the Inner Gulf of Siam.

Diagnosis. Rather smaller than neighbouring races of
R. rajah. Paler and yellower than R. r. finis with the black ele-
ment disposed somewhat patchily ; white of underparts extending to
fore and hind-feet.

Upper tooth-rows always longer than the palatal foramina
and slightly converging posteriorly; supra-orbital ridges more de-
flected than in finis of the adjacent mainland and with more marked-
ly angular projections at the terminations of the fronto-parietal
sutures; palatal foramina smaller.

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No. 2277/C B K. Collect-
ed on Koh Kram, Inner Gulf of Siam on 30th October 1916.

Measurements. See table postea.

36. Rattus rattus neglectus.
Mus neglectus, Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, IT, p. 14 (1880).
( Borneo ).
Mus rattus, Flower, P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 361.

Epimys rattus, subsp., Kloss, P. Z. 8., 1916, p. 55; id. Journ. Nat.
Hist. Soc. Siam, IT, p. 26 (1916); id. tom. cit., p. 85.

Rattus rattus jalorensis, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 57. No. 2, p. 43 (1917).

53,32 Tachin.

1¢,12 Koh Lak.

Colour above varying from pale ochraceous or bright tawny
slightly streaked with black to tawny much blackened ; below white,

1 Enimys surifer finis, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, IT, p. 26 (1916).

VOL. Il, NO. 4, 1919.

378 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

sometimes tinged with grey on the sides and middle line; feet
white ; a considerably brighter coloured series than that I previous-
ly obtained in 8. E. Siam. Mammae 3 - 2—10.

There is a noticeable amount of individual variation, but I can
see no constant differences amongst the rats of this kind from the
southern parts of Siam, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo ;
and it seems most adviseable therefore to regard all as R. r. neg-
lectus. There are, however, marked tendencies for animals from the
west and north of Siam to be yellower and brighter than those from
the south and east, which are browner and duller and more nearly
agree with neglectus (jalorensis Bonhote, of the Malay Peninsula );
while the former Rattus rattus thai mihi! with 3-3 = 12
mammae ) approximate to sladeni Anderson, from the neighbour-
hood of Bhamo, which also has 3-3 = 12 mamimae but smaller bul-
lae. Sladeni is possibly very close to robustulus Blyth, from Schwe-
gyin, which also has small bullae.

My series was taken near the shores of the Inner Gulf of
Sian from Islands in which (Koh Si Chang and Koh Phai) T have
described the races R. 7, portus and R. 7, poenitentiari 2; both are con-
sistently yellower and paler than the adjacent mainland animal, the
underparts slightly more tinged with yellowish and the feet whiter ;
the former island race is larger and the latter of about the same size
as the mainland animal but with larger teeth and palatal foramina.

( For measurements see table posted.)
37. Rattus rattus lanensis, sub-p. 1 v.

Specimens examined :—1 4,42 ad. and subad., 7 imm. and
juv. examples from Koh Lan, Inner Gulf of Siam.

Diagnosis. Colour consistent, about the same above as in
the lighter, yellower individuals of the mainland, but white of under-
parts slightly tinged with yellow. Size and skull about the same
but teeth larger and palatal foramina extending further back-

wards. Duller and darker than R, r. poenitentiari mihi,

| Journ, N. HL. Soe, Siam, 11, p. 286 (1917).
2 op. Git, iL, pp. 221,29 (1915).

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, STAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 379

Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 2261/CBK. Col-
lected on Koh Lan, Inner Gulf of Siam on 29th October, 1916,
Measurements, See table postea.

38. Rattus rattus kramensis, subsp. nov.
Specimens examined, 33 ad., 2% ad. Koh Krain, Inner Gulf
of Siam.

Diagnosis, Colour consistent above anda shade deeper
than in A. r. lanensis, but without any faint yellow tinge below ;
underparts tinged with pale grey at the sides, feet slightly yellow-
ish. Skull very similar to the mainland form but the zygomata and
infraorbital plate averaging a little wider; scutes of tail coarser.

Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No, 2281/CBK. Col-
lected on Koh Kram, Inner Gulf of Siam on 30th October, 1916.
Measurements :—See table postea.

39. Rattus rattus mesanis, sub p. nov.

Specrmens examined :-—11 5 ad., 112 ad., 5 imm. and juv.
individuals from Koh Mesan, near Cape Liant, S. E. Siam.

Diagnosis, Colour practically consistent above and as in
medium animals from the mainland; below white, sometimes shght-
ly grey at the sides; feet very white. About the same size as
R, vr. portus mihi, but the supraorbital ridges more pronounced and
angular, nasals a little smaller, palatal foramina larger and the
tooth-rows hardly diverging posteriorly. About the same size also
as R. vr. mekensis mihi, (P. Z.S., 1916, p. 55), from the Chantabun
Archipelago, but skull narrower and palatal foramina smaller, bullae
larger, parietal ridges more parallel, colour rather less darkened above
mesially, the undersurface, if silvered, much less so and the metapo-
dials without dark centres.

Type :—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 2320/CBK. Collec-
ted on Koh Mesan Island near Cape Liant, $8. E. Siam on 2nd Novem-
ber, 1916.

Measurements. See table postea.

40. Rattus rattus koratensis, subsp. nov.
Specimens examined :—12 ad., 12 mm. from Lat Bua Kao,
East Siam,

VOL. LI, NO. 4, 1919.

380 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Characters :—A general colour resemblance to the “rattus” rats
of the southern parts of Siam but the skull relatively broader and
the bullae much smaller. Mammae 3-—3=12, as in R, r. thai mihi,
from Central Siam, but the skull broader throughout and the bullae
smaller while the colour of the upper parts is darker,

Colour. Above mingled bright ochraceous-tawny and black-
ish, the sides greyer; below white. Feet white, the metapodials
slightly darkened mesially. Tail brown.

Skull and teeth. Like those of R. rv. neglectus of Siam but
the skull markedly broader in all respects — palate, zygomata, basi-
occipital, etc.; nasals broader, flatter, more spatulate anteriorly ;
bullae considerably smaller and Jess dilated ; palatal foramina large.
As compared with R. r. thai there is less difference in the size of
bullae but the skull characters and the colour distinguish it.

Measurements. See table poste s.

Remarks. The external colour differences are hardly sutt-
cient to separate this race from the local neglectws rat and I might
have regarded the number of mammae as abnormal, bub the skull is
so different in its greater relative breadths, shape of nasals and
diminutive bullae, that there is no doubt of its distinctness.

The immature female is dark brown above and dark grey
on the sides, only slightly speckled,

Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 2196/ C. B. K.
Collected at Lat Bua Kao, East Siam on 19th October 1916.

41. Rattus concolor

Mus concolor, Blyth, Journ, Asiat, Soc. Bengal, XX VILI, p. 295
(1859).

Epimys concolor, Kloss, P.Z.8, 1916, p. 57.

Rattus concolor, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 57,
No. 2, p. 45, (1917) ; Kloss. Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, IIT. p, 62 (1918).

6 adult and 2 immature examples from Koh Lan,

Evidently a common house animal for the village children,
seeing that I wanted rats, brought this species in large numbers in
a very short time; the majority, however, were young examples
taken from the nest.

[ have examined Blyth’s original series (vide Records Ind.

JOURN, NAT, TLIST, SOC, SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 381

Mus. XIII, p. 7) but it is of so unsatisfactory a nature that it
would be unwise to make any remarks about examples from other
localities before good topotypes have been obtained. Gyldenstolple
states that specimens from Koh Lak are absolutely similar to true
Rattus concolor from the Malay Peninsula, but the latter are not
necessarily typical and a specimen from Tioman Island, Pahang,
doubtless derived from the mainland or Singapore, has been named
pullus by Miller.

The measurements of my largest specimen are (No, 2235,
3):—Head and body, 123; tail, 155; hindfoot, s.u., 25; ear, 16.
Skull:—greatest length, 31; condylo-basilar length, 27; diastema,
8; upper molar row (alveoli), 5.4; length of palatal foramina, 5.9;
median length of nasals, 11; combined breadth of nasals 3.3;
zygomatic breadth, 15 mm.

I take this opportunity t> make a few remarks about
Gyldenstolpe’s recently described form Rattus sakaratensis from
Eastern Siam (tom. cit., p. 46, pl. VI, figs 6 and 9) erroneously said
to be related to R concolor with which, and with R. concolor
ephippiwm, it has been compared, It is obviously a member of the
“jerdoni” group and if nothing nearer was available should have
been referred to whiteheadi of which the author possessed
examples from Borneo and from the Malay Peninsula (“asper”
Miller). he figures of the skull agree exactly with skulls of these
Malaysian animals but there are differences as regards the pelage,
Amongst these the tail is said to be “blackish brown throughout
and clothed with short hairs”; the only species of “jerdoni” rat
known t) me with the former character is cremoriventer ; that is,
however, a much larger animal with a longer, narrower skull and
the tail is much longer than the head and body and almost
pencillate ; the spines are extremely numerous and strong while in
sakaratensis they are few and feeble; though the skull and dimen-
sions are those of whiteheadi (asper) the colour is rather that of
eremoriventer,

VOL. III; NO.-4, 1919.

382 MR. C, BODEN KLOSS ON

42. Bandicota siamensis, nov.

Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No. 2218/CBK. Colleet-
ed at Tachin, Central Siam on 23rd Oct., 1216.

Characters, Pelage apparently resembling that of B. mordax.

Thomas, from Chiengmai, N. Siam,* but skull broader with
longer nasals ; toothrow shorter and m!' narrower.

Colour. ‘Top of muzzle, occiput, orbital region and shoulders
brownish-black, the under-fur being mouse grey to clove-brown ;
from shoulders to rump the under-fur —neutral grey at base, hair-
brown at tip— is overlaid by long glistening brownish-black piles
Which attain a length of 60-70 mm, on the rump. Fur of sides of
head and body with neutral-grey bases and mouse-grey tips, thickly
beset with (1) longer blackish hairs, and (2) longer butfy-white hairs
with faintly indicated black tips ; the latter sort occurring to a much
less degree on the dorsal region, Upper sides of fore and hind limbs
blackish-brown with a few whitish hairs bordering the claws.

Throat and lower cheeks nearly light neutral-grey, the gener-
al colour effect of the remainder of the underparts mouse-grey
slightly silvered by the whitish tips of many of the hairs.

Tail dark brown, coarsely haired, with eight rings of scales
to the centimetre at mid-length.

Skall and teeth. The measurements of the skull show that
it is somewhat broader than the type of B. mordax and has longer
nasals. The teeth are smaller than in the latter where their large
size, especially in breadth, is the main character on which the species
is erected,

As compared with the skull of an adult female of B, setifera
(Horsf.) from Indramaju, Java, which is slightly smaller, the infra-
orbital plate and the posterior root of the zygoma are narrower and the
zygomatic space is larger; the palatal foramina are more narrowed
posteriorly and the bullae are noticeably smaller; the nasals are
larger; the teeth are not so broad and the upper rows exhibit
greater convergence anteriorly,

* Journ. Bombay Nat, Hist, Soc., XXTV, p, 42 (1916),

JOURN, NAL, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 383

Measurements. External measurements taken in the flesh :-—
siamensis mordax — setifera

Head and body... i 279 228 230*
Tail = Be 246 230 195*
Hind foot, s.u. ots ate 55 52 Gar
Ear ; ans sks 31 31 a0"
Skull :-—

Greatest length ... aba 60 -— 59
Condylo-basilar length ehe 55 55.8 54
Basilar length... in 51.9 — 50.2
Palatilar length ... ie 30.9 30.0 209
Length of palatal foramina ... 11 EE 11
Diastema ii FE 18.3 — List
Nasals ... ve .. 22.9%7.0 210x68 20.9 x 6.0
Interorbital breadth vas 8.0 7.4 8.7
Breadth between ridges on

parietals ce met 13.0 12.4 11.0
Zygomatic breadth ne Be 30 —
Upper tooth row, crowns... 9.0 10.8 9.2

- - » alveoli be hes — Lid
Breadth of m! Re 3.4 3.8 3.6

Specumens examined. One, the type.

Remarks. This animal seems to be closely allied to B. setifera
and B. mordax. In addition to cranial and dental differences it
seems to be rather larger than either, and darker in colour than
setifera, while its undersurface is mouse-grey against the “slaty-
grey” of mordaz.

The specimen was trapped in the rice fields (where it lived
in burrows) surrounding the village of Pak Bu near Tachin.

43. Cannomys minor.
Rhizomys minor, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. X, p. 226 (1842);
Bonhote, P. Z.S. 1900, p. 195; Gyldenstolpe, Arkiv for Zoologi.
8, No 23, p. 19 (1914).
Cannomys minor, Thomas, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist (8) XVI,
p. S16,7 (1915).

* from spirit specimen.

VOL, III, No, 4; 1919,

384 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Cannomys minor lonnbergi, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl., 57, No 2, p. 47 (1917).

22 ad. Lat Bua Kao, E. Siam. Nos 2149, 2150.

3 ad., lat. 14° 37’, long. 98° 30' Western Siam. Nos. 2533-5
[Mr. A. J. Irwin] (Skins and skeletons.)

1¢ subadult. North of Lakon Lampang, N. Siam. No. 2467.
[Mr. P. A. R. Barron.]

1 skin without skull, Me Chang, Lakon Lampang. No. 2468.
[Mr. K. G. Gairdner] (hind foot in dried skin, 28.5: tail, 55.)

No 2467 is younger than the others with the parietal ridges
9-10 mm. apart; in the rest the greatest distance between these is
4mm. at most (in No. 2535, the oldest): in none have the ridges
joined to form a sagittal crest as in the obviously very aged ex-
ample of badius figured by Anderson 1.

The East Siam animals differ from the others in the follow-
ing respects:—the fronto-parietal ridges are much more distinet,
especially on the frontals, and are not pinched together posteriorly ;
the sutures about the nasals, both median and lateral, are much
more open (in No, 2533 they are nearly obliterated mesially) and
the occiput makes a more acute angle with the floor of the skull.
These slight differences do not seem sufficient to separate the
specimens into races, especially as we do not know how they stand
towards topotypes.

Thomas examined some half dozen examples of the little
Siamese bamboo-rat (including the type of minor), in connection
with series of the other species or races from Burma, ete.,2 and pro-
fessed himself unable to come to any satisfactory conclusion about
the former, and for the present we all seem to be in the same posi-
tion. He notes that all Cannomys (red bamboo-rats) “are of
similar proportions and all, with one exception ( plimbescens of the
North Shan States) have the coat washed terminally with some
shade of rufous which may be brighter in some and deeper in others,
but the difference is never beyond the range of individual variation.

1 Anat’ & Zool. Res. pl. XVI. figs. 4, 5, 6.
2 Op. cit. pp. 313-7 (1915)

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 385

Northern specimens [of minor] from Chiengmai and Nan can hardly
be distinguished from C. badiws but they vary considerably among
themselves.” As no two forms of Cannomys seem to occur to-
gether it is possible that all are only geographical races of one
species.

IT have not got Gray’s original description of minor but
Horsfield! speaks of the type as “uniformly brown with a slight deep
chestnut reflection” though Anderson? says of it and of a Cambo-
dian (?) specimen in the British Museum obtained by Mouhot “dark
sooty-brown, slightly tinged with deep umber which is most distinct
on the sides of the head and neck and in reflected lights, but is least
marked in the Cambodians specimen. The under parts are like the
upper only the brown is almost absent.” : his coloured plate ( XV )
agrees with this.

My seven examples, however, which, appear to belong to one
form oniy, though obtained over a fairly wide area, by their colour
much more resemble descriptions of the animal accepted as badius,”
also describe and figured by Anderson 3, but their skulls resemble the
skull from Cambodia ( ? lege Petchaburi, W. Siam ) figured by him
as minor, and I think it best, therefore, to record all by that name.

Gyldenstolpe bases the name C. m. lonnbergi on two speci-
mens from Eastern Siam collected near the locality whence came my
two animals; they are notably smaller than the latter—consider-
ably smaller in fact than any example of Cannomys yet recorded —
and their colour is described as generally “slaty grey with a
longitudinal white band down the crown. From the chin down
the throat a narrow white line” They were originally recorded as
minor and it was then said of them that they “seem to be full
grown” and later the specimen chosen as the type of lonnbergi was
said to be adult: One of my series, the sub-adult male from

1 Cat. Mamm. Mus. East Indian Co., p 165 (1851 )

2 Op. cit. p. 328

3 Op. cit. p. 329, pl. XIV.

+ The only specimen in the British Museum obtained by Mouhot
is said by Thomas to have this provenance, and is probably that
referred to by Anderson as stated to have come from Cambodia.
Op.cit., pl. XVI, figs.7, 8; 9.

i

VOL. III, No. 4, 1919.

386 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Lakon Lampang (No 2467) has a white stripe from muzzle to
occiput and has rather less brown than other, and more adult,
examples.

If one may venture an opinion regarding material one has
not examined, I think that Gyldenstolpe’s animals may only be
immature individuals of the form represented by my Lat Bua Kao
specimens ; otherwise we have the discovery of two distinct species
of Cunnomys occurring together, whereas the other forms at
present known, which each occupy a separate area, seem to me
to be only geographical races of minor or badius—both date from
1842, and I do not know which name is the older.

We are not yet in a position to safely propose new Siamese
races of Cannomys, for the type (collected by Finlayson) is
“immature and much deteriorated ” (Thomas), and apparently lacks

a skull. Recent workers do not seem to have been cognisant of its
exact provenance but it came according to its collector's journal,*
from Bamvasor—a place name unknown in Siam in that form.
Mr. A. J. Irwin, Adviser to the Royal Siamese Survey Department,
informs me, however, that this is undoubtedly a corruption of
Bangplasoi, sometimes called Bamplasoi, a district situated in the
corner of the Inner Gulf of Siam less than 30 miles east of
the Chao Phya river mouth. Finlayson’s specimen may well
have come thence to Bangkok or Koh Si Chang, places visited by
him, for “tun” are appreciated as food by the Siamese peasantry,
and are also kept as pets. Of their habits Mr. Irwin says (in Litt.)
“There were no bamboos near where I obtained my three speci-
mens, These animals are very like the English mole in their
habits and burrow about in open country leaving regular hills, and
are rather unlike the larger bamboo-rat which I have always found
at the foot of bamboos where they gnaw away making quite an
audible sound, even though they may be some feet under ground.
The country-people say that the “tun” feeds on grass-roots, ete, and
grubs, There were any amount of them in the district I was in;
one was caught in camp within five yards of my tent. Village

* vide Horsefield, loc. eit. supr. «

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 387

children sometimes keep them as pets in jars—they eat their way
out of wooden cages, or even out of a kerosine oil tin if there is any
rent init. The “tun” is an inhabitant of “Pa deng” or red
jungle, ¢.e., dry jungle of a somewhat open nature such as bamboo
country or very open glades with clumps of trees in districts which
are not subject to inundation.”

Measurements of Cannomys in millimetres.

a i ER TE EME 8 A

east |
Number 2 | 2149 2150° | 2535 2534 2533 | 2467
Sex and age as .. | Sad. Pad | ad, ad. ad. $ subad
Head and body... WS 207 215 | — mt aoe ==
Pants a ays wa ae 64 | 59 | -- — | — 55*
Hindfoot, s.u. ee Ac | aL 30 30.5* 20 26* 29*
[an ois +s | 13 | 13 | — == 2 =
Skull and teeth:— | |
Greatest length .. Re 46.3 46.2 | 48 | — | 42.7 tas
Condylo-basilar length .. 43.2 43 ce 38 —
Palatilar length .. .. 26.8 26.4 27.1| 24] 293.7 22
Buteinn | ae Oy A: tea OP are aT ae 15 4
Upper molar series (alveoli) 10.7 10.4 10.8; 10.1 | 9.7 10
» 9 97 (crowns) 9 9 10| 9.1 8.9 | 8.1
Palatal breadth between ) | | | |
Pte 31 2.9 31 2.3 | 2.3. 1.9
anterior roots of 7.2) | |
Nasals a¢ be -. (16.5 x 6.2 |16.1x6.3 | 17x6.5| — 15x 5.3 | 13.5x4.7
Interorbital breadth aa 9.8 | 9.2 | ees 8.3 | 9.2
Zygomatic breadth a 34 34 | 35.2| — o1e2'| 29.3
Auditory breadth .. vs | 25 | 25.6 26.3} — 23.4 =
Braincase breadth .. me | 19.8 19.4 20.9; — | 19 19
Least breadth between ) | | | |
Pera | 2 Lif i! = 1.3 2.8
ridges on frontals ) | . | /

{ i
RE RS

* from dried skin.

VOL Ill, NO. 4, 1919.

388 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

44 Lepus siamensis

Bouhote, P. Z. 8. 1902, i, p 40; Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl., 57, No 2, p. 49, (1917)

2 subad. examples, Chengmai, N. Siam ( topotypes ). Nos.
2531-2. :

l adult example, Paknampo, Central Siam.1 No, 2122.

2 3 subad., 1 2 subad., Lopburi, Central Siam. Nos 2123-5.

1 2 ad., Muak Lek, E. Siam between Ayuthia and Korat.
No. 2105

1 d subad., 1 Qad., 12 juv., Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. Nos,
2444-5, 2402

2 ¢ subad., 12 subad., Mouth of Pran River, S. W. Siam.2 Nos.
2536-8.

Tn colour all these specimens agree closely with Bonhote’s
description of the type.

Above warm buff and black, the latter nearly absent on the
sides and limbs, the shoulders tinged with ochraceous; the hind-
limbs ochraceous-buff, the forelimbs and nape nearly ochraceous, all
without any black element. Top of muzzle and head ochraceous
and black, sides of muzzle to eyes dull whitish. Ears finely grizzled
ochraceous-buff and black, the latter in excess; the edges fringed
with buffy hairs palest posteriorly; inner side of tips ochraceous-
buff, outer side blackish. ‘Tail above pure brownish-black, below
white. Sides and front of neck avellaneous-buff, the hairs fre-
quently slightly blackened; fore-chest rather more ochraceous ;
throat and underparts of body white, this colour extending down
the inner sides of the hindlimbs and less distinctly on to the inner
sides of the feet.

The dorsal hairs are pale grey at base becoming tinged with
buff higher up, next broadly annulated with black, or blackish-
brown, and buff and finally tipped with black.

As compared with the type of peguensis Blyth (the only one
available of that form and unfortunately lacking the posterior portion

1 Mr. K,. G. Gairdner coll,
2 Messrs. W. J. F. Williamson & M. A. Smith’s collectors.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

i

a

ram Pye

a)

ca.

»

JOURN. NAT. Hist. Soc. SIAM, VOL. III. PL. 7,

24.02 2532 9194.

\sle% Ne ise

2125 9531 2AAL

\sdlse% A sdlse7 Up lye

QAAS 2123 2122

Nad” \aylye7 ly 7 Ses

2538 2537 2536 21095

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 389

of the zygomata, lower part of the cranium, basioccipital and bullae),
skulls are essentially similar, but on the whole the nostrils are less
acutely pointed behind ; the postorbital processes do not quite touch
the cranium posteriorly, though in one example there are indications
that contact might occur ; the palatal foramina are narrower and the
palate bridge broader. The anterior feet of the zygomata are well
expanded ; the basioccipital is very variable in shape and cannot be
relied on for purposes of differentiation.

As regards the teeth the incisor groove in peguensis (type)
is essentially bifurcate, with the outer branch again forking !; in the
series of siamensis the groove is well-filled with cement but is
extremely variable otherwise. In the leveret (No, 2402) it is bifur-
cate, but in older animals the evolution can be clearly traced (Nos.
2532, 2124, 2444, etc.) of the three-branched pattern found in other
individuals which is probably typical (Nos. 2445, 2123, 2122). The
most eastern and southern specimens exhibit, on the whole, a much
more complicated groove than the others, as they have four, and
even five, branches (Nos, 2536-8, 2105)

The .present series, though it does not come from one place,
is undoubtedly of one form only, and serves well to illustrate
Forsyth-Major’s conclusions? :—“ Specimens of the same species
may vary slightly owing partly to individual variation. But the
shape of the enamel fold varies equally at different stages in the
age of the animal; species whose incisors show the most complicated
pattern in the adult have as yet no trace of this in very young
annimals; and vice versa in very old specimens complication tends
to disappear again. As shown by several of the text-figures, slight
variations between the right and left incisor of the same individual
also occur.”

The incisor groove is a feature that can only be depended on
within wide limits for separation of different forms.

