JOURNAL CF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY gjexrxrtjexl to '^ntatnoXoQVi in CSjeujeval Voltanae XXII, 1914: NEW YORK Published by the Society Quarterly 1914 PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER. PA. CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXII. Alexander, Charles P., The Craneflies collected in Costa Rica by Dr. P. P. Calvert Ii6 A Revision of the American Species of Tanypremna O. S. and Megistocera Wied 205 Banks, Nathan, New Species of Psammocharidae 300 Barber, H. S., New Hemiptera Heteroptera with Comments upon the Dis- tribution of Certain Known Species 164 Cockerell, T. D. a,, Bees f roini Ecuador and Peru 306 CoMSTOCK, William Philipps, Lycoenidse from California Described by Boisduval 33 Erycinnidse and Lycaenidse from the Island of Trinidad ... 152 Crampton, G, C, On the Misuse of the Terms Parapteron, Hypapteron, Tegula, Squamula, Patagium and Scapula 248 Davis, William T., The Fungus-Growing Ant of Long Island, N. Y 64 Notes on Orthoptera from the East Coast of Florida with Descriptions of Two New Species of Belocephalus .... 191 John Arthur Grosbeck with a Bibliography of His Pub- lished Writings 271 Dow, Robert Percy, John Abbot of Georgia 65 The Greatest Coleopterist 185 Dyar, Harrison G., The Life Histories of the New York Slug-Caterpillars — XX 223 Ellis, Marion Durbin, New Bees of the Genus Halictus from United States, Guate- mala and Ecuador 218 iii iv Contents of Volume XXII. Emerton, J. H., New Spiders from the Neighborhood of Ithaca, N. Y 262 Felt, E. P., Descriptions of Gall Midges 124 Forbes, Wm. T. M., A Table of the Genera of Xoctuidse of Northeastern North America i FUNKHOUSER, W . D., New Membracid?e from the East Indies 234 Report on a Collection of Meml>racid?e from the Colombian Andes, Taken by Mr, John Thomas Lloyd 275 Leng, Charles W., Notes on the Species of Scaphinotus Dej. Inhabiting North- eastern America, with Description of a New Species . , . 139 A New Species of Arthromacra with Notes on Other Spe- cies of Lagriidae Lloyd, J. T., Lepidopterous Larva; from Rapid Streams 145 LuTZ, Frank E., Biological Notes Concerning Drosophila 134 Malloch, J. R., Synopsis of North American Species of the Genus Bezzia (Chironomidc-e) 281 Petrunkevitch, Alexander, Attidae of the Yale Dominica Expedition 329 Rehn, James A. G. and Morgan, Hebard, United States and Mexican Records of Species of the Genus Dorn (Dermaptera; Forficulidae) 89 Records of Dermaptera and Orthoptera from West Central and Southwestern Florida, Collected by William T. Davis 96 Schaeffer, Charles, A Short Review of the North American Species of Ontho- phagus ( Col. Scarab.) 290 Severin, Henry H. P. and Henry H., Relative Attractiveness of Vegetable and Petroleum Oils for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis Capitata Wied. ) 240 Contents of Volume XXII, v Walton, W. R., On the Work of the Late Daniel W. Coquillett and Others 159 Webster, R. L. and Stoner, Dayton, The Eggs and Nymphal Stages of the Dusky Leaf Bug, Calocoris Rapidus Suy 220^ Wheeler, William Morton, Ants Collected by W. M. Mann in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico 2)7 Woodruff, Lewis B., The Nymph of Ophiogomphus Johannus 61 Some Dragonflies of a Connecticut Brook 154 John A. Grossbeck 175 Miscellaneous Notes 73, I75, 265, 332 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 75, 176, 266, 333 Vol. XXII. No. I. K-. J OU RN AL OF THE f NEW YORK Entomological Society Devoted to lEutomoloai^ in (Bcneral. MARCH, 1914. Publication Committee . \. / Charles Schaeffer F. E. Lutz. W. P. CoMSTocK. L. B. Woodruff. Publislneci Quarterly t>y tine Society. LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY. 1914. [Entered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.] THE NEW ERA PRINT COiSTENTS. A Fable of the Genera of Noctuidse of Northeastern North America. By \Vm. T. M. Forbes . ■ i Lycaenids of California Described by Boisduval. l^y \\ . P. Comstock . . ■ 33 Ants collected by W. M, Mann in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. By Wii.i.iam Morton Wheeler . . . 37 The Nymph of Ophiogomphus Johannus. l^y Lewis B. Woodruff 61 The Fungus-Growing Ant on Long Island, New York. By William T. Davis 64 John Abbot of Georgia. By Robert Percy Dow 65 Miscellaneous Notes ... 73 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 75 JOURNAL JOrfo Jdork ^nkmologiral ^oriFJ^g. Vol. XXir. MARCH, 1914. No. 1 A TABLE OF THE GENERA OF NOCTUIDiE OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA. By Wm. T. M. Forbes, Worcester, Mass. As the last general view of our Noctuid genera, published by J. B. Smith in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, is now obsolete, a new synopsis of them, even for a limited fauna, will prove useful. The Noctuidse may be defined as moths with simple or pectinate antennae, with regularly tapering shaft, with labial palpi developed and maxillary palpi, in our species, rudimentary. Ocelli always present, and rarely covered with scales. Fore wing with one devel- oped anal vein, with cubitus apparently four-branched, R3 and R^ never arising separately from the cell. Hind wing with two devel- oped anals, with a strong frenulum, simple in the male, usually of three bristles in the female. Sc and R arising separately at the base, the base of Sc curved and moderately thickened, not sending a brace across to the base of the frenulum; the two veins more or less com- pletely fused for a short distance, the fusion commencing less than a fifth way out on the cell and very rarely extending beyond the middle. The characters used in dividing the genera are drawn from all parts, but the venation is of less value than in most families. The 1 ^'^xii. the antenna, simulating lashes, behind with slight imperfectly dif- ferentiated lashes or none i86. 185. Front with fine, short, even, hairj' vcstiture, vestitiire of body smooth, flattened or mixed Homohadena. From tufted above, the tuft more or less distinctly divided vertically and transversely, the collar with a more or less distinct central ridge, often evanescent when the tegulae are spread apart.. Xylina, etc. (76). Vestiture all of fine simple hair, without tufts Honwgl^ii. Ford's volume on the Formicida? in the " Biologia Centrali- Americana." Hence it is not surprising that Mr. Mann's collection should prove to be of unusual interest. All of the specimens were taken at altitudes above 7,000 ft., as will be seen from the following brief notes on the localities in which he collected: Pachuca. The capitol of the State of Hidalgo, at an altitude of 8,000 ft., situated among low hills, on the slopes of which, in the immediate vicinity of the town, rnany specimens were taken. The territory is arid, with abundant cacti; in the hollows there are many pepper trees (Schinus molle). Guerrero Mill. This locality is cited for ants taken within a radius of a couple of miles of an ore mill situated on the eastern slope of the high mountain range east of Pachuca. The altitude of the territory over which collections were made, varies from 8,500-9,000 ft. The country is wooded, with oaks and pines predominating. In many of the deeper canyons moisture prevails throughout the year, but the hillsides at times become very dry. San Miguel. This locality denotes a stretch of semi-plain country, stretching from Yelasco (about two miles below Guerrero Mill and at an altitude of about 8,000 ft.) to the eastward. The little village of San Miguel at an altitude of about 7,000 ft. is approximately in the center of the country in which the collections were made. In general the land is rolling, with large, level, semi-arid tracts. A barranca opens into the plain directly from the tropics of the " tierra caliente." The collection is very interesting in the following respects: I. Though made at rather high elevations, it comprises a long series of new forms, c. g.. a new legionary ant (Eciton manni n, sp.), a new Monomorium (M. cyancum n. subsp.), with metallic blue workers, a new Phcidolc of the subgenus AUophcidoIc {Ph. ccntcatl n. sp.), with polymorphic workers, a new Stcnamma {S. manni n. sp.), closely allied to the other species of this genus, hitherto known only from subboreal America and Eurasia, a new Mynnica (M. vicxicana n. sp.), related to M. punctivcntris Roger of the Atlantic States and M. sulcinodis Nyl. of Europe, a singular Lcptothorax (L. manni n. sp.), two interesting Forniiccc (Formica subcyanea n. sp. and naluta n. var.), a new amazon ant (Polycrgtis montcznma n. var.), a dark variety of one of the honey ants {Myrmecocystus melanoticus n. sp.), a new Lasius of the suhgcnns Acanthomyops (L. mcxicanus n. subsp.), and a new Camponoius, C. pcllariiis n. sp. allied to C. chilcnsis. t March, 1914.] WhEELER: AntS FROM HiDALGO,, IMeXICO. 39 2. Thirty-four of the thirty-nine forms enumerated in this paper, or 87 per cent, nest under stones. The exceptions are the two species of Myrmccocysfus and Pogonomynncx barbafits, which make crater nests in the ground, Pseudomyrma flavidula, which nests in hollow twigs and Camponotus nitidus, which lives in wood. 3. Equally striking is the pronounced melanism, which in a large proportion of Hidalgo ants is not only very apparent in the males and females, but extends also to the workers. This phenomenon is observable in fully twenty-nine, or 74 per cent, of the forms. The only ones in which a decided increase of pigmentation is not apparent in the worker phase, are Odontomachus darns, Ponera inexorata, Eciton ccccum, Pseudomyrma, flavidula, Solcnopsis minutissima, Pogo- nomxrmcx barbatus, Lasius mexicanus and Formica nahua. In four of these, the species of Ponera, Eciton, Solcnopsis and Lasius, the worker, as shown by the vestigial eyes and pale coloration, is hypo- gasic in habit. The absence of melanism in the few remaining species is not so readily explained, but is also probably associated with peculiarities of habit. Undoubtedly this pronounced melanism in the ants of Hidalgo is due to the intensive and protracted insolation to which they are sub- jected at the high altitudes in which they live. The same peculiarity has been noticed in alpine insects in Mexico and other parts of the world, in mollusks, birds and mammals. Herrera and Lope call special attention to it in their voluminous work on the plants and ani- mals of the IMexican plateau. ^ It is interesting to note that Mr. Mann, who is preparing a paper on the Hidalgo myrmecophiles notices a high degree of melanism in some of these, especially in a species of Xenodusa (X. sharpi) and in two other Staphylinids of the genera Dinardilla and Apteronina, which live with Liometopum apiculatum, itself a melanistic, subalpine species. 4. Still another peculiarity, which has impressed me while working on the Hidalgo ants, is the great lejigth of the wings in the females, especially when these have large heavy bodies, as in the genera Pheidolc, Lasius, Camponotuus, etc. Of course nearly all heavy bodied female ants have long wings, to facilitate the nuptial flight, which not only serves to unite the sexes from different nests, but is of very great 2 Herrera, A. L., and D. Vergara Lope, La Vie sur les Hants Plateaux. Mexico, L Escalante, 1899, 790 pp., iii plates, 19 tables. 40 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'"'- >^>^n. importance in distributing the species over considerable land areas. Now comparison of specimens of closely allied species or of the same species from high altitudes and sea-level shows that the mountain forms have distinctly longer wings. To take only one common example, females o/ Lasiiis nigcr L. var. americanus Emery from Wisconsin and Illinois have the fore wings only 7.5-8.5 mm. long, whereas these appendages in females of the same size and weight from altitudes of 7,000-8,000 ft. in Colorado measure 9.5—10.5 mm. This enlargement of the wing membranes in mountain ants, which I shall consider in more detail in a later publication, is most readily explained as an adaptation to flight in a more rarified atmosphere. It seems not to have been observed in other insects, probably because the enlargement is slight, amounting only to one or two millimeters or to a fraction of a millimeter. One would expect the rarified atmosphere of great ele- vations also to have the reverse efifect on certain heavy bodied insects and to lead to the suppression of flight and its organs altogether. This seems to be actually the case in some alpine beetles, as has been observed by several authors. One might be tempted to explain the aptery of two of the Hidalgo ants (Monomorinm cyaneum and M. comprcssinn) as the result of such an adaptation, were it not that such females occur in several species of this genus {e. g.^ M. cbcninum Fore! and M. floricola Jerdon.) that live only at low altitudes in tropical or subtropical countries. Family FORMICID^. Subfamily POXERIX.E. 1. Ponera inexorata Wheeler. A single dcalated female from San Miguel. 2. Ponera trigona Mayr var. opacior Forel. Three workers from Guerrero j\Iill. 3. Odontomachus haematoda L. subsp. clarus Roger. Numerous workers, a dealated female and a male found nesting in the soil under stones at San Miguel. Subfamily DORYLIN^. 4. Eciton coecum Latr. Numerous workers and males from Guerrero Mill. The latter were taken at lights. March, 1914] W'hEELER : AntS FROM HiDALGO, MeXICO. 41 5. Eciton (Acamatus) sumichrasti Norton. Many workers from several colonies at San ^liguel, Pachuca and Guerrero Mill. One large colony was occupying a temporary nest in a bunch of dead cactus. 6. Eciton (Acamatus) melanocephalum Emery subsp. xipe new subspecies. Worker. — Length 3-5.5 mm. Differing from the typical melanocephalum only in the following char- acters : The petiole is nearly twice as long as broad, instead of only slightly longer than broad, the thorax and petiole are dark brownish red, instead of light ferruginous red and the head, except the clypeus) the postpetiole and gaster are black, instead of piceous. Numerous specimens were taken at San Miguel from a single colony in the act of plundering a nest of Pheidole vasUti Pergande var. acoUuia var. nov. 7. Eciton (Acamatus) manni new species. Worker. — Length 3-4.5 mm. Allied to E. melanocephalum. Head somewhat longer than broad, broader in front than behind, with broadly and feebly excised posterior border and angular posterior corners. Eyes very small and indistinct. Mandibles in the largest workers with oblique blades furnished with two or three small, widely separated teeth, in the small workers toothless and not oblique. Antennae stout, the scapes only about three-fifths as long as the head. Thorax shaped as in melanocephalum, long, narrow, laterally compressed ; pronotum with a trans- verse carina anteriorly, pro- and mesonotum feebly convex above and twice as long as the epinotum, the base of which is straight, horizontal and lower than the mesonotum, separated from it by a shallow but distinct impression, and scarcely longer than the declivity which is slightly concave. Petiole in profile longer than high, evenly convex above, with a small anteroventral tooth ; seen from above it is fully twice as long as broad, with parallel sides ; postpetiole slightly broader and shorter than the petiole, a little longer than broad, broader behind than in front, with rather straight sides, convex upper surface and a small, blunt, anteroventral tooth. Gaster and legs of the usual shape. Claws simple. Mandibles subopaque, finely striate and coarsely punctate; head shining, its upper surface in large workers coarsely and sparsely punctate, its lateral and gular surfaces glabrous. Thorax subopaque, finely and densely punctate- rugulose, except the sides of the pronotum, which are very shining and either smooth or very superficially punctate. In the largest workers the inferior meso- and metapleurae are also somewhat shining and the same is true of the pronotum in all specimens, although this region is as deeply and densely punc- tate-rugulose as the meso- and epinotum. Petiole finely punctate-rugulose, upper surface of node slightly shining; postpetiole smoother and more shining, 42 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxii. except its ventral surface, which is opaque and finely punctate. Gaster and legs smooth and shining, with small scattered, piligerous punctures. Hairs pale yellowish, erect, unequal in length, moderately long and abun- dant, covering the whole body and appendages. Head and gaster black, front of head and remainder of body dark red ; mandibles, middle portions of antennal scapes and of the femora and tibiae darker and almost black, posterior borders of gastric segments reddish. Described from several specimens taken from a temporary nest under a stone at Guerrero Mill. This species is readily distinguished from melanocephahim by its much shorter antennal scapes, the coarse puctuation of the dorsal surface of the head in the large worker, the longer petiole and smooth sides of the pronotum in all the workers. Subfamily MYRMICIN^. 8. Pseudomyrma flavidula F. Smith. ^^'orkers, males and winged females taken from a colony nesting in a grass-culm at San INIiguel. These belong to the larger, typical form of the species. 9. Monomorium minimum Buckley. Several workers and dealated females from Guerrero ]\Iill agree very closely with Texan specimens of this form, which should be re- garded as a distinct species and not as a variety of minutiim Mayr. I find that the teeth on the clypeus and the ridges into which they are continued, are much more prominent in both the females and workers of minimum than they are in topotypes of minutiim from Venice, Italy. Moreover the famale of minimuin is winged and has the head subopaque, finely longitudinally striated in front and coarsely punctate above, whereas the corresponding phase of min- utum is apterous and its head is shorter, more shining, more feebly striated and its punctures much smaller. The thorax of the female viiiiutum is distinctly smaller and more slender and the petiolar and postpetiolar nodes much narrower and of a different shape, the petiole being epedunculatc, whereas it is distinctly pedunculate in minifiiuiii. The peduncle of the petiole is very short also in the worker of minimum. Besides the two following subspecies what I have called the subsp. crgatogyna from Santa Catalina Island, Cal., should also be attached to minimum and not to minutum. Both of these species differ from carbonarium F. Smith and its subsp. ebcninum March, 1914-] WhEELER : AntS FROM HiDALGO, MeXICO. 43 Forel in the shape of the epinotum, as Forel has shown. In the two former species it is sloping and rounded and not cuboidal. Min~ utMii and miuinntui nest in the ground under stones, carhonariinn and cbciiinum in the cavities of plants (twigs, under bark, between the overlapping leaves of Tillandsias. etc.). 10. Monomorium minimum subsp. cyaneum new subspecies. Worker. — Differing from the worker of the typical form in coloration, the body being deep, metallic blue ; the antennae and legs black, with the bases of the funiculi, mandibles, mouthparts, tarsi and articulations of the legs piceous. Female. — Apterous, but with the thorax shaped very much as in the typical minimum though distinctly smaller and more slender. Head more shining above. Body and legs black, the latter with yellow articulations and tarsi. Described from numerous workers and females taken at Guerrero Mill under stones in rather damp places on the sides of canyons. 11. Monomorium minimum subsp. compressum new subspecies. Worker. — Indistinguishable from that of the typical minimum. Female. — Smaller, less than 3 mm. long; apterous and more worker-like in the structure of the thorax than the subsp. cyaneum and ergatogyna Wheeler, the mesonotum and scutellum very small. Moreover the thorax is distinctly constricted both dorsally and laterally just in front of the epinotum. The mesoepinotal suture is deep, the epinotum rather swollen, longitudinally im- pressed in the middle and in profile shaped like that of the worker. Head rather short, more shining than in the typical minimum and the punctures smaller than in this form and in cyaneum ; petiole narrower. Pilosity white, much shorter and very much sparser. Described from four females and several workers taken at San Miguel beneath a stone. This may be a distinct species, but its exact position can hardly be determined till its male and those of the allied forms have been carefully studied. 12. Solenopsis picea Emery. A dozen workers taken from nests under stones at Guerrero Mill are referable to this form, which was originally described from Costa Rica. 13. Solenopsis minutissima Emery. Several workers from a rather large colony found nesting under a stone at San Miguel agree very closely with some Argentine cotypes of this species given me by Dr. F. Silvestri. One of the workers is larger and has larger, distinctly pigmented eyes, but is probably 44 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxii. an unusual specimen. Three dealated females accompanying- these workers measure a little more than 3 mm. and are rich chestnut brown, with yellow legs and antennae. The upper surface of the head and anterior portion of the mesonotum are coarsely and sparsely punc- tate. The petiolar and postpeliolar nodes are of subequal width, but the latter is proportionally shorter and fully twice as broad as long. The postpetiole bears a small but prominent tooth on its ventral surface. The gaster is long and narrow. 14. Cremastogaster lineolata Say subsp. opaca Mayr. Several workers taken from colonies nesting under large flat stones at San Miguel agree very closely with iMayr's description of the typical form of this subspecies. They are very dark in color and lack the denticles which occur on the petiole in dcntinodis Forel, a form which I took many years ago at Queretaro, Mexico. Several males, accompanying the workers from San Miguel, measure about 3.5 mm. They closely resemble the male of the typical lineolata of the Nor- thern States in form, sculpture and pilosity, but are somewhat darker. 15. Pheidole chalca new species. Soldier. — Length 2.5-3 mm. Allied to Ph. fioridana Emery. Head subrectangular, a little longer than broad, with straight, parallel sides and rounded posterior lobes, separated by a deep excision, and with a distinct median dorsal groove continued forward as far as the frontal area. Mandibles convex, with two blunt apical teeth. Clypeus concave and carinate in the middle, its anterior border feebly notched in the middle. Eyes rather large, flat, at the anterior third of the head. Frontal area distinct. Frontal carinje rather long, forming the mesial borders of very feeble but distinct impressions for the antennal scapes. Antennae slender, scapes reaching only a short distance behind the eyes; funicular joints 2—8 small, not longer than broad. Thorax robust, shorter than the head and through the humeri more than half as broad. In profile the pro- and meso- notum form a single convex mass, the mesonotum angular and falling rather abruptly behind to the epinotum which is small and has a subequal base and declivity, the latter sloping, the spines small, acute, subcrcct, longer than broad at their bases. Petiole nearly twice as long as broad, a little broader behind than in front, with concave sides ; in profile with both anterior and posterior slopes of the node concave, the node transverse and with rather sharp, feebly notched superior border. Postpetiole nearly ij^ times as broad as the petiole, distinctly broader than long, with its sides in the middle distinctly angular but not conulate. Gaster much smaller than the head. Whole body shining: mandibles sparsely but not coarsely punctate. Sides March, 1914.] WhEELER: AnTS FROM HlDALGO^ MeXICO. 45 of the clypeus and anterior % of head above, except the flattened areas for the scapes, longitudinally rugose. Epinotum and pleurae obscurely rugulose ; sides of epinotum and sides and ventral surface of petiole densely punctate. Re- mainder of thorax and gaster with minute, sparse, piligerous punctures. Hairs coarse, yellow, moderately long, suberect on the body, shorter and subappressed on the scapes and legs. Brownish yellow ; borders of mandibles, clypeus, gaster, except its base and tip, and head, except the cheeks and posterior corners, brown. In some specimens the upper surface of the thorax also is infuscated. Worker. — Length 1.5-2 mm. Head subrectangular, excluding the mandibles as broad as long, with the posterior border feebly excised in the middle. Eyes just in front of the median transverse diameter of the head. Mandibles with about 5 denticles. Antennal scapes reaching the posterior border of the head. Clypeus convex, its anterior border rounded and entire. Thorax like that of the soldier, but the pro- and mesonotum less robust, less convex and more evenly rounded in profile and the epinotal spines smaller. Petiole with entire, rather conical node ; postpetiole a little broader than long, broader behind than in front, its sides not angulate. Head thorax and pedicel covered with small, dense punctures and the front of the head also delicately longitudinally rugulose so that it is subopaque. The thorax and pericel, too, are subopaque, except the upper surface of the pronotum and the nodes which are more or less shining. Pilosity much as in the soldier. Color brownish yellow, dorsal surface of the head, thorax and gaster often a little darker. Female. — Length 4.5-5 mm. Head subrectangular, as broad as long, a little broader behind than in front, the posterior border nearly straight. Thorax seen from above elliptical, but narrowed in the epinotal region, which is sloping in profile, with stout, short, pointed teeth. Petiolar node emarginate. Postpetiole nearly twice as broad as long, its sides in the middle produced as blunt conules. Gaster broadly elliptical. Wings very long (7.5 mm.). Mandibles rather shining, coarsely striato-punctate ; clypeus and head sub- opaque, longitudinally rugose and reticulate even on the depressions for the antennal scapes. Pronotum opaque and rugulose. Remainder of thorax shin- ing, but with the sides and dorsal surface coarsely punctate and striate. Petiole and postpetiole less shining than the gaster, with coarse piligerous punctures. Gaster sparsely and minutely punctate, with large punctures on the extreme base of the first segment. Hairs longer and more abundant than in the soldier. Dark piceous brown or black; mandibles, except their borders, clypeus, cheeks, legs and bases and tips of antennal funiculi brownish yellow, the middle portions of the tibiae and femora darker. Wings gray, with pale brown veins and stigma. Described from numerous specimens taken from many colonies of 46 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. rather small size nesting beneath stones at Guerrero Mill. This species is evidently closely related to Ph. floridana, but the head of the soldier is larger, less flattened, the thorax is stouter, with smaller cpinotal spines, the postpetiole is decidedly narrower and the sculp- ture is very different both in the soldier and worker. The worker of chalca, moreover, is much more robust than that of floridana and it various subspecies and varieties, and the pilosity is very dififerent, being like that of the soldier and not consisting of very sparse, feebly clavate hairs on the body. i6. Pheidole ceres Wheeler subsp. tepaneca new subspecies. Soldier. — -Differing from the typical form from Colorado in the darker color of the head, thorax and gastcr, which are black and not dark brown, and in the sculpture of the head and thorax, especially the posterior lobes of the former and the pronotum, which are more glabrous and shining. The rug^e on the anterior part of the head are sharper and more nearly straight and the interrugal spaces are finely and densely punctate and much less distinctly reticulate. Worker and female differing from those of the tj'pical ceres also in their darker color and more shining surface. A few soldiers and females and many workers of this harvesting ant were taken from small colonies under stones at Guerrero Mill. 17. Pheidole (AUopheidole) centeotl new species. Soldier. — Length 4 mm. Allied to Ph. macclcndoni Wheeler. Head very large, including the man- dibles fully twice as long as the thorax, longer than broad, rather flat, especial'y behind, as broad in front as behind, with straight sides and rounded posterior lobes, separated by a deep angular excision and with a pronounced middorsal groove continued forward to the frontal area. Eyes small, rather flat, at the anterior fourth of the head. Mandibles convex, with two blunt apical teeth. Clypeus very short, carinate, with the posterior margin deeply impressed and the anterior margin narrowly notched in the middle. Frontal area small, tri- angular, rather deeply impressed, with a median carinula. Frontal carinse short, diverging posteriorly. Antennae small and slender; scapes reaching only a short distance behind the eyes, terete, slightly curved at the base, funicular joints 2-8 as long as broad. Thorax small, less than half as broad as the head, with bluntly rounded humeri. In profile the pro- and mesonotum form a single convex mass, the mesonotum having a plain surface, without transverse constriction or welt, sloping to the epinotum, which has a subequal base and declivity, the former horizontal, the latter very sloping, armed with two small, erect teeth, which are as long as broad at the base. Petiole from above fully twice as long as broad, with subparallel sides ; in profile the node is moderately March, 1914] WhEELER : Ants FROM HiDALGO, MEXICO. 47 high and transverse, with long, concave anterior and short, abrupt, posterior slope, its border entire and evenly rounded. Postpetiole twice as broad as the petiole, decidedly broader than long, with each side produced in the middle as a distinct, pointed conule. Gaster elliptical, much smaller than the head. Legs rather long and slender. Body shining; clypeus and anterior half of head rather coarsely longi- tudinally rugose, the spaces between the rugae feebly reticulate. Mandibles and posterior half of head with scattered, piligerous punctures. Thorax, pedicel and gaster also with similar punctures, but the pleurae irregularly rugulose and the epinotum subopaque, densely and superficially punctate. Hairs yellowish, erect or suberect, delicate, moderately long and abundant, covering the body, scapes and legs. Ferruginous ; borders of mandibles, sides of the clypeus, the median longi- tudinal groove of the head, the mesonotum, epinotum, pedicel and gaster dark brown or blackish. Mediae. — Length 2.5-3.5 mm. Representing a series of intermediates between the soldier and worker in the size and sculpture of the head and in the size and shape of the body. Worker. — Length 2-2.5 rnm. Head, excluding the mandibles, subrectangular, as broad as long. Man- dibles with 5 or 6 denticles. Clypeus rather convex, with entire anterior border. Eyes just in front of the middle of the head, moderately convex. Antennal scapes scarcely surpassing the posterior corners of the head. Thorax like that of the soldier. Postpetiole nearly as long as broad, its sides in the middle distinctly angular, but not produced or conulate. Shining; anterior half of head and the whole thorax subopaque and densely punctate, the cheeks and front also longitudinally rugose ; pronotum smooth and shining above. Pilosity similar to that of the soldier but shorter. Black; antennje and legs piceous; mandibles, bases of funictili, tarsi and articulations of legs yellowish. Female. — Length 5.5-6 mm. Head rectangular, not longer than broad. Eyes rather large and convex. Thorax of the usual shape, with flat mesonotum and scutellum ; epinotum slop- ing, without distinct base and declivity, armed with two short, acute teeth, which are very broad at their bases. Petiole and postpetiole like those of the soldier. Gaster broadly elliptical. Wings very long (10 mm.). Shining and with sparse, minute, piligerous punctures; mandibles more coarsely punctate ; sides of clypeus and anterior ^ of head subopaque, longi- tudinally rugose. Pilosity much as in the soldier but more appressed on the thorax and gaster. Dark brown ; mandibles, except their borders, which are black, clypeus, cheeks, pronotum, pleurae, antennae and legs reddish or ferruginous. Wings gray, with pale brown veins and stigma. 48 JovRXAL Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- x>^ii- Described from many specimens taken from a number of colonies nesting beneath stones on the hill sides at Guerrero Mill. This species differs from Ph. viacclendoni in its smaller stature and in the head of the soldier, which in the latter species is proportionally shorter, much more convex above and very differently sculptured. I have named it after the Aztec Ceres, or maize goddess, as it is, in all probability, a harvesting species. Owing to the structure of the head and the polymorphism of the worker phase it may be referred to Forel's sub- genus Allopheidole, which also includes Ph. macclendoni, tepicana Pergande and kingi Em. Andre, the last being the type. Ph. vasliti Perg., which Forel also assigned to this subgenus must evidently be excluded. For reasons given below I make it the type of a new sub- genus, Cardiopheidole. Both of these subgenera, however, seem to be rather artificial and therefore of doubtful value. i8. Pheidole (Cardiopheidole) vasliti Pergande var. acolhua new var. Soldier. — Differing from the typical form and the var. hirtula Forel in its darker color, the gaster, pedicel, pleurae, epinotum and femora, and in some specimens also the remainder of the thorax and the head, dark brown or black in mature specimens, the cheeks sometimes red or yellowish. Mediae and worker. — These are also darker than the corresponding phases of the typical form and var. hirtula, the mediae being piceous or blackish, with red mandibles and cheeks, the worker black, with yellowish mandibles and brownish funiculi, tarsi and articulations of the legs. Female. — Length S-g mm. Head, excluding the mandibles, subrectangular, a little broader than long, a little broader behind than in front. Anterior clypeal border transverse, flattened, deeply emarginate in the middle. Antennal scapes reaching nearly to the posterior corners of the head, flattened and somewhat incrassated and rather strongly curved at the base. Thorax of the usual shape, with broad, flat mesonotum and sloping epinotum, the latter armed with strong, blunt, laterally compressed teeth. Petiole from above concave on the sides, broadest behind through the node, which is transverse, with a sharp border, excised in the middle and with rather straight sides above. Postpetiole seen from above, about twice as broad as long, with broadly rounded anterior border, its sides in the middle projecting as blunt angles. Gaster broadly elliptical, flattened dorso- ventrally. Wings very long (9-10 mm.). Mandibles shining, coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Middle of clypeus and a narrow median line on the head shining, sides of clypeus and remainder of head subopaque, coarsely longitudinally rugose, with reticulate interrugal spaces. Thorax and pedicel subopaque, finely striate and coarsely punctate, middle of the mesonotum, anterior portion of scutellum and gaster shining, covered with scattered piligerous punctures. March, 1914] WhEELER: AnTS FROM HiDALGO, MeXICO. 49 Hairs on the body sparse, long, erect ; on the legs and scapes shorter, more abundant and more reclinate. Black ; mandibles, except their borders, cheeks, antennal funiculi and legs red ; femora darker. Wings gray, with yellow veins and brown stigma. Male. — Length 5-6 mm. Head very small ; cheeks very short ; mandibles minute, bidentate ; eyes large, half as long as the sides of the head. Antennae slender; scapes very short, not longer than the second and succeeding joints of the funiculi, first funicular joint subglobular. Thorax robust, nearly twice as broad as the head; mesonotum convex in front, flattened behind ; epinotum with subequal base and declivity and a blunt angular projection on each side in the place of the spine. Petiole like that of the soldier, with sharp, emarginate superior border. Post- petiole subcampanulate, broader behind than in front, with feebly rounded sides. Gaster elliptical. Legs very slender. Wings rather broad. Head, thorax and pedicel subopaque, densely and finely punctate-regulose. Gaster shining, with minute, sparse, piligerous punctures. Hairs grayish yellow, erect, long and very abundant on the head, thorax and petiole, much sparser on the gaster, shorter and more appressed on the legs. Black; mandibles and tarsi, except the first joint, yellowish. Wings colored as in the female. Described from a large number of specimens taken from many colonies at San Miguel, Pachuca and Guerrero JNIill. These colonies are often very populous and nest under stones in open, arid situations. There are also in my collection many specimens of this same variety from Saltillo and Guadalajara, Mexico, taken several years ago by Dr. J. F. McClendon. Great confusion is apparent in the literature in regard to Ph. vas- liti and certain other forms described by Pergande as Ph. subden- tafa and obtusospinosa and by Santschi as Ph. arhonica. As I have on hand a considerable number of specimens referable to these forms, I am able to state that Forel has confounded two very distinct sub- species, one of which was originally described by Pergande from Lower California. The worker of the other was described by Per- gande as subdciifata from Tepic, Mexico, and the corresponding soldier from the same locality was described by the same author as Ph. obtusospinosa. Finally Santschi described what is nothing more than a dark variety of snbdcntata from Tucson, Arizona as Ph. ari- zonica. I have been able to reach these conclusions from a study of cotypes of subdentata and obtusospinosa in my collection and numerous topotypes of arizonica collected by myself a few years ago in the Santa Cruz River bed at Tucson, Arizona. 60 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxii. The soldiers of the two subspecies and their varieties may be dis- tinguished by means of the following table : 1. Head of soldier cordate, narrowed anteriorly, with slightly concave cheeks and convex front; mandibles without a deep longitudinal impression at the apex between the two teeth ; postpetiole fully twice as broad as long 2. Head of soldier less narrowed anteriorly and less convex in the frontal region ; cheeks not concave ; mandibles with an elongate and rather deep, longitudinal impression at the apex between the two teeth ; post- petiole not twice as broad as long 4. 2. Color pale brown or reddish, gaster shining; length 3.8-4.4 mm., Ph. vasliti Pergande. Color darker ; gaster subopaque ; pilosity more abundant ; length 6-7 mm. 3. 3. Gaster black, head and thorax often dark brown or blackish, var. acollnia var. nov. Color somewhat lighter var. hirtula Forel. 4. Color paler subsp. subdentata Pergande. Color darker var. arisonica Santschi. The synonomy and distribution of these forms is as follows: Pheidole vasliti Pergande, Proc. Cala. Acad. Sci. (2), V, 1895, p. 883, "^l?; Forel, Biol. Ccntr. Amer., 1889—90, p. 65. Ph. obtusospiiwsa Forel {nee Pergande) Ann. Soc. Ent. Bclg. XLV, 1901, p. 130. Sierra San Lazaro, Lower California (Eisen and \^aslit). Ph. vasliti var. hirtula Forel, Biol. Centr. .\mer. 1889-90, p. 65, '^^ ; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. XLV, 190 1, p. 130,"^ 5 ; Wheeler, ibid. p. 202, "^5. Durango (Brinkmann) ; Querctaro (Wheeler) ; Zapotlan, Jalisco (C. H. T. Townsend). Ph. vasliti var. acolhua new var. State of Hidalgo (^^^ ]\I. ^lann) ; Saltillo and Guadalajara (J. F. McClendon). Ph. vasliti subsp. subdentata Pergande. Ph. subdentata Pergande, Proc. Cala. .'\cad. Sci. (2) V, 1895, p. 888, §. Ph. obtusospiuosa Pergande, Ibid. p. 889, "U. Tepic, Mexico (Eisen and \''aslit) ; Rio Santiago (J. F. Mc- Clendon). Ph. vasliti subsp. subdentata var. arizonica Santschi. Ph. ariconica Santschi, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ttal. XLT. 1909, p. 3, "4. March, 1914] WhEELER : AnTS FROM HiDALGO, MeXICO. 51 Tucson, Arizona (F. Silvestri) ; Bed of Santa Cruz River, Tuc- son (Wheeler) ; Huachuca Mts., Arizona (Wheeler and W. M. Mann). Ph. vasUti is certainly much more closely related to the series of forms embracing Ph. texana Wheeler, hyatti Emery, crassicornis, Emery, etc. than to Ph. kingi, rugifrons, etc. This latter group is much more closely related to our typically nearctic series of Pheidoles, including Ph. piUfera Roger, vinclandica Forel, etc. Hence I am unable to follow Forel in including vasliti in the subgenus Allo- phcidolc, merely because it possesses polymorphic, instead of dimor- phic workers. In order to emphasize this conclusion I have placed it in a distinct subgenus. 19. Stenamma manni new species. \\'orker. — Length 2.5-3.5 mm. In the shape of the body very much like S. westwoodi Westwood and breviconie Mayr, but the eyes are much larger and the basal joint of the funiculi a little longer and less transverse. Sculpture of the head, thorax and pedicel a little finer and more as in the subsp. diecki Emery of the latter species, so that the surface, especially of the pronotum and posterior portion of the head, is somewhat shining. Pilosity much as in the other species of the genus, but the color is very different, being black, with the tarsi, articulations of the legs, the mandibles and tips of the antenn3e, dark red. Female. — Length 4.2 mm. Closely resembling the worker, except for the usual sexual differences. \\'ings distinctly infuscated, with the inner branch of the cubital vein arising from the cubital cell a short distance proximal to the cross-vein. The venation is therefore intermediate between that of S. nearcticum Mayr and zvestwoodi on the one hand and brevicorne on the other, since in the two former species the inner branch of the cubital arises at a point just distal to the cross-vein, whereas in the latter it arises from the middle of the cubital cell. The veins and sitgma are, moreover, dark brown in color, but very pale in nearcticum and brevicorne and only slightly darker in westii-oodi. Described from two females and 13 workers taken from a couple of colonies, which were nesting under large stones in a damp spot in the pine forest on the trail between Real del Monte and El Chico at the summit of the range (10,000 to 11,000 ft.). 20. Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith. Several workers, three males and a dealated female from Pachuca are referable to this form. The workers measure 5.5—6 mm., and are 52 Journal New York ENTO>roLOGicAL Society. [^'°1- xxii. distinctly smaller and perhaps a little darker than the workers of the var. molefaciens Buckley from Texas, but the male has the head, thorax and node of the petiole black, whereas these parts are reddish yellow like the rest of the body in molefaciens. Moreover the wing- veins and stigma are brown and not resin yellow as in the Texan variety. In the female the epinotal spines are as long and slender as in the worker, but in molefaciens they are very short and broad at the base. The color of this sex is the same as that of the female tnolefacicns. At Pachuca P. harbatus inhabits large, flat, crater nests about 4 feet in diameter in the open, arid country. 21. Myrmica mexicana new species. Worker. — Length 3.5-5 mm. Closely allied to the European M. sulciuodis Nyl. Head distinctly longer than broad. Antennal scapes shaped like those of sulcinodis or rather of the var. siilcinodis-scabrinodis Forel, bein.g a little more sharply bent at the base and in some specimens with a small tooth or ridge at the angle as in some forms of scabrinodis. The joint is of nearly uniform thickness throughout. Funiculi with a 3-jointed club, which in some specimens, seems to be indis- tinctly 4-jointed. Spines of the epinotum straight or very slightly bent down- ward, somewhat shorter than those of sulcinodis and not recurved at their tips. Petiole in profile a little longer than high, shaped as in sulcinodis. not peduncu- late, its node with subequal declivities, the anterior feebly concave, the pos- terior feebly convex, both meeting at a rather sharp angle. Postpetiole also as in sulcinodis, distinctly higher than long. Sculpture very coarse and much as in sulcinodis, with shining interrugal spaces, but the longitudinal trend of the ruga; is not so distinct on the thorax and pedicel, often vermiculate on the thoracic dorsum and the nodes. Frontal area rugose, opaque. Hairs like those of sulcinodis, but of a gray instead of a yellow tint. Deep cherry red, legs a little darker; gaster, clypeus and anterior half of head, black. In many specimens the whole head and thorax are dark brown or blackish. Female (dealated). — Length 5.5 mm. Closely resembling the worker and differing greatly from the female sul- cinodis in color, being like the darkest workers, with the upper surface of the thorax and the whole head blackish. Male. — Length 5-5.5 mm. Differing from the male of sulcinodis in its larger size and in color, the body being deep black, with only the legs and genitalia piceous, and the 4- jointed clubs of the antennre and tips of the mandibles clear yellow. The wings are more grayish and longer (6 mm.), whereas those of sulcinodis measure March, 1914] WhEELER : AnTS FROM HlDALGO^ MeXICO. 53 less than 5 mm., and the veins and stigma are of a deeper brown tint. The antennal scapes resemble those of sulcinodis, being fully half as long as the funiculi, but are somewhat stouter, especially at the base. There are no appre- ciable differences in pilosity between the two forms. In sculpture the following differences may be noted : the petiolar node is irregularly rugulose-punctate, not longitudinally rugose as in sulcinodis, and the postpetiole is also smoother and more shining; the fine rugse on the head are more irregular and not longitudinal. Described from many workers and males and three females taken from several colonies at Guerrero Mill. These colonies were found under stones both in the pine woods and on open hill-sides. The status of this form is somewhat doubtftil, as one may be inclined to regard it as a subspecies of sulcinodis. It is certainly singular that it should be more closely related to the European sulcinodis than to any of the nearctic Myrmicas. except M. pnnctivcntris Roger. Even M. brcvinodis Emery, although it has varieties (siibalpina Wheeler and sulcinodoidcs Emery) that approach the European form in sculp- ture and color, differs considerably from sulcinodis in the antennal scapes of the worker and male. The Mexican form is closely re- lated to J\I. pnnctivcntris of the Eastern States. In the worker of this species, however, the petiole is pedunculate and has a larger antero- ventral tooth, the epinotal spines are shorter, the antennae are less angularly bent at the base and the gaster is coarsely punctate. The male punctiventris is much smaller than that of incxicana, but in other respects remarkably similar. 22. Leptothorax manni new species. Worker. — Length 2-2.2 mm. Head subrectangular, longer than broad, with broadly roimded posterior border. Mandibles s-toothed. Clypeus convex, its anterior border very feebly and sinuately emarginate in the middle. Frontal area distinct. Antennae 12- jointed ; scapes reaching very nearly to the posterior border of the head ; first funicular joint as long as joints 2—5 together; joints 2-6 a little broader than long, 7 and 8 as long as broad ; terminal longer than the two penultimate joints of the 3-jointed club. Thorax flattened above and on the sides, a little nar- rower behind than in front, not constricted when seen from above and with- out impressed sutures on the dorsal surface, which, therefore, in profile is perfectly even and nearly straight. Humeri rather prominent, subangular ; base and declivity of epinotum in profile subequal, the latter sloping, armed with two small, suberect teeth, which are not longer than broad at their bases. Petiole subpedunculate, seen from above pyriform, broader behind than in 54 Journal Xevv York Entomological Society, t^'o'- x>^ii- front, about i V2 times as long as broad ; in profile the anterior and posterior declivities of the node are subequal, the former straight or very feebly concave, the latter convex. Postpetiole nearly half again as broad as the petiole, broader than long, subrectangular, with rounded anterior corners. Gaster elongate elliptical, with feebly excised anterior border. Femora slightly swollen in the middle. Mandibles subopaque, coarsely striatopunctate. Cheeks, pleurae, epinotum, petiole and postpetiole subopaque, finely and densely punctate; cheeks and clypeus also delicately longitudinally rugulose ; remainder of body very smooth and shining, finely and very sparsely punctate, especially the posterodorsal portion of the head, the pronotum and the gaster. Hairs snow white, short, delicate but clavate, sparse and erect on the body ; on the appendages very minute, appressed and pointed. Black ; antennae and legs deep red or piceous, scapes and middle portions of femora and tibiae darker. In some specimens the tarsi and articulations of the legs are more yellowish. Female. — Length 3-3.5 mm. Differing from the worker in the following particulars : Head broader and somewhat more rectangular. Thorax large, subelliptical from above and flat- tened dorsally, the mesonotum large, the base of the epinotum only half as long as the declivity, which is abrupt and concave. Petiole in profile with wedge-shaped node, its anterior slope short and slightly concave, its posterior slope straight and perpendicular, its superior border rounded and entire. Post- petiole more distinctly rectangular than in the worker, nearly twice as broad as long, very convex above and in front, depressed behind. Sculpture much as in the worker, bvit the front of the head longitudinally striated and the nodes of the petiole smoother and more shining. Pilosity and color as in the worker, except that the hairs on the body are pointed. Wings whitish hyaline, with pale yellow veins and conspicuous brown stigma. Male. — Length 2 mm. Head through the eyes as broad as long, semicircular behind. Mandibles small. Antennas short; scapes only about three times as long as the first funicular joint, which is oval and less than twice as long as broad. Eyes large and prominent. Thorax nearly as broad as long; mesonotum convex ; epinotum depressed, sloping and unarmed. Petiole and postpetiole like those of the worker; legs more slender. Whole head subopaque, densely and finely punctate-rugulose. Remainder of body shining; thorax above finely longitudinally striated. Hairs very short and sparse, pointed. Color like that of the worker and female. Veins of wings very pale; stigma as in the female, large, dark brown and conspicuous. Described from miiiicrous workers and females and a single male taken from nests in the ijrnund beneath stones at El Chico and March, 1914.] WllEELER: AntS FROM HiDALGO, INIeXICO. 55 Guerrero INIill. This species is most closely related to L. schmitti Wheeler of Colorado, but the worker is readily distinguished by its much darker color, shorter head, shorted epinotal spines and very different petiolar node. The new species also bears a superficial re- semblance to L. stolli Forel, known only from the summit of the Volcan de Agua, in Guatemala (13,000 ft.), but the worker of this species is larger (nearly 3 mm. long), has a longer head and the thorax is more rounded and not prismatic. Subfamily DOLICHODERIN.E. 23. Tapinoma sessile Say. Numerous workers and dealated females from San Miguel and Guerrero jNIill agree very closely with our large, common North American form of this species. 24. Liometopum apiculatum Mayr. Many workers and two males from Guerrero Mill and Pachuca. Subfamily CAMPONOTIN.E. 25. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) vividula Nylander. Several workers from San Miguel. 26. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) mexicana Forel. IMany workers, three females and a single male from nests in the soil beneath stones at Guerrero Mill. The hitherto undescribed fe- male measures 4.5-5 mm. and is very dark brown, with the funiculi, tarsi and articulations of the legs yellowish and the wings rather deeply infuscated, with brown veins and stigma. The pilosity is similar to that of the worker, but the pubescence is gray, rather long and very dense, covering the whole body so that it is opaque and not shining as in the worker. 27. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus Mayr subsp. mexicanus new sub- species. Worker. — Differing from the worker of the typical form from the United States in its smaller size (only 2.7-3.3 mm., whereas the typical interjectus measures 3.5-4 mm.), and in having the long hairs on the body somewhat finer and less flexuous. Female. — Not darker than the worker and much smaller than the typical form (length 4.5-5 mm. as compared with 6.5-7 mm. in the true interjectus), 56 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxn. with much shorter and fewer erect hairs on the thorax and gaster, with long, distinct pubescence on the mesonotum, which is glabrous and without pubes- cence in the type. The pubescence on the gaster is also much denser so that it nearly conceals the surface. Wings paler, with paler veins and stigma, and proportionally longer, measuring - mm., compared with 7.5 mm. in the typical interjectus. Male. — Also smaller than the corresponding sex of the typical interjectus (3 mm.). Body darker and more opaque, much less hairy, but with more abundant pubescence, especially on the upper surface of the epinotum. Described from numerous workers, females and males, taken from large colonies near Guerrero Mill. These were nesting beneath large stones, especially in pine woods and at high altitudes. The males and females were captured during May, whereas those of the typical interjectus are not found in the United States till later in the summer (from the middle of July till the middle of September). 28. Formica microgyna Wheeler subsp. rasilis Wheeler var. nahua Wheeler. ^^'orkers and females from Guerrero Mill. A full account of this and the three following Formicas is given in my recent "Revision of the Ants of the Genus Formica (Linne) Mayr," Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LIII, 1913, pp. 562 ct scq. 29. Formica subcyanea Wheeler. \\'orkers, females and males from Guerrero ]Mill, \'elasco, below Real del Monte ; El Chico and Pachuca. 30. Formica rufibarbis Fabricius var. gnava Buckley. Workers, females and males from Guerrero Mill and El Chico. 31. Formica cinerea Mayr var. altipetens Wheeler. A few workers from Pachuca. 32. Polyergus rufescens Latreille subsp. breviceps Emery var. montezuma new var. \\'orker. — Very similar to the typical breviceps of Colorado, but differing in coloration, the general tint of the body being slightly darker and more brownish red, with the legs, the posterior border of the first gastric segment broadly and the succeeding segments entirely fuscous. The pilosity is fully as abundant as in the typical breviceps, differing in this respect from mexicanus Forel, which is scarcely more than a variety, if indeed it be not a synonym of breviceps. Female. — Colored like the worker, but the general tint of the body even darker. Veins and stigma of the wings also darker than in the female breviceps. Male. — Indistinguishable frnni the male of the typical breviceps. March, 1914.] WhEELER: AnTS FROM HiDALGO, MeXICO. 57 Described from several workers, a male and a female belonging to a single colony which was taken at Pachuca. The slaves in the nest were Formica subcyanca Wheeler. 33. Myrmecocystus mexicanus Wesmael var. melanoticus new var. Worker. — Differing from the typical mexicanus in color, the body being deep fuscous, the gaster nearly black, the legs, antennae, mandibles, clypeus and cheeks yellowish brown. Male. — Length 5.5 mm. Like the male of the var. hortideorum !McCook, but of a different color, the body being black, the genitalia, antennae and legs deep fuscous or piceous. The wings are longer (6.5 mm., those of Jwrtideornm are less than 6 mm.), without a discal cell. Described from eight workers and a male taken at Pachuca. This is a very distinct variety, as the worker is much darker in color than in any of the other forms of mexicanus and therefore bears a super- ficial resemblance to the following species. 34. Myrmecocystus melliger Forel. Several rather small workers taken from small crater nests at Pachuca either belong to the typical form of this species or to a very closely related variety. 35. Camponotus maculatus Fabricius subsp. picipes Olivier, Many workers, males and winged females from Pachuca, San Miguel and Guerrero Mill, belonging to the common Mexican form of this subspecies which was redescribed many years ago by Forel (Bull. Soc. Vaud. So. Nat., XVI, 1879, p. 67). In the workers more or less of the thoracic dorsum, especially in front, is dark brown or blackish. The wings of the female are very long (15—16 mm.). Mr. Mann informs me that this ant is very common throughout the mountains of Hidalgo, nesting in the ground under stones, like other races of maculatus. 36. Camponotus maculatus subsp. picipes var. pudorosus new var. \\'orker major. — Length 6.5-7 mm. Dift'ering from the typical picipes in its smaller size, in sculpture and coloration. The head is distinctly shining and much more finely and super- ficially shagreened, and the dorsal surface of both the head and thorax is paler in color. The base of the first gastric segment is yellow like the petiole and legs. The tibiae of the latter are only a little darker than the femora and therefore much paler than in picipes. The pilosity is like that of the sub- specific type. 58 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, H'o'- xxii. Worker minor. — Length 4.5-5 mm. Very similar to the worker major in color and sculpture, but the head is pale brown. Female. — Length about 8.5 mm. Body smaller, head more shining and more superficially sculptured than in the female picipes. Head, thoracic dorsum and the whole gastcr black ; epi- notum, tibias and tarsi brown, pleurae, femora and petiole yellow. Wings long (12.5 mm.), brownish yellow, with resin yellow veins and brown stigma. Male. — Length 6.5 mm. Differing from the male of the typical picipes only in its smaller size. Described from numerous workers, a male and female, from nests under stones at Guerrero Mill. 37. Camponotus nitidus Norton var. nuperus new var. Worker major. — Length 6-6.5 '^irn- Head rather small, excluding the mandibles a little longer than broad, a little narrower in front than behind, with rounded sides, posterior border and posterior corners, convex above, with large, flattened eyes situated just behind the median transverse diameter of the head. Mandibles short, with 5 sub- equal teeth. Clypeus strongly carinate, its median portion as broad as long, with its anterior lobe very short, rounded and entire. Frontal area distinct, large and triangular. Frontal carinae straight, strongly diverging. Frontal groove distinct, a little longer than the frontal carinae. Antennal scapes slender, terete, slightly curved at the base and feebly and gradually thickened towards their tips, reaching fully one-third their length beyond the posterior border of the head. Thorax short, laterally compressed, especially behind, feebly and regularly arcuate above in profile, but the epinotum with its straight base forming a rather sharp ridge, shorter than the declivity and making with.it nearly a right angle, as the declivity is nearly perpendicular and distinctly concave. Promesonotal and mesoepinotal sutures pronounced. Petiole small, nearly as broad as the epinotum, but much lower, in profile cuneate, thick at the base, with convex anterior and flat posterior surface and the superior border sharp, entire and evenly rounded when seen from behind. Gaster of the usual shape ; legs rather long. Shining throughout ; mandibles densely striato-punctate, smoother at the base ; remainder of body smooth and very finely shagreened ; clypeus and cheeks with large, shallow, sparse punctures. Hairs golden yellow, erect, very sparse on the clypeus, front, vertex and gaster, absent on the thorax, petiole and appendages, except at the tips of the scapes and on the knees, where there are a few small hairs. Pubescence extremely fine and dilute, visible only on the pleurae, epinotum and venter. Yellow; gaster, posterior portion of head, front, tips of mandibles and clouds on the thoracic dorsum dark brown, posterior borders of gastric seg- ments paler, .\nttnnx reddish brown. In some specimens the anterior portion March, 1914] Wheeler: Ants from Hidalgo, Mexico. 59 of the head is also brown but of a lighter tint than the portion behind the eyes. ^^'orke^ minor. — Length 5—5.5 mm. Differing from the worker major only in its somewhat smaller size and the somewhat more elongate head, with less convex sides. Female. — Length 6.5 mm. Also very much like the worker major, but the head is distinctly longer and narrower and the cheeks are nearly straight. Scutellum with a few erect hairs. Wings very long (g mm.), slightly infuscated, with brown veins and stigma. Described from eleven workers and a single female taken at Guerrero Mill from a colony nesting in the trunk of a live oak. I have described this form at length because of the meagreness of Norton's original description of nifidiis (Proc. Essex Inst. 1868, p. 2) which was based on three minor workers " from the mountains of Orizaba ", where the species lives in " little companies under the bark of pines" (Amer. Natur. II, 1868, p. 60). It was more fully char- acterized by Forel (Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. XVI, 1879, p. 82). The specimens from Hidalgo evidently represent a distinct variety as their thorax is much paler than in the typical form, judging from Norton's description. Comparing them with a few cotypes of C. montivagus Forel taken by Stoll at Tecpam, Guatemala (7,000 ft.), I find that the latter is scarcely more than a variety of nitidiis and not a distinct species as Forel maintained in Biol. Centr. Amer. Formi- cidas, 1 899-1900, p. 154. 38. Camponotus andrei Forel var. cholericus new var. Worker major. — Length 6.5-7 mm. Head more elongate than in the worker major of the typical form and with a deeper impression in the middle of the anterior border of the clypeus. Epi- notum distinctly lower and more sloping. Hairs covering the body snow white instead of yellowish. In other respects like the typical form of the species. Worker minor. — Length 4—4.5 mm. Closely resembling the corresponding phase of the typical andrei, but the epinotum distinctly less angular in profile and more sloping, and the hairs on the body more brilliantly white as in the worker major. Male. — Length 5 mm. Resembling the minor worker in sculpture and pilosity, but the body entirely black, including the mandibles, antennal funiculi, tarsi and genitalia. Wings whitish hyaline, with dilute yellow veins and brown stigma. Described from numerous workers and several males taken at Pachuca in the ground under stones in arid territorv. The workers 60 Journal Xevv York Entomological Society. [^'°'- x>^n. have been compared with a couple of cotypes kindly given me by Prof. Forel. 39. Camponotus pellarius new species. Worker major. — Length 7.5-8 nun. Superficially resembling C. chileitsis Spinola in color, sculpture and pilosity. Head, excluding the mandibles, as broad as long, broader behind than in front, with straight sides and very feebly concave posterior border. Mandibles rather small, convex, with 6 subequal teeth. Clypeus flattened, feebly carinate, with straight, entire anterior border. Frontal area distinct, broadly triangular. Frontal carinae sigmoidal, diverging behind. Eyes moderately large and con- vex. Antennal scapes distinctly flattened at the base, enlarged at their tips, which extend somewhat beyond the posterior corners of the head. Thorax short, rapidly contracted posteriorly, pronotum flattened above, rather broad, with its sides in front distinctly and rather sharply marginate; in profile the outline of the thorax is evenly convex and rounded, the epinotum continuing the curve as this region is uniformly sloping and without distinct base and declivity. Promesonotal suture very distinct ; mesoepinotal suture obsolete, but indicated by an impression on the pleurae. Petiole nearly as high as the epinotum, compressed anteroposteriorly, with slightly convex anterior and flat posterior surface and blunt, entire, broadly rounded superior border. Gaster rather large, flattened above. Legs moderately long. Mandibles shining, sparsely punctate ; anterior border of clypeus coarsely punctate, remainder of body, including the antennse and legs opaque, densely punctate. Hairs rather stout, blunt, snow-white, erect, abundant, moderately long on the body, fore coxae and lower surfaces of the femora, much shorter and more appressed on the remainder of the legs. Anterior clypeal border with a row of golden yellow bristles. Pubescence on the head, thorax and scapes white, sparse and conspicuous, especially on the head ; on the dorsal surface of the gaster brilliant golden yellow, and so long and dense as to cover the surface completely. Whole body black, except the strigils of the fore tibiae, which are deep red. Worker minor. — Length 5-6.5 mm. Differing from the major worker only in the smaller size and proportion- ally smaller and narrower head. Described from numerous workers taken from a single colony, which was nesting in the crevice of a large rock at San Miguel. This species differs from cliilcnsis in having the pronotum marginate on the sides, broader and more flattened above, the clypeus indistinctly instead of strongly carinate and in the pilosity, which is much more abundant, coarser and snow white. The golden pubescence on the gaster is also much more brilliant. That pellarius may eventually March, 1914-] WoODRUFF : OpHIOGOMPHUS JOHANNUS. 