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JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Beboteti to ©ntomoloflp in igenetaL

Edited by Wm. Beutenmuller.

VOLUME X, 1902.

NEW YORK:

Published by the Society.
1902.

PRESS OF

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY

-vArnCASTER. PA.

iv Contents.

Herrick, Glenn W.,

Notes on the Life-History and Habits of Oncideres

Texana, . . . . . . . .15

Kearfott, William D.,

A Revision of the North American Species of the Genus

Choreutes, . . . . . . . .106

Kellogg, V. L., and Chapman, B. L.,

Mallophaga from Birds of the Pacific Coast of North

America, ........ 20-

Mallophaga from Birds of the Hawaiian Islands, . . 155

KUWANA, S. I.,

Coccidse from the Galapagos Islands, . . . .28-

Leng, Charles W.,

Notes on the Cicindelidce of Louisiana, . . .131

Notes on the Cicindelidse of the Pine Barrens of New

Jersey, . . . . . . . . .236

Ludlow, C. S.,

Two Philippine Mosquitoes, . . . . .127

Note on Culex Annulatus, . . . . . .131

Ottolengui, Rodrigues,

Plusia and Allied Genera with Descriptions of New
Species, . . . . . . . -57

Notes on Calocampa with Description of a New Species, 77

Packard, A. S,,

Two New Genera of Bunjeinine African Moths, . . loa

ScHAus, William,

A New Species of Dirphia, ...... 54

Seifert, Otto,

Contributions to the Knowledge of North American

Arctiidae, I-III i, 82

Smith, John B.,

Life-History of Aedes Smithii, . . . . .10

New Species of Noctuidse for 1902, .... 33
Note on Mamestra Vau-orbicularis, . . . .14c

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society, 55, 170, 248.

JOURX.^L

J}t\a ]8opk 6lntoraoIogirfll HoriFtg*

V^ol. X. MARCH, 1902. No. 1.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF
NORTH AMERICAN ARCTUD^, I-II.

(Plates I and II.)

By Otto Seifert.

Arctia arge Dntry.

In the neighborhood of New York city, on dry, sunny hillsides
and scanty pastures under loose stones and rubbish, two kinds of
Arctia caterpillars may be found in numbers late in fall and again
early in spring before the new vegetation has made much progress.

One of these, hibernating most frequently nearly full grown, is
the grayish-brown, long-haired larva oi Arctia arge ; its flesh colored
dorsal, subdorsal and infrastigmatal angular band, as well as the
pale, long rather soft vestiture distinguishes the larva easily from all
others which may be found under the same circumstances. All the
arge \a.xvx have the stripes distinct and plain, mostly flesh-colored,
less frequently cream-colored or variegated with reddish spots ; the
ground color of body varies from dark gray to brown, always with
darker patch- like shades.

The moth appears during the latter part of April and is common
in the beginning of May ; contrary to most of its relations the female
of arge deposits her eggs in regularly arranged masses from 25 to
more than 200 securely fastened to the underside of a leaf of one of
the numerous food plants or in a rather uniform broad ring around
the withered branchlet of an aster or a decayed flower-stem. The
white color of the eggs, when exposed in this way, correspond with the
objects they are attached to. The shape of the eggs as well as the

2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

reticulations are nearly the same as of most of the Arcfia but are
decidedly more rounded at the apex. Newly deposited they are
maize-colored, turn quickly opaque white and by degrees change
from ])ale pink to lilac and at last to dull slate. The micropyle as a
dark spot is plainly indicated very soon after the egg is laid. The
larva and its early stages are well known ; the egg-state lasts 9 to lo
days, the larval period at least 38 days and the imago will appear after
not less than 12 days of pupal rest. A large number of the individ-
uals of a brood follow this rule, but as with most of their related
species the irregularity in the develoj^ment of the same progeny is ob-
vious. Larva; of the same brood may yet be feeding, while imagines are
already at large ; hence a continuous propagation takes place and the
moths as well as the larv?e are present from early spring to rather late
in fall, so that exposed females readily find mates at any time provided
the species occurs in the vicinity.

Arcfia ar!^e exposed and found mated near New York city, 2,
V. II, V. 29, V. 4, vii. 16, vii. 17, viii. 23, viii. 30, ix.

Arcfia /lais, exposed and found mated near New York city, 14,
v. 17, V. 19, V. 31, V. 8, vi. 6, vii. 26, vii. 10, viii, 4, ix. 22, ix.

I, X.

The pupa, compared with those of the group Apanfesis Wlk.
(Dyar, Revis. N. A. Bombyces) is more raised on first abdominal
segments ; the cremaster terminating in a blunt, furrowed, jointed
spine with short, knobbed hooks around the end, to which the empty
larval skin tenaciously adheres. The varial)ility of the imagines is
limited to a more or less extension of the pinkish cream-colored bands
on primaries and the number, size and intensity of the black spots on
secondaries and more restricted to the females, the variegated at-
tempts of the pink and salmon-red shades to extend and intensify.
The black abdominal spots are also liable to change in size, but are very
rarely confluent to bands (female) ventrally. This is the case, though
with a melanotic form (male), where the black of primaries is very in-
tense and prevailing, the cream color limited to the veins only ; the
secondaries are smoky black, deepest and almost forming a broad band
on outer margin diminishing towards the base of wing, the triangular
discal spot well defined but narrow. The under side uniformly dusky,
blackish with fine pale veins, costal margin deep red.

Freshly formed pupje exposed to a temperature of about -f 38° C.
(100° F. ) for 100 hours gave after six days, male imagines with the

Manh, 1902.] SeIFERT : NORTH AMERICAN ArcTIID/E. 3

black color on primaries much reduced, the pale bands aiming to
unite, bands 2 and 3 often confluent forming with the broad longitu-
dinal bands a large median jiatch ; the black maculation on hind
wings mostly reduced to mere dots. The black dorsal spots on abdo-
men greatly obliterated often only the two faint last ones present;
ventrally and laterally the spots diminished likewise. Apparently
nothing was gained by the experiment but an extreme southern form
of argi'. The females thus obtained deviate from the males in the
same manner as if normally developed. The males striving to sim-
plify their coloration, while the females, though widening the pale
bands also but more reluctantly, at the same time intensify their
colors ; the black on fore and hind wings turning deeper and brighter
and the salmon red of secondaries spreading and deepening.

Freshly formed pupte exposed to -+- 4° C. (38° F. ) for thirty days
or more, and at once or gradually transferred to normal temperature
gave imagines according to the retarding process in about ten days.

All the moths thus obtained have the black on primaries intensified
but rarely more extended than with many of the normal forms, but
the secondaries are changed in a remarkable degree. The black macu-
lation is enlarged but paler and a dusky or blackish hue cast over
the whitish ( <? ) or reddish ( 9 ) color. Contrary to the melanotic
form (Standfuss, Handbook), where the darkening process commences
from outer margin, the black in the forms by cold is spreading radiate
from the base of the wing towards outer margin. Below, basal and
median part of wings much obscured by blackish shade.

The black abdominal spots are confluent to bands ventrally and
with some individuals even laterally and dorsally. Even by exposing
the pupas to a temperature far below the freezing point for about 24
hours the results were practically the same.

Among the number of specimens thus obtained many attain super-
ficially a resemblance to Arctia qucnselii Payk.

The rearing of progenies of thus changed parents to confirm the
transmission of acquired characters (Standfuss, Iris, xii, 1899), have
on account of the difficulty in raising the offspring of thus manipu-
lated parents been unsuccessful ; the larvae could not be carried beyond
4th moult.

A female changed in the above manner by cold, was exposed
August loth (Long Island) and found with atypical male next morn-
ing. The brood obtained was a very sensitive one. Part of the

4 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

pupae were again transferred to ice, the remaining ones left to normal
development ; these latter rendered only two perfect imagines, male
and female. The primaries of the male have the black color above
not more produced than some of the darker varieties of the regular
forms; the hind wings are more pinkish than white, somewhat dia-
phanous with numerous maculations. Below the resemblance to the
aberrative female parent is plain, not only have the primaries a dusky
shade spreading from the root of the wing towards median space, ob-
scuring the pale color, but the two rows of ventral spots are also con-
fluent into broad bands. The female has the dusky shade below also,
but in a less degree and with large normal broods females are always
found with a similar dusky shade ; the lateral and ventral abdominal
spots unite to broad bands leaving only a narrow median line con-
nected with the limited transverse lines between the black bands.
Those pupae retarded by cold rendered imagines behind the normal
size, the abdomen with all of them banded ventrally, primaries not
materially changed but the black color more prevailing than in nor-
mal forms, hind wings even with males pale pinkish, subdiaphan-
ous with profuse maculations. Below, the black of primaries mostly
dominant, the pale bands greatly reduced.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L

Normal male.

Normal female.

Male ; pupa exposed to -\- 35 to 42° C. from July 4-10; imago, July 13.

" " " " " " 100 hours ; imago, July 15.

Female; " " " " " " " July 16.

" " " " " " " June 20-27 ; imago June 30.

Male; pupa on ice, July 30- August I ; imago, August 13.

Female; "' " " " " August II.

Male; " " " '■ " " August 13.

Female; " June 23-July 21. -f- 14" C July 21-August 10.

-f- 22° C. until imago, August 18.

Fig. II. Female, pupa on ice for 7 weeks.

Fig. 12. ^ Melanotic form. Larva collected. Nov.; reared on Cichormm
endivia. Imago January 13.

Arctia nais Drurv.

The species of the group Apantesis W'lk. (Dyar, Revision of Bom -
byces), besides many other congenial qualities, show a most indiffer-
ent, careless way in distributing their eggs. They may be deposited

Fig.

I.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3-

Fig.

4-

Fig.

5-

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7-

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9-

Fig.

10.

March, 1902,] SeIFERT : NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIID^E. 5

in irregular patches on the undersides of leaves which the larvae never
will touch (eggs oi A. vittata on underside of \^z.i o{ Ailanthus glan-
diilosa shoot), on pieces of wood, paper and other objects or are scat-
tered or in clusters on the bare ground. The eggs are not fastened
tightly, but are easily removed.

Though all Arctiidfe are more or less polyphagous, the forms be-
longing to this group are inclined to prefer Tanixac-iim and Plantago
major to any other herb. The color of the eggs of all the species is
yellowish-white or pale straw color, rather bright with fine reticulations,
with naked eye they appear smooth ; they have the shape of blunt
cones with shallow bases. The width of the eggs of nais at base is
about 0.7 mm. and from vertex to base 0.6 mm. A sound, normal
female deposits at least 500 eggs. Of the three species occurring in
the vicinity of New York City, A. nais prefers the dry, scanty hill-
sides and pastures ; A. phalerata meadows, even damp ones, where
on sunny fall days the larvae may be found basking in the morning sun
on the branchlets of asters, etc.; A. vittata seems to be more in-
clined to frequent the grassy borders of woods, or rich forest lawns and
meadows.

Arctla nais, on account of its habits, is the most common species
near New York. The larva in all its stages has been described by G.
H. French (Papilio, II, p. 179), but when reared in large numbers
and of different broods the variability of the larvae is striking, and in
some individuals where the typical pale dorsal band is obscured or
entirely obliterated, they can not be distinguished with certainty from
some of the varieties of the other species.

To obtain some information about the variations of^. //«/> and
its larva, numerous broods were reared from May to September and
even during winter. (Eggs obtained December 3d and 4th, imagines
from March 17th; larvse fed with cultivated Ciilioriiim endivia.')

The larvae after fourth moult attain in general their specific brown to
blackish color, the dorsal stripe often obscured but traceable. Achiev-
ing after sixth moult their maturity, they vary from yellowish-brown
to dull walnut, and from rich seal-brown to velvety black. The dorsal
stripe changes with individuals of the same brood from dusky white to
nankeen and flesh-color to reddish. T\\t stripe is often obscured on
the thoracic and the terminal segments, sometimes only observable on
the anterior of segments or not traceable at all. The color of the
bristles varies according to the ground color, but those directed from

6 Journal New York Entomological Society [Voi x.

anterior warts of first segment partly over the head of the larva, and
all the bristles directed downward from stigmatal warts and below are
much paler and vary from brownish-gray to rust-red. In general the
deeper and more intense the color of the larva, the more obsolete the
dorsal stripe and the brighter the reddish bristles.

The shortest duration from depositing of the eggs to the imago state
under the same thermal conditions and maintenance varies from 48 to
58 days.

499 exposed May 15. 9 exposed May 17. 9 exposed May 29.

Eggsdepos. May 16, 17, 18, Eggsdepos. May I9 to 27. Eggs depos. May 30.

" commence to hatch May " hatch May 29 to June 7. " hatch June 5, 6, 7.

23. First pupa3 July 7. First pupK July 4.
LarvK commence to pupate " imagines July 17. " imagines July 17.

June 24. Majority until July 22. 9 exposed June 7.

Imagines appear July 4. some larva; still feeding. Eggs depos. June 8.

The majority July 10-12. l)uration 58 days. Imagines appear July 2.

Many larvre still feeding, Duration 48 resp. 54 days.

July 30.
Duration 49 days.

In forming their cocoons the larvse show a similar indifference as
the females do in depositing their eggs. As a rule the larva spins an
ample loose cocoon and sometimes more than one caterpillar try to
find shelter within a forming one ; often the pupa is simply hidden
in the fold of a large leaf or directly exposed on the ground. Gener-
ally the pupge have a bluish bloom cast over them but often this
bloom is entirely lacking; with many the reddish-brown incisions on
movable segments do not darken but remain reddish-brown. Mostly
the empty larval skin will adhere to the minute discs or buttons with
which the diverging bristles on cremaster are crowned.

The remarkable variability of the imagines in both sexes of this
flexible and pliant species, is nevertheless bound to certain limits. The
characters inclined to variation are with all the species of the Apantesis
group the same, only does every species aim at another ideal and con-
sequently the majority of its individuals develop in a direction different
from those of the other species. The females of all the forms of this
group seem to be far more conservative than the males. The anima-
tion or stimulus to variation and its direction seems solely to rest
with the parents. Notwithstanding the comprehensive and convinc-
ing experiments of Standfuss (Handbook) and others to the contrary
many entomologists still maintain that the food-plant might be cause

March, 1902.] SeIFERT : NORTH AMERICAN ArCTIIO^E. 7

of variability of a species. A trial in this respect was made with one
generation of nais, though evidently the food-plant could be of no
concern to such a polyphagous species.

Four females, all with red hind wings, were exposed May 17th and
]8th in Long Island and Westchester Co. One part of the newly-
hatched larvae were reared solely on Taraxacum and Plantago ; an-
other part was fed on Rumex acetosella and the remaining third on
Artemisia ahsynthium. I'he result was that those larvae reared on
Taraxacum and Plantago developed in the most satisfactory manner,
the imagines including all varieties in perfect examples ; while the
part raised on Rumex. acetosella gave also the varieties in the same
proportion as the first part, but every one of the number behind the
regular size and of sickly appearance ; tho.se fed on Artemisia absyn-
t Ilium all died before pupating.

In ^. nais male and female the costal margin is always black and
even with the varieties which have the ^ mark most complete, this
latter never impairs the black costal margin. The subcostal and sub-
median longitudinal stripes are in both sexes often much reduced, the
former sometimes not reaching transverse posterior band, the latter
forming a fork with the median longitudinal band, which always reaches
to transverse posterior stripe.

The males of nais have pale ochre yellow secondaries, often more or
less tinged with reddish, the red color always originating from root
of wing, streak-like, most profuse generally near abdominal margin.
Originally perhaps the hind wings of the male had a black marginal
band, as many of the females have now, but with the many hundreds
reared under normal conditions and seen elsewhere in collections, this
band is always dissolved into spots, often reduced to dots and some-
times obliterated altogether exce|)t one large, black apical spot at-
tached to the costal black shade. Comparing a large series of both
males and females, the breaking of the marginal band seems to origi-
nate right below apex by the fork-like inroad of the ground color, sep-
arating at first the band in three unecjual parts ; the thus acquired
character may be aggravated by transmission.

The females either have deep ochre -yellow or red hind wings, some-
times, but not frecjuently suffused ; they are either bordered by a
black marginal band or this is broken into three or more prominent
spots of unequal sizes. The band is nearly always, though often very
slightly, inverted below apex, the ochre or red color forming a tooth-

8 Journal New York Entomological Society. rvoi. x.

like indention, which traced through a series of specimens gets forked
and finally separates the band into three parts. This reduction of the
marginal band into spots is always accompanied by the development
of the > mark on primaries, so that not an intimation of tlie > mark
exists where the black marginal band is most complete and it irgener
ally most developed when the band is broken into nearly two rows of
spots. Ihe band or its fragments rarely interfere with the discal spot
and the color of the hind wings is altogether independent from the
markings.

How important a factor the transmis.sion of parental characters is in
respect with the variability the trials will show; unfortunately not always
the male could be secured with the exposed female, but as copulation
within the same progeny was undesirable this could not be overcome

9 exposed May 28th.
^ mark narrow but distinct.
Secondaries reddisli ; black marginal

l«nd partly broken up into spots.
S not obtained.
105 perfect specimens examined.

S S AT- 9 9 58.

S $ witb > mark or indication of it :

39-
$ $ entirely without > mark : S.
9 9 with > mark or indications :

J*-*
9 9 entirely without > mark 26.
9 9 with yellow liind wings, none.

9 exposed June Sth.
9 with yellow hind wings and without

■J mark on primaries.
$ with broad > mark and faint reddish

tmt on secondaries near root of wing.
Marginal spots of secondaries mucli re-
duced.
113 perfect specimens examined.
<? ^ 63. 99 50.
The whole offspring with yellow hind

wings.

S $ with > mark 47.

S $ without > mark 16.

9 9 with js mark 11.

9 9 without > mark 39.

9 exposed May 14th.
9 without Jg mark on primaries.
Secondaries red with black marginal

ban'd.
c? with very plain S; mark, hind wings
without reddish tint.
200 specimens examined.

S S 7^- 9 9 122.

S $ with > mark 23.
$ $ without >: mark 55.
9 9 with > mark 4.
I'wo of these with red and two with

yellow hind wings.
9 9 without > mark and red hind

wings iiS.
9 9 "-ithont > mark and yellow

secondaries 20.

All the 9 9 of this brood with black
marginal band, except the four with
^ mark.

9 exposed May 14th.
9 with red hind wings and distinct >

mark on primaries.
$ not examined.
150 specimens examined.

S S 7S- 9 9 75-

S $ with te: mark 75.

9 9 with ^ mark 75.

9 9 with red secondaries 35.

9 9 with yellow secondaries 40.

March, 1902.] SeIKERT : NORTH AMERICAN ARCTI1D.E. 9

The broods derived from females exposed May 14th have been
reared under normal conditions ; the individuals of each of the other
two were partly submitted to high or low temperature.

A temperature of + 40° C. for 100 hours or + 4° C. for 30 to
40 days had the peculiar effect on newly formed pupae of 7iais to pro-
duce asymmetrical results in regard to primaries and secondaries irre-
spective of sex, but more pronounced with females. Heat as well as
cold caused a tendency to expand the longitudinal and mostly always
present but rudimentary transverse posterior stripes on primaries often
to such an extent as to leave only two limited streaks of black color
above and below median band, never impairing though the black costal
margin or spreading practically beyond transverse posterior stripe.

Heat affects the secondaries of the males by a reduction of the black
maculation, whilst the pale ochre color turns lighter but brighter.
The discal spot weak but mostly as in the normal forms present. With
the females heat reduces the black marginal band or maculation per-
ceptibly and intensifies the color, animating the vital activity even so
far as to produce ultimately true melanotic forms.

Exposure to low temperature, with both sexes, enlarges the black
maculation or marginal band decidedly, often even with the males
uniting the black spots to an irregular band, the black color losing
though much of its dee|)ness.

The red or yellow color of the hind wings is not dependent on
thermal conditions and the inclination to melanism seems to be con-
fined to the female forms with yellow hind wings.

The larvae of A. nais and related species are often infested by
a dipterous parasite, Thelaira leucozotia Panz., which fastens its eggs
mostly on the head of the larva. Wintering larvae not carefully at-
tended to are subject to muscardine to an alarming extent.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL
Arctia nais, male ; found in copula with exposed f , June 8.
" " " imago, June.

"■ " July.

July.
" " female ; " July.

" " " " May.

" " " . " December; xeartA on Cicho?iu»i endiTia.

" " male; pupa on ice, July 10 to Augu.st 10 ; imago, Aug. 19

Fig. II. " " " " " July 20 to August 20 ; " " 30

Fig-

I.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3-

Fig.

4-

Fig.

5-

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7-

Fig-

8.

Fig.

9-

Fig.

10.

" 8 to '

14;

" 25

" 7 to '

14;

" 24

" 8 to '

14;

" 25

" 7 to '

14;

" 24

" 7 to '

24;

" 31

10 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Fig. 12. Aritia iiais, male ; pupa on ice, July lO to August lo ; imago, Aug. 27

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14. " " female ; " '

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16. " " "

rig. I/.

Fig. 18. " " female ; pupa exposed to -(- 35 — j- 42°C., from July 21-26 ;

imago, July 30. Melanotic form.

Fig. 19. Arctia iiais, male ; pupa exposed to 35 — ^ 42^ C, [uly 23-Ju!y 26;
imago, August i.

Fig. 20. Arcfia iiais, male; pupa evposed to 35 — I- 42' ("., July 20-July 25 ;
imago, July 29.

Fig. 21. Arctia iiais, male : pupa exposed to 35 — (- 42 C, July 20-July 25 ;
imago, July 29.

Fig. 22. Aiutia Ncn's, male ; pupa exposed to 35 — [- 42° ('., July 20-July 25 ;
imago, July 30.

Fig. 23, Arctia fiais, male ; pupa exposed to 35 — |- 42° C, luly 20-|uly 25 ;
imago, July 29.

Fig. 24. Arctia nais, male ; pupa exposed to 35 — \- 42° (_'., [uly 20-July 25 ;
imago, July 31.

LIFE-KISTORY OF AEDES SMITHII COQ.
Bv John B. Siniith, Sc.D.

As Dr. Harrison G. Dyar has described and figured the larva of
this species in the last nimiber of this Journal (Vol. IX, p. 178), 1
will not again rehearse the characters given by him.

My first acquaintance with the insect began in late November,
1900, when Mr. J. Turner Brakeley called my attention to the fact
that, in the pitcher plants in the swamps surrounding his cranberry
bogs at Lahaway, there were what he thought mos([uito larvse. The
matter did not interest me very strongly at the time. I verified the
fact that they were mos(iuito larvae and, because that s]jecies was com-
mon about there, I assumed that it was piiiigens. Dr. Howard's
pamphlet on mos(iuitoes had been not long since published, and the
larvge in the leaves of the plant fitted to his pictures and description
sufficiently well. As Ciilex puiigcns breeds everywhere, it did not
strike me as especially odd that the larva should be in the leaf pitchers,
and I assumed that they were, probably, present in the bog holes and
ditches as well.

In reply to the question, what will Ijecome of these larvcTe, I in-
formed Mr. Brakeley that Culex /^i/ngcns hibernated as an adult ; that
the larvae are dependent upon atmospheric air and that these specimens

March, I902.] SmITH : LiFE-HlSTORY OF AeDES SMITHII. 11

would undoubtedly die when the winter fairly set in. Mr. Brakeley
looked unconvinced ; but said nothing at the time.

January 22, 1901, after a spell of bitter cold weather Mr. Brake-
ley sent me a jar of living larvae and a statement of how they had
been found frozen solid in the leaves of the pitcher plants. I'he ac-
count of my experiments with these larvas and the record of the early
breedings is given in Entomological News, Vol. XII, p. 153, for 1901.
It is also printed on pp. 83-90 of Dr. Howard's Mosquito book.

This carries the life-history to the point when, under laboratory
conditions, I secured a few adults which I mistook for undersized, im-
mature Culex pungens. Later, Mr. C. W. Johnson determined a
specimen as Aedes fuscus and under that name the species is several
times referred to in the minutes of the meetings of the Feldmann
Social, published in the Entomological News.

As the season progressed, Mr. Brakeley kept sending in larvae and
these matured in such numbers that I was able to supply material in
sufficient quantity to enable Mr. Coquillett to determine that instead
of Aedes fuscus we had a new species to deal with : one which will
have to descend to posterity as a member of the Smith family unless
perchance it proves to have been previously described.

Mr. Brakeley kept a duplicate series of specimens under observa-
tion at Lahaway and his first pupa, from larvae thawed out of ice Feb-
ruary 17th, was obtained April i6th and became adult on the 26th.
This gives a period of 58 days in active larval life at an ordinary in-
door temperature, or 68 days if the pupal period is counted. Other
pu])se and adults developed and the pupal period ranged between 10
and 12 days.

A small lot of specimens gathered April 7th, began pupating May
ist and these had an average pupal period of eight days.

Altogether Mr. Brakeley sent me, prior to May ist some 15 to 20
lots of larvae, numbering many hundreds of specimens. All these
were kept in the original pitcher leaf water and this never became
foul. It recpiired the contents of from 40 to 75 pitchers to make a
full pint of liquid and the larvi^e numbered from 2 to 20 or more in
each leaf. Culture after culture was closed out during the summer ; but
though the conditions for all the larvae in a single jar were absolutely
the same, the rate of development varied in each individual. One
quart jar, containing nearly 200 larvae received in early March, de-
veloped adults throughout the summer aild this was not closed out un-

12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

til September 13, 1901, six months after its receipt, when there were
yet a few larvae, two or three pupje and one or two adults ! These
larvae had been surely hatched in Noveml^er, 1900, and had remained in
that condition for certainly ten months, including the entire sunmier.

May 31, June i and 2, were spent at Lahaway with Mr. Brakeley,
and during those days the swamps for some distance around were
visited and dozens of pitcher plants closely examined.

In the areas flooded during the winter by cranberry bog operations,
no larvse were found : but as soon as the flood line 'was passed, larvje
were taken ; generally half a dozen or more to a leaf. But none oc-
curred except in the leaves. This point was tested very thoroughly
throughout the season and it is absolutely certain that this little species
does not occur anywhere outside of the receptacles formed by Sarra-
cenia, except by accident. In the colder, shaded parts of the swamp,
where springs occurred, larvae only were found. In the warmer
areas pupa^ were common and, in some places, where the water and
moss surrounding the plant were actually tepid, the insects had already
emerged and nothing but empty pupa shells could be found. It
seems to be entirely a matter of temperature and, in some of the
coldest places, no transformations would be likely to occur much
before late June. It is certain that most hibernating larvae live from
early November to late May or early June, a period of fully six
months. No adult A'cdes could be found and certainly none made
any attempt to bite. Nor could &g% masses or young larvae be dis-
covered at this time. New leaves were developing on the pitcher
plant groups ; but few had the lobes opened and fewer yet contained
any water. Such of these as were examined contained no insect life
and only here and there one had trapped insects ; none had begun to
digest or assimilate the animal food.

An open swamp at the head of a cranberry bog had most of the
leaves with pupal shells only ; but though there must have been hundreds
of ailult A'nh's about, not one could be found flying, nor could we
stir them up. In a deep, cold, huckleberry swamp, only larv;e were
found. It was fair to conclude from the three days' tramp that no
summer brood of larvae had yet begun, and it seemed strongly indi-
cated that Ardcs would not bite, even if given the opportunity. In
confirmation it may be said that late in the sunmier Mr. Brakeley saw
Acdes flying, and though there must have been thousands roundabout,
none made any effort to disturb him.

March, I902 ] SmITH : LiFE-HlSTORV OK AkDES SmITHII. 13

Unfortunately Mr. Brakeley could not be at Lahavvay during the
summer ; but arrangements were made to ship into New Brunswick at
ten-day intervals the contests of from three to six pitchers, that I
might be kept posted as to developments. The intense heat of mid-
summer and a fire which destroyed barn and horses interfered with the
regularity of the sendings.

July 3d, the leaves contained half and full grown larvae ; but
neither pupte nor very small larvae. July 13th, old and new leaves
contained very small larvae — evidently of recent date, while the old
leaves had also full grown larvae and pupse. There was, therefore, a
new .series of larvae and probably the first summer brood. July 23d,
the older leaves had very few larvae ; but almost as many very small
as large ones. The new leaves had all stages, from very small larvae
to pupae. The indications were, therefore, that the first summer brood
was coming to maturity, developing in from 15 to 20 days, while there
are yet adult individuals from the winter larva that are ovipositing.
From the small number of young larvae in individual leaves, the indi-
cations were that eggs were laid either singly or in small groups.

The next sending did not come until August 21st, and then there
was everything from the most minute larva to pupae just ready to
transform. So small were some of the larvae that I hunted for eggs or
egg-shells ; but failed to recognize any. It is probable that the
youngest larvae represent a third brood ; but breeding is practically
continuous: all stages being found at any time after the middle of

July.

September ist, the same conditions existed and there was a large
number of larvae so small that it seemed as if at least egg-shells must
yet remain ; but none were found. Fortunately Mr. Brakeley re-
turned to Lahaway early in this month and on the 13th— lucky day —
he found the eggs floating on the surface of the water in the pitcher
plants.

September 14th I had an opportunity to spend a couple of hours in
a swamp in the pines near Hanover Station, Burlington County, and
found the pitcher plants there full of the An/es in all stages from
babes to pups. Collected the entire contents of a number of the
pitchers in alcohol, and found afterward that eggs were present in
some numbers. But meanwhile Mr. Brakeley had positively identified
the eggs and had even bred from them a lot of larvae, making the re-
lation absolutely certain. He collected from time to time until Oc-

14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

tober 2oth, and found anywhere from 5 or 6 to 30 or more eggs in a
single leaf. Oviposition was continuous; but on only two occa--ions
were adults seen apparently engaged in the process. It may be that
the egg-laying is done mostly at night.

Af er the eggs had once been identified there was no difficulty in
finding them ; but it was noted that in the older leaves where larvae were
now most abundant, eggs were not so plentiful as they should be to
account for the large winter supply. So attention was directed to the
younger leaves even where there was as yet no water in them. Here,
it was discovered, was the favorite place for ovipositing, with this
species. Eggs were laid in leaves as yet perfectly dry ; at the bottom
and at the sides ; singly or in little groups ; whether by one or more
than one female was not ascertained. Of the old leaves many become
imperfect in late fall and any puncture or decay allowing the water to
escape, would of course mean the death of the larvae. So the new
leaves are selected and in them many more eggs were found than in
the others. In one case Mr. Brakeley counted up to 75, then lumped
the remainder and called it 100. It is scarcely probable that any one
female of this species is capable of producing 100 eggs of the compar-
atively large size of those in (juestion ; so two at least and possibly
more females may ovii)osit in a suitable leaf.

Observations were continued until frost, which came unusually
early in 1901. Up to November eggs were found and, early in that
month, a few pupa;. So breeding is continued just as long as there
is a chance to keep it up.

The eggs are chestnut brown in color, somewhat chunky, bean-
shaped, the ends somewhat pointed, the inner margin nearly straight.
There is no evident sculpture ; yet when first mounted and examined
under the microscope, there seems to be a somewhat irregular tessel-
lated reticulation that disappears later, when the shell becomes more
transparent.

In the previously published notes it was brought out that this
larva does not need to come to the surface for air as much as recorded
for Culcx. Dr. Howard informs me that a lot of larvae that I sent
him lived for nearly two weeks under a film of oil which covered the
surface of their breeding jar.

One of my students demonstrated in the laboratory a very com-
plete tracheal system in the anal processes of the larva ; so we have
really a gill structure, by means of which the insect gets its supply of
oxygen directly from the water.

March, I902.] HeRRICK: LiFE-HiSTORY OF OnCIDKRES TeXANA. 15

Briefly stated, the life history is as follows : The insect winters in
the larval stage, freezing and thawing as often as need be during that
season. It pupates late in May and bei^omes adult a week or ten days
later. Eggs are laid in the leaves singly or in small groups ; fastened
to the sides or floating on the surface. The summer broods mature in
about a month, and there are probably three if not four series ; but
the broods overlap so much that the breeding is practically contin-
uous. Late in the season the adults select the new leaves for ovipo-
sition even if they are yet dry.

There is little dift'erence in appearance between the sexes and the
antennae of the male are hardly plumo.se.

In New Jersey the larvae breed in the leaves of Sarracenia purpurea
only ; but not everywhere, for Mr. E. L. Dickerson, who examined a
large number of plants for me in Morris County, says positively that
there are no mosquito larvae in any of them. Whether exceptionally
or normally, the water in the plants examined by him was foul, and
in such a mixture this larva does not live. On the other hand, Mr.
D. W. Coquillett tells me that he has the species from Florida, where
it breeds in the leaves of an orchidaceous plant growing on trees.

This is the Jersey mosquito for which I claim that it does not
bite !

NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITS OF
ONCIDKRES TEXANA.

Bv Glenn W. Herrick.

While inspecting nurseries in Biloxi and Ocean Springs, Missis-
sippi, the writer noted that the branches of many pecan trees in the
nursery rows were cleanly severed as though by some insect, probably
a beetle. On further investigation a puncture in the bark just beneath
every bud on the severed portion was evident. In the majority of
these punctures was found a minute egg, from which the larvae and
pupae of One icier es texana Horn, have been reared and observed for
nearly two years.

Mr. James Brodie of Biloxi, has aided me greatly in observing the
habits of the adults and in sending me material. I shall frequently
quote Mr. Brodie' s own words.

16 Journal New York. Emtomological Society. [Voi x.

So far as the writer is aware nothing has been recorded in regard
to the life-history of this Ijeetle.

Dr. Riley has contributed several short articles to the American
Entomologist on O. cin^i/hi/a which however are incomplete and
hence the following notes may be of interest.

Eggs. — These were imbedded between the bark and wood in per-
forations made by the female beetle. The opening was closed by a
gummy secretion. The eggs are about two and one half millimeters
in length, of a whit'sh color, and oval in shape. Those under obser-
vation were laid in October of 1900 and hatched in about one month.
The time of hatching is not definitely known because we were an.xious
to rear the adults and so did not like to examine the eggs and thus
destroy them. Each egg is laid beneath a bud and rarely beneath a
small branch if it be not more than one year old.

In every case coming under my observation or that of Mr. Brodie,
a peculiar scarring of the bark from the egg down the branch for two
or three inches was found. The female, after laying her eggs, digs
with her mandibles, transverse shallow grooves one-sixteenth to one-
eighth of an inch long in the bark, along the probable course of the
burrowing larva. These grooves are close together and give to the
bark its peculiar scarred appearance. No doubt it is done to deaden
the bark and prevent growth from crushing the egg. Where an egg is
laid beneath each bud, the series of grooves often extend from bud to
bud. Thus the whole severed portion may be scarred. Dr. Riley
mentions nothing of the kind in regard to O. cingitlata, and we con-
clude that the species differ in this particular.

So far as observed the eggs are laid only in the severed portion of
the branch and I should expect this to hold true in every case.

LarvcE. — These are white in color and from one-half to three-
fourths of an inch long. They vary much in size. In the first place,
I judge those destined to produce females are larger than the others.
In the second place a difference in the amount of nutriment obtained,
no doubt has something to do with the variation.

When looked at with a lens the body is found to be sparsely clothed
with very short, dark, hairs. The mouth parts are black and pro-
trude. After hatching they soon burrow a little distance into the
wood anci remain there until warm weather. During the following
spring and summer they excavate galleries in the dead branch just be-
neath the bark. Occasionally one is found burrowing in the solid

March, I902.] Herrick : T.ife-Habits OF Oncideres Texana. 17

wood. They grow rather slowly and apparently little wood satisfies
them. In one branch, three-eighths of an inch in diameter, two larvae
came to maturity in galleries not over five inches long. Of course the
two galleries occupied nearly the whole branch, only the thin bark
and a thin partition wall remaining.

The larvae exist in these cut-off branches one year in most cases
and then pass into the pupal stage within the gallery. Some larvae
certainly pass another winter in the branches. These are evidently
those that for some reason have not grown rapidly, owing possibly to
insufficient nutriment. Among several branches examined in January,
1902, two larvae were found that had not changed to the pupal form.
They were not over two-thirds grown and most certainly will remain
as larvae until warm weather.

Before the larva changes to a pupa, it cuts a pinhole in the bark
near the end of the gallery, and closes up the opening of the burrow
behind with long thread-like shavings. 1 he pupal cell is thus fur-
nished with an opening to the outside for air and egress when the
proper time comes.

Piipce. — On account of my intense desire to obtain the adults, the
larvae were disturbed as little as possible and consequently the exact
time of change to the pupal form is not known. It was some time be-
tween October 12 and November 12, 1901. On the former date, two
were examined and found still in the larval state. On the latter date
they were pup«. This gives approximately one year in these two
cases for the development of the larvre.

The pupae are also white with short dark-colored spines on the
dorsal sides of segments. They vary from seven-sixteenths to five-
eighths of an inch in length and lie in burrows in most cases as de-
scribed above until some time during the following summer. The
pupae under observation at this time, January, 1902, developed from
eggs laid in October, 1900, have not changed to the adult form with
one exception, and can hardly be supposed to do so until warm weather.
The one exception noted was the case of a pupa that had attained the
adult form in the autumn but for some reason was not able to issue
from its cell and died. So it is possible that in some cases one year
may complete the life-history.

In October of this year I found many larv^ in branches of oak
and the adults were then depositing their eggs in a tree near by. This
fact puzzled me at the time but when I learned that the pupae lived

18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.x.

over another season it became plain that these were the adults of last
year's larvre.

Adults. — -These are grayish beetles from one-half to five-eighths of
an inch long. The male is the smaller and has longer antennae. The
antennre of the female are only slightly longer than the body while
those of the male are considerably longer. The wing covers are
marked with irregularly roundish, red spots. The middle third (ap-
proximately) of each wing cover is rather densely clothed with gray
hairs which give this part a distinctly grayish appearance. The proxi-
mal (especially) and the distal thirds are less densely clothed, hence
darker in color. The thorax is light gray l)ut the vertex of head and
face are covered with reddish hairs.

Habits of AJults. — It is evident from continued observation that
these beetles almost invariably work in ])airs. Mr. Brodie says :
''The result of further observations keeps me convinced that they
work in pairs. The male is the smaller, and the fact that I frequently
find them copulating ])roves they are in ])airs. If the male is not in
(■om])any with the female he is not far away. I invariably find him at
the point or base of the branch the female is sawing. She takes fre-
(juent intervals of rest and then they are together and frequently while
the female is at work the male is there but in no sense helping or in-
terfering in the work. I have found solitary females working but it
was the exception. " The female does all the work. After she selects
a branch, she stands on it head downward and clasps it firmly with
the fore legs. The manner of cutting is described by Mr. Brodie as
follows : "In starting work, a [jatch the desired width of cut is cleaned
and the bark eaten. Then the powerfiil mandibles are brought to
work on the wood. A cut is first made at the top, then the head
moves gently down to the bottom, where a corresponding cut is made ;
then working from the bottom cut, the wood fiber is raised and as the
piece was cut free to start with at the top it is already detached when
the pice is torn loose to the top cut. 'I'hen another cut is made at
the top ; then at the bottom, and so on till the insect reaches in as
far as it can con\eniently. It then moves to either side of this cut,
eats off another strip of bark and goes to work on the wood as before. ' '

Strange to say the cutting in all actually observed cases is done be-
fore the eggs are laid. Sometimes enough wood is left to support the
branch but often it falls over before the eggs are dej)Osited. This cut-
ting off of the branch is evidently to prevent growth from crushing

March. ijo2.| HeRRICR: L]FK-Ha I'.ITS OF OnCIDERES TeXANA. 19

the eggs and to provide suitable food for the larvae. In one case
where sufficient wood was left for circulation of sap, the eggs were
found crushed between the bark and wood.

Dr. Riley infers that the twigs are cut off by O. cingulata to keep
them on the damp ground where the eggs will remain moist. In the
case of O. texana I found several branches containing one-year-old
larvae that had lodged in the branches of a thick bushy oak from
which they had been cut. These were healthy vigorous larvae and
changed to pupae later. Of course these larvae had never touched the
ground.

History of a Single Pair. — During the autumn of 1901, Mr. Brodie
had the good fortune to be able to observe continuously day by day
the work of a single pair and the report is here given in his own
words. " Possibly the work started September 28th. 1 found them
November 5th. Then three branches had been cut. Day by day the
work went on. The trees they selected were in a nursery row — three-
year-old pecans. Nearly all the eggs were deposited in the two-year-
old wood. The whole season's work was limited to an area of twenty-
five feet by four feet. Six trees were used and, from these, nineteen
branches were cut. In the nineteen branches I counted a deposit of
one hundred and fifty-seven eggs. These insects remained in com-
pany over three weeks. Then the male disappeared and no other
returned. Possibly his season of usefulness was passed or he met an
enemy. One feature that taxed my patience, was their selection of
the best budded trees in preference to the seedling trees standing with
them in the same row. December 15th we had a sharp freeze and I
surmised that her life work might be ended. Sure enough I found her
near the root of the tree on the ground frozen stiff. I held her some
time in my warm hand but there was no recovery. Then I held her
in my clasped hands and breathed on her ' the breath of life,' and she
once more became a living beetle. I left her as comfortable as possi-
ble but the shock was too great for her recovery. December i6th we
had 14° to 16° freezing and that morning I found a dead beetle."

20 Journal. New York Entomological Society. [Voi x.

MALLOPHAGA FROM BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC
COAST OF NORTH AM 'RICA.

By V. L. Kellogg and B. L. Chapman,

Stan/oi-d University, Calif.

(Plate III.)

The Mallophaga identified and described in this paper were col-
lected by the authors, or by various students of zoology and entomol-
ogy in Stanford University, from North American birds mostly taken
on the Pacific Coast. The majority of hosts were shot in Alaska and
California. Only those specimens in this miscellaneous collection of
Mallophaga are referred to in this paper which are representatives of
new species or which establish a new host record or new locality record
for a previously known species. For each species previously described
a reference to the original description is given and also a reference to
the place of this species in a List of Biting Lice (Mallophaga) taken
from birds and mammals of North America, by Kellogg ( Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., Vol. XXII, 1899, pp. 39-100) in which all of the Ameri-
can records, with hosts (together with the foreign records with hosts,
if the species has been found outside of North America) are given for
each species.

New Mallophaga I, II and III re[)eatedly referred to in this paper
were published as Contributions of the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory
of Stanford University as follows: Kellogg, New Mallophaga I, 1896,
137 pp., 14 plates, as No. IV of the Contributions; Kellogg, New
Mallophaga II, 1896, 117 pp. 14 plates as No. VII of the Contribu-
tions ; and Kellogg, Chapman and Snodgrass, New Mallophaga III,
1899, 224 pp., 17 plates, as No. XIX of the Contributions.
Docophorus melanocephal us />//;-/;/ m/i?/-, Handb. d. Ent., II, 1839,

p. 426; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 44.

From Sterna forsteri (Leech Lake, Minnesota).
Docophorus fusiformis Doiuy, Monograph, Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p.

84, pi. I, fig. 2 ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 46.

From Triiiii^a eoi/es (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Docophorus fuliginosus Keilogg, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. So,

pi. Ill, fig. 2 ; List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 47.

From Puffin us creatopus (California).

March, 1902.] KeLLOGG & CHAPMAN : AMERICAN MaLLOPHAGA. 21

Docophorus speotyti Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,

1896, p. 222, fig. 144 ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 48.

From Asia acciptrinus (Kadiak Island, Alaska).

The specimens, two males, are distinctly larger, especially broader,
and more strongly marked than typical representatives of the species.
Docophorus ceblebrachys Nitzsch, ed. Giebel Zeitschr. f. Ges.

Naturwiss., 1861, XVII, p. 528; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga,

1899, p. 48.

From Siirnia uluia (Minneapolis, Minnesota).

Docophorus communis Nifzsch, Germar's Mag. d. Ent., Ill, 1818,
p 290; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 50.
Yroxn Junco Inmenalis thurheri (Palo Alto, California), Lannis sp.
(Palo Alto, California; Kadiak Island, Alaska), Pica pica luidsomca,
and Pinicola emuleator (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Docophorus distinctus Kellogs, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 477,

pi. LXV, fig. 5 ; List of Mallophaga, 1S99, p. 50.

From Corvus corax principalis (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Docophorus rutteri Kellogg, Mallophaga from Birds from Panama,

Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1S99, p. 12,

pi I ficr 3 ; List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 52-

From Parus atricapillus septentrionalis (Kadiak Island, Alaska).

Nirmus fissus Nitzsch, Germar's Mag. Ent., Ill, 1818, p. 291;
Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1S99, p. 54-
From Aegialites semipalmata (Pacific Grove, California).
Nirmus complexivus Kellogg ^ Chapman, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75, pl- ^^' ^S- 3 J
Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 54-
From Tringa couesi (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Nirmus incoenis Kellogg ^ Chapman, Mallophaga from Birds of
California in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, pi. VI, fig. 5 ; Kellogg,
List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 55-
From Tringa couesi (Kadiak Island, Alaska).

Nirmus luprepes, sp. nov. (Plate III, Fig. L)

Description of female. Body, length, 1.63 mm., width .45 mm.; body pale brown
with narrow black marginal markings.

Head, length .4 mm., width .35 mm.; elongate, tr.angular w.th clypeus narrowly

22 J(jURNAL New York Entomological Society. l^'o'- X-

rounding, the uncolored region expanding slightly in front of the sutures ; four mar-
ginal hairs, one in the rounding anterior angle of the clypeus, one just behind this,
one at the suture, and one in front of the trabecules ; trabeculae prominent ; antennae
short, reaching barely two-thirds of the distance to the occipital margin, first three
segments almost uncolored, last two distinctly fulvous ; eyes flat with short prickle and
long slender hair ; tem|ioral margins broadly rounding, with two long hairs and a
short stiff prickle on the margin ; occipital margin slightly concave ; clypeal signature
shield -shaped, constricted slightly anteriorly ; anterior half fulvous, posterior half
almost uncolored ; antennal bands distinct, dark brown and interrupted at the suture,
posterior extremity bending sharply in ; temporal borders narrow but distinctly dark
brown growing paler toward the occipital border.

Prothorax quadrangular ; sides slightly diverging ; posterior angles rounding with
one short hair ; marginal borders dark golden brown ; median portion pale fulvous.
Metathorax with widely diverging sides, strongly angulated on abdomen ; lateral angles
with three long pustulated hairs, postero-lateral margin with two long pustulated
hairs, narrow dark brown marginal markings, anterior extremities bending strongly-
inward, durk marking broadening in posterior angle. Legs concolorous with the
palest color of the thorax ; darker brown annular markings.

Abdomen elongate elliptical, posterior angles of the segments slightly projecting ;
one or two hairs in posterior angles after first segment ; four long pustulated hairs on
the posterior margin of the segments, two long hairs being near the posterior angles
and the other two on each side of the median line ; segment 8 with four long pustu-
lated hairs along the lateral margin, segment 9 angularly emarginate with a few very
short and one longer marginal prickle. Color fulvous with broad segmental median
bands of dark brown to black, broad uncolored sublateral band and uncolored posterior
margins on segments 1-8 ; segment 9 with two pale brown blotches.

From the turnstone, Areiiaria inferpres (Pacific Grove, Calif.)
This Nir)mis belongs to the group internipto-fasciata hitherto found
exclusively on passerine birds, especially birds of the finch family.

Nirmus splendidus Kellogx^ Mallophaga from Birds from Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga III, 1899, p. 16,
pi. II, figs. 3 and 6 ; List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 56.
From Polyhortis cherijtmy (Tampico, Mexico).

Liperus ferox Giehel, Zeitsch. f. Ges. Naturwiss., XXIX, 1867, p.
195 ; Kkllogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 59.
From Diomedia nigripes (North Pacific Ocean).

Liperus faraPonii Kellogg, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 103, pi. V,
fig. 4 ; List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 60.
From Phalacrocorax pencillatus, and P. resplcndens (Calif).

Liperus mcilhenyi Kellogg 6-' Kiewana, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci.,
1900, P- 155. pl- VII, fig. 3.

March, iyo2.] KELLOGG & ChAPMAX: AMERICAN MaI-LOPH AOA. 23

From Diomedia )ii}:;ripes (California). Previously recorded from
same host, Ft. Barrow, Alaska.

Liperus comst'tcki, sp. nov. (Plate III, Fig. 2.)

Descriplion of female. Body, length 3 mm., width .45 mm.; very long, slen-
der, body no wider than head, fuliginou.s with dark brown to black marginal band.s
on the head, thorax and abdomen.

Head, length .45 mm., width .35 mm.; elongate, conical scarcely any wider
through the tempels, front rounding, distinctly separated from the head by a suture ;
a short hair at the suture and two longer marginal hairs in front of the suture ; sides
of the front diverging but little, with a short fine marginal hair, in front of the small
angular trabecular a short prickle ; antennas slender, first segment short, second almost
as long as the third and fourth segments together ; third cylindrical and longer than
the fourth, a few short hairs on the segments and several at the tip of the last segment ;
color pale fuliginous, darker on last three segments; eye small but distinct with one
prickle ; temporal margins parallel, one short marginal prickle just below the eye, one
more on the lateral margins of the temple and two short prickles and one long hair on
the rounding temporal angle ; occipital margin acutely concave ; signature shield-
shaped, extending to front margin of head, pale colored anteriorly, darker brown
behind, a distinct suture extending from posterior angle along the median line not
quite to the anterior u.argin of the signature ; this suture extending posteriorly almost
to the mandibles ; antennal bands broad and dark with the anterior and posterior
ends curving inwardly, temporal margins bordered with dark brown, paling inwardly.

Prothorax almost square, anterior angles rounding, bare ; posterior angles acute
with one short prickle ; ground color fuliginous with uniform dark lateral bands which
bend inwardly at the posterior angles. Metathorax quadrangular, longer than broad,
slight restriction behind the anterior angle ; posterior margin with a narrow acute
median angle on the abdomen ; five hairs in posterior angles. Legs robust with short
hairs on tibia; and fetnora ; pale with narrow dark borders.

Abdomen long and narrow, segments gradually widening to the fourth, fifth and
sixth about equal, ninth deeply and angularly emarginate, the two acute points with
one strong hooked hair ; posterior angles of the segments with one or two long hairs ;
each segment with a broad transverse band darker on the median line and a dark
brownish black lateral band.

From Rallus vin^inianiis (Ithaca, New York).

Oncophorus bisetosus Fiaoet, Les Pediculines, 1880, p. 217, pi.

XVIII, fig. 4; Kellogg (var. califoniicus K. & C. ) List, 1899,

p. 65.

From Rallus viroinianiis (Ithaca, N. Y.). A variety of this form
previously recorded from the same host (Palo Alto, Calif.). The
specimens in hand much more closely approximate the type, but show
certain slight differences.
Laemobothrum loomisi, sp. nov. (Plate III, Fig. 3.)

24 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Description of female. Body, lenijth 9.7111111., width 2.58 mm.; clear pale
brown with dark brown markings.

Head, length 1. 46 mm., width 1.66 mm. ; large, broader than long, front mar-
gin truncate with many short and several longer hairs on the margin ; one short and
two longer hairs in the rounding angle near the suture, a few long weak hairs on the
dorsal surface of the front ; the front half on the distinctly convex margin of the an-
tennal fossa bears three long hairs and several short spines, and the hinder half is
without hairs save one that arises on the ventral surface and extends beyond the mar-
gin, and a few short spines just in front of the eye ; eye small and round, inconspicu-
ous ; temporal margins diverging in an even line to a rounding angle where they curve
in to meet the concave occipital margin ; a series of six short stiff hairs on the front
even margin of the temples ; two long fine hairs in the rounding angle, two short
spines just back of these, a single spine in the rounding angle of the occiput and
temple ; antennas concealed in fossae ; labial palpi extending beyond the sides of the
head nearly the length of three stout joints that are of nearly equal length, a short
strong hair m the outer anterior angle of the third and fourth segments, color pale
brown of the head, mandibles with dark tips on teeth ; darker marginal bands on each
side of the front fading inwardly to the mandibles ; antennal fossae rimmed with dark
brown fading inwardly, lower inner half darkest brown curving in around the clear
circular space through which the antenna; show ; anterior margin of temples with a
broad dark band, growing narrower on the posterior incurving margin of the temples ;
occipital margin with a narrow dark band, a dark median blotch on the head between
the temples ; posterior half of blotch broadly heart-shaped, anterior portion broad at
median blotch but dividing into two narrow bands that diverge, growing pale as they
approach the antennal bands, a clear uncolored circular space in middle of the blotch,
and a clear V-shaped line about the posterior margin of the heart-shaped dark blotch.

Prothorax shorter than the head and not as wide as the head through the temples ;
anterior portion narrow fitting into the occipital cavity, a distinct constriction abruptly
separates this anterior portion from the posterior portion ; sides rounding, the posterior
margin deeply emarginate, bearing the posterior angles as obtusely pointed, backward
projecting processes civerlapping the metathorax ; series of short stiff spines on the
margin of the outer anterior half (of the front margin) of the jjrothorax, one long
slender hair in the anterior angle, one long hair in the angle at the constriction and a
series of about nine long hairs along the rounding lateral margins, four shorter hairs
and a spine in the obtuse posterior angles ; ground color pale brown, anterior margin
with a narrow band of darker brown that disappears at the anterior angles, dark brown
to black on the lateral margin darkest at the constriction and the angle immediately
posterior to it, growing very narrow and lighter at the posterior angles and on the
posterior margins ; a narrow uncolored median line extends the whole length of the
prothorax with a pale brown band on each side, a narrow chitinous bar crosses
the anterior half of the prothorax, meeting a broader lateral bar which curves inwardly
from the anterior angle of the thorax, then down to the posterior portion where it
curves in again to meet the narrow posterior brown band. Metathorax and meso-
thorax bell-shaped and continuous in outline with the abdomen, separated from each
other by a distinct suture, anterior angles broadly rounding with two short hairs, sides
gradually diverging, with a series of long and short hairs on the margin, posterior

Maicii, I902.] Kellogg & Chapman: American Malf.ophaga. 25

margin of metatliorax with four long postulated hairs ; the ground color as in the pro-
thorax, the anterior and lateral margins with broad blackish-brown band from which
incurving projections extend, one pointed blotch curves in from each anterior angle ;
the uncolored narrow median line eNtends through the meso- and metathorax, the dark
band each side of this widens with a broad pyramid-shaped blotch on the mesothorax
and diminishes again on the metathorax, though the anterior portion of the metathor-
acic blotch is much darker brown ; sternal markings of prothorax dark median blotch,
anterior two thirds ([uadrangular, slightly concave on anterior margin ; posterior por-
tion drawn out in a narrow neck, whole blotch looking like a flat-sided bottle ; inter-
coxal lines dark brown. Metathorax with median markings oval with anterior and
posterior ends narrowly drawn out ; posterior portion of the oval supported by broad
dark lateral bars, anterior portion with gracefully curved bars like handles to a slender-
naked vase. Legs large and strong, covered with long hairs and short spines ; pale
golden brown with dark brown markings.

Abdomen elongate, oval, sides sub-parallel, widest at fourth segment, no dis-
tinct marginal constrictions between the segments, a series of long and shorter hairs
along the lateral margins of the body and a series of long pustulated hairs on the pos-
terior margin of each segment ; last segment broadly rounded with a series of short
marginal hairs and scattered dorsal hairs, color pale brown, dark brown lateral bands
separated from the paler median portion by uncolored sub marginal lateral bands;
the narrow median uncolored line of the thorax shows in the anterior portion of the
first three segments of the abdomen ; the anterior portion of the median transverse
blotches of the segments is darker brown.

One specimen from A user albifrons gambeii coWecied in San Fran-
cisco by Leverett M. Loomis, curator of birds, California Academy of
Science. The largest species of Mallophaga so far known, exceeding
the length of Lipeunis ferox (from albatrosses) by about .5 mm., and
its width by about the same.
Trinotum luridum Nitzsch, Germar's Mag. d. Ent., Ill, 1818, p.

300; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 70.

From Urinator pacificus (California).
Ancistrona gigas Piaget, Les Pediculines, Supplement, 1885, p.

117, pi. XII, fig. 8 ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 71.

From Puffinus creatopus and P. griseiis (California).
Colpocephalum maculatum Piaget, Les Pediculines, 1880, p.

516, 1)1. XLIII, fig. I ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 74.

From Polyphorus cherhvay (Tampico, Mexico).
Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 147,

pi. XII, fig. 7 ; List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 72.

From Larus glaucus (California and Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch, Germar's Mag. d. Ent., Ill,

1818, p. 298 ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 73.

26 Journal New York. Ento.\iolo(jical Society'. [Voi x.

From HalitPliis leuc(>Cf'phaliis and Ai/itila c/iryscetos ( Kadiak
Island, Alaska).

Menopon infrequens Ke/Ioi^-g, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 161, pi.
XV, fig. 5 ; [j'st of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 75.
From Lanis i^laiicesccns (California and Kadiak Island, Alaska).

Menopon funereum Kellogg d-' Cliapman, Mallophaga from P>irds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 124, pi. VIII,
fig. 6 ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 77.
From Aphclocoina californica (California).

Menopon kuwani, sp. nov. (Plate III, Fig. 4.)

Description of female. Body, length 2.22 mm., width i mm.; a very broadly
oval body ; color pale, translucent golden brown, without distinct markings, save
almost circular ocular blotches of clear chestnut brown and dark tips of mandibles.

Head, length, .35 mm., width .65 mm.; broad through the temples, and sides
curving evenly but rapidly to the slightly angulated front of the clypeus ; one very
short hair and one rather long and one shorter hair on the margin of each side of the
angular point of the clypeus, a tiny prickle near the suture ; two long and several
shorter hairs on the swelling just in front of the very shallow ocular emargination ;
temples swelling but little below the ocular emargination, p>osteriorly forming a blunt
angle with the occipital border which is concave ; three long and two shorter hairs in
the temporal angle and four long pustulated hairs on the occipital margin ; color of
head light-chestnut brown, with dark brown ocular blotches and black ocular fleck,
dark chestnut markings where the tips of the mandibles show through the head ; oc-
cipital margin with a narrow chestnut band, darkening into broad occipital blotches.

Prothorax bread, sides converging but slightly, anterior angles but little produced
each with two short spines and a long hair ; two long hairs and a siiort spine in
the posterior angle and four long hairs on the sHghtly convex posterior margin ;
color pale even chestnut. Mesothorax short, sides rapidly diverging, metathorax
distinctly separated from mesothorax by marginal constriction, but little wider than
the prothorax ; posterior angles with several short spines and the last of a series of
long hairs on the posterior margin ; color slightly paler than the prothorax. Legs
of the palest color of the prothorax, and with several short stiff hairs on the femora
and tibia.

Abdomen broadly elliptical, posterior angles projecting but little after the third
segment, a few short spines and from one to two long hairs in the posterior angles ; a
series of long hairs on the posterior margin of each segment ; last segment rounding
with long hairs on the outer margin and a series of short stiff hairs along the rounding
posterior margin ; color paler than head and thorax but without darkei markings.

From Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Calif.).

Menopon persignatum Kellogg e^ Chapman, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 128, pi. IX, fig. i ;

March, I902.] KELL0(;G \ CHAPMAN : AMERICAN MaLLOPHAGA. 2/

Kello(;c;, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. 79-

From Cyanocitta frontalis (Mountain \iew, California).

Menopon mesoleucum Nitzsch, Germar's Mag. d. Knt., Ill, 181, p.
300 ; Kellogg, List of Mallophaga, 1899, p. -i^.
From Corvus corax principalis (Kadiak Island, Alaska).

Menopon alaskensis, sp. nov. (Plate III, Fig. 5.)

Description of female. Body, length 1.6 mm., width .6 mm.; general color,
nale colden brown, with distinct dark brown ocular blotches.

Head length .3 mm., width .45 mm.; semilunar with an evenly rounded front,
distinct ocular emarginations, temporal margins narrowly rounding ; occipital margin
concave; a pair of short hairs near the middle ^f the front, a longer one on the
side followed bv a very short one, and then three longer ones in front of the emarg.-
• nation ; ocular fringe composed of a few long hairs and short stiff hajrs, and in the
narrowly rounding temporal angles four long hairs and several short stiff ones ; occi-
pital margin broadly concave and with four long hairs ; one long hair and two short
ones on dorsal surface near anterior end of color blotches ; dark brown to black ocu^
lar blotches (mandibles showing dark brown through the clear golden brown of the
head), distinct black flecks ^n the eyes; a narrow dark brown occipital border broad-
enins sliehtly each side of the median line.

Frothorax broad with lateral angles distinctly produced and bearing a long hair

and two short spines, sides sloping rapidly to the tlatly convex posterior margin a

short spine on the lateral margins and ten long hairs on the posterior margin color

'golden brown with anterior angles darker fuscous ; strong chitinous bars showing

th ou'h body dark brown. Metathorax narrow anteriorly with -P'^'^ ^--g/"^

•des a few spines on the lateral margins and a row of long hairs along the slightly

onvIxposterL- margin; mesothorax distinctly separated by a marginal constriction

and a dark ransverse line, a few strong spines and a long hair in the posterior angle

and a series of long hairs on the posterior margin. Meta- and mesothorax with

broad transverse fuscous band across the posterior half, and narrow darker lateral

bord'; ternal markings composed of small median blotch on the prothorax with

::'::' dler l^eral bfrs, dark inwardly curving intercoxal lines on t -^^^^^^^^^^^^

a broad median fuscous blotch ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^
menl • many long hairs on the median blotches. Legs paie goiuc

each segment, a narrow darker lateral border and broad uncolo.cd sutural q

arating the segments.

Many specimens from Cinclus mexicanus and Pmuola enuclcator
(Kadiak Island).

28 Journal New Yokk Entomological Society. [\'>i x.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL

Pig. I. A'/r///us liiprepea K. & C. , female.

Fig. 2. Lipensis (oiiistoiki K. & C, female.

Fig. 3. L<emol>othoriiii)i loo/iiisi K. \: C, female.

Fig. 4. Menopon kinvani K. &. C, female.

Fig. 5. Me7iofon alaskensis K. & C, female.

COCCIDiE FROM THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

By S. I. KuwANA,

Stanford Uiin'ersity, California.

( Pl.ATKS IV AND V. )

In 1898-1899 Messrs. R. E. Snodgrass and Edmund Heller, as-
sistant in entomology and advanced student in zoology, respectively,
in Stanford University, spent six months on the Galapagos Island col-
lecting animals and plants for the University. The plants thus col-
lected were placed in the university herbarium, and not until recently
were thev examined for Coccidce. During the winter recess, Decem-
ber, 1901-January, 1902, the writer found six species of scale insects
on these plants, representing four genera. All of these species are
described in this paper. No previous records of Coccidai from the
Galapagos Islands have ever been published.

The following are the names of the species described in this paper :
Subfamily Orthezian^e, Orthezia galapagoefisis, sp. nov.; Subfamily
Asterolecaniina2, AsterolecatiiiiDi pustiilaiis ; Subfamily LecaniinEe, Le-
canium hemispJicEricum, Lecauiuin hesperidiDii pacificum, var. nov.;
Subfamily Diaspinae, Aspldiotiis latanice, Aspidiofus smilacis.

I have to thank Prof. W. R. Dudley for permission to examine the
dried plants, and have also to acknowledge the courtesy of Prof. T. D.
A, Cockerell in reading the MS. of this paper, examining specimens of
the species herein described, and giving notes, published herewith, on
these Galapagos Island Coccidae.

This paper was prepared in the Entomological Laboratory of Stan-
ford University under the direction of Prof. V. L. Kellogg.

Orthezia galapagoensis, sp. nov. (Plate IV, Figs. 1-4.)

Mature Feviale. — AntennEe 8-segmented, .76 mm. long, segment 8 longest, then
7, 6, 5, 4, 3 subequal, then 2 and I, segment I being the shortest and thickest. Legs
well developed ; coxae wider than long, stout ; tibia longer than femur ; tarsus one

\

March, 1902.] KUWANA : COCCID/E FROM GaLAPAGOS ISLANDS. 29

half the length of the tibia and tipped with a strong denticulate claw, which hears a
spine at the base.

The body is an elongate oval, rounded, and covered with hue hairs; anal ring
large, bearing six hairs.

The body is coated with a calcarecnis, laminated secretion. The shape and ar-
rangement of this secretion cannot be given as the specimens were not in good condi-
tion. The length of ovisac, about 2 mm., length of insect, 1.6 mm.

Habitat: On Coniea hitea (821) and Scalesia microcephala
(254), Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island.

" This appears to be close to O. prcetonga Dougl., btit the last an-
tennal joint seems to be too long for that species. It cannot be satis-
factorily identified without specimens showing perfect lamallae of the
secretion. I think it probable that this is a new species. " O.
ultima Ckll., from the Argentine Republic, has the waxy lamellae al-
most exactly as in the Galapagos species, so far as those of the latter
can be seen. The legs and antennse of ultima are much darker than
the Galapagos species. The last antennal joint of the Galapagos
species is very much longer than in ultima, and of quite a different
shape. This joint of the Galapagos species is much nearer to prcetonga
than to ultima " (Cockerell).

Asterolecanium pustuians Ckll. (Plate IV, Figs. 5-11.)

Scale of female. — Test of adult female smooth, shining, hard, semi-transparent,
flat beneath, convex above ; oval in form, one end slightly tapering ; color greenish-
yellow ; around the edge a fringe of long, pinkish-white, glassy filaments. Under
the compound microscope the scale shows many glassy filaments all over the dorsal
aspect. Average length, exclusive of fringe, about I mm.

Mature female. --^\oh\\\2iX in outline, about .7 mm. in length; color red; an-
teimK and legs absent ; margin of the body with a row of " figure-of eight " glands
in pairs ; segments distinct ; the posterior segment furnished with two lobes each
bearing one long and two short spines ; anal ring small with six hairs ; mouth parts
rather small, but well chitinized.

First larvil stage. — Elongate oval, gradually tapering toward posterior extremity,
flat ; segments distinct ; color red ; mouth parts very large, rostral loop long ; an-
tennae apparently lo-segmented, the last segment bearing long hairs : .08 mm. long,
formulae, 10, 2, i , 6 (4, 7, 8) 9, 5, 3, 9) ; legs subequal, normal, tibia shorter than
tarsus, digitules on tarsus fine, hair-like, knobbed, digitules on claw stout and short ;
posterior end of the body with two lobes, each bearing one long and two short hairs;
anal ring bearing six hairs ; length of body, . i mm.

Pupa. — Length, .9 mm.; width, .4 inm.; reddish brown, antennae and legs pale,
antenna; long, reaching to the base of the second legs; wing case large, reaching to
the base of last leg ; legs normal.

Habitat: On Townefortia pu best e /is {11 ()), Iguana Cove, Albe-
marle Island.

30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

" Quite the same as A. pustulans, and ev'idently introduced by man.
The antennre are not really lo-segmented ; the apparent segments are
rings; compare certain Aphids and Psyllids" (Cockerell).

Lecanium (Saissetia) hemisphaericum 7W;y. (Plate IV,
Figs. I 2-1 6.)

Afdture female. — Length about 2.5 mm.; hemi.spherical in shape; color light
brown. After treatment with KOH, the female becomes transparent with the excep-
tion of the margin of the body which is golden-yellow. Under the microscope may
be seen many round, rather large pits all over the dorsal aspect ; mouth parts small :
antennae 8-segmented, .14 mm. long, terminal segment bearing many long fine hairs,
segment 3 longest, segment I next, then 8, segment 6 the shortest ; the proportional
length of antennal segments are as follows :

I 2 ^ 4 C 6 7 8

16 13 22 14 II 10 7 14

17 15 20 13 II 9 7 14

The three pairs of legs are subequal, strongly chitinized, coxa stout, longer than
wide ; tarsus shorter than tibia, digitules on tarsus fine and hair-like, knobbed ; dig-
itules on claw very large, of dumbbell shape, and extending beyond claws ; margin
of the body with fine forked hairs ; anal ring small with many hairs ; anal plates
small but heavily chitinized, bearing a few short hairs.

Habitat: On Chicocca racemosa (60), Psychotria ni/ipes (117)
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island and on Polvpodiutn squamatKin (499),
Chatham Island.

" The scale looks like Seissetia hemisphicrica Targ. , and the anten-
nae and legs are not specially different. I think this is not to be
separated froin S. hemispluvrica " (Cockerell).

Lecanium (Calymnatus) hesperiduin Z. pacificum, \ar. nov.
(Plate V, Figs. 17-22.)

Mature feDiale. — -Length 2-3.5 inrn.; color pale yellow : elongate oval in form,
nearly flat, smooth. Under the microscope after treatment with KOH, the skin
shows but very few pits, irregular in size and distribution. Antennae 7segmented,
about .2 mm. long, segments, 4 longest, 3 next, 5 and 6 subequal and shortest, seg-
ment I thickest, wider than long, terminal segment bearing many long hairs, for-
mulae, 4, 3, 7, 2, I (6, 5). The proportional length of antennal segments are as
follows :

1234567

I

10

13

15

15

6

6

15

2

8

10

15

14

7

7

15

3

10

10

16

15

7

7

15

4

7

7

16

13

6

7

15

5

10

18

13

6

6

13

7

10

17

13

7

7

13

March, T0O2.] KrWANA : COCCID.K FROM (lALAPAGOS ISI.ANDS. 31

Margin of the body with forked hairs ; each marginal incision has a large spine
with a short one on each side ; legs subequal, coxa large, longer than wide, tro-
chanter triangular in form and hearing a long hair, femur large, convex on both sides,
tibia nearly as large as femur, but slender, tarsus shorter than tibia, claw long and
slender, digitules on tarsus long and hair-like, knobbed, digitules on claw stout,
knobbed ; anal ring small, with many (8?) hairs ; anal plate bearing one large and
two or more small spines at the posterior extremities.

Habitat : On Achrosiichum caudatum (959), IVedelia paludosa
(966), Hibiscus tiliacens (961), Adiantum intefmedum (962),
Irichomanes pricrii (955), Conostegia lasiopoda (963), Polypodimn
phyllitidus (965), Nephrolepis aciila (53), and A Isophila armata
(964), Cocos Island. On I^sychofria 7-ufipes (817), Abingdon
Island. On Fsyc/iotria nifipes (865), 1,000 ft., Iguana Cove, Abing-
don Island, and on Gossypimn barbadcnse (599), Seymour Island.

" This is a Calynuiatiis, very similar to C. hesperidi/m, but smaller
than this species ordinarily is. The antennas agree with hesperidum,
as also do the legs. The insect is evidently ovoviviparous. The slight
fimbriation of the tips of the spines is peculiar. C. ttamis (Ckll.)from
Trinidad, W. 1., also has the spines occasionally slightly fimbriate,
but it is a smaller species (length 1.5 mm.), and the fourth antennal
joint is much shorter. I am by no means sure that the Galapagos
insect is not a form of C. hcsperiduni, perhaps produced by climatic
conditions" (Cockerell, MS.).

Aspidiotus(Hemibalesia)latani£e.S>X/w;r/. ( Plate V, Figs. 23, 24.)

Srale of adult ffiitaU. — The scale of the female is circular with the exuvire laterad
of the center ; the position of the first is indicated by a ripple like prominence, slightly
covered with white cottony wax ; the second skin is slightly reddish brown, with re-
mainder of the scale slightly darker ; the ventral scale is delicate, white, and adheres
to the bark leaving a white spot when the scale is removed ; diameter 1.7 mm.

Mature female. — The body of the female is ovate ; pale in color, with the last ab-
dominal segment lemon yellow, and presenting the following characters : there are
four groups of spinnerets, the anterior laterals vary from five to seven, while the pos-
terior laterals contain six ; there is only one pair- of lobes, they are very prominent,
about as wide as long, notched on each side, and more or less rounded ; there are two
incisions in the thickening of the body wall laterad of the lobes ; plates distinct, forked,
about as long as the lobes ; two laterad of the lobes, between the first and second
spines, and three more between second and third sj.ines ; the spines distinct, first pair
on the lateral margin of the base of the lobes, the second pair midway between the two
incisions, and the third pair just laterad of the last incision.

Scale of 7)1 ale. — The scale of the male is oval in form, very much smaller than the
female, but the same in texture ; the exuvije is near the center ; length, about .8 mm.

Habitat : On Sca/esia hopkinsii {S^i), 1,700 ft., Abingdon Island.

32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) smilacis Cojustock. (Plate V, Figs.

25-26.)

Scale of female. — The scale of the female is circular, or nearly so, slightly con-
vex, with exuviae lateradof the center, shining coal-black in color ; the first skin shows
no segmentation ; length, .43 mm., the second skin oval, about .55 mm., in length ;
the color of scale grayish brown to dark brown ; diameter usually 1.5-2 mm.

Mature female. The body of the female is ovate, lemon yellow in color ; the
last segment presenting the following characters : there are four pairs of well-devel-
oped lobes, the first and second lobes of each with a notch on the lateral margins,
the third pair with two notches on the lateral margins, the fourth pair vary in shape,
but are usually abruptly narrowed toward their posterior extremities on the lateral
margins, and sometimes have notches ; there are six thickenings of the body wall on
each side of the meson, these are linear, oblong, with the anterior ends rounded and
much expanded, and nearly parallel with the meson, one arising from the mesal mar
gin of the first lobe is short and small, one from the lateral margin of the same lobe is
more than twice the length of the lolie, one from the mesal margin of each of the
second and third lobes is short and small, one from a point about midway between
the second and third lobes extends anteriorly beyond any of the other thickenings,
and finally one from the lateral margin of the third pair and one from the mesal mar-
gin of the fourth pair, are short and very small, between the members of the first pair
of lobes and on each side between the first and second, and second and third lobes
are two minute fringed plates, while the space between the third and fourth lobes is
wide, with two rather large flat, fringed plates ; the spines are very small, and are
situated near the middle of the base of the lobes.

Stale of male. — The scale of the male is elongated oval, of the same general
color as the female ; ventral scale well develcjjjed and dark brown, about I mm., long.

Habitat: On Croton scouleri var. albescens {2(^2), C. scDu/eri v3iT.
macrcBi (189) 4,000 ft., and Chusques sp., Tagus Cove, Albemarle
Island; and on Scalesia gumftiifera (266), Klizabeth Bay, Albemarle
Island.

" This is a Chrvso/nf /talus presenting the closest possible relation
to C. smi/acis (Comstock) which I have not seen. C. ^mi/aeis was
found at Wood's Holl, but I suspect it was on indoor plants. This
species differs from smilacis in the form of the second and third
lobes " (Cockerell ).

E.YPLAN.^'iTION OF PLATE.S.

Plate IV.

Ortheiia ^alapa^oensis, sp. nov.

Fig. I. Antennie of female. Fig. 3. Claw of the same.

" 2. Leg of same. " 4. Anal ring of the same.

• I902.] Smith : Nkw Xoctuid/F.. 33

Astero'tcaniiivi pustulans (Ckll.).

g. S-jJI-ast abdominal segment. Fig. lo. Last abdominal segment of the

" 6. Marginal pits of the same. ^ane.

" 7. Ventral aspect of first stage. " 11. Pupa $.

" 8. Antenna of the same.

Lecaniint httnispharUum Targ.
Fig. 12. Antenna of the female. Fig. 15. Marginal spines of the same.

" 13. Posterior margin of the female. " 16. Leg of the same ;*, claw.
" 14. Pits of the same

Plate V.

Lecanium hesperidum L. var. paiificuni, var. nov.

Fig. 17. Ventral aspect of female. Fig. 20. Spines of the anterior incision.

" iS. Antenna of the -same. " 21. Anal plate of the same.

" 19. Marginal spines of the same. " 22. Leg of the same ; a, claw.

Aspidiotus latania Sig^.
Fig. 23. Female; a, antenna of same. Fig. 24. Ventral aspect of the last abdo-
minal segment of the female.

Aspidiotus smilacis Comst.
Fig. 25. Female. fig 26. a, b, ventral aspect of. the last

abdominal segment of the female.

NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUIDiE FOR 1902.

By John B. Smith, Sc. D.

This is the first .of a series of descriptive papers based upon ma-
terial that has accumulated in my collection or has been sent in by
cof-respondents. As the drawers are rearranged from time to time
the doubtful specimens are separated out until such period as further
accessions definitely determine their status. Then descriptions are
made as time allows and of those that are presented here, some were
written five or six months ago.

It has not been until within very recent times that entomologists
have appreciated fully the importance of accurate data concerning
localities and dates of captures, and of good series of "common"
species from all sections. Perhaps nowhere more clearly than in the
Noctuids can formative species be studied when sufficient material is
at hand. Species that have been in the past accepted as identical
with European forms have shown, on closer study, divergencies that

34 Journal New York EntoiMOLogical Society. [Voi. x.

have authorized new specific names : varieties from other faunal regions
within our own borders have shown constant characters that have made
their real status a matter of serious question, and the collector who,
now-a days, fails to secure a good series of all the " common " species
within his reach fails to grasp the opportunity to contribute towards
an answer to the question, " What is a species ?"

My greatest difficulty has been, of late, to get such "common
species," for nobody has them in duplicate : and yet, in such types as
Agrotis {N'oc/i/a) nibifera, perconflua and allies we find the influence
of locality most strongly marked and the range o!" variation in macula-
tion, as compared with sexual divergence most markedly illustrated.

In other words, one male and one female from any given locality
may, but do not necessarily, illustrate a species. One hundred speci-
mens of each sex may illustrate the species as it occurs in one locality,
but they do not necessarily illustrate the range of the species. We
have always admitted that genera were matters of individual opinion.
I am not ready to say as much for species ; but I do claim that we
cannot say positively what is a species and what is a local variety until
we have an abundance of material from each of the localities concerned.
Furthermore, my studies seem to lead to the conclusion that there are
very few species, comparatively, that occur unmodified in two or more
real faunal regions. We may have closely allied, or representative
species and we do undoubtedly have some widely distributed forms
that hold their characteristics under the most divergent conditions ;
but as a rule si)ecimens from well-defined faunal regions must be very
closely compared before they can be said to be certainly the same.

Euthyatira pennsylvanica, var. nov.

In the course of a paper on the geographical distribution of North
American Lepidoptera, Mr. Grote referred (Can. Ent., XVIII, p. 215)
to a form of Thvatira pudens found in Anticosti. In a footnote he
adds: "This variety is worthy of a distinct name, and in my second
Check List of N. Am. Noct. (MSS.) I have called it anticostiensis.
The moth is grayer, more hoary, the pink color has faded. Mr. Wm.
Couper has taken this form on the island." In the text he refers to
the matter in this wise : " From what I have seen I think that Thyaiira
pudens, found on Anticosti, has become grayer, the pink spots less
vivid than on the mainland ; the darkening by mixture of color,
noticeable in polar species, has here taken place."