Lepus siamensis does not seem to differ markedly from
L. peguensis, and is distinguished by the absence of any white on

1 vide Records of the Indian Museum, XV., p. 92, fig. 11 (1918).
2 Trans. Linn. Soc, VII, Zoology, p. 466. (1899 ).

VOL. 111, NO. 4; 1919;

390 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

the upper surface of the hindfeet and perhaps by the more indepen-
dent branching of the incisor groove when trifureate. Mr. T. H.
Lyle, who collected the type, tells me that it was perhaps rather
immature, an opinion that is borne out by the description of the
grooves. He has sent me a series of external measurements (which
are given below) and furnishes a curious belief held by the Siamese
with regard to this animal: “The peasantry believe that there is
no male hare, just as they believe there is no male paddy-bird ”*—
an interesting parallel to the “she” by which the hare is always
referred to at home.

Hares are reported to occur in Bangtaphan and Patiyu the
next districts southwards of Pran, but no farther down the Malay

Peninsula.
Locality. Sex. H.& B. Tail. H.f. Ear.
Nan, North Siam Wi af se 460 55 105 84
" } i ais cn we & 484 84. 106 87
* a 3 i * pase) ene 82 101 90
aa eee aa!) ee pcan iet dO) Oe
a « rr (immature) gts 6 470 78 105 86
pieibimeh 1h se) ital ca xc 9 GOO 5 he
» ‘s i iy ii os Rhy 402 82 110 91
Chiengmoan, west of Nan (2 foetuses) ; 465 77 102 93
Lampang, North Siam (2 foetuses) ? 440 68 96 86
Mehongson, west of Chiengmai,N, Siam ¢ 428 70 100 84
Between Bangkok and Paknampo, 8. Siam * 485 77 106 89

For other measurements see table posted.)

45. Acanthion brachyurus klossi.

Acanthion klossi, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) X VII, p. 136,
(1916); Kloss, P.Z.S., 1916, p. 61.

Acanthion trachyurus klossi, Kloss, Journ, N. TH. Soc. Siam, ITI, p. 65,
(1918).

A long shot at a porcupine on Koh Mesan only produced
some dropped quills ; the animal was doubtless an individual of this
form, which has a known range from ‘Tenasserim to the border of
Cambodia.

* Bubuleus coromandus.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOO, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 391

INGULATA.,

46. Bos gaurus readi.
Bos gaurus readi, Lyddekker, Zoologist, ser 4, VII, p. 266 (1903) ;
id, Game Animals of India, ete., p. 60-62, fig 5 (1907).

A pair of detached horns, exact locality unknown.

Though short (length along outer curve 23} inches) these
horns are very massive for their length having a basal girth of 17
inches.

Mr. K. G. Gairdner (in Journ N. H. Soc. I. p. 118 and plate)
gives measurments of some Siamese heads and figures two
pairs which show what very different forms the horns of this
species may take; Gyldenstolpe ( Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 57,
No 2, p. 57, pl. 1, fig 3) figures as B. gy. readi a very extraordinary
trophy from Prachuap Kirikan, S. W. Siam, with the bases of the
horns much swollen and rugose and nearly touching on the intercor-
nual ridge: it is, however, in several ways more suggestive of a
banteng than of a gaur.

Practically all Siamese specimens have been obtained in the
north or west.

(I am indebted to Mr. W. E. Trotter for these horns and four
pairs of the Cervus antlers mentioned below )

47. Capricornis sumatraensis annectens, subsp. ».

Intermediate between C. s. swmatraensis and C. s. milne-
edwards: of Szechuan. Differs from the first in having the lower
parts of the limbs largely rufous, and from the latter in having the
rufous colour not extending above the knees and hocks.

General colour black but the bases of the hairs on back and
sides of body largely white, giving a grizzled appearance to the
pelage. Mane very variable in size and colour but white basally ;
anteriorly the hairs nearly always largely black ; posteriorly the
distal portion of the hairs variable, black or chocolate or pale drab:
sometimes with a few entirely dark hairs intermixed. Tail with a
few rufous or albescent hairs.

Outer surface of ears with many rufous hairs basally, inner
surfaces white. Extremity of muzzle and the lips white; a large

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

392 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

rufous and white throat patch, broadest posteriorly, continuous with
the white of the lips and with it surrounding a black chin-patch.

Limbs black or blackish brown to the knees and hocks, below
which they are variable in colour ; a considerable amount of rufous
present, and always the back of pasterns and the hair surrounding
the upper digits rufous ; sometimes the shanks are completely rufous,
sometimes rufous in patches, and sometimes mingled rufous and
black.

1 3 imm., 1 2 juv. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 11th Nov., 1916.
Nos. 2413,4/CBK. Other specimens :—an example from Koh Lak
shot by Mr. T. 8S. Butler (vide Irwin, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, I,
p. 21); a female from near Si-sa-wad, Quaa Yai River, Western
Siam, shot by Mr. K. G. Gairdner ( vide Gairdner, ibid, p. 254 ).
Both in the British Museum.

The typical locality may be taken as Kok Lak though this is
probably nearly the extreme southern limit of the range. The
form apparently extends north to meet C. s. milne-edwardsi, at
least as far as the Shan States, and it also seems to inhabit Pegu.

I deliberately refrain from selecting a type in this instance,
as my experience of serows is that they exhibit so considerable an
amount of individual variation that a single example may give a
false idea of the characters of a race. As I am going into the
subject of Siamese and Malayan serows at some length in a paper
for this Journal, I shall not deal with the present form in further
detail here; the variation, however, is probably greater than
suggested above.

I am by no means certain that the various recognised
serows are all subspecies of swmatraensis, but I prefer to regard
them as such at present, and to consider that the inosculation which
to some extent occurs, is due to irregular gradation caused by
individual variation, and also perhaps to wandering _ habits.
Serows are not lowland animals, and when they leave a hill for
the plains, as they sometimes do, and not return to it, it
inay be necessary for them to travel considerable distances before

they find another suitable home. This may be the explanation of

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 393

overlapping in certain places, such as the Koh Lak Peaks, where
the present form occurs in association with animals in which the
lower legs are almost entirely black.

My specimens were shot on the rugged limestone hill
which forms the southern extremity of Koh Lak Bay. Near it are
some limestone islets, one of which about a hundred yards to
seaward is connected with the mainland hill by a reef almost dry
at low tide; it was on this that Mr Butler obtained his specimen,
but it is well known locally that the serows swim to and fro
between mainland and islands.

48. Cervus unicolor equinus Cuv.
Cervus unicolor subsp, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 62.
Cervus unicolor equinus, Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, TI, p. 28
(1916).

Two pairs of antlers, exact locality unknown,

Indistinguishable from Sumatran and Malayan examples
with the inner hinder tine of the terminal fork much shorter than
the anterior outer one.

The measurements and figure of a particularly fine pair of
Siamese antlers are given by Mr. K. G. Gairdner in the Journal of
the Natural History Society of Siam, Vol. I, p. 117 and plate (1914).

49. Cervus eldi siamensis*
(PLATE 8).
Cervus eldi siamensis, Lydekker, Cat. Ung. Brit. Mus., IV, p. 104
(1915)

Panolia platyceros, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 181 (1843) ;
Blyth, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 842, text figs 20-23, p. 841. ;
Cervus eldi platyceros, Auct., Gairdner, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam,

I, p. 115 (1914).

Three pairs of antlers, exact locality unknown.

Two of the specimens are of normal size but the third pair,
which I purchased in Bangkok, is an unusually fine example not
only in length but in massiveness also. Greatest dimensions are :—

Length of outer curve (exclusive of the brow tine) 36 inches.

‘ ,, brow tine along lower side 131

“Tf this deer is regarded as belonging to a genus distinct from
Cervus, i.e. Rucervus, it should then be called Rucerrus eldi platyceros

(Gray).

VOL: lil, NO; +4, 1919.

?

394 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

Length along outer curve of main antler and brow tine

combined 50 inches,
Tip to tip of antlers Pass be
Maximum width inside antlers 24} ,,
Circumference below the brow tine Se. tes
above brow tine 7}
near mid-beam (least) 2
above the first spike 63

The appearance of the horns is spoilt by asymmetry; there
are five points on one beam and six on the other, while one brow
tine has two spikes, the other only one (see plate).

Approximate weight exclusive of bone, 9 Ibs.

50. Muntaicus muntjak subsp.

Muntaicus muntjac curvostylis, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl., 57, No. 2, p. 54 (1917).

1¢ ad. Koh Lak

1¢ imm. Koh Mesan off Cape Liant.

These animals are very different from the dull-coloured
barking-deer of Tenasserim, J. m. grandicornis Lydekker, as re-
presented by examples from Victoria Point. They most nearly
resemble specimens of J. m penimsulae Lydekker, from Perak,
Malay States, which isa brightly coloured form (typical locality,
Pangkor Id, Dindings).

Compared with the latter the apparent differences are :—in
the Siamese examples the sides of the face, forehead, occiput and
pelicels are much paler (more buffy, less rufous); the meck and
shoulders are more ochraceous (less tinged with brown), and. the
median dorsal line not quite so deep a shade of rufous and not black-
speckled ; the lower parts of the hindlegs are a little darker in front
and the feet are also darker, while the underbody is more fulvous
and less tinged with brown. Whitish patches above the hoofs, a
feature of common occurrence, are exhibited by both specimens.

To Siamese antlers from Petchabun, Central Siam, the nawe
curvostylis was given by Gray; but material in collections is so
scanty and imperfect that we do not know what the characters of
typical animals are,

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

JOURN. NAT. Hist. Soc. SIAM, Vou. III. PL. 8.

BROW-ANTLERED DEER OR LAMANG.
(Cervus eldi siamensis, Lydekker ).

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM. 395

I have the skull and skin (without limbs or tail) of an im-
mature female obtained by Messrs. Elwes and Yates in the Me
Wang Forest about 100 miles west of Petchabun, which geogra-
phically more nearly represents a topotype than anything else on
record, It is slightly less bright than my specimens (thus seeming -
ly approximating to grandicoriis, type locality Amherst) and has
the tips of the ears broadly white externally, whereas the others
have only the borders of the ears white. All three animals have
the inside of the ears pure white. with no sign of a tawny patch at
the lower edge. I propose to leave them under the specific name
until better material representing cwrvostylis has been obtained.

I was told by the Siames2 crew of my boat, who knew the
district well, that the Koh Mesan “7 keng” is a much smaller
animal than that of the mainland.

Measurements of the Koh Lak! and Koh Megan? animals
respectively :—head and body, 940,940; tail, 175, 170; hind foot, s.
u., 285, 290; ear, 97, 98; height at shoulder, 575, 550. Skull:
greatest length, 200,184; greatest breath, 90, 70; length of pedical

from base on inner side 88 (116 to tip of horn in the latter).
51. Tragulus kanchil affinis.

Tragulus affinis, Gray, P. ZS, i861, p. 13
Tragulus kanchil affinis, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 63; id. Journ, Nat.
Hist. Soc. Siam, IT, p. 86 (1916),

1 ¢ imm, 1 2 ad. Lat Bua Kao.

Two very typical examples with faintly indicated nuchal
stripes of the same colour as the crown.

Measurements of the adult :—External dimensions taken in
the flesh :—head and body, 450; tail 80, hindfoot, cu., 115; ear, 37.
Skull :—greatest length, 95; condylo-basal length, 87; basal length,
50; palatal length, 59; upper tooth row (alveoli), 32.5, crowns, 33;
crowns of premolars only, 16; greatest length of nasals, 29; great-
est breadth of combined nasals, 12.8; least interorbital breadth,

26.6; zygomatic breadth, 42.5; external biorbital breadth, 45.6.

1. Weight 60 Ibs.
*. Horns not yet differentiated from the pedicels.

VOL. HI, NO. 4, 1919. —

396 MR. ©. BODEN KLOSS ON

My 7. k. williamsont from North Siam! is not only larger
but has the upper parts less blackened and of a deeper, more tawny,
colour with paler, narrower throat markings; the palatal extension
is shorter and broader, but the external biorbital breadth is about
the same. TZ. k. angustiae? from S. Tenasserim and §. W. Siam is
rather more brightly coloured and has the nuchal stripe dark and
distinct.

EDENTATA.
52. Manis javanica.
Manis javanica, Desm., Mamm. p. 377 (1822); Kloss, Journ,
N. H. Soc. Siam, IIT, p.-65 (1918).

L subad., Lat Bua Kao.

Longitudinal rows of scales round the body, 17; total
number of scales in the longitudinal median line, 61; number of
scales in the upper median line of tail only, 29.

Head and body, 480; tail, 880; hindfoot, 80 mm. Skull :—

greatest length, 90; basal length, 86; greatest breadth, 35.7mm.

AN ALTERNATIVE NAME FOR PRESBYTIS GERMAINI MANDIBULARIS.

For the benefit of those who follow Mr. Oldfield Thomas in
the use of Pithecus as the generic name for the langurs or leaf-
monkeys, I name the animal of Koh Chang 8. E. Siam, Pitheeus
yermatni changensis as well as Preshytis germaini mandibularis,
under which its description will be found in P. Z.8., 1916, p. 32.
The combination Pitheeus mandibularis is preoecupied, having been
applied by Elliot to a macaque from Western Borneo (Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 38, 1910, p. 347); as, therefore, whenever the Koh Chang
leaf-money is placed in Pifheews it will be without a name, I provide
it with one as above,

CU, BopEN Koss,

| Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, LI, p. 88 (1916).
2 Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., VIT, p, 254 (1918).

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, STAM,

397

MAMMALS COLLECTED IN SIAM.

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VOL, III, NO. 4, 1919,

BODEN KLOSS ON

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4, 1919,

VOL. III, NO.

BODEN KLOSS ON

C.

MR.

400

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Itl, NO, 4, 1919.

VOL.

ea

MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

402

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403

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VOL. Ill, NO. 4,1

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405

IN SIAM.

MAMMALS COLLECTED

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VOL. III, NO. 4, 191

BODEN KLOSS ON

Cc.

MR.

406

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409

NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS
FORMED BY MR. E. G. HERBERT, C.M-Z.S., M-B-O.U.

(continued from p. 216).
109. PRATINCOLA TORQUATA PRZWALSKIIL.
Pratincola maura, vav. Przwalskii, Pleske, Wiss. Res. -Przwalskii,
Rieser, Vogel, i, p. 46 (1889).

3 juv., ¢, 2 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 14-17.11.15.

¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 1.1.16.

2 ¢6 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 1 4-17.3.16.

[ plaze these birds provisionally under this name, but their
position is very doubtful, as is often the case with many migrant
specimens of Pratincola. They are typically large birds, the males
having wings over 72mm. and the females between 67 and 69 mm.
This is an extremely common breeding bird over the whole of the
Himalayas and northern Burmese hills, and from the huge mass of
inaterial in the British Museum of migratory birds in India, Burma
ani China it is easy to pick out series which would agree with any
one of the three forms supposed to come within these limits. In
spite of their large size, the white on the sides of the neck and on
the breast is very extensive, and the under parts seem very pale
when compared with typical przwalshie.

110.) HybDROCICHLA FRONTALIS.
Knicurus frontalis, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xvi, p. 156 (1847).
¢ 9 Tung Song, P. Siam, 12.9.15.

111. HybrocicHLa RUFICAPILLA.

Enicurus ruficapillus, Temm. PI. Col. iii, pl. 534 (1832).

¢ juy. 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 16-18.9.15.

The young male is like an adult female, and shews no signs
of spots or of having been spotted.

112. LARVIVORA CYANEA.
Motaeilla cyanea, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs. iii, p. 697 (1776).
} Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 3.10.15.
@ Krabin, C. Siam, 5.11.15.
2 Maprit, P. Siam, 30.12.15.
; 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 16-18.1.16.

a

a

VOL. IT; NO..4, 1919:

410 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

113. CrrrocincLA MACROURA MACROURA.

Turdus macrourus, Gmel. 8.N. i, p. 820 (1788).

’ Hup Bon, 8S. E. Siam, 21.7.15.

Muak Lek, E. Siam, 23.8.15.

Tung Song, P. Siam, 19.9.15.

3 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 30.9 and 4.10.15.
* Krabin, C. Siam, 2-9.11.15.

I can see no difference between these birds and typical Indian

-

A

Ww #0 40

specimens either in size or colouration. Indeed, in so far as the
material in the British Museum is concerned, I cannot divide the
two races macrowra and tricolor, As far as [ can see the males of
the two supposed races do not differ in the least from one another,
and in both, the measurements of the wing vary from 89 to
1OL mimi.

Sclater’s swavis is named by him on a short tailed specimen
with a small wing of 9L mm., which he presumes to be a female,
but which had not been sexed by the collector. In the same way
Sharpe presumed his specimens also to be females, though he has
given no reasons for his presumption, and the specimens had never
heen sexed. The males of swavis run from 97 to 102 mm., and the
spot of black on the outermost tail feather is almost invariably
very small,

L14. GEOCICHLA CITRINA INNOTATA.

Geocichla innotata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv, p. 870 (1846).

’ Maprit, 9.1.16. (big white spot.)

245 2% Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 16-20.1.16. (Two spotted
and two unspotted.

The above series might really be called either citrina or
innotatu, as they are half the one and half the other. Over prac-
tically the whole of northern and central Siam G. ¢. citrine is the
only form found, but in Peninsular Siam and Burma birds with, and
birds without, the spot are found in about equal numbers until the
extreme south of Siam is reached, when only the latter form is met
with. On the other hand in eastern Burma there are well spotted

specimens to be met with as far north as Karenni,

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, STAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 411

115. MONTICOLA SOLITARIA PHILIPPENSIS.
Turdus philippensis, Muller, Nat. Sys. Anhung, p. 142 (1776).
¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 31.12.15.
This bird answers exactly to Hartert’s description (Vog. Pal.
p. 675), but the variation found in M. solitaria over the greater part
of the centre of its range is enormous, and probably there are really
only two recognisable sub-species of this thrush.

116. PLOCEUS PHILIPPINUS INFORTUNATUS,

Ploceus passerinus in fortunatus, Hart. Nov. Zool. ix, p. 579 (1902).

2 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 19.6.15.

2 ¢ Meklong, C. Siam, 26.6.15.

Mr. Herbert’s specimens agree well with Hartert’s diagnosis
of his infortunatus, having wings between 66 and 70 mm. But a
series of birds collected by Mr. Williamson at Bangkok are all very
big, running from 70 to 74 mm.

117. MUNIA ATRICAPILLA ATRICAPILLA.

Loxia atricapilla, Vieill. Ois. Chant. p. 84, pl. 53 (1805).

3 Meklong, C. Siam, 27.6.15.

In appearance this particular individual is perhaps nearer
rubronigra than atricapilla, but as the great majority of birds from
this portion of Sian are much closer to the latter form I leave it
provisionally under that name.

118. . UROLONCHA ACUTICAUDA ACUTICAUDA.

Munia acuticauda, Hodgs. As. Rev. xix, p. 153 (1836).

3 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 20.8.15.

6 Muak Lek, E. Siam, 25.8.15. ots

Both these specimens are typical acufticuuda, quite insep-
arable from northern Indian birds.

In working through the long series of this Mwnia in the
Museum collection, I wes struck with the fact that both Formosan
and Hainan birds, which have hitherto been placed under the naine
U. a. squamicollis, ave really far closer to U. a. acuticauda than
they are to that bird, and if they are not deemed worthy of a
separate name to themselves should bear the Indian name.

VOL. Il, NO. 4, 1919.

412 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

119. PASSER MONTANA SATURATA,
Stjn. Pro. U.S. Mus. viii, p. 19 (1885).
2 Bangkok, 14.3.16.
120. HIRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURALIS.
Hirundo gutturalis, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun, Insubr, ii, p. 96 (1786).
¢ Samkok, C. Siam, 29.8.15.
3 ¢ 3 2 Bangkok, 10,2 to 14.3.16.

121. MOTACILLA BOARULA MELANOPE.
Motacilla melanope, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii, p. 696 (1776).
o Muak Lek, E. Siam, 24.8.15.
122. DENDROGNATHUS INDICUS,

Motacilla indica, Gmel. 8. N. i, p. 962 (1788),

2 ¢ Muak Lek, E. Siam, 22.8.15.

2 Samkok, C. Siam, 30.8.15.

? Samray, Bangkok, 16.12.15.

123. ANTHUS MACULATUS.

Anthus maculatus, Hodgs. in Gray’s Zool, Mise. p. 83 (1844),

25 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 13-14,11.15.

I have shewn elsewhere (Bull. B.O.C. xxxvii, p. 44,1917) that
maculatus cannot be considered the Eastern form of trivialis, as
Witherby has named a discovery of Harington’s Anthus trivialis
haringtoni, which breeds within the same area in the Himalayas as

that within which maculatus regularly nests.

124. ANTHUS RICHARDI RICHARDI,

Anthus richardi, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. V Hist. Nat., xxvi, p. 491 (1818).

¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 13.11.15.

This is a rather small bird with a wing of only 92 mm., but
has the huge claw to the hind-toe of richardi, full 19 mm. long, and
also a well-developed white penultimate tail feather,

125. ANTHUS RICHARDL RUFULUS,

Anthus rufulus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat., xxvi, p. 494
(1818).

4 ¢ Bangkok, 30.6 to 11.7.15.
2 Samkok, C. Siam, 31.8.15 and 17.3.16.
‘ Krabin, C. Siam, 30.10.15.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 413

I cannot define any distinction between the birds of this
series and others from 8. India, Assam, Bengal and Upper Burma.

This Pipit is remarkably constant in size throughout the
whole of its range; the usual laws creating small races in the south
and large ones in the north do not seem to operate in respect to this
species nor can I trace any deepening of colour in humid countries
with a corresponding loss of colour in dry and desert areas.

126. MIRAFRA CANTILLANS WILLIAMSONI.

Baker, Bull. B. O. C. No. cex, p. 9. (1915).

5 ¢ Bangkok, 16.6 to 11.7.15.

2 Sansep, Bangkok, 3.7.15.

$ Samkok, C. Siam, 30.8.15.

The above 7 birds completely bear out my diagnosis of the
sub-species made by me in the Bulletin, the wings of the series
varying between 66 and 73 mm, There is, however, another
Mirifra cantillans specimen obtained by Mr. Herbert on the 20th
June at Samkok, which is very different to the rest. It isa huge
bird with a wing of 82 mm. and though very similar in general
appearance t) the others, is unusually richly coloured, and has very
red wings: For the present I cannot place this specimen. It is
possibly only an aberrant specimen of williamsoni, for we cannot
have two breeding races in the same area, but similar specimens
should be carefully watched for and recorded.

. 127. MIRAFRA ASSAMICA MARION.

Baker, Bull. B. O. C. No. cexi, p. 34 (1915).

g Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 13.7.15.

$ & Krabin, C. Siam, 4.11.15.

The colouration of the above three specimens agrees well
with those described in the Bulletin, but the wings measure 73, 77
and 78 min. respectively, making the average, for the five, 75.5 mm.
The smallest assumica I have measured has a wing of 82 mm., and
they run up to over 89.0 mm.

128. ALAUDA GULGULA SALA.
Alauda sala, Swinh. Ibis, p. 354 (1870).
? Sansep, Bangkok, 3.7.15.

VOL. II, NO. 4, 1919.

414 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

This small Sky-Lark appears to be a very common breeding
bird in Siam, where Williamson collected a fine series.

The present
specimen has a wing of 73 mm.

129. ALTHOPYGA SEHERI£ CARA,

Aethopyga cara, Hume, 8. F. ii, p. 473 (1874).

¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 31.12.15.

3 5 2 juv. Maprit, P. Siam, 3-9.1.16.

3 ¢ 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 20.1 to 1.2.16.

All the specimens in the above series are typical cura.

The young male is marked “ 2 ”, but there are already a few
red feathers shewing in the upper plumage which shew its correct

sex,

130. ARACHNECHTHRA FLAMMAXILLARIS FLAMMAXILLARIS.

Nectarinia fammacvillaris, Blyth, J.A.S.B. xiv, p. 557 (1845).

2 ¢ 2 2 Bangkok, 18.6 to 5.7.15.
2

2 ¢ Muak Lek, P. Siam, 23-25.7.15.

S Krabin, C. Siam, 4.10.15.

* 2 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 30.8.15.

® Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 27.1.16.

2 Bangkok, 7.3.16.

These are all quite typical flummerillaris, and shew no

approach to the Hainan race rhiziporar, with its metallic bia:
forehead,
131. ANTHOTHREPTES MALACCENSIS.