61 turn out to be only a subspecies of chilensis seems to be indicated by a series of specimens in my collection taken by the Yale Expedition at Urubamba, Peru (9,500 ft.)- These are intermediate between typi- cal specimens of chilensis from Valparaiso in the breadth of the pro- notum, and are much more pilose, with the pubescence on the gaster of a brilliant orange brown color. THE NYMPH OF OPHIOGOMPHUS JOHANNUS NEEDHAM. By Lewis B. Woodruff, New York. Of the seven recognized species of Ophiogomphus occurring in northeastern North America, the nymphs of the three following species are still undescribed : O. anomalns, Harvey, O. maincnsis, Packard, and 0. johannus Needham. As it has been my good fortune to observe the latter in the process of transformation on more than one occasion, the description of its nymph is now available. This species is by no means rare locally along the stony brooks in the hills of northwestern Connecticut, on the occasional sandy bottoms of which they apparently pass their larval existence. Toward the end of ^May they crawl out at such points, that is where the margin is sandy, there to await the splitting of the thoracic dorsum. This oc- curs on the ground at not more than three or four feet from the brook's edge, and often, if not invariably, several hours after sunrise. The following description of the male nymph of this species is made from very perfect exuviae taken at Litchfield, Conn., May 31, 1909. and preserved with the emerged imagos : Total length 26 mm.; of abdomen 16 mm.; of hind femur 4.5 mm. Width of head 5 mm. ; of abdomen at 5th segment 6.5 mm. Legs, gense, sides of antennse and lateral margins of abdomen sparsely hairy. Color olivaceous, mottled with yellowish and fuscous ; wing cases varie- gated with pale and dark markings ; femora and tibise with broad pale bands just before the apices ; a quadrate yellowish spot on each lateral dorsum of abdominal segments two to nine inclusive, in each of which are four round 62 Journal New York Entomological Society, n'oi. xxii. or oval dark orbiculars enclosing yellow centers, except on the ninth, where there are but two of such orbiculars ; a pair of small blackish spots in the depressions at the anterior base of the dorsal hooks on segments two to eight inclusive, midway between each of which and the quadrate dorso-lateral spot is another small dark maculation. Antennae with second joint slightly smaller than first; third spatulate, flattened, four or five times as long and more than twice as broad as second ; fourth rudimentary. ^lentum of labium but little longer than its apical width (3.5 X 3 mm.), widened beyond basal third with upturned edges as in O. aspersus ; median lobe rounded, edged with beading of rectangular castaneous denticles, within which is a fringe of long, flat, white scales ; lateral lobes narrow, incurved, with a slender movable hook castaneous at tip and bearing dense yellowish setae on its outer edge ; the apex of the lobe is a blunt point without terminal hook, its internal margin with a row of about twelve low, rather blunt, teeth. Abdomen elongate-oval in outline, widest at fifth segment, not abruptly narrowed on ninth segment ; dorsum of tenth segment one-third shorter than ninth ; lateral abdominal appendages two-thirds as long as the others, the dorsal and ventral abdominal appendages being equal in length with their tips blackish ; lateral spines present on segments seven to nine increasing in length caudad, but on ninth not longer than one-half the length of dorsum of tenth ; dorsal hooks on segments two to nine, erect and blunt anteriorly, posteriorly becoming more and more directed caudad, on the ninth almost attaining the form of a spine, and as in 0. aspersus each surmounting a low transverse ridge ; anterior two-thirds of each segment, including the ridge, with thick dark granulations, posterior one-third shining and smooth. Burrowing hooks on fore and middle tibiae strong. The nymph of this species has been compared with alcoholic specimens of O. aspersus Morse, and 0. carohis Needham, and differs from them in the following particulars : In dorsal aspect it is much more slender in oudine than either, the ninth segment of abdomen is not abruptly narrowed, and the lateral spines are decidedly shorter and smaller. In coloration it is darker, and the maculation, though of same general pattern, much more pro- nounced. From O. carolns it differs further in its more conical, less slender, lateral abdominal appendages; the longer dorsum of tenth abdominal segment ; much larger and more prominent dorsal hooks ; and slightly more slender and darker lateral lobes of labium. Com- pared with O. aspersus, its lateral abdominal appendages are shorter, those of aspersus being very slender and fully three-fourths as long as the dorsal appendage; the granulation of abdominal segments is much coarser; dorsal liooks slightly more pronounced; apex of lateral March, 1914] WoODRUFF : OpHIOGOMPHUS JOHANNUS. 63 lobes of labium more slender and less blunt; femora and tibiae stouter; throughout much less hairy; and third joint of antennae conspicuously different, being much broader and slightly shorter, that of aspersus being scarcely wider than first joint. By this character it may easily be distinguished from the latter. Appended hereto are line drawings of the nymph above described, its abdomen in lateral aspect, its terminal joints and appendages viewed from above, and its labium including mentum. ft To Dr. James G. Needham, the describer of the imago of this species, I would make due acknowledgment for his courtesy and generosity in supplying me with the above specimens of 0. aspersus and 0. carolus for purposes of comparison. 64 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. THE FUNGUS-GROWING ANT ON LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK. By William T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. In the last edition of the List of Xew Jersey Insects Prof. Wm. Morton Wheeler has this to say of the ant Atta scpfcntrionalis McCook: "Practically confined to the pine regions and is the nor- thern extremity of the range of this ' cutting ant.' It is the only one of the fungus-growing ants whose range extends into the state, and its life cycle is of extreme interest." Among the localities mentioned the most northern are IManasquan and Milltown, where I found colonies of the ant on September 23, 1906, and September 29, 1906, respectively. These localities are south of the Raritan River, but on August 19, 1909, the ant was found to the north of the river at Bonhamtown, where I was collecting insects with Dr. Frank E. Lutz. In his paper on " The Fungus-Growing Ants of North America," Bulletin Am. Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXIII, 1907, p. 747, Prof. Wheeler comments on the fact that this ant had not been found on Staten Island, N. Y., and adds that " it may yet be found in certain parts of Long Island." This prophecy was fulfilled on June i, 1913, when I found Atta scptcntrionalis resident on the warm slope of the hill among the scattered trees near the hotel at Wading River. There were a considerable number of nests and they appeared to be quite as strong and well populated as those found in New Jersey. The ants in many instances were engaged in bringing home for use in their fungus gardens the excrement of the then common caterpillars of Alsophila pometaria. I also saw some with pieces of the green leaves that the caterpillars had let fall in their promiscuous eating of the foliage of nearly every kind of deciduous tree in the vicinity. A second visit was made to Wading River in the latter part of June. The ants were not at work above ground in the hot sun on the 24th but later in the day they came from their nests. On the three following days their nests were found on several of the adjoining hills that form part of the range extending along the north shore of March, 1914.] Dow: John Abbot. 65 Long Island, but none could be discovered among the pines and oaks on the slopes about Deep Pond out on the level country to the south of Wading River. The ants invariably had their nests in protected places on the hills, where the ground was somewhat barren, such as openings in the woods with sheltering trees and thickets to the north. On these hills grow a few pitch pines and red cedars, but the trees are nearly all deciduous, and the environment does not suggest the sites commonly selected for nest building by Atta scptentrionalis at Lake- hurst and elsewhere in the pine barrens of New Jersey. The finding of the fungus-growing ant at Wading River, N. Y., extends its known range considerably, and adds one more species to the fauna of the state. While the nearest reported colonies are in New Jersey about one hundred miles to the southwest, it may be safely predicted that some connecting colonies will be found in the future. JOHN ABBOT, OF GEORGIA. By Robert Percy Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y. When John Francillon, silversmith, of the Strand, London, was engaged in making a notable collection of insects, mostly lepidoptera, for twenty years or more from about 1790, and, as was customary among the leading collectors, made a business of selling his duplicates, he offered among other things many unusually fine specimens from the " Province of Georgia, in North America." These, if they were lepidoptera or of other prominently winged orders, were pinned and expanded with a degree of skill which commanded the admiration of the ablest of the Aurelians, by which name the English butterfly collector has been known since a number of them formed the Au- relian Club, with Moses Harris at the Swan Tavern in 1745.^ Geor- gia was then far more inaccessible to an Englishman than Java or Cape of Good Hope. Moreover, the prices were very reasonable — 1 The original Moses Harris is not to be confused with his famous nephew of the same name, the copper-plate engraver, who published the Aurelian and other works, drew the plates for Drury's masterpiece, and was secretary of the second Aurelian Club, 1762-66. 66 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. six pence per specimen if a round number were taken. If one desired a Polyphemus, or Sphinx (a particularly well represented group), or any other giant, one must pay accordingly. Besides, there were offered at similar prices inflated larvae, seldom seen at all and so cleverly done that much was made of the circumstance by Kirby and Spence in their famous " Introduction into Entomology." Again, one could buy from Francillon wonderful water color drawings, not only of mature insects but of their early stages and food plants. With the drawings came manuscript notes of description with English names of insects and plants. The drawings were remarkable for ex- cellence and were absurdly cheap. Francillon was not communicative about their origin. It sufficed most customers to be told that he had a correspondent in Georgia. A few of the elect knew that the name of this man was John Abbot, but none knew his address. It was business for Francillon, for he bought at 3d. and did not propose that his wares should be secured by others from first hands to his own undoing. Of these drawings several thousand exist in Europe. The British Museum has^eventeen stout quarto volumes of them, all bought from Francillon, carrying his name, book stamp, and printed title pages, dated 1792 to 1804. There are volumes of them in the Museums of Oxford, Paris, Zurich and elsewhere. The Boston Society of Natural History has two such volumes, both remarkably fine and one probably the choicest known. Only two have been reproduced and published with credit given to the artist. Sir James Edward Smith of Edin- burgh bought from Francillon drawings to make 104 plates and figur- ing 24 lepidopterous species and bore the expense of publishing the two sumptuous folio volumes which appeared in 1797 and which are now among the classics. Let us be fair about the laurels not on Abbot's brow. It was certainly Smith's privilege to give scientific names to these undescribed species. He bought types, as well as drawings from Francillon. If you or I bought from a New York dealer two dozen butterflies from Africa, raised there by a dealer who sold them for profit, and who was not known to you save by name alone, and you found them to be new species, would you credit his name with yours as the describer? Moreover, Smith never saw or heard directly from Abbot. Abbot knew nothing of the book until long after publication. The credit given to the worker in the field is all that the finest sense March, 1914] Dow: John Abbot. 67 of honor can demand. The title of the book is: "The Natural His- tory of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia, collected from the observations of John Abbot, with the plants on which they feed." The authorship of every species is now universally credited to " Smith and Abbot." No credit whatever is given for the work done by Abbot, utilized in the volumes of Boisduval and Leconte. Who and what, then, was John Abbot of Georgia? If Francillon was uncommunicative, Abbot was more so, especially concerning the first forty years of his life. One wonders whether there might not have been a sinister reason for it. Emphatically, no ! The record of fifty years of Abbot in Georgia shows nothing but a sweet soul. All that is known about the man to the present moment is summarized by Dr. Samuel H. Scudder in Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XX, pp. 150-54 and a note by W. F. Kirby, ibid., pp. 230—32. As this volume is in limited circulation, the essential statements follow here. It may be noted that the facts are mainly adduced from his work, the conjectures generally as unsafe as deduction from circumstantial evidence is apt to be. Oral tradition is all we have had. It is not known where he was born. That he was an Englishman is assumed from his name. His one portrait shows an Irish face, a frail body, and the cotton jean clothing of a Georgia plantation. Scudder says he was about thirty when he went to America in about 1790, and that he was engaged by three or four leading English lepidopterists to collect for their cabi- nets. The version of the careful Dr. H. Hagen is different. Hagen calls him unequivocally " privatlehrer " — private tutor, the inference being that Abbot went to Georgia in charge of the scion of some wealthy Georgian planter.^ Scudder says he settled after some travel at Jacksonborough, Scriven Co. The correct spelling is Screven. Scudder asserts that he returned to England about 1810, where he was living in 1840, at an age of " probably above eighty." Smith says he was given to rearing insects in England from child- hood. Abbot himself says, indirectly, that he was fond of drawing plants all his life. That the portrait in the British Museum collection , of his drawings is of himself and by himself there is no reasonable 1 As Dr. Hagen has confused in his Bibliotheca two Abbots, one a Scotch clergyman, it is quite possible that the word " privatlehrer " also belongs to the latter. 68 Journal New York Entomological Society, f'^'o'- X-^IL doubt. This portrait is reproduced by Scudder in his Butterflies of North America. His handwriting is well known from his notes which accompanied his drawings, but this signature has never been seen in the memory of living men until recently. It is therefore re- produced below. ^ John Abbot was born in 1750. His education was limited. His grammatical blunders would be unpardonable in any grade above elementary school. His name does not appear in the matriculation lists of any university or great public school in the United Kingdom, without which a private tutorship would be out of the question. He did, however, teach school in Georgia, where at the time educational facilities were almost non-existent, and where the second reader was above the average comprehension. He was not a member of the short-lived Entomological Club of London, 1781-3. He never heard of the Linnean system until after 1805. That he was an Englishman and that he did engage to collect insects for Francillon rests on tra- dition too widespread to be controvertible. The date, 1790, is a reasonable inference, as the results arriving in England date from 1793. If he did return to England about 1810, it was for a visit only. His later home was in Bulloch Co., just across the Ogechee River from Screven Co., and a day's journey by wagon from Savannah. He never acquired wealth. At best he harvested a few bales of cotton, sold through the same Savannah factor that w-as employed by the prosperous grower of Sea Island cotton. Dr. Oemler, of \\'ilmington Island. His old age was simple in the extreme. A couple of dollars a Aveek or less supplied his wants. He dreamed of no laurels to be placed upon his brow, unless some stranger held out this will o' the wisp in his age and infirmity. In all probability he lies in an un- marked grave in Bulloch Co., for in those days tombstones were unusual, vital statistics were not kept there and even land titles were seldom registered. Who was John Abbot? He was an untutored optimist, with a constitutional smile, who looked forward only to the day's reward, who had talent with the brush, who had the assiduity to rear every insect species he could for over fifty years. May the earth lie lightly upon him. No man has done better. 1 Some years ago Qiiaritch, the London bookseller, secured a small quarto volume of the drawings, which contains an undoubtedly authentic signature. March, 1914.] Dow: JOHN AbBOT. 69 A recent sketch of the career of Dr. Thaddeus \V. Harris, of Har- vard University, and of his entomological association inspired a fresh search into the archives kept by that eminent pioneer in the attic of his late residence in Cambridge. The first result was a neatly tied package of about 200 letters, dated 1825 to 1835, from entomolo- gists all over the world. Later, many hundred, received by his father, Rev. Thaddeus Mason Harris, author of a Natural History of the Bible, were discovered. The two letters reproduced here are by the courtesy of Edward Doubleday Harris, son of Dr. Harris and a member of the Xew York Entomological Society. They are given literatim, for to correct a misspelled word would be a historical crime. Dr. Oemler is the source of most of our knowledge of Abbot. He bought what he considered the best collection of Abbot drawings in existence, the one now in the Boston Society of Natural History. The Leconte collection remains to be rediscovered. Rev. T. M. Harris, fatigued with the enormous labor of classifying the correspondence and documents of Geo. Washington for the history of Jared Sparks, and contemplating a new edition of the Natural History of the Bible, visited Savannah. Here he learned from Dr. Oemler of Abbot, the remarkable delineator and breeder of insects and went to see him. Hence the correspondence, of which six letters have so far been discovered. The two presented here need no farther annotation. The misspellings of Dr. Oemler are, of course, explained by the unfamiliarity of a German with a few English words. The misspellings of Abbot reveal the man. IMajor John Eatton Leconte, father of the Greatest Coleopterist, and himself an entomologist outranked only by Harris and Say, was not dis- posed to be communicative about his sources of specimens or draw- ings, for, although he knew Harris well from 1830, he did not mention his Georgia discovery. Leconte came of a Georgia family, and both his father and brother were ardent botanists on their Georgia planta- tion. No fellow botanist could live in that state without discovery by the Lecontes, who were people of wealth, power, culture and wide acquaintance. 70 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^'°'- >^xii. From Dr. Oemi.er to Dr. T. W. H.\rris. Savann.\h April 2-, 1834. Dear Sir This morning I had the pleasure of a conversation with your good father, respecting Mr. Abbott. I there learned, that you were under the impression that the old man was " now blind and solely supported by Major Le Conte." I have it in my power to contradict both. Mr. A. used glasses ever since I have known him (1805) and, by means of them, paints the smallest Insects with pretty much correctness, but his hearing faculties are much impaired, the last time I saw him (1825) I had to use the Slate to converse with him. But nowithstanding this misfortune, he was chearful, and his constitutional smile never left his countenance. He is now, I am told, very corpulant, but still exercises his pursuit of hunting birds and drawing — but engages boys to run after Butterflies. As for to be suf^ported ( ?) by Major Le Conte that is not so, except the petty allowance of Six and a quarter Cents for the drawing of an Insect (be it a flea, or a Bombyx Polyphemus) with a full account of its natural history, may be called such. You think, Mr. Abbott should be known to the world. — I have always though so too, so that the Laurals, which are assumed by Smith and Le Conte should be placed on the proper brow. To do this has long been my intention, and for to be enabled to do so, I have prevailed on him to furnish me with some notes. I am satisfied that justice be done him, no matter by whom, and as I consider you more capable than myself, I surrender these Notes into your hands. They are, as you will perceive, not concluded yet — I will send you the continuation and any thing else desirable that can be procured by me. You will be astonished when you hear that a man, so long amusing him- self with Natural History, should never have been inclined to pursue it scien- tifically, he, although now 83 years of age, is still in the simplicity of a School boy. He has been drawing plants since his boyhood and never knew any thing of Linneus' Classification till I demonstrated it to him and created his astonishment. After this, he never committed again the error to paint dif- ferend numbers of stamens on the same flower. Perhaps Mr. A. may be dead by this time, and then you would not get the painting your father ordered, and for this reason I send you one of his productions that you may judge of his abilities. with esteem & regards Yours Oemlcr. 28th. The above was intended to be sent by your father, who left here for Charleston this morning at 9 o'clock. I was but one minute too late, when I arrived on the wharf, the Steamer was on the way. Hearing that some young ladies are going to morrow to Boston direct, I now forward this by them, but the drawing I have to withhold, not wishing to fold it up. Professor Harris. Cambridge. March, 1914.] Dow : JOHX Af.BOT. 71 From John Abbott to Dr. T. W. Harris. Bulloch County. Georgia Aug'st 30, 1835 To Dr. Thaddeus William Harris K Dear Sir After having entirely given over all hopes of having the pleasure of hear- ing from v'ou, I was agreeably surprized in receiving on the 23d. last, the favor of yours of the nth. Feb'y last, a delay I cannot account for In reply to your request at what price I sell my collections of Insects, my usual price is 6 dollars per hundred large & small rare & common, My charge to Mr. Le Conte for my Drawings & for whom I continue to draw for every Year, the size of which I have figured at the end of this Letter, is .16 for a dollar, they mostly are small Insects, & many are Minutia, & if small & will shew better, something magni- fied, he must be in possession of .2 or 3000, of them if the size of the paper & the Insect requires it, a larger price in proportion, 25 cents, but never ex- ceeding 50 cents. I shall complete this Autumn my collections of Insects & set of drawings, & next Spring can contract with You for both, if You think proper, in the mean time, You can send me word, what particular Insects you want, and what Order or Genus You wou'd prefer to have drawn, to begin with, or if only the most rare, or more generally as I meet with them and what size paper, as I suppose you wou'd desire them to be uniform, Mr. Le Conte pre- fered a single Insect on a paper, as he said he cou'd then class them as he received them. I have not been able yet to assertain the difference between the Larva of the Grantor & green Shinx, the color of both is sometimes green, & sometimes claret colored, & both feed on other plants besides Grape, I have only ob- served that the Grantor is much more rare than the other. The severe cold last Winter, must certainly have killed many in the Woods, as it did all I had in Chrysalis in the house, & I have never yet observed both Shinxes & Larva's so rare as this last Summer, I have therefore had no opportunity to make any further observation, Le Conte insists they are one Species I have only as yet met with but 2 of the Larva you mention to be found in rotten wood, they both died, without changing, I can't say what kind they produce, I have figured the last I met with from a sketch I have yet by me, it looked in a dark room its whole length like a brilliant diamond It was of a color & size of the drawing I find it very difficult to know what Insects are rare & what are common,, except a very few kinds, & they perhaps are not to be found all over the State. Some Years ago I met with a plenty, (then only) in a small Swamp field, the (Colias philodice) since which I have not seen one any where. Every Year I have observed some few kinds to be plenty, if not common & then not to be met again with, for some years after some few kinds, I reckioned common 3 or 4 years ago, I can't meet with a single one now some plenty on one side of a Creek, & none on the other 72 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. Flowers is also local, as well as rare I have met with at times a single specimen, that I have not seen before, nor a single one since but still it might be local, plenty in small spot elsewhere There is a great variety of flowers in Georgia, but I am no Botanist, yet I am always much pleased, when I meet with any that is new to me There is a Gentleman in Savannah who wanted me to make an Herbarium for him to send as a present to a friend a Botanist at the North, indeed I had promised him, but as I was very seriously indisposed in the Spring, I gave it out, & collected Insects only, I understand he is much disappointed, but I don't know if he wants me to do it, next Year as yet — I shall wait with mvich anxious expectation, for the Insects you are so kind to promise me, as a few only that are new to me, or some that I have not met of later Years, will be equally acceptable and give me much pleasure Please to address your letters to John Abbot Bulloch Co. Georgia, to the care of Mr David Bell. Savannah Hoping to hear from You again soon I remain very respectively and sincerely &^rt^^-;f«j«r^r, WM. T. DAVIS 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. Z/(^rrt/w», JOHN A. GROSSBECK American Museum of Natural Historj, New York. Curator, A J. MUTCHLER. . . American Museum of Natural History, New York. executive committee. Chas. W. Leng, E. G. Love. Chas. E. Sleight, Geo. p. Engelhardt, R P. Dow. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Chas. Schaeffer, F. E. Lutz, W. P. Comstock, L. B. Woodruff. AUDITING COMMITTEE. C. F. Groth, G. W. J. Angell, C. H. Roberts. field committee. John D. Sherman, Jr., E. Shoemaker. delegate to the n. v. academy of sciences William T. Davis. vJOURN A 1^ OF 1 HE ?ublished quarterly by the Society, at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster Pa.; and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal should be sent to the Publication Committee, New York Entomoloi|;ical Society, American Museum of Natural History, New York City; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis, 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Stateu Is., New York, and all looks and pamphlets to the l.ibrjrian. John A. Grossbeck, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Terms for subscription, I2.00 per year, strictly in ad- vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25 separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger num- ber be desired they will be supplied at the following rates, provided notice is sent to the Publication Committee before the page proof has been corrected : 4c for each reprint of a i to 4 pp. article. 6c " " " 5 8 " 9 12 " 13 16 " 17 20 " 21 24 " 25 28 " 29 32 l^c " " " One rent adtlitional for each half-tone print. Covers on same pajx-r as the Journal, with printed title page, $1.50 for 50 covers, and 2 cents for each additional cover. Vol. XXII. No. 2. JOUR N AL OF THE NEW YORK Entomological Society Devoted to Bntomoloop in (BeneraL JUNE, 1914. Publication Committee. Charles Schaeffer F. E. Lutz. W. P. CoMSTOCK. L. B. Woodruff. v^ Publistied. Quarterly by the Society. LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY. 1914. [Entjered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.] THE NEW ERA PRINT COiSITENTS. United States and Mexican Records of Species of the Genus Doru (Dermap- tera ; Forficulidae). By James A. G. Rehn and Morgan Hebard ... 89 Records of Dermaptera and Ortboptera from West Central and Southwestern Florida Collected by William T. Davis. By James A. r,. Rehn and Morgan Hebard .96 The Craneflies Collected in Costa Rica by Dr. P. P. Calvert. (Diptera; Tipulidae.) By Charles P. Alex.a.nder 116 Descriptions of Gall Midges. By E. P. Felt 124 Biological Notes Concerning Drosophila. By Frank E. Lutz 134 Notes on the Species of Scaphinotus Dej. Inhabiting Northeastern America with Description of a New Species. By Charles W. Leng 139 Lepidopterous Larvae from Rapid Streams. By J. T. Lloyd 145 Erycinidae and Lycaenidae from the Island of Trinidad. By William Philipps COMSTOCK 152 Some Dragonflies of a Connecticut Brook. By Lewis B. Woodruff . . 154 On the Work of the Late Daniel W. Coquillett and Others. By W. R. Walton 159 New Hemiptera Heteroptera, with Comments upon the Distribution of Certain Known Species. By H. G. Barber .... 164 Miscellaneous Notes 171 John A. Grossbeck 175 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society ■ . 176 JOURNAL Jlt\a ]BoFh €|nlQniQlogirfli ^oriFJ^g. Vol. XXII. JUNE, 1914. No. 2. UNITED STATES AND MEXICAN RECORDS OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS DORU (DERMAP- TERA; FORFICULID^). By James A. G. Rehn and Morgan Hebard. Philadelphia, Pa. The variability found in the species belonging to the present genus has caused numerous synonyms to be erected during the period when very few specimens were to be found in collections ; this difficulty was augmented by the apparent fact that practically no actual comparisons were made. Recent efforts to retain some of these synonymic names in varietal rank have only served to augment the confusion. Study of the large series of specimens before us, and of Scudder's types, at once shows that three distinct species of the genus exist within our boundaries ; one of these is widely distributed as far south as the Argentine Republic, in South America, the other two have never been found outside the United States. These species may be separated by the following key : A. Entire insect compact.-N Spine of pygidium of male not nearly as long as distal abdominal segment. B. Wings exposed. Spine of, pygidium of male acicular, not one half as distal abdominal segment. Forceps of male curving scarcely or very slightly upward in distal third lineare (Eschscholtz). BB. Wings not visible. Spine of pygidium of male acicular, one half as long as distal abdominal segment. Forceps of male curving more decidedly upward in distal third aculeatum (Scudder). AA. Entire insect more attenuate. Spine of pygidium of male as long as, or 89 90 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi xxii. -^ longer than, distal abdominal segment. (Wings not visible. Spine of pygidium of male strongly acicular. Forceps of male curving down- ward in proximal third, thence curving upward in a broad sweep to apex.) davisi new species. Doru lineare (Eschscholtz). 1822. Forficula linearis Eschscholtz, Entomogr., p. 81. (Santa Catharina, Brazil.) 1839. Forficula suturalis Serville, Hist. Nat. des Ins. Orth., p. 40. (Porto Allegro, Brazil.) 1862. Forficula taruiata Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, p. 230. (Oaxaca, Mirador, Mexico.) 1865. Florficula'] californica Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXVI, p. 85. (California.) 1876. Forficula luteipes Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, p. 255. (Brazil.) 1876. Forficula exilis Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat., XVIII, p. 262. (Texas.) 1891. Sphingolabis »ieridio)wlis Kirby (in part), Journ. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, Zool., XXIII, p. 529. (Theresopolis, Brazil.) Type: Female; Santa Catharina, Brazil. Scudder's descriptions in 1876 of the male as Forficula exilis, and of the female as Forficula luteipes, are as full as any published for the present species. Considerable variation is shown in size and color and also in the shape of the male forceps. Material from Texas, Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua and Costa Rica includes the largest speci- mens and averages considerably larger than material from Arizona, I 2 Dorsal outline of male forceps of Doru lineare (i ; Brownsville, Texas) and (2; Baboquivari Mount., Ariz.) ^b^==. S=^^ Lateral outline of male forceps of Doru lineare (3 ; Brownsville, Texas) and (4 ; Baboquivari Mount., Ariz.) California, Brazil and Argentina. In the series are a number of specimens which have the head and pronotum shining burnt sienna in general coloration instead of the usual shining blackish brown. The male forceps range from a rather heavy type, rather sharply bent at June, 1914.] Rehn-Hebard: The Genus Doru. 91 the end of the proximal third and bearing a pronounced inner tooth at the beginning of the distal third, to a delicate, gently and almost evenly- curved type in which the inner tooth at the base of the distal third is often wholly absent. It is not surprising that Dohrn considered 3, single specimen of this latter type a distinct species and named it calif ornica, but in several of the series from a single locality the ex- tremes of both are to be found, and calif ornica can not be considered a race of lincare nor should the name be retained as Caudell has done.^ Measurements (in Millimeters), of Various Extremes. Arizona. Mexico. Argentina. Nogales. Baboquivari Mts. Cuernavaca, Morelos. Misiones.2 Male. Male. Males. Male. Female. Length of body II 1.6 3 4.9 3.9 •5 8.9 1.6 2.9 4 3-4 •4 10 -14.8 1.8- 2.1 3-2- 4-3 4.9- 6.7 4 - 5-9 ■3- -5 10 1.4 3 4-5 4-7 ■4 10 Length of pronotum Length of tegmen Length of wings, folded. . . Length of forceps Length of pygidial spine . . 1.4 2.9 4.1 3-1 Specimens Examined from the United States and Mexico. — 136; 71 males, 64 females, i nymph. Texas (from P. R. Uhler), i male. Type of F. exilis. [Scud- der Collection.] Brownsville, Tex., July 31-Aug. 5, 1912, (H.), i male; (Wickham), I nymph. [Hebard Collection.] Piper Plantation near Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 3, 1912 (R. & H.), I male. [Hebard Collection.] Southern Arizona (H. Edwards), 2 males. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.] Camp Grant, 60 mi. E. of Tucson, Ariz. (Palmer), i male. [Scud- der Collection.] 1 19 1 3. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLIV, p. 596. The effort in this paper to retain also the name exilis upon size, coupled with a slight and natural differ- ence in abdominal width, is unwarranted. Study of an extensive series shows that, wherever a number of specimens from the same locality are available for examination, such size variation is found. - The Territory of Misiones, Argentina, adjoins the State of Santa Catha- rina, Brazil, the type locality of the present species. The type, a small female, is given as 5 lines (10.5 mm.) long including the forceps, which are t >^ lines (2.7 mm.). 92 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- >^xn. San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise Co., Ariz., 3.750 ft. (Snow), 2 males. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] Nogales, Ariz., July 9, 1903 (Oslar), 2 males, 2 females. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, and Hebard Collection.] Sycamore Canon, Baboquivari Mts., Pima Co., Ariz., Oct. 6-9, 19 10, 3,700 ft. (R. & H.), 2 males, 2 females. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. and Hebard Collection.] Copete Mines, 30 mi. E. of Carbo, Sonora, ^Mexico (F. V. Nicholas), 3 females. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.] Escuinapa, Sinaloa, Mex. (J. H. Batty), i male, I female. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.] Guajuca, 20 mi. E. of Monterey, Nuevo Leon, 'Mex. (Palmer), 2 males. [Scudder Collection.] Monterey, N. Leon, IMex., ]\Iarcli (Palmer), 2 males. [Scudder Collection.] Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mex. (Barrett), 2 females. [Hebard Col- lection.] A'era Cruz, \'era Cruz, Mex. (Salle), 2 males. [Scudder Collec- tion.] Medellin, V. C, Mex., i male. [Hebard Collection.] Huatusco V. C, Mex., 1,200 m. (C. Corrizatti), i male. [Scud- der Collection.] Jalapa, V. C, Mex., i male, i female ; Aug.-Sept., 2 males, 4 females. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. and Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.] La Buena \'entura, V. C, Mex., i male. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.] Orizaba, ^^ C, Mex., Jan. 9-16, 1892 (H. Osborn), 2 males; June 6, 1899 (Barrett), i male; Jan. 14, 1892 (Bruner), 29 males, 28 females. [Hebard Collection, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. and Scudder Collection.] Texolo, V. C, Mex., 1890 (S. N. Rhoads), i male; Aug. (Bar- rett), 2 females. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] Zopopan, Jalisco, Mex., Sept. 11, 1903, 5,500 ft. (Tower), 2 fe- males. [Tower Collection.] Ocatlan, Jal., Mex., Sept. 1903 (Tower), i male. [Tower Col- lection.] Queretero, Mex., Nov. 1887 (Bruner), i male, [Hebard Col- lection.] Joyutla, Morelos, Mexico, Aug. 1903 (Tower), 3 females. [Tower Collection.] June, 1914.] Rehx-Hebard: The Genus Doru. 93 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mex., July 30, 1903, 5,021 ft. (Tower), 2 males, 3 females, in garden in town; slope W. of town, Aug. i, 1903, 5,200 ft. (Tower), i male, semi-arid upland; Feb., June, Sept. (Barrett), 4 males, 2 females. [Tower Collection, Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila. and Hebard Collection.] IMatamoros, j\Ior., IMex., Aug. 12, 1903 (Towerj), i male. [Tower Collection.] Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mex., 4,000 ft. (H. H. Smith), i male. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] Chiapas, Mex. (Van Patten), 2 males, 7 females. [Scudder Col- lection.] La Zacualpa, Chiapas, IMex., i male, i female. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.] Male specimens before us showing the extreme condition of deli- cate, more evenly curved and toothless forceps, come from the fol- lowing localities ; one. Sycamore Caiion, Baboquivari ^Its., Ariz. ; one, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mex. ; one, Rio Madeira, Brazil. The other male from the Baboquivari ISIts. also shows this extreme condition except that it possesses a decided inner tooth. The greater part of the rest of the series is more nearly typical of the heavier condition. Doru aculeatum (Scudder). 1862. Forficula aculeata Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, p. 262. (New York; Northern Illinois; Southern Michigan; Cuba?) 1862. Forficula aculeata Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geo!. Surv. Terr.. II, p. 256. (Key.) Described from a series of three males and five females from three authentic and one questioned locality. 5- Dorsal outline of Doni aculeatum, from Mineral Springs, Indiana. Single type here designated: male; Southern ^lichigan. (M. Miles.) [Scudder Collection.] The wings are not absent in this species, as Scudder states in his 94 Journal New York Entomological Society, tvoi. xxii. original description, but are merely aborted and hidden under the tegmina; the male forceps are well described by Scudder. Variation is found from this sturdy, more sharply bowed type of male forceps to one in which the curvature is much as in D. lincare, these specimens being mainly distinguishable by the aborted and concealed wings and longer pygidial spine. A number of males from Nebraska and Georgia are of this more delicate type, while the single male from Burton, Georgia, shows a decided general increase in size and an accompany- ing attenuation. In coloration no distinct features e.xist to separate the present species from D. lincare. Measurements (in Millimeters), of Various Extremes. Mineral Springs, , Burton, Ga., Peru. Nebr. | Rabun Ruckhead, Oa., Fulton County. County. Males. Females. Males. Females. Male. Female. Male. Female. Length of body .... 9-3-10.9 6.9-8.8 7.8-10.7 8 -9.8 12 9.6 7.8 8.7 Length of pronotum. 1.6- 1.8 1. 4-1. 8 1.6- 2 1. 8-1.9 2 1.8 1.7 1-7 Length of tegnien . . 2.3- 2.7 2 -2.3 2.4- 2.7 2.7-2.8 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.7 Length of forceps.. . 4-7- 6.3 3 -3-2 3-6- 6.5 3-3-3-6 6.8 3-4 3-8 3-6 Length of pygidial spine .8- I .8- I.I; •9 — •7 — Specimens Examined. — 38: 16 males, 19 females, 3 with abdomen missing. Northern Michigan (M. Miles), i male. Type. [Scudder Col- lection.] !Jklineral Springs, Indiana, Oct. 2, 1910 (W. J. Gerhard), 4 males, 3 females. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. and Hebard Collection.] West Point, Nebraska, May, 1888, 2 males, 2 females. [Hebard Collection ex Bruner.] Peru, Nebr., May i, 1910 (Bruner), 6 males, 3 females. [Hebard Collection.] New York, i adult. [Scudder Collection ex Uhler.] Pennsylvania, i female. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] Tryon, North Carolina (W. E. Eiske), l female, on Juglans sp. [U. S. Nat. Mus.] Cumberland Gap, Kentucky (G. Dininiick, i male. [Scudder Col- lection.] Burton, Rabun County. Georgia, May 21, 191 1, 1,800 ft. (J. C. Bradley), i male, 2 females. [Ga. State. Collection.] June, 1914.] Rehn-Hebard: The Genus Doru. 95 Thompsons Mills, Ga., April, 191 1 (Allard), i female. [U. S. Nat. Mus.] Austell, Ga., Aug. 6, 1910, i female. [Ga. State Collection.] Buckhead, Fulton County, Ga., April 16, 191 1, i male, 2 females, 2 adults; Aug. 2, 1913 (R. & H.), 2 females. [Ga. State Collection, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. and Hebard Collection.] Atlanta, Ga., July, l female. [Ga. State Collection.] Doru davisi new species. Distinguished from its nearest ally, D. acideatiim, by the more attenuate general structure, in the male sex by the very much longer pygidial spine and very different forceps. Type: Male; South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Florida. May 2, 1912. (Wm. T. Davis.) Hebard Collection. 6 8 Doru davisi, n. sp. Dorsal outline Lateral outline of male forceps of of type. Doru aculeatum (7; Mineral Springs, Indiana) and Doru davisi (8; type). Description of type : Size rather large for genus ; form attenuate ; surface polished, with abdominal segments very finely punctate excepting the distal segment. Head, pronotum, tegmina and wings as in D. aculeatum, the wings aborted and wholly concealed by the tegmina as in that species. Abdomen more produced, the proximal joints more compressed than in aculeatum. Forceps longer than abdomen, the proximal fourth stout, triquetral, with the ventro-internal margins of this portion weakly and rather distantly supplied with tubercles. Pygidial spine decidedly acicular, considerably longer than the distal abdominal segment. Color : In general chestnut brown shading to chestnut on the forceps ; limbs, lateral margins of dorsum of pronotum and cephalic portions of tegmina mummy brown. or> TouKNAL New York I^xtomological Society. [\'°1- >^^ii- Allotype: Female; the .specinicii bears the same data as the type. This specimen is slender and colored much as the type. Otherwise it is inseparable from the same sex of aciilcaia. In addition to the type and allotype we have three males, nine females and two nymphs, bearing the same data as the type, which may be considered paralypes. Mkasurementsi (in Millimeters). Type, Male. Paratypic Male. Allotype, Female. Paratypic Female. Length of body Length of pronotum. . . . Length of tegmcn Length of forceps Length of pygidial spine II 1.9 3 8.7 2.2 II.6 1.9 2.7 6.6 1.8 8.3 1.6 2.1 3-3 8.5 1.6 2.6 35 The present species appears to be the extreme development from a common ancestor with D. aculcatiDii. The tremendously produced pygidial spine is found in another otherwise very different species, Doni spiculifcrum Kirby, described from New South Wales, Australia. RECORDS OF DERMAPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA FROM WEST CENTRAL AND SOUTHWESTERN FLORIDA, COLLECTED BY WILLIAM T. DAVIS. By James A. G. Reiin and Morgan Hebard. PlIILADELrHI.A, Pa. In the past two years Air. Win. T. Davis, of Xew Brighton, Staten Island, has submitted to us for examination several scries of Dcrmap- tera and Orthoptera taken by him in northern, west central and south- western Florida. The present paper is an annotated list of the material secured by him in west central and southwestern Florida, the records from northern Florida not being included, as the authors are at present engaged in studying an extensive series from that region and the adjacent portion of Georgia. 1 These measurements indicate decided variability in the species when the ditTi-rcnccs between the two known males arc noted. June, 1914] Rehx-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 97 The series here treated comprises six hundred and eight specimens of one hundred and four species, one of which has proved to be new. Many of the records here given are of particular interest as the range of a number of species is extended by the same, while quite a few of the forms represented are but little known and scarce, both in col- lections and in nature. In addition to this collection a small series of twenty-two specimens, collected by Dr. J. Chester Bradley in the same region, is recorded in this paper. The authors wish to thank Mr. Davis for his courtesy in permit- ting them to examine the material here treated, and also for allowing a representation to be retained for the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the Hebard Collection. Throughout the present paper the notes in quotation marks have been inserted by the collector, Mr. Davis. FORFICULID^. Anisolabis annulipes (Lucas). Lakeland, Fla., March 28, 1912: i female. La Belle, Fla., April 2y, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., April, 1912; 2 females. Anisolabis maritima (Gene). L'seppa, Lee Count}-, Fla., April, 1912: i female. Labidura bidens (Olivier). Lakeland, Fla., Xov. 8, 191 1; i female; May 6, 1912; i female. Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i nymph. Punta Ck)rda, Fla., Xov. 16, 191 1; 2 males, 2 females. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912: i female. Exceedingly great variation in size is shown in the four females before us; the largest, from Fort Myers, being 18.3 mm. in body length, while the length of the smallest, from Lakeland, is but 13.2 mm. Prolabia unidentata (Beauv.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Xov. 13, 191 1; i female: (Charlotte Harbor) (Slosson), I male, 4 females. [Scudder Collection.] Marco, Fla., April 20, 1912; i male, i female. All of these specimens belong to the usual apterous form. Dora davisi R. and H. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May i, 2. 1912; 4 males, 10 females, 2 n}-mphs. 98 Journal New York Entomological Societ\. fVoi. xxii. These specimens, including the type of the species, have recently been fully treated and described in the present Journal. " A winding path led along the shore of South Bay, Lake Okee- chobee, between the water and the thick growth of Custard-apple trees, and on the low tangled vegetation bordering this path we found Doru daznsi in considerable numbers." BLATTID^. Ischnoptera nigricoUis Walker. Lakeland, Fla., May 7, 1912; i male. Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i female. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 30, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., xA.pril 17, 1912; i male. Chokoloskee, Fla., April 8, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., April, 1912; 2 males, i female. (Trapped.) Ischnoptera couloniana (Sauss.). Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, 1912; i female. This specimen has the tegmina subquadrate, with the distal margins quite obliquely subtruncate; this is very different from the normal type of tegmina which is subquadrato-ovate. The present record is the most southern known for the species. Ischnoptera uhleriana fulvescens S. and Z. Lakeland, Fla., May 4, 8, 1912; 2 females: Nov. 10, 1911; 5 nymphs. Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i male. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 13, 14, 15, 1911; 4 nymphs. Neoblattella detersai (Walker). Lakeland, Fla., May 5, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 9, 1912; i male. These west coast specimens of the present West Indian species of insect are of particular interest in showing that it is widely distributed throughout southern Florida. The Lakeland record extends the previously known range considerably nt^rtlnvard. Ceratinoptera diaphana (Fabr.). Lakeland, Fla., March 28, 1912. Fort Myers, Fla., April 2, 1912. 1 Sec Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 19 14, p. 379. June, 1914] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 99 Ceratinoptera lutea S. and Z. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 9, 1911, May 8, 1912; i male, 2 females. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 15, 16, 191 1; i male, i female, i nymph. Fort IMyers, Fla., April 26, 1912; i male. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 30, May i, 1912; i male, I female. Everglade, Fla., April, 1912; i female (trapped): April 9, 13, 1912; 3 females. "This and other species of cockroaches were taken in some num- bers along Allen's River, Everglade, Lee Co., Fla., in jars baited with the ordinary sugar mixture." Eurycotis floridana (Walker). Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 191 1 ; 2 nymphs. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11, 13, 15, 1911; i male, 2 females. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i female. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 9, 1912; i male. " At night, with the aid of a lantern, this large roach was often found walking about on low bushes, etc., for it is a fair climber in spite of its clumsy appearance." Periplaneta americana (Linn.). Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7, 1911; i male (in hotel). Everglade, Fla., April 5, 1912; i male. Periplaneta australasise (Fabr.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 14, 15, 191 1; 3 males, I nymph. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May 2, 1912; i female. Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 5, 1912; 2 males. Periplaneta brunnea (Burm.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 15, 1911; i nymph. Fort Myers, Fla., April i, 1912; i female. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linn.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 13, 1911; 2 females, i nymph (under board). Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; i female. 100 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^xii- La Belle, Fla., April 2^, 1912; i nymph. Everglade, Fla., April 16, 1912; i male. " At Punta Gorda there was a vacant house at the end of the town frequented at night by a Nanny and Billy goat, and on warm evenings many Pcriplancta aiistralasicc would run about on the piazza floor and on the sides of the house. They were seen feeding on the excrement of the goats and were no doubt to a great degree dependent upon them." Chorisoneura plocea Rehn. Lakeland, Fla., May 5, 1912; i female. Measurements (in Millimeters). Feni.-ile. Length of body 8.4 Length of pronotuni 2.1 Greatest width of pronotum 3. Length of tegmen 7.4 Greatest width of tegmen 2.9 MANTID^. Stagmomantis Carolina (Johannson). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 13, 1911 ; i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May i, 1912; i very small nymph. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i nymph. The adult female is the largest specimen of this species we have' seen. Measurements (in Millimeters). Female. Length of body 75. Length of pronotum 27.5 Greatest width of pronotum 4.9 • Length of tegmen 23. Length of cephalic femur 18. Length of caudal femur 22.9 Gonatista grisea (Fabr.). Lakeland, Fla., May 6, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., June, 1912; i nymph. Thesprotia graminis (Sc). Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 10, 191 1; 2 females. June, 1914] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 101 Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley) ; i male. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11, 1911 ; 2 females. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May I, 1912; I female. Everglade, Fla., April 11, 1912; i male. The largest specimen of the series is from Punta Gorda, measuring 60.5 mm. in length. PHASMIDiE. Manomera tenuescens (Sc). Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 191 1; i female. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 16, 191 1; i male. Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1912; i male. Manomera brachypyga R. and H.i La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i female, i nymph. Marco, Fla., April 20, 1912; i male, i female. This species, recently described^ from Southeastern Florida, ap- pears to be distributed like the preceding species over the greater part of the state. Aplopus mayeri Caudell. Everglade, Fla., April 10, 1912; i female. This is the first record of the present species from the mainland of Florida. The specimen before us is armed on the ventral surface of the median and caudal femora with 5-7 and y-y spines respectively ; all of the females before us from Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, have these margins armed with 4, very seldom 5, spines. " The fact that this species had not been recorded from the main- land of Florida was realized when it was beaten into an umbrella from the branch of a large tree growing on the edge of the low ground at Everglade, Lee Co., and considerable effort was made to find other specimens, but without success." Anisomorpha buprestoides (Stoll). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 16, 191 1; i very small nymph. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male, I female nymph. Everglade, Fla., April 7, 1912; i female. " When disturbed this insect shoots from two pores on the pro- thorax a milky fluid that smarts considerably when it touches one's 1 1914. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 384. 102 Journal New York Entomological Society. ['**^^- xxii. face, and would undoubtedly cause much irritation if received in the eyes. The female of the species being much larger than the male, has a more powerful and copious battery at her command." ACRIDIDiE. Nomotettix floridanus Hanc. Lakeland, Fla., May 8, 1912, Nov. 9, 10, 1911, 2 males, 4 females, I female nymph. Fort Myers, Fla., ]\Iarch 31, April 2^, 1912; 3 females. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. The present form may be separated from New England represen- tatives of A^. cristatus by the following characters : vertex less elevated above the eyes; fastigium more acute in lateral aspect; tegniina smaller and more abbreviate; median femora narrower with dorsal margin showing a faint sinuation. Acrydium blatchleyi Hanc. Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; 2 females. The present species appears to be very distinct from its nearest ally, A. gibbosus. This is the first record of the species since it was described from two females, taken at Ormond, Florida, on April 9, 1899, by W. S. Blatchley. The specimen before us is wholly typical except that it is slightly smaller than the types. Measurements (in Millimeters). Female. Length of body 9. Length of pronotum 8.6 Length of teginen 1.4 Length of caudal fcnuir 5. Neotettix femoratus (Sc). Lakeland, Fla., May 5, 1912; Nov. 10, 191 1; 2 males, 2 females. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 14, 191 1; i male, i female, i male, elongate type. Fort Myers, Fla., March 31, April 23. 26, 191 2; 2 males, i female. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 28, 1912; i male, 2 females. Neotettix coarctatus Hanc. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 12, 14, 16, 1911; 5 males, 13 females, i male nymph, 8 female nymphs. 3 males, 4 females, elongate type. June, 1914.] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 103 Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 26, 1912; i male, 3 females. South Bay, Lake Okechobee, Fla., April 30, 1912; i female. Paratettix rugosus (Sc). Lakeland, Fla., Aug. 16, 1910 (J. C. Bradley), i male: Nov. 9, 191 1 ; I female. Long Boat Key, Fla., (J. C. Bradley), i male, I female. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 12, 16, 191 1; 13 males, 16 females. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 30, 1912; i female. • Deep Lake, April 13, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., May, 1912; i male. Tettigidea lateralis (Say). Lakeland, Fla., May 4, 1912, Nov. 8, 9, 10, 191 1; 4 males, 10 fe- males, 5 female nymphs. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 12, 14, 16, 191 1 ; 9 males, 14 females, 8 female nymphs. Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, April 23, 1912; 3 females. Everglade, Fla., May, 1912; i female. All of the adults in the present series are of the elongate type. Tettigidea spicata Morse. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May i, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., May, 1912; 2 females. Tettigidea annata Morse. [' Deep Lake, April 13, 1912; i male, i female. Radinotatum brevipenne peninsulare R. and H. Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i female. \ Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 14, 191 1; I female. Fort Myers, Fla., March 31, 1912 (nymphal), April 23, (adult); 2 females. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 19-21, 1912; i male, 3 females (one pair in coitu). Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1912; i female. These specimens are typical of the race peninsulare. In addition we have examined in Mr. Davis' series two males and four females from Lakeland (May yS, 1912, and November 7-10, 1911), which are absolutely intermediate between typical brevipenne and b. penin- sulare in character. 104 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- ^^-'^ii- Truxalis brevicornis (Johannson). Everglade, Ela., July, 1912; i female. This is the largest individual of the species we have seen, a series of forty-four females from localities ranging from New Jersey to Buenos Aires, Argentina, containing none equalling the present speci- men in size. The principal measurements are as follows: length of body, 39.5 mm.; length of pronotum, 7.8; length of tegmen, 38; length of caudal femur, 25. Mermiria intertexta Sc. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 15, 191 1 (C. \V. Leng) ; i female. Everglade, Fla., July, 1912; i female. Macneillia obscura (Sc.) Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 1911 ; i female. This specimen has a complete dorsal medio-longitudinal pinkish buff line of subequal width. Amblytropidia occidentalis (Sauss.). Lakeland, Fla., March 29, 1912, Nov. 9, 1911; i male, i female. Fort Myers, Fla., April 24, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 20, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 11, 1912: i female. Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; 2 males. A Deep Lake male is the smallest of that sex. while the one from Marco is the largest. The two females are of nearly equal size, agreeing with a Tampa female in this respect. Orphulella pelidna Burm. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 191 1; 2 males, 3 females; May 4-8, 1912, 2 males, 2 females. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11-13, 191 1 ; 3 males, 2 females, 2 nymphs. Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, 1912; i male; April 24, 1912, i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male, 5 females. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., 1912, May i, 1912; i male, i female. Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; 2 males. Dichromorpha viridis (Sc). Lakeland, Ma., ]\Iay 4, 1912, Nov. 7-9, 191 1 ; 2 males, 7 Icmales, Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11 and 16, 1912; 2 males, 2 females. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; i male. I June, 1914-] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 105 La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i female. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male, I female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, April 29, 1912; i male. Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; i female. The -^^males represent the dark brown phase, the pale, brown phase and the green phase; the males are of the entirely green phase, the green dorsum phase and the pale dorsum phase. The Lakeland series represents all of these phases except the pale brown phase of the male. The entirely green phase of the male is found in only a single Lake- land specimen and this condition is apparently quite unusuai judging by the series in our collections. Individually the present series shows considerable variation in size. Clinocephalus elegans pulcher R. and H. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 9, 191 1; i female. Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley) ; 2 males, i female. Everglade, Fla., May, 1912; i female. These specimens are typical of the race pulcher. Arphia granulata Sauss. Lakeland, Fla., May 6, 1912, Nov. 8, 191 1; 2 males. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 17, 191 1; i female. Fort Myers, Fla., April 25, 1912; i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. The Punta Gorda female is quite blackish in general dorsal color, the caudal femora drab proximad and with the usual two dark bands (mesad and distad) strongly indicated dorsad, the distal one of these equally indicated laterad. The Lakeland and La Belle individuals are quite reddish, varying in general tone from kaiser brown to chestnut, while the Fort Myers and Marco specimens approach cinnamon- brown in general color, with the face and part of the gense buckthorn brown. The reddish and brownish individuals have the usual two distal femoral bars indicated more or less distinctly dorsad, but only faintly or not at all so laterad. Chortophaga australior R. and H. Lakeland, Fla., May 4, 1912, Nov. 8, 191 1; 2 males, i female. Sarasota, Fla., Aug. 14, 1900 (J. C. Bradley), 2 males, 3 females. Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), 2 males, 2 females. 106 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'"^- x>^ii- Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11-17, 1911; 4 males, 2 females. Fort Myers, Fla., April 26, 1912; I female. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male, i female. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., May, 1912; i female. Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; i female. The green phase is represented by four females from Lakeland, Punta Gorda, Fort Myers and La Belle. The other Punta Gorda specimen of that sex has the discoidal trunk of the tegmina greenish. Hippiscus phoenicopterus (Burm.). Lakeland, Fla., May 7, 1912; I male. The present specimen has the dorsal and ventral lamellate carina- tions of the caudal femora considerably more pronounced than in northern specimens of the species. This character may be racial, but we wish to defer comment until more material from central Florida is available. Scirtetica marmorata picta (Sc). Lakeland, Fla., May 5, 1912, November S-io, 1912; 3 males, 2 females. Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 18, 1912; i male, i female. One Lakeland male is distinctly smaller than any other individual of that sex seen by us. In general coloration this specimen shades from buff-pink on the face and gense to walnut brown on the tegmina, the usual maculations of the latter but faintly indicated, the caudal femoral bars decided, but only on the dorsal face. Psinidia fenestralis (Serv.). Lakeland, Fla., March 28, May 4, 1912, Nov. 18, 191 1; 3 males, I female. Fort Myers, Fla., April 25, 1912; i female. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. Trimerotropis citrina Sc. St. Petersburg, Fla., Aug. 12, 1910 (J. C. Bradley), i male. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; I male. Romalea microptera (Beauv.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 15, 1911; i male. La Belle, Fla., April 28, 1912; i male. June, 1914-] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 107 Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male. " The Species was found in numbers at Punta Gorda in November, 191 1, but was not common at any of the localities visited in the spring of 1912. At Punta Gorda they were feeding on a papilionaceous plant along an old railroad embankment and when disturbed would walk off in an amusingly stately, dignified manner. This lubber grass- hopper can make a hissing sound, which is produced by the air being forced from the large stigmata near the base of the wings. This was more particularly noticed in recently matured individuals." Leptysma marginicoUis (Serv.). Lakeland, Fla., May 7, 1912; i male. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; i male. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 20, 1912; i female. Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., April 5, 1912; i male. Stenacris vitreipennis (Marschall). Arnilia chlorizans of authors. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7, 10, 191 1; i male, 3 females, i nymph. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11, 13, 17, 1911; 4 males, 3 females. Fort Myers, Fla., April i, 1912; i male. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 29, May i, 1912; i male, I female. Schistocerca alutacea (Harris). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 15, 17, 191 1 ; i male, i female. These specimens are both of the brown phase. Schistocerca obscura (Fabr.). Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7, 1911; i female. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11, 15, 1911; 2 males. Schistocerca americana (Drury). Long Boat Key, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May I, 1912; i female. Puntarassa, Fla., April 3, 1912; i female. Schistocerca damnifica calidior R. and H. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7, 9, 191 1, May 6, 1912; 3 females. 108 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. ^'^'°^- xxii. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. ]\Iarco, Fla., April 21, 1912; i male. Gymnoscirtetes pusillus Sc. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 9, 191 1; i female. This species has previously been recorded only from northern Florida and southern Georgia. Eotettix signatus Sc. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 10, 191 1; i female. Melanoplus puer Sc. Lakeland, Fla., May 8, 1912, Nov. 8, 10, 191 1 ; 6 males, i female. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. li, 13, 14, 191 1; 5 males, 2 females, i male nymph, i female nymph. Fort Myers, Fla., April i, 1912; i male nymph. Marco, Fla., April 19, 1912; i male. " At Lakeland Melanoplus pucr was not uncommon in a field over- grown with Eupatonum capillifolium." Melanoplus rotundipennis Sc. Lakeland, Fla., INIay 4, 5, 1912, Nov. 7, 191 1; i male. 2 females. Melanoplus propinquus Sc. J.akcland, Ma., Nov. 7, 8, 9, 1911, May 4, 5, 1912; 4 males, 4 females. Marco, Fla., April 18, 1912; 1 male. Melanoplus keeleri (Thomas). Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 1911 ; i male, i female. Paroxya atlantica Sc. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 10, 1911, ]\Iay 8, 1912; 2 males. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11, 13, 16, 1911 ; 4 males. Fort Myers, Fla., April, 1912; I male. La Belle, Fla., April 28, 1912; i male. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male, i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 29, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1912; i male. Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., April 11, 1912; i male. No approach to P. atlantica paroxyoidcs is shown in the above series, all of the specimens belonging to the smaller, more attenuate south Florida type of atlantica. June, 1914-] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 109 Paroxya floridiana (Thorn.). ■ Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May 2, 1912; i female. Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 6, 1912; i male. Aptenopedes clara Rehn. Lakeland, Fla., May 7, 1912, Nov. 7-10, 191 1; 12 males, 8 females, I male nymph. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11-16, 191 1 ; 4 males, 4 females. Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, 1912; i male. La Belle, Fla., April 28, 1912; i male. Marco, Fla., April 20, 1912; i female. The series from Lakeland is not typical as all of the specimens show, to a moderate degree, an approach to A. sphcnarioidcs. The furcula in some cases are narrow and noticeably produced, the supra- anal plate is frequently somewhat narrower than in typical clara and the cerci are much shorter with the falcate distal portion greatly modified. The evidence strongly indicates that material from north central Florida will prove to be intermediate between sphenarioidcs and clara, and the latter will therefore prove to be a geographic race. Aptenopedes aptera Sc. Tampa, Fla., Nov. 23, 191 1 (Engelhardt) ; i male. [Museum Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci.] Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 14, 191 1; i male, i female. Marco, Fla., April 19, 1912; i female. TETTIGONIIDiE. Arethaea phalangium (Sc). Fort Myers, Fla.,^ April 23, 1912; i female nymph. Scudderia texensis Sauss. and Pictet. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7, 191 1; i female. Fort Myers, Fla., April 24, 1912; i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27-28, 1912; i male, I female. Marco, Fla., April 21, 1912; i male. Scudderia furcata Brunner. Lakeland, Fla., May 7, 1912; i male. 1 Vide Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, XL, p. 141. 110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxii. This is the first exact record of the species from Florida south of Jacksonville. Amblycorypha floridana R. and H. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i female. Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male, i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 29-30, 1912; i male, i female. These specimens are typical of the species. Microcentrum rhombifolium (Sauss.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 17, 1911; i female. Fort Myers, Fla., March 31 and April 2, 1912; 2 males. Microcentrum rostratum R. and H. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11-17, 1911 ; 2 males, i female, i female nymph. Puntarassa, Fla., April 3, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 5, 1912; i female. While fully typical of the species these individuals are all slightly larger than Miami and Key West specimens. " At Punta Gorda this insect was not uncommon in a clump of mangroves and the males were captured at night by following up their short click click song, the notes of which were often uttered close together." Stilpnochlora marginella (Serv.). Fort Myers, Fla., March 31, 1912 (at light) ; i male. This specimen is very slightly larger than a male, labelled " Fla.," in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. " This species cannot be very uncommon at Fort Myers, for sev- eral of them were attracted to a strong electric light on the edge of the town, though I was able to secure but one male." Belocephalus sabalis Davis. 1 Originally described from Punta Gorda, Fla., on the basis of material collected in November, 1911, this species is now known to range considerably to the southward. Belocephalus hebardi Davis. 2 This species was described from material collected at Punta Gorda, Fla., in November, 191 1. 1 Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, XX, p. 123. 2 Ibid., p. 123. June, 1914] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. Ill Pyrgocorypha uncinata (Harris). Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. Chokoloskee, Fla., April 8, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 11, 1912; i male. " The Chokoloskee male was found hidden away in the day time among some dead leaves on a branch of an alligator-pear tree lying on the ground and was so active when disturbed that it would prob- ably have escaped if it hadn't been somewhat deformed. The indi- viduals from Marco and Everglade were collected at night, attention being drawn to them by their song which resembles acik, azik, azik, azik. They were very shy when singing and difficult to capture." Neoconocephalus mexicanus (Sauss.). Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 30, 1912; i female. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla., April 12, 1921 ; i female. Everglade, Fla., April 5 and 7, 1912; i male, i female. The Fort Myers female and the Everglade male are of the brown phase (fnsco-striatus). The Marco male has the fastigium with no black, a condition noted by us in Costa Rican specimens of the species. Homorocoryphus malivolans (Sc). Citrus Center, Fla., May 2, 1912; 2 males. These specimens fully agree with the male of the species from Detroit, Dade County, Florida, recently recorded by us.^ Odontoxiphidium apterum Morse. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7-10, 191 1 ; 5 males, 4 females. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 16, 191 1; i female. The Punta Gorda female has the ovipositor relatively very long, about one and one-half times the body length. The Lakeland females have the ovipositor length varying from somewhat shorter than the length of the body to one and one third times the same. The United States National Museum collection contains two males of this species from Lemon City (E. J. Brown) and Fort Drum (Sept. 20, 1903; A. Fredenholm), Florida. Orchelimum glaberrimum (Burm.). Everglade, Fla., July, 1912; i male, i female. This is the most southern record of the species in Florida. The 1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 405. 112 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'^'- >^-'^ii- female specimen has the head entirely deep red, while the male shows evidence of similar coloration in life. Orchelimum molossum R. and H. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7-10, 1911 ; 8 males, 2 females. Everglade, Fla., May, 1912, July ; i male, i female. These records are the most southern known for the species. "The song is quite like that of Orcliclimuvt vnlgare Harris of the northeastern states." Orchelimum pulchellum Davis. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 7, 1911 ; 2 males. Orchelimum concimium So. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 16, 191 1; i male. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; i male, i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 30, 1912; 2 males, i female. The facial maculation is decided in the Punta Gorda specimen and weakly or moderately indicated in the others. Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse). Tampa, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i female. St. Petersburg, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), i male. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 13-15, 191 1; i male, 2 females. The Punta Gorda male is quite small. Tampa and the present localities are the only ones in western Florida from which the species is known. Conocephalus fasciatus (DeGeer). Lakeland, Fla., May 7, 1912, Nov. 7-10, 1911; 11 males, 8 females. Tampa, Fla. (J. C. Bradley), 2 females. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11-15, 1911; i male, 2 females. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; 2 males. Several of the Lakeland specimens are quite purplish on the tegmina and in most of the Lakeland and Punta Gorda individuals the median dark bar on the head and pronotum is nearly solid or has the lateral margins strongly infuscate. One Lakeland female and the Fort Myers pair are yellowish and have the dark bar but weakly or not at all indicated. These are the first records of the species from western Florida south of Cedar Keys and Gainesville. June, 1914-] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. 113 Conocephalus spartinae (Fox). Everglade, Fla., April 9-1 1, 1912; 3 males, 3 females. From this material it is evident that the present species ranges south to southern Florida and is also dimorphic in the length of the tegmina and wings. One pair from Everglade are of the normal brachypterous type, as seen when compared with the type and para- types now before us, while the other two pairs are decidedly macrop- terous, the wings surpassing the tips of the caudal femora by at least the dorsal length of the pronotum. In this latter phase spartincs strongly resembles fasciatits in superficial appearance. Atlanticus glaber R. and H. Marco, Fla., April 20-21, 1912; i male, i female. This is the first record of this very interesting species since its description and the present material fully agrees with the type and allotype. In the male the coloration of the dorsum is a uniform russet, while the female has a narrow median line of blackish extend- ing from the fastigium to the apex of the abdomen, this being divided mesad by a thread of the general color. The lateral pronotal lobes of the female show almost no infuscation. The range of the species is now known to cover the southwestern as well as the southeastern portion of peninsular Florida. " These insects were secured by treading closely and more or less shoving my feet through the tangled grass in a small, moist, fresh meadow in the interior of Key Marco." GRYLLID^. Scapteriscus abbreviatus Sc. Fort Myers, Fla., Ivlarch 31, April 23, 1912; i male, I nymph. EUipes minuta (Sc). Fort Myers, Fla., Nov. 14, 191 1; 5 males, i female. Four are macropterous. Cryptoptilum antillarum (Redt.). Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i male. Cryptoptilum trigonipalpum R. and H. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May I, 2, 1912; 4 males, i female. Cycloptilum squamosum Sc. Lakeland, Fla., May 5, 1912; i male, i female. 114 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xxii. Nemobius fasciatus socius Sc. Lakeland, Fla., ]\Iay 4, 6, 7, 1912; I male, 2 females. 2 females, macropterous. Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, 31, April i, 22, 23, 26, 1912; 9 males, 12 females. 9 males, 11 females, macropterous. Everglade, Fla., April 9, 1912; 2 males, i female. All brachyp- terous. The large percentage of macropterous individuals in this series, practically 80 per cent., is unusual. One of the males from Everglade is exceptionally large. Nemobius ambitiosus Ss. Lakeland, Fla., March 28, 1912, May 4, 5, 8, 1912; 3 males, 4 females. Fort Myers, Fla., April 26, 1912; i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. Nemobius cubensis Sauss. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 1912; i male. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i male. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May 2, 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 7, 14, 1912; 2 females. All of the above specimens are macropterous. Nemobius carolinus Sc. Lakeland, Fla., April 28, May 7, 1912; i male, i female. Fort Myers, Fla., March 31, April 22, 23, 1912; i male, 3 females. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., April 5, 11, 1912; i male, i female. All of the specimens in the above series are macropterous with the exception of the single female from Everglade. This macrop- terous condition is predominant in southern Florida. Miogryllus saussurei (Sc). Deep Lake, Fla., April 13, 1912; 2 males. Both of these specimens are very dark in coloration, the dorsal portion of the head is uniform shining black. Gryllus firmus Sc. Kital, ]''la., Nov. 18, 1911; I male. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 9, 17, 1911 ; i male, 2 females. Sarasota, Fla., Aug. 14, 1910 (J. C. Bradley), I female. June, 1914] Rehn-Hebard: Dermaptera from Florida. ■ 115 Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 13, 14, 15, 16, 191 1; 3 males, 7 females. La Belle, Fla., April 27, 1912; I female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May i, 1912; i female. Marco, Fla., April 19, 1912; i female. Everglade, Fla., April 10, May, 1912; 2 females. Gryllus rubens Sc. Lakeland, Fla., March 28, 1912, Nov. 7, 8, 9, 10, 191 1; 4 males, 5 females. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 16, 191 1; i female. Fort Myers, Fla., March 30, 1912; i female. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April 30, 1912; i female. Gryllodes sigillatus (Walker). Lakeland, Fla., May 4, 1912; i male: Nov. 8, 1911; I nymph. Fort Myers, Fla., April i, 1912; i female (at light). These records are the most northerly for the genus and species in the United States, secured under normal and unprotected conditions. Oecanthus angustipennis Fitch. Lakeland, Fla., May 5, 1912, Nov. 10, 191 1; i male, 2 nymphs. This is the first Florida record of the species. " This insect was identified in the field and considerable effort made to secure additional specimens, but they were uncommon." Oecanthus quadripunctatus Beut. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 8, 191 1; i male. Fort Myers, Fla., April 23, 191 1; i male, i female. The only previous Florida records of this species were from Cedar Keys and Pablo Beach (R. and H.). Anaxipha pulicaria (Burm.). South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May I, 2, 1912; i male, 2 females. Cyrtoxipha gundlachi Sauss. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 13-17, 1911 ; i male, 6 females, 3 nymphs. Two marked " on Mangrove." These specimens average smaller than the Key West and Miami individuals, otherwise they are inseparable. Hapithus quadratus Sc. Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 9, 191 1; i nymph. Fort Myers, Fla., March 31, 1912; i female. 116 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^^ii. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., May i, 2, 1912; 3 males, 3 females. Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i nymph. Everglade, Fla., June 1912; i female. Orocharis saulcyi (Guerin). Useppa Island, Lee County, Fla., April 1912; i male. Everglade, Fla., April 6, 1912; i male, i female. Useppa Island is the most northern locality from which this West Indian type has been recorded. Tafalisca lurida Walker. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 17, 1911; i nymph. Naples, Fla. (Scudder Collection), i nymph. ^ Marco, Fla., April 17, 1912; i nymph. The Marco specimen is a male in the instar preceding maturity, while the Punta Gorda nymph is a much less developed female. THE CRANEFLIES COLLECTED IN COSTA RICA BY DR. P. P. CALVERT. (TIPULID^, DIPTERA). By Charles P. Alexander, Ithaca, N. Y. While collecting the dragonfly material for the Biologia Centrali- Americana, Dr. P. P. Calvert secured a very considerable number of specimens of other orders of insects. A few of the craneflies that were taken have been considered by the author in other papers.^ The majority of the new forms have been left for this paper, however, and a complete list of the material secured is herein included. The crane- flies of the collection form a small but interesting lot and I am in- debted to Dr. Calvert and to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., for the privilege of studying these forms. The type-material is in the collection of the American Entomological Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ^Vide Bull. Brook. Ent. See, Vol. 8, Oct., 1912; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, No. 1966, Apr., 1913. June, 1914.] Alexander: Craneflies From Costa Rica. 117 Subfamily LIMNOBIN^. Tribe Limnobini. Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens. Dicranomyia omissa Alexander. One male and one female specimen from near Cartago, C. R., altitude 5,000 feet. They were taken on Dec. 15, 1909, over mud on the south slope of Irazu, by Dr. P. P. Calvert. One female from the Rio Siquiares, Turrucares, C. R., on Dec. 19, 1909. The specimens from Irazu are much larger than the type but undoubtedly belong to this same species. Genus RHIPIDIA Meigen. Subgenus Conorhipidia new subgenus. I propose this new subgeneric term for those species of the genus in which the mesonotal pr?escutum is produced dorsad into a promi- nent conical protuberance. Two species are known to me, coiiica Alexander, which is the type of the subgenus, and the smaller form described below as pnnctipennis. Rhipidia (Conorhipidia) punctipennis new species. Thoracic mesonotum produced into a conical point ; wings with dark mark- ings small and sparse. Female, length, 5.3—5.6 mm. ; wing, 6.8 mm. Female. — Rostrum and palpi dark brown ; the antennas light brown with pale hairs, the petioles of each segment pale. Head light gray. Pronotum and cervical sclerites brown. Mesonotal priescutum with a con- spicuous conical protuberance as in the subgenus ; pale yellow in front, rich brown behind the conical point ; scutum, scutellum and postnotum brown. Pleurae light yellow, except the meso- and meta-pleuras above the coxx, which are brown ; a shiny brown spot before the root of the wing and another near the stigma. Halteres pale, the knob scarcely darker. Legs, fore coxae yellow, hind and middle coxae brown ; trochanters, femora and tibiae light yellow, the tarsi a little more darkened. Wings pale yellowish hyaline with a few scattered brown dots as follows: one at the origin of Rs ; one on crossvein r; one at the base oi R 4 -\- 5 ; one at the fork of Cu on Cui i, indistinct dots at the tips of the veins; a rounded brown spot before the tip of 2d anal. Venation as in fig. I. Abdomen yellowish brown with a row of about five brown marks on the pleurae, the most anterior of which is very small, rounded. Holotype, $, Rio Siquiares, Turrucares, C. R., alt., 2,200 ft.; Aug. 14, '09; (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Paratype, J, with the type. 118 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxil Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. ; the paratype in the author's collection. The shape of the thorax, from the side, is shown in Fig. 10. Rhipidia (Arhipidia) domestica Osten Sacken. One male and two females from near Cartago, C. R., altitude 5,000 ft.; Dec. 15, '09; they were taken on the south slope of Irazu, over mud. One male from Cartago, Oct. 27, '09. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) calverti Alexander. The type, a male, was taken at Bonnefil farm, Rio Surubres, C. R., alt. 700 feet; Oct. 29, "09, by Dr. Calvert.^ Rhipidia (Rhipidia) costalis Williston. One very small female of this species from Rio Siquiares, Tur- rucares, C. R., alt. 2,200 ft., Aug. 14, '09. This is the first representa- tive of the species that I have seen and a figure of its venation is herein included (Fig. 2). The basal deflection of Ch^ is at the fork of M as in this group of species. Genus GERANOMYIA Haliday. Geranomyia tristis Loew. Two specimens, one of each sex, from Cache, C. R., j\Iar. 3, '10. Geranomyia sp. One female from Alajuela, C. R, alt. 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, '09. The specimen is of a small reddish form with hyaline wings but the condi- tion of the material forbids closer determination. Tribe Antociiini. Genus TEUCHOLABIS Osten Sacken. Teucholabis trifasciata Enderlein. One female of this species from Alajuela, C. R., alt. 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, '09. As I have indicated in another paper, this species is the same as the Limnobla bifasciata of Fabricius. Genus TOXORHINA Loew. Toxorhina centralis Alexander. One female from Cache, C. R., near a stagnant pool, bank of the Rio Reventazon ; Mar. 10, '10. 1 See Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., Vol. 8, Oct. 1912, p. 8-10, fig. d and h. June, 1914.] Alexander: Craneflies From Costa Rica. 119 Tribe Eriopterini. Genus RHABDOMASTIX Skuse. Subgenus Rhabdomastix Skuse. Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) septentrionalis, new species. Antennae of the male very long; color of the body dark brown; the stigmal spot of the wings pale. Male, length, 6 mm. ; wing, 7 mm. ; antennae (only twelve segments remain- ing) 15.5 mm. Male. — Antennae with the basal segment very large, light brown, flagellum yellowish brown. Head brown with a light gray bloom. Mesonotum dark brown, the pseudosutural fovea not conspicuous ; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light brown. Pleurae light brown with a sparse gray- ish bloom. Halteres pale yellow. Legs, coxae, brown with a sparse gray bloom, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull yellow, tibiae light brown, tarsi brown. Wings light gray, stigma oval, gray, rather indistinct, veins dark brown. Vena- tion (see fig. 3) : R 2 ■}- 3, long, rather longer than vein R 2 alone. Abdomen dark brown, the apical margins of the sclerites paler, brown ; hypopygium yellowish. Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R. : alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 15, '09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, Related to R. (R.) illudcns Alexander (Bolivia)^ but much smaller and dark brown in color, the thorax not clear gray with prominent pseudosutural foveae. This is the most northerly repre- sentative of the subgenus yet made known. Genus GNOPHOMYIA Osten Sacken. Gnophomyia subhyalina Alexander. One female from Alajuela, C. R., alt., 3,100 ft., on Sept. 15, '09, by Dr. Calvert. Genus MOLGPHILUS Curtis. Molophilus Orion, new species. Antennae of the male moderately long; ventral appendage of the hypo- pygium in the shape of a long, paddle-like arm densely clothed with a brush of hairs on its inner face. Male, length, 3.8 mm.; wing 4.4 mm. Female, length, 4.4 mm. ; wing 5 mm. Male. — Rostrum and palpi brown ; antennae rather short, if bent back- ward not extending beyond the wing-root ; the flagellar segments oval ; an- tennae brown covered with a dense pale pubescence; head grayish brown. 1 Ent. News, 1914, Vol. XXV, pp. 210, 211; pi. 9, fig. 6. 120 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- ^>^ii- Mesonotal pr?escutum grayish brown, the pseudosutural fovese prominent, elongate, reddish brown ; scutum, scutellum, postnotum and pleurae grayish brown. Halteres rather long, uniform light yellow. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellowish brown, femora and tibiae similar, the tips of the individual segments not infuscated, tarsi brown. Wings rather uniform light yellow, the veins pale. Venation as in fig. 4. Abdomen brown. Hypopygiuin about as in other species of the genus except the ventral appendage (see fig. 9) which here is long and slender, chitinized heavily, and having its inner or cephalic margin provided with a long dense brush of hairs. The anal lobe is provided with a dense covering of long pale hairs. Female, similar but larger. Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R., alt. 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, '09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Allotype, female, with the type. Types in the collection Acad. Xat. Sci. Phil. The numerous species of Molopliihis bear a great superficial re- semblance to one another and most of the species can only be sep- arated by a comparative study of the male genitalia. The ventral apical appendage is heavily chitinized and very various in shape in the different species and oft'ers the best criterion for specific determi- nation. The only other Central American MolopJtiliis described is M. gnatcmalensis Alexander^ which I have figured in Entomological News, Vol. XXV, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1914; as shown by the figure, the ventral appendages of the two species are entirely different. Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Subgenus Mesocyphona Osten Sacken. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) parva Osten Sacken. Two males and two females from Alajuela, C. R., Sept. 15, '09. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caloptera femoranigra Alexander. Many specimens of both sexes, including the type material, from Juan'Vinas, C. R., July 21, '09; they were attracted to a light on a rainy evening. Also from Cache, C. R., near the Rio Reventazon alt. 3,450 ft,, Mar. 4, '10, and at Alajuela, C. R., alt., 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, '09, one female specimen. Eleven specimens from the type locality now before me have the dark bands on the femora much paler and less intense, but undotvbtedly belong here. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, p. 511, 19 13. June, 1914-] Alexander: Craneflies From Costa Rica. 121 Genus GONOMYIA Meigen. Subgenus Leiponeura Skuse. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) recurvata, new species. Pleuralis group ; male hypopygium having two chitinized points on the pleurites ; dorsal gonapophyses long, slender, almost straight ; ventral gona- pophyses bent cephalad. Male, length, 4.4 mm. ; wing, 3.7 mm. Female, length, 5.7 mm. ; wing, 5 mm. Male. — Rostrum and palpi brown ; antennae with the basal segments yellow with a faint brown suffusion, flagellum brown ; head pale yellowish. Mesonotal prsescutum light brownish orange, the lateral margin very pale yellow separated from the orange by a very narrow dark brown line which is not apparent in front ; scutellum pale, whitish, with a brown median line. Pleurae having the pale line that is enclosed by the pleural stripes very pale, almost white, the lower dark pleural stripe broad. Halteres light brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters very pale, femora light brown with a broad, indistinct subapical ring, the tip rather broadly pale ; tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wings subhyaline, the stigmal spot vary large, rounded-oval, dark brown, veins brown. Abdominal tergites light yellow, the extreme tip and base of each seg- ment conspicuously dark brown ; sternites more uniformly dark brown. Hypo- pygium with the pleural pieces rather stout, the dorsal fleshy appendage long, slender, very pale ; the ventral appendage is enlarged at its base and near the tip bearing a prominent chitinized tooth which is directed outward ; at the tip of the lobe are several bristles and before the chitinized portion there is a shorter conical tooth on the outer or caudal margin of the lobe, this tooth being very pale, subhyaline. The ventro-lateral margin of the pleurite is pro- duced caudad into a long, slender chitinized rod which is directed toward the chitinized tooth described above. The dorsal gonapophyses (see Fig. 6, e) : are very long, slender, straight, lying parallel to one another and diverging only at the tips which are more chitinized. The guard of the penis (g) is very long, slender, extending about to the point of divergence of the dorsal gona- pophyses. The ventral gonapophyse (/) is rectangular with two short teeth at the tip. The whole organ is recurved cephalad and the tips lie against the flaring margin of the 9th sternite. Female, similar to the male but larger, the yellow color of the abdominal tergites not so apparent. Holotype, male, Alajtiela, C. R. ; alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 15, '09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Allotype, female, near Cartago, C. R. ; alt. 5,000 ft.; Dec. 15, '09; south slope of Irazu, over mud (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Paratypes, male, with the holotype in the author's collection. Female, Laguna near Cartago; Feb. 26, '10. Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, 122 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^-^n. Gonomyia rcciirvata differs from its nearest described relatives, amazona Alexander and pleuralis Williston in the male hypopygium, the two chitinized appendages to the pleurites, the extremely elongate and straight dorsal gonapophyses and the remarkable recurved ventral gonapophyse. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) calverti, new species. Puella group ; basal antennal segments tinged with brown ; male hypo- pygium without a recurved ventral hook ; ventral portion of the hypopygium with two rounded, flattened lobes each of which bear 8 or 9 chitinized teeth. Male, length, 3.4 mm. Male. — Rostrum and palpi brown ; the enlarged basal segments of the antennae brown, not orange, flagellum light brown. Mesonotal prsescutum very light grayish brown without distinct markings ; the pronotum, a narrow lateral margin to the praescutum and the median line of the scutellum yellowish ; scutum and postnotum light brown ; scutellum yel- low, more brown at the base. Pleurje without distinct stripes. Halteres light brown, the knob yellow. Legs, light yellowish brown, the individual segments scarcely darkened at tip. Wings subhyaline with iridescent reflexions, veins brown, stigma lacking. Abdomen light brownish yellow, the tergites rather darker than the stern- ites. Hypopygium having the pleural pieces (fig. 7) long, slender, slightly curved, clothed with sparse long hairs ; the tip is suddenly narrowed, more chitinized and ending in two long curved bristles. Ventrad of the pleurites is an enlarged cylindrical tube which is produced dorsally into a long obtuse point, and ventrally into two hand-like flattened organs armed with 8 or 9 chitinized teeth as shown in fig. 8, d ; these flattened organs are directed ventrad and entad. From inside this genital chamber, near the dorsal wall project two subchitinized elongate flattened appendages (c). Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R. ; alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 15, '09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. This species is similar to pitclla Williston in its pleural and wing patterns but the basal segments of the antennae are suffused with brown and the hypnpygium is very different from that shown in Williston's figure^ which shows a prominent recurved ventral hook. Tribe Timxopiiilini. Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart. Limnophila guttulatissima Alexander. One female from Cartago, C. R., along a ditch on Feb. 26, 1910. 1 Trans. Ent. See. Lond., 1896, pp. 288, 289, pi. to, fig. 60 a. June, 1914.] Alexander: Craneflies From Costa Rica. 123 Tribe Hexatomini. Genus ERIOCERA Macquart. Eriocera exquisita new species. Wings uniform dark brown ; color entirely reddish orange except the mesonotum which is dark brown ; no black on abdomen. Male, length, 11. 6-13 mm.; wing, 11. 5-12. 4 mm. Male. — Rostrum reddish brown ; palpi short, basal segment orange, tip brown ; first segment of the antennae orange, second segment light reddish brown ; flagellum dark brown ; head orange, the frontal tubercle small, scarcely notched in front. Pronotum light yellowish orange. Mesonotal praescutum dark chestnut brown on the sides, the middle line broadly paler, brightest, almost orange, in front, indistinctly divided by a median line ; scutum dark brown ; scutellum and postnotum yellowish orange. Pleurae light orange yellow. Halteres black. Legs, coxae yellow, trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings uniform dark brown, veins brown. Venation as in fig. 5. Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R. ; alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 9, '09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Paratypes, 2 males, with the type. Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.; one paratype in the author's collection. Subfamily TIPULIN^. Tribe Dolichopezini. Genus BRACHYPREMNA Osten Sacken. Brach3rpremna dispellens Walker. One male from Bonnefil farm, Rio Surubres, C. R. ; alt. 700 ft. ; Oct. 19, '09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Tribe Tipulini. Genus TIPULA Linnaeus. Tipula obliquefasciata Macquart. One female from Cachi, C. R. ; Mar. 8, '10. Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Explanation of Plate 2. Wing of Rhipidia (Coiiorhipidia) punctipennis n. sp. Wing of R. (Rhipidia) cosfalis Williston. Wing of Rhabdomastix {Rhabdomastix) septentrionalis n. sp. Wing of Molophilus orion n. sp. Wing of Eriocera exquisita n. sp. 124 Journal New York Entomological Society. I^'o'- >^-^ii- Fig. 6. Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) recnrvata n. sp. Ventral aspect ; a, pleural pieces ; b, dorsal apical appendage ; c, ventral apical append- age ; d, intermediate apical apendage ; e, dorsal gonapophyse ; /, ventral gona- pophyse ; g, penis-guard. Fig. 7. Hypopygium of G. (L.) calrerti n. sp. Dorsal aspect of the pleurite. Fig. 8. Same as last. Lateral aspect of the end of the abdomen, a, pleu- rites from the side; b, dorsal wall of the genital chamber; c, gonapophyse; d, ventral arms. Fig. 9. Hypopygium of Molophilus orion n. sp. Ventral aspect of the ventral apical appendage. Fig. 10. Thorax of Rhipidia (Coiorhipidia) punctipeunis n. sp. Lateral aspect showing the conspicuous dorsal protuberance. DESCRIPTIONS OF GALL MIDGES. By E. p. Felt, Albany N. Y. The following descriptions of species are mostly based upon a remarkable collection made by Mr. C. P. Alexander in Fulton County, N. Y. Mr. Alexander succeeded in taking both sexes of the striking Didactylomyia longimana Felt, the female being previously unknown, and also obtained a series of the peculiar Karschomyia vibiinii Felt, the female of which had not been recognized before. Colpodia americana new species. This species is described from a male taken by Mr. C. P. Alexander August 14, 1909, on the east shore of Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,550 feet. This form is related to C. trifolii Felt. It is larger in size, differs in coloration and exhibits a marked divergence in the structure of the genitalia. Male. — Length 1.2 mm. Antennse more than twice the length of the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish ; sixteen segments, the fifth with a stem twice the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter. Palpi ; first segment with a length about four times its diameter, the second as long as the first, stouter, the third a little longer than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum light brownish yellow. Scutellum and postscutellum whitish yel- low. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, the apex recurved dorsally. Haltercs and Jo urn. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXII. PL II. Costa Rican Tipulidae. June, :9i4.] FeLT : DESCRIPTIONS OF GaLL MiDGES. 125 coxffi pale yellowish, the legs light straw, except the somewhat lighter midtarsi and the nearly white posterior tarsi ; claws slender, evenly curved, simple, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout ; terminal clasp segment short, the basal three-fourths greatly swollen, subglo- bose, the distal fourth produced as a relatively slender spur ; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded and thickly setose ; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded, setose. Harpes slender, heavily chitinized, simple, the distal fourth curved at nearly a right angle. Type Cecid. 1478. Colpodia capitata new species. The peculiar male was taken August 19, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alex- ander at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,550 feet. This species is allied to C. carolincv Felt, though easily separated by the longer basal enlargement of the flagellate antennal segments and the peculiar genitalia. Male. — Length i mm. Antennae probably twice the length of the body, sparsely haired, light brown, presumably sixteen segments ; the fifth with a stem two and one-half times the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-fourth times its diameter. Palpi ; first segment with a length about five times its diameter, the second as long as the first, stouter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-fourth longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum and postscu- tellum yellowish. Abdomen light brownish yellow. Legs a nearly uniform light straw. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout ; terminal clasp seg- ment short, greatly dilated and irregularly and obliquely truncate apically ; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded and thickly setose ; ventral plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded. Harpes heavily chitinized, slender, irregularly furcate apically. A median organ, probably style, slender, heavily chitinized and apically apparently with a pair of heavy, curved clasping spurs. Type Cecid. 1480. Colpodia ovata new species. The male was taken by Mr. C. P. Alexander August 24, 1909, in a quarry at Woodsworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,540 feet. It is related to C. diervillcc Felt from which it is readily sep- arated by color characters and the length of the basal enlargement of the flagellate antennal segments. Male. — Length 1.75 mm. Antennae nearly twice the length of the body, rather thickly haired, light brown ; sixteen segments, the fifth with a stem nearly two and one-half times the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment reduced, with a length three times its diameter and tapering gradually to an obtuse apex. 126 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxii. Palpi ; second segment with a length about three times its diameter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth irregular and appar- ently twice the length of the third. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scu- tellum yellowish white, postscutellum yellowish orange. Abdomen dark yel- lowish brown, the margins lighter ; genitalia darker. Halteres whitish trans- parent, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae yellowish transparent, femora, tibiae and basal tarsal segment dark straw, the distal half of the third, the fourth and the fifth tarsal segments yellowish white. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, very broad, terminal clasp segment short, greatly swollen, subglobose and with a stout apical tooth ; dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes roundly truncate ; ventral plate indistinct. Harpes slender, heavily chitinized, decurved. Type Cecid. 1496. Colpodia porrecta new species. The midge was collected August 21, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alex- ander at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,570 feet. It is easily distinguished from other females by the unusually long stems of the flagellate antennal segments. Female. — Length 2.75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, 13 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about four times its diameter ; terminal segment reduced, with a length three times its diameter, at the distal third tapering to an acute apex. Palpi ; second segment with a length about three times its diameter the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the sub- median lines yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen brownish yellow. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae yellowish, femora, tibiae, the first tarsal segment and the base of the second fuscous straw, the remainder of the tarsi yellowish or yellowish white. Ovipositor short, the lobes biarticulate, the terminal segment broadly oval and thickly setose. Type Cecid. 1484. Colpodia sylvestris new species. The female described below was taken on a fern August 13, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alexander at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, the altitude being 1,550 feet. This species is allied to C. temeritatis Felt, though easily distinguished by its larger size and different coloration. Female. — Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, the basal three segments yellowish white, the others light brown ; twelve segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length four times its diameter ; terminal segment produced, with a length nearly six times its diameter. Palpi; first segment irregular, second with a length four times its diameter, the third as June, 1914-] Felt: Descriptions of Gall Midges. 127 long as the second, slightly stouter, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Thorax reddish yellow, the scutellum and abdomen mostly pale yellowish. Halteres, coxae and posterior femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish ; the an- terior and mid-femora, tibiae and tarsi fuscous straw, the posterior tarsi light straw. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobe narrowly oval, thickly and coarsely setose. Type Cecid. 1477. Didactylomyia longimana Felt. A single example of this striking male was first taken at Auburn- dale, Mass., August 16, 1906, by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Several speci- mens of both sexes were collected by Mr. C. P. Alexander in August, 1909, at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude about 1,500 feet. The female had not been recognized before. Female. — Length 1.6 mm. Antennas extending to the sixth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, yellowish basally, the distal two-thirds fuscous ; fif- teen subsessile segments, the fifth with a length fully three and one-half times its diameter, the distal segment produced, the basal enlargement with a length thrice its diameter and apically a moderately stout, fingerlike process. Palpi ; the first segment subquadrate, the second with a length three and one-half times its diameter, the third shorter than the second, slender, the fourth one- half longer than the third and somewhat dilated. Thorax mostly yellowish orange. Scutellum yellowish white. Abdomen yellowish orange. Wings and halteres distinctly tinged with yellow. Coxae yellowish, the anterior legs mostly fuscous, the posterior femora and tibiae yellowish, the posterior tarsi nearly black ; claws slender, strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, the lobes biarticulate, the terminal segment nar- rowly oval, coarsely setose. Described from a female captured with males. C. 1481. Asynapta apicalis new species. The male of this species was taken August 24, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alexander in a quarry at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks at an elevation of 1,540 feet. It is related to A. fiircafa Felt from which it is readily separated by the longer stems of the flagellate antennal segments and the peculiar genitalia. Male. — Length 2.75 mm. Antennae one-half longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown ; sixteen segments, the fifth with a stem two and one-half times the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter. Palpi ; first segment slender, with a length thrice its diameter, the second as long as the first, stouter, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender and the fourth one-half longer than the third, slightly capitate. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen mostly yellowish brown. Halteres and coxae yellowish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform light straw, except the two 128 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxn. distal tarsal segments which are whitish. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout; terminal clasp segment long, irregularly oval, the spur subapical ; dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded and thickly setose ; ventral plate short, deeply and narowly emarginate, the lobes slender, tapering, narrowly rounded. Harpes heavily chitinized, irregular and reflexed. Type Cecid. 1492. Asynapta mediana new species. This species is described from a male taken August 24, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alexander in a quarry at Woodworth's Lake in the Adiron- dacks, altitude 1,540 feet. It is allied to A. apicalis from which it may be readily separated by the longer basal enlargement of the antennal segments and the occurrence of the spur near the basal half of the terminal clasp segment. Male. — Length 2.5 mm. Antennre one-fourth longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown ; sixteen segments, the fifth with a stem two and one-half times the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter ; terminal segment produced, with a length about four times its diameter and tapering to a slender, irregular apex. Palpi ; first segment with a length about four times its diameter, the second as long as the first, stouter, the third a little longer than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third, strongly compressed. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum and post- scutellum yellowish. Abdomen fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Cox^e and femora basally pale yellowish, basal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi dark straw, except the two distal tarsal segments, which latter are yellowish white ; claws moderately stout, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout ; terminal clasp segment long, stout, narrowly oval, the spur near the basal half; dorsal plate long, deeply and broadly emarginate, the lobes obliquely truncate and sparsely setose; ventral plate indistinct. Harpes short, stout, recurved; the ventral margin finely dentate. Type Cecid. 1495. As3niapta umbra new species. The midge was collected by Mr. C. P. Alexander in Johnstown Cemetery, August 6, 1909. It is related to A. flavida Felt from which it may be easily separated by its darker color and particularly by the shorter,-thicker antennal segments. Male. — T-ength 1.5 mm. Antenna; nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown ; seventeen segments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length only one- fourth greater than its diameter and bears a very thick whorl of long, slender hairs ; terminal segment produced, with a length nearly three times its diameter and tapering slightly to a narrowly rounded apex. Palpi ; first segment irregular, second broad, with a length three times its diameter, the third a June, 1914.] Felt: Descriptions of Gall Midges. 129 little longer and more slender than the second, the fourth as long as the third, more slender. Mesonotum shining, very dark brown. Scutellum, and post- scutellum dark yellowish brown. Abdomen sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, the genitalia darker. Halteres whitish transparent. Coxse and legs a some- what variable whitish yellow ; claws stout, evenly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout ; terminal clasp segment very short, greatly swollen, irregularly oval ; dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded ; ventral plate shorter, triangularly emarginate, the lobes obliquely truncate. Harpes slender, chitinized, recurved. Type Cecid. 1499. Porricondyla setosa new species. This midge was taken August 21, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alexander in a bog swamp at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,570 feet. It is related to P. caudata Felt from which it is readily separated by color characters and especially by the shape of the terminal lobe of the ovipositor. Female. — Length 1.75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, light brown ; thirteen segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about four times its diameter ; terminal segment reduced, slender, fusiform, with a length about three times its diameter. Palpi ; first segment with a length four times its diameter, the second a little stouter, the third a little longer and more slender than the second, the fourth one-half longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum shining brownish black. Scutellum and postscutellum fus- cous yellowish. Abdomen rather thickly haired, dark brown. Halteres yellow- ish basally, fuscous apically. Coxas yellowish, femora, tibiae and tarsi fuscous straw, the fourth and the basal portion of the fifth tarsal segments white. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes lanceolate and thickly setose. Type Cecid. 1487. Janetiella parma new species. This yellowish midge was taken by Mr. C. P. Alexander. August 21, 1909, in a bog swamp at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,570 ft. It is easily separated from allied forms by the greatly produced antennal segments. Male. — Length i mm. Antennae probably twice the length of the body, light brown, presumably sixteen segments ; the fifth with a stem twice the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length three- fourths greater than its diameter. Palpi ; first segment irregular, with a length three times its diameter, the second as long as the first, stouter, the third one- half longer than the second, slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines yellowish orange. Scutellum, postscutellum and basal abdominal segments yellowish or yellowish orange, 130 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'*'- xxii. the distal abdominal segments rather thickly haired, yellowish brown, the genitalia nearly fuscous. Halteres whitish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and the base of femora yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi dark straw ; claws slender, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli half as long as the claws. Genitalia, basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment long, slender, tapering; dorsal plate shell-like, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, the emargination thickly setose ; style long, slender, narrowly rounded apically; other structures obscure. Type Cecid 1488. Toxomyia americana new species. This species is described from a small midge collected collected by Mr. C. P. Alexander, Atigtist 21, 1909, in a bog swamp at Wood- worth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,570 feet. It is easily separated from the two known West Indian species recorded as living upon fungi, by the longer basal portion of the stem of the fifth antennal segment of the male and its darker color. Male. — Length i mm. Antennae nearly twice the length of the body, thickly haired, light brown ; fourteen segments, the fifth having the stems with a length three and four and a half times their diameters, respectively; terminal segment produced, the basal portion of the stem with a length fully six times its diameter, the distal enlargement produced, irregular and with a long, stout, tapering process apically. Palpi ; first segment short, irregular, the second with a length four times its diameter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-fourth longer than the third, dilated. Mesonotum a variable reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen thickly haired, fuscous yellowish. Halteres, coxae and femora mostly fuscous yellowish, the tibiae and anterior and mid tarsi fuscous straw, the posterior tarsi lighter. Claws slender, strongly curved, the anterior unidentate, the pul- villi about half the length of the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment stout, with a longitudinal setose ridge near the middle ; terminal clasp segment mod- erately long, stout ; dorsal plate narrowly and uniformly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded, setose; ventral plate indistinct. Type Cecid. 1485. Bremia borealis new species. The midge was taken by i\Ir. C. P. Alexander, August 24, 1909, in a quarry at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,540 feet. It is easily distinguished from other species referable to this genus by the longer distal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment and the distinct subapical swelling of the terminal clasp segment. Male. — Length 1.3 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly haired, light brown ; fourteen segments, the fifth with the stems one and one- half and three and one-half times their diameters, respectively, the distal en- largement with a length one-half greater than its diameter. Palpi; first seg- ment subquadratc, the second irregular, with a length five times its diameter, June, 1914-] Felt: Descriptions of Gall Midges, 131 the third a little shorter than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen thickly haired, dark yellowish brown. Halteres and coxae pale yellowish, femora basally, the distal portion of femora, tibise and tarsi dark straw ; claws strongly curved, the anterior unidentate, the pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment stout, the terminal clasp segment long, swollen subapically ; dorsal plate broad, very broadly and roundly emarginate ; ventral plate long, slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1497. Bremia tristis new species. This species is described from a male taken by Mr. C. P. Alex- ander, August 10, 1909, in a stone quarry at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,500 feet. It is allied to B. podophyllce Felt from which it is most readily separated by the broadly and roundly emarginate dorsal plate. Male. — Length 1.2 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, sparsely haired, light brown ; fourteen segments, the fifth having the stems with a length three and four and a half times their diameters, respectively; terminal segment greatly produced, the basal portion of the stem with a length seven times its diameter, the distal enlargement irregular, narrowly pyriform and apically with a fingerlike process having a length six times its diameter. Palpi ; first segment subquadrate, the second with a length three times its diameter, the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines, scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen thickly haired, yellowish brown, darker apically. Genitalia yellowish. Halteres fuscous yellowish, fuscous apically. Coxae and femora basally yellowish white, the distal portion of femora light brown ; tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown ; claws moderately stout, strongly curved, the anterior unidentate, pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment long, tapering uniformly; dorsal plate short, broad, very broadly and roundly emarginate, the lateral margins obliquely truncate; ventral plate indistinct. Type Cecid. 1475. Bremia montana new species. This midge was taken by Mr. C. P. Alexander, July 21, 1909, on Impatiens at Mountain Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,590 feet. It is easily distinguished from other species of Bremia having the stems of the fifth antennal segment unequal, by the length of the basal portion. Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably one-half longer than the body, thickly haired, dark brown ; fourteen segments, the fifth having the stems with a length two and one-half and three and one-half times their diameters, re- spectively. Palpi ; the first segment quadrate, with a length about twice its diameter, the second a little longer, stouter, the third a little longer than the 132 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^^ii- second, more slender and the fourth slightly longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum and postscu- tellum pale yellowish. Abdomen mostly yellowish brown, the second and third segments fuscous; pleurae yellowish. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous api- cally. Coxae and femora basally yellowish, the distal portion of femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the tarsi mostly fuscous. Genitalia ; basal clasp seg- ment moderately stout ; terminal clasp segment long ; dorsal plate deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly and irregularly rounded ; ventral plate long, broad, slightly dilated and broadly rounded apically. Type Cccid. 1336. Thomasia californica new species. The female described and tentatively referred to this genus, was reared August 27, 1913, from galls on Symphoricarpos collected by Prof. E. Bethel at Lake Tahoe, California, the last of July. This is the first American representative of the genus to be found. Gall. — Length 1.5 cm., width i cm. This deformity consists of irregularly thickened, partly unfolded opposite leaflets, the swelling being confined mostly to the basal half of the midrib. The upper leaflets are usually affected and the central shoot arrested or destroyed as a result of the infestation. Female. — Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; fourteen segments, the fifth with a short stem, scarcely one-fifth the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment slightly produced and tapering shortly to an obtuse apex. Palpi; first segment irregular, subquadrate, the second with a length fully three times its diameter, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth as long as the third, somewhat dilated. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutcllum yellowish. Abdomen yellowish salmon. Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting with costa just before the apex of the wing. Halteres, coxae and femora pale yellowish ; tibiae and tarsi light straw ; claws rather slender, strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli about half the length of the claws. Ovipositor as long as the body, the lobes narrowly oval and with a few coarse setae. Type Cecid. a2438. Karschomyia viburni Felt. The striking male of this species, easily recognized by the trinodose antennae and the enlarged and peculiar genitalia, was taken in Wash- ington Park, Albany, N. Y., June i, 1906. Specimens have, sub- sequently been received through TMr. Owen Bryant from Greylock Mountain, Mass., and also from Mr. C. P. Alexander who captured specimens of both sexes in August, 1909, in a bog swamp at Wood- worth's Lake in the Adirondacks, altitude about 1.570 feet. Through his efforts we have been able to associate the female with the ojipositc sex. June, 1914-] Felt: Descriptions of Gall Midges. • 133 Female. — Length 2 mm. Antcnnc-e a little longer than the body, thickly haired, dark brown ; fourteen segments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about three and one-half times its diameter and presents slight indications of three con- strictions, especially in the basal flagellate segment, thus duplicating in a meas- ure, the three nodosities in the flagellate antennal segments of the male. Palpi; first segment irregularly oval, second broad, with a length about three times its diameter, the third one-third longer than the second, slender, the fourth about as long as the third, slightly dilated. Mesonotum fuscous brown. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen rather thickly haired, yellow- ish brown. Halteres and coxre pale yellowish ; legs otherwise a nearly uni- form straw ; claws stout, strongly curved, the anterior unidentate, the pulvilli about half the length of the claws. Ovipositor short, stout, with a length about one-fourth that of the abdomen, the terminal lobes tapering to a narrowly rounded, thickly setose apex. Near the posterior ventral angles of the dorsal sclerite there is a peculiar filamentous, circular, chitinous structure having a diameter about one-fifth the width of the basal portion of the ovipositor. Described from females taken in association with the male, agree- ing therewith structtirally and presenting a marked similarity in ap- pearance. Cecid 1490. Hormomyia saturni new species. The midge was taken August 24, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alexander in the Adirondacks, altitude 1,540 feet. It appears to be related to H. shawi Felt from which it is easily separated by the darker abdomen and the distinctly longer stems of the flagellate antennal segments. Male. — Length 3.5 mm. Antennae probably as long as the body, thickly haired, yellowish or yellowish brown ; probably fifteen segments, the fifth hav- ing the stems with a length one and one-half and two and one-half times their diameters, respectively, the circumfili being a little longer than in H. americana Felt. Palpi ; the first segment broadly oval, the second greatly produced, slender, with a length about ten times its diameter. Mesonotum a variable yellowish brown, the submedian lines lighter. Scutellum reddish yellow, post- scutellum a little darker. Abdomen a somewhat variable fuscous yellowish. Genitalia yellowish. Halteres yellowish transparent, the coxae, femora, tibiae and first tarsal segment pale yellowish, the other tarsal segments lost. Geni- talia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment rather short, stout, not swollen, dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly incised, the lobes nar- rowly rounded ; ventral plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate. Type Cecid. 1493. Itonida uliginosa new species. This yellowish midge was taken August 21, 1909, by Mr. C. P. Alexander in a bog swamp at Woodworth's Lake in the Adirondacks, 134 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxii. altitude 1,570 ft. It is allied to /. apocyni Felt and its related forms, from which it may be readily separated by the yellowish orange body and the structure of the genitalia. Male. — Length i mm. Antennse probably twice the length of the body, thickly haired, pale straw ; fourteen segments, the fifth having the stems with a length three and one-half and four and one-half times their diameters, respec- tively ; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third. Body a somewhat variable yellowish or yellowish orange, the terminal clasp segment of the genitalia apparently tipped with fuscous. Wings yellowish. Halteres, coxae and femora basally pale yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi mostly yellowish straw, the latter possibly indistinctly banded ; claws simple, the pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia; basal clasp segment moder- ately stout ; terminal clasp segment long ; dorsal plate moderately long, broad, triangularly emarginate, the lobes roundly truncate, the lateral angles being slightly produced and sparsely setose ; ventral plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes short, broad. Female. — Length 2 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, whitish basally, light brown apically ; stems whitish transparent, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-half times its diameter. Palpi ; the first segment with a length four times its diameter, the second a little longer, stouter, the third one-fourth longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Body a uniform yellowish or yellowish orange.. Wings, coxae, halteres and femora basally yellowish, the distal por- tion of femora, tibiae and tarsi light brownish. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes broadly oval and thickly setose. Both sexes were taken together and are probably cospecific. Type Cecid. i486. BIOLOGICAL NOTES CONCERNING DROSOPHILA AMPELOPHILA. By Frank E. Lutz, New York, N. Y. This little fruit-fly has been of unusual importance in the recent study of evolution, especially of that phase of the study which deals with inheritance. Not only have cases of simple Mcndelian char- acters been conveniently studied by its aid but more complex ones have been analyzed although some are not yet " explained." The work of Morgan and his pupils with it has demonstrated beyond a June, 19-14] LuTz: Drosophila Ampelophila. 135 doubt a relation between certain somatic characters and the sex chromosome. These " sex-linked " characters are not secondary sexual characters but it is probable that this fly may help us to an understanding of the latter since there seems to be a relation, possibly indirect, between the two.^ The species also offers an excellent opportunity to study those problems which we, curiously enough, term " biological." In nature it feeds on all sorts of fermenting material and has been reared even from human excrement. In the laboratory the most convenient and satisfactory food is over-ripe banana. It is difficult to say just how many eggs are laid by each female but the average is probably two or three hundred. Fig. 491 in Packard's (1898) Text Book of Ento- mology shows the pair of filaments with which the eggs are provided. In oviposition the end of the egg bearing these is the last to leave the oviduct and they protrude from the fermenting mass in which the egg is usually laid, probably serving a respiratory function. It sometimes happens that the egg hatches before it leaves the female. As this does not usually occur unless no suitable material in which to oviposit has been found it is improbable that any of the oviviviparous offspring ever reach maturity. The longest period at normal temperatures required for hatching that I have observed is about fifty hours. The average is probably less than thirty. Such observations are difficult to make with large numbers and I have combined the egg and the larval stages in most of my work. The larvae usually feed near the surface of the fermenting mass. I have reared the fly for several generations in a glass of stale beer. In this case the larvae were able to keep a position just under the surface film where it met the glass. The length of the larval period varies greatly according to temperature, food supply and other conditions. The accompanying table gives the result of an experi- ment involving about 4,000 flies fed on banana at a fairly constant temperature approximating 25° C. Pupation began four days after egg-laying and came on with a rush during the fifth and sixth days; then the number gradually dropped off until the four individuals which required eleven days. There is little or no sexual dift'erence, 1 Lutz, F. E., 1913, "Experiments Concerning the Sexual Difference in the Wing Length of Drosophila ampelophila," Journal of Experimental Zoology, XIV, pp. 267-273. 136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. that which was found being in favor of the males having a shorter egg-larval life than the females but the difference was well within the probable error. Table Showing the Number of Individuals Completing their Embryonic Periods in a Given Number of Days. Days. Egg-Larval. Pupal. 2 1 3 3 4 92 1,087 5 1.258 2,398 6 1,435 438 7 744 33 8 40s 9 9 91 6 10 14 o 11 4 2 In order to pupate the larvae crawl to the dryer portions of the food or even entirely out of it. If pupation occurs in the food the horns of the pupal case nevertheless protrude into the air. The table shows that at first the flies emerge in large numbers but that a few lag along taking more than twice the average time. A sexual difference is more pronounced in the pupal period than in the egg- larval. 7\mong 262 offspring of a single pair the average pupal period of the sisters at 25° C. was 5.0 days and that of the brothers 5.3 days. The sex ratio varies greatly in different families. Moenkaus^ found 'that among 26,933 individuals there were 1.126 females to each male, but in certain families it is occasionally two to one or even more. It does not change with the age of the parents. The details of the work done upon the modification and inheritance of the sex ratio are too tomplicatcd to be taken up here. The newly emerged adults expand their wings as they walk about. In a few minutes they are ready to fly. In this they are almost absolute slaves to light, going in the direction of its greatest intensity. 1 Moenkhaus, W. J., 191 1, "The Effects of Inbreeding and Selection on the Fertility, Vigor and Sex Ratio of Drosophila ampelophila," Journal of Morphology, XXII, pp. 123-154. June, 1914] LuTz: Drosophila Ampelophila. 137 However, acetic acid or fruit odors will overcome this reaction and they will go into dark places to get at their food. Payne^ has found that even after these flies had been reared in darkness for sixty-nine generations they still reacted to light with nearly normal vigor. The reaction is slow among newly emerged flies but soon becomes more rapid, reaching a maximum in about eighteen hours, and then very gradually sinks as the flies age. My experience also indicates that the females react about twice as quickly and definitely as the males. Moenkhaus, on the other hand, found the males to be slightly more responsive than the females. Possibly the fact that the tube in his apparatus was inclined at an angle of twenty-five degrees explains the difference since it introduces the reaction against gravity. Both males and females become sexually active the second day after emerging. There is usually a sort of courtship dance before mating in which the male or males go frdm side to side and around the female, flitting their wings and attempting to crawl on her back. Unless the female be an old one which has not recently mated this courting is usually kept up for from several minutes to an hour or more, the female preventing mating by curling the tip of her abdomen downwards and keeping her wings together. The duration of actual copulation is also variable. It averages about half an hour but may continue for an hour and a half. A vigorous male will mate re- peatedly during a single day and occasionally the same is true of the females. It seems to be necessary for the female to mate several times during a normal life or the late developed eggs will not be fertile. Apparently inbreeding is not detrimental. Castle and his co- workers- have found that, if it does reduce productiveness, fertility may be maintained nevertheless by selection. Sterility is not rare in wild material. Thus among twenty-five random matings of wild flies I found two to be sterile. Neither does inbreeding seem to be 1 Payne, F., 191 1, "Drosophila ampelophila Loew Bred in the Dark for Sixty-nine Generations," Biological Bulletin, XXI, pp. 297—301. 2 Castle, W. E., Carpenter, F. W., Clark, A. H., Mast, S. O., and Barrows, W. M., 1906, "The Effects of Inbreeding, Cross-breeding and Selection upon the fertility and variability of Drosophila," Proc. Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, XLI, pp. 731-786. 138 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxii. accompanied by degeneration of external parts even when accom- panied by disuse.^ The normal length of adult life, like all similar characters, is largely dependent upon environment. !Moenkhaus states that they kept females alive for 153 days but does not say what the conditions were. Among 267 females which I kept well supplied with food at room temperatures but isolated from males, only one lived to be 80 days old. The average age at death was 26.4 days. The longest lived, unmated male under the same conditions died in 90 days, the average being 32.8 days. Another series of unmated flies (116 males and 124 females) were kept at a relatively constant temparature of 20° C. and furnished water but no food. Three females and one male lived 96 hours. The average age at death was 68.6 hours for the females and 66.4 for the males. In another series in which the conditions were the same except that the temperature was five degrees higher, the females with- stood starvation for only 60.7 hours, on the average, and the males 55.6 hours. In still another series the temperature was 20° C. but. in addition to withholding food, no water was supplied except that evaporating from their own bodies. The average females lived 56 hours and the average males 53.5 hours. It is difficult to say why the females can withstand starvation better than the males but have a shorter natural life, at least when unmated. The materials which kept these starved individuals alive were all laid up by the feeding larv?e for no food was supplied after the fly emerged and, of course, the pupse did not feed. I was surprised, therefore, to find that those which were better able to withstand starvation in the adult stage had had a shorter larval period, and fed for a shorter time, than the others. The data for this are still being worked up and will be published later but the explanation probably is that the physiologically strong larvae were able to complete their larval history quickly and gave rise to physiologically strong adults. 1 Lutz, F. E., 191 1, "Experiments with Drosopliila ampelopliila Concerning Evolution," Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 143. June, 1914-] LeNG: NoTES ON SCAPHINOTUS. 139 NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF SCAPHINOTUS DEJEAN INHABITING NORTHEASTERN AMERICA WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. By Charles W. Leng, West New Brighton, New York. The tendency of the barrier created by the Allegheny Mountains to separate distinct though closely related species in the tribe Cychrini has already been exemplified in the final separation of Cychnis gcrmari and andrczusi by Roeschke, and Cychrns indiaiicv and stenos- tomus by Blatchley; a further example of the influence of the same barrier will be found in the variations of Scaphinotns elevatiis, and in the necessity of separating the eastern and western races of the species heretofore known as Cychnis or Scaphinotns nnicolor. Scaphinotus was founded by Dejean for Cychrns elevatns and nnicolor and contains those species in which the hind angles of the thorax are so dilated as to project over the base of the elytra. Authors have not agreed as to its standing and in our Check List, based upon Dr. Geo. H. Horn's review of the genus/ it is treated as a synonym, but in Dr. Roeschke's paper- the latest and most complete study, embracing the Cychrini of the world, it receives recognition. The specific names that have been proposed, arranged chrono- logically, are as follows : elevatus Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Ins., I, p. 198. nnicolor Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Ins., I, p. 198. heros Harris, 1839, Bost. Journ., II, p. 196. flammeus Haldeman, 1844, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, p. 54. dilatatus Leconte, 1853, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, X, p. 398. tcnchricosns Roeschke, 1907, Mon. p. 141. besides a number of names for species occurring in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona that are not within the scope of the present paper. Of the eastern species 5". elevatns is by far the best known and the most widely distributed. It is distinguished by its size, 15-23 1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, 1878. 2 " Monographic des Carabiden-Tribus Cychrini," Annales Musci Nation- alis Hungarici, 1907. 140 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'o^- >^xii. mm., by the slight flattening of the disk of the elytra, the presence of the seta of the posterior coxa, and by the first joint of the male anterior tarsi being spongy pubescent over at least half its under surface. The range of 5". clcvatiis is greatly extended, from Massachusetts to Florida on the Atlantic coast and inland to Missouri and Nebraska, but it varies in many respects and has been subdivided into several subspecies. In the northern Atlantic states one finds the typical elevatus with moderately elevated thoracic margins and cupreous elytra; along the coast, especially from Virginia southward, one finds darker colored specimens in which the margins of the thorax are more reflexed and approximated, making the insect look narrower. An extreme example of this tendency was taken by Mr. Geo. P. Engel- hardt in the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. The name unicolor was formerly applied to this dark narrow form, but erroneously, and Dr. Roeschke has called it tcnchricosus'^ defining the subspecies as follows: " Completely black or with feeble violet tinge ; narrow, compressed form; sides of thorax very broad and greatly elevated with very sharp hind angles, or even pointed wings, which project far over the elytra; disk of thorax dull, simply granulate, not or scarcely punctured." It will be seen that most of the darker specimens approach rather than comply completely with this definition. Across the Allegheny Mts., 5". clcvattis varies similarly in color, but whatever the color, the variation in form takes an opposite direc- tion, the hind angles being flattened down and broader, the whole insect shorter, broader and flatter. The first name applied to this form was flammeus by Haldeman, the type coming from Marietta, Ohio, on the Ohio River, and opposite West Virginia. The descrip- tion is short " Elytra pale brilliant violet, distinguished from elevatus by the wider prothorax and elytra and lighter color; profile flatter above when viewed laterally." The color described is unusual and led Dr. Leconte to redescribe the more usual form from the western states. The actual description appeared in 1848- under the name flammctis and dilatafus was substituted in 1853^ when Dr. Leconte discovered that his insect and Haldeman's were not identical. The 1 Mon., p. 141. 2 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IV, p. 440. 3 Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, X, p. 398. June, 1914.] LeNG: NoTES ON SCAPHINOTUS. 141 type locality for dilatatus is St. Louis, Mo., and the long description calls for a dark violet insect with coppery elytra, much wider than clcvatus with the sides of thorax less elevated, exactly as shown in a number of specimens taken by Mr. H. G. Barber at Langdon, Mo. Dr. Roeschke treats dilatatus as a synonymn of flammeus but it would be more cognizant of the described color of the elytra to con- sider it a variety. Whether it be called simply flammeus or flammeus var. dilatatus, it will be seen that the form occurring west of the Allegheny Mts. differs sufficiently from that occurring east of the mountains to have required a name in the opinion of Haldeman, Leconte and Roeschke. Coming now to the other species 6". unicolor of which Iieros has been treated as a synonym, it is singular that though it also occurs on both sides of the Alleghenies, no such differentiation has hitherto been made. It differs from clcvatus by its size (25-30 mm.), by the continuously arched elytra, the curve reaching from margin to margin without any flattening of the disk, by the seta of the posterior coxa being absent, and the first joint of the anterior male tarsi spongy pubescent at the tip only. These characters separate unicolor and its subspecies from elevatiis and its subspecies ; but, in addition it, like elevatu^, possesses characters which vary, and these variations are similarly correlated with its distribution. The greatest difficulty has long been that the sinuation of the lateral margin of the elytra a little behind the middle, first pointed out by Louis H. Joutel as the most obvious difference between this species and elevatiis, and plainly evident in all the specimens I had seen, was not shown in the figure of unicolor or mentioned in the descriptions. Moreover, if one were willing to accept heros Harris as a synonym of unicolor, this difficulty became increased for the very careful description of Dr. Harris and the figure of heros given by Leconte in 1853^ also failed to indicate this sinuation. During the lifetime of the late Frederick Blanchard, I took this point up by correspondence with him and he examined the Leconte collection and his own and wrote me " the lateral sinuation of the elytra is feeble or quite obsolete in most specimens." Either the species was variable in this respect or my observation and that of Joutel and others was at fault; or our eastern specimens were neither heros nor unicolor. 1 Journ. Ac, IV, pi. 4, fig. 13. 142 Journal New York Entomological Society, ^'o^- >^xn. Lately this difficulty has been dispersed by a comparison of the localities for the specimens which lack the lateral sinuation of the elytra, viz. : Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, all west of the Allegheny Mts., with the type locality for hcros given by Dr. Harris, " Ohio and Indiana," for it became plain that the specimens from the west, that are without the lateral sinuation, were the true licros and differed specifically from those from Washington, D. C, in which the lateral sinuation of the elytra is always well developed. Showing the material to Mr. Wm, T. Davis, he at once detected a further ditTer- ence in the form of the thorax so I propose to add one more name to our list, dedicating it to the collector who has taken and distributed the largest number, by calling it Sccipliiiiotiis shocmakcri new sub- species. This sub-species resembles 6". hcros but differs especially in the greater a])i)roximation of the hind angles of the thorax which are separated in hcros by 7 mm. making the sides of the thorax nearly parallel, while in shocmakcri the much higher and more reflexed hind angles approach each other within 5 mm., making the sides of the thorax somewhat convergent; as well as in the lateral sinuation of June, 1914-] LeNG: NoTES ON SCAPHINOTUS. 143 the elytral margin mentioned above The complete description is as follows : Scaphinotus shoemaker! new subspecies. Black, with a dark violet shade, elytra violet ; ovate, margin of thorax strongly reflexed, hind angles extending over the elytra, disk in part coarsely punctured ; elytra with punctured striae, humeral angles rounded, with the margin elevated, lateral margin becoming gradually less elevated towards apex, interrupted behind the middle by a shallow emargination, as if to make a recess for hind femora. Head black, rim punctured, feebly wrinkled behind the eyes with an acute carina, strongly elevated at base of antennae ; thorax black, tinged with violet, coarsely punctured at apex, base and in the angles formed by the reflexed margins, which are strongly elevated so that the hind angles are separated by but five millimeters, while the thorax at its widest portion measures eight millimeters ; the edge is only moderately thickened ; elytra ovate, short, slightly but continuously convex, violet, deeply striate, the 15 or 16 stride strongly punctured, towards tip and behind the subapical um- bone the striae become obsolete and the punctuation confused ; the lateral margin is strongly elevated at humeri and gradually descends in height, becom- ing almost obsolete at apex ; a little behind the middle it is interrupted by a sinuation. Beneath black, the inflexed portion of elytra coarsely punctate, the body beneath feebly punctulate, thorax and abdomen impunctate. Male. — Tip of first tarsal joint, and all second, third and fourth joints spongy pubescent beneath ; last ventral segment transversely concave, feebly wrinkled and with three setigerous punctures on each side of apex. Length, 25-30 mm. Width, 13-15 mm. This subspecies probably inhabits many suitable locahties east of the Allegheny Mts, The type and about fifty more specimens 1 have seen come from Washington, D. C, and its vicinity in Virginia and Maryland collected by Mr. Shoemaker and Mr. Davis. Mr, Shoe- maker tells me the largest number were taken in Virginia under stones, logs and leaves or in bait bottles along the Potomac River above the free bridge, along the path or beside it and especially under stones about a spring. The path passes through dense woods near the foot of a steep hill. Fewer were taken in Maryland, along the bank of the stream above the Cabin John Bridge, and a few have also been taken along Rock Creek and in Rock Creek Park in the District of Columbia. The localities are all heavily wooded and abounding in snails. The dates of capture are principally September but specimens have also been found in June and August. The figure has been drawn from the male by Ernest Shoemaker; it represents the insect twice life size and the underside of the anterior tarsus still more enlarged as well as the posterior coxa. 144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^"°'- ^-^H- As to the synonymy of 5*. nnicolor Fab. and S. hcros Harris, first announced by Dr. Leconte, a few words may be added. The type of nnicolor is said to be in Glasgow, where it was last examined by Schaum,^ who endorsed Dr. Leconte's opinion that the two were synonymous, but only states that nnicolor is a splendid big Scaphi- notns. Olivier figures- nnicolor, the figure representing, according to Roeschke, a female of 29 mm. length, which in respect of size agrees with heros. This figure also agrees w'ith hcros in the form of the thorax and in the absence of lateral sinuation of elytral margin; but heros being apparently confined to the region west of the Allegheny Mts., one cannot accept the synonymy of nnicolor and hcros without assuming that the Fabrician type came in 1787 from a region then populated by Indians and scarcely ever visited by white men. It seems more probable that the type of nnicolor came from the Southern Atlantic states, whence most of the early American material was sent to Europe. For a time the name nnicolor was used for the large dark variety of clevatns found in the southern states, and a reexami- nation of the type may revive that view, which Avas indeed first sug- gested by Fabricius himself. The weight of authority, however, Schaum, Leconte, Roeschke, and the measurement indicated by Olivier's figure, support the accepted synonymy; and since shoc- makcri cannot be reconciled with the description and figure and hcros comes from too improbable a locality I prefer to cite nnicolor as the species and shocmakcri and hcros as subspecies, separated structurally and geographically as stated. The status of nnicolor must, in spite of the authorities, remain doubtful until the type can be reexamined and compared with shocmakcri; but in any event the name hcros, proposed by Dr. Harris for the Ohio and Indiana form, must be revived as a species, if nnicolor proves to be a race of elevatus, or as a subspecies if the type of nnicolor proves to be possessed of the characters ascribed to that species. 1 Stctt, Ent. Zig., 1S48. p. 335. 2 Ent., Ill, No. 35, pi. 6, fig. (>2. June, 1914.] Lloyd: Lepidopterous Larv^ in Rapid Streams. 145 LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV^ FROM RAPID STREAMS.^ By J. T. Lloyd, Ithaca, N. Y. The aquatic lepidopterous larvae hitherto known are all inhabitants of quiet waters, — lakes, ponds or pools. Herewith are described three species of Elophila inhabiting swift waters, one species from N. Y. state and two from Colombia, S. A. Li several ways they are unique. They are found in very swift flowing water where one finds the larvae of net-spinning caddis-flies and the nymphs of stone-flies and may-flies. Here they live beneath sheets of silk spun over exposed surfaces of current-swept rocks. In structure their unbranched, filamentous gills, and expanded, fan-like setee of the labrum and labial palpae will distinguish these larvae from any other described species. Their pupae, unlike other lepidopterous pupae known to us, are completely submerged. The life history and description of the larvae and pupae are given more in detail on the following pages. Elophila fulicalis Clemens. Habitat. — During the summer of 191 1 larvae of this species were found in Fall creek, about one mile east of the Cornell campus. At the place where they occur most abundantly the creek is very swift, flowing over a rough bottom of loose rocks. The depth at low water varies from less than an inch to more than two feet. During the spring freshets both depth and width are very greatly increased and the stream becomes a roaring torrent. The larvae also occur, though in less abundance, in the swift water on the flat rock floor a short distance above and below the locality described. The bottom of the creek is deeply coated with diatomaceous ooze intermixed with a deposit of silt. This ooze is present on the upper and absent from the under surfaces of the rocks. Cascadilla Creek, less than a mile distant from Fall Creek, is slightly smaller especially during the dry season. In other respects the two are very similar. In view of the fact that this larva inhabits only a limited area in Fall Creek and is absent in similar localities in 1 Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of Entomology in Cornell University. 146 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^^ii- Cascadilla Creek it seems evident that its distribution is extremely local. Larval Habits. — During the spring and early summer of 1913 search was again made for the larvae but none were found until July 20. The cases found at this time were entirely different from those taken from the same locality in August, 1913. It was later discovered that the 1911 larvae were in pupa cases. The larval cover, pi. 2, fig. 4, is a thin, flexible sheet of silk, irregular in outline and closely cemented to its support throughout the greater extent of its margin. At two or three places it is not attached, these openings allowing free circulation of water. The size of the silk sheets, pi. 2, fig. 4, when first found varied from one half inch to more than two inches in length and were about one fourth inch in width. Some were simple, others showed irregu- lar branches. On July 26 some sheets were five inches long and more than an inch wide. On the latter date two pupal cases, the first of the season, were found. These contained larvae which had not started their inner cocoons. On July 30 larvre were still more com- mon than pupre but by the 5th of August almost all had pupated. It is probable that there are two broods in a single season for in the bottles containing pupre and pupal cases were discovered several small larvae of the same species which ranged from 3 to 6 mm. in length. These larvae were not seen when collected, but probably were picked up with tlie pupal cases. Additional evidence of an earlier brood was given by the occurrence of several adults among the insects caught in a traplantern in June. Food of the Larvae. — The organic contents of the stomachs con- sisted entirely of algjc. Most abundant were Sccncdcsmus and frag- ments of filamentous Chlorophyceae; diatoms and Pcdiastrum were also found, as well as a large amount of silt. It is surprising to note that in the stomachs the green algae were in greater abundance than the diatoms, although in the ooze which surrounded the larvae diatoms greatly outnumbered the green algae. Pupal Habits. — Shortly before the time of pupation the silk sheets are removed and a cover of an entirely different nature is formed. This removal of the silk sheets leaves clean scars on the rocks, pi. 2, fig. 5, which in color, contrast strongly with the surrounding diatom- aceous coating. Within these scars, sometimes in the center, some- June, 1914-] Lloyd: Lepidopterous Larv^ in Rapid Streams. 147 times on the edge, the pupal cases are located. The cases, pi. 2, figs. 5, 6, are oval in shape, about three quarters of an inch long and half an inch wide and are elevated about one tenth of an inch above their support. Their roofs are flat and are supported by perpendicular side walls which are perforated at each end by six or more clean-cut holes to permit free circulation of water. The inner pupal case consists of a sheet -of loose-spun silk. Radiating threads attach the cocoon to the roof but, as in the case of the larval sheets, there is no silk floor over the surface of the rocks. The pupal cases, unlike the larval sheets, are spun of thick inflexible layers of silk and, also unlike the larval sheets, become thickly coated with diatomaceous ooze. Period of Emergence. — The first adults were seen August tenth. By August seventeenth they had reached their maximum numbers, fairly swarming as one walked through the vegetation along the water edge, but seldom occurring more than a few yards from the stream. By August twenty-eighth no adults could be found. Description of Larva and Pupa. Larva.- — The length of mature larva, PI. Ill, fig. i, is ten to eleven mm., its form is depressed tapering gradually from its head to the end of its tenth abdominal segment. Its color is dark straw-brown. The unbranched, hairlike tracheal gills form a double row along each side of the thorax and abdomen. The upper line of gills is plainly suprastigmatal in position and the lower line is infrastigmatal. The arrangement and distribution of the gills makes it impractable to apply the other terms, anterior- and posterior-stigmatal, used by Forbes in " The Aquatic Caterpillars of Lake Quinsigamond," Psyche, December, 1910. Head. — Almost circular in outline, heavily chitinized, its diameter at least as great as any segment of the body. A narrow, heavily chitinized band, PL III, fig. 4, along the posterior side of the frons forming a conspicuous dark brown V shaped mark. A similar band borders the hind margin of each epicraniuni. The middle pair of setse on each lobe of the labrum, PI. Ill, Fig. 2, are modified into thin, transparent, fan-like plates with irregular margins at the distal, or broad, end of the fans. Their bases are heavily chitinized, circular in outline and resembling the bases of ordinary setje. They arise 148 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- >^>^ii- from setigerous punctures. The terminal setse of the labial palpae are dialatcd, PI. Ill, figs. 3 and 5. The arrangement of setigerous punctures on the labrum is shown in PI. Ill, fig. 2; on the head in PI. Ill, figs. 3 and 4. Thorax. — First thoracic segment heavily chitinized and without gills. Second and third segments thinly chitinized and witli a single group of from two to five unbranched gills above each leg. The dis- tribution of set?e on the dorsum is shown in fig. i, PI. IV. On the ventral side there are numerous small setse, which are especially abundant on the legs. Abdomen. — The first eight abdominal segments have filamentous, unbranched gills distributed in two rows, supra- and infra-stigmatal in position. The supra-stigmatal gills occur in groups of from two to four near the cephalic border of the segment. Variation in the num- ber of these gills occurs in different individuals, and even on the two sides of the same segment of the same individual. A single supra- stigmatal gill may be present near the caudal margin of any abdom- inal segment. This gill, when present on one side, may be absent from the other side of the same segment. The infra-stigmatal gills are arranged in a single, nearly straight row, along each side of the first nine abdominal segments. From three to five of these gills occur on each segment, arising from lateral folds of the body wall. On one specimen in my possession a single dorsal gill is present near the caudal border of the ninth abdominal segment, midway between the mid-dorsal line and the lateral margin. The tenth abdominal segment is without gills and is roundly bilobed at its caudal extremity. On abdominal segments three to six, inclusive, there are oval prolegs, each ending in a terminal ring of about thirty-two hooks. Long and short hooks alternate on these circles. On the last abdominal seg- ment the prolegs are more oval in outline than on the preceding segments and the hooks, about fifteen in number, are arranged in a single line with their bases pointing cephalad, instead of forming a circle as on the other segments. Young Larvae. — The young larv.-c have noticeably fewer gills than old larvae. The smallest specimen in my possession (length 3 mm.) has as many as four infrastigmatal gills on only one side of one seg- ment. Other clusters of infrastigmatals are composed of three or two gills. The superstigmatals also average fewer than on the mature June, 1914-] Lloyd: Lepidopteroul Larv^ in Rapid Streams. 149 larvae, two being not an uncommon number for a cluster. Other- wise the young larvae agree in structure with the mature larvae. Pupa. — Pi. Ill, figs. 6 and 7. Length 6 to 7 mm., breadth 2 mm. Color of alcoholic specimens, head and thorax dark brown above, appendages lighter, except caudal margin of wing-pads, which are dark. Abdominal segments dark brown above ringed with cream color at the edges of segments, sides and venter of abdomen cream color. Anal anchor dark brown, almost black. Third and fourth abdominal segments with large tubular spiracles surrounded by a light area which is encircled by a narrow chitinous band. Vestigial spiracles are visible on abdominal segments 5 to 9, inclusive. Vestigial prolegs are on abdominal segments 6 and 7. The strongly chitinized abdominal anchor measures one mm. from tip to tip. The positions of setae are shown in PL III, figs. 6 and 7. Two Allied Species from Colombia, South America. Besides the species, Elophila fulicalis, from New York State two species of lepidopterous larvae were taken from a swift stream in Colombia, South America. These larvae are so similar to the one previously described that a brief description is included here. Species A^ the smaller of the two, measures six mm. in length and a half mm. in breadth. Its form, unlike the other species which is greatly depressed, is almost cylindrical. In color the alcoholic speci- men is uniformly dark brown, except the gills which are slightly lighter, some gills being encircled near the middle by a single band of black. They are arranged in supra- and infra-stigmatal series as in Elophila ftdicalis and, as in that species, are not alike in number on the two sides. Also unlike E. fulicalis the gills of both the supra- and infra-stigmatal series are arranged in anterior and posterior groups, but these groups may vary in number on the two sides of the same individual or may be entirely wanting. The first thoracic seg- ment bears no gills, the second and third thoracic segments bear supra and unlike fulicalis, infra-stigmatal gills. This larva has a group of five dorsal gills on the posterior border of the ninth ab- dominal segment midway between the lateral line and the lateral margin PI. Ill, fig. 10. The head in form is much more rounded than E. fulicalis. The labrum is shown in PI. 2, fig. 7. Four setae on each side are broad- 150 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^o'- xxn- ened at their distal ends and two setae are pointed, but these latter, like all setre of the head, are flat. A small area on the tip of each lobe is covered with fine, short hair. The mandibles, PI. IV, fig. 8, are short, heavily chitinized and not deeply notched. The frons is glabrous and without pattern. Its two middle setre are nearer to each other than to the lateral setae. The thorax has the first segment heavily chitinized, with a well marked dorsal suture along the median line. A row of five setae is visible from above on each side of this segment. The second and third segments are not heavily chitinized. Each of them has a single dorsal seta in front of the gills and nearer the median line. On the ventral side each thoracic segment bears a strong seta outside of each coxa. The abdomen has circular prolegs on segments three to six in- clusive and oval prolegs bearing a single line of hooks on the last segment, as in E. fiilicalis. On the dorsal side there is a single seta back of each group of anterior stigmatal gills, and on the ninth seg- ment a crescentic line of six setae. On the caudal border of the last segment there are four strong setae, PI. IV, fig. lo. Only one specimen of this species was found. Species B, the larger South American larva, measures fifteen mm. in length and three mm. in breadth. Its form is more depressed than the small South American species but less flattened than E. fulicalis In color it is uniform brown with lighter gills. Its gills follow the same general arrangement as the preceding species. The infra- stigmatal gills are not present on the second and third thoracic seg- ments. On the abdomen they form a continuous line on each seg- ment, rather than forming groups, as in the other Colombian species. The supra-stigmatals are absent from the first thoracic segment, but present on all other segments, except the last abdominal. The gills are more numerous than on either of the two preceding species, as many as eighteen being present on one side of some segments. In number they vary greatly. The head is more flattened than the head of the other South American species. The frons and adfrontals are glabrous and have a color pattern of minute dark hexagons. Other parts of the head arc glabrous and without pattern. The labrum has three setas on each lobe flattened and expanded at their distal ends. The distribution of June, 1914-] Lloyd: Lepidopterous Larv.e in Rapid Streams. 151 hair and set?e is shown in PI. IV, fig. 2. The four setcX of the frons are equidistant from each other and the end punctures are the same distance from the margin as from each other. The thorax has the first segment heavily chitinized and has two lateral humps corresponding in position to the supra- and infra- stigmatal gills of the following segments. Each of these humps is tipped by a strong seta. These set?e and about five others on each side complete a line across the dorsum. Two other punctures are present behind this line of set?e, the more caudal one being the farther from the median line. On the ventral side of the thorax there are numerous small setse, especially abundant on the legs. The abdomen is widest at about its third segment and from there tapers gradually to the tip. Prolegs are borne on the third to sixth abdominal segments and on the tenth. Those of the tenth segment are well developed, point caudad and are plainly visible from above, PI. IV, fig. 3. A few small setas are present among the supra-stigmatal gills. Other well developed setae on the dorsal side are represented in PI. IV, fig. 3. On the ventral side there is a line of four setae across the ninth segment and several small setae are present at the base of each proleg. Five specimens of this species were taken. The pupa of this species is much like that of E. fulicalis, the most noticeable difference being the presence of two wart-like prominences bearing strong setae on the cephalic margin of the head. The setae on the abdomen are longer and stronger and the caudal anchor has a longer shank. Also the appendages are longer in proportion to the total length of the body. The cast larval skins found in the cases with these pupae furnished sufficient characters for identification. Both species of South American larvae were found in a swift Andean stream that flows into the Cauca River about half way be- tween the cities of Cali and Popayan. They were collected on the 19th of February. At that time the larvce collected were taken from the cases represented in PI. IV, figure i. Since many pupae and one empty pupal skin were found it is evident that the images were then emerging, but larval cases may have been present and overlooked, for at that time we were not familiar with these sheets. The pupal cases PI. IV, fig. I, are similar to those found in Fall Creek but have more flaring edges and the perforations, which are farther from the edge, 152 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^' °'- xxn. form a complete oval on the top rather than on the side of the case. These perforations are more symmetrical than those of E. fulicalis. Explanation of Plates. Plate III. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 2. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8, Fig. 9 Fig. 10. Elophila fulicalis, larva. Elophila fulicalis, larva, labrum. Elophila fulicalis, larva, maxilla and labium in part. Elophila fulicalis, larva, head, dorsum. Elophila fulicalis, larva, labial palpus. Elophila fulicalis, pupa, ventral. Elophila fulicalis, pupa, lateral. Plate IV. Pupal case of Elophila sp. B. Labrum of Elophila sp. B. Abdomen of Elophila sp. B, dorsum. Larval sheet of Elophila fulicalis. Pupal case and outline of larval sheet of Elophila fulicalis. Pupal case of Elophila fulicalis. Labrum of Elophila sp. A. Mandible of Elophila sp. A. Mandible of Elophila sp. B. Abdomen of Elophila sp. A, dorsum. ERYCINID^ AND LYCffiNID^ FROM THE ISLAND OF TRINIDAD. By William Phillips Comstock, Newark, N. J. My attention was first attracted to this subject on receiving a small consignment of butterflies from the island, all caught in one day by H. S. Parish. He says of the collecting: "Trinidad lies about i6 miles from Venezuela eastward and is just above the loth degree of latitude. Its average length is about 48 miles and breadth 35 miles. The largest town and principal port is Port of Spain. Being so near Venezuela it is a very productive place for the naturalist. I arrived just when the sun was rising, and Jourfi. A\ Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXII. PL III. Aquatic lepidopterous larva. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXII. PL IV. Aquatic lepidopterous larva. June, 1914] Comstock: Trinidad Erycinid^ and Lyc.enid.e. 153 no place I have visited can be compared with it for beauty of land- scape. The steamships have to anchor out about 2 miles because the bay is so shallow that they cannot come close to shore. We went ashore in a small steamer and the first thing I did was to catch a tram car and proceed to the Botanical Gardens as I had only about 4^ hours to stop there. The sky became overcast shortly before we left the ship and it started to rain ; one of those tropical rains and so heavy w'as it that you could not see a dozen yards in front of you. But it cleared off about 10:30 A. M. Then ilet in hand and cyanide bottles, collecting box, etc., over my shoulder, I was ready for work. " The first thing that drew my attention was the number of Lycsenidae that were flying about everywhere. They were mostly of one kind (probably Lyccrna cassiiis, Cramer), but after I went further into woods or forest, for it is practically a forest, one could see butter- flies and skippers of almost every color flitting about. Some were flying about flowers while others have the peculiar habit of lighting underneath the leaf: almost all of the Erycinidje having this habit. 1 had been in British Guiana, South America, and away back at a place called Mallali, 175 miles back from Georgetown, and I never saw- butterflies there in such numbers as I saw them in Trinidad consider- ing the short time I had to stay. " My time was getting short, but pushing on I noticed a clearing wdiich I thought I would take in. Here I found 15 or 20 different species or varieties, and while I was placing my captures in envelopes I just happened to look at my watch and found that I had just three- quarters of an hour to get down to the wharf and get out to the Dutch mail boat which sailed shortly afterwards." This is the list caught on May 5, 1913. ERYCINIDiE. Limnas jarbas Fabr i pair. Charis nilus Felder 3 males. Nymphidium molpe Hubner i female. Theope herta G. & S i female. LYCiENIDJE. Thecla palegon Cramer i male. Thecla crolus Cramer i female. Thecla celmus Cramer i female. Thecla beon Cramer i pair. 154 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- >^xii- Thecla sp. in beon group, politus, H. H. Druce ? i male. Thecla sp.? in beon group i male. Thecla sp.? in beon group i male. Thecla azia Hcwitson lo specimens. Thecla salona Hewitson i male. Lycaena cassius Cramer 9 males, 5 females. Lycaena hanno Stoll 3 males, 2 females. The capture of 15 species of Erycinidae and Lycsenidae in a day would lead one to suppose that these families might be numerous in species in the island, and that such is the case is shown by the paper by Mr. William J. Kaye, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for 1904 where there is presented a catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera of Trinidad, listing forty-three species of Erycinidse and thirty-six species of Lycsenidse with the descriptions of several new species and the erection of some new genera. T. azia Hew. and T. salona Hew. are new to his list and may be some of the doubtful species in the beon group. In his book " Butterfly collecting in many Lands," Mr. G. B. Longstaff described a collecting expedition on the Island of Trinidad and added two species to the list, T. spiirius Felder and T. synccUus Cramer. Being so close to the mainland of South America, it is natural of course to expect a large number of species and it is prob- able that additional species will continually come into the list. SOME DRAGONFLIES OF A CONNECTICUT BROOK.^ By Lewis B. Woodruff, New York, N. Y. With the western boundary of Connecticut constituting the south- eastern boundary of New York, any matter relating to the fauna! status just across the line should be of peculiar interest to members of this Society; and where that fauna includes creatures unfamiliar to most of us, and concerning which but little has been published. no apology would seem to be required for calling your attention to a few of them. 1 Read before the New York Entomological Society. June, I9-I4-] WoODRUFF : DrAGONFLIES OF A CONNECTICUT BrOOK. 155 For these reasons I shall present a few brief notes of an after- noon's observations on a little brook at Litchfield made on the last day of June, 19 13. This town is situated in the northwestern corner of the state, in the so-called Berkshire Hills region, with a fauna and flora decidedly Alleghanian ; but now and again indications are met of a southward extension of the Canadian. Especially is this true as respects the plant life and the birds, to which more particular attention has been given by the writer ; but the insect fauna likewise shows a tendency toward the characteristics of more boreal conditions. With this sug- gestive preface of what the cold waters of this hilly country may offer, the subject of my paper must now be introduced. A typical New England mountain brook comes tumbling down over the stones through a thickly wooded valley just north of the town. ^Meeting the village hill it veers to the east, there to be arrested by a dam to form a small mill-pond; then, liberated again, it sweeps on around the foot of the village and empties into a larger pond. Its flow from this continues, and of differing character ; but we have to do now only with an eighth of a mile of its course between the heavily wooded, steep-sided hog-back hills. The woods are of oak, chestnut, beech and birch, with an occasional red elder and frequent hemlocks, while great masses of laurel in full bloom bank the brook in a glory of pink and white. On either side ring out the nuptial songs of northern warblers, such as the Black-throated Blue and the Canadian Warbler, with others more to be expected, all busily engaged in the duties and joys of raising their broods ; and into the sunlit spaces over the water, which one must perforce wade, dart in- frequent dragonflies, teasing the eyes to follow them through the in- tervening shadows. One's attention is caught by one of these of unfamiliar aspect, evidently an Agrion, skimming hither and thither close to the ripples. Its flight too is peculiar, not after the manner of 'A. maculatum, slowly fluttering in an aimless way among the verdure along the banks, nor even of the more active A. (cquahile, also present in some numbers, but suggesting more the hunting tactics of a Gomphine, even to the frequent alighting for rest on the mid-stream stones. It proves to be ^. amatinn, Hagen, described from New Hamp- shire, and in the state New York recorded on two occasions from the Adirondack region. Others are soon noted, the females with strongly 156 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'°'- -^>^n. flavescent but unmarked wings, tlie males clearer winged, but with dark {ips to the hind ones. They were fairly numerous, and, flashing back and forth over the brook, with the sunlight making resplendent the long blue-green metallic abdomens of the males and the more coppery females with their bright yellow sides, the community pre- sented a never to be forgotten scene. The males frequently indulged in contests, usually two, sometimes three, taking part in vigorous chasings and dodgings which would be maintained for several minutes at a time, when they would separate, resume their hunting, then suddenly renew the game. While they never seemed actually to close in battle, yet the performance strongly suggested conflict, and bore little resemblance to the graceful dance of A. macnlatum. Soon after the dip of the sun back of the steep hill forming the brook's western bank, these Agrions began to seek rest from their labors, perching on the leaves of bordering shrubs and trees at heights ranging from six to twelve feet up, where they doubtless spent the night. It was the writer's first introduction to this species, so there was added the joy of discovery to the aesthetic delight a colony of such beauty must have given any beholder. A hemlock-shaded, rockbound pool setting off from the main course of the brook proved to be the home, or resort, of the more familiar Cordulcgastcr diaslatops. ¥ron\ time to time one of three or four individuals would leave its resting place on the low branch of an overhanging bush, and sweep with lightning speed over its clear depths; then circling its shores from end to end it would reach and follow the narrow grass-arched connecting channel out to the stream and back. On one of these forays the capture of an Argia putrida was noted. It was done in the twinkling of an eye, in spite of the activity and apparent agility of the prey. The dragon saw the damsel, seized her, and that was the end of her story. With his quarry he rose at once and almost vertically to a branch at the height of about forty feet, where he proceeded to the undisturbed enjoyment of his meal. This seeking of a lofty altitude for that purpose seems to be customary with members of this genus, it having been noted on several occasions in the case of both this species and C. ohliquns. Although several s])ecies of Libellulidi>^ii. antcnnifcrous tubercles subacute, incurved. Distance between ocelli only a little greater than their respective distance from the eyes. Apex of head pass- ing middle of basal joint of antennx. Antenna reddish brown, apex of third and all of fourth joint infuscated ; all joints more or less hispid, particularly the third and base of fourth, the apical three fourths of fourth fine haired; the third joint gradually widening to apex, wider than the apical joint which is spindle-shaped ; first and second joints subequal, the latter most slender, third slightly longer than second, fourth is a trifle shorter than second. Pronotum, with anterior margin nearly transverse, the anterior lateral angles not an- teriorly produced ; the lateral margins slightly concave, at least the anterior two thirds provided with small close set pale elongated tubercles, each armed at apex with a backwardly directed fine bristle ; whole upper surface roughly punctured and more or less infuscated and generally finely tuberculate, at least in front; with a faint median ridge; humeral angle obtusely angled, slightly prominent. Scutellum concolorous, coarsely and roughly punctate, acute apex pale. Corium concolorous. Clavus with about three more or less regular rows of punctures; remainder with coarse setigerous punctures arranged somewhat in rows ; veins elevated and faintly flecked with piceous ; lateral edge of corium finely crenate. Membrane suff^used with brown provided with a few irregular branching veins. Connexivum mottled with fuscous, a transverse pale fascia before the middle of each segment. Beneath paler, sternum coarsely punctate and variegated with piceous. Venter obsoletely wrinkled and mottled with fus- cous, especially in front on both sides ; sparingly clothed with fine appressed hairs set in fine punctures. Femora more or less mottled with fuscous ; tibire paler and hispid; anterior femora unarmed; intermediate femora armed with a small spine before apex ; posterior femora armed with a long slightly curved spine before apex, preceded by a short spine and followed by one or two short spines near apex. Length (^ and $, 7-8 mm. Described from three males, Dilley, Or, (my coll.) ; one male, Pull- man, Wash. (Heidemann Coll.); one male, \'an Couver Island (Amer. ]\Ius. Xat. Hist.) ; eight males, St. Cruz Beach. Calif. (Bradley — Cornell Univ. Coll.) one male, Olynipia, Wash. (Kincaid — Cornell Univ. Coll.). Six females, Dilley, Or. (my coll.) ; one female, Tenino, Wash., one female. Lake Tahoe. Calif. (Heidemann Coll.): two females. Van Couver Island (Amer. ^lus. Xat. Hist.); six females, St, Cruz Beach, Calif. (Bradley — Cornell Univ. Coll.). This species is closely related to and confused with C. amcricanus and in most collections it is so labelled. It may however be distin- guished from that species by its uniformly smaller size and its color more red; the apex of tylus reaches just beyond the middle of the first segment of antenn.x ; the anterior angle of pronotum is not produced and the intermediate femora are armed with a single spine in place of the anterior pair as in awcricaiius. June, 1914] Barber: Xew Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 169 ORSILLACIS new genus (Ms. name of Uhler). Closely related to Bcloiwchilits Uhl. The head is less protracted anteriorly, being only a little longer than wide, the apex more blunt and only just surpassing the apex of the basal antennal joint. First joint of the rostrum as long as the head, the apex of which reaches just beyond the third ventral segment. The buccal groove is much more shallow and less pronounced posteriorly. Pronotum is wider than long. The slightly enlarged fore-femora are unarmed. 0. producta new species (Ms. name of Uhler). Color rufo-testaceous, subshining, more or less infuscated and provided with very fine hairs. Head triangular, a little longer than wide, infuscated, very finely punctate ; apex and base of head transversely and line within the eyes, expanded back of the ocelli ; pale testaceous. Ocelli reddish, placed close to the eyes and just before an imaginary line drawn across the posterior margins of the eyes. Antenniferous tubercles fuscous, truncated and diverging, reach- ing about one third the way to the apex of the head ; tylus bluntly protruding a little way beyond the apices of the lateral lobes. Antennae with the basal joint slightly enlarged, short, pale ; the remainder of the antennse sordid tes- taceous and provided with fine pale hairs ; second joint longest, slightly swollen at apex and nearly four times longer than basal joint; third joint two thirds the length of second; fourth joint almost subequal to the third and slightly incrassate. Head beneath testaceous obscurely punctate. Rostrum pale except at apex, first joint reaches base of head, second joint about one third longer, third joint over one third longer than second and the fourth a little shorter than second joint. Pronutum rufo-testaceous, obtusely impressed before the middle, obviously wider than long and coarsely punctured with fuscous, the region of the cicatrix and posterior margin smooth, the cicatrices making a broadly crescentic furrow widely scooped out behind this in the middle, a median pale ridge running from the anterior to disappear before the posterior margin where there is a transversely elevated ridge running between the slightly more elevated humeri. Scutellum more or less castaneous, transversely ele- vated at base, the lateral edge, median carina and apex pale yellow, the remainder of the surface depressed and coarsely punctate. The sternal pieces coarsely and irregularly punctured with castaneous, the region of the acetabulse paler. Legs pale, the femora spotted with castaneous ; the tibiae embrowned ; the slightly enlarged fore femora unarmed. The corium rufo-piceus, covered with depressed fine golden brown pubescence. Membrane smoky hyaline. Connexivum pale, with segments 2-6 banded with piceous anteriorly. Venter pale through the center, the surface laterally marked with bright red and piceus. Length 6 mm. Described from two females from the Huachuca Mts., Arizona, one in the Brooklvn ^Museum and the other in mv own collection. 170 Journal Xew Vor:>' Entomological Society. [\"o1. xxu Hesperophylum heidemanni Reut. and Popp. (Fam. Termatophylidae). Renter and i'oppiui described this recently from Mt. Washington in the collection of Mr. O. Heidemann. In the Brooklyn Museum is a single female specimen taken by Mr. Carl Schaeffer in the Huachuca Mts., Arizona, in 1905. Doldina interjungens Bergr. Dr. Bergroth's single female specimen of this Reduviid came from Roanoke Island. North Carolina. Mr. Nathan Banks has extended the known northwardly range of this species by finding a single male at Bay Ridge, Md., in July. In this specimen the scutellum is not at all recurved at apex. Otherwise it answers the description in all particulars. Phymata acutangula Guer. This species originally described from Cuba was later added to the fauna of South and Central America and Mexico by later authors but has not been known from the United States. In my collection is a single female specimen taken by Mr. O. Dietz at Brownsville, Texas. This specimen measures only 6 mm. Stenomecra cliens Stal. In a paper by me on " Some Mexican Hemiptera-Heteroptera New to the Fauna of the United States," Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, \'o1. X\TII, Mch., 1910, p. 2;], I reported S. marginclla H. Schf. as having been taken in the Huachuca Mts., Arizona. Since the publication of that paper I have received a quantity of material from Mexico, among which I find the true 6". marginclla H. Schf. My Arizona material must be referred to 5". cliens Stal. Tempyra biguttula Stal. Described from Texas. Mr. \\'. L. McAtee has collected two specimens of this interesting little species on Plummer's Island in the vicinity of Washington. D. C. They were both taken in hibernation inidcr sycamore bark. Trapezonotus rufipes Stal. I have two specimens of this species from Lakehurst, N. J., taken by sifting in March. So far as I have been able to learn it has not been re])orted from the eastern part of the United States before I recorded it in Smitirs Xew Jersey List. June, 1914-] Miscellaneous Notes. 171 Aphleboderrhis pubescens Walk. (Fam. Aradidae). I have a single female specimen in my collection taken by Mr. O. Dietz at Brownsville, Tex., in June, 1901. I believe this is the first record of its appearance in the United States. Corizus viridicatus Uhl. Mr. Otto Heidemann has a specimen of this well-known western form taken in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. Acanthocerus lobatus Burm. Mr. Christian E. Olsen has presented me with a specimen of this species taken in New Mexico. I have carefully compared it with Cuban specimens and feel no doubt of its true identity. It must have reached New Mexico by way of Mexico but it has apparently escaped attention as yet from that country. Heteroscelis lepida Stal. I have a single male specimen of this pretty little species taken at Brownsville, Tex., in June, 1901, by Mr. O. Dietz. It is an addition to the fauna of the United States. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. A Cricket New to Long Island, N. Y. — The country bordering Orient Bay near East Marion, Long Island, N. Y., is sandy in places with some pitch pines and tangle of catbriers that make protected retreats for insects and other wild creatures. Here on August 2, 1913, Mr. George P. Engelhardt and I collected a number of insects. In the course of our operations I turned over a log lying on the sand bordering the upbeach, and was surprised to see a little cricket that was evidently new to the known fauna of Long Island jump with much agility to a place of concealment. After a long hunt this cricket was captured and meanwhile Mr. Engelhardt had secured another. These insects proved to be well-grown nymphs of Cyclopfilum squa- mosum Scudder. In this Journal, Vol. XVII, p. 187, December, 1909, Cycloptilum squamosum was reported from Lakehurst, N. J., where three males and three females were captured by the writer and Mr. Charles E. Sleight on October 3, 1909. The insect was originally described by 172 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'"'- -^>^ii. Scudder from a single male from Texas and a number of others have since been found in that state. I collected mature individuals at Lakeland, Fla., in May, 1912. It has also been found according to Rehn and Hebard in their revision of the genus^ in Maryland (Pergande), North Carolina (Brimley and R. & H.), Georgia (Allard and R. & H.), Arizona (R. & H.), California, Colorado and Nebraska (H.). The discovery of the species near Orient extends its known dis- tributions on the Atlantic coast much to the north, and adds another example to the interesting insects that have been found on Long Island. — Wm. T. Davis. Coleoptera Foimd with Lepidopterous Borers. — Mr. Henry Bird has found the following coleoptera in the course of his searches for lepidopterous borers: Conotrachclus amii^Iypticns, stem of the fern Woodzvardia, Lakehurst, N. J., August 20, 1913; Sphenophoriis ocqiialis, bred from the sedge Spartiiia, Rye, N. Y., July 21 ; Ligynis rcfiisiis, boring wiklrice, \\'ilmington, Del., July 16, 1909. — C. W. Leng. On Cioidae. — The beetles composing this family are small elongate rounded insects that range in length from one to about three to five mm. They are mostly of dull black or brownish colors, though a few have red or yellow elytral maculation. Many of the species have vestiture of hairs or bristles. A few however are glabrous. So far as known none of the North American species have well marked elytral striae. The antennal joints vary in number from eight to ten. The last three (two in MapJioca) joints form a rather loosely jointed club. The antennre are inserted at the anterior margin of the eyes. Tarsi four-jointed. Prothorax has lateral margin and is more or less prolonged at apex over the head. Claws of tarsi simple. \^entral segments five in number. Secondary sexual characters of males in some of the species are quite remarkable. The marign of epistoma is more or less reflexed with teeth or processes of edge. The apex of prothorax in some males being prolonged into horns or processes of various shapes and length. The first ventral segment in some species has a strong fovea at middle. The species live in fungus of the tough woody polyporoid kinds which they and their larvae devour. 