March, iyo2.1 SmITH: NkW NoCTUID,«. 35

This is clear and there can be no sort of doubt of the character of
the variation which Mr. Grote intended to name. I have seen just
this sort of change in other species, but not in pudens. During the
year or two last past, Mr. H. D. Merrick, of New Brighton, Pennsyl-
vania, has taken a considerable number of specimens, to which, in
some way, the name aiiticosticnsis came to be applied. It differs from
the type form in lacking the pink shades entirely, and in having the
normal maculation more complete and more clearly written. The
ground color is also richer and more intense than in the type form, so
that, when 1 had only a single specimen I strongly suspected a new
species. Mr. Merrick has taken so many examples however, in com-
pany with the normal form and under conditions which convinced him
that copulation between the two had taken place, that the relation be-
tween the two remains hardly doubtful. It is certainly a strongly
marked departure from the type and therefore entitled to a varietal
name which I derive from the locality. It is of course probable that
the same form occurs elsewhere, but its local abundance at this point
deserves recognition.

Dates of capture range from April 29th to May 5th, and the species
is thus an early flier.

Cyathissa pallida, sp. nov.

Ground color white with a faint creamy tinge. Head and thorax concolorous, the
posterior thoracic tuft tipped with pale rusty brown. A short rusty basal streak, em-
phasized by a few black scales ; but not prominent. Basal line marked by a few rusiy
costal scales only. T. a. line geminate, incomplete, rusty luteous, a little angulated
below the cell, then almost evenly oblique to the inner margin : in the submedian in-
terspace the inner line is emphasized by black scales. S. t. line not defined. The
ordinary spots are not defined. The upper half of the median space is pale slate
gray, and out of this shade is cut a large oblong white spot, extending from costa into
the median cell and well defined by darker scales. A slaty gray shading also extends
through the s. t. space, narrowly bordering the t. p. line to the angle, where the
shade expands and extends to the anal angle, leaving free a semicircular area on the
inner margin beyond the t. p. line : this area is faintly yellow-tinged. There is also
a vague slaty shading within the excised outer margin below apex. Secondaries
white, immaculate. Beneath white, with a vague creamy tinge along the costal area.
Expands I inch = 25 mm.

Habitat. — Walters Station, California, in April (George S.
Hutson).

Has the peculiar pallid desert appearance and is represented by
one good female. It seems to be fully congeneric with the Texan
percara and the type of maculation is identical ; but this is a larger

36 Journal New York: Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

species and the color is totally different. There is no trace of green
anywhere and, as the specimen was perfectly fresh when "received and
had not been exposed to light, I do not think there ever was any. It
is an interesting occurrence and adds a mate to a species that has been
long solitary in our lists.

Noctua spreta, sp. nov.

Size and form of luhricans, for which it is readily mistaken. The obvious difter-
ence is in the absence of all black markings on the collar. Ground color a fawn
gray, with a variable admixture of reddish, changing the dominant tint. Basal line
single, marked by a black bar across the costal region, then broken and obscure or
altogether lost. T. a. line also single, variably indicated, sometimes lost, usually
traceable below the median vein, never complete. T. p. line single, usually marked
on the costa only, sometimes traceable for its full course as a smoky, evenly outcurved
line which is a very little lunulated between the veins. The outer portion of the wing
is usually a little darker, and in this the s. t. line may or may not be marked by
whitish dots. So there may be also a blackish shading on the costa preceding this
line. An obscure, lunulated, terminal line is indicated. None of the markings above
described are prominent or contrasting, and all is obscure, powdery.

In some examples a reddish median line is traceable. Orbicular wanting. Reni-
form marked by black scales or small irregular spots ; not outlined. Secondaries
smoky in both sexes, darker in the female, a little paler basally. Head a little paler
gray in front ; sides of palpi blackish. E.xpands i. 30-1. 50 inches = 33-37 mm.

Habitat. — Hastings, Florida.

Four males and six females from Mr. George Franck, in fair con-
dition. The line of variation has been indicated, and the specimens
before me range from almost immaculate to one in which all the de-
scribed maculation is easily visible.

Feltia subgothica Ha^v.

The rearrangement of my Agrotid series brought to light certain
examples from British Columbia, Vancouver and Washington, that did
not appear to be specifically identical with the eastern form. The
specimens ran larger, the markings seemed better defined and the reni-
form tended to become upright, not kidney-shaped or even oval. With
this was also a more or less marked discoloration, the spot in some ex-
amples being of a uniform, discolorous, pale yellow. I suspected the
latter of being evanidalis Grt. , but the antennae are not more obviously
pectinated than in the eastern form.

Finally I wrote to my correspondents for specimens, and bought a
lot from Mr. George Franck, so that I now have before me a series of
over 100 selected examples ranging in locality from the Atlantic to the

March. 1902.] SmITH : NeW NoCTUIU.'E. 37

Pacific, from Calgary, Alberta, to Hot Springs, New Mexico, and
"Texas." I have none from any part of California, but have exam-
ples from Corvallis, Oregon ; Seattle and Pullman, Washington ; and
several points on Vancouver Island.

I have arranged these again and again in different ways, using first
one character and then another as basis, and have failed at last to
convince myself that there is more than one species, though the ex-
tremes differ markedly. Nowhere, however, is there any tendency
toward either fricosa or hcrilis and the validity of the species as dis-
tinct from them is abundantly confirmed. Neither antennal nor geni-
talic structure give us any assistance. There is a little difference, ap-
parently, in the length or thickness of the former as a whole, and of
the lateral processes of the joints, but not more than is within specific
range. In fact, two specimens most nearly alike and from identical
localities sometimes showed greater differences than the most unlike
examples from opposite sides of the continent. The genitalic structure
of the male is absolutely identical.

Taken as a whole examples from the Pacific Coast and from Calgary
are larger and seem more robust, especially in the male. In my
eastern series the males as a whole are smaller and slighter than the
females. In the Oregon, Vancouver and Washington series the males
were uniformly larger than the females. There are of course small
males and large females, but the average is as I stated.

In the color of the secondaries the range is from almost uniform
wJiite to an even smoky black, in both sexes ; though the females
rarely have clean secondaries. All intermediate forms are found, from
the narrow dusky margin to the complete domination of the darker
color. The costa, subterminal and internal regions may be bright
yellowish gray and contrasting, or they may be even, smoky, without
any relief.

The orbicular varies little : it may be darker or lighter than the
costa and may be rounded or angulated at the bottom. The reniform
varies more, in color and in form As to form it is normally kidney-
shaped, of moderate size and well proportioned. Sometimes it
broadens and the outer margin becomes straight. Then it may narrow
and the curves become intensified : or it may become upright, losing
all curve, or becoming a long oval. Normally the spot is annulate
with yellowish, the center reddish or brown, with a narrow, yellow,
central line. This mav become uniform, the central line being lost ;

38 Journal New York Entomological Societv. [Voi. x.

or it may become much more distinctly emphasized giving rise to
greater contrast, or the entire center may be discolored, either reddish
or bright yellow.

Altogether there is much more variation than in many other
species that look less alike, and there is good evidence of a beginning
racial separation. The simplicity and uniformity of the sexual
structures tend to prevent fixity in such variations as do occur, and
allow only such differences as the relative size of the sexes to become
at all permanent.

Feltia edentata, sp. nov.

Has the general appearance and size of tficosa Lintner. Head smoky above,
reddish-gray inferiorly. Palpi smoky at the sides. Collar smoky brown from base to
a black line above the middle then with a whitish, brown and whitish line to the tip.
Patagise gray, and brown mottled ; disc of thorax brown, posterior tuft grayish.
Primaries smoky brown, relieved by reddish-gray shadings as follows : over the sub-
costal vein to the cell, not involving the costa which remains smoky ; over the median
vein ; over the claviform and below it to the s. t. line ; and in the s. t. space. The
veins are dark marked through this lighter shading. Basal and transverse anterior
lines reddish-gray, slender, marked only through the submedian interspace. Trans-
verse posterior line marked only by the contrast between the dark median space beyond
the cell and the lighter subterminal space. Subterminal line marked by the contrast
between the evenly dark narrow terminal space, and the paler subterminal space ;
not extending to the pale apex. A series of small black terminal lunules, beyond
which is a yellowish line at the base of the fringes. Claviform long, extending almost
across the median space, black margined, smoky filled, the smoky shade extending to
the base and filling the submedian interspace. Cell before, around and beyond the
ordinary spots, smoky. Orbicular V-shaped, open above, invaded by the reddish-
gray shade on the subcostal, margined by a paler line. Reniform narrow, oblong,
upright, a little wider above, outlined by a reddish-gray annulus, filled with rusty
brown. Secondaries soiled yellowish white at base, darkening to a smoky outer
border. A yellow line at base of fringes which are pale, with a smoky interline.
Beneath, primaries smoky, becoming yellowish along inner margin ; secondaries
whitish, powdered along the costal region with a large apical cloud which is usual in
this series. Expands 37 mm. := 1.50 inches.

Habitat. — Pullman, Washington, August 13.

A single male, found mixed with a lot of unspread specimens of
subgothica. From that species it is at once separable by the lack of
the dents or rays extending through the terminal space. It is thus in
reality a nearer ally of tricosa Lintner. It differs by the dark costa, by
the shape of the reniform and by the course of the transverse posterior
and subterminal lines so far as these are traceable. The antennae are
quite strongly brush-like, the lateral processes from the joints quite

March, 1902.] SmITH : NeW NOCTUID/E. 39

long, the bristle tufting well-marked. In the actual arrangement of
these tufts it is nearer to subgothica than to tricosa. It is probable
that other examples occur, confused under another specific name.

Luperina trigona, sp. nov.

Ground color a dull, pale luteous, variably irrorate with deep smoky brown.
Head and thorax concolorous with either the light or the darker parts of the wings.
Primaries with costa, terminal space, and a broad band along the internal margin
luteous, leaving a contrasting dark brown triangle which touches the outer margin
only at the costa in the s. t. space. The median lines are lost. S. t. line marked
by the contrasting colors, and by a series of darker, more velvety brown spots. A
series of very small, powdery, blackish, interspacial terminal lunules. Median vein
to the end of cell a little luteous. Orbicular small, variable in shape, luteous. Reni-
form moderate, upright, a little constricted, incompletely outlined, luteous, partly
brown tilled inferiorly. Secondaries pale luteous, the disk a little smoky in the female.
Beneath pale luteous, disk a little smoky, all wings with a narrow darker lunule.
Expands I.60-1.80 inches ^= 40-45 mm.

Habitat. — Smith County, Tenn., August 6, 7, 21.

Two males and two females in fair condition only, of this remark-
able species are before me, through the kindness of Mr. Stanley T.
Kemp, of Elizabeth. It is allied most nearly to passer, but is a much
more robust species. There is absolutely no danger of mistaking this
species and that it should so long have evaded discovery I cannot
understand. I know nothing of the country where it was taken or 01
the circumstances of its capture.

Hadena miseloides G/i.

In looking over a long series of specimens of this species to deter-
mine the range of variation to be represented in the collection, I
noticed that certain Texan examples did not seem to fit anywhere
satisfactorily, so, by the courtesy of Dr. Dyar, I secured such as were
represented in the U. S. National Museum from that State ; in all six
specimens. All are females, unfortunately, and while their association
with the normal form of the species is obviously indicated, they offer
certain characteristic features that indicate a well-marked geographical
race, at least.

Compared with a series of 15 female examples within the normal
range of variation, the Texans ranged an average of 32 mm. in ex-
panse against 34 mm. in the others. None of them had the brilliant
mossy green powderings of the typical form. Two specimens had an
obviously green shading, but much reduced in extent and not at all

40 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

prominent. Two have no trace of green whatever and on two others
it is reduced to mere indications. The ordinary markings, perhaps as
the result of the more even color, seem to be more even and better
defined ; this is especially true of the median shade line. The s. t.
line is more even, better defined, and in all cases there is an obvious
terminal space not invaded to the margin by extensions from the s. t.
space. A blackish bar extends from anal angle through submedian
interspace almost or quite to the t. p. line. This is more or less in-
dicated in some examples of the type form in a diffused shading which
does not extend within the s. t. line. Finally there is a distinct bar
from the end of the claviform to the t. p. line which is also diffusedly
indicated in the type.

I do not think we have to do with a good species here ; but it is
a well-marked geographical race which deserves a name that it may
receive further attention from collectors. As such I propose the term
Hadeua miscelhis. Two examples only have definite localities ; Waco,
Texas, September i ; FSlanco County, Texas, no date ; two others are
from Belfrage, May 4 and April 20. The others are marked Texas
only, without other indication.

A good series, including males would be very desirable.

Hadena macerata, sp. nov.

Resembles w/.f.'-A'/r/i'.v in wing form, type of maciilation and general coloration.
Head mottled with green, yellow and blackish scales. Collar deep brown at base,
mossy yellowish green above, a blackish line through the center of this shade-
Thoracic disc mottled with greenish-yellowish, white and black, posterior tuft yellow
tipped. Abdomen smoky gray, tufts prominent and more ashen gray. Primaries
irregularly mottled with mossy yellow and greenish scales, the former predominating;
all the ordinary markings broken and obscured except for the very large, white reni-
'orm. The basal line extends across the wing, is geminate, broken, best marked on
the submedian vein where a black tooth is sent in to the base from the inner i:)art of
the line. T. a. line so badly broken as to Ije obscure, but as a whole it is a little out-
curved. T. p. line geminate, ouier line broken, obscure, gray ; inner line black, less
broken ; somewliat .squarely exserted over the cell thence rather evenly oblique to the
inner margin. The space between the median lines is the darkest part of the wing,
becoming blackish below the cell and between the ordinary spots, while costal region
and internal margins are mottled. On the costal region a black median shade is
clearly marked, e.xtending obliquely between the ordinary spots, angled below the
reniform, thence direct to inner margin where it again becomes obvious. Claviform
small, ]iointed, black, a black shade extending from it through submedian interspace,
to t. p. line. Orl:)icular oval, obliiiue, annulate with white, mossy filled, variable in
size. Reniform large, subtjuadrate, the angles rounded, contrasting white. S. t.
space with grayish rays extending from t. p. line toward outer margin ; in part met by

March, iyo2.] SmITH : NeW NoCTUlD.li. 41

similar rays from outer margin^ breaking up the space into more or less complete oval
blotches. No complete s. t. line, and only indications are found of what normally
occurs. Fringes brown, cut with whitish on the veins. Secondaries smoky, tending
to become paler toward base. Beneath powdery ; primaries smoky on the disc, termi-
nal space paler, a broad blackish cloud at middle of costa and a broad, powdery, ob-
scure extra-median band. Secondaries paler with broad inner and extra median
powdery blackish bands and a discal spot. Expanse, 32 mm. = 1.28 inches.

Habitat. — Cartwright, Manitoba, July 1 1 ; Winnipeg, Manitoba,
July 7.

Two females from Mr. Heath and Mr. Hanham, respectively.
They resemble a very much mottled miseloides and so I took them to
be when first received. Comparing with a large series of the old
species, however, showed that this was a specific character, emphasized
by the absence of the s. t. line and other minor features. It is prob-
able that the white contrasting reniform may be absent in some ex-
amples as it is not infrequently in miseloides. It is another of those
cases of a representative species of which we have had so many of late
years from this same locality.

Hadena unicincta, sp. nov.

Ground color bluish ash gray, with blackish powderings, the veins of primaries
all blackish. Head and thorax concolorous, patagife a little smoky at the base of the
wings. A distinct, slender black streak extends from the base through the submedian
interspace to the transverse anterior line. T. a. line marked only by a geminate
lunule between internal vein and inner margin. Transverse posterior line single,
black, obscure over the cell where it is squarely exserted, well marked below vein 2
to the inner margin, rigid, followed by a white shade. This is the most prominent bit
of wing ornamentation and gives the name to the species. S. t. line practically obso-
lete. A broken blackish, terminal line. Claviform large, broad, concolorous, out-
ined by a distinct narrow black line which is not entirely complete. Orbicular large,
oval, oblique, almost or quite touching the reniform inferiorly, narrowly black ringed,
whitish filled. Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, outwardly not defined, in-
wardly well margined by a black line, whitish filled, but merging outwardly into the
ground. Secondaries even, smoky pale gray, with a tendency to white at the base.
Heneath, pale' gray, powdery. Expands 37 mm. = 1.50 inches.

Habitat. — Soda Springs, August 27, California; Sierra Nevada,
California, two female examples.

The specimen from Sierra Nevada is type No. 4949 of the U. S.
National Museum, and both came through Mr. Henry Edwards, years
ago and at quite different times. It is a well and simply marked form
which is not easily mistaken. In its wing form it is allied to diversi-
color Morr., the type of maculation being also similar, or yet more
nearly like elaudeiis. In the absence of a male it is not possible to

42 Journal New York Entomoi.o(;ical Society. [Voi. x.

say with certainty that the insect does not belong with Xylophasia, but
I deem it unlikely.

Mamestra circumvadis, sp. nov.

(iround color white, mottled or overlaid by grayish-yellow or olivaceous shades
and tints. Front of head and sides of palpi lirownish ; vertex white, a black line
between the bases of the antentuM. Collar white, with a luteous band near tip and
some black scales laterally. Thorax white, speckled with olivaceous : dusky line
behind the collar, a similar line on the disc of the patagia' and at the base of the
wings. Abdomen smoky. Tarsi obscurely white ringed. Primaries somewhat
blotchy in appearance, but with all the normal maculation present and well defined.
IJasal line geminate, the inner portion black, outer brown, lunulate in the interspaces :
continued below the median vein by a subquadrate black spot above and a curved
black mark below the internal vein. The basal space is mostly whitish, i)ut becomes
olivaceous toward the t. a. line. T. a. line geminate, nearly upright, a little out-
curved in the interspaces, the outer portion black in the cell and in the submedian
interspace ; obscure below the internal vein, where the margin is whitish almo.st to
the anal angle. T. p. line geminate, squarely exserted over the cell, inwardly ob-
lique and a little incurved below : inner line black, lunulate, the points well marked
on the veins. The median shade line is marked on the costa between the ordinary
spots, below which it runs close to the t. p. line ; visible only in the pale areas of
the median space which are just below the cell and along the inner margin. S. t.
line white, a little irregular, edges not sharply defined, preceded by prominent, sagit-
tate black spots in the third, fourth and fifth interspaces. I.ow-er part of the s. t.
space whitish. Terminal space evenly olivaceous gray. A series of small black,
interspacial, terminal lunulas, beyond which tiie pale interlined fringes are cut with
brown. Claviform short, broad, incompletely outlined by Ijlack scales. Orbicular
large, nearly round, white, with a difiluse luteous gray center. Keniform large, wide,
broadly white ringed, the center somewhat paler than the rest of the dark wing shad-
ing. Secondaries smoky, blackish, paler at base, with an extra-median Hark line, u
vague discal lunule and white interlined fringes. ]ieneath with an almost unifoi m
smoky suffusion over a white base : an outer transverse line and a discal lunule being
more obvious on the secondaries. Ex])ands 1. 36 inches = 34 mm.

Habitat. — Head of Pine Creek, Calgary, Alberta, July 21, 1900,
Mr. Dod (No. 31).

This striking s])ecies was first sent me by Mr. Dod in December,
1900, and was returned to him as probably new. It was again sent
me in 1901, still unique, and is now described from the female only —
a fine, almost perfect example.

This species is robust, with quadrate heavy thorax, short triangular
wings, and is allied to chaitaria and defessa.
Mames'ra vau-orbicularis, sp nov.

(iround color an obscure, gray, luteous firown, with smoky and blackish shades
and powderings Head with the vertex a little darker, ('ollar with a broad, dusky,

March, i<i02.] SmITH : Nf.W NoCTUID/E. 43

median transverse band. Thorax with patagias scantily powdered with l)lackish
scales. Abdomen uniform, only a little paler than general ground. Primaries with
all the ordinary maculation present but, except for the ordinary spots, not contrasting
or prominently defined. Basal line geminate, blackish, with a sharp outward angle on
the subcostal. On the internal vein, just beyond the termination of the basal line, is
a black spot which extends obliquely upward toward the costal inception of the t. a.
line ; but is diffuse and becomes lost in the cell. T. a. line geminate, almost evenly
oblique outwardly. The component lines are slender, the outer blackish and marked
by a larger spot on costa, scarcely complete ; the inner is hardly defined except on
costa, and by the somewhat yellowish included space. T. p. line geminate, only a
little outcurved over the reniform and then almost evenly oblique to the inner margin.
The inner line is blackish, slender, crenulate ; the outer is composed of black, followed
by yellowish venular dots. The included space is yellowish. Median shade broad,
diffuse, smoky, outwardly oblique from costa between the ordinary spots, involving
the reniform inferiorly ; thence inward, parallel with and close to the t. p. line, to the
inner margin. S. t. line yellowish, very even except for a jog on vein 7, emphasized
by preceding, diffuse blackish spots. A series of small, black, terminal lunulas.
Fringes yellowish, with a smoky interline. Claviform wanting. Orbicular small,
concolorous, open above, outlined by a black V, which forms the most prominent fea-
ture in the maculation. Reniform upright, long, narrow, somewhat crescent-shaped,
incomplete above and below, the sides with a black margin, within which is a narrow
yellow line. Secondaries dull smoky fuscous, a little paler and more transparent at
base. Beneath, smoky with a yellowish tinge, powdery, with a common outer line
which is incomplete on the primaries, and a discal spot which is well marked only on
the secondaries. Expands 1. 40 inches =^ 35 mm.

Habitat. — Corvallis, Oregon, June 21, 1900, Professor Washburn.

A single male in good condition. The antennae are feebly ciliated
only. The legs are densely clothed with long, divergent scales ; but
there appear to be no true tuftings. The species belongs with noverca
and g(>ode//i in type of maculation ; but it is larger and more robust
than either. The thorax is quadrate, the vestiture rather loose, the
divided crest and the patagife are both well marked. At first sight
the species recalls an Hadena of the binotata series, but the eyes are
obviously hairy. The characteristic V-mark will serve to identify the
species readily.
Oncocntmis balteata, sp. nov.

Head gray ; white with black scales intermixed : a blackish line across the front,
another between the antennse. Thorax rusty luteous, with white scales intermixed :
collar with alternating black and white lines, tipped with luleous. Primaries ru.sty
luteous at extreme base, darkening rapidly to a .smoky brown which extends to the
middle of the wing. This is followed I'V a broad whitish band, which outwardly
merges through luteous into a dark, smoky, terminal .space. The ordinary maculation
is more or less clearly marked in all these spaces. P.asal line geminate, marked across
the costal region only. T. a. line geminate, dark smoky, a little oblique and with

44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

small outward bends in the interspaces. T. p. line geminate on costa only, thence
narrow, single, broken, luteous, squarely exserted over the cell and deeply incurved
beneath. This line runs entirely through the white area and is not at all well-marked.
S. t. line very close to the outer margin, broken, very irregular, marked partly by
white scale lunules, partly by preceding or following irregular black spots. A broken,
black terminal line. Fringes brown at base ; outer half alternately cut with brown
and white. Claviform a very small black loop, filled with white scales. Orbicular
small, round, black ringed, with a white inner annulus and a small brown central dot.
Reniform rather large, kidney-shaped, very imperfectly outlined by luteous scales, the
whole macula being included in the white band. Secondaries white, a little luteous
at base, with a broad black marginal band and white fringes. Beneath white with
a broad black marg-'nal band. Primaries smoky in the costal region and toward base:
fringes interlined and cut with black and white. Secondaries black-powdery on
costa toward base, with a small black discal dot and with white fringes. Expands
I inch -= 25 mm.

Habitat. — Poncha Springs, Colorado, August 14th, Oslar.

One male in good condition. It belongs to the levis series, in
which the fringes are long and the outer black band of the secondaries
is defined. When spread there appears a continuous white band
across both wings somewhat as \n fasciata : but this is a smaller species
and quite distinct.

Oncocnemis regina, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and primaries very pale a.shen gray with a yellowish tinge. Head
and base of collar with a somewhat reddish shade, the thoracic parts speckled with
black scales. Primaries with all the maculation present, but with a washed-out,
faded, powdery appearance. Basal line feebly traceable, single. T. a. line single,
narrow, brown, even, with an even outcurve. T. p. line blackish, single, irregularly
dentate, broadly outcurved over the cell and a little incurved below ; followed by a
creamy yellow shade which is the palest portion of the primary. Through the center
of the wing is a broad, vague, diffuse brown band. The s. t. line consists of yellow-
ish preceded by blackish scales, which emphasize the line and then fade into the s. t.
space, which, as a whole, is darker than the terminal space. The latter is a very finely
powdered creamy gray. Fringes yellowish, with brown lunules opposite the veins.
Claviform wanting. Orbicular round, moderate in size, with a broad yellowish an-
nulus ; the center of the ground color. Reniform moderate in size, broadly kidney-
shaped, yellow, with a central darker shading. Secondaries washed-out yellow, with
abroad black border, the fringes yellow. Beneath, both wings yellow, with broad
black borders and yellow fringes. Expands 1.12 inches = 28 mm.

ffabitat. — Reg'ma, N. \V. T. , 1S86, Dr. James Fletcher.

A single male, in poor condition, but with the wings of one side
nearly perfect. I have had it in my collection for years, awaiting a
mate ; but up to the |)resent time none has appeared. The species is
much paler and has a more faded, washed-out ap])earance than any
other of the yellow-winged forms.

March, 1902.] Smith : New Xoctuidk. 45

Helotropha obtusa, sp. nov.

Dark suiuky brown, almost blackish Aiitennie whitish above, distinctly reddish
below. Head and thorax concolorous save that the tips of collar and thoracic tuftings
are somewhat lighter brown. Abdomen uniformly smoky. Basal line obscurely
marked, consisting of a very narrow black, preceded by an equally narrow pale shad-
ing. T. a. line geminate, well removed from base, outwardly oblique, even, the inner
line narrow, black, the outer lost in the black median space. T. p. line geminate,
even, obtusely curved over cell, then evenly oblique below, to the hind margin close
to the point reached by the t. a. line. The median space is thus V-shaped and this is
black or blackish-brown below the median vein ; towards costa and in the cell where
it is broken by the ordinary spots the shade lightens a little, but continues darker than
the rest of the wing. S. t. line very narrow, rivulous, composed of whitish scales,
more or less relieved by dusky preceding and following shades. Apex gray powdered.
A series of black, interspacial terminal lunules. Fringes smoky brown, with a yellow
line at base, and cut with yellow opposite the veins. A very short, broad claviform
is outlined in black scales. Median vein marked with pale scales through the dark
median space, and these scales are continued on veins 3 and 4 from the forking to the
s. t. space. Orbicular small, oval, olilique, of the ground color, very narrowly out-
lined by pale scales. Reniform upright, inferiorly dilated and indefined, of the ground
color, defined by a very narrow pale line except as above stated. Secondaries dark
smoky, a narrow extra-median line and a discal lunule being faintly traceable. Be-
neath smoky, very powdery, with a large discal spot and sometimes an extra-median
line on the secondaries. The primaries in one case have also a vague discal spot.
Expands I.12-I.32 inches 3= 28-33 '""'■•

Habitat. — Ashleys Ferry, Clareiiiont, N. H., August 17, 1901,
September 3, 1900, Mr. Foster.

Three males and one female, the former the smaller examples,
none of which are really good.

The species is so utterly unlike any other known to me that I sus-
pected a foreign origin when the first example came into my hands.
It is perhaps questionable whether the species can remain in Helo-
tropha ; but the peculiar type of maculation allies it to Euplexia,
which it also resembles in wing-form, while in other respects the
structural details point to remformis which is resembled by the new
form in the shape of the ordinary spots and the whitish markings of
the median vein and its branches.

The specimens were communicated by Mr. F. H. Foster.

Eucalyptera strigata, sp. nov.

Ground color creamy white or yellowish, varying a little in tint, and variably
black or brown speckled. Head below the frontal tuft, the sides of the palpi and
the anterior legs deep brown. Primaries with a broad somewhat diffuse blackish
streak thrc.ugh the center of the wing, not quite reaching the base and usually fading
out just short of the outer margin . Two small black points indicate the ordinary spots.

46 JOURNAL New York Entomological Society. [v.,i. x.

T. p. line indicated by a curved series of smoky venular points. A series of smoky,
terminal, interspacial marks. The brown or blackish powdering on the primaries
tends to darken the apical and terminal regions of the wing. Secondaries paler
creamy, tending to dusky toward the apex. Beneath yellowish, primaries with a vari
able smokv suffusion ; either a vague reproduction of the upper striga or involving the
entire disc. Kxpands .90-1.30 inches ^= 23-32 mm.

Habitat. — Hackley, Texas, May 29; September i-io.

Three male.'^ and six females from Mr. George Franck, who has
others. The collector and the conditions under which they were col-
lected are unknown to me. The species differs obviously from the
other described forms by the continuous central streak and punctiform
t. p. line. The males are smaller throughout and have the antennae
lengthily ciliated. The females vary more than the males, not only
in size, but in relative distinctness of maculation. In the series before
me the smallest female is as large as the largest male.

Platysenta albipuncta, sp. nov.

Resembles videns in appearance, but is paler, not so reddish, not so glossy in ap-
pearance and is more contrastingly marked. (General color a faintly-reddish gray,
more or less powdered with black. Head irrorated with white scales. Collar more
or less obviously tipped with white scales. Disc of thorax with a slight admixture of
whitish scales, giving it a hoary appearance in good specimens. Primaries with a
diffuse, blackish, powdery shade extending over the median vein, to or beyond the t.
p. line and, in some specimens, expanding so as to take in the darker terminal space.
In this dusky shading which is ihe dominant feature of the maculation, the orbicular
is variably indicated. Sometimes it is scarcely traceable ; sometimes a narrow circle
of white scales ; sometimes a concolorous disc of the ground color without powdering,
and this may or may not have a smoky center. The reniform consists of a prominent
white spot at the lower outer angle of the median cell, supplemented by scattered
white scales superiorly. T. a. line is completely traceable in one example as a narrow,
broken, outcurved, interrupted smoky line ; but is more usually indicated by venular
dots or is entirely wanting. T. p. line is a curved series of venular blackish dots,
followed and sometimes preceded by white scales. This also varies in distinctness ;
but is always traceable and usually obvious. The veins here are also more or less
speckled with white scales giving a somewhat hoary appearance. The veins are
otherwise smoky, darker outwardly. A black terminal line, and from this a dusky
shade may extend inwardly a variable distance. Fringes smoky or blackish, narrowly
cut with white and with a white dot at the base on the veins. Secondaries, white in
the male, or little yellowish soiled in the female, outer margin narrowly dusky, broader
on costa. Beneath, primaries gray, powdery, with a more or less obvious smoky outer
line. Secondaries powdery along costal margin only, and with a small discal dot
which may be wanting. Expands I.12-1.25 inches = 28-31 mm.

Habitat. — Harris Co., Texas (Franck) ; Colorado Springs, VIII,
5, Colorado (Oslar).

March. 1902.] SmITH : NeW NOCTUID/E. 47

Nine examples all males, and all save one from Texas. The
specimen from Colorado Springs has been in collection for some time
and was associated with 7'idens. To the latter the new species is really
very close and, without so many examples of both forms as are before
me for comparison, I would hesitate about making the separation.

Taeniocampa alurina, sp. no v.

Ground color of the usual dusty fawn Ijrowii, resembling alia at first sight and
referable to the same group. Head and thorax concolorous. Antennae of the male
with short lateral processes, scarcely to be called pectinations yet more than the lateral
projections present in alia : the processes bristled as usual.

Primaries sparsely powdered, less irrorate than alia, the median lines single and
fairly marked. Basal line present, single, smoky, not prominent, very close to the
root of the wing. T. a. line smoky brown, single, a little diffuse, only a very little
outcurved. T. p. line single, smoky brown, cjuite well marked, a little outcurved
over the reniform, a little incurved below. On. close examination it is seen that this
line is very finely crenulate, with small black dotlels on the veins ; but the crenulations
are filled in by the smoky shade so that it appears as a single, rather thick smoky line.
S. t. line narrow, yellowish, irregular, fairly complete in two out of the three examples
before me, preceded by a variable s. t. shade which may have a tinge of red. A
series of smoky interspacial terminal spots which may be distinct or barely traceable.
.\ difiuse median shade darkens the reniform and may or may not cross the wmg.
Orbicular round or nearly so, concolorous, obscurely defined by a very narrow slightly
paler ring. Reniform moderate in size, only a little excavate outwardly, narrowly
outlined in yellowish, darker than the ground. A somewhat reddish shade over the
cell. Secondaries a paler reddish-gray, smoky outwardly, with a vague discal spot.
Beneath reddish-gray, powdery ; with a variably complete outer common line and a
discal spot on each wing. Expands 1.30-I.45 inches = 33-36 mm.

Habitat. — Near Chicago, Illinois, April 27, 28, A. Kwiat.

Three male examples sent in by Mr. Kwiat and representing all his
captures. Two of the examples are dated in 1900 and are very much
alike ; the third is dated in 1901 and resembles alia more closely than
either of the others. Had I received this example first, I would prob-
ably have put it down as being a slight variation of the common form.

Compared with alia it is less powdery ; it is somewhat smaller, the
median lines obvious in all cases, which is contrary to what occurs in
alia. Finally, the genital structure of the niale is distinctive, resem-
bling the European incerta more than the American representative.
The harpes are broadly oval, the tip evenly rounded ; clasper single,
long, very stout, sharply drawn out at tip, strongly curved, without
an accessory process at base. Compared with the figures given in my
revision of To'niocampa, the differences pointed out will appear
obvious.

48 Journal New York En iomui.ogical Sociktv. [Voi. x.

It is not improbable that examples of this species may be confused
with alia in collections from the same faunal region.

Podagra, gen. nov.

Eyes naked, hemispherical, not prominent. Antennae in both sexes simple.
Head moderate in size, the front protuberant a trifle excavated centrally, with a
small conical median process and yet smaller lateral projections. Palpi small, not
e.xceeding the front ; terminal joint small, obtuse. Vestiturj scaly. 'Ihorax with
the patagise marked, a little uplifted. I-egs moderate except the anterior, which
have the femora and tibiiie enlarged or dilated. Posterior tibia; with a few spinules
between the usual spurs ; median moderately spinulate throughout ; anterior some-
what abljreviated, intlated and with the upper surface closely set with prominent,
stout spines which are long, et[ual in diameter and bluntly terminated. Primaries
trigonate, costa obviously depressed beyond the middle, apices well marked, outer
margin evenly rounded, the fringes a little dentate opposite the veins.

The genus is unique in the armature of the fore tibiaj, and should
be readily recognized.

Podagra crassipes, sp. nov.

Ground color of head, thorax and primaries a pale ashen gray with a clay yellow
or reddish-yellow shading. Head and collar luteous or pinkish. Head in front and
sides of palpi with black powderings. Thorax with black powderings which are
massed on the patagi;ii, on the posterior tuft and, to a less degree, on the disc. Ab-
domen evenly creamy yellowish. Primaries more or less black powdered, with the
luteous or pinkish tinge dominant in the basal and terminal spaces and longitudinally
through the center of the- wing. Basal line wanting or barely indicated on the costa
only. 1. a. line broken, incompletely geminate with a long outward tooth in the
submedian interspace; almost or quite meeting a similar, inward tooth from the t. p.
line. T. p. line geminate, even, broken, well outcurved over the cell, incurved
below, with a more or less well-marked inward tooth to meet that of the t. a. line in
the submedian interspace. The outer portion of the line is most obvious and, next to
this, is the pale included space ; the inner line being chiefly defined by the slight
color contrasts. Except through the cell the median space is blackish, powdered.
S. t. space blackish, powdery except opposite the cell. S. t. line black, broken,
emphasized on the veins which are sometimes black spotted, as a whole almost
evenly oblique. Terminal space evenly tinged or with only the veins marked with
black scales. A series of black, terminal, interspacial lunules, beyond which
the whitish fringes are cut with black. Orbicular a small black dot which is
sometimes wanting. Reniform wanting or very obscure, marked by two minute black
dots or by a vague paler shading which has no definite outlines. Claviform wanting.
Secondaries white in both sexes, with a smoky powdering over the veins outwardly
and with an indefined, powdery discal lunule. Beneath white, more or less powdery:
primaries tending to a pinkish shading, a smoky disk and a blackish costal shade at
{he s. t. line. All wings with a blackish discal lunule. Eegs gray or blackish,
ringed with whitish. Expands .95-1.06 inches = 24-27 mm.

March, 1902.] Smith : New Noctuid^. 49

Habitat. — Quartzsite, Yuma County, Arizona, in March ; Walters
Station, Colorado Desert, California, April 20 (George S. Hutson).

Three males and four females in good condition and very much
alike. It is a typical desert species with the peculiar reddish suffusion
over a gray base and a powdering of black scales over all. I know of
nothing that resembles it closely in appearance and certainly nothing
that has the same generic characters.

Crimona, gen. nov.

Eyes naked, hemispherical, of good size. Head will developed, not prominent ;
front protuberant, roughened, vestiture flattened hair and scales, projecting straight
forward. Palpi not extending beyond the front. Tongue strong. Antennse in the
9 simple— male not at hand. Tibiae not spinose ; anterior short, broad, corneous,
with a single, median, claw-like process ; median normal ; posterior leg aborted, not
more than half developed. Vestiture flattened hair and scales ; patagise marked,
thorax quadrate, a well-marked posterior tuft. Abdomen with small dorsal tufts on
the basal segments. Primaries trigonate, costal margin nearly straight, apices well-
marked, outer margin very oblique, arcuate, with long fringes.

Resembles Oncocnemis somewhat in appearance, but differs in the
abbreviated fore tibia and in the protuberant, rough front. The hind
legs are abnormal in their development, and this feature may be acci-
dental in this example ; but otherwise the insect is perfect, and the
degeneration is perfectly symmetrical. The genus seems not to con-
flict with any other known to me.

Crimona pallimedia, sp. nov.

Ground color a light mottled luteous, varied with ashen gray. Head and collar
pale luteous, with an admixture of white and black scales ; the latter more numer-
ous at the base of the wings. Patagise gray, the disk rather well powdered with
black scales. Thorax centrally luteous, the posterior tuft gray, black powdered.
The small abdominal tufts gray, else that part is very pale yellowish. Primaries with
basal space luteous, a little streaky, the yellowish shade narrowing toward the center
of the wing, but cutting the median space and expanding into the s. t. space which
is completely filled. Basal line wanting. Median lines interrupted. The median
space forms a somewhat elongate, trigonate gray patch on the middle of the inner
margin, and a much larger, triangular, gray area on the costa. These areas are lim-
ited by narrow black lines. Orbicular oval, whitish, with gray center, partly unde-
fined. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, outlined by a narrow black line, pale, with a
gray, powdery center. The terminal space is very narrow, gray, preceded by a pale
diff'use s. t. line, which is inwardly bordered by a darker luteous shading. A black
terminal line, more or less broken on the veins. The fringes mottled, ashen gray.
Secondaries whitish at base, darkening to a smoky extra-median shade : beyond that
is a whitish area which in turn darkens to a smoky border, sharply limited by a black
line at the base of the white fringes. Beneath white, with a broad blackish extra-

50 JouRXAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

median shade band, and discal spots on both wings. Primaries blackish powdered
on costal area. Expands 1. 12 inches = 28 mm.

Habitat. — Walters Station, California, in April (Geo. S. Hutson).

This is a desert species, represented by one female only. It has
somewhat the wings form of Fala ptycophora and belongs to the same
general series with that species. The insect is peculiar in the cutting
of the median space, by which the ba.sal and s. t. spaces are connected.
I know of nothing resembling it nearly enough to cause confusion.

Oxycnemis fusimacula, sp. nov.

Ground color bluish ashen gray, more or less black powdered. Antenna; black
and white ringed. Head and thorax evenly black-speckled, the posterior scale tuft
more blackish at tip. Primaries with the maculation neatly defined, but with a streaky
appearance due to the fact that the veins are generally marked with white scales in
the darker areas and with black scales in the paler areas. Basal space paler than the
rest of the wing. Basal half line black, single, sometimes obscured. T. a. line single,
slender, black, with a prominent outward angulation centrally, and an outward bend
below the internal vein. T. p. line slender, black, its inception on the costa obscured
by a white and black streaking, inwardly oblique, with a somewhat abrupt though
slight incurve below the cell. S. t. line is a diffuse whitish shade from the apex to
the anal angle, irregular and variably defined. An incur\'ed blackish shading starts
from the costa within the apex, crosses the t. p. line, outwardly marks the reniform
and ends on the median vein : forming the most prominently contrasting feature of the
wing. There is a black terminal line, and the long, gray fringes are narrowly cut
with white opposite the veins. Claviform white-ringed, paler than ground, extending
from the angle of the t. a. line nearly or quite across the median space, the pointed
tip often touching the t. p. line. The ordinary spots are fused and margined by a
narrow white line which, at the upper angle of the reniform breaks into a series of
white rays extending to the costa inside of the curved blackish shade already described.
Secondaries white at base, becoming smoky outwardly, more so in the female, the
veins a little soiled. There is a smoky terminal line and the fringes are somewhat
marked with smoky. Beneath, primaries blackish, the fringes prominently cut with
black and white. Secondaries white, a little powdered over costal region. Expands
.90-1.00 inch = 23-25 mm.

Habitat. — Quartzsite, Yuma Co., Arizona, in March ; Walters Sta-
tion, California, in April (George S. Hutson).

One male and seven females in good condition ; all desert collec-
tions. The species is close to advena Grt.; but that species has the
t. a. line upright and the ordinary spots subequal, with included
dots. The prominent angle in the t. a. line of the new species and
the long, fused, white-ringed ordinary spots, will form good distinc-
tive characters. The dark subapical shade is the most obvious feature
and quite characteristic. There is very little variation in the series

March, 1902.] SmITH : New NOCTUID/E. 51

before me — being all a matter of a little more or a little less in some
one or more unimportant features.

Acontia Ochs.

Since my Revision of the species of Acontia only a little over a
year ago (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXVII, pp. 47-84, September, 1900)
I have received much material for determination and otherwise. This
has served to complete sets and to confirm identifications made. It
has also disclosed the existence of four heretofore undescribed species
three of which are here characterized. Of these one, from Lake
Worth, Florida, is due to the untiring work of Mrs. Slosson, who has
discovered so many interesting species in her favorite localities. The
others are from the Southwest. With one exception the examples
described were taken by Mr. George S. Hutson on a prospecting trip
across the desert from Yuma County, Arizona, to San Bernardino
County, California. Exact localities are not available ; but those
marked Quartzsite, Yuma County, Arizona, were taken not far from
that camp, while those marked Walters Station, California, were taken
nearest to that place. In each case the territory was similar, except
in elevation, and quite a number of the species from both localities
proved identical. The character of Mr. Hutson's sendings indicates
the existence of a series of species of which we have thus far only the
merest fragments.

Acontia niveicollis, sp. nov.

Head except extreme base, slaty gray. Collar white at base like the head, else
like the thorax, which is a glistening smoky or slate gray, verging toward deep choc-
olate brown. Abdomen smoky brown above, white beneath. Primaries white,
mottled with slate gray. The white area extends along the costal area and through
the cell to the reniform, broken by a slaty costal spot at the place of the t. a. line.
Below the median vein the wing is slaty gray or blackish to the t. p. line ; broken by
a white transverse line representing the pale included space of the t. a. line. Above
the reniform is a small, quadrate slaty spot, from which the dark gray t. p. line curves
over the cell and forms the apparent outer margin of the reniform. The orbicular is
a small black dot. The reniform is a dark, slate gray, round spot of moderate size,
surrounded by a well-defined white annulus and incompletely gray margined without
that. There is a quadrate white spot on the costa beyond the t. p. line and from the
dark shade which limits this outwardly, arises a slender broken line of gray scales,
parallel to and forming the outer part of the t. p. line. S. t. and terminal spaces
white except at apex, which is slate gray with a brown tinge. The apical dark area
is crossed by the thread like, white s. t. line and emphasized by an oval black spot
and some blue scales. Metallic blue scales are also found in the darker part of the

52 Journal New York Exto.mological Society. [Voi. x.

basal area. Some golden brown .scales are at the extreme apex, extending on to the
fringes at that point. A black terminal line, broken on the veins. Fringes white
except at apex, opposite the cell and at anal angle, where they are slaty gray brown.
Secondaries whitish at base, becoming smoky outwardly. Fringes white, with a
smoky brown line at apex. Beneath, primaries smoky, with a yellowish tinge, costa
whitish with the dark blotches of the upper side more faintly reproduced. Secondaries
whitish with costal margin powdery, outer margin narrowly smoky, and a smoky
discal lunule. Expands .80 inch ^= 20 mm.

Habitat. — Walters Station, California, in March (Geo. S. Hutson).

A single male, in good condition taken in the Colorado desert.
These species resembles laiiceolata and belongs with it ; but it is much
smaller, the head is brown, and the collar is white at the extreme base
only. The maculation differs considerably in details, the new form
being really in this respect somewhat intermediate between lanceolata
d.\\A go)iella. The front is normally convex only, vein 5 of the secon-
daries is practically obsolete, and veins 3 and 4 fork half way between
the end of the cell and the outer margin.

Acontia semiatra, sp. nov.

Head and thorax creamy white or yellowish with a slight reddish tinge, imma-
culate. Abdomen a trifle smoky, the margins of the segments narrowly white-ringed.
Primaries, basal space, creamy yellow with a slight reddish tinge, and this is the
underlying ground color. Basal line marked by a blackish spot on costa, and some-
times by another on the median vein. Median space a slaty, somewhat glistening
black ; almost solid in same specimens, usually a little mottled over the cell. The
t. a. line is defined by the inner boundary of the median space, very even, with a
slight outcurve centrally. The t. p. line is defined in the same way as the outer
boundary of the median space, very evenly outcurved over the cell and somewhat
irregularly incurved below : — the edge in the submedian interspace being somewhat
jagged. Beyond this line is a shading of the yellowish ground, narrow and some-
times linear from the costa to the middle of the wing, but usually filling the sub-
terminal space below that point. Terminal space blackish-gray, s. t. line veiy irreg-
ular, broken, whitish, sometimes barely traceable. A series of small white venular
dots at base of fringes. The ordinary spots are much obscured or barely traceable.
The orbicular may be guessed at as a more intensely black spot just without the inner
margin of the median space on the cell. The reniform is usually obvious, though
not defined ; consisting, when best marked, of a larger inferior and smaller superior
black spot, vaguely outlined by a yellowish shading. Secondaries smoky, paler at
base, the fringes whitish. Beneath, a pale, smoky, iridescent yellowish, without
obvious maculation ; but on the primaries, with a faint reflection of the upper surface.
Expands .80-. 85 inch = 20-21 mm.

Habitat. — Quartzsite, Yuma Co., Arizona, in March (Geo. S.
Hutson).

One male and three females, all in good condition and all very

March, 1902.] SmITH : NeW NOCTUID^. 53

much alike. The only variation is in the amount of mottling in the
upper portion of median space and in the amount of yellow in the s. t.
space.

The species is quite unlike any other of our described species and
does not fit properly into any of the series in my Revision of this
genus. It may perhaps be best associated with arizonce on superficial
appearance, until other allies are found.

The front is somewhat bulging and, on the hind wings, vein 5 is
well removed from 4 as well as weaker than the others.

Acontia tenuescens, sp. nov.

Head and thorax white, the head with a narrow, gray, transverse band across
middle of front. Abdomen wanting, but probably white, concolorous. Primaries
white from base to beyond the middle. On the costa the white is broken a little
beyond the middle by an ocher yellow mark, which extends toward the reniform and
is not prominent or sharply defined. Beyond this it extends almost to the apex.
Orbicular wanting. Reniform of good size, round, black, mottled with blue scales,
Jiarrowly white-ringed. On the internal margin just outside the middle a moderate,
fairly defined, slate gray or blackish band starts, curving upward so as involve half of
the reniform and continuing on to or near to, the apex. The terminal space is
variably darkened by slate-gray or blackish shadings, and there is a blackish or dark
gray, broken terminal line. The fringes are white. Secondaries white, the apical
region shaded with blackish ; fringes white. Beneath, primaries black except the
margins and fringes ; secondaries white. Expands .88 inch = 22 mm.

Habitat. — Lake Worth, Florida.

Two female examples from Mrs. A. T. Slosson ; both of them
minus the abdomen ; but otherwise perfect examples. The loss of the
abdomen was in transportation and was not due to any error or
omission of the collector.

This species belongs with virginialis Grt., and binoada Grt., dif-
fering from both in the well-defined narrow curved band which
extends from the inner margin to the apex. In one example the apex
is fully attained without break other than a fine white s. t. line : in the
other the band is broken just beyond the reniform, traceable by yellow
scales to the apex, where the costal margin is again dark gray. It is
probable that all intermediate forms occur.

In this species the front bulges moderately, vein 5 of the seconda-
ries is from the cross -vein, well removed from 4, and it is much weaker
than the others.

54 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

A NEW SPECIES OF DIRPHIA.
By William Schaus.
Dirphia carminata.

Head, collar and body below light brown.. Thorax, base of abdomen and anal
hairs light red ; abdomen otherwise black, banded with buff. Primaries light red ;
the veins on outer half finely white ; an inner dark spot on costa, one on median,
and another on submedian, black, shaded on either side with white : an outer ob-
liiiue interrupted black line broadly shaded with white above and below cell and on
inner margin. Secondaries : basal half light reddish-brown ; a large dark spot at
end of cell ; a dark outer band, outwardly shaded with whitish ; the outer part of
wing brownish-black ; the veins finely white ; fringe whitish. Expanse, 95 mm.
Habitat. — Jalapa, Mexico.

THE LARVA OF CARAMA CRETATA.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

The larva occurs on the red-bud ( Cenis canadensis') in the vicinity
of Washington, D. C, gregariously at first but scattering somewhat
over the tree and feeding singly when half grown. They do not
wander widely as with the allied Lagoa ci-ispata. Structurally the
larvae are as in La^^oa, but in coloration differ markedly, being fur-
nished with but thin pale hair, the skin being brightly colored in yel-
low, red and black. A somewhat similar modification is seen in the
Porto Rican Mcgalopyge knigii, but the continental species is more
strongly marked. The last five stages of Carama- cretata came under
observation, all essentially alike.

Larva. Head dark brown ; width about 2 mm. Shape as in Lagoa with hook-
less feet on joints 6 and il, besides the usual ones; long pointed everted glands
behind the spiracles ; impressed dots situated as in the spined Cochlidiidze. Thick,
flattened, joint 2 hood-shaped, smooth, but hairy. Four rows of warts on the
thorax, three on the abdomen, normal. Pale yellow subventrally, on the hood and
the warts with a circular area around each ; on joints 3-5 and 12-13 deep brown-red
dorsally to the lateral wart, shaded, running close to the warts ; on joints 5-II deep
black cut by the round spots about the warts of subdorsal row ( i -|- ii ) and incised
by semicircular areas about the lateral warts (iii), not reaching below these. De-
pressed spaces (l) and (4) white with clear dots, those of (l) paired; (2) repre-
sented by dots only. Hairs of two kinds, short and spiny with large basal cones,
and long (12 mm. ) feathery ones, white. A few hairs on foot base.

Cocoon, formed in 'he ground. Dorsal side arched with a low median carina; a
narrow hollow margin along each side ; ventral surface flattened with a squarish tube-
like projection in the middle ; anterior end with an imperfect flap or lid covered by
the arch of the dorsal surface.

Emergence in July, mature larvce in September ; single brooded.

March, 1902.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 55

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of December 17, 1901.

Held at the American Museum of [Natural History. Not having a quorum
present an informal meeting was held.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke made a few remarks on the Cychrini. He spoke of the
fact that his studies had led him to the conclusion that too much stress was laid upon
the male tarsal structure and that such things as color, the shape of the thorax, shape
of the elytra, etc., were in many cases not even of specific value. The whole group
needs revision but the time is not quite ripe for it, because we have not yet enough
material. When it is revised, however, he thought that the various subgenera would
have to be done away with, inasmuch as they did not represent true relationship.
Bearing upon this latter point he stated that he had looked over a number of the
European species of Cychrus, all of which were supposed to belong to the primary
subgenus Cychrus itself, with $ tarsi no more dilated than were those of the 9 . He
found that in a number the $ tarsi were very perceptibly broader than the 9 tarsi and
that one species from the Caucasus, C. ccneus var. siarki, had males with tarsi about
twice as broad as were those of the 9 or as broad as is the case with most of those
now placed in the subgenus Brennus. C. merkeli and C. idahoensis two closely
related species and undoubted members of the subgenus SpJu^rodenis were though,
to be almost as closely related to C. marginatus, a member of the subgenus Brennus
as they were to their companions C. regularis, C. relichis and C. canadensis. The
members of the cristatus group of Brennus were thought to be more closely related
to Cychrus through C. angulatus, than they were to many of those with which they
were placed.

Such species as C. miimis and C. punctiilatus, undoubted relatives, in spite of
differences in $ tarsal structure, were also thought to be much more closely related to
the cristatus group than to any other.

Speaking about gradations of tarsal and thoracic structures he mentioned the
fact he had seen a complete gradation from the true angusticollis through C. vetu-
tinus and longipes to opacus, in this regard proving beyond a doubt that all three
of the latter were nothing more than races or at most varieties. The same thing, he
thinks, will be found to exist in the species of the andtewsi group. Hentphillii and
rickseckeri will also probably have to be placed much closer together than they are
at present.

At the conclusion of his remarks Dr. Van Dyke exhibited a few interesting
species of the genus, among them the true cristatus with bluish margin to thorax and
elytra; the opaque black species foi'merly called such but will have to be given the
name, C. reticulatus Mots., and also Mr. Casey's very interesting incipiens.

Meeting of January 7, 1902.
Held at the American Museum of Natural Histor}'. President Beutenmiiller in
the chair. Eight members and one visitor in attendance.

Mr. Kearfott, as chairman of the Field Committee, reported of the outings

56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

arranged, the attendance and work done in the field the past season and made some
recommendations and suggestions for the coming year.

It was moved and seconded that the society proceed with the nomination of officers
for the ensuing year.

The following officers were elected : President, Mr. C. F. Groth ; Vice-president,
Mr. W. D. Kearfott ; Treasurer, Mr. L. H. Joutel ; Recording and Con'esponding
Secretary, Mr. H. G. Barber. Executive Committee, Wm. Beutenmiiller, C. Schaeffer,
Chas. Palm, W. D. Kearfott and E. D. Love. Publication Committee, Wm. Beuten-
miiller, C. Schaefter, L. H. Joutel and E. G. Love.

After the election Mr. Beutenmiiller expressed his thanks to the society.

Mr. Groth, the newly elected president then took the chair.

Mr. H. C. Fall and Dr. E. C. Van Dyke were elected as corresponding members.

Mr. Frederick V. Green, of iii Chamber St., was proposed by Dr. Lagai and
Mr. Eugene A. Bremser, of 45 Riverdale Ave. , Yonkers, by Mr. Schaeffer in behalf
of Mr. Watson, an active member of the society.

Mr. Hug sent an invitation to the society to spend an evening at his house. The
invitation was accepted with thanks and the second meeting in February was decided
upon.

Mr. .Schaeffer announced the death of Mr. Ottoman Dietz.

On motion Messrs. Beutenmiiller and Schaeffer were appointed a committee to
draw up resolutions to be printed in the JoURN.\L.

Meeting of January 21, 1902.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. F. Groth in
the chair. Eleven members present.

Mr. Eugene A. Bremser and Mr. Frederick V. Green were elected active mem-
bers of the society.

Mr. Watson proposed Mr. Roy S. Richardson, of ^^^ Halsey St., Brooklyn, as
an active member of the society.

The resignation of Mrs. A. L. Lesher was read and accepted.

President Groth announced the following standing committees for the ensuing
year : Auditing Committee, Messrs. Barber, Beutenmiiller and Schaeffer Field Com-
mittee, Watson and Comstock. Delegate to the Scientific Alliance, Messrs. Beuten-
miiller and Love.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a specimen of Amblychila piccoliniini in behalf of Dr.
Lagai, also a specimen of A. cylindriformis for comparison and made a few remarks
on the different opinions concerning the validity of the species.

After adjournment of the regular meeting Messrs. Beutenmiiller and Kearfott
conducted the sale of insects for the annual auction of the society. The amount
realized from the auction was II95.55.

JOURNAL

Jlfb JBork €lntomoIogirflI Horiptg*

\rol. X. JUNE, 1902. No. 2.

PLUSIA AND ALLIED GENERA WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

(Plates VI-IX.)

By Rodrigues Ottolengui, New York.

About six years ago I announced my intention of monographing
the Phisias of North America, and by this time I have no doubt that
many have imagined that I had abandoned the project. The truth is,
that there is already sufficient confusion in the literature of entomology
to render it obligatory upon a new writer to work slowly and if pos-
sible to delay publication until such time as he may have data before
him, of such character as will, or should, prevent his making new
errors, while attempting a correction of the old.

I must confess that even now I do not consider that I have termi-
nated my study of this interesting group, but the promise of a new
catalogue by Dr. Dyar has made it seem advisable for me to publish a
paper, in which I may record the results of my investigations so far as
they have gone. Having occupied myself exclusively with the identi-
fication of the names already in our list, I have made no effort to
distinguish between genera, though convinced by superficial observa.
tion that the single name Plusia is inadequate to cover the quite
divergent forms that hitherto have been thus indicated. The time
being short, therefore, and feeling entirely unwilling, indeed incapable
of erecting structural characters upon which to rest generic nomina-
tions, I have referred that portion of the work to Dr. Dyar, whose
paper, separating the Plusia group into different genera is published
herewith.

lUL 14

58 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL x.

After admitting my ignorance of structural differentiation it would
not be right for me to alter the classification of species as placed by
Dr. Dyar. I have however removed one species, and will comment
upon the placing of two others. Oniafa was described by myself
from a single specimen in the National Museum collection. It had
been papered and probably thereby injured and much flattened. The
head parts were in fair condition ; at any rate the absence of any
tubercle in front, and the length of the palpi separated it from Basi-
lodes which it superficially resembled because of its metallic coloration.
But it did not seem justifiable to erect a new genus upon so poor a
specimen, and it was tentatively placed with Deva when described.
Dr. Dyar in his manuscript list before me places it with veniista, con-
texta and piitiiaDii under Eiiclialcia, and, replying to my protest, says
he cannot separate it structurally. To my mind these three make
quite a distinct group, placed with which oniata would be such a
foreigner as to make it unbelievable. Considering the condition of
the type therefore, I deem it best to await the discovery of good
specimens before finally classifying. It is already placed in a genus
where it does not belong, but it is better there than removed to
another equally doubtful. Consequently I list it with Pauchrysia
which replaces Deva.

Under Phisia Dr. Dyar lists nietallica, at which I am surprised.
While we have but three true Plusias in this country taking chrysitis as
the type, the fauna of the world includes many, in which the metallic
discal sign is absent. It seems odd therefore that inctallica with its
very conspicuous metallic sign should fall into this companionship.

In regard to Syngraplia, I should have expected to find all the species
having yellow hind wings under this one genus as apparently was in-
tended by Hiibner. Structurally, however. Dr. Dyar says they separate,
and I list them accordingly, with considerable surprise that parilis
should fall here. These comments are not at all meant as adverse
criticism of Dr. Dyar's classification ; the points mentioned simply
appear to me of sufficient importance to be noted.

My first special interest in Phisia began from the fact that I found
myself in possession of more forms than I could find in any one col-
lection, and furthermore because, in going from one collection to an-
other, to obtain names for my material, I discovered a sad con-
fusion in identification. For &yiz.v(\^\t pseudogamma was nearly every-
where labeled ino/iodoii, which may account for the fact that Professor

June, 1902.] OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIA AND ALLIED GeNEKA. 59

Smith subsequently renamed the true nwnodou, calHng it insolita. My
own accession of material was largely due to my work in the White
I^Iountain region, where it may be interesting to note, that in one
season, I captured eighteen species around the piazza lights of the
Waumbek Hotel, at Jefferson.

Since announcing my interest in Pliisia I have received the most
liberal assistance from collectors everywhere. Indeed, so many have
aided me in one way or another, that I shall not attempt to mention
them all by name, for fear of omissions. For the presentation of
material from which I have made new types I must particularly thank
all of those whose names are mentioned in connection with the de-
scriptions. Great obligation is due to Sir Geo. Hampson, Mr.
Schaus and Professor Smith for comparing material for me at different
times, with the types and material in the British Museum. For com-
paring my insects with types I must likewise thank Professor French
and Mrs. Fernald, the latter very kindly forwarding her type of siirena
to me at a time when it was presumably unique. I was able, however,
to match it with a specimen in my own possession, but never really
knew the species till Mr. Roland Thaxter kindly presented me with a
magnificent fresh example which proved conclusively that only a poor
description can be based upon a poor type. I should also specially
mention Dr. Barnes, Dr. Bethune and Professor Smith, all three of
whom not only presented me with specimens which proved to be new,
but likewise forwarded me all of their material.

I must now indicate briefly the method which I have adopted in
working out the synonomy, in order that subsequent students may
fairly determine upon the value of my deductions. Having obtained,
as far as possible, copies of all the descriptions of species listed as
North American, I first endeavored to satisfy myself of the correctness
of my labels by comparing material with descriptions. I very soon
gave this over as unsatisfactory because it could not be certain beyond
possibility of doubt. The earlier description may have been adequate
when made, but in many instances, the subsequent discovery of other
species closely allied has rendered the descriptions unsatisfactory, fit-
ting as they do several forms almost equally well. An author, know-
ing but a few species, necessarily was ignorant of the very character-
istics which prove most reliable as distinguishing marks, and therefore
failed to record them at all. On the other hand many considered the
metallic sign of great specific value and often minute description of

60 Journal New York Entomological Society.

[Vol. X.

this mark is given. A study of all the Plusias shows that it is not at
all reliable. It is variable among individuals of the same species
(sometimes differing even in the two wings of the same insect) ; and
again is identical in species which are quite distinct.

In this dilemma I decided as far as possible to obtain access to the
types, in order to know what had been before the authors. I have
myself made comparison with the types in the Neumoegen and Ed-
wards collections in New York, and with the types in the National
Museum. Mrs. Fernald sent me the type of surena, and Professor
French made comparisons for me with his type of knzii. I sent about
forty species to the British Museum where Sir Geo. Hampson made
comparisons for me, naming the specimens as they agreed with types
or material similarly named. I should mention that my material was
sent to him without labels of any kind, being merely numbered so that
the correct labels could be replaced on their return. Some of these
identifications proving quite unexpected to me, I decided to verify the
work, and intrusted to Mr. Schaus a similar lot of insects including
some species not forwarded at first, and he very kindly went over the
ground again, comparing my material with the types and material in
the British Museum and labeling them according to his identifications.
Even this left a few points in doubt and I took advantage of Professor
Smith's kind offer to make comparisons ibr me, and on his last visit
to Europe he looked up several species for me and wrote out his
opinions.

From the comparisons which have been made for me I find that the
tendency in the British Museum is to "lump" species. Several of
our American species have come back to me with Old World names.
It is not unnatural perhaps, for the custodians of a great world col-
lection such as is in the British Museum to place side by side all in-
sects which resemble one another, looking upon countries or even
continents as mere localities, and the resulting aggregation as simply
a "series." To make my meaning plainer, I take it that in the
British Museum collection, Canada, the United States, Brazil, Chili,
England, Germany, Russia, Siberia, India, New South Wales, Egypt,'
etc., have about the same value on labels, as Pennsylvania, Florida,'
Illinois, California, etc., would have in a North American collec-
tion. In a world series of this character apparently, the first name
published is attached to the "series," and all others are counted as
synonyms.

June, J902.] Ottolengui : Plusia and Allied Genera. 61

Whilst I shall not attempt even to contribute my views to the
moot question: "What is a species," I will say most emphatically
that I cannot at present follow the example of the British Museum.
Even in a final universally adopted classification I doubt that names
from the four quarters of the world will be, or should be, dumped into
the synonymy. At best even in a species distributed all over the
world we should have races and such races should have names. With
such a scheme generally adopted I should not object to considering
californica the American race of gamma, and putnami the American
race oi festuccR^ but for the present I retain the American names of
these and other species as distinct, or at least distinguishing ; for aside
from other considerations, I am able to separate all the American
forms from their nearest Old World relatives by superficial examina-
tion alone. Moreover, so far as I have gone in the examination of
genitalia, they are separable by that means.

There is a word to be said about the value of names. A name
always stands as a record of work. It may not have been good work,
and an error may have been committed ; nevertheless the name and
the work back of it should not be discredited without reasonable cer-
tainty that the name represents duplication, and I hold that the wider
apart the localities of the types the less likelihood is there of duplica-
tion. If a name from Africa must go into the synonymy because a
man in Germany thinks there is but one species flying both in Africa
and Asia, it is not unlikely that some future worker with African ma-
terial, finding a form without a recognized name, will rename the
species, and thus the German gentleman will have caused the very
duplication which he endeavored to obviate.

Adopting the generic separation proposed by Dr. Dyar, I append
the following list of species belonging to the Plusia group. In doing
so, I wish future students to take into consideration the fact that I
have in my personal collection examples of every species listed as
valid, except pedalis, which is known only by the type ; and ornata
and epsilon, both described by myself, the types being unique speci-
mens in National Museum collection ; nor have I palligera, nor mori-
gera, but the types being in the Edwards collection have been easily
accessible. In regard to pedalis, the description of which is meager,
I have a colored drawing made for me from the type, as I have of
numerous other types, by which means I have satisfied myself of the
comparisons made for me by others. I have also the opinion of

62

Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

Professor Smith, who personally
is distinct from anything in my c

Polychrysia JHbn.
trabea Sn^.
formosa Grt.

Panchrysia Hbn.
purpurigera Walk.
palligera Grt.

morigera Hy. Ediv.
ornata Otto!.

Pliisia Ochs.
aerea Him.
aeroides Grt.
balluca Gcyer.
metallica Grt.

scapitlaris Hy. Edw.

lenzji French.

Euchalcia /////.
venusta IValk.

striatcl/a GrT.

conte.xta Grt.
putnami Grt.

Eosphoropteryx Dyar.
thyatiroides Gtien.

Autographa Him.
mappa G. cr^ A'.
bimaculata Ste/^k.
u-lre-'is GUEN.

biloba Steph.
solida Ottol.
calif or nica Speyer.

russed IIv. Ed\v.
pseudogamma Gri.
labrosa Grt.
corrusca .Strk.

OU Gil.

fratella Grt.

pedalis Grt.
arctica Ottol.
verruca Fabr.

nit ill Walk.
precationis Gu,n.

examined the type oi pedalis that it
ollection.

rogationis Gtwn.

dyaus Grt.

includens Walk.

hamifera Walk.

iiilta Lint.
brassicae Riley.

echinocystis Behr.

oxygramma Speyer.

iitdigna Walk.
abrota Dmce.
egena Gn.
flagellum ]Valk.

vionodou Grt.

in soli ta S.M.
rubidus Ottol.
rectangula Kirhy.

iHortiiorian GuEN.

alias Ottol.
octoscripta Sand.
altera Ottol.
espilon Ottol.
zeta Ottol.
varianna Ottol.
vaccinii Hy. Ediv.
pallida Ottol.
angulidens Sm.
excelsa Ottol.
celsa Hy. Ediv.
selecta Walk.

viridisignata Grt.

v=alba Ottol.
epigfea Grt.
ampla Walk.

alternn Strk.

surena Grt.
speciosa Ottol.
falcifera Kirhy.

var. simplex Giien.
simplicima Ottol.
pasiphaea Grt.
albavitta Otto'.
basigera Walk.

laticlai'ia MoKR.

diasema Bdz'.

June, 1902.] Ottolengui : Plusia and Allied Genera. 63

sackeni Grt. hochenwarthi Hack.

snowi Ilv. Ed-v. ignea Grt.

Syngrapha Ilbn. P«"»'« ^''^"; ^^

•;,, ^ qiiadnplaga WALK.

devergens Hbn. ■'

(?) allicola Walk.

Polychrysia trabea Sm.

This is very close to moneta of Europe. My European specimens
are from Germany and are somewhat darker, more orange colored.
My specimens of trabea agree with the type and are from the same
locality, but I have been unable to obtain male specimens, and thus
have not examined the genitalia.

Panchrysia Huh.

The type of purpuri-em is in the British Museum. The species is
well known and widely distributed. (PI. VII, Fig. i.) The types of
morPrera and palligera are both in the American Museum of Natural
History, Edwards Collection. I have seen no others. The type of
ornata is in the National Museum.
Plusia sereoides Grt. (PI. VII, Fig. 3.)

My material compared with type in British Museum.
Plusia balluca Geyer. (PI- VII, Fig. 9.)

My material compared with type in British Museum.
Plusia metallica Grt. (PI. VII, Fig. 7-)

The type of mefallua is in the British Museum ; a specniien of
mine identified by comparison with the British Museum type of
metallica also agrees with the type of scapularis in Neumoegen Col-
lection ; it was then forwarded to Professor French who returned it
to me labeled lenzii, at the same time writing to me - this is straight
enough lenzii.'''
Euchalcia venusta Walk. (PI. VII, Fig. 11.)

My material identified by type in British Museum ; striatella
Grote is the same species.
Euchalcia contexta 6^;-/. (PI. VII, Fig. 12.)

My material identified by type in British Museum where the
species is queried, however, as a variety of /../«.v., an evidence of
the tendency towards lumping.
Euchalcia putnami Grt. (PI. VII, Fig. 13)

Professor Smith in his Catalogue of Noctuidce records the type as
being in the British Museum. It is not there at present. The species

/

64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

is lumped with festiicce, despite the fact that Mr. Grote published
valid reasons for separating them. The genitalia are similar but not
identical. Moreover there are possibly two or even three similar
forms on this continent, which may be separable later by the genitalia
and other characteristics. More material and further study is required
to determine this.

Eosphoropterxy thyatiroides Giten. (PI. IX, Fig. 12.)

My material identified by comparison with type in British Museum.
\ Autographa bimaculata Steph. (PI. VII, Fig. 5.)

The type of ii-hrcvis, said to be synonymous, is credited by Pro-
fessor Smith, in his Catalogue of Noctuidfe, to the British Museum.
My material sent there for identification is labeled as agreeing with
their specimens of bimaculata, but no reference is made \o u-brevis.
Either the type is absent, or else is perhaps mixed with the bimaculata
specimens. There seems no reason however to doubt the synonymy.
I may record here my belief in a distinct form in the Northwest, which
on further study may merit a name, either as a geographical race, or
else as a new species.

Autographa solida, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 5.)

Coloration exactly as in imtallica — ground color creamy fulvous, shadows, espe-
cially apical and median spaces, darker with metallic golden scales interspersed, sec-
ondaries and fringes concolorous T. a. line faint or absent above the median vein,
below the vein incurved from the sign to the lower border of the wing, sharply defined,
metallic. T. p. line thread-like, neat, two outward curves, one towards apex, one
opposite the large silver sign ; one inward curve between the two signs. The sign is
metallic silvery, bilobed, the space between the lobes somewhat less proportionately
than in biloba. The inner half of the sign lies with a flat border against the median
vein, the outer half being entirely below the vein. Above the vein, just where it
branches is a second silver spot, much smaller, ovate, lying horizontally (the wings
spread) practically solid, though a minute speck made up of the golden brown scales
cuts the spot upwardly. At the apex there is an ovate upright spot of golden brown,
with a prolongation pointing down and reaching the t. a. line opposiie the smaller
silver sign. Along the costa near the thorax is a well-defined silver spot, pyramidal
with its apex dull, its base on the vein. Secondaries slightly darker towards the base.
Evpanse, 30 mm.

Habitat: Texas; Mexico and south.

Type : With the author.

This specimen, from Texas, was a unique in the collection of Mr.
Herman Strecker from whom it was obtained, by the author (mirabi/e
dictu). A second specimen, from Mexico, was presented by Mr. Wm.

June, 1902. J OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIA AND ALLIED GeNERA. 65

Schaus who says that the species is not uncommon in Alexico where it
is confounded with biloba. The Mexican specimen is darker than the
type. Solida differs from biloba, in its smaller size, very different,
lighter color ; and the solid upper silver spot, which in biloba is simply
an ovate line open below. There is also a very distinct dash extend-
ing from the t. p. line outwardly to the fringes, about the center of
the wing in biloba, which is entirely absent in solida.

Autographa CdAWoxn'xca. Sp eye r. (PI. VIII, Fig. n.)

This name brings us to one of the most argued questions. My
material sent to the British Museum for identification is returned with
the statement that pseudogamma (PI. IX, Fig. 8), of which they have
the type, is placed with californica. Professor Smith in his Catalogue
of Noctuidse lists gamma, with the expressed opinion that californica
is the western and pseitdogavima the northern form of gamma. Later
he lists on, with californica and riissea as varieties.

The genitalia of californica and pseudogamma are distinct, which
will satisfy Professor Smith as to the separableness of the species. The
same, in a somewhat lesser degree, is true of californica and European
specimens of gamma. In regard to locality I ha\e californica as far
north as Calgary and as far east as Syracuse, N. Y. I have pseudo-
gamma from Calgary and from the White Mts. In short it flies in the
same regions with californica. Professor Smith's reference oi californica
to ou is interesting. It is quite distinct from on but in pattern it does
resemble gamma, while in coloration, gamma in turn might be mistaken
for ou. Californica is subject to much variation, but as distinguished
Irom gamma it is a contrasty species, while gamma is suffused in color.
Twenty-four specimens of californica are before me, and twelve of
European gamma, and viewed as a group the two forms are readily
distinguishable. The most contrasty specimen of gamma perhaps
might be confused with the most suffused of californica. The twelve
of gamma, compared with a like number of ou (the latter including
Mexican examples), require a study of the pattern for differentiation,
the color scheme being the same. Russea is only a rather reddish
form of californica, aberrational rather than varietal. Fratella is a
starved ou. I have a specimen agreeing exactly with the type in size
as well as pattern. Coming from a torrid locality we may well imag-
ine a scarcity of food, and it is interesting to note that I have an
equally small californica from an iceclad region.

66 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Autographa labrosa Grt. (PI. VII, Fig. 14.)

My material compared with type in British Museum.
Autographa corrusca .S'/zw/'^r. (PI. VII, Fig. 15.)

One of my specimens was obtained from Mr. Strecker and is lab-
eled by him as agreeing with the type.

Autographa arctica, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 11.)

Dull brown, the only gray shades being along the costal end of t. p. line, and
at inner angle. The terminal line is also gray. T. a. line, three short outward
curves, below the median vein. T. a. line begins with a hook at costa, descending
fairly straight, inwardly bent, trembled. It is fairly distinct. The s. t. line black,
apical outcurve rounding. Orbicular distinct, outlined in black, lies immediately in
the course of the t. a. line. Reniform, outlined in black. Sign, golden, shaped as
in gamma. Secondaries brownish, lighter at the base, crossed by yellowish band.
Fringes cut. Expands, 32 mm.

Hahiiat : Alaska.

Type : 6258 in National Museum.

Described from eight specimens found in the collection of National
Museum, Washington, D. C. Taken by L. M. Turner, September 5,
1880, at Alter Islands, Alaska. Co-type with the author, and Pro-
fessor Smith also has specimens. The species is allied to intcrro-
gaiionis, from which however it is abundantly distinct, a good series
of interrogatiiviis with its variations having been examined. The
genitalia also differ.

Autographa verruca j^cr/v. (PI. VHI, Fig. 2.)

Riiiila Walk., is a synonym. The type of Walker's species is in
the British Museum.

Autographa precationis Giicn. (PI. IX, Fig. 6.)
My material agrees with type in British Museum.

Autographa rogationis Gucn. (PI. IX, Fig. i.)

Dyaiis Grt., iiicludcns Walk., and ha/nifera Walk., I accept as syno-
nyms. The British Museum adds the following also to the synonymy ;
eriosima Doubl., from New Zealand; ckrysosema Zell.; acuta Walk.,
from Congo, South Africa; adjiiucta Walk., from Moreton Bay, Aus-
tralia. All of Walker's types are in the British Museum, but con-
sidering the localities I am not willing to assume any responsibility of
connecting so many names, especially so many from a single author.
I add citlta to the synonymy on the following evidence. I examined
the type of culta in the presence of Professor Lintner, and he gave me

June, 1902.] OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIA AMD ALLIED GeNERA. 67

one of two accompanying specimens which he declared were from the
original lot. I make this statement as authenticating my specimen,
because since Dr. Lintner's death I have been unable to find the type
in the Albany collection. My cidta is merely a small example of roga-
tionis. Fortunately it was a male, and I succeeded in obtaining the
genitalia. It is absolutely identical with that of rogationis, and is so
remarkably distinct from all other of the Plusias in its extremely long
slender clasper that the worst skeptic in regard to the value of geni-
talia, would I think accept the evidence.

Autographa brassicae Riley. (PI. IX, Fig. ii.)

My specimens agree with Riley's type in National Museum. I
have a specimen sent to me by Professor Behr labelled by him echino-
cystis which authorizes my placing Behr's name in the synonymy.

Autographa oxygramma 6/Vj'd'r. (PI. IX, Fig. lo.)

Indigna Walker is a synonym. The type of indigna is in the
British Museum, my material agreeing with it.

Autographa abrota Z>;7/a'. (PI. IX, Fig. 4.)

This is a new name in our list. It was communicated to me by
Dr. Barnes, he having received it from Florida. Its general appear-
ance is somewhat like oxygrainina in coloration and wing shape ;
though the apices of abrota are more rounded. There is an extraordi-
nary development of hairs along the abdomen and the genitalia are so
totally different from other Plitsia forms that it may be removed from
the present genus in the future. I supposed it to be a new species
when received, but sent it to England with the material intrusted to
Mr. Schaus, and he found that it agrees with the type of abrota in Mr.
Druce's collection. It was described from Mexico.

Autographa flagelfum Walk. (PI. IX, Fig. 9.)

My material agrees with the types oi flagellum Walk., and monodon
Grt., both of which are in the British Museum. Also with the type of
insolita Smith in the National Museum.

Autographa rubidus, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 4.)

Color golden brown overcast with lighter shades of purplish pink. T. a. line
curved outwardly, faint above the median vein, below the vein distinct, metallic, con-
nected with the sign. T. p. line very faint, a succession of slight outward curves
between the veins, very oblique from costa to the sign, and then descendmg more
directly. S. t. line faint, curved outwardly near apex, and two similar smaller curves

68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

opposite the sign. Terminal line of the lighter shade, thread-like, distinct in con-
trast to the fringes ; the latter cut.

The sign is metallic, made up of two lines curving downward and outward from
median vein, meeting in a sharp point. Described more generally, conspicuous fea-
tures of the pattern are a bright oblique patch of the lighter color near the apex,
showing conspicuously against the darkest part of the s. t. line, at the large curve
thereof. Just below the sign is a long narrow patch of golden scales.

Secondaries yellowish at the base, with wide border of dark brown. Expands
35 mm.

Habitat : Manitoba ; New Brunswick.

Type : Female in collection of the author.

Described from three specimens. The first was sent to me by Mr.
A. W. Hanham, of Winnipeg, but had been taken by Mr. E. Fern-
stone Heath at Cartwright, Manitoba, in September. A second
specimen was received from Mr. Heath direct, and a third from Mr.
W. Mcintosh, of St. John, New Brunswick.

Autographa rectangula Kirby. (PI. YIII, Fig. 12.)