Certhia malaccensis, Seop. Del. Flor. et Faun. [nsubr. ii, p. OT (1786).

* Bangkok, 18.6.15.

Meklong, C. Siam, 27.6.15.

132. ARACHNOTHERA AFFINIS MODESTA.
Anthreptes modesta, Eyton, P.Z.S. p. 105(1839).

2 ¢ Tung Song, 15-17.9.15.
133. ARACHNOTHERA LONGIROSTRIS LONGLROSTRIS.

Certhia longirostris, Lath, Ind. Orn. i, p. 299 (1790).
%Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 23.7.15.
35 Tung Song, P. Siam, 17-27.9.15.

* Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 9.10.15.

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 415

2 5 Maprit, P. Siam, 31.12.15. to 6.1.16.

? Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 16.1.16.

Before examining the above series of skins, I had received
eggs of this Spider-Hunter * from Mr. Herbert, which differed so ex-
traordinarily from those laid by it in other parts that I fully expect-
ed to find it different in some respects. A most careful examination
and comparison with other series from Burma, Assam and the Malay
Peninsula do not enable me to detect any difference between them.

The eggs of the Siam bird are a peculiarly dead china white,
with no trace whatsoever of the pink tinge always present to a
greater or lesser degree in the eggs of the Spider-Hunter laid in all
other parts of its habitat. The markings consist of tiny reddish
specks in a very well defined ring round the Jarger end.

134. CHALCOPARIA SINGALENSIS SINGALENSIS.

Motacilla singalensis, Gmel. Sys. Nat. i, p. 964 (1788).

Chalcoparia singalensis horatensis, Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 218.

2 ¢ Bangkok, 14.6.15. and 3.3.16.

3d 22 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 17-27.7.15.

¢ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 21.8.15.

23 22 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29.9 to 4.10.15.

¢ 22 Maprit, P. Siam, 2-6.1.16.

¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 19.1.16.

After an examination of a huge series of this species I am
quite unable to recognise Kloss’ new sub-species “koratensis”. I
have had a series of 25 Siamese birds for comparison with over 100
specimens from more northern countries, and I can detect no differ-
ences which are of sub-specifie value, and not due to individual
variation.

Kloss is perfectly correct in his description of the young
male bird, and in pointing out that it differs from the adult female
in having no rufous on the throat and fore neck.

135. Dica#eUM CRUENTATUM.

Certhia cruentata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 187 (1766).
3d Meklong, C. Siam, 26.6.15.

VOL. Til, NO. 4, 1919.

416 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

3¢ Muak Lek, E. Siam, 23-25.8.15.

4¢ 2% Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 30.9 to 8.10.15.
* Krabin, C. Siam, 6.11.15.

¢ Bangkok, 17.12.15.

2 ¢ 2 Maprit, 29.12.15 and 3.1.16.

[ find it impossible to divide this species into geographical
races, though at first I was disposed to separate the Chinese birds
on account of the comparative greyness of the cheeks and the sides
of the neck, a feature which seems to be very fairly consistent.
The Siamese birds also, at first sight, seem to be a purer white
helow than those from Burma and Bengal, but this is probably due
to the great care with which all Robinson’s and Kloss’ collectors
(one was employed by Mr. Herbert) make up their skins. For the
present I leave all these Crimson-backed Flower-Peckers under the

One Dame,

136. Dic.weuM CHRYSORRH@UM,

Dicaeum chrysorrhoeum, Yemm, Pl. Col pl. 478, lig. i. (1829).

45 2 Muak Lek, E. Siam, 23-25.8.15.

2¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 6-7.11.15.

Birds from Sikkim to the Malay Peninsula do not seem to
vary at all, either in colouration or size, but there are two specimens
in the British Museum from Mt. Dulit and Kina Balu in Borneo,
which probably deserve to be separated on account of their much
darker plumage, and the unusually heavy dark stripes on the lower

plumage.

137. PIPRISOMA SQALIDUM MODESTUM.
Prionochilus modestus, Hume, Str. Feath. iii, p. 298 (1875).
25 22 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 19-21.8.15.
4 3 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 30.10 to 7.11.15.
This form of Piprisoma ranges to the north as far as
Cachar and the Assam Hills south of the Brahmapootra, In the

hills north of this river typical sqalidum alone is found.

138. PRIONOCHILUS IGNICAPILLUS,
Dicaeum ignicapilla, Eyton, P.Z.S. p. 105 (1839).

? juv. Tung Song, P. Siam, 11.9.15.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SLAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 417

139. PRIONOCHILUS MACULATUS.

Pardalotus maculatus, Temm. Pl. Col. iii, pl. 600, f. 3 (1836).

¢ et ¢ juv. Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 8-9.10.15.

The adult male has a very white throat, and is somewhat
less yellow on the under parts than usual, whilst the upper parts
appear to be exceptionally dark.

140. PITTA CHRULEA CHRULEA.

Mytothera caerulea, Raft]. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 301 (1822).

3. ¢ Maprit, P. Siam, 5-9.1.16.

These three birds from Siam agree well with those from the type
locality, Sumatra. They are all males, so that at present one cannot
say whether the females are different.

The female of the Bornean bird is quite different to that of
the Sumatran and to those obtained in the Malay Peninsula. The
colour of the head is a much richer, brighter brown, and the black
consists of tiny black edges instead of black bars to the feathers.

This form I have recently (Bull. B. O. C. 1918, No. eexxxvii
p. 20) named Pitta cwrulea hose: after Dr. Charles Hose, by whom
the specimens were collected.

141. PITra CYANEA.

Pitta cyanea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 1008 (1843).

¢ Klong Song, near Petriu, C. Siam, 25.2.16.

I cannot see any difference in this species throughout its
range from Assam to Malaya.

142. PITTA CYANOPTERA.

Pitta cyanoptera, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 218 (1823).

2 ¢ 9 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam; 22.7,15.

These specimens call for no remark.

143. PITTA CUCULLATA.
Pitta cucullata, Uartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 65.
2 6 2 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 18-27.7.15.

144. PITTA GURNEYI.

Pitta qurneyi. Hume, Str. Feath. iii, p 296, pl. in, (1875).

¢ @ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 1-9.10.15.

VOL II1,NO. 4, 1919.

418 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

3 3 Q Maprit, P. Siam, 5.1.16.
¢ Q Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 17-21.1.16.
145. Pirra BoscHi.

Pitta boschi, Muller and Schl. Vert. Zool. Pitta, p. 5.

25 4 2, d juv. 9 juv. Tung Song, P. Siam, 12-19.9.15.

juv. o, Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 5.10.15.

The plumages of the youag birds which are in various stages
are very interesting. In the earliest stage represented the plumage
is dull brown everywhere except on the throat, which is white.
The feathers of the head, neck, upper back, breast and flanks have
pale fulvous central stripes. The duker che2ks and ear-coverts are
already distinguishable, and the quills are brown without any
indication of the white band.

In a somewhat older bird the breast feathers are fulvous
with fine black margins only, the crown aad forehead are nearly
black with broad pale striz; the nape is a golden fulvous or buff;
the upper back brown with pale centres to the feathers, and the
lower back and wing-coverts brown with each feather edged darker.
The quills are the same as in the adult bird.

From this stage the bird apparently moults into the full
male and female adult plumage.

146. EURYLE&MUS JAVANICUS.

Kurylaimus javanicus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii, p. 170 (1821).

9 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 16.7.15.

2 ¢ Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 10.8.15.

The femvle from Hup Bon is in juvenile plumage. The
two males both have the abdomen an] vent a very chestnut red
rather than vinaceous red as it is on the breast. This miy be due
to the fact that these two specimens have not vet acquired their

full colouration.

147. KFURYLAMUS OCHROMELAS.

Kurylaimus ochromalas, Ruf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii, p. 297 (1822).
9 ¢ semi-adlult. Tung Song, P. Siam, 10.9.15.

The young male is in plumage similar to that of the adult

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 419

male, but already shews signs of acquiring the black pectoral band.
148. CoRYDON SUMATRANUS.

Coracias sumatranus, Ratt. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 303 (1822
»?P .

3 2 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 25.7.15.

149. CYMBORHYNCHUS MACRORHYNCHUS MALACCENSIS.

Cymborhynchus malaccensis, Salvad. Att. R. Ac. Se. ix, p. 425
(1874).

3 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 13.8.15.

3 6 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 5-8.10.15.

2 5 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 26.1.16.

Whilst comparing this series with others from the Peninsula
and from Borneo and Sumatra, I also compared birds from the two
latter islands with one another, and in the result am unable to
distinguish between them. As a rule the Sumatran birds have a
little more white on the tail feathers, but this distinction does not
always hold good. In size the two birds are the same, Sumatran
birds having the wings between 95 and 162 mm., and Bornean be-
tween 95 and 101 mm.

150. SERILOPHUS LUNATUS LUNATUS,

Serilophus lunatus, Swainson, Class B, ii, p. 263.

2 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 27.7.15.

3 2 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 16-20.9.15.

2 5 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 19-29.1.16. g

In this series the variation in the pretty white tipping to
the feathers on the side of the neck of the female varies very
greatly in extent; in one it is more strongly developed than in the
majority of S. J. rubropygius, in a second it is much the same as in
normal birds of that race, but in the third it is obsolete.

151. CALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS.
Calyptomena viridis, Raft. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 295. (1822
¢ o Tung Song, P Siam, 21-22.10.15.

252. PicUS CANUS HESSEI.

Gecinus occipitalis hessei, Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb. xxiv, p. 28
(1916).

¢ Krabin, C, Siam, 12.11.15.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

420 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

In the Ibis 1919,’p. 184 I have shewn that I agree with
Gyldenstolpe in differentiating between the Siamese birds and those
from northern India, whether these latter are the large green birds
from extreme north-western Himalayas or the smaller bronzed
birds from Sikkim and Assam. I cannot, however, distinguish in
any way between the birds from Siam and those of practically the
whole of Burma. Accordingly, as there is no name which is applica-
ble to the Burmese form, this, together with birds from Siam, must
bear his name /esse7.

153. Picus vItTaTUs VITTATYS.

Picus vittatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d' Hist. Nat. xxvi, p. 91 (1818).
9

Gecinus vittatus eisenhoferi, Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb. xxiv, p. 2
(1916).

¢ 2 2 Bangkok.

$ Hup Bon, §. E. Siam,

? Pak Jong, E. Siam,

Iam rather doubtful as to whether Gyldenstolpe’s eisenhoferi
can be maintained. Kloss (Ibis, 1918 p. 104) gives some interesting
measurements shewing how this species desreases in size the further
it extends to the south, but says that he can find no differences m
colour between the northern and southern specimens. With this
latter opinion I fully agree, and moreover, after an examination of
the exgellent material in the British Museum, it does not appear
that the diminution in size southwards is nearly so pronounced in
this particular species as Kloss’ figures would make out.

The following are the measurements of 34 birds, excluding
Mr Herbert’s :—

Java 12 birds, wing, 123-137 mm. average, 130 mm.
Malay States 9 __s,, , 123-132 mm. , 127.6 min.
Cochin China 5 bs . 128-136 min. 2 132 mm.
Siam 8 $ , 128-143 mm. a 137.2 mm.

Mr. Herbert’s birds measure ;—

Pak Jong, E. Siam, wing, 149 mm

|

Bangkok, ae * 136 mm. |
> > Looe , 37 mm, > average, 141 mm.

3 140 mm. |

Hup Bon, S. ae , 144 mm. J

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 421

Perhaps even more material is necessiry before we can de-
cide the status of ¢isenhoferi, and if accepted, how far south its
area should be held to extend.*

For the present I retain all the Siamese birds under the
name vittatws. ;

154. Picus VITTATUS VIRIDANUS.

Picus viridanus, Blyth, J.A.S B. xii, p. 1000 (1843).

2 ¢ Maprit, C. Siam, 30.12.15. and 10.1.16,

These are apparently the first specimens of true viridanus
received from Siam in the British Museum, for I find that all those
which have been labelled viridanws are nothing but vittatus.

Herbert's birds are very fine specimens, the barring on the
under-parts coming right up to the upper breast in stronger, better
defined bars than in any of the Burmese skins in that collection.
The wings of the two birds measure respectively 135 and 139 mm.

As an examination of the material in the British Museum
and elsewhere does not enable me to maintain Gyldenstolpe’s sub-
species eisinhoferi, there appear to me to be only two sub-species,
viz., @. v. viridanus, which is found throughout Burma, Chin Hills,
Kachin Hills, south Shan States, north and central Siam, and
possibly extreme west of Peninsular Siam and Burma.

G. v. vitatus, which is found from Java, Malay States, east
and west Peninsular Siam ani Burma, in South-Eastern Siam and
as far north as Pak Jong ia eastern Siam, and thence again, if
Gyldenstolpe is correct, in assigning his birds to the vittatus. rather
than the viridanus group, well up into north central Siam and
Cochin China.

In a letter to me Mr. Herbert remarks on the fact not, I
think, hitherto recorded, of the great part taken im incubation by
the male birds of most species of Wood-pecker.

_ * The following are the wing measurements of 14 birds in Mr.
Williamsou’s collection :—

4 birds from E. Siam, wing average 142 mm.

3 ” ” U. ” ” ” 134 mm.

foe Sy a Peat a 4 141 mm.

4 2? 3? S. W, ” ”> 2? 135 mm.
Average wing measurement of 14 birds= 138 mm. [Eds.]

VOL. Ill, NO. 4, 1919.

422 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

“ As regards vittatus and its eggs, the male was taken
“on the nest with the clutch. There were also some clutches
“of eggs taken of the little Pied Wood-pecker, and in several
“instances the male bird was caught on the eggs or shot as he
“left the nest-hole. I think I have also known two similar
“instances with Tiga javanensis.”

I may remark that I have observed the same habit with
both the genera Chrysocolaptes and Chrysophlegma. Of these the
male undoubtedly does the major share of the incubation, at all
events, by day. By night I think with many Wood-peckers, both
parents sleep within the nest-hole, but it is of course difficult to
make really accurate observations after dark.

As regards Micropternus, male and female are too much
alike to make it possible to discern which leaves the nest-hole
unless the bird is actually shot, and as they nearly all lay their
eggs in tree-ants’ nests, it is never possible to catch them on the
nest itself.

155. BLYTHIPICUS PORPHYROMELAS.
Venilia porphyromelas, Boie. Briefe. Geschr. aus Ostend. p 143
(1832).

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 29.1.16.

The generic name Venilia is preoccupied in both Lepidop-
tera and Mollusca, and the next oldest name appears to be
Blythipicus of Bonaparte (1850), and however ridiculous some
ornithologists may consider such hybrid names to be, this is no
reason for discarding them.

This specimen is quite typical, and calls for no remark,

156. MIGLYPLES TRISTIS GRAMMITHORAX,
Phaiopicus grammithorax, Malh. Picidae, ii, p. 12, pl. xlviii, fig. 6
(1862).

? Tung Song, P. Siam, 26,.9.15.

2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 29.9.15.

¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 26.1.16.

Two of the above three specimens are noticeable for the

absence of all tinge of rufous in the pale markings of the

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 423

plumage; the lores, forehead and chin are almost yellow when
compared with the rufous of most specimens. The third specimen
is normal in this respect.

157. MIGLYPTES JUGULAREIS,

Picus jugularis, Blyth, J.A.S.B. xiv.. p. 195 (1845).

2 ¢ Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 21-25.7.15.

3 Q Pak Jong, E. Siam, 29-30.11.15.

One of the males which is acquiring the black plumage
above has the breast suffused with sage-green as in the nestling
stage,

158. CHRYSOPHLEGMA FLAVINUCHA PIERREI.

Chrysophlegma pierrei, Oustalet, Le Naturaliste, 1889, pp. 44, 45.

Q Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 11.8.15.

¢ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 1.12.15.

These two birds are both good examples of the rare C. /.
pierret. The male has a wing of 152 mm., and the female 148 mm.,
whilst the type of pierri, which is a female, has a wing of 156 mm.
They also have the decidedly pale upper and lower plumage of
pierre. contrasting well with typical wray? in this respect.

Kloss’ C. f. lylet (Ibis 1918, p. 110.) is assuredly nothing but
pierrei, the small differences mentioned by him as shewn in his
sp2cimen not being discernible in either of Mr. Herbert’s birds.

The two birds described by Gyldenstolp2 wider the name of
flavinucha are probably, judging by the wing measurements,
(¢ 158, 2 159 mm.), this race also, as true favinucha would seem to

have wings measuring from 162 to 180 mm.

159. CHRYSOPHLEGMA HUMIL.
Crrysopilegma humii, Hargitt, Ibis 1889, p. 231.
¢ 2 Tung Song, P. Siam.
The two specimens in Mr. Herbert’s collection are quite
typical humic.
160, CALLOLOPHUS MINEATUS MALACCENSIS,

Picus mnalaccznsis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i, p. 241, (1790).
Cullolophus minzatus perlutus, Kloss, Lbis, 1918 p. 110.

¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 23.1.16.

VOL. Ill, NO, 4, 1919.

424 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

This bird agrees perfectly with typical malaccensis, which
varies greatly in size in the same locality.
Kloss’ CL im. perlatus appears to me to be nothing more
than malaccensis. It is describel, as is Cf. lylei, from a single
specimen,

161. DENDROCOPUS PECTORALIS PECTORALIS,
Picus pectoralis, Blyth J. A. 8. B. xv, p. 15 (1846).

2 5 2 Bangkok, 5. 7. and 17.12.15.

These specimens are quite normal, and call for no remark.
162. CHRYSOCOLAPTES GUTTACRISTATUS DELESSERTL
Indopicus delesserti, Math. N. Class. Mem. Acad. Metz (1848) p. 343.
d Krabin, C. Siam, 2.11.15.

3 Maprit, P. Siam, 2.1.16.
¢ Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam 30.1.16.

Elsewhere, (Ibis 1919 p. 197), I have shewn that T can-
not divide the birds of Southern India from those of Peninsular
Burma and Siam, so they all must bear Malhorbe’s name of delessert?.
The other subspecies which seem to me to be good are C. y. gutta-
cristatus from Bengal, North and South Assam and Burma, and
C. y. swltaneus from North-West India and Nepal. It is one of the
many cases of parallel evolution of sub-species of northern birds as
they descend south in India and Burma, carried out in this instance

toan unusually similar result.

163. MICcROPTERNUS BRACHYURUS WILLIAMSONI.

Kloss, [bis 1918 p. 197.

° Meklong, C. Siam, 28.6.15.

‘’ Samkok, C. Siam, 31.8.15.

* Bangkok, 6.3.16.

The Samkok bird may be wrongly sexed, as it shews no
trace of the red moustache, although it appears to be fully adult.
The wings of the three birds measure respectively @ 125 mim.,

120 and 122 mm.

Kloss has recently described this new sub-species from a

single specimen collected at Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. Unfortunately

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 425

the differences which he quotes as distinguishing it from its nearest
allies are all more or less individual rather than sub-specifie in
character except, perhaps, the “narrower dark bars on the wings
and back” (? lower hack).

Mr. Herbert’s three specimens and two others from Siam in
the British Museum collection all agree with one another in one
feature—rarely found in birds from elsewhere—the non-existence of
any barring on the scapulars and upper back. They average also
rather light in the tint of their plumage generally. In two of Mr.
Herbert's birds there is no barring on the under plumage also,
whilst in the third the bars are confined to the flanks only. Of the
two Museum specimens one is immaculate beiow, the other more
than usually profusely barred.

All five birds have the centres of the throat feathers con-
colorous with the breast; all have red shafts to the wing quills, but
in two the bases of the shafts are marked with blackish.

If it is eventually found that the Siamese Micropterni all
have immaculate backs the name will have to be confined to this race ;
otherwise, the name will. still hold good for birds from Siam and
Burma. There is at present no name for the race north of Bangkok,
(vide, Baker, Ibis 1919 p. 202) should this be separated,

164, MICROPTERNUS BRACHYURUS BRACHYURUS.

Picus brachyurus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d' Hist. Nat. xxvi, p. 103 (1818).
2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 4.10.15.
2 3 Krabin, C. Siam, 2-14.11.15.

All three of these birds are very typical brachyurus with
dark throats, very black shafts to the wing quills, and densely bar-
red lower plumage. They are, however, larger than most south
Malayan birds, the wings being 117, 127 and 123 mm. respectively.

165. TIGA JAVANENSIS INTERMEDIA.

Picus intermedius, Blyth J. A. 8. B. xiv, p. 193 (1845).
2 3 2 Samkok, C. Siam, 21-22. 6, 15.

? Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 21. 7. 15.

? Pak Jong, E. Siam, 19. 8. 15.

VOL. IIT, NO. 4. 1919,

426 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

2¢ 2 Krabin, C. Siam 3-7. 11. 15.

I have already dealt with this species and its geographical
races at some length in the [bis 1919, p. 205, and it is therefore un-
necessary for me to go into further detail here. All the specimens
collected by Mr. Herbert agree well with Blyth’s intermedius, which
only differs in being smaller. The average wing measurement for
159 specimens of tntermedia is 144.4 mm., whilst Mr. Herbert's
birds have wings ranging from 135 to 149 mm., and averaging
143 mm., the two smallest birds coming from Samkok.

The average Wing measurement for 7. j. javanensis is under
130 mm.

166. GAUROPICOIDES RAFFLESL PENINSULARIS,
Hesse, Orn. Monatsh. xix, p. 192 (1911).
* Tung Song, P. Siam, 25. 10. 15.

This specimen dogs not agree with the rather doubtful
form described by Hesse under this name. It is said to differ from
typical G. rafflesi from Sumatra, in having red upon the upper tail-
coverts and also in being much bigger.

In size the two forms do differ to some extent, nine Sumat-
ran birds having a wing averaging 138 mm., whilst thirty-nine
Peninsular birds have the same 134 mm. Mr. Herbert’s specimen
has a wing of 150 mm., but no red upon the upper tail-coverts.

This latter characteristic seems to be a very uncertain one,
Of the series in the British Museum, some ten adult birds have no
tinge of red, whilst the other ten have it to a greater or less extent.
On the other hand, one so-called Sumatran skin has this red tinge
quite apparent.

More skins from Sumatra are badly wanted, for of those
in the Museum the majority have only got dealers’ data tickets,
and only one has an original collector's ticket. Two specimens,
moreover, look suspiciously like Malaccan dealers’ skins, and one
cannot Jay down any sound diagnosis on material of this nature,

167. HeMILopHUs PULVERULENTULUS HARTERTL

Muleripicus pulverulentulus harterti, Hesse, Orni, Monatsb, p. 182

(1911).

JOURN, NAT. IST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 427
¢ Hup Bon, S. E. Siam. 27.7.15.

2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 5.10.15.

? Hinlap, E Siam, 9.12.15.

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 13.1.16.

Hesse’s sub-species is a quite good one, and birds from As-
sam and Burma are easily distinguishable by their much lighter
colour than birds from Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Palawan, etc.
From the extreme south of the Malay Peninsula birds are somewhat
intermediate, one from Singapore and another from Johore being
almost as black as any Java bird. Most specimens from the south
of the Peninsula are nearer the northern forms, and should, there-
fore, be kept with them. As usual, the southern birds average a
trifle smaller than the northern, but are not sufficiently so to
constitute a third sub-species.

Birds from Assam, average wing 238 mm., and bill 49.5 mm.:
Javan birds measure only wing 223 mm., bill 48.0 mm. These form
the two extremes in size, but even in these two areas they have not
much significance, a3 we have one sp2cimen in the British Museum
collection from northern Burma with a wing of only 218 mm.,
whilst another from Borneo has a wing of no Jess than 241 mm.

168. SASTIA ABNORMIS ABNORMIS.

Picumnus abnormis, Temm. Pl. Col. iv, pl. 371, fig. 3. (1825).

2 ¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 11-23.9.15.

2 5 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 9-10.10.15.

2 Maprit, P. Siam, 10.1.16.

All this series belong to this form of Piculet. Judging from
their distribution, the bicds with white eye-brows, Susia ochracea
(and sub-species) and thos without any white round the eye, Sasia
abnormis, form two gool species. Both birds inhabit the same
portions of the northern Malay Peninsula and Siam, and cannot
therefore be sub-species of one species.

169. THEREICERYX LINEATUS INTERMEDIUS.

Stuart Baker, Bull. B. O. C. 1918, p. 19.

3 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 9.8.15.

3 Pak Jong, HE, Siam, 16.8.15.

VOL. IE, NO. 4; 1919:

428 MR. E C. STUART BAKER ON

$ Krabin, C. Siam, 2.11.15.