1 Procfcdings Acad. Nat. Sciences of Phil., June, 1912. June, 1914.] Miscellaneous Notes. 173 Here at Cincinnati, Ohio, they seem to be on the job all the year around. By crumbling the fungus into a sifting net and sifting the debris over paper, arranging it so the warm sun will shine on the paper and cause the insects to move, they can be picked out. Bunches of fungus can be gathered in woods at any time and carried home in paper bags, placed in a suitable degree of temperature and moisture, and the beetles will hatch and begin feeding. They are frequently very numerous in individuals. From the fungus I found growing on a large log (poplar) which I crumbled and broke into small pieces and sifted, I gathered over 1,000 specimens of nine species viz.: Two of Cis, two Xestocis, two Ceracis, one Ennearthron, one Octotemnus and one new genus. This patch of fungus would have yielded perhaps 5,000 if so many had been wanted. To study the little organ- isms they should be clean and have antenna and foreleg drawn out and a few males mounted ventral side up. It is necessary to examine them with a compound microscope to count antennal joints, etc., with accuracy. The Cioidx are often confused with some of the Scoly- tidae, but the characters given will enable them to be recognized. There are other more minute characters, some of them of great value, but they are difficult to see. In the above definition, I have excluded the Rhipidandrinae which form a tribe in the family Tenebrionidse. I cannot find any evidence of their being of any economic importance. In the botanical museum of the Lloyd's in the department of mycology they eat up the specimens of Polyporus, and allied fungi, if the speci- mens have not been first baked or poisoned before placing them in the collection. I have heard the curator make remarks decidedly un- complimentary to the whole beetle tribe in this respect. — Chas. Dury. Reactions of the Spider, Pholcus phalangioides. — During a ten months' cruise in a New Bedford whaling vessel, which sailed from Barbados, W. I., as far south as the latitude of Cape Horn, the writer observed that numerous long-legged spiders, specimens of which have since been identified by Mr. James H. Emerton as the widely distributed house spider, Pholcus phalangioides, were constant inmates of the ship's cabin. They occupied rather shapeless webs in shelves and low corners. Their food supply was a mystery, since the only flying insects ever seen on the vessel were minute Diptera brought on board with fruit at the Cape Verde Islands and at Fer- 174 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'o'- xxii. nando Noronha. Nevertheless, even a four months' stay in the icy fiords of South Georgia Island, in latitude 55° South, did not elimi- nate the spiders, for they became active again as soon as we en- countered warm weather on the return voyage. The curious "whirling" defence of this species of spider is well known. When disturbed the animal rotates its body upon its legs, keeping the tips of the tarsi close together upon the web, while the legs are pulled out straight by centrifugal force and the rapid circling conceals the spider in a blur. During the last week of August, 1912, when the vessel had been about two months out of port, I made a series of experiments upon the spiders in the cabin in order to determine their reaction to stimuli of touch, wind, odor, light, etc., and the duration and reiteration of the "whirling defense." The averages of the reactions are as follows: I. The whirling response was made to tactile stimuli, that is when- ever the body of the spider was actually touched with a hair, how- ever lightly, or the web shaken. 2. The whirling response was not made to violent blowing of the breath on the spider, to the close juxtaposition of a finger or stick, to the odor of strong alcohol, nor to sunlight flashed from a mirror. If these stimuli were continued, however, the spider would finally drop from the web and retreat to a hiding place. 3. In the whirling response the first reaction to the touch stimulus was of brief duration, the spider soon slowing down, and coming to rest within 15 seconds. 4. The second and third responses were increasingly violent and of longer duration. 5. The third or fourth response (usually the latter), marked the maximum, the whirling lasting from 2 minutes and 15 seconds to 3 minutes. 6. After the third or fourth stimulus the jerky, feeble response indicated fatigue. The whirlings became shorter and slower, and dis- turbance continued seven or eight times always resulted in the spider dropping from the web and retreating. — Robert Cushman Murphy. June, 1914-] John Arthur Grossbeck. 175 I JOHN ARTHUR GROSSBECK Born February 2, 1883; Died April 8, 1914. All entomologists will join with their fellow members of the New York Entomological Society in their sorrow at the death of Mr. Grossbeck. Although his chief interest was in the Geometridse, his entomological activities were so general that his name was familiar to many who had not been fortunate enough to know him personally. For several years he had been an assistant in the American Museum of Natural History where he applied himself with his characteristic industry and zeal to whatever needed to be done, even at a sacrifice to his specialty. He leaves a large mass of unpublished manuscript in- cluding a practically completed paper on the Lepidoptera of Florida. For some months before his death he had been suffering from a severe attack of diabetes and, accompanied by his brother, sailed on March 18 for an extended Caribbean trip in the hope that it would benefit his health. Unfortunately, it did not have the desired effect and he died a few weeks later while at Barbados. A more extended account of his scientific work will be published in a future number of the Journal. 176 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^-^^i- PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of February 3. A regular meeting of the Xew York Entomological Society was held February 3, 1914, at 8:15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, Vice-President H. G. Barber in the chair, with twenty-two members and five visitors, including Dr. E. A. Chapman and 'Mr. J. A. Weber of the Linnaean Society, present. Dr. Philip Dowell, of Port Richmond, X. Y., was proposed for active mem- bership by Mr. Davis and, the by-laws being suspended for the purpose, was immediately elected. Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, through Mr. Davis, communicated a press notice of the meeting, in which the Coleoptera to be discussed appeared as Cleopatra. Mr. Leng read a paper on " Collecting Insects in Cuba " referring especi- ally to the Coleoptera collected on his recent visit to the island with Dr. Lutz. Mr. Groth exhibited his collection of the Papilios of Cuba, commenting on the comparative rarity of males. The species shown were : Papilio colunibus H. Sch. dez'illiers H. Sch. polydamas Linn. thoas oviedo Gundl. pelaiis Fabr. o.vvnius Hiibn. Papilio celadon Lucas. caigiiaiiabiis Poey. aristodemns Esper. andremon Hubn. androgens Cram. Dr. Lutz exhibited with the radiopticon, about 75 photographs and pic- tures of Cuban scenes, describing his visits to Guana, Zaza del Medio and Santiago, confirming what had been said as to three sections of Cuba. He dwelt particularly upon his visit to Guantanamo, where he was fortunate in meeting Mr. Charles T. Ramsden, the principal living Cuban entomologist, and with his guidance was able to collect in the tropical jungle of the eastern end of the island. Mr. Davis presented portraits of Dr. Henry Skinner to the Society's collection. During the service of refreshments, Mr. Weeks entertained the Society with newspaper articles on entomological matters, and exhibited part of his collection of Oodes and other Carabidie obtained years ago at the foot of the Palisades, a locality Mr. Weeks said which was now much altered, so that the best place for such species was prabably the border of the marshes on the south shore of Long Island. June, 1914-] Proceedings of the Society. ' 177 Meeting of February 18. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held February 17, 1914, at 8:15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, President Raymond C. Osburn in the chair, and ten members present. ]Mr. Barber read a paper on " Some Interesting Results of Collecting Hemiptera in Virginia " in which he referred to the light thrown upon insect distribution by his collections in 191 1 near Herndon, and in 1913 near Vienna, about 12 miles west of Washington, D. C, where he found a rolling sandy truck farming country with patches of deciduous and of coniferous forest, not differing greatly from southern New Jersey. This region seems to be the southermost limit for many boreal species and equally the northernmost limit for some austral species, while a few western species also reach it, perhaps via the Cumberland Gap and the Potomac River. After giving instances of each class, Mr. Barber described the three avenues of dispersal for Sonoran insects as outlined by Webster and referred particularly to the path via the Gulf States, and thence east of the Great Fault by which such species have reached the Atlantic coast, dwelling especi- ally on the Harlequin Cabbage Bug (Mnrgantia histrionica) which with Mr. McAtlee he had found abundant at Chesapeake Beach on a wild cruciferous plant. There also he had found many species by pulling up the grasses that grew above high tide mark and shaking the roots over a cloth. Reviewing the principal species that were captured during the two sum- mers, Mr. Barber pointed out repeatedly that often they were austral species found here rarely if at all ; and that the abundance of certain groups had led to the Washington entomologists giving those groups special attention, as Nathan Banks has done in Etiiesa and Mr. Heideman in the Tingidse. The paper was discussed by Messrs. Comstock, Davis, Leng and Dr. Osburn, the latter recalling that about 20 years ago the harlequin bug was abundant in Central Ohio, but for two years only, a severe winter appar- ently preventing its becoming a permanent resident, as it is in southern Ohio and Indiana. Mr. Davis showed by Smith's List, page 136, that only in 1896 has this insect ever reached destructive numbers in New Jersey. Mr. Davis exhibited a southern cricket, CycloptUum squamosum Scudder, which he had found on Long Island, and read a memorandum relating thereto which will be printed in Short Notes. He also exhibited a pamphlet on Friendly Insects of Australia, and one issued by the South African Central Locust Bureau, in which it was stated that brown locust eggs hatched after 3^ years' retention, a period that might be exceeded if the eggs had lain imdisturbed in the soil. Mr. Leng read a note from Mr. Norman S. Easton, describing the locality in which he had found Canthydnis puncticoUis. on submerged lumber in slowly moving swamps, see page — ; also one from Charles Dury, in refer- ence to Cioidcc, which will be found in Short Notes ; and a letter from Dr. W. E. Britton, in reference to CoccincUida: being possibly double brooded. 178 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. Mr. Davis said that Axion tripustulattim, which is abundant at Lakehurst on Kermes infested oaks in July and August, was probably single brooded, as it was rarely found at other seasons. Mr. Comstock referred to Liphya brassolia and read a passage from Dr. Wheeler's work on ants relating thereto. Mr. Dow spoke of the attractiveness of Joe Py weed when in bloom, for insects, especially Trichodes and Amphicoma. Meeting of March 3. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held March 3, 1914, at 8:15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, President Raymond C. Osburn in the chair, and fourteen members present. Dr. Osburn, under the title of " Remarks on Penthesilia and some re- lated Syrphid genera " exhibited his collection and spoke at length of the taxonomy of these flies with frequent reference to the larval life. Messrs. Davis, Woodruff and Schaeffer discussed this paper, especially in reference to the early appearance of Penthesilia verbosa on willow blooms, which, while well known, was in this vicinity not frequent ; Dr. Osburn added that as a matter of fact, most of his specimens of this species had been donated by loving friends. Mr. Dow under the title of " About Boisduval " gave an interesting pic- ture of the life and entomological activity of Jean Baptiste Alphonse Dcchauf- four de Boisduval, born 1799, died 1879, a physician, once curator of the Dejean collection, author of many works on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, including his joint work with the elder Leconte on the Butterflies of America, in which appear the drawings and ecological notes of John Abbot, of Georgia. After the retirement of Dejean, Dr. Boisduval, who came of a land-owning Norman family, devoted himself to medicine, but accumulated a great col- lection as well, in which were included the Californian insects collected by Lorquin, and became the highest authority on identification of butterflies. His collection passed into the possession of Charles Oberthur, and after three- quarters of a century of life, the aged doctor retired to the home estate at Ticheville, there perhaps to watch, as Mr. Dow suggested, his grand-children, the trees, the sky and the butterflies that pass uncaught " when it's apple blossom time in Normandy." His death notice in the Annales of the Ento- mological Society of France is by Charles Oberthiir and leaves no salient facts to be added. Mr. Comstock read a paper on " The Californian Lycccnida described by Boisduval," which will be printed in the Journal, exhibiting his collection and the recent work by Oberthur in which the Boisduval types are figured in colors, as well as the earlier publications on the group. In the course of his remarks he referred to the assistance of Mr. Watson and his concurrence in the synonymy proposed. The paper was discussed by Messrs. Davis, Woodruff, Watson, Schaeffer and Dr. Osburn, and Mr. Comstock's opinion as to the various names for our own little blue butterfly asked. June, 1914.] Proceedings of the Society. 179 Mr. Comstock said Cyaniris ladon was surely its specific name, but the standing of the names marginata, lucia, violacea, for its seasonal forms was still in dispute ; some collectors holding that each of these represents a dis- tinct succession of Spring forms appearing about ten days apart, others that marginata and lucia cannot be separated, others that violacea also is insepar- ably connected by intergrades ; all however agree in calling the summer brood in which the spots are almost obsolete, neglecta. Mr. Comstock said that the spring larvse feed on the developing flower buds of benzoin, wild cherry, viburnum, etc., and are difficult to raise, though W. H. Edwards had suc- ceeded in doing so. The summer form, neglecta, feeds on Ceanothus. He added that the number of broods probably varied in different seasons, the allied species comyntas having certainly four broods in some seasons. Further south the succession of spring forms differs from that observed near New York, and pseudargiolns becomes a predominant form at certain seasons. Mr. Davis spoke of the similar difference observed in spring form of luna moth. Mr. Leng exhibited specimens of Arthromacra ccnea and a different spe- cies of the same genus collected by Col. Wirt Robinson, in Nelson Co., Va., and communicated by him in which a bright green color was accompanied by difference in pronotal punctuation, and relative length of antennal joints, as pointed out by Col. Robinson, who also noticed that there was no commingl- ing of the two forms in copulation. Mr. Davis exhibited photographs of Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, and spoke of his kindly reception at a recent meeting of the entomological section and at a meeting of the Feltman Collecting Social, which he had also attended, expressing his admiration for the great work being accom- plished in that city by a comparatively small number of men. He said this was doubtless aided by the magnificent library and the facilities for its use, each member being provided with a key so that he can work undisturbed at evening. Mr. Angell spoke of the metallic colors in Coptolahrns, and the crimson hue that was caused by water being applied to the elytral surface, as he dis- covered in relaxing and remounting, affording another illustration of the mechanical character of the colors. Meeting of March 17. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held March 17, 1914, at 8:15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, Mr. G. W. J. Angell in the chair and seventeen members present. Mr. Davis under the title " Remarks on Some Orthoptera from the East Coast of Florida " showed his extensive collection of Floridian Orthoptera and a large number of photographs thrown on the screen by radiopticon. Mr. Davis said that 92 species were taken by Mr. Sleight and himself on their recent visit to the East Coast, and 104 species had been taken on his several 180 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^>^ii- Florida trips. Some of these are new to science, especially among the Belocephalus inhabiting the Keys. The insects of this genus cannot fly nor can they travel about very well on account of their clumsy bodies, so they become liable to the influence of isolation, and specific differences can well arise every few hundred miles. Mr. Davis showed by figures the difi^erences in subgenital plates, etc., by which the species are separated. He spoke also of an acrid fluid expelled by one species of walking stick similar to con- densed milk in appearance; of an earwig found taking care of her numerous young in her cell ; of the Big Lubber Grasshopper, of Aptenopedes aptera Scudder chewing half moon holes in scrub palmetto, and of the katydid first described by Beutenmuller, and its song. He described the method of " shin- ing the road " at night as specially productive at Miami, where a road ran through the big hammock and where Mr. Sleight caught Phrixa inaya (de- scribed from Yucatan) for the first time in the United States. Mr. Mutchler spoke of " Some of the Museum Collections " exhibiting types additional to those already reported, and the system of arrangement of the drawers. He also showed a new species of Criocephalus from Cuba. Mr. Dow gave an " Exhibition of Early Entomological Books " showing the works of Ray, Reaumur, Geoffroy and others, and commenting on the state of the science previous to the time of Linne, spoke particularly of the remark- able work in dissection and drawing of some early Italian authors. Meeting of April 7. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held April 7, 1914, at 8:15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, President Dr. Raymond C. Osburn in the chair, and seventeen members present. Mr. Leng read a paper on " West Indian Coleoptera " in which after reciting the methods employed in compiling the list he showed on the black- board the following comparison of the total number of species recorded in the principal families from the West Indies and from New Jersey, viz. : West Indies. New Jersey. Rhynchophora 590 429 Chrysomelidae 364 271 Cerambycidse 243 197 Scarabsidse 182 163 Tenebrionidre 1 34 65 Elateridae 123 129 Staphylinida; 146 257 Carabidre 113 357 Silphid.c o 34 Total, including smaller families 2,900 3.042 exhibiting as salient features of the fauna, a comparative wealth in phyto- phagous species contrasted with a comparative poverty in carnivorous species June, 1914.] Proceedings of the Society. 181 and coupled with a development in Tenebrionidse, more like that of the Sonoran region than that of the Atlantic coast. The total absence of the carrion eating Silphidas is apparently well established, as well as a character- istic development of certain genera and tribes, like Leucocera in the Chryso- melidae, Exophthalmini in the Rhynchophora and Solenopterini in the Longi- cornia. Mr. Leng said the data were insufficient to attempt any comparison with the fauna of South and Central America, beyond the evident intimate relation between that of the islands and the continent and the comparative paucity of species on the islands. In reference to Florida he spoke of the West Indian colony in southern Florida and the existence of boreal forms like Chlccniiis nigcr in Florida and Cuba, the presence of which might be accounted for if one might assume a former land connection between the two regions. Mr. Leng also called attention to the changes in family names, necessary to accord with the most recent catalogues, viz. : Cicindelidse become part of Carabidte Trichopterygidse change to Ptilidse Mycetophagidse change to Tritomida; Trogositidae change to Temnochilid^El Parnidse change to Dryopidae Dascyllidffi part change to Dascillidse Dascyllidse part change to Helodidae Elateridffi part change to Eucnemidae^ Throscidas change to Trixagidse Lampyridae split into Lycidas, Lampyridae, Telephoridae Ptinidae split into Ptinidas, Bostrichidae Lucanidae split into Lucanidae,3 Passalidae Cistelidae change to AUeculida; Anthicidae split into Pedilidae, Anthicidae, Hylophilidae Calandridae change to Cossonidae Scolytidae split into Platypodidae, Ipidae and said that he hoped to discuss the reasons advanced for each change at a later meeting. These remarks were discussed by Dr. Osburn and Dr. Lutz, the former calling attention to the great depth of water in the Florida Straits, the latter vigorously combatting the possibility of such a land connection, as lacking support from palaeontology, geology, botany or any other science. The evi- dence he said was strong that West Indian distribution between the islands and from the mainland had been a matter of sea-drift, winds, hurricanes and 1 The name Ostomidae is preferred by some authors. •2 The Elateridas have been subjected to further subdivisions, in part, per- haps, still open to discussion. 3 The Lucanidas and Passalidae are by some authors treated as sub-families of Scarabaeidae, which is then split into a number of sub-families. 182 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. particularly natural rafts operating through long geologic time ; and the paucity of mammalia was finally a killing argument against a purely theoretical land connection. Mr. Leng recalled in support of the drift and hurricane theory the fact that specific identity between Floridian and Cuban forms was in fact largely found in the seashore and strong flying insects. In reference to the relation between West Indian and Yucatan insects. Dr. Lutz cited tables he had prepared from the Petrunkevitch catalogue of Spiders showing only 4 5/10 per cent, of the genera as common to the two regions. Mr. Harris said he could add to the data on Cicindelidae, Tetracha sp. and Cicindela trifasciata from Grand Cayman. The secretary read a letter from Col. Wirt Robinson pointing out an error in Blatchley's Coleoptera of Indiana requiring the change on page 989 under "a" and " aa " in the synoptic table of Cyclocephala, of the words "outer" to " inner." The secretary also read a letter from Mr. Davis reporting on the experi- ences of Mr. Barber and himself near Wilmington, N. C. Mr. Angell stated that he had in his collection a specimen of Cychrus {Sphccroderus) lecontei from Franktown, Nev., collected by S. W. Denton. He also called attention to an opportunity to obtain fine series of Desniocerus auripennis from Chas. Dury ; the specimens having been recently collected by Pilate. Dr. Lutz spoke of Mr. Grossbeck's journey, at present in progress, through the West Indian islands. Dr. Love and Professor Bradley also spoke briefly. Meeting of April 21. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held April 21, 1914, at 8:15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, President Dr. Raymond C. Osburn in the chair, with fifteen members and one visitor present. Mr. Hall exhibited butterflies caught in the Black Mountains, X. C, in June, 1912, with photographs of the region, which was elevated about 2,300 feet above the sea. He commented on the small number of diurnals, 29 species in all, and spoke of the construction of a logging railroad, from Black Mt. Station into the mountains, which will facilitate collecting in future. This paper was discussed by Messrs. Schaeffer, Davis, Engelhardt and Leng, all of whom had had some experience in the southern mountains, and it was suggested that it was necessary to collect in varied environments to secure many species, and especially along the summits of the ridges, often more open than their flanks, for butterflies. Mr. Harris made an "Exhibition of Exotic Genera of Cicindclida; " show- ing representations of the tribe Ctenostomini from Madagascar and South America ; of the tribe Collyrini from India, China and the Pacific islands ; June, 1914-] Proceedings of the Society. 183 of the tribe Theratini from the same area, of the tribe Cicindelini, in its oriental subtribes, from New Caledonia, New Holland, Australia, South Asia, Africa, Java and Borneo, of the tribe Megacephalini (to which belongs our Tefracha), from Africa; of the tribes Mantichorini and Platychilini from southern Africa. In connection with Tetracha, Mr. Harris announced that the species from Everglade, Fla., made known by Mr. Davis, had been identified by Dr. Walther Horn as T. chevrolati Chd., never before reported outside of Yucatan. Mr. Davis said that he had not personally collected the specimens, which were sent to him after his return to New York by the sons of his host at Everglade, Mr. Storter; May, June and July appeared to be their season. This occurrence of a Central American species in southern Florida was paral- leled, Mr. Davis said, by the previously recorded capture by Mr. Sleight at Miami of Phrixa maya, and possibly by his own capture at Lake Okechobee of a longicorn beetle, Dorcasta obtusa, a member of a genus known to occur in Cuba, but more developed in Central America, whence several species have been described. Mr. Dow read a paper entitled " A Bit of Classification in the Making " in which a letter from Dr. Sharp to Dr. Leconte in reference to the Haliplidae and other groups was included. Mr. Dow also spoke of Phytonomus alfalfa: coming from Dr. Titus, in Utah, and distributed specimens ; he also recorded Malachins a-neits collected by A. B. Champlain near New Haven, Conn. Mr. Leng called attention to Gyascutus carolinensis as recorded from Harbor Island, Bahamas, in C. C. Nutting's " Bahama Expedition " the cap- ture and identification being credited to Professor Wickham. Mr. Schaeffer said the original description of this species from North Carolina was simply an error, due to the first specimens having reached Dr. Horn in a bottle with Carolinian insects. Subsequent captures have shown its actual habitat to be Sonoran. NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893. The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month (except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave. Annual dues for Active Members, ^3.00. Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to the treasurer. Officers for the Year 1914. President, RAYMOND C. OSBURN Columbia University, New York. FiVfr-ZymV^w^ H. G. BARBER .... 12 Clay Ave., Roselle Park, New Jersey. Secretary, CHAS. W. LENG 33 Murray St., New York. Tr^tfjwr/r, WM. T. DAVIS 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. Librarian, JOHN A. GROSSBECK American Museum of Natural History, New York. Curator, A J. MUTCHLER. . . American Museum of Natural History, New York. executive committee. Chas. W. Leng, E. G. Love. Chas. E. Sleight, Geo. p. Engelhardt, R P. Dow. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Chas. Schaeffer, F. E. Lutz, W. P. Comstock, L. B. Woodruff, AUDITING COMMITTEE. C. F. Groth, G. W. J. Angell, C. H. Roberts. field committee John D. Sherman, Jr., E. Shoemaker. delegate to the n. y. academy of sciences William T. Davis. JOURN AI^ OF THE Published quarterly by the Society, at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster Pa, . and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal should be sent to the Publication Committee, New York Entomological Society, American Museum of Natural History, New York City; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis, 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Is., New York, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian John A. Grossbeck, American Museum of Natural History. New York City. Terms for subscription, ^2.00 per year, strictly in ad- vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25 separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger num- ber be desired they will be supplied at the following rates, provided notice is sent to the Publication Committee before the page proof ha^ been corrected : ; 4r for each reprint of a i to 4 pp. article. 5. '' 6c " Sc- " IOC " 120 " ly - I4<. - One cent additional for each half-tone print. Covers on same paper as the Journal, with printed title page, $1.50 for 50 covers, and 2 cents for each additional cover. " 5 8 " 9 12 " 13 16 " 17 20 " 21 24 " 25 28 " 29 32 i Vol. XXII. No. 3. JOU RN AL OF THE NEW YORK Entomological Society. H)cvote& to ]£ntomoloa^ in (5eneraL SEPTEMBER, 1914. Publication Comtnittee. Charles Schaeffer F. E. Lutz. W. P. CoMSTOCK. L. B. Woodruff. JPublished Quarterly by the Society. LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY. 1914. [Entered April 21, 1904,31 Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.] THE NEW ERA PRINT COiVTEIVTS. i > The Greatest Coleopterist. By R. P. Dow ...... J85 J Notes on Orthoptera from the East Coast of Florida with Descriptions of Two y^ New Species of Belocephalus By W.\i. T. Davis ... . . 191 "4 A Revision of the American Species of Tanypremna Osten Sackenand Megii- 3? tocera Wiedemann. By Chari.es P. .Vle.kanuer 205 ^ New Bees of the Genus Halictusfrom United States, Guatemala and Ecuador. ^ By Marion Durkin Ellis 218 '. The Life Histories of the New York Slug-Caterpillars —XX By Harrison G. Dvar 223 s The Eggs and Nymphal Stages of the Dusky Leaf Bug Calocoris Rapidus Say. '■'" By R. L. Wehster and Dayton Stoker 229 New Membracidae from the East Indies. By \V. D. Funkhouser 234 Relative Attractiveness of Vegetable, Animal and Petroleum Oils for the V Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis Capitata Wied.). By Henry H. P. V Severin and Harky C. Sevekin ... 240 -v On the Misuse of ttie Terms Parapteron, Hypopteron, Tegula, Squamula, .'^ Patagium and Scapula. By G. C. Crampton . 248 i New Spiders from the Neighborhood of Ithaca, N. Y. By J. H. Emerton 262 Miscellaneous Notes . . 265 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 266 I JOURNAL ft OF THE JOfId ]9oFh €jn]^oinoIogirflI %mit'^^. Vol. XXII. SEPTEMBER, 1914. No. 3. THE GREATEST COLEOPTERIST. By R. p. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y. Of all the papers dealing with American Coleopterology far the most important is probably that listed as No. 3 in Henshaw's Bibli- ography of Leconte, published in the Boston Journal of Natural His- tory, Vol. V, pp. 203-209, and entitled: "Descriptions of Some New and Interesting Insects Inhabiting the United States. By John L. Leconte. Read before the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., November 6, 1844." It is, in fact, in matters entomological the American Declara- tion of Independence. Previously scattering species had been re- corded by Harris, Ziegler, Hentz, Randall, Leconte, the elder, and during a few years one Thomas Say had violated all precedent by describing his own discoveries without reference to Europe, about 800 species of beetles and rather more in other orders, but this revolu- tionist had died young after nine years of unhappy expatriation in the wilderness of Indiana, where literature was not. Following his de- parture the science languished, utterly neglected in New York and Philadelphia, kept alive by a small band in Boston and a handful of local collectors scattered over the country. One would like to imagine that this paper met with the reception it deserved, that to the faithful score of those who might attend Dr. Harris had passed around the word that a paper, quite out of the ordinary, would be presented, and that the author, a son of his old friend, IMajor Leconte, a recent graduate of St. ]\Iary's College was 185 18G Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii really of even greater promise than Harris' own pupil, John W. Randall, of seven years before. Thomas Wentworth Higginson was then a beginner. Present also should be Copley Greene, a local col- lector, who had taken the then unusual trip to Paris, taking all his beetles with him, reveling for weeks in the Dejean collection, com- paring and labeling his own, and even exchanging with that prince of amateurs. One easily imagines Leconte, the elder, the Major, still possessing a soldier's bearing. He had begun his visits to Cambridge and Dr. Harris in 1830 and had read before this very society his paper monographing the Histers. He had inveighed eloquently against the carelessness of American describers in not studying suffi- ciently the earlier authorities and thus burdening the synonymy. As luck would have it, the first six species described in that paper proved synonyms. One would like to imagine the debut of young Leconte as a speaker. An inspection of the minutes, however, of the Boston Society of Natural History of that date shows that it was a very ordinary meeting. Neither Leconte was present. The paper was read " by title " and ordered printed. The gem had no setting. Before entering upon his detailed descriptions young Leconte wrote: " The indolence of our entomological observers is the more de- plorable, as we are few in numlicr, and therefore more is to be ex- pected from each individual. The field of research is still open, and anyone who travels in it. with even ordinary care and attention, will not fail, under the mnnerous stones scattered on its surface, and the weeds which apparently obstruct his path, to discover as fine insects as have ever graced the cabinet of a Hope or a Dejean. I trust that the day is past when our insects must be sent to Europe for determina- tion. Are we to be bound by the mere dictum of some European entomologist, of equal indolence with ourselves, who chooses to 7/(/;»l' the insect which we have discovered? Where should our insects be better known than in the country which gave them birth; but in what civilized land are they less studied? " These remarks may appear rather high-flown to one who is not interested in the subject; but I trust I may be pardoned for this out- burst of feeling . . . when I see — what shall I say shiploads? — of our finest insects sent off to Europe, with no authority but a cabinet name, or perhaps not even with that, until some person of more than Sept, 1914-] DOVV : ThE GREATEST COLEOPTERIST. 187 ordinary industry, into whose hands they chance to fall, descrihes them, and acquires great praise for doing that which he ought not to have a chance of doing. Can it be wondered at that there is so much confusion about the synonymy of our species, when they are published in every country of the globe, but that in which they ought to be published? " The presumptuousness of this interpolation is not what is expected from a youth of nineteen. It is a challenge, the outcome of which can only be ridiculous failure or preeminent success. Neither is the vigorous, trained use of language the usual accompaniment of the student period of life. In our day of too extreme, too early special- ization the curriculum of elementals is unduly neglected. Balanced, forceful, faultless English is rare and nowhere rarer than in science. From the date of his first paper thirty-nine years of life were given to John Lawrence Leconte, four of which were devoted to his country and four more to an invalid wife, eight in all during which entomology occupied only odd hours. When he began there were not five genuine entomologists in the country. The president of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences wrote in 1842 that '' there is not one entomologist in our number."' When Leconte finished Phila- delphia was the home of the science. Leconte described 4.734 species of beetles, nine times as many as any predecessor. Many dropped into the synonymv, but present research is restoring them con- stantly, notably among those which he himself suppressed.^ He, with a pupil, gave to the world a division of the Rhynchophora in which every basic fact was a new discovery. To crown all, in the last year of his life he and that pupil produced a generic classification of the Coleoptera which superseded every European work and which, while out of print, is far from obsolete. Modern science is arriving at its major classification by a different route, but arriving at sub- stantially the same conclusions. Moreover, by Leconte's example and direct influence entomological societies sprang up all over the land. He was a man of enormous power of attraction, few jealousies and fewer enemies. John Lawrence Leconte was born in New York City, May 13, 1825. The Lecontes were a Hugenot family, as were the Says and Chaudoirs, who contributed immortal names to coleopterology. They 1 Compare Thos. L. Casey Memoirs IV, p. 220, sub Brachysomida. 188 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoL xxii. had prominence and wealtli before they were driven from France in the seventeenth century. They lost nothing in the Xew World, either in the sugar trade in Martinique or in the great family plantation in Liberty County, Georgia, until the latter was despoiled during the Civil War. Their marriages were as a rule with families of promi- nence. The grandfather of Dr. Leconte married a Miss Eatton, of the family wliich founded h'attontown, X. j. Hence his father's name, John Eatton Leconte. Major Leconte entered the army from pride, not necessity, and retired long before he was forty. He was thirty-seven when he married Miss Lawrence and settled in Xew York City. The two first born of this marriage died in infancy. His wife dying. Major Leconte was left to the solaces of a life-long passionate devotion to natural history and the care of his third son, then only a few months old. For thirty 3-ears the major lived in New York. Day after day he worked over his beetles with a little toddler on his knee. If environment is to count the youngster was bound to be a coleopterist. There isjn Philadelphia a family of ])cetle collectors, the grand- father a contemporary of Leconte, the father now owning the bo* private cabinet in that city, and the son an enthusiast, home several times with the spoils of Texas and the far Southwest. I asked this young man : " Do you remember a time when soirte common but handsome species here was new to you and the capture of which gave you a thrill — something like a Prioiius laticollis or the velvet green Chlcciiiiis scricciis or the liig purple Diccclusf " He shook his head. Xo, he knew' all those species by the time when boys of his age were becoming certain of the sequence of letters in the alphabet. He knew the number of tarsal joints when his fellows were learning; to interpret the hands on the' clock face. So with young Leconte. He absorbed beetle knowledge with his primer. He mingled new species with long division. He was graduated from St. Mary's College, Maryland, in 1842, then studied in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Xew York. taking his degree of M.D. in 1846. He never practiced prior to 1861. How he got his degree in 1846 is hard to understand. He made a journey to the Far West in 1843. In 1844 he visited Lake Superior, working his way along the entire south shore and crossing the country to the sources of the Mississi|)pi River, and this trip wa^ Sept, 1914-] DoW : ThE GREATEST COLEOPTERIST. 189 soon repeated. In 1845 ^^ went up the Platte River to Fort Laramie, thence to the foot of- the Rocky Mountains, and back to civiHzation by the Arkansas River. He followed the Santa Fe trail to New Mexico to turn up once more the insects known only from Say's descriptions of his own types. There was little time left for the study of medicine. It will be observed that young Dr. Leconte was free from the en- cumbrance placed upon ninety-nine per cent, of mankind — the necessity of earning his own living. The fact is that two lives, those of father and son, are serial, bound together in a single aim in a way almost unprecedented. Somewhere in George Eliot's works there is de- scribed a meeting of an incoming and an outgoing clergyman. The elder observes sadly: "You do not begin where I leave off; you must begin where I began." It was the major's aim that the boy should not begin where the father began. To begin where he left off was not to be hoped for, but many years of hard study could be saved. A man of simple tastes, the major economized that the boy should never lack time and independence. Of scholarly tastes, the major was de- termined that the boy should have the broadest foundation of general knowledge. With military simplicity the major packed the boy's valise and bade him Godspeed on every journey. When the boy sent back 10,000 beetles in alcohol from San Francisco the major receive>l them at home, mounted them, identified all he could, gazed at all under the lens and jotted down the characters which seemed to be im- portant. All to save time when Johnny came marching home, all to lengthen out the working hours of a human span, all that his own career in the science should be extended and glorified by the second generation. In 1852 the Lecontes moved to Philadelphia. Thither had come Prof. S. S. Haldeman from Lancaster to the University of Penn- sylvania. They would be nearer to Dr. Friederich E. Melsheimer, who had become president of the Entomological Society of Penn- sylvania, formed in 1842. The Melsheimer checklist was to be edited and brought to date for the Smithsonian, for which labor of love Haldeman and Leconte had volunteered. There the meetings of the Academy of Sciences grew in numerical strength and dignity. The Entomological Society was formed in 1859 by Cresson, Bland and Ridings. There the major attended the meetings, a little bent from 1 I 190 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- >^>^n. his earlier carriage, one hand bearing heavily on his cane, the other on the shoulder of his boy. Auguste Salle visited them in June, 1854, at their house, 321 West Locust St., and was introduced to " le respectable pere," then just past seventy. He found there Mots- chulsky, who had been working for three weeks over identifications, especially of beetles taken on his southern tour. The Leconte col- lection had then about 7,000 species, arranged, as Salle remarks, with great care. In the afternoon the quartet walked, first to the Academy of Sciences nearby, at the corner of Broad and Greoge Sts., then through Fairmount Park. In Philadelphia the major reported " adsum " in 1 861 and rendered his final accounting. Born in 1784. Are the pictures of this career to be drawn with more detail? Is it worth while to follow the journeys of the younger man, to learn whom and what he met? Would it be of interest to listen to some letter from Leconte," to Zimmermann in South Carolina, Harris in Cambridge. Schaum in New Jersey, Haldeman in Philadelphia, or Adams in Vermont, telling about a glorious vacation of four weeks on Mt. Yona,- Georgia ? Would we like to learn more than the bare facts of the ten years when young Leconte was hurrying from Superior to Florida, from Nova Scotia to San Diego, from Coney Island to South Orange, losing 20,000 specimens in the San Fran- cisco fire of 1852, robbed of his horses by the Indians near the Gila River and having to walk to camp thirty miles over the desert, con- stantly amassing the actual material from which he constituted his classification? What of the collectors who fell under the spell of his influence and gave to him their whole collections, types and all? There are many more of them than appear in the checklist. Of any man who in any ])ursuit bccnmcs the leading autliority the chief biographical data cannot but be well known. Yet the principal events of Lcconte's life have never been recorded in any one place. Nothing larger than a .sketch of him exists. There is an able essay on his genealogy and a careful estimate of his work compared with that of Dr. Horn, rather favoring the latter. The best collection of facts is in the six-page necrological notice by Salle in the .Ainials of the Ento- ni()lf)gical Society of h>ance. It is remarkable that in all Leconte's published papers he fails to mention being in any place at any date. No personal element whatever, the word " I " almost omitted. There - Datrisiis ioiuic Lie. comnu'moratfS the spot. Sept., 19 14-] Davis: Ortiioptera from Florida. 191 is a wealth of material to be developed some day. Some attic will reveal its treasure of letters. The 2,000 or 3,000 John Abbot draw- ings known to have been collected by Leconte the elder probably still exist. There are thousands of letters to and from the Lecontes tucked away somewhere waiting for editing. Time flies. There are only a score left out of the thousand who read Dr. Horn's laconic telegram of 1883: "Dr. Leconte died at 1.30 o'clock this afternoon,'" and there is no tyro in beetledom who does not know the man. NOTES ON ORTHOPTERA FROM THE EAST COAST OF FLORIDA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF BELOCEPHALUS. By Wm. T. Davis. New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. Nearly the entire month of September, 1913, was spent in com- pany with Mr. Charles E. Sleight collecting insects and other natural history objects of interest at several places along the east coast of Florida from Jacksonville to Key West. The writer paid particular attention to the Orthoptera and in all ninety^two species were secured, those from the vicinity of Jacksonville having been turned over to Messrs. Rehn and Hebard, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for study in connection with some of their North Florida material. The remaining species collected at La Grange and southward are here recorded, including two new species of Bclo- ccphahis, and the very interesting Phrixa maya, a large green Katy- did-like creature, originally described from Mexico, and now re- ported for the first time from the United States. Mr. Howard Chaudoin, of La Grange, and the family of Mr. Wm. H. Sands, of Big Pine Key, have sent me specimens collected in the fall of 19 1 3. These have been here mentioned in connection with the various species. In New York and New Jersey Chortophaga z'iridifasciata may be found as a mature insect from April to September; the species of Hippisciis and Arpliia sulphurca mature in the spring and die by the 192 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. first of August; the majority of the Orthoptera, however, mature about mid-summer and abide until killed by the cold of autumn. The collector in IHorida finds no such precision of appearance among Orthoptera, for even as far north as Jacksonville, Dichromorpha viridis may be found from April to November, and probably occurs during the intervening months as well. Scirtctica inannorafa picta, Psiiiidia fciicstralis and a mnnber of other species may be found in a mature state during most of the year in central Florida, and in the southern part of the state, the adults of most species may be met with at most any time. Thus we have collected nymphs and adults of Stilpnochlora margincUa Serv. at Fort Myers and vicinity, in March and April, and at Miami an adult male and two nymphs, one about one half grown and the other very small, were found in September. While the individuals of a species show a tendency to mature about the same time, some few, by reason of their strength and by good fortune in escaping their enemies, do long outlive the majority of their kind. FORFICULIDiE. Anisolabis annulipes lAicas. Ocean Beach, Miami, Sept. 23, i female. At Pablo Beach in North Florida on Sept. 27, 1913, a female and her sixteen little ones were found in a cell "under an old railroad tic. The voung ranged from three to four millimeters in length. Anisolabis maritima Gene. Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14; I'ig Pine Key, Sept. 19. 20; Key West, Sept. 16, 17. Found by turning over the sea-weed lying on the beach. Labidura bidens Olivier. Miami, Sept. 22, i female. BLATTID^. Ischnoptera nigricollis Walker. La (irange, October (Chaudoin). Ischnoptera uhleriana fulvescens S. and Z. Miami, Sept. 24, i female: Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, 1 male; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 1 male, i female. Ceratinoptera diaphana l\ihr. I'ig I'inc Key, Se])t. 19, 1913, one. Sept., I9I4-] Davis: Orthoptera from Florida. 193 Ceratinoptera lutea S. and Z. La Grange, Sept. lo, one. Eurycotis floridana \\'alker. ]\Iiami, Sept. 22, 24; Key West, Sept. 17; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19. Periplaneta americana Linn. La Grange, Sept. 10, i female. Periplaneta australasiae Fabr. La Grange, Sept. 12, i female, i nymph. Pycnoscelus surinamensis Linn. La Grange, Sept. 9, 11, 12; Miami, Sept. 22, 23, 25; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14; Key West, Sept. 16. MANTIDJE. Stagmomantis Carolina Johannson. La Grange, Sept. 11, i male; Miami, Sept. 24, nymph; Big Pine Key, Sept. 20, 2 nymphs; Key West, Sept. 17, 2 nymphs. Gonatista grisea Fabr. Miami, Sept. 22; Big Pine Key, Oct. i male, i female (Sands). Thesprotia graminis Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 12, 2 females; Key West, Sept. 16, 18, 2 females. PHASMID^. Manomera tenuescens Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 12, 2 females; Miami, Sept. 22, i female. Manomera brachypyga R. and H. * La Grange, Sept. 9, 12, 4 males, i female. The two species of 'Manomera were found on the low vegetation in the pine woods at night with the aid of a lantern, when they were active and walking about. Anisomorpha buprestoides Stoll. La Grange, Sept. 10, 11, 3 males, 2 females; Miami, Sept. 23, i male, i female ; Big Pine Key, Sept. 20, 3 males, 3 females. This fat and lubberly insect, which is always ready to squirt a charge of acrid, condensed-milk-like fluid at the collector, was in evidence at all the places visited. While it has been my experience in various parts of Florida to find more nymphs of this species in the spring, yet adults may be found at any season, and each female usually 194 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°i- >^xii. has attached to herself one of the dinimutive males. While we were at La Grange Mr. Sleight discovered under the bark of a dead tree four pairs in copulation and a single male, all closely associated. At night the insect becomes much more active. ACRIDIDiE. Nomotettix floridanus Hancock. La Grange, Sept. 12, I male. Neotettix femoratus Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 9, 11, 12, 3 females; Miami, Sept. 25, i male. Tettigidea lateralis Say. La Grange, Sept. 13, i female. Radinotatum brevipenne Thomas. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 12. 13, 5 males, 4 females; Miami, Sept. 25, I female. Radinotatum brevipenne peninsulare R. and H. Miami, Sept. 22, 25, i male, I female; Big Pine Key, Sept. 20, I male. Mermiria intertexta Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 12. i female; Ocean Beach, ^liami, Sept. 23, i male; Miami, Sept. 22, i female; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 7 males, 4 females, i nymph. Syrbula admirabilis Uhler. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 12, 3 males, 2 females. Amblytrophidia occidentalis Sauss. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 11, 7 nymphs; Miami, Sept. 21, i nymph; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 2 females. Orphulella pelidna Burm. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12, 3 males, 6 females; Miami, Sept. 2}^. 25. 2 females; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, i nymph; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 3 males, 4 females; Key West, Sept. 16, 2 males, 2 females. Dichromorpha viridis Scudd. La ( Irange, Sept. 9, 1 1, 6 males, 3 females. Clinocephalus elegans Morse. La Grange, Sept. 13, i male, i female; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, I male. Sept., I9I4-] Davis: Orthoptera from Florida. 195 Arphia granulata Sauss. La Grange, Sept. 9, i male, i female ; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 2 males, I female; Key West, Sept. 16, 17, 18, 6 males, 4 females. Cortophaga australior R. and H. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 11, 2 males, 7 females; Miami, Sept. 25, I female; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, i female; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, I male; Key West, Sept. 16, 17, 18, 7 males, 8 females. Hippiscus phoenicopterus Germ. La Grange, Sept. 13, i male. Scirtetica marmorata picta Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 9, 11, 12, 13, 5 males, 4 females; Ocean Beach, Miami, Sept. 23, 3 males. 2 females; Miami, Sept. 22, i female; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, 4 males. Psinidia fenestralis Serv. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 3 males, 2 females; Miami, Sept. 24, I female; Ocean Beach, Miami, Sept. 23, 2 males, i female; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, 2 males. Trimerotropis citrina Scudd. Key West, Sept. 16, 17, 4 males, 3 females. On the seashore sand at Ocean Beach, Miami, on Sept. 23, 5 males and 3 females were collected that have pink hind femora and resemble citrina except that the black band on the hind wings is narrow, as in maritima. They may, however, be maritiiiia, for in the author's collection there is a female maritima from Fire Island, N. Y., with pinkish hind femora. Rhomalea microptera Bcauv. La Grange, Sept. 12, i male, i female ; Miami, Sept. 22, i female. Several of these large grasshoppers in a flower bed will destroy a number of the plants, and so at La Grange the country people often killed them on sight. Leptysma marginicollis Serv. La Grange, Oct., 1913, female (Chaudoin). Schistocerca americana Drury. La Grange, Ocean Beach, Miami, Big Pine Key, Key West. Mature individuals of this species are to be found at all seasons in central and northern Florida, and many recently matured individuals are to be found in the southern part of the state, at least on the West Coast in March and April. Again in the fall some of the individuals 106 Journal New York Extomological Society, t^'"'- >^-^ii- found have but recently matured, as their elytra are still soft and they haven't acquired their full power of flight. Schistocerca alutacea rubiginosa Harris. La Grange, Sept. 12, i male; Miami, Sept. 22, i male. 2 females. Schistocerca obscura Fab. La Grange. Sept. 10. i male; IMiami. Sept. 22. i female. Schistocerca damnifica calidior R. and H. La Grange, Sept. 9, 11, 12, 5 males, 2 females; Miami. Sept. 22, I female. Eotettix signatus Scudd. La Grange, October, i female (Cbaudoin). Melanoplus rotundipennis Scudd. La Grange. Sept. 9. 10. 12. 13. 4 males. 4 females. Melanoplus keeleri Thomas. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12. 5 males, 5 females; Miami, Sept. 22, 23, 2 males, I female. Paroxya atlantica Scudd. La Grange. Sept. 11, 13, 3 males; Miami. Sept. 23, 24, 25, 2 males, I female; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14. i male. Paroxya atlantica paroxyoides Scudd. Big Pine Key. Sept. 19, 20, 21, 3 males, 4 females; Key West, Sept. 16, 18, 9 males, 8 females. Aptenopedes sphenarioides Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 9, 11, 12. 4 males. 4 females. Aptenopedes clara Rthn. Miami. Sept. 22, 25, 3 males, i female; Ocean Reach, Miami, Sept. 23, I male, i female; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, i nymph; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, i male, 2 females, 3 nymphs; Key West, Sept. 16, i male, i female, i nvmph. Aptenopedes aptera Scudd. La (irange, Sept. 9, 10, 11 males, 18 females, 2 female nymphs; Miami, Sept. 22, 25, 5 males, 3 'females; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, I female. This species is active at night, when it is no uncommon sight to see several of the grasshoppers devouring the leaves of the scrub palmetto into which they make half-moon shaped cuts eating down to the midrib. Sept., I9I4-] Davis: Orthoptera from Florida. 197 TETTIGONIIDiE. Scudderia texensis Sauss and Pictet. La Grange, Sept. 12, 13, 3 males, i female; Aliami, Sept. 22, I male. Scudderia furcata Brunner. La Cirange, Sept. 12, i female. Scudderia cuneata ]\Iorse. Miami, Sept. 24, 2 males. The apical expanded portion of the anal segment shows consider- able variation in specimens from Florida all referred to this species. Amblycorypha floridana R. and H. La Grange, Sept. 11, i male, i female; Big Pine Key, Sept. 20, 2 males, 2 females. Microcentrum rostratum R. and H. ^liami, Sept. 22, i male ; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 2 females. Microcentrum rhombifolium Sauss. Miami, Sept. 22, i male. Stilpnochlora marginalia Serv. Miami, Sept. 22, 2^, i male and two nymphs^ all from Brickell's Hammock. We found this insect mature at Ft. Myers on the west coast in ]\Iarch, 1912. Phrixa maya Sauss and Pictet. Miami, Sept. 22, i male. Mr. Sleight and I were " shining the road " that leads through Brickell's Hammock with our lanterns on the evening of Sept. 22, 1913, when this peculiar insect was found on the side where my friend was walking. He kindly turned it over to me for study, and its identification was made easy by the excellent cut of a male Phrixa maya on Plate XVL fig. 2, Vol. i of Biologia Centrali-America, Orthoptera, in which volume the insect is also described. The authors have this to say : " A very peculiar genus, the species of which have broad and obliquely truncated elytra. In the males the anal field is very small, coriaceous, densely punctate-reticulate, and the stridulating vein is very obsolete above on the left elytron. This genus is known only from Alexico." The development of the cerci is also remarkable. The type came from "Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer)," and the discovery of the insect in Florida is of much interest and adds a species to the known fauna of the United States. 198 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. Crytophyllus floridensis Bcut. La Grange, Sept. lo, ii, 12, i male, i female, i nymph We sometimes heard among the oaks and cabbage pahns, but not in the pine woods, a low cliluck, chhick, evidently the call of some large insect, though its carrying power was poor and one had to be quite near in order to hear it. There were several of the insects about, and one evening when the moon was shining brightly and with the aid of a lantern, one w-as discovered among the leaves of a cabbage palm. Enough was seen to identify it with a Crytophyllus floridensis presented to me by young Mr. Chaudoin, and the next day I knocked a female of the same species from a cabbage palm into my umbrella. A nymph was found at night hanging from moss on a low palmetto, drying itself, having just shed its skin. This nymph was brownish in color, but the adult male and female were all green. The type came from near Grant, also on the east coast of Elorida, and was described as greenish gray in color, but it probably was all green in life. Mr. Beutenmuller reports its stridulation as a " continuous Ker-Ker-Ker- Ker, with about one second interval of rest," but to the writer the note sounded more like chhtck. chhick. and we used to speak of them as " the chlucks." Xear Miami, one hundred and eighty miles to the south of La Grange, one of these insects was heard stridulating every evening in the latter part of September. It lived among the Spanish moss in a large oak in a clearing, and as it always took alarm at the light of my lantern it could not 'be observed, much less collected. Crytophyllus floridensis is a larger species than the well-known Katy-did of the north, though its call note is quite feeble in comparison. Owing to several peculiarities of structure it has been placed in a genus by itself called Lea, by Mr. Andrew N. Caudell (Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc. vol. XIV, p. 42, March. 1906). who has also described the female. There is another sjiecies of Katy-did living in Florida, which was heard in some numbers near Ortega, along the St. Johns River, not far from Jacksonville. Its note is loud and like that of Crytophyllus per- spillatus. Belocephalus subapterus Scmld. La (jrange, Sei)t. 10, i brown female in grass by railroad; Sept. II. I green female (Ds) ; October, 2 green males, i green female and 2 brown females (Chaudoin). The identification of the females is a Sept., I9I4-] Davis: Orthoptera from Florida. 199 trifle uncertain, but from locality and association wtih the males they are probably sitbaptcnis. Belocephalus sabalis Davis. Miami, Sept. 22. 2 green males ; Sept. 24, i green male : Sept. 25, 4 green males and i brown male; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14. i green male. These specimens from the east coast of Florida agree with those collected at Punta Gorda, the type locality, in November, 191 1. The longitudinal lines on the head and thorax usual in Belocephalus are present in this species, but fade away after death. Belocephalus sleighti, new species. Types, green male and brown female. Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Fla., Sept. 19, 20, 1913. Mandibles black, the upper surface of the head and pro- notum in the green male with a faint line on either side of a yellowish color ; these lines are pronounced in the brown female and bordered interiorly with blackish. Fastigium sharp pointed, not as long as in sabalis, slightly bent downward and tipped with black. Inferior basal tooth of fastigium in female also tipped with black. The antennae are unicolorous, a little longer than the body in the male and somewhat shorter in the female. Tegmina about two thirds as long as the pronotum. Abdomen with a scarcely perceptible carina. Legs unicolorous, except the tips of the spines which are black. The supra- anal plate of the male with the inner sides of the V-shaped notch rounded and the notch itself not nearly so broadly open as in sabalis. The subgenital plate of the male is notched and has two stout appendages (styles) with rounded extremities. They are about twice as long as broad. The outer ex- tremities of the plate are not bent upward and inward and produced into points. ' Male. Female. Mm. Mm. Length of body 40 42 Length of fastigium beyond base of antennae 2.5 3 Length of pronotum 10 10.5 Length of tegmen 7 3 Length of caudal femur 18 20 Length of ovipositor 17 In addition to the types twelve green and two brown males, one green female and two nymphs have been examined from Big Pine Key, all collected on Sept. 19 and 20, 1913. They were captured at night on the scrub palmettos and various low bushes, and their song was much like that of Belocephalus sabalis as described in this Journal, Vol. XX, p. 122, June, 1912. This insect is named after 200 Journal Xew Yokk Entomological Society. [VoL xxii. Mr. Charles E. Sleight of Ramsey. X. J., the companion on my journey. Belocephalus micanopy, new species. Types, green male and brown female, Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Fla.. Sept. 19 and Oct., 1913. Mandibles, lower edge of front and base of antenna- beneath, black. The upper surface of the head and pronotum with a faint line on either side of a yellowish color, which is bordered interiorly with blackish. These stripes extend from the fastigium backward to the base of the thorax in the male and on to the abdomen in the female. They are more parallel in the female than in the male. The area included between the stripes is darker in the female than the general body color, thus forming a brown dorsal stripe edged with blackish and straw color. Fastigium short, blunt pointed and tipped with black. Inferior basal tooth of fastigium also tipped with black. Antenna longer than the body in the male, not quite as long in the female, with the first joints in both sexes annulated with black, the color fading out toward the tip. Abdomen with a scarcely perceptible, interrupted carina. The femora and tibia of all of the legs blotched with brown at the knees, and the tips of the spines are black. The supra-anal plate of the male with the V-shaped notch not broadly open and its inner sides rounded. The subgenital plate of the male has two tapering appendages (styles) that are about three times as long as broad. The outer extremities of the plate are bent upward and inward and produced into points. iSLile. Female. Mm. Mm. Length of body 30 30 Length of fastigium lieyond base of antenna 2 2 Length of pronotum 9 9 Length of tegnun 7.5 3 Length of caudal femur 16 16 Length of ovipositor 19 In addition to the types, tlircc hrown males have heen examined, all from Big Pine Key. The female type and two of the males were collected in October, 1913, and sent to me by the family of Mr. Win H. Sands; the remaining two males were collected on Sept. 19. 191 3. They were found among the leaves of the silver-palm, Coccothrinax argcntca Lodd, which is not uncommon on Big Pine Key. The song of this species is slow and readily distinguishable from that of Belo- cephalus slcighti. The male type is slightly larger than some of the other males of the series. Si.x species of Belocephalus arc now known from Florida and there are probably several others to be discovered. The insects cannot flv and are not active walkers, so they do not get about imioli. Sept., I9I4-] Davis: Orthoptera from Florida. 201 It is, therefore, not remarkable that every few hundred miles a dif- ferent species should appear, especially on some of the Keys like Big Pine Key, which lies about thirty-five miles to the south of the mainland of Florida. Females of five of the species are known and it is of interest that the stripes that commence at the fastigium and extend backward to the posterior margin of the prothorax, or on to the abdomen in some individuals, are nearly parallel, whereas in the males these stripes diverge as they extend backward from the head to the posterior margin of the prothorax. In brown individuals there is a conspicuous darker dorsal band the sides of which are either parallel or divergent on the head and thorax according to sex. It may be well to state that the natural colors in Bcloccphalus and other green Katy-did-like insects can best be preserved by placing them when dead in a solution of about nineteen parts of water to one of commercial formalin. They should be packed tightly enough in the bottle to prevent their being jostled about in traveling, and should be removed after a few weeks' stay at most in the solution. Scudder described Bcloccphalus suhaptcnis in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XVII, 1875, and in a paper by the writer on " Three New Species of Belocephalus from Florida," this Journal, Vol. XX, p. 123, June, 1912, additional facts were made known. The six species so far described may be separated as follows : Vertex of the head produced as a stout sub-cylindrical thorn tapering apically. Body of male about 40 mm. in length ; antennae unicolorous. The outer extremities of the subgenital plate not bent upward and inward, and not produced into points. Supra-anal plate with the inner sides of the V-shaped notch nearly straight. Hind femora about 20 mm. in length sabalis Davis. Supra-anal plate with the inner sides of the notch rounded. Hind femora about 18 mm. in length sleight i n. sp. Body of male about 34 mm. in length ; antennse spotted. The outer ex- tremities of the subgenital plate not bent upward and inward and pro- duced into sharp points snbaptenis Scudd. Body of male about 34 mm. in length ; antennje spotted. The outer ex- tremities of the subgenital plate bent upward and inward and produced into sharp points hebardi Davis. Vertex of the head rounded, no thorns. Body of male about 25 mm. in length. The outer extremities of the sub- 202 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^oL xxii. genital plate are not bent upward and inward into points. Supra-anal plate with the V-shaped notch very broad and its inner sides straight. rehni Davis. Body of male about 30 mm. in length. The outer extremities of the sub- genital plate bent upward and inward and produced into points. Supra- anal plate with the V-shapcd notch not broadly open and its inner sides rounded micanopy n. sp. As the vertex of the head is subject, particularly in some of the species, to a little variation it may be well to supplement the foregoing table for the assistance of those without a series of specimens at hand. Outer extremities of the subgcnital plate bent upward and inward and pro- duced into points. Antennae spotted. Vertex of the head rounded, no thorn. (Big Pine Key, Fla.) micanopy n. sp. Vertex of the head sharp pointed. (Punta Gorda, F\a.) . . .Iiebardi Davis. Outer extremities of the subgenital plate not bent upward and inward and pro- duced into points. Antennae spotted. Vertex of the head sharp pointed. (N. E. Fla., etc.) sitbaptertts Scuddcr. Vertex of the head rounded, no thorn. (Newberry, Fla., type loc.) rclnti Davis. Antennre unicolorous, body of male about 40 mm. in length, vertex of head sharp pointed. Supra-anal plate with the inner sides of the V-shaped notch nearly straight. Hind femora about 20 mm. in length. (Southern Fla.) sabalis Davis. Supra-anal plate with the inner sides of the notch rounded. Hind femora about iS mm. in length. (Hig Pine Key, Fla.) slcighti n. sp. ft. SafcaUs . a sfei^A.^^. 13 leftwt ri- micano f-J- Viewing the material at hand as a whole we find Bcloccphahis sabalis and slcighti to be large and robust species, while the others are smaller and do not give one the impression of being such fat, lubberly insects. In subaptcrns, rclnii and Iiebardi the supra-anal Sept., 19 14.] Davis: Orthoptera from Florida. 203 plate is similarly shaped, though slight differences appertain in this respect to each of the three species. Pj'^rgocorypha uncinata Harris. Miami, Sept. 22, 23, 24, 25, 11 males, 7 females, all of them brown in color and many eating grass at night. None were heard singing. Neoconocephalus mexicanus fuscostriatus Redt. Big Pine Key, Sept. 20, i male. A male was heard singing in a garden in Key West. Odontoxiphidium apterum Morse. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12, 3 males, 10 females, i nymph; Miami, Sept. 22, 23, 24, 25, 3 males, 5 females; Cocoanut Grove. Sept. 14, 6 males, i female. Orchelimum glaberrimum Burm. La Grange, Sept. 9, 10, 13, 5 males. This species was also heard singing along the banks of the Miami river on Sept. 25. We have followed Rehn and Hebard in using this name for the present species, though it is evidently not the insect to which the name has been applied by Scudder, McNeill, Redtenbacher and others. Burmeister's type came from South Carolina, but his description would cover several of our species of OrcJidiminn. While the present species has a red head like 0. crythroccphahim of New Jersey, it is much larger. A series from Raleigh, N. C., shows that they are more nearly related to those from Florida, than to crythrocephalnm from New Jersey, which may prove to be a northern race. Orchelimum militare R. and H. La Grange, Sept. 13, l male (Ds.), Oct., 3 females (Chaudoin). Conocephalus gracillimus Morse. Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, i male; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 2 males, i female. Conocephalus fasciatus DeGeer. La Grange, Sept. 11, 12, i male, i female. GRYLLIDJE. Cryptoptilum antillarum Redt. La Grange, Sept. 10, i female; Miami, Sept. 22, 23, 24, 4 males, 8 females, 7 nymphs; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, I female, 3 nymphs; Key West, Sept. 16, 17, 2 females, 2 nymphs . 204 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- ^^i^- Cryptoptilum trigonipalpum R. and H. La (irangc, Sept. 12, 3 nymphs; Miami, Sept. 24, 3 nymphs; Big Pine Kev, Sept. 19. 20. 5 nymphs; Key West, Sept. 16, 17, 9 nymphs. Cycloptilum zebra R. and H. Ocean Beach, Miami. Sept. 2;^, 6 males. 7 females. These and others that escaped were found under and in the folds of an old pair of trousers lying on the up-beach. Nemobius fasciatus socius Scudder. La Grange. Sept.. i female. Nemobius ambitiosus Scudder. La Grange, Sept. 10, 11, i male, i female, 2 nymphs. Miogryllus saussurei Scudder. La (irangc. Sept. 12, i male; Miami, Sept. 22, 23, 25, i male, 5 females, i nymph. Gry'.lus rubens Scudd. La Grange, Sept. 11, i male; Miami, Sept. 25, i female. Gryllodes sigillatus Walk. Miami, Sept. 22. 24, 25, i male, 2 females; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, I male, i female. At Miami they were found on the side- walk in front of a store near the bridge that crosses the river, and at Big Pine Key they lived in Mr. Sands' house, where they were re])orted as doing some damage by eating clothing, etc. At night when the lights were out they would come out of their hiding and the males would sing their cheerful and very energetic song. CEcanthus angustipennis Fitch. La Grange, Sept. 10, 3 males. Collected among the golden rods and otl'cr low plants by the side of the road. They also occurred among the small oaks and other trees. The song is loud, about three or four .seconds long, with an equal interval of rest. We have found this insect at Lakeland, I^'lorida, on two occasions, but it has not been rep* rted so far from other localities in the state, though no doubt common in some of the northern counties as it is a northern specie^. Cyitoxipha gund achi Sauss. Miami, Sept. 24, i female, 2 nymphs; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19. 20, 2 males. 2 females, 2 nymphs; Key West. Sept. 16, 17, 18. 2 females, 5 nymphs. Adults were much less common than the nymphs, no effort beintr made to collect all of the latter. Sept., I914-] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 205 Hapithus quadratus Scudd. Miami, Sept. 22, 24. 25, 6 males, 7 females; Key West, Sept. 18, I female. Hapithus brevipennis Sauss. La Grange, Sept. 11, 2 females; Cocoanut Grove, Sept. 14, i male, I female. Orocharis saulcyi Guer. Miami, Sept. 22, i male. Tafalisca lurida \\'alk. La Grange, Sept. 10, 11, 2 males; Big Pine Key, Sept. 19, 20, 2 females (Ds.), Oct., i male (Sands). A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF TANYPREMNA OSTEN SACKEN AND MEGIS- TOCERA WIEDEMANN. (TIPULID^, DIPTERA.)! By Charles P. Alexander, Ithaca, N. Y. This paper is presented in order to complete the American species of the Dolichopezini that are allied to Megistocera Wiedemann. These genera are Brachyprcmita Osten Sacken which has been taken up by the author in an earlier paper (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. XX, p. 225-236, 1912), Tanypremna Osten Sacken and Megistocera Wiedemann which will be considered in the present paper in the order named. A key to the Dolichopezine genera of the world is given in Psyche, vol. XIX, p. 64, 1912. I am indebted to Mr. Frederick Knab for the loan of the material in the United States N^ational Museum; to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., for the specimens in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences ; to Mr. C. W. Johnson for a Tanypremna taken on the Mann expedition to Brazil; to Dr. F. H. Lutz for the material in the American Museum of Natural History ; and to Mr. John Thomas Lloyd for the species of Tanypremna herein described as new. 1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell L'niversity. 206 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxti. TANYPREMNA Ostcn Sackon. 1886. Taiiyfrciinia Osten Sackcn ; Biol. Cent. Am.. Dipt., vol. i, p. 19 (opilio). 1912. Stegasiiio)Wtus Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. i, p. 11 (loiigissimits). 1912. Pehlkea Endcrkin ; 1. c, p. 15 (coluDibiaita). The genus Tanyprcmna was erected in 1886 by Osten Sacken to receive the then iniique species, opilio, of Guatemala. The following year the same author described T. manicata from Brazil. In a recent paper Dr. Enderlein has erected two new genera which must be con- sidered synonymous with Tanyprcmna and the two types make the _ third and fourth American species. The Tipula longipes of Eabricius is now known to be a member of this genus, while the new form herein described as Tanyprcmna rcgina is the sixth species to be made known. The species most closely allied to the genotype, opilio, are cohtnihiana which Enderlein made the type of a new genus, Pchlkca, and the new species, rcgina. T. colunibiana Enderlein has a strong supernumerary cross-vein in cell il/, this latter character being also found in rcgina. which, moreover, possesses a considerable series of such veins and spurs of veins in both of the basal cells. This char- acter of supernutuerary cross-veins is one which has been over- emphasized in the past in the formation of genera and it is doubtful whether even subgeneric rank should be given to the majority of such forms. The extreme plasticity of these characters is shown in such genera as Cladnra, Gnophomyia, Tricyphona, and others, in which these supernumerary cross-veins may be present or absent in the two wings of a single specimen. In the various subgenera of Limnophila such as Ephclia, Idioptcra, Dicranopliragma, etc., which possess these supernumerary cross-veins in all specimens, it is known and appre- ciated that these groups are scarcely of subgeneric value. Consider- ing the very close relationship existing between opilio, columhiana and rcgina, and taking into account the plasticity of the characters used in their diagnosis, I am unwilling to consider the forms as representing more than very well-defined species of this genus, Tanyprcmna. The species of Tanyprcmna appear to be quite uncommon and not often picked up by collectors. This is well shown by the fact that each species was founded upon a single specimen and scarcely a dozen specimens are known to be in existence in the various museums. Sept., 19 14.] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 207 Characters of the Genus. Frontal prolongation of the head very short and stout, about as deep as long; the nasus long and prominent, clothed at the tip with long hairs; palpi with the last segment longer than any of the others. Antennae very short, the basal segments larger, the flagellar segments oval, more elongated toward the end. Front very broad between the eyes with no protuberence. Prothorax viewed from the side very narrow, the scutellum closely applied to the mesonotal prjescutum and the head, in turn, closely applied to this. Mesonotal pn-escutum very gibbous, partly or almost entirely concealing the head when viewed from above. Halteres long and slender. Legs very long and slender, the tarsi especially being excessively elongated. Wings with vein Sc long, Sc^ persistent at the wing-margin and quite close to R^ at its tip; Rs short, usually arcuated but sometimes straight though never so square at the origin as in Brachypremna; R^ usually distinct, oblique, rarely vertical as in Brachypremna. Second anal vein usually long and not ending close in the anal angle of the wings. In longipcs Fabricius, R., is swung proximad at its tip so that it is very close to R^ at the wing-margin; Rs is oblique, straight and second anal is rather short. T. cohnnbiana has a strong supernumerary cross-vein in cell M, and T. regina has this cross- vein and spurs of many other in the basal cells . Abdomen elongated, in the females of some species, excessively long and slender. Coloration. — Usually light yellow, the thoracic dorsum dark brown, the pleurae yellow with brown transverse bands. Legs brown, the segments having more or less white. Wings usually subhyaline with the veins indistinctly seamed with darker, rarely the whole disk marbled with darker. A Key to the American Species of T.\nypremna Ostexx Sacken. 1. Tibiffi with more or less white before or at its tip 2 Tibiae with the base abruptly white but the remainder of the segment dark colored 4 2. First tarsal segment broadly white medially, dark at both ends ; remaining tarsal segments entirely white ; [radial sector of the wings short, straight, oblique, forming a V with the deflection of i^o+sl- (Guiana, Brazil.) longipes Fabricius. Tarsal segments one and two tipped with white 3 208 JoLRNAi. Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. 3. Wings hyaline with the apical veins seamed with brown ; [abdomen very long, slender: length of the body of the female over 50 mm.]. (Brazil.) longissinia Enderlein. Wings pale brown with a darker brown stigma : [body less elongate, the tip of the abdomen of the type and only known specimen is broken and the length can not be accurately determined; it was estimated to be 14 mm. by Osten Sacken : some brown on the third tarsal segment]. (Brazil.) manicata Osten Sacken. 4. No supernumerary cross-vein in cell M. (Guatemala, Venezuela.) opilio Osten Sacken. A supernumerary cross-vein in cell M 5 5. Wings with the seaming limited, confined to the cord and the super- numerary cross-vein in cell M ; wing of the male 18.5 mm. (Colombia.) Columbiana Enderlein. Wings heavily marbled with brown in almost all the cells; wing of the male 22 mm. (Colombia.) regina n. sp. Tanypremna longipes Fabricius. 1S05 Tipula longipes Fabricius; Syst. Antl., p. 25. 1821 Tipula longipes Wiedemann; Dipt, exot., vol. i, p. 37, 41. 1828 Tipula longipes Wiedemann; Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., vol. i, p. 43. 1834 Tipula longipes Macquart ; Suite a Bufl'on, vol. I, p. 82. 1900 Tipula longipes Hunter; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vol. 26, p. 286. 1902 Tipula longipes Kertesz ; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 293. 1912 Stegasmonotus longipes Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. i, p. 13- iQ'S Tanypremna longipes Alexander ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44. p. 487. Female, lengtli 24 mni. ; wing. 12.6-12.8 mm.; abdomen, 20.1-20.2 mm. Fore leg, femur, 9.6 mm.; tibia, 12.4 mm; tarsus 7. 15.5 mm.; tarsus 2 to 5, 8.1 mm. Hind leg, femur, 12 mm.; tibia, 13 nun.; tarsus /, 16.4 mm.; tarsus 2 to 5, 10.6 mm. Frontal prolongation of tlic bead sbort, pale dull yellow, tbe nasus rather long witb a brush of hairs at the tip; lower part of the rostrum dark, blackish; palpi with the two intermediate segments pale, the first and last being dark colored, the latter named segment very long. Antenna? short, the scapal segments and tbe liase of the first flagellar segment pale, yellowish, remainder of tbe antennae dark brownish black. Front pale yellowish white, on the vertex passing into brown, the occiput dark. Pronotal scutum broadly dark brown medially, paler on the sides. Mesonotal pr.-escutum dark brown, medially this color extending to the extreme cephalic margin which is darkest, the space in front of the dark mark on the pesiidoMitin-e described l)elow is very ])alc. almost Sept., 1914] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 209 white; the prsescutum with deep impressed Hnes extending from the psendosiitural fove?e caudad to the transverse suture ; a dark brownish black mark at the humeral angle of the sclerite extending ventrad onto the pleura;; scutum dark brown, a little paler medially; scutellum and postnotum brown, the latter a little paler on the sides. Pleurae pale, yellowish white, with a broad brown stripe extending from the humeral angle of the pr?escutum ventrad and caudad across the meso- pleur?e, splitting near the base of the fore coxa, the anterior fork broad suffusing the sides of the mesosterna and the base of the mesocoxje. Halteres long and slender, the stem pale brown, the knob dark. Legs with the coxs pale except the mesocoxje as described above ; fore legs with the trochanters having a decided green caste, femora dark brown, the base pale, tibiae with the base broadly pale, about ecjual in width to the black apical ring, a rather broad white subterminal band ; metatarsus dark brown, the white medial band a little broader than the dark basal ring, remainder of the tarsi white. Hind legs with the femora brown, the tibise with the basal three- fifths dark brown, the remainder snowy white excepting a broad dark brown tip ; metatarsus white except the broad brown base and apex ; remainder of tarsi pure white. Wings usually with a light brown tinge, in some more nearly hyaline, and the costal cell brown ; stigma dark brown, the cord more indistinctly seamed with brown. Venation as in fig. I : Rs oblique, short and straight ; the deflection of /?.^.. arcuated, forming a J' with the end of the sector; R^ short and show- ing a tendency to atrophy ; basal deflection of R^^. lacking. Abdominal tergites 2 to 4 brown with a broad white basal blotch on the sides and a broad white blotch on either side beyond the middle, the extreme lateral margin of the sclerite narrowly blackish brown; apical tergites uniformly dark brown. Sternites dull yellow, the ovipositor reddish brown. Distribution. — British Guiana, Upper Potaro River. July 17, 191 1. (Crampton.) Specimen, a female, in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Brazil, Manaos (Mann). Specimen a female in the collection of Mr. C. W. Johnson. Tanypremna longissima Enderlein. 1912. Stegasmonotus loiigissimus Endcrlcin ; Zool. Jahrb., \ol. 32, pt. i, p. II, 12. 210 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. Female, length, 55 mm.; wing, 22.5 mm.; abdomen, 48.5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 11.5 mm. Middle leg, femur, 16 mm.; tibia, 18.5 mm.; tarsus /, 22 mm.; 2, 10.75 """"i- ; 5> 6 xwvci. Hind leg, femur, 19 mm.; tibia, 22 mm.; tarsus J, 20 mm.; 2, 10.5 mnL ; 5, 5.5 mm. Head whitish ; occiput for the most part blackish brown, vertex pale brownish. Prolongation of the frontal part of the head scarcely one-quarter as long as the remaining length of the head. Palpi greenish, the last segment greyish black. Antennae short (2.25 mm. long) very thin and delicate, 13-segmented, pale, the tips of the very slender flagellar segments grey, the last five flagellar segments entirely grey, basal segments greenish; at the end of each flagellar segment rather long fine hairs, somewhat verticillate. Forehead broad; tubercle lacking. Thorax gibbous, extending far forward and projecting over the head so that viewed from above nothing is to be seen of the latter. Thoracic dorsum dark brown, a broad seam in front; a narrower seam on the sides up to the wing-root yellowish white ; the dark brown color extends to the cephalic margin as a moderately broad stripe. Pra?scutum with a somewhat elevated blackish-brown median line. Scutum brown, very level. Postnotum long, brown, whitish yellow on the sides with an impressed crossline on the middle which forms an obtuse angle medially (concave in front) and from this angle sends out an impressed longitudinal line backward. Mcta- pleurse greyish brown. Prothorax greyish brown medially, whitish elsewhere. Abdomen extremely long and slender, dark brown above, ochre-yellow beneath, on tlic middle of the tergites one to three there is a sharp pale crossline, on tergites four to seven a light spot on each side of the middle ; eighth segment short, scarcely one and one- half times as long as broad; genital segment with the moderately elongated and rather powerful ovipositor reddish brown, polished, smooth, and 6 mm. long. Fore femora pale greyish green with a narrow brown ring before the tip. Middle legs blackish brown, the tibirc with a very broad white ring before the tip; almost the apical half of tarsal segments one and two white, the third tarsal segment entirely white, remaining segments broken. Hind femora reddish yellow, darker brown at the tip; tibi;e blackish brown with a broad ft Sept., 1914-] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 211 white ring before the end; tarsal segments one and two blackish brown with somewhat more than the apical half white; remaining tarsal segments white. Claws small, reddish brown. Halteres with the pedicel long, yellowish brown, the knob brown. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown. All veins on the apical quarter of the wings seamed with pale brown, all of the cross-veins and deflections of veins brown and more broadly seamed. R.^ very short and ends close to i?i (on the left wing R„ is quite lacking) ; Cu^ in punctiform con- tact with cell 1st M,; Rs short, not longer than R^^^. Membrane very smooth but with greenish reflections only at the tip. Distribution. — Brazil, Espiritu Santo. Translated from the original description. Tanypremna manicata Osten Sacken. 1887. Tanypremna manicata Osten Sacken; Bcrl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol ix, pt. 2, p. 240. 1902. Tanypremna manicata Kertesz ; Cat. Dipt., voL 2, p. 265. Yellowish brown, thoracic dorsum with three almost confluent brown stripes ; brown spots on the metanotum. Antennae pale yellow, darker towards the tip; halteres brownish yellow; abdomen yellowish brown (tip broken). Legs dark brown, but femora paler; a small white ring before the tip of the tibise ; three successive white rings at the end of tarsal joints one, two and three. Wings with a pale brownish tinge; stigma brown. Habitat. — Brazil (discoverer, Sellow) ; a single specimen in the Berlin Museum; sex uncertain, as the tip of the abdomen is broken off. The length, when the abdomen is entire, must be about 14 mm. The number of joints of the antennae is certainly more than eleven (this number I counted in T. opilio). The above is taken verbatim from Osten Sacken's original descrip- tion ; the type specimen seems to be the only one so far taken. Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken. 1886. Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken; Biok Cent. Anier., Dipt., vol. i, p. 19, pi. I, f. 2. 1887. Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken; Berk Ent. Zeitsch., \ok 30, pt. 2, p. 164. 1902. Tanypremna opilio Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., voL 2, p. 265. Male, length, 23.4 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; abdomen, 20.4 mm. Fore leg, femur, 12.8 mm.; tibia, 15.3 mm.; metatarsus, 24.2 mm. Hind leg, femur, 14.5 mm.; tibia, 15 mm. 212 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoLXXII. Female, length, 26.2 mm.; wing, 18.3 mm.; abdomen. 22.2 mm. Hind leg, femur, 13.9 mm.; tibia, 13.8 mm.; metatarsus, 18.7 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head yellow, the nasus long, clothed with dark hairs; the palpi and lips dark brown. Antennre with the basal segments yellow, flagellum black, antennae with thirteen seg- ments (not eleven as given by Osten Sacken). Head light yellow except a linear brown blotch on the vertex along the inner margin of each eye. Pronotal scutum brownish black, this color produced ventrad onto the propleurre and including the anterior face of the pro-coxa. Mesonotal prsescutum deep chocolate brown, darkest in front, with three very narrow darker lines, one median, the other two lateral. A vcllow patch on the sides of the sclerite in front, before the pscudo- sutural fovea ; a dark brownish black stripe begins at the pseudosuture and traverses the mesopleura?. ending on the anterior face of the mesocoxa, scutum, scutcllum and postnotum dark chocolate brown, the latter with a pale, narrow median line. Pleur?e light yellow with the vertical brown bands as described above; sides of the postnotum and the caudal face of the metacoxa? brownish black. Halteres very long, dull yellow, the knob brown. Legs with the coxae as described above, trochanters greenish yellow, femora brownish black, tibiae brownish black with the extreme base rather broadly white, tarsi white. Wings with a rather uniform light brown suffusion, stigma dark brown; the veins seamed with a light greyish brown. X^enation as in fig. 2. Abdominal tergites brown, the lateral margins of the sclerites rather broadly black which color runs across the dorsum as a sub- apical band ; extreme apices of the basal tergites paler ; the terminal tergites uniformly dark brown. Sternites dull yellow with an apical annulus of black and in the terminal segments a medial band also; the eighth segment black ; hypopygium reddish. Distribution. — Guatemala, Cacao, Alta, Vera Paz. April 23 (Schwarz and Barber), Purula. Vera Paz; altitude, 5.000 feet (Champion). Venezuela, Cariacpiito. Jan. 22. 191 1 (S. Brown). The specimen from Cacao is a female in the U. S. National Museum collection. The Purula specimen is Osten Sacken's type. The Venezuela material consists of a fine pair in the collection of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia. This is the only species concerning which we have any ecological Sept., I9I4-] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 213 data ; the note by Champion who collected the type, tell us that the insect lives in the humid forest regions of the mountains (5,000 feet). Tanypremna columbiana Enderlein. igi2. Pchlkca columbiana Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. i, p. IS, fig. B. Male, length, 27 mm. ; wing, 18.5 mm. Hind leg, femur, 15.75 mm.; tibia, 13 mm. Head yellow; ej^es very large, black, almost semicircular; occiput somewhat infumed. Front narrow, half as broad as the diameter of the eyes. Antennae very small and short, about 1.75 mm. long, dark brown, the basal segments yellow. Palpi black, the apical seg- ment with the exception of the base brownish yellow. Nasus long, pubescent at the end and somewhat propped. Thoracic dorsum dark brown, sternites, pleurae and cox?e bright brownish yellow ; humeral angles of the prsescutum bright brownish yellow ; a similar spot before the wing-base. Before this latter a rather broad brown band extends from the margin of the thoracic dorsum through the middle of the mesopleurse, ending on the meso- coxae which are thus infumed on their outer face. The sides of the prothorax brown, fore coxae browned on their outer face. Legs with the trochanters bright yellowish, hind femora dark brown, pale yellowish at the base; tibia; dark brown, the basal eighth yellowish white ; first tarsal segment black, the second yellowish white ; the re- maining segments as well as those of the fore and middle legs broken off. Abdomen long, brown, the tip somewhat enlarged and darkened, the incisures rather brightened. Halteres greyish black, pedicel very long, brownish yellow and with yellowish pubescence. Wings rather narrow at the base for a rather long space, very narrow ; bright brownish, a brown spot at the base of the radial fork, a rounded blackish brown spot at the stigma, the caudal veins of cell 1st M.., the basal deflection of Cu^ seamed with brown, the super- numerary cross-vein between M and Cu broadly seamed with brown ; proxima of the base of M a small hyaline spot. Membrane strongly red to green iridescent. Distribution. — Colombia, Hacienda Pehlkea. Translated from the original description. Enderlein's figure shows a typical Tanyprci)i>ia with the exception that the tip of R^ is omitted in the figure ; whether it is also lacking 214 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxii. in the type is another question but if such is the case its disappearance may be accounted for by atrophy. In any case there is a consider- able error in Enderlein's interpretation of the veins in the radial field of the wing; the vein labelled R^ should, of course, be i?„ the part spoken of as the radial cross-vein is the basal deflection of /?, and the part called R..,^ is R., alone. The wing is shown in fig. 3. taken from Enderlein's original description of the species. Tanypremna regina new species. Large species, wing of the male, 22 mm. ; wing heavily marked with brown; supernumerary cross-veins in the basal cells of the wing; tibise white at the base. Male, length, 28.2 mm. ; wing, 22 mm. ; abdomen, 23.5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 12.7 mm. Hind leg, femur, 15.7 mm.; tibia, 15. i mm.; metatarsus, 24.8 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head very short, the nasus long and slender, dark brown ; sides of the rostrum more yellowish ; palpi dark brownish black. Antennae with the two basal segments light yellow, the flagellum broken. Front light sulphur-yellow ; vertex and occiput dark brown, paler along the inner margin of the eyes and with a narrow median line. Pronotum with the scutum narrow and high, projecting dorsad as a sharp collar, the scutum dark brown, remainder o-f the pronotum yellow. Meso- notal praescutum light yellowish brown with four darker brown stripes, the middle pair being longest, narrowed in front and behind, very dark brownish black on the extreme cephalic margin ; lateral stripes shorter, beginning at the pseudosutural foveae and running caudad to the suture, connected with the middle stripes except behind ; scutum and scutellum broken ; postnotum dark brown, more yellowish medially behind. Pleurae yellowish with a green caste, a small o\al brownish black spot behind the head at the end of the pronotal scutum ; a broader dark brown mark running from the base of the wing ven- trad to the base of the mesocoxa whose posterior face it suffuses. Halteres long, slender, green in color. Legs with the coxje light brownish yellow except the dark mark on the mesocoxa described above ; trochanters greenish ; femora brownish yellow, the tip broadly dark brown; tibiae (only the posterior pair remaining) with the extreme base white and having a decided green caste, remainder of the tibiae dark brown ; the first tarsal segment pale, almost whitish, basally soon darkening to a light brown that includes the remainder of the tarsi. Wings subhyaline in the radial and medial cells, cell C brighter, more yellowish, the anal cells greyish brown, a row of brown blotches in cells R and Af, each one surrounding the spur of a cross-vein, there being about five in cell R and three in cell M ; the cord is seamed with darker brown as are also most of the veins and deflections of veins; stigmal spot a little darker brown. Venation as in figure 4 ; the presence of a supernumerary cross-vein in the basal cells is a feature that, in this subfamily of crane- flics, occurs only in the Dolichopezini ; the numerous spurs of cross-veins in the basal cells is a very remarkable feature. I Sept., 1914-] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 215 Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the apex of each segment narrowly paler, greenish white, the apical tergites darker brown ; lateral margin of the tergites narrowly dark brown. Sternites light yellow, the extreme apices of the sternites darker, the apical sternites uniformly darker brown. Distribution. — Colombia, Cordillera Central. Holotype, female, near La Vega which is about 12 miles north of Almaguer, March 6, 1912, at an altitude of about 7,000 feet. (John Thomas Lloyd, coll.) This species is part of the Lloyd collection of Andean insects; the craneflies of this collection have been discussed in an earlier paper (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 21, Sept., 1913). This specimen was not included in that article because it was in papers with butterflies and so was overlooked until very recently. There can be but little doubt but that this fly is quite greenish in its living state as shown by the presence of decided green tints on the halteres, legs and thorax. Other species of this genus suggest this same condition to a much less degree. This form is by far the most beautiful of all the species described and it is believed that the specific name is not inappropriate. The presence of the numerous spurs of veins in the basal cells of the wings is quite remarkable. Since these spurs are surrounded by dark markings in every case, I believe these remnants to be constant or nearly so, and Dr. Needham and Dr. Johannsen who examined the wing, are of the same opinion. This presence of a dark marking about a vein or spur seems at first glance to be a trivial character but it is my belief that it is a character upon which considerable stress must be laid, — that is, that dark mark- ings when present on a wing nearly always surround veins and the presence of a brown blotch in a cell may well indicate the position once occupied by a vein. MEGISTOCERA Wiedemann. 1S21. Mackistocera Wiedemann; Dipt. Exot., p. 41'. 1828. Megistocera Wiedemann; Aussereur, zweifl. Ins., vol. i, p. 55. The genus Megistocera contains a small restricted group of flies having a tropicopolitan distribution. There are about three species in the Old World and these are remarkable in the possession of enor- mously elongated antennae in the male sex so far as known ; the single New World form has short antennae in both sexes. 216 Journal New York Entomological Society. t\'°i- >^xil- Characters of the Genus. Frontal prolongation of the head rather long, the nasus prominent, with a bunch of long hairs at the tip. Terminal segment of the palpus elongate, whiplash-like. Antennjc rather long, at least as long as the head, the scapal segments enlarged, the flagellar segments six in number, elongate-cylindrical ; in the New World species the antennae are about as long as the head, in the males of the Old World forms (this sex of M. bicauda Speiser of Africa not yet described) the antennae are enormously elongated. Eyes w'ith delicate omma- tidia ; the vertex rather approximated between the eyes. Pronotum not produced dorsad into a narrow plate as in Taiiy- prcmna. Mesonotal prsescutum not exceedingly gibbous or projecting over the head. Halteres rather long, the knob small. Legs very long and slender, especially the tarsi. Wings with the cross-vein m-cii present and long; basal deflection of R„^^ assuming a position that is nearly vertical or perpendicular. The Old World fuscaua Wiede- mann has a venation that is quite similar to that of our American form except that the cell ist M.^ is much smaller and cell 2iid A very much broader. .-\bdomen rather short, the male hypopygium simple; the valves of the ovipositor powerful, the lower valve arcuated basally, the lower valves appressed against the upper pair. Megistocera longipennis Macquart. 1S3.S. Tipula longipennis Macquart; Dipt. Exot., vol. i. pt. i, p. 57, pi. 5, fig- I- 1878. ?Longiirio longipennis Ostcn Sackcn ; Cat. Dipt. X. Am., Ed. 2, p. 37- 1885. Tipula longipennis Roder ; Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 46, p. 338. 1885. Tipula tenuis v. d. Wulp ; Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 7, p. 7. 1885. Tipula tenuis v. d. Wulp ; Tijdschr. \oor Entoni., \ol. — . p. 85, pi. 4, fig. — . 1886. Megistocera longipennis Ostcn SacUcn : Berl. Ent. Zcit.. vol. 30, p. 161. 1902. Megistocera longipennis Kertesz ; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 264. 1902. Tipula tenuis Kertesz; 1. c, p. 309. 1907. ^Megistocera tenuis Needham ; Rept. Soc. Ent. N. Y., p. 212. 1909. Megistocera longipennis Johnson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 34. P- 123. Male, length, 10 nun.; wing, 15.6 mm. Middle leg, femur, 11.2 nun.; tibia, 10.6 mm.; metatarsus about 26 mm. Sept., I9I4-] Alexander: Tanypremna and Megistocera. 217 Female, length, 14.3 to 15 mm.; wing, 16 to 16.4 mm. Fore leg, femur, j.y mm.; tibia, 8.6 mm.; metatarsus, 8.1 mm. Middle leg, femur, 11.5 mm.; tibia, 10.6 mm.; metatarsus, about 24 mm. Hind leg, femur, 10.5 mm. ; tibia, 8.8 mm. ; metatarsus, about 25 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head short, light brown, the nasus pale with the apical brush of hairs dark, palpi black. Antennae with the basal segments light yellow, the flagellar segments brownish black. Front dull yellowish brown, the vertex and occiput grey. Mesonotum brownish grey, the lateral margin of the prsescutum paler grey bordered interiorly by a narrow blackish line which is waved at the pseudosuture ; scutum brownish grey with a brown blotch on each lobe ; scutellum pale brown, on the sides dark brown and more shiny ; postnotum light brown, more fuscous laterally. Pleurae pale yellowish brown with a whitish bloom; a rounded shiny black spot at the dorso-cephalic angle of the mesoepisternum. Halteres pale brown, the knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae pale, the outer faces somewhat browned. Wings whitish, veins brown; stigma conspicuous, oval, brown. Venation as in fig. 5. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the extreme lateral margins broadly pale, the dorsum variegated with paler, the basal segments being paler medially, the apical four or five segments with the pale spots in two rows one on either side of the middle line; sternites pale. Distribution. — Florida, Lake Okeechobee ; report by Mr. C W. Johnson from the Mus. Com. Zool., I have examined this same speci- men on two different occasions and there can be no doubt as to the identity. Little River; Nov. 30, 1912, one male found in a spider's web by Mr. Knab. Cuba, Macquart's type. Porto Rico (Roder), Trinidad, June 13. Two males, three females, taken by August Busck; U. S. National Museum. British Guiana, Bartica, Dec. 5, 1912 to Jan. 18, 1913. Mallali on the Demerara R., Mar. 20, 1913 (Parish) ; collection of the author. Dutch Guiana, Van der Wulp's type of tenuis. Brazil, female from Ceara in Museu Rocha. Para- guay, Piedro Bay. April, H. H. Smith, collector; part of the Willis- ton collection in the American INIuseum of Natural History in New York City. h 218 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxii. Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 EXPLAN.\TI0N OF PlATE V. Wing of Tanypremna loiigipes Fabricius. Wing of Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken. Wing of Tanypremna colunibiana Enderlein (after Enderlein). Wing of Tanypremna regiiia n. sp. Wing of Megisiocera longipennis Macquart. NEW BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS (HYM.) FROM UNITED STATES, GUATEMALA AND ECUADOR.! By ]\Iarion Durbin Ellis, Boulder, Colorado. Below are presented the descriptions of six new bees belonging to the genus Halictns (CJiloralictits). Two of these species, one from Wisconsin and one from New Mexico have the abdomen amber yellow and show no close affinities with the remaining four from tropical America. These last four species together with H. cxiguus Smith and H. deceptor Ellis, have several characters in common and seem to be closely related. They show more or less distinct resemblance to the species related to H. cephyrus Smith, a common form in the United States. Among the species most like H. zcphyriis is H. umbri- pennis Ellis, found in Guatemala. This species is however a very distinctive form of a uniform olive color with fuscous clouded wings and is not to be confused with the six much smaller species here considered. These six bees arc all small being 5 mm. or less in length; all except H. deceptor have the facial quadrangle almost, if not quite, as broad as long; in each the punctures of the mesonotum are more crowded about the parapsidial grooves than elsewhere, the basal area of the metathorax is without a rim truncating the lateral plicae, the wings are brownish and the abdomen is very shiny, especially 1 The specimens upon which these descrii)tions are based are part of the collections of Professor T. D. A. Cockercll. I wish to thank Professor Cock- erell for help and direction in the present study, undertaken in the zoological laboratory at the University of Colorado. Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. xxn. PI. V Tipulidc^. Sept., 1914-1 Ellis: New Bees of Genus Halictus. 219 the disc of the first segment which is often quite impunctate. These species may be separated from one another by the following key : a. Punctures of the mesonotum very fine and widely scattered in the broad area on either side of the median groove. b. Hind legs and tarsi of the other legs light brown ; abdomen dark brown, the margins of the segments testaceous; clypeus short, extending very little below the eyes ; tegulse and stigma testaceous ; margin of the basal area of the metathorax not elevated near the middle. H. exiguus Smith. bb. Legs dark brown or black, tarsi sometimes lighter; abdomen piceous, the broad margins of the segments not testaceous. c. Clypeus somewhat produced, about one-half its length extending below the eyes ; tegulas almost colorless testaceous ; stigma light yellowish brown; tarsi rufo-testaceous H. tropicior n. sp. cc. At least two thirds of the clypeus produced below the eyes ; stigma and tegulce dark brown H. exigiiiformis n. sp. aa. Punctures of the mesonotum quite close and coarse (i. e., as compared with other small bees). d. Head and thorax blue-green ; stigma and tegulse very dark brown. e. Posterior margin of the basal area of the metathorax not elevated ; facial quadrangle longer than broad ; abdomen shiny black. H. deccptor Ellis. ee. Basal area of the metathorax narrow, the outer margin very slightly elevated on either side of middle; facial quadrangle as broad as long ; clypeus rather narrow, produced almost its entire length below the eyes ; abdomen black with dark me- tallic green reflections H. hypochlorus n. sp. dd. Mesonotum bright golden green, head and remainder of the thorax olive green ; stigma and tegulae yellowish testaceous ; posterior margin of the basal area of the metathorax very slightly elevated on either side of the middle ; facial quadrangle a little broader than long, clypeus produced for about half its length below the eyes ; abdomen dark brown with faint olive green reflections. H. chrysonotus n. sp. Halictus tropicior new species. Female s mm. or a little more. Head and thorax dark metallic green, abdomen dark brown, the broad margins of the segments shading to somewhat lighter brown near the edge. Facial quadrangle almost as broad as long, nar- rower below, very closely punctured except on the clypeus and the supra- clypeal area, clypeus blackish and shiny with a few coarse punctures, supra- clypeal area very dark green with some slight coppery reflections, faintly lineo- late and with a few rather fine punctures ; flagellum, especially the under side, yellowish near the tip ; mesonotum shiny, the punctures very fine and scat- tered, more crowded about the parapsidial groove ; disc of the metathorax 220 Journal New York Entomological Society. I^'o'- ^>^n. without a rim ; lateral areas of the metathorax bulging a little beyond the margin of the basal area, basal area sharply lineolate and with a few simple but rather strong plicae, margin of the basal area shiny, slightly elevated across the middle ; wings pale brownish, stigma and nervures light brown, costal ner- vure darker ; tegulae testaceous, appearing almost colorless ; legs blackish, the knees and tarsi clear red brown ; abdomen broad and shiny, the disc of the first segment very finely lineolate but with only very minute punctures, the other segments finely but coarsely punctured ; pubescence very scant, buffy on the legs, pale yellowish around the anal rima. Habitat. — Quirigua, Guatemala. I (= type), at flowers of Ipomcca qninquefoUa Griseb. February 20, 1912 (Mrs. W. P. Cockerell). The paucity of pubescence may be correlated with the age of the specimen as indicated by the somewhat tattered and worn condition of the wings. Halictus exiguiformis new species. Female 5 mm. Head and thorax dark metallic green, abdomen piceous, the broad margins of the segments dark brown. Facial quadrangle almost as broad as long, almost the entire length of the clypeus produced below the eyes, the lateral area of the face sharply lineolate but not so closely punctured as in H. tropicior Ellis ; supraclypeal area sharply lineolate, with fine scattered punctures, clypeus, except for a narrow black margin, green like the rest of the head ; flagellum lighter below ; mesonotum finely lineolate, the punctures fine and widely scattered on either side of the median groove, crowded on either side of the parapsidial grooves and along the posterior margin of the segment ; metathorax short and rather narrow, no rim around the disc, basal area lineolate, with a few short simple plies, the posterior margin not at all elevated; tegulse dark brown; wings distinctly brownish, nervures and stigma dark brown ; legs piceous, shading to reddish brown on the tarsi ; abdomen shiny, the disc of the first segment almost impunctate, disc of the following segments with very fine punctures ; pubescence scant, pale grayish buff on the sides of the abdomen, around the anal rima, on tlu> nu-sonotum and on the legs, more grayish below. Habitat. — Guayaquil, Ecuador. i (=rtype) (von Buchwald, Alfken collection number 23). Halictus hypochlorus new species. Female 5 mm. Head and thorax dark metallic green, more or less shiny ; abdomen blackish with dark metallic green reflections. Facial quadrangle about as wide as long, clypeus produced half its length below the eyes, lateral areas of the face and supraclypeal area rather shiny ; mesonotum not siiarply lineolate, a little shiny but ratlur coarsely and \cry closely imncturtd, the I Sept., I9I4-] Ellis: New Bees of Genus Halictus. 221 punctures less crowded on either side of the median groove ; disc of the meta- thorax without a rim, basal area coarsely lineolate and with numerous short simple plicae, concave in the middle, the posterior margin broad, rounded and shiny, elevated near the middle but not forming a rim truncating the most lateral of the plicje ; tegulse dark testaceous ; wings slightly brownish and dusky, stigma and nervures brown ; legs black, knees and tarsi of the last two pairs of legs light brown ; abdomen very shiny, disc of the first segment im- punctate, margins not lighter than the rest of the segments ; pubescence scant, pale yellowish gray on the legs where it is most abundant. Habitat. — Guayaquil, Ecuador, i (^type) May-June, 1913 (C. T. Brues). Halictus chrysonotus new species. Female 5 mm. Head and thorax dark metallic green, mesonotum golden green, abdomen very dark brown to almost piceous, with distinct olive green reflections : facial quadrangle almost if not quite as broad as long, clypeus rather narrow at its base, produced half its length below the eyes, lateral areas and the supraclypeal area sharply lineolate; distal two-thirds of the flagellum ochraceous ; mesonotum rather broad, closely and rather coarsely punctured, the punctures more crowded about the parapsidial grooves than elsewhere, sharply but finely lineolate ; scutellum more shiny than the mesonotum, the punctures finer, less distinct and not so close ; disc of the metathorax without a rim, the basal area sharply narrowed on the sides, forming a truncated tri- angle with rather sharp rugose plies radiating from the basal margin of the segment, the outer margin of the basal area very slightly elevated on either side of the middle ; wings a little brownish, tegulae and stigma bright testa- ceous, nervures dark brown ; legs black, knees and tarsi bright brown, inner spine of the hind tibia with but three teeth, the first almost half as long as the spine, rounded at the free end and almost cylindrical ; abdomen very shiny, the disc of the first segment almost impunctate, very dark brown shading into red brown on the broad margins of the segments, the whole with elusive olive green reflections ; pubescence scant, light brownish on the legs, grayish below. Habitat. — Guayaquil, Ecuador, i (=type), May-June, 1913 (C. T. Brues). Halictus graenicheri2 new species. Female 5 to 5.5 mm. Head and thorax olive green; abdomen clear, red- dish amber-color, without darker clouds or markings ; margins of the segments pale testaceous. Facial quadrangle a little longer than wide, but not elongate, perceptibly narrowed below; distal half of the clypeus black; hair on the lat- eral areas of the face rather abundant and of a dirty white color; mesonotum sharply lineolate, with moderately coarse, sharp, close punctures ; no rim around the truncation of the metathorax ; basal area of the metathorax rather broad and quite concave, its distal margin elevated across the middle so as to 2 Dr. S. Graenicher, Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 222 Journal New ^'oRK Entomological Society, t^'o^- >^^^l- form a short, narrow rim which does not truncate the lateral plicae ; rugae rather strong ; tcgulae testaceous ; wings hyaline, stigma pale, nervures dark testaceous; legs dark brown, tarsi and knees a little lighter, reddish to dark testaceous ; abdomen somewhat shiny, all of the segments except the first with rather abundant, short, buffy pubescence ; pubescence on the legs somewhat darker and more abundant, and that on the sides of the thorax paler and longer. This species is quite similar to H. nytnpJialis Smith from Florida, from which it is separated by the fuscous bands on the abdomen and the finer punctures on the mesonotum of H. nymphalis. H. graeuicheri also resembles H. tcsfaccus Robertson which however lacks the short rim across the basal area of the metathorax. This partial rim suggests the three species H. clematisellus Cockerell, H. mesillcnsis Cockerell and H. vicrccki Crawford, which also have yellow abdomens. These species may be distinguished by their abun- dant pubescence, which is snow white in the first two and golden yellow in the latter. Habitat. — Genoa, Vernon County, Wisconsin, i (=type) and i cotype, July 13, 191 1 (Graenicher, Nos. 52738 and 53067). Halictus clarissimus new species. Female 5 mm. Head 'and thorax rather light, somewhat greenish blue ; abdomen clear amber yellow, darker at the apex, the margins of the segments yellow. Facial quadrangle about as broad as long, narrowed below ; eniar- gination of the eye rather deeper than in most species of this genus ; clypeus short, not extending below the eye ; clypeus and lateral areas of the face with rather abundant white pubescence ; flagellum reddish brown near the tip ; mesonotum shiny, the punctures very fine and scattered in the middle, more crowded around and at the anterior end of the parapsidial grooves ; wings clear, hyaline ; tegulae, stigma and nervures, except the costal, pale honey color ; legs reddish brown, knees and tarsi, except the terminal joint, testaceous; disc of the metathorax without a rim ; lateral areas of the metathorax full and shiny, the basal area roughened, its plica; rather numerous, those in the middle more or less rugose, the lateral ones straight and extending onto the lateral areas; margin of the basal area of the metathorax rounded, shiny and elevated across the middle; abdomen rather shiny but with numerous, very fine, shallow punctures; pubescence thin and whitish, rather uniformly dis- tributed over the abdomen and the sides of the thorax. This species is placed in a group with H. zcphyrus Smith although the sculpture of the basal area of the metathorax is not in strict accord with this grouping. H. clarissimus resembles H. pallidcllus Ellis more than any other species. The short clypeus and broad facial Sept., I9I4-] Dyar: New York Slug-Caterpillars. 223 quadrangle distinguish it from all of the species with yellow abdomen except H. kuntzci Cockerell which has a green, not blue, head and thorax, and has the facial quadrangle as broad below as above and the eyes scarcely if at all emarginate. Habitat. — Eddy, New Mexico, i (=type) from flowers of MaU vastrum, April 13 (Cockerell). I THE LIFE HISTORIES OF THE NEW YORK SLUG-CATERPILLARS.— XX. By Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C. The series of papers published in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, under this title, which ceased in 1899, was subsequently continued in 1907 by an account of an additional species, then just worked out. The species which will be now discussed has not been studied from New York material and there are no actual records of the species occurring in the state, yet the probability is that it does so occur, at least occasionally. In 1883 it was taken in Morris Plains, New Jersey, this year having been apparently a specially favorable one for slug-caterpillars, as I remember that PJiobctron pitlicciiim was remarkably common that year in New York. Again, Isochactcs hcntcnuiHcllcri, with a typically southern distribu- tion, was taken on Staten Island in 1901 by Mr. Joutel. With these records, therefore, I am inclined to list Monolcuca semifascia, here discussed, as one of the New York slug-caterpillars. I have been attempting to obtain this larva for the past fifteen years. My first trips to Morris Plains, N. J., in 1898 and 1899, were unsuccessful, as were three subsequent ones to Tryon, North Caro- lina, where Mr. Fiske had taken adults. In these trips it was sought to find larvce, and the lack of success led me to suspect some unusual habit or food plant. However, such does not seem to be the case. T simply missed finding the larvae. On the fourth trip to Tryon, N. C, in 1911, with the light tent described by Mr. H. S. Barber (Proc. 224 Journal Xew York E^'TO^^OLOGICAL Society, t^'o'- ^-"^^l- Ent. Soc, Wash., XIII, 72, 191 1), I took a female adult. This de- posited eggs and the larv?e fed normally upon smooth-leaved trees. I am under obligations to Dr. L. O. Howard for facilitating my last trip to Tyron. Monoleuca semifascia Walker. 1855. Limacodes semifascia Walker; Cat. Lop. Brit. Mus., v, 1151. 1869. Monoleuca semifascia Grotc and Robinson; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, ii, 187, pi. 2, fig. 63. 1883. Monoleuca semifascia H. Edwards; Papilio, iii, 25. 1891. Monoleuca semifascia Dyar ; Ent. News, ii, 62, pi. 4, fig. 20. 1892. Monoleuca semifascia Kirby ; Cat. Lep. Het., i, 548, 927. 1894. Monoleuca semifascia Neumoegen and Dyar; Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. Soc, ii, 69. 1898. Monoleuca semifascia Dyar; Proc Ent. Soc. Wash., iv, 302. 1899. Monoleuca semifascia Dyar; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vii, 235. 1903. Monoleuca semifascia Dyar; Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 355. 1905. Monoleuca semifascia Dyar; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 370. 1906. Monoleuca sonifascia Dyar; Riol. Stud, by pupils of W. T. Sedg- wick, II. Larva. 191 1. Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xiii, 210. Special Structural Characters. Dorsal and lateral spaces broad, subventral space narrow, con- tracted; ridges very slight, the lateral the most distinct, approximate to the subventral. Fleshy horn-like processes at first equal, later the terminal ones elongate, the others short : in stage I bearing three setae each, after first molt the subdorsal and lateral rows covered with numerous urticating spines; subventral row rudimentary. The subdorsal horns are long on joints 3 and 13, short and equal on the rest: lateral horn long on joint 3, short on the rest, no lateral horn on joint 5j the spiracle moved up in its place. Depressed areas feebly developed, usually only the glandular centers visible and only those of the centers of the dorsal and lateral spaces visible. Skin at first smooth, finally with rather dense colorless granules. Caltrope patches appear on the lateral horns about stage VIT and are well developed in the last stage, when four patches of dense spines appear above the subdorsal horns of joint 13 and lateral of 12 on each side. The eggs are elliptical, flattened, but of thickness equal to half of the narrow diameter, laid in masses and covered with hair-like fila- ments from the parent moth. Sept., I9I4-] Dyar: New York Slug-Caterpillars. 225 Affinities, Habits, Etc. The larva belongs to the " tropic spined Eucleids " section 2, type 3 of my synopsis (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VII, 236), nearly allied to Adoneta, Euclea and Sihinc. The spine-patches are present as in these genera, both the caltrope spines of the lateral horns and the terminal patches of Euclea and Sihine. The coloration is a rather subdued warning color, more conspicuous than in Euclea but less so than in Parasa indetermina, to which it is more nearly allied in pattern. An unexpected modification is seen in the length of the horns, which are all equal, not irregularly shortened, as in the genera cited. This might appear at first sight a character of generalization, allying the species to lower forms such as Natada and Sisyrosca, but this relationship is negatived by the structures above cited and the equality of the horns is undoubtedly secondarily acquired. But by far the most remarkable character is that of the eggs. These are typically those of the Megalopygidse and not those of the family Cochlidiidse at all. All our other Cochlidiid^e have flat, trans- parent, wafer-like eggs, similar to but flatter than those of the Tor- tricidae. The Megalopygidse, however, have eggs of appreciable thick- ness covered with hairs, exactly like those of Monolenca. The Megalopygidae are evolutionally a much lower group, from which the Cochlidiidse may be directly derived. The Megalopygid type of tgg has been supposedly already replaced by the new type in the original ancestor of the Cochlidiidse, and its sudden reappearance in one species of Cochlidiidse high on a specialized branch of the genealogical tree is certainly surprising. Very little is known about the life history of Monolcnca semi- fascia. I have never seen a larva in nature, and the late Dr. Riley, who appears to have been the only person known to have seen one, failed to record the food plant on which it was sent to him.^ My larvse fed readily on nearly every leaf offered them and were mostly bred on wild cherry and persimmon. It is presumable that the larvas are semi-gregarious when young, scattering when older, much as with Sibine, and that they will feed on many bushes or low-growing trees with smooth leaves. There is but one brood a year, the adults emerg- ing from overwintering cocoons about the middle of July, the larvae 1 Very recently a specimen has been received from Rosharon, Texas, bred from pecan by Mr. G. W. Coles. 226 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o^- xxii. growing slowly and maturing in September. The cocoons are prob- ably spun in crevices on the ground, possibly in bark, as they are rather weak in structure and not adapted to be formed among leaves or loose earth. The distribution of the species appears to be from New York as northern limit southward to the Gulf of Mexico. Recorded localities are New Jersey, West Virginia, North Carolina, Missouri and Texas. The other three described species of Monolcnca are all known only from central Florida. Criticism of Previous Descriptions. No description of the larva was extant, but recently in looking over the notes at the Bureau of Entomology, Department of Agri- culture, I found a description by Dr. Riley, which I had published in the Proceedings of the Washington Society. Dr. Riley's description is excellent for one of its brevity. He did not fail to note the obvious relation of the larva to that of Eiiclea delphinii. The even more obvious relation to Parasa indetcrmina is not mentioned; but I think that larva was unknown to Dr. Riley, at least with its identification complete. Description of the Several Stages in Detail. Egg. — Elliptical, gently flattened, uniform, shining pale yellow. Size .8 X -6 X -3 "mi- Laid in patches of 20 or more, the eggs well spaced, separated from each other by nearly the (liamctor of an egg and covered loosely with short, stiff, white hairs that do not conceal the eggs but stand up loosely some .5 mm. Surface rather coarsely flatly hexagonally marked, without lines. The hair covering is com- posed chiefly of short white hairs, pointed at both ends, straight or slightly bent at one end. Stage I. — Head rounded, pale yellow, with large black coelli and projecting mouth. Thoracic feet small, pointed, normal, pale yellow. Body short, thick, rounded, normal, with two rows of short conical tubercles with three seta; from each. All pale yellow. The larva is more elongate when walking. Sides perpendicular, dorsum broad, slightly depressed centrally. The tubercles form 11 horns in the upper row, 9 in the lower, each with three rather long, fine, pale hairs with minutely bulbous tips. Later the body is yellow, the horns white. Sept., I9I4-1 Dyar: New York Slug-Caterpillars. 