Here we lose one of our best known names, mortiioyum Gn. The
description of niortNonnn seemed to apply to our species so poorly that
I was much in doubt. The species, as all American collectors know
it, is prominently silvered. In the description there is slight refer-
ence to this characteristic. However, Professor Smith personally ex-
amined Guenee's type in the British Museum for me, and states that,
though showing less silver than usual, "it is undoubtedly our species. ' '
This relegates the name to the synonymy. Kirby' s postscript to his
description of rectangula is more helpful than his description ; he says :
"The silvery rectangular spot in the primary wings of this insect,
when they are brought near to each other, forms a quadrangular area
very much resembling a picture in a silver frame." This identifies
the mortiionim of American collections at once.

Autographa u=aureum Guen.

Probably all American collectors imagine that they have this
species. It is an instance of a false identification which has become
perpetuated. The description does not fit the American species which
has been carrying the name, at all. A specimen of the American
u-aureum comes back to me from the British Museum labeled
" u-aureia/i Gn., var. of /norti/oruml'" Another evidence of the
desire to lump. A specimen of our vaicinii also is returned labeled
" u-aiorinn.''' A specimen of a/igiil/c/t-ns was labeled '■'^ augulidens

June. 1902.] OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIA AND ALLIED GeNERA. 69

var. ii-aiireu/iil " These labels, however, led to a comparison of the
description with va ccinii wiXh \y\\\ch it agrees better than with any
other American species. But vaccinii is almost the most localized of
all of our species so far as now known, being absolutely confined to
the summit of Mount Washington and neighboring peaks, and has
never been authentically reported below the tree line. U-auremn
having been described from a Swedish locality, and the description
associating it with i/iterrogafionis, we may safely drop it from our list.
This renders it needful to name the species which has so long
passed as u-aureiim, for which reason I have nominated it Autographa
alias.

Autographa alias, sp. nov. (PI. VIII, Figs. 7 and 13.)

This is a species best described by a figure ; even accurate word description of
the usual lines, signs and spaces would be almost as applicable to several other closely
allied but positively distinct species, the nearest being rectangida (^moyfuorian).
Alias is the species which has so long borne the name u-aweiini in American collec-
tions, the latter however being quite distinct and nearer to our vaccinii. The pattern
is practically the same as in rectaiiqtila. The sign is identical in shape and color,
silvery. In a long series before me (twenty-four specimens) there are all gradations
of coloration from a suffused form with indistinct lines, and no silvering, except the
sign, to a form with sufficient contrast to render the lines, especially the s. t. line
quite distinct, a great deal of silvering being present, especially at base of primaries.
As rectangula also varies in the degree of silvering, from a form almost all silver to
one having very little, it is needful to say that there is never so much silver in alias
as in rectangula, and that the space between the t. p. line and the s. t. line is always
dark and free from silvering, while in • eciangula the same is always silvery in pro-
portion to the rest of the wing. The genitalia are distinct. Expands, 32 to 34 mm.

Habitat: Common throughout the Northern States and Canada.
Type : Male in collection of the author.

Autographa altera, sp. nov. (PI. VIII, Fig. 9.)

Allied to octoscripta, which it very closely resembles. It becomes essential,
therefore, to indicate the differences. The color of octoscripta is blackish in the
darker shadows, grayish in the lighter parts. Usually the darker shades greatly
predominate. In altera the darker shades are brown, and the lighter a sort of
gray overcast with purplish. The dark and light shades are about evenly distri-
buted. The t. p. line in octoscripta is waved, fairly straight, conspicuous, and
whitish. In altera it is in longer curves, more bent, very faint and indistinct.
The s. t. line in octosci-ipta is black, square at the bend near the apex. In altera the
same part of the s. t. line is only slightly extended outwardly and is dentate. The
outer border of octoscripta is only slightly paler than the rest of the wing, while the
terminal line and fringes are conspicuous. In altera the terminal line and fringes are
concolorous with the space without the s. t. line, which thus appears as an outer

70 Joi'RNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

band, much paler than rest of tlie wing. The orbicular and reniform are easily seen
in octoscripla, very inconspicuous in altera. The sign in the type is metallic, a silver
V with a dot outwardly, disconnected. In a second specimen, however, the sign is
as in typical octoscripta. The secondaries in octoscripta are yellowish at the base,
and show a wide blackish border. In altera they are brownish, slightly darker out-
wardly, crossed by a yellowish band. Expands, 29 mm.

Habitat : Adirondacks and Canada.

Tj/>e : Female, with the author.

Described from a specimen taken at Lake Nepigon, Aug. 22, 18S8,
by Dr. Bethune, a second specimen taken by Dr. Chas. McKnight in
the Adirondacks also in August. Altera is smaller than octoscripta
with wings proportionately wider. Measured along the costa from the
thorax to the apex, the primary of altera is 15 mm., and from apex
to hind angle, 10 mm. Octoscripta measured similarly gives a wing
20 mm. by 10 mm. Fine specimens of both are before me.

Autographa epsilon Ottol. (PI. VI, Fig. 8.)

This species, which is figured herewith, was described in the
Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. II, pp.
494-495-
Autographa zeta, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig, i.)

Chocolate brown, the base, outer border and a small area near the costa between
the t. p. and s. t. lines of a purplish gray, affording a sufficient contrast to render the
lines distinct. T. a. line three short outcuives below the vein, seemingly yellowish
or purplish metallic. T. p. line, geminate, waved, with one inward dentation oppo-
site the sign. The s. t. line as usual, the apical outcurve dentate, rather than squared.
The line is blackish, heavy near the apical outcurve, distinct throughout. Orbicular,
large, outlined with gray. Reniform small, black, seemingly horizontal, else there
is an extra black spot outwardly. The sign is white, satiny, somewhat like the Greek
letter zeta, lying horizontally. Immediately under and beyond the sign, the brown
color is deepest, fading away in all directions. Secondaries brown, with inconspicu-
ous lighter bar crossing centrally. Fringes cut. Expands, 35 mm.

Habitat : Northwest Territory.

Type : Female, with the author.

Described from one female presented by Mr. Jacob Doll, having
long been in his collection. It is noteworthy that the wings are un-
usually wide, measuring 17 mm. along the costa, and 13 mm. from
apex to hind angle.

Autographa variana, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 10.)

Again we have a species where description needs the assistance of the figure,
which fortunately is quite good. In pattern it follows the rectangula, alias group.

June, IQ02.1 OtTOLENiJUI : PlUSIA AND AlLTED GeNERA. 71

Its great contrast of dark brown and pearl gray renders it at once recognizable. The
sign is similar in shape, but golden rather than silver. The t. p. line is a succession
of short waves ; the same line in alias being three long, gentle curves. The s. t. line
at its first outward curve, is dentate and nearly or quite touches the terminal line ; in
alias this part of the line forms three sides of a square, the two angles being slightly
obtuse. Opposite the sign, the first dentation in the s. t. line is prolonged to the
terminal line. This is not true in alias. Secondaries yellowish with broad dark
brown border. Fringes cut. Head and thorax pearl gray. Collar and patagise out-
lined in blackish. Expands, 33 mm.

Habitat: New Brunswick.
Type : Female, with the author.

Described from a single perfect specimen, captured by Mr. W.
Mcintosh, at St. John, N. B.

Autographa vaccinii JIv. Eihv. (PI. VIII, Fig. 3.)

A good series taken by myself on Mt. Washington agree with the
type in the Edwards Collection, American Museum of Natural History.

Autographa pallida, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 7.)

Another of the 7-ectangula , alias group. Exceedingly pale brown with lighter
shading. Immediately recognizable by the sign, which is similar to that of its con-
geners only reversed, the outer and inner parts of the sign being connected below in-
stead of towards the median vein as in recinngula, alias and variana. The sign
seems to be white, though in a truly fresh specimen it may prove to be silver. The
t. p. line is waved as in vjriana. The s. t. line is more or less dentate throughout.
Secondaries pale brown, darker towards the outer border, crossed by a band of much
lighter (whitish) color. Fringes white, cut. Expands, 33 mm.

Habitat: Newfoundland.
Type : Female, with the author.

Described from two females, taken in Newfoundland, by Mr.
Roland Thaxter.

Autographa anguHdens 6"/;/. (PI. VIII, Fig. 5.)

My material identified by comparison with type in National
Museum. I have never seen typical specimens of this, from any local-
ity except Colorado, and all that I have seen from Colorado — and I
have seen a great number — appear typical and constant in size and
in pattern. Angiilide/is (?) from other localities, so far as I have
seen, have all been my new species excelsa.

Autographa excelsa, p. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 3.)

Closely allied to anguiidens. Indeed, absolutely fresh specimens are needed in
order to identify one from another, unless locality be considered. I have seen very
numerous examples of anguiidens , but never from any locality except Colorado, in

72 Joi RNAL New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

which respect it is like vai-iinii, which is found nowhere except above the tree line in
the White Mountains. On the contrary, I have exceh'i from the White Mountains
and from Laggan, British Columbia. In angididens there are strong contrasts of
coloration, the lines showing distinctly against the lighter grayish shadows. In
excelsa the color scheme is a suffusion of two shades of brown. In regard to color,
the two species separate just as californica differs from the European gamma. Per-
haps the surest superficial guide by which to separate excelsa from angididetis will be
by the sign. In both it may be either white or golden. In angulidetis the inner sign
is like the letter U, lying slightly obliquely, the open ends curving inwardly. In
excelsa this part of the sign is rather V-shaped, a slight inward crook however occur-
ring on the end of the outer branch of V. The outer dot may be large, small or
absent from either species. Excelsa is smaller than angididens, the latter expanding
36 mm., the Laggan examples of excelsa reaching only 30 mm. A New Hampshire
specimen (female), however, reaches 34 mm. in size.

Habitat : Northern United States and Canada.

Type : Female, with the author.

The type was taken by the author in Jefferson, N. H., with others
like it, which have gone to other collectors as angulidens. One is
with Mr. Thaxter. Three others before nie are from Laggan, and
I have seen a great many more from that locality, all very much
smaller than angulidens which seems quite uniformly large. I should
mention that the genitalia of the two species differ.
Autographa celsa Hy. Ediu. (PI. VIII, Fig. 4.)

My material identified by comparison with type in Neumoegen
Collection, Brooklyn Institute, and with type in Edwards Collection
American Museum of Natural History.
Autographa selecta Walk. (PI. IX, Fig. 7.)

Selecta Walk., and viiidisignata Grt., are both represented by type
in the British Museum and material sent there for comparison is returned
bearing the two names, G rote's name, the better of the two, unfor-
tunately passing into the synonymy. I feel obliged to call attention
to a fact in relation to the sign, in spite of what I have said of its
slight value. Grote describes the sign as " a peculiar greenish-golden
hue — verdigris-like." I have one specimen to which the words
"peculiar-greenish-golden," seem most applicable. Four others are
green. I once had a wreck of this species sent to me in an envelope.
The two primaries however were in sufficiently good condition for
identification (for which purpose the specimen had been forwarded)
and the sign was quite golden. The variation then would seem to be
from green to gold through the various intermediate stages. It is a

June, x9°-] OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIA AND ALLIED GeNERA. 73

little odd therefore to read in Walker's description " discal mark sil-
very." This is the sort of thing that makes identification from writ-
ten descriptions so easy (sic?).
Autographa v=alba, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 2.)

Color with grayish shades delineating the pattern. T. a. line, outcurved, gray-
ish against an outer shading of dark brown. A break occurs above the median vein,
the line at the costa showing as a light and a dark spot adjacent. T. p. line similarly
geminate, the darker lining now occurring inwardly of the lighter line ; gently curv-
ing outwardly from the costa and inwardly near the median space, dentate opposite
the sign S t. line distinct, occurring as the sharp outline of the brownish band,
against the lighter, grayish outer border, one outcurve from the costa to the median
vein • two teeth opposite the sign. Orbicular small, dark, lying in a gray field be-
tween the costal terminations of the t. a. line, and the sign. Reniform famt, Imed
with thread of white, against broad blackish. A blotch of dark brown connects it
with the costa. The sign is a V, the open ends touching the median vein, approxi-
mately white, not metallic. Fringes cut. Secondaries fuscous, darker towards the
border. Expands, 40 mm.

Habitat: Wyoming.

Type : Female, in the collection of the author.
Described from a single specimen taken in Yellowstone Park,
Wyoming, by Dr. William Barnes.

Examination of the figure shows one wing apparently darker than
the other. This is accounted for probably by staining. The descrip-
tion, therefore, is made from the lighter wing, and a fresh specimen
should show strong contrasts in the shading. Its large size and thm
vestiture would place this with ceha, ampla and epigcva, but m color
scheme and pattern it is very close to siireua and spcciosa. It would
not be strange, when other specimens are taken, to find the V sign
accompanied by a dot, either separated or connected.
Autographa epigaea Grt. (PI. VII, Fig. 16.)

My material agrees with the type in British Museum.
Autographa ampla Walk. (PL VII, Fig. 6.)

My material agrees with type in British Museum. A specimen
obtained from Mr. Strecker and labeled by himself as agreeing with
his alterna, authenticates my statement as to synonymy.
Autographa surena Grt. (PI. VIII, Fig. lo.)

:^Iy examples identified by the type kindly loaned by Mrs. Fernald.
Autographa speciosa, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 9.)

Color chocolate brown, lines and shadows pearly gray. Coloration same as in
surena; fresh specimens of both required for comparison, as in old or flown speci-

74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. x.

mens the gray shades are lost. T. a. line a strong outcurve from costa to median
vein, gray against a strong brown l)lotch at costa. Below the vein distinct,
slightly oblique, outwardly bent, gray, a]iparently crossing the .solid chocolate brown
of the median space, the brown appearing inwardly of the line as a second line paral-
leling it. The t. p. line faint from the costa to median vein, distinct, geminate
below, grayish ; it is fairly straight, inwardly bent. The space between the t p.
line and the s. t. line wider than usual, unicolorous, brown. Outwardly of the s. t.
line the border is lighter, a mixture of the brown and gray shading. The s. t. line
distinct as a demarcation between these two areas, as usual, outcurved near costa,
with two dentations opposite the sign. Orbicular indistinct, grayish. Reniform
more easily seen, blackish with gray outlines, a yellowish splotch between it and the
costa. The sign is white and shaped as in the gaini/ia group. Secondaries pale
yellowish-brown, lighter at the base. Fringes cut. Expands, 34 mm.

Habitat: Corfield, Vancouver.

Type : Female, with the author.

Described from a single specimen taken by Mr. Clermont Living-
ston at Corfield, Vancouver. This is one of the most beautiful of
our species, and for a new form, \ery satisfactorily distinct.

Autographa falcifera Kirby. (PI. IX, Fig. 2.)

Kirby's description undoubtedly applies to our common insect
known as si))iplex. Fortunately he described the gray form ; thus
simplex is properly retained for the brown form as a varietal name.
Falcifera was named from Nova Scotia, and it is noteworthy that in
the north the brown form is rare. Simplex was described from New
York where the brown form is common. This seems to be the only
species thus far known to me, having an authentic varietal form, the
genitalia of both gray and brown specimens being identical.

Autographa simpliclma, sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 6.)

Color dull brown, slightly darker in median space. T. a. line absent above the
median vein ; below the vein oblique, neat, metallic, inconspicuous. T. p. line,
oblicjue, slightly waved, very faint. S. t. line starting absolutely at apex, oblique,
faint, gently curving. The sign as in falcifera, only very small, and terminating in
an acute angle. Secondaries concolorous, crossed centrally by lighter band.
Expands, 28 mm.

Habitat: Washington.

Type : Female, with the author.

Described from a single female presented by Professor John B.
Smith. This closely resembles the simplex form of falcifera, but is
much smaller, suffused in color, and easily identified by the acute
termination of the sign, which is always knobbed in falcifera and
simplex. I had intended to write the name simplicissima — simplest —

June, 1902.] OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIA AND ALLIED GeNERA. 75

but by an error of transcription it was sent to Dr. Dyar as simplicinia,
which being shorter may stand with this explanation of my meaning.

Autographa pasiphaea Grt. (PL IX, Fig. 14.)
My material agrees with type in British Museum.

Autographa albavitta, sp. nov. (PI. VIII, Fig. 8.)

Pale brownish cre«m with base and terminal border of primaries, lines and
fringes whitish. T. a. line inwardly oblique from costa to median vein, outwardly
curved below the vein. T. p. line wide, prominently outcurved near apex, continuing
downward as one gentle incurve. Between the t. p. and s. t. lines the darker color
appears as a wide band crossing the wing. At the central part of the terminal space
there is a prominent rectangular blotch, the darkest color in the pattern. This is
crossed by the vein, which divides it almost equally. There is a pale blotch at the
apex. The reniform, orbicular and sign are clearly outlined each by a fine yellowish
line inclosing the ground color. Secondaries concolorous, crossed centrally by a
faint band of lighter color. Collar, patagiae, thorax the same, shaded with the
lighter color. Fringes of all four wings, whitish, cut with darker .shade. Expands,
30 mm.

Habitat : Middle California.

Described from a female, in the collection of Dr. Barnes, with
whom the type remains.

This is placed among the Pliisia group only tentatively. The dis-
covery of a male may render it possible to more correctly classify it.

Autographa basigera Walk. (PI. IX, Fig. 5.)

This is the laticlavia of Morr. The type of laticlavia is reported
to be in the Tepper collection to which I have not had access. My
material agrees with the type of basigera in British Museum, where
the synonymy is made to include a^/i nome ns Wa.\k. , and intracta Walk.,
but not knowing the localities from which these latter were described
I prefer not to intrude the names in the American list.

Autographa sackeni Grt. (PI. VIII, Fig. 17.)
My material agrees with type in British Museum.

Autographa snowii Hy. Edw. (PI. VIII, Fig. 16.)

In nearly all collections, and in the British Museum collection,
this specimen is considered synonymous with sackeni, but it is very
questionable whether authentic siunui is well known. I imagine that
sackeni has been sometimes labeled sackeni, and sometimes snowi, so
that when one collector has found hiinself possessed of both names he
has judged the species to be identical. I have seen a plentiful num-
ber of sackeni, and they all meet the description accurately, except as

76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL x.

to the metallic sign, which is variable and varies towards the described
sign of sno7ui. This may have aided in the confusion. I have not
been able to obtain an identification from type, but I have a specimen
from Mr. Doll, by him received from Professor Snow himself, the
specimen still carrying a printed label reading : " Near Hot Springs,
Las Vegas, N. M., 7,000 feet, Aug., '82. F. H. Snow." Thus I
feel that I have a genuine siicnoi, especially as the description fits
it absolutely. It is easily separable from any sackeni that I have
seen. It is smaller, the apex of the wing is much less produced than
in sackeni and the color is different. As words do not adequately de-
scribe color let me resort to comparisons : The color scheme of snoivi
is the same as in simplex, the browns and reds being identical in
shade. The coloration of sackeni is nearer to but not exactly the
same as anipla. Fresh specimens of ampla are needed to get the red-
dish hues. A spot at the base of the costa is orange in snoivi ; it is
more sagittate in shape and very pale yellowish in sackeni. In brief,
the two are distinct, and the descriptions of both should be sufficient
for identification, being unusually accurate.

Sygnrapha devergens Hbn.

Professor Smith in his catalogue lists (7 ///cWi? as distinct, and places
igneaOxX. as a synonym thereof. The type oi alticola is in the British
Museum where it is counted synonymous with devergens. I place the
name therefore as a synonym, but with a query, as I doubt it. Later
I think I shall be able to establish that alticola from Northwest Terri-
tory, is distinct from devergens of Labrador.

Syngrapha ignea Grt.

U'his type should be in the Philadelphia collection but I could not
find it. It cannot be a synonym of alticola however as placed in
Professor Smith's catalogue, its size alone separating it. My material
agrees with specimens in British Museum labeled ignea, presumably
obtained with the Grote collection. My material, including twelve
specimens, some from Colorado, and others from Calgary, N. W. T.,
are uniformly an inch and a quarter in expanse (one or two females a
trifle larger) which is exactly the measurement recorded in the de-
scription. For these reasons I restore the name, admitting however
that my studies of the yellow-winged species are quite incomplete,
owing to lack of male specimens. So far as I have found, the geni-
talia are a very distinguishing feature from other Pliisia forms.

June, -1902.] Ottolengui : NoTES ON Calocampa. 77

Syngrapha parilis jWv/. (PI. XUl, Fig. 15.)

My specimens identified at British Museum. I am not sure
whether the type of parilis is there or not, though from their labeling
of my material I should think it is. The type of quadriplaga Walker,
is there, however, and is identical.

In closing this paper I would add but a few words in regard to
separation of species. A great many are very closely allied, and
single specimens of two species might be supposed to be identical, the
differences being so slight. A study of good series, however, shows
that the differences, though slight, are constant, and therefore reliable.
The same is true of the genitalia, which must be noted very closely,
and I am told that this is also true of larvge, species feeding together,
and looking alike, yet emerging as distinct forms.

One of the seemingly slight divergences which is absolutely reliable
in separating species I will mention. Especially in the rectangula
group, species may often be known by their secondaries, even when
the primaries are so worn as to make identification doubtful. Broadly
speaking there are two patterns : in one the base of the wing is a dirty
yellowish, the border being blackish. These we may call " bordered."
In the other, the base of the wing is tinged with a lighter shade of the
border color, thus producing an oblique band or bar of the yellowish
shade, crossing the wing centrally. These are the "banded." Of
the " bordered " forms rectangula is a good example, while vaccinii is
a conspicuous example of the " banded."

NOTES ON CALOCAMPA WITH DESCRIPTION
OF A NEW SPECIES.

By Rodrigues Ottolengui.

(Plate X.)
Under this genus, Grote in his checklist, 1882, listed three species,
fiupera, cineritia, and citrvimacula. In Smith's list, 1891, only two
names are added to the above, bnicei and thoracica, the latter having
been described by Putman-Cramer as a variety of cineritia. I under-
took a closer scrutiny of the genus because of the fact that I appa-
rently had in my collection more forms than there were names in the
latest list, excepting bnicei, of which however I had access to the type.
I believed that two distinct forms were mixed under cineritia, as now

78 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

appears to be true, though not quite as I at first supposed. I had two
specimens, one exceedingly light and one so dark as to appear spe-
cifically distinct. These extremes are both figured. I began acquir-
ing material and soon had a long series, twelve fine specimens being
now before me. These show a gradation from the lighter to the dark-
est form, though the darkest is still considerably distinct from the next
in the series. Examination of the genitalia showed however that
throughout the series there is absolutely no variation, an interesting
corroboration of Professor Smith's contention that variations in the
genitalia will separate species, but not varieties of the same species,
however dissimilar the variety may be from the type.

This study of the genitalia however disclosed the fact that thoracica
is not a variety of cineritia, as it has been described and listed, but is
a distinct species. This I am told has been corroborated by breeding,
the larval stages of the two being also distinct.

The figures on the plate are from a woodcut, the insects having
first been photographed on the wood block. They may be consid-
ered authentic. Niipera is from a specimen carefully compared with
the type. Brucei is from the type itself Thoracica is from a specimen
in Mr. Doll's collection found with the type, labeled by Mr. Cramer
and agreeing absolutely with the type. Brillians, the new species
herewith described, is from the type.

Calocampa brillians, sp. nov. (PI. X, Fig. 3.)

Resembling cineritia and thoracica, but overcast with purplish and mahogany
shadows. Head and collar mahogany color. Thorax dark brown. Patagise, pearl
gray towards the base of primaries. Orbicular and reniform adjacent. The former
ringed with a geminate line, the outermost heavy, black. The reniform outlined
heavily in black at the lower inner curve, next to the orbicular. Centrally a pale
crescent, at the inner curve of which is a bright mahogany splotch, which is the be-
ginning of an orange- colored dash extending outwardly to a wave of the s. t. line
when it is sharply outlined by a black line outwardly and towards the lower margin
of the dash. The t. a. line is waved or dentate with second or geminate line carry-
ing one long outcurve towards the orbicular. T. p. line oblique, waved, inconspicuous.
S. t. line with a sharp notch near apex, then slightly waved, oblique, conspicuous
against the outer border of pearly gray. The s. t. line carries the black dash already
mentioned. The costa is black with three white dots between the reniform region
and the junction of the s. t. line. Above the orbicular and reniform and as far out-
ward as the s. t. line the area is mahogany brown. The base is pearly gray and the
median space the same, overcast with smoke. Secondaries, concolorous, mahogany
brown, with fringes lighter. Expands, 45 mm.

Habitat : Maine, New Hampshire.

June, I90-] DYAR : SUBDIVISION OF THE GeNUS PlUSIA. 79

Type ■ Male in the collection of the author.

Described from three specimens. The type is absolutely perfect,
taken in Maine. A co-type, labeled Webster, N. H., is a female m
Professor Smith's collection. There is more suffusion, and less of the
mahogany tinge, either sexual or because the specimen is older. A
second co-type is in the Brooklyn Institute, found in Dr. McKmght s
collection, labelled New Hampshire ; a male, and though probably an
old specimen, is only a little less brilliant than the type, with which,
however, it agrees in all essential features.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

^ . /, Via 6 " anenta. Light.

&■ TT- _ i< '« Dark.

FjcT. 3. " brillians, sp. nov. I'lg. 7-

Y'\Q. 4. " thoracica.

A GENERIC SUBDIVISION OF THE GENUS "
PLUSIA.

By Harrison G. Dvar.
Dr Ottolengui has asked me to review the species oi Plusia and
refer them to generic groups. I have done so with ^he following re-
sult The generic term Phvtometm is credited to Haworth by Guenee,
but I have been unable to consult a copy of the Lepidoptera Bnttanica,
as there is none to be found in Washington. Philadelphia or Boston
Agassiz's Nomenclator credits this genus to Stephens, and if this is
correct, the term will cause no trouble, falling as a ^y-nym.

Plusia accurata Hy. Edw., must be entirely excluded. The hind
wings have the median vein "trifid," the male antenna, are pecti-
nated and the palpi reach only about half way up the front. Dr.
Barnes kindly communicated to me examples of this rare species. ^ ^

Plusia is a typical Noctuid genus, belonging to the " quadrifin..
Tongue developed, eyes naked, cell of hind wings normah The
thorlxhasalarge spreading tuft and the abdomen is -ft^^ ^^ Hy
Front without prominent tubercle ; $ antenna ciliate. The follow
ing groups, some of which are of generic rank, may be recogmzed.
Palpi considerably exceeding the vertex of head.

Palpi upturned, evenly haired, third joint large, blade-hke. ^^^^^^^^^^^
External margin even

80 Journal New York Entomological Society. l^'o' x.

External margin falcate below apex Panchrysia.

Palpi obliquely ascending, second joint tufted below.

Wings narrow with a scale tooth at tornus Eosphoropteryx.

Palpi upturned, not, or but lit.le exceeding vertex.

Outer margin falcate ; a scale tooth at tornus Plusia.

Outer margin even.
Eyes normal.

Outer margin crenulate ; a moderate tooth at tornus Autographa.

Outer margin entire ; scarcely any tooth at tornus Euchalcia.

Eyes small, narrow Syngrapha.

Genus Polychrysia Hiihn.

Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 251, 1816. Type moneta Fabr.

" Die Schwingen mit einen ansehnlichen silbernen Mittzeichen
bemerkt, fast gans golden oder silbern scheinend, braunschattig ange-
legt."

Hubner thus describes the genus, using colorational characters only.
Moneta is mentioned, sole species and therefore type. The genus
may be recognized by the characters given in the table. Of one of the
American species, Deva trabca Smith, I may say that I am unable to
differentiate it specifically from the European moneta. The other
^\)^z\e-i, formosa Grt., has been discovered by Mr. Kearfott in the
larval state. The genus Chrysoptera Latr., is synonymous.

Genus Panchrysia Hi'ibn.

Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 252, 1816. Type deaurata Esp.

" Die Schwingen unrichtig braun bezeichnet, ganz golden und
braunschattig angelegt."

Type and sole species i?///r(? Hiibn., = deaurata Esp.; Deva Walk.
(Cat. Brit. Mus., XIV, 1791, 1858) is synonymous. The only Amer-
ican species referable, that 1 know, \s f'nrpiirigera Walk.

Genus Eosphoropteryx, nov.

Palpi obliquely ascending, second and third joints straight, exceeding the head
by nearly twice its length, second joint long haired below, third long, flattened.
Wings elongate, inner margin excavate, a tuft of scales at tornus ; outer margin con-
vex, entire. A thick double tuft on thorax, spreading ; a dorsal tuft on third
abdominal segment.

Named in allusion to the pink color on the wings of the type and
sole species, thxatiroides Guen.

Genus Plusia Ochs.
( Vhsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., IV, 89, 18 16. Type chrysitis Esp.

June, I902.] DyAR : SUBDIVISION OF THE GeNUS PlUSIA. 81

I follow Hampson in designating chrysifis as the type. Agrapha
Hiibn., oi which cerea may be considered type, and Diachrysia Hiibn.,
are synonyms. Diachrysia contains eight species in Hiibner's work,
but they appear congeneric and orichalcea Fab. , the second species
mentioned, may be regarded as the type. Four American species are
referable here.

Genus Autographa HUbu.

Hijbner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 251, 1816. Type ^-"///Az Guen.

"Die Schwingen mit goldenen oder sibernen Schriftzeichen
geziert und metallisch glanzend gefarbt."

Thirteen species are mentioned. The first species, parilis, is not
congeneric with the others. Therefore I have taken the second species
as type, circiimflexa Hiibn., (nee Linn.) = gittta Guen., a species prac-
tically identical with the American simplex. Under this restriction
Chrysodeixia Hiibn., type chalcites Esp., is synonymous. Chrysas-
pidia Hiibn. may be likewise referred here. The majority of the
American Plusias fall in this genus.

P. abrota Druce, described from Mexico, but now recorded from

Florida, falls here. It differs in the enormously developed abdominal

hairs ; but these are not improbably a secondary sexual character of

the male. Brassicx has remarkably developed lateral tufts in the

male and verruca and oxygramma have smaller ones. In the other

species this character is not marked. Snmoi, sackeni and diasema

have yellow secondaries, but agree in the shape of the eyes with this

genus.

Genus Euchalcia Hiibn.

Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 251, 1816. Type ilhtstris Fab.
" Die Schwingen mit blassen Zeichnen bemerkt, erbunt gefarbt."
Hiibner mentions three species, of which the first, illiistris Fab.,
may be considered the type. The European festucce may be referred
here also. The allied American forms, contexta, pittnami and stria-
tella will come here and Deva omata Ottol., also. This latter has the
aspect of a Basi bodes, but lacks the frontal tubercle. It does not
seem structurally different from Eiiclialcia.

Genus Syngrapha Hiibn.
Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 250, 1816. 'Yy^ie iwchemuarf hi Yioch..
" Die Schwingen mit metallglanzenweisen Schriftzeichen bemerkt,
die Senken gelb gefarbt."

82 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Hiibner includes three species under this definition. The first,
ain Hiibn., is not congeneric with the others, being referable Xo Aiito-
grapha. I have therefore regarded the second, divergens Fab., =
hochemoarthi Hoch., as the type. Under this restriction Caloplusia
Smith is synonymous. The restriction was made by Guenee (Spec.
Gen., VI, 355) in 1852, who excluded ain from his section Sy/ignip/ia.
Hiibner evidently intended to include all the yellow hind-winged Plu-
sias in Sy/igfapha, but this group can not be structurally defined.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF
NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIIDiE.— III.

(Plate XI.)

Bv Otto Seifert.

Arctia radians ]Valker.

Apantesis radians Wa'LV:.^^, Cat. Lep. Het., pt. Ill, 1S55, p. 632 (female).
Arctia phalerata var. incompleta BuTLER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. VIII, 5th
Ser., 1S81, p. 311 (male).

Several Arctia larv^ were found hidden under boards during the
daytime in rich hammock clearings at Island Grove, Florida, in differ-
ent stages of development from the beginning of March to the middle
of May. The larvae were velvety black with a dorsal chain of milk-
white spots and with reddish subventral hairs. They were fed with
what appeared to be a variety of Taraxacum. First pupa obtained
May 8th transformed to imago (9) May i8th. Exposed at the ham-
mock clearing, the 9 was found with a $ the next morning and de-
posited eggs at once. These were taken to New York City, May 20th.

Eggs. — " Obtuse cones, ' ' light straw color with rather bright, appar-
ently smooth surface, the fine reticulations only visible when magnified.
Diameter at base about 0.65 mm. At the time of exposure the tem-
perature at Island Grove was about 37° C. On arrival in New York
the weather was continuously rainy and cold, almost without exception,
the thermometer vacillating between 13° C. and 18° C. till nearly
June. June ist, early in the morning the young larvae left their egg-
shells of which they ate the larger part and remained idly for hours

June, I902.] SeIFERT: NoRTH AMERICAN ARCTIID/E. 83

near the remnants of the iridescent membranes. The larvee were
reared to maturity on Taraxacum tayaxacnin and Plantago major, with
occasionally some lettuce leaves. Structurally they do not deviate
from the other larvae of the group, the arrangement and development
of warts and bristles being normal. (G. H. French, Papilio, Vol. II,
p. 176, 1882; A. Gibson, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 369, 1900.)

Stage I. — The newly hatched larvcC are semitransparent, of a sordid
yello\vish-white with black warts. The head jet black, sparsely hairy ;
clypeus, epistoma, and mouth parts sordid whitish, the latter tipped
with brown. Hairs emitted singly from the warts, rather long but
even, except a few long projecting hairs from the anal segment ; legs
concolorous with body.

The singular variability of the young larva; during growth in the
first stage, which makes them appear all shades from amber color and
smoky greenish to sordid white, seems to have its cause in the irregu-
lar accumulation of pigment around the bases of the warts.

Stage II. — Right after moulting the larva; attain an average length
of 3.5 mm. when resting, measured from head to anal feet. Width of
head 0.6 mm. A white dorsal stripe, narrow on thoracic segments,
widening and attenuated in the middle of abdominal somites, and the
stellate uneven bristles on the warts are the most important features
obtained at this stage. The opaque white dorsal stripe is only partly
present on the prothoracic segment ; narrow and even on second and
third thoracic and anal segments ; the abdominal somites, except
the last one, have the stripe rather narrowed anteriorly owing to its
evading the bases of the minute subdorsal warts (i), but extending
posteriorly to the large subdorsal ones (ii) (Dyar, Entom. Amer., Vol.
VI, p. 74, 1890) and narrowing again near suture of somite. The
bases of warts i and ii are brownish, the brown shades spreading and
uniting to form a brownish band or area, less developed on the
thoracic segments ; below this lateral area the color is uniformly sooty
grayish, amber, or dusky green, only the summits of the warts black-
ish, their bases dusky orange. The hair on anterior warts of first seg-
ment is turned over the upper part of head.

Stage III. — After the second moult the larvae attain an average
length of 7.5 mm. when resting; width of head 0.9 mm. No ma-
terial changes have taken place, but the colors are more intensified.
Subdorsal warts bright black from their bases. The whole space be-
low lateral area dusky orange, sutures of suprastigmatal region more or

84 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

less shaded with bright reddish-brown. Bristles diverging in stellate
groups, of uneven length ; those of warts i and ii black ; the other
warts have the larger bristles black, the smaller ones whitish. Tho-
racic legs brown, abdominal ones concolorous with body ; venter
sooty olive.

Stage IV. — Pronounced changes are only in size and the more
marked colors. Average length of larvae 1.25 cm.; width of head 1.5
mm. The white band is inclined to separate into spindle-shaped
spots. Lateral area dull brown ; below this brown zone dusky amber
to obscured orange. Warts black, shiny ; bristles on stigmatal tuber-
cles and below grayish with a few black ones.

Stage V. — During this stage the larvae attain an average length of
2.2 cm. when resting. Width of head 1.8 ram.; width of third and
fourth segments 4 mm. Head black, polished ; setre of various
length, sparse ; epistoma, mouth parts and antennje sordid whitish, the
latter tipped with black. Neck pale reddish-brown. Body subdor-
sally and laterally more or less dark dull brown, with black tubercles
and bristles ; space below sooty-amber, variable in shade, warts black.

Bristles of stigmatal warts and downward pale rust-red as is also the
hair bent over vertex of head. The dorsal white band is separated
into spindle-shaped or rounded spots, which in some individuals be-
come obscured. Stigmata elliptical, deep ochre with black rim.
Thoracic legs black, prolegs blackish above ; feet ochre.

Stage VI. — Average length of larvte 3.0 cm.; width of head 2.5
mm. In general the whole area above stigmata is deep velvety black;
warts bright with black bristles. A row of prominent, mostly rounded,
spindle-shaped or even diamond-shaped white spots, from first to
seventh abdominal somites ; no spot or trace of one on the prothora-
cic or anal segments. On second, third and eleventh somites, the
white color is reduced to dots or a narrow line. Some of the larvae
have the white spots much obscured and dusky. In a few they are
dark slate- colored or scarcely traceable at all. Below the stigmata
to the pedal line the color is dull coffee -brown and the bristles as well
as those overshading the head are more or less rust-red. Thoracic
legs black, joints within greenish-white ; prolegs dull pale blackish.

With some of the larv^ the stigmatal and suprastigmatal areas ap-
pear almost banded. This has its cause apparently in the insufficiency
of dark pigment spreading from the bases of the warts, the dusky amber
or orange color of the skin being not entirely overcome.

June, I902,] SeIFERT : NORTH AMERICAN ArCTIID.E. 85

Stage VII. — Length of larvae when resting about 3.2 cm.; when in
motion 3.5 cm.; width of head 3.0 mm.; width of eighth segment 6.5
mm. Head shiny black, setK of uneven length, sparse. Epistoma and
bases of antennae sordid greenish- white, tips black. Neck reddish-
brown. Dorsal, subdorsal and lateral regions of body velvety black with
bright warts. With about 65 per cent, of the larvae a dorsal row of more
or less rounded milk-white spots is present, most pronounced from
the fourth to tenth segments, usually narrowed to a fine line on second,
third and eleventh segments, always absent on first and twelfth. Be-
lovv the lateral area the color is a dull, smoky coffee-brown, almost
greasy looking ; the rows of tubercles and their bases dull black.
Stigmata elliptic, narrow, deep ochre with black rim. Venter dull
dark brown. Thoracic legs black, bright ; within the joints greenish-
white, prolegs dull blackish. Bristles of uneven length rather short and
stiff, black above the spiracles, reddish from the stigmatal warts down-
wards, also those anteriorly on first segment covering upper part of head.

About 35 per cent, of the larvae have the white dorsal spots more
or less obscured, some (about 10 per cent, of the brood) have the
spots entirely obliterated.

The larvEe before pupating exude moisture and if well fed and
kept in roomy cages they form a voluminous, moist but loose cocoon,
mostly between leaves and soon transform to pupae. These quickly
turn from pale yellow to orange, reddish-brown and maroon, often
covered with a light bluish bloom. Many of the pupae remain
this way, but many deviate remarkably in color. Pupae formed at the
same time vary from uniform reddish-brown shades to reddish-brown
with dark brown wing cases ; often they are evenly dark brown or with,
lighter segmental joints ; stigmata of the lighter-colored pupae dark
brown. Thoracic segments and sheaths of limbs rather rugose; im-
movable segments wrinkled and densely punctured, movable ones
finely punctured anteriorly, bright and smooth posteriorly. On the
vertex just above the eyes are two patches of short, even, knobbed
bristles, similar to those forming a brush-like bunch at cremaster.
Above spiracles to dorsum the pupa is partly covered with patches of
very short even hair, like all the species of this group.

The 9 $ imagines appear first, early in the morning ; the ^ ^
following soon ; the latter when disturbed emit (like all the Eiiprepia'}
a clear, greenish liquid near the patagia which has a decided " citro-
nella"-like smell.

86 Journal. New V^'ork Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Eggs deposited in Florida May 20th, hatched June ist, first pup?e
July ist, imagines July 12th.

Eggs of two broods obtained in New York from the moths bred
from the Florida brood on July 15th hatched July 21 ; pupated
August 2 2d; first imagines September 5th. Stragglers not taken into
consideration, the time from depositing of eggs to imago state during
the warm months was 50 days. The variability in size of the pupae
finds its cause in the sexes; three pup?e measured: Length 1.65, 1.8,
1.9 cm.; width of fourth to sixth segment 5.0, 5.5, 6.5 mm.

The imagines were at first considered to be a variety of Arctia
vittata. Twenty-five freshly emerged 9 9 were successively exposed
at Rutherford, New Jersey, at such places where A. nals, pJialerata
and vittata are found ; females were also exposed on Staten Island
during the season, but none of these found mates. Twelve 9 9 niore
were sacrificed in this experiment on wooded lawns and meadows in
Bronx and at West Farms, where A. vittata is positively to be found,
and six on Long Island— but always without favorable result ; they
did not attract their own kind near New York.

About 500 perfect specimens of the three broods were examined.
It led to the conclusion that they are neither nais, phalerata nor true
vittata. The very constant 9 9 approach vittata closely, but the
black color on the abdomen is never so prevailing as with vittata and
the secondaries are always red. The very variable $ S are nearest to
■flats {$), were it not for the unchangeable pale costa and the
usually unbroken marginal band on secondaries. Out of the entire
number of specimens obtained only one, a 9 , has the costal margin
nearly edged by a fine black line, but the black color does not reach
the root of the wing. All the rest have the yellowish costal stripe
extended to the edge.

The comparison of 212 $ $ and 212 9 9 obtained from the three
broods of the Florida form shows the following results, relative to the

other forms of the group :

Mates.

>;. mark complete none.

> mark indicated or partly present 1 6.

Without trace of ^ mark 196.

Black marginal band on secondaries disconnected or broken into spots 85.

Marginal band on secondaries entire 127.

Hind wings red with black maculation none.

Hind wings ochre, profusely suffused with red, sometimes red prevailing 212.

Hind wings plain yellow or ochre none.

June, I902.] SeIFERT : NORTH AMERICAN ArCTIID.E. 87

The more obsolete the maculation on secondaries, the more is the
tendency to form a ^ mark on primaries and to widen the longitudi-
nal bands. The discal spot is usually obliterated where the black band
is broken into spots.

Females.
^ mark or traces of if present none-
Marginal bands on secondaries broken none.

Secondaries yellow, ochre or suflused with red none.

Secondaries red with broad black marginal band 212.

Male. — Head, collar and thorax dull yellowish, collar with two black
stripes or spots, often immaculate ; thorax with three black stripes ;
abdomen above rather deep ochre, dorsally banded with black, the
band most extended centrally, narrowed on last segment ; the width
of this band very variable. Head, thorax and abdomen below, also
legs and antennae black, only a few yellowish hairs near chest.

Primaries black with rather prominent yellowish-white fringes.
Stripes pale ochre ; costal stripe reaching transverse posterior band ;
the ochre color covering the edge of costa often to its whole length.
The central longitudinal stripe unites with transverse posterior band
and both terminate ; the former sending off a more or less extended
submedian dart or streak, often forked at the end, towards inner angle.
Interior margin bordered with an ochre stripe.

Secondaries ochre, rarely very pale, the ochre mostly suffused with
deep salmon or reddish, the latter often prevailing, always most intense
near inner margin. Costal region blackish, the black deepening and
extending at apex, forming a broad marginal band indented below apex
and never reaching anal angle. Fringes as on fore wings. The black
marginal band is subject to reduction into spots ; rarely reduced to
an apical spot and costal margin only. This reduction is generally
accompanied by an extension of the submedian stripe on primaries
to the inner angle and an attempt to produce a > mark.

Female. — Head, collar and thorax as with S ; abdomen black be-
low, above varying from red to ochre, interspersed with reddish hairs ;
dorsally banded with black to tip of abdomen. This band is some-
times of uniform width, but usually attenuated in the middle, very
rarely filling dorsal and lateral space so as to leave only a narrow red-
dish stripe above the confluent, tooth-like black bands below. Fringes
of wings less prominent than with $ .

Primaries black, only costal and central longitudinal stripes present,
the transverse posterior band fused with the longitudinal bands. The

88 Journal New York Entomological Society [Voi. x.

ochre-colored costal stripe beyond transverse posterior band is limited
to the extreme edge of costa only, never reaching apex. Often the
transverse posterior band is only rudimentary or is lacking altogether.
The central longitudinal stripe, never extending beyond the costal
stripe, inclines to send off a short submedian streak, thus getting
forked at the end. Interior margin bordered by a dull ochre
stripe.

Secondaries rather bright red. Costal region blackish, expanding
at apex to a broad black band reaching to inner angle. The band is-
variable in its width and sometimes the black extends beyond the
rather prominent discal spot, leaving only a limited red space near
root of wing.

The more produced the stripes on primaries, the more reduced is
the marginal band on secondaries, and with those individuals where
the bands on primaries are only represented by short streaks, the
black on hind wings extends from the costal margin and encloses the
discal spot, leaving less than a third of the wing red.

The size of the more typical individuals is in both sexes rather con-
stant, varying from 3.7 to 3.5 cm. The aberrative forms { S) are in
general behind this size, never expanding more than 3.5 cm.;
dwarfed specimens of both sexes 2.7 ( <? <? ) and 3.0 (99) cm. re-
spectively.

This moth has been by no means unknown. Several specimens
were collected by Mrs. Slosson in Florida. Perhaps all the 9 9
obtained from the South have been referred to A. vittata Fabr. ,
while the males, according to their appearance, were considered as
varieties of nais, plialerata or vittata.'^

Walker's description of y^/>(Z///n7> radians 9 agrees with figures 20
and 21, and Butler's description of Arclia plialcraia var. incompleta $ ^
agrees with figures 13, 14 and 15.

Several of the first imagines obtained with some of the larv?e were

* Besides the seven specimens which Mr. Seifert kindly gave rae, the U. S.
National Museum has eight specimens of a brood from Archer, Florida, bred by A.
Koebele (Dept. Agr., 2587), one female bred by Riley in Missouri (No. 126 L),
and two females captured in Washington, D. C, also a female with thinly scaled
hind wings, from Miami, Florida. This form is by far nearest to A. phalerata Harr.,
and differs therefrom only in the greater extension of the black markings. It may
not be possible to determine whether it was radians or decorata that served Fabrician
as the basis of his diagnosis of vittata, but it seems nearly certain that it is Walker's.
radians in the British Museum. — Harrison G. Dyar.

June, I902.J BUSCK : NORTH AMERICAN TiNEINA. 89

sent to Dr. H. G. Dyar as possibly A. vittata, but his opinion was that
they were neither " true vittata " nor " trnt phakrafay

From nah this form is separated easily, notwithstanding the extra-
ordinary resemblance of some of the aberrative forms of both sexes, by
the costal black line of the former.

The great majority of A. pJialcrata have a broad and well-developed
^ mark reaching from costal edge to inner margin and the normal
longitudinal stripes are not subject to notable change. In three
broods of this southern form there were not a dozen with a > mark
and then it was of slender design, never reaching the costa, but the
upper arm forming a hook.

Arctia vittata Fabr., is a more robust moth. The abdomen of the
female is nearly black, the hind wings red or yellow with a broad
marginal band. The males of " vittata " have an incomplete ^ mark,
rarely reaching the costa, the m,arginal band on secondaries is mostly
broken up into spots. A singular (perhaps atavistic) aberrative form
of vittata occurred throughout a whole brood (Long Island); all the
males having a complete, diaphanous, marginal band on secondaries,
destitute of scales, only edged above with dull blackish.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL

Arctia )-adians Walker. '

Numbers i to i6 include all the varieties of the males.

I, 2, 3 are individuals of the typical form. 4 to II show the gradual break-
ing up of the marginal band and development of longitudinal stripes.
12 to 16 are the rare forms with most complete 5; mark.

16, with almost immaculate hind wings showing the incapacity to complete the
^ mark ; rather tending to widen the longitudinal bands.

17, is the normal female form. (The specimen from which this figure has been
taken does not have a black costa. ) 18, 19, 20 and 21 are examples deviating from
the nonnal forms.

NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN TINEINA.

(Plate XIL)
By August Busck,

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Helice Chambers.

Chambers characterized this genus (Can. Ent., V, i88) with pal-
lidochrella Chambers, as type, thus :

90 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

This genus and the species on which I have founded it approaches Trypauisjiia
Clemens, Gelechia difficilisclla and more remotely Agnippe and Evippe. Wings hori-
zontal in repose, primaries lanceolate ; the costal attains the margin before the middle ;
the subcostal sends to the costal margin two branches before the end of the cell, one
from the end, another behind it and becomes iurcate before the tip, delivering a
branch to each margin. Cell narrow, closed by a short oblique and faint discal vein.
The median sends a branch to the dorsal margin and becomes furcate behind it. .Sub-
median furcate at base. Secondaries narrower than the primaries, apex long and
sharply pointed with the posterior margin suddenly and deeply incised beneath it and
the anal angle rounded ; costa eniarginate from, the middle to the apex. The costal
vein attains the margin about the middle. Subcostal straight, attaining the margin
just before the tip. Median dividing into three branches. Cell unclosed. *** Tongue
scaled, longer than the anterior coxce. Maxillary palpi small, but distinct under the
lens ; labial palpi long, slender, overarching the vertex, with the third joint almost
acicular and longer than the two others united ; the second joint is laterally slightly
compressed and slightly thickened towards its apex. Antennce simple, about two
thirds as long as the wings. Head and face smooth. Vertex short and face scarcely
retreating."

This characterization would necessarily, as Chambers says, make
Helice a Gelechiid genus.

Several times later Chambers compared Helice with the narrow-
winged Gelechiid genera Trypauisma Clemens, Evippe Chambers and
Agnippe Chambers, and in one place (Can. Ent., V, 230) he empha-
sized the family character in separating it from Eidotlica Chambers,
stating that "the hind wing is even more excised beneath the tip "
than in that genus. Again (Can. Ent., VII, 106) he says:

" Since and Ilclice and Agnippe resemble Laverita in having raised tufts of scales
on their wings" and (Can. Ent., IX, 231-232).* "This species {Helice pallido-
ihrel/a) will be considered — and is — a Gelechia in the wide sense — the sense in which
it is a convenient receptacle for every species that cannot be better disposed of. And
as I had previously described a very different species as G. pallidochrella.^ I suggest
for this species the specific x\?cn-\& gleiUtschi(cl!a.'''\

Thus, far in the definition and comprehension of this genus, Cham-
bers was not only right, but unusually clear and full in his character-
ization.

*This reference was evidently overlooked by Lord Walsingham when he wrote
his article in 1882. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, pp. 188-189.)

I This species, described as Depressaria pallidochrella (Can. Ent., IV, 126) and
mentioned (1. c, 129 and 147; Bull. Geo. Surv., IV, 138 ; Smith's List Lep. Bor.
Amer., No. 5272) is an entirely different thing and belongs in the germs Gnorimo-
schema Busck. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902.)

X This change of name is inadmissible when Helice is retained as a good genus
and the type must be known under the original r\a.m& pal/idoc/n-el/a.

June, I902.] BUSCK : NORTH AMERICAN TiNEINA. 91

But the trouble came when he sent out his "types." Then he
mixed up his Gelechiid species with a most singularly similar Ela-
chistid.

One of these latter, sent to Miss Murtfeldt as Helice pallidochrella,
was before Lord Walsingham, when he wrote in 1882 (Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc, X, 188):*

" This is evidently the species described by Mr. Chambers under the above name
[Ilelice palliciockreUa), but some mistake has undoubtedly been made in the original
description. Chambers writes of his genus Helice (Can. Ent., V, 188) 'secondaries
narrower than the primaries ; apex long and sharply pointed, with the posterior
margin suddenly and deeply incised beneath it and the anal angle rounded.' In Can.
Ent., VII, 106, Mr. Chambers states that ^ Sinoc, Helice and Agnippe resemble
Laverna in having raised tufts of scales on their wings.'

The specimen before me (Mr. Chambers' own specimen from Miss Murtfeldt' s
collection), has the hind wing narrow and evenly attenuated from near the base, not
incised below the apex and it has no signs of any raised tufts of scales on the fore-
wings. Mr. Chambers probably placed it in the genus Gelechia under the name of
Gelechia gleditschurlhi (Index, p. 144), having regard to the description which
he had given of the form of the hind wings ; but lacking this character it is not a true
Gelechia.''^

Another of these supposed types was sent to the U. S. National
Museum, where it is now supplied with Chambers' handwritten label
and the regular red museum type label No. 454. This is like the
specimen which Lord Walsingham had before him, has evenly atten-
uated hind wings, not excised below apex and it has no trace of
raised scale tufts on the fore wing. It is an Elachistid.

Two other specimens, received by Miss Murtfeldt from Chambers,
and now in Professor Fernald's collection, are also this same Elachistid,
wrongly labeled Helice pallidochrella, and one other such Elachistid is
in the National Museum, determined by Lord Walsingham and labeled
in his handwriting : Helice pallidochrella.

With all this evidence and with the actual acknowledgement of
fault by Chambers himself in his reply to Lord Walsingham f I had
made up my mind that Lord Walsingham was right in saying that

* This specimen with Lord Walsingham's blue label, No. 727, is now in the
collection of Professor Fernald, where — through his kindness — I had the oppor-
tunity to examine it carefully in May, 1900.

t "The defect in the description of the hind wing, to which Lord Walsingham calls
attention, may exist and may have been caused (as I have known similar mistakes in
other cases) by a slight fold or wrinkle under the tip. I have an indistinct recollection
that I observed something of this in this species" (Chambers, Can. Ent.,XV,95, 1883).

92 . Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Chambers had made a mistake in his original description, the more so
as not only does the specific description of Helice palliJochrella fit
those "types," but even the description of the venation might be
construed so as to fit very nearly, as will be seen by comparing it with
my delineation, made from the U. S. National Museum type no. 454
(PI. XII, Fig. 2).

Happily I had the opportunity in May, 1900, to go to the Museum
of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. , for the purpose of study-
ing Chambers' and Zeller's types. There I found twenty-four speci-
mens, labeled in Chambers' handwriting : Helice paUidochrelUi.

Of these, which all seem to be alike superficially, fifteen are true
Gelechiid^e and unquestionably represent Chambers' Helice pallida-
chrella. The others are the same as the " types " in the United States
National Museum and Professor Fernald's (Miss Murtfeldt's) collection
and represent an undescribed Elachistid species, forming a new genus,
erected for it below.

The genus Helice then must be retained as a good genus in the
family Gelechiid^ with the following interesting venation : Fore wing :
II veins, 5 absent, 7 and 8 out of 6, 3 and 4 stalked. Hind wing
under I, apex produced, termen emarginate, anal angle rounded, 6
veins, 5 and 6 absent, 3 and 4 stalked. (Plate XII, Fig. i.)

True types of this are found only in the Cambridge Museum and
in the United States National Museum (type no. 6257), which has
obtained one through the courtesy of Mr. Samuel Henshaw. The
supposed types in Professor Fernald's collection and in Cambridge
may be regarded as cotypes of a new genus and species, Cacelice per-
molestella, described below, the type of which is in the United States
National Museum (No. 454), hitherto supposed to represent Cham-
bers' species.

An examination of the figures i and 2 on Plate XII will explain the
very natural confusion of these strangely similar insects, belonging to
two different families. A similarity, so marked as to tempt the stu-
dent to infer one being a development from or another sex of the
other, while they in reality have an entirely different origin. The
similarity may be a result of common surroundings, food plants, ene-
mies, or other more subtle reasons.

Nothing definitely is known of the larval history of these two
species, but Chambers found them on honey locust ( Gleditschia tri-
canthos^ and supposed that his species fed in some way on this tree,

I

june,i902] Busck: North American Tineina. 93

possibly in tlie seed pods. It is likely that both species will be found
to have a common food plant.

In J. B. Smith's list of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, Professor
Riley placed tallidochrella as a synonym oi glandiferella Zeller = sella
Chambers (No. 5302) at the same time repeating pallidochrella as a
separate species under No. 5439-

There is no apparent reason for this synonymy from the entirely
different descriptions, the less so, as Chambers, when he pronounced
sella Chambers a synonym oi glandiferella Zeller (Can. Ent., IX, 14)
right below gives some notes on pallidochrella, without mentioning
the resemblance. That there is a slight general resemblance is true,
but that is all, and the two are generically different.

This is also remarked upon by Lord Walsingham (Proc. Zoo. Soc.
Lond., 72, 1897), and there he adds :

"Although it is obvious that pallidochrella is closely allied to glandiferella, I
am not quite convinced, that it is synonymous with it."

It is evident that Lord Walsingham must have had some additional
knowledge of Helice Chambers at this time, as the statement is in
direct contradiction to his earlier opinion quoted above.

Cacelice, gen. nov. (Elachistidse.)

Type : pennolestella Busck. Antenna four-t^fths, rather stout, simple ; labial
palpi long, smooth, recurved, pointed, terminal joint as long as second.

Fore wings elongate ovate, pointed ; 10 veins, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7
stalked, embracing apex, 8 absent, i* furcate at base. Hind wings narrow, lanceo-
late, pointed ; 6 veins, S and 6 absent, cell open between 7 and the stalked veins 3 and
4, 7 subobsolete towards base Posterior tibire with sparse, long hairs above.

Cacelice permolestella, sp. nov. (PI. XII, Fig. 2.)

Helice pallidochrella^^ K\.'i\y.G\i>.^\, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phil., X, l88, 1882.

Antennce dark purplish-brown, nearly black, with a longitudinal line of silvery
white dots in front, one on each joint ; first joint long purplish-white.* Labial
palpi purplish-white, dusted with dark fuscous. Head, thorax and fore wings light
reddish-gray, minutely dusted with dark purplish fuscous scales. Near base is an
inconspicuous, small, dark, bronzy brown, costal dot.f At basal third is a large
transverse dark bronzy-brown costal spot, reaching down across the fold ; j at about
the apical third is a smaller concolorous costal spot and the tip of the wing has the
dark scales collected into ill-defined transverse spots or streaks. Cilia reddish-gray,

* This same ornamention is found in Helice pallidochrella.
t Also found in Helice pallidochrella, but not mentioned by Chambers
X This spot is narrower and more pointed than the corresponding costal spot in
Helice pallidochrella.

94 Journal New York Entomological Societv. [Voi. x.

dusted with dark scales. Hind wings shining, dark fuscous ; cilia a shade lighter.
Legs silvery, strongly shaded on the outside with dark purple. Alar expanse lo mm.*

Habitat : Kentucky. Collector, V. T. Chambers. United States
National Museum type No. 454, formerly supposed to be the type of
/Helice pallidochrella.

Eumeyrickia, gen. nov. (CEcophoridae.) (PI. XII, Fig. 3).

Type : Chatochihis trimaculellus Fitch.

Antennae a little more than half as long as fore wings, evenly ciliated, l, through-
out except the basal joint, which is long and smooth, without pecten. Labial palpi
as in the genus Ypsoloplnis, second joint with a long dense projecting pointed tuft be-
neath, terminal joint erect, slender, pointed, markedly longer than second joint.
Head somewhat loosely scaled. Fore wings three times as long as broad, apex pointed,
termen oblique ; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen just below apex, 2 from before
angle of cell. Hind wings ovate, nearly I ; venation typically necophorid, 8 veins:
3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 parallel. Hind tibins rough haired. Both males and females
winged ; female with protruding horny ovipositor.

This interesting genus is named in honor of Dr. Edward Meyrick,
of England, the authority on the (Elcophoridai, who has most liberally
extended his help to the author through a long series of highly prized
letters.

I sent him a specimen and delineation of the present species, ask-
ing him whether it might be placed in any of his numerous Austra-
lian cecophorid genera. In his answer he says :

" I have no hesitation in regarding this as a new genus of < Ecophoridte. It is
allied, I think, generally to the Pleurota group and in my tabulation would come
near Atheropla, but I think it not really very near to any genus that I know ; from
those with mo-t similar characters it differs by the absence of antennal pecten and also
particularly by the terminal joint of palpi being longer than the second, which is quite
exceptional in tlie ( Ecophoridre."

Eumeyrickia trimaculella Fife]!.

Ch^thochilus triinacuUlla FrrcH, Rep. Nox. Ins., II, 233, 1S56.

Ypsotop/ius triviactilellus Chambers, Bull. Geo. Surv., IV, 167, 1S78 ; Riley,
Smith, List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5532, 1891.

Annrsia ? a/bapulvil/a Ch.\UK-£.k^, Can. Ent., VII, 147, 1875.

Chimahache ? haustellat i VValsingham, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 173,
1882 ; Riley, Smith List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5209, 1891.

Fortunately I have been able to study the types of all three
authors. Fitch's type in good condition and with his own large label
attached is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Cham-

* Helice pallidochrella is .slightly larger, 10.5-II mm; Chambers' measure,^
inch, is too small.

June, 1902.] BUSCK : NoRTH AMERICAN TlNEINA. 95

bers' unique type was deposited in the Belanger collection, Univer-
site Laval, Quebec, Canada, and through the kindness of the present
curator, Rev. Dr. C. E. Dionne, I secured last year this together
with all others of Chambers' types found there, with his original labels
attached. It is now in the U. S. National Museum under the type
number 5768. Finally I have studied Lord Walsingham's type in the
collection of Professor Fernald and through his kindness secured for
the National Museum one specimen, identical with the type and from
the same locality, Orono, Maine.

Without these good opportunities I hardly should have been able
to make out this synoynmy, but once it is known, it is easily substan-
tiated by the three careful descriptions.

Besides the types I have seen other specimens from the following
localities : Pennsylvania, New York, Maine and eastern Canada.

Babaiaxa, gen. nov. . (PI. XII, Fig. 4.)

Type : Psecadia delliella Fernald.

Antennre three fourths, simple, slightly pubescent, basal joint without pecten.
Labial palpi slender, smooth, curved, reaching vertex, terminal joint pointed, half as
long as second joint. Tongue stout, basal part scaled ; face, head and thorax smooth.
Fore wings elongate, three times as long as broad, costal and dorsal edges nearly
straight, parallel, apex obtusely pointed. 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked to costa, rest
separate, ib furcate at base. Hind wings as broad as fore wings, elongate-ovate ; 8
veins, vein 8 is connected at the end of the cell with 7 by an oblique cross vein and
basal part of vein 7 is obsolete, so that the upper side of the cell is formed not as
usual by the subcostal vein (7), but by the costal vein (8), and the cell thus actually
emits 7 veins ; veins 7 and 6 are parallel, 5 nearest to 6, 3 and 4 connate, inttrnal
veins [folds] to below 7 and to 6. Hind tibiae rough-haired above, middle and
terminal spurs well developed.

The very peculiar venation of the hind wing is, so far as I know,
unique in the Tineina, to which group this genus surely belongs, and
does not conform with the present definitions of any of the families,
except it be the Gelechiid?s.

I am quite uncertain about the true relationship of this form and
record its characters mainly in order to learn the opinions of other
workers.

Babaiaxa delliella Fernald.

Psecadia delliel a Fernald, Can. Ent., XXHI, 29, 189I ; Rilev, Smith, List
Lap. Bor. Amer. , No. 5235, 1891.

I have examined the type of this striking species in Professor
Fernald' s collection. The U. S. National Museum possesses speci-

96 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

men, determined by Professor Fernald and also fine specimens, collected
by Mr. E. A. Schwarz.
Habitat : Texas.

Blastobasis Zeller.

As remarked by Lord Walsingham (Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond., 91,
1897) the species placed in this genus in American lists do not con-
form with the type species {phycidella Zeller) in neuration.

There is one exception to this, namely sciaphiella Zeller, which
together with Blastobasis gtti/andi/ia: Busck (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu-
seum, XXXIII, 234, Plate I, Fig. 9, 1900), are the species at present
described from this continent, which properly belong in Blastobasis.

I have, however, other bred species of Blastobasis ; but as Lord
Walsingham has a monograph of this group nearly ready, I shall
not at present describe them. Until this monograph appears, the
other supposed species of Blastobasis may temporarily be placed in
Clemens' s genus Holcocera, to which most of the species truly belong.

To the latter genus should also be transferred the " fringed-wing
applebud moth," Nothris ? mali;^ei>iiiiella Murtfeldt (Mo. Agr. Exp.
Sta. Bull., No. 42, 1898) a type of which (No. 4017), received from
Mr. J. M. Stedman, is in the National Museum. It is possible that
this on further study will be found synonymous with one of the pre-
viously described species. Fig. 5 on Plate XII is a delineation of the
venation of this species made from the type.

Martyringa, gen nov. (Yponomeutidse. ) (Plate XII, Fig. 6.)

Type : iE^oconia latipennis ^Valsingham.

Antennae stout, compressed, with the lower edge serrate. Labial palpi long, re-
curved ; second joint slightly thickened and slightly rough beneath ; terminal joint as
long as second, slender pointed. Maxillary palpi small, porrected. Tongue well de-
veloped, scaled in its entire length. Face, head and thorax smooth. Fore wings
elongated, more than three times as long as broad, apex rounded ; II veins, 2 and 3
stalked, 5 absent, 8 and 9 out of 7 to termen just below apex. Hind wings as broad
as fore wings, 7 veins; 4 absent, 3 and 5 connate, 6 and 7 parallel. Posterior tibiae
smooth.

This striking venation alone easily separates this genus from any
described /American one and I am unable to find any exotic genus
like it. Among the American genera it comes nearest, though not
very near, Yponomeuta Latreille.

Martyringa latipennis Walsingham.

(7£gocoiiia latipciniis Walsingham, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila. , X, 190,
1S82 ; Rii.KY, Smith, List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5578, 1891.

June, I902.] BUSCK : NORTH AMERICAN TlXEINA. 97

This species was described from a single specimen in poor con-
dition in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Nat. Sci-
ences, which I have examined.

Mr. J. H. Durrant writes me that Lord Walsingham now has two
specimens in his collection from North Carolina (Morrison).

In the U. S. National Museum is one good specimen, collected by
Mr. F. C. Pratt at Travilah, Md., in July.

Plutella (?) multimaculella Chambers. (Plate XII, Fig. S.)

Gelechi I :" multiinactilella Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geo. Surv., IV, 89, 1S78 ;
Hagen, Papilio, IV, 99, 1884; Riley, Smith List, Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5414, 1891.

This insect is not a Plutella and is only placed temporarily in this
genus. It will form a new genus in the Yponomeutidse, but I prefer
to obtain more ample material before establishing such.

My object in treating this and some of the other species men-
tioned in this paper, at this time is merely to get rid of them from the
Gelechiidffi and place them at least in the family to which they belong,
until special study of that family can dispose of them finally.

This in order that they can be included in Dr. Dyar's forth-
coming Catalogue of North American Lepidoptera.

Gelechia ? niultimacitlella Chambers, has the following venation :
Fore wings ii veins; one of the dorsal veins (5?) absent; 8 and 9
out of 7, 7 to costa.

Hind wings 7 veins, 4 absent 5 and 6 stalked, 7 parallel with 6.

The labial palpi are smooth, both joints broad and flattened, ter-
minal joint not pointed, shorter than second joint and erect.

Mompha sexnotella Chambers. (Plate XII, Fig. 7.)

Gelechia sexnotella Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 88, 1878; Hagen,
Papilio, IV, 99, 1884; Riley, Smith, List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5482, 1891.

The unique type of this species is found in good condition and
with Chambers' handwritten label on the pin in the Cambridge
Museum of Comparative Zoology, where I studied it carefully in 1900.

It agrees well with Chambers' specific description, but it is an
Elachistid and may provisionally at least be included in Mompha
Hubner, though it differs from Meyrick's definition of this genus in
having veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked.

In the National Museum is a series of this species, bred from galls
on Trichostema dicholomiim from Georgiana, Florida. Similar galls

d^i Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

on the same plant are recorded in the notes of the Insectary, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, from Virginia and Pennsylvania.

Cosmoptryx floridanella Bciifoimi'iller.

C. nigrapiiHi-tella BusCK.

Since describing this species I have seen several other specimens
in various states of preservation and have more carefully examined Mr.
Beutenmiiller's type, United States National Museum type No. 496.

There is no doubt that it is the same species as nigrapunctella, the
type of which is a perfect, fresh and glossy specimen, while floridati-
ella was described from a flown and faded one.

Marmara Clonens.

While correcting my own mistakes I take the opportunity to call
attention to a fault in my delineation of the wing of this genus (Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, Plate 1, Fig. 14, 1900), which through some
unexplainable carelessness shows one costal vein more than it should,
and more than my explanation of the venation on page 246 would
indicate. This latter is correct.

Proleucoptera, gen. nov. (Tineidaj.)

Type : Leucoptera smilaciella Busck.

In the description of the above species (Journ. New York Ent.
Soc, VIII, 244-246, 1900), I pointed out that its wing venation
does not agree with that of the genus Leucoptera, but that it was in-
cluded in this genus on account of its evident close relation to it in
general characters and its identical life mode, larva and cocoon.

Dr. Edward Meyrick, to whom I have sent cotypes of nearly all
species described by me, and who has favored me with kind criticism
or remarks on all such, wrote me a year ago, the following comment
on this species which I c[uote in full with his permission.

" I am clearly of opinion that this i^Lciicoptera stiiilaciella) Busck should not
be included in Leucoptera, but should form a new genus. It differs from Leucoptera
in having the whole crown of the head tufted with rough hairs, whereas in Leucoptera
the head is quite smooth and glossy, with only the back of the crown sometimes
rough ; and in possessing distinct, short, drooping palpi, whereas in Leucoptera these
are obsolete.

" These characters are constant in the European and Australian species of Leu-
coptera.

" In the Australian and Malavan genus Crobylophora Meyrick, the head and palpi
are quite as in your species and it would go there better than in Leucoptera (the

June, 1902.] BUSCK : NORTH AMERICAN TiNEINA. 99

superficial characters of all three genera are very similar, viz., the white coloring,
metallic tornal spot and radiated dark and yellow apical markings). But the vena-
tion of Crobylophora is very similar to that of Leiicopfera, whereas your species
possesses several additional veins in the fore wing, giving it quite a different aspect
and showing that it is really a much earlier type and very interesting as probably ap-
proaching the ancestral form of both Crobylophora and Leiicopfera. I think, then,
that it would be a mistake to include it in either of these genera." (Letter of February
I r, 1901.)

I agree thoroughly with Dr. Meyrick's view and propose the name
Proleucoptera for this genus with smilaciella Busck as the type and
with the following characters.

Face smooth, head tufted; antennoe 4/5, basal joint enlarged and concave be-
neath to form a well-developed eye-cap. Labial palpi short, but distinct, drooping.*

Maxillary palpi absent; posterior tibiae hairy. Fore wings elongate- ovate, apex
produced, pointed, but heavy scaling makes the wing appear broad and truncate.
10 veins, all separate, I b furcate at base, 4 absent, 7 to costa, 8 absent. Hind wings
narrow, lanceolate ; cilia 4 ; 6 veins, 3 and 4 absent, cell open between 2 and 5.
(See Fig. 6, PL IX, Jour. JST. V. Ent. Soc, Vol. VIII, 1900.)

A very interesting help to the understanding of the relationship
between these genera is found in Chambers' Ceiniostoina albella, a large
series of which are in the U. S. National Museum, bred by Dr. Dyar
and myself from leaf mines on cottonwood collected by Dr. Dyar in
Colorado.

This insect, a specimen of which Stainton examined thirty years
ago and which he unhesitatingly placed as congeneric with the super-
ficially very similar European species of Leiicopfera, forms a connect-
ing link between Proleiiioptera and Crobylophora. It has the charac-
ters of the head exactly like Proleucoptera, in which genus it should
be placed (it is specifically difficult to separate from smilacielhi) , but
the venation presents some specialization approaching the younger
genera. Vein 1 1 is nearly obsolete, represented only by a slight proc-
ess from the subcostal vein and a faint thickening of the membrane ;
vein 6 is emitted from 7 to termen and both veins 4 and 5 are absent ;
\b furcate at base ; transverse vein, as in smilaiciella, very indistinct
especially between 7 and 9.

I would state that the two species of Leiicopfera from Florida de-
scribed by me, namely, L. eryfhrinella and L. guetfardella (Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 239-40) are true Leiicopfera, conforming in
every detail with the genus.

* They were overlooked in the description of the species.

100

Journal New York Ent. >mological Society

[Vol. X.

g- I

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI L
Venation of Helice pallidochj-ella Chambers.
" " Cacelice permolestella BusCK.

" " Eioneyrickia triniaculella FiTCH.

" " Babaiaxa deliiella Fernald.

" " Holcoccra maligeinmella MURTFELDT.

" " Mai-tyringa laiipennis Walsingham.

" " RIoinpha sex7iotella Chambers.
" " [Plutella) i?tii//iwaculena Cn.\-s\\\^K?..

TWO NEW GENERA OF BUNiEININE AFRICAN

MOTHS.

By a. S. Packard.

The two genera here proposed are founded on species heretofore
referred to the genus Nudaurelia. This latter genus is an African one,
and was originally separated by Rothschild from the Asiatic and Aus-
tralian genus Anthercra, with which the species were by the older
authors confounded. As regards the adult or imaginal stages the
Bunceinse of the Ethiopian realm are convergent types closely mimick-
ing the genuine Saturniidae. Their larvse are very spiny, and their
subterranean pupas, with their large cremasters, are sphingicampid in
form and structure.

Acanthocampa, gen. nov.

Sa/uniia Westwood, Proc. ZooL Soc. London, 1849, p. 41.

Anlhereea Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., v, p. 1241. 1855.

Nu/aurelia Rothschild, Novitates Zool., p. 41. 1S95 ; Sonthonnax, Annales
Lab. d' Etudes Soie, x, p. 24, 1 900-1901.

Ivtago. — $ and 9- Head in front moderately wide, narrowing slightly toward
the palpi ; squamation not shaggy as in Thyello, but moderately close. Palpi de-
pressed, reaching beyond the front, though they are short and small ; the terminal
hairs are long and are confused with those of the face ; end of the palpi rather broad,
the hairs uneven, so that the third joint can not be distinguished ; when denuded
(Fig. 4) they are seen to be small, 3-jointed, the second joint nearly twice as long as
the first, and the third button-shaped, no longer than thick. Antennae of $ sub-
plumose, with 35 joints ; well bipectinated nearly to the subfiliform tip, of which only
the last six joints bear minute vestigial pectinations ; the other pectinations are long,
slender, only a little shorter than in Thyella, with long dense ciliee.* Antennae of 9

*"The male antennae are 35-jointed with fifty-six rays on each side, the rays
rather long ; the two basal rays of each joint are obliquely porrected, so that the rays
form four series instead of all being on the same plane " (Westwood).

June, 1902.]

Packard : New Genera of African Moths.

101

with about 32 joints, subsiniple, somewhat flattened, the longest branches two-thirds
as long as the joints bearing them, and ending in two minute rather long setae ; the
distal pectinations forming short stout teeth. Thorax moderately stout, not shaggy as
in Thyella : there is a definite prothoracic collar.

Fore wings subfalcate, much as in Thyella; compared with those of Thyella
very similar in shape, but differing in the costa being a little less arched or curved
towards the apex, which is moderately acute, not so much so as in Thyella ; outer
edge slightly excavated ; inner angle not so square as in Thyella and more rounded.
Hind wings more rounded than in Thyella ; the apex much more rounded ; outer
edge rounder, as is the inner angle. The abdomen reaches to the beginning on the
inner edge of the hind wing of the extradiscal line.

Fig. I.

Fig. 2.

Acanthocampa belitia.
suranal plate; cl, clasper.

I, venation of fore wing; 2, genitalia, dorsal view; s.

Venation (Fig. i) : vein II 2 present, as in Thyella: origin of veins II I-3
much as in Thyella but situated a little farther out, the chief difference in the venation
is in vein III 2 being independent, i. e., moved towards the middle of the extradiscal
cell, so that the discal veins are very short, not much more than half as long as in
Thyella. As will be seen by reference to the figures the venation is very different
from that of Nudanrelia. The same features are also seen in the hind wings (Fig. 3),
the discal veins being very short, though the general proportions of the discal cell itself
are much the same in Thyella and Ahidaiirelia.

Markings : ground color obscure grayish-yellow or light fawn ; the ocellus on
the fore wing small, that on the hind wing about three times as large ; the clear space
being oval, that of the fore wings small, hemispherical, or rather semiovate, or half-
egg like in outline. The lines are white, the basal line inclined to be zigzag and the
extradiscal slightly scalloped, but not nearly so much so as in Thyella ; in general
the arrangement of the lines are much as in Niulaurelia cytkerea. Body and inner
edge of the hind wings not so shaggy and woolly as in Thyella.

Fore tibial odoriferous sack is very different from that of Thyella, being short,
about two thirds as long as the tibia itself, and as wide, oval-lanceolate, flattened,
not sharp at the end.

The fore tibia; are short and thick, with dense hairs entirely concealing the

102

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

odoriferous sack, but when denuded rather slender and only two thirds as long as
in Tliyclla : they end dorsally in two slender spurs which are longer in the J than in
the <y ; these spurs are not so stout as in Thyclla. Genitalia (Figs. 2, 5, 6j allied
to those of Thyello, but the suranal plate is narrower, compressed, subcultriform.

Y\v,

Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

AciDithocampa bdina. 3, venation of hind wing; 4, a palpus denuded; 5,
genitalia, sternal view ; 5, suranail plate ; cl, clasper; /, penis ; 6, genitalia, side view ;
s, suranal plate ; cl, clasper ; />, penis.

while that of Thyella is broad and flat ; the single pair of claspers are wide, but seen
from above longer and slenderer than in Thyella. The penis is a cylindrical subacute
process.

In its imaginal characters this genus agrees with Thyella in the
shape of the front of the head, the palpi and especially the plumose
antennae with their long delicate densely ciliated branches, as well as
in the shape and nature of the ocelli of each pair of wings ; also in
the $ genitalia. It differs decidedly from N'udaure/ia, with which it
has been associated, both in the antennae and venation. The 9
antennae being subsimple, the species need not be confounded with
those of Antlifriiia and Melanocera, in which the 9 antennae are stated
by Sonthonnax to be nearly as widely pectinated as in the male. Its
divergence from Thyella is brought out in the preceding description.

Larva. — Generic characters. While the imago approaches Thyella
in its most important characters, the larva is generically related to Nu-
daiirelia {N. dioue especially). It differs in the considerably shorter
spines, which, however, are not curved as they are in that species.
The dorsal spines of the thoracic and abdominal segments are all of
the same length and size ; the median dorsal spine of the eighth ab-
dominal segment is more deeply divided than in N. dione. It differs
also from N. dioue in the presence of the numerous flattened fungoid
warts, there being none present in that genus, so far as yet known.

The genus is represented by A. belina ( Westwood) a not uncom-
mon species in Natal (of which, according to Rothschild, Anthcreea

June 1902.] Packard : New Genera of African Moths. 103

hiiehneri Kirby is a synonym); and by A. zambesina (Walker) from Zan-
zibar. What is probably a third species is Niidaurelia fclderi of Roths-
child, from Bogos, Abyssinia. I'he wings of this species, he states,
are " very similar to red varieties oi N'. belina (Westw. ), but without
the ocellus on the fore wings, there being only a small square vitreous
spot. Another difference is the very broad white border to the ocelli
of the hind wings." (Novitates Zoologicte, ii, p. 42, 1895.)