The birds of central and south Burma and of south Siam
seem to be intermediate in size between those of Java—T. l. lineatus
—and those of northern India—TZ. l. hodgsoni---and as they cover a
far longer range than either of these two extreme races, they should
bear a name as a geographical race.

The typical birds from Java and Bali are very small, thirteen
birds having an average wing measurement of about 117 mm. These
are found only in the two Islands named.

Birds from the northern area are very large, averaging
nearly 131 mm. in wing length. These are found over the whole of
Northern India, Chin and Kachin Hills, Shan States and Siam
though exactly where the Siamese birds meet the next race cannot
be determined on the material available. This northern race bears
Hodgson’s name, and it is possible that yet another race in N. W.
India should be separated, as it is again much larger with a wing
of over 137 mim.

T. 1. rntermedius, as its name denotes, is half-way between
the two extremes, and 71 birds have an average length of wing of
124 mm,

170. THERELCERYX FALOSTRICTA FAIOSTRICTA,

Bueco faiostrictus, Temm. P|. Col, iii, pl. 227 (1831).

Thereicerye: flavostrictus practermissus, Kloss, Ibis, 1918 p-
101,

2 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 21.7.15.

Kloss has recently named some Barbets obtained by Neumann
in south China under the name quoted above on the grounds of
difference in size, but this reason does not seem to be sufficient.

There are no Chinese birds in the British Museum, but there
are 8 of Neumann's in Tring, and thes» differ from other birds in
having no ved patch on the side of the throat, « character which will
suffice to maintain Kloss’ name.

The size of the Chinese birds, as stated by Kloss, is, “wing
measurements 112 to 118 mm.” Count Gyldenstolpe has a fine
series of 13 birds, and these measured on the curved wing are between

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 429

110 and 115 mm.,, practically exactly the same as Neumann’s ;
Robinson records his four birds as over 112 mm., and all others,
except the type of saigonensis vary between 108 and 112 mm.

This type is apparently an abnormally small bird of only
102 mm., and until it is proved that it is not only the type, but that
it is really typical of a very small South-Eastern race, swigonensis
must rank as a synonym of faiostricta.

171. CHOTORHEA MYSTOCOPHANES.

Bucco nystocophanes, Temm. Pl. Col, in, pl. 315 (1824).

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 20.9.15.

This is an extension of the hitherto recorded habitat of this
little Barbet, but I can see no difference between this specimen and
a series from the Malay Peninsula.

On the other hand when a series from the latter locality is
compared with a series from Borneo the females of the Malay
Peninsula seem to have a much yellower throat and chin. In the
Bornean birds the blue often runs up practically to the angle of
the bill, and in nearly every case the throat is more or less suffused
with this colour. In the Malay Peninsula birds and in those from
South Tenasserim the chins and throats are yellowish with no
tinge of blue at all.

I cannot separate Oberholser’s sub-species C. m. ainpala from
Tana Balu. All Oberholser says is that it is larger with a bigger
red patch, but he gives no measurements for comparison.

172. CHOTORHEA CHRYSOPOGON CRYSOPOGON.

Bucco chrysopogon, Temm. Pl. Col. iii, pl. 315 (1824).

235 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 14-20.9.15.

The lower surface in these specimens is very green, and less
yellow than in any of the big series in the British Museum from
any other locality, but they are also better made, fresher skins in
perfect condition, and this may account for the difference.

The wings measure between 131 and 134 mm.

173. CYANOPS ASIATICA? INCOGNITA.
ame incognita, Hume, Str. Feath. ii, pp. 442, 472, 486
(1874).

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

430 MR. E. ©. STUART BAKER ON

5 2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 24.9.15.

This is a rare and little known bird in collections, and it is
with some doubt that I apply the name to Mr. Herbert's specimens.

Incognita ditters from C. a, davisoni principally in having
the scarlet patch confined to a spot in the middle of the nape, and not
extended across it. It also differs in having the chin and throat a
very pale washed-out blue instead of an intense azure blue as in
asiatica,

Mr. Herbert’s two birds do not agree well with incognita, as
they have -broad red foreheads, and no black moustachied streak and
no yellow feathers round the eye, whilst the head above is more
blue. Both specimens are young birds, and in the absence of more
adult material, I forbear to name them, but it will be interesting to
obtain a further series, and see if these differences are confirmed,

The feathers on the side of the crown in the older bird are
moulting, and the new feathers are also blue, shewing that there
will be no change into the broad red coronal band of asiatica.

174. CYANOPS DUVAUCELL CYANOTIS,

Bucco cyanotis, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xvi, p. 465 (1847).

Mesobucco duvauceli orientalis, Robinson, Ibis, p. 738 (1915).

3 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 23-27.7.15.

2 5 2 2 Hinlap, E. Siam, 6-8.12.15.

The 6 birds,—possibly prepared by the same skinner—are,
evento the most minute details, exactly the same as those from
Ok-Yam, upon which Mr. Robinson has founded his new sub-species.
Mr, Herbert's birds are quite typical cyanotis and are replicas of
many Others from Sikkim, Cachar, and Northern Burma. They are,
however, beautiful skins, and shew up as very clean bright speci-
mens when placed amongst a large number of dirtier, less well-made
skins; on the other hand, they are in no way different from specimens
which are equally nicely prepared. Mr. Robinson separates his new
sub-species on the ground that it is bigger than cywnotis with a
wing of 83 and 84 inm.; but cyanotis, from all over the area it
inhabits, runs up to 86 and even 87 mm, As regards the yellow

intermixture in the red below the eye, this obtains also in many

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SUC. S1AM

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 431

individuals over an equally wide area, though, often, the feathers
below the eye are injured or lost in the preparation of the skin.
175. CALORAMPHUS FULIGINOSA HAYI.
Buceo hayi, J. B. Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 33 (1831).
¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 24.9.15.
176. XANTHOLZMA H#MATOCEPHALA INDICA.

Bucco indicus, Lath, Ind. Orn. i, p. 205 (1790). India. °

¢ 2 2 Sansep, Bangkok, 3-4.7.15.

2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 3-6.10.15.

5 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 80-31.10.15.

¢ Samray, Bangkok, 6.3.16.

The type locality for Bucco hematocephalus Muller, is the

in)

i)

Philippines, and this bird has a much bigger bill than that from
other localities. including Siam, which must bear Latham’s name of
indicus. Employing Kloss’ excellent method of measuring, 1. é.,
from the point of the nostrils to the tip of the bill, I find that in
no case does the bill exceed 15 mm., and it varies from 138 to 15
mm. In the Philippine birds it is never less than 16, and runs up
to 18 mm. In size the bird itself is much the same as those from
elsewhere, having a wing of 82 mm. exactly.

In colour the Philippine bird is generally darker, a more
bluish green, especially on the primaries.

177. CoRACIAS AFFINIS.

Coracias affinis. McClelland, P. Z. S. p. 164 (1839).

2 Samkok, C. Siam, 21.6.15.

3 2 Krabin, C. Siam 3-15.11.15.

The question as to whether Coracias affinis and Coracias
indicus are races of the same species is very doubtful. That they
are representative species is of course true, and some naturalists
would consider this sufficient reason to call them sub-species. As a
rule, however, geographical races, except island forms, grade into
one another gradually, where the two forms meet. With these birds
such is not the case, for at the principal meeting-place, Eastern
Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan most specimens are easily referable to

VOL T11.No. 4, 1919.

432 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

one or the other, some are halfway between the two, whilst others
are more one than the other. Certainly, if we judge from the birds
obtained in these districts, we should say that they were the result
of hybridization rather than specimens of two forms intergrading.

On the other hand, one finds individuals of each form in the
area inhabited by the other ; as for instance in Calcutta, specimens of
C. affinis occur, and again in Cachar and Sylhet I have seen almost
equally typical specimens of C. orientalis.

For the present I leave this Roller under a bi-nomial.

178. EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS CALONYX.

Eurystomus calonyx, Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1890, p. 551, Nepal.

$ Pak Jong, E. Siam, 18.8.15.

2 Muak Lek, E. Siam, 25.8.15.

? Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 30.9.15.

The three specimens obtained by Mr. Herbert in Siam, agree
well with others in the British Museum from the same country
They are not very typical calonyx, but are nearer this form than
orientalis, The secondaries and greater wing-coverts have a fair
amount of blue on them, but the tails have very little. The dif-
ferences between EF. 0. calonyx and E. o. orientalis are not very
great, how slight they are is best realised when we find Sharpe often
naming two birds from the same place, the one by one name and the
other by the second name.

179. MEROPS SUPERCILIOSUS PHILIPPINUS.

Merops philippinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 13th Ed. 1, p- 183 (1787).

Type locality, Philippine Islands.

$ Samkok, C. Siam, 21.6.15.

° Paknam, C. Siam, 14.2.16.

180. MELITTOPHAGUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS.,

Merops erythrocephalus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, p. 463 (1778). India.

¢ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 2.10.15.

Gmelin’s deseription scems to be quite satisfactory, and there
is no reason why his name should not be used. The original des-
eription of Apiaster indicus erythrocephalus as given in Brisson
(Ay. 4, p. 563 n, 13, p. 44, f. 3A) is also equally so.

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 433

181. NyYcTIORNIS AMICTUS.
Merops amictus, Temm., PI, Col. iv, pl. 310 (1824). ;
¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 12.9.15.
$ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 4.10.15.

182. CERYLE RUDIS LEUCOMELANURA.

Ceryle leucomelanura, Reichenbach, Hand-L. Alced. p. 21, Taf. 409
b. fig. 3488. (Decr. 1851).

d 2 2 Bangkok, 18-21.6.15.

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 31.8.15.

183. ALCEDO ISPIDA BENGALENSIS.

Alcedo bengrlensis, Gm). Syst. Nat. i, p. 450-(1788).

2 5 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 6-16.11.15.

3 Paknam, C. Siam, 14.2.16.

$ 2 Samray, Bangkok, 6.3 16.

$ Samkok, C. Siam, 16.3.16.

The wings of the males measure from 69 to 72 mm., and the
females from 69 to 71.5 mm. ‘hey thus average a little small for
this form, but possibly a larger series would prove to be of the
normal standard. In colour they are quite typical bengalensis.

184. ALCEDO MENINTING SCINTILLANS.

Aleedo meninting scintillans, Stuart Baker, Bull, B. O. C, 1918,
No. cexxxvili, p. 38.

Type ¢ No. 87.8.20. 1698. Hume Coil. B. M.

Type locality, Bankasoon.

2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 1.10.15.

Above this bird is a rather deeper, more purple-blue than
asiatica, (the proper name for the Bengal and Indian bird generally
called bewvani), this being especially noticeable on the head. Scapu-
Jars black.

Wing 62-66 mm.; bil! 32-35.5 min. (19 specimens).

In North and Central Siam another form is found which I
have recently named A. m. colturti, and which extends from Assam
and Sikkim throuzh Burma north of the above form seintillans and
in the Chin Hills, Shan States and Cochin China. It is similar to

asiatics, but a good deal smaller, and when viewed as a series,

VOL. 115. NOs *,) 1919.

434 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

rather lighter, less black or blue, on the back. The spots on the

wing-coverts are smaller, but lighter and more conspicuous. The

wing varies from 62-69 mm. instead of 69-72 mm. as in asiatica.
185. HaALcyon PILEATA,
Alcedo pileata, Boda. 'Tabl. Pl. Enl. p. 41 (1783).
{ Krabin, C. Siam, 31.10.15.
3 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 4.12.15.
¢ Samray, Bangkok, 17.12.15,

2 ¢ 2 2 Samray, Bangkok, 7-11.3.16.

Mr. Herbert’s fine series of this widely-spread Kingfisher

calls for no remark. Over the whole of its range in China, Siam,
Burma, India and the Malay Peninsula and the Islands, I can see no
variation in size or plumage which necessitates its division into
geographical races.
186. HALCYON SMYRNENSIS FUSCA.

Aleedo fusca, Bodd. Tabl. Pl. Kul. p. 54 (1783).

$ Krabin, C. Siam, 15.11.15.

Calls for no remark.

187. CARCINEUTES PULCHELLUS AMABILIS.

Carcineutes amatkilis, Hume, Str. Peath. i, p. 474 (1873).
‘T'ype locality, Pegu Hills.

3 Hup Bon, 8S. E. Siam, 19.7.15.

3 Muak Lek, E. Siam, 24.8.15.

2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 17.9.15.

2 3 2 Hinlap, E. Stam, 7.12.15.

The difference between the males of C. p. pulchellus and C. p.
amabilis is very slight, though, as Hume points out, the rufous collar
in the latter is obsolete or very ill-defined. The females are, how-
ever, conspicuously different from one another, those from Tenas-
serim northwards and eastwards being much redder above than those
from south of that province. The under-parts, also, are somewhat
less boldly spotted.

The gradation in size from north to south is not very marked
north and central Burmese birds run from 81 to 94 mim, in wing
measurement, those from south Burma and Siam 80 to 90 mm.,

and those from the Malay Peninsula from 78 to 87 mi,

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC. STAM.

sare we”

ul

.
—— 2.

A COLLECTION OF B'RD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 435

The Siamese birds vary between 87 and 91 mm.
188. SAUROPATIS CHLORIS CHLORIS.

Alcedo chloris, Bodd. Tabl. Pl. Enl. p. 49, Lath. Syn. B. i, p. 620
(1783).

Type locality, ‘““Bouru, one of the Molucca Islands.”

3 3 Bangkok, 4.6.15. and 6-7.3.16.

$ Meklong, C. Siam, 20.6.15.

Robinson (ibis 1911, p. 34) has already pointed out that
Sauropatis humei and Sawropatis armstrong: ave one and the same
bird, and he adds that he doubts whether they are not identical with
S. chloris. With Robinson’s conclusions I am in complete accord,
and after a most careful consideration of the mass of material in the
British Museum—about 200 specimens—have no doubt that all three
so-called races must be lumped together.

189. KAMPHALCYON CAPENSIS BURMANICA.

Pelargopsis Lurmanica, Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1870 p. 67 (Tounghoo).

2 3 o Krabin, C. Siam, 29.10 and 4-10.11.15.

Sharpe’s division of this Kingfisher into different species has
led t> the most curious confusion. He admitted two and even three
subspecies from the same locality, and the consequent mixture of dif-
ferent species under the same name, and splitting up of other species
under various names, has rendered the magnificent series in the
British Museum very difficult to work. The result of my recent ex-
amination has been given in Novitates Zoologice, 1919, and therein it
is shewn that the Siamese birds are all of this race, which is widely
extended over the whole of Burma, Siam and Cochin China.

The wings of Mr. Herbert’s birds vary from 143 to 154 mm.,
and the bills from 67 to 72 mm.

190. DICHOCEROS BICORNIS.
Buceros bicornis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 153 (1766).
2 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 20.7.15,

191. ANORRHINUS GALERITUS.

Buceros galeritus, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 520 (1824).
2 Tung Song, P: Siam, 15.9.15.

VOL, IIT, NO. 4, 1919,

436 MR. E- C STUART BAKER ON

192, ANTHRACOCEROS ALBIROSTRIS ALBIROSTRIS,

Buceros a'birostris, Shaw and Nodd. Nat. Mise. xix. p. 819 (1790).

2 ¢ 2 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 17-24.7.15. (wing ¢ ¢ 270 and
276 mm., 2 244 mm.)

Gmelin’s name mulabaricus does not apply to this bird at all.
His bird is named after the Calao de Malabar, Buffon, Hist. Nat. des
Ois., and here a good plate is given which shews that malabaricus
is the same as coronatus, the outer tail feathers proving this beyond
all doubt.

Shaw and Nodder give both description and plate of albiros-
tris from India, and it is probable that the proper name for the
Burmese form is lewcogaster of Blyth (J. A. S. B. x, p. 922, 1841)
described from a bird seat by a Mr. Bark from Tenasserim with
some other skins of birds and mammals.

193. Upupa EPROPS LONGIROSTRIS,

Upupa longirostris, Jerdon, B. of Ind. i, p. 383 (1864).

¢ 2 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 9-14.8.15.

$ Krabin, C. Siam, 12.11.15.

All races of the Eastern Hoopoe, 7. ¢., of races east of Sikkim,
are distinguished by being much larger than those to the west, and
with having an even proportionately longer bill on an average, though
abnormal birds are found everywhere with very long bills. Thus in
Ceylon the average is only 47.5 mm. in a small series, but there is
one bird with a bill of 57 mm. In Southern India a large series
averages 48 mm. exactly, but there is one specimen which has a bill
of 73 mm. ;

Assam birds are huge, and have wings averaging 146.1 mm.
and bills of 54 mm., Burmese birds have these measurements res-
pectively, 139.5 mm. and 54.5 mm., whilst Siam birds have wings of
142.5 mim. and bills just over 51 mim.

Under the circumstances I retain them, under the name
longirostris, the Assam birds forming a link with the still larger
Tibetan form sutwrata.

194, CAPRIMULGUS MACRURUS BIMACULATUS.

Caprimulgus bimaculatus, Peale, U. 8. Exped. En, vol, viii, p. 170

(1848).

JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 437

¢ 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 8-9.10.15.

3 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 1-5.11.15. |

‘2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 2.12.15.

3d @ Hinlap, E. Siam, 9.12.15. —

Oberholser has shewn (Proc. U.S. Mas., v. le, p. 595, 1915)
that the name bimaculatus precedes Hartert’s ambiguus for this
race of macrurus.

Mr. Herbert’s Siamese birds are very large, three of the
females measuring 200, 201 and 211 mm. respectively.

195. CAPRIMULGUS ASIATICUS.
Caprimulgus asiaticus, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii, p. 588 (1790).
2 Bangkok, 6.6.15.

This specimen has a wing of 146 mm.

196. _CAPRIMULGUS MONTICOLUS.
Caprimulgus monticolus, Franklin, P. Z. 8. p. 116, 1831.
¢ Paknampho, 2.12.13. (Wing 192 mm.)

197. LLYNCORNIS CERVINICEPS CERVINICEPS.
Lyncornis cerviniceps, Gould, Icon. Av. pt. ii, pl. 14 (1838).
¢ Muak Lek, E. Siam, 24.8.15. (Wing 308 mm.)
South Indian birds have been separated as L. c. bowrdilloni.
They average in wing measurement 279 mm. as against 301 mm, in
20 Burmese birds.
A Luzon bird with a wing of only 277 mm. also differs in
being very richly coloured.
198. TACHORNIS BATTASIENSIS INFUMATUS.
Cypselus infumatus, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 602. (Bornev).
¢ Samkok, C. Siam, 17.3.16. | )
199. HARPACTES DUVAUCELI.
Trogan duvauceliit, Temm. PI. Col. pl. 291 (1824).
$ Tung Song, P. Siam, 17.9.15.
200. HARPACTES ORESKIOS.
Harpactes oreskios, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 181. (1823).
S Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 21.7.15.
3 Muak Lek, E. Siam, 23.8.15.

VOL, III, NO, 4, 1919,

438 MR. E- C. STUART BAKER ON

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 17.11.15.

¢ 2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 2.2.16.

The wings of Mr. Herbert’s series range from 120 to 128
mm., the female being the largest.

201. PyROTROGAN DIARDI NEGLECTUS,

Pyrotrogan neglectus, Forbes and Robinson, Bull, Liver. Mus. ii, p.
34 (1899).

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 13.9.15.
This appears to be the first record of this grand Trogan from
so far north as Siam.

202. HIEROCOCCYX SPARVEROIDES SPARVEROIDES.

Hierococcyx sparveroides, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1831, p. 173.

¢ Krabin, C. Siam, 6.11.15.

This is a most beautiful specimen, very pale and brightly
coloured with the whole of the upper parts a pale slate-grey with no
tinge of brown except to a slight extent on the wing quills. I have
never seen a specimen similar to this, and it will be very interesting
to ascertain if other Siamese birds attain a similar grey plumage.
It is impossible to name a wandering bird such as this is from a
single specimen, but more slrould be obtained.

203. HrerRococcyx FUGAX NANUS.

Hierococcyxr nanus, Hume Str, Feath. v, p. 490 (1877).
2 Maprit, P. Siam, 10.1.16.

Wing 145 mm. Apparently the first record of this Cuckoo
from Siam.
204. CACOMANTIS MERULINUS MERULINUS.
Cuculus merulinus, Scop. Del. Flor, et Faun. Insubr. ii, p. 89 (1786).
2 Samray, Bangkok, 16.12.15.
+ Hua Takhae, C. Siam, 10.2.16.
Both birds are quite typical merwlinus.
205, PENTHOCERYX SONNERATI SONNERATIL.
Cuculus sonneratii, Lath. Ind. Orn. i, p. 215 (1790). India.
2 Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam. 25.7.15.
The Siamese birds appear to belong to the typical Burmese
and Indian form. In the south of Peninsular Siam one would

JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 439

expect to find the smaller race P. s. senwstws which ranges from
Borneo to Central Tenasserim. The wing in this race averages only
105. 7 mm. as against over 122 mm. in typical sonneratt.

206. CHRYSOCOCCYX MACULATUS MACULATUS.

Trogon maculatus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, p. 404 (1788).

2 Samray, Bangkok, 16.12.15.

This is a very pale bird with the sheen on the back plumage
light and less green than usual. More material is required to enable
one to work out the geographical races of this beautiful little
Cuckoo, but two other Siamese birds in the British Museum collect-
ion agree fairly well with it.

207. SURNICULUS LUGUBRIS.

Cuculus lugubris, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 179 (1821). Java.

2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 30.9.15.

3 Krabin, C. Siam, 9.11.15.

S Pak Jong, E. Siam, 30.11.15.

This Cuckoo will require division into geographical races on
two main grounds; comparative length of tail and wing formula.
In the Indian and Malayan race the third primary is generally much
longer than the fourth, and the first primary is comparatively large ;
in the Palawan birds the third and fourth primaries are practically
equal, and the first primary is very small. Ceylon specimens have
the fourth quill longest or subequal, and the first primary large.

Palawan birds also have very short tails, and Ceylon birds
very long ones.

208. KUDYNAMIS HONERATA MALAYANA.

Eudynamis malayana, Cab. and Heine, Mus. Hein. iv, p. 52 (1862).
2d 2 Krabm, C. Siam, 31.10 to 3.11,15.
The wing measurements of these birds are males 203 and 209
mim., and female 215 mm. The male shot on the 3rd has numerous
white bars on the wings and tail.
209. RHOPODYTES TRISTIS LONGICAUDATUS.

Phenicopheus longicaudatus, Blyth, J. A. 8S. B. x, p. 923 (1841),
Moulmein.

VOL. II, NO. 4, 1919.

440 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

¢ Samkok, C. Siam, 21.6.15

¢ 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 18.8.15.

$ 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 1.11.15.

All five of these specimens must be placed under this sub-
species. The stripes on the head and throat are well-developed, there
is very little rufous wash on either breast or throat. The white
spots on the tail are smaller than in the Sumatran bird, R. tristis
tristis, and run across the tail at an angle instead of nearly straight.

There are five distinguishable races of this Cuckoo. (1) R. ¢.
tristis from Sumatra, (2) R. ¢t. longicaudatus from Burma, Siam and
Malay Peninsula, (3) 2. t. montanuws from Northern India, Assam
to Yunnan, (4) &. t. hainanws from Hainan, and (5) R. t. borneeisis
from Borneo.

210. PHd:NICOPHAS ERYTHROGNATHUS.

Phenicophes erythrognathus, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem, p. 95 (1844).

2 Tung Song, P. Siam, 15.9.15.

¢ Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 6.10.15.

The wing measurements of these two birds are 171 and 176
mm. respectively. This Cuckoo belongs to that extraordinary group
of birds of which it is extremely ditticult to say whether they form six
genera, six species or merely six geographical races. In colouration
they are all practically alike, but might be split up into two or three
races on account of variation in depth of colour, etc. On the other
hand, they are all structurally different in having nostrils of varying
shape and placed quite differently in position on the bill. To me it
appears to be one of those rare cases in which structural differences
must be held to be of less importance than colour and pattern, and I
retain all under the one generic head, and consider them to be species *
only. They cannot be reduced to sub-species, as there are not con-
necting links to join the one with another.

211. RHINORTHA CHLOROPHAA CHLOROPH AA,

Cuculus chloropheus, Raff. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 288 (1822).
Sumatra,

3 Tung Song, P. Siam, 24.9.15.
% Maprit, P. Siam, 4.1.16.

JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 441

Siam birds agree with typical chlorophea from Sumatra. I
am not able to distinguish between specimens from Sumatra, Malay
Peninsula and Tenasserim. The Bornean birds are distinguishable
by the females having the under parts much more rufous. The
males hardly differ from those from Sumatra, though they are
possibly more richly and brightly coloured on the whole.