227 the subdorsal set?e black. Length, i.i mm. Duration of the stage, one day. The larva does not feed. Stage II. — Elongate, the ends rounded, dorsum flattened, sides oblique, subventral space retracted; subdorsal and lateral ridges rather prominent, the horns subspherical, all alike, bearing many stinging spines ; some soft hairs anteriorly and from the lateral warts ; pale yellow, the tips of the spines only black. Later a brown infiltra- tion between the horns, especially on the anterior end. This end is a little higher, the body sloping posteriorly. Length .9 to 1.8 mm. The larva often sits with the body curved like Adoncta. Duration of the stage 6 days. Stage III. — Sides parallel, the ends rounded, flattened; dorsal and lateral spaces rather narrow; horns rounded, subspherical, moderately large, those of subdorsal row on joints 3 and 4 a little larger, also the lateral horn on joint 4 slightly enlarg-ed; horns and subventer yellow, the horns with dense short spines, their tips black, especially on the subdorsals. Dorsum and lateral space infiltrated with dark red. The body arches a little behind, flat before. Later the red infiltration concentrates along the subdorsal ridge and on joints 3 and 4, but is still diffuse. Length, 1.7 to 2.5 mm. Duration of the stage 6 days. Stage IV. — Moderately flattened, sitting curved often ; rather long, the posterior end a little depressed, sides parallel; dorsal and lateral spaces subequal, subventral space retracted. Horns sub- spherical, the subdorsals of joint 3 a little pointed; spines numerous but short and weak. Pale yellow ; a narrow dorsal red line and some dull red in a band under the subdorsal ridge; joints 3 and 4 all infiltrated with red dorsally. Dorsal depressed spaces (i) show- plainly as pale dots defined by the red color. The red band under the subdorsal ridge really occupies the lateral space nearly entirely and defines the lateral depressed spaces (4), which are' pale and cut into the red band. Later the dorsum becomes all gradually in- filtrated with reddish. Length, 2.5 to 3.8 mm. Duration of the stage, 6 days. Stage V. — Rather strongly flattened, but thicker than Euclea, the sides parallel except posteriorly, rounded anteriorly; subventral area rather prominently rounded, bulging. Horns short, equal, large, the spines contiguous, but moderate and not darkly colored; subdorsals of joints 3 and 13 a little larger than the others. Dull yellow, the horns 228 TouRNAi. Xew York Entomological Society. t^"°'- >^>^ii- with a trace of vermillion within, under a lens; dorsal space filled with dark red-hrown, of which a straight dorsal line is most distinct, the glandular depressed spaces (i) appearing as large pale yellow dots; outline of the dorsal space a waved line, the expansions between the horns; upper half of lateral space dark red-brown, the edges a little heavier and the centers shining slight pale spaces; region below dull yellow, the row of lateral horns contrasting by its slightly lighter shade. Horns strongly tubercular, the spines numerous, long and black-tipped, but fine and inconspicuous. Later the vermillion in the horns becomes more distinct, but the general effect is dull rusty brown. The dark brown breaks through the subdorsal ridge between the horns of joints 3 and 4 broadly and between 12 and 13 narrowly. A narrow black line appears above the lateral horns. Length, 3.8 to 6 mm. Duration of the stage, 6 days. Stage \l. — Elongate, the ends rather rounded, dorsal and lateral spaces moderate, subequal, subventcr retracted. Horns all subequal, the subdorsals of joints 3 and 13 a little longer, also the lateral of joint 3 longer and conical, the others subspherical. Dorsum purple with elongate white patches on depressed spaces (i), dividing into straight dorsal and wavy subdorsal purple lines; subdorsal ridge pale yellow with central vermilion line, the horns vermilion tinted; horns of joint 3 brownish red. Lateral space with pale patches over de- pressed spaces (4), pale yellow below, leaving a purple line above which is waved, and a central one which is straight; a livid purple wavy line on each side of the subdorsal ridge; joints 3 and 4 solidly purple shaded in the interspaces. Impressed glandular dots visible in dorsal space. Skin rather densely granular shagreened. Length, 6 to 8.5 nmi. Duration of the stage 6 days. Stage Vn. — Elongate elliptical, dorsum gently arched, moderately broad, sides oblique, subventer retracted. Horns of joint 3 and tht; subdorsals of 13 slender, conical, rather long and dark vinous, the others rounded, subspherical. vermilion, in a slender vermilion line on the ridge. Surface pale opaque yellowish ; dorsal and lateral spaces with three ])ur])lc brown lines, the center one straight, the side linc^ waved; two similar lines in lateral space. Horns well spined (i) and (4) glandular dots darkish. Skin granular shagreened. Clear spaces on the upper sides of all the lateral horns with a few caltropcs. the spaces above the subdorsal of 13 and lateral of 12 largest and Sept., ipul Webster-Stoner : Calocoris rapidus. 229 without caltropes. Length 8.5 to 13 mm. Duration of the stage 6 days. Stage VIII. — Elongate elliptical, dorsum gently arched, moderately broad, sides oblique, subventer retracted. Patches of black spines present above the long subdorsal horn of joint 13 and the short lateral one of joint 12; caltrope patches at the bases of the lateral horns on joints 6 to 11. Joint 3 stained with purple, its horns long, tapered and vinous purple. Subdorsal and lateral ridges vermilion lined, the rounded horns short and equal. Dorsum pale pink, the three lines nearly black, the middle one straight, the side lines waved ; glandular spots (i) dark with raised granular edges; a yellowish border to the subdorsal ridge. Sides less pinkish, the central line broken and wavy, rather purplish than black, the upper and lower lines black, the upper well waved, the lower less so. Subventer carneous with two blackish lines, the subventral edge reddish. The long subdorsal horn of joint 13 is purplish as also the laterals of 4 and 6 slightly. Skin rather densely clear granular. Spines on the horns white with black tips. Length 13 to 17 mm. Duration of the stage 3 days (in hot weather). THE EGGS AND NYMPHAL STAGES OF THE DUSKY LEAF BUG CALOCORIS RAPIDUS SAY. Bv R. L. Webster and Dayton Stoner. Ames, Iowa. In the course of some work on potato insects, being carried on ac the Iowa Experiment Station, a few notes were accumulated on the dusky leaf bug, Calocoris rapid}is Say, which occurred rather abun- dantly on potato plants at Ames in 1913. The egg, which had not been previously observed, was found, and descriptions of the five nymphal stages were prepared. These notes are from the files of the entomological section of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station at Ames. 230 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- xxii. Injury to Potatoes. During July, 19 13, these insects were fairly common in potato fields in company with the tarnished plant bug, Lygus pratcnsis Linne, but no special attention had been given either insect. July 18, when the writers were collecting in a small potato patch, it was noticed that certain plants were wilted down at the growing tips. Frequently one or more nymphs or adults of Calocoris rapidus were associated with this injury, found with the beaks inserted in the partially withered stems. In order to verify the assumption that the wilting was caused by this insect 25 adults were placed on a healthy potato plant in the insectary July 19. Two days later the same characteristic injury was noted on these plants ; the wilting down of the more tender leaves where the insects preferred to feed. Other similar insectary experi- ments showed without doubt the nature of the injury to potato. Although the insect seems never to have been recorded as feeding on potatoes, it was abundant enough to attract attention in this in- stance. However, it may hardly be considered as more than of secondary importance. Life History Notes. Since observations on the insect did not begin until late in July, the following notes concern only the late summer and early fall. Unless otherwise indicated observations were made on potato plants. The adults were found most abundant during July. On August 6 adults were still common, but many nymphs were also present, most of which appeared to be past the second nymphal stage. In a note by Mr. Stoner under date of August 8 adults are recorded as being less common. Dissection of several females collected on this date, however, revealed the fact that eggs were still present in the oviduct, in advanced stages of development, probably still being deposited. Mr. Stoner found 8, 15 and 17 eggs in three females dissected. August 15 nymphs were abundant, much more so tlian the adults. Stage V was most common. In the insectary stage I nymphs were then present and eggs were still hatching. On August 20 conditions were practically the same. In September adults became more common, although the older Sept., 1914.] Webster-Stoner : Calocoris rapidus. 231 nymphs were present in some numbers. October i adults were common on some cabbage plants and one nymph was found on that date. From these notes it is evident that a new generation appears in late July and early August, maturing during September. The winter is evidently spent in the adult stage. There are probably two generations in this latitude, as Forbes has suggested. These observations, then, deal with the second generation, and the adults of the first late in July. The Egg. Adults confined in insectary cages readily deposited eggs in potato stalks. Usually these were placed in the tissue at the junction of the smaller stems with the main stalk and in the axils of the leaves. They were also deposited, to a considerable extent, on the main stalk for its entire length. Usually eggs were placed singly ; sometimes several were found in close proximity, or even adjacent. As a rule the eggs were placed at right angles to the long axis of the stalk; sometimes at an acute angle to the stalk, or even almost parallel, though imbedded in the tissue. From the exterior it was possible to detect the presence of the egg by the ovate cap, which is provided with a short spine, all that is visible. Following is given a description of the egg. Egg. — Cylindrical, slightly curved; exposed end with a narrow truncate cap which projects for its entire width outside the epidermii of the plant ; opposite end broadly rounded ; surface very finely punc- tate. General color of fresh eggs yellowish green. Length 1.17 mm., width .31 mm. (average of 9 specimens). 232 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^^°'- ^xii. Cap. — Generally ovate in outline, from exterior of plant; some- times with sides slightly concave. Margin of cap finely serrate on edge ; ridged on inner side, the ridges corresponding to the serrations. A series of hairs, arranged quite regularly, joins the lower, outc edge of the cap with the pellicle and apparently holds the cap in place. Color within the margin, yellowish green. (This may vary with the state of development of the Qgg). The cap bears a short, stout spine which is attached on the con- cave side of the egg. The spine is rigid, but flexible at the base, wdiere it joins the margin. Spine enlarged slightly and rather abruptly at tip and projects for its entire length outside the epidermis of the plant. Color pale reddish; length .16 mm. According to insectary records, from 11 to 13 days were required for eggs to hatch; this in the latter half of July and the first half of August. The Xymphal Stages. Dr. Forbes^ studied this species as a strawberry insect and pub- lished descriptions of certain of the nymphal stages. Forbes, how- ever, was under the impression that there were but four nymphal stages, whereas the actual number is five. The stages described by him as IT, III and IV are, in reality. III, IV and V. Descriptions of the five stages follow. Stage I. — Head and prothorax brownish ; meso- and metathorax yellowish, sometimes greenish; abdomen pale clay yellow; body sparsely setaceous, setae black; length 1.4 mm. Head including eyes slightly wider than prothora.x ; eyes deep rose ; antennae pale cadmium yellow, except last segment, which is deep red, white tipped and with a somewhat broader white band at base; sparsely clothed with fine white hairs; beak long, the tip extend- ing well on to the abdomen, color pale cadmium yellow, tip dusky. Prothorax narrower than succeeding segments, about one fourth longer than mesothorax, distinctly margined ; mesothorax nearly twice the length of metathorax ; metathorax short. Abdomen ovate, broadest before middle, pale clay yellow except on margins and apex of venter, where it is pale cadmium yellow. Femora pale cadmium yellow, hind i)air slightly darker; tibi.T pale 1 l'orl)is. S. A.. i3lh Rep. State Ent. 111., p. 135, 1884. Sept., 19 14.] Webster-Stoner : Calocoris rapidus. 233 clay yellow, dusky at tips ; tarsi pale but with the apical fourth dusky ; whole leg sparsely clothed with fine white hairs. Stage II. — Form and color as in stage- 1, but with a large reddish patch covering most of the abdomen. Length 2.06 mm. Head and thorax similar to stage I. Prothorax short. Meso- thorax slightly longer; metathorax very short; both margined and greenish in color. Most of the abdomen is reddish, sometimes greenish on first and second segments and also towards caudal extremity ; tip red. Ab- domen beneath pale green, reddish at sides. First and second abdominal segments shorter than succeeding segments. Femora and hind tibise reddish; front and middle tibiae pale clay yellow; all the tarsi pale, black tipped. Stage III. — Form and color in general as in preceding stage. Length 2.6 mm. Head dragon's blood; eyes purple lake. Antennae : first segment pale cadmium yellow ; second segment the same, darker distally ; third, pale proximally, shading into deep red distally ; fourth segment as in preceding stages. Prothorax same color as head, except the caudal margin, which is greenish. Mesothorax and metathorax pale green ; margined ; both very slightly produced caudo-laterad. Abdomen as in preceding stages. Femora reddish, the hind pair with a narrow pale band near apex ; tibiae pale, except hind pair, which is reddish, black tipped ; tarsi pale, black tipped. Stage IV. — Form and color similar to preceding stage, but with the wing pads well developed. Length 3.6 mm. Head similar to preceding stage. Antennae : first segment chrome orange; second, pale cadmium yellow, shading into reddish distally; third and fourth segments as in stage III. Mesothorax and meta- thorax produced into wingpads which reach to or upon the second abdominal segment; wingpads slightly dusky at tips. Abdomen similar to stage III ; first and second segments subequal in length above, laterad and ventrad the first is much compressed, the second much swollen. Color of legs the same as in stage III ; femora clothed with fine black hairs ; tibiae with many stiff black hairs. Stage V. — Form elongate oval; general color as in preceding stage, but wingpads conspicuously tipped with dusky or sometimes black. Length 4.6 mm. (average of 10 specimens) 234 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'o'- ^xn. Head burnt sienna, varying to dragon's blood. Antennae: first seg- ment burnt sienna; second, proximal half pale, becoming deep red distallv; third and fourth segments as before. Beak of same color as head, black tipped, reaching to hind cox^xii- Experiment VI. Traps. Hours. Males. Kerosene about 120° Be s i6 21 Gasoline about 63° Be 5 16 13 Experiment VII. Traps. Hours. Males. Kerosene about 120° Be 8 18 73 Benzine about 58° Be 8 18 53 Experiment VIII. Traps. Hours. Males. Kerosene about 120° Be 6 16 53 Distillate about 48° Be 6 16 55 Experiment IX. Traps. Hours. Males. Kerosene about 120° Be 4 24 97 Gasoline about 86° Be 4 H 34 Benzine about 58° Be 4 24 91 Experiment X. Traps. Hours. Males. Gasoline about 86° Be 7 8 15 Benzine about 58° Be 7 8 53 It is evident from these experiments that gasoline (about 86° Be.) attracts a smaller niunber of fruit flies than kerosene or benzine (Experiments V, IX, X). Distillate (about 48° Be.) was the only oil which attracted more fruit flies than kerosene (Experiment VIII). The experiment with the distillate and kerosene was carried on for a period of eight hours during two days and the catch for each day may be worth recording. The first day the results were: kerosene 31, distillate 38, a difiference of 7 in favor of the distillate; but the second day the ratio was: kerosene 22, distillate 17, a difiference of 5 in favor of the kerosene. The experiment with the distillate must be repeated, however, in order that definite conclusions may be drawn concerning these oils. In the next experiment the oils classed under the Inirning oil distillate were tested in traps which were wired to fruit-bearing mango trees. The traps were shifted about in the trees from time to time but this did not have any marked effect on the number of specimens I Sept., 1914.] Severin-Severin : Mediterranean Fruit Fly. 245 captured in the different oils. This experiment was carried on for a period of sixteen days and the folowing figures indicate the results obtained: Burning Oil Distillate. Experiment XI. Export oil about 110° Be. Kerosene about 120° Be.. Mineral seal oil Colza burning oil Perfection signal oil ips. Days. Males. I 16 190 I 16 552 I 16 80 I 16 10 I 16 I It is evident from the results of this experiment that the heavy burning oils, such as mineral seal, colza burning and perfection signal, do not attract as many fruit flies as kerosene and export oil. In these three heavier burning oils the volatile part which attracts the Mediterranean fruit fly must be present in still less quantities than in gasoline (about 86° Be.). In the following experiment two of the lubricating oils were tested and the results were as follows: Lubricating Oil Distillate. Experiment XII. Traps. Days. ]\[ales. Kerosene about 120° Be 4 3 86 Renown engine oil F. 375 4 3 6 Atlantic red engine oil F. 350 4 3 0 Since all of the oils classified under the naptha distillate, burning oil distillate and lubricating oil distillate are obtained from crude petroleum, it was reasonable to suppose that the crude oil itself would attract the fruit fly. The results with this oil were as follows : Experiment XIII. Traps. Days. Ma'es. Kerosene about 120° Be 4 3 60 Crude petroleum 4 3 41 In the following table the relative attractiveness for the Mediter- ranean fruit fly of animal and vegetable oils and oils derived from crude petroleum is given, the attractiveness of kerosene for the fruit fly being taken as 100 per cent. 246 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. Table I. Experiment. Vegetable oils Animal oils Naptha distillate Burning oil distillate Lubricating distillate oil f Citronclla oil I J Turpentine HI and IV (average) I Cocoanut oil Ill and IV (average) r Whale oil I "[pish oil I r Distillate about 48° Be VIII Benzine about 58° Be. VII and IX (average) Gasoline about 63° Be VI Gasoline about 86° Be V and IX (average) 'Export oil about 110° Be XI Star oil (kerosene) about 120° Be. XI Mineral seal oil XI Colza burning oil XI Perfection signal oil XI r Renown engine oil F. 375 XII J Atlantic red engine oil F. 350.. XII Crude petroleum XIII Per Cent. .04 103 82 61 27 34 100 14 6 o 68 It is evident that the attraction of the Mediterranean fruit fly to these oils was confined ahnost entirely to the male sex. Female flies were present in these orchards because hundreds were caught by sweeping with an insect net among the fruit trees. Trapping the pest with kerosene was carried on for a period of eight months in the Hawaiian Islands in connection with other experiments and the results show that of every 1000 fruit flies captured only 3 on an average were females, the remainder being males. ■ Why should enormous numbers of male fruit flics and only a few females be captured in certain oils? Concerning the behavior of Dacus zonatiis towards citronella oil. Howlett (1912, ]). 413) writes: " Since the reaction was confined to the male sex and did not appear to be in any way connected with feeding habits, it seemed most reason- able to suppose that the smell might resemble some sexual odor of the female which in natural conditions served to guide the male to her." This is, in substance, a view which we also expressed to a number of entomologists and mentioned in a paper read before the Agricultural Seminar in Honolulu on January 1 1, 1912, to explain the behavior of the male Mediterranean fruit fly towards kerosene. Howlett believes that " the smell is in all probability perceived by means of tlie Sept., I9I4-] Severin-Severin : Mediterranean Fruit Fly. 247 antennae," for, after he had carefully amputated these " at the base of the second joint," none of the mutilated insects were attracted to the oil of citronella. If it is true that certain oils give off an odor which resembles that emitted by the female fruit flies to attract the opposite sex. then how would the fact be explained that a few females are usually caught in the oils ? We should have to assume that the specialized sense organs present in the males to locate the females are absent in the latter. We would then be forced to conclude that the females were not attracted to the petroleum oils, but came within the sphere of influence of the oil by accident, became stupefied and dropped into the oil. There is, of course, the possibility that the reaction of the male Mediterranean fruit fly towards some volatile part of the petroleum oils may be a positive chemotaxis "not representing the sexual smell of the female," a possibility to which Howlett also calls attention in the behavior of Dacus sonatiis towards citronella oil. The behavior of the Mediterranean fruit flies was occasionally ob- served in the neighborhood of the traps. In some instances, fruit flies remained at rest on the inside of the pans for long periods of time as if stupefied by the volatile parts of the oil. In other cases, the flies would walk along the inside of the pan for a time, then take wing and fly up to a neighboring leaf or twig, or in their apparently dizzy, zigzag flight over the surface of the petroleum oils they would plunge into the oil and generally cease all activity noticeable to the naked eye in less than half a minute. It certainly is peculiar that the male Mediterranean fruit flies plunge into the petroleum oils to their own destruction. The flies may be attracted to the oil as a result of a chemotaxis due to one or more hydrocarbons or to the impurities of the petroleum oils, such as the sulphur constituents or nitrogenous prodvicts. Small quantities of sulphides are detected by the human nose and it may be possible that the minutest traces are perceived by the fruit flies. Furthermore, sulphides have recently been found within the bodies of insects. Again, the hydro-carbons of the oil may act as an anesthetic, and stupefy the insects whenever they remain within their influence. It is known that the volatile parts of gasoline, for instance, have a stupefying effect upon animals. According to a scientist connected with the Standard Oil Company, cases are on record where men, who 248 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^^°'- xxii. had opened barrels of gasoline, were suddenly overcome by the fumes and plunged " head first " into the oil. Large gasoline tanks which have been recently emptied are dangerous for men to go into, and require about twenty-four hours of ventilation before they are safe for a human being to enter. Bibliography. 1907. Hooper, F. Killing Fruit Flies. Jour. Dept. Agric, Western Austra- lia, p. 395- 1907. Williams, J. P. Fruit Fly. Jour. Dept. Agric, Western Australia, pp. 696-7. 1908. Lounsbury, C. P. Supplementary Note by Government Entomologist. Repr. Agric. Jour., May, No. 18, Cape of Good Hope, pp. 6-8. 1910. Gurney, W. B. Fruit Flies and Other Insects Attacking Cultivated and Wild Fruits in New South Wales. Dept. Agric, New South Wales, Farmers' Bull. No. 55, pp. 1-3 1. 1912. Scverin, H. H. P., and Hartung, W. J. The Flight of Two Thousand Marked Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. V, No. 4, pp. 400-7. 1912. Howlett, F. H. The Effect of Oil of Citronella on Two Species of Dacus. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pt. H, pp. 412-S. ON THE MISUSE OF THE TERMS PARAPTERON. HYPOPTERON, TEGULA, SQUAMULA, PATA- GIUM AND SCAPULA.i By G. C. Crampton, Amherst, M.ass. One of the terms most frequently misapplied by writers on insect morphology, is the designation parapteron. Each of the lined areas in fig. 2 {i. c, pa, pas, prs. aha, pba, and aes) as well as the sclerites sur, npt, and sa have been designated as the " parapteron." Since it is quite evident that all of these cannot be so termed, without creat- ing confusion, it may be of some interest to attempt to establish the correct application of the designation parapteron, as intended by its author. 1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Sept., I9I4-] Crampton : Misuse of Terms. 249 In its Gallicized form " paraptere," the term was first used by Audouin, '24. In his figures of the thoracic sclerites of Dytiscus (the only insect used to illustrate his paper) Audouin clearly and unmis- takably designates as the "paraptere," the sclerite labelled !i\p in fi&- 3 (of the present paper). Audouin, '24 (page 420) likewise describes the " paraptere " as a sclerite which " unites dorsally with the episternum and epimeron to form a support for the wings and tergum " — a description which applies to the sclerite hvp (fig. 3) alone, as can be seen by glancing at his figure of Dytiscus' mesothorax. On page 122, Auduin, '24, states that in his previous publicaitons he had designated the sclerite in question (which "is always sup- ported by the episternum, and sometimes prolonged ventrally along the anterior margin of the latter") as the " Jiypopfere." Having ex- tended his studies, however, and having found that in other insects, there exist certain plates which he considers as representing these plates although they are not situated below the wing (and may some- times even " pass in front of the wing and take up a position above the base of the latter " — ;'. c, may occupy the position of the sclerite tg, figs. 2 and 6), Audouin states that he now prefers to change the term hypo-pteron (i. c, " under-the-wing ") to para-pteron (i. e., '■ near-the-wing "'), in order to signify its changing position in relation to the wing base. In other words, he erroneously considers that cer- tain sclerites above the base of the wing (i. c, the tegulse, tg, figs. 2 and 6) are homologous with the hypopteron {hyp, of figs. 2 and 3), and includes them all under the general designation parapteron. Audouin's own words on the subject are as follows (Audouin, '24, page 122) as translated by Snodgrass, '10^ (foot-note to pages 20 and 21) ... "finally there exists a piece but little developed and seldom observed, connected with both the episternum and the wing. It is always supported by the episternum and is sometimes prolonged ven- trally along its anterior margin, or again, becoming free, passes in front of the wing and may even come to lie above the base of the latter. At first we designated this sclerite by the name of hypopteron, but on account of its change of position relative to the wing base, wo now prefer the name of parapteron." And again (Audouin, "24, page 420) . . . '■ the episternum, the parapteron and the epimeron all fuse dorsally and constitute a support for the wings and tergum." It is clearly evident that this reference to a sclerite which is 250 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^oL xxii. " always supported by the episternum, and is sometimes prolonged ventrally along the anterior margin of the latter " is applicable to the sclerite hyp (fig. 3) alone. Furthermore, it alone, of the sclerites described by Audouin, conforms to the statement that ..." the parap- teron, the episternum, and the epimeron all unite dorsally to consti- tute a support for the wings and tergum." Lastly, the only sclerite designated as the parapteron in the figures accompanying Audouin's work, is the region hyp in the mesthorax of Dytiscus (fig. 3 of the present paper) where Audouin clearly and unmistakably labels this sclerite the " paraptere." In the face of such conclusive evidence, it hardly seems possible that any one who is capable of analyzing Au- douin's definition of the parapteron, or who will take the trouble to glance at his labelled figure of the mesothorax of Dytiscus (the only insect used to illustrate his paper) will be prepared to deny that the sclerite hyp (figs. 2 and 3) is the one referred to in the first part of Audouin's definition of the parapteron. Having thus established beyond all peradventure, the identity of the sclerite to which Audouin intended that the first part of his defi- nition of the " paraptere " should apply, the next question to be de- termined, is what sclerite did Audouin have in mind in the scconJ part of his definition of the " paraptere," in which he speaks of it as " becoming free and passing in front of the wing to take up a position above the base of the latter." The only sclerite which conforms to this part of the definition of the " paraptere," is the tegula, tg (figs. 2 and 6). It occupies a position slightly in front of and above the base of the wing, thus fitting the latter part of Audouin's definition perfectly. If there were any grounds for doubting that Audouin here refer? to the tcgula, tg, they would be immediately dispelled by Audouin' > clear and definite statement concerning the matter, in a footnote to his translation of MacLcay's article on the thoracic sclerites of the wasp Polistcs. The footnote (Audouin, '32, footnote to page 41 of author's separate, or to page 135 of the " Annalcs " may be translated as follows ..." in fact, I consider as the parapteron, the little plate so easily seen covering the base of the fore wings in the Ilymenopter.'a and Lepidoptera. designated as the scale, epaulet, or sqnamula. Mr. MacLeay labels it a. in his figures i, 2 and 4." This statement is cer- tainly lucid and definite enough to satisfy the most skeptical, and one Sept., I9I4-] Crampton : Misuse of Terms. 251 needs but to refer to the figures in question, to verify the statement that the tegula is here intended (the tegula was formerly referred to as the scale, epaulet, or squamula). Professor C. H. Fernald has very kindly called my attention to another work (Audouin, '40) in which Audouin both figures and de- fines the tegula, tg (of the Pyralidje) as the ''epaulette ou parap- tere." Thus all of the evidence to be adduced from Audouin's defi- nitions and figures, merely serves to confirm the opinion of those who maintain that Audouin's. definitions of the " paraptere " refer to both of the sclerites tg and hyp (figs. 2, 3. and 6) which Audouin incor- rectly considered as homologous, and included under the same name. Since Audouin at first (Audouin, '20) referred to the sclerite hyp alone as the hypopteron, and only later (Audouin, '24) incorrectly includes it, together with the tegula, ig, under the designation parap- teron, through a misunderstanding concerning the true homologies of the sclerites in question, the most logical course of procedure would be to retain the designation hypopteron for the sclerite hyp (figs. 2 and 3) as originally used by Audouin, and to restrict the designation parapteron, to the tegula, tg (figs. 2 and 6) as was later done by Audouin, '40, making it a synonym of epaulet, or tegula. This method of procedure has much to recommend it. In thi first place, as we have seen, Audouin (the author of the term) him- self makes the designation parapteron synonymous with the terms then applied to the tegula (f. c, scale, squamula, or epaulet). In the second place, Audouin's contemporaries {e. g., Lyonnet, ''},2, West- wood, '38 and many others) adopted this usage, and applied the desig- nation parapteron to the tegula, thus showing that this usage was in vogue even in Audouin's day, and had his sanction. In the third place, this usage (/. e., of applying the term parapteron to the tegulse) is extremely widespread, and is generally accepted by writers of vari- ous nationalities. And lastly, this usage is sanctioned by many modern works of reference — e. g., Packard, '98, Sharp, '99, Henne- guy, '04, Smith, '06, Folosm, '06, Houlbert, '10, Jardine, '13, Com- stock, '13, and many others. From the foregoing discussion, it is clearly evident that the term parapteron should be applied to the tegula alone (as a synonym). The grounds for so doing have been given in detail, because some recent writers do not think that there is sufficient justification for 252 JouRNAi. Xew ^'ork Entomological Society. tVoi. xxii. restricting" the term parapteron to the Icgula, and insist upon desig- nating other sclerites by this term— a course of procedure which unnecessarily complicates matters, and merely serves to heighten an already sufficiently disconcerting confusion in the application of mor- phological terminology. Snodgrass, 08, terms the plate aba (fig. 2) the "first or anterior parapterum."' and designates the plate pba (fig. 2) as the "second, or posterior parapterum." Later, Snodgrass ('opb) likewise includes the plates sa (Fig. 2) under the general designation paraptera, term- ing them the " epimeral paraptera." In a lengthy footnote to pages 20 and 21 of his " Anatomy of the Honey-Bee," Snodgrass, 'lOa, seeks to justify this usage of the term parapteron, on the ground that (in his opinion) Audouin, '24, referred to the plates aba and pba in his definitions of the parapteron, and that this term should be extended to include the subalar plates sa (fig. 2) as well. The only reason given by Snodgrass for thus arbitrarily applying the terms paraptera to the wrong plates, is the incorrect statement that Audouin had these plates in mind when he described the paraptera in the passages quoted above. That this supposition is absolutely wrong, has already been demonstrated, and Snodgrass's charge that . . . " modern writers such as Packard and Folsom who make the term paraptera synonymous with tegulae are certainly wrong" (Snodgrass, 'lOa footnote to page 21) was evidently made without consulting all of the available evidence, else so keen an observer as he would never have committed such an obvious error. The incorrect application of the term parapteron to the little plates ■ under tlie wing, and at its base, is apparently traceable to Lowne, '90, who designates the plate aba (figs. 2 and 5) as the parapteron. Hewitt, '70, who accepts Lowne's interpretations in most instances, designates this plate as the " paraptcrm." ajjparentlv meaning to call it the parapteron. According to Snodgrass, Comstock regards one of the basalar sclerites (aba or pba) as the parapteron, but I have been unable to verify this statement. Rerlese, 'o6-'o9, applies the term " parattcro " (1. c, parapteron) to the sclerite sa (fig. 2), but all of these usages are incorrect. ()lher incorrect a])plications of tlie designation ])ara])ter()n. are as follows. Hammond, '81, applies the term parapteron to the sclerite acs (figs. 2 and 5), suggesting that it may be the " paraptere " de- Sept., I9I4-] Crampton: jMisuse of Terms.' 253 scribed by Audouin; but he is not certain of this point. That Ham- mond's surmise is incorrect, has aleady been demonstrated. Landacre, '02, incorrectly appHes the term paraptera to the Httle ossicles npt (fig. 2) at the base of the elytra of the beetle Passalus, and Newport, '39, misapplies the term parapteron to the sclerite sur (fig. 2) in his figure of the thorax of the beetle "Hydrous," although in his figures of the thorax of Sphinx and Ichneumon, he quite cor- rectly refers to the tegulse as the paraptera. Emery, '00, designates the region prs (figs. 2 and 6) as the " parattero del mesonoto," in the thorax of various ants. It is per- haps superfluous to add that this usage is also incorrect. Escherich, '06, who reproduces Emery's figures of the thorax of ants, terms the plate prs (figs. 2 and 6) the " proscutellum." The designation proscutellum, however, should always denote the scutel- lum of the prothorax (if such exists) so that it is necessary to change the term proscutellum to prescutellum, in referring to the sclerite prs. The latter term is evidently the one Escherich intended to use. The unfounded statement that MacLeay, '30, applied Audouin's term parapteron to the tegul?e, is frequently made {c. g.. Jardine, '13, page 156; Snodgrass, '0%, page 581; Packard, '98, page 89; and others). It is difficult to understand how such careless statements can be made, for AlacLeay, '30, did not call the tegulae " paraptera," at all. He calls them " squamulse," and attributes this usage to Latreille. Latreille, however, called them " pterygodes." Any one who will take the trouble to read MacLeay's descriptions, and look at his figures, will readily see that the sclerites which he designates as the " paraptera " are not the teguLx at all. Thus in PoUstes, Mac- Leav states that the mesothoracic plates (which he terms the parap- sides) designated as pa in fig. 2 (of the, present paper) are possibly the prothoracic paraptera pushed back out of place ! He gives no reasons for this view. The plates which MacLeay designates as the mesothoracic paraptera are the sclerites pas (fig. 2), one on either side of the scutellum. The sclerites which he designates as the meta- thoracic paraptera are the lateral portions of the entire metanotum, in which the subregions have united to a greater or less extent, and have then become divided into a median and two lateral regions (one on either side) by the formation of secondary sutures, or those not originally present. Thus, the only sclerites regarded as the " parap- 254 TouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxii. tera," by MacLeay are those designated as pa and pas in fig. 2, as well as the entire lateral region of the metanotum, so that the statement that MacLeay, '30, referred to the tegulse as the paraptera is wholly unfounded — although it would have been entirely correct for Mac- Leay to have termed the tegulae paraptera, had he chosen to do so. It is perhaps superfluous to add, that the sclerites which MacLeay actually did designate by the term paraptera, were incorrectly designated. With regard to the application of the term hypopteron, certain writers (Smith, '06) would make it, together with the term parap- teron, synonymous with tegula (fg of fig. 6). The term hypopteron, however, means " tmdcr-the-wing," and is wholly inapplicable to the tegula, which is situated above the wing. As originally used by its author (Audouin, '20), the designation hypopteron was applied to the sclerite hyp (fig. 3), for which it is a very appropriate designation. It was only later, and due to a mistaken interpretation of the sclerites, that Audouin, '24, included the region hyp together ith the tegulae, under the designation parapteron, so that it would be perfectly logical and appropriate to restrict the term hypopteron, to the sclerite hyp, and to make the term parapteron synonymous with tegula. Snodgrass, '091,, figures the hypopteron {hyp fig. 3) in his illustra- tions of the thoracic sclertites of the Coleoptera (Snodgrass, "09^, figs. 106, 107, etc.) but does not designate it by any name, in the Coleoptera. In his fig. 70, of the mesoplcuron of the grasshopper Dissostcira, however, he designates a sclerite homologous with the hypopteron, as the precpistcrnum. This is the only case in which Snodgrass uses the term preepisternum correctly. For example, in his figure 29, of the prothorax of the roach Byrsotria. the plate designated as the " preepisternum,"' corresponds to the fusion product of sclerites !pl and 1st (fig. 2, of the present paper). On the other hand, in his figure 94. of the niesopleuron of the earwig Spongiphora. he applies the term precpistcrnum to the plate //>/ (fig. 2, of this paper) alone, and in his figure 35, of the mesothorax of the roach Ischnop- fcra, he designates as tlie preepisternum, the plate aba (fig. 2) alone. The term preepisternum was first used by Hopkins, '09, who correctly applied it to the hypopteron {hyp, fig. 3) of the beetle Dcndroctonus. As used by its author, the designation preepisternum would therefore be synonymous with hypopteron. which should be applied to the sclerite hyp (figs. 2 and 3) alone. Sept., I9I4-] Crampton : Misuse of Terms. 255 In his paper on the " Thorax of the Hymenoptera," Snodgrass, 'lOb, introduces a new synonym for the hypopteron hyp (fig. 2), designating it as the " prepectus," and giving as his reason for so doing, that in the Hymenoptera, he thinks that this sclerite is a new formation, not homologous with the " preepisternum " described in his previous papers. In his own words (Snodgrass, 'lOt,, page 78) ..." though the prepectus has something the appearance of the preepisternum of the more generahzed orders of insects, especially if we assume a continuity between the prepectus and the presternum, yet the phylogentic gap between them is too great to permit the homologizing of one with the other. The prepectus of the Hymenop- tera appears to be a purely secondary production within this order." Now, as we have seen, Snodgrass confused the homologies of the sclerites which he designated as the " preepisternum," applying this term to totally different sclerites in different insects. Under these conditions, it is very natural that some of these incorrectly designated sclerites which he terms the "preepisternum" (such for example, as the plate Iplj of fig. 2, of the present paper — which he terms the '' preepisternum " in his figure 94, of the earwig) are not homologous with the sclerites which he terms the prepectus, in his Hymenop- teron paper (/. e., the sclerite hyp, fig. 2). The sclerite which Snod- grass, '0%, terms preepisternum, in his figure 70 of the grasshopper Dissosfeira, however, is most assuredly the homologue of the " pre- pectus " of his Hymenopteron paper. Furthermore, the author of the term preepisternum (Hopkins, '09) applied it to a sclerite of Dcn- droctonus, homologous with the sclerites designated as the prepectus m Snodgrass's Hymenopteron paper. The terms preepisternum and prepectus are therefore synonymous, and both are synonyms of the designation hypopterton, applied to the sclerite hyp (fig. 3) by Audouin, '20. Jordan, '02, terms the sclerite hyp, the '" peristernum," in his figures of the grasshopper Acridium and the beetle Mcloe. Enslin, '12, terms it the " praesternum " in his figure of the sawfly Tomos- tehiis, apparently not realizing that the term presternum is used to designate a sclerite of the sternal region. From the foregoing discussion, it is apparent that the only logical course of procedure is to retain the designation hypopteron, for the sclerite hyp (fig. 3) as originally used by its author Audouin, '20. 256 JoiRXAr. Xew York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxii. Since the term hypopteron is sometimes incorrectly applied to the tegulae, it might possibly be preferable to designate the sclerite hyp (fig. 3) as the preepisternum, as is done by Hopkins, '09; or to designate it by Snodgrass's term prepectus, which is an extremely ex- pressive and appropriate one — this, however, is purely a matter of personal preference. The term teguLx should be applied only to those sclcrites homo- logous with the little shell-like scales (figs. 2, 4, and 6, tg) situated slightly above and in front of the base of the mesothoracic wings, easiest seen in the Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. In his work on the thoracic sclerites of the blowfly, Lowne, '90, applies the term epaulet to "a large scale fringed with black bristles" and states that it " does not correspond with the tegula of the H3'menoptera " (Lowne, '90, page 200). In some of Lowne's figures it is very difficult to determine exactly to what sclerite he intends that his designation epaulet should refer ; but in his figure 5. of plate X, the ■' epaulet " is clearly the teglua (tg fig. 4, of the present paper) and despite Lowne's statement to the contrary, it is homologous with the tegula of the Hymenoptera (fig. 6, tg). Since Loew, '62, and other Dipterologists after him, have very in- considerately applied the term teguLx to the so-called calyptra of Rondani, '56 (or the two lobe-like expansions of the hinder margin of the wing" menil)rane. near its base — fig. 4. dc and pc) . it might perhaps be preferable to employ the term epaulet to designate the true tegul.T, tg (fig. 4) in the Diptera. and thus avoid ambiguity. This usage is sanctioned by Audouin. '40, himself, who, together with Chabrier, '20, and many of the earlier French writers, use the designa- tion " epaulette " as a synonym of the terms applied to the tegul?e of various insects. The term squamulc-e was applied to the tegulae, tg (figs. 2 and 6) by MacLeay, '30, (who attributed this usage to Latreille) and this usage has been adopted by a few subsequent writers. This misap- plication of the term, however, is very unfortunate, since the designa- tion squamula has been used by many Dipterologists, to denote one or both of the calyptra (fig. 4, dc and pc) mentioned above. Linne, 1758, who introduced the term squamula, applied it to the calyptra, altrough it is impossible to tell from his description, whether he intended to apply the term to one, or to both of the calyptra. Sept., I9I4-] Crampton : Misuse of Terms. .257 Curtis, and a number of other Dipterologists apply the designation squamulae to both calyptra. Lowne, '90, however, restricts the term squamula to the distal calypter {dc, fig. 4), termed the antisquama by Osten-Sacken, '96, and designates the proximal calypter (pc) as the squama. A number of Dipterologists use the designation squama for one or both of the calyptra (c. g., Erichson, Fabricius, Fallen. Illiger, Meigen, Scheiner, Say, Zetterstedt — and many others) so that the terms squama and squamula should be applied to the calyptra. and not to the teguLx, if these terms are to be used at all. In addition to applying the designation squama to the tegulse, some writers have also applied it to a sclerite of the head region, to a genital sclerite, and to the apparent first abdominal segment (the knot or scale at the base of the abdomen) in ants. The term patagium is incorrectly applied by Lowne, '90 (page 198) to the posterior, or anal region of the wing. Fortunately, this incor- rect usage was not accepted by Dipterologists, or the confusion in the use of this term would have been unnecessarily increased. Kirby and Spence, '26, correctly restricted the term patagia to the erectile lobe-like appendages borne on the pronotum of certain Lepidoptera (fig. I, pat), and attributed this usage to MouJjet, 1634. These prothoracic structures occur on the pronotum alone, and are not homologous with the tegulae (figs. 4 and 6, fg) which are mesothoracic structures having nothing in common with the patagia. Riley, '04, called attention to this fact,^ a number of years ago as did Cholod- kowskv and many others before him, but Lepidopterologists have dis- regarded this fact, and still continue to apply the term " patagia " to the tegulae. If the teguLx are called "patagia," what are we to term the true patagia. when both the patagia and tegulae are present in the same insect, as in Agrotis, for example? Some such designa- tion as "■ propatagia " might be used to distinguish the prothoracic structures from the tegulre ; but this would be quite unnecessary, if the original and correct application of the terms patagia and tegul?e were adhered to. 2 In an article entitled " Das Pronotum und die Patagia der Lepidop- teren," published in the Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., Schultz, 1914- has recently called attention to this point, and has shown that the true patagia are in no wise homologous with the tegulae. 258 Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'°'- ^^U- Kirby and Spence, '26, very clearly state that the patagia are pro- thoracic structures, and that the tegulre are mesothoracic. They like- wise apply the designation patagia to the true patagia, and the designation tegulae to the true tegulae, so that the commonly accepted statement made by Newport, '39 (page 923) that Kirby and Spence term the tegulae "patagia," is wholly false and unjust. The unfortu- nate confusion caused by the interchanging of the terms patagia and tegulse, is not attributable to Kirby and Spence; but is due to the ignorance, or carelessness of later writers. The designation scapula (or scapulae) and scapularia have been very frequently misapplied by workers in different orders or in dif- ferent families of the same order of insects. Thus the term scapula has been applied to the patagia, tegulae, etc., of Lepidoptera, to the antero-lateral sclerites in the mesonotum of Proctotrypidae, to the postero-lateral sclerites in the mesonotum of Coleoptera, to the lower lateral region of the mesonotum of Hemiptera, to the trochanter of the anterior leg in various insects, and to the whole, or a portion of the mesopleuron of certain Hymcnoptera and Coleoptera. The last mentioned usage conforms to that of Knoch, 1801 (Neue Beit- raege) who introduced the term, so that it is preferable to restrict it to the pleural sclerites. Summary. The points brought out above may be briefly summarized as follows. The term paraptera should be applied only to those sclerites homo- logous with the shell-like scales situated slightly in front of, and above the bases of the mesothoracic wings (best seen in Hymen- optera, Lepidoptera, etc.) . . . tg oi figs. 2 and 6. These are not homologous with the patagia — which are prothoracic structures (pat of fig. l) having nothing in common with the paraptera. Synonyms of paraptera are tegulae, pterygodes, and epaulets. (The terms squaniulae, patagia, scapulae, humeri, etc., sometimes applied to the structures in question, arc misapplied.) The term hypopteron sliould be restricted to the narrow region ex- tending along the anterior margin of the pleuron in certain Coleop- tera. Orthoptera, Hymcnoptera, etc. (hyp of fig. 3). Synonyms of hy])()pter()n are pcristernuin, prcepistornum, and prcpectus. ! Sept., 1914-] Crampton : Misuse of Terms. 259 The term tegulae should be restricted to the structures referred to above, as the paraptera, or epaulets. The term squamulse should be restricted to the lobe-like expansions of the posterior margins of the mesothoracic wings, near their base^ {pa and da of fig. 4). As thus used, the designation squamulse is synonymous with calyptra (sometimes called " calypta," and calyp- teres) and squamae. The term patagia should be applied only to the lobe-like tergal structures of the pronotum of certain Lepidoptera, etc. {pat of fig. l). These are not homologous with the tegulae {tg of fig. 6). The designation propatagimn may be used as a synonym, if there is anv danger of ambiguity. The term scapulae should be applied only to the pleural sclerites. BIBLIOGR.^PHY. 1820. Andouin. L'anatomie comparative des parties solides des insectes. Ann. General des Sci. Phys., Tome 7, pp. 396-406. Rapport par Cuvier. 1S21. Audouin. Recherches anatomiques stir le thorax des animaux articules et celui des insectes hexapodes en particvilier. Bull. Soc. Philom., pp. 72-73- 1824. Audouin. Recherches anatomiques sur le thorax. Ann. Sci. Nat., Tome I, Ser. I, pp. 97-135, 416-432. 1832. Audouin. Exposition de l'anatomie du thorax. Par \V. S. MacLeay. Accompagnee de notes par M. Audouin. Ann. Sci. Nat., Tome XXV, Ser. I, pp. 95-151- ,1840. Audouin. Histoire des insectes nuisables a la vigne et particulierement ■ de la pyrale qui devaste les vignobles des departements de la Cote- d'Or. Paris, 1840-1842. 1906. Berlese. Gli Insctti. Milano, 1906-1909. 1820. Chabrier. Essai sur le vol des insectes. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Tome 6, pp. 410-476; Tome 7, pp. 297-372; Tome 8, pp. 47-99, and 349- 403, 1820-1822. 19 1 3- Comstock. A Manual for the Study of Insects. Ithaca, 191 3. 1908. Crampton. Beitrag zur Homologie der Thorakal-Sklerite der Insekten. Diss. Berlin, 1908. 1909. Crampton. Contribution to the Comparative Morphology of the Tho- racic Sclerites of Insects. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 3-54. 1914. Crampton. Notes on the Thoracic Sclerites of Winged Insects. Ent. News, Vol. 25, pp. 15-25. 1900. Emery. Intorno al Torace dellc Formiche. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. 32, pp. 103-119. 1912. Enslin. Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., Jahrg. 1912, Beiheft, pp. 1-98. 260 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. 1906. Escherich. Die Ameisc. Braunschweig, 1906. 1906. Folsoin. Entomolog>'. Philadelphia, 1906. 1881. Hammond. On the Thorax of the Blow-fly. Jour. I, inn. Soc. London, Vol. IS, pp. 9-31- 1904. Henncguy. Les Insectcs. Paris-, 1904. 1907. Hewitt. The Structure of the House-fly. Q. J. Micr. Sci.. No. 203. 1909. Hopkins. The Genus Dendroctonus. U. S. D. A. Bur Ent. Tech. Ser., No. 17. 1910. Houlbert. Les Insectcs. Paris, 1910. 1913- Jardine. Dictionary of Entomology. Ashford, 1913. 1902. Jordan. Das Mesosternit der Tagfalter. Vorh. V. Internat. Zool. Con- gress, Berlin, 1902, pp. 816-829. 1826. Kirby and Spence. Introduction to Entomology, Vols. 3 and 4, London, 1826-1828. 1902. Landacre. Musculature and Skeletal Elements of Passalus cornutus. Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 3. 1758. Linne. Systema Nature, Tome I. Holmije, 1758 (page 584). 1862. Loew. Monographs of the Diptera of North America, Part I. Wash- ington (page xiv of the "Terminology")- 1890. Lowne. The Anatomy, Physiology, Morphology and Development of the Blow-fly, \'o]. I. London, 1890-1892, 1832. Lyonnet. Recherches sur I'anatomie . . . dTnsectcs. Paris. 1832. 1830. Macleay. Explanation of the Anatomy of the Thorax in Winged In- sects. Zool. Jour. London, Vol. 5, pp. 145-179. 1634. Moufl'et. Inscctorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum. Londini, 1634. 1839. Newport. Article " Insccta," in Todd's Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology, Vol. 2, pp. 853-994. 1896. Osten Sacken. Notice on the Terms Tegula, Antitegula, Squama and Alula as used in Dipterology (pp. 285-288) . . . and On the Terms Calypta and Calyptra (pp. 328-338). Berlin Ent. Zeit., Bd. 41. 1898. Packard. Text-Book of Entomology. New York, 1898. 1904. Riley. Tegulse and Patagia of Lcpidoptcra. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, Vol. II, pp. 310—312. 1899. Sharp. Insects, Part II (page 312). Cambridge Natural History. Lon- don, 1899. 1906. Smith. Explanation of the Terms L^sed in Entomology. Brooklyn. 1906. 1908. Snodgrass. A Comparative Study of the Thorax in Orthoptcra, Euplcx- optcra and Colcoptcra. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, \'ol. 9, pp. 9S-io8. 1909a. Snodgrass. The Thoracic Tergum of Insects. Ent. News, pp. 97-104. 1909b. Snodgrass. The Thorax of Insects and the Articulation of the Wings. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 36, pp. 511-595. 1910a. Snodgrass. The Anatomy of the Honey Bee. U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bull. No. 18, Technical Scries. ^-'^ii. behind. The legs are pale without markings, and the palpi are pale except the tarsus. The tarsus and palpal organ are large, thickened at the base anil pointed at the end. The tarsal hook is turned outward with a notch near tlu end, and has the general shape of the hook in Tiiieticiis terrestris. The man- dibles are turned outward at the ends with a small tooth opposite the end of the closed claw. Ithaca. X. V.. December, 191 1, C. R. Crosby. Linyphia cayuga new species. Both sexes, 3 mm. long. Cephalothorax longer than wide, the head elon- gated in both sexes. The color of the cephalothorax and legs is dull yellow in the female and orange in the male with the ends of the joints a little dark- ened. The cephalothorax has three gray longitudinal stripes in both sexes, the lateral stripes more or less broken into four spots. The abdomen of tlu- male is dark gray with a trace of light spots on the dorsal side near the front end. The abdomen of the female is dark underneath, with a few irregular small light spots. On the back it has a dark and light pattern shown in Fig. 7. The epigynum is covered by a wide smooth plate, behind which are two shallow openings separated by a short middle lobe. In the male the man- dibles are two thirds as long as the cephalothorax. The male palpi resemble those of L. mandibulata. the large appendage of the base of the palpal organ is as long as the tarsus and deeply notched at the distal end. The tube is long and coiled in one and a half turns. The young of both sexes are colored like the female with all the markings less distinct. IMarsh at the head of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca, X. Y. Adults in May, and young in December. EXPL.\NATI0X OF PL.^TE VIII. Fig. I. Enoplognatha pallida, mandibles and front row of eyes, id, head and eyes turned up at an angle of forty-five degrees. \b, epigynum. Fig. 2. Pedanostethus terrestris, right palpus of male, showing notcli and pair of hairs on the outer side. 2a. inner side of same palpus, 2b. inni r side of palpus of male Pedanostethus ripariiis for comparison. Fig. 3. Gongylidiiim oruatns, back of male showing color areas and orna- mentation of mandibles. 3(1, epigynum. 3b, palpus of male. Fig. 4. Gongylidiiim undulatus. palpus of male. Fig. 5. Tmeticus conictis, head of male. 5(1. mandible. 5b, male palpus from above showing spread of the tarsal hook, sr, tarsus and palpal organ from inner side, srf, outer side of palpal organ. $e. tarsal hook. Fig. 6. Tmeticus index, eyes and palpus of male from above. 6(7, outrr side of male palpus. Fig. 7. Linyphia cayuga. dorsal markings of female, ya, cephalothorax and iialpus of male, 7b. male palpus from below, -c. epigynum. Jouni. X. Y. Euf. Soc. Vol. XXII. PI. VI H. O^PO Araneida. Sept., 19 Ml Miscellaneous Notes. 265 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Additions to the Orthoptera Known to Occur in North Carolina. — Mr. H. G. Barber and the writer found it cold when we went insect collecting on April 4, 1914, in the vicinity of Wilmington, N. C. The branches of many of the evergreen trees had been broken down some weeks previous to our visit bv a heaw fall of snow and the event was considered a memorable one. The same story of a back- ward season was told at Southport and at Southern Pines. We, how- ever secured a few insects, and the collection of Orthoptera numbered thirteen species, three of which appear to be additions to the list of those recorded from the State. Anisolabis annulipes Lucas. Wilmington, April 4. Under board; three individuals. Spongiphora brunneipennis Scrv. Wilmington, April 5, i female. Ischnoptera couloniana Sauss. Wilmington, April 4; Southport, April 13. Nymphs under bark. Nomotettix cristatus arcuatus Hancock. Southport, April 10, i female. This appears to be an addition to the list of the Orthoptera of the State. The specimen was determined by Mr. Morgan Hebard, who has recently studied the group. Tettigidea lateralis Say. Writesville, April 6; a number cast ashore on the ocean beach; Wilmington, April 7, 2 males; Southport, April 10, 4 females. Amblytropidia occidentalis Sauss. Wilmington, April 7, 2 males, 4 females ; Southern Pines, April 13, I male, i female. Arphia granulata Sauss. Wilmington, April 11, i male. This appears to be an addition to the list of the Orthoptera of the State. Arphia sulphurea Fab. Southern Pines, April 13, i male. Chortophaga viridifasciata DeGeer. Wilmington, April 7. i male; Southport, April 10, 3 males, 3 females; Southern Pines, April 13, i male. 26(> Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°i- ^^-'^H- Schistocerca americana Drury. Wilmington, Soiithport, Southern Pines. ' Many seen at all three localities. Schistocerca datnnifica Sauss. Wilmington, April 5, 7, n, 7 males; Southport, April 10, 2 males: Southern Pines, April 13, 8 males, 3 females. Leptysma marginicoUis Scrv. Wilmington, April 7, 2 males, 2 females. Stenacris vitreipennis Marsch. Wilmington, April 7, i male, beaten from a bush into an umbrella by Mr. Barber. This appears to be an addition to the list of the Orthoptera of the State. Diapheromera Carolina Scuddcr. This species was described from North Carolina, and a specimen collected by ]\Irs. Annie Trumbull Slosson at Lake Toxaway, N. C, was recorded in this Journal, Vol. XXI, p. 81, March, 1913. Preliminary Studies of North Carolina Orthoptera, by James A. G. Rehn and IMorgan Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Nov. 1910, gives a considerable list of the Orthoptera of the State together with references to the literature. The Orthoptera of North Carolina, by F. Sherman, Jr.. and C. S. Brimley, Entomological News, Vol. XXII, pp. 387-392, Nov., 191 1, records one hundred and fifty-seven species from the State. Wm. T. Davis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOG- ICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of May 5, 1914. A rcRular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held May 5, 19 1 4, at 8.15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, President Dr. Raymond C. Osburn in the chair and scvenUcn members and four visitors, including Dr. N. L. Britton, present. The curator reported recent work on the local colleclion, including the arrangement of Bombylids and Tabanidw. Mr. Davis announced the death of John A. Grossbeck, in Barbados, on April 8, and read part of a letter from ^^'illiam J. Gerhard, in which the attain- ments of Mr. Grossbeck as an entomologist and the high esteem in which he was personally held were expressed. Letters from Dr. Henry Skinner, Dr. E. P. Felt, Mr. Nathan Banks .md others were also at hand. Sept., igr4.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 267 Mr. Davis moved that in place of formal resolutions the secretary be instructed to send a letter to Mrs. Grossbeck expressing the sorrow of all the members of the Society and the affectionate remembrance in which our librarian and friend would always be held. Leters from Dr. W. E. Britton, offering to donate copies of Bulletin i8i, dealing with Connecticut Lady Beetles, and from the President of the Agassiz Association, inviting the members to visit Arcadia, were read. A catalogue of Linnean specimens by the general secretary of the Linnean Society of London was exhibited by Dr. Lutz. Mr. Davis, under the title " Notes on Spring Collecting in North Carolina,' described the journey he made April 5 to Wilmington, Southport, Southern Pines and Raleigh, N. C, in part with Mr. Barber, showing many of the insects he caught and photographs of the regions he visited. A few of the plants, including yellow jessamine, live oak, and American beech, were shown, and judging by the latter especially, Mr. Davis thought the season at Wilmington about five weeks ahead of New York. Dr. Britton later said that this coin- cided with the usual estimate of spring advance on the Atlantic coast at the rate of thirteen miles per day, since the distance between Wilmington and New York, 450 miles, was almost exactly 35 X 13. Mr. Davis spoke of collecting on the beach and the circumscribed area in which the wash-up was found productive, similar to, but even more pronounced than the same condition observed on Long Island. He described the low, flat lands about Wilmington, often overflowed or swampy, the extensive abandoned rice fields, sometimes overgrown with golden club in April, the splendid forests, in which three species of pine and enormous beeches were seen and the more sandy areas in which Ciciiidela scitfellaris Carolina and other species were caught. His pictures of Southport showed the cedars, the large live oaks growing in the streets and especially in one fine picture, thick about the school house, with the children romping beneath them. Mr. Davis spoke enthusiastically of this town, but according to Mr. Barber's remarks later in the evening, even his enthusiasm failed to do full justice to its many attractive features. At Southern Pines, Mr. Davis visited Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Manee, and photographs of them and their home were included in his exhibit. The rat- tling noise made by Brachys ovata within the oak leaves it mines, previously noticed in Florida, was here described to Mr. Davis by Mr. Manee, who said his attention had first been drawn to it by an old darky. At Raleigh, Professor Metcalf, Franklin Sherman, C. S. Brimley and other friends were seen and some desirable grasshoppers were obtained. Sev- eral large boxes of the insects captured on the trip were shown, including 5m- prcstis decora, Tliecla damon, many other species of Lepidoptera, eight species of dragon flies, Syrphids for Dr. Osburn, thirteen species of grasshoppers, of which two proved new to the N. C. State List, and many insects of other orders. The grasshoppers will later form the subject of a special article by Mr. Davis. Dr. Lutz exhibited a large number of photographs obtained during his recent visit to Porto Rico and many colored slides loaned by Professor Cramp- 268 JouRNAi. New ^'oKK R\'TnMoi.ncTr.