Larva of A. belina. — Last stage. Head about one half as wide as the body,
slightly more than half as wide as the pro'thoracic segment ; deep black, unarmed ; sur-
face with groups of from l to 8 microscopic granulations, arranged in irregular rows.
Surface of the prothoracic plate rugose, unarmed, but bearing a number of long white
hairs. In front of the prothoracic spiracle is a very low flattened tubercle not easy to
detect, bearing about eight setiferous warts; lower down above the base of the leg is
a low rounded tubercle about the size and shape of the one above, and bearing from
5 to 6 minute setiferous warts.

The body behind the prothoracic segment, including the 9th abdominal seg-
ment, is armed with stout black spines, all of the same size, which are inclined
backwards, but not cu7-ved, being nearly straight and sharp, and from around the base
arise about five long white radiating hairs, some nearly as large as the spine itself.
The spines are rather short and small, but yet conspicuous (they are apparently
longer than in N'tidaurelia dione and Thyella tyrrkea).

The spines of the infraspiracular row are acute, black, and only about one half
as large as those of the supraspiracular row. A series of still smaller ones along the
base of the abdominal legs, becoming larger and more prominent on the legless
abdominal segments i, 2, 7 and 8.

The median horn on the 8th abdominal segment is no longer than the other
dorsal spines ; it is very deeply cleft (the largest), in one example much more so than
\x\ N. dione ; in the smaller specimen (60 mm. in length) it is no more forked than in
A'^. dione).

Suranal plate large, rounded on the hinder edge ; the surface black, moderately
convex and granulated, the microscopic granulations around the edge larger, with
scattered very tine setae. Anal legs large, black, subtriangular, with scattered warts.

Body above and beneath almost entirely covered with dense fungoid pearl-
colored oval or polygonal warts, throwing off pearly reflections, and centered with a
minute pit. These fungoid warts are more numerous and more crowded than in any
other of the genera possessing them. Spiracles black. A reddish flesh-colored dis-
coloration on each sideof each thoracic segment, below where the spiracles should be
if present, and below the prothoracic spiracle. Thoracic, middle abdominal and anal
legs black. Length, 80 mm.

A Smaller One of Last Stoge. — Length 60 mm. In the smallest of the three
larvae the median "horn" or spine is no more deeply cleft than in A', dione. That
it is in the last stage is shown by the head being of the same size as in the others.

The fungoid warts are much less numerous. It also has more hairs arising from
the spines, and they are inserted higher up from the base of the spine ; also the
spinules are reddish, but in the two other larvae black.

104 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

For the opportunity of examining these and other larvae, which are
preserved in formaline and glycerine, so as to well retain the shape
and colors, I am indebted to the generosity of Lieut. Col. J. M. Faw-
cett, of Carlisle, England, who has added so much to our knowledge
of the Sphingicampid and Saturnian larvse of southern Africa.

Aurivillius, gen. nov.

Saturnia Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, March 27, 1849, p. 41.

Anthenra Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., V; Maassex u. Weymer, Bei-
trage zur Schmett. , IV, fig. 59, 18S1 ; Kirbv, Syn. CaL Lep. Het., I, p. 756, 1892.

Kiidaurelia ROTHSCHILD, Novitates Zoologicae, II, p. 43, 1S95 ; SoNTHONNAX,
Annales des Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Soie, X, p. 7, 1901.

This genus is dedicated to Professor Dr. Chr. Aurivillius, of
Stockholm, who has added so much to our knowledge of the Lepi-
doptera of the Ethiopian realm. The type is Xiidaurelia a rata
(Westwood); no other species is as yet known. It inhabits Natal.

Imago. — (J. Head smaller in front, not so broad as in Nudatirelia cyihetca.
Antennae of male not so broadly pectinated ; the tip with 7-8 joints, filiform, a little
slenderer and the vestigial pectinations shorter than in A^udatirdia ; the joints are
rather long, slender and contracted at their base, especially those beyond the middle,,
where they are nearly three times as long as broad. Palpi stout, well developed,
densely scaled, 3-jointed ; when denuded they seem to be rather slender, the second
joint nearly twice as long as the first, the third button-like, not quite so long as the
second is thick.

Thorax moderately stout ; vestiture moderately long ; abdomen not very stout.

Fore wings somewhat more arched on the costal edge, and the apex more pointed
than in Xudaurelia cylherea. Hind wings with the apex rounded ; the outer edge
moderately convex. Abdomen not extending to the cuter third of the inner edge.

Venation : (Fig. 7) that of the fore wings differs entirely from the arrangement
of the veins in A'lidjtirelia cytherea : in the place of origin of the first subcostal vein
(II I ), which is situated at a point in front (towards the costa) of the end of thedistal
cell (in Xudaurelia it arises a little beyond the middle of the cell), it arises, moreover,
a little more than half way between the origin of the common stalk of II I, II 2, II 3,
and 11^, and the stalk of veins II I and II 3. The two discal veins (discocellulars)
form a rather short straight line ; vein III 3 is partly detached, slightly more than in
Nudaurelia. The venation of the hind wings is much as \xi. Xudaurelia, with slight
differences. Fig. 9.

Legs rather long, fore tibi?e rather long, the tarsi normal, well developed ; tibia!
epiphysis of ,J a little more than half as long as the tibia; oval-lanceolate, tip rather
sharp ; inner and outer surfaces clothed with a dense, very short pile ; but along the
outer edge a few large long scales. No spurs on fore tibiae, but a short one on middle
and hind tibiae.

The male genitalia (Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14^ present notable differences
from those of Nudaurelia ; the suranal plate is broad at base, but ends in a long

June, 1902.J Packard : New Genera of African Moths. 105

Fig. 7. Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. II.

Fig. 12.

Fig. i.i.

Fig. 14.

Atirivillius aratiis. 7, venation of fore wing ; 8, genitalia, ventral view with

the last tergite removed ; i^ specialized e.xtremity; 14, genitalia, side view of suranal
plate ; s, suranal plate ; 5^ specialized extremity ; s^^, process from base ; J^S a
second process from beyond the base of suranal plate ; /, penis.

106 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

(seen tergally) spatulate process, while that of Nudaiirelia is scarcely longer- than
broad, and has no such prolongation, only a little knob ; the claspers are longer, while
the penis is very large and wide, ending in a wide lobe (seen tergally) and extends
nearly to the end of the claspers.

The markings are in general similar to those of Niidaio-elia cylherea, but the
discal spot of the fore wings is much smaller, and less complete, the clear space
minute ; on the hind wings the discal spot forms a large red ocellus, the center piled
with black scales.

Should the generic name here given have been preoccupied, it may bejchanged^to
Etiatirivillitis.

A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN
SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHOREUTIS.

By W. D. Kearfott.

These exquisite little creatures with their wealth of silver and
metallic scales have always been of more than ordinary interest to me,
and when I had the good fortune to breed a long series last summer,
the subsequent efforts to identify them aroused an additional interest
in the literature on the subject, of which this paper is the result.

I took a number of my bred specimens to the National Museum
and compared them with all of the North American and European
species there but could find none that were the same as mine. I then
forwarded a pair to Lord Walsingham and another pair to Mr.
E. J. Meyrick. Their replies, which I quote below, indicated
that my species might be new and also raised the question whether
the true bjerkandrella Thunb., and its var. pretiosana Dup., which
have so long been on our lists, really do occur in the United
States.

The investigation of the latter question was considerably more than
I had bargained for, and for a novice seemed like presumption so soon
after the revision of this group by Dr. Dyar and Professor Fernald,
in the Canadian Entomologist.

I was fortunately, however, in possession of a goodly number of
specimens from widely separated parts of North America, and as a
primary requisite I obtained from Drs. Staudinger and Bang-Hass
long series of the European bjerkandrella 3.nd pretiosana, as well as all
other available European species of this genus. I was rather alarmed
to find that, while closely allied, none of the European forms compared

June, 1902.] KeARFOTT : On NoRTH AMERICAN ChOREUTES. 107

exactly with any I had from this country. I then borrowed from Dr.
Dietz all of his specimens and again visited the National Museum and
examined carefully all the specimens there (both North American and
European). In the meantime Lord Walsingham kindly sent me a
pair of silphiella, which he collected thirty years ago in California and
Mr. Meyrick a specimen from New Zealand. Miss Murtfeldt also
loaned me one of her Missouri bred specimens. Altogether I have
had the opportunity for critical comparison of between 250 and 300
specimens.

Almost from the beginning I was convinced that we had a larger
number of valid species than was indicated by the late synopses and
this conviction was strengthened by the examination of each fresh lot
of material, and what was most convincing was that the specimens
could readily and easily be separated out into the specific groups I had
arranged for them and moreover the species did not intergrade and I
have seen no specimens that could doubtfully be referred to two or
more species.

The only stumbling block was the separation oi pretiosana from the
nearest allied American form, as it certainly was but little less than
sacrilege to attempt to root up and cast away so venerable a trespasser
from our lists ; in point of fact I have not a particle of doubt that
in the, possibly not very remote, past pretiosana was common to
North America, Eurasia, Australasia and possibly South America (I
have an unidentified species allied to it from Brazil) but time and en-
vironment produce changes and I believe when a change becomes a
fixture and invariable new species are evolved. In fact our science
is based on evolution ; we generally agree with Darwin that man's
ancestor was monkey and while we can also agree that both have
many characteristics in common it would be difficult to find one with
the temerity to claim they were the same species or even that one is a
variety of the other ; and so, I have taken the stand that our Ameri-
can forms have all so far departed from the stem forms that we have
separate and distinct species.

I have recognized twelve species and one variety and it is a nice
question for the splitters and lumpers to decide whether there are ten
varieties of pretiosana or whether they are all pretiosana or whether
they are all good species. My conclusions point to the last, for the
simple reason there is no trouble to separate out the species. For-
tunately, in only one instance, was there a single specimen to repre-

108 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

sent a species, that, ho\ve\'er, extrincicclla, is so distinct from all
others that it could not be an intergrade ; of one other there were two
specimens, of the balance from three to thirty odd. The largest
number were of my bred specimens, cardiiiclla, and of all of this num-
ber thirty-eight specimens, the marks, colors, shape, and size are con-
stant in each, excepting, of course, the $ is slightly smaller than
the 9 .

Unfortunately we have but little knowledge of the larval habits and
life-histories of our American species. AMien these are all worked out
we shall have better evidence to go by than classification based prin-
cipally on coloration. Miss Murtfeldt has recorded the finding of the
larvae in communities on Gnaplialiitm poIycepJuihim webbing the leaves
and when nearly mature spinning quantities of somewhat viscid silk.
In the National Museum are quite a number of specimens bred by
Chittenden in the vicinity of Chicago on the same plant and with
the same habit. Miss Murtfeldt' s bred specimen is identical with the
Chicago specimens, as are also flown specimens taken by Dr. Dietz at
Hazleton, Pa., and all are very distinct from any other North Ameri-
can species. This species I have named guaplialiella.

The larvae of silphiella were found by Mr. Coquillett in Illinois on
SilpJiium iutegrifolinm in nests formed by fastening the terminal leaves
together by a few threads.

I found the larvre of carduiella feeding on the pith inside the main
stalks of Cardiiits spinosissiinus at Anglesia, N. J-

It will be observed that the habits of the only three larva known
are quite different, the first spinning considerable silk and webbing
the leaves, the second fastening leaves together with silken threads and
the third, borers in the stalk. These differences in larval habits, not
to mention the different food plants, would seem to indicate different
species, especially as in the case of the first named, bred by two peo-
ple, in different localities, but with exactly the sam.e habits and pro-
ducing exactly the same moths. The earber descriptions of the larvae
are brief but they also seem to indicate differences.

As our early entomological literature is so widely scattered and fre-
quently almost unavailable to the majority of working entomologists
from having been published in foreign magazines or early American
journals that have long been out of i)rint, I have taken the liberty of
repeating the original descriptions and the few references to the
American species of the genus, so as to bring together in one paper

June, 1902.] KeARFOTT : On XoRl H A^iIERICAN ChOREUTES. 109

all of the information on the subject that I have been able to locate,
hoping it will be of assistance to others who may become interested in
this group.

After each description I have also stated the chief claims for specific
difference, usually in a comparative way to quickly assist in the identi-
fication. I have found one reference to American species of this genus
by Zeller in Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, 320, 1875, of which
the following is a literal translation :

" Chort'Htis pretiosana DuPONCHEL, Suppl. IV, 182, pi. 65, f. 9.

" Choreutis vibrana var. australh Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 643.

"This species, which is found in the vicinity of the Mediterranean Sea, is separated
from bjerkandrella Thunb. {vU>7-ana Hubn.), only by its smaller size and lighter
color, the markings are identical but the fore wings of bjerkandrella have not always a
less convex hind margin. Besides pretiosana diflers somewhat in size and the 9 i*
somewhat smaller than the $ .

" The seven North American examples before me are still smaller than the 9
of the European /;-c'/2'(?.rtf««. In the four from Texas, the two curved bands composed
of raised scales (the first rather straight before the middle, the second bent and en-
larged by two-thirds above the middle) are light gray, in the three from Ohio, which
Schlager determined &S attstnlis, are pure white, so that the scales, under an ordi-
nary lens, on the outer band are only indistinctly visible. ( If these white bands are
constant, these specimens may be separated as var. o/noe?isis. ) I have taken in
Syracuse (Asia- Minor?) a similar 9 less distinctly white, but agreeing otherwise.

" That the specific identity between the American and European examples is cer-
tain, and as an importation is not to be thought oi pretiosana can be added to the
species originally common to both continents."

I feel quite sure had Zeller the opportunity for studying large series
of specimens from all parts of North America, he would have modified
the views as expressed above, in fact Lord Walsingham, who has, 1
believe, the identical Texas and Ohio examples referred to by Zeller
has compared them with specimens of carditiella and pronounces them
distinct and even expresses a doubt that the European forms occur in
this country at all, as will be noted in copy of his letter under the
caption of cardttiella.

Lord Walsingham, in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1882, Vol. X, p.
167, refers to bjerkandrella and says :

" This species has not, so far as I am aware, been recorded from North .\mer
ica. I have received it from Miss Murtfeldt, from whom the specimens in Professor
Fernald's collection were also obtained. It occurs also in California, together with
a form identical with, or very closely allied to, Choreutis silphiella Grote (Papilio,
Vol. I, p. 40), which must probably be regarded as distinct."

110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.

Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings pointed at apex.

With metallic scales on hind wings.

A few green metallic scales on fore wings infiatella.

Metallic scales lilaceous only var. virginiella.

Without metallic scales on hind wings dyarella. '

Fore wings rounded at apex.

Fore wings ochreous at base.

Hind wings heavily white-banded silphiella.

Hind wings with short white dash gnaphaliella. -

Hind wings with no white dash carduiella.

Fore wings brown at base, or slightly ochreous.

Fore wings with two prominent white bands onustana.

Fore wings with the bands not white.

Basal brown space without or witli but a faint lilaceous band.

Outer edge of cloud defined by a curved line SOrorcuIella.

Outer edge of cloud indefinite; wings elongate coloradella. "

Basal space crossed by a whitish band.
This band curved.

Outer half of brown basal area not clouded with whitish

seal es occidentella .

Outer half of brown basal area clouded with whitish

scales busckiella.

This band straight extrincicella.

Fore wings white at base leucobasis.

Choreutis infiatella Clem.

1863. Brenthia iiiflatella Clemen's, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. II, p. 5.

1872. Brenthia infiatella St.\ixton, Tineina No. Am., p. 209.

1900. Choreutis i)ijlaiella DvAR, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 85.

1900. C/iofc'ntis injlatclla Fernald, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 242.

Original description :

" Fore wings dull orange; in the middle of the wing dark fuscous, dusted with
white. At the base of the wings are three or four small spots of a beautiful metallic
green, and two others of the same hue, on the disk, between which, on the costa, is a
small white spot. At the apical third of the wing is a curved metallic green band,
extending from the costa to the inner angle, beginning on the costa in a small white
spot. A little beyond the metallic line, towards the base 6f the wing, on the inner
margin, is a small spot of the same metallic hue. Near the hinder margin is a sub-
terminal dark fuscous line, which from the costa to the middle of the wing is overlaid
with metallic green scales, and on the costa between the two transverse lines, is a
white spot. Cilia fuscous, white in the middle of the wing. Hind wings dull fus-
cous, with two iridescent spots near the inner angle. Abdomen with two iridescent
spots near the tip.

" Antennae fuscous, annulated with white. Head and labial palpi gray varied
with fuscous. Feet dark fuscous annulated with white. I have before me a single
specimen taken on tlie wing in July."

June, 1902.] Kearfott : On North American Choreutes. Ill

Var. virginiella Clem.

1864. Brenthia virginiella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. Ill, p. 505.
1872. Brenthia virginiella Stainton, Tineina No. Am., p. 257.
1900. Choreutis vi7-giniella Dyar, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, 85.
1900. CJtoreutis virginiella Fernald, Can. Ent., XXXII, 243.

Original description :

"Fore wings dark brown, tinged with ochreous between the markings towards
the tip, with an oblique, somewhat violet-hued silvery line, from the costa at the
apical third, directed towards the anal angle ; a line of the same hue from the tip of
the wing, parallel to the hinder margin, and a white costal streak equidistant from
the two silvery lines. On the inner margin, a little interior to the anal angle, is a
silvery, somewhat violet hued spot. Cilia whitish beneath the tip of the wing, with
a dark intercilial line. Hind wings dark brownish, with a silvery spot near the hinder
margin above the anal angle. A single specimen. Virginia. Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila."

It is unfortunate that Dr. Clemens could not have reversed the
order of publication of the above descriptions, so that the form with
lilaceous scales only {virginiella) could be the species, and that with
a few scattered greenish metallic scales {i/iflatella) the variety, as
the former is the most common form. I have before me seven speci-
mens o{ virginiella, five taken in the vicinity of Montclair, N. J., and
two from collection of Dr. Dietz, labelled Toronto, Can., and have
examined at the National Museum one specimen from Boston, Mass.
(coll. Beutenmiiller). There is also in the National Museum one
i\)e.c\vaenoi inflate I la (locality unknown).

The only difference that I can discover and in fact the only differ-
ence in Dr. Clemens' descriptions, although they are differently
worded, of virginiella and inflatella is that the latter has a {^.w greenish
metallic scales on the inner and costal half of fore wings, while on vir-
giniella all the scales are lilaceous. The outer marginal band of metallic
scales on inflatella as well as other scales on outer half of fore wing are
of this same color. So the only difference is that while in virginiella
all the metallic scales are lilaceous, in inflatella some are lilaceous and
some have a greenish reflection. I do not consider this a specific dif-
ference, but it may be known by its varietal name at least until the
life history is known. It is probably the most distinct and least
variable of any of the species of this genus, its nearest prototypes being
C. myllerana F. of Europe and the larger Pacific Coast form dyarella.

The chief distinguishing characters are :

I. Shape of primaries unlike any Choreutis, excf^t dyarella ; apex
terminates in a sharp point and outer margin nearly straight ; in these

112 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

respects it more nearly resembles the genus SiDuvthis, where it may
finally land.

2. A triangular ochreous area extending from tip along one-third
of costa, thence to hind angle ; this is divided by a paler ochreous
wedge-shaped streak, widest at costa and pointed at hind angle.

3. On the costa, enclosed by the pale ochreous streak is a white
spot, or triangular dash, base line along costa, lower apex pointing
towards hind angle. There are two additional minute white costal
spots, at equal distance apart, between this larger spot and base.

4. In fresh specimens the inner half of primaries are very thickly
powdered with cream color scales.

Choreutis dyarella, sp. nov.

Dark brown, mixed with whitish scales. Fore wings shaded with bronzy red,
most distinct on apical half; a few metallic scales towards base. A straight white
shade from costa to inner margin at basal third, forming a distinct spot on costal edge.
A similar narrow line at outer third forming a dot on the costa, two at end of cell and
one on internal margin. A strongly curved line of metallic scale joins the costal and
marginal dots, is twice broken and touches outwardly the third transverse white band,
which reaches from costa before apex to anal angle and is nearly continuous, and is
broken only at upper third where the metallic scale band touches it. The submar-
ginal streak of metallic scales not reaching the apex. Fringe white, black at apex
and anal angle with a brown spot in the middle.

Hind wings blackish, the usual submarginal dash yellowish-white, distinct.
Fringe black with basal yellowish-white line ; outer half white except at apex and
anal angle.

Wings below smoky brown. Two obscure white dots on costa and a few scales
outwardly on fore wings. Hind wings with outer irregular white curved line with a
lunate white discal streak. Tarsi strongly banded with white. Femori blackish,
with a median whitish band. Expanse, 12 mm.

Described from three specimens from Dunsmuir, Cal. (Wickham).

National Museum type No. 6263, one co-type in my collection.

I take pleasure in naming this species after Dr. Dyar.

This is a slightly larger species than inflate/la, but it belongs to
the same group, with acutely pointed fore wings.

It can be distinguished from inflafella hy : (i) Larger size, (2)
no metallic scales on hind wings, and (3) white submarginal band
on under side of hind wings, in inflafella this, band is reduced to a
fine almost obsolete line.

Choreutis onustana Walk.

1864. SiiitiVthis onustana WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het., Pt. XXX, 996.

1875. Choreutis ohioetisis Zeller, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. XXV, 320.

1900. Choreutis onustana Dyar, Can. Ent. , Vol. XXXII, 85.

1900. Choreutis onustana Fernald, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXH, 242.

June, I902,] Kearfott : On North American Choreutes. 113

Original description :

" Male. Ferruginous. Palpi acute, not longer than the breadth of the head,
with a long dense fringe beneath; third joint lanceolate, much shorter than the
second. Antennce setose. Fore wings rounded at the tips, with two irregular,
whitish slightly curved bands, and with several glittering chalybeous black-bordered
dots ; first band before the middle, more oblique than the second, which is beyond
the middle ; a chalybeous streak along the basal part of the costa ; fringe bordered by
two cinereous lines. Length of body 2 lines ; of the wings 6 lines."

"Nova '^cotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection."

The general appearance, shape and size of this species is not unlike
European pretiosaua ; it differs from it in having two wide irregular
pure white bands extending from costa to hind margin on the fore
wing. Zeller received three specimens of this species from Ohio and
suggested the name oi oliioensis, if it should prove to be different from
bjerkandrella, but Walker's description was made in 1864 and Zeller' s
name must go in the synonymy.

Walker gives locality Nova Scotia; Professor Fernald adds Amherst,
Mass.; Dr. Dietz has specimens labelled Central New York, June i,
1887. In the National Museum are specimens from New Hampshire
and Ontario (Hanham), so it seems to be a northeastern species with
Ohio as the south and western limit. It can be distinguished readily
by the two broad, irregular, white bands, extending from costa to hind
margin. The inner band is at inner third and outer band beyond
outer third.
Choreutis gnaphaliella, sp. nov.

Light brown or fuscous. Abroad inner band 'and a narrow band near margin,
thickly sprinkled with whitish scales. Three large black spots.

Antennae dark brown, ringed with white. Head, palpi fuscous, latter white at
base ; outer ends of scales on head paler. Thorax yellow, ochreous, a median line
of whitish scales, patagia edged with ochreous.

Fore wings : Basal area ochreous, divided on median line by line of metallic
scales, also a fine line of same on costa and a few metallic scales close to hind mar-
gin on outer edge of ochreous patch. A broad, oblique, slightly curved band of
light brown heavily dusted with whitish scales, from costa to hind margin, outer edge
irregular ; a few scattered metallic scales on this band, near costa and near hind mar-
gm. A large oval, black velvety spot in center of outer half, a smaller black spot on
hind margin below and inwardly to large spot, a rectangular black spot on outer mar-
gin beyond large spot ; all of these spots separated from each other by ground color ;
a few black scales follow apical line. Between central black spot and costa is a rec-
tangular area of brown and ochreous scales, becoming almost black at outer edge ;
just beyond this, before apex, is a small patch of almost white. Scales forming a
white costal spot. In every place where there are black spots or scales, they are
overlaid with metallic scales. Outer marginal band brown, sprinkled with white
scales ; this band extends out on the fringe ; the latter is fuscous.

114 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

Hind wings : Light fuscous, veins darker. A whitish subterminal dash. Fringe
fuscous, shadowed by two pale marginal lines, outer edge paler.

Under side fore wing : Pale fuscous ; white marginal line from costa to hind
angle, paralleled by an inner whitish line. A white spot on costa at inner third,
another on hind margin at inner third. Under side hind wing : Pale fuscous, a paler
marginal line becoming white and broader at ape.v, nearly paralleled by a broader white
band, inside of this is a white dash. Abdomen brown, a band of whitish scales at
posterior edge of each segment. Legs so thickly covered with white scales that ground
color is almost hidden ; except tarsi, pale golden beneath and an alternate brown and
white ring on each joint above. Expanse, 7.5 to 8.5 mm.

Described from eight specimens. St. Louis, Mo. (Miss Murtfeldt)
Hazleton, Pa. i^Dr. Dietz), Chicago, Ills. (Chittenden.)

Type, U. S. Xat. Mas., Xo. 6264 : co-type. Collections, Murt-
feldt, Dietz, Kearfott.

The following description of larva and habits by Miss Murtfeldt is
quoted from Professor Fernald's paper, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 241 :

'•The larva is found late in June (in Missouri), and again in October, mining
and webbing the leaves of Gnaphalhim folycephaluiii. When small it works chiefly
between the cuticles of the leaves, but later feeds externally, spinning quantities of
somewhat viscid web, among which the black powder}- frass is profusely scattered.

■ " The mature larva is 6 mm. in length by 1. 5 in diameter across middle seg-
ments, from which it tapers very slightly in both directions ; form cylindrical, sub-
moniliform. Color translucent, whitish green, immaculate. Head oblique, same
color as body, but horny and polished. Collar inconspicuous. Legs concolorous
with general surface. Before the first transformation it becomes gregarious, the lance
spiiming their dense white sticky cocoons, something to the number of a dozen in
close proximity in the general web.

" Pupa pale golden brown, 4 mm. in length, and rather stout, with no especially
marked characters. Imagines in seven or eight days after pupation.

" In central Missouri the species is rather rare, and, within the limits of my ob-
servation, has only occurred three times within the last dozen years, although careful
watch for it has been maintained upon its food plant. So far it has not been found
upon any Gnaphaliuni or Antennaria, except G. polycepha'uin. I have never taken
this species at light.''

Choreutis silphiella Grotc.

iSSi. Choreutis silphiella Grote, Papilio, Vol. I, p. 40.

1882. Choreutis silphiella Walsingham, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, X, 167.

1886. Chalccela gemmalis HuLST, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XIII. 14S.

1890. Choreutis silphiella Dyar, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. S5.

1890. Choreutis silphiella YEKyALB. Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 241.

Original description :

" Thorax orange, with a metallic stripe on the teguk-e. Head olivaceous. Pec-
tus and basal joint of palpi whitish. Fore wings with the base orange, to a dusky,
inwardly oblique, transverse shade line. A longitudinal metallic stripe before the

June, I902.] Kearfott : On North Ai^ierican Choreutes. 115

shade line below costa and some metallic scales below median vein. Middle of the
wing mottled, grayish, enclosing two metallic discal spots edged with black, super-
posed ; below them two faint blackish lines to internal margin. Apical portion of the
wing taken up with a wide circle of dusky and orange scales enclosing a series of
metallic points edged with black. The space enclosed by the circle, near the margin,
is gray and mottled like the middle of the wing. The metallic spots have a violet or
green reflection. The circle is twice cut by oblique orange stripes, over the sub-
costal nervules and over the median nervules, in opposing positions. Edge of the
wing dusky, fringes dark. Costal edge with two white dots beneath, wide apart.
Hind wing blackish ; beneath crossed by a white sub-terminal band, and another be-
fore the middle of the wing. Length of fore wing 5 to 6 mm.

Hab. Illinois.

The larva of this species is described by jMr. Coquillett as follows :

"Body thickest at the middle, tapering towards each end, pale green; a dark
colored dorsal line ; piliferous spots and cervical shield green ; head small, nearly
horizontal, pale green, with a black dot on each side near the jaws, and usually with a
black dash on each side near the junction of the head with the first segment ; venter
pale green, unmarked ; 16 legs ; length, 13 mm. Lives in communities. on Silphiiim
integrifolium in nests formed by fastening the terminal leaves together with silken
threads. Found June 19 ; imagoes July 2."

Mr. Grote prefaces the above with the following : " Mr. Coquil-
lett has communicated to me specimens of a Choreiitis which he has
reared, together with a description of the larva. The species appears
to be new and is considered by Professor Fernald to be distinct from
pretiosana.'' Mr. Grote concludes his description with the state-
ment: ''a distinct but allied species of Clioreutis has been collected
by Mr. Hy. Edwards in California (Sierra Nevada)."

The following is Dr. Hulst's description of Chakcela geinmalis,
which is manifestly the same as Mr. Grote's species. I have not been
able to find Dr. Hulst's types. ^'^

"Expands 15 mm. Head brown, palpi brown, fringe in front; thorax and
basal portion of fore wings rich golden brown ; fore wings beyond light ochre, with
fuscous shadings ; margin yellowish brown, fringe black ; near middle of wing,
also just within indicated extramedian line, and also on subterminal space at middle,
is a velvety black spot, the three being in a row ; a fine black line runs from costa to
middle spot ; there is also midway along costa a faint subcostal black spot ; each of all
these spots surrounds a few bright golden metallic scales ; there is also a line of metallic
gold basally along costa ; hind wings nearly even, fuscous ; beneath, fuscous with a
golden tinge, a white spot on costa at beginning of outer line, which is indistinct ; an
outer cinereous line on hind wings ; all margins with whitish lines ; fringes fuscous.

* Hulst's type of C. gemtnalis is in the Hy. Edwards collection, American
Museum of Natural History, and it is identical with a specimen labeled C. silphiella
Gr. — W. Beutenmiiller.

116 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. x.-

''Two $ $, Sierra Nevada ^Mountains, CaL The second specimen has the
golden brown of thorax and fore wings replaced with fuscous."

In a general way this resembles the European bjerkandrella Thunb.,
but I have no hesitation in pronouncing it distinct, and moreover
from the material I have had an opportunity to examine it is not espe-
cially variable. Compared with bjei'kandrclla, the primaries are quite
different in outline, in bjei-kandrella they are rather short and rounded,
while in silphiella they are elongated and the outer margin instead of
being an easy curve is nearly straight. The ochreous base extends
farther along the costa than in hjerkaudrclla and its area is greater. The
general color of silpldella is lighter. The white lines and dashes on
the hind wings are much broader in silphiella ; this is especially appa-
rent on the under surface. The fringe on the hind wings is longer in
silphiella.

This species has a wide range. Coquillett, who bred the speci-
mens from which Grote described it, took the larvae in Illinois, Lord
Walsingham collected specimens which are labelled " Head of Noyo R.,
Mendocino Co., CaL, June 8 to ii, 1S71." I have specimens from
Yellowstone Park, Wyo. (Burrison), and Chicago (J. H. Reading).

In all of the specimens the marks and characters are constant with
very slight variation, certainly not enough to warrant a connecting
link between it and any other species recognized in this paper.

Its distinguishing characters are: (i) Large size, expanding 15
mrn.; (2) ochreous patch at base of primaries, involving one-quarter
of length of wing, head and thorax of same color; (3) outer three-
quarters of primaries thickly sprinkled with cream color scales ; (4)
two large velvety black spots on outer half, ornamented with metallic
scales, and (5) broad white dashes and lines on inferiors.

Choreutis carduiella, sp. nov.

Dark brown, thickly dusted with cinereous scales, without a lens the ground very-
dark, almost black, slate color.

Antennii? dark brown, ringed with whitish, tuft at tip of basal joint. Palpi brown,
streaked with orange on second joint, basal joint almost white.

Head brown, dusted with white specks. Thorax orange -ochreous streaked with
cinereous ; outer edge of patagia and two streaks on mesothorax cinereous. A row
of greenish metallic scales on inner edge of patagia.

Fore wings : Deep fold at base of median vein, above this at base is a tuft or
streak of long raised orange ochreous scales, below it is a smaller patch of shorter
scales, same color in 9 but dark umber in $ ; between these orchreous streaks on
median vein, also on costa next to base, is a tine line of metallic scales, also a few
metallic scales below ochreous patch near inner angle. Next, outwardly, is a broad

June, I902.] KeARFOTT t On NoRTH AMERICAN ChOREUTES. 117

band of ground color from costa to hind margin, thickly sprinkled with cinereous
scales, this band is divided on its lower half by a darker line free from lighter scales;
on the outer edge of this patch is a line of metallic scales extending half way across
wing from costa. Adjoining this outwardly on costa, is a broad patch of long raised
orange-ochreous scales, lower edge covering end of cell. On the outer edge of this
patch is a line of metallic scales separating it from a short dark oblique line.

Below orange patch is a large velvety-black spot, extending to outer margin,
but not to hind margin, this black patch is cut near its outer truncate end by a line of
orange-ochreous scales. Many metallic scales are sprinkled over the black. Just
■below orange patch, in center of wing on hind margin, is a small black spot, beyond
this is a smaller black spot. The long raised scales forming the large orange patch
above end of cell, become darker and almost black in the lower central part, where
it adjoins the black patch just below, these dark raised scales are heavily sprinkled
with metallic. The lower, outer edge of black patch, which closely follows line of
hind angle is defined by a narrow row of metallic scales. The outer margin below
apex is of ground color heavily overlaid with lighter scales, except at the apex, which
is almost free from these scales. Along costa just before apex is a short line of darker
ochreous, inside of this is a fine line of metallic scales, slightly cmved downward at
outer end, bordering this on the inner side is another in-egular band of ground color
free from lighter scales, inwardly is a broader band of ground color, heavily overlaid
with whitish scales, extending from costa to center of outer margin where it is
absorbed in the marginal band. Fringe fuscous.

Hind wings fuscous, no white dash, but a very few scattered whitish scales form-
ing a thin line along margin at and before apex. Fringe lighter fuscous.

Under side fore wings ; dark shining fuscous, a white oblique dash at outer third ;
this white dash is obsolete in some specimens ; a line of white scales along margin
and another line of white on fringe paralleling marginal line, a few whitish scales
inside of hind angle.

Under side hind wings ; same color as fore wing, a short apical curved white line,
a long curved submarginal white line, interrupted at upper third and a white dash in
center of wing ; a small white dot on costa about middle of wing. The white lines
and marks on under surface have a bluish reflection.

Abdomen : dark brown, almost black, broad band white scales at posterior end of
each segment, anal tuft blackish. Legs blackish, thickly sprinkled with white scales ;
tarsus golden on under side, white ring on each joint on upper side. Expanse, $ lo
mm., 9 12 to 13 mm.

Described from thirty-eight specimens bred from Cardiius spinosis-
simus Walt. Taken at Anglesea, N. J., June 21-23, 1901. Issued
July 2-10.

Types: d" and ?. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6265.
Co-types: Collections Walsingham, Meyrick, Dietz, Kearfott, Murt-
feldt, and Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

Larva. Last Stage: 12 mm. long, cylindrical, head and second segment
slightly tapering, anal end rather blunt. Color pale yellow.

Head : Width .95 mm.; length 1.05 mm.; color pale chestnut, strongly bilobed,

118 JOURNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

lobes full and rounded ; clypeus narrow at base, evenly triangular, high but not
reaching to second joint, suture between lobes deeply indented ; occelli on black field;
epistoma lighter chestnut or yellowish, labram and maxilla; brown ; antennae short ;
spinneret large, with a long spine or thick hair. On back edge of each lobe, partly
hidden by segment 2, is a triangular black spot and short black line following joint
dorsad. Setas on head long, 'i to 2_;' thickness of head.

Thoracic feet pale chestnut, basal joint of each whitish and defined by narrow
chitinous oval band, this band not complete, but absent on outer or lateral edge.
Shield on second segment same color as head, divided by paler dorsal line, moderate,
front edge straight, hind edge rounded, bears six seta; each side in usual position, a
larcre brown tubercle before and on a line with spiracle bears two setae ; another
large tubercle bearing two setae below spiracle. Segment three (mesothorax) tuber-
cles,ia + ib, iia + iib, iii separate, iv -i- v ; the first two and last in a vertical row,
iii between and caudad to iia + iib and iv -f v ; vi on center of segment just above
foot. The tubercles or tubercular plates are largest and darkest on prothoracic seg-
ment, slightly less on next and paler on metathorax, and all are darker than the ab-
dominal plates.

Abdominal segments i dorsad and cephalad to ii, iii dorsad and close to spiracle,
iv and v united caudad and cephalad to spiracle vi above base of proleg and just be-
low it on base of proleg is another small tubercle bearing a single seta (vi-a?).

Anal shield not chitinous. Abdominal tubercular plates are moderately large,
pale brownish-yellow. Setse are pale, rather long, about half body diameter.
Crochets on abdominal feet in closed circles, hooks brown. Tubercles on head look
like tiny globules of clear glass resting on the flatter surface, the tubercles on the
body tubercular plates are also tiny globules or points, from which the seta; arise.
Spiracles slightly elliptical and ringed with brown.

Skin slightly granulated and covered with very minute hairs.

Cocoon : Boat or hammock-shaped, pointed at each end, 15 to 20 mm. long, 3 to
4 mm. w^ide, of soft fine pure white silk of the same appearance and texture as the
egg-nests of some spiders.

Papa : Bright chestnut, darker on dorsum, very smooth and rounded ; on each
abdominal segment dorsal surface is a finely fluted ridge, very minute hooks on anal
segment ; all abdominal segments free, no organs free but after dehiscence antennae
cases are free. 6 mm. long, 1. 5 mm. thick.

Habits : Feeds on pith in main stalks of Carduus spinosissimiis,
from two or three to a dozen or more may be found in each stalk, they
excavate a gallery nearly its whole length, common to all ; gallery not
lined with silk, at convenient intervals and usually just above a new
joint or above where stalk branches forth are small holes, through
which the frass is ejected outside of the stalk. In fact an easy way
to ascertain if the stalks contain larvae is to examine them for consid-
erable masses of frass resting in the angle between the main stem and
branches.

All the larvee that I observed were within the stalks, but there is

June, I902.] KeARFOTT : On NoRTH AMERICAN ChOREUTES. 119

evidence that they come outside, as the under side of the leaves was
covered with a slight web of silk. This may be the foundation for
cocoons which are spun under the leaves and below the thistle head in
any convenient partially protected angle. It is also possible that the
larvK eat the epidermis from the under side of the leaves, as they ap-
pear to- have been eaten in spots, but not nearly sufficient for the sus-
tinence of the larv^ and my opinion is that their principal food is
the pith.

Mr. Meyrick makes the following comparison between bjerkandrella
and cardiiiella :

"On comparison of your specimens of Choreutis with C. bjerkandrella, I am de-
cidedly of the opinion that, though very closely allied, they are quite distinct specific-
ally. It would he possible that the exhibition of connecting forms from other parts of
America might modify this view, but I do not know of any such. The points of dif-
ference on which I should rely are as follows :

1. C. bjerkandrella has a silver spot on the middle of the costa of the fore wing,
which is wholly absent in your species.

2. In C. bjerkandrella the two light fasciae of fore wing form white spots on
costa, in yours they do not.

3. In C. bjerkandrella the anterior edge of the second light fascia is entire,
whilst in your species it is interrupted from the middle to near dorsum, there being a
fulvous streak in its place, which is absent in bjerkandrella.

4. The fasciae of lighter irroration are much broader and more extensive in your
species.

5. The silver streak on the anterior margin of the second fascia towards costa is
very much more oblique in your species.

6. In C. bjerkandrella there is a short white post-median bar in hind wings ; in
your species this is barely indicated by two dots or two white scales each, which are
moreover differently placed and nearer the termen.

These points appear to me to be all quite constant, and fully sufficient.

I enclose a specimen of C. bjerkandrella from New Zealand as a type for your
use ; I am not aware that it differs in any obvious way from South European ex-
amples.

Does the true C. bjerkandrella occur in America, or do the published records of
it refer to your species ?

Lord Walsingham's comparison of bjerkandrella and carduiella is
as follows :

" I am very much obliged to you for allowing me to keep the three specimens of
Choreusis sent for examination. I am not acquainted with any description of either
of them.

" At a time when I was not in possession of so large a series of North Amertcan
representatives of this genus as I now have, I was unable to separate specimens from
California or from Missouri from the European bjerkandrella Thunb., which has been

120 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

joined io pn-tiosana Dup., by Staudinger. Zeller regarded these two European spe-
cies as distinct at the time when he identified specimens from Texas and Ohio 2& pre-
tiosana, and his specimens, now before me, are certainly nearer to this than to the
typical bjei-kandrella, but I now see differences which may possibly be of special value
in all of the American species.

"Your two New York examples are nearerto pretiosatia Dup. [-^ausiralis Z. )
the South European form, but they differ in having no markings on the under side of
the fore wings, and in the presence of a small metallic spot above the dorsum on the
inner edge of the first pale sprinkled band near the base. This occurs also in Zel-
ler's and Murtfeldt's specimens, but not in the European forms. I think your two
New York e samples are distinct from all with which I am acquainted. Notably, in .
the absence of a distinct pale streak on the upper side of the hind wings. As you
have compared it with American types you are probably justified in separating it. I
send you two specimens of silphiella Grote. It seems to me rather a stretch of imag-
ination to lump this with bjerkaiidrella."

Choreutis busckiella, sp. nov.

Dark brown, heavily overlaid with whitish scales, with only a trace of ochreous.

Antenna; brown, ringed with white. Palpi brown, whitish at base. Head and
thorax brown, dusted with white, no ochreous scales, a few silvery metallic scales along
lower edge of patagia.

Basal area dark brown, a faint streak of ochreous below costa, in some specimens
no trace of ochreous, costa at base black, overlaid with metallic scales; a wide dark
brown band beginning at costa extends downward half and then at right angles to hind
angle. On the lower end of this band is the usual velvety black patch ; in this species
it is large and almost rectangular, cut near its lower end by a double line of dark
brown ; between this dark band and basal area as well as the balance of fore wing is
of ground color heavily overlaid with whitish.

Metallic scales occur : a line on costa near base, a short line below on median
line and a few scales below this near hind margin ; on first white band, a line of
scales extending from costa nearly to hind margin just beyond first third, this line
interrupted twice and curving slightly outward at lower end ; three small spots in
oblique line from costa on dark brown patch, below this is short horizontal line ; a
line of scales beginning at costa outer third and following margin around apex and
outer margin to hind angle, interrupted once above and once below apex. Fringe
brown.

Hind wings grayish-brown, a short curved line of whitish scales about center of
outer margin and a few scattered whitish scales at apex. Fringe brown.

Under side fore wings immaculate, fuscous. Under side hind wings fuscous, nar-
row band whitish, parallel to outer margin, a shorter whitish line within this, and a
short dash about center of wing.

Abdomen brown, under side whitish. Under side thorax white. Legs brown,
sprinkled with white Expanse, 12 to 13 mm.

Three specimens, Hastings, Florida. (A. J. Brown), March 15
and 16.

Type, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6307 ; co-type, Collections Dietz
and Kearfott.

June, 1902.J KeARFOTT : On NORTH AMERICAN ChOREUTES. 121

I am glad to honor this species with the name of my friend, Mr.
August Busck, to whom I am under many obligations for assistance
and advice, and who will, in a very brief time, be known as our
foremost American authority on Tineidte.

This species differs in the almost total absence of ochreous from
the thorax and fore wings, and in the almost uniform color of the latter.
The fore wing is divided almost equally into four bands, the basal and
second intermediate brown or black and the first intermediate and
marginal almost white. Its nearest ally is carduiella, and it may,
when the life-history is known, prove to be an extreme form of this.
It can be distinguished from carduiella by : ( i ) ochreous obsolete or
nearly so; (2) much lighter and whiter in color, and (3) whitish
curved line on hind wing.

Choreutis sororculella Dyar.

1890. Choreutis soroi'cidella Dyar, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 86.
1890. Choreutis sororctdella Fernald, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 242.

Original description :

" Generally similar to bjerkandrella, Thunb., but without any traces of the yel-
low dashes at the base of the fore wings. The pale gray space in the middle of the
wing is sharply limited without and within by a paler line ; in the center of this space
is a large group of black and metallic scales ; beyond the pale line are no black
scales, but a regular, distinct, subterminal metallic line ; a subcostal metallic streak in
basal space. Hind wings with a white dash as in onustana.^''

" Two examples. Placer Co., California. June (A. Koebele) ; U. S. Nat. Mus.,
type No. 4426."

I consider this a good species. It can be distinguished easily from
silpldella, gnaphaliella, etc., by the narrow whitish band next to
outer margin, which curves easily and evenly, slightly inwards to the
costa ; whereas, in silpldella, etc., this band is sharply right-angled
at about one-third from the costa besides broadening out into a spot.

The basal area of front wings is uniformly light fuscous, next out-
wardly is a large patch of whitish; this patch only touches costa at a
point next to basal fuscous patch. Inside of white band along outer
margin are three velvety black spots, arranged in the form of a slight
crescent.

Distinguishing characteristics : (i) General color pale fuscous, no
ochreous, (2) marginal white band slightly curved, not angled, (3)
velvety black spots arranged in a crescent following line of outer
margin. Center spot slightly larger than other two.

122 Journal. New York Entomological Societv. [Voi. x.

Choreutis extrincicella Dyar.

1890. Choreutis. extrincicella Dyar, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 86.
1890. Choreutis extrincicella Fernald, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 242.

Original description :

' ' Light brown, head and palpi whitish. Fore wing with basal half brown, crossed
by a broad, straight, white line with a few silvery scales outwardly on costa. Ter-
minal half of the wing nearly white, except narrowly along outer margin, streaked
above with longitudinal, somewhat cuneate, lines of black scales, below containing a
single elongate, rounded, black patch with two groups of silvery scales ; similar scales
on outer border of white patch ; outer half of fringe white. Hind wings pale brown.
Expanse 12 mm."

"One male. Wisconsin. U. S. Nat. Mus., type No. 4427."

The species is more unlike the general bjerkandrella type than any
of the genus. It is a very beautiful species and Dr. Dyar fortunately,
when making his description, had before him an almost faultless speci-
men. It can be recognized at once by the large amount of white on
the fore wings.

The largest patch of white almost entirely covers the outer half,
extending from costa to hind margin. Near the anal angle is a
velvety black spot, ornamented with metallic scales, this spot en-
croaches on and appears to be laid on the white. The outer margin
is light fuscous. The inner edge of the large white patch is bounded
by a broad almost straight fuscous band, next towards the base is a
narrower whitish band, the base of wing is fuscous. All of these
bands and colors extend from costa to hind margin. Hind wings are
immaculate and under side of all wings are free from whitish lines
and dashes and very pale in color.

It can be identified by : ( i ) Very large white patch on outer half
of fore wing; (2) a single rectangular velvety black spot on this
white area, near hind angle is also a very small black spot > shaped.
This is close to margin and just above the large black spot. (3) Hind
wings immaculate. (4) Under side of all wings very pale and free
from whitish marks.

Choreutis occidentella Dyar.

1890. Choreutis occidentella Dyar, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 86.
1890. Choreutis occidentella Fernald, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 242.

Original description :

" Gravish brown; basal half of wing of this color, with a curved white line
across its center. Terminal half of wing filled, except somewhat narrowly along
outer margin, by a large whitish patch, irrorate with brown scales, containing above

June, I902.] KeARFOTT : On NoRTH AMERICAN ChOREUTES. 123

a small black patch and below a large quadrate one, cut by a whitish line trans-
versely ; silvery scales along costa basally, middle of wing, subterminally and in the
black patch. Hind wings brown, immaculate. Below a faint, irregular, whitish, sub-
marginal line on hind wings and two costal dots on fore wings. Expanse 14 mm."
" One male. California (Coll. Beutenmiiller). U. S. Nat. Mus., type no.
4428."

I consider this a good species ; it can readily be separated from
silphiella by the absence of the ochreous patch at base of front wings,
in place of which is a whitish curved band, convex outwardly, just
beyond base and extending from costa to hind margin.

The pattern of coloration and metallic scales on the apical half of
front wings is not unlike leucobasis, inasmuch as in each species there
is a large wheel-like or circular mark ; in occideiiteUa the upper part is
defined by two white dashes on the costa, enclosing an area more or
less suffused with whitish scales, the lower part is defined by a pair of
velvety black spots. Dr. Dyar described the species from one speci-
men labelled "California." In my collection is one specimen from
Yellowstone Park, Wyo. , taken by Mr. Burrison late in June or early
July, 1900. My specimen differs from type only in that there is less
white in the circular mark referred to.

This species can be distinguished by : ( i ) Head, thorax and basal
half of fore wing brown, (2) curved white line from costa to hind
margin, close to base and (3) hind wings brown, not marked with
white lines or dashes.

Choreutis coloradella, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, fore wings dark brown, sprinkled with lilaceous scales; basal half
of fore wings broadly of ground color ; crossed in the middle by a faint curved lilaceous
whitish band, sometimes obsolete. Outer half washed with lilaceous, except at
margin, this area forming a large rounded patch reaching costa and inner margin,
obscurely divided in the upper half by blackish veins ; containing below an elliptical
patch of black slightly raised scales, truncated outwardly, divided by an almost verti-
cal line of whitish or faintly orange-tinted scales, marked with a few metallic scales.

A faint oblique metallic line from costa basal third to this patch below middle.
A small curved subapical metallic line. In some specimens ground color becomes
almost white in a dash bordering black patch above. Fringe blackish, interlineated
with white. Hind wings blackish, fringe interlineated with white. Fore wings dark
gray below, slightly washed with whitish towards apex, no definite lines. Hind wings
washed with whitish except on veins. Expanse, 13 to 18 mm.

Described from six specimens. Durango, Colo. (Dietz), south-
western Colo. (Dietz), Colorado (Fernald), top Las Vegas range 11,-
000 feet. New Mexico (Cockerell), Sitka, Alaska (Kincaid, Harriman

124 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Exp.). National Museum. Type No. 6266. Co-types in collec-
tions of Dietz and Kearfott.

This species is very distinct from any other of this genus. The
wings are unusually elongate and it is the only species I have seen in
which the basal ground color so prominently occupies the inner half
of fore wings. The other half, excepting the outer margin and apex,
is almost uniformly overlaid with lilaceous scales ; thus the appearance
of the fore wings is of two colors, almost evenly divided, the inner
half brown and the outer half whitish. The upper surface of hind
wings is blackish-brown, unmarked with whitish lines or dashes, in
this latter respect alone it differs entirely from silpliiella. But there
is hardly a doubt the two species could be mistaken for each other,
as siphiella is of various shades of light browns, yellows and ochreous,
whereas coloradella is dark brown or blackish and sordid. It is very
different in general appearance from occidoitcUa, the latter is well
marked with clearly defined and prominent white lines and bands
which are entirely absent in coloradella. Professor Fernald, Can. Ent. ,
XXXII, p. 242, 1900, under heading of C. occidentella, states he has
" long had this species in his collection, under the name of coloradella
and has so named it for others." I very much regret he did not publish
his description, as I am well convinced the species will stand, and I
take pleasure in giving it the name Professor Fernald had selected.

It can be distinguished by : ( i ) Large blackish brown basal area,
(2) absence of ochreous at base or thorax, and (3) blackish-brown
hind wings, unmarked.

Choreutis leucobasis Fern.

1900. Choreutis Imcobasis Fernald, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXII, p. 242.

Original description :

"Expanse of wings lo to 12 mm. Head, thorax and base of fore wings pm'e
white. Outer two-thirds of fore wings dark fuscous or reddish brown, with an oblique,
white costal streak before the apex, and two others of the same color, but much
smaller, on the costa between this and the white base of the wing. Outer part of the
wing more or less overlaid with white scales, so dense beyond the cell as to fuse and
form a distinct whitish patch.

" There are numerous clusters of metallic scales scattered over the outer part of
the wing, some of which form a curved line around the apex on the border, and there
are two large clusters of them resting on a black ground between the white patch and
the fold. Fringes reddish brown.

"Hind wings and upper side of abdomen fuscous. Under side of all of the
wings fuscous, with the white costal spots reproduced, and there are several whitish

June, 1902.] DyAR : LaRVA OF EUTHISANOTIA TIMAIS. 125

cross lines on the under side of the hind wings. Under side of the body white.
Legs white, annulate with black."

" Described from four specimens, two from London, Ontario, and two from
Massachusetts. This species was figured by the late Townend Glover in his unpub-
lished work on N. A. Lepidoptera, PI. S3, Fig. 21."

This is a good valid species and distinguished easily from all others,
now known, of this genus. Professor Fernald's types are from London,
Ont., and Mass. I have one specimen taken near Clarendon, Vermont ;
one specimen, National Museum. No locality label. Characteristics :
(i) Head, palpi, thorax and base of primaries (about one-quarter)
white; (2) large black patch near hind angle, primaries crossed ver-
tically by paler line of white and pink scales and a ring or eye like
spot of metallic scales with center black, metallic scales distinctly raised.
I would very much appreciate the privilege of examining addi-
tional specimens of this genus, and will take pleasure in naming and
returning promptly all examples that may be sent for that purpose,
and especially would be grateful for notes or information pertaining to
the larvEe or early stages.

THE LARVA OF EUTHISANOTIA TIMAIS CRAM.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

1852. — GuENEE, Spec. Gen., VI, pi. 2, f. 5.

1857. — Chenu-Demarets, Encycl. Hist. Nat. Papill. , II, 11 1.

1886. — GUNDL.A.CH, Ent. Cubana, 304.

1894. — Slosson, Journ. N. V. Ent. Soc, II, 107.

1901. — SwAlNSON, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, IX, 81.

1901. — Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, 454 (egg).

Guenee's figure represents a white larva with a straight black band
in the segmental incisures and two narrower ones on the central part of
each segment. Head and feet blackish. Mrs. Slosson described the
larva briefly as "velvety black, marked with creamy white, head and
feet of orange red" ; Mrs. Swainson as "black, covered with small
pale yellow dots ; face, legs and tail dull buff with black marks."

Larvae before me from the Everglades, seven miles from Miami,
Florida, through Dr. J. E. Benedict, April 6, 1901, do not agree with
Guenee's figure, but rather with the descriptions of the two ladies. I
have not seen the other references.

126

Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL x.

Larva. — Head rounded, scarcely bilobed, flattened before, erect, free; orange
brown, a large, diffuse, black patch on the face of each lobe at the height of the
apex of the clypeus, a patch over ocelli and last antennal joint black. Setae rather
coarse, black; width 3.5 mm. Body moderate, cylindrical, unifonn, not tapering
and not humped. Ground color velvety black ; a broad yellowish-white band in the
segmental incisures reaching to the line of the feet, joined below the line of the spir-
acles to a second short band which begins on the middle of the side and extends
downward to a little below the line of the feet. A small, anteriorly situated dot dor-
sally on joints 3,4, 9-13, sometimes present also on 8 or 7 and 8, but always smaller
on these segments. The band in the incisure 2-3 is somewhat broken and the one in
12-13 is narrowed. There is a small dorsal bar representing a band between 13-14,
just in front of the anal plate. On joints 5, 6, and 12 the pale bands run a little
further ventrally and have a supplementary spot. All feet orange brown, thoracic
ones with tips black, the abdominal claspers and tubercle vii black. Cervical shield
undifferentiated, black, the anterior edge of joint 2 brown. Anal plate orange brown
with a black posterior rim and tubercle each side middle line. Tubercles small, ob-
scure ; iv a little below the middle of the spiracle. Setre rather distinct, black.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SESIA.

By William Beutenmuller.
Sesia palmii, sp. nov.

Head and palpi dark brown ; collar mixed with a little white. Antennse brown
black, with a bluish lustre. Thorax dark brown with a broad white stripe on each
side. Abdomen dark brown with a bluish lustre, and broad white band at the hind
edge of the second segment. Anal tuft dark brown with two white streaks. Under-
side of body wholly brown, also the legs. Anal tuft with two short white streaks,
not reaching the end. Fore wings opaque, brown with a purplish lustre, and a small
white spot composed of scales at the end of the cell. Hind wings opaque, wholly
brown. Underside of wings same as above, but the fore wings are marked with whitish
along the costal region. Expanse, 28-30 mm.

Habitat. — Phcenix, Arizona.

Described from two males. Types, Collection Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., and Charles Palm. The figure is enlarged one fourth.

JOURNAL

J}t\a JBork 6!nkraoIogirHl Horiptg.

V^ol. X. SEPTEMBER, 1902. No. 3.

TWO PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES.

By C. S. Ludlow.

Among the new undertakings begun in the Philippines under the
shelter of the Army, is the study of some of the insects connected with
the transmission of diseases, especially of mosquitoes ; and in the
little while that this work has been under way interesting points have
developed in connection with what may be called " insular variation."

This, so far as has been observed, usually occurs so as to throw the
new variety between two established species, and, in many cases, is
so marked as to raise a question as to identity of species, or even
where the species may be granted, is enough to prove very trying in
classifying these insects. For instance, what in other respects is
Anopheles rossii Giles has " curiously mottled " legs, not described for
the type, but resembling those of ^. costalis Loew. What should be
A. annularis van der Wulp, which Theobald places as a subspecies
under ^. sinensis Wied., evidently stands between that and his sub-
species pseudopiciiis Grassi, for while it agrees to the former in most
points, it agrees with pseudopiciiis in having three joints of the palpi
banded white and the tip white, in having the third small light spot
on the subcosta (besides the two on the costa), and in the thoracic
lines, there being no spots or change of color between the scales of the
cephalic and caudal end of the thorax as in annularis ; while it differs
from either in having no apical light band on the third tarsal joint of
the hind legs. Such differences point, of course, toward breaking
down these subspecies, and seem to make it desirable to keep all at
one very variable form, with certainly nothing more definite than
varieties under it.

128 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Stegomyia fasciafa Fabr. , is common at certain times, all over the
Island where collections have been made, but these periods are by no
means coincident. Both the varieties niosqui/o Desv., and luciensis
Theo., are frequently found, and a variety equivalent to luciensis, i. e.,
with black tip on the apex of the last tarsal joint of the hind legs, has
been found under ^. sciitellaris Walker.

Ciilex fatigans Wied., shows remarkable variation in wing vena-
tion, the stem of the first fork cell being at times almost as long as
one half the length of the cell.

New species must, of necessity, arise where variations are so marked,
and of the earliest to be recorded, those described below, the first
found in the hill district of Abra, a distinctly mountainous province,
full of rugged scenery, and the second from Bulacan, one of the most
malarial parts of Luzon, will be of some interest.

Anopheles philippinensis, sp. nov

Female. — Head very dark brown, with white and creamy (yellowish) scales scat-
tered on top, and more thickly toward the front, long white tuft in front, a few yel-
owish scales on the sides, and very dark forked scales with fimbriated tops on the
occiput ; antennae golden brown, some white scales and some brown at the base with
lighter tips, verticels white, pubescence vvhite, first joint basally brown but white as
apex ; eyes dark brown or black, with very narrow white rim ; palpi golden brown,
some scales apparently darker tipped, the last joint white and a narrow white band at
apex of each of the three preceding joints, a few white scales at the base ; proboscis
brown, not so dark as the head but darker than the antennas ; white or yellowish tip.

Thorax very dark brown (both it and the head are almost black), with scattered
white, flat and yellowish curved scales, no design apparent, cephalad the white scales
are much longer ; scutellum dark brown in the middle and at each end with a lighter
spot between on which are a few white scales ; metanotum dark brown ; pleurae dark
brown with white marking ; when denuded thorax has ashy-gray reflections with dark
brown median line.

Abdomen dorsally is ashy-gray with golden-brown hairs, a narrow brown apical
band on each segment, much broader on the last two segments so that they are nearly
brown instead of gray.

Legs. — Cox£e brown, all white-tipped, femora dark, i. e., brown-scaled dorsally,
and yellowish on the ventral side, tibiae same but a very small apical white spot on
fore and mid legs ; metatarsus and two following joints on the fore legs have heavy
apical white bands, mid legs have faint white bands in the same positions, that on the
metatarsus much the heaviest, but still not by any means so broad as on the fore legs ;
hind legs dorsally brown, and yellowish ventrally, much as in the other legs, but the
apical half of the first tarsal and all the following joints pure white ; ungues on hind
legs white, on mid and fore legs brown.

Wings cream-colored spotted with brown, reminding one of A. jatnesii Theo.
Two small and four large brown spots on costa, the distal extending back through

Sept.,1902.] Ludlow: Phillipine Mosquitoes 129

anterior fork of second longitudinal, the next somewhat larger, through first longi-
tudinal, the third and largest of all extends as a long spot on the costa and subcosta
and three small ones on the first longitudinal, so arranged as to resemble an overturned
E ( m) ; the middle of these is the largest and connects with the one on the second
longitudinal ; the fourth spot (counting from the apex of the wing) includes the sub-
costa and first longitudinal, and even the two small ones include the subcosta,
making all these costal spots very distinct. The apex of the costa is, however,
light. There are two dark spots on anterior fork of second longitudinal, and one on
the posterior fork ; two small spots at the base of the third longitudinal ; one on the
anterior fork of the fourth longitudinal, a small one near the apex of the posterior
fork, the stem is dark to posterior cross-vein, and after a small white spot, about one-
half the way to tlie base of the vein ; anterior fork of fifth has three dark spots, and
there is one on the posterior near the apex, also on the stem of fifth near base o
wing ; there are three dark spots on the sixth longitudinal, one at the apex, one near
the middle, and one near the base. A large part of the second and fourth are there-
fore dark, while the fifth has a large part cream-colored and still a larger proportion
of the third is light. The fringe is mottled, cream and brown, nearly equally to the
to the sixth longitudinal, after which it is dark. Dark spots occur in the fringe at the
apex of the anterior fork of the second longitudinal and at apices of the first posterior,
second posterior, third posterior, anal, auxiliary, and spurious cells (Theobald's nam-
ing) with light spots at the apices of each intervening vein. The first submarginal
call is a little longer than the second posterior, the base of the former being a little
nearer the base of the wing. The posterior cross-vein is about one and one half times
its length nearer the base of the wing than the mid cross-vein, and the supernumerary
vein a little nearer the apex of the wing than the latter. Length (including proboscis)
5 mm.

Habitat, San Jose, Abra, Luzon, P. L

Caught Sept. i, 1901.

This mosquito is related A. jamesii Theo., but differs in so many
points — antennee, palpi, wings, legs — that although the differences
in antennae and wings are not great, those of the palpi and legs are so
distinctive I have, after some hesitation, decided to keep it a distinct
species.
Anopheles pseudobarbirostris, sp. nov.

Female. — Head very dark brown, with some pale scales on top, spreading in
front toward the sides, and partly around the eyes, tuft in front white with a few dark
hairs, and dark hairs behind the eyes, otherwise covered with rather broad not deeply
forked scales with fimbriated tops, the tips gray ; narrow median space bare. An-
tennae a lighter brown, minute white apical bands on the joints, first joint brown ; ver-
ticels brown, pubescence white. Palpi very heavily scaled with dark brown (almost
black) scales, many of which are ochraceous tipped, so that the effect is "rusty,"
joints obscure but can be seen by breaks in the scales ; as long as the proboscis ; last
joint with brown hairs. Proboscis also heavily dark scaled, some ochraceous tipped ;
tip is lighter but still brown. Eyes dark brown, narrow white rim part of the way
round.

130 Journal New Yokk Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Thorax dark brown with gray reflections, and narrow curved (almost hair-like)
golden scales, arranged in faint /. c. , indefinite lines, which in some lights seem to
converge so as to form a "V" from the cephalic edge the whole length of the thorax,
the point caudad ; pleurae brown with white markings ; scutellum brown at center,
paler laterad, with slender golden curved scales (such as are on the thorax) and
golden bristles ; metanotum brown.

Abdomen dark brown, slight grayish reflections, golden hairs ; on the ventral
side are a few scattered white scales and near the caudal end a bunch of rather long
brown scales.

Legs. — Coxre and trochanters all dark brown, white-tipped ; femora and tibiae all
dark brown, well sprinkled with white scales, the rest of the legs a little lighter
brown and in some lights giving almost " fawn-colored " reflections ; all the joints of
the legs and feet are white-tipped, except the last tarsal joints, and on the mid legs
that is a little lighter, giving almost " clay-colored " reflections. Ungues simple and
brown. Wings dark with two small yellow spots on costa, one at the apex of the
wing and extending on the apices of the first-longitudinal and anterior fork of second
longitudinal with light spots on the fringe at apices of first longitudinal and anterior
fork of second longitudinal and an included dark spot at apex of marginal cell, giving
the appearance of an incomplete ring (c) ; the other, much smaller, on the costa at
junction of the subcosta. The costal and basal portions of the wing are dark-scaled
with a few white scales on the cosia, subcosta, first and second longitudinal, but the
third longitudinal is mostly white-scaled, and on this appear a few of the round-ended
scales. The fourth longitudinal is largely dark-scaled with a few of the longer scales,
but the scales are mostly of the roundish sort which are either black or white ; there
are dark spots at the apices of each fork and light fringe at the apex of the anterior
fork. The fifth longitudinal has almost exclusively the rounder scales, and is mostly
white, both as to stem and forks ; dark spots at the apices of each fork, and the stem
has a dark base, as have all the veins except the sixth, which is light-scaled, save two
heavy dark spots, one at the apex and one about the middle of the vein. The sixth
has entirely the roundish-ended scales in both black and white. The fringe is dark
except for the three small places indicated, /. i\, at the apices of first longitudinal
anterior fork of second and anterior fork of fourth longitudinal. Most of the veins,
even where light, have a sprinkling of the dark among the median scales, but the
larger part of the dark scales on these veins are lateral scales and lie close under the
median scales, so that the wing looks much darker from the under (ventral) view, and
in all the veins caudad of the third the lateral as well as the median scales are almost
entirely of the " 3-round-ended " sort. The wing has, however, as a whole a dark
rather than light appearance, probably due to the very heavy scaling of the first two
or three veins, which are mostly dark-scaled. The first submarginal cell is a little
longer and narrower than the second posterior, the base of the former nearly on a line
with the base of the latter, but not near the junction of the costa and subcosta ; the
stem of the former is about two thirds the length of the cell, and shorter than that of
the second posterior, which is longer than the cell. The cross-veins are close to
gether, the mid-vein much the longest, meeting the supernumerary at nearly a right
angle (toward the apex of the wing), and the posterior cross-vein is not half its
length from the mid- vein and stands at almost the same angle in the reverse direction.
The halteres have black knobs, stem and base are light. Length 5 mm. (with pro-
boscis 7 mm.).

Sept., 1902] Leng : Notes on Cicindelid.^ of Louisiana. 131

Habitat: Hagonoy, Bulacan, Luzon, P. I.

Caught Oct. 2, 1 90 1.

We have there one of the sinensis group, but evidently near A.
barbirostris van der Wulp, the "round-ended" scales being un-
doubtedly the same as those described by Theobald for that species
and apparently more numerous and wider spread on the wing than is
indicated for that, while the differences in antennae, palpi, wings and
legs, especially the latter, are so marked as to throw it out of that

species.

♦

NOTE ON CULEX ANNULATUS.

By C. S. Ludlow.

Culcx annulatiis Schrank has been heretofore regarded as of
doubtful occurrence in America. Giles "Mosquitoes or Gnats," new^
edition, p. 392, reports it as " doubtfully recorded from America," and
in the British Museum Monograph (Theobald) in the lists for locali-
ties it stands, p. 108, under "North America and Canada," " Ciilex
annulatiis Meigen (?)," while on p. 334 a quotation from Osten
Sacken is given, " the following note occurs on C. annulatiis ' Mexico,
Cuidad in Durango, 8,100 feet (Forrer), a single female from Cuidad
agrees very well with this species.' " I am therefore glad to be able
to report that a single male, in fine condition, all the markings clean
cut and well defined, was taken by me in my house, March i, 1902,
Fort Baker, Marin Co., Cal. It is probable that this was a hibernat-
ing specimen as no others of any sort were found for more than six
weeks afterward, and this was taken in a particularly warm and sunny
room.

NOTES ON CICINDELID^ OF LOUISIANA.

By Charles W. Leng, B.S.

These notes are mainly extracts from letters of Mr. George Cover-
dale, who has collected for the last two years at Vowell's Mill and at
Covington. Vowell's Mill is in Nachitoches parish in the northwest-
ern part of the state, and the vicinity is a vast stretch of uncleared
woodland, the trees being principally pines and oaks. The wood-
land is interrupted by sandy fields planted in cotton and corn, and by

132 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x

extensive swamps, heavily timbered with gigantic oaks, hickory,
beech, maple, elm, ironwood, magnolia, poplar, sycamore, sweet
gum, tupelo, sassafras, and, in the wetter portions, cypress. The
species collected at Vowell's Mill are :

I.
Tetracha Carolina and T. virginica.

Only a few specimens have so far been collected, and these were
found running about in the hot midday sunshine of August in an old
field grown up with grass and weeds, or running along the rows of
cotton. They run rapidly, like z..Carabus or Cicindela.

Cicindela unicolor.

This species begins to appear about February lo and is abundant
through March, April and May. It is not found during the summer
months, but appears again in August and September. Mr. Coverdale
is of the opinion that this so-called " fall brood " is all gone by the
end of September. It is found only on white sand. The numerous
specimens collected vary in the shade of color, but are all conspicuously
green and unspotted. So far, at least, no specimen has been seen
which had any of the spots of ri/i^ifrons. Compared with specimens
from other localities these Louisiana specimens are more evidently
punctate.

Cicindela sexguttata.

This species appears in March and is abundant during April and
May and a few specimens are also found in June. It does not appear
at all during the fall. Mr. Coverdale is quite positive on this point
and speaks of this species as "single-brooded." It occurred espe-
cially on a woodland path, cut three years ago, and on the public high-
way near by, which has been cut since the war, or about forty years
ago. This species is especially variable in I^ouisiana in coloring and
in maculation. The color varies from bright brassy green to a pure
grass-green, and the legs are often blue rather than green. Bluish
reflections on the elytra are less common than in northern specimens.
The maculation varies from the immaculate form, sometimes errone-
ously (?) called violacea to a single spot at apex, or a single spot on the
disk (probably the 7'ar/'a?is of Ljungh), and so on to two, three or
four spots on each elytron. The instability of this race of sexgiitlata is
interesting in connection with the recent origin of its home and sug-

Scpt..i902.] Leng: Notes on Cicindelid^ of Louisiana. 133

gests the possibility of the race being at present under the influence
of some evolution process.
Cicindela denverensis.

This species is represented by a single specimen taken with the
following species.

Cicindela ludoviciana.

This species appears in February and continues abundant during
March and April. In May the number commences to diminish, and
from June to September there are none. A second brood appears late
in September and continues until December. It is partial to red rocky
or gray colored soils. A certain amount of moisture in the soil seems
to be necessary for the development and appearance of Cicindela in
the imago state. Last autumn Mr. Coverdale traveled a certain road
four times daily (Sundays excepted) for three months. The summer
has been extremely hot and dry and not a single specimen of Cicindela
was found. During the night of October first a good rain fell, the
first for five months, and the next morning Mr. Coverdale found C.
ludoviciana, C. splendida and C. vulgaris all freshly emerged and
abundant, where before the rain not a single specimen was to be seen.
This species is closely related to C. splendida and occurs over a con-
siderable range at Vowell's Mill associated with it. Mr. Coverdale
noticed in taking them that they seemed to occur at first in colonies,
each form by itself. The first day of their appearance he found five
specimens of splendida within ten or twelve feet of one another. Then
he found ludoviciana only for a half mile without any splendida, then
a few more splendida and so on all day. But after four or five days
both forms occurred singly. This species is distinctly blue all over
and varies only in the maculation.
Cicindela splendida.

Occurs with the preceding and has the same range and times of
appearance. It varies in the intensity of the cupreous coloring, none
of the specimens being as bright as more northern specimens, some
specimens having an almost equal mixture of red and green. It
varies also in the maculation, none of the specimens being heavily
marked and some being immaculate.
Cicindela vulgaris.

This species is found from February to October, being scarce m
midsummer. It is very abundant but rather local in the vicinity of

134 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x-

Vowell's Mill. The specimens received are all dark in coloring and
suggest the tendency to partial obliteration of the markings observed
in other southern specimens of this species.

Cicindela repanda.

This species is represented by a few specimens taken in June.
Mr. Coverdale has not sent an}- particular information in reference to it.

Cicindela punctulata.

Occurs in June and is locally very abundant. The specimens are
all very dark in color, nearly black, with the punctuation greenish
and sometimes with white spots on the elytra.

Cicindela tortuosa.

This species is represented by a single specimen taken in August.
Cicindela cumatilis.

Occurs from June to August over a considerable range of country
(fifty miles at least) mostly on red clay formation. Mr. Coverdale
mentions this species occurring in the country school house, apparently
interested in the crumbs of food dropped by the children at noon
recess. It is very constant in respect of its beautiful blue coloring
but quite variable in the extent of the white spots of the elytra.

II.
The species collected at Covington in June, 1902, are fewer in
number. Covington is in St. Tammany Parish, in the southeastern
part of the state, and near the northern shore of Lake Ponchartrain.
The vicinity of Covington is flat and low ; there are pine woods in
which the trees are small and dense and the soil " crawfishy," soft
when wet but hard as a rock when dry. xA.t the time of Mr. Cover-
dale's visit, there had been no rain for five weeks, the vegetation was
largely burnt up and dead, and the trees were covered with a fine
impalpable white dust, which was also ankle deep on the roads.
Nearby flows the Bogue Falaya River, and the best collecting was
found along its sandy banks and in the woods immediately above them
and on the sandbars exposed by the low water in the river. On the
wet sands near the water's edge were Cicindela tortuosa and repatida,
on the bars themselves Cicindela J Va/>/eri a.n<i on the banks, partly in
the shade of the trees, were Cicindela abdominalis and punctulata.
Many Carabidae were also taken on these sandbars and, in the stag-
nant pools between them and the banks, many Dytiscidse.

Sept., 1902.] I.ENG : Notes on Cicindelid.e of Louisiana. 135

To the south of Covington approaching the lake the character of
the vegetation gradually changes. Palmettos begin to appear, then
swamp timber such as water oaks, tupelo, magnolia, hackberry and
cypress. In this region punctulata only occurred. The heat (June
15) was intense, the thermometer stood at 100° in the shade, and
collecting Cicindelid?e on a snow white sandbar in the blazing sun
was hard work.

Tetracha Carolina.

This species was found in a low wet seepy place beside the river,
running about on the wet sand, hiding under pieces of bark, rocks,
logs, etc. Mr. Coverdale says it may be crepuscular in habit, but it
is a " light sleeper" and can be found easily in the day-time by kick-
ing pieces of bark, etc. It was also found on Mandeville Beach, Lake
Pontchartrain, in the cracks of dried-out mud. Jumping on the mud
made the beetles run out and pouring water down the cracks produced
a good many. They run like a race horse and are difficult to capture.
They bite and scratch even in the alcohol bottle. . They also come to
the electric lights.

Tetracha virginica.

A single specimen was taken at electric lights.

Cicindela repanda.

This species was taken on the sandbars of the Bogue Falaya River.

Cicindela punctulata.

This species was taken on the upper banks of the river and at
various places in the woods and roads. The specimens sent are more
metallic than the Vowell's Mill specimens. This species was also
collected at electric lights.

Cicindela tortuosa.

This species was abundant on the sandbars of the Bogue Falaya
River, living on the wet sand close to the river's edge. The speci-
mens received are all very dark in color, but are probably stained by
long immersion in alcohol.

Cicindela Wapleri.

The capture of this species was the main object of Mr. Coverdale's
trip, and happily it was successfully attained. The clue was taken
from Professor Wickham's "Habits of N. A. Cicindelidas," where

136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

the capture of this species by the late Hugo Soltau is recorded " on the
sandy banks of a small stream near Covington." The Bogue Falaya
seemed to be the stream intended, though it is of considerable size,
and steamboats from New Orleans cross Lake Ponchartrain and ascend
it twice a week. Mr. Coverdale first tried the left bank, but was
turned back by barbed-wire fences and trespass signs and finally tried
the right bank. The banks at this point are mostly steep, composed
of pure white sand, and about every half mile there is a sandbar below
the banks. The chief growth on the banks is birch, willow, cypress,
sweet gum, tupelo, magnolia, sweet bay, laurel, pine, pecan, ash and
various smaller bushes, and in places passage through the tangled vines
and shrubs becomes almost impossible. At last, after three hours'
search up the stream, he found a sandbar white as the driven snow,
on which they were running everywhere, sometimes two or three being
caught in the net at one sweep. They are hard to see, the white-haired
ventral surface and white side markings making little contrast with the
white sand. About two or three o'clock in the heat of the day, C.
Wapleri gets in the shade under little bushes.

The specimens collected vary in size and in the extent of the white
markings but not sufficiently to suggest any modification of the pub-
lished descriptions.

Cicindela abdominalis.

This species occurs plentifully on the banks of the Bogue Falaya
River above the water's edge and in the shade of the trees and bushes.

The following species, though not taken by Mr. Coverdale, have
been reported from Louisiana, viz : Pilatei, ohsoleta, ciirsitans, severa,

haniafa and paiiipliila.

♦

NEW ORTHORRHAPHOUS DIPTERA FROM
MEXICO AND TEXAS.

By D. W. Coquillett.

In the early part of the present year arrangements were made by
Dr. L. O. Howard for identifying a large series of Diptera collected
in Mexico and the southwestern portion of this country by Mr. C. H.
T. Townsend, and the task of identifying this rich material was as-
signed to the writer. A comparatively small number of the species
proved to be new to science, and as manuscript names of these will

Sept.,i902.] Coquillett: New Orthorrhaphous DiPTERA. 137

soon be sent out it is deemed desirable to publish the descriptions at
as early a day as possible. The present paper deals with the new
forms belonging to the section Orthorhapha.

Family Culicid.^.
Culex cyanescens, sp. nov.

Black, the stems of the balteres and the femora except their apices, yellow ;
occiput rather densely covered with broad, appressed, yellow scales and narrow,
upright, yellow ones changing to black at the sides and posterior edge, a spot of violet
blue appressed scales near middle of each outer edge of the occiput ; palpi covered
with broad, appressed, violet blue scales ; mesonotum and scutellum rather densely
covered with broad, appressed, brassy yellow scales, the pleura with whitish ones ;
abdomen densely covered with deep blue scales, the posterior angles of each segment,
whole of the first and of the venter covered with brassy yellow scales, the spots at the
posterior angles of the segments considerably produced forward at their inner ends ;
scales at apices of femora, on hind tibiae and front side of the others, also on tarsi,
violet blue ; tarsal claws large, one-toothed ; wings grayish hyaline, veins chiefly blue,
lateral scales narrow and elongate, petiole of first submarginal cell four-fifths as long
as the cell, posterior cross-vein about its own length from the small ; length, 4 to5.5
mm.

Habitat : Brownsville, Texas.

Type : Cat. No. 6308, U. S. N. M.

Six females collected in May and on June 4.

Family Psychodid.^.

Trichomyia cirrata, sp. nov.