212. CARPOCOCCYX RENAULDL.

Carpococcyx renauldi, Oust. Bull. Mus. Paris, p. 314 (1896).

3 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 19.8,15.

This magnificent Cuckoo has hitherto been known only by
the single specimen, in the Paris Museum, which was very kindly
lent to me for comparison with the above birds.

Oustalet’s single bird was: obtained in Annam, so that Siam
forms a great extension of its habitat. Both specimens are in heavy
moult, but have perfect wings and tails, though the latter are not in

a

ERRATA.

Page 440, line 14. For PH@NicopHaAS read PHENICOPHAES.

Do. line 15, For Phenicophes read Phenicophais.

vrauss avuvues u ve wwe UU VEN MUP meV Es VAY uwee Mn Pav nrsaay
5 , a eel = Pas ? Set bs ’

lower parts creamy white, finely vermiculated with bars of grey on
flanks and thigh coverts.
| 213. CENTROPUS SINENSIS INTERMEDIUS.

Centrococeyx intermedius, Hume, Str. Feath. i, p. 454 (1873).

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 21.6.15.

3S juv. Hup Bon, 8. E, Siam, 23.7.15.

¢ 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 2-3.10.15.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

440 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

¢ Samkok, C. Siam, 21.6.15

¢ 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 18.8.15.

$ 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 1.11.15.

All five of these specimens must be placed under this sub-
species. The stripes on the head and throat are well-developed, there
is very little rufous wash on either breast or throat. The white
spots on the tail are smaller than in the Sumatran bird, R. tristis
tristis, and run across the tail at an angle instead of nearly straight.

There are five distinguishable races of this Cuckoo, (1) R. ¢.
tristis from Sumatra, (2) R. ¢. longicaudatus from Burma, Siam and
Malay Peninsula, (3) R. ¢t. montanus from Northern India, Assam
to Yunnan, (4) R. ¢. hainanws from Hainan, and (5) R. t. borneensis
from Borneo.

210. PHONICOPHAS ERYTHROGNATHUS.

Phenicophes erythrognathus, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 95 (1844).

retain all under the one generic head, and consider them to be species
only. They cannot be reduced to sub-species, as there are not con-
necting links to join the one with another.

211. RHINORTHA CHLOROPHASA CHLOROPH AMA,

Cuculus chloropheus, Raff. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p, 288 (1822).
Sumatra,

¢ Tung Song, P. Siam, 24.9.15.
? Maprit, P. Siam, 4.1.16.

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM.

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 441

Siam birds agree with typical chlorophea from Sumatra. I
am not able to distinguish between specimens from Sumatra, Malay
Peninsula and Tenasserim. The Bornean birds are distinguishable
by the females having the under parts much more rufous. The
males hardly differ from those from Sumatra, though they are
possibly more richly and brightly coloured on the whole.

212. QARPococcyxX RENAULDI.

Carpococcyx renauldi, Oust. Bull. Mus. Paris, p. 314 (1896).

$ 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 19.8,15.

This magnificent Cuckoo has hitherto been known only by
the single specimen, in the Paris Museum, which was very kindly
lent to me for comparison with the above birds.

Oustalet’s single bird was: obtained in Annam, so that Siam
forms a great extension of its habitat. Both specimens are in heavy
moult, but have perfect wings and tails, though the latter are not in
full moult.

The measurements are as follows:—

Wings, 284 and 272 mm,; tails, 330 and 325 mm.; bill from
base of forehead to tip, 49 and 48 mm.; tarsi, 98 and 93 mm.; the
male is the bigger bird, and the tails are in full moult.

Bill deep coral red, paler at base and on gonys; legs deep coral
red, toes and soles paler.

Forehead grey; whole head, neck, upper back and breast
black ; back, scapulars and lesser wing coverts grey, palest next
the black neck and finely vermiculated with dark grey; quills
black with a purple sheen; innermost secondaries green-grey,
gradually changing to the grey of the coverts; rump strongly tinged
with green, upper tail coverts deep green-blue, tail purple-blue ;
lower parts creamy white, finely vermiculated with bars of grey on
flanks and thigh coverts.

213. CENTROPUS SINENSIS INTERMEDIUS.

Centrococcyx intermedius, Hume, Str. Feath. i, p. 454 (1873).
3 Samkok, C. Siam, 21.6.15.

¢ juv. Hup Bon, 8. E. Siam, 23.7.15.

3S 2 Klong Wang Hip, P. Siam, 2-3.10.15.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

442 MR. E. C. STUART BAKER ON

2 Krabin, C. Siam, 12.11.15.

2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 3.12.15.

Streseman has dealt with these Cuckoos at some length in
Novitates Zoologicae, vol. xx, p. 321, but his geographical ranges are
very unsatisfactory. Manipur and Cachar, according to him, are
occupied by different races. Mr. Herbert's specimens have the wings
varying between 191 and 210 mm. (juv. ¢ 191 mm.) and the bills
very large, ranging from 26 to 29 mm. if measured from the edge of
the nostril, and up to 39 mm. if measured from the forehead to the
tip. They have, of course, the interscapulars red, not black.

214. CENTROPUS BENGALENSIS.

Cuculus bengalensis. Gm. Sys. Nat. i, p. 412 (1788).

3 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 1-6.11.15.

These specimens call for no remark.

215. PALEHORNIS CYANOCEPHALUS CYANOCEPHALUS,

Psittacus cyanocephalus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 141 (1766).

$ 2 Chan Teuk, E. Siam, 12.8.15.

These two birds call for no remark.

216. PALHORNIS ALEXANDRI FASCIATA.

Psittacus fasciatus, Mull. 8. N. Suppl., p. 746. f. (1776).

3 Samkok, C. Siam, 20.6.15.

¢ 2 Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 16.7.15.

¢ 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 16.8.15.

25 d juv. 2 2 Krabin, C. Siam, 3-9.11.15.

The wings of the males run from 149 to 164 mm. and of the
females from 143 to 156. The smallest adult male is 155 mm,

These birds are rather small when compared with North
Indian and Burmese specimens, but are otherwise exactly similar, *
The females and young males have the bills wholly black as in true
fasciata,

217. LoricuLUS VERNALIS.

Psittacus vernalis, Sparrm, Mos. Cacls., p. 29 (1787).

2 ¢ ° Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, 16-27.7.15.

¢ 2 Pak Jong, E. Siam, 18-21.8.15.

2 Klong Bang Lai, P. Siam, 20.1.16.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FROM SIAM. 443

These little Lorikeets call for no remark. They are all quite
typical. :

It is very doubtful whether pusillus from Java, with its
yellow throat, should be considered a sub-species of this bird, as the
colour of this part in Loriculws seems to be of specific value, 2. é.,
bluish in vernalis, yellow in pusillws and red in flosculws and exilis,
nor does there seem to be any running of the one into the other as
one would expect in geographical races.

(To be continued. )

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919,

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445

ON A NEW FORM OF WHITE-EYE FROM SIAM.
By H. C. Rogpinson AND C. BopEN Koss.

Zosterops palpebrosa williamsoni, subsp. nov.

Zosterops palpebrosa awreiventer, Stuart Baker ( nec Hume ),
antea, p. 190.

Intermediate between Z. p. simplex! Swinh., of South China
and Z, p. aureiventer Hume, of the Malay States ( Typical locality,
Tavoy).

Rump yellower than in simplex and a streak of yellow near-
ly always present on the abdomen.

Duller throughout than awreiventer ; greener, less yellowish
above ; throat, foreneck and tail-coverts paler yellow; abdominal
stripe very much smaller; sides and flanks without any wash of
drab.

Type: Adult male from Meklong, Central Siam, obtained on
12th February 1918 by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s collector.

Dimensions: Tail, 39; wing, 54; tarsus, 15.5; bill from gape
12.5 mm.

Specimens examined: The type and seventeen others from
the same locality; one from Koh Rah, Takuapa, West Coast of
Peninsular Siam, Feb. 1919; and five from Batu, Selangor, Malay
States, Nov. 1906.

Compared with fourteen examples of Z. p. awreiventer from
the Malay States and a specimen of Z. p. simplex from Kuakiang,
South China.

—

1 We have followed Hartert (Vig. Palaark. Faun., 1, 1905, p. 315)
in regarding simplex as a subspecies of Z. palpebrosa (‘Temm.).

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM, VOL III, NO, 4, 1919,

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447

NOTES ON SOME RECENTLY DESCRIBED SIAMESE BIRDS.
By C. Bopen Kxioss, M. B. O. U.

When I obtained the mammals with which I have just dealt,
I also made a collection of birds of which I have given an account
in “Ibis”, January and April, 1918. In the October number of the
same Volume Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker criticised some of my conclus-
ions and has repeated his views in his recent paper dealing with
Mr. E. G. Herbert’s collection in this Journal (Vol III, No. 3, August
1919, pp. 177-216),

These notes are a reply to some of Mr. Baker's comments.
While he seems to me to have proved a most successful discoverer
of mares’-nests (in the matter of V. polioptera, O. f. minor, ©. s.
koratensis, etc.), when I propose a really bad race he fails to
convict me of error. Dicrurus annectens siamensis (Ibis, 1918,
p. 226) now appears to me, with a good deal more material
for examination and comparison, to be not only not a new form
at all, but even to have nothing to do with annectens. It is
merely Buchanga atra catheca (Swinh.) of S. E. China. The mat-
ter will be dealt with later.

Graucalus macei macei, Kloss, Ibis 1918, p. 192.
Graucalus macei siamensis, Baker, Ibis 1918, p. 596; id. Journ.
N. H. Soc. Siam, ITT, 1919, p. 208.

My only specimen, being a male, could not be distinguished
from the typical form; it is, of course, the bird since described as
G..m. suamensis by Mr. Baker ( Bull. B. O. C., xxxviii, p. 69) on
account of colour differences in the female.

But is that name tenable? Baker himself says that the
Siamese bird is the same as the Hainan one and the latter has
already been separated by Hartert as Graucalus macei larvivorus
[ Nov. Zool. xvii (1910), p. 227].

Volvocivora koratensis and V. polioptera, Kloss, t. c., pp. 193-4.

Volvocivora intermedia and V, neglecta, Baker, Ibis 1918, pp.
596-7.

Campophaga melanoschista intermedia and C. neglecta,
Baker, Journ, t. c., p. 207.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

448 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

This genus has never been satisfactorily reviewed—a proceed-
ing that is much called for—and the uncertainty which exists
regarding the status of some of its birds and their names makes
unanimity on the part of independent workers difficult.

Mr. Baker may, of course, be correct in his condemnation of
my /irst determination, but at present he is regarding all birds, not
seen by him, as similar to specimens obtained by another collector
in another locality—scarcely a safe conclusion in this instance.

Hume’s description of intermedia is very indirect, and as my
koratensis is called into question and referred to it, I will not
express an opinion again until I have examined and compared
further material.

Mr. Baker says that the birds I have called polcoptera * are
young specimens of neglecta. Perusal of Hume's original des-
cription of this form (Stray Feathers, V, 1877, pp. 203-5) based
on “numerous lovely specimens” shows that its wing-length ranges
from 96 to 106 mm. The types of polioptera had wings of 104
and 106 mm; my Siamese birds were rather larger, as I pointed
out (wings measured flattened 109—112 mm.), but Sharpe’s two
specimens do not, of course, indicate the variation in size of his
form. If Hume has fairly indicated the size of neglecta (and I
know of no Jarger dimensions on record) it is impossible to believe
that the greater are young examples of the lesser.

I have accepted as “neglecta a number of specimens from
Peninsular Siam having Hume’s measurements, and only radically
differing from culminata Hay, of the Malay States, to which
Oates rightly says it is allied, in having the vent and undertail
coverts white instead of grey, as he notes (Fauna Brit. Ind., Birds,
1, p. 493).

Hume mentions no white on the inner webs of the primaries
in neglecta: on the other hand, polioptera has the inner webs broad-
ly white. The birds which I allocate to these two agree respective-

ly in these particulars: the latter has much larger white tips to

* The references to Ogilvie Grant ( Ibis 1918, p. 597, line 14: lege
Kloss) and to Herbert (Ibis 1918, p. 594, line 11: lege Hartert) are no doubt
slips of the pen, but do not help to make Mr, Baker’s meaning clearer,

JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM,

SOME RECENTLY DESCRIBED SIAMESE BIRDS. 449

longer and largely grey (instead of black) tail feathers, and there are
other differences as well—such as wing black with a greenish sheen
in the first, length 96-106 mm; largely grey in the second, length
104-112 mm.

If my birds are not polioptera as I think, I feel I can say
with some certainty that they are not neglecta, young or old, as
Baker states.

The specimens seen by Baker from Tung Song and Klong
Wang Hip, Peninsular Siam, are, no doubt, neglecta and similar to
to those I have before me from the same district; but I should
hardly be prepared to call that a species. It is, with the more
southern mainland form culminata, only a race of the Javanese
jimbriata of Temminck; and the generic name of all these now
appears to me to be properly Lalage.

The truth, which Baker does not realise, is that two distinct
birds exist—the smaller and generally darker neglecta ranging from
Mergui in South Tenasserim (typical locality) through Peninsular
Siam, but becoming culminata in the Malay States: and the larger
and more variegated polioptera extending from Cochin-China (typi-
cal locality) to Northern Siam and to Koh Lak in South-western
Siam.

Pycnonotus blanfordi robinsoni, Kloss, t. c., p. 200.
Pycnonotus blanfordi blanfordi, Baker, Ibis 1918, p. 595.
Pycnonotus blanfordi, Baker, Journ., t. c., p. 197.

Mr. Baker considers that thes: names are synonymous, but
such material as I have been able to examine shows otherwise,
though P. b. robinsoni is not, I admit, a strongly differentiated
form. I have, however, found it locally consistent.

_ Otocompsa flaviventris minor, Kloss, t. c., p. 200.

Otocompsa flaviventris johnsoni, Baker, Ibis 1918, p. 597; id,
Journ., t. c., p. 194.

Mr. Baker agrees that my type specimen of O. f. minor dif-
fers in smaller size from the typical O. f faviventris and I said.
when proposing a new race, that it was the same as birds occurring
throughout the Malay Peninsula as shown by the examination of a

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

450 MR. ©. BODEN KLOSS ON

large series from that area, none of which, of course, are red-throat-
ed birds. It is thus not based on one bird only.

It is now suggested, however, that the specimen was a young
example of Rubigula johnsoni Gyldenstolpe, and that I. should.con-
cur if I saw the series Baker had before him. But when I described
O. f. minor there were available in my own collection a very.
fair number of topotypes of R. johnsoni (vide Otocompsa flaviven-
tris johnsoni Kloss, l. ¢. s.); sutficient, ai any rate, for Baker to
adopt, without comment, my amendment as to its generic position and
specific name !

My definition of South-west Siam is the region between.
Petchaburi and the Isthmus of Kra (t. ¢, p. 78): this, I presume
Baker accepts, and I shall be glad to learn from what places in that
area Mr. Herbert has obtained unquestionable (i. e., red-throated)
specimens of O. f. johnsoni, which Baker states is common there. No
one else has recorded it and the distribution now indicated for the
forms of the species is, at least, interesting—the remarkable red-
throated johnsoni inserting itself between two black-throated forms
which are only separable on the character of size !

Of the eighteen specimens listed by Baker in this Journal as
0. f. johnsoni, I suggest that only those from Pak Jong, Hinlap and.
possibly, Krabin, are examples of the red-throated subspecies. I
think that the latter is practically confined to the Korat region (i. ©,
Eastern Siam): apparently it does not occur in South-eastern Siam,

nor has it been recorded from anywhere in French Indo-China,

Setaria lepidocephala, Kloss, t. ¢., p, 203.

Setaria rufifrons, Baker, Ibis 1918, p. 594; id. Journ. t. ¢., p. 186.

I listed my birds as S. lepidocephala (Gray ) because the
maximum wing-length of the series was 74 mm., while Finsch, who
examined the type of S. rufifrons, records it as 80 mm. Mr. Baker
gives a translation of the original description of rufifrons in which
the wing is stated to be 3 inches and, transposing this to 76.2 mm.,
says that the latter name is applicable and must stand for the birds
under discussion.

He has not, however, realised that Cabanis and Heine would

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

SOME RECENTLY DESCRIBED SIAMESE BIRDS. 451

have used the old continental inch which is about 2 mm. larger than
the English one. Finsch is therefore probably correct after all, and
until the point is decided against him I shall prefer to remain faith-

ful to my own selection of a name.

‘Mixornis rubricapilla sulphurea, Kloss, t. c., p. 204.

Mixornis sumatrana rubricapilla, or M. s. minor, Baker, Ibis
1918, p. 595; id., Journ., t.c., p. 189.

Mr. Baker says that Stachyridopsis sulphwrea Rippon is
Mixornis rubricapilla pure and simple. If this is correct then
M. minor Gyldenstolpe is a good form. I accepted an assurance
that the first and last are the same thing.

I have not seen either the type or exact topotypes of sulphurea,
as Baker apparently has, but a series of minor differs noticeably
from a topotype of rubricapilla with which I have compared it
(vide Ibis 1918, p. 2(6, under M. rv, swlphwrea).

Two forms, at least, occur in Siam, and it is not clear which
Baker is unable to distinguish from true rubricapilla: sulphwrea or
minor is found in the north and east, and connectens in the south-
west, south and south-east: I have also recently obtained the latter
in Cochin-China and South Annam.

I did not point out that swmatrana is the oldest and, there-
fore, must be the. specific name for this bird (that is Mr. Baker's
opinion) for it is not: but I regretted that, contrary to accepted prac-
tice, it could not be used specifically, for I should like to see the first
known form held to be typical of the species whatever the name it
might eventually have to be called by. Surely this is more safe
and logical than typifying the species by a later-known form, and
inyolves no greater change in nomenclature,

Prinia inornata blanfordi, Kloss, t. c., p. 211.

Prinia inornata herberti, Baker, Ibis 1918, p. 595; id., Journ.,
oe. Oe

As Mr. Baker discovered his first error with regard to this
bird, so lately have I also seen mine. My own specimens were in
worn plumage and were determined with doubt, as was noted at the
time; but I have since seen good examples from Siam collected by
Mr. Williamson who wrote that they were typical of the bird named

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919,

452 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON

P. i. herberti, subsp. nov. In bestowing this name upon it Baker
seems to have made a second mistake.

I suggest that the bird is only the Javanese Prinia polychroa
(Temm.), [ Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. vii, p. 202], with several

good specimens of which I have compared the Siamese skins.

Chalcoparia singalensis koratensis, Kloss t. ¢., p. 218.

Chalcoparia singalensis singalensis, Baker, Ibis 1918, p. 596
( ab inferentio ).

The more I see of this species (and the number of specimens
now available from both south and north is considerably greater
than when I proposed the new race), the more I am assured that
two good forms exist.

The make-up of skins might be responsible, as Mr. Baker
suggests, for what I will call fictitious disposition of pattern, but
not for fictitious tones of colour, and I do not consider that the
attempt to explain away differences, which were at first unhesitat-
ingly accepted, is well judged.

The Tenasserim birds mentioned by Tweeddale are probably
the same as the Siamese, for I now think that author accidentally
reversed some of the localities when writing, using northern for
southern and vice versa.

Buchanga atra longus, Kloss, Ibis, t. ¢., p. 227.

Dicrurus ater longus, Baker, Nov. Zool., xxv, 1918, p. 299.

Iam sure that neither this race, nor any one allied to it,
occurs in “the extreme south and east of the Malay Peninsula”, as
stated by Baker.

Buchanga leucophea, Kloss, Ibis, t. ¢., p. 227.

Dicrurus leucopheus leucopheus, Baker, Nov. Zool, t. ¢., p. 293.

Mr. Baker says that “birds from Johore and Singapore are
undoubtedly true lewcophweus” (line 5 from bottom of page). This
also isa statement that must be challenged: Ido not think that
the form occurs in either locality or anywhere near by.

sere i aly-i9* ae paradiseus, Kloss, t. c., p. 228; Baker

( partim ), Nov. Zool., t. c., p. 300.

This name was based by Linnewus on material from Siam, but

now-a-days such a broad typical locality is much too indefinite in

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

SOME RECENTLY DESCRIBED ISIAMESE BIRDS. 453

this instance: I therefore restrict it to the region between Ayuthia
and the head of the Gulf. The race extends down the Malay Penin-
sula about as far as Mergui, and has a fairly large crest, when fully
developed.

Dissemurus paradiseus malayensis, Kloss, t. c., pp. 229, 518.

Dissemurus paradiseus paradiseus, Baker (partim ), Nov. Zool.,
t. c., p. 300.

This form, founded by Blyth on Penang birds, occurs through-
out the Malay Peninsula from about Mergui to Perak. It has a
smaller crest and wing than the typical race found round Bangkok
and is quite worthy of the recognition which Baker fails to accord it.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

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455

NOTE ON A COLLECTION OF ODONAJA FROM SOUTH ANNAM.
BY Major F. C. Fraser, I. M. S.

( With one text-figure ).
INTRODUCTION

The collection, which contains 119 specimens and has repre-
sentatives of 34 species or about one fourth of the Odonate fauna
of South Annam, is fairly representative of that part of Indo-China,
although the smaller forms of Zygoptera are not in evidence. There
appears to be one new species in the list which is detailed below, and
I am a little in doubt with regard to an Anotogaster of which a
female is the sole representative of its genus in the collection, and a
very teneral male of Megalestes which was so compressed in the paper
packet that it was impossible to make out the formation of the anal
appendages.

[ The small collection of Dragonflies which Major Fraser has
kindly determined for us was made by Dr. Malcolm Smith and
myself during a visit to South Annam in the spring of 1918.

Our camp at Daban was pitched near the Kronfa river
where it makes exit from the mountains of Langbian, and when we
went to bathe in its clear waters running among rocks and boulders
it was our custom to take a net with us on account of the beantiful
insects that flitted over the river; such were Nos. 24, 25, 27, 28,
29, 30.

Most of the other species from Daban were taken along a
path running between the river and the forest through a patch of
coarse grass-!and interspersed with saplings and bushes; these were
Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8—18, 20—22, 32—34. The species of Newrothe-
mis were very common and mixed together in this place, perching
on twigs and grass stems.

The few examples from Dran (Nos. 7, 15, 23, 26) were taken
in grass country near water. Dalat, whence came ‘Nos. 2, 9, 19 and
26, is grass country covered with pine forest.

The camp on Langbian Peaks was set on a grassy slope at the
edge of mixed forest (No. 31).

VOL. IIT, NO, 4, 1919.

456 MAJOR. F. C, FRASER ON

Tour Cham is in the coastal plain of Phanrang; short os
dotted with thorny bushes (No. 33).

Collecting insects did not come within the plan of our visit
to Annam and it was the beauty of the Calopterygine that inspired
us to begin capturing them. I regret that I have to trust to
memory for the few details of habitat given above.

C. Bopen Koss, ]

SYSTEMATIC.
ORDER. ODONATA.
Suborder. ANISOPTERA.
Family. AESCHNIDAE.
Subfamily. CoRDULEGASTERINAE.
Genus ANOTOGASTER,
_ 1. ANOTOGASTER KLOSSI, sp, DOV.
One 8.

The insect is in a dirty condition and I surmise that it was
taken in the act of oviposition,as members of the genus are accustomed
to descend into water for this purpose and so often get more or less
soiled with mud in the process. It is of great dimensions, the total
expanse being 140 mm., the length 118 mm., hindwing 67 mm., and
abdomen including ovipositor 80 mm.

Head : eyes green, rest of head blackish brown marked with
yellow as follows:—A streak across the face involving the lower
part of epistome, the attached border of labrum and a large spot on
the lateral lobes of the labium. The edge of the occiput is fringed
densely with short, stiff, black hairs.

Prothorax blackish brown with a pyriform, subdorsal spot of
yellow on each side.

Thorax dark brown marked with yellow :—a wedge-shaped
antehumeral spot with the base upwards, approximating to its fellow
above and diverging below, a broad stripe at the side, and the
metepimeron largely yellow.

Abdomen a tawny yellow with the internodal joints and the
area immediately in front of them brownish black. Legs black.
Ovipositor very robust,

JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF ODONATA FROM SOUTH ANNAM 457

Wings hyaline, the basal portions richly saffronated to about
halfway to node, the free border of this area curving obliquely: back
_to the tornus, Antenodal nervures in forewing 27, postnodal ner-
vures 19, antenodal nervures in hindwing 18, postnodals 20, 4 cells
in trigone of forewing, 3 in that of the hind. Stigima black.