Brown, the ant'ennaa, pleura and legs except the tarsi yellow ; antennae nearly
as long as the body, the joints beyond the second over three times as long as wide ;
occiput, body and legs rather densely covered with appressed yellow scales, sides of
mesonotum densely long yellow pilose, nearly extending to the middle of the anterior
end, several rather long yellow hairs near apex of abdomen ; wings narrow and
pointed, sublanceolate, covered with pale yellow and dark gray hairs, fringe on the
posterior margin almost half as long as greatest width of wing, petiole of first sub-
marginal cell less than half as long as that cell, petiole of the second posterior cell
less than one fourth the length of the cell ; length, i mm.

Habitat : Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico.

Type : Cat. No. 6309, U. S. N. M.

Four female specimens collected March 26.

Family Tabanid/E.
Pangonia seminuda, sp. nov.

Black, the antennas and palpi reddish-yellow, balteres and knees dull yellow,
abdomen varying from reddish-yellow to black ; head yellowish-gray pruinose, ocelli
present, third antennal joint near base much wider than the second, the apical annulus

138 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. x.

as long as the four preceding, palpi slender, sublanceolate, falcate, proboscis as long
as thorax, face receding below, eyes bare, hairs of occiput and cheeks yellowish-
white ; thorax, scutellum and fi'St abdominal segment opaque, densely gray pruinose,
covered with short, pale yellow hairs, remainder of abdomen polished, its hairs black;
wings grayish hyaline, strongly tinged with yellowish at base and along the costa,
first posterior cell closed, upper branch of third vein bearing a long appendage near
the base, calypteres white ; length i8 to 22 mm.

Habitat : Sierra Madre, Chihuahtia, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras
Verdas, about 7,300 feet altitude).

Ty/'c: Cat. No. 6310, U. S. N. M.

Seventy-two males and forty females collected August iS to 27.

Tabanus maculosus, sp. nov.

Near aurantiacus but the dorsal dark vitta of abdomen interrupted, the whitish
median triangles confined to the first four segments, wings apically of a purer hyaline,
etc. Head black, front of female distinctly narrowing anteriorly, the callosity polished,
nearly square and with a linear or sublanceolate prolongation above, remainder of
head gray pruinose aud whitish haired except a spot on vertex and another near middle
of front of female which are blackish and with many black hairs; proboscis and an-
tenna; black, the first segment of the third joint of the latter with a low, blunt proc-
ess ; palpi slender, gradually tapering toward the apex, brown, its hairs yellowish-
white intermixed with a few black ones ; eyes sparse pubescent, purplish-brown and
marked near the middle with two transverse oblique greenish stripes, no ocellar
tubercle ; thorax black, mesonotum polished, its hairs black except five stripes and
those on the anterior end which are yellowish, the outer two stripes on each side
united at the suture ; pleura gray pruinose, its hairs yellowi.sh-white except a large
spot of black ones behind center of mesopleura ; scutellum black, its hairs concolor-
ous ; abdomen on sides of first four segments broadly yellow, polished, with chiefly
yellow hairs, the middle of each segment with a whitish pruinose, whitish haired
triangle surrounded in front and at the sides with a brown, black-haired, somewhat
A-shaped spot, the whitish triangles smallest on the first segment ; last three segments
black, somewhat polished, with black hairs, the sides narrowly yellow and with many
yellow hairs ; venter yellow, the last two segments largely brown; legs black, bases
of tibiae yellow ; wings hyaline, costal cell yellowish-brown, base of wing to discal
cell and along the costa tinged with smoky brown, a large brown spot on veins at
base of second submarginal cell and of each posterior cell, first posterior cell strongly
narrowed at apex, upper branch of third vein without an appendage, calypteres yel-
lowish-brown, knobs of halteres yellow ; length, 15 mm.

Habitat : Same as the preceding species.

Type: Cat. No. 631 1, U. S. N. M.

One male and six females collected May 31 to June 3.

Family 1>ombylid^.
Anthrax extremitis, sp. nov.

ISlack, the knobs of the halteres yellow ; face greatly produced below, third an-
tennal joint elongate conical at the base, hairs of the two preceding joints of the front

Sept,i902.] COQUILLETT : NeW OrTHORRHAPHOUS DIPTERA. 139

and face black, tomentum of the two latter black mixed with yellowish, proboscis not
projecting beyond the oral margin ; mesonotum thinly grayish pruinose, its hairs chiefly
black, those at the ends and sides, also on upper edge of pleura pale yellow, on re-
mainder of pleura and on breast black ; hairs of abdomen pale yellowish mixed with
black ones on the sides and dorsum of the last two segments ; tomentum of abdomen
black, that on the last segment white, hairs and tomentum of venter black ; front
tibice bearing a few bristles, front tarsal claws well developed, pulvilli wanting ; wings
hyaline, the base brown, the outline of this color extending from apex of auxiliary
vein obliquely to first submarginal cell near its base, then transversely to discal cell,
then obliquely nearly to base of this cell, then curving through base of fourth posterior
cell and obliquely through anal cell and upper basal angle of the axillary cell ;
cross-veins within the brown area not bordered with subhyaline ; length, 9 to il mm.

Habitat : Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Pedras
Verdas, altitude about 7,300 feet).

Type: Cat. No. 6312, U. S. N. M.
Fourteen specimens collected August 11 to 29.

Family Asilid.e.
Saropogon dispar, sp. nov.

Male. — Black, the halteres yellow, femora with a reddish-yellow vitta on the
front side connected at the apex with a shorter one on the posterior side, hairs and
bristles whitish or pale yellow, the short bristly hairs of mesonotum largely black,
the hairs of abdomen and of last two pairs of tibise largely black ; head, thorax and
upper side of scutellum densely yellowish-gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with
three blackish vittse, the median one divided by a gray line ; abdomen tmged with
blue, the sides of the first segment and hind angles of the following three gray prui-
nose ; wings brown, darkest along the costa and at the apex.

Female. — Antennse and legs reddish-yellow, a black vitta on upper side of all
femora and also on under side of the middle and hind ones, short bristly hairs of
mesonotum and hairs of tibiae yellow, wings smoky, the costal cell brownish-yellow,
apex of wings blackish, otherwise as in the male ; length, 20-23 "^^•

Habitat : Cuero (June 6), and Columbus (E. A. Schwarz), Texas.
Type : Cat. No. 6313, U. S. N. M.
Seven males and seven females.

Pycnopogon divisus, sp. nov.

Male. — Black, the knob of the halteres yellow ; hairs of occiput pale yellowish,
a transverse row of black bristles on the upper part, hairs of front pale yellow, those
next the eyes black, hairs of middle of face sparse, pale yellow, those on the sides
and the very dense fringe above the mouth black ; thorax somewhat polished, its
hairs and those of the scutellum pale yellow ; abdpmen polished, the broad bases of
segments two to six opaque, hairs of dorsum very short, sparse, depressed, black,
those of the sides and venter very long, dense, yellow ; hairs of femora yellow, many
black ones at apices of the front and hind ones and a fringe of black ones on the
upper and under sides of the apical third of the middle femora ; hairs and bristles of

140 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

front and hind tibice chiefly black, of the middle tibiae chiefly white and with a fringe
of black ones on the outer and inner sides near the base ; hairs and bristles of tarsi
sparse, black, a dense patch of loiig white hairs on upper side of first joint of the
front ones ; wings hyaline.

Female. — Differs from the male as follows : Black hairs on sides of front and of
face few in number, sixth abdominal segment wholly polished, hairs of middle femora
colored like those on the other femora, hairs and bristles of middle tibias chiefly
vellow, those on the outer side mostly black, no patch of white hairs on the front
tarsi ; length, 12 mm.

Habitat : Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (head of Rio Piedras
Verdas, about 7,300 feet elevation).
Type: Cat. No. 6314, U. S. N. M.
Seven males and three females collected September 17 and iS.

Family Empid.-e.
Sciodromia palliata, sp. nov.

Head blue-black, eyes narrowly separated on the front, contiguous on the face-
antennre brown, proboscis yellow, rigid, nearly as long as height of head, thorax
blue-black, mesonotum polished except a shield-shaped, silvery white spot on the
posterior end, lower portion of pleura and il^per side of scutellum whitish pruinose,
hairs and bristles of thorax black, scutellum bearing four bristles ; abdomen steel,
blue, polished, its hairs whitish, genitalia black and with black hairs ; legs yellow,
including the coxfe, tarsi becoming brownish toward the apices, outer side of hind
tibise bearing many long hairs ; wings hyaline, stigma pale grayish, the upper two
veins that issue from the discal cell very faint ; halteres yellow ; length, 2 mm.

Habitat : Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico.
Type: Cat. No. 6315, U. S. N. M.
Four males collected February 19.

Family Dolichopodid/e.
Sciapus* breviseta, sp. nov.

Head green, the hairs white, the bristles above anterior oral margin and on the
front black ; front deeply excavated, polished, the lower edge and face rather densely
white pruinose, face slightly impressed below the middle, destitute of hairs, antennae
black, the third joint dark brown, transversely elliptical, bristles on under side of
second joint shorter than greatest diameter of this joint, arista slender, less than half

* Sciapus Zeller, 1842 [^= Leptopus Fallen, 1823, preoccupied ; = Psilopus Meigen
1824, preoccupied ; =r Gnajuptopsilopus Aldrich, 1S93). In the Mon. N. Am. Diptera,
II, page 230, Dr. Loew states that all of the European species of Psilopus have the hairs
of the calypteres whitish, and the specimens in the U. S. National Museum agree with
this statement. It is probable that one of the many names proposed by Bigot will be
available for those species in which these hairs are black, but unfortunately he makes
no mention of this character and specimens belonging to the type species are not at
present accessible to the writer.

Sept.,i902.] COQUILLETT : NeW OrTHORRHAPHOUS DiPTERA. 141

as long as the body, proboscis yellow, palpi black ; body greenish, base of first ab-
dominal segment, a rounded spot at base of third extended across the second, also
bases of fourth and fifth black, segments six and seven steel blue, hypopygium brown,
without bristles, claspers rather robust, each bearing a large lobe on the inner side be-
fore the tip, many white hairs on sides of first three abdominal segments, pleura
rather densely white pruinose, hairs of calypteres black, scutellum bearing four large
bristles ; coxa; greenish, apices of front ones yellow, femora blue black, the apices
yellow, tibia; yellow, narrow apices of the hind ones brown, tarsi brown, bases of the
front and middle ones yellow ; under side of femora fringed with rather long white
hairs and toward the apex with several black bristles ; front tibiae bearing about five
rather long black bristles on the inner-posterior side and with three short ones on the
outer side, middle tibiae bearing four rows of from two to four bristles which are rather
short except those on the outer-anterior and the lower ones on the inner-anterior side,
hind tibia; bearing about three rather short bristles on the outer-anterior side ; tarsi
simple, first joint of front ones bearing about five rather long bristles on the posterior-
under side ; wings hyaline, a brown cross-band passing over the hind cross-vein and a
second over the forking of the fourth vein, both bands united at their costal ends as
far as the third vein ; halteres yellow ; length, 6 mm.

Habitat : San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Type: Cat. No. 6316, U. S. N. M.
Twenty-four males collected March 6 to April 4.
Sciapus longlseta, sp. nov.

Differs, from breviseta as follows : Longest bristles on under side of second
antennal joint over twice as long as greatest diameter of this joint, base of third ab-
dominal segment with a narrow transverse spot, the sixth and seventh green, their
bases black, claspers not lobed, femora almost pure black, front tibiae with only three
bristles on the inner- posterior side, none on the outer side, hind tibiae bearing a single
bristle, first joint of front tarsi bearing about two bristles, last two joints of hind tarsi
dilated ; length, 4 mm.

Habitat : San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Type: Cat. No. 6317, U. S. N. M.
Thirty-one males collected March 13 to April 4.
Sciapus clunalis, sp. nov.

Differs from breviseta as follows : Longest bristles on under side of second antennal
joint over twice as long as greatest diameter of this joint, arista about two thirds as long
as the body, base of third abdominal segment narrowly black, the sixth and seventh
greenish with black bases, first segment of hypopygium bearing several rather long
bristles, the last segment considerably swollen, the claspers unusually broad, each
composed of two flattened oval plates, the outer one of which is attached to the inner
near its base, femora greenish, front tibiae bearing two rather long bristles on the inner-
posterior, three short ones on the outer-posterior and two on the outer- anterior side,
first joint of front tarsi bearing three bristles ; length, 5 mm.

Habitat : San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Type : Cat. No. 6318, U. S. N. M.
A male specimen collected April i.

142 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. x.

A NEW PHALANGID FROM THE BLACK MOUN-
TAINS, N. C.

By Nathan Banks.
Scotolemon brunnea, sp. nov.

Body yellowish-brown, shield of abdomen mottled with irregular blackish mark-
ings ; posterior margins of ventral segments, and of the last few dorsal segments mar-
gined with black. Palpi and mandibles yellowish-brown, irregularly netted with
black ; legs mostly blackish, but with some yellow markings, especially on the
patellae. Eye-tubercle large, but blunt, and not far from the anterior margin. Dorsum
of abdomen beyond middle with some acute granules, arranged, especially on the hind
margins of the posterior segments, in transverse rows, each granule is tipped with a
short, stout bristle. The cox£e and ventral surface granulate, larger granules on the
hind margins of coxae ; ventral surface with some erect, short h^ir. Legs slightly
roughened and with short bristles. Tarsus I four-jointed, basal joint rather longest ;
tarsus II eight-jointed, penultimate longest, tarsi III and IV are four-jointed,
the basal much the longest. Tibia II has two or three false articulations. Palpi
large and prominent ; cox£e with one spine below ; femur with four spines above,
the basal two smaller than the others, two spines on inner side near tip, the basal
one the longer, below with four tubercles bearing spines and a group of smaller
tubercles beyond ; patella with two long spines on inner side, one at middle and
one near lip, under side with one spine near tip ; tibia with three spines on outer
side, the middle one much the longest, four on inner side, the second the largest, two
small spines above ; tarsus with three large spines on each side, the basal the
largest ; claw long and stout. The mandibles of the male have a large prominent
projection in front, enlarged at tip, and below on outer side are several short bristles;
there is also a tubercle near base of immovable finger ; the movable finger is greatly
swollen near middle and then bent at right angles. Length, 2 mm.

Several specimens collected by Mr. Beutenmiiller in the valley of
the Black Mountains, Yancy County, N. C, in September. They
were found by sifting damp leaves in the woods.

NOTE ON MAMESTRA VAN-ORBICULARIS SM.

In the description of the above species in the March number of the Journal the
specimen received was inadvertently credited to Prof. Washburn, formerly of Cor-
vallis, from whom I had in times past received material. As a matter of fact the
credit should be to Prof. A. B. Cordley who has been good enough to follow his pre-
decessor in favoring the undersigned with noctuid material.

John B. Smith.

Sept., 1902.1 Dyar : Life-History of Ellida Caniplaga. 143

THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ELLIDA CANIPLAGA.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

This species, more commonly known as Ellida gelida Grt., has
been a rarity in collections. Nothing has been recorded on its larva.
Recently Mr. George Krautwurm, of Pittsburgh, Pa., in correspon-
dence with the Department of Agriculture, mentioned that the larva
was known to him and that he could supply eggs. Dr. Howard kindly
turned over to me the material sent by Mr. Krautwurm and I obtained
the following life history. Ellida caniplaga flies very early, in April.
There is a partial second brood, flying at the end of June and first of
July, and it is these scattering individuals that usually come into the
hands of collectors. Mr. Krautwurm obtained some 75 pupae from
his lot of eggs at Pittsburgh, and none of these emerged the same
season. Of the 20 pupae which I obtained from a i)art of the same lot
of eggs, but which were raised at Washington, D. C., all but three
emerged the same season, or attempted to, for most of them were
crippled. The food plant is the linden {^Tilia americana Linn.).
The little larvae had hatched and were feeding on the young, unde-
veloped leaves when received. They rested on the backs of the
leaves, curled in an incomplete spiral. The dark form of the mature
larva is peculiarly marked.

Egg. — Shape of two thirds of a sphere with flat base and slight
tendency to the conoidal form ; ochreous flesh color or pale brown,
not shining ; a round, translucent luteous spot at the vertex ; surface
finely, obscurely, hexagonally reticulate, the reticulations smaller at
the micropyle. Diameter i.i mm., height .7 mm. The larva issues
by eating a semicircular hole at one side of the vertex.

Stage I. — Head rounded, bilobed, higher than wide, mouth
pointed ; erect ; shining black, mouth and base of clypeus brownish ;
width .4 mm. Body cylindrical, normal, feet all used, but the anal
pair slender; joint 12 with a large, cushion-shaped, dorsal hump;
joint 1 1 weak and smaller, else the segments subequal. A small, narrow,
transverse, cervical shield, small anal plate, the thoracic feet, leg plates
and tubercles shining black. Body translucent yellowish-white, the
food showing green ; a rounded dorsal patch on joints 3 to 10 and 12,
between tubercles i and ii and covering tubercles i, of dull red brown,

144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

shining like the skin, faint on joint 3, large and covering the hump
on joint 12. Tubercles moderate, very distinct, rounded, rather
prominent, normal, no subprimaries ; ia and ib separate, iia and iib
separate, iv on the abdomen behind the spiracle. Segments rather
weakly annulate. Tubercles i on the apex of the hump of joint 12 are
enlarged, separate. Sometimes there are no dorsal spots on joints 3
and 4. Set^e stiff, black. When first hatched the tubercles are not
black, the dorsal spots are dull brown and diffuse while the one on
the hump of joint 12 is blood red.

Stage II. — Head rounded quadrate, angled on the lower sides,
flattened before, higher and wider than joint 2 ; clypeus small, vertex
broadly shallowly notched, erect, dark smoky brown, broadly luteous
in the sutures of the clypeus, vertices of lobes blackish, width .8 mm.
Body cylindrical, joint 12 with a conical dorsal hump, nearly as high
as the width of the segment ; feet moderate, the anal pair about same
size as the others, perpendicular, not extended backward. Segments
obscurely 4-annulate. Not shining, whitish with a yellowish tint,
translucent, the food appearing green. Cervical shield small, trans-
verse, smoky; dorsal patches on joints 3 to 10 small, diffuse, dull
brownish-red, the hump on joint 12 brighter red. Tubercles minute,
concolorous, obscure ; setse small, slender, short, black. Feet all
pale. Later the feet were testaceous, the head nearly uniformly dark
brown ; dorsal spots more distinct and rounded, marked in pale dots
by tubercles i and ii. Rarely the spots are conjoined into a monili-
form band, narrowed before, broken at joint 11. Still later there
appears a broad, opaque, white, subdorsal band. The larva rests on
the back of a leaf with the head curved and touching the middle of
the body.

Stage III — Head higher and broader than joint 2, higher than
wide, convex flattened before, obliquely flattened towards vertex,
rounded squarish, the vertex shallowly notched ; mouth roundedly
projecting ; clypeus less than half to vertex ; white on each side of the
median suture above clypeus, else shaded with blackish luteous ; ver-
tices of lobes black, the patches conjoined narowly across the vertical
notch; labrum pale; width i.i mm. Body moderate, a little smaller
behind; joint 12 with a dorsal conical hump, not large. Anal feet
slight, used. Segments 5 -annulate. Whitish, translucent, a broad,
opaque white, subdorsal band, weakly contrasted ; dorsal patches red-
brown, forming a confused band on joints 3 to 5, streaked on the

i

Sept , I902.] Dyar : Life-History of Ellida Caniplaga. 145

annulets, on 6 to lo and 12 forming neat round spots, very slightly-
elevated, marked in white by tubercle i and an annulet groove ; a
slight dot on joint 11 and on 13 anteriorly ; the spots of joints 6 and 7
are produced backward a little on the dorsal line. No shields ; tuber-
cles and setffi obscure, concolorous, whitish. Another larva had the
head white with brovvn-black dots at the apex of each lobe and on eye ;
subdorsal band yellowish ; dorsal spots smaller, finally fading out ex-
cept for tiny paired dots. The subdorsal line is widened and yellow-
blotched on the segments and there is a narrow suprastigmatal white
line and traces of a fine lateral one.

Sfa^i^e IV. — Head shaped as before, held obliquely ; yellowish-
green over the lobes, clypeus and a space below the ej^es greenish ; a
small, neat, elliptical, black patch on the summit of each lobe; eyes
in a small black spot ; labrum whitish, jaws yellowish at base, an-
tennae very small and pale; width 2.5 mm. Body slender, cylin-
drrcal, joint 12 with a sharp, triangular dorsal hump, more oblique
before than behind, not as high as the diameter of the segment ; seg-
ments coarsely 5 -annulate, the incisures depressed. Feet normal,
equal, resembling Lophodonta. No shields ; transparent green, pulsa-
tions of dorsal vessel visible ; an opaque subdorsal band, widened
dorsally in the centers of the segments to touch its fellow, white on
the edge, yellow below, the color darkest centrally on the segments ;
tip of hump on the anterior slope dark red or a blackish-red dorsal
patch on the second annulet on joints 8 to 10 also. A narrow,
straight line just below the broad subdorsal line and in part fused with
it ; similar lateral and suprastigmatal lines uniformly pale yellow.
Tracheal line visible ; spiracles whitish ; no marks below ; set?e short,
whitish, the tubercles invisible. Later the dorsal spots faded to a
faint vinous shade, but leaving a dark dot on tubercle i. In the pale
larva a narrow white line appeared subventrally. The larva rests on
the vein of a leaf, the body curled in a half spiral, the head crossed
over the middle of the body and elevated.

Stage V. — Head rounded, higher than wide, vertex retreating,
shallowly notched ; clypeus small, slightly depressed, labrum incised
at sides, emarginate, with the mandibles forming a rounded, project-
ing mouth ; pale green, slightly shagreened, yellow shaded outwardly
on the lobes and each side of median suture ; a rounded black patch
on summit of each lobe, over eye and covering distal three fourths of
jaw; clypeus deeper green ; antennee small, slender, pale; width 3.5

14G Journal New York Extomological Society. [Voi. x.

mm. Body cylindrical, normal, joint 12 with a dorsal angled hump,
forming a low, subconical projection, joint 13 tapering a little, else
subequal, joint 2 smaller than the head. Segments coarsely 5 -annu-
late, annulet 2 the highest. Translucent whitish-green, the feet very
pale ; subdorsal line opaque, yellow, white on annulets i and 5 and
on its upper edge, widened dorsally on the segments to touch its fellow
on the third annulet on joints 6 to 11, widened laterally on joint 2,
but on the other segments straight on its lower edge. Three fine lat-
eral lines (lower subdorsal, lateral and suprastigmatal ), pale yellow,
straight, the upper in part confluent with the subdorsal on annulet i,
the three separated by equal spaces of the translucent ground color.
A broken, somewhat waved, narrow, pale, substigmatal line. Dorsal
geminate dots of dark red more or less distinct on joints 5 to 8, dorsad
of tubercle i on the slightly raised second annulet, a single spot on the
summit of the hump on joint 12. Tubercles invisible, seta^ minute,
the dorsal ones dusky. This is the palest form. In others the red
marks vary greatly. One had the dorsal spots large and single on
joints 3 to 10 and 12. The darkest forms have the head nearly white,
flushed with pink over the faces of the lobes; lines all yellow except
the edge of the subdorsal next to the red spots. There may be an in-
complete line of dark red between the subdorsal and lower subdorsal
lines ; dorsal dark red spots filling all the dorsum except for the sub-
dorsal line. Or the whole larva may be shaded with dark vinous red,
the color crossing the subdorsal line at annulet i and forming great
blotches over the sides.

The larvae formed slight cocoons in the earth. The change to
pupa took place immediately, even in those individuals that did not
emerge till the following year. The pupa is cylindrical, rather elon-
gate and tapering slightly at both ends, smooth, rather light brown,
shining. The cases are shagreened, the wing veins showing rather
plainly ; abdominal segments lightly, uniformly punctured, the three
movable incisures finely granular. Cremaster a stout spine, termi-
nated in a number of irregular hooks Length 20 mm., width 6 mm.

Sept., 1902.] Betten : The Larva of Molanna Cinerea. 147

THE LARVA OF THE CADDIS FLY, MOLANNA
CINEREA HAGEN.

By C. Betten.

Historical.

The material upon which this study is based was all collected at
Saranac Inn, New York. For the most part, the specimens were
taken from Little Clear Creek — the outlet of Little Clear Lake, one of
the innumerable beautiful lakes of the Adirondacks. In this region
caddis flies were found to be very abundant. During the ten weeks
succeeding June 15, 1900, almost a score of different larvae were
found, while upwards of thirty species of adults were caught. Of the
latter the greater number were secured by means of trap lanterns.
Conspicuous among these many species was Molaniia cinerea Hagen,
the subject of this study. The interesting character of this larva, the
fact that it was successfully reared, and above all, its presence in such
large numbers, were the considerations that led to its selection for a
more detailed study.

The amount of work already done along this line is exceedingly
small. In fact the Trichoptera are a somewhat neglected order. For
the adults, to be sure, we have MacLachlan's* great monograph of
the European fauna. The immature stages however have received
scarcely any attention. Their natural history is fairly presented in
Miall's Natural History of Aquatic Insects. This account consists
almost exclusively in extracts from the work of Reaumur. Professor
Patten t gives us the embryology of one species. Professor K. J.
Morton, I F. J. Pictet,;^ Fr. A. Kolenati || and Miss Cora Clarke^
are among those who have described various species. The glands of

*MACLArHLAN, Robert. A monograph revision and synopsis of the Trichop-
tera of the European Fauna. 1879.

t Fatten, William. The Development of Phryganids. Three pi. (^uart.
Journ. Micros. Sc, Vol. XXIV, pp. 549-602.

+ Morton, K. J. Notes on the Metamorphosis of British Leptocerida-. 1890.
Entomol. Month. Mag., Vol. I, No. 5, pp. 127-131.

\ PiCTET, F. |. Recherches pour servir a I'histoire et 1' anatomic des Phrygani-
des. Geneve and Paris, 1834.

II Kolenati, P'r. A. Cienera et Species Trichopterorum. Pars I, Pragae,
1848, Pars II. Mosquae, 1859.

^[Clarke, Cora H. Caddis flies of Stony Brook. Psyche, 1891. P. 153.

148 Journal New V'okk Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

the thorax have been carefully studied by Professor Gilson * and
M. Maurice Henseval.f They reach the conclusion that these glands
have a nephridial function. Professor Lucas J presents a detailed
account of the metamorphosis of the mouth parts and salivary glands
of Anabolia fiircata.

The most complete work on life histories is that of Professor
Franz Klapalek,§; of Prag. This contains a general description of the
cases, larvae and pupje of European Trichoptera. The body of the
work consists of the description of the cases, larvae and pupse of
forty -three species previously practically unknown. A statement of
family characteristics makes this the best if not the only work avail-
able for the determination of immature caddis flies. Dr. Georg
Ulmer is at present engaged with a similar work on the Trichoptera of
Germany. In this connection should also be mentioned Professor R.
Struck'sf paper on caddis fly cases, in which a table is given for de-
termination by means of the cases. One of the species described by
Professor Klapalek is Molanna augiistata Curt., which seems to be a
very close European relative of Molanna cinerea and much help has
been derived from a comparison with this description. I have given
a general account of this species with colored figures of all stages artd
of the case in Bulletin 47 of the New York State Museum.

External Anatomy.
Larva. _ — The larva of Molanna cinerea was found in abundance
until about the middle of August. Up to that time they were obtained
with the greatest ease by means of a sieve net drawn through the sandy
bottom where little or no vegetation appeared. Both the adult and
larva of this insect are striking examples of protective form and colora-
tion. The former by its color and its habitual posture with abdomen
tilted upward and closely wrapped by the wings, exactly simulates a

* Gilson, G. Journ. Micr. Soc. London, Pt. I, p. 30. Thoracic glands in
larvae of Trichoptera.

f Henseval, M. Maurice. Les glandes buccales des larves de Trichoptera.
La Cellule, XII, pp. 1-12.

\ Lucas, R. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Mundwerkzeuge der Trichopteren.
Arch. f. Naturg., LIX.

?l KlapAlek, Fk. Metamorphose der Trichopteren, serie I and II, Archiv. der
Naturwissenschaftl. Landesdurchforshung von liohnien, Band VI, No. 5 and Band
VIII, No. 6.

11 Struck, R. Illus. Zeitschr. f. Entomol., Band IV, Nos. 8, 10, 17, 19, 20, 21.

Sept., 1902.] The Larva of Molanna Cinerea. 149

splinter or snag of wood, while the case of the latter, being made
entirely of sand, could hardly be discovered, even if moving about in
clear shallow water. This case consists of a slender tube with a wide
sheath extending beyond on all sides, but farthest at the anterior end.
It is therefore of a flat conical shape, rounded at both ends, with the
greatest diameter at the anterior opening of the tube. Its length is
20 mm., its width 10 mm. Professor Klapalek says that before
pupation the larva of Molanna angustata removes the forward part of
the sheath and that the sides are also often much narrower than in the
larval stage. Such a condition of the case was frequently observed in
Molanna cinerea, but was not invariable, and might at all events be
due, in part at least, to the natural wearing away of the case which
can no longer be repaired by the occupant.

The larva is slender, with its head at an angle with the main axis
of the body. Its length is 12 mm., its width 2 mm. The head and
thorax are of a yellow color. The sutures of the head are bordered
with black, forming with the suture of the pronotum a large Y, the
arms of which join near the rear of the head. The antennae stand just
posterior to the bases of the mandibles. They consist of two joints —
a broad conical one at the base, and a second shorter one which is in
turn surmounted by a stout bristle of about its own length. The mouth
parts are well developed. The labrum is of elliptical form —the
forward edge almost straight. The mandibles are very strong, carry-
ing two and three teeth on the right and the left side respectively.
Along the outer edge of each mandible, stand two long bristles. The
gula is a trapezoid in shape, longer than broad. It is of a dark brown
color. The labium is thickly set with hairs at its base. The
maxillary palpi are of a conical shape and are closely applied to the
maxillae. Each palpus has four joints, only the last extending beyond
the maxillae. On the inner edge of the maxillce are three stout
bristles. The labium is conical in shape, carrying on each side of its
point a three-jointed palpus. At its very tip the opening of the sali-
vary (silk) glands may be seen.

The thorax is of the same color as the head. The pronotum is more
heavily chitinized than the other divisions. Its anterior edge is gently
arched. The posterior edge forms two arches, the incision between
which is continued to form the longitudinal suture almost to the an-
terior edge. The entire posterior edge is margined with black. The
forward half of the mesonotum is covered with a chitinous shield which

150

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

is divided longitudinally into two parts. Along this division are
numerous brown patches. The rear half also has a brown spot just
forward of its center.

The legs are yellow with the adjoining edges of coxa and trochanter
black. The first pair is the shortest. It has many spurs along its
inner edge. One is found at the distal end of the trochanter, three on
the femur besides one at its distal end, one is placed on a distinct
prominence near the end of the tibia, while a row of smaller ones runs
obliquely across this joint. The tarsus carries one spur and still an-
other is located at the base of the single claw. On the second pair of
legs we find one spur on the distal end of the trochanter, ten along the
inner edge of the femur with a stout one at the middle of the row, one
on a prominence on the tibia, two on the tarsus and one at the base of

Fig. I. Semi-diagrammatic cross-.section of the larva through the first abdominal
segment ; dt, dorsal tubercle ; It, lateral tubercles ; a, chitin ; b, hypodermis ; c, dorso-
ventral muscles; d, fat masses; e, blood; f, malphigian tubules; g, crop; //, sali-
vary glands ; /, nerve cord. Drawing by Miss Maud H. Anthony.

the claw. The femur also carries numerous hairs on its outer edge.
The third and longest pair of legs are (juite different from the others.
The large spurs are wanting, only the femur has its inner edge covered
with black spines. The end of the tarsus is covered with a brush of
thick hairs so that no claws can be distina;uished. The femur has a

Sept., 1902.]

The Larva of Molanna Cinerea.

151

transparent spot at its center. This pair of legs is more hairy than
he others.

The abdomen of the larva is of a light color tinged with brick red.
The first segment has three tubercles (Fig. i), the upper one by far
the largest. Respiratory filaments occur on six of the nine segments.
They are placed at the forward edge of the segments, in two rows on
both dorsal and ventral sides. Their number and position may be
represented diagrammatically by the accompanying figures.

Dorsal side. Ventral side.

0

0

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

2

2

0

0

0

0

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

0

0

0

0

A fringe of hairs runs along the sides of the body from the third to
eighth segment. Along the latter segment, the fringe consists of very
stiff hairs set in pairs. The body is terminated by a pair of two-
jointed prolegs. These carry strong hooks which point outward. At
the base of each of the large hooks are two smaller ones.

Internal Anatomy.

The larva was found to be ([uite unfavorable for gross dissection,
hence for the study of internal structure reliance has been placed
chiefly upon microtome sections which were prepared by the ordinary
methods.

The alimentary canal consists, as is usual, of mouth, gullet, crop,
stomach, intestine and rectum. The second of these divisions is
about straight ; its walls are not convoluted and are surrounded by
strong circular muscles This division extends to the prothorax.
The crop extends through the remainder of the thorax. Its strong
walls are much convoluted, and its circular muscles are of great size,
especially near the opening into the stomach. The region from

152 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

the thorax to the middle of the sixth segment is occupied by the
stomach. Here the circular muscles are smaller than around any
other part of the canal. The stomach epithelium is arranged in
regular folds with nests of regenerative cells between them. The
stomach was found to be infested with Gregarinidae which closely re-
sembled the young Clepsidrina figured in Bronn's Klassen und Ord-
nungen.* The intestine extends to the middle of seventh segment.
Its epithelium is arranged in six longitudinal ridges or cushions with
thinner parts alternating. The cells of the cushions and their nuclei
are large. The rectum occupies the remaining segments. The inner
walls are much convoluted except in the last segment in which they
are quite straight Its epithelium is made up of very large cells.

In late larval stages the metamorphosis of the stomach may be ob-
served. The epithelium is cast off entire and is seen lying in the cen-
ter of the canal. In its place there has developed a very even and
thin epithelium. The six cushions again appear in the intestine as do
also the large cells in the rectum.

The malphigian tubules enter the alimentary canal near the point
where the stomach passes over into the intestine. They are six in
number and extend in many loops through every segment of the ab-
domen.

The salivary glands occupy a conspicuous place in the internal
structure of the larva. They extend through the greater part of the
abdomen, lying in three main loops. Throughout the thorax they ap-
pear as two straight tubes lying under the alimentary canal. Between
the subcesophagal and the first thoracic ganglion of the nervous system
they pass below the nerve cord. The glands unite at the base of the
labium and open as a single tube. In this part lies the apparatus for
shaping the silk, which is minutely described by Lucas, in the work
referred to above. A smaller pair of glands is found in the head,
lying folded under the oesophagus.

The nervous system of this larva is very simple. Professor Klap-
alek speaking of Trichoptera in general says there are eleven ganglia
besides those of the head. In this larva ganglia were found in only
six of the abdominal segments, making a total of nine besides the sub-
resophagal and supracesophagal ganglia. Whether this is an exception
to the general rule or whether the preparations were defective, is im-
possible to decide.

* Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Vol. I, PI. 35, Fig. 9.

Sept., 1902. J

The Larva of Molanna Cinerea. 153

The blood system is likewise simple. The main blood vessel is
easily distinguishable along the dorsal side. In cross section it ap-
pears triangular. Throughout the body there is a great deal of free

blood.

The reproductive system is fairly well developed in the larva.
The ovaries and spermaries lie in the fourth abdominal segment.

Mention should also be made of the numerous large oinocytes
which lie near the body wall throughout a great part of the abdomen,
and of the wing buds which appear very clearly in the mesothorax and
metathorax as infoldings in the epithelium.

Reference has been made to the three tubercles on the first ab-
dominal segment. It has long been known that these are retractile
and protrusible and so serve to fix the position of the larva in its case
and perhaps to regulate the flow of water through the case. ' How
this movement is brought about has not been explained. The accom-
panying figure shows the simple muscular arrangement by which the
retraction is accomplished. Besides these few muscles nothing was
found in the tubercles, excepting blood and a small amount of fat. It
is altogether probable that the protrusion is effected by a contraction
vof the body forcing the blood into the tubercles.

A New Type of Dermal Gland.

We conclude our account of the larva with the mention of certain
-dermal glands (Fig. 2) which appear in the fourth, fifth, sixth, and sev-
enth segments. Unless these glands are not common among the Trich-
optera it is surprising that theyshould have remained unnoticed hitherto,
for their size as well as the fine staining of which they are susceptible
make them very prominent in sections made in any plane of the body.
The dermal glands described by Andreas Martynow * resemble these
more than any others that are described. That they are essentially
different, however, is shown by the following points of contrast : they
occur in the posterior segments of the thorax and in all the abdominal
segments, they are unicellular and they open through the chitin by
means of a canal. The glands of Molanna cinerea, on the contrary,
are composed of many cells and have no openings through the chitin.
These glands are at the middle of the sides of the body in the lower
angle formed by one of the dorso-ventral muscles and thejxxiyjvvall,

* Martynow, Andreas, Uber einige eigenthiimliche Drusen bei den Tri-
chopteren, Zool. Anz., XXIV, pp. 449-455> 5 figs-

154

Journal New York Entomological Society.

[Vol. X.-

and in the upper angle formed by another dorso-ventral muscle with
the body wall. They lie near the anterior end of the segments named,
a little above the middle of the body so that the lateral fringe crosses
the glands below the center. The fact that they appear of the same
shape in both frontal and sagittal sections would indicate that the
glands are round. Their diameter was estimated at one half the length
of a segment, and their depth about one eighth or one ninth the width

Pig. 2. Ventral section of a dermal gland ; a, dorso-ventral muscle; />, epithe-
lium ; r, mouth of the gland ; (/, lateral frmge. Drawing by Miss Maud H. Anthony.

of a segment. The gland cells are wedge-shaped and are evidently
modifications of the regular epithelium. Their nuclei are granulated
and have small clefts pointing to the mouth of the gland. They lie
along the inner edges of the cells. Numerous vacuoles occur through-
out the gland. Concerning the function of these glands nothing was
learned. Their absence in the pupal stage might lead us to infer that
perhaps they were concerned in the process of metamorphosis, as is
known to be true of the dermal Ldands of certain other insects.

Sept., I0O2.] Kellogg .t Chapman : Mallophaga of Hawaii. 1").")

MALLOPHAGA FROM BIRDS OF THE HAWAIIAN

ISLANDS.

By V. L. Kellogg and B. L. Chapman,
Stanford University, California.

The Mallophaga (biting lice) identified and described in this paper
were collected by Mr. Richard C. MacGregor from birds shot and
identified by himself in the Hawaiian Islands, and constitute the first
collection of insects of this order made in the islands. The collec-
tion includes twenty species of jjarasites taken from twelve species of
birds. Of these twenty species fourteen are here named and described
as new, four are named and described as varieties of previously known
species, while but two can be considered typical representatives of al-
ready known species. Of the twelve bird species composing the list of
hosts, four are species peculiar to the Hawaiian Islands and the para-
sites of these hosts are all new species except the two taken from the
Hawaiian coot, Fulica alai.

The collection is too small and the new species in it altogether too
strongly in the majority, to make profitable any attempt to compare
the Mallophaga of Hawaii with those of other regions.

The occurrence of Lipeunis docophoroides, the typical parasite of the
California partridges, on the introduced Indian "minha" is interest-
ing, but is probably explained by the ground feeding habits of the
■' minha " and the introduction into Hawaii of the partridges. Inter-
esting also and not so readily explicable is the occurrence of Oncoph-
orus adena a characteristic parasite of coots and found in the Hawaiian
coot, on the forest inhabiting honey-sucker, Vestiaria coccinea.

The following is a list of the papers by Kellogg (as sole or joint
author) constantly referred to in the following pages by abbreviated
titles.

New Mallophaga, I ; Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins .Seaside Laboratory
of the Leland Stanford Junior University, No. IV, 1896.

New Mallophaga, II ; Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labora-
tory of the Leland Stanford Junior University, No. VII, 1896.

New Mallophaga, III ; Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labora-
tory of the Leland Stanford Junior University, No. XIX, 1899.

A List of the Biting Lice (Mallophaga) taken from Birds and Mammals of North
America, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., Vol. XXII, pp. 39-100, 1899.

156 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. x.

Mallophaga from Birds of the Galapagos Islands, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV,

pp. 457-499, 1902, pis. XXVIII-XXXI.
Mallophaga from Birds of the Pacific Coast of North America, Jour. New York Ent.

Soc, Vol. X, pp. 20-28, 1902.

The nomenclature of the host birds used in this paper is that
adopted by Bryan in his Key to the Birds of the Hawaiian Group
(190 1, Bishop Museum, Honolulu).

Docophorus communis NitzscJi.

Germar, Mag. fiir Ent., Ill, p. 290, 1818 ; Kellogg, List of N. A. Mallophaga,
p. 50, 1899.

From Carpodaciis inexicauiis obscurus fPun Olai, Maui Island),
and Muni a insoria.
Docophorus macgregori, sp. nov. (Plate XHI, Fig. i).

Female: Body, length 1. 45 mm.; width, .53 mm.; head dark chestnut
brown, body uncolored with distinct triangular lateral blotches ; genital blotch show-
ing through body.

Head, length .5 mm.; width .48 mm. ; triangular, forehead tapering and clypeal
front narrow and slightly concave, with two short hairs on the lateral margin, one
longer hair rising in front of the sutures, and one short prickle at the suture ; trabeculas
prominent, nearly as long as the first two segments of the antennae, deep chestnut-
brown at the base, with uncolored tip; eye indistinct with one long hair, and near
the posterior margin a second long hair ; temples rounding, with four long hairs, the
three in the temporal angle are pustulated, occipital margin weakly convex ; ground
color of head chestnut-brown, signature distinct, anterior margin deeply concave,
with a slight lateral constriction near the anterior angles, lateral margins rapidly
diverging, forming sharp posterior angles, the posterior margin extending backward
in a long, acute angle beyond the mandibles ; antennal bands interrupted at the suture,
dark chestnut brown, the posterior extremities bending inward and back, meeting the
dark brown occipital bands ; temples an even rich chestnut-brown.

Prothorax small, lateral margins slightly diverging ; lateral blotches dark chest-
nut-brown, separated by a broad light medium line ; lateral margins blackish.
Metathorax with strongly divergent lateral margins, angulated on abdomen, with distinct
lateral blotches separated medially by an uncolored line, vi^ith a series of long pustu-
lated hairs along the posterior margin. Sternal markings of dark chestnut-brown,
intercoxal lines showing through the surface. Legs pale chestnut-brown, darkening
slightly on anterior margins.

Abdomen ovate, widening gradually to segment 4 and rounding rapidly to seg-
ment 9, lateral angles rounding with one to three long hairs ; many long, pustulated,
dorsal hairs in a transverse series in the posterior margin of each segment ; lateral
transverse triangular blotches dark chestnut-brown, darkening slightly on the lateral
margin ; the posterior margin interrupted by the uncolored pustulations ; median por-
tion of the abdomen uncolored ; segment 8 entirely brown ; segment '9 narrowly
emarginate, a few short prickles on the posterior margin ; genital blotches distinctly
dark brown, broadly rounding on segment 5 and rapidly tapering to sharp angle on
segment 8 ; two distinct pustulations in the lateral angles on segment 6.

Sept., I902.] Kellogg & Chapman : Mallophaga of Hawah. 157

Male : Body, length 1. 33 mm.; width .5 mm.; head, length .5 mm.; width .48 mm.;
abdomen broadly ovate, last segment flatly rounding, with very long hair in the lat-
eral angles ; segments 6-9 entirely chestnut-brown.

Specimens from Chloi-odrepanis virens (Kahului, Maui Island, and
las Valley, Maui Island. )

Docophorus fuliginosus hawaiiensis, var. nov.

Kellogg, New Mallophaga, T, 1896, p. So, pi. Ill, fig. 2; List of Mallo-
phaga, 1899, p. 47.

Measurements of male, body length 1.6 mm., wddth .75 mm., head length. 6 mm.,
width .6 mm., abdomen broadly ovate to subcircular, distinctly turbinate, strongly
colored, showing but little light uncolored median region, segments 1-6 with series of
strong pustulations.

Many specimens from Charadrius dominiais fiihnis (Kahului, Maui
Island) and from Heteractitis iticamis (Hito, Hawaii Island) may be
referred to the SY>^c\e?, fultginosjis but they show well-marked varietal
differences

Nirmus minhaensis, sp. nov. (Plate XIII, Fig. 2.)

Female : Body length 1. 83 mm., width .46 mm., pale golden brown.

Head, length .65 mm.; width .38 mm.; narrowly elongate, conical, with the cly-
peal margin broadly rounding ; its uncolored clypeal region expanding'in front of the
suture ; seven hairs on the margin of forehead, two of which are longer than others
and arise dorsally ; antennae with second segment longest, and segment 5 longer than
segments 3 or 4 ; eye not prominent with one hair, temples with sides nearly parallel,
one long pustulated hair in the broadly rounded temporal angle and three short
prickles on the margin ; occipital margin slightly concave, without hairs or prickles ;
general color of the head pale golden brown , clypeal signature pale brown but dis-
tinct, narrowing slightly posteriorly ; anterior and posterior margins slightly convex ;
antennal bands broad anteriorly but little darker than general color of the head deep-
ening to black-brown at the antennal fossse ; ocular blotch distinct, black-brown ; tem-
poral borders narrow but well marked until interrupted by the pustulation, broader
just below the eye ; occipital blotches distinct.

Prothorax short, sides parallel ; posterior angle with one long pustulated hair ;
general color pale brown with whitish median line and narrow dark lateral bands.
Metathorax with broad rounding sides, diverging posteriorly ; one long hair in the
posterior angle ; posterior margin with a long, acute, median angle ; lateral sub-
marginal band, widening near the anterior angle and again in front of the posterior
angle. Legs pale golden brown without dark markings.

Abdomen narrow, elliptical ; broadening 'rapidly to segment 4 ; posterior angle
distinct with 1-2 long hairs ; broad transverse band of pale brown separated by a dis-
tinct uncolored median line extending to segment 6, bands shining in segments 6 and
7 ; lateral bands dark golden brown, broader anteriorly ; posterior margins of seg-
ments uncolored ; last segment broadly rounding with a slight emargination.

One specimen from Acridotheres tristis (Hahaina, Maui Island).

158 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Nirmus stenozonus, sp. nov. (Plate XIII, Fig. 3.)

Female : Body, length 2 mm.; width .4 mm.; long, slender, pale yellow brown
with distinct blackish marginal markings on the abdomen.

Head, length .4 mm.; width .36 mm.; elongate, conical with a very narrow,
slightly convex anterior margin, two short marginal hairs near the front ; a long weak
hair in front of the trabeculce which reach as far as the second segment of the an-
tennje ; antennse with second segment longest, segment 5 longer than segments 3 or
4, color pale yellow brown ; eyes inconspicuous with a short prickle near the posterior
margin ; temporal margins flat with one long pustulated hair and a few short prickles ;
ground color of head yellow brown with golden brown antennal band, bending
sharply in at the antennas ; anterior margins separated by an uncolored clypeus ;
temples bordered with narrow band of dark chestnut-brown ; a pale brown shield-
shaped occipital blotch surrounded by a V-shaped uncolored marking extending from
the dark colored mandibles to the occipital margin.

Prothorax short with rounding lateral margins ; one hair in the rounding pos-
terior angles ; pale golden brown lateral borders ; metathorax trapezoidal with widely
diverging sides (posterior angles extending beyond the lateral margin of the abdomen),
a few short prickles and one long hair in the posterior angles, posterior margin slightly
rounding on the abdomen ; chestnut-brown marginal markings, paling anteriorly after
the constriction ; no distinct sternal markings. Legs pale yellow brown, concolorous
with the body, with darker marginal markings.

Abdomen very long and slender with subparallel sides ; abdominal segments
gradually widening to segment 6, segment 7 slightly narrower and abruptly tapering
with segment 8 ; two hairs in the posterior angles ; segment 8 broadly rounding with
slight emargination ; pale yellowish-brown with l^lackish-brown linear bands on the
lateral margins of segments I-7 ; last segments without dark markings.

l\vo females from Miinia iiisoria and Vestiai'ia cocciuea (Hilo,
Hawaii Island). The specimen is much like ductilis but shows dis-
tinct abdominal blotches.
Nirmus diaprepes, sp. nov. (Plate XIII, Fig. 4.)

Female : Body, length 1. 55 rnm.; width .53 mm.; white, with dark brown to
black marginal bands, brown median abdominal markings.

Head, length .46 mm.; width .4 ram.; conical, front slightly concave, with five
marginal hairs placed equidistant in front of the trabecule, a few dorsal hairs ex-
tending beyond the margin ; trabeculse large, uncolored ; antennse uncolored, seg-
ment 2 longest, 3 and 4 about equal ; segment 5 as long as both segments 3 and 4 ;
eye inconspicuous with short prickle ; temporal margins slightly rounding with one,
long, weak, pustulated hair in the angle, two short prickles on lateral margin behind
the eye ; posterior margin straight, with two stiff bristles near the lateral angle ;
ground color of the head yellowish -white, clypeus uncolored, antennal bands rather
broader than other body markings, black fading inwardly, distinct interruption in
front of the trabeculae ; ocular blotch distinct, black, meeting the temporal bands
which grow narrow at the temporal angles and disappear on the occipital margin ; the
mandibles chestnut-brown, a shield-shaped occipital signature chestnut-brown, darker
in narrow anterior angle.

Sept.,i902.] Kellogg & Chapman: Mallophaga of Hawaii. 159

Prothorax quadrangular, with flatly rounding sides, posterior angles rounded
with one hair ; dark brown marginal border ; intercoxal lines of sternum showing
through. Metathorax with widely diverging sides ; posterior angles extending be-
yond the first segments of the abdomen ; a series of long pustulated hairs along the
broadly acute posterior margin ; dark brown blotch in the anterior angles ; black
brown blotches in posterior angles, fading inwardly to a narrow brown band remote
from the posterior margin which is pale golden brown. Legs palest golden brown,
femora and tibire with dorsal marginal black markings with a blackish-brown annula-
tion near the distal extremity, a few short stiff hairs.

Abdomen elongate ovate, sides subparallel ; segments I to 4 rapidly widening ;
lateral angle acute with from one to three long weak hairs ; narrow black brown
marginal markings on segments I to 8 ; segment 8 with pale brown submarginal band
passing in an elongate curve across the segment broadening on the median line ; seg-
ment 9 uncolored, deeply emarginate, with one short prickle and one long hair each
side of the emargination ; segments 2-8 with a broad median blotch separated from
the lateral border by a broad uncolored band.

Male: Body, length 1.25 mm. ; width .46 mm. ; head, length .38 mm. ; width
.38 mm. ; last abdominal segment protruding, narrowly rounded with several long
hairs each side of the middle of the posterior margin, segment 8 narrow, with small
pale blotch near lateral margins, segments 8-9 with broad continuous median blot-
ches ; genitalia composed of narrow bars, showing through segments 6-9.

Male and female from Vestiaria coccinea (Hilo, Hawaii Islands).

Nirmus orarius hawaiiensis, var. nov.

Kellogg, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 104, pi. V, fig. 5 ; List of Mallophaga,

1899, p. 55-

Female : Body, length 1.5 mm. ; width .38 mm. ; head, length .25 mm. ; width
.26 mm. Male : Body, length 1.3 mm. ; width .33 mm. ; head, length .4 mm. ;
width .26 mm. ; head not so elongate as in orarius, clypeus not extending so far
laterally, color of head translucent with distinct occipital signature, abdomen with
distinctly darker brown transverse bands.

Several specimens from Charadriiis dominicus fulvus and Fulica
alai (Kahului, Maui Island) can be referred to this species but differ
in such degree as to make them entitled to varietal rank.

Nirmus gloriosus emarginatus, var. nov.

Kellogg and Kuw.\n.\, Mallophaga from Birds of the Galapagos Ids., Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, 1902, pp. 457-499, fig. i, pi. XXIX.

Female, body length, 1.9 mm.; width, .38 mm. ; head, length, .43 mm.; width
.26 mm.; male, body length 1.6 mm.; width .33 mm. ; head, length .41 mm.;
width .25 mm. ; clypeus with distinct emargination, general color paler chestnut
brown.

Several specimens from Anous stolidus (Kahului, Maui Island) can
be referred to this species but must have a varietal name.

Lipeurus docophoroides minhaensJs, var. nov.

PiAGET, Les Pediculines, 1895, p. 357, pi. XXVIII, fig. 9 ; Kellogg, List of
Mallophaga, 1899, p. 63.

160 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

Female, body length, 2 mm.; width 1. 05 mm. ; head, length .58 mm.; width
.5 mm.

One female from Acridotheres tristis (Lahaina, Maui Island)
which shows such a disproportionate width of body when compared
with typical specimens of the species that it must be considered the
type of a variety.
Oncophorus ad vena Kellogg.

Kki LOGG, New Mallophaga, i, 1896, p. 130, pi. XI, figs. 1-2; List of Mal-
lophaga, 1899, p. 66.

From Fiilica alai (Kahului, Maui Island), Vestiaria coccitiea and
Heteractitis incaniis (Hilo, Hawaii Island). This parasite is normal
on the coot {Fii/ica) but is a wholly unexpected find on the honey-
creei)er ( Vestiaria).
Qoniocotes chinensis, sp. nov. (Plate XIII, Fig. 5 )

FetnaU : Body, length 2.35 mm.; width .96 mm. ; whole body translucent with
dark golden brown marginal markings on thorax and posterior margin of head, but
paling distinctly on the abdomen.

Head, length .65 mm.; width 85 mm.; front broadly rounding with several short
weak hairs on margin in front of the antennje, which are long and pale in color, the
first segment longer than the second and the third and fourth subequal and together
about as long as the second segment; eye flatly rounding with one short spine near
the posterior angle ; temporal margins sharply diverging, meeting the occipital margin
in an acute angle with two long hairs and one short spine on a sharp angular projec-
tion of the temporal margin beyond the real angle of the temples.

An acute angle each side of the median angle of the occipital margin each with a
short prickle ; ground color of the head pale translucent yellow with a narrow band
of darker yellow on the rounded front. These bands fade slightly inwardly, and in
front of the antennne turn in and darken distinctly into golden brown, fading towards
the mandibles which are also dark chestnut brown ; distinct chestnut-brown blotch
in front of the eye, the temples with distinct yellow marginal ; bands occipital margin
dark chestnut-brown, fading inwardly.

Prothorax narrow, sides slightly diverging, posterior angles not prominent with
one long weak hair, dark golden brown lateral bands and the sternal markings show-
ing through as broad golden brown bands, bending in and back and meeting in a
broad sternal shield on the metathorax narrow, indistinct ; a long hair in each lateral
angle ; dark golden brown lateral bands paling inwardly. Legs pale with slightly
darker marginal band and few weak hairs ; front pair very short and weak, second
pair little stronger. Abdomen obovate, widening gradually to segment 4 and broadly
rounding to the last segment ; one to three hairs in the posterior margins growing
longer on the posterior segments ; last segment rounding with narrow deep median
emargination ; a few long and .short hairs on the margin ; ground color translucent
pale yellow, lateral bands of darker yellow growing paler after segment I resembling
somewhat a series of vertebrce, last segment without distinct markings.

From Tiirtnr ciiincnsis (Kahului, Maui Island).

Sept., I902.] Kellogg & Chapman : Mallophaga of Hawaii. 16l

Colpocephalum kilauensis, sp. nov. (Plate XIV, Fig. i.)

Female: Body, length 1. 55 mm.; width .5 mm.; elongate, pale golden brown
with dark chestnut-brown markings on the head and thorax, and paler brown marginal
border on the abdomen.

Head, length .36 mm.; width .4 mm.; front flatly rounding with a slight median
angulation, palpi and antennae barely projecting beyond the head ; one short hair
each side of the median line, one long stiff hair and one stiff bristle each side of the
front (not like tintiduin \ on the rounding anterior angle, a single stiff hair just back
of a slight lateral depression and one very long and three shorter hairs and two short
prickles on the lateral margin just in front of the ocular depression ; eye with a slight
but distinct emargination ; ocular fringe distinct ; temples broad with flatly convex
lateral margins with a few white hairs, and three longer hairs ; occipital margin
broadly concave with four hairs pale golden brown with small dark brown ocular
blotches and black ocular flecks ; pale brown clypeal blotches ; dark brown of man-
dibles .showing through the head ; temples without marginal markings.

Prothorax with a short .spine and long stiff hair in the sharp lateral angles, one
long hair on lateral margin ; series of hairs on the narrowly rounded posterior margin ;
ground color darker brown than head or abdomen and sternal markings showing
through. Metathorax with rounding angles, sides slightly diverging and showing a
slight emargination where the mesothorax and metathorax have fused ; a hair and a
stiff bristle and one prickle in the posterior angle; ground color golden brown,
anterior angles bordered with dark brown, lateral margins bordered narrowly with
brown ; this band leaves the margin and cuts off the posterior angles. Legs the paler
brown of body ; femora thickened and many stiff hairs.

Abdomen elongate oval; posterior angles of segments not projecting; a few
short hairs on the lateral margin growing longer on the segments 6 and 8 ; numer-
ous non-pustulated hairs scattered irregularly over the dorsal surface, last segment
slightly convex with a series of short hairs along the posterior margin, two rather long
hairs on the lateral margin and one very long hair each side of the median line ;
body color pale fuscous, and uncolored longitudinal line running parallel with the
lateral margins on segments 1-8 ; outside of the line on each segment a dark fus-
cous blotch showing darker triangular transverse blotches on segments 1-7 ; last seg-
ment uncolored with pale transverse blotches fading inwardly.

Specimens from Hetcractites incauits (Hilo, Hawaii Islands). This
species resembles tiiniduin closely except in size and a few minor
details.
Colpocephalum epiphanes, sp. nov. (Plate XIV, Fig. 2.)

Fe»ia/e : Body, length 2 mm. ; width .63 mm. ; long and slender, dark fuscous
brown.

Head, length .36 mm. ; width .5 mm. ; front flatly rounded ; six hairs on the
front ; sides of front slightly diverging with seven marginal hairs, the four just in
front of the ocular emargination strong and stiff ; ocular emargination deep and narrow
with a prominent ocular fringe ; eye large with distinct emargination and black ocular
fleck; antennae projecting .slightly beyond the margin of the head ; temples widely
projecting, narrowing rapidly posteriorly ; three very long hairs, a few shorter hairs

162 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

and several bristles on the rounding temporal margins ; occipital margin broadly con-
cave, bare ; pale fuscous with dark brown clypeal blotches barely separated from the
dark ocular blotches ; temples narrowly bordered with dark brown deepening to black
on the broad occipital band, fading anteriorly to meet the ocular blotches, mandibles
dark, showing through the head.

Prothorax narrow, short, a spine and long hair in each obtuse lateral angle ; one
long hair on the lateral margin and a third long hair in the latero-posterior angles ;
posterior margin broadly convex ; color dark fuscous with narrow lateral line of
dark brown. Latero-posterior angles with dark brown blotch ; two small dark
triangular dorsal blotches each side of the median line (sternal markings). Metatho-
rax bell-shaped, a few prickles on the lateral margins ; posterior angle with four short
spines and two long stiff hairs ; color dark fuscous deepening in the posterior angles ;
a distinct pale suture between the meso- and raelathorax with a slight lateral angular
emargination and an uncolored median line across the mesothorax. Sternal marking
consisting of distinct shield-shaped blotch of clear brown, the lateral angles being
dark brown on the prothorax ; a broad metathoracic blotch with dark intercoxal bor-
ders. I-egs long, fore femora greatly thickened, some stiff hairs; concolorous with
head, narrow dark marginal markings.

Abdomen elongate oval with a series of short prickles along the lateral margins
of the segments ; after segment 5 one or two hairs in the posterior angles of segments,
these angles not extending enough to break the regular elliptical margin of the abdo-
men ; color dark fuscous with black lateral border, broader on the first segments of
abdomen, diminishing to a narrow line on the anterior half of the last segment ; a pale
longitudinal line running parallel with the lateral margin ; each segment with a broad
median transverse band separated by a pale line from the other segments ; dorsal sur-
face thickly scattered with short hairs ; last segment narrowly rounding with long
hairs on the lateral margin and fringe of fine short hairs along the posterior margin ; a
pale uncolored line on the posterior margin with large pustulations in the anterior ends
of clear region.

Three females taken from A nous stolidus. (Kahului, Maui Island.)
Colpocephalum brachysomum, sp. nov. (Plate XIV, Fig. 3.)

Female : Body, length 1.33 mm.; width .7 mm.; short, broad, pale fulvous with
dark brown to black markings on head.

Head, length .36 mm.; width .6 mm.; front flatly rounding, a short weak hair
each side of the median line, a second weak hair on the lateral margin of the front ;
two long and two short hairs on the lateral angle in front of the ocular emargination .
antennae projecting beyond the margin by its last segment ; eye large, distinctly
divided, the larger anterior portion filling the angle of the ocular emargination, while
the posterior portion lies apparently on a ridge which extends across the temples, a
distinct black fleck in the larger portion of the eye; few stiff hairs in the ocular fringe,
growing more irregular in length on the anterior portion of the prominent, rounding
temples, one of these hairs very long, a few shorter hairs on the posterior margin ; oc-
cipital margin weakly concave, with a long hair and short spine each side of the
median line ; color pale yellowish-brown ; large ocular dark chestnut-brown blotches
extending laterally by the black ocular fleck ; dark brown clypeal blotches extending
inwardly to the dark mandibles ; occipital band distinct, widening into deep ruddy
brown angular occipital blotches, which fade anteriorly.

Sept.,i902.] Kellogg & Chapman ; Mallophaoa of Hawaii. 163

Prothorax broad anteriorly, angles with one long hair and a short spine ; a short
spine and one long hair on the broadly rounding lateral margin ; color yellow brown
with no distinct markings. Metathorax narrow with abruptly diverging sides ; a
series of short stiff spines along the lateral margin. A number of long hairs in the
rounding posterior angles ; posterior margin straight with a series of long hairs ; pale
brown with darker brown angular lateral blotches. Legs robust, pale brown with
darker marginal bands ; a number of short stiff hairs on the outer margin of the tibia.

Abdomen broadly elliptical, the lateral margins broken by slightly projecting
posterior angles of the segments ; many long and short stiff hairs along the lateral
margins and a series of stiff hairs along the posterior margins of each segment, the
hairs longer on the posterior segments ; ground color pale yellow brown, growing
paler posteriorly ; darker brown lateral bands on all segments save the last, these
lateral bands interrupted interiorly by a pale line parallel with the lateral margins,
last segment broadly rounded, pale yellow to uncolored posterior margin ; a few long
weak hairs on the margin and a series of short weak submarginal hairs.

Specimens from Asio accipitirinus (lao Valley, Maui Island), and
from Caradriiis dominicus fulvus (Kahului, Maui Island).
Colpocephalum conspicuum, sp. nov. (Plate XIV, Fig. 4).

Female : Body, length 1. 28 mm.; width .55 mm. ; weakly colored, pale fuscous
with conspicuous dark golden brown markings on the head, thorax and abdomen.

Head, length .25 mm.; width .4 mm. ; front with slight median angle, one short
weak hair each side of the front ; a slight angle in front of the palpi ; two long stiff
hairs on the slight elevation in front of the ocular emargination, three stiff hairs from
the ventral surface extending beyond the margin ; eye large, slightly flattened with a
black ocular blotch ; ocular fringe distinct with few stiff hairs ; temples broad with
flatly convex lateral margins bearing several hairs of various lengths, two being pus-
tulated ; occipital margins broadly concave with one long hair, one short hair and one
prickle each side of the median line, ground color pale fuscous with narrow dark brown
ocular border, meeting the paler clypeal blotches ; mandibles dark brown ; a pale
brown rectangular signature showing through the head.

Prothorax ; anterior margin broadly convex ; antero-lateral angles obtuse, a
strong angle on the lateral margin with one strong hair ; three long hairs on each
lateral half of the rounded posterior margin ; ground color darker fuscous than head,
dark brown sternal markings showing through. Metathorax pentagonal, the meso-
thorax and metathorax distinctly separated ; sides of the metathorax diverging, one
long hair and three spines in the posterior angle, posterior margin with a series of
long hairs ; color dark fuscous on the prothorax, darker on the mesothorax dark
chitinous band of coxre showing through as a marginal border of the anterior angles ;
sternal markings dark intercoxal, lines consisting of a distinct wedge-shaped marking
on the presternum pale fuscous bordered posteriorly with a narrow dark band, and an
indefinite blotch on the metasternum tapering to a dark acute posterior angle. Legs
concolorous with the body with small brown markings.

Abdomen elongate, elliptical, broadest on segment 5 ; posterior angles of seg-
ments slightly extending each with one long hair and a spine in the angle ; a series
of irregular hairs on the posterior margin of segments, growing thinner medially ; last
segment abruptly narrower than segment 8, posterior margin rounding with a fringe

Ifi4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

of fine uncolored hairs; pale fuscous with distinctly darker lateral bands darker on the
posterior and inner margin ; a slight suggestion of transverse bands on segments 3-6.
Male: Body, length 1.13 mm.; width, .41 mm.; darker coloring of abdomen,
more dorsal and ventral hairs, segment 8 longer than segments 3-7 ; a distinct uncol-
ored line in the posterior margin of segment 7 ; genitalia strongly chitinized, con-
spicuous, extending through segments 2-9 ; last segment rounding with two long
hairs and several short hairs on the margin.

Many specimens from Carpodacits luexicaniis obscunis (Kahului
and Pau (?) Olai, Maui Island).

Colpocephalum discrepan.s, sp. nov. (Plate XV, Fig. i.)

Fdnialc : Body, length 1. 21 mm.; width .68 mm.; golden brown with dark
chestnut ocular blotches, occipital bands and darker lateral bands on the abdomen ;
unusually short and rounded for a Colpocephalum.

Head, length .38 mm.; width .58 mm.; front flatly rounded, with a short hair
each side of the median line ; a few on the margin in front of the antenna; which
extend beyond the head by the full length of the last segment ; one very long hair
and two shorter ones in front of the ocular emargination ; emargination deep and
acutely angular ; eye large, nearly divided with a conspicuous black fleck in the
larger anterior part ; ocular fringe distinct and with few graduated hairs ; temples
gradually widening to the rounding posterior angles ; many hairs of irregular length
on the anterior half of the temples ; two very long and a tew short hairs and spines
in the posterior angle ; occipital margin concave with a long hair and a short spine
each side of the median line ; color of the head golden brown, with large ocular
blotches and triangular occipital blotches of dark blackish i)rown connected by a band
of paler brown ; an even band of dark brown connects the triangular occipital blotches ;
a dark brown blotch each side of the clypeus in front of the antenna^ connected with
the dark mandibles and the ocular blotches by a pale brown blotch.

Prothorax short and strong, anterior angles wUh a long hair and short spine in
the angle ; pustulated hairs along the rounding lateral posterior margin ; same golden
brown color as head, transverse chitin band distinct with a short dorsal hair at the
outer ends of bar ; dark chitin bars extending back from the anterior margin across
the prothorax. Metathorax short, appearing like the first segment of the abdomen ;
sides rapidly diverging ; two short spines and a long hair in the posterior angles ; a
series of strong pustulated hairs along the straight posterior margin; median portion
of the segment golden brown, the posterior angles with a broad triangular band of
darker brown. Legs pale golden brown with darker blotches at the joints and a nar-
row marginal band of dark brown.

Abdomen broadly ovate, short hairs and spines on the lateral margins and a long
hair in the posterior angle of each segment ; a series of long pustulated hairs along the
posterior margin of the segments ; last segment broad, rounded with a few strong
hairs in the margin. Color dark golden brown with darker brown lateral blotches.

Male: Body, length I mm. ; width .1 mm.; head length .33 mm. ; width .55
mm.; shorter than the female ; abdomen with segments 5-7 narrowed distinctly in the
middle ; genitalia extending forward to segment i (seeming even to go into the
metathorax ) .

Sept.,i902.] Kellogg & Chapman : Mallophaga OF Hawaii. 165

A single specimen from Carpodacics mexicanus ohscurus and
from Anous stolidus (Kahului, Maui Island).
Menopon hawaiiensis, sp. nov. (Plate XV, Fig. 2.)

Female: Body, length i mm. ; width .6 mm.; being thus unusually broad and
short for the Menopon type ; fuscous, translucent, with no well defined markings ex-
cept the black ocular flecks and the intercoxal lines which show through the body.

Head, length .21 mm.; width .51 mm.; broad and short; a slight angulation in
front, on each side of which a very short hair and one longer hair ; palpi with a long
terminal segment extending slightly beyond the rounding front ; two long strong hairs
and two shorter weaker hairs on the rounding angle in front of the ocular emargma-
tion ; the emargination is slight but distinct ; eye large, nearly divided by a large ocu-
lar fleck ; ocular fringe with few spines ; temples projecting narrowly, with four
hairs on the rounding margin, two of which are very long, a few short prickles and a
few shorter hairs arising on the dorsal surface ; occipital margin broadly concave, a
long hair on each side of the median line ; color of head pale fuscous, a darker band
across the front deepening where the palpi and mandibles show through the head,
ocular band darkening anteriorly ; occipital margin narrowly bordered with pale
brown • on the under side of the head there are two strongly chitinized backward-
projecting, pointed processes, arising from the labium and these show through the
head given the impression of dark occipital bands.

Prothorax short, with a very long hair and two prickles in the obtuse anterior
angle, a series of four long pustulated hairs and four prickles on each side of the
rounding lateral and posterior margin ; the transverse chitin bar distinctly pale brown,
intercoxal lines showing through distinctly. Mesothorax narrow with posterior angles
sharp, with a long hair and two spines in the angle, chitinous bars extending longi-
tudinally from the anterior angles across the segment. Metathorax narrow, appearing
like the first abdominal segment, a dark chitinous bar extending from the anterior
lateral margin of the mesothorax back across the metathorax cutting off" the posterior
angles ; a series of short hairs along the posterior margin ; sternal markings consisting
of small triangular median blotch with narrow chitinous bars arising laterally and ex-
tending forward and outward to the anterior angles of the prothorax ; dark curving
intercoxal bands on the mesothorax ; legs translucent, fuscous with distinct brown

margins. . .

Abdomen broadly ovate, posterior angles obtuse and slightly projecting with a
short spine and from one to two long hairs in the angle ; a series of hairs along the
posterior margin of each segment; entire abdomen a darker fuscous than the head or
thorax, a narrow transverse band of darker brown across each segment ; last segment
broadly rounded with a series of hairs along the posterior margin.

One female from Chlorodrepanis virens (lao Valley, Maui Island).
\ Menopon cyrtostigmum, sp. nov. (Plate XV, Fig. 3.)

*■ Male : Body, length I mm. ; width .46 mm.; short, broad ; golden brown darker

on abdomen, black brown ocular bands with many stiff spines on body.

Head length .26 mm.; width .4 mm.; front broadly and evenly rounding with
two short hairs near the median line, a weak hair in front of the slightly projecting
palpi ; one short hair at the suture ; two long and one shorter pustulated hairs in front

166 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

of the distinct ocular emargination ; eye inconspicuous but with a distinct black fleck ;
ocular fringe distinct, composed of stiff curving hairs which extend slightly on the ■
temporal margin ; temples rounding, narrowing posteriorly with five long pustulated
hairs and two short spines on the margin ; occipital margin broadly concave with one
short hair near the outer angle ; color of the head pale fuscous with narrow dark
chestnut-brown ocular blotches and black ocular flecks : dark markings on front of
head showing through from palpi and mandibles ; occipital margin with narrow band
of dark chestnut-brown, darkening slightly at the occipital blotches.

Prothorax short, anterior angles projecting but little with a long hair and two
short prickles in each ; a series of six hairs on the broadly rounding posterior margin ;
color darker brown than the head, wedge-shaped blotch and dark intercoxal bars
showing through distinctly from the sternum. Mesothorax distinctly separate from
the metathorax by a series of short spines. Metathorax long, little broader than the
prothorax ; side slightly divergent with one short spine on the lateral margin ; three
short spines and one long hair in each posterior angle ; a series of weak hairs on the
posterior margin ; color chestnut-brown, lighter than the prothorax, darker in the
anterior angles and a narrow band along the lateral margins, legs robust, of the palest
fuscous color of the head, with darker band and semi-annular rings; many short stiff
hairs on the front of the femora and tibia.

Abdomen broadly elliptical ; small as compared with the large head and thorax ;
a few short stiff spines in the posterior angle of the segments with a long hair in
angles of segments 2-8. A series of long stiff hairs on the posterior margin of each
segment ; each segment with a pale transverse band, darkening on the posterior
margin and the lateral margin interrupted by a narrow uncolored submarginal band
parallel with the lateral margins of the abdomen ; last segment broadly rounding,
without dark markings, with two long hairs and a short spine on the lateral margin ;
genitalia dark brown, extending forward into segment 5 and showing through the
body distinctly.

Female : Body, length 1. 16 mm.; width .26 mm.; head, length .t^t, mm.; width
.38 mm.; much paler in color than male, only .showing dark markings on the head.

Specimens from Vcstiarea coccirica, Himatione sanguinea (Hilo,
Hawaii Islands) and Chlorodrepa)iis virens (lao Valley, Maui Island).
Menopon hilensis, sp. nov. (Plate XV, Fig. 4.)

Female: Body, length .91 mm.; width .48 mm.; short broad, pale fuscous
without well-defined markings.

Head, length .21 mm.; width .4 mm.; front broadly rounding with two short
hairs each side of the front ; one very long and one shorter hair in front of the ocular
emargination ; ocular emargination distinct but shallow ; eye large quite filling the
angle, distinctly cleft with a large ocular fleck and two stiff prickles, protruding
with one very long hair and two shorter hairs, several spines and prickles on the
rounding margin ; one long and two short spines on the dorsal surface each side
of occipital margin, which is slightly concave with a spine and one long hair each end
side of the median line ; a second long hair on the outer angle of the occipital margin
and the temple ; color of head pale fuscous, narrow dark band on the front broaden-
ing into a blotch each side of the clypeus ; with dark black-brown ocular bands, and
narrow triangular occipital blotches meeting in the median line and extending along
the posterior margin of the temples.

Sept., I902.1 Kellogg & Chapman : Mallophaga of Hawaii. 167

Prothorax wide, anteiior angles round with a short spine ; six long pustulated
hairs and a spine on the rounding lateral posterior margin ; a dorsal prickle at each end
of the distinct transverse chitin bar ; color fuscous. Metathorax with slightly diverg-
ing sides with three strong marginal spines, two long hairs and prickles in the pos-
terior angles ; a series of weak hairs and one spine along the posterior margin ; color
dull fuscous. Legs concolorous with the body, with darker marginal markings.

Abdomen broadly ovate, with a long hair, a shorter hair and a prickle in the
posterior angle of the segments ; a series of weak hairs along the posterior margin ;
last segment narrow, with a series of hairs on the posterior margin which has a slight
median angulation ; color fuscous, slightly darker on the posterior margin of the seg-
ment, a pale band on the posterior margin of segment 6, segment 7 deeper fuscous
than other segments.

One specimen from Vestiaria coccinea (Hilo, Hawaii Islands).
Menopon invadens, sp. nov. (Plate XV, Fig. 5.)

Female : Body, length 1. 75 mm.; width .66 mm.; pale, clear, yellowish-brown,
slightly darker thorax, indistinct lateral bands on the abdomen.

Head, length .35 mm.; width .53 mm.; front flatly convex, with two short stift
hairs at the median line ; one long and one shorter marginal hairs on the angle in
front of the antennas ; two long and two shorter hairs on the distinct swelling in
front of the ocular emargination ; eye large, distinctly emarginate with a large black
ocular fleck ; a long stiff hair on the dorsal surface near the margin ; ocular fringe
distinct, composed of a few stiff curving hairs ; temples rounding narrowly but without
angles ; three very long pustulated hairs, two shorter hairs and a few short prickles
on the margin ; two long pustulated hairs on the occipital margin ; ground color
clear yellowish-brown with darker brown blotches at base of the antennae ; dark brown
mandibles shining through the head ; a narrow dark brown ocular band, widening
anteriorly, and a narrow occipital band of dark brown.

Prothorax short ; anterior angles with two spines and one long hair ; posterior
margin broadly rounding with two long hairs near the lateral margin and two long
hairs each side of the median line ; whole segment darker brown than the head,
with a distinct transverse chitin bar. Metathorax and mesothorax long, being sep-
arated bj' a distinct suture, mesothorax distinctly darker brown than the metathorax,
lateral margins diverging with few short spines and one long hair in its posterior
angles ; posterior margin straight with four long marginal hairs ; dark intercoxal
chitin bar showing through. Legs large, weakly colored, translucent dorsal mar-
ginal bands on femora and tibiae ; anterior coxae with bluntly triangular black
blotches ; many short spines and a few long hairs.

Abdomen elongate, elliptical ; a series of short stiff" spines and one to two long
weak hairs in the lateral angles and a series of long hairs on the posterior margins of
each segment ; segments 7 and 8 with two long hairs in the posterior angles ; last seg-
ment with two long hairs each side of the posterior margin, ground color pale, clear
yellowish-brown ; indistinct lateral band growing darker from segment 2 to segment
7 ; narrow, pale brown transverse bands ; many scattered hairs on the ventral surface
and groups of strong spines, besides the series of stiff spines near the lateral angles.

Specimens from Acridotheres tristis (Lahaina, Maui Island and
Kahului, Maui, Island), and TiirtiiJ' chinensis (Kahului, Maui Island).

168 Journal New York Entomological Society. |Voi. x.

List of Hosts, with Parasites.
Angus stolidus.

Nirnius glo7-io$us entarginahts Kellogg & CHAPMAN.
Colpocephalum epiphanes Kellogg & Chapman.
Colpocephaluin discrepans Kellogg & Chapman.

FULICA ALAI.

Nirnnis orarius ha-<c'aiieiisis KeLLOGG & CHAPMAN.

Oncopliorits aJvena Kellogg.
Heteractitis incanus.

Docoplioms fidiginosiis haxoaiiensis Kellogg iS; Chapman.

Oncophorits ach'enn Kellogg.

Colpoceplialiim kilauciisis Kellogc; & Chapman.
Charadrujs dominicus fulvus.

Dacopliorus fiiliginosus hawaiiensis Kellogg & Chapman.

Nu'nius orarius hawaiiensis Kellogg & Chapman.

Colpocephahim brachysomuni Kellogg & Chapman.

TURTUR CHINENSIS.

Goniocotes chinensis Kellogg & Chapman.
Menopoti invadens Kellogg & Chapman.

ASIO ACCIPITIRINUS.

Colpocephahit7i bracliysoiiiuin Kellogg & Chapman.

ACRIDGTHERES TRISTIS.

Nirmtis minhacnsis Kellogg & Chapman.

Lipeurus docophoroides ?ninhaensis Kellogg & Chap.m.aN.

Menopon invadens Kellogg & Chapman.
Carpodacus mexicanus obscurus.