Taken at Daban, 650 ft, Phanrang Province, March 1918.

Genus IcTINUS.
2, I. RAPAX.
One o. Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March 1918.

Genus MACROGOMPHUS.

3. M. ANNULATUS Selys.
One ¢. Taken at Dalat, 5000 ft., Langbian Province, April-
May 1918.
Famity LIBELLULIDAE.
Subfamily CoRDULILNAE,.
Genus MACROMIA.
4. M. GERSTAKERI Kruger.
One d. Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March, 1918.
Subfamily LipeLLuLinae.

Genus LATHRECISTA.

5. lL. ASIATICA ASIATICA Ris.

One ¢ and one 2. Daban 650 ft., March 1918.

The markings in this pair are very bright and distinct. The
apices of the wings are tipped with brown and there is some saf-
fronation along the costal margins. The specimens conform to the
wet season type.

; Genus ORTHETRUM.
6. O. SABINA Kirby.
One ¢ only. Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March, 1918.
7. O. pRuINosUM Kirby. One ¢. Dran, 3,000 ft, Lang-
bian Province, March 1918.

Genus BRACHYDIPLAX.
_ 8 B. rarrNnosa Kirby.
One ¢, Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March 1918.

VOL, 111, NO. 4, i919.

458 MAJOR F. C. FRASER ON

The specimen appears to be fully adult but bears only the
slightest trace of pruinescence on the thorax and none at all on the
abdomen. The colour of the latter and thorax is a golden or reddish
brown.

Genus DIPLACODES,
€. D. TRIVIALIS Rambur.
Two ¢ and one 2. Same locality as the last.

Genus NEUROTHEMIS.

10. N. INTERMEDIA INTERMEDIA Ris.

Five ¢ and four 2. The basal marking in the males is of
a very light colour.

11. N, FLucTUANS Hagen.

Three ¢. The colour of the wing varies from a rich shade
of amber to a deep chocolate brown, apparently due to the varying
ages of the specimens. The extent is about the same in all.

12. - N. TULLIA TULLIA Kirby.

One ¢ only,

13. N. TULLIA FERALIS Selys.

One ¢ and one &.

14. N. rutvia Drury.

One 2 and four ¢. The specimens are unusually small as
compared with Indian species. The males have only the extreme tip
of the wings tipped with brown, the hyaline space adjoining being
correspondingly enlarged, thus resembling species from Burma. This
feature appears to be constant and if the type specimen is from
Bombay, they must be regarded asa distinct variety. The @ is
the smallest I have seen of its kind. All the above five speicimens
of Newrothemis were taken at Daban, Phanrang Province, 650 ft.
March 1918.

Genus CRocoTHEMIS.

15. ©, SERVILIA Brauer.

Two ¢. Same locality as the last.

16. OC. ERYTHRAE Brauer.
One teneral ¢. Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Provinee, March

JOURN. NAT. UIST. SOC, STAM,

1918.

A COLLECTION OF ODONATA FROM SOUTH ANNAM 459

Teneral species of this insect so closely resemble servilia

that this may possibly be a teneral form of that species.

1918.

Genus BRACHYTHEMIS.

17. B.coNTAMINATA Brauer.
Eight ¢ and four 2, taken in the same locality as the last.

Genus ZYGONYX.

18. Z.1R1s Selys.
Three 3 and one Q.

Genus TRITHEMIS,

19. T.¥FEsTIVA Brauer.
One 2 only. Dalat, 5000 ft., Langbian Province, April-May

The altitude at which this insect was taken is greater than

usual, it being essentially a plains species. From 3000-4000 ft. is

its limit in Ceylon and India.

1918.

Genus HyDROBASILEUS.
20. H. croceus Karsch.
One 2 only. Daban 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March 1818.
Genus THOLYMIS.
21. T. TILLARGA Hagen.
One ¢ only. From the same locality as the last.
Genus RHYOTHEMIS.
22. KR. PHYLLIS PHYLLIS Hagen.
One ¢ and one 2. From same locality as last.
23. KR. PLUTONIA Selys.
One 3. Dran, 3000 ft., Langbian Province, March-May

SuBorDER ZYGOPTERA.
Family CALOPTERYGIDAE.
Subfamily CALOPTERYGINAE.
Genus NEUROBASIS.

24. N.SINENSIS, Linn.
Three d. Daban 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March 1918.

VOL III, NO. 4, 1919,

460 MAJOR F. C. FRASER ON

Genus VESTALIS.

25. V. APICALIS Selys.

Six ¢ and seven 2. The apical marking varies in density
but none of the specimens are as dark as specimens from Malabar,
India,

Genus MNAIs.

26. M.EARNSHAWI Williamson.

Four ¢ and four 2. Some of the specimens are in a teneral
condition. From Dran 3000 ft. and Dalat 5000 ft., Langbian Province,
March to May, 1918.

The eight specimens of this very interesting insect exhibit
well the remarkable polymorphism of the rudimentary pterostigma,
which is clearly undergoing a gradual reduction. Indeed, by a com-
parative examination of the material at hand, it is possible to trace
the complete process of reduction from a moderately large and well-
defined pterostigma to a complete obsolescence as found in Vestalis.
In the same specimen, the pterostigma is seen to vary in all 4 wings,

Pterostigma of M. earnshawi, arranged in series to show
the gradual reduction which is taking place.

especially in the females, in one of which it is entirely absent and in
two other wings it is merely indicated by the faintest shading about
one of the postnodal, apical nervures. In other wings, it is of the
palest grey or entirely hyaline so that some difficulty is experienced
in determining which cell represents the pterostigma. In the males
it is a deep blood-red and may overflow its bordering nervures so
that it appears to be traversed by the same. In reality this appear-
ance is apparently due to a gradual contraction in the size of the

stigma so that the bordering nervures are being left behind, a pro-

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM,

A COLLECTION OF ODONATA FROM SOUTH ANNAM. 461

eess which is taking place both proximally and distally. In one of
the females the process of reduction is being helped by an approx-
imation of the bordering nervures so that it is seen to be triangular
in shape due to the nervures having met posteriorly.
Genus PSEUDOPHOEA.
27. P. VARIEGATA Rambur.
Five ¢ and two 2.
28. P. MASONI Selys.
Eleven 3. Both species from Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Pro-
vince, March, 1918.
Genus RHINOCYPHA.
29. R. FULGIDIPENNIS Guerin.
Five ¢ and two &.
30. R. PERFORATA PERFORATA Percheron.
Two <d. Both species from the same locality as the last.
Famity LESTIDAE.
Subfamily LEsTINAE
Genus MEGALESTES.
31. M.Mmasor Selys.
One teneral ¢. Langbian Peaks, 6000 ft., South Annam,
April, 1918. The species is doubtful as the specimen is very
teneral and much compressed in the paper packet.
Genus LESTES.
32. L. viripULA Rambur.
Two ¢ andone 2. Dran 3000 ft., Langbian Province, March-
May, 1918. | 7
Famity AGRIONIDAE.
Subfamily AGRIONINAE
Genus ISCHNURA.
33. JI. SENEGALENSIS Rambur.
Four ¢ and two 9. Tour Cham, Phanrang Province, March-
May, 1918. Sea level.
GENUS CERIAGRION.
34. C. ERUBESCENS Selys.
Two 2 and one ¢. Daban, 650 ft., Phanrang Province, March
1918.

VOL, III, NO. 4, 1919,

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463

ON BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED BY MALCOLM A. SMITH AND
C. BODEN KLOSS IN SOUTHERN ANNAM-

By E. J. GopFREY, B.Sc, F.E,S.

The collection of which an aecount is *given in this paper
was made by Dr. Malcolm Smith and Mr. Boden Kloss during the
course of an expedition to the Lang Bian plateau, S. Annam, French
Indo-China.

The collecting stations to which reference is made were:—

(1) Daban 650 = feet.
(2) Sui Kat (Dran) 8000: '
(3) Dalat 5000. ,,

(4) Lang Bian peaks 6000
Owing to the fact that the collecting of butterflies was only

”

a secondary object of the expedition the series obtained was not
avery large one, but several specimens of considerable interest
were secured.

Herr Fruhstorfer, who with a number of trained collectors
visited much the same district in 1901, has recorded in Seitz’s “ Mac-
ro-lepidop$2ra of the World” a number of butterflies of the
country. I have combinel the results of the expedition of Smith
and Kloss with Fruhstorfer’s records in Seitz.

It should, however, be understood that the “ Macro-lepidop-
tera of the World” is incomplete and does not include the Lycani-
de and Hesperiide.

FAMILY PAPILIONID.!

1. PAPILIO ARISTOLOCHIL# GONIOPELTIS Rothsch.
Thirteen specimens, Daban.
Not recorded from Annam by Jordan.

2. PAPILIO CLYTIA PAPONE Westw.
One specimen, Daban.

} Jordan also records from Anvam ;—
Papilio castor phanrangensis Fruhst. (The Siamese race is P. castor
mahadeva Moore.)
Papilio antiphates pompilius Fabr.
Papilio doson axion Fldr. (=eurypylus Hbn.)
Leptocircus meges virescens Btlr.

VOL. HI, NO. 4, 1919.

464 MR. E. J. GODFREY ON

Not recorded from Annam by Jordan.

3. PAPILIO DEMOLEUS MALAYANUS Wall.

Two specimens, Daban.

Jordan (Seitz, Macro-lep. 9, p. 48.) states that some of the
specimens obtained by Fruhstorfer in Annam are distinguished
by specially broad patches. These are known as ab, annamitcus
Fruhst.

4. PAPILIO POLYTES POLYTES Linn.

Two specimens, Daban.

Not recorded from Annam by Jordan.

5. PAPILIO AGETES AGETES Westw.

One specimen, Sui Kat.

6. PAPILIO NOMIUS SWINHOEI Moore.

Two specimens, Dalat.

Famity PIERID/é 2

7. LeEpTOSIA XIPHIA XIPHIA Fabr.
‘Two specimens, Daban.
8. DELIAS DESCOMBESI LEUCACANTHA Fruhst.
One specimen, Sui Kat.
Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.
9, DELIAS AGLAIA THyRA Fruhst.
One specimen, Dalat. ;
10. HUPHINA NERISSA DAPHA Moore.
Four specimens, Daban.
Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.
11. HUPHINA NADINA NADINA Lue.
Two specimens, Daban.
12. APPIAS LIBYTHEA ZELMIRA Cr.
Two ¢d, one 2, Daban,
13. APpPIAS LYNCIDA HIPPOIDES Moore.

2 Fruhstorfer also records from Annam :—
Delias agostina annamitica Fruhst.
Prioneris thestylis jugurtha Fruhst.

Trias pyrene annamitica Fruhst.
Trias lacteola lacteola Dist.
Pareronia valeria hippia Fabr.

JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM,

BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED IN S. ANNAM. 465

One 2, Daban.

14. APPIAS ALBINA CONFUSA Fruhst.

Two 2, Daban.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.

15. ‘TERIAS LETA PSEUDOLHTA Moore.

Three specimens, Daban.

16. TERIAS BLANDA DAVIDSONI Moore.

Five specimens, Daban.

17. GANDACA HARINA BURMANA Moore, (=ANNAMIiCA Moore).
Two specimens, Daban.

Famity NYMPHALID.
Sub-family Danan?

18. DANAIS CHRYSIPPUS CHRYSIPPUS Linn.

Two specimens, Daban.

19. DANAIS PLEXIPPUS PLEXIPPUS Linn.

Three specimens, Daban.

20. DANAIS MELISSA SEPTENTRIONIS Btlr.

Two specimens, Daban.

21.. DANAIS AGLEA PHURMION Fruhst.

Two specimens, Daban.

22. DANAIS SIMILIS PERSIMILIS. Moore.

Two specimens, Daban.

A wet-season aberration found in Annam and Tonkin is
known as ab. hyria Fruhst. .

23. EupeLa@a GoparTI Luc. (= SIAMENSIS Fldr.)

Six specimens, Daban.

24, EUPLG@A HARRISI HARRISI Fldr.

Seven specimens, Daban.

25. EUPL&A MULCIBER MULCIBER Cr.

Four specimens, Daban.

3 Fruhstorfer also records from Annam :—
Euplea deione limborgi Moore.
Huplea diocletianus diocletianus Fabr. <

VCL. 111, NO. 4, 1919.

456 MR. E. J. GODFREY ON

Sub-family SaTyRIn«z!

26. YPTHIMA HUEBNERI HUEBNERI Kirby.

One specimen, Daban.

27. YprHiMA BALDUS BALDUS Fabr.

Two specimens, Daban. These are of the dry-season form

which Fruhstorfer calls marshalli Btlr.

28. LETHE EUROPA NILADANA Fruhst.

Two specimens, Daban.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.

29. LETHE MINERVA subsp ?

Fruhstorfer (Seitz, Macro-lep. 9, p. 318.) divides the species

into two races: minerva Fabr., from Java and Sumatra, and

tritogenia Fruhst., from Tenasserim and Burma. The two
specimens obtaine] are most probably referable to the latter
race, as also are Siamese specimens.

30. LETHE MEKARA subsp ?

One specimen, Daban.

This agrees exactly with Siamese specimens sent by me to
the British Museum, and is probably referable to the race crijnana
Fruhst. from Tonkin which Fruhstorfer says is probably distributed
to Tenasserim.

31. MyYCALESIS MINEUS MINEUS Linn.

Nine specimens, Daban.

32. MYCALESIS PERSEOIDES PERSEOIDES Moore,

One specimen, Daban.

33. ORSOTRLENA MEDUS Fabr.

One specimen, Daban.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.

34. MELANITIS ZITENIUS subsp ?

Seven specimens, Daban, ‘These correspond with Siamese
specimens sent by me to the British Museum, but not yet identitied.

35. ELYMNIAS HYPERMNESTRA UNDULARIS Drury.

One specimen, Daban.

+ Fruhstorfer also records from Annaimn :-

Ypthima asterope annamitica Frubst.

Mycalesis gotama charaka Moore.
Melanitis phedima ganypati Frulst.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED IN S. ANNAM. 467

Sub-family MorPHIN®.

36. FAUNIS EUMEUS INCERTA Stgr.

Two specimens, Lang Bian peaks.

37. DISCOPHORA CONTINENTALIS SEMINECHO Stich.

One badly damaged specimen, Dalat.

Sub-family NyMPHALIN#.?

38. ERGOLIS MERIONE PHARIS Fruhst.

Two specimens, Daban.

39. CUPHA ERYMANTHIS LOTIS Sulz. 2 te

One specimen, Daban.

40, ATELLA PHALANTA PHALANTA Drury.

One specimen, Daban.

41. PRECIS IPHITA IPHITA Cr. m

Four specimens, Daban.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.

42. PRECIS ATLITES ATLITES Linn.

One specimen, Daban.

43. PRECIS ALMANA ALMANA Linn.

One specimen, Daban.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.

44. PRECIS LEMONIaS =NARIA Fruhst. ’

Three specimens, Daban.

45. CYRESTIS THYODAMAS THYODAMAS Bsdv.

One specimen, Daban.

46. RAHINDA HORDONIA HORDONIA Stoll.

Two specimens, Daban.

Fruhstorfer distinguishes between two seasonal forms:
hordonia Stoll., referring to the w. s. £., and plagiosa Moore to the
ets: E;

47, RAHINDA PARAKA ASSAMICA Moore.

One specimen, Daban.

48. NeEpTIS HYLAS ACERIDES Fruhst.

Twelve specimens, Daban.

VOL. 111, NO. 4, 1919.

468

MR. E. J. GODFREY ON

Fruhstorfer distinguishes between two seasonal forms:

sangaica Moore and acerides Fruhst.

49, NEPTIS MIAH NOLANA Druce.

One specimen, Daban.

50. PANTOPORIA PERIUS PERIUS Linn.

One badly damaged specimen, Daban. :

51. LeBADEA MARTHA Fabr.

One specimen, Daban.

Fruhstorfer distinguishes between two seasonal forms:

martha Fabr., referring to the w.s. f. and attenwata Moore, to the

"ere

S|

-

52. PARTHENOS SYLVIA APICALIS Moore.

One specimen, Sui Kat.

53. EUTHALIA DIRTEA JADEITINA Fruhst.

One ¢, Sui Kat.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.

54, EULEPIS EUDAMIPPUS NIGROBASALIS Lathy.

One specimen, Sui Kat.

Not recorded from Annam by Fruhstorfer.
Famity NEMEOBID.

55. ZEMEROS FLEGYAS Cr.

Two specimens, Daban.

Fruhstorfer also records from Annam :—

Penthema darlisa annamitica Fruhst.

Cethosia biblis viridiana Fruhst.

Cethosia cyane ewanthes Fruhst.

Sumbrenthina hippoclus daruca Moore.

Precis orithya ocyale Hbn.

Cyrestis cocles cocleoides Fruhst. (The Siamese race is C. cocles

cocles Fabr )

Chersonesia risa transiens Mart.
Neptis magadha annamitica Fruhst.
Neptis soma pseudadipala Fruhst. (The Siamese race is .V. soma

tushita Fiuhst.)

Neptis columella martabana Moore.
Euthalia julii indochinensis Frusht (The Siamese race is 2. julii ode

lina Fruhst.)

Euthalia kesaya sastra Fruhst. (The Siamese race is FE. kesava

dicipilota Moore)

Euthalia evelina annamita Moore.

JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM.

BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED IN S. ANNAM. 469

56. TAXILA THUISTO EPHORUS Fruhst.
One specimen, Daban.
57. ABISARA META SIAMENSIS Fruhst,

One specimen, Daban.

Famity LYCANID/.
Sub-family Lycanina.
58. NEOPITHECOPS ZALMORA Btlr.
Two specimens, Daban.
59. CASTALIUS ROSIMON Fabr.
One specimen, Sui Kat.
60. CASTALIUS ROXUS ANGUSTIOR Stand.
One specimen, Daban.
61. ZizeERA GAIKA Trimen.,
‘Two specimens. Daban.
62. CYANIRIS PUSPA IMPERATRIX Btlr.
One specimen, Daban.
63. LycaNESTHES EMOLUS Godart.
One specimen, Daban.
64. LAMPIDES CELENO Cr.
One specimen, Sui Kat.
65. CATOCHRYSOPS STRABO Fabr.
One specimen, Daban.
Sub-family THECLIN®.
66. APHNAUS SYAMA PEGUAN\’ Moore
One specimen, Daban.

Sub-family ARHOPALIN®,
67. ARHOPALA CENTAURUS Fabr.
Three specimens, Daban.
68. ARHOPALA ALEA Hew.
One specimen, Daban.
Sub-family DEUDORIGIN®.
69. CAMENA coTys Hew. :
Two specimens, Daban.
70. CHERITRA FREJA Fabr,
Ten specimens, Daban.

VOL. III, NO. 4, 1919.

470 MR. GODFREY ON BUTTERFLIES FROM ANNAN.

71. LoxuRA ATYMNYUS Cr.

One specimen, Daban.

Famity HESPERIID/.
Sub-family Hesperiin.
72. OpoNTOPTILUM ANGULATA Fldr.
One specimen. Daban.
73. TAGIADES ATTICUS Fabr.
Two specimens. Daban.
Sub-family PAMPHILINA.
74. AmprrrTiA MARO Fabr.
One specimen, Daban.
75. ASTICTOPTERUS OLIVASCENS Moore.
Two specimens, Daban.
76. NovrocrypTA FEISTHAMELIL Bsdv.
‘Two specimens, Daban.
77. Loroneus caLtataus Hew.
Two specimens, Daban.
78. HALPE MOOREL BETURINA Fruhst.
One specimen, Sui Kat.
79. PARNARA MATHIAS Fabr.
Three specimens, Daban.
80. PARNARA AUSTENI Moore.
One specimen, Daban,
81. ) These correspond with Siamese specimens of mine
82. ) numbered [284] and [386] respectively, sent to the
British Museum but not yet identified.

JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM.

INDEX OF SPECIES. VOLUME II.

New names in heavy type.

Abisara meta siamensis
Abrornis superciliaris ualnna set

; superciliaris
Acanthion brachyurus
i P klossi
. klossi ...
- terutaus
Accipter nisus fe a
Z » lMelanoschistus ...
Ls soloensis
Acridotheres grandis
. leucocephalus
3 tristis

Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis
Aegithina tiphia tiphia

a viridissima
Aethiopsar fuscus fuscus
> » grandis

» infuscatus ...
Aethopyga cara

w sanguinipectus
seherle cara
> Siparaja __,,
Aethor hynchus lafrayesnii
PS lafr esnayel
14 xanthotis

Agropsar sturninus
Ailurun planiceps
Alauda gulgula sala
» Bale
Alcedo asiatica
s, beavani
» bengalensis
» chloris
5 ses
» ispida bengalensis
» meninting
‘ a coltarti
’ 2 scintillans
» Ppileata

124,
65,
Gs 169,

106,

118,

190;

il INDEX OF SPECIES.

PAGE

Alcippe davisoni ... rs sy 188
i magnirostris * 1858

m phaeocephala magnirostris tes 188
Alseonax latirostris aye oe 104, 214
Alsocomus puniceus dé 31
Amaurornis phoenicura shinontin oo 91
Ampeliceps coronatus ay ae 117,21
Ampittia maro-... oe a 470
Anastomus oscitans yee A 39, 42
Ancistrodon rhodostoma nae eae 46
Annorhinus galeritus i ge 435
Anotogaster klossi, sp. nov. ... fn 456
Anous stolidus ... ies a 38, 83
Anthipes malayana rep hea 214
J olivacea vs 214

x submoniliger malayar ana ees 214
Anthothreptes hypogrammica.. tr 118
a malaccensis ... ie 119, 414
Anthiracoceros albirostris ays ae’ 96
= albirostris a 446

Anthreptes modesta hey 5A 414
Anthus cervinus ... a3 ibs 30
, maculatus... ie & 412
richardi... oe bet 412

‘i » Malayensis... _ 118

if ,» Vichardi =~ ot 412

a rufulus hin *: 412

. . vukaigs . ae TF 412

, trivislis. ... ote Ts 412

i haringtoni... bet 412
Anuropsis malaccensis ry bad 187
Aonyx cinerea... i ‘is 146
Aphneus syama peguana es ry, 467
Apiaster indicus erythrocephalus ate 432
Aplonis panayensis strigatus ... asd 117
Appias albina confusa 5 i 465
5 libythea zelmira are ‘ab 464

, Jyncida hippoides sas eu 464
Aquila maculata ... : 27, 39
Arachnechthra flammaxillaris flammaxillari is 414
rhizophore —... sae 414
Arachnothera affinis modesta ... Ped 414
a longirostris _. iis 119

% 3 longirostris 7 414
Arboricola brunneipectus <i “— 32

Arcticonus thibetanus ae a 144

INDEX OF SPECIES. ili

PAGE.
Arctictis binturong a bi 122
= 4 binturong... a 53, 148
» gairdneri tis se 53, 148
Arctogalidia leucotis a a 147
> major se sia 147
Arctonyx collaris ... te ait 145
fe collaris dictator a oda 123
dictator ... ae bins 144
Ardeola grayi_... a a 92
Arhopala alea yee aor obs 469
i centaurus bes oa 469
Artamus fuseus.... “8 i 208
Arundinax aedon ; PF 113
Asarcornis scutulata leucoptera ost 92
Astictopterus olivascens re ves 470
Astur badius poliopsis divs He 93°
JS SOLOGHGESS)) v0: ane ys 29
Atella phalanta phalanta ee ae 467
Atherurus macrourus an ae 169
4 terutaus he vP 169
Bandicota mordax aa ... 168, 382, 383
BR setifera ae i 382, 383
3 siamensis, Sp. nov. ... 000, aG2,a55
Barangia sumatrana ar sats 145
Baza lophotes ... ae Sat 87, 94
Blythipicus porphyromelas _... ¥ 422
Bos banteng ad ate Bek 335
3 3 birmanicus me a ok 125,174
» bubalis Ze ss ae 125,178
.» gaurus as ee a2 125
a » hubbacki a ae 174
a at. c¥eadl mn aS 173, 391
Sd POPRCE yy sc Sa eae 174
, sondaicus birmanicus ‘i ae 174
Brachydiplax farinosa — pa! 457
Brachypodius criniger of oa 194
Brachypteryx malaccensis tod ae 187
nigricapitata ... aes 185
Brachythemis contaminata ane ee 459
Bradypus ursinus Ate as 144
Bubuleus coromandus zs ee 41, 390
Buceros albirostris . ae aeP 436
» bicornis... ae =) 435

» ecoronatus oe oe 436

iv INDEX OF SPECIES.

PAGE

Buceros galeritus she oi 435
, leucogaster =e re 436

» malabaricus 2 obs 436
Buchanga atra catheca nab dis 447
= , longus ies ee 452

y: leucogenys bike .. 115, 116, 198

: leucophzea M3 452

x longicaudata inter renee re 115
Bucco chrysopogon ae vie 429
» cyanots. »... me bee 430

, faiostrictus = ae 428

» bhematocephalus Pin wa 431

» hayi sar + oes 431
indicus Wii a 3 mt 431

» mystocophanes ras ae 429
Sufo macrotis... «¥ at 230
Butaster indicus... is4 ae 28, 93
- liventer bad sin 28
Butorides javanica ons “ee 92
Cacangelus lugubris ate 97
Cacomantis merulinus mer nlinus is 98,4388
4 5 querulus aes 98

& 3 threnodes o 98

is querulus Hee ne 98

fe threnodes + Sa 98
eo lla volitans ie "ai 200
Callolophus malaccensis , Vas ; 102
7 mineatus malaccensis Fuk 102, 423
perlutus ...102, 423, 424

C tallosciurus albivexilli sb ui 158
e: atrodorsalis tachin athe 155

P ¥ thai ... on 155

A e zimmeensis woe 155

” bocourti bocourti iy 158

é é: dextralis — 159

‘3 gruti she i 159

fs m4 Ivlei sae Fite 159

4 x sinistralis a: 158

‘ caniceps caniceps hs 157

- 3 helgei... ne 158

rs castancoventris gordoni 4a 159

‘. concolor concolor ia. 157

2 " fallax: <2. dis 157

~ ™ milleri ... jd. 157

INDEX OF SPECIES. Vv

PAGE.

oo concolor samuiensis 157
5 - terutavensis 157

. epomophorus adangensis 157

5 : casensis 157

- * epomophorus 156

»3 3 fluminalis 156

= $ inexpectatus 156

os erythraeus pranis Won

“3 ee rubeculus T&5

a ferrugineus cinnamomeus 158

- » ° frandseni 158

F finlaysoni finlaysoni 155

i 5, folletti 156

s - harmandi 156

be # tachardi ee 156, 368

eo » — trotteri 156

e hippur us 159

* nigrovittatus hilimitatus 159

ws nox ; 158

< prevostii prevostii 160
vittatus miniatus 159
Caloramphus fuliginosa hayi .. 431
vs hayi 99
Calornis chalybaeus 117
Calyptomena viridis 103, 419
Camena cotys 469
Campophaga culminata 448, 449
- fimbriata 449

5 melanoschista interm edia 207, 447

7" neglecta 2 {ROS 207, “447, 448, 449

8 polioptera 207

Canis aureus 122,354
* s crusemanni 354

» cruesemanni 146

» familiaris var. Patrons 355

» javanicus 355

» Tutilans 146, 355

Cannomys badius

”?
”?

”

Capra, sp.

minor ...

, lénnbergi

a

Capricornis milne ~ edwards...

”

”

”?

m swettenhamei

384, 385, 386
168, 383, 386
-. 168, 384, 385

384
125
173

sumatraensis annectens, subsp. n. 333, 391
sumatrensis milne-edwardsi

.. 173, 391, 392
173

vi INDEX OF SPECIES.

Caprimulgus asiaticus

2 bimaculatus
a macrurus “
a " ambiguus
“ * bimaculatus
Es monticolus aia
Careineutes amabilis
}, pulchellus amabilis.
ss pulchellus

Carpococeyx renauldi
Carpophaga 2enea wnea
Castalius rosimon

es roxus angustior
Catochrysops strabo
Centrococcyx intermedius

as rufipennis
Centropus bengalensis $
sinensis inter aces:

Ceriagrion erubescens
Certhia cruentata

“ longirostris

a malaccensis
Cervulus, sp.

ms curvosty flis

i feae

Cervus cambojensis ine
, (Rucervus) duvauceli ...

» eldi
ae ,», platyceros
® ,, Slamensis

» equinus
» poreinus
i as annamiticus

, (Rucervus) schomburgki — 1, 2, 3,5

» Unicolor

a » equinus

» vaginalis
Ceryle leucomelanura

, Yrudis leucomelanura
Cetacea, sp. ;
Cethosia biblis v iridiana

a cyane euanthes
Ceyx tridactyla
Chaerephon plicatus
Chalcococeyx maculatus

7 xanthorhynchus

ies 97,
... 97, 436,

, 8, 7, 126,

43,
7, 126, ihe %

229,

437
437
437
434
434
434
441
90
469
469
469
441
99
442
441
461
415
414
414
125
172
172 .
6
2,3
4, 5

, 393

393
172
126
173
172
393
393
172
433
433
126
468
468
229
140

98
25

INDEX OF SPECIES. vil

PAGE,

Chalcoparia singalensis 119
) F be koratensis 119, “4d 5, 447, 452
ps singalensis 415, 452

Chalcophaps indica 90
Chaptia aenea malayensis 199
a malayensis 199
Cheiromeles torquatus 140
Cheritra freja 469
Chersonesia risa transiens 468
Chibia hottentotta 45
Chiromeles torquatus 140
Chiropodomys gliroides 167
Chloropsis aurifrons inornatus 192
Pr chlorocephala chlorocephala é 192

3 cyanopogon spleens subsp. my STA07

, icterocephala ie Bs 106

- malabarica inornata 192
zosterops 193
Chotorhea chrysopogon chrysopogon 429
_ mystocophanes 429

Ss . ampala 429

, versicolor 24
Chrysococcyx maculatus maculatus 439
Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus delesserti 424,
- yi guttacristatus 102, 424

Bie ES sultaneus ad: 424,

: indo-malayicus ... 102

Chrysophlegma flavinucha lylei 423, 424
a e.. pierrel 423

4 humii 4.23

pierrel 423

rayl 423

Circus spilonotus 29
Cissa chinensis 180, 181
a fi chinensis 180

ul minor 180, 181

Cisticola cursitans cursitans 200
» eXilis exilis 201

I » tytleri 201

ss » vVolitans 200, 201
Cittocincla macroura 2 410
= z macroura 410

. suavis ree 410

‘ tricolor 410
Cladobates belangeri 141, 355
Coelops frithii 136

Vili INDEX OF SPECIES.

Coelops robinsoni
Columba intermedia

u livia intermedia

* punicea
Copsychus macrurus

Hs mindanensis

zs saularis musicus

Coracias affinis
, chinensis
» Indicus
» orientalis

» puella
sumatranus
Corvus javanensis
5 macrorhynchus
varians

Corydalla malayensis
Corydon sumatranus

Corythrocichla brevicaudata herber ti

»” »
> ”»
: leucosticta
Criniger cabanisi
lénnbergi
ochraceus
pallida grandis
. Ss pallida
pallidus
salangee
sordidus
Crocidura aagaardi
fuliginosa
" negligens
Crocodilus palustris
porosus
i siamensis
Crocothemis erythrae
servilia
Crypsirhina varians
Cuculus bengalensis
chloropheus
lugubris
merulinus
‘ sonneratii
Culcicapa ceylonensis
Cuon rutilans

”

”

”

”

431, 432

103, 419

143, 355
"217, 218, 220
217, 218, 220
217, 218, 220, 221

458, 459

i 22,146, 355

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Cuon rutilans or javanicus
Cupha erymanthis lotis
Cyanecula suecica

Cyaniris puspa imperatrix
Cyanoderma erythropterum

» = erythropterum

cs sordida
Cyanops asiatica davisoni
- “ incognita
- duvauceli cyanotis

110,

429,

v3 mystacophanes aurantiifrons, subsp. ny 87,

e humii
a quadr icolor

Cymborhynchus macror hynchus malaccensis

3 malaccensis
_Cynopterus angulatus
is brachyotis angulatus
Ne 33 brachyotis
fe harpax ANS
F (Niadius) harpax
é sphinx
2 », Sphinx
Cyon javanicus
, rutilans
Cyornis magnirostris ab

ms ‘ eoerulifrons

. : magnirostris

» oOlivacea ...

» rubeculoides

, tickelli sumatrensis

Cypselus infumatus
Cyrestis cocles cocleoides
e » cocles
+i thyodamas thyodamas
Cyrtostomus flammaxillaris

Danais aglea phormion -
Core chrysippus chrysippus_
é, melissa septentrionis
» plexippus plexippus
» similis persimilis as
: (ab. hyria)
Delias aglaia thyra ea
» agostina annamitica
na deseombesi leucacantha

103,

133,

133,

43, 44,

x INDEX OF SPECIES.

Delphinus sinensis
Demiegretta sacra
Dendrocitta assimilis

“ himalayensis

Ps sinensis ‘
4 4 assimilis

~ y sinensis...

Dendrocopus pectoralis pectoralis
Dendrocyena javanica
Dendrogale frenata
Dendronanthus indicus

Diczeum chrysorrheum

g cruentata ignita
A cruentatum
:: ignicapilla
> trigonostigma
Dichoceros bicornis
Dicrurus annectens m;
b; i: siamensis ...
bs ater longus
i, leucogenys y
» » var. salangensis
‘: leucophzeus nis
%9 FS cineraceus
” = disturbans
” > leucophzeus
9 +4) nigrescens
« nigrescens

Diplacodes trivialis

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus
Discophora continentalis seminecho
Dissemurus paradiseus

” » malayensis
9 - paradiseus
- “a rangoonensis

Dissoura episcopus Te

Dremomys rufigenis belfieldi ...
as e rufigenis

Drymocataphus nigricapitatus

Drymophila velata

Dryonastes strepitans

Edela ruficeps
Edolius affinis
Elephas maximus ...

PAGE.

174

92

181

181

181

181

181

424

93

141
118, 412
119, 416
119
119, 415
416

119

96, 435
ve 115
... 115,198, 447
452
115, 198
115

115

199

199

452

199

115

458

46

467

116
116, 453
452, 453
116

91

160

160

185

215

16

ze 200
Ad 115
124, 169

INDEX OF SPECIES. x1

PAGE

Elymnias hypermnestra undularis Ye 466
Emballonura monticola ee Gadenit = 140
= peninsularis Sa Nis 140
Emberiza rutila ... iy ee 22
Enicurus frontalis... wea nar 409
R ruficapillus 7 a 409
Entomobia pileata ae re 95
Konycteris spelzea de tr 133
Epimys berdmorei ws +36 79
:. es magnus vet vee 165

i ‘ mullulus... és 79

3s. . eaneolor.... Age ven 62, 380

» jerdoni marinus ees ae 62, 165

a » pan ae ste 165

5 7 beprdus, 5... ae ae 60

» orbus a ah, ad 165

» pannellus co ons 163

es On eee ee re 377

¥ . fortunatus ... an 163

. i klumensis an ae 162

» ig kraensis ee ade 162

. 5 makensis Lc. ee 162

_ 3 poenitentiarii au 161

z be portus ae rE 161

S a rangensis ie fu 162

» remotus ... a Ae 162

» solus es eee aos 166

2 les BUPEbee ce. ay ee 376

z o> changensis_... Sib 163

= iS connectens.... bods 164

se a eclipsis oe oe 164

3 . finis re 46; 863; 376, 377

s Py kutensis =. + 163

a 5 manicalis Ag sis 164

K . pelagius +e wan 164

ns > spurcus fo as 164

= : surifer i i: 376
tenebrosus... a 164

FS wociar ans herberti ... Ke 165, 375
Eptesicus dimissus a, as 137
. pachyotis ce ae 137
Ergolis merione pharis be os 467
Erpornis xantholeuca bus oa 190
Erythra phoenicura 7 ei 91
Eucichla gurneyi ... : oes 103

Eudynamis honorata malayana as 439

xii

Eudynamis malayana

a malayanus ;
» Rss orientalis honor. ata
” malayana

Eulabes intermedia

+, javanensis
Eulepis eudamippus nigrobasalis
Eupetes macrocercus griseiv entris
Euploea deione limborgi GS
diocletianus diocletianus

a godarti (=siamensis) ...

L harrisi harris}

mulciber mulciber

Eurylemus j javanicus

; ochromelas
Eurylaimus javanicus
os ochromelas

Eurystomus calonyx ;
- orientalis calonyx

s orientalis
Euthalia dirtea jadeitina
5 evelina annamita
a julii indochinensis ~ ...
@ , odilina
‘. kesava dicipilota
> kesaya sastra

Falco peregrinus calidus
Faunis eumeus incerta
Felis affinis

, bengalensis

, Cchaus

- , affinis

, domestica

, nebulosa

, pardichroa

» pardus

¥ 1 var. variegata

» planiceps

» temminckii

, btenasserimensis

, tigris

viverrina

Fic. cedula coronata
Franklinia rufescens

INDEX OF SPECIES.

; 98, 99
‘117, 209, 210

209, 210
468
184
465
465
465
465
465
418
418
418
418
432
432
, 432
468
468
468
468
468
468

30
467
149
351
122
149
149
150

52
122
149
150
122, 150

351
121, 149
122, 150

203
113, 201

61, 122, 150,

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Franklinia rufescens beavani .
Funambulus berdmorei

2 insignis jelorensis
F peninsuize :
Pe rufigenis belfieldi.

Galeopithecus pumilus

Galeopterus peninsula ee

temmincki peninsule
“ pumilus

Gallinago stenura

Gallus gallus

eiflaed harina annamica

»

» burmana :
Garrulax leucolophus belangeri
” » diar oe
» iy leucolophus
» moniliger
. fuscata
a * leucotis
“4 moniliger ...
is mouhoti
¥ mouhoti

, strepitans
Garzetta garzetta
Gauropicoides rafflesi
. r peninsularis
Gecinulus viridis robinsoni
Gecinus occipitalis hessei

8 striolatus
a viridanus
. vittatus
9 % eisenhoferi
» cr viridanus
» ss vittatus
K weberi
Geocichla citrina citrina
PS » Imnotata
. innotata

Geopelia striata
Gerygone griseus
4 modigliani pectoralis.
if pectoralis
Glaucopis leucopterus
Glenargus leucopterus

420,

X1ll

- X1V INDEX OF SPECIES.

Glischropus tylopus
Golunda meltada
Gorsachius melanophus
Gracula intermedia
, javana intermedia
. » . javana
nigricollis
n sturnina
draculipica leucocephala lenceephala
iy nigricoliis me
Graminicola bengalensis negates,
Graptocephalus davi isoni
Graucalus macei larvivorus
macel
siamensis

”

”? ”?

”” +P]
Gulo urva
Gymnura gymnura minor
Gyps tenuirostris

Ha!cyon chloris

- pileata “
e smyrnensis fusca ee
Haliastur indus x
c , intermedius ...

Halicore dugong
Halpe moorei beturina
Hapalomys longicaudatus
Harpactes duvauceli
. oreskios 7
Harpiocephalus cyclotis
Helarctos malayanus
Helictis personata
Heliopais personata
Hemichelidon ferruginea
= fuliginosa ;
sibirica fuliginosa
Hemigalus derbianus incursor
Hemilophus pulverulentulus harterti
Hemipus obscurus
» pleatus picatus
Hemixus cinereus
hildebrandi
Herodias garzetta
Herpornis xantholeuca
Hesperoptenus blanfordi

208, 447

95, 434

20, 206

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Hierococeyx fugax nanus
nanus
sparverioides

bE

”

“ d: sparverioides
Himantopus candidus
Hipposideros armiger aia
3 Z debilis ..
bicolor °
diadema vicarius
gentilis atrox
ie . SIEMSIS* was
larvatus
lylei
Hirundo badia
eutturalis
javanica
rustica gutturalis

ie striolata
Homo lar
Hoplopterus v entralis
Huphina nadina nadina
a nerissa dapha
Hyaena striata
Hydrobasileus croceus
Hydrochelidon hybrida
leucoptera

Hydrocichla frontalis

3 ruficapilla
Hydrocissa albirostris
Hydroprogne caspia
Hyelaphus annamiticus
Hylobates lar
leucogenys

a pileatus
Hylomys siamensis

suillus siamensis

Hylopetes belone
phayrei phayrei

9

33

39

2

3)

5 as laotum
B probus
Hypothymis azurea prophata ..
= » styani
+ styani

Hypsipetes malaccensis
Hypurolepsis javanica
Hystrix brachyura

XV

Xvi INDEX OF SPECIES.

Hystrix macroura

Ictinus rapax
Indopicus delesserti
strictus

Tole cinerea
malaccensis oF
virescens cinnamomeoventris
lonnbergi

” 3 virescens
Iora lafrayesnil
lafresnayei

» vViridissima
Trena puella

” » cyanea

s ‘, puella
Ischnura senegalensis
Ixias pyrene annamitica
Ixidia webberi
Iyngipicus canicapillus

”
»”

»” ”»

»

Kerivoula bicolor
hardwickii
“ minuta
“ picta
Ketupa javanensis
a ketupa 7
Kittocincla macrurus macrurus

”

Lachesis gramineus
Lalage fimbriata neglecta
, sehierbrandi
Lampides celeno
Lanius cristatus
=. i cristatus
» emeria ive
longicaudatus
melanocephalus
nigriceps longicaudatus
» Superciliosus
Lariscus insignis jalorensis
Larus brunneicephalus
Larvivora cyanea

107, 193

114, 205

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Lathrecista asiatica asiatica

Lebadia atenuata
iF martha

Leptocirecus meges virescens

Leptoptilus dubius
i javanicus
Leptosia xiphia xiphia
Lepus peguensis
» Ssiamensis
Lestes viridula
Lethe crijnana
» europa niladana
» mecara, subsp.?
» minerva
£ ib subsp. ?
, tritogenia
Leuconoe adversus
. hasseltii
Limosa belgica
» limosa
» Melanuroides
Linsang -maculosus
Lobivanellus atrinuchalis
Loedoruna analis
> finlaysoni
2 plumosus
Lophospizias trivirgatus
Lophura. rufa
Loriculus exilis

sf floseulus
y pusillus
“ vernalis

Lotongus calathus
Loxia atricapilla
Loxura atymnus
Lusciniola aédon
Lutra, sp.

» barang

» cinerea

» sumatrana
Lycenesthes emolus
Lyncornis cerviniceps

5 * bourdilloni

. 3 cerviniceps

Xvil

ae 388, 389
124, 169, 388, 389, 407

97, 437

XVill INDEX OF

Macaca adusta
andamanensis

, arctoides 50,121

a a harmandi 131

o 4 rufescens 131

a assamensis 50, 51

a aureus 347

» capitalis 131

x fascicularis 347

» irus 49, 121, 131, 346, 347

a - atriceps subsp.n. 333, 347, 348, 349

» leonina 344

» leoninus 51

S nemestrina “121, 344, 345

- » adusta 130, 343, 344, 345, 346

* , andamensis : 345

3 , indochinensis, subsp. n. 333, 3438, 245, 346

Mw , hemestrina 345

, Yrufescens 50, 121, 351

» slamica 51, 121,131

= validus 348
Macacus harmandi 131
= irus 131, 346

a rufescens 131
Machlolophus spilonotus 15
Macroglossus minimus sobrinus 133
” speleus 133
Macrogomphbus annulatus 457
Macromia gerstakeri 457
Macronus ptilosus iy 2
Macropygia ruficeps ; 31
Malacocincla abbotti “109, 186, 187
e abbotti 109

olivaceum 187
Malacopteron macrodactylus IS7
o rufifrons 186
Malacopterum magnum if
Manis aurita iP 175
» javanica 65, 126, 175, 396
Martes flavigula flavigula 145
indochinensis 145

. peninsularis ., 145

Me wade rma spasma 136
minus 136

Me galaima incognita 429
Megalestes major 461

SPECIES,

PAGE.

130, 344, 345
51, 130, 343, 344, 345

INDEX OF SPECIES. 1x

PAGE,

Megalcema mystacophanes 100
Megalophrys carinense 45
Megalurus palustris 19, 202
Melanitis phedima ganypati 466
a zitenius, subsp. / 466
Melanochlora sultanea ca 182
: if sultanea 182

fe flavocristata 114, 182

Mclittophagus erythrocephalus erythrocephalus 432
a leschenaulti swinhoel 96
Melogale personata 145
Melursus ursinus she 144
Menetes berdmorei Ty Ola, Blas aio
es x berdmorei ... Pepe as. 2, of 3 402

a 5 consularis ... 152, Me ie 374 402

- < koratensis ... 2, 373, 402

“ PS mouhotii . Lon one

3 % peninsularis, subsp. n. 383, 375, 403

B a rufescens 153

. x umbrosus 153
Merops amictus 433
» erythrocephalus 432

» philippinus 432

» quinticolor 96

» superciliosus philippinus 432
Merula obscura Me 111
Mesobucco duy anceli cyanotis 100
a 3 orientalis 100, 430

4 stuarti, subsp. n. 87, 100

Microhyla berdmorii on 230
Micropternus brachyurus 102
. e brachyurus 425

5 williamsoni 424

Micropus melanocephalus cinereiventris ... 197
melanocephalus ... 197

Microsarcops cinereus at 33
Microtarsus melanocephalus 107
Miglyptes grammithorax 25
‘ jugularis 423

fe tristis grammithorax 422
Millardia meltada, 167
Miniopterus blepotis 362
- medius 139, 362
Mirafra assamica 413
. a marion 413

u cantillans iy 413

Xx INDEX OF SPECIES

Mirafra cantillans williamsoni
Mixornis gularis

i. minor

- rubricapilla

i. connectens
» fs rubricapilla
» e sulphurea

ys sumatrana connectens

iy f minor

x < rubricapilla
* fs rubricapillus
= sumatranus

Mnais earnshawi
Monticola gularis

solitaria fp

e » philippensis

_ solitarius

- . pandoo

a X philippensis
Motacilla boarula melanope

2 cyanea

3 flava simillima

$ indica

i melanope

” singalensis

ze superciliosa

tiphia

Muleripicus pulverulentulus harterti
Mungos exilis peninsula

ss incertus

,» siamensis

» urva
Munia acuticauda
, atricapilla
” ” atricapilla

» rubronigra i:
Muntaicus muntjac curv ostiylis

99 A grandicornis
» 99 peninsula
= muntjak, subsp.

Muntiacus few
muntjak curvostylis
’ vaginalis .

»

Mus asper
berdmorei
bukit

”

PAGE.

189,
110,

189,

88,

122,

394, ¢
394, :

413
110
451
451
451
110
451
189
451
451
189
189
460
112
411

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Mus casensis
5, concolor
» cremoriventer
» ferreocanus ...
, gliroides
» . griseiventer ...
» jalorensis ... oes
musculus... Ears
, neglectus
» pannosus
» pellax
» rattus
, rufescens
» sumatrensis ...
» surifer :
. » butangensis
» validus
, vociferans
fr tersus
Muscicapa aedon
- albicilla
. javanica
eo latirostris
a melanops
ae picata
5 pyrrhoptera
xanthopygia
Muscitrea grisola grisola
Mustela flavigula ae
cs peninsularis ...
Mycalesis gotama charaka

3 mineus mineus
a perseoides persevoides
Myiophoneus eugenei xs
» erassirostris

Myiothera cerulea
Myotis emarginatus
» muricola

Naia bungarus
, tripudians
Napodes erythroptera
Nectarinia flammaxillaris
Nemorhedus, sp.
2 swettenhamei

62) 166, 380

XxXl

PAGE.
164

166
166
167
162

139
138, 362

47

47
110
414
125
Tis

Xxii INDEX OF SPECIES.

PAGE,

Neofelis nebulosa ae bad 150
Neopithecops zalmora Fe ‘e 469
Neptis columella martabana ... se 468
» hylas acerides 6a ae 467, 468

i » sangaica — . 468

» magadha annamitica ... a, 468

» miah nolana ete ae 468

» soma pseudadipala ate a 468

‘ , tushita oe re 468
Neurobasis sinensis “a san 459
Neurothemis fluctuans det os 458
a fulvia ier ae 458

He intermedia intermedia ane 458

se tullia feralis me eis 458

p » tullia ee bas 458
Ninox scutulata malaccensis ... ai 94
Notocrypta feisthamelii an sae 470
Nycticebus cinereus aye 3) BL eles
i, coucang ae ‘onern 131

. » cinereus ... ca 51

a: malaianus ae a 132

- tardigradus var, malaianus_... 132
Nycticejus castaneus ste me 138
Nyctiornis amicta de ee 97
€ amictus ies ini 433
Nyctocleptes badius kee ade 124
cinereus a ... 64,124, 168

: sumatrensis eee ep 168

= 3 cinereus se 64

A as sumatrensis ie 64
Odontoptilum angulata ti Lie 470
Oedicnemus scolopax va ‘a 33
Opisthotropis atra <i ae 13
mt maxwelli ane! nat 13

Pa spenceri, sp. nov. os 13
Orcaella brevirostris is RA 174
Orescius gouldi bis i. 97
Oriolus indicus oF vee 116
re » indicus a, Va 208

, tenuirostris ... me 208, 209

, luteolus thaiacous ae Hr 117, 209

» melanocephalus ra ace 116, 209
sinensis ne hy 210

tenuirostris va ‘ad 21, 208

INDEX OF SPECIES. Xxill

PAGE.