Docophorus communis NiTZSCH.

Colpocephaht7n discrepans Kellogg & Chapman.

Colpoccp/ia/um conspicuiirn Kellogg & Chapman.
Munia nisoria.

Docophorus communis NiTZSCH.

Nirmus sienozoniis Kellogg & Chapman.
Vestiaria coccinea.

Nirmus stenozottus Kellogg & Ch.a.pman.

Nirmus diaprepes Kellogg & Ch-A-PMAN.

Oncophorus advena Kellogg.

Menopon cyrtostigmum Kellogg & Chapman.

Menopon hihnisis Kellogg & Chapman.
Himatione sanguinea.

Menopon cyrtostigmum Kellogg & Chapman.
Chlorodrepanis virens.

Docophorus macgregori Kellogg & Ch.\pman.

Menopon cyrtostigmum Kellogg & Chapman.

Menopon hawaiiensis Kellogg & Chapman.

Sept., I902.] Kellogg & Chapman : Mallophaga of Hawaii. 169

Explanation of Plate XIII.
Fig. I. Docophoriis niacgregori Kellogg & Chapmax, female.
Fig. 2. Nirnius minhaensis Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 3. Nirrnus stenozonus Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 4. Nirrnus diaprepes Kellogg & Chapman, male.
Fig. 5. Goniocotes cJiinensis Kellogg & Chapman, female.

Explanation of Plate XIV.
Fig. I. ColpoaphahiDi kilaiiensis Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 2. Colpocephaluni epiphanes Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 3. Colpocephahim brachysomum Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 4. Colpocephalum conspicuum Kellogg & Chapman, male.

Explanation of Plate XV.
Fig. I . Colpocephalum discrepans Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 2. Menopon hawaiiensis Kellogg and Chapman, female.
Fig. 3. Menopon cyrtostigmum Kellogg & Chapman, male.
Fig. 4. Menopon hilensis Kellogg & Chapman, female.
Fig. 5. Menopon invadens Kellogg & Chapman, female.

NOTE ON A NOCTUID LARVA.

By D. W. Coquillett.

Cosmia punctirena Smith.

Body green, a whitish dorsal, subdorsal and less distinct infrastig-
matal line ; piliferous spots and spiracles white, the latter ringed with
black ; venter and legs green ; head yellowish-green ; length 27 mm.

Found April 7, 1892, near Santa Barbara, Cal., between two or
more leaves fastened together with silken threads on Populus tricho-
carpa. Pupated April 15 and the moth issued May 12.

170 Journal New York Entomological Sociely. [VoI. x.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of February 4, 1902.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. F.
Groth in the chair with nine members and two visitors in attendance.

The minutes of the two previous meetings were read and approved.

Mr. Schaeffer in behalf of the committee presented the following resolu-
tions on the death of our member Mr. Ottomar Dietz :

" Whereas the New York Entomological Society has learned with deep
sorrow of the sudden death of its member, Mr. Ottomar Dietz, therefore
be it

" Resolved that by his untimely and sudden departure this society records
with the deepest regret the loss of one of its most enthusiastic and estimable
members.

" Resolved that we sincerely mourn for the bright and genial companion
and we wish to express our earnest tribute to a man who possessed the most
honorable qualities of manhood.

" Resolved that the members of this society tender to the family of its
late member their expression of sympathy in their grief, and express the hope
that the inspiring memorial of his many virtues will afford consolation for
their loss.

" Resolved that these resolutions be entered on our minutes, published
in the Journal of the Society and the secretary be instructed to forward a copy
of these resolutions to the family of the deceased."

Upon motion the resolutions were adopted.

Mr. Roy S. Richardson was elected an active member of the society.

Mr. Joutel exhibited specimens of all the described species and varieties
of Saperdas, including Saperda hornii described in the February number of
the Entomological News, and gave an account of the food-habits of all the
described species. He also had some striking varieties of Saperda lateralis
and mentioned the fact that they were in m.any collections confounded with
Saperda tridentata. He stated that Dr. E. P. Felt and himself were working
up the genus and had one and perhaps two new species to describe. The
paper will be illustrated with six or more colored plates.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a species of Cassida taken in Suffern, N. J., by
Dr. Love, and which he thinks will prove to be new. He said that it was
very distinct from any of our species and only comparable with the European
Cassida nebulosa which it resembles very much, but from which it dift'ers in
being smaller, entirely smooth thorax with only a few shallow punctures at
base and having the seventh and eighth joint of the antenna; comparatively
shorter. He further remarked that he has not seen Cassida thoracica, but
the description of that species as given by Crotch does not agree with the
insect, and he hopes to get a few specimens of C. thoracica to settle the
matter finally.

Sept., 1902.] Proceedings of the Society. 171

Dr. Love exhibited a specimen of Dicalus splendens captured in Texas,
showing a very much deformed posterior tarsus. Also a box containing an
interesting lot of Mutillidae, consisting of twelve species, recently received
from Dr. Kunze in Arizona.

Mr. Beutenmiiller exhibited a box of Lepidoptera recently received from
Mr. Polling. Among the material was a type specimen of Megathyinus nrsus
from Arizona.

Meeting of February i8, 1902.

Held at the residence of Mr. Herman Hug, 319 Hudson St., Hoboken,
N. J. President C. F. Groth presiding, with eight members present.

In the absence of the Secretary, Mr. Weeks was appointed Secretary
pro tern.

On motion the reading of the minutes of the last meeting was dispensed
with.

Mr. Beutenmiiller, of the Auditing Committee, reported progress.

Dr. Lagai, through Mr. Schaeffer, proposed as an active member Mr.
E. R. Pearlle Janvin, also Mr. Charles H. Sunderland, of Rutherford, N. J.

Mr. Beutenmiiller proposed as members Mr. Herman Erb, of 222 E. 13th
St., and Mr. Erich Lehsten, of 161 Washington St.

Mr. Barber, through Mr. Joutel, proposed the name of Prof. W. G.
Johnson.

The death, on the 15th inst., of Mr. John Akhurst, of 78 Ashland Place,
Brooklyn, a member of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, of the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences, the Smithsonian Institution and the Long
Island Historical Society, and well known as an entomologist and taxider-
mist, having been announced, and due tribute to his knowledge and skill as
a taxidermist and entomologist, as well as to his many kindly qualities of
mind and heart having been given, the Secretary was directed to place upon
the records of the society a minute of sincere regret of the members at his
departure, as a token of their respect and consideration for his memory.

Mr. Beutenmiiller having suggested the propriety of again holding an
annual dinner, on motion of Dr. Love, Messrs. Palm and Beutenmiiller were
appointed a committee to confer as to the same and report thereon as
speedily as convenient. On motion the meeting adjourned to inspect the
excellent collection of Lepidoptera of Mr. Hug, among which was a fine
specimen of Pieris virginiensis taken by himself on May 9, 1896, in Sullivan
Co., N. Y.

Meeting of March 4, 1902.

A regular meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural His-
tory. President C. F. Groth in the chair, fifteen members and one cor-
responding member present.

Mr. Watson, of the Field Committee, reported on a plan for the coming
season and recommended that the outing program of last season be followed
this year. On motion of Mr. Palm, Mr. Watson's recommendation was
adopted.

On account of business pressure Mr. Watson resigned from the Field
Committee. The resignation was accepted with regret.

172 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

The following active members proposed at the last regular meeting were
elected : Mr. Herman Erb, Mr. E. R. Janvrin, Prof. W. G. Johnson, Mr.
Erich Lehsten, and Mr. Charles H. Sunderland.

On motion of Mr. Barber the society extended a vote of thanks to Mr.
Hug for the kindness of his hospitality on the evening of February i8.

On motion of Mr. Joutel the society voted to extend appreciative recog-
nition to Mr. W. Knaus for his donation of insects for the auction sale of
the society.

Dr. Van Dyke was then called upon for a talk. His subject was " Notes
upon the Buprestidae of California." He first mentioned the fact that all
of the species of this family found within the limits of the State might easily
be placed in one of two great groups ; the first, to include those which were
northern in origin and are dependent upon coniferous and deciduous trees,
which for the most part are to be found only in the mountainous regions ;
and those which acknowledge the Sonoran regions as their home and are in
consequence almost entirely confined to those sections where the fauna derived
from this region is most in evidence. To the first belong such genera as
Chalcophora, Dicerca, Trachykele, Poccilonota, Buprestis, Mclanopliila, An-
thaxia, about half of the Chrysobothris, Chrysophana and part of Agrilus.
To the second belong such genera as Gyascutus, Hippomelas, half of Chryso-
bothris, Actenodcs, Glyptoscclimorpha, Dystaxia, Schisopus, Polyccsta. Acincc-
odera, Ptosima and part of Agrilus.

He then took up the family, going over it genera by genera and giving
comments and field experiences as he went along. Among other things
he mentioned his belief that Buprestis coiisularis, nuttalli, Iccviventris,
snboruata and rusticoruin were all varieties of one species, and that the
variety of Buprestis gibbsii with confluent marking was not only more com-
mon than the true form, but was more southern in distribution, probably
had different food-habits and was in several other ways quite distinct from
the other. As showing how numerous certain species were at certain times
and places, he cited some of his collecting experiences. One June, while in
Shasta Co., he collected great numbers of Dicerca hornii, Poccilonota ferrea
and Buprestis fasciafa, and its variety langii. simply by getting out early in
the morning while the air was still crisp. The first two species he picked
off of young alder trunks, the others off of the bright green poplar leaves.
On another June vacation he took in Mendocino Co., within three days' time,
many hundreds of Melanophila drummondi and its immaculate variety, simply
by picking them off of the tents whither they had been attracted by the glare
and some few boughs. They were scarce both before and after this period.
On a fallen spruce trunk, on the sides of Mt. Wilson, in southern Cali-
fornia, he took in a half hour's time about thirty specimens of Dicerca
calif ornica and about a dozen Melanophila drummondi, both rare in that
section : and on the same day, by sweeping the flowers and the sides of the
brush along the trail, he took eight species and a good deal over a hundred
specimens of Acmccodera, within an hour's time. On another occasion, the
3d of July, while out collecting at Banning with Mr. Coquillett, there were

Sept., I902.] Proceedings of the Society. 173

taken one specimen of Hippomelas californicns, a number of specimens of
Gyascutus obliteratus, forty or fifty Acmceodera gibbula, one or two Chryso-
bothris malt, many Chrysobothris debilis, and several hundred Chrysobothris
merkeli, the first on the wing, the second in flowers of mesquite and all of
the rest by beating dead trees of the latter.

The doctor then gave a list of all the species found in the state of
California.

The next paper was by Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno, " Notes on a Mole-
cricket from Porto Rico." He exhibited epecimens of the mole crickets sent to
him by a correspondent in Porto Rico, who wrote as follows : " There is here-
about a worm whose technical name I do not know, called popularly ' changa.'
It is a kind of winged and jumping cricket. As a general rule it lives below
the surface and comes up only at times of great drouths. It feeds on the roots
of plants, among them the sugar cane. But the unfortunate part is that the
cane whose roots have been attacked by the insect loses its beautiful green
and becomes a pale yellow. It also loses its sap to such a degree that it is
given up, as it yields no juice when crushed. The cane is then said to be
sick. This insect was unknown here twenty-five or thirty years ago, and it
made its first appearance on lands fertilized with guano from Peru and it
shortly took possession of such lands as had not been fertilized with guano.
In the dry season the country people had the habit of making fires to burn
the grass, and to these the crickets come by thousands."

Mr. Bueno sent some of his specimens to Dr. Howard and they were
identified by Mr. Caudell as Scapteriscus didactylus. Mr. Caudell gave it
as his opinion that they originated in Cuba.

Mr. Bueno said that he was inclined to believe that Mr. Caudell was
right in ascribing its home as Cuba, as the Chincha Islands, from which Peru-
vian guano originally came, are barren rocks in the ocean, covered with the
excreta of birds and absolutely devoid of vegetation. And as this insect is
naturally a vegetable feeder it seems reasonable to suppose that it did not
originate there. Moreover, the insect is popularly known in Porto Rico as
" Cubano " or Cuban.

Discussed by Mr. Davis, who also exhibited a specimen from Porto
Rico.

Mr. Zabriskie then spoke on " Some Species of Native Ear-wigs and Eggs
of the American Katydid {Microcentrum lanri folium)." He showed a collec-
tion of three of our species and made a few remarks on the habits and habitat
of the forms shown. Most of them were collected on Sheffield Island, off
the shore of Connecticut. Mr. Zabriskie stated that he believed ear-wigs
were much commoner in the South and on the Pacific Coast than in the
Eastern United States, where there were but some seven or eight species.

Dr. Van Dyke, in discussing the paper, said that he had not found ear-
wigs at all common in California, with the possible exception of a single
species which was common in southern California.

Mr. Joutel stated that he had found one large ear-wig, A. maritima, very
common along the East River, under rubbish.*

* Also found along the Hudson River. W. B.

174 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

Mr. Schaeffer said that, on one occasion, he had found Labia iiiiiior very
common at Mosholu.

Mr. Zabriskie also showed some specimens of the katydid {Microcentrum
laurifoliuin) with egg clusters of the species and explained the manner in
which they were deposited. He also stated that some twenty-five years ago
the real katydid (Cyrtophyllus concavus) was very common in his neighbor-
hood, but in recent years he had not seen or heard a single one.

Mr. Davis showed some immature walking-sticks which he had reared
from eggs collected in Ansonia, Conn. The antics of the tiny animals as
they tried to walk was an interesting sight.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of March i8, 1902.

Held at the residence of Mr. Gustave Beyer, 511 East 117th St. Presi-
dent Groth presided, eleven members and two visitors present.

Mr. Charles W. Leng, of 4 Fletcher St., N. Y., was proposed as an active
member by Mr. Davis.

Mr. Beutenmiiller, chairman of the Committee on the Annual Dinner,
reported and considerable discussion followed.

Dr. Love moved that a canvass of the members present be taken, and if
fifteen should indicate their desire to take tickets at $1 a plate, the committee
should arrange for the dinner before April 15. Carried.

A canvass resulting in the desired numljer, the committee were authorized
to proceed with the arrangements.

Dr. Love moved that the committee be empowered to invite five guests
at the expense of the society. Carried.

Mr. Joutel moved that, if the committee could make the necessary arrange-
ments in time, the dinner should occur on April i, the date of the next regular
society meeting. Carried.

Society adjourned.

Annual Dinner, April i, 1902.

The society held its regular annual dinner at the Hotel Endicott, corner of
82d St. and Columbus Ave. The following guests and members were present :
as guests Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke, Dr. Henry Skinner, Dr. W. J. Holland, Dr.
E. P. Felt, Professor John B. Smith, Mr. E. B. Southwick, Mr. Ernest J.
Munch, Mr. Chris. H. Roberts, Mr. J. D. Sherman, Mr E. L. Graef and G.
Englehardt, and members Messrs. Groth, Kearfott, Palm, Fillion, Riederer,
Davis, Ditmars, Watson, Bremser, Kudlich, Leng, Joutel, Barber, Schaeffer,
Beyer, Love, Sunderland, Green, Johnson, ^^'eeks, Ottolengui and Beutenmiiller.
Meeting of April 15, 1902.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Groth in
the chair with fourteen members and one visitor present.

A written report by Mr. Beutenmiiller, of the Dinner Committee, was
read and approved.

Mr. Chas. W. Leng was elected an active member of the society.

Mr. Joutel proposed Mr. E. B. Southwick, of 206 W. 83d St., as ah
active member. Mr. Leng proposed as active members Mr. C. H. Roberts,

Sept., I902.] Proceedings of the Society. 175

of 74 West 119th St., and Mr. John D. Sherman, of 148 East iSth St. Mr.
Beutenmuller proposed the name of Mr. E. L. Graef, of 58 Court St., Brook-
lyn, as an active member of the society.

In view of the resignation of Messrs. Watson and Comstock from the
field committee, the president appointed Mr. Davis and Mr. .Toutcl to act in
that capacity.

Mr. Seifert spoke on the subject of " The Larvs of Heliothis rhexia and
Lygranthcecia rivulosa." He stated that Ambrosia arteinesiafolia is a very
common weed near New York city; according to the nature of the soil, the
branches and leaves of the plant are subject to much variation in color. This
latter may be said also of the more southern Linaria canadensis. Ambrosia
artcmisicufolia is the food-plant of Lygranthcecia rivulosa. The larva feeds
only on the sterile flowers of the long racemes from August to about the
middle of September. The head of the larva is rather prominent, mandibles
well developed, thoracic segments wider than the head, abdominal ones taper-
ing slowly toward the anal end. The larva is not smooth, tubercles black,
conspicuous; sets weak; it adapts itself to all the color shades of the
racemes, from purplish to brown and different shades of green. The cater-
pillar, when resting, often assumes a sphingid-larva-like attitude and singu-
larly most obvious with the green varieties. They have short, oblique, lateral
stripes running from anterior to posterior. The larvae prefer sandy soil, bury-
ing themselves rather deep into the ground, forming a cell to pupate in. The
moth appears in July and August.

The larvae of Heliothis rhexia were found in numbers during April and
May at Island Grove, Florida, feeding on the unripe capsules and the buds
of Linaria canadensis. Females were found depositing eggs at the end of
March and beginning of April, the imagoes being already on the wing the
latter part of May and beginning of June. The larvae also adapt themselves
in regard to color to the slender, variable flowering stems ; the sterile shoots
being procumbent. The variability of the larva extends from green and brown
shades to almost scarlet.

With some of the varieties of both species it is very difficult to distinguish
the larva of both, even the heads of the larvae varying in color with each

species.

The larvre of both these species are day feeders, the L. rivulosa larvae
being much suoject to the attacks of dipterous parasites while the larvae of
H. rhexia are a coveted prey for a large blue-winged Hymenopteron and fierce
Hemiptera, which are fairly swarming within the pinkish fields of Linaria

canadetisis.

Mr. Schaeffer spoke on " A Collection of Coleoptera made Last Year in
Brownsville, Texas, by the late Ottomar Dietz." He said, although Mr. Dietz
did not consider the material quantitatively or qualitatively as good as he
expected, there are among the material quite a number of interesting species,
some of which are entirely new to science, while others are described as only
likely from that locality and others described from Mexico, but new to our
li.st.

17G Journal New York Entomological Society. ivoLX.

A small box of the more interesting forms was exhibited by him, amongst
which were Micraga ccnea, Lebia bitceniata, Cregya probably sp. nov.. Caty-
phus, sp. nov. ?, Tyndaris, sp. nov., Rhcvboscelis, sp. nov., Mastogenius, sp. nov.,
Drapetes niger, described by Dr. Horn in Biol. Cent. Amer., Trichodcsma, sp.
nov. ? Trox, sp. nov., Eburia stigmatica, Tylosis oculata, Tetranodes, sp., Ibidion
townsendi. Ibidion exclamationis, Priocera serrahcollis, Ecyrns fasciatus,
Diabratica pcrcgrina, Polypria crux-nifa, etc.

Mr. Leng showed a new color variety of Cicindela sexguttata which he
said seemed to occur only at high altitudes.

Mr. O'Connor exhibited a number of moths and beetles which he had
collected while on a short visit to Cuba recently.

Adjournment.

JOURNAL

JOpiD JBopk 6lntDraoIogirfll %nM^.

\^ol. X. DECEMBER, 1902. No. 4.

NEW ACALYPTRATE DIPTERA FROM
NORTH AMERICA.

By D. W. Coquillett.

Family Micropezid^.
Micropeza bisetosa, sp. nov.

Black, the lower side of the third antenna] joint, upper part of the face, the cheeks,
mouth parts, lower part of occiput, posterior margin of each abdominal segment,
greater part of male hypopygium, stems of halteres, coxse and bases of femora,
yellow ; mesonotum gray pruinose, marked with four brownish vittse, two posthu-
meral bristles each side ; wings hyaline, unmarked. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat. — Prescott, Arizona (June 6), and Las Vegas Hot
Springs, New Mexico (August 9).

A specimen of each sex collected by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6626, U. S. N. M.

Family Sapromyzid.^.
Sapromyza glauca, sp. nov.

Black, the antennae, a transverse streak above them, the palpi, halteres, abdo-
men except the first segment and spot on each side of the others, the bases and a
broad ring at middle of tibiae, and broad bases of the middle and hind tarsi, yellow ;
head, thorax and .scutellum bluish-gray pruinose, a -black, spot on each side of
antennas, third joint of antennae less than twice as long as wide, arista rather long-
plumose, face slightly concave ; four pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the bristly hairs
between them arranged in four rows, two sternopleural bristles ; wings tinged with
yellow. Length, 3 mm.

Habitat. — Marlboro, Maryland.

A single specimen, collected May 13, by Mr. H. S. Barber.
Type No. 6627, U. S. N. M.

178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

Sapromyza vittigera, sp. nov.

Black, the narrow base of the third anteiinal joint, mouth parts, halteres, venter,
bases and a median ring on tibia?, and bases of tarsi, yellow, dorsum of abdomen
dark brown and somewhat polished ; head gray pruinose, front with a median brown
vitta, face strongly concave, a small round brown spot on each side of the center,
third joint of antennre only shghtly longer than wide, arista pubescent, thorax and
scutellum gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with three brown vittae, three pairs of
dorsocentral bristles, the anterior pair located in front of the transverse furrow, the
bristly hairs between the dorsocentral rows arranged in two rows, two sternopleural
bristles; wings hyaline. Length, 2.5 ram.

Habitat. — Georgia.

Two specimens collected by H. K. Morrison. Type No. 6628,
U. S. N. M.

Sapromyza puncticeps, sp. nov.

Yellow, a small, rounded, velvet-black spot at middle of lower edge of face, and
a small black ocellar spot; face slightly concave, third joint of antennre .slightly
longer than wide, arista black, pubescent ; mesonotum somewhat opaque, thinly gray
pruinose, three pairs of dorsocentral bristles, all of them postsutural, the bristly hairs
between the two rows arranged in four rows, two sternopleural bristles ; wings
hyaline. Length, 2.5 mm.

Habitat. — Mt. Washington, New Hampshire.

Three specimens collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. Type No.
6629, U. S. N. M.

Lauxania variceps, sp. nov.

Black, the lower part of the front and four vittae extending from it nearly to the
vertex, a streak extending from each antenna to lower hind corner of the correspond-
ing cheek, the bases of the antennre, the halteres, knees and middle and hind tarsi,
yellow ; head polished, center of face gibbous, third antennal joint less than twice as
long as wide, arista bare, body polished, mesonotum somewhat opaque, thinly gray
pruinose, four pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the anterior pair sometimes small, located
in front of the suture, the hairs between them not in rows, two sternopleural bristles ;
wings hyaline. Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.

Habitat. — Williams, Arizona.

Six specimens collected June 7 and 8 by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6630, U. S. N. M.

Lauxania longicornis, sp. nov.

Black, the lower edge of the front above the antennae, extending as four vittte
to the vertex, an oblique streak on each side of the face, bases of antennae, the palpi,
halteres, apices of femora, the tibia; and tarsi except apices of front tarsi from four
fifths length of first joint, yellow, front tibiae pardy brownish-yellow ; head polished,
third joint of antennre slender, over three times as long as greatest width, almost

Dec, 1902.] COQUILLETT : NeW NoRTH AMERICAN DiPTERA. 179

reaching the mouth, arista bare, face gibbous; body polished, three pairs of dorso-
central bristles, all of them postsutural, the hairs between them not in rows, two
slernopleural bristles; wings hyaline. Length, 2.5 to 3.3 mm.

Habitat.— \N\\\\d.m?, (June 7, H. S. Barber), and Oracle (June
30, Hubbard and Schwarz), Arizona ; and Mesilla Park, New Mex-
ico (April 28, T. D. A. Cockerell).

Four specimens. Type No. 6631, U. S. N. M.

Lauxania nigrimana, sp. nov.

Black, lower edge of front above antennte, upper edge of face below antennae,
prolonged obliquely to lower front corner of cheeks, posterior half of cheeks, bases of
antenna;, the halteres and legs except apices of front femora and whole of their tibise
and tarsi, yellow, antennal arista white, pubescent ; head polished, a large spot be-
low ocelli and the yellow portion of face and cheeks whitish pruinose ; face gibbous,
third joint of antenna slender, over four times as long as its greatest width ; body
polished, the mesonotum and scutellum except the sides of the former opaque, gray
pruinose, sternum whitish pruinose, three pairs of dorsocentral bristles, all of them
postsutural, the bristly hairs between the two rows arranged in four rows, two sterno-
pleural bristles ; wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat. — Williams, Arizona.

Two specimens collected Jul}- 23 and 26 by Mr. H. S. Barber.
Type No. 6632, U. S. N. M.

Lauxania cineracea, sp. nov.

Black, the base and under side of the antennae, the halteres and bases of middle
and hind tibiae and of their tarsi yellow ; head opaque, grayish pruinose, middle of
front marked with a pair of blackish vittae, center of face only slightly swollen, third
joint of antennae slightly over twice as long as wide, arista rather long-plumose ; thorax
opaque, gray pruinose, lateral margins of mesonotum brownish, the bristles and hairs
situated on brown dots, only two pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the bristly hairs be-
tween them arranged in four rows, one sternopleural bristle, upper side of scutellum
opaque, gray pruinose, the lower side somewhat polished, abdomen polished and hav-
ing a brassy tinge ; wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. — Biscayne Bay, Florida.

A single specimen collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. Type
No. 6633, U. S. N. M.

Lauxania lutea, sp. nov.

Reddish-yellow, the legs and abdomen light yellow, the latter with a rounded
black spot in middle of base of segments three to six ; head polished, face rather
strongly convex, front noticeably wider than either eye, ocellar bristles obsolete, third
joint of antennae nearly twice as long as broad, arista brown, rather long-plumose;
thorax highly polished, two pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the hairs between them not
arranged in rows, two sternopleural bristles ; wings strongly tinged with yellov/, penul-

180 Journal New York Entomological Society. lvoi. x.

timate section of fourth vein scarcely more than half as long as the last seclion.
Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. — Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay, Florida.

Two specimens collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. Type No.

6634, U. S. N. M.

Family Trypetid.-e.

Trypeta varipennis, sp. nov.

Yellow, a pair of black spots on upper edge of raetanotum, a black spot in front
of each haltere, a transverse row of four round black spots on the first four abdominal
segments, a pair of spots at base and the narrow apex of the ovipositor, black ; head
and mesonotum subopaque, the posterior part of the latter, the scutellum, metanotum,
pleura and abdomen highly polished ; bristles black, hairs of abdomen also black;
third antennal joint tapering towards the apex, which is rounded ; one pair of dorso-
central and one of acrostichal bristles, scutellum bearing four bristles; ovipositor
as long as the penultimate abdominal segment ; wings hyaline, costal margin to tip of
fourth vein bright yellow, changing into brown at apex of wing and marked with
three rounded brown spots, one at humeral crossvein, another at apex of auxiliary
vein, the third just beyond apex of first vein ; anal cell yellow, a large brown cloud
at its apex ; a yellow crossband begins at the costal margin just beyond apex of first
vein, and passes over small crossvein and reaches the fifth vein below which it changes
to brown and extends nearly to the margin of the wing ; above the small crossvein
this band contains a small brown spot, and in the discal cell it is considerably ex-
panded toward the base of this cell ; hind crossvein bordered with brown and on the S
inner side with yellow, which color is prolonged almost across the first posterior cell.
Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. — Bright Angel Hotel, brink of Grand Canyon, Coconino
Co., Arizona.

A female s])ecimen collected July 10 by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type V

No. 6635, U. S. N. M. I

Euaresta stigmatica, sp. nov.

Yellow, the occiput except the upper and lower edges, the thorax and base of
scutellum, black, opaque, densely gray pruinose, apex of abdomen of male black ;
hairs and bristles yellowish, arista except at base brown, proboscis robust, not genicu-
late, two pairs of dorsocentral bristles, no acrostichals, scutellum bearing four bristles,
the apical pair small, ovipositor of female slightly longer than the last two seg-
ments of abdomen ; wings practically as in bella Loew,* except that the stigma is
yellowish gray, with a small median brown spot. Length, 3.5-4 mm.

Habitat. — Flagstaff (July 6) and Williams (June 27 and 30),
Arizona.

One male and three females collected by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6636, U. S. N. M.

* Monographs Diptera North America, III, PI. X, Fig. 23.

Dec, 1902.] COQUILLETT : NeW NoRTH AMERICAN DiPTERA. 181

Tephritis gemella, sp. nov.

Yellow, a black spot at the lower front corners of the scutellum, hairs and bristles
also yellow, scutelluin bearing four bristles ; wings reticulate with yellowish-brown,
along the costa and at apex with blackish, nearly as in cequalis Loew,* except that
there are two transverse pairs of hyaline dots on each side of the small crossvein, situ-
ated between the latter and the large roundhyaline spots; the basal portion of the
discal cell as far as the transverse pair of hyaline dots below the small crossveins
contains four large hyaline spots ; bristles of third vein very sparse and minute ; most
of the cells contain a few more hyaline dots than occur in the related species.
Length, 6 mm.

Habitat. — Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico.
A female specimen collected August 8 by Mr. H. S. Barber.
Type No. 6637, U. S. N. M.

Tephritis inornata, sp. nov.

Black, opaque, grayish pruinose, the head and its appendages except center of
occiput, the apex of scutellum, the halteres and legs yellow, ovipositor of female
largely reddish-yellow ; bristles black, the bristly hairs whitish, scutellum bearing
four bristles, third joint of antenn?e rounded at the apex, proboscis short, rather
robust, not geniculate, abdomen without distinct black spots ; wings reticulate with
dark brown nearly as in finalis Loe\v,t except that the first posterior cell contains a
transverse pair of hyaline dots just beyond the hyaline basal spot, and with five hyaline
dots beyond this pair, three of which are along the fourth vein and two along the
third, also a minute hyaline dot in extreme apex of this cell ; apex of discal cell
beyond the transverse pair of hyaline dots below and slightly beyond the small cross-
vein wholly brown ; hyaline spots in third posterior cell except the one in extreme
apex united to form three large spots ; third vein bare. Length, 3 mm.

Habitat. — Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico.
One male and two female specimens collected August 2 to 8 by
Mr. H. S. Barber. Type No. 6638, U. S. N. M.

Urellia imperfecta, sp. nov.

Black, opaque, gray pruinose, the head and its members except center of occiput,
the humeri, halteres and legs yellow, bristles black, the bristly hairs yellowish ; third
joint of antennas rounded at the apex, proboscis short, rather robust, not geniculate,
scutellum bearing only two bristles, abdomen unmarked, middle femora without
bristles ; wings nearly as in maverna Walker [sotaris Loew J) except that the brown,
Y-shaped mark at apex of wing is wanting except a dot where the base of the
branches should be, no gray dot near center of discal cell, a brown streak below
middle of penultimate section of fifth vein, the hyaline spot in base of first posterior
cell much larger, and there is a hyaline dot close to the third vein in the brown

* Monographs Diptera North America, III, PL X, Fig. 20.
t Monographs Diptera North America, III, PI. XI, Fig. 4.
X Monographs Diptera North America, III, PI. X, Fig. 19.

182 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL x.

beyond it, the latter does not extend to the second of the two brown crossbands in
the second posterior cell. Length, 2.5 mm.

Habitat. — Williams, Arizona.

A male specimen collected May 28 by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6639, U. S. N. M.

Family Ephvdrid.i^^.

Dichaeta furcata, sp. nov. 1

lilack, the base of third antennal joint, palpi, apex of proboscis, halteres, knees
and tarsi except their apices, yellow ; head opaque, gray pruinose, the front and
face yellowish-gray, the front marked with two black vitta; which converge ante-
riorly, only one pair of fronto-orbital bristles and nearer to each eye a row of short *
bristly hairs, several similar hairs on lower part of front, sides of the face and cheeks 1,
bearing a row of from seven to nine bristles, and between each row and the adjacent ;
eye is a series of short, bristly hairs ; mesonotum yellowish-gray pruinose, three in- ■-.
distinct brown vittfe, pleura bluish-gray pruinose, a brown spot near center of meso- >'
pleura, scutellum with a transverse pair of yellowish-gray pruinose spots ; abdomen
bluish-gray pruinose, segments 2 to 5 in the female, 2 to 4 in the male, each marked \
with a basal pair of large, subtriangular black spots, in the male the fifth segment is gray j
pruinose except a median black vitta, and near the apex of its upper side is a slender i
tubercle which is nearly twice as long as this segment and tipped with a pair of up- |
wardly curving spines, each about two-thirds as long as the tubercle ; fourth seg- '•
ment in the male bearing a transverse row of unusually large bristles near its posterior
margin ; wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 3 to 4 mm.

Z^f/^/Az/.— Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth, Florida.

J'hree males and two females collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.

Tyi)e No. 6640, U. S. N. M.

f

Paralimna nuda, sp. nov.

Illack, the third antennal joint, halteres, knees, tibiiv and bases of tarsi yellow ;
front and face yellow, the occiput gray pruinose, only one jiair of orbital bristles ;
thorax grayish pruinose, mesonotum with a broad median and pair of narrow lateral j

vittK, no bristly hairs between the rows of dorsocentral bristles, nor on the sterno- ;;

pleura, no sternopleural bristle, scutellum brown pruinose on the upper .side, abdo-
men bluish-gray pruinose, segments 2 to 5 subequal in length ; tibite silvery white
pruinose, the middle ones each bearing a long bristle near the base and another near j^

the apex ; wings whitish hyaline. Length, 2 mm.

Habitat. — Frontero, Tabasco, Mexico.

A male specimen collected on moist sand along a river, March 9
by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend. Type No. 6641, U. S. N. M.

Discocerina incisa, sp. nov.

Black, the lower edge of the front, antenna;, palpi, halteres, front coxae, knees
tibix and tarsi except the last two joints, yellow ; front brownish, face yellowish
pruinose, orbits of both and the cheeks white pruinose, face bearing three pairs of

Dec, I902.J CoQUILLETT: NeW NoRTH AMERICAN DlPTERA. 183

bristles, a bristle at lower posterior corner of each cheek ; mesonotum and scutellum
olive gray, pleura whitish-gray pruinose ; abdomen brownish black pruinose, the
last segment and front angles of the two preceding segments whitish pruinose, on the
penultimate segment reaching at least nearly halfway to the middle of the dorsum ;
wings hyaline, apex of second vein slightly beyond the middle between apices of the
first and third veins. Length, 1.5 mm.

/Ta^//^/.— Vieques Island, Fajardo, Mayaguez, Aguadillo, Utuado
and Arroyo, Porto Rico.

Eight specimens collected in January and February, 1889, by Mr.
August Busck. Type No. 6642, U. S. N. M.

Parephydra, gen. nov.

Near Discocerina, but the ocellar bristles are inserted higher than the lowest
ocellus, the oral opening is unusually large, etc. Head with a deep concavity at base
of antenna, face with a low, median carina on the upper part, the remamder convex,
at the oral margin projecting farther forward than at any other part, oral margm bare,
clypeus hidden, front nearly flat, two pairs of vertical bristles, no postverticals, two
pairs of fronto-orbitals, second joint of antennae bearing two short bristles at the
upper inner angle, third joint suborbicular, arista long-pectinate on the upper side,
legs without bristles, venation as in the related genus.

Type, the following species :
Parephydra humilis, sp. nov.

Black, the base of third antennal joint, the halteres and tarsi except their apices,
yellow • front yellowish, the face light gray pruinose, face bearing three pairs of
bristles and one near lower posterior corner of each cheek ; body opaque, gray prui-
nose whitish on the abdomen, mesonotum except the sides brownish, one pair of
acrostichal bristles and one of dorsocentrals, the bristly hairs short, sparse, not ar-
ranged in rows, two posthumeral bristles, two mesopleural and one stemopleural,
pleura otherwise almost bare, scutellum bearing four bristles; abdomen oval, com-
posed of five segments which increase in length toward the apex ; wings hyahne, hmd
crossvein faintly clouded with brown, apex of second vein slightly beyond the middle
of distance between apices of first and third veins. Length, nearly i mm.

Hadiiat.—YLot Springs, Yavapai Co., Arizona.

A single specimen collected June 26 by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6643, U. S. N. M.
Coenia bisetosa, sp. nov.

Head and its members black, middle of front bronze green, not pruinose, sparsely
covered with short hairs but without long bristles, two pairs of orbital bristles, third
joint of antenna without a long hair, arista rather long- pectinate on the upper side,
face and cheeks opaque, light gray pruinose; thorax blackish, opaque, yellowish-
gray pruinose, apparently five pairs of dorsocentral bristles, no acrostichals, scutellum
bluish, not pruinose, bearing two pairs of bristles, abdomen olive green, broad bases
of the la.st three segments violet bronze, segments two to five slightly increasing in

184: Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

length, the fifth scarcely longer than the fourth ; femora olive green, the front ones
and anterior side of the others opaque, olive green pruinose, posterior side of the
latter polished, tibise and tarsi black*, front tarsi not thickened, claws strongly arcuate ;
wings grayish hyaline, marginal cell dark gray, small crossvein noticeably before
middle of discal cell ; halteres yellow. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat. — Salt Lake, Utah.

A male specimen collected June 25 by Mr. E. A. Schwarz. Type
No. 6644, U. S. N. M.

Ephydra pilicornis, sp. nov.

Dark bluish-green, antenna;, mouth parts, tibiie and tarsi black, the halteres and
front knees yellow ; three pairs of fronto- orbital bristles, on the inner side of each
row is a gray pruinose vitta connected with a similar one on lower edge of front, disc
of front without long bristles, face on lower half and along the eyes yellowish-gray
pruinose, third joint of antennae bearing a long bristly hair on the outer side, arista
dark brown, short-pectinate on upper side of basal half; mesonotum and scutellum
somewhat polished, the front end and sides of the former and the pleura yellowish-
gray pruinose, five pairs of dorsocentral bristles, no acrostichals, scutellum bearing
two pairs, abdomen slightly polished, segments two to four of nearly an equal length,
the fifth almost twice as long as the fourth ; wings grayish hyaline. Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. — Biscayne Bay, Florida.

A male specimen collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. Type No.
6645, U. S. N. M.

Scatella triseta, sp. nov.

Olive green, the antennje and tarsi black, the halteres yellow ; front yellowish-
gray pruinose, somewhat polished each side of the middle, no long bristles on the
disc, three pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, face whitish-gray pruinose, a brownish-
pruinose vitta in middle of upper half, arista rather long pubescent on the upper side ;
mesonotum and scutellum opaque, brown pruinose, three pairs of dorsocentral bristles,
the anterior pair in front of the suture, no acrostichal bristles, the bristly hairs between
the dorsocentral rows arranged in two rows, humeri and pleura olive gray pruinose*
on upper portion of the latter partly brown, scutellum bearing four bristles, abdomen
opaque, olive gray pruinose, an indistinct brownish fascia at bases of the segments,
fifth segment in the male nearly twice as long as the fourth ; wings hyaline, marked
with four indistinct white dots, of which one is in the submarginal cell above the hind
crossvein, one near base and another beyond center of first posterior cell, the remain-
ing dot near apex of discal cell, costal vein reaches apex of fourth vein. Length,
3 mm.

Habitat. — Williams, Arizona.

One male and four females collected Jime 6 by Mr. H. S. Barber.
Type No. 6646, U. S. N. M.

Dec. i9°2.] Coquillett: New North American Diptera. 185

Family Agromyzid^,

Acrometopia punctata, sp. nov.

Black, the base of antennae, mouth parts, halteres, knees and middle and hind
tarsi except their apices, yellow, antennal arista white, the base yellow ; third joint
of antennae three times as long as wide, bluntly rounded at the apex ; head, body
and legs except the tarsi, opaque, densely gray pruinose, the broad frontal vitta
brownish, abdomen rather thickly covered with black dots ; wings whitish hyaline,
basal half containing about five brown dots, one before and another beyond apex of
first vein, one on small crossvein and two near the wing margin in the third posterior
cell ; a brown fascia crosses the wing, passing over the hind crossvein and inclosing
a hyaline drop at the costal end ; between this fascia and the wing tip are three brown
fascia;, each inclosing a hyaline dot in the costal end (these fasciae are regular in one
wing but very irregular in the other), where there is a partial fourth fascia. Length,
2.5 mm.

Habitat. — Georgia.

A female specimen collected by H. K. Morrison. Type No. 6647,
U. S. N. M.

This European genus has not heretofore been reported from North
America ; it will be readily recognized by the nearly horizonal front,
face and eyes.

Acrometopia maculata, sp. nov.

Black, the antennae except at apex, the mouth parts, halteres, knees, tibiae and
tarsi yellow, base of antennal arista yellow, the remainder white ; third joint of
antennse less than twice as long as wide, the outer apical angle almost rectangular ;
head, body and femora opaque, densely gray pruinose, segments 2 to 5 of abdomen
each marked with a basal pair of round black spots ; wings hyaline, marked with
brown as follows : A cloud on humeral crossvein, dot near center and another in
apex of costal cell, four spots in marginal cell, of which the first three are geminate,
submarginal cell crossed by eight streaks, the first posterior with five, a dot near
middle of first basal cell, cloud on small and hind crossvein, that on the latter ex-
panded in a spot along fourth vein, two dots along upper edge of second posterior
cell, two near center of third posterior cell and streak beyond middle of discal cell.
Length, 2 mm.

Habitat. — Baracoa, Cuba.

A female specimen collected in September, 1901, by Mr. August
Busck- Type No. 6648, U. S. N. M.

Odinia* immaculata, sp. nov.

* In 1830 Meigen established the genus MilicJiia for two new species, speciosa
and maculata, figuring the first, with which his generic description agrees better than
with the second species. In the same year Desvoidy founded the genus Odinia for
two new species, trinotata and peleterii ; the latter apparently has not been since

18fi Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Head light yellow, frontal vitta dark yellow, occiput, except the margin and a
notch on upper part, brown, antennae yellow, the upper edge of the third joint tinged
with brown, mouth parts light yellow ; mesonotum and scutellum black, opaque,
gray pruinose, pleura yellow, the sternopleura largely, and a spot above it, brown ;
mesonotum between the two rows of four dorsocentral bristles bare except in front of
the suture, pleura bare except a few bristles along hind edge of mesopleura and one
on the sternopleura ; middle of metanotum and entire abdomen dark brown ; femora
yellow, a preapical brownish spot on the front side of each, tibia; and tarsi brown ;
wings hyaline, last section of fifth vein nearly one and one half times as long as the
preceding section ; halteres yellow. Length, 1.5 mm.

Habitat. — Mt. Washington, New Hampshire.

A single specimen collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. Type
No. 6649, U. S. N. M.

Parodinia, gen. nov.

Near Odinia but with only two pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, eyes transversely
ellipsoidal, etc. Head subquadrate, front convex, two pairs of vertical bristles, one
pair of ocellars and a small, cruciate postvertical pair, front below the ocelli as wide
as long, bare except for the fronto-orbitals, antennae porrect, half as long as the head,
the third joint orbicular, over twice as long as the second, arista bare, face concave,
vibrissse present, on a level with the oral margin, proboscis short, robust, palpi clavate,
auxiliary vein distinct in its basal portion, uniting with the first vein near its apex,
costal vein reaches apex of fourth, not incised, third and fourth veins almost parallel,
hind crossvein transverse, sixth vein obliterated before reaching the wing margin, anal
and second basal cells present but small.

Type, the following species :
Parodinia cinerea, sp. nov.

Head yellow, the occiput, except the lower part, black, gray pruinose, mouth
parts and antenna yellow, third joint of the latter black, cheeks one-third as wide as
the eye height ; body black, opaque, densely gray pruinose, five pairs of dorsocentral
bristles, four supraalar, one humeral, two posthumeral, one propleural, one near hind
edge of mesopleura, two sternopleural and four scutellar bristles, legs yellow, tarsi

recognized, while trinotata is regarded by Schiner as being identical with the Milichia
inacitlata of Meigen. This leaves spedosa as the type of Alilichia, and it was so
designated by Westwood in 1840 and by Rondani in 1856. In 1843 Loew wrongly
selected viaculata as the type of MilicJiia, and in this he has been followed by
Schiner, Osten Sacken, and most recent writers. The synonymy of these two genera
is as follows :

Milichia Meigen, 1830; type, speciosa Meigen.

Synon. ^rry';vV?5 Latreille, 1829 (not of Huebncr, 1816) ; no species men-
tioned.
Lobioplero Wahlberg, 1847 ; type, /iidi'its Wahlberg.
(hlinia Desvoidy, 1850; type, tniiotiiln Desvoidy.

•Synon. AllifoDUTiis Rondani, 1S56; type, Od iiia tiinotata Desvoidy.

Dec, I902.] CoQUILLETT: NEW NoRTH AMERICAN DiPTERA. 187

brownish, middle and hind femora without bristles, all tibiae with a preapical bristle ;
wings hyalme, vems yellow, costa bearing several short, black, spinous bristles, small
crossvein near middle of discal cell ; halteres yellow. Length, 2 mm.

Habitat.— Los Angeles Co., California.

Three specimens collected by the author. Type No. 6650, U. S.
N. M.*
Pseudodinia, gen. nov.

Near Parodinia but the vibrissa; wanting, the front wholly polished, etc. Head
somewhat hemispherical, front but slightly convex and with a broad, transverse
groove below the middle, the portion below the ocelli broad-er than long, bristles as
in the preceding genus, antennae projecting obliquely downward, less than one third
as long as the head, the third joint orbicular, slightly longer than the second, arista
bare, face concave, sides of oral opening bearing short hairs, eyes bare, oblique,
nearly quadangular, with rounded corners ; proboscis short and robust, the labella
rather narrow ; palpi nearly cylindrical ; auxiliary vein indistinct, extending close to
the first until near the apex, then separating and ending in the costa, costal vein
extended to apex of fourth, not incised, hind crossvein transverse, sixth vein oblit-
erated slightly beyond apex of anal cell, the latter and second basal complete, small ;
tibiae bare.

Type, the following species :
Pseudodinia varipes, sp. nov.

Black, the proboscis, halteres, tarsi and apices of tibire yellow ; thorax sub-
opaque, thinly gray pruinose, two pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the hairs between
them not in rows, four supra-alar bristles, one humeral two posthumeral, one near
middle of hind edge of mesopleura and one sternopleural, a few hairs in front of the
latter, pleura otherwise without hairs, scutellum bearing four bristles ; wings hyalme,
veins'yellowish, changing to brown on the apical portion, second, third and fourth
veins nearly parallel, the apices of the third and fourth diverging, last section of
fifth vein less than half as long as the preceding section, small crossvein near middle
of discal cell. Length, 1.5 mm.

Habitat.— \.-&.s Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico.

Three specimens collected August 3, 8 and 15, by Mr. H. S.
Barber. Type No. 6651, U. S. N. M.

Milichia robertsoni, sp. nov.

Black including the halteres ; the front angles of third abdominal segment, a
fascia at base of the fourth and whole of the fifth except its apex, silvery white
pruinose, wings hyaline, costal incision small. Length, 2 mm.

Habitat. — Inverness, Florida.

^Rhicrtassa costalis Co'qdile^^^belongs to Parodinia. It was described from
the Galopagos Islands and Mr. Barber collected specimens at Williams, FlagstaH and
Bright Angel, Arizona.

188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

A male specimen received from Mr. Charles Robertson. Type
No. 6652, U. S. N. M.

Arctobiella, gen. no\ .

Near Eusip/iona but llie proboscis is short, robust, not geniculate, the third and
fourth veins nearly parallel, etc. Head somewhat hemispherical, front flat, the
portion below the ocelli over twice as long as wide, rather densely haired, bristles of
head and body scarcely stouter than the hairs, face concave, vibrissa; not differentiated
from the adjacent hairs ; antennas about one third as long as the head, the third joint
orbicular, slightly longer than the second ; arista bare ; eyes densely haired ; palpi
clavate, auxiliary vein extending close to the first but separated from the latter before
its apex and ending in the costa, hind crossveiii transverse, costa not incised, costal
vein reaches apex of the fourth ; sixth vein obliterated far before reaching the wing-
margin, anal and second basal cells present but small.

Type, the following species :

Arctobiella obscura, sp. no\ .

Black, including the halteres ; cheeks about one sixth as wide as the eye height ;
body opaque, somewhat velvety, mesonotum and pleura rather densely haired,
scutellum bearing a marginal row of bristly hairs, abdomen greatly depressed, less
than twice as long as wide ; legs short and rather robust ; tibiae without bristles ; wings
pale brownish, small crossvein near middle of discal cell. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat. — Laggan, British Columbia.

A single specimen collected by Prof. H. F. Wickham. Type
No. 6653, U. S. N. M.

Desmometopa luteola, sp. nov.

Yellow, the arista and bristles black ; wings hyaline, third and fourth veins
nearly parallel, last section of fifth vein less than one fourth as long as the preceding
section, small crossvein near two-thirds length of discal cell. Length, nearly 2 mm.

Habitat. — Williams, Arizona.

A single specimen collected June 30 by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6654, U. S. N. M.

Agromyza picta, sp. nov.

Black, the proboscis, sides and posterior part of mesonotum, scutellum, upper
half of pleura, halteres, and abdomen except the last two segments and middle of the
preceding, yellow ; body polished, four pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the anterior
pair in front of the suture, the bristly hairs between them not disposed in rows, a
large space in front of scutellum destitute of hairs ; wings hyaline, faintly tinged with
smoky brown along the costa, last section of fifth vein slightly shorter than the pre-
ceding section. Length, 3 mm.

Habitat. — Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico.

A single specimen collected March 5 by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend.
Type No. 6655, U. S. N. M.

Dec, I902.] COQUILLETT : NeW NoRTH AMERICAN DiPTERA. 189

Agromyza parvicella, sp. nov.

Black, the cheeks, sides of face, proboscis, halteres, and knees, yellow, lower
part of front yellowish-brown ; thorax opaque, gray pruinose, four pairs of dorsocen-
tral bristles, the anterior pair in front of the suture, the hairs between them in two
rows ; wings grayish hyaline, veins brown, last section of fourth vein slender, last
section of fifth five times as long as the preceding section, small crossvein at two-
thirds of length of the unusually small discal cell. Length, 2 mm.

Habitat. — St. Paul Island, Alaska.

A single specimen collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid. Type No.
6656, U. S. N. M.

Agromyza flavonigra, sp. nov.

Head and its members yellow, an ocellar dot, occiput except the margin, the
arista and bristles black ; body yellow, hairs and bristles black, mesonotum black,
the sides, front angles, four vittos and spot in front of scutellum yellow, a black
humeral dot, an irregular, interrupted vitta on lower part of pleura, large spot on
sternum in front of middle coxae, spot on each side of scutellum at base, fascia at bases
of abdominal segments three and four, two pairs of dots on segment five and whole
of six, black ; mesonotum somewhat opaque, four pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the
anterior pair in front of the suture, the hairs between them not in rows ; coxse and
femora yellow varied with black, tibiae and tarsi wholly black ; wings hyaline, veins
brown and of nearly equal thickness, last section of fifth vein one and one-half times
as long as the preceding section ; halteres yellow. Length, 3 mm.

Habitat. — Beulah, New Mexico.

Two specimens collected June 29 and in July by Prof, and Mrs.
T. D. A. Cockerell. Type No. 6657, U. S. N. M.

Agromyza varifrons, sp. nov.

Black, the lower half of front, antennae, face, cheeks, mouth parts, halteres,
knees and bases of tarsi, yellow ; mesonotum somewhat polished, two pairs of dorso-
centrals, the bristly hairs between them not in rows ; wings hyaline, veins brown, of
nearly an equal thickness, last two sections of fifth vein subequal in length. Length,
1.5 mm.

Habitat. — District of Columbia.

A single specimen collected by the writer. Type No. 6658, U.

S. N. M.

Agromyza pruinosa, sp. nov.

Black, the halteres "and knees yellow, lower half of frontal vitta, antennae, de-
pressions of face, lower edge of cheeks and the mouth parts, reddish-yellow ; meso-
notum rather densely whitish-gray pruinose, four pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the
anterior pair in front of the suture, the hairs between them not in rows ; wings
hyaline, veins brown, of nearly an equal thickness, apical portions of third and fourth

190 Journal New Vokk Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

veins strongly diverging, last two sections of fifth vein subequal in length. Length,
2.5 mm.

Habitat. — Colorado.

A single specimen collected by Mr. H. K. .Morrison. Type No.
6659, U. S. N. M.

Agromyza viridula, sp. nov.

Black, the body, especially the abdomen, greenish, halteres white, apex of
proboscis yellowish-brown ; mesonotum somewhat polished, two pairs of dorsocentral
bristles, the hairs between them numerous, not disposed in rows ; wings hyaline,
veins brown, of nearly an equal thickness, last section of fifth vein two thirds as long
as the preceding section, small crossvein near one-third of length of discal cell.
Length, 2 to 2.5 mm.

Habitat. — District of Columbia (Coquillett, in June); Beverly,
Massachusetts (Burgess, June 29); Georgia (Morrison); and Agua-
dilla and Mayaguez, Porto Rico (Busck, in January).

f'ive specimens. Near neptis, but that species has three pairs of
dorsocentral bristles, small crossvein at middle of discal cell, etc.
Type No. 6660, U. S. N. M.

Hemeromyia, gen. nov.

Near Agj-omyza but the vibrissae distinctly above the front edge of the oral mar-
gin, face strongly convex, etc. Head somewhat quadrangular, front convex, the
portion below the ocelli broader than long, bristles as in Parodinia except that the
postvertical pair is diverging ; antennse scarcely one-sixth as long as the head, the
third joint orbicular, arista bare, face retreating at the oral margin, a row of bristles
on lower portion of cheeks, eyes transversely oval, bare ; proboscis short and robust ;
palpi clavate ; costal vein reaching apex of fourth, not incised, auxiliary vein indis-
tinct, its apical portion united with the first, the second, third and fourth veins nearly
parallel, hind crossvein transverse, anal and second basal cells present but small, sixth
vein obliterated before reaching the wing margin.

Type, the following species :
Hemeromyia obscura, sp. nov.

Black, the face and cheeks yellow, antenna:, palpi and lialteres brownish-yellow,
knobs of halteres whitish ; front opaque, the ocellar triangle and orbits slightly
polished, cheeks one sixth as wide as the eye height ; mesonotum almost without
hairs, bearing four pairs of dorsocentral bristles, four supra-alar, one humeral, two
posthumeral, mesopleura with one bristle and a row of hairs along the posterior edge
and a bristle near middle of lower edge, a small pteropleural bristle, sternopleura
bearing one bristle and a few hairs, scutellum bearing four bristles, tibiae without
bristles, wings hyaline, last section of fifth vein one-fifth as long as the preceding
section, small crossvein at three-fourths length of discal cell. Length, 1. 5 mm.

Habitat. — Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico.

Dec, 1902.] COQUILLETT : NeW NoRTH AMERICAN DiPTERA. 191

A single specimen collected August ii by Mr. H. S. Barber.
Type No. 6661, U. S. N. M.

Phytomyza palliata, sp. nov.

Yellow, an ocellar dot, occiput except lower margin, and mesonotom except the
sides and hind margin, black, center of sternopleura and bases of abdominal segments,
brownish ; bristles black ; mesonotum opaque, gray pruinose, bearing only a few
hairs, four pairs of dorsocentrals ; wings hyaline, fourth vein as strong as the third,
hind crossvein wanting. Length, 1. 5 mm.

Habitat. — Mesilla Park, New Mexico.

A single specimen bred from Portulaca August 10 by Prof. T. D.
A. Cockerell. Type No. 6662, U. S. N. M.

Phytomyza bicolor, sp. nov.

Black, the labella, halteres and abdomen except the last segment and base
of the preceding, yellow ; thorax thinly grayish pruinose, four pairs of dorso-
central bristles, the hairs between them numerous, not arranged in rows ; wings
hyaline, veins yellowish, fourth vein subhyaline, noticeably more slender and less dis-
tinct than the third, hind crossvein wanting. Length, 3 mm.

Habitat. — Niagara Falls, New York.

A single specimen collected June 23 by Mr. C. W. Johnson.
Type No. 6663, U. S. N. M.

NEW FORMS OF CULICIDiE FROM NORTH

AMERICA. /O

By D. W. Coquillett.

Corethrella, gen. nov.

Near Corethra and Mocklonyx, but diflering from both in having the antennae
wholly covered with hairs and the apical joints shorter than the intermediate ones.
Antennae 14-jointed, the first joint unusually large, bulbous, twice as wide as long,
the remaining joints slender, elongate, wholly covered with hairs, which are very
dense in the male but very sparse in the female, in both with a sparse whorl of bris-
tles near base of each joint, the second joint with an additional whorl before the
middle, the hairs and bristles noticeably sparser and shorter on the last three joints
than on the preceding ones, hairs on the sixth joint in the male over four times as
long as that joint and but slightly shorter than the bristles, in the female the longest
hairs on the sixth joint are about half as long as that joint and about one-fourth as
long as the bristles, antennae only slightly thickened at the insertion of the whorls
of bristles, second joint slightly longer than the third, about four times as long as
wide, joints three to eleven becoming successively a trifle longer, the last three

192 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLX.

joints each slightly shorter than the eleventh ; proboscis scarcely longer than height of
head, palpi inserted slightly beyond its middle, nearly twice as long as the proboscis,
eyes widely separated, deeply emarginate opposite insertion of antennce, no ocelli,
first tarsal joint much longer than the second, venation as in Ctilex. Type Coretlira
brakeleyi Coquillett.

The radical structural differences existing between the larva of the
present form and that of a typical species of Corethra have already
been commented upon by Prof. J. B. Smith, and are clearly shown
in the excellent figures published by Dr. Dyar in the present number
of the Journal. This and the further fact that the structure and
pilosity of the antennae of the adults are markedly different, clearly
indicate the desirability of separating these two forms into distinct
genera.

Anopheles eiseni, sp. nov.

Near maculipeuiiis, l:>ut with a patch of whitish scales on the first vein before its
middle and another at its apex, also the apical fourth of the hind tibise is yellowish-
white. Black, the stems of halteres whitish, coxae and a vitta on lower part of
pleura, yellow, femora yellowish-brown, apical fourth of hind tibiK yellowish-white ;
antennEe of male whitish, the first joint, last two and fascia on each of the others,
brown ; scales of palpi black, those at apex and two bands in the female, three in the
male, white; scales of occiput black, those in middle of upper part white ; mesonotum
grayish pruinose, marked toward each side with a velvet black vitta ; scales of abdo-
men black, the hairs yellowish, scales of femora and tibice mixed black and whitish,
those on the apical whitish portion of hind tibia; white, those on the tarsi black ; tarsal
claws of female simple ; wings hyaline, the veins and scales brown, a dense patch of
black ones at base of second vein, a larger one on the crossveins and a small one at
bases of first submarginal and of second posterior cell, a small patch of yellowish- white
scales on first vein before its middle and another at its apex, the latter spot encroach-
ing upon the costal vein. Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. — Aguna, Guatemala (2,000 feet altitude).

One female and two males received by Dr. L. O. Howard from
Professor Gustav Eisen, of San Francisco, Cal., who has brought to
light several interesting forms in this family, and to whom this species
is respectfully dedicated. Type No. 6699, U. S. National Museum.

Culex dyari, sp. nov.

Near syhestris, but with a pair of bare vittoe on the mesonotum, simple tarsal
claws in the female, etc. Dark brown, thorax more reddish-brown, stems of halteres,
coxae and greater portion of posterior side of femora, yellow ; antenna; of male largely
white on the intermediate short joints, the plumosity brown, with a yellow base ; scales
of palpi brown, the female having those at the apices white, the male with four rings
of whitish ones, last joint of male palpi dilated, scales of occiput narrow, yellowish, a
large patch of broad whitish ones on each side, the upright ones black ; scales of

Dec, 1902.1 COQUILLETT : NeW SpECIES OF CULIClD.t.

193

thorax light yellowish, those of the abdomen black and with a broad band of yellowish-
white ones at base of each segment ; scales of legs black, mixed with a few yellow
ones, those on the coxje, on posterior side and at apices of femora and tibi^, and at
each end of the first three joints of the tarsi, yellowish- white ; front tarsal claws of
male bearing two teeth beneath one of the claws and one tooth beneath the other ;
wings hyaline, veins 'and scales brown, many of the lateral scales on the auxiliary and
first veins are rather broad and distinctly taper to the base, the other lateral scales
chiefly elongate, narrow and almost linear, second basal cell much shorter than the
first, petiole of first submarginal cell over one-third as long as that cell. Length, 4 mm.

I/a/Hfaf.— Center Harbor, N. H.

Three females and one male bred by Dr. H. G. Dyar, whose pa-
tient investigation of the larvae of this family has resulted in a better
understanding regarding the limits of the species, and to whom this
imique species is respectfully dedicated. Type No. 6700, U. S. N. M.

Culex melanurus, sp. nov.

^ear pr/>icns, but without distinct bands of light-colored scales at bases of the
abdominal segments, the lateral scales on the wing veins rather broad and distinctly
tapering at the base, etc. Black, the stems of the halteres and posterior and under
sides of the femora, yellow, the intermediate short joints of the male antenna largely
white, palpi of male not dilated ; scales of occiput narrow, yellowish- white, a patch
of broad white ones on each side, the upright ones black, scales of mesonotum golden
yellow, those of the abdomen violaceous brown, a small patch of white ones at front
angles 'of the segments beyond the second, those on middle of venter yellowish-white,
scales of legs purplish -brown, in certain lights with a brassy tint, those on the yellow
portion of the femora whitish ; tarsal claws of female simple, the front and middle
ones in the male one-toothed ; wings hyaline, second basal cell much shorter than the
first, petiole of the first submargined cell nearly one-third as long as that cell. Length,
3.5 mm.

Hah' f a f.— Center Harbor, N. H.

Two females and two males bred by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type No.
e-'oi, U. S. N. M. The specific name was given in allusion to the
distinctly blackish anal tube of the larva.

Culex trivittatus, sp. nov.

Near triseriaius, but with three vitta; of blackish scales on the mesonotum.
Black, the first ioint of antennae and base of second, the coxa and greater portion of
femora, yellow ; scales of palpi black, those on the occiput light yellow, a large patch
of dark gray ones on each side of the middle, the upright ones yellow ; scales of
mesonotum brassy yellow and with three broad vittos of blackish ones, the median
vitta not quite extending to either end of the mesonotum ; scales of abdomen black,
those at the front angles of the segments and on the venter whitish ; scales of legs
black, those on the coxse and on the posterior side of the femora and tibla^ covering
nearly the whole of the hind femora, yellowish-white ; tarsal claws rather large, one-
toothed ; wings hyaline, lateral elongated scales of the veins narrow and almost linear,

194 Journal New York Entomological Society. fvoi- x.

second basal cell shorter tlian the first, petiole of first submarginal cell nearly one-
half as long as that cell. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat. — Chester, New Jersey.

Two female specimens collected September 10 and 14 by Prof. J.
B. Smith. Type No. 6702, U. S. N. M.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LARV^ OF NORTH
AMERICAN CULICID^.— If.

By Harrison G. Dyar, Ph.D.

(Plates XVT-XIX. )
I have previously published illustrations of four species of Culicidae
in this journal ( Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, IX, 177-182, 1901) ; the
present paper is a continuation of the subject.

Culex canadensis TJieobald.

£,i;X- — Laid singly, not adherent, scattered or adhering in irreg-
ular masses by surface tension only. Fusiform, the ends rounded, the
greatest diameter at the third nearest the micropyle ; one side flat-
tened. Entirely black, covered with clear granules which rest in re-
ticular hollows of the surface ; a small colorless cushion at the micro-
pyle. Length, .8 mm.; diameter, .2 mm.

Stai;e I. — Head rotinded, darkly infuscated, antennae slender, uni-
form, the tuft at the middle of the joint slight; dark throughout.
Body hairs normal, simple ; air tube colorless at the base, the ter-
minal third darkly infuscated, the line dividing these areas sharp,
oblique ; a sparse double pecten on the clear part. Anal segment
with a dorsal dark plate and terminal tuft ; no ventral brush. Lateral
comb of the eighth segment a series of simple thorn-shaped spines,
about 6 in number, in a straight transverse row.

Stage II. — The head is pale brown rather than blackish. Anten-
nae all brown, the slight tuft at the middle of the joint. Body hairs
stouter, with distinct basal tubercles on the thorax. Air tube com-
pletely chitinized, brown with a double pecten on the posterior basal
half, followed by a little hair tuft. Tube conically tapered, about
two and a half times as long as wide. Anal segment with a broad
dorsal dark plate, terminal tuft and small ventral brush arising from a
transversely barred area at the tip of the segment ; also several siiiall

Dec, I902.] Dyar : Larv.i-: of North American Culicid.«, 195

tufts preceding this barred area. Lateral comb a patch of spines, low
triangular in shape, about three rows deep in the center.

Stage III. — Head slightly paler, the base of the antennae paler
than the tip, the tuft arising a little before the middle. Otherwise as
before, but the ventral brush stronger, and the comb of the eighth
segment contains more numerous spines.

Stage IV. — (PI. XVI, Fig. i.) Head pale brown, the antennae
darker on the outer third, but brownish throughout ; tuft arising a lit-
tle before the middle, slight, not long enough to reach to the tip of the
joint. Thoracic hairs finely, weakly barbuled, arising from large in-
fuscated tubercles. Abdominal hairs simple, moderate, double as far
back as the seventh segment. Anal segment with a broad dorsal
plate which reaches nearly to the ventral line but does not enclose the
segment. Dorsal tuft and ventral brush normal, the latter with small
tufts before the barred area. Tube conic, tapered, about two and a
half times as long as wide, with two rows of pecten at the base (Fig.
I, A), followed by a little tuft. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
a patch of small spines in triangular form, over three rows deep (Fig.
i,B).

Pupa. — The usual shape and appearance, rather large, the air tubes
moderate, funnel-shaped narrowed at base.

Dr. John B, Smith has given an account of the life-history of this
species (Ent. News, XIII, 267, 1902). His conclusions agree in the
main with my observations except in regard to the matter of hiberna-
tion, which is in the egg stage (Science, N. S., XVI, 672, 1902).

Culex atropalpus CoquiUett.

Egg. — Elliptical, the ends abruptly narrowed, making them round
pointed, the antemicropylar one more sharply so and a slight narrow-
ing of the whole egg toward this end. Deep black, the coarse
reticulations filled by clear granules and a clear annular cushion at the
micropylar end, the whole covered by a layer of mucilage. Length,
.6 mm. ; width .2 mm. Laid separately in groups adherent to the
surface on which they are deposited.

Stage IV. — (PI. XVI, Fig. 2.) Head rounded, dark brown,
nearly black ; antennae slender, small, uniform, the tuft at the middle
of the joint and reduced to but one inconspicuous hair. Body hairs
normal, moderate, thoracic ones slightly barbuled, abdominal ones
simple, several-haired. Tube short, not over twice as long as wide,

196 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

slightly tapered, infuscated ; a double posterior pecten, small tuft and
several pecten teeth beyond the tuft. Anal segment with a small
dorsal plate, dark, not reaching the middle of the sides ; ventral brush
confined to the barred area* which is roundedly elevated. Anal
finger-shaped processes long, sometimes very long, with conspicuous
tracheal branches. Lateral comb a long triangular patch of small
spines about five rows deep.

Pupa. — As usual, rather small, dark, the tubes funnel-shaped,
moderate. The pupa is heavier than usual, rising but slowly and
sometimes even resting on the bottom of the pool without moving.

Culex sylvestris Theobald.

Egg. — Laid singly or in groups, adherent by capillary action only,
floating for a time, ultimately sinking to the bottom. Elliptical,
fusiform, the ends rounded, pointed and about alike, the microfiylar
one differentiated by a slight apical flattening ; one side more flattened
than the other. Smooth, shining black, free of mucilage and without
granules, coarsely reticulate, the reticulations much elongated in the
length of the egg, forming long lines or < hains. Length, .6 mm. ;
width, .2 mm.

Stage IV. — - (PI. XVL Fig. 3.) Head rounded, light brown ; an-
tennae slender, moderate, slightly tapering, the small tuft before the
middle ; infuscated outwardly, pale at base. Body hairs short, stout,
the thoracic ones from large infuscated tubercles, the abdominal ones
double. Tube moderate, about two and a half times as long as wide,
slightly tapered, with double posterior pecten on basal half, their
spines dark and three-branched (Fig. 3, A'), the terminal two usually
detached and larger, the tuft beyond rudimentary. Anal segment
very broadly plated, almost, but not quite ringed, the plate pale brown.
Dorsal tuft and ventral brush normal, the latter with several small
tufts before the barred area. Lateral comb of about twelve large
thorn-shaped spines in an irregular, partly double row (Fig. 3, B).
Anal finger-shaped processes normal, tapered, but the tips rather
bluntly rounded.

Pupa. — Normal, rather large, the tubes slender, funnel-shaped,
moderate.

* There are tufts before the barred area in stages II and III, but they are absent
in stage IV in all larvae examined except one. These small tufts are present in cana-
densis, with which this species is nearly allied, in stage IV as well as earlier.

Dec. 1902.]

Dyar : Larv.e of North American Culicid.^. 1*.»7

Aedes fuscus Osten Sacken.

^t^^re /.—Head rounded, darkly infuscated, antennae proportion-
ately large, slightly tapered, with long terminal hairs ; tuft a little
before the middle, slight. Body hairs few and weak. Tube with the
tip darkly infuscated, the basal two thirds colorless with a small sparse
double pecten. Anal segment with a small, dark, oval dorsal plate
and terminal brush ; no ventral hairs. Comb of six spines in a straight

transverse row.

Sta^re //.—Head paler brown than before, the terminal antennal
hairJ shorter; tuft at the middle. Body hairs stouter and more
numerous. Tube completely infuscated, conic tapered, rather less
than two and a half times as long as wide, with double posterior basal
pecten, not followed by any visible tuft. Anal segment dorsally plated
as before but with a small ventral brush arising from the barred area.
Comb of about nine spines in an irregular transverse row.

^f^-^^, ///_Head about as before, the outer half of the antennae
infuscated, the basal half pale, tuft at the middle. Body hairs quite
stout moderate, the posterior abdominal ones single. Tube light
brown Dorsal plate of anal segment larger, the ventral brush also
larger and with some small tufts before the barred area. Comb a little
larger, having ten to twelve spines.

Sf^^^re /F— (PI. XVn, Fig. I.) Head pale brown; antennae
slender,\lightly tapering, the outer half darker; tuft a little before
the middle, not long enough to reach to the end, slight. Body hairs
moderate, stout, not long, the thoracic ones slightly barbuled, the pos-
terior abdominal ones single. Tube longer, about three times as long
as wide, a double posterior pecten of pale, single-toothed spines (Fig.
I ^) the last three larger and remote, followed by a rudimentary tuft.
\nal segment broadly plated, reaching to the middle of the sides or a
little below ; tuft and brush normal, the latter with small tufts before
the barred area. Anal finger-shaped processes long, narrowly taper-

^'''"J>l^'^._Normal, small, the air tube cylindrical, slightly bent but
not windened into funnel shape.

Culex sollicitans Walker.

Sta^re /F. — (PI. XVII, Fig. 2.) Head rather dark brown, the
antennee slender, slightly tapered, with the tuft at the middle of the
joint Body hairs rather stout and short from infuscated basal tuber-

198 Journal New York Ento-molocical Society. [Voi. x.

cles. Tube about twice as long as wide, conic-tapered, brown infus-
cated, with posterior double pecten and small tuft. Anal segment
completely ringed, brown with normal tuft and ventral brush, the
latter without tufts before the barred area. Latera comb of the eighth
segment a small patch of rather large thorn-shaped spines scarcely-
more than two rows deep. Anal finger-shaped processes often very
small, scarcely longer than wide.

Pupa. — Normal, not distinguishable from allied species.

Culex pipiens Limneus.

Stas^e IV. — (PI. XVII, Fig. 3.) Head rounded, fiill at the sides,
pale ; antennae large and long, completely infuscated or, in pale spe-
cimens, somewhat lighter at the base, the tuft at the outer third of the
joint and the part beyond it more slender than the basal part. Abdominal
hairs stout, moderate, the thoracic ones with infuscated tubercles and
scarcely barbuled, abdominal ones double, but slight. Tube four
times as long as wide, strongly tapered on terminal half, pale brown ;
a small weak double posterior pecten followed by several tufts of hair.
Anal segment completely ringed by the plate, pale brown ; tuft and
brush normal, the latter confined to the barred area. Comb a large
patch of small spines in a low triangle about four rows deep (Fig. 3, B ).

Culex melanurus Coqi/il/eff.

Egg. — Laid singly and separate, floating on the surface. Elliptical,
rounded rather bluntly at one end, tapering to the other which is
smaller, but also rounded ; one side flattened ; finely granular with
rounded, projecting granules which are larger at the ends, conspicu-
ously so at the big end, forming a sort of cap which terminates on the
flattened side in a slight ridge. On the central part of the egg the
sculpturing resembles a fine shagreen. Opacjuely sordid white, the
ends black. Length, .9 mm. ; width, .15 mm.

Stage III. — Head rounded, pale brown, the antennal tuft at the
outer fourth of the joint, the short terminal part slenderer than the
basal part, all infuscated and darker than the head. Body hairs
numerous on the thorax but rather short and with small basal tuber-
cles, slightly barbuled ; abdominal ones becoming smaller posteriorly.
Tube rather more than four times as long as wide, a little bent and
only slightly tapering, being three fourths as wide at tip as at base ; a
small weak double pecten, unusually closely placed and followed by
several slight irregular tufts. Comb a single row of spines produced

Dec.,i902.] DVAR : LARV.t OF NORTH AMERICAN CULICID.«. 199

into long pointed bars. Anal segment with a dark brown oval dorsal
plate, not reaching the middle of the sides ; brush and tuft normal;
rather slight, the latter confined to the barred area.

Sfc7o-r IV. — (PI. XVIII, Fig. 1) Head dark brown, the long slen-
der curved antennae with the tuft at the outer fourth as before, the basal
part rather coarsely spined ; all dark brown. Body hairs rather stout,
short, the abdominal ones slighter posteriorly. Tube about five times
as long as broad, slightly uniformly tapered, dark brown, the tip
black ; double basal pecten, closely placed as before and followed by
scattering tufts. Comb a single row of long bars (Fig. i, B).

Pupa. — Normal, small, the air tubes short funnel-shaped, narrowed
at base.

Culex dyari Coquillett.

Sfagi' IV. — (PI. XVm, Fig. 2.) Head rounded, pale brown;
antennre stout, the tuft at the outer third and the part beyond it
smaller, strongly infuscated at the tip and very narrowly so at the
base, the center of the joint broadly pale whitish. Body hairs stout,
rather long, from infuscated tubercles on both thorax and abdomen.
Tube about four times as long as broad, tapering rather abruptly be-
yond the middle, the tip not tapered ; a small, double, approximate
basal pecten, not followed by any hair tufts. Anal segment com-
pletely ringed, the chitin darker and covered with numerous little
spines dorsally, pierced ventrally by seven little holes for a series of
tufts that precede the barred area ; brush and tuft normal. Comb a
large patch of numerous small spines, many rows deep (Fig. 2, B).

Pupa. — Normal, the air tubes funnel-shaped.

Culex restuans Theobald.

Pji^'g. — Laid in a large boat-shaped mass as in C. p/p/e/ts, the eggs
adhering by their sides and standing perpendicularly to the water, the
mass floating freely. Elliptical, fusiform, the end sharply tapered,
the micropylar one less so ; smooth, finely shagreened, brown black
without mucilage, the shell rather thin. Length, .6 mm.; width, .2
mm.

S/a^i^e I — Head rounded, nearly colorless, the eyes round, scarcely
transverse ; antennae moderate, rather stout, with long terminal hairs,
uniform, the tuft a little before the middle of the joint, composed of
two hairs which are long enough to reach beyond the tip. Body hairs
slight but rather numerous. Tube somewhat fusiform, about three

200 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

times as long as wide, the outer half infuscated, the basal half color-
less with slight double pecten followed by several hairs ; division of
the infuscated area irregular. Anal segment with a rather large
dorsal plate ; terminal tuft double, normal ; no ventral hairs. Comb
of nine spines in a straight transverse row.

Stage II. — Head rounded, pale, eyes still round; antennae pro-
portionately smaller, stout, the outer half a little "more slender, the tuft
at the middle, weakly infuscated outwardly. Body hairs slight, be-
coming single posteriorly. Tube pale brown, conically tapered,
about three times as long as wide, a double many-toothed pecten
followed by several hairs. Anal segment as before with the small
ventral brush added. Comb of i6 spines in an irregular double row.

Stage III — Head as before, the antenna; more distinctly infus-
cated at tip and more markedly smaller on the outer half. Tube
about three and a half times as long as wide with pecten and hairs as
before. Anal segment broadly plated, the ventral brush confined to
the barred area. Comb a triangular patch of spines about three rows
deep.

Stage /F.— (IT. XVHI, Fig. 3.) Head pale brown, the eyes
transverse ; antennae moderate, the tuft at the middle, the basal half
pale, the outer half smaller and infuscated. Thoracic hairs numerous,
rather short, from infuscated tubercles ; abdominal hairs slight, single
posteriorly. Tube four times as long as wide, pale brown, gently
ta])ering on the outer half, the pale double pecten (Fig. 3, A') followed
by a few long hairs. Anal segment completely ringed, a few spines
on the posterior half dorsally, tuft and brush normal, the latter con-
fined to the barred area. Comb a triangular patch of little spines
four rows deep.

Pupa. — Normal, air tube slender, cylindrical, curved, rather long
and not funnel-shaped.

Coretha brakeleyi Coquillcft.

This larva has been referred to by Dr. John B. Smith (Can. Ent.,
XXXIV, 139, 1902) and by myself (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V, 50,
1902). The specimens from which the figure (PI. XIX, Fig. i)
was made were received from Dr. Smith, who, with Mr. J. Turner
Brakeley, is originally responsible for the association of larva and adult.
I have recently been able to confirm their work by breeding larvae
kindly sent me by Mr. Brakeley.

Decxgcl DyAR: LARV.E OF NORTH AMERICAN CULICID.^. 201

The larva is in general of a culicid type, breathing air by a normal
air tube and furnished with hair tufts. The peculiarly shaped antennee
suggest a predaceous habit.
Corethra trivittata Loeio.

This larva (i'l. XIX, Fig. 2) resembles that of C. plumicornis as
fiRured by Westwood (Int. Class. Ins., II, 3^5, 1840, Fig. 124, 12
and . , ) It is not of a culicid type, but resembles the Cheironomids.
It has no air tube and never comes to the surface, taking air from the
water through the body walls. The head has a peculiar projection m
front from which depends a double hook (Fig. 2, C), which seems to
be the antenna. It is used for seizing prey, as the larva is predaceous.
The thorax is swollen, the segments consolidated and contains a pair
of curved air bubbles ; a similar smaller pair is situated in the seventh
abdominal segment. Abdomen smooth, without hairs, gradually taper-
ing behind, almost perfectly transparent. Anal segment with two
dorsal hairs and a large ventral brush composed of single barbuled
hairs, not tufts ; four anal finger-shaped processes.