Orsotriena medus 466
Orthetrum pruinosum 457
Orthetrum sabina 457
Orthotomus atrigularis 113
“6 maculicollis 199, 200

- ruficeps 200

* sutorius eecklieothts 199
Osmotreron bicincta domvillii 89
fe vernans 89

x viridis 89
Otocompsa emeria 109
:; » emeria 194

a flaviventris <i 195

Fe f _ flaviventris 195, 449

BS _ johnsoni 194, 195, 449, 450

ie st minor 109, 194, 195, 447, 44.9, 450

< pyrrhotis 109
Otus scops malayana 98
Ovis, sp. 125
Pachysoma brachyotis 133
Pachyura, sp. age 123
pe malayana 143

me murina 143
Paguma larvata intrudens 73
S s robusta 73

= 2 vagrans, subsp. n. 74

S. leucomystax robustus 148
Palzornis alexandri fasciata 44,2
i. eyanocephalus cyanocephalus 442
Panolia platyceros — See 172
Panthera pardus variegata 149
2 tigris 149
Pantoporia perius perius 468
Papilio agetes agetes Fee 464
, antiphates pompilius ... 463

» aristolochiz goniopeltis 463

» castor mahadeva 463

me » phanrangensis ... 463

, ¢lytia papone “fe 463

, demoleus malayanus ... : 4.64

. ‘ 3 ab, annamitcus 464

, doson axion 463

» nomius swinhoei 464

» polytes polytes 464

XXiv INDEX OF SPECIES.

Paradisea tristis
Paradoxurus birmanicus
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canus

“ "1 laotum
\ a ravus
a leucotis
* minor an
= ,. kutensis
i x minor
a robustus
Parascaptor, sp.
leucura

”»

Pardalotus maculatus
Pareronia valeria hippia
Parnara austeni
» Mathias ...
Parthenos sylvia apicalis
Parus perigrinus ...
, Sultaneus
Passer flaveolus
» montana saturata
Pavo cristatus
Pelargopsis burmanica
Pellorneum minor nae
“ ruficeps subochraceum
‘a subochraceum
Penthema darlisa annamitica ...
Penthoceryx sonnerati _
ps ‘ pravata
nt senustus
% mi sonnerati
Pericrocotus brevirostris
cantonensis
a cinereus
= fraterculus
S perigrinus
‘ roseus
speciosus isv
» ftraterculus
Petalia tragata ove
Petaurista, sp. -
annamensis barroni
. lylei
nitida cicur
ul petaurista cicur
lylei

” ”

74,

109,

55, 68, |

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Petaurista petaurista melanotus

ws - terutaus

" terutaus
Petinomys phipsoni
Phaiopicus grammithorax
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis

javanicus

Phasianus humize burmanicus
Philentoma pyrrhopterum

" velatum
Phocaena brevirostris ;
Pheenicophaés er ythrognathus _
Phcenicophzeus longicaudatus ...
Phoenicura Pabeciloides
Phoniscus atrox
Phragmaticola aédon
Phyllopneuste borealis
Phyllornis chlorocephalus

ta icterocephala
Phylloscopus borealis borealis
F: ms scanthodryas
a xanthodryas
me coronata
io humei praemium
3 occipitalis coronatus
ie superciliosa superciliosa
xanthodryas

Picumnus abnormis
Picus brachyurus
» canus hessei
» Intermedius
» Jugularis
» Mmalaccensis
» pectoralis
» Viridanus
» vittatus
J » viridanus
» vittatus
Pinarocichla euptilosa
Pipistrellus abramus
& coromandra
Piprisoma squalidum modestum
Pithecus capitalis
f dollmanni

» germaini changensis, subsp. n.

113

420,

13k

42

XXV1 INDEX OF SPECIES-
Pack.
Pithecus mandibularis 396
a validus 347, 348
be vitiis 347
Pitta boschi : 418
» crerulea cerulea 417
, oe hosel 417
, cucullata 417
» cyanea 417
» ¢yanoptera ... 417
» gurney 103, 417
, hipalensis oatesi 24
Platyrhynchus ceylonensis 215
laty lophus ardesiacus z 114
Platysmurus leucopterus : 114, 182
Ploceus megarhynchus infortunatus 117
, passerinus infortunatus 411
, philippinus iufortunatus 411

Podicipes albipennis

i philippensis 42
Polioaétus ichthyaétus 94
Pomatorhinus nuchalis klossi .. 184, 185
e Es nuchalis 184, 185
pe ochraceiceps 16
ue olivaceus LS, 184
re 3 fastidiosus 184
e a ripponi 16, 184
= siamensis 184
Porzana pusilla 32
Pratincola maura a 409
a » var, przwalskii 409
- torquata przwalskii | 409
Precis almana almana 467
» atlites atlites 467
» Iphita iphita 467
, Jemonias wnaria 467
, orithya ocyale 468
Presbytis argenteus, sp. nov, 333, 338, 350
B barbei 129
= corvus 129
. crepuscula fae 130
© 3 wronghtoni 130
€ cristata 341, 342
, cristata 342
4 » germaini 3438
. jo koratensis, subsp. n, 333, 340, 342,343,350
mandibularis ‘ 343

INDEX OF SPECIES. XXvVil

PAGE.

Presbytis er istata pullata ae he 342
‘. » ultima a te 343

- germaini a 130, 340, 341

oA ‘3 mandibularis ane 130, 396

3 mandibularis ay $34 342

. margarita sed vd) 340

e neglecta keatii he oe 128

F obscura wl bis 337, 338

J » corvus ae ai 129

‘1 » flavicauda ... er 129,338

% Ny BOTITeP?.. - .<: ry 129, 338

. » _ smithi pt 129, 337, 350

s phayrei is 129, 338, 340

. pullata bis ae 342

. robinsoni ae nae 129

i siamensis ast hes 130
ultima +e ine 342

Panes inornata blanfordi Fo} ee 204, 451
a] : barmanica —... 5 as 204

34 is herberti a 208, 204, 451, 452

# » -. jerdoni as aM 205

» polychroa ay oe 452

, rufescens ak on 201
Prionailurus bengalensis i ayy 150
Prioneris thestylis jugurtha ... Shy 464
Prionochilus ignicapillus see a3 416
£ maculatus as Side 417

Ks modestus Ses ba3 4.16
Prionodon maculosus Bes ais 147
Profelis temminckii i ve 150
Prosecuna melanocephala ons te 107
Pseudibis papiblona ee sa 92
Pseudogyps bengalensis wilh LF |
Pseudophcea masoni ae He 461
variegata xe wed 461
Pseudotantalus leucocephalus .. bs 91
Pseudoxenodon macrops ie rer 45
Psilorhinus magnirostris a a 180
Psittacus cyanocephalus bea “at 442
- fasciatus Per ra 442

% vernalis ii a 442
Pteromys, sp. ae uae 123
melanotus ae 150

= (Petinomys) phipsoni Fe 152
Pteropus, sp. iat sn sia 123

% condorensis Gu xi 132

XXViil INDEX OF SPECIES.

Pteropus edulis

« giganteus

3 h y -pomelanus condor ensis
“a . geminorum
" intermedius

- javanicus

leschenaulti
leucocephalus

s lylei

. medius

- vampyrus ae

s ae intermedius

ie malaccensis
Pteruthius aeralatus aeralatus
Ptilolaemus tickelli
Pycnonotus analis
a blanfordi

bantaidi.

robinsoni

” ”

? ”

brunneus
finlaysoni
+ ”
plumosus
simplex
Pygathri ix flavicauda
Ls margarita
Pyrotrogon diardi neglectus
neglectus
oreskios a
, uniformis

finlaysoni

”
”

”

Rahinda hordonia hordonia
a i plagiosa
= paraka assamica

Rallina fasciata

Ramphaleyon capensis burmanica

Rana humeralis

, Mmiopus sp. n.

Rattus, sp.

asper

berdmorei

iInagnus

mullulus

” ”
” ’

bowersl
bowersi

” ”

PAGE.
359

360

132

359

132, 359
359

132

360

”182, 360, 398

359, 360
360
359, 360

132, 359, 398

18
26

108
197, 449
197, 449
197, 449
109
108, 196
196

108

109

129

340

438

438

97

97

467
467
467
91
435
11
11, 12
124
167, 381
79 |
79, 80, 165
79, 80, 82, 337
80
50

INDEX OF SPECIES, XXix

PAGE,

Rattus bowersi lactiventer, subsp. n. 15 SOpSE 82
» bukit wae 62
, eoncolor ae 62 1, 166, 380, 381
i ” ephippium ... i 381
5 eremoriventer Le Nes 62, 381
q Es cremoriventer au 166
2 » solus a i 166
a , tenaster ae aa 62
» ferreocanus as ... 80, 81, 166
, fulvescens bukit a ae 165
A - MAarinus..- =... a 165
i. = orbus ae ak 165
. pan ne -, 165
4 griseiventer < ae 74
t E. griseiventer oe 74, 75
_ Ee rahengis, subsp. n. i. 74, 75
, kennethi, sp. nov. ook i 81, 82
» lepidus Bae — 60, 61
» mackenzize feze a) a 81
». manipulus ee a a Sok
» marinus iat oH 62
|. orbs ae as 62
» pellax ee sae 166
, pullus seek ote 381
1) Rajah ee aa 376, 377
i 2) 7 tiatia 76, 376, 377, 404
i Koratis, subsp. n n. 333, 376, 404
i , kramis, subsp. n. 333, 377, 405
< » siarma, subsp. n. a 159 &6
bd , surifer ae ... 16,376, 404
, vrattus fortunatus re ay, 163
x » griseiventer es fo 162
2 , Jalorensis as ce 161, 377
e klumensis ; ; 162
i , koratensis, subsp. n. "333, 379, 406
2 , kraensis ‘ 162
: , kramensis, subsp. n. ~ 333, 379, 406
y » lanensis, subsp. n. 337, 378, 379, 406
* » Makensis ; obi 162, 379
; » lmesanis, subsp. 1 n. 333, 379, 406
7 » neglectus Mt 63, 377, 378, 380, 405
i a pannellus ae ; 163
3 » pannosus 203 Sad 163
Pe » poenitentiaril ... S24 161, 378
PE » portus = wi LGly S78, 379

i » rangensis si se 162

XXX

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Rattus rattus remotus
» Yrufescens

?

”

»”

a) thas
robustulus
rubricosa

sabanus herberti

sakeratensis
sladeni
surifer

butangensis

» easensis

» Changensis
» connectens
» eclipsis

» tins

» kutensis
» Manicalis
» pelagius

» slarma
spurcus oe
» surifer

, tenebrosus

validus

vociferans herberti

”

”

whiteheadi

Ratufa, sp. -
aflfinis aureiventer

bicolor
gigantea
”
leucogenys
melanopepla

pheeopepla
”

”

pyrsonota

tersus
vociferans

lutrina

decolorata
fretensis
leucogenys
peninsulze
sinus

marana
phwopepla

Rham pococey x erythrognathus
Rhinoceros sondaicus
sumatrensis

PAGE.
162

ae 161
63, 69, 161, 378, 380
378

75

375, 404
166, 381
378

75

164

164

163

164

164

1638

1638

164

164

376

164

163

164

166

165

165

164

381

124

154

58

58, 68, 153
58

58

58

154

154

58, 154
154

154
58,1538
153

153

154

99

125, 169
125, 170

INDEX OF SPECIES.

IWhinocypha fulgidipennis

_ perforata perforata
Rhinolophus acuminatus

.: affinis superans

3 armiger

3 borneensis

* coelophyllus

< larvatus

kg luctus nae

4 macrotis slamensis

“ malayanus

BY minor

e pusillus

i robinsoni
trifoliatus

Rhinomyias pectoralis

Rhinortha chlorophea chlorophea
Rhinosciurus tupaioides
Rhipidura javanica

Rhizomys cinereus

. minor

.. pannosus
Rhopodytes diardi

x; sumatranus ;

* tristis borneensis ...

3 » hainanus

: » longicaudatus

Pt » Mmontanus ...

tristis

Rhyathenis phyllis phyllis

i plutonia.

Rhytidoceros undulatus
Rousettus leschenaulti
Rubigula johnsoni

¥ webberi
Rucervus duvauceli

33 eldi platyceros

_ platyceros

Py schomburgki

Salicaria turdina orientalis
Sarcidiornis melanonotus es
Sarcogrammus indica atrinuchalis
Sasia abnormis

i ‘5 abnormis

136, 362

105, 216

168, 383

439, 440

194, 450

XXXll

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Sasia abnormis everetti

ochracea

”

Sauropatis armstrongi

”
»? ‘
”
Sciuropterus, sp.
»
5 be

»

»
Seiurus, sp.
adange1

»
berdmor

bocourti

caniceps

»

>

”)

CaSensis

cinnamo
concolor
%
+9

»

”

”

epomophorus

chloris

chloris

humei

alboniger

lone

phayrei

laotum

»
wee

isis

albivexilli
atrodorsalis

pranis
shanicus
tachin

thai
zimmeensis

aureiventer

el

bilimitatus

bocourti
dextralis
gruti

lylei
sinistralis

caniceps

davisoni

fluminalis
inexpectatus ..
milleri

chrysonotus

mcus

fallax
samuiensis
terutavensis

davisoni ...
fluminalis
inex pectatus

PAGE.

102

427

435

96

435

435

123

151

a 151
... 56, 151, 340
56, 151

124

157

158, 367

364, 366, 367
338, 364, 399

a 367
155, 383, 366, 400
59, 68, 155

367

154

153, 372

159

158

59, 68

159
159
159
158
362
399
363
362
399
363
157
362
158
157
157
157
157
156
3638
156, 362
156, 363

58, 68, 157,
58, 362,

"333, 363,

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Sciurus epomophorus milleri
* erythreeus
pranis

3) ”

a ferrugineus cinnamomeus

*. finlaysoni

%9 $s finlaysoni

» ” folletti

» 9 frandseni

» FP tachardi

» 5 trotter1

3 giganteus

i) (gordont

55 harmandi

e helgei

# hippur us i
* macclellandi kongensis

. mouhotii

= notatus miniatus

ie novemlineatus

v4 Ox

- prevostil

af robinsoni

- rodolphi

» rubeculus

4 rufigenis

,» tenuis gunong

» . surdus

Scotophilus belangeri

ee castenus

- coromandra

y fulvidus

‘ gairdneri

kuhlii
Semnopithecus g germaini

- balouiten
" phayrei
bs silamensis

Serilophus lunatus
er » lunatus
, Yubropygius

Setaria lepidocephala :

» Magna magna

4 punened

,» rufifrons
Shorea, sp.
Simotis, sp.

XXXlll

PAGE.
157

364
155, 364

"155, 156, 368
60, 156, 369, 370
368, 401

156, 333, 369, 401
58, 153

152, 372

59, 158, 367, 368, 400

155, 364

XXXIV INDEX OF SPECIES.

PAGE.

Simotis cyclurus ... he a 46
Siphia parva albicilla sve ae 212
Sitta frontalis Ne eh is’ 197, 198
ei , frontalis iui Weer 197

4 , saburatior a i 197

, Saturatior ... diy nt 198
Sorex fuliginosus he: “t! 143, 355
, murinus.) is: “ue = 143
Soriculus nigrescens nee wee 143
Sotalia sinensis... an oe 174
Spizaétus limnaétus By outs 93
Squatarola helvetica ae vey 34
‘ squatarola — we 34
Stachyris davisoni aN aot 188
4 nigriceps davisoni ... vas 185

f nigricollis ei na 17

3 poliocephalus ie i 188
Stachyridopsis rufifrons obscura ngs 188
ns _ poliogaster ig 188

at sulphurea ae ‘ot 189, 451

Sterna anzestheta t's ...08, 83, 84, 85
,» bergil sak vO 38, 83, 84-

, melanauchen eis ait 38, 83, 84

, sinensis ae ats 37
Stoparola melanops rs ie 214
Streptopelia suratensis tigrina we 90
Sturnia nemoricola ‘ss a 211
SS sinensis oa bei 210
Sturnus luteolus af ia 209
Sturnopastor floweri aK oa 212
= contra (/) floweri oi 212

Sula sula ve Sits St 38
Surniculus lugubris <a> vay 439
E , dicruroides om 97

Sus cristatus aie ae Pe 126
3 » Jubatus : te 170
, » Jubatulus n, we 170
jubatus i ry 170
jubatulus aa as 170
Sylvia cisticola dg _ 200
schwaneri we are 202
Symbrenthina hippoclus daruca ode 468
Syrpium seloputo “ie a 26, 94

Tachornis battasiensis infumatus a 437

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Tagiades atticus ens
Talpa leucura

Tamiops, sp. <4
barbei kongensis ...
mace'ellandi kongensis

)

+B)

” » liantis, subsp. n.
f _ novemlineatus

99 33 rodolphi

. rodolphi pe?

‘aphozus leucopieurus albipinnis
longimanus albipinnis
melanopogon

%9
”
‘- se frantic:
Tapirus indicus
Tardigradus coucang
Tautalus thai
Taxila thuisto ephorus
Tchitrea affinis
Tentheca pelvica

. pelvicus pelvicus
Tephrodornis gularis dat

- pelvicus

annectens
pelvicus

” ”
- a
Terekia cinerea
Terias blanda davidsoni
, Jacteola lacteola
. ,, leeta pseudolzeta
Terpsiphone affinis
eF paradisi affinis
Thaumatibis gigantea
Thereiceryx faiostricta fabamicts
flavostrictus praetermissus
lineatus hodgsoni

@ - intermedius
: fs lineatus
saigonensis

33

Tholymis tillarga
Thos aureus cruesemanni
Thringorhina guttata

zs oglii
Tiga javanensis
$ P intermedia
- javanensis

Timelia pileata bengalensis
3 53 jerdoni 3

XXXV

PAGE.

470

144

} 124
60, 160, 161

, 60, 68
333, 370, 371
161, 371

370, 371

161, 371

140

140

140

140

125,170

131

63, 64, 71, 167

4.69
215
206
2006

114

206

114

206

355

465

464

465

105
105, 215
239
428, 429
4.28

428
427, 428
4,28

429

459
146, 354
187

187

4.22
425, 426
4.26

18

17

XXXVl INDEX

Timelia pileata pileata

» pohiocephala
Tomeutes robinsoni uF
Tomeutes tenuis gunong “i
a , surdus
Totanus fuscus om
Trachycomus ochrocephalus
'Tragulus, sp.
affinis ...

i canescens —

= 7 canescens ...

J m terutus

s kanchil affinis ve

x » angustiae

o » tulviventer

. >ravus
ravus ae

ravulus we
williamsoni ...

: ravus
Treron curvirostra nipalensis
Tribura squamiceps
Trichecus dugong
Tricholestes criniger
Trichastoma abbotti
Tringa crassirostris
, platyrhyncha
Tringoides hypoleucus
Trithemis festiva
Trogon duvaucelii
bs maculatus ee
Tropidophorus berdmorei
- berdmorii
cochinchinensis
gray)
microlepis
robinsoni, sp. nov.
thai, sp. nov. ...

. yunnanensis

Tupaia, sp. “0s

a belangeri ans

= v3 belangeri

~ e laotum eee

sd chinensis

o concolor

concolor

OF SPECIES

PAGE.
PEAAs
re 188

160

160

a3 160
ims 35
108, 195

126
395
171
171
171
395
396
171
171
ar ¥7i
me 171
71, 396
171

90

2038
174
194
109
35

is 36
ea 9]
459
437
439
223
225
228
9

228
223
, 226
224
“ks 123
53, 54, 356, 357, 358

141

141
142, 356
357, 358

142

E71,

mp ibe &

=

27

142, 356,

: INDEX OF SPECIES.

Tupaia concolor sinus

5 clarissa

7 ferruginea

>» a operosa

99 a ultima

” BS wilkinsoni

a frenata

» elis Sieve siete “
29 ‘5, belangeri soe, DA, Gy,
» 4 tenaster .
» » cambodiana, subsp. n.

9 » Clarissa

” » Olivacea, subsp. n.

3 » wilkinsoni

t javanica

a lacernata

me ed rawiana

a laotum

4 minor malaccana

4 modesta

, peguanus

A raviana

f: siamensis

4 siccata

| tenaster

4 yunalis

wilkinsoni
‘Toedinus guttatus
macrodactylus ay
, is macrodactylus
a magnirostris :
Turdinulus epilepidotus bakeri
y 43 gr anti
a gvanti
Turdus citrinus aurimacula
diardi
macrourus
obscurus
ochrocephalus
philippensis
Turnix plumbipes
» pugnax plumbipes
Turtur tigrinus
Tylonycteris fulvidus
: pachypus
robustula

?

, XXXVI

PAGE,

54, 55,
54,

55,

355, 358,

"333, 357,

142
356
356
142,
142
142
141
356
397

54
358

54, 67

"338, 358,

397
142

XXXvViii INDEX OF SPECIES.

PAGE,

Upupa epops longirostris is a 96, 436
. , Saturata a re. 436

, longirostris oer 96, 436
Urocissa erythorhynchus erythor hynchus ... 180
= f magnirostris kine 180
occipitalis er 180

Urococey x ery thrognathus ae ise 99
Uroloncha neuticauda acuticauda io 411
R. Y squamicollis ee 411
Urosphema squamiceps oe iyi 203
Ursus malayanus ue ioe 123, 144
, thibetanus im Sit 144

, torquatus “a 7 123

, tibetanus mae vhs 123
Vandeleuria sibylla Ses Mad 167
Venilia porphyromelas gh at 422
Vespertilio adversus wi he 138
S belangeri out a 138

» ™ blepotis or Bom 362

: emarginatus a ue: 139

* hardwickii a ae 139

A hasseltii 7A AA 138

fs muricola a or! 138

* pictum a sia 139

as sphinx - sti 133
Vesperugo (Glisehropus) tylopus sat 137
a (Hesperoptenus) blanfordi Ess 137

+ W enesiae paichyotis ie - ane
Vestalis apicalis eS, fa 460
Viverra binturong 4% 5 148
» Mmalaccensis Fy ve 146

» megaspila =e i 146

x zibetha pruinosa A oO, 1223, 786
Viverricula malaccensis ha as 146, 353
. Ps malaccensis ret 352, 353

” - rasse i. 352

a thai, subsp. n. 333, 352, 353
Volvocivora intermedia aA 207, 447, 448
‘ koratensis +r 207, 447, 448

- neglecta i 207, 447, 448 449

> polioptera “ee 447, 448, 449

Xanthixus flavescens vivida ..,. 1 19

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Xantholeema duvauceli

hemacephala

Ne * indica
Xanthopygia xanthopygia xanthopygia
narcissina

”

» PP)

Ypthima asterope annamitica ...

. baldus baldus
; huebneri huebneri ...
- marshalli

Zemeros flegyas

Sy : i :
Zibethailurus viverrina
Zizera gaika

Zosterops aureiventer

bs palpebrosa ee:

r ms aureiventer

ns R simplex

» “3 williamsoni, subsp. n.

Zygonyx iris

XXX1X

PAGE.
~ 100
101
431
215
ZL

466
466
4.66
466

468
“150
469

24, 190
4.4.5

190, 445
190, 445
445

459

TIPE IVA RY
hy VAtl
AMERLE AMA MUSEUM

WAT PAE ter

THE

JOURNAL

OF THE
Natural History Society of Siam.
Vol. LET... No. 1.

Date of issue, November 20th, 1918.

EDITED, BY

Malcolm Smith and W. J. F: Williamson.

Ege neil Sant OW PPO Pert, MAREN Tes. 1,50-

Price to Members,
wae Pap 9.00

Price to Non-Members, 0.0.0)...

AGENTS :—WITHERBY & Co., LONDON,

ar
at
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IMAM
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