The pupa is shown side and front views (Fig. 2, D and h). it
remains upright in the water or resting on the bottom very rarely
coming to the surface. Larv^ in dirty marshes. Center Harbor, New
Hampshire. EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate XVL
Fi, I LarvaofC«/.x.«W.«./.THEOB., stage IV. ^,oneof the pecten teeth
of the af; tube enlarged ; B, the lateral comb of the eighth abdominal segment enlarged.
Fig. 2. Larva of Culex atropalpus CoQ., stage IV.
Fig. 3. Larva of Culex sylvestris Theob., stage IV.

Plate XVIL
Fig. I. Larva of ^^^/^'.^/"^^"jO.-S., stage IV.
Fig. 2. Larva of Culex sollicitans Walk., stage IV.
Fig. 3. Larva of Culex pipiens LiNN., stage IV.

Plate XVIII.
Fig. I. Larva of Culex melanurus CoQ., stage IV.
Fig. 2. Larva of Culex dyari Coo., stage. IV.
Fig. 3. Larva of Culex restuans Theoh., stage IV.

Plate XIX.

Yis. I. I^2.xv2i0{ Corethra brakeleyiCoQ.

Fil 2. Larva of C.;.//^.a.rn.V..^.LoEW. ^, iBature larva, s.dev.ew ;^, the
same, back view; C, head of larva, side view, enlarged,; the mouth parts m part
opened ; D, pupa, ventral view ; E, the same, side view.

202 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS ETHMIA WITH DE-
SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

The North American species now referred to the genus Ethmia
{Fsecadia) may be separated by the following:

Synopsis of Species.

1. Yore wing black with white discal ray albistrigella

Fore wing not black 2

2. Abdomen with basal segment blackish, the rest ocherous, unspotted 3

Abdomen ocherous or fuscous, the basal segment concolorous 4

3. Fore wing gray with four or five black dots fuscipedella

Fore wing with black streaks and dashes monticola

4. Fore wing with a narrow white shade separating the costal gray portion from the

lighter inner portion 5

Fore wing with uniform ground color, the shade not defined 7

5. This shade interrupted by two black spots 6

This shade not so interrupted mirusella

6. Lighter colored arctostaphy lei la

Darker colored obscurella

7. With many black streaks and dashes 8

With rounded spots, comparatively few or no dashes II

8. Abdomen ochraceous 9

Abdomen gray dorsally. COnfusella

9. Wings uniformly colored 10

Wings with costal half dark, inner half light semitenebrella

10. Fore wings darkly shaded discostrigella

Fore wings not darkly shaded subc£erulea

1 1 . Costal part of wing shaded with black or brown 12

Costal part white, at most with blackish irrorations 17

12. Costal shade with attached spots covering cell 13

Costal shade not covering cell, fused to the discal spots hagenella

13. Costal shade irregularly edged below, fused to spots 14

Costal shade sharply edged below, thrice excavate 16

14. Costal shade diluted, not continuous 15

Costal shade solidly brown semilugens

1 5 . Abdomen ochraceous josephinella

Abdomen pale grayish with tip ochraceous marmorea

16. Inner marginal area pure white trifurcella

Inner marginal area grayish irrorate semiombra

17. Fore wing with many blackish spots 18

T- • -.u 1 tu . f texanella

I- ore wing with only three spots { chambersella

Dec, 1902.1 DyAR : RiKVEW OF THE GeNUS EtHMIA. 203

18. Spots rounded, not produced into dashes apicipunctella

Many of the spots elongated into rounded dashes 19

19. Ground color of fore wing white throughout 20

Fore wing irrorate with black scales on costal third zelleriella

20. Larger ; two dashes and spot on outer half of wing centrally are separate.

longimaculella
Smaller; these dashes and spot joined into a long dash coranella -

In the following notes on individual species the references are
omitted as I have given them in Bulletin 52, U. S. National Museum,
which is now in press. The present paper, however, was begun after
the Bulletin was in type, so that the result of this work is not included.
Ethmia albistrigella JVa/s.

This species is very distinct with its black wings and narrow white
stripe. The dorsal plate of the male genitalia is broadly furcate, the
branches wide and rounded. The National Museum has specimens
from Placer Co., Cal., June (Koebele) ; Siskiyou Mts., 6,000 ft.
(coll. Walsingham) ; Palo Alto, Cal. (Dr. William Barnes) ; Los
Angeles, Cal. ( Coquillett), and Yosemite Valley, Cal. (Dyar).

Ethmia fuscipedella JFa/s.

This species is likewise unmistakable. The dorsal plate of the
male genitalia is broad, widely cleft at tip, the branches rounded. Our
localities are Ames, Iowa (Osborn ), and West Point, Neb.
Ethmia monticola IP'a/s.

A single specimen in poor condition from East Portland, Oregon,
May 25, 1 89 2 (Dyar), seems referable here.
Ethmia arctostaphylella JVa/s.

In the male the anal plate is moderately broad, curved over, the
broad points well separated and deeply, roundedly incised between.
Side pieces broadly strap-shaped, curved inwards and a little upwards.
Besides two specimens from Lord Walsingham's collection the National
Museum has one from San Bernardino, Cal. (Coquillett).

Ethmia obscurella Be///.

Indistinguishable from arctostaphylella except by the general darker
coloration. The male genitalia show no appreciable differences. We
have only Mr. Beutenmtiller's types.
Ethmia mirusella Chainb.

Psecadia albicostella Beut.

I have one worn specimen of mirusella from Lord Walsingham's
collection and Mr. Beutenmiiller's type of albicostella. I can see no

204 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

difference between them. . Mr. Beutenmiiller's type is, unfortunately,
a female, not a male, as stated in the original description, so I can-
not compare the genitalia. Those of iniriisella are peculiar. The
anal plate ends in a single tapering spine ; the side pieces are broad,
triangular, the upper angle bent in a rounded projection with four
coarse black spines below it.

Ethmia discostrigella Chamb.

Not uncommon in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Arizona
and southern California. The fore wings have the gray-white ground
color thickly overlaid with blackish scales, so that it only appears in
streaks along the lower edge of the cell, mixed with the short black
dashes. The male genitalia have the anal plate broad, rounded, con-
vex, bent down sharply from the base, broadly cleft at the tip, pale
brown and thin ; the side pieces are broadly triangular, curved in-
ward at the upper angle.

Huachuca Mts., Ariz., May 8-23 (Barnes); Glenwood Springs,
Col. (Barnes); Arizona (Morrison, Walsingham's coll.); Utah,
June (Koebele?) ; Los Angeles, Calif. (Coquillett) ; Monument Park,
Col., July 19, 1877 (Coll. C. V. Riley) ; Beulah, New Mex. (Cock-
erell) ; Fort Grant, Ariz. (Hubbard) ; Santa Clara [Col.?] June 27,
1875 (Wheeler survey) ; Manitou, Col., May 2, 1891 (Dyar) ; Cen-
tral City, Col. (Caudell) ; Sedalia, Col., June 15, 1901 (Dyar&Cau-
dell); foothills above Golden, Col., May 13, 1901 (Dyar & Caudell).

Ethmia semitenebrella, sp. nov.

Marked like discostrigella, the black streaks larger and more con-
spicuous, costal half of wing shaded in "blackish, inner half nearly
pure gray white. This is probably only a variety of the preceding.
The distribution is the same. The male genitalia do not differ. U.
S. Nat. Mus., type No. 6621.

Fort Grant, Ariz., July 20 (Hubbard) ; Colorado (coll. Beu-
tenmiiller) ; Huachuca Mts., Ariz., July 1-7 (Barnes) ; Glenwood
Springs, Col., July 24-30 (Barnes) ; Los Angeles, Calif., Aug. (Co-
quillett) ; Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., June 26 (Hubbard); Williams,
Ariz., Dept. Agric, No. 9450, July 31, 1901 (E. A, Schwarz).

Under the Department of Agriculture, Insectary number 9450,
Mr. Schwarz collected the larvre on Ccrcocarpus parvifolius. They
are of Pyralid shape, moderately slender, cylindrical, tapering a little
behind. Feet normal, the abdominal ones long and slender as in

Dec. 1902.] Dyar : Review of the Genus Ethmia. 20")

some Pterophorids. Head rounded, flattened before, held flatly,
rather thick and 'not markedly bilobed, apex in joint 2. Whitish,
thickly streaked with red brown over the sides and vertex, leaving the
face and a streak on the front of the lobe above broadly pale, enclos-
ing a brown dot at tubercle ii ; sutures of clypeus brown, mouth sor-
did. Body without cornified shields, the tubercles small, marked in
velvety black, ia + ib, iia + iib, iv + v on thorax, iv -f v on abdo-
men, vii of three distinct tubercles in a line. Broad whitish dorsal
and substigmatal bands, the dorsal one continuous on joints 2 to
13, the substigmatal one obsolete at the ends. Sides finely streaked
in blackish, largely transversely so, with traces of a pale subdorsal line
and containing large black spots on tubercles i, ii and iii ; subventer
blackish mottled but less distinctly than the sides and more diffusely ;
venter grayish shaded except between the feet. Feet all pale, the
thoracic ones brownish tinted. The larvae are in alcohol and I cannot
determine whether the general color when living was whitish or green-
ish. Mr. Schwarz does not recollect what the life habits of the larvae

Ethmia subcserulea IVa/s.

Near to discostrigella and perhaps only a local form of that species.
The bright gray ground color is only a little obscured by blackish
scales. The male genitalia are the same.

Blue Lake, Cal. (coll. Walsingham); San Berpardino, Cal.
(Coquillett); Cal. (coll. Beutenmiiller); Palo Alto., Cal. (Barnes).

Ethmia confusella Walk.

I identify six specimens from Key West, Florida, as this species.
The ground color is light gray with very numerous black dashes and
dots. The anal plate ends in a single spine. Side pieces broad,
rounded, curved inward at the ends, with a curved, thick spine at
upper angle, both this spine and the anal spine dark brown.

Ethmia josephinella, sp. nov.

Thorax rubbed, the patagia white. Fore wings ochraceous white, the costal
half shaded with brown in a dense irroration, its lower edge in the cell composed of
a number of large, rounded, confluent spots and a spot on vein 4, above which a pro-
jection runs out almost to the margin ; four spots below the median vein, somewhat
diffuse, and a patch of scales about the middle of the inner margin ; a row of terminal
dots. Hind wing pale, semitranslucent, dark at tip. Abdomen ochraceous. Ex-
panse, 24 mm.

206 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL x.

One male, Dripping Spring, Organ Mts., New Mexico (Cockerell).
U. S. Nat. Mus., type No. 6622.

The ornamentation is much as in hagenella, but more confused.
It also much resembles^, mannorea, but the genitalia differ markedly.
The anal plate ends in a single spine, curved downward ; side pieces
strap-shaped, curved inward and a little upward, all pale testaceous.

Ethmia marmorea ]VaIs.

In the male genitalia the anal plate is short without central spine,
but a long, curved, hair-shaped one at each angle. The side pieces
are short, curved inward with a strongly chitinized, finely dentate,
black, angulated inner edge that is characteristic and conspicuous.
None of the other species of the genus that I have seen have any-
thing like this structure.

Ariz. (coll. C. V. Riley); Glenwood Springs, Col., Aug. 1-15
(Barnes); Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Aug. 8-15 (Karnes); Oregon
(coll. Beutenmiiller).

Ethmia semilugens Zell.

Ancsycliia multipiinctella Chami;.

Psecadia seiniopaca Grote.

Psecadia pliimbeella Beut.

Grote's description of semiofaca tallies exactly with specimens of
semilugens. Beutenmiiller's type o{ plionbeclla is before me and is
only a soiled specimen of normal semilugens ; the plumbeous color is
obviously not natural. In the male the anal plate is furcate, the
spines separate, parallel, curved down, rather remote. Side pieces
strap-shaped, curved inward and upturned, all pale testaceous.

Texas (coll. Beutenmiiller) ; Kerrville, Tex., April (Barnes) ;
Tex. (Belfrage).

Ethmia trifurcella Chanih.

I have not seen this species, but Mr. August Busck has made notes
on the type which he has kindly loaned me. It is very much like the
following, but with the color on lower half of wing pure white.

Ethmia semiombra, sp. nov.

Head and thorax pale gray, palpi with a black ring on second joint and two on
the last joint ; a brown dash on posterior verte.v of head. Fore wing with the costal
part brown, the internal part pale gray, dusted with brownish scales. Limiting line
sharp, free of dusting scales, the brown thrice excavated, with a dot in the second and
third excavations, that in the second small and before the middle, that in the third

Dec.,i902.] Dyar : Review OF THE Genus Ethmia. 207

large and centrally situated. The brown color fades toward the costa, partially de-
taching three brown, rounded dashes in a curved line ; a rounded apical patch of pale
gray ; a terminal row of dots. Hind wings and abdomen brown. Expanse, 20 mm.

Two females, San Diego, Texas, June 12, 1895 (E. A. Schwarz) ;
Brownsville, Texas, June 20, 1895 (C. H, T. Townsend). U. S.
Nat. Mus., type No. 6623.
Ethmia hagenella Oiamb.

The anal plate of the male appears to end in a single spine ; side
pieces broadly strap-shaped, very strongly curved upward, when closed,
covering the end of the abdomen.

Texas (Chambers' type) ; Tex. (coll. Beutenmiiller) ; Bennet Co.,
Tex., March 8, 1891 (Webster).

Ethmia apicipunctelia Cliamb.

I have not seen this species. Mr. Busck's sketch of the type shows
it allied to longiinaculella and zelleriella, but with more rounded, less
elongated spots and apparently a different arrangement. The size is
as in coranella.
Ethmia coranella, sp. nov.

Type of maculation of longiinaculella, but the dash below cell, spot at end and
dash beyond fused into a long bar that reaches the margin. Above this dash and
below costal edge are six elongated spots, the last one a basal dash, reaching the costa
at base ; a spot on fold at base, three spots between fold and inner margin and a
rounded one below the center of the long dash ; a terminal row of dots. Hind wings
white. Expanse, 18 mm.

Three males, Kerrville, Texas (Barnes); Shovel Mt., Texas, June
16-23 (Barnes). U. S. Nat. Mus., type No. 6624.

In the male the anal plate is short and ends in a single, down-
wardly curved spine, rather slender and pale colored. Side pieces
convex, broad, rounded, excavate below with a brush of several stiff
spines arising from the excavation and directed transversely.

Ethmia longimaculella Chamb.

Psecadia walsinghamella Beut.

I have but one male specimen of this species and that has lost
the abdomen. West Virginia ( Beutenmiiller' s type) ; Kentucky
(Chambers' type) ; Plattsburgh, N. Y., June 21 and 26, 1888
(Dyar).

Ethmia zelleriella Chamb.

Hypo no /lieu la texanella Chamb.

I have no male specimen. Our only locality is Texas (Belfrage).

li()8 JoUKN.M, Nl.W \'()KK lv\ rO.Mol.OClCAI, SoClKI'Y. [\'ol. X.

lithmia texanella Chaiiil'.
/<]tliiiii(t (■liiunl>nsrl/ii 1)var.

( ,'li;uiil)ors described Ancsycliia fc.\aiicl/a on page 179 of the Joiirii.
( 'incimiati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. II, and llypoiioniriifa Icxaiiclla on
page 180. Uolli species prove toH)el(Mig tQ I'llliiiiiii 'AWiX tlie latter is
;i synonym of A', zrllfriclla^ leaving tln' former, earlier name valid.
In l)ull. 52, If. S. Nat. Miis., I wrongly (piotcd the later Awvc/zc/Aj' as
page 2 inslcad of i.So (an c-rror due to llu' use of the separately ])aged
copy insk-ad of the full volume and which escaped correction), which
caused me to proposi- a new name for the earlier tiwanclla su|)posing
il lobe later and inv.ilid. 1 have a single specimen, without label,
which I attribuU; to this species, but which may possibly not be the
same. If not, Ihe name (liaiiihcrsrlla can be used for it. It is white,
dusU-d with brown scales, which form a dot in the cell, one at end of
cell and a large one half way between these on the submedian fold ;
an indistinct submarginal powdering and terminal row of smalf dots.
I\\pansc, .'.{) nnn. ; one fcmak', in poor < ondition. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
type No. <^)(^)25.

A NEW YPONOMEUTA.
r.v IIakkison (1. Dyak.
Ypononicutii ;il<>m<>cell;i, sp. n<)\ .

I'iil|ii wliilc, sccoiiil jiiiiil \vi(!i \i\m\ (lol. (liiid lihuk ; tlioiax wliilc, two l)lack
.^pots liclorc on disk and two Ixliitid. l''ore wiuj^ white vvitli many l)lai:k spots ai-
iiiii^jcd iirci^uliiriy in lour Km^itudinid rows, conl'iiscd beyond llic coll and with a
row of dots around tlic niarj^in ; IVinffo red-I>rown. llind winj^s and under side uni-
I'ornily red l)rown. lA't:;s wiiite, fore legs hnj^ely i)hick, middle tibi;v banded with
bhuk. Expanse, iS mm.

Two specimens, one labelled " r,eHaron," the other '' Texas,
coll. J. H. .Smith." The fust specimen is also labelled by Kiley
^^ J'sri(i<//(i (iti>iiios('lhi Kiley MS." and another slip written by /eller,
( )ct()ber, I1S71, stating that the specimen is, in his opinion, not a
Hyf'oiioiiictita but -a PsccaJid ; but in this 1 cannot concur. I am
pleased, however, to adopt I )r. Riley's manuscript specilu" name.
U. S. Nat. Mus., ty|)e No. ()()i |.

Dec, I902.] Banks: Si.kki'ini; Haiuis ov Hvmknoi'Iira. '_'()<)

SLEEPING HABITS OP^ CERTAIN HYMEN-
OPTERA.

By Nai'han Banks.

'I'he various means by wliich insects rest have l)cen hut little in-
vestigated. Occasional notes have been ])ul)lishe(l, but often in con-
nection with other matter, so that it is extremely difficult to collate
the recorded facts. Since the Hymenoptera are among the most
assiduous, as well as the most intelligent workers, it is natural that they
should exhibit some interesting habits of sleep. The idea that the bee
sleeps in the flower seems to have invaded literature at an early date.
And there are a number of bees that commonly do remain in llowers
(such as those of cucurbits and cami>anulas) all night. Whether this
is a natural rest has not, I think, been considered, It may be that the
insect remains, because, when ready to depart, it finds that it cannot
see. The resting or sleeping hal)its of ants have been treated by vari-
ous writers. That certain bees and fossorial Hymenoptera rest under
])eculiar conditions appears to have been known for many years, but 1
cannot trace out much literature on the subject. An article by Mr.
K. A. Schwarz, referred to below, seems to be the mo.st extensive ])ai)er
published on this phase of insect sleep.

(^ne July evening last summer, while engaged in wheeling the baby
(another one this time) through some tall grass in the corner of my
yard, 1 noticed an Aimnophila attached to a grass-stem in the |)eculiar
attitude shown in the accomjianying figure. In a moment I S'W
another, and soon found that I had invaded the sleeping (piarters of
several dozen Animophilas. While looking at various specimens I
noticed two species of bees, which Mr. Ashmead (who has kindly
named all the Hymenoptera) informs me are Epeoliis >ri>it\ujl/ts and
Mclissodcs biniaciilala, attached to the grass-stems and evidently asleep.
Although it was not yet dark these insects were easily caught by sim|>ly
placing a vial over them. In walking around I discovered asj/ecimen
of Mvziiie fastened to the stem of a wild onion |)lant, in the manner
described below. The Aininophilas proved to belong to two spec ies,
and on a later evening I took a third form. So that here were six
species of Hymenoptera representing three widely separate genera
using a small patch of grass as their sleeping cpiarters. Night after
night I examined this patch and found the same species, ;ilthough

210

Journal New York Entomological Society,

[Vol. X.

they gradually became less numerous, and the two bees entirely dis-
appeared, owing, doubtless, to my capturing several and disturbing
others by my unbecoming curiosity.

The Hymenoptera registering at the hotel were as follows :

Atiuiiflphila picfipcnnis ^^'alsh, many specimens.

Auimohliila vulgaris Cress., next in numbers.

Ainmophila urnaria Klug, two only observed.

Epeo/iis rei/iii^ati/s Fabr. , three or four for several nights.

Alelissodcs bimaculata St. Farg., three or four for several nights.

Myziue sexcincta Fabr., one or two nearly every night.

The three species of Anniiophila slept in the position figured. The
mandibles grasped the grass-stem very tightly, yet in no case did they
])ierce the tissue. The wings were folded, one o\er the other, and the

Ainmophila piclipci7nii, asleep.

tij) rested on the highest point of the abdomen. The legs were tlexed
at the fenioro-tibial articulation, and rested on the grass stem. The
hind pair of legs diverged at an angle of about 35° to 40°. In the
evening the posterior abdominal segments moved back and forth in a
telescopic way. But as the insect became sound asleep all motion
ceased, and by 9 o'clock I could take a wasp off with my fingers and
drop it in a bottle before it woke up. They came every evening be-
tween 7 and 8 o'clock and were gone before 5 o'clock in the morning.
When a wasp came it did not at once attach itself, but flew about a
while, often resting on the grass-heads or leaves. Frequently after
attaching itself, it left to try some more suitable spot. They rarely

Dec.,i902.j Banks: Sleeping Habits of Hymenoptera. 211

slept upon the grass-heads, but usually about one third the way to the
ground. No particular direction was observed. Occasionally there
was some variation, but not very prominent. Several times I observed
an A. pictipciinis, with the hind pair of legs extended backward. The
position of the antenncE varied, but was usually as figured, one on each
side of the stem. In no case did I find more than one specimen
attached to the same grass-stem.

The two species of bees {Epcolus and Afe/issodes) bit into the grass-
stem in the same way as the Aiiiinophila, and all six legs clasped the
stem, so that the head was up and the body close to the stem. In one
case a Melissodes utilized a grass-leaf instead of a stem, doing so for
several nights in succession. Only a few specimens were seen each
night, and several were taken for identification. The abdomen of
these bees pulsates in the same way as that of the Ammophila, until
they are asleep.

The sleeping specimens of Myzine sexcincta were all males. Each
was attached to the stem of a wild onion plant close to the seed-head ;
the venter upward, and the legs clasping the seed-head. The body
was nearly horizontal, and the wings folded close to the abdomen.
In one case a Myzine used an orchard grass head instead of wild onion.
They were more shy than the other Hymenoptera, and it was several
nights before I succeeded in taking one.

Why this particular set of Hymenoptera should select this patch of
grass for their sleeping quarters is not evident to me. The patch in
question was of about loo square yards, irregular in outline, and traversed
by a narrow path. There were very few flowers in the grass-patch ;
the grass was chiefly of two kinds, timothy and orchard, with plenty of
wild onion intermixed. Beyond the fence was a field of rye which
had been cut about a week before I had noticed the sleeping aculeates.
Perhaps they had slept in the rye before it was cut. Near my yard on
the other side were two large gardens. In view of what Professor and
Mrs. Peckham have discovered regarding the habits of Ammophila in
a bean patch, it may be that these wasps were busy during the day in
the adjoining gardens and repaired at night to this patch of grass to
rest and dream of big caterpillars. I examined many fields in the
vicinity where there were splendid places for sleeping, but the wasps
did not use them. I can only conjecture that one wasp, choosing its
sleeping quarters, is observed and followed by others, until a, certain
place obtains a reputation for hospitality and seclusion. It will be

212 JdiKNAi. \E\\ York Ento^ioioi.ical Society. [Voi. x.

interesting to discover if the same species of Hymenoptera will fre-
quent the place another year.

My acquaintance with the inmates of this hostelry aroused a desire
to learn more of the slee ing habits of other Hymenoptera, and excur-
sions in the vicinity for that pun ose were not unproductive, although
I did not find another such aggregation of species. In a field not far
distant there were many wild carrots or lace flowers in bloom. Every
evening one could find a few specimens of Bombiis americanorum
clinging by its legs to the unde- side of the flower-head, back down.
It did not use the mandibles. The specimens did not use any par-
ticular pan > f the field, but were widely scattered. Another evening,
while destroying a rail fence in the search for Psocidoe, I came across a
tiny male specimen of Cerccris keuiiicotti resting under a loose piece of
rail. Later I found a few specimens of Halictiis ligatus and Odynerus
conformis ash ejj on grass-heads in an adjoining field. They were only
for two nights, and were not in numbers.

Mr. Schwarz has kindly told me of a case observed by Mr. Barber
and himself in New Mexico. At Las Vegas Hot Springs they saw
five or six specimens df a bee, Amegilla smitJiii Cress., asleep and
clinging by their mandibles to a grass-stem. It was on the 13th of
August, and early in the evening, still light enough to collect. The
specimens taken wt re all males.

When I began observations on these insects the paper of Mr.
Schwarz was all that was known to me, and inquiry failed to develop
anything further. However, I made .several explorations into ento-
mological literature which show that my observations are not new.
Below I have brought together what I have found recorded, which
may save others much search.

Mr. Schwarz in his paper, "Sleeping Trees of Hymenoptera"
(Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington, IV, pp. 24-26, 1896), gives an enter-
taining description of the sleeping habits of several Texan bees.

Briefly, Mr. Schwarz found that ui)on certain trees, or rather large
shrubs, a number of bees gathered nightly to sleep. He observed
that these bushes differed in nowise from others nearby unused by
insects. 'I'he species were Melissodes pygmcBus and drlioxys texanus.
They grasped the twig with all six legs, and the mandibles firmly
inserted in the wood.

Mr. Cresson, in his paper on Hymenoptera Texana (Trans. Amer.
Entom. Soc, IV, 1872, p. 201), states that Belfrage said that Scolia

Dec, I902.] Banks: Sleeping Habits of Hymenoptera. 213

lecontei rests " during the night and chilly weather in clusters closely
attached to the stems of grass and plants." Again in his paper on
the Hymenoptera of Cuba (Proc. Entom. Phila., 1865, p. 88),
Mr. Cresson says that Professor Poey informs him that Melissa rufipes
" retires to a bush to sleep ; it seizes a branch with its mandibles and
places itself in a horizontal position, the back turned towards the
ground." This resembles the habit of Myzine sexcincta.

Professor Cockerell (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May, 1900, p. 413)
records finding Antliidiiim ptrpictiim " resting on stems of grass in dull
weather."

E. E. Green (Entom. Mo. Mag., 1899, p. 214) says that a speci-
men of a bee, Crocisa raiiiosa, roosted for several nights on a twig.
It clasped the end of the twig in its jaws, and slept soundly. The
legs were folded close against the body, which is extended almost
horizontally.

Saunders (Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Islands, p. 308)
says oi Chelosfoma, a bee: "The male usually spends its nights
curled up in flowers, but Smith says that at other times he has observed
them hanging to blades of grass by their mandibles ' suspending them-
selves in a horizontal position with their hind legs stretched out in a
line with their bodies.' " Some of these were killed by chloroform
and remained attached after death.

In the Proc. Cambridge Entom. Club, Oct. 9, 1874 (Psyche, II,
pp. 40, 41), it is recorded that Mr. Scudder showed a specimen of
" Ammophila gryphus ? which rests at night by seizing a blade of grass
with its jaws and holding itself extended either with or without the
use of its middle and hind feet. * * >!= Many specimens were seen at
different times acting in this manner." The specimen is figured in
Morse's First Book of Zoology, p. 94, Fig. 91.

Mr. Mann, at the same meeting, said that in June, 1872, he found
a wasp ( Odynerits .?) which had seized hold of the end of an oak twig
with its jaws. It was just at sunset. Mr. Mann also called attention
to a note by Mr. Sanbotn in the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, p.
98, upon an Ammophila gryphus ? which was clasping a small oak twig
with its mandibles and feet. He also called attention to a statement
in Westwood's Modern Class. Insects, II, p. 136, where it is said
that Latreille wrote that at night or during cloudy weather Fcenus
jaculator "fix themselves by their jaws to the stalks of different
plants."

214 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol x.

There are doubtless other records, but sufficient has been given to
show that various bees and fossorial Hymenoptera have curious sleep-
ing habits. The exposed position and the use of the mandibles are
very remarkable. That a bee or wasp can support its body horizontally
all night by the jaws alone seems almost beyond belief. It would seem
to indicate that their sleep is of an hypnotic sort. A great majority
of the known cases are males. ^Vhere do the ladies sleep ? Again
why do different genera associate at the same hotel? Indeed the
observations lead to dozens of puzzling questions whose solutions can
only be found by t'uture field ob.servations.

BORING NOCTUID LARV^.

Bv Henry Bird.

Self-preservation being one of nature's primary laws would incline
us to believe that a boring, and consequently hidden larva, had
selected a strategic j)Osition far ahead of the exposed feeders, and that
we might e.xpect to find them or their imagoes as pred> mina ing
species. The act of boring doubtless dates back to the earliest larval
conditions and with our Noctuids many still cling to this trait, though
it is subject to various modifications. But when it comes to finding
the imagoes of the more astute borers, at large in nature, we simply
do not find them, and attention has to be directed to their larva?,
where more prolific results await us. Here there are many evidences
at hand that would tend to disprove anv theories of a charmed or
undisturbed existence, and a host of facts sufficiently divergent to
interest us become apparent, so that hypothetical lines may be dropped
to await a better information. Among the more important Noctuids
belonging to the Agrotid and allied classes, a more or less universal
habit of burrowing in the ground by day or seeking a similar seclusion
under convenient objects, reflects perhaps a retention of ancestral
propensities. Certainly one species, not far removed here, Macro-
noctiia oiiusta, can claim distinction to being a full-fledged borer, and
the heavy Nociuid pattern points back surely to an early type. Y t
the larva shows a very full line of develoj^ment and constitutes a good
exami)le of what we may expect of such conditions. A general infor-

Dec, 1902.]

BiuD : Boring Noctuid Larv.i-:. -1-^

nation of this species seems lacking, which should no. be, as .t
widely distributed and cou,n>on, if sough, arigh. I.s d-o-JV ^'
Rye happened as one of .hose pleasant surprises wh.ch ever awau ,he
borer investigator and which, a. the sa.ne .ime, often proves how much
of our famibar surroundings are still in the dark ,0 us. 1" 'he ^-"^^^
„d later the roots, of In. r..uo,.; .hese larva, thr.ve, and alth gh
.he fact had been chronicled by Dr. Thaxter years ago, '- ■ orma
tion seemed .0 have been overlooked and a la.er reference to german
lilv" did no. assist. The species is slow in ma.urmg, rnnn.ng well
through .he summer in the completion of its larval stages and ,s
afflic.ed by a more senons s'a.e of parasitism than any o.her known to
u The moth emerges in September (if your supply of larv»= were
sufficien.ly .tumero s perhaps yo , can use .he plural m speakmg o
your imag..es), and furnishes a striking if no. handsome example o
our na.ive owlets. Its cylindrical, smooth, sem,-.rans ucent arva well
re, res n.s wha. we have .0 expec. of .he .rue borers, for perforce .hey
cam.:, have furry coa.s, nor humps nor horns, which help us so mt,ch
in dis.inguishing some o.hers. Such characters appear as of protec-
ve or repellant benefit and with the Heliothu.ii whose larva, br.rrow
nseedpo'ds or capsules, in some of the few cases known, a^ colored
and str ped in such manner as to give protective results. Wha. mcer
nl rTcan there be than he mature A,a,-ia pru/. larva bes.de ,ts
pay consumed seed vesicle ? If this larva ha. M*otographed the
CO r of its surroundings," wha. can we say of .he young Gor.yn.
wt are .he .rue aristo, rats of the boring fra.erni.y ? Here ^e ma..,r
borers come u.rder .he conventional sem.transparent class, but ,n early
l,fe shows contrasting colors in the form of longi.t.d.nal s.r.pes wh ch
.op abruprly at its .triddle. It would look as though the.r ancestors
may have liv'ed within son.e encrcling protection while the ex.rem,t,es
were left exposed. The larva of the common bag-worm, shows, on
Tt expo ed thoracic joints, lines quite snrrilar to those of t„e yo.tng
Gortyn^e and it s w.thn. bounds to bel eve the latter possess thetr s

from a like exposure. . i „„^i

The Nonagrid and o.her par.ly aquatic forms work.ng ,n reeds and
water plants offer most in.eres.ing study and are in need of much
Trther scrutiny. An unrecorded note of the extreme s or ness o^^
pupal stage, in Nomgria oHo„ga, may be favorable .nformat.on of the
Tpel:, :s 'it is natural .o desire quick reali.a.ions after .l^e 'rot, le of
the breeding cage. From seven to nine days was the reco.d cf ,.,,e

216 Journal New York En' iomological Socieiy. [Voi. x.

brood, the new pupa shell with its great clypeal spur seems scarcely to
get thoroughly hardened before the imago is ready to burst forth.

For an examination of tubercles and the specially developed i)ro-
tective plates, Achatodes zcif. furnishes a good delineation. A record
of the species from the middle West, stating the pupa was formed
within the burrows, when boring Sainhuciis, is quite the reverse of
what occurs in this locality where the pypa is always formed in the
ground.

After passing the representative borers there are still others that bur-
row or mine in their various food substances. Some, like Scof>closoma,
only do so in their earliest stages.

Whatever attraction boring larv;e may have for the collector or
student, one point worth remembering is the prevalent localization
that necessarily exists with many of the species, so that unfamiliar
territory will cjuite often disclose an unexpected guest, perchance
some coveted rarity.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MALLOPHAGA "
FROM NEBRASKA.

By M. a. Carriker, Jr.

(Plates XX-XXII.)

For a number of years the writer has been greatly interested in the
study of ornithology, and having in the meantime begun the study of
entomology, he naturally became interested in the insect ])arasites of
birds, namely, the group known as Malloi)haga. In addition to the
writer's own collection he has had access to that of the University of
Nebraska and also to the private collections of Professor Lawrence
Bruner and J. C. Crawford, Jr. I wish to express my thanks to the
owners of these collections for their use and especially to Profes,sor
Vernon L. Kellogg, of Leland Stanford University, Cal., for his kind-
ness in looking over the manuscript and drawings before publication,
and for his helpful suggestions, most of which have been followed out.
The types and co-types from which these forms were described are
located as follows : In the University of Nebraska collection are types
of Ninnus trimarginis, Nirimis biocellatiis var. iUi:;ropiLtits, Nirmiis
u'l'^i/sti/roiis, Colpocephaltiin qiiaiirimacitlati/s, Autzschia piilicaris var.

Dei:..,902-j Cakrikfr: New Mallophaga. 217

tibialis, co-type Akidoproctus kelloggi. In the collection of J. C.
Crawford, Jr., are the types of Ninmis truncaius var. magnocephalus
and Akidoproctus kelloggi. In the collection of Professor V. L.
Kellogg are co-types of Akidoproctus kelloggi, Nitzschia pulicaris var.
tibialis and Nirmus angustifrons. In my own collection are types
of Docophonis cephalosiis, Nirmus iufrequens, Physostomum picturatus,
co-types of Nirmus truitcatus var. maguocephalus, Nirmus trimarginis,
Niruuis biocellatus var. nigropictus, Nirmus angustifrons, Akidoproctus
kelloggi, Nitzschia pulicaris var. tibialis.
Docophorus cephalosus, sp. nov.

/,;v;/a/,'. — Body, length 1. 55 mm., width .68 mm , deep smoky brown through-
out with darker markings, body short, head large, wider than the abdomen, and
ta[)eiing sharply to the narrow, truncate clypeus ; abdomen nearly obscured by the
deep chestnut lateral blotches.

Head, length .57 mm., width .72 mm.; wider than the abdomen, tapering
sharply from the rounded temples to the comparatively narrow clypeus; front trun-
cate, slightly concave ; tip of clypeus colorless, with two short marginal and two
dorsal hairs at the lateral angles; one short hair near the clypeal suture and two
behind it; trabecule large, slightly curving and bluntly pointed; antennje* short
and stout, first two joints longest, remainder short and subequal ; eyes prominent, ob-
scured with brownish, with a short hair ; a notch at the posterior angle of the eye ;
temples broad and rounded with two rather short pustulated hairs; occipital margin
deeply concave ; antennal bands heavy to the suture, where they are broken, then
continuing to the clear portion of clypeus as narrow marginal bands ; the posterior
portions bend inward at the trabecule and meet over the mandibles ; a short ocular
band from base of antenna; to eye ; temples narrowly margined with blackish-brown,
shading inward; occipital bands slightly darker than ground color, running to base
of the mandibles, where a curving branch is sent off to join the ocular blotch just
before the eye ; a transverse clear band just behind the heavy curving antennal bands.

Prothorax short, almost hexagonal, with a short hair at the posterior angles ;
heavy blackish-brown lateral bands ; median portion slightly clearer than ground
color of head. Metathorax about as long as prothorax ; sides slightly concave,
broadly diverging ; posterior angles with two rather short hairs, posterior margm
angulated on the abdomen, with a row of about nine pustulated hairs on each side ;
whole segment deep blackish-brown.

Abdomen short, "nearly as wide as long, widest at third and fourth segments,
thence tapering sharply to the tip ; posterior angles protruding, with one hair in
segments i, 2, 4, and 9, the remainder with two; segments I-7, with large deep
smoky-brown lateral bands, completely covering the first segment and separated
medially on the remainder by a narrow clear space; the posterior margins of the
lateral bands with from six to nine short hairs arising from large clear pustules, eighth
segment with a median lighter portion ; ninlh segment very small and rounded.

*On account of the haste in the preparation of drawings the antennae were
omitted.

21 S Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Legs short nnd stout, coiicolorous with liead, witli slight anmilations at the tip
of the femora and tihia.\

The male differs from the female by being longer, the head narrower, the
abdomen narrower, with sides subparallel and tip broadly rounded ; the first seg-
ment of the abdomen is wider than the rest with sharply projecting posterior angles,
the metathorax with a median clear portion, abdomen being completely obscured by
the continuous lateral bands which on the first and second segments are ]nistulated as
in the female but the remainder have not more than four small pustules, the suture
between the eighth and ninth is clear, while the lip of the ninth is dusky with
numen.)us small pustules; the genital honks are very long, though not exceedingly
heavy, e.xtending from posterior portion of third segment to lip of abdomen.

It measures: body, length 1.67 mm., width .52 mm., head, length .56 mm.,
width .64 mm.

Several males and females collected from a Red-shafted Flicker
{Cola/'frs cafer) shot at Lincoln, Neb., Nov. 3, 1900. This new
form has little resemblance to any species of this genus yet described
from any of the Fici. It is easily recognized by the short body and
wide, abruptly tapering head.
Nirmus truncatus var magnocephalus, var. nov. (PI. XX, Fig. 4. )

Fn'niale. — Length 1. 7 mm., widlli .54 mm.; deep fuscous throughout, with
darker margins on head, thorax and alidomen ; head conical in front, broadly and
S(junrely truncate ; metathorax long and nearly parallel sided ; abdomen subclavate.

Head, length .46 mm., width .31 mm.; front conical, broadly truncate, with
sides straight and lateral angles of clypeus rounded and having five short dorsal hairs ;
two short dorsal hairs in front of the trabecuLe ; ocular emargination deep ; trabecuke
pale, pointed and equal to the first segment of the antennic ; antennas slender, tlie
second segment the longest, equal to the third and fourth combined, last three subei|ual
and darker than the first two; eye prominent, convex, colorless, wdth a strong hair ;
temples llattened, narrowing posteriorly, with two long hairs ; occipital margin slightly
concave, narrowly margined with dark brown ; a clear transverse band along the
clypeal suture ; antenna! bands narrow, scarcely darker than the ground color of the
head ; a blackish blotch at the base of the trabecuire ; a larger and darker ocular
blotch ; temples narrowly margined with blackish, while the whole temple is a deep
fuscous from the margin inward to the occipital bands, which are narrow, brownish,
and terminate at tlie ocular blotch ; mandibles chestnut ; a lanceolate, fuscous occip-
ital signature.

Prothorax (piadrilateral ; anterior angles and sides rounded ; posterior angles with
a long pustulated hair ; anterior angles and lateral margins deeply bordered with
brownish, which extends for a short distance around on the posterior margin ; the
coxal lines showing through plainly. Metathorax longer than prothorax, with a
median, lateral emargination, and but slightly diverging sides ; posterior margin
transverse, with four or five long hairs having large pustules; lateral and posterior
sides heavily margined with deep brown, almost a chestnut, while the whole segment
is darker than the rest of the body.

I-egs long, the two posterior pairs very stout, especiallv the femora.

Dec.,i902.] Carriker : New Mallophaga. 219

The abdomen distinctly clavate, vvidest at the fifth and sixth segments, and
bluntly rounded by the last three ; posterior angles projecting, with one long hair,
except the last three segments which have two ; segments one to seven narrowly
margined with blackish-brown, shading inward, and extending into the adjacent an-
terior segment ; the spiracles showing as prominent clear spots just within the dark
lateral bands ; the interior portion heavily obscured by dark brown transverse bands,
slightly clearer at the sutures and partially divided medially by a pale longitudinal
line except on the eighth and ninth segments ; ninth segment flatly convex and uni-
formly brown ; a transverse row of about seven short, slightly pustulated hairs in the
median portion of each segment except the last.

Four females collected from a Wilson's snipe (yGallinago delicaia)
(Ord.) by J. C. Crawford, Jr., Lincoln, Neb. and one female
from a skin of Franklin's Gull (^Larus franklini), which may have
been a straggler. My specimens differ considerably in many details
from Piaget's description and figure. The total length is about the
same but the head is markedly larger, while the metathorax is nearly
parallel sided instead of diverging, and on the whole if not deserving
specific rank it is at least a well-marked variety.

Nirmus biocellatus, var. nigropictus, var. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. i.)

Female. — Length 2. 15 mm., width .6 mm.; pale, with bold blackish-brown mark-
ings on head, thorax and abdomen ; the antennal bands together with the internal
bands forming a clear parallelogram on each side of the head.

Head, length .51 mm., width .55 mm.; broadly parabolic in front and naked ;
temples parallel with one weak hair and two short bristles ; occiput slightly concave.
Antennal bands heavy, running forward to the margin of the narrow, clear oral
groove, the posterior ends bending in at trabeculse and meeting the broad brown occip-
ital bands ; narrower internal bands run forward from the bend of the antennal band,
parallel to the sides of the head, to the margin of the oral groove then parallel to it to
the end of the head, where they again join the antennal bands, forming a clear
parallelogram on each side of the longitudinal oral groove ; temples narrowly edged
.with blackish ; a short ocular band joining templar and antennal bands ; a brown,
oval, occipital signature ; trabecule; short and uncolored ; antenna with first segment
clear, the remainder broadly annulated with blackish.

Prothorax very short, margined laterally with blackish ; a hair at the posterior
angles. Metathorax short but broader than first segment of the abdomen ; sides very
broadly diverging ; posterior margin angulated, with six weak hairs on each side ;
anterior angles with a dark blotch and posterior margin with a broad black band.
Legs short, rather stout, femora and tibiee broadly margined anteriorly with black.

Abdomen elongate oval, abruptly pointed posteriorly ; posterior angles protruding,
with one weak hair ; segments with lateral blackish blotches extending inward one
third the width of the abdomen, separated by broad clear sutures and narrowing and
lightening inwardly ; lateral blotches with two large, round, median clear spots, and
connected on segments I-5 by broad, brown transverse bands; a large brown median
spot on segments six and seven, narrowing posteriorly ; ninth segment with a small

•220 Journal New York. Entumolouical Society. [Voi x.

brown blotch on each side ; a transverse row of short hairs along the middle of the
segments, not reaching the lateral margins.

The markings of the male are identical with those of the female but there is a
marked difference in size, the male being much the smaller.

Measurements of the male : body, length 1. 77 mm., width .65 mm.; head, length
.48 mm., width .47 mm.

Numerous specimens of both male and female were collected from
the American Magpie (P/ca pica hiidsonica), at Ft. Robinson, Neb.,
Dec. 14, 1895, by W. D. Hunter.

These specimens are close to the species as described by Piaget from
Pica leiicoptera, and on account of the striking coloration might at first
glance be taken for the original species. However they differ in size,
in the width and intensity of the abdominal markings and the mark-
ings of the temples. The female was not seen by Piaget.

Nirmus infrequens, sp. nov. (Plate XX, Fig. 3.)

Fc'iiiau-. — Length 1.45 mm., width .4 mm.; head elongate cordate with the
peculiar V-shaped ocular bands common to these forms ; thorax with lateral, marginal
bands and metathorax with internal bands ; abdomen with widely broken lateral
bands and heavy median transverse bands ; whole body clear except the head, which
is pale brownish.

Head, length .46 mm., width .29 mm.; front broadly parabolic, one hair
a .short distance in front of the trabecula;, which are very minute and colorless ; eye
slightly convex, with a very small bristle at the posterior angle ; temples with one
long hair and a short bristle ; occiput slightly concave, naked, with a narrow dark
border ; no clypeal signature, but a clear oral fossa, expanding laterally as it ap-
jiroaches the mandibles ; whole head narrowly bordered with blackish-brown, shad-
ing inwardly ; antennal bands bending inward at trabeculae for nearly one third the
width of the head, then straight back to the margin at the eye, where it meets the
heavy temporal band ; a light brown shield-shaped occipital signature ; antennae with
the first two segments longest and the whole uniformly brown.

Prothorax small, angles rounded; heavily bordered laterally with blackish-
brown, the bands extending around on the posterior border, narrowing and nearly
meeting on the median ]iortion ; a large clear pustule without hair in the posterior
angles and a short weak hair. The coxal lines show through very distinctly.
Metathorax aliout the same length as the prothorax but much broader ; sides rounded
and widely diverging ; posterior border rounded, with si.x long hairs on each side ; a
dark spot in the anterior angles and a heavy irregular blotch extending inward from
the posterior angles, narrowing and nearly meeting in the middle of the segment.

Abdomen subclavate, sides of posterior half nearly parallel and tapering abruptly
at the eighth segment ; the posterior angles projecting, nearly colorless and with one
rather long and one short hair ; eighth segment with hairs along the lateral and pos-
terior margins ; ninth segment naked ; segments one to eight with a dark black-
ish-brown patch in tlie anterior half of the lateral margins and projecting anteriorly into
the adjacent segment; internal clear portion obscured by heavy, median, transverse

Dec, I902.] Carriker : New Mallophaga. 221

bands, separated by clear sutures except between segments six and seven, and seven
and eight, where it forms a continuous patch, narrowing posteriorly to the border of
the eighth, where it widens into a narrow crescent ; transverse bands also separated
transversely by pale transverse bands through their middle ; ninth segment colorless,
with a slight median emargination on the posterior border. Legs short and stout,
brownish throughout, with slightly darker anterior margins.

One adult female and one iitimature female secured from one indi-
vidual out of a large number of specimens of Lapland Longspur
{Cakarius lapponicus), found dead at Wray, Colo., November i6,
1901, by Prof. Lawrence Bruner and Dr. R. H. Wolcott. These
birds had been killed by flying against telegraph wires.

This form resembles in many respects O-^oxvC^ picturatiis, but dif-
fers greatly in having the lateral bands of the abdomen reduced to
brownish-black blotches in the anterior angles of the segments instead
of a continuous band. As Osborn gives no laieasurements I am un-
able to compare it in this respect with his species.

Nirinus angustifrons, sp. nov. (Plate XXI, Fig. z.)

fgfuale.— Body, length 1.37 mm., width .32 mm.; body slender, head narrowly
parabolic in front, dusky, with blackish linear antennal bands and V-shaped ocular
blotches ; abdomen subparallel with heavy median bands and lateral bands reduced
to a dark spot in the anterior angles of the segments.

Head, length .32 mm., width .22 mm., pale brownish throughout; front
narrowly parabolic, with one short hair in front of trabecule ; ocular emargination
slight ; temples rounded, with one short hair ; occipital margin slightly concave ;
trabecule uncolored, minute; eyes small, without hair; antennre long, subparallel,
segments i, 2 and 5 subequal, 3 and 4 shorter, equal; antennal bands narrow
blackish, submarginal, not reaching the tip of head ; two linear blacki.sh ocular
blotches forming V-shaped marks on each side of head at the ocular emargination ;
margin of temples darker, shading inward; a clear oral fossa constricted midway
from tip to mandibles, then widening abruptly to side of mandibles, which are large
and deep chestnut ; a small circular occipital signature ; occipital bands pale.

Prothorax quadrangular, with angles and sides rounded ; posterior angle with a
very short hair ; a broad submarginal band running around on the lateral and
posterior sides, pale in its anterior portion, deep brown along the posterior transverse
portion ; a clear pustule without hair within the posterior angles.

Metathorax longer than prothorax, with sides rounded and broadly diverging ;
posterior margin angulated on the abdomen, with three long hairs on each side near
the angles ; a dark brown blotch in the anterior angles, and large, irregular, sub-
marginal blotches running inward from the posterior angles; the whole thorax
slightly tinged with brownish.

Abdomen large, sides subparallel, ground color of segments clear and translucent ;
posterior angles very slightly projecting, without hairs on first two segments ; segments
3-6 with one hair ; 7 and 8 with three, also four along the posterior margin of the
eighth ; lateral bands reduced to a deep brown spot in the anterior angles of segments

222 ]ouKNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi x.

2-6; heavy, blacki.shhrovvn, median transverse bands in segments i-S, much paler,
however, in segments i and 2 ; all darker along the posterior portion and separated by
a clear transverse band in the posterior portion of the segments ; a narrow, clear,
median stripe separates them longitudinally, except in the eighth segment ; ninth
segment small, rounded and slightly emarginate at the tip.

Legs short and stout, especially the femora ; darker than the body, being the
same color as the head with darker annulations and semi-annulations on the temora
and tibia'.

Numerous females collected from specimens of the Western Lark
Sparrow ( Cliondestes i:^raininaci/s sfn'x^afus), in the IJttle Bad Lands,
Sioux Co., Neb., June 17, 1901.

I'his form seems to have little resemblance to any species hitherto
described, and is easily recognized by the long, narrow, dusky head,
the absence of lateral abdominal bands and the heavy, median, trans-
verse, abdominal bands.

Nirmus trimarginis, sp. nov. (PI. XX, Fig. 2; PI. XXI, Fig. 5.)

J-'ciiuih:. — Body, length 1. 87 mm., width .61 mm.; head triangular, front nar-
rowly truncate ; prothorax short, quadrangular ; rnetathorax short, with widely
diverging sides; abdomen almost a perfect oval, narrowly margined with deep chest-
nut.

Head, length .5 mm., width .5 mm.; triangular, slightly swollen at trabecul?e ;
front sharply conical, with sides straight and clypeus squarely truncate ; two short hairs
just behind the lateral angles of the clypeus, one at the suture and one in front of the
trabecule ; trabeculse slender, clear, bluntly pointed, and equal to the first segment of
the antenna; ; antenna; rather short and slender, first segment thickest, second longest,
nearly as long as the last three combined, which are uniformly darker; eye small,
scarcely perceptible, obscured by a blotch and furnished with a long stout hair ; temples
rounded, with two long hairs in large pustules, and several short bristles ; occipital
margin concave with the occiput slightly convex ; the chestnut antennal bands nar-
row, broken at the suture and extending nearly to the lateral angles of the clear
clypeus, while the posterior portion, bending angularly inward at the trabecular,
passes backward to, and joins at the middle portion, the somewhat broken occipital
bands ; temples narrowly edged laterally with deep chestnut.

Prothorax short, quadrilateral, narrower in front, with the anterior angles flatly
rounded and the sides nearly straight, but slightly diverging ; posterior angles rounded,
with one long hair ; whole segment rather indistinctly margined with dull chestnut,
while the coxal lines are large and plainly visible. Metathorax scarcely longer than
prothorax, sides rounded and widely diverging ; posterior margin angulated with
several pustulated hairs on each side ; a dark blotch at the anterior angles, and a
broad band along the lateral margins, extending inward from the posterior angles.

Abdomen an almost perfect oval, slightly pointed posteriorly, widest at fourth
and fifth segments ; posterior angles projecting, with one hair, except on the first,
-eighth and ninth segments which have none ; segments two to seven sharply and
narrowly margined with deep, blackish chestnut, projecting into the adjacent anterior

Uec, I902.] Carriker : New Mallopha(ja. 223

segments; ihe median portion slightly obscured by a continuous, fulvous, longitudinal
band, fading gradually laterally ; segments two to six with a median, narrow, dark
brown, transverse band, slightly posterior to the middle portion of the segment ; ninth
segment bluntly pointed, clear, with a slight median emargination ; a median trans-
verse row of long hairs along the middle line of segments one to seven. Legs short,
rather stout, concolorous with body and with narrow, broken chestnut bands along
the anterior borders of femora and tibite.

The male differs considerably in several respects from the female. The head
and tIiora,\ being paler, the sides of the metathorax straight (though diverging),
while the abdomen is shorter and almost clavate ; the genital hooks small and blunt
while the whole body is much smaller than that of the female.

Measurements: body, length 1.4 mm., width .5 mm.; head, length .44 mm.,
width .44 mm.

One female, one male and three immature males collected from a
Rocky Mountain Creeper {Certhia fa?)iiliaris montanus'), by Professor
Lawrence Bruner at Harrison, Neb., Feb. 17, 1896.

This form resembles gi/losiis, described by Nitszch from Certhia
faviiliaris (European form), and while his description is somewhat
meagre, enough is given to distinctly separate it from this form.

Colpocephalum quadrimaculatus, sp. nov. (Plate XXI, Fig. 4.)

Male. — Body, length 1. 17 mm., width .49 mm.; whole body pale, with blackish
head and ventral thoracic markings in addition to the brownish spots and bands of the
head, thorax and abdomen ; abdomen with heavy lateral bands and median transverse
bands nearly reaching the lateral bands and separated by clear sutures.

Head, length .27 mm. , width .41 mm.; front broadly and regularly rounded
beyond the anterior margin of the antennal fossse ; terminal segment of the palpi pro-
jecting ; two short and two longer hairs in front between the palpi ; one short one at
the palpi ; one short and one very long one just behind the palpi, and two long ones at
the anterior margin of the antennal fossse ; anterior and posterior angles of the temples
rounded ; occipital margin deeply concave, with occiput slightly convex ; eye undi-
vided, nearly obscured by a black fleck ; ocular fringe short and rather sparse for the
genus ; temples with four very long hairs, one short one and a bristle ; mandibles
small and pointed, blackish ; a black blotch at the base of the palpi and along the
inner margin of the antennal fossae ; a brownish band connecting the black blotches at
the palpi ; curving bands from the same point to the anterior angles of the occipital
signature ; occipital signature large and continuous with a median longitudinal band
on the prothorax ; a narrow, black, submarginal occipital border ; whole head clear
with the exception of the above-mentioned markings.

Prothorax hexagonal, wider than long, with rounded, protruding lateral angles
furnished with a short bristle ; sides converging posteriorly (but not quite as much as
shown in the plate); a blackish blotch at the anterior angles, connected by a brown
transverse band ; a broad median longitudinal brown band, narrowing abruptly to a
point near the posterior margin of the segment, and with narrow brown bands (not
shown in plate) diverging from the point where the posterior constriction begins, to

•224 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

the lateral angles; a hiovvnish marginal band fading posteriorly runs backward from
the lateral angles; narrow, black, ventral bands (showing through from beneath)
running from the lateral angles to the anterior angles, and from there backward to the
posterior portion of the median, longitudinal band ; coxk visible from above. Meta-
thorax large, with sides straight and diverging, posterior angles with one long and
two short hairs; posterior margin rounded, with four long hairs ; a circular brown
blotch at the median portion of the anterior margin, ])r()jecting over into the prothorax ;
another larger, somewhat quadrangular lilotch in the posterior median jwrtion of the
segment ; the two posterior pairs of coxk showing through very distinctly as black
circular lines ; narrow black bands on the ventral surface as follows : one long
curving band from the anterior angles to the middle of the first abdominal segment ;
one along the anterior border from the angles inward to the border of the median
circular blotch, then straight backward to the middle of the segment; lastly a trans-
verse, intercoxal band from the middle of the curving lateral bands inward to the tip
of the longitudinal band and then curving backward to the margin of the segmertt.

Abdomen oval, with posterior angles slightly projecting and furnished with one
long and one short hair on segments one to four and six and seven ; two short ones
on segment five, two long and one short one on segments eight, and two long ones in
the middle of the eighth segment, which has the appearance of being divided trans-
versely ; posterior margins of the segments slightly curving anteriorly, with a fringe
of short, unpustulated hairs; lateral bands of segments dark brown, broad and slightly
broken at the sutures; heavy, median, transverse bands, nearly reaching the lateral
bands, and broken by clear sutures, except between the eighth and ninth segments ;
ninth segment large, longer than the others, with rounded posterior margin and
darkened tip ; genital hooks laige and heavy, extending from the fifth segment to the
ti[) of the abdomen.

Legs long and stout ; femora swollen, especially the anterior pair, with several
short hairs along the anterior margin ; all with darkened base and tip and with a large
clear pustule near the base (not shown in the plate on the two posterior pairs) ; tibiae
slightly swollen, and darkened at the tip, where there is also a clear pustule ; a fringe
of short hairs near the tip on the inner side ; tarsi with the first segment short, the
second long and stout ; ground color of legs the same as body, a very pale testaceous.

A single male collected from an American Crossbill {Loxia curvi-
rostra minor) at Warbonnet Cafion, Sioux Co., Neb., June 17, 1901.
This is the first record of any species of Colpflcephalum being col-
lected from this host and the species is quite distinct, though it has a
somewhat superficial resemblance to the general color and outline of
laficeps Kell., but it is very readily recognized by the bold blackish
bands on the ventral surface of the thorax, which show nearly as plainly
from above as below.

Physostomum picturatus, sp. nov. (PL XXIII, Fig. 3.)

Ft-jualt-. — Body, length 2.9 mm., width .65 mm. ; almost white, except a tint of
golden on the prothorax and a few dusky median spots on the abdomen ; with heavy
blackish borders to the abdomen and thorax.

Dec, i9'"2-] Carriker : New Mallophaga. 22.")

Head, length .67 mm., width .55 mm. ; front slightly swollen laterally and flat'y
convex, without hairs ; sides nearly straight from eyes to the swelling of the front ;
eye distinct, completely filling the ocular emargination ; occipital angles acuminate
nearly reaching the lateral angles of the prothorax, and with two slender weak hairs ;
palpi projecting beyond sides of head by nearly last two segments ; a darker band
across the clypeus just in front of the palpi, on which are five short, stiff, dorsal hairs ;
a short marginal hair at anterior end of antenna] fossiie, and two short bristles on the
anterior margin of antenna! fossK. . Marking.? s'n-.ilr.r to ,7. ■/.-.'; y:.V, b;;t r.r.rro-.vfjr and
connected by a dusky hand ; a black blotch bounding the inner side, only, of the
antennal fossce, there being merely a black line bounding the outer margin ; margin of
temples narrowly dusky ; a narrow black occipital border, broken medially.

Prothorax hexagonal, angles rounded ; lateral angles with one weak hau' and two
bristles ; a heavy blackish-brown border laterally ; two internal, parallel, brown lines
longitudinally ; bold black lines curving from lateral borders to anterior angles of
metathorax ; a long slender hair on posterior angles.

Metathorax longer than prothorax ; light golden-brown ; sides sinuated, with one
slender hair at posterior angles. Anterior border and angles heavily banded with
blackish, broken medially ; submarginal lateral bands continuous with lateral bands
of abdomen, and cut medially by a curving black band, from whose outer antei ior
margin runs a lighter brown band nearly to anterior margin of segment. I-egs rather
slender, concolorous with body.

Abdomen with nearly parallel sides, truncate anteriorly, with sharply marked,
heavy, pitchy-brown marginal bands, extending to the end of the eighth segment ;
posterior angles with a single slender hair ; vulva convex, margined with short hairs.
A pale brown median blotch on fifth and sixth segments.

Two females from an Orange-crowned Warbler {Helmintliophila
celafa), Lincoln, Neb. Resembles augulaiiim somewhat in the mark-
ings of the prothorax, but has the heavy lateral bands of the abdomen,
marginal, as in lUffiisiDii, and is mtich smaller than either.

Nitzschia pulicaris var. tibialis, var. nov. (PI. XXII, Figs. 4, 5.)

Female. — Body, length 2.5 mm., width .95 mm.; head, length .5 mm., width
.66 mm.; front broadly rounded, with a slight emargination just behind the pro-
jecting palpi ; temples angular before and behind, with four long, pustulated hairs ;
occipital margin emarginate, with occiput convex, having four pustulated hairs arising
from within the narrow occipital band ; palpi projecting by a portion of the third and
the fourth segments ; front, between the palpi, with four short hairs ; one short and two
long hairs on each side at the anterior margin of the antennal fossa ; ocular fringe
distinct ; a dark band bordering the inner margin of the antennal fossa and passing
around the temples ; occipital bands parallel, running to the base of the mandibles ;
a short band running from mandibles to the margin at palpi; between the occipital
bands is a quadrilateral, formed by narrow bands, with bands running from its
anterior angles to the occipital bands near their junction with the mandibles, also
bands connecting its posterior angles with the base of the occipital bands.

The prothorax hexagonal, lateral angles protruding and rounded, with one long
hair and two .short bristles; anterior margin sinuated, with a narrow marginal band ;

226 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL x.

subniarginal lateral bands running backward from the lateral angles and paling
posteriorly ; a median transverse band connecting lateral bands and also a V-shaped
internal band with its upper ends uniting with the lateral bands near the anterior
angles. Metathorax longer than prothorax ; the suture between the meso- and
metathorax plainly visible both on the dorsal surface and at the lateral margins ;
posterior margin slightly angulated, with a fringe of short hairs ; whole segment
dusky with darker anterior and lateral, marginal bands; posterior angles with two
rather long hairs.

Abdomen large, oval, slightly inclined to be clavate ; segments subequal, with
slightly projecting posterior angles having three hairs of different lengths, except in
the first and ninth segments, which have but two ; segments one to eight with heavy
lateral bands, slightly clearer at the sutures, and the posterior margins with a fringe
of short, unpustulated hairs ; ninth segment much narrower, quadrate, and with the
posterior portion clear and fringed with fine hairs; whole interior of abdomen evenly
dusky, not broken at the sutures.

Legs long and slender, except the front femora, which are greatly dilated, being
almost orbicular ; first and second pairs of femora with several short hairs on the
anterior and posterior margins ; posterior femora with a sulnnarginal row of fine hairs
along the anterior side for nearly the entire length of the segment ; tibias with a few
short hairs along the margins and with dark, slightly broken, borders to the two
anterior pairs ; posterior tibiae very slender, parallel-sided, and without marginal
markings; first joint of tarsi short, second long and stout.

The male is much smaller than the female ; head not quite so broad in front ;
abdomen oval ; the hairs of the posterior angles much shorter, except on the fourth,
seventh, eighth, and ninth segments, where they are extremely long; the posterior
femora are as long as in the female, and more swollen ; the posterior tibiae are twice
as long as the two anterior pairs, being as long as in the female, swollen apically and
heavily margined with deep brownish, slightly broken near the tip ; the genital hooks
are long and slender, reaching from the middle of the fifth segment to the tip of the
abdomen.

The male measures: body, length 1. 96 mm., width .75 mm.; head, length
.45 mm., width .61 nmi.

Four males and one female collected from two individuals of the
White-throated Swift {Aero/ia/ites i/wlafioleucus) at Warbonnet Canon,
Sioux Co., Neb., May 30, 1901. It resembles JV. pu/icaris, and
differs chiefly in the absence of the darker transverse, abdominal
bands and the pustules of the dorsal, abdominal hairs.

Trinotun conspurcatum Nifzsch. (Plate XXI, Fig. 3.)

This species resembles T. luriihim, but is easily distinguished by
the darker background, the larger size, the narrower, clear, transver.se
bands at the abdominal sutures, and especially by the fact that the
dorsal hairs of the abdomen arise from large clear pustules which is
not the case in luridiim.

Dec, igoz.j C'arriker: New Mallophaga. 227

My specimen measures: body, length 5.37 mm., width 1.8 mm.;
head, length 1.07 mm., width 1.50 mm.

A single female collected from a whistling swan ( Olor columbianus')
shot at Nebraska City, Neb., Nov. 22, 1900. This specimen agrees
very closely, indeed, with the excellent description and plate which
Piaget gives, the only appreciable difference being in the slightly
smaller size. Although his figure could hardly be improved upon, a
drawing of my specimen is given for the benefit of those to whom
Piaget' s plate may not be available.

Akidoproctus Piaget.

The following is a somewhat condensed form of the generic de-
scription as given by Piaget : The clypeus of great width with an
indentation in the place of the signature of the Docophori ; clypeus not
distinct ; the antennal fossa shallow and not extending in front of the
trabeculae ; the antenuce almost uniform in the two sexes, short and
thick, the segments decreasing in size to the tip ; eye projecting,
without hairs,"'- the temples long, rounded behind, with some weak
bristles ; occipital bands distinct, parallel.

The prothorax subquadrangular ; metathorax wider than the head
(except in marginatus'), acuminate on the abdomen ; the legs similar
to Nirnuis except greater length, especially of tibiae.

Abdomen elongate -oval, naked except at the angles, with a large
transverse furrow between the segments and the bands separated by a
median, longitudinal, clear line ; the last two segments, sharply sepa-
rated from the seventh, form a small cone partly truncate or rounded
{$), pointed or rounded ( 9 ) ; the genital organs of both sexes
similar to Nirmus. The individuals are rarely met with and so far
only on palmipeds, except bifascialus which has probably straggled to
a D rami as ardeola.

This genus has heretofore been found only in Europe and the find-
ing of specimens of it upon a Canvasback Duck {Aythya val/isneria),
at Lincoln, Neb., was quite a surprise. The specimens were col-
lected by J. C. Crawford, Jr., from a bird killed by J. S. Hunter,
and kindly turned over to me by Mr. Crawford for description.

The first species of this genus recorded was described by Nitzsch

* This statement is either an error or else not a generic character, because the
species which I have described has a very strong hair on the dorsal surface of tlie
eye.

228 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

and placed provisionally by him under the genus Lipeurus. Bur-
meister placed it under Nirmiis and Giebel followed his example ; thus
it remained for Piaget to create a new genus for it, and other species of
the same type described by him. This he did in his Les Pediculines.
Of the genus, he says: " Since there has been added to the unique
species described by Giebel three and probably four new species of
the same type, I do not hesitate to establish for them the genus
Akidoproctiis, of which the distinctive characters are : The indentation
of the clypeus, the existence of a second internal band on the abdo-
men and the conical form of the last two abdominal segments."

Akidoproctus kelloggi, sp. nov. (PI. XXII, Figs, i, 2.)

Male. — Body, length 3.5 mm., width .8 mm ; whole body pale testaceous with
black and varying shades of brown markings on head, thorax and abdomen.

Head, length .76 mm., width .64 mm.; elongate cordate, rather broadly rounded
in front with six short bristles on each side between the trabecule and the clypeal
notch ; one .short bristle on each side just within the opening of the notch ; temples
with one weak hair and five short bristles ; occiput deeply concave, slightly sinuated
and naked ; eye prominent, convex, colorless, and, contrary to Piaget's generic
characterization, has a large stiff bristle upon the dorsal surface ; antennae with the
second segment longest, each segment semi-annulated with darker testaceous ; a
dusky spot on each side of the clypeal notch ; a heavy reddish-brown band across the
dorsal surface, joining the trabeculae and pa.ssing over the mandibles ; a blackish
ocular blotch and another of the same color at the base of the antennae on top of
the brown transverse band ; occipital bands heavy at base and blackish, narrowing
and fading to the base of the mandibles ; a pale, somewhat crescent shaped clypeal
signature.

Prothorax short, quadrilateral, with rounded angles, and convex sides ; anterior
angles with a blackish-brown, submarginal blotch joining the base of the occipital
bands ; a lateral submarginal band of the same color, passing around on the poste-
rior borders for a short distance where it is joined by the lateral metathoracic
band ; the brown coxal bands showing through very plainly. The metathorax longer
than prothorax and nearly twice as wide ; sides rounded and widely diverging ; pos-
terior margin sharply angulated with a few weak bristles ; a pair of long hairs at
the middle on each side and three at the posterior angles ; heavy black lateral bands
separated from the black lateral abdominal bands by a clear space ; the brown coxal
lines showing through very plainly.

Legs short, rather slender, concolorous with body and with blackish tarsi and
tips of tibise.

Abdomen elongate-oval, constricted posteriorly and widest at the second segment ;
lateral margins of each segment convex, more so posteriorly ; heavy black lateral
bands widely broken by clear sutures ; posterior angles scarcely projecting, with two
or three short hairs; a longitudinal, clear, submarginal band parallel to the black
lateral bands; remainder of abdomen pale fulvous; segments one to seven with a

Dec, 1902. Carriker : New Mallophaga. 229

darker, quadrilateral spot on each side of the median line, not touching the posterior
margin of the segment, and each, in the first three segments, containing a still darker
crescent-shaped band opening outward ; in segments four to six, a median, transverse,
blackish-brown band, widening laterally to the width of the segments ; eighth seg-
ment with a median dusky spot and the lateral band extending inwardly along the
posterior margin ; ninth segment almost completely blackish-brown, with a small
median, terminal emargination and two hairs on each side ; the genital hooks are
rather small, extending from the posterior margin of the sixth to the posterior margin
of the eighth segment.

The female differs considerably from the male, especially in the markings of the
abdomen. The abdomen is without the marked constriction posteriorly, widest at the
third segment ; without the median bands on segments four to six ; the legs are
stouter ; the sixth and seventh segments of the abdomen have a continuous median
blotch, while the ninth is more pointed and clear in the median portion ; the lateral
bands of the eighth segment are very narrow. Measurements as follows :

Body, length 3.65 mm., width .72 mm. ; head, length .77 mm., width .65 mm.

Five males and one female collected from a Canvasback Duck
{Aythya val/isnena), shot at Lincoln, Neb., March 25, 1901. Piaget's
bifasciatus resembles this new form more than any other species of the
genus, but it differs in the shape of the abdomen and thorax and in
the abdominal markings.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate XX.
Fig. I. Docopho7-us cephahntts, sp. nov. (9-)
Fig. 2. Nirmus trimarginis, sp. nov. ( 9 • )
Fig. 3. A'irmus infreqitens, sp. nov. ( J ).
Fig. 4. Nirnuis tiitncaitis, var. niagnocepliahis, var. nov. ( J ).

Pl.vte XXL
Fig. I. Nirniits hioceUatns var. nigropicttis, var. nov. ( 9 )•
Fig. 2. A^irmus angusti/rons, sp. nov. ( 9 )•
Fig. 3. T}'ino/on conspurcatuvi Nitz. ( 9 )•
Fig. 4. Colpocephaluni qtiadrimactilaius , sp. nov. ( ^ ).
Fig. 5- Nirmus trimarginis, sp. nov. ( ^ ).

Plate XX 1L
Fig. I. Akidoproctiis kelloggi, sp. nov. ((J).
Fig. 2. Akidopmctiis kelloggi ( 9 )■
Fig. 3. Physostomnm picturatus, sp. nov. ( 9)-
Fig. 4. Nitz»chia pulicaris var. tibialis, var. nov. ( <J ) .
Fig. 5. Nitzsckia pulica7-is var. tibialis ( 9 )•

230 Journal Nf.w York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

NOTES ON THE NOTONECTIDiE OF THE
VICINITY OF NEW YORK.

Bv J. R. DK LA ToKRK IjLKNO.

In the spring of this year (1902) chance led me to attempt the
breeding of Notonectas, and since that time I have collected them all
through the summer in this vicinity, principally on Staten Island.
On two occasions I collected in Van Cortlandt Park ; and in the
spring I got a good deal of material in the lake at looth Street, in
Central Park. In working up this material, I found that I had all the
described species that occur in the East, with one exception.

In the genera Plea and An/sops, I collected what, because of
locality, I take to be the only species found here ; namely, F/ea
striola and A}2isops platycnemis. As far as records go, striola appears
to be the only species of F/ea found in the United States, but it
would seem to me that careful collecting and study would in all prob-
ability result in the addition of species to the list in this and the next
genus. In Anisops, Uhler gives only one species as found in the At-
lantic States, that \)&mg plafycnemis.

The genus Notonecta is represented by iiisiilata, unditlata in three
color-varieties ; variabilis, and irrorata. 1 also took on Staten Island
one specimen which does not very well fit in anywhere and may be an
aberrant tiiuliilafa, or a new species. This requires further study.

The analytical tables are adapted and the descriptions (except those
of Flea and Anisops) taken from Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy's "Revision
of the Notonectidse," according to which I have made all my deter-
minations.

For the proper understanding of the descriptions and tables, three
terms must be explained. Kirkaldy says in his paper mentioned :
"That portion of the head which is apparent from a dorsal aspect is
named the notocephalon ; it is more or less constricted close to the
base, this constriction, here termed the synthlipsis, being of great con-
venience for diagnostic purposes. The imaginary anterior margin of
the notocephalon is called the vertex."

Analytical Tables.
Family Ngtonectid.t;.
Beak 3-4-jointed ; antenniv 4-jointed ; first pair of legs inserted on the posterior
margin of the pronotum ; scutellum large.

Dec.,i902.] BUENO: No rONECTID.E OF ViCINITY OF NeW YORK. 231

Characters of Sub-Families.

I (2) Hind UUx and tarsi ciliated; abdomen with keel, hairy; eyes very

Notonectlnse.

large, conspicuous

2(1) Hind t\h\x and tarsi not ciliated; abdomen neither keeled nor hairy.
Rostrums-jointed; eyes small, inconspicuous Pleinae.

Sub-Family Notonectin.«.

Geiwra.

" Eyes not contiguous at base, posterior femora not reaching the apex of the

h^melytra. .

. Pronotum not exceedingly transverse ; wings present ; hemelytral area d.stmct.

1 (2) Last segment of the antennae much shorter than penultimate ; hind tarsi

. , , Notonecta Linn.

without claws

2 (i) Last segment of the antennce much longer than the penultinate. Hind

. .^, , " Anisops 5//«.

tarsi with claws

Genus Notonecta.

Species.

1 (2-3) Base of the pronotum twice its length; sometimes only one and one
half times as long. (In the majority, twice as long.) Scutellum slightly shorter

than raetanotum. • r^- t

2 (3) Vertex five times the width of the synthlipsis uhleri Airk.

3(2) Vertex less than five times as wide as synthlipsis.

4(5) Lateral margins of the notocephalon nearly straight and nearly parallel.
Length of body not less than 13 mm. Dorsum abdominis more or less red.

insulata IV. Kirby.

5 (4) Lateral margins of the notocephalon more or less curved, not at all parallel.

6 (8-10) Large robust species more than 12.5 mm. long.

7 (9) Vertex at least three times as wide as synthlipsis.

Head short, eyes somewhat large, lateral margins of the pronotum not quite

. ,^ irrorata Uhler.

slrai gh t

8 (6-10) Small species, less than 12 mm. long.

Pronotum twice or nearly twice as wide as long variabilis J-ieber.

9(7) Vertex less than two and one half times as wide as synthlipsis.

10 (6-8) Small species, subrobust.

Base of the pronotum nearly straight unAnXaXA Say .

Plea striola Fieb.

Head large, wider than pronotum. Eyes small and set far apart.

Pronotum and metanotum fused, large, about four times as large as head, and
overlapped at the base by the hemelytra.

Hemelytra coriaceous throughout, with no distinction of cells ; reticulated and
with a setigerous puncture in each reticulation from which springs a long fine seta.
Strongly convex, making the body thicker through than the width. Ate absent.
Pedes all provided with claws ; posterior tibiae and tarsi furnished with sparse , searcely
noticeable, swimming cilice.

232 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Venter abdominis without a keel ; connexiviim sparsely ciliated.
Color throus^liout bruno-testaceous, rangint^ in shade. Length, 2-2.4 mni' ".
width, 1.I-I.2 mm. ; height, 1.3 mm.

I'his interesting little species I first found in Van Cortlandt Park,
on SepteiTiber 13 of this year. I discovered it in washing the copious
rootlets of a species of Duckweed, and took it at first to be a very
large Daplinia. On looking more closely, I saw it assume the typical
notonectid position, abdomen up, its extremity at the surface. Later
in the season, toward the end of October, in company with Mr. W.
T. Davis, we found it in Cape Henlopen Pond in Staten Island.

Two of the Pleas are now living in a covered glass with some
Nifclla to aerate the water, together with an agrionid nymph and an
ephemerid nymph. To feed them there are plenty of water fleas. I
have not seen the Pleas eat these, nor is their number apjjarently
diminished, and from observations I am inclined to believe that they
are vegetable feeders. I cannot, however, assert positively the nature
of their food. Their favorite position seems to be clinging to the
underside of the duckweed leaves. They rarely swim, apparently pre-
ferring to creep along the stems of the aquatic plants, on which at
times they rest, clasping them with the legs. When they do swim,
they move through the water by means of a rather rapid, clipping stroke.

When living and seen in the water, by means of a one-half-inch
lens, the hairs arising from the punctures on the hemelytra, can be
seen standing out ray-like, the punctures themselves being noticeable.
Because of the highly convex; dorsum, homogeneous character of the
hemelytra and their habit of creeping along the stems of the water-
plants, they might at a cursory glance be taken for small aquatic beetles.

Those I have collected were found along the edges, among the fine
roots of the grasses and the stems of the netted water weeds, and from
the habit of creeping noted, it might seem that this is their favorite
ihabitat.

The places mentioned are the only localities for it that I know of
in this vicinity, but Plea should be found anywhere. Uhler in his
" Check List " gives this species as being found in the United States.
Probably it is not oftener collected on account of its inconspicuous
size and retiring habits.

Notonecta insulata Kby.

" Head : notocephalic lateral margins fairly straight and nearly parallel, very
slightly constricted near the base ; vertex little wider than synthlipsis, which is about

Dec.,i9o2.] BUKNO : NOTONECTID/E OF VlCINITY OF NeW YoRK. 233

one fourth less than the width of the base of the eye. Lateral and humeral margins *
of the pronotum sinuate. Scjitelhim varying slightly in length, but occasionally reach-
ing and usually nearly reaching the base of the metanotum, black. Heiuelytra
variable in pattern and color.

^^ AUe : basal nervules crimson, the others yellow brown. Pedes : coxx' black, in-
termediate tibial spur small, slender, not tipped with black. Abdominis dorsntn : seg-
ment I black, 2-6 brilliant scarlet, 7-8 reddish testaceous. Abdominis venfe?- black,
connexivum and central carina green. I-ong., 13-15 mm. ; lat., 4.9-5 mm."

Personally, I have not found this species, but Mr. H. G. Barber
has taken it in the city, in a rock-hole that was being drained ; and
Mr. Davis has found it on Staten Island. It might at first glance be
taken for luidiilata var. charo/i, but is readily distinguishable from it
by the nearly parallel notocephalic margins, the greater size, and the
reddish tinge of the hemelytra.

Notonecta undulata Say.

'^ Head diverging curvedly (varymg in degree) from the synthlipsis, which is
about two fifths the width of the vertex. Proiiolttm, humeral margins as a rule not
distinct. Scutellum not quite one fourth shorter than the metanotum, varying in color
from pale luteous to black, with divers intermediate arrangements of the two colors ;
similar hemelytral markings occurring with dissimilarly marked scutella and vice
versa. Metanotum varying from luteous to black, with three or more dark castaneous
stripes, scutellar margin luteous. Hemelytra exceedingly variable, giving rise to a
number of well marked varieties, though these are linked by intermediate forms.
Long. 10. 2-12.6 mm.; lat. 3.4-4.2 mm."

This species is represented in three varieties in this locality. The
pure moonlight-color or very pale greenish-yellow variety, luacitlata
Fieb., which occasionally exhibits a few dark markings, grades into
the next variety, undulata Say. The latter varies from pure ivory-
white to pale luteous, with a somewhat greenish-gold tinge in some
s}:»ecimens. It is marked with from a few indefinable brown spots at
the base of the membrane to a broadish band, covering the base of
the membrane and the apex of the corium. The third variety,
charon YJvxV., resembles the more heavily-marked specimens of the
preceding with clouded hemelytra. As a matter of fact, these three
varieties merge into each other by insensible gradations, and it is only
in a large series that this can be appreciated.

The majority of the light specimens I have were taken in Central
Park, from about the middle to the end of March. A few were col-
lected this fall in Staten Island with Mr. Davis. The darker varieties
all came from Staten Island and were collected in October and No-
vember.

234 JOURNAL New \'ork Entomological Sociktv. [Voi. x.

The locality they fre(iuent in the Park (and where thev were abun-
dant) is a small lake full of vegetation. I found them among the
past year's dead leaves in a little cove which was later massed with
vegetation. This place was teeming with agrionid nymphs, which
furnished them abundant food.

In Staten Island a few were found in Cape Henlopen pond ; they
were, however, much more abundant in the vegetation in the rock-
pools of an abandoned quarry. The temperature of the water was,
of course, low, because of the season, and the insects seemed to be
seeking shelter among the vegetation.

The specimens taken in the spring bred in my aquaria, but unfor-
tunately I was unable to take them beyond the third instar. From
the size of this nymph and of others that I have collected, it might
seem that there are at least five instars, if not six.

This is by far the most common species locally and can be found
without any difficulty.
Notonecta variabilis Fieb.

"Bead : notocephalic lateral margins diverging curvedly from the narrow base,
vertex about three times as wide as synthlipsis. Pi onotum : width of posterior mar-
gin not quite twice as great as the length of the pronotum. Heiiielytra : very variable.
Alar nervures pale golden yellow. Pedes and abdomen as in X. nuditlata Say.
Long. 8.9 to 10 mm.; lat. 3. to 3.4 mm."

This interesting species I first took on the Palisades, one speci-
men only. On election day (November 4 ) of this year, I collected
it in large numbers at Van Cortlandt, and found it clinging to the un-
der surface of dead leaves in the water.

It looks very much like a small specimen of N. iindulata var. mac-
ulata, but the size and the notocephalon serve to determine it. The
largest variabilis I have measured is only 10 mm., while the shortest
undulafa var. maciilata exceeds 11 mm.

This species has also been taken in Staten Island by Mr. Davis and
myself.

It is of interest to note that on one specimen of this I found a para-
site, fastened to the dorsum of one of the abdominal segments. I
shall describe this later.

This species is in part N. varibilis Fieb., and is considered by Pro-
fessor Uhler to be a variety of uudulata. As stated before, I have
accepted Kirkaldy's classification, and on comparison of characters,
it would seem to me that his differentiation of species is good.

Dec. I902.J BUENO : NOTONECTID.*: OF ViCINITV OK NeW YoRK. 235

Notonecta irrorata Uhl.

" Head ■i.vci'aW, notocephalic lateral margins diverging widely, vertex a little more
than three times as wide as synthlipsis; width of vertex and of the eye subequal ; eyes
rather larger proportionately than some other species ; pronotum much wider basally
than apically, lateral margins not sinuate, humeral angles acute, humeral and posterior
margins sinuate. Ilonely/ra rich black, irrorated (especially on the clavus) with
refulgent yellow-brown, interior lobe of membrane and apex of exterior lobe smoky.
The irrorations vary greatly in diflerent individuals ; in some the corium and mem-
brane are almost immaculate, in others the whole of the clavus and corium is irrorated,
imparting a checkered appearance, while in others the clavus is rich (almost metallic)
yellow-brown with faint distant, narrow black lines. Alai- nervures brown. Pedes :
intermediate tibial spur small. Abdominis dorsum : first lo fifth segments black ;
sixth, seventh and eighth sordid grayish brown. Abdomitiis venter black. Long.
13-14 mm.; lat. 4-4.5 mm."

This species has been found in the Park lakes by Mr. E. B. South-
wick ; Mr. Barber has found it in company with the insiilata before
mentioned ; and Mr. Davis and myself on Staten Island. We found
it in a pond shaded by trees and surrounded by vegetation, matted
with decaying roots ; fallen leaves and limbs, and aquatic plants were
mixed in the black water. It was fairly abundant there.

This cannot be confused with any of the other local species. Its
dark color, small head and chunky shape will at once serve to distin-
guish it.

Notonecta uhleri Kirk.

" Head : notocephalon in the form of an inverted wine decanter, margins greatly
curved, widely diverging toward the vertex, which is six to eight times wider than the
synthlipsis at which point the eyes are almost contiguous. Pronotum : humeral angles
acute, accentuated, lateral margins sinuate, humeral margins little separated from the
posterior margin. Metanotiim dark purple-brown. Henielytra varying from dark
brick-red to rich orange yellow ; a large, irregular blotch at the base of the corium
extending transversely and non-acuminately from the apex of the clavus to the golden-
yellow exocorial lateral submargin ; membrane dark red-brown, apically black — this
tint encroaching more or less basally. /^ A?;- nervures brown. Pedes : coxte blackish ;
intermediate tibial spur blunt, subcylindrical. Abdominis dorsum : first and second
segments rufo-testaceous, deeper marginally, the remainder flavo-testaceous, lurid
marginally ; this latter tint encroaching inwards more and more apically. Abdominis
t^f«/^r rufo-testaceous, densely provided with greenish-black cilia;. Long. $ II-II.4
mm., 9 12 mm.; lat. $ 3.5-4 mm., 9 4 mm."

This I have no knowledge or record of in this vicinity, but as it
occurs in Massachusetts and also in Florida, it may perhaps be found
here.

23() Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

Aftisops platycnemis Fieb.

Head lalher large, with prominent eyes, notocephalic lateral margins slightly
diverging from -synthlipsis and again converging toward the vertex ; to the naked eye,
the notocephalon appears of equal width throughout. Pronotum overlapping base of
head somewhat pointedly, and terminating in a point at the meeting of the heme-
lytra. Metanotum completely covered by the hemelytra. Hemelytra pearly, lustrous,
varying in color when closed from pure white through a bluish to a blackish tinge, in
this respect resembling strongly the shadings of mother-of-pearl. Alar nervurespale ;
K\x hyaline. Abdominis dorsum varying from testaceous base and blackish tip to
nearly entirely black. X'enter black. Pedes testaceous. Long. 6,7-8. i mm.; lat.
2-2.3 mm.

This species I have taken only in Staten Island with Mr. Davis,
where we found it in large numbers in a rock hole in an abandoned
trap-rock quarry, on October 25. Its slim, long shape was seen at
different depths with its long sweep-like hind legs ready for a swift
stroke, floating motionlessly among the algae. We took a large num-
ber of specimens on this occasion and a subsequent one.

This species can be readily distinguished from the local species of
the genus Notonecta by its rather long and slender shape, its narrow
notocephalon with parallel sides separating the large eyes ; and by
the l)eautiful pearly luster of the hemelytra, which vary from a pure
white to a blackish tinge, according to the color of the dorsum
abdominis.

NOTES ON THE CICINDELID^E OF THE PINE
BARRENS OF NEW JER>EY.

Bv Charles W. LeN(;, B.S.

The following notes are prejmred from the collecting experiences
of Mr. Edw. D. Harris, Mr. William T. Davis and the writer, who
have, separately or together, visited the pine barrens in each month
from April to October. The point visited has usually been Lakehurst
(formerly called Manchester), situated about seven miles south of
Lakewood and in the midst of a typical })ine barren country, where
sand, stunted pines and dwarf oaks are repeated with little variation
mile after mile ; other excursions have been made to Jamesburg, which
is rather on the edge of the pine barren than in its midst, and Brook-
ville, which was selected for its proj)in(iuity to the East Plain, the
most extremelv barren portion of the jjine barren. On the East Plain,

Dec, 1902.] LeNG : CiCINDELID.E OK THE PiNE BARRENS, N. J. 237

away from the streams, the tallest tree rises four feet above the ground
and the usual elevation of the pines is about eighteen inches.

Throughout the Pine Barrens the conditions are suitable for Cicin-
delidae ; the roads are sandy, the trees are far apart and the soil in
which they grow is nearly pure sand, and extreme dryness prevails
everywhere except in the immediate vicinity of the streams and the
white cedar swamps which often border them. On the East Plain,
the sand is mixed with pebbles, not universally, but qitite generally.
The genus is represented by an extraordinary number of species and
individuals of which the following is a list as far as they are known
to me :

Cicindela unipunctata Fab.

One specimen was taken by Mr. Harris at I>akewood, June 22, on
a path running through the pine woods.

Cicindela modesta Dej.

This variety is very abundant on sand)' roads from the earliest
warm days in the spring until about the end of June. In midsummer
it cannot be found in numbers and we have no records of its capture
between July 4 and August 29, although the locality Avas visited July
29. It occurs again in September in considerable numbers and some
individuals probably hibernate and reappear in the spring.

It has been found at all the places visited and the exact dates of
capture are April 10, April 15, May 24, June 4, July 4, August 29,
September 2, September 22.

Cicindela rugifrons Dej.

This species occurs with the preceding but less abundantly. The
earliest date on which it is recorded is April 28, the latest date is
October 21.

A comparison between the Pine Barren specimens of this species
and those found at Aqueduct, Long Island, by Mr. Louis H. Joutel
and Mr. Davis, shows some minor differences which might be expected
to result from the long period of time during which there can have
been no communication between these two branches of the species.
The Long Island specimens, for example, vary in their markings much
more than the New Jersey specimens and even immaculate individuals
have been found Apparently the influence of isolation can be traced
in these differences.

238 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo,. x.

Cicindela consentanea Dej.

'J'his species occurs sparingly at Lakehurst and more abundantly at
Brookville. At Lakehurst it is found in open spots in or at the edge
of the woods and seems to prefer the blackened ground which it
resembles in color. The exact dates on which it occurs are April 28,
May 24. June 4, September 4, September 22. The burnt ground
between the railroad track and the woods about a mile north of the
station at Lakehurst is one locality where it may be found.

Cicindela purpurea Oliv.

This species occurs at Lakehurst from April 10 to May 24, in
the less sandy soil east of the railroad, and again from September 3
to October 21. It has not l)een found in the pure sand roads west of
Lakehurst and we have no record of taking it in June, July or August.
It was found also at Brookville on September 22.

None of the varieties of this sjjecies has l)een Ibund as.sociated
with it.

Cicindela generosa Dej.

This species occurs in numbers at the same dates and in the same
localities as iiwdcsta.

Cicindela vulgaris .Srn.

This species occurs in the greatest abundance at the same dates and
in the .same localities as modesta and generosa. It has been found as
late as October 21. The specimens are not as uniform in markings or
size as those of the preceding species and there is an approach, espe-
cially in some specimens from the East Plain, to the small dark form
that occurs in the Southern States.

Cicindela repanda Dej.

This species occurs on damp sand near the water, where the roads
cross the streams, and in the cranberry bogs, and is locally abundant.
We have found it in April, June, July, Augu.st, September and October
and apparently the fact that the home of the larva is near the water, in
moister ground, permits some individuals to complete their transforma-
tion earlier than is possible in the case of those species whose home is
in the dryer sand. In Louisiana, Mr. Coverdale noticed the appear-
ance of Cicindelae after a copious rain in the fall ; and I should think
that the earlier reappearance of repa/u/a was certainly due to a similar
■cause.

Dec, 1902.] LeNG : ClCINDELID.K OF THE PiNE BARRENS, N. J. 239

Cicindela 12=guttata Dij.

This species has been found in small numbers at i .akehurst, always
near water. The dates are April 15, April 20, July 29.

Cicindela punctulata Fab.

This species occurs sparingly in midsummer, in sandy roads and
fields. It appears when the preceding species are not to be found or
only sparingly found. The exact dates we have are Lakewood, June
22 ; Lakehurst, July 12, July 29, September i ; Brookville, July 28 ;
Jamesburg, July 4, August 29, September i.

Cicindela lepida Dcj.

This species was found by Mr. William T. Davis in a sandy field
near the cranberry bogs at Jamesburg on July 4 some years ago and
he has since discovered other stations for it near Jamesburg, especially
one on an island-like elevation of sand east of the South River and
about midway Ijetween Jamesburg and Spotswood. It commences to
appear in the latter part of June and is fairly abundant in colonies in
July.

Cicindela rufiventris Dej.

This species is not named in Professor John B. Smith's "Insects
of New Jersey ' ' and its occurrence within the state was unknown
until its discovery by Mr. Davis on the east plain near Brookville on
July 27. The first specimens were taken on the top of a hillock,
about 150 feet above sea level ; others were found later on .sandy roads
through the plain and on the sandy margin of a creek. They occurred
in colonies and there were long stretches of road without any. Two
days later a diligent search at Lakehurst failed to reveal a single speci-
men and there is little doubt that it is confined to the East Plain, the
most barren part of the pine barrens.

It is interesting to note that the nearest known stations for this
species or its varieties are in the eastern part of Massachusetts and in
Virginia.

Cicindela abdominalis Fab.

This also is a midsummer species. It has been found at Lake-
hurst. July 12, July 29 and September i and on the East Plain, at a
comparatively low level, on July 27. At Lakehurst, it occurs on
paths through the pine woods ; it flies weakly and, when pursued,

240 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo\. x.

seeks safet\- by running under some convenient cover instead of by
fiiglit.

These notes seen to indicate that, while some species are confined
to midsummer, most of the Pine Barren Cicindelae appear late in the
summer and continue until fall, when they hibernate in the sand and
reappear early in spring ; Mr. H. A\'. Wenzel informs me that many
species recorded at Lakehurst on A\m\ lo and April 15 have been found
at Da Costa on March 16 when there was still snow on one side of
the railroad cut in which they were found. The indications that some
individuals hibernate are indeed very strong ; but it may well be that
others do not complete their transformation until sjjring and then join
their more expeditious brethren to make up the greater spring abun-
dance of specimens.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE POINTED-TAILED

WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY PROC-

TOTRYPID^. -I.

By William H. Ashmead, x^.M.,

Assistant Curator, U. -S. National Muskum, Washincton, D. C.

The writer, in his attempt towards a more natural classification of
the Hymenoptera, in the journal of the New York Entomological
Society for March, 1899, separated these insects into /i-v/ superfamilies,
namely: I, Apoidea ; II, S|)hecoidea ; III, Vespoidea ; IV, Formicoi-
dea ; Y, Proctotrypoidea ; \l, Cynipoidea ; A^II, Chalcidoidea ; VIII,
It hneumonoidea ; IX, Siricoidea, and X, Tenthredinoidea, which he
considered were large natural groups, the sequence so arranged to
show, as nearly as it were possil)le in a tabular arrangement, their
affinities and relationship.

The new scheme of arrangement has been most favorably received
notwithstanding its incompleteness, since only a few of these super-
families have as yet been treated in toto and it is hardly possible yet,
except in the vaguest way, for the student to ap])reciate the merits of
the system in its entirety.

Of these ten superfamilies I have now classified down to genera, the
Apoidea, the Sphecoidea, the Vespoidea, the Chalcidoidea,* the Ich-

*To be published shortly by the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Dec, 1902.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF PrOCTOTRVPID.^^:. 241

ncumonoidea, the Siricoidea and the Tenthredinoidea. The Formicoi-
dea, the Proctotrypoidea and the Cynipoidea still remain to be treated.

In the present paper, or rather series of papers, I propose to give
my ideas on the classification of one of these remaining superfamilies
— the Proctotrypoidea.

It has been just ten years since I wrote my monograph on the
North American Proctotryjjidce. During these years I have made
laborious studies into all the families of the Hymenoptera, and it is
only natural, therefore, that my ideas and views should broaden and
change with increased knowledge, that I should now see more clearly
affinities and relationship in groups not before noticed, and that my
conception of what constituted a family, still a vague term, should be
modified.

In my opinion, the old conception of the family Proctotrypid^e
was erroneous in some particulars ; it was a complex group and rep-
resented more than a family ; it really represented a superfamily, with
many families. Some of the forms, too, classified as Proctotrypids,
had no relation whatever with these insects, while others, placed else-
where, the Pelecinidffi, Moiioniacliits, etc., were in reality genuine
Proctrypoids and should have been classified with them.

The subfamilies Bethylinas, Embolemin^e and Dryinina^, too, as I
have shown elsewhere, really represent a natural family of higher rank
far removed from genuine Proctotrypoids, and belong among the Acu-
leata or Fossores.

These remarks will suffice to introduce and account for the changes
made in the classification of this great complex.

Classification.
Superfamily V. PROCTOTRYPOIDEA.

Table of Families.

1. Trochanters distinctly /K't^jointed 2

Trochanters i -jointed.

Antennce 14-jointed, inserted on the middle of the face ; front wings with a
lanceolate stigma, the marginal cell long, open at apex ; mandibles dentate ;
maxillary palpi 5-; labial palpi 3-jointed ; 9 abdomen greatly elongated,
slender and cylindrical, about five times the length of the head and thorax
united, composed of six segments ; $ abdomen clavate.

Family L. Pelecinid^.

2. Antennae inserted at the clypeus 6

Antennae inserted on the middle of the face, often on a frontal prominence.

242 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Wingless forms.. 5

Winged forms 3

3. Front wings with the marginal vein linear, never stigmated 4

Front wings with the marginal vein stigmated, or with a distinct stigma.

Mandibles dentate ; antenna; 14- or 15-jointed ; claws simple or pectinate ; hind

wings with a more or less distinct venation Family LL Helorid^.

Mandibles edentate ; antennae 13-jointed with one ring-joint ( 12-jointed without
ring-jointed); claws simple ; hind wings without a distinct venation.

Family LII. Proctotrypid.b.

4. Front wings with a distinct basal cell and usually with a distinct marginal cell,

the latter never wholly wanting although often incomplete ; hind wings always
with a basal cell ; antenna; 14-15-jointed ; labial palpi 3-jointed.

Family LIII. Belytid.*:.
Front wings rarely with a distinct basal cell, the median vein most frecjuently ob-
solete or subobsolete, the marginal cell never complete, usually wholly wanting ;
hind wings always without a basal cell ; antenna- 1 1- to 14-jointed ; labial palpi 2-
jointed P^amily LIV. Diapriid.^.

5. Mandibles edentate ; tip of abdomen stylate Family LII. PaoCTOTRYPiDyE.

Mandibles dentate ; tip of abdomen not stylate.

Labial palpi 3-jointed Family LIII. Belytid^.

Labial palpi 2Jointed : Family LIV. DIOPRIID.^.

6. Wingless forms 8

Winged forms.

Abdomen acute or margined along the sides and sessile- or subsessile 7

Abdomen rounded at sides, never acute or margined ; front tibia; with the apical
spur, strongly forked ; antenna; in 9 lo- or ll-jointed, in $ ll-jointed ; front
wings always without a postmarginal vein, the stigmal vein long, the mar-
ginal vein either linear or stigmated Family LV. Ceraphronid.^.

7. Front wings most frequently with marginal and stigmal veins ; antennas usually 12-

jointed in both se.xes, sometimes in 9 il-jointed, or 7-jointed when the club

joints coalesce and form a single large joint Family LVI. Scelionid^.

Front wings always without marginal and stigmal veins and most frequently en-
tirely veinless, at most with only a submarginal or subcostal vein, which is
sometimes clavate at apex ; antenna never more than lo-jointed, usually with
the same number of joints in both sexes, rarely only 8- or 9-jointed.

Family LVII. Pl.a.tygasterid.«.

8. Abdomen along the sides rounded, not acute or margined ; front tibia; with the

apical spur strongly forked Family LV. CeraphroniD/E.

Abdomen with the sides acute or margined ; front tibi?e with one spur.

Antennae 12-jointed, or if with a solid club 7-jointed; labial palpi two-jointed

or more Family LVI. ScELiONiD^.

Antennae lo-jointed or less ; labial palpi i -jointed.

P^amily LVII. Platygasterid^.

Family L. Pelecinid.-E.
This family is represented by a single genus, with several species, confined to
the New World, /. f., North and South America.

Dec.,i902.1 ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF PrOCTOTRYPID.^.

Our common species, Pcleciniis polytiirator Drury, is not rare in some of the
Northern States, in August and September, and the female forms a conspicuous object
when flying, since its flight is slow and difficult on account of its abnormally length-
ened abdomen. The male, on the contrary, is extremely rare and exceeding rapid in
flight. It is sharp-eyed, takes flight rapidly and is rarely captured.

According to Prof. S. A. Forbes, P. polytiirator Drury, lives parasitically upon
the larvae of our May beetles (Lachnosterna;).
Antennas 14-jointed, inserted on the middle of the face.

Abdomen in 9 very long, cylindrical, several times longer than the thorax, in $
clavate Pelecinus Latreille (type Ic/meumon polyturator DviVRn) .

Family LI. Helorid^.

This family is readily distinguished by the characters made use of in my table of
families. It forms a connecting link between the family Pelecinidae, probably the
oldest type of a Proctotrypoid, and the Proctotrypidae and the Belytidae.

The Helorina; attack the golden-eyed flies, Chrysopida;, while the Monoraachinae,
I suspect, are parasitic upon ant-lions, Myrmeleonidje.

Table of Subfamilies.

Claws simple ; basal nervure normal, not broken ; abdomen longly petiolated; antennas
14-jointed Subfamily I. MONOMACHIN^.

Claws pectinate ; basal nervure abruptly broken and bent downwards forming a tri-
angular discoidal cell ; antenna 15-jointed Subfamily II. HELORIN^.

Subfamily I. MONOMACHIN^.

Tal'le of Genera.

Front wings with only one discoidal cell, the first absent ; apex of metathorax strongly
produced beyond the insertion of the hind coxte ; body of abdomen in the female
strongly compressed, long, narrow, lanceolate, in male fusiform, head with temples
and cheeks strongly buccate ; scape of antenna; rather long.

Monomachus Westwood (type M. gladiator (Klug) Westwood).

Front wings with two discoidal cells, the first present ; apex of metathorax truncate ;

body of abdomen in $ compressed, as seen from the side triangular or pyriform

in outline ; head not buccate ; scape of antennae short Roptronia Provancher

(type R. pediadata Pkov.).

Subfamily II. HELORIN/E.
Only a single genus is known in this subfamily which may be recognized by the
following characters :
Antennas 15-jointed, the scape short; abdomen ovate or oblong-oval, the second

very large ; claws pectinate Helorus Latreille

(type Sphex anotnalipes Panger).

Family LII. Proctotrypid.e.
This family is parasitic upon the larvae of beetles and is easily separated from all
the 'other families by the edentate mandibles and by abdominal peculiarities ; the
abdomen in the females terminates in a stylus or cauda, in the males in two spines or

244 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

prongs. The antenna* are 13-jointed, with one ring joint, in both sexes, the scape
very short, oval, the pedicel very minute and often more or less hidden within the
apex of the scape.

Table of Genera.

1. Males; abdomen ending in two prongs or spines 3

Females; abdomen ending in a stylus or Cauda.

Wingl ess forms 2

Winged ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the last joint linear.

Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows Disogmus Forsier

(type Proctotr.ypes areolatns Hal. ).

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows Proctotrypes Latreille.

(type Ichneumon gravidator Linne).

2. Metathorax smooth ; maxillary palpi short, 3-jointed, the last joint subclavate.

Codrus yi/r?//c' (type Pi-octotrypes aplerogyniis Hal.).

3. Metathorax rugose or areolated ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed.

Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows Disogmus Forsier.

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows PrOCtotrypes Latreille.

Metathorax smooth, exareolate ; maxillary palpi 3-jointed QoAxXiS Jiirine.

Family LI I. Belytid.^.

The venation, which is quite distinct from the other families, distinguishes the
family. The antenna; are porrect, inserted on a frontal prominence, filiform, setaceous
or subclavate, and 14- or 15-jointed, with a long scape ; mandibles usually short, with
a tooth within, rarely falcate and decussate ; maxillary palpi 4 or 5-jointed ; labial
palpi 3-jointed; legs rather long and slender, the tibial spurs I, 2, 2, the tarsi long
and slender, 5-jointed, the claws always simple ; while the abdomen is variable in
shape but always distinctly petiolate.

The family comes quite close to the Diapriidce but is easily separated by having
3-jointed labial palpi and by the venation of the hind wings, which have a basal cell.

The group is supposed to be parasitic upon Dipterous larvae inhabiting fungi.
Beiyla ftdva Cameron is recorded from Bolitopliila luininosa.

Table of Genera.

1 . Females 2

Males 18

2. Antennae 13-jointed 1 7

Antennn8 14- or 15-jointed.

Antenna; 1 5 -j ointed 3

Antennae 14-join ted 16

3. Abdomen with more than 4 dorsal segments 6

Abdomen with 3 or 4 dorsal segments.

Marginal vein not or scarcely longer than the marginal cell 4

Marginal vein more than twice the length of the marginal cell.

Macrohynnis Forsier (type unknown).

4. First funicle joint not unusually long 5

P'irst funicle joint unusually long, nearly as long as all the rest of the joints

united, the intermediate joints transverse-moniliform.

Diphora Forsier (type D. zuestwoodi FoRST. ).

Dec.,i902.1 ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF PrOCTOTRYPID.E.

245

5. Abdomen with three, rarely with 4 dorsal segments, the second not greatly length-

ened, the third long and strongly compressed at sides ; marginal vein not shorter
than the marginal cell ; antenna? filiform, pubescent, the funicular joints all long.
Leptorhaptus Forster (type L. abbreviatus FoRSTEr).
Abdomen with 3 dorsal segments, the second very much lengthened, nearly ex-
tending to the tip of the abdomen, the third issuing from it as a short stylus ;
marginal vein usually distinctly shorter than the marginal cell, antennce filiform,

pubescent, the 5 or 6 terminal joints oval, the others long Miota Forster

(type unknown).

6. Abdomen with 7 or 8 dorsal segments 7

Abdomen with 5 or 6 dorsal segments, long and slender.

Abdomen with 5 segments, the last three long and slender, together as long as
the second and resembling the terminal segments of a scorpion ; antennae
long, filiform Scorpioteleia Ashmead. (Type S. niirabilis AsHM.).

Abdomen with 6 segments, the tip curving upwards, the second segment hardly
longer than the long petiole, dorsally triangularly excised at apex, the third a
little longer than 4 and 5 united, the last conical ; antenna filiform, the last
joint ovate, stouter and about as long as the two preceding joints united.

Stylidodon Ashmead (type S. politum Ashm. ).

7. Winged forms; thorax normal; ocelli present 7j4

Wingless ; thorax narrow, attenuated ; head oblong oval ; ocelli wanting.

Betula Cameron (type B. ftilva Cam.).

7j4. Abdomen with 8 dorsal segments • 9

Abdomen with 7 dorsal segments.

Antennae clavate-moniliform, the first funicle joint slightly longer than the
pedicel, all the others to the last, moniliform, the last enlarged, oval;
first abscissa of the radius usually straight, rarely very oblique.

Acropiesta Forster (type A. collaris FoRST. ).

9. Eyes bare '5

Eyes hairy.

Middle carina of metanotum not divided lO

Middle carina of metanotum divided, or wanting Belyta/w/w^

(type B. bicoior Jurine).

10. Postscutellum normal, unarmed II

Po.stscutellum armed with a strong thorn or spine Oxylabis Forster

(type Belyta bisulca Nees. ).

11. Third dorsal segment of abdomen not, or very little, longer than the fourth.. 12
Third dorsal segment of abdomen much longer than the fourth.

Mandibles short, small ; marginal vein as long as the marginal cell ; antennae
filiform, pubescent, the last flagellar joint more than twice as long as thick.

Cinetus Jurine (type unknown.)
Mandibles long, falcate, decussate ; marginal vein shorter than the marginal
cell ; last funicular joint not more than twice as long as thick.

Xenotoma Forster (type Belyta bicoior Nees. ).

12. Marginal cell open at apex ^3

Marginal cell closed.

246 Journal New York Ento.mological Society. [Voi. x.

First abscissa of the radius straight from the margin, shorter than the marginal

vein ; funicular joints only slightly shortening Zelotypa Forster

(type unknown).
First abscissa of the radius oblique, usually longer than the marginal vein ;
funicular joints strongly shortening, the apical joints wider than long.

Pantoclis Forster ( type Belyta brevis Nees).

13. Stigmal vein very short, with an uncus, marginal vein as long as the basal

nervure 14

Stigmal and postmarginal veins much shortened but distinct.

Stigmal vein originating at almost a right angle ; antenna; filiform, funicle
joints 2-12 transverse moniliform, the pedicel obconical.

Zygota Forster (type Belyta aljdoininalis Nees).
Stigmal vein originating at a very oblique angle ; antennae clavate, monili-
form, the first funicle joint only a little longer than thick and smaller
than the pedicel Aclista AJ/'.y/e'r (type unknown).

14. Mandibles conical, not rostriform ; paljji 4-jointed ; scape at tip produced into

a little spine Synacra Forster (type Diapria tjrm /lialis'^^.K?,).

15. Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows; marginal cell long, open ; anten-

nae clavate, moniliform, the first funicle joint slightly longer than the pedicel.

Psilomma Forster (type unknown).

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows ; marginal cell not long and closed ;

antennce subfiliform Ismarus IlaliJay (type /. dorsii^er Curtis).

16. Wingless; ocelli wanting Anommatium /'(V^A-r (type unknown ).

Winged ; ocelli present.

Marginal cell distinct, closed ; antennce filiform or subclavate.

Anectata Forster (type unknown).

Marginal cell wanting or only slightly developed ; antennae subclavate,
moniliform, pubescent, the first joint of funicle smaller than the pedi-
cel Pantolyta T^fV/'j/,?;' (type Belyta heterocera Hal).

17. Parapsidal furrows obsolete ; angles of metathora.K spined.

Malvina Cameron (type I\[. punctata Cam).

18. Petiole of abdomen nearly twice as long as the metathorax 19

Petiole of abdomen not, or scarcely, longer than the metathorax 21

19. Marginal vein not twice as long as the marginal cell 20

Marginal vein twice as long as the marginal cell Macrohynnis torster.

20. Second abdominal segment compressed laterally ; petiole above smooth.

Antennas filiform, the scape as long as the first funicular joint, the latter

strongly emarginate at base Leptorhaptus F'oister.

Antenna; filiform, pubescent, the scape shorter than the first tunicular joint,

the latter not so strongly emarginate at base Miota Forster.

Second abdominal segment not compressed laterally, the abdomen becoming
more flattened behind this segment, the petiole above more or less furrowed ;
scape longer than the first funicle joint QvnQtuS Jnrhie.

21. Middle carina of metathorax not divided 22

Middle carina of metathorax divided or absent.

Dec.,x9o..] AsHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF PROCTOTRYPID.^. 247

Marginal vein scarcely kn.ger than the stigmal, the marginal cell long ;_ an-
.^n. hli.nn,al, the 30U.S Ion,. c.Hnancal, the ^^^^^^
emarginate at base •

22. Postscutellum without a spine. Oxv'labis7^1^/.r.

Postscutelium with a spine or thorn J ^^

23. Eyes hairy 29

Eyes bare ' -t

2A Scape normal, not produced on one side into a tooth at apex J.

"■ sL; .,»o™., I a,.ca, ,„.,„n o„ one si.e V'^-'^I^^^Xi^^-

cell closed 26

25. Marginal cell completely closed ^g

Mqrtjinal cell open or wanting ■" ,

.6. mS;;;:, .ei,, « ,=». ...ice .s ,..„, «s .,. ««. a^scis^ «r «,= ,ac,u„ ,.,g...

latter usually oblique. ,

Marginal cell abnormally large, lanceolate, extendmg nearly to the tip of

th*^ ^^-i^g- , , ...Betyla Ca.^e.on.

Marginal cell normal

Last ventral segment straight and punctate. ^ . c- /

Front tibiK normal

Front tibiK bent with a spined process near the middle.

Zygota Forster.

Last ventral segment somewhat bent, impunctate. ...PantOcUs Forster.
.7. First abscissa of the radius (the stigmal vein) straight or V^^^^^^'--^^^.

a right angle with the margin, rarely slightly oblique Zelotypa Fo.sta .

0% Marginal cell more or less present.

Marginal cell much lengthened; front tibia, bent and outwardly on s de

near the middle, produced into a tooth or spine Zygota Forsta.

Marginal cell not much lengthened; front tibia, normal Acl.sta Forste, .

'^^^^;te:::itinct ; antenn. hli^rm, pubescent, the joints lengthened,
'le first flagellar pint t.ice as long as ^^ Pe-1 and sl^y^^

filiform, the fi« flagellar joint longer than the second, hghtly en.ar.mat.
at base, the joints after the second hardly tw.ce as long a-'™^,_^__^^ ^^^.^^^,.^

Mesonotnn, withont paraps.dal furrows; nrarginal cell -^"^'^J^^;^
not stont, the first flagellar joint shorter than the second...lsmaruS IhUula,

248 Journal New York Entomological Society.

[Vol.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of May 6, 1902.

A regLiIar meeting of tlie New York Entomological Society was held at the
American Museum of Natural History. President Groth in the chair with thirteen
members present.

Messrs. Graef, Roberts. Sherman and Southwick were elected active members
of the society.

Some discussion was held in reference to an amendment to provide for the office
of librarian, and upon motion of Mr. Love, the secretary, and Mr. Joutel were ap-
pointed to draft such an amendment to propose at the ne.xt regular meeting.

After some discussion the society decided to take some acUon concerning the loss
of Mr. Schaeffer's services to the museum. Mr. Southwick moved that a committee of
three be appointed to draft a resolution e.xpressing the regret of the society. The
president appointed to serve on that committee Messrs. Love, Barber and Zabriskie.
After a few moments' intermission the committee presented the following resolution :
The New York Entomological Society having learned that Mr. Charles Schaeffer
is to sever his connection with the American Museum of Natural History, wishes to
express its high appreciation of his ability and worth and its regrets that the museum
is lo lose his services.

Mr. Southwick moved the adoption of the resolution, which was carried and the
secretary was instructed to forward a copy to the director of the museum, Mr. H. C.
Bum pus.

Mr. Joutel exhibited some colored drawings of an undescribed Limacodid larva
and also illustrations of Adoneta spinidoides for purposes of comparison. He called
attention to the entirely different dorsal pattern of the two which also differ in color.
The new Limacodid larva also had enlarged and extremely elongated horns on the
last segment. The horns in the second segment were also much thicker and longer than
those on A. spinii/oides. The larva may prove to be Monoleuca semifacia of which
the larva is unknown at present. As Dr. Dyar, to whom he had given the cocoons,
had been unsuccessful in rearing them the larva was still in doubt.

Mr. Beyer made some remarks in his e.xperience in breeding Coleoptera in Lower
California. He obtained the best results by placing the infested wood in a box with
no additional moisture. He stated that many species which were at present rare in
collections, were in reality found to be common when properly bred.
Society adjourned.

Meeting of May 20, 1902.
A regular meeting of the society was held at the American Museum of Natural
History, with President Groth in the chair and eleven members present.

The secretary read a communication received from Dr. Bumpus acknowledging
the receipt of the society's resolution in reference to Mr. Schaeffer.

The committee appointed to draft an amendment clause to the by-laws to provide
for the office of librarian proposed the following amendment :

Article IV shall be amended to include the office of librarian.

Dec, igo2.J

Proceedings of the Society. 249

Article IX.— It shall be the duty of the librarian to receive and take charge of
all books, pamphlets and other publications acquired by the society and to keep a
complete record and catalogue of all acquisitions. He shall publish in each journal
a list of additions obtained during the previous quarter. He shall keep a record of
the copies of the journal used in exchange and held in reserve, and also see that ex-
changes are regularly received. He shall make an annual report to the society. He
shall also attend to such other duties as may be determined by the society.
By motion of Mr. O'Connor the society accepted the report.

There was considerable discussion in reference to the present state of the library
and it seemed to be the consensus of opinion that the number of our journals now-
published could well be reduced.

Mr. Leng exhibited a very fine collection of Cicindelidie which represents nearly
all of the species and varieties to be obtained in the United States and made some
remarks on the geographical range of a number of the species. Mr. Leng pointed
out that certain species were rare in collections because they occurred only in a limited
area. For example, C. hyperlwrea has been found only at Methy Portage, 500 miles
north of the Canadian boundary, 6". perviridcs only in the Sierra Nevada, California,
and C. siri^^a only in Florida. He stated that the Rocky Mountains limited the
westward range of many of our species, sculellaris for example or iex-g7ittata. Many
species are confined to the Atlantic sea-board or the Southern States and compara-
tively few to California. Many extend over a wide area and if their range crosses the
Rocky Mountains it seems usually to cross the Sierra Nevada also. He alluded to
the distribution of C. lon'^ilabris inhabiting all of Canada apparently, Maine, White
Mountains, Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada ; also C. lepida and C. limbaia oc-
curring in widely separated regions.

He mentioned the occurrence of C. nifiventris in New Jersey in the East Plains,
near Brookville, in July. He also spoke of the scarcity of records from West Vir-
ginia, Tennessee and Kentucky which seems to indicate that there is an extensive ter-
ritory thereabout which has been insufficiently worked.

In discussing the paper Mr. Schaefter mentioned having taken a single specimen
•of Cicindela unipiuidata at Bronx Park several years ago.

Mr. Joutel stated that he had taken C. scutellaris near Aqueduct, Long Island,
in a very restricted locality.

Mr. Barber then spoke on " The Families of the Aquatic Hemiptera." He
showed a few typical specimens to represent the aquatic and subaquatic families of
hemiptera that occur in the United States. He briefly stated the family characteris-
tics and mentioned the occurrence of the various representatives of the families in the
■eastern United States.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of June 3, 1902.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at the
American Museum. President Groth presided with the following members present :
Messrs. Barber, Joutel, Love, O'Connor, Schaeffer, Sherman, Torre-Bueno, and Watson.

A communication from Dr. Britton in reference to a grant of ^50.00 for research
was read. After some discussion Dr. Love moved that the communication be tabled.
Carried.

250 Journal New York I^viumological Society. [Voi. x.

Mr. Joutel, of the Field Committee, reported that the Jamesburg field meeting in
which the society expected to participate, along with other societies, had l)een aban-
doned. He also reported on the satisfactory results of the Ramapo meeting and
annoimced the next field trip would be to Little Falls, N. J., on Sunday, June 15.

The amendment to the by laws to provide for the office of librarian, proposed at
the last regular meeting of the society, was on motion of Mr. Joutel accepted.

Dr. Love moved that this ammendment be numbered IX, and the succeeding
numbers be changed to conform. Carried.

On motion of Dr. Love, Mr. Schaeffer was nominated as librarian. Dr. Love
moved that the secretary be impowered to cast the unanimous vote of the society for
Mr. Schaeffer as librarian. Carrie 1. As instructed the secretary cast a unanimous
vote for Mr. Schaeffer.

A communication from Mr. Beutenmiiller was read in which he advised the so-
ciety to present to the Congressional Library at Washington a complete set of the
Journal. He also announced that the Hubbard and Schwartz collection ot
Coleoptera was now the property of the U. S. National Museum.

On motion of Dr. Love the society voted to present a set of our Jhurnal to the
Congressional Library.

Mr. Torre Bueno then read a paper entitled " Some Preliminary Notes on
the Early Stages of Notonecta."' Mr. Bueno stated that in one case the female in his
aquarium deposited eggs the latter part of March and in another case on the nth of
May. The average period of incubation was thirteen days. He pointed out that the
manner in which the eggs were deposited was cjuite different from the usual account,
as he found that the female did not make a slit in the epidermis of the leaf or stem,
but merely glued the eggs along the sides in a rather irregular fashion on the surface.
One female on May nth deposited a batch of thirty eggs. He gave a full detailed
description of the egg and the young larva up to the second moult. About fifteen days
elapsed between emergence of larvae and first moult, and eleven days between the first
and second moult. He stated that he had considerable difficulty in securing the right
kind of food for the developing young, and because of their cannibalistic habits he
had experienced some trouble in rearing them to the second stage. The eggs and
larvae are jVotoiiecta iindnlata. Mr. Bueno exhibited some microscopic .slides showing
the various conditions of eggs and larvce.

Mr. Schaeffer presented some Coleoptera notes with specimens and made some
remarks on the range and habits of a few forms.

Meeting of June 17, 1902.

A regular meeting of the society was lield at the residence of Mr. Louis H.
Joutel, 164 East 117th St. Mr. Grolh in the chair with the members present : Messrs.
Barber, Beyer, Comstock, Davis, Green, Holmes, Joutel, Leng, Love, Miinch,
Schaeffer and Watson.

On motion of Mr. Barber the society directed the field committee to arrange for
an excursion to Jamesburg, N. J., for July 4 to 6.

Moved by Mr. Leng and seconded that the society pay the expenses of one mem-
ber of the field committee in order that he might visit Jamesburg previous to the meet-
ing and report to the members the sort of accommodations to be obtained. Carried

Dec, 1902.] Proceedings of the Society. 251

The field committee reported that only three members attended the field meeting
at Singac, N. J., on June 15.

The first paper of the evening was by Mr. Schaeffer ' ' On Some New Myrme-
cophilons Collected in Texas by Mr. Brues." Mr. Schaeffer explained the novel way
in which Mr. Brues had taken the beetles in ant hills and gave the following list
of captures: One new species of silphid, Ptoviophagiis texanus (n. sp. ), Eatonidia
wheeieri Was., and Ecitoxemia brez'ipes Brues.

Mr. Joutel showed some of the larvce and cocoons of the Japanese Caligula
japonic a.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of October 7, 1902.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at the
American Museum of Natural History. President C. F. Groth presided with eleven
members and two visitors present.

Mr. Barber, of the Auditing Committee, reported that the committee had exam-
ined the accounts of the treasurer and found them correct.

A communication from Mr. Beutenmiiller was read, in which he stated that he
took pleasure in turning over to the society all of the books and pamphlets received
by him in exchange for the Journal.

Mr. Kearfott introduced and moved the adoption of the following resolution ;
Resolved that the thanks of the society be extended to Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller for his
care and safe keeping of the society's library; and that a copy of these resolutions be
transmitted by the secretary to Mr. Beutenmiiller. Resolution adopted.

Moved by Ur. Love and seconded, that the librarian prepare a list of all papers
and books in the possession of the society, together with a list of m'ssing numbers, in
order that the publication committee might revise the exchanges, and report the same
to the society as early as possible. Carried.

Mr. Davis spoke about " Some Beetle Remains from a Staten Island Peat Bog."
He stated that during the summer of 1899 a small pond in the Moravian Cemetery on
Staten Island was drained and the mud and vegetable remains removed and piled
along the margin of the pond. This material could be separated into thin sheets,
and the vegetable growth of centuries, that had been deposited layer upon layer,
could be turned over and examined just as could the leaves of a book. On examin-
ing these layers with a lens the elytra of a species Donacia were found and also a
number of the pupa cases which Donacia attach to various water plants. The remains
were not sufficiently well preserved to enable him to determine the species. Mr. Davis
exhibited a number of these beetle remains just as they were found imbedded in the
peat.

Mr Schaeffer said that he wished to put on record the capture of the true
queen of the white ant ( Tenncs flavipes) at Mosholu this summer. He explained the
manner in which he had obtained the queen by chopping into pieces a piece o'
infested wood. Mr. .Schaeffer remarked that Professor L. O. Howard in his " Insect
Book" states that the true queen of the white ant has never been found in the United
States

He also exhibited both sexes of Tctranodes nivicollis of which Mr. Linell,
when describing it, had only the male, remarking under the description ihat it

252 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. x.

would be interesting to know if the greatly inflated antennal joints are only pecu-
liar to the male or common to both sexes. Mr. Schaeffer said that possessing both
sexes he can add to the description that the female has the same joints simple, like
our species of Eiiderces to which Tetranodes is closely allied.

He also exhibited a few specimens of the hithertofore unique Lachnosterna ceqttalis
Lee. and also one specimen of /,. exorata Horn., both from Brownsville, Texas. Of
the former only females are known and of the latter only males and he said that there
is hardly any doubt that exorata is the male of aqiialis. Dr. Horn's description of
exorata fits equally well aqualii except in some sexual differences.

In the discussion which followed Mr. Joutel stated that he had recorded in this
Journal the capture of the true queen of the white ant several years ago.

Mr. Hugo Pfordte made some interesting remarks on collecting liuttertlies in Peru,
S. Am. He exhibited a number of colored reproductions made l)y his father, Mr.
Otto Pfordte, from the material obtained in South America.

Mr. Joutel exhibited a live nymph of the preying mantis ( Tenodero sintnsis)
which he had reared in his yard from eggs sent to him from Philadelphia by Mr.
P. Laurent. Mr. Joutel stated that he had placed a number of the egg masses of
this species in the Fort Lee district with the hope that they would survive as they
have at Phiadelphia.

Meeting of- October 21, 1902.

A regular meeting of the society was held at the residence of Mr. L. H. Joutel,
No. 164 East 117th Street. President C. F. Groth in the chair with sixteen members
and two visitors present.

Mr. Watson proposed as an active member Islv. Chas. Meyers, 993 Boston
Road, City.

In a communication read by the Secretary Mr. Pieutenmuller presented a number
of his entomological writings to the Society.

Moved by Dr. Love and duly seconded that the thanks of the society be ex-
tended to Mr. Beutenmiiller for the papers and books received. Carried.

Dr. A. S. Packard made a few remarks concerning the progress that was being
made by him in the revision of certain groups of the Bombycine moths. He stated
some interesting facts about the distribution of certain genera which occurred in
South America and also in Africa. The evidence seemed to show that there might
have existed some sort of a land communication between the two countries at one
time.

Mr. Leng spoke of the " Local Races of Ciciiidela'" and exhibited specimens of
C. rugifrons irom Massachusetts, from Long Island and from the Pine Barrens of New
Jersey ; each form presented recognizable characteristics resulting from the isolation of
its abode and consequent inbreeding over a large period. While the localities repre-
sented are not widely separated in respect of miles, and the distance would not pre-
clude communication among insects which fly or are carried by wind storms or floods,
the separation is complete for insects like the Cicindelidae, which are restricted to a
limited suitable area and whose larvae burrow in the sand while the imagines seek
shelter as soon as the weather becomes even cloudy. Specimens of C. tinicolor, also
exhibited, from North Carolina and from Louisiana showed even more marked differ-
ences, as might be expected from the greater distance involved. In the case of C.

Dec, 1902.] Proceedings of the Society. 253

6-guttata specimens were shown from Louisiana and New York and the differences
were evident. In this species the local races have already received names as exempli-
fied in harrisii and violacea.

Specimens of C. lecontei were shown from Iowa and from Canada and served ta
enforce the argument, viz : that in Cicindela each described species having any extended
range consists of a group of closely related races recognizable even when only
moderately removed geographically and remarkably different when the geographical
separation is considerable.

Mr. Davis stated that while in the pine barrens at Lakehurst, N. J., Mr. Leng
and himself saw many specimens of Heinileuca ftiaia flying over the scrub-oak, etc.,
on the mornings of October 18 and 19. None was noticed in the afternoon. As the
moths flew rapidly they were exceedingly difficult to capture.

Mr. Davis also exhibited two mature specimens of the Japanese mantis ( Tcno-
dero sinensis^ which were raised in his garden at New Brighton, Staten Island, from
eggs presented to him by Mr. P. Laurent, of Philadelphia. He stated that the in-
sects had lately been fed on raw meat.

Mr. Doll recorded the fact that while in the Adirondack Mountains the past
summer he had collected and since reared lo the pupa stage what is undoubtedly a
new variety and possibly a new species of moth, judging from the peculiarities of the
caterpillar. The larva is quite similar to C. iniperialis.

Mr. Joutel exhibited a Hydra:i-ia moth which he had reared from the caterpillar.
Mr. Bird pronounced it to be //. appasyionata, a very rare moth, of which the type is
in the British Museum.

On the invitation of Mr. Leng, Dr. Love moved that the next meeting of the
society be held at the residence of Mr. Chas. W. Leng, 119 Columbia street. West
New Brighton, S. I., on the afternoon of November 4.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of November 4, 1902.

An informal meeting of the society was held at the residence of Mr. Chas. Leng,
119 Columbia street. West New Brighton, Staten Island, at 2.30 P. M.

A short business session was held with President C. F. Groth in the chair. Ten
members and three visitors present.

Chas. Meyers, 993 Boston Road, was elected an active member of the society.

A communication from Prof. J. B. Smith was read in reference to giving us a
lecture on " Mosquitoes, Their Life-History and Habits."

Dr. Love moved that the thanks of the society be extended to Professor Smith
and that the secretary and president arrange for the museum hall, dates, etc., with the
museum authorities.

Mr. Leng exhibited under the microscope a specimen of Steniis sp. received by
Mr. Luetkins from Texas that showed the ligula much extended after death. The
reason for this protrusion of the ligula is not known and it seems to have been rarely
noticed. Mr. Casey remarks in one of his papers that it occurred in only three speci-
mens out of 3,000 that had come under his observation. This peculiarity has not
been recorded as occurring in any other Coleoptera so far as known.

Mr. Davis exhibited a live specimen of Hydrophiltis ovahis, which is quite rare
in this locality, collected at Mariner's Harbor, Staten Island.

254 Journal Nrw York Entomological Society. [Voi. x.

Society adjourned to partake of an excellent luncheon and inspect Mr. Leng's
collection of Coleoptera, which is particularly rich in Cicindelida? and Coccinellidae.

Meeting of November i8, 1902.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at the
American Mu.'^eum of Natural History. President C. F. Groth presided, with thirteen
members present.

Mr. Charles Meyers proposed as active members : Mr. C. P. Benedict, Manor
Road, West New Brighton, and Mr. Charles E. Snyder, 2140 Prospect Avenue,
Bronx Park, City.

Mr. Leng moved that a committee of five be appointed by the president to
solicit contributions of money and manuscript for the purpose of publishing a Hand-
book of Coleoptera of Northeast America. Carried.

Mr. Watson recorded the capture of four specimens of Alonoleitca seinifascia at
South Lakewood, N. J., on July II, 1902. Being attracted by the lights they
were captured on the screen door. This species is extremely rare in this locality as
only one previous record of its capture has been found and that at Morris Plains, N. J.

Mr. Watson also made some remarks "On the Larvae of Thecla tints Fabr."
He stated that the butterfly is single-brooded, quite generally distributed, and locally
common about New York city. It is found on the wing from the middle of June to
the middle of July. The larvae are slug-shaped and of a general green color, pinkish
at either extremity. They are about '.( of ^" mch long when full grown. He found
the larvae full grown on May 24, 1902, at Van Cortlandt Park feeding on wild
cherry. The larvre are night feeders, and he found them during the day hiding on
the stems of small plants, or in most cases, buried an inch or two beneath the surface
of the ground. They were sometimes found just above the surface but covered with
dirt, etc., which had been piled up by ants. The larvae always had a few ants crawl-
ing about them, which feed on the juices which exude from the caterpillars. Some-
times the ants were so numerous as to completely cover the caterpillars. It was a
very easy matter to locate the caterpillars by looking around the base of the wild
cherry for the ant workings. When ant workings were missing no larvae were found.

Mr. Joutel stated that he had found the larvae of Thecla acndica at Greenwood
Lake, and that while some of the larvae were in hiding at the base of the stems dur-
ing the day, there were some of all ages feeding on the leaves, so that it cannot be
called a nocturnal feeder. The ants take great care of the larvae, and as Mr. Wat-
son remarked of the larvje of Thecla titiis, feed on the exudations of the caterpillar.
It is still a question in what stage the insect winters, as what were undoubtedly eggs
of this species were found on the leaves by Mr. Watson and himself. All of the
larvae pupated and emerged at the same season, but he had no opportunity to visit the
locality later to look for a second brood.

Mr. Barber exhibited a collection of Coleoptera made at Cold Spring Harbor,
Long Island, during the past summer, and made some remarks about the excellency
of the locality as a collecting ground.

The president appointed the following committee of five to secure contributions
for the Handbook of Coleoptera: Messrs. Leng, Davis, Joutel, Love and Schaeffer.

Index to Volume X.

Acanthocampa,gen. nov.

,100

Arctia phalerata.

5

Carriker, M. A.,

article

belina,

lOI

radians, life-history of,

82

by,

216

Achatodes zex,

216

Arctobiella, gen. nov.,

188

Cassida, sp. nov.

170

Aclista, genus of, 246,

247

obscura, sp. nov..

188

Ceraphronida;, family of,

242

Ancistrona gigas,

25

Ashmead, W. H., arti-

Cerceris kennicotti.

212

Acrometopia maculata.

cle by.

240

Chapman, B. L. ,

ar-

sp. nov.,

185

Aspidiotes latani;^.

31

tides by

20,

155

punctata, sp. nov.,

185

smilacis.

32

Choreutes, synop

. of.

I lO

Acropiesta, genus of, 245,247

Asterolecanium pustu-

busckiella, sp.

nov. ,

120

collaris,

245

lans.

29

carduiella, sp.

nov.,

116

Acontia niveicollis, sp.

Autographa, species of.

62

coloradella, sp

nov. ,

123

nov..

51

genus of,

81

dyarella, sp. nov..

112

semiatra, sp. nov. ,

52

albavitta, sp. nov..

75

extrincicella.

122

tenuescens, sp. nov.,

53

altera, sp. nov..

69

gnaphaliella, sp. nov

.,

Aedes smithii, life-his-

alias, sp. nov. ,

69

113

tory of.

10

arctica, sp. nov..

64

inflatella.

no

fuscus, larva of.

197

excelsa, sp. nov..

71

leucobasis.

124

Agromyza flavonigra, sp.

pallida, sp. nov., '

71

occidentella,

122

nov..

189

rubida, sp. nov..

67

onustana,

112

parvicella, sp. nov.,

189

simplicima, sp. nov..

74

silphiella.

114

picta, sp. nov..

188

solida, sp. nov..

66

socorculella.

121

pruinosa, sp. nov..

189

speciosa, sp. nov.,

73

virginiella.

III

varifrons, sp, nov.,

189

variana, sp. nov.,

70

Cicindela abdominalis.

viridula, sp. nov..

190

v-alba, sp. nov..

73

136,

239

Akidoproctus, gen. nov.

227

zeta, sp. nov..

70

consentanea.

238

kelloggii, sp. nov..

228

Aurivillius, gen. nov..

104

cumatilis.

134

Alaria florida.

215

aratus,

105

denverensis.

^33

Alticomerus trinotata.

186

Babaiaxa, gen. nov..

95

generosa.

238

Anectata, gen. of, 246,

247

delliella.

95

harrisii.

252

Anesychia multipunc-

Banks, N., article by,

209

hyperborea,

249

tella,

206

Belytidffi, family of,

242

lepida,

239

Anisops, genus of,

231

Belyta, genus of, 245

247

lecontei,

252

platycnemis.

236

bicolor,

245

longilabris.

249

Anisolabis maritima.

172

Betten, C, article by.

147

ludoviciana.

133

Anommatium, genus of.

246

Beutenmiiller, W. , articl

e

modesta,

237

Anopheles eiseni, sp.

by,

126

perviridis.

249

nov..

192

Betula, genus of.

245

punctulata,

134,

135

philippinensis,sp. nov.

,128

fulva.

245

purpurea,

238

pseudobarbirostris, sp

Biastobasis, genus of,

96

repanda.

134,

238

nov.,

129

guilandinte,

96

rugifrons,

237

252

Anthidium perpictum.

213

sciaphiella.

96

rufiventris.

239

Anthrax extremitis, sp.

Bird, H., article by,

214

sexguttata,

132

nov..

138

Bueno, Torre, article by,

splendida.

133

Amblychila piccolimini,

56

L230

1 striga,

249

Ammophila gryphus.

213

Busck, A., article by,

89

tortuosa.

134

135

pictipennis,

210

Cacelice, gen. nov..

93

unicolor.

132

urnaria.

210

permolestella, sp. nov

•, 93

unipunctata,

237

vulgaris.

210

Calocampa, species of.

77

violacea.

252

Arctia arge, life-history

brillians, sp. nov..

78

vulgaris.

133

238

of.

I

Carmenta cretata, larva

wapleri.

135

nais, life-history of.

2, 5

of,

255

54

l2-guttata,

239

256

Journal New York Entomolocical Society.

Cinetus, genus of, 245

246

Codrus, genus of,

244

apterogynus.

244

Coelioxys texanus,

212

Coenia bisetosa, sp. nov.

183

Colpocephalum brachy

sonnum, sp. nov..

162

conspicuum, sp. nov.,

163

discrepans, sp. nov.,

165

epiphanes, sp. nov.,

161

flavescens,

25

funebre,

25

kilanensis, sp. nov.,

161

maculatum.

25

4-maculatus, sp.nov..

223

Coquillett,. D. W., arti-

cles by, 136, 169, 177

191

Coreihra brakeleyi, larvn

of,

200

trivittata, larva of,

201

Corethrella, gen. nov.,

191

Cosmia punctirena, larva

of,

169

Cosmopteryx floridanella

, 98

Crimoua, gen. nov..

49

pallimedia, sp. nov..

49

Crocisa ramosa.

213

Cyathissa pallida, sp.

nov..

35

Cychrus, notes on.

55

Cyrtophyllus concavus,

174

Culex annulatus,

131

atropalpus, larva of.

195

canadensis, larva of,

194

cyanescens, sp. nov. ,

137

dyari, sp. nov..

192

larva of.

199

melanurus, sp. nov..

193

larva of.

198

pipiens.

10

pungens,

10

restuans, larva of.

199

trivittatus, sp. nov.,

193

sollicitans, larva of.

197

sylvestris, larva of,

196

Decophorus cephalosus.

sp. nov.,

217

Desmometopa luteola.

sp. nov..

188

Diabrotica peregrina,

176

Diapriidos,

242

Dichceta furcata, sp.

nov..

182

Diphora, genus of.

244

westwoodii.

244

Dirphia carminata, sp.

nov.,

54

Discocerina incisa, sp.

nov.,

182

Disogmus, genus of, 244

areolatus, 244

Donacia, note on, 251

Docophorus ceblebrachys.

21

communis, 21, 186

distinctus, 21

fuliginosus, 20

fusiformis, 20

hawaiiensis, var. nov., 157
macgregori, sp. nov., 156
melanocephalus, 20

rutteri, 21

speotyi, 21

Dyar, H. G. , articles by,

125, 143, 194, 202, 208
Eatonidia wheeleri, 250

Eburia stigmatica, 176 I

Ecyrus fasciatus, 176

Ecitoxemia brevipes, 250
Ellida caniplaga, life-
history, 143
Epeolus remigatus, 210
Ephydra pilicornis, sp.

nov., 184

Eosphoroptonyx, gen.

nov., 80

species of, 62, 64

Ethmia albistrigella, 203

apicipunctella, 207

arctostaphylella, 203

chambersella, 20S

confusella, 205

coranella, sp. nov., 207
discostrigella, 204

fuscipedella, 203

haganella, 207

josephinella, sp. nov., 205
longimaculella, 207

marniorea, 206

mirusella, 203

monticola, 203

obscurella, 203

semiombra, sp. nov., 206
semitenebrella, sp. nov.,

204
subca:rulea, 205

texanella, 208

tifurcella, 206

zelleriella, 207

Euaresta stigmatica, sp.

nov., 180

Eucalyptera strigata, sp.

nov., 45

Euchalia, genus of, 81

species of, 62, 63

Eumeyrickia, gen. nov., 94

trimaculella, 94

Euthisanotia timais, 125

Euthyatira pennsylvanica,

var. nov., 34.

Feltia subgothica, 36

edentata, sp. nov., 38

Frenus jaculator, 213
Goniocotes chinensis, var.

nov., 160

Hadena macerata, 40

miseloides, 39

unicincta, 41

Halictus ligatus, 212

Helice, genus of, 89^

Ileliotliis rhexia, larva, 175
Helotropha obtusa, sp.

nov. , 45

Heloridre, 242

Helorus, genus of, 243

anomalipes, 243

Hemileuca maia. 253

Hemeromyia, gen. nov., 190

obscura, sp. nov., 190
Herrick, G. W., article

by, _ 15

Hydrophilus ovatus, 253

Hyponomeuta texanella, 207

Ibidion exclamationis, 176

townsendi, 176

Ismarus, genus of, 246, 247

dorsiger, 246
Kearfott, W. D., article

by, 106
Kellogg, L. v., articles

^by, 20, 155
Kuwana, S. I., article

by, 28

Lachnosterna requalis, 251

exorata, 251
Lremobothrum loomisi,

sp. nov. , 23
Lauxania cinerea, sp.

nov., 179

longicornis, sp. nov., 178

lulia, sp. nov., 179

nigrimana, sp. nov., 179

variceps, sp. nov., 178

Eebia bilceniata, 1 76
Lecanium hemisphasri-

cum, 30

pacificum, var. nov., 30
Leng, C. \V., articles

by, 131, 236
Leptorhaptus, genus of,

245, 246

abbreviatus, 245
Liperus comstockii, sp.

nov., 23.

farallonii, 22

ferox, 22

ludens, i86»

Index.

259

Liperus minhaensis, var.

nov., 159

mcilhenyi, 22

Ludlow, C. S., articles

by, 127,131

Luperina trigona, sp.

nov., 39

Lygranthoecia rivulosa,
larva of, ^75

Macrohvnnis, genus of,
244,
Macronoctua onusta,
Malvina, genus of,

punctata,
Mamestra, circumvadis,
sp. nov.,
vau-orbicularis, sp.
nov., 42,

Marmara, genus of,
Martyringa, gen. nov.,

latipennis,
Melissa rufipes,
Melissodes bimaculata,
209,
pungens,
Menopon alaskensis, sp.
nov.,
cyrtostigmum, sp.

nov.,
funereum,

hawaiiensis, sp. nov.,
infrequens,
invadens, sp. nov.,
kuwani, sp. nov.,
hilensis, sp. nov.,
mesoleucum,
persignatum,
Micraga nsnea,
Microcentrum lauri-

folium,
Micropeza bisetosa, sp.

nov.,
Milichia maculata,
robertsoni, sp. nov.,
speciosa,
Miota, genus of, 245,
Molanna cinerea, larva

of,
Morapha sexnotella,
Monoleuca semifascia,
Monomachinee,
Monomachus, genus of,

gladiator,
Myzine sexcincta,
Nirmus angustifrons, sp.
nov.,
complexivus,
diaprepes, sp. nov..

159
21

.159

21

220

21

219

246
214

246
246

42

142

98

96

96
213

210
212

27

165
26

165
26

167
26

166
27
26

176

173

177

185
1S7
185
246

147

97

248

243
243
243
210

Nirmus emarginatus,
fissus,

hawaiiensis, var. nov.,
incoenis,

infrequens, sp. nov.,
luprepes, sp. nov.,
nigropictus, var. nov.,
magnocephalus, var.

nov.,
minhaensis, sp. nov ,
splendidus,
stenozomus, sp. nov.,
trimarginis, sp. nov.,
Nitzschia tibialis, var.

nov.,
Noctua spreta, sp. nov. ,
Nonagria oblonga,
Notonectinse,
Notonectidse,
Notonecta insulata,
irrorata,
var. maculata,
uhleri,
undulata,
variabilis,
Odinia immaculata, sp.
nov.,
peleterii,
trinotata,
Odynerus conformis,
I Oncideres texana,
' Oncocnemis balteata, sp.
' nov. ,

regina, sp. nov.,
{ )ncophorus advena,

bisetosa,
Orthezia galapagoensis,

sp. nov.,
Ottolengui, R., articles

by, 57, 77

Oxycnemis fusimacula,

sp. nov., 50

Oxylabris, genus of, 245, 247

bisulca, 245

Panchrysia, genus of, 80

species of, 62, 63

Pangonia seminuda, sp.

nov., 137

Pantoclis, genus of, 246

. brevis, 246

Pantolyta, genus of, 246, 247
heterocera, 246

I Paralimnanuda, sp.nov., 182
Parephydra, gen. nov., 183

humilis, sp. nov.,
Parodinia, gen. nov.,
221 cinerea, sp. nov.,

21 Pelecinid?e,
158 I Pelecinus polypurator,

218

157
22

158
222

225
36
215
231
230
232
235
233
235
233
234

185
185
185
212

15

43

44

168

23

28

191

191

224
171

242

46

231

, 232
80.

183

186
186
241
243

Phytomyza bicolor, sp.
nov.,
palliata, sp. nov.,
Physostomum pictura-

tus, sp. nov.,
Pieris virginiensis,
Platygasteridse,
Platysenta albipuncta,

sp. nov.,
Pleince,

Plea striola, 23 1

PI u si a, genus of,

species of. 62, 63

Plutella multimaculella, 97
Podagra, gen. nov., 48

crassipes, sp. nov., 48

Polychrysia, genus of, 79
species of, 62, 63

Priocera serraticollis, 176
Proc. N. Y. Ent. Soc,

55, 170, 248

Proleucoptera, gen. nov., 98

Proctotrypidee, 242

Proctotrypes gravidator, 244

Psecadia albicostella, 203

plumbeella, 206

semiopaca, 206

walsinghamella, 207

Pseudodinia, gen. nov., 187

varipes, sp. nov., 187

Psilomma, genus of, 246, 247

Ptomophagus texanus, 250

Pycnopogon divisus, sp.

nov.,
Rhicnoessa costalis,
Roptronia, genus of,

pediculata,
Saperda hornii,
Sapromyza glauca, sp.
nov.,
puncticeps, sp. nov.,
vittigera, sp. nov.,
Sarapogon dispar, sp

nov.,
Scatella triseta, sp. nov., 184
Scapteriscus didactylus, 173
Scelionida;, 242
Sciapus breviseta, sp.
nov.,
clunalis, sp. nov.,
longiseta, sp. nov.,
Sciodromia palliata, sp.

nov.,
Scolia lecontei,
Scorpioteleia,

mirabilis,
Scotolemon brunnea, sp
nov..

139

187
243
243
170

177
178
178

139

140
141
141

140
212

245
245

142

Seifert, O., articles by, I, 82

260

Journal New York Entomological Society.

Sesia palmii, sp. nov.
Smith, J. B., articles
lo,
Stylidodon, genus of,

politum,
Synacra, genus of,

brachialis,
Syngrapha, genus of,

species of,
Tabanus macuiosus,

nov.,
Taeniocamjia alurina,

nov.,
Tenodera sinensis.

. ,

126

Tephritis gemella, sp.

by,

nov.,

181

33,

142

inornata, sp-. nov.,

181

,

245

Termes flavipes.

251

245

Tetracha Carolina, 132,

135

246

virginica, 132,

135

246

Tetranodes nivicollis.

251 1

81

Thecia acadica,

254

'63

,76

titus.

253

sp.

Trichomyia cirrata, sp.

138

nov..

137

sp.

Trinotum conspurcatum

,

47

226

252

luridum,

25

Trypeta varipennis, sp.

nov., 180

Tylosis oculata, 176

Urellia imperfecta, sp.

nov., 181

Van Dyke, E. C, notes
^by, 55,173

Xenotoma, genus of, 245

bicolor, 245

Yponomeuta atomocella,

sp. nov., 288

Zelotypa, 246, 247

Zygota, genus of, 246, 247

abdominalis, 246

KRRATA.

Page 4, line 12 from bottom : for July 30 read July 3.

" 6, line 16, 3d column from top : for July 2 read August 21.

" 10, lines 16, 18, 20 from top : for male read female.

" 142, for van-orbicularis read vau-orbicularis.

" 20, line 4. from bottom : for coues read couesi.

" 21, line 12 from top : for hymeiialis read hyemalis, and for Lanuis read Lanus.

" 21, line 13 from bottom : for Aegialites read Agialitis.

" 22, line 3 from bottom: iox pencillatus xe^'^iA penicillatus.

" 25, line 6 from bottom : for Polyphorus read Polyborus.

" 26, line I from top : for HalicEius read Haliaattis.

" 163, line 16 from top : for accipitrinus read Accipitrinus.

" 166, line 17 from bottom : for Vatiarea read Vesdaria.

Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL I.

/

/J>^=^^"

t;, >

•v«f-.

^■•^

^u^

f^&^''.

\ V\

'^^-^4^^--

%
^

/<?

..>:

Arctia arge and varieties.

IW. X. /v. //.

Arctia nais and varieties.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL III.

New Mallophaga.

Jour

"n. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PI. IV.

Coccidse from Galapagos Islands.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL V.

Coccidae from Galapagos Islands.

Jouni. N. y. Eiit. So

Vol. X. PL VI.

Aitto_^rapha zcta.
" T-alba.

Autographa soUda.

" siiiiplicinta.

Aiitographa epsilon.
" speciosa.

" exceha.
' ' rtibidns.

" pal/ id a.

" variana.
" arctica.

Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL VII.

Panckrysia pitrpiirioern .
Plusia cere a.

' ' crreoides.
Autographa biloba.

" biinacuhita.

" am pi a.

Plusia iiu'tallica.
Autographa egena.
Plusia balluca.
Autographa ou.

Euchalcia venusta.
" contexta.

" pzctnami.
Autographa labrosa.
" corrusca.

' ' epigisa .

foil 111. N. Y. Rut. Soc.

Vol. X. PL VIII.

Atitographa inappa. Autographa alias {w\%\\vQXQd,). Antograpka rectangula.

alias (silvered).
ostoscripfa .
pari lis.
snowi.
sackenii.

verruca.

" aluavitta.

vaccina.

" altera.

celsa.

" surena.

angitlidens.

" calif ornica

diasfina.

Joiii'u. N. y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PI. IX.

Aiitogiapha rogationis.
" f aid f era.

* ' simplex.

" abrota.

' ' basigera.

Autographa precationis. Autographa oxygrainma.

" selecta. " brassuce.

" pseudogamina. Eusphoropteryx thyatiroiiies.

" flagelluiu. Polychrysia forniosa.

Autographa pasiphcea.

JoiiriJ. N. Y. Ent. So

Vol. X. PL X.

Calocanipn uupera.
' ' hrillians.

" cinerita.

Calocampa brncei.

Calocaiiipa cwvi7nacula.
" thoracica.

" cinerita (dark form)

fourn. N. Y. I'- 'it. Soc.

R ^

Vol. X. PI. AV.

^.

^

.^-

r^S tf' Sr !^ *r, / Tw > ,%*

ts^l^S f^^i^^ ^^^^

^

X:

/3

if

North American Arctiid^.

foiirii. N. y. En/. Soc.

Vo/. X. PI. XTl.

North American Tineina.

Jouni. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PI. XIII.

Mallophaga of the Hawaiian Islands.

Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. So

Vol. X. PL XIV.

^V^'J 'i^^^^^

Mallophaga of the Hawaiian Islands.

Journ. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL XV.

Mallophaga of the Hawaiian Islands.

Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. So

Vol. X. PI. XVI

A ^i' B

I, Culex canadensis; 2, Culex atropalpus; 3, Culex
sylvestris.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL XVII.

I, Aedes fuscLis; 2, Culex sollicitans ; 3, Culex pipiens.

Jo urn. N. V. Eiit. Soc.

VoL X. PL XVI IL

Al

iiiiVniUiiii
B

I, Culex melanurus; 2, Culex dyari; 3, Culex restuans.

Jo urn. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL XIX.

I, Corethra brakeleyi ; 2, Corethra trivittata.

Journ. N. V. Ent. Sen

Vol. X. PL XX.

1

New Mallophaga.

4

Journ. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL XXI.

New Mallophaga.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. X. PL XXII.

New Mallophaga.

Vol. X.

No. I.

JOU RN AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society

H)e\■>ote^ to Eutomoloa^ ivx GeneraU

MARCH, 1902.

Edited by William Beotknmuller.

Publistied Q^iarterly by the Society.

NEW YORK.
1902.

Entered as second-class matter at tne New Yoric Post Office, June 11. i8c,i

1 mm, LANCASTEH, r*.

COKTEWTS.

Contributions to the Knowledge of North American Arctiidae, I, II. By Otto

Seifert 1

Life-History of Aedes smithii. By John B.Smith 10

Notes on the Life-History and Habits of Oncideres texana. By Glenn W.

Herrick 16

Mallophaga from Birds of the Pacific Coast of North America. By V. L. Kellogg

AND B. L. Chapman .... 20

Coccidse from the Galapagos Islands. By S. I. Kuwana 28

New Species of Noctuidae for 1901. By John B. Smith 33

A New Species of Dirphia. By William Schaus . 04

The Larva of Carama cretata. By Harrison G, Dyar 54

Proceedings of the Society 55

OF THE

Published quarterly by the Society. All communications relating to the
Journal should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmiiller, io6 W. 133d
St., and all subscriptions to the Treasurer, L. H. Joutel, 164 East 117th
St., New York City. Terms for subscription, ^2.00 per year, strictly in
advance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable
to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Money orders should be
made payable at Station L.

GBNTBRA IltfSEGTORUM

Published by P. WYTSMAN,

with the collaboration of the most eminent American and European Entomologists.
Each Part $5.00, with 7 colored or plain plates — 72 pages letter press, Roy. 4to. For
full particulars wiite to P». WYT^^JtAlV,

108 Boulevard, du Nord, Brussels, Belgium.

■s ■■ ' ■ c- •

Vol. X.

No. 2.

JOUR NAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society,

2)e\?ote^ to JEntomolocjv? in General,

JUNE, 1902.

Edited by William Beutenmuller.

Piablislneci Quarterly by th.e Society.

NEW YORK.
1902.

Entered as second-class matter at the New YorK Post Office, June 11, i8y3

COKTENTS.

Flnsia and Allied Genera, with Descriptions of New Sppcies. By Rodriguks
Ottolengui 67

Notes on Calocampa, with Description of a New Species. By Rodrkjles Otto-

LENGL'1 77

A Generic Subdivision of the Genus Plusia. By Harrison G. Dyar. ... 79

Contributions to the Knowledge of North American Arctiidae, III By Otto

Seitert .... 82

Notes on North American Tineina. By August Busck 89

Two New Genera of Bunsenine African Moths. By A. S. Packard 100

A Bevision of the North American Species of the Genus Choreut^s. By W. D.

Kearfott . . 106

Description of a New Sesia. By Wm. Heutenmuller 125

Note on a Noctuid Larva. By D. W. Coquillett 125

The Larva of Euthisanotia timais. By Harrison G. Dyar 126

Mamestra van- orbicularis. By John B. Smiih 126

vJOURN AIv

Published quarterly by the Society. All communications relaling to the
Journal should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmiiller, io6 W. 133d
St., and all subscriptions to the Treasurer, L. H. Joutel, 164 East 117th
St., New York City. Terms for subscription, ?2.oo per year, stiictly in
advance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable
to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Money orders should be
made payable at Station L.

GBIVTERA INSECTORUM:

Published by P. WYTSMAN,
with the collaboration of the most eminent American and European Entomologists.
Each Part $5.00, with 7 colored or plain plates — 72 pages letter press Roy- 4to. For
full particulars wite to P. AV^'TSSM AIV,

108 Boulevard, du Nord, Brussels Belgium.

Vol. X.

No. 3.

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

H)e\?ote^ to ]£ntomologi^ tu General.

SEPTEMBER, 1902.

Edited by William Beutbnmullbr.

F'ublished Quarterly by the Society.

NEW YORK.
1902.

Enlered as second-class matter at the New YorK Post Office, June ii, 1895

THE NE« ERA MINT, LANCASTER,

CONTENTS.

Two Philippine Mosquitoes. By C. S. I udlow ... 127

Note on Culex Annulatua. By C. S. Ludlow .... 131

Notes on Cicindelidae of Louisiana, By Charles W. Lf'NG, B S. ... . . 131

New Orthorhaphous Diptera from Mexico and Texas. By D. W. Coquillett 136

A New Phalangid from the Black Mountaino, N. C 142

Mamestra vau-orbicularis. By John B.Smith 142

The Life-History of EUida caniplaga ... 143

The Larva of the Caddis Fly, Molanna cinerea. By C. Betten . . 147
Mallophaga from Birds of the Hawaiian Islands. By V. L. Kellog and B L.

Chai'Man , 155

Note on a Noctuid Larva. By D. W. Co(.)Uillett 169

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 170

OF THE

Published quarterly by the Society. All communications relating to the
Journal should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmiiller, 106 W. 133d
St., and all subscriptions to the Treasurer, L, H. Joutel, 164 East 117th
St., New York City. Terms for subscription, ^2.00 per year, strictly in
advance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable
to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Money orders should be
made payable at Station L.

GIGinrDELIDJB lATAMTED,

ADDRESS.

ED-W. DOUBLEDAY HARRIS,

280 Broadway, N. TT. City.

Vol. X.

No. 4.

JOU RN AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society

&

S)evote^ to lEntomoloap in General.

DECEMBER, 1902.

Edited by William Beutbnmuller.

T^ublished Quarterly by the Society.

LANCASTER. PA.

AND

1902.

NEW YORK CITY.

^ m7^

f

COi\^TE]\[TS. .

New Acalyptrate Diptera from North America. By D. \V. Coquim ^.n .... 17/'

New Forms of Culicidae from North America. By D. W. C( i.'Uu.lett. . . . 191

Illustrations of the Larvae of North American Culicidae— II. By Harrison G.

Uyak 194

A Review of the Genus Ethmia with Descriptions of New Species. By IIarkison

(). DvAK 202

A New Yponomeuta. By Harrison G. Dvar 208

Sleeping Habits of Certain Hymenoptera. By Nathan Banks . . .... 209

Boring Noctuid Larvae. By Henry Bird 214

Tescriptions of New Mallophaga from Nebraska. By M. A. CARRiKhR, Jr. . . 216

Notes on the Notonectidae of the Vicinity of New York. By J. R. de la Torre

BuENo 230

Notes on the Cicindelidse of the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. By Charies W

Leng .... 236

Classification of the Pointed-tailed Wasps or the Superfamily Prototrypidae— I.

ByWiii.iAM H. AsHMEAi) 240

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 248

aOURN AXv

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster.
Pa , and New York City. " All communications relating to the Journal
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-Incorporated June 7, 1893.

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Barber, H. G.,
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LIST OF MEMBERS.

Graef, E. L.,
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Leng, Chas. W.,
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Meyers, Chas ,
Miinch, Louis T.,

Ottolengui, Dr. R.,
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Prime, Wm. C,
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Schaeffer, C,
Schaus, Wm.,
Sherman, Jr., John D.
Seifert, Otto,
Slosson, Mrs. A. T.,
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