\T. Socikty. fVol. xxii. ton. Mona Island, with its level lop elevated about 150 feet above the sea, formed of limestone, full of caves, densely clothed with vegetation ; Desecco, rising in a series of peaks, with its stratified rocks, as well as Porto Rico itself, formed the subject of his remarks. The beauty of the scenery in the last named mountainous island, which. Dr. Lutz said, was about half the size of New Jersey, but twice as high, was shown by many pictures, while others exhibited special features like the tree ferns, the isolated limestone hills near the coast, the Indian carvings, the curious spider webs near cave entrances, the cocoanut palms, bananas and other tropical plants, including one locally called " Woman's Tongue," from the continual rattling of the dried pods of beans. On account of the specimens being still unlabeled, the many insic'^ obtained were not exhibited, but Dr. Lutz remarked on the unexpected abstm of Cicindelidai; on the sea beaches. Dr. Britton, on request, spoke of West Indian distribution, as shown in plants, saying that it was not necessary to assume land connection to explain existing plant population, the forces of wind and water being sufficient. The hurricane winds are known to transport light material for enormous distances ; and while this view may not be wholly defensible, the forces mentioned are very potent. The flora is more or less alike on all the volcanic ash islands, as it is also on the larger islands, which may therefore have been once con- nected; but such a connection as to Porto Rico is very doubtful. Mona Island, lying between Porto Rico and Hispaniola, contains in its twenty square miles no botanical element that could not apparently have been transported by wind or sea. In the Bahamas the plant population, apart from endemic species, is closely related to that of the mainland. To deny absolutely the possibility of land connections would be fatuous ; but to claim that the great bulk of the species have reached their present situation by forces of nature subsequent to the formation of the islands seems reasonable. On the other hand, the effect- iveness of the Mona Passage, eighty miles wide, between Porto Rico and Hispaniola as a barrier is shown by its having stopped many species. Continuing, Dr. Britton said the isolation of Jamaica, as a floral province, had been pointed out sixty years ago ; Cuba, southern Florida, and the Bahamas appeared to constitute a second ; the volcanic islands, from St. Kitt's south- ward, formed what might be called the fourth ; the constitution of the third remains doubtful, awaiting zoological evidence to aid the botanical as well as more details of the latter. Hispaniola remains the least known and may ulti- mately be grouped with Cuba or with Porto Rico. No one can say which at present, although the greater alliance seems to be with Cuba according to recent authorities. Dr. Britton added that since the islands are all compara- tively recent, geologically speaking, the Jurassic formation having only recently been detected in Cuba, correcting the previous impression that the Cretaceous was the oldest, the greatest difficulty in ascribing the distribution to wind and water lies in the question as to whether there has been sufficient time for these forces to effect it. In answer to Dr. Lutz, Dr. Britton said he thought the flora of Porto Rico would eventually prove to be most closely related to that of St. Thomns. but sufficient data were not yet at hand for a definite statement. Sept.. IQI41 PROCEEniNCS OF TTTE SOCIETY. 269 Mr. Lcng, on request, repeated his views that the occurrence in Cuba of many boreal genera of CarabidK, beetles which from their habit of hiding under stones and logs are little liable to transportation by winds, and from their inland environment are even less liable to transportation by drift, made the acceptance of the theory difficult for a coleopterist. The specific identity of certain cosmopolitan species is admitted and the methods by which they have been transported by commerce are evident ; the specific identity of a few seashore, salt marsh, and certain strong flying species is equally admitted and the operation of the forces of wind and water in carrying them may be ac- cepted as plausible and as probable as the similar distribution of the seeds of plants by the same forces ; but the number of such cases of specific identity is small and the difficulty is to account for the large number of cases of generic identity between the Carabid fauna of Cuba and that of the United States, amounting almost to absolute identity when comparison is made with a southern state, like Florida. Furthermore, the elevation of the sea bottom, supporting the coral reefs of the Cuban shore, of Florida and the Bahamas, the very places indicated by Dr. Britton as constituting a flora pro\ince, can- not fail to suggest a former land connection, which for the distrHjution of insects need not have been of great elevation, nor even more than temporary in character. If such an elevation is reasonably assumable, and it has already l)een advanced to account for the Carolinian character of part of the plants of Newfoundland, it would explain in a satisfactory manner the observed rela- tionship. Mr. Leng added that the data for most of the islands were scanty, and beyond the Cuban relation, nothing definite could be stated. Dr. Britton cited Bermuda as a certain example of an island, perched on the peak of a submerged volcanic mountain, the population of which, in plants and insects, much have reached it by wind, water or human agency, the flora of which, comprising about three hundred species, is all southeastern. He said that there were possibilities each way, but Bermuda furnishes an excellent example of what can be accomplished without land connection ; and in view of the very long time during which the forces urged have been in operation, the known transportation of the eggs of Mollusca (presumably analogous to those of insects) by birds, in addition to the agencies previously mentioned, he leaned away from the theoretical land connection, though willing to con- ider it further if evidence were forthcoming. Mr. Barber read a paper on " Hemiptera from Wilmington and South- port, North Carolina," illustrated by many specimens caught while there with Mr. Davis on his spring v^acation. Fifty-four species of Hemiptera were taken, mainly Heteroptera ; the best returns came from beating cedars and pines, though the beach wash-up yielded as many as twenty-five species, tempted abroad by the warmth of the preceding days. The absence of stones or other suitable shelter made the usual spring methods less productive than usual; rfnd familiar forms predominated, though there were some conspicuous exceptions, like Macrocephalus prehensilis, Baiiasa packardi, Zeliis cervicals, Z. bilobus, Panonius longithts, species not found by Mr. Barber even in his two summers' work in Virginia. TH K NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893. The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month (except June, July, August and September) at 8 p. M., in the American Museum of Natural Histoky, 77th Street and Eighth Ave. Annual dues for Active Members, $3.00. Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to the treasurer. Officers for the Year 1914. President, RAYMOND C. OSBURN Columbia University, New York. Vice-Fresident, H. G. BARBER .... 12 Clay Ave., Roselle Park, New Jersey. Secretary, CHAS. W. LENG 33 Murray St., New York. rr^^ii- 1907. Notes on Some Species of Geometrids. < Ent. News, 18: 146-151. 1907. A New Genus and Two New Species of Geometridae. < Ent. News, 18 : 252-253. 1907. Notes on Eupithecia, with Descriptions of New Species. < Ent. News, 18: 342-350. 1907. Disastrous Fire at Newark, N. J. < Can. Ent., 39 : 307. 1907. Some New Spcci(^ of Western Geometridae. < Can. Ent., 39 : 345- 348. 1907. Notes on Certain Described Species of Geometridse with Descriptions of a Few New Species. < Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 33 : 335-343. 1908. Report of the Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agri- cultural College Experiment Station for the Year 1907. Notes on the Mosquitoes of the Season, pp. 544-560. 1908. New Moths of the Family Geometridae. < Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 16: 19-31. 1908. Plagodis schuylkillensis : A New Geometrid. < Ent. News, 19: 315- 316. 1908. Additions to the List of North American Geometridae, with Notes on Some Described Species. < Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 10: 85-91. 1908. Additional Notes on the Life History of Culex perturbans. < Ent. News, 19 : 473-476. 1909. Report of the Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agricul- tural College Experiment Station for the Year 190S. The Mos- quitoes of the Season, pp. 415-428. 1909. Some New Species of North American Geometridae. < Can. Ent., 41 : 153-157. 193-196. 1909. Geometrid Notes. < Ent. News, 20: 352-354. 1910. Report of the Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agricul- tural College Experiment Station for the Year 1909. Notes of the Season, pp. 457-459- 1910. Report of the Insects of the New Jersey Super-family Geometrioidea. < Ann. Rept. N. J. State Museum, 1909, pp. 494-509. 1910. Studies of the North American Geometrid Moths of the Genus Pero. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 38: 359-377. 1910. New Species and One New Genus of Geometridae. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 18: 199-207. 191 1. A New Canadian Geometrid. < Can. Ent., 43: 225-226. 191 1. Utetheisa bella var. nova. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 19: 196-198. 191 1. Migration of Alabama argillacea Hubner. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 19 : 259-261. 191 1. A Contribution Toward the Life History of Emphor bombiformis Cress. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 19: 239-244. 1912. The Seventeen-year Locust Group. Am. Museum Jour. XII: 187-189. 1912. Professor John Bernhardt Smith, Sc.D. < Ent. News, 23: 193—196. 1912. Habits of Ccrccris fumipcnnis Say. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 20: 135- Dec, 1914] Funkhouser: Membracid^ from the Andes. 275 1912. List of Insects Collected by the "Albatross" Expedition in Lower Cali- fornia in 191 1, with Description of a New Species of Wasp. < Bulletin Am. Mus. Xat. Hist., 31 : 323-326. 1912. Book Notice. Genera Insectorum, Diriges par P. Wytsman, 103-me Fasicule. Lepidoptera, Heterocera, Family Geometridae, by Louis P. Prout, 1910. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Sec, 20: 195—197. 1912. Miscellaneous Notes and Descriptions of North American Geometridae. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 20 : 282-292. 1912. Types of Insects, Except Lepidoptera and Formicidae, in the American Museum of Natural History Additional to those Previously Listed. < Bulletin Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31 : 353-379. 1912. A Review of the Species Comprising the Glaucina-Ccenocharis Group. < Bulletin Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31 : 381-407. 19 1 3. John B. Smith as a Lepidopterist. < Proceedings Staten Island Asso- ciation Arts and Sciences, 4: 28—31. 19 1 3. Bibliography of the Published Writings of Professor John B. Smith. < Proceedings Staten Island Association Arts and Sciences, 4 : 32-54- 19 13. The Relation of Mosquitoes to their Environment. < Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, 21 : 55-61. I REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF MEMBRACIDAE FROM THE COLOMBIAN ANDES, TAKEN BY MR. JOHN THOMAS LLOYD.^ By W. D. Funkhouser, Ith.aca, N. Y. Through the courtesy of Mr. John Thomas Lloyd I have been permitted to examine a small but very interesting- series of insects be- longing to the family Membracidse, collected by Mr. Lloyd in the central Cordilleras in the spring of 1912, and representing a part of the collection made by Mr. Lloyd and Dr. A. A. Allen on their trip to this region. Only eight species are represented in this collection, but of these, one is new, and several of the others are of much interest on account of their rarity and the fact that they have seldom been mentioned in literature. The synonymy and bibliography of the South American forms of the Membracidae are in so much confusion 1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University. 'J76 Journal New York Entomological Society. ['^'°'- ^^H- that I have thought it advisable to include the more important refer- ' ences to the species here mentioned. The Membracidse were collected from two localities, " La \'alle dc las Papas " and " Almagucr." The former has been well described in Mr. Alexander's paper on the Tipulidx from this region (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Sept., 1913, XXI : 3, 194) and the latter is mentioned in the same paper as including the village of that name and the " moss " forest on the mountain ridge west of the village. It was in this latter vicinity, on the trail, and at the edge of the forest that most of the membracids were taken. The topography of the mountain sides throughout this region as described by Mr. Lloyd is most interesting, in that the forest zone does not begin until an altitude of about 10,000 feet is reached, and extends from that point upward to an altitude of 12,600 feet, above which the peaks are again free from trees to the summit. The ab- sence of forests below the 10,000 feet line has not been explained, but ]\Ir. Lloyd suggests that this area of the mountain sides may not receive the moisture laden winds which are intercepted by the peaks of the western range, while the area above is swept by these winds and is consequently humid and enabled to support vegetation. Both Dr. Allen and Mr. Lloyd have observed that the lower line of the forest seems to vary in altitude with that of the corresponding sum- mits of the costal range, and average from 6,500 to 10,000 feet above the sea level. In this forest the vegetation is so overgrown with moss that the plants and trees present a weird appearance, the trunks and branches seeming to be much larger than they really are, on account of the great loads of the moss and epiphytes which they are forced to bear (PI. I, Fig. i). The condition suggests the name "moss" forest, and on the trail through this forest insects were collected by sweep- ing and were taken from low plants and bushes. At Almagucr the forest extends almost to the top of the moun- tain. The membracids were found at an altitude of 10,350 feet, just above the line at which the forest begins. Although the camp located at this place was only about thirteen miles from the village, the climatic conditions of the two localities were entirely different due to the difference in altitudes, the village being situated on the side of the range at an altitude of 7,500 feet and being without rain at a time Dec, 1914] Funkhouser: Membracid^ from the Andes. 277 when the locality of the camp was in the zone of heavy precipitation. The specimens of membracids bear the date label March 11, 1912. Mr. Lloyd's field notes for this date record the weather as being rainy and cold, the rainy season having just commenced. The temperature en that date was 48° at 7:30 A. M. and 58° at noon. It is interesting to note that the temperature records showed an almost constant varia- tion of ten degrees between the lowest and the highest temperature for each day. The specimens from the Valle de las Papas were collected from March 21 to April 3. During this time it rained almost continuously and the locality was constantly submerged in heavy clouds ; the altitude was 10,000 ft. Subfamily MEMBRACINJE. 1. Campylenchia nutans Germ. 1818. Mcmbracis nutans Germ., Mag. Ent., IV: 28, 30. 1835. Germ., Rev. Silb., LLL: 227, 14. 1846. Fairm., Rev. Memb., 252, 33. 1 85 1. Enchenopa nutans Walk., List Horn. Brit. Mus., 482, 6, 1858. Membracis nutans Stal, Rio Jan. Hem., II: 23, 7. 1869. Enchenopa nutans Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan., 271, 4. 1869. Campylenchia nutans Stal, Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh., 271. 1890. Enchenopa nutans Leth., Ann. ent. Soc. Fr., 153. 1894. Campylenchia nutans Fowler, Biol. Cent. Amer., 12, 11, tab. i, figs. 18, 1 8a. 1903. Enchenopa nutans Buckton, Mon. Memb., 47, pi. 5, fig. 5. Habitat. — Almaguer. This species appears to be widely distributed throughout Central and South America. Canon Fowler records it from Panama, Bugaba, Caldera and David, and I have specimens from Brazil, Bolivia and British Guiana. Subfamily HOPLOPHORINiE. 2. Alchisme inertnis Fairm. 1846. Triquetra inermis Fairm., Rev. Memb., 280, i. 185 1. Walk., List Hom. Brit. Mus., 521, i. 1869. Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan., 266, 4. 1903. Microscheina ■inermis Buckton, Mon. Memb., 93, pi. 18, figs. 6, 6a, 6&. Habitat. — Valle de Papas, Caqueta, Colombia ; Almaguer. A series of six specimens; three males and two females from the Valle de Papas, and one female from Almaguer. 278 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxii. Kirkaldy has proposed the name Alchisme for this genus (En- tomologist, 1904, 37, p. 279) to take the place of the preoccupied genus Triquetra. It would seem at present a rather unnecessary multiplication of genera to raise Stal's subgenus Microschcma to generic rank. Subfamily SMILIIN^. 3. Ceresa vitulus Fab. 1775. Membracis vitulus Fab., Syst. Ent., 677, 10. 1781. Fab., Spec. Ins., .II: 317, 11. 1787. Fab., Mant. Ins., II: 265, 21. 1794. Fab., Ent. Syst., IV: 14, 25. 1803. Centrotns vitulus Fab., Syst. Rhyng., 20, 21. 1S20. Centrotus pallens Germ., Mag. Ent., Ill: 25, 26. 1835. Smilia vitulus Burm., Handb. Ent., II: 137, 2. 1835. Smilia pallens Germ., Rev. Silb., Ill: 235, 6. 1840. Membracis vitulus Blanch., Hist. Nat. Ins., Ill: 180, 11. 1843. Ceresa vitulus Am. & Serv., Hem., 540, i. 1846. Fairm., Rev. Memb., 283, i. 1846. Ceresa spinifera Fairm., Rev. Memb., 284, 6. 185?. Ceresa vitulus Walk., List Horn. Brit. Mus., 525, i. 1851. Ceresa spinifera Walk., List Hom. Brit. Mus., 526, 6. 1858. Ceresa curvilinea Walk., List Hom. Brit. Mus. Suppl., 132. 1858. Ceresa excisa Walk., Ins. Saund. Horn., 68. 1869. Ceresa vitulus Stal, Hem. Fab., II : 24, 2. 1869. Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan., 246, 11. 1877. Butler, Cist. Ent., II: 219, 27. 1890. Leth., Ann. ent. Soc. Fr., 153. 1894. Goding, Cat. Memb. N. A., 405, 36. 1895. Fowler, Biol. Cent. Amer., 102, i, 1895. Ceresa vitulus var. minor Fowl., Biol. Cent. Amer., 103. 1903. Ceresa minor Buckton, Men. Memb., 171, pi. 35, figs. 6, 6a. 1903. Ceresa vitulus Buckt. Mon. Memb., 172, pi. 35, figs. 8, 8a. Habitat. — Almaguer. I believe the above to be the correct synonymy of this species which is the type of Amyot and Serville's genus Ceresa and has had an interesting history in the literature of the Membracidae. It is ap- parently abundant throughout South America and extends in its range as far north as Mexico. 4. Euretea personata Stal. 1869. Phacusa personata Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan., 247, 2. 1895. Euretea personata Fowler, Biol. Cent. Amer., 113, i, tab. 7, figs. 22, 22a. Dec, T9I4-] Funkhouser: Membracid^ from the Andes. 279 Habitat.- — Almaguer. One specimen which I determine as Eiiretea personata. This specimen agrees with Stal's description and the species is excellently figured by Fowler. It is evidently rare. 5. Ennya bicristata Stal. (PI. 2, figs, i and 2.) 1869. Ennya bicristata Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan., 238, 3. Habitat. — Almaguer. I have been unable to find any record of this species in literature since Stal's original description. It is a remarkable and beautiful insect. 6. Heranice miltoglypta Fairm. (PI. 2, figs. 3 and 4.) 1846. Thclia >niltoglypta Fairm., Rev. Memb., 306, 2, pi. 5, figs. 4, 12. 185 1. Walk., List Horn. Brit. Mus., 555, 2. 1867. Heranice miltoglypta Stal, Oefvers. Vet-Akad. Forh., 554. 1903. Thelia multoglypta Buckt., Mon. Memb., 194, pi. 42, figs. 3, 4. 1903. Heranice (?) multoglypta Buckt., Mon. Memb., 218, 5. Habitat. — Almaguer. A series of thirteen specimens of this remarkable membracid. The species is easily recognized by its strongly keeled pronotum and gen- eral boatlike aspect. Mr. Lloyd reports that this species was very abundant along the trail through the forest of Almaguer and he was very fortunate in securing an excellent negative showing adults, nymphs and eggs all on one plant (pi. i, fig. 2). This plant is de- scribed as being a low thorny bush with large leaves and spiny branches but it was unfortunately not determined in the course of the expedition. According to the field notes it was found commonly and averaged from two to three feet in height. 7. Thrasymedes pallescens Stal. (PI. 2, figs. 5 and 6.) 1869. Phacusa pallescens Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan., 247, i. 1S94. Coding, Cat. Memb. N. A., 410, 49. 1895. Fowler, Biol. Cent. Amer., iii, 2. 1903. Buckton, Mon. Memb., 175. Habitat. — Valle de Papas, Caqueta, Colombia. This species evidently has a wide range since the type locality is Mexico. It is seldom to be found, however, in collections. I have adopted Kirkaldy's proposed name for the preoccupied genus Phacusa of Stal. 280 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, f^'o'- xxii. 8. Maturna lloydi new species. (PI. 2, figs. 7 and 8.) The genus Maturna was erected by Stal to admit M. cphippegera of Fairmaire and is characterized by the rounded unprominent lateral angles and the compressed elevated dorsum. From the variation shown by the insects of the group to which this genus belongs, it would appear that these characters are not as distinct as might be desired, but at present the following species must be placed in the above genus. Near M. ephippegera Fairm., but smaller, more slender, and with dorsal sinus and crests entirely lacking. Shape of pronotum recalling a small Methesia but with almost straight dorsum and only one discoidal area in tegmina. Sides of prothorax strongly three-ridged on each side ; median carina prominent ; posterior process barely exceeding apex of tegmina ; base of tcgmen strongly punctate and pubescent; color yellow-testaceous. Head wider than long, very roughly sculptured, strongly punctate, pubes- cent ; eyes brown, not prominent from front view but very prominent as seen from the side ; ocelli white, prominent, equidistant from each other and from the eyes and situated slightly below a line passing through center of eyes ; clypeus short, faintly trilobed. Pronotum long, narrow, rough, strongly punc- tate, very sparingly pubescent ; front sloping backward above head, hollowed out above eyes ; humeral angles rounded, not prominent ; median carina strong and percurrent ; three lateral ridges on each side, the two lower becoming obsolete before the humeral angles; dorsal line of thorax faintly sinuate, sud- denly sloping downward behind middle ; posterior process long, tectiform, gradually acute, extending just beyond the tips of elytra. Elytra more than half covered by the pronotum, proximal half coriaceous and opaque, densely punctured and pubescent; distal half hyaline with faint fuscous cloud at tip. Pectoral regions and undersurface of abdomen deep chocolate brown. Legs luteus; femora smooth and slightly marked with brown; tibije finely spined. Type — Male. Length 6 mm. ; width between humeral angles 2.z mm. Habitat. — Valle dc Papas, Caqueta, Colombia. Explanation of Plates. Plate X. Figure i. Adults, nymphs and eggs of Heranice milloglypla Fairin. Pho- tographs by Mr. J. T. Lloyd. Figure 2. Forest of Almaguer, showing moss-covered vegetation. '^^^s^SOs^ Uh .^:^^:^;; C3 Co s CD Jourii. N. Y. Enf. Soc. Vol. XXII. PL XL 6 8 Membracidffi. Dec, 1914-] Mallock: North American Bezzia. 281 Plate XL Fig. I. Ennya bicristata Stal, lateral outline. Fig. 2. Same, frontal outline. Fig. 3. Heranice miltoglypta Fairm., lateral outline. Fig. 4. Same, frontal outline. Fig. 5. Thrasymedes pallescens Stal, lateral outline. Fig. 6. Same, frontal outline. Fig. 7. Mafiirna Uoydi sp. nov., lateral outline. Fig. 8. Same, frontal outline. SYNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BEZZIA (CHIRONOMID^). By J. R. Malloch, Urban.\, Illinois. Owing to the fact that descriptions of species in all genera of the Ceratopogoninae have been published at various times in different journals, and that heretofore no one has attempted to bring them together in the form of synoptic tables, it is an extremely difficult and tedious task to identify specimens belonging to this subfamily. Fol- lowing my invariable custom when working over material belonging to other families, I have drawn up a synoptic table for the species of Bezzia, and hope that in presenting this for publication I may be able to materially assist students of Chironomid?e in identifying their species. I have already in print synopses of several genera, and in this paper present one which includes all the species known to me from North America which belong to the genus Bezzia. The members of this genus may be separated from all others in Ceratopogoninae by the absence of the second vein, or, in other words, of the cross vein connecting the first and third veins; by the absence of surface hairs from the wings; the absence of empodia; and by the presence of thornlike bristles on the ventral surface of at least one pair of the femora. Probczzia differs from Bezzia only in having the femora without thorns. None of the species of Bezzia are common with the possible ex- ception of setulosa Loew, which is the only one known in the early 282 Journal New York Extomological Society. [^'°'- xxii. stages. Professor Johannsen describes the larva and pupa of this species in Bulletin 86 (1905) of the New York State Museum, p. 102, and the writer has also succeeded in rearing the species. Descriptions of three species are given in this paper, the types being deposited in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. The species taken by the writer have all been either swept from vegetation near streams, or taken on windows, or at rest on houses, etc., in similar situations. This paper is published by permission of Dr. S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois. Synopsis of Species. 1. \\'ing with two black spots punctipeunis \\'illiston. Wing unspotted z 2. Only the fore femora with spines 3 At least fore and hind femora spinosc 10 3. Halteres black 4 Halteres pale, rarely brownish 5 4. Claws simple veuustula Williston. Claws with central tooth flaz'itarsis n. sp. 5. Fifth hind tarsal joint with ventral spines 6 Fifth joint of hind tarsus unspined 7 6. Third vein extending six sevenths of the wing length ; fourth vein forking slightly before the cross vein setipes Coquillett.* Third vein extending three fourths of the wing length ; fourth vein fork- ing considerably beyond the cross vein expoUta Coquillett. 7. Hind tibiae with distinct bristles media Coquillett. Hind tihise without distinct bristles 8 8. Abdomen black pniinosa Coquillett. Abdomen in part pale yellow 9 9. .Abdomen pale yellow, dorsum of first segment brown. .Z'aricolor Coquillett. Abdomen pale yellow, apical half blackened apicata n. sp. 10. All femora with one spine barbcri Coquillett. Femora otherwise than above 11 1 1. Only fore and hind femora spiucd 12 All femora with spines 13 12. Last tarsal joint spinose ventrally ; halteres yellow setipes Coquillett. Last tarsal joint without spines ; halteres black dcntata n. sp. 13. All femora spinose on almost their entire length johusoni Coquillett. Femoral spines confined to apical half 14 14. Halteres white; abdomen white, fuscous-tinged; hind tibia; spinose. selulosa Loew. 1 See also section 11. Dec, 1914-] Mallock: North American Bezzia. 283 Halteres black or brown j - 15. Halteres brown ; third vein extending four fifths of the wing length ; one claw on each tarsus with central tooth pulverea Coquillett. Halteres black ; third vein extending three fourths of the wing-length ; both claws on tarsi with a central tooth dentala n. sp. It should be borne in mind that the sexes of many of the species in Ceratopogoninse differ very considerably from each other in color, venation, and leg armature, and in using the above table care will be required to avoid misinterpretation. The females are much more common than the males, and as an indication of this I may mention that only expolita of the genus Bezzia was described from the male alone, while but two others, punctipcnnis and setulosa, were repre- sented by both sexes when the original descriptions were written. It will thus be seen that there is some probability that the synopsis here given will not prove altogether reliable for the identification of males of the described North American species of this genus, but it will serve for the identification of the females. Bezzia flavitarsis new species. Female. — Shining black. Head black, flagellum of antennae, and the palpi brown. Disc of mesonotum and scutellum glossy black ; pleurae shining, slightly brownish on the lower portions. Abdomen shining black. Legs black, fore femora except the dorsal surface, mid femora narrowly on the ventral surface, fore and mid tibiae at apices, and the entire tarsi of all legs brownish yellow. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres black, stems partly yellowish, apices of knobs brown. All bristles and hairs black. Eyes distinctly separated, the frons about one fifth as wide as head ; an- tennae slender, last five joints elongated, the entire length of each antenna equal to that of head and thorax combined ; proboscis much shorter than head. Mesonotum with numerous closely placed short hairs ; a group of distinct setulose hairs above and in front of wing base, and two to three in front of lateral anterior angles of scutellum on mesonotum ; scutellum with very weak discal hairs and about eight marginal setulae. Abdominal segments almost bare. Legs of moderate strength, fore femora slightly thickened ; ventral sur- face of fore femora with four to five distinct spines, the other femora unspined ; hind tibiae with the hairs on dorsal surface rather setulose ; basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three joints combined; fourth joint about half as long as fifth ; claws equal, rather short, not more than half as long as fifth joint, the latter without ventral spines, both tarsal claws with a distinct tooth on inner surface at middle. Wings with third vein extending three fourths of the wing length ; first vein joining costa very slightly before middle of last section of third; media forking before the cross vein, the base of its posterior L 284 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'^i- xxii, branch indistinct ; cubitus forking slightly distad of the cross vein, both of its branches slightly arcuate. Length, 2.25 mm. Type locality: Monticello, 111., June 21, 1914 (J. R. Alalloch). Bezzia apicata new species. Male. — Head black; scape of antennae black, flagellum, except joints four- teen and fifteen, which are blackened, pale yellow ; antennal plumes pale yel- low ; palpi brown. Thorax deep black, disc subshining, a large white poUinose spot behind each anterior angle on the submedian line, each spot being carried posteriorly for a short distance as a narrow stripe, giving it the appearance of a cornucopia with the wide end towards the anterior margin of disc; scu- tellum black, subopaque ; pleurae subshining on upper, glossy on lower, half. Abdomen whitish yellow, apical three segments and the hypopygium shining black. Legs yellow ; coxae, a distinct band before apex of fore femora, an indistinct one before apex of mid femora, the apical fifth of hind femora, and an indistinct band on fore tibiae and the apices of all tibiae, black ; tarsal claws black. Wings clear, veins almost colorless. Halteres whitish yellow. Tho- racic bristles black, the soft hairs on other parts of body pale. Antenna about 1.5 times as long as head and thorax together, joints eleven to fifteen elongated, basal joint globose, large ; eyes separated. Meso- notum with surface slightly granulose, the discal hairs short, rather soft, and numerous, bristles as in fiavitarsis ; scutellum with six marginal bristles. Hy- popygium longer than last segment, the lateral arms slender. Legs slender, fore femora not thickened, the ventral surface with five to six thorns, the other femora without thorns; hind tibiae with distinct soft hairs, but without sctulse ; basal joint of hind tarsi subequal to the length of the next three joints combined ; fifth joint about three times as long as fourth, without ventral spines ; tarsal claws equal, simple, their length about half that of fifth joint. Third vein two thirds of the wing length ; first vein extending to middle of last section of third ; media forking at cross vein, the posterior branch indis- tinct at base, forming an acute angle with anterior branch ; cubitus forking midway between the cross vein and apex of first. Length, 1.5 mm. Type locality: INIuncie, 111., IMay 24, 1914 (J. R. Malloch). Bezzia dentata new species. Female. — Shining black. Head black ; antennae brown, apex of second joint and bases of the short joints of flagellum yellowish ; palpi brown. Meso- notum with whitish pollinose markings as in apicata, postnotum and upper half of pleurae covered with sparse whitish pollinosity, the lower half of latter glossy black. Abdomen unicolorous black, slightly shining. Legs black, fore femora, except on the dorsal surface, mid femora on basal half of the same surface, fore tibiae at bases, fore and mid tibiae at apices, and all the tarsi yellowish. Wings clear, veins brownish. Halteres black, stalks yellow at bases. Bristles on thorax black, the soft hairs on legs pale. I I Dec, 1914] Leng: New Species of Arthromacra. 285 ) Eyes distinctly separated; antennje slender, in length equal to about 1.5 times that of head and thorax combined, joints eleven to fifteen much elon- gated, the hairs on basal half of flagellum about equal in length to the joints on which they are situated. Mesonotum with numerous short setulose hairs on disc, the posterior half with two rows of three distinct bristles, situated on the lines generally occupied by dorso-centrals ; the group of bristles in front of wing-base strong; scutellum short, its margin with about six bristles. Surface of abdomen with very short hairs. Legs of moderate strength, fore femora slightly thickened ; thorns on femora as follows : fore, five or six ; mid, one or two ; hind, five or six ; dorsal surface of hind tibias with the hairs setulose; basal joint of hind tarsi almost as long as remaining joints together; fourth joint very short, not over half as long as fifth, the latter without ventral spines ; claws equal, rather short, about half as long as fifth joint, each with a distinct central tooth on inner side at middle. Third vein extending more than two thirds of the wing-length ; first vein extending two fifths of the length of last section of third ; media forking at cross vein, the base of posterior branch indistinct ; cubitus forking slightly distad of the cross vein. Male. — Similar to the female in color. Plumes of antennae golden yellow, joints eleven to fifteen with short white hairs. Thoracic pruinescence very sparse. Eyes narrowly separated ; length of antenna about twice that of head and thorax combined. Bristles on posterior half of thorax stronger than in female. Hypopygium large, basal portion of lateral arm much swollen and nearly twice as long as the small clawlike apical portion. Legs more distinctly setulose than those of the female, all the tibiae with series of distinct setulae ; tarsi as in female ; claws equal, simple. Venation as in female. Length, 1.75-2.5 mm. Type locality: Monticello, 111., June 21-28, 1914 (J. R. Malloch). The spines on mid femora are often difficult to see and for this reason I have inserted this species in the sections of table dealing with species '" with " and also " without " spines. I A NEW SPECIES OF ARTHROMACRA WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES OF LAGRIID^. By Charles W. Leng, West New Brighton, N. Y. Col. Wirt Robinson has collected in Nelson Co., Virginia, a con- siderable number of a species of Arthromacra which differs from the previously described species by the vivid green color, the smooth, shin- ing, distantly punctate thorax and especially by the great length of the last joint of the antennas of the male. This species should be dedi- cated to him in recognition of the work he has done, though busy ^ 286 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxii. with many other occupations, in making known the Coleoptera of West Point and Virginia, and may be described as follows: Arthromacra robinsoni new species. Vivid green above, dark cupreous beneath ; pronotum smooth, shining, distantly punctate ; antennse, mouth parts, tibiae and tarsi fuscous ; the an- tennal joints, except the tenth, scarcely serrate, the eleventh joint very long in the male, 2.12 mm. in actual length, much longer than in A. anea, and equal to at least six preceding joints combined, shorter in the female, equal to about four preceding joints. A little smaller, but otherwise similar to A. a-nea, the elytra similarly rugosely punctate with faint indications of longi- tudinal costse, and the tarsi similarly hairy beneath. Length, male, 8.0-8.5 mm. ; female, 1 1 mm. Occurs in Nelson Co., Va. Type male and female in my collection. A. (male) B. (female) antenna; of A. robinsoni. C. (male) D. (female) antenna of A. ccnea. The proportions of the antennal joints are shown in the drawings, herewith reproduced, of Mr. C. E. Olsen. He detached the antennae from the specimens and mounted them on slides, so that they could be drawn with the precise accuracy of microscopic measurements. In A. robinsoni, being a smaller insect, the entire antenna is shorter than in A. crnca; but in both sexes the last joint is actually longer, and proportionately very much longer, as shown by the figures and meas- urements of Mr. Olsen, viz.: A. robinsoni, male, entire antenna = 5.25 mm., last joint = 2.12 mm. A. robinsoni, female, entire antenna = 4.75 mm., last joint =1.5 mm. A. ccnea, male, entire antenna = 6.00 mm., last joint =1.75 mm. A. anea, female, entire antenna = 5.50 mm., last joint =1.3 mm. In A. robinsoni the last joint of the male equals at least six preced- ing joints, the last joint of the female about four; in ccnea the last Dec, I9I4-] Leng: New Species of Arthromacra. 287 joint of the male equals about three and one third precerling joints, the last joint of the female about two and three quarters preceding joints. The following details of the capture of this species have been supplied b}' Col. Robinson. " While collecting beetles near my home in Nelson County, Virginia, in the latter part of June, 191 1, I noticed in the wood road that I was following numerous droppings of toads and, in all of these, brilliant golden green elytra of a beetle unknown to me. On June 30 I took one of these beetles crawling over dead leaves on the road side. On June 30, 1913, I went to the same locality with the hope of taking others but for some hours my search was unavailing. I finally came to a small opening in the woods where the timber had been cut down several years before and shoots, mainly of oak, had sprouted up around the stumps and reached a height of eight or ten feet. The clumps of these sprouts were very thick. At almost the first stroke of my beating stick there poured into my umbrella a shower of golden green beetles. In a few minutes I took over sixty. They were mating and I took many pairs in copulation. When fresh, the males are brilliant green, the females a red gold with greenish tinge; but after a while the females change to green like the males. To clinch my conclusion that I had a new species, the common form (A. ccnea) was taken abundantly with the green one and the sexes were also mating; but in no case was there any pairing between individuals of different color." This species has been compared with A. glabricoUis Blatchley, of which the types were kindly loaned by the author; and no close re- semblance was found. The antennae in A. glabricoUis are similar to those of A. ccnca, the last joint being as long in the male as the three or four preceding joints combined. The thorax of A. glabricoUis is also different from that of A. robinsoni, for while smooth as compared with that of A. ccnea, the tendency to form transverse rugae is still traceable, though reduced to a minimum, while that of A. robinsoni is absolutely smooth and shining, interrupted only by the distant punctua- tion. That A. ccnca is variable in the degree of thoracic sculpture is well shown in a specimen I collected in the mountains of northern Georgia, in which the thorax is strongly transversely rugose, being in that respect exactly opposite to A. glabricoUis, as well as the largest and most southern example known to me. This may be known as ccnea var. rugosccoUis. It is possible that A. glabricoUis should 288 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- xxii. also be entitled to somewhat less than specific rank, since in this genus, as in Statira, specific difference seems to be indicated by a difference in relative length of antennal joints rather than sculpture. Comparison has also been made with the original descriptions of Sav's (Tiica and Kirby's donacioidcs, and with specimens, kindly sent by Mr. J. I. Beaulne, of Ottawa, of the latter. The Canadian specimens agree in every respect with those from the Atlantic States (of which the collection of Mr. Wm. T. Davis contains a long series) and with Kirby's description, based upon specimens from Lake St. Clair (be- tween Michigan and Ontario) and Massachusetts. They do not however agree with Say's description of A. ccnca, either in color or locality for he describes an insect that is " green, sometimes tinged with brassy " of which a specimen was obtained on " Red River " in the course of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River. This would now be in North Dakota or northern Minnesota. I have been unable to obtain any specimens from Say's type locality ; if any can later be examined, it is possible that they may not prove identical with Kirby's species; a possibility that becomes even a probability in view of the variations already made known and the discrepancies in the descriptions. It seems also advisable to point out that the statement in Leconte and Horn's Classification that all our species of Lagriidse belong to the tribe Statirinae requires correction as mentioned by Champion (Biol. Cent.-Am. Col., IV, 2, p. 4). Seidlitz (Ins. Deutschl., V, 2, 1898) groups the species into three tribes, viz.: Trachelostenin?e, Lagriinae and Statirin?e. The first comprises only six South American species, the second includes Arthromacra and other genera of palsearctic origin, the third includes Statira and other genera of tropical origin; and it is interesting to note that while Arthromacra occurs only in our northern region, Statira is represented by two species in the Antilles and in our southern states by thirteen species of which two reach as far north as Pennsylvania and New York. Many of the species of Statira have become known through Mr. Schaeffer's work in Arizona and Brownsville, Texas. Both genera occur in the vicinity of New York City, one coming down to us from the north, the other up from the south. I have not found any American reference to the food habits of any species of Lagriidas; the European Lagria hirta, the first species of the family to be described, has been repeatedly redescribed in all fc I Dec, 1914] Leng: New Species of Arthromacra. 289 its stages, the references in the J""k Catalogus covering two entire pages. The larva, fide Lyonet (Rech. s. I'anat., 1832, p. 112), feeds on the dead leaves, in which adult larvae have been found in May; but Perris (I\Iem. Soc. Sc, Liege, 1855, p. 255), thought this view con- testable on account of the affinities observed with larvae of Silphidse and Dermestidje and suggested that the food was more probably dead or living animal matter, hidden in the leaves. As the list of our species of Lagriidae contained in Junk Catalogue, 1910, is greatly increased, a list of the species now known is added. Family LAGRIID.S;. Tribe Lagriini. Genus Arthromacra Kirby. A. aenea Say. Red River. Say, Lang's Exped., II, 1824, p. 287; Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XV, 1888, p. 28; Blatchley, Beetles of Indiana, 1910, p. 1284. fdonacioides Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am., IV, 1837, p. 239. N. E. America, var. glabricoUis Blatchley. Indiana. Blatchley, Beetles of Indiana, 1910, p. 1285, fig. 570. var. rugosecollis Leng n. var. Georgia. A. robinsoni Leng n. sp. Virginia. Tribe Statirini. Genus Statira Serville. Synopsis: Schaeffer, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIII, 1905, p. 179. S. basalis Horn. Southern United States. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XV, 1888, p. 31- S. croceicollis Maklin. Southern United States. Maklin, Mex. Art. Act. Soc. Fenn., 1863, p. 594; Horn, /. c, p. 30. S. gagatina Melsheimer. Northern United States. Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Phil., II, 1846, p. 311; Horn, /. c, p. 31. Blatchley, Beetles of Indiana, 1910, p. 1285. S. opacicollis Horn. Arizona. Horn, /. c, 1888, p. 30. S. resplendens Melsheimer. Pennsylvania. Melsheimer, /. c, 1846, p. 311 ; Horn, /. c, p. 30; Blatchley, /. c, 1285. S. robusta Schaeffer. Texas. Schaeffer, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 1905, P- 180. S. subnitida Leconte. Lower California. Leconte, New Spec. Col., 1866, p. 141 ; Horn, /. c, p. 29. S. colorata Fall. Lower California. Fall, Can. Ent., 1909, p. 165. S. pluripunctata Horn. Arizona. Horn, /. c, 1888, p. 29; Champion, Biol. Cent. Am. Col., IV, 2, p. 52. 290 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- x>^ii- S. simulans SchaetTer. Texas. Shaeffer, /. c, XIII, 1905, p. 180. S. huachucse Schaeffer. Arizona. Schaeffer, Sci. Bull. Brookl. Inst. Mus., I, 1905, p. 176. S. defecta Schaeffer. Arizona. Schaeffer, /. c, p. 175. S. pulchella Miiklin. Mexico, Texas. Maklin, /. c, p. 589 ; Champion, /. c, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 8 ; Schaeffer, Jovjrn. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIII, 1905, p. 180. There are many Mexican species of Statira, which are not included in this list. A SHORT REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ONTHOPHAGUS (COL. SCARAB.). By Charles Schaeffer, Brooklyn, X. Y. The addition of three more species of Onthopliagus to our fauna besides those species made known since Dr. Horn published his paper^ on the North American species of this genus make it advisable to give an account of all our species. Dr. Horn enumerated five species in the paper mentioned above with three varieties of janus. Two of these varieties, snbcvncus and orphcus, are restored to specific standing as they are in no way connected with each other. The armature of the head and prothorax of the males of certain Scarab.xid.T differ very much individually and are greatly reduced in the smaller and feebler males which resemble then more or less the females, but, as a rule, either the reduction or the stronger development of the armature affects the head and prothorax alike in the same species and never is one part more developed or reduced than the other. The males of those species of which the two sexes do not differ from each other in the form of prothorax are said to be known only by their more slender anterior tibine and smoother head. This is true, but the difference, especially in the anterior tibia?, is not so striking in our species. However, a better character of distinguishing the two sexes, which I do not find mentioned anywhere, is the form of the 1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. V, p. 137. Dec, 1914] Schaeffer: North American Onthophagus. 2v»1 last abdominal segment. This segment is at middle broadly arcuately emarginate in the male and is therefore much narrower at middle than at sides, while the female has the last abdominal segment not emargi- nate at middle and of equal or very nearly equal width throughout. O. brcvifrons Horn, which I do not know, is not included in the fol- lowing table, but the description is given at the end of the notes and remarks which follow the table. Table of the Species of OiNTHophagus. 1. Thorax and elytra uniformly black, shining 2 Thorax and elytra either variable in color or when black, never shining 3 2. Large species, 10-13 mm., upper cephalic carina of male prolonged into a moderate long horn or acute tubercle on each side, lower carina absent ; clypeus different in the two sexes, broad, sides almost straight, anteriorly reflexed and anterior margin truncate at middle in the male ; narrower with sides oblique and anterior margin emarginate in the female coproides. Smaller species, 6-6.5 nim., upper cephalic carina of male obliterated at middle but on each side visible as a short elevated line; clypeus alike in the two sexes, anterior margin truncate polyphemi. 3. Prothorax on disk and at sides distinctly granulate^ 4 Prothorax not granulate but punctate, at least on disk^ 7 4. Prothorax shining, metallic green ; elytra more or less dark metallic green with base and sometimes apex testaceous ; the head of the male has the upper carina produced on each side into a slender horn, pro- ^L thorax produced at middle into a broad process, which is arcuately ■ emarginate at apex subccnetts. ■ Prothorax dull 5 5. Clypeus emarginate at apex, color brownish black, head of male with two, rather closely placed, erect horns, lower carina absent. Prothorax scarcely produced at middle, the granules less numerous and smaller than in Iiecate velutinus. Clypeus not emarginate at apex, either truncate, rounded or more or less produced at middle 6 6. Uniformly dark or brownish black, elytra in some western specimens at I apex and sides with one or more small testaceous spots; second and following intervals with a confused triseriate punctuation ; upper cephalic carina in male feeble or absent, lower carina distinct ; pro- thoracic process elongate and feebly emarginate at apex with a more or less distinct bidentate process at middle of emargination. . ./recaf^. 1 The granules are very distinct in stibccnetis, hecate and guatemalensis, but are finer and rather more sparsely placed in velutinus. 2 In a few species the thorax at apex at sides and middle has some more or less distinct granules, which, however, do not extend to the disk and base where the thorax is plainly punctured. 292 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- x>^n- Uniformly bluish or greenish, second and following intervals more or less distinctly biseriately punctate; prothoracic process of male similar to small male hecate, upper cephalic carina produced on each side into a more or less distinct, acute tubercle, lower carina distinct. guatemalcnsis. 7. Clypeus at apex truncate or rounded 8 Clypeus at apex distinctly emarginatei 11 8. Prothorax and elytra uniformly metallic green or coppery, shining; pro- thoracic protuberance in male prolonged on each side ; fully devel- oped males have on each side of head a short acute elevation, k-ss developed males a short, oblique, elevated line orplieiis. Prothorax and elytra not uniformly metallic green or coppery 9 9. Base of prothorax with a distinctly elevated, narrow margin. Prothorax metallic green or coppery, shining; elytra testaceous with suture and some irregular spots green or blackish green ; underside black, with metallic reflection. Male with two feeble tubercle-like elevation on vertex and a short lobe-like prothoracic protuberance. .. .an"ronc;iJi'.y. Base of prothorax without distinctly elevated narrow margin 10 10. Prothorax shining, with aeneous or cupreous tint ; elytra uniformly piceous with feeble aeneous tint (janus) ; or piceous with base and sometimes apex also more or less testaceous (stibstriatus). Fully developed males with two elongate cephalic horns, prothorax broadly but feebly pro- duced at middle janus. Prothorax and elytra dull, black or brownish black ; males without any cephalic or prothoracic protuberance or horns pennsylvanicus. 11. Prothorax at base margined with a narrow, elevated line 12 Prothorax at base without narrow elevated line 13 12. Prothorax and elytra cupreous, shining, male without cephalic or pro- thoracic protuberance cribricolUs. Prothorax black or brownish black, convex and declivous in front, elytra testaceous with black spots ; head of male with a strongly produced upper carina which at middle is prolonged into a narrow horn-like prominence, lower carina absent uuclticornis. Prothorax and elytra uniformly black or bluish black ; head of male with- out dislinct carinre or horns; prothorax of male produced at middle into a short broad lobe, the lobe at apex rounded, slightly recurved and feebly emarginate at middle lecontei. 13- Upper cephalic carina in male and female represented by two more or less distinct tubercles, lower carina feeble or absent; prothorax alike in both sexes ; prothorax and elytra brownish black, elytra generally with pale spots tuberculifrons. Male without cephalic carina; or protuberance, female with the usual upper and lower carina: ; prothorax of male produced at middle into a short, broad, conical lobe, except in texauus 14 1 Feebly emarginate in some specimens of nucliiconiis. I Dec, 1914] Schaeffer: North American Onthophagus. 293' 14. Prothorax and elytra uniformly brownish black, dull anthracinus. Prothorax aeneous or bronze, shining 15 15. Prothorax uniformly aeneous or bronze, shining; elytra piceous, with more or less distinct yellow spots, surface with a somewhat greasy appear- ance ; prothorax of male produced anteriorly into a short, conical lobe ; anterior tibiae elongate with a pencil of hairs in the apical emargination landolti. Prothorax shining, bronze or aeneous at middle, at sides more or less yel- lowish ; elytra brown, dull, with yellow spots more or less longitudi- nally confluent, forming in some specimens longitudinal vittae ; pro- thorax alike in the male and the female, unmodified; anterior tibiae of male scarcely more elongate than in the female and without pencil of hairs in the apical emargination texanus. Onthophagus coproides Horn. Horn, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. VII, p. 79. ?0. cuboidalis Bates. Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. 11, pt. 2, p. 79. Our largest species (10— 11 mm.) ; of uniform black color, polished. The clypeus of the male is broad, the sides nearly straight; anterior margin with more or less rounded sides, subtruncate at middle, lower carina present, but feeble ; upper carina arcuate, produced laterally on each side into a short horn. Prothorax suddenly declivous in front, at middle broadly, subtriangularly produced ; the punctuation is rather strong in front becoming finer and almost obliterated at base, the base with narrow, elevated margin. The elytral intervals are feebly punctate. The female has a smaller clypeus with oblique sides and emarginate anterior margin; the carinse are stronger than in the male, the posterior one is somewhat depressed at middle. The description of the Mexican 0. cuboidalis agrees with our insect very closely and is possibly the same. Onthophagus polyi)hemi Hubbard. Hubbard, Insect Life, Vol. VI, p. 311. This species is of the size of O. orphcus fotind in the holes of the gopher (Gopherus polyphemus) in Florida and is one of the remarkable discoveries of the lamented H. G. Hubbard. The color is uniform black, shining. The clypeus is arcuate and feebly truncate in front ; in the male the lower carina is distinct and the upper carina more or less obsolete at middle or sometimes reduced to a pair of tubercles ; the prothorax is convex, rather suddenly declivous in front 294 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. but not produced at middle. The female has the two carinae distinct as usual, and a less convex prothorax than the male without declivity in front. The intervals of the elytra are distinctly biseriately punc- tate. The anterior tibiae are alike in both sexes. Less developed males are hardly distinguishable from the females, except by the different form of the last abdominal segment. Onthophagus subaeneus Bcauvais. Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am., p. 105, tab. 3, fig. 9. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, V, p. 139. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 919- This is a good species and not a variety of janus. It is more closely related in form, sculpture and armature of prothorax to Jiccatc than to any other of our North American species. The color is metallic green, base and apex of elytra and sometimes the pygidium more or less yellowish. The head has the clypeus with a similar process as hecate; in the male the upper carina is weak at middle, but produced on each side into a more or less prominent, acute tu- bercle, or small horn, the prothorax is granulate, produced at middle nearly as in hccatc, but the process is generally broader at apex and without any bidentate process within the apical emargination. The female has the prothorax anteriorly produced into a very short, broad protuberance. Onthophagus velutinus Horn. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Sci., Vol. V, p. 140. This is a smaller and slightly more elongate species than hccatc of uniform black or brownish black color, the prothorax rather sparsely and more finely granulate than in hecate, the clypeus emarginate and the posterior carina of the head of the male small and produced into two moderately long slender horns. The female is unknown to me. It occurs in Lower California and Arizona. Onthophagus hecate Panz. Panz., Faun. Pior. Am. Prodr., 1794, p. 5. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. V, p. 138. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 918. A common, well-known eastern species which is found as far south as Florida antl extends west to Texas and Kansas. Dec, 1914] SCHAEFFER : NORTH AMERICAN OnTHOPHAGUS. 295 The color is uniformly dull black or brownish black, the elytra in some speciments from Kansas and Texas have a very few pale spots at sides and apex; the prothorax is granulated and the intervals of the elytra finely so. The apex of the clypeus is prolonged into a more or less prominent subtriangular process ; the male has the upper carina very faint or absent, the lower present ; prothorax produced at middle into a rather broad, elongate process which is anteriorly emarginate with a small bidentate process at middle of emargination. The prothorax of the female is anteriorly less convex than in the male and has a short, broad protuberance which is truncate in front. Onthophagus guatemalensis Bates. Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. II, pi. 2, p. ■}■>,, tab. V, figs. 16 and i6a. Though described and known only from such remote localities as British Honduras and Guatemala specimens in my collection from New Braunfels, Texas agree so closely with the description that I am compelled to refer these to 0. guatemalensis. This species is very much like 0. hccatc in form and sculpture of prothorax and elytra, but the color is always distinctly bluish green, and in the more de- veloped males the upper cephalic carina is on each side acutely pro- duced; the prothorax is not as closely granulate as in hecatc, the median lobe, in fully developed males, is strongly produced and furcate, nearly as in orphcns, in less developed males the prothoracic and cephalic prominences are nearly as in hecate ; the intervals of the elytra are biseriately punctate or rather granulate. In the female the prothorax and head are as in hecate except that the upper cephalic carina in guatcinalensis is sinuate, in hecate straight. Onthophagus orpheus Panz. Panz., Faun. Bor. Am. Prodr., p. 5, tab. i, fig. 2. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. V, p. 139. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 919. This is not a variety of janus but a distinct species as there is no connecting link between the two, the cephalic and prothoracic processes of the males are entirely different and never approach each other, and the color is always metallic green or bronze, shining. The head of the male has the anterior carina feeble at middle, on each side elevated into an acute tubercle; the prothoracic process is 296 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o^- xxii. elongate, broad and very deeply, arcuately emarginate at middle. The larger females have a short, broad and anteriorly truncate protuber- ance at middle of prothorax in front. In the neighborhood of New York this species is taken occasionally at the Palisades and commonly at West Point by Col. Robinson. Specimens from Wisconsin and Montana in my collection indicate a wide distribution. Onthophagus arizonensis Schaeffer. Schaeff., Sci. Bull. Brookl. Inst. Mus., Vol. I, p. 382. This species was collected by F. W. Nunnenmacher in Nogales, Arizona. Metallic green with more or less cupreous tint on head and pro- thorax, elytra pale with suture and a number of variable spots metallic green, the spots more or less longitudinally and transversely confluent. The clypeus is truncate at apex. The head of the male has the upper carina represented by two feeble tubercles, the lower carina is absent. The prothorax of the male is produced at middle into a short cone-like projection. Onthophagus janus Panz. Panz., Faun. Bor. Am. Prodr., 1794, p. 5, tab. i, fig. 3. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. See, Vol. V, p. 139. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 919. Onthophagus striatulus Beauv. Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am., p. 92, tab. 3, fig. 5. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. V, p. 139. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 919. This well-known species is widely distributed in the Eastern United States. Head and prothorax metallic green or bronze, shining; elytra less shining than the prothorax, uniformly piceous with more or less cupreous reflection {janus) or piceous with base and apex more or less pale (striatulus). Head of male with clypeus anteriorly rounded, lower carina absent, upper carina feeble and on each side produced into an acute tubercle or slender horn. Prothorax produced at middle into a very short, broad projection. Both forms janus and striatulus occur together and are connected by intermediate forms. Dec, 1914] Schaeffer: North American Onthophagus. 297 Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold. Harold, Coleopterologische Hefte, Vol. VHI, p. 115. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. V, p. 141. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 920. Our most common and well known eastern species which is found as far south as Florida and from there extends to Texas and Kansas. The color is generally brov/nish black, with a faint metallic tint on the prothorax. The prothorax is alike in both sexes, not modified in the male. The clypeus is arcuate-truncate in front. The male has the head without carinse, in some specimens, however, the upper carina is faintly indicated. In the female the upper carina is generally very faintly indicated and the lower distinct; in very small females both carinse are often obsolete or even absent. The front tibiae are slightly more elongate in the male than in the female. Onthophagus cribricollis Horn. Horn, Trans. Kans. Acad., Vol. VH, p. ~(- Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 920. This species is described from Kansas and Texas and is reported from Indiana but seems to be very rare in collections. I was unable to secure any specimens from the typical localities but two female specimens in my possession, one from Lakehurst, N. J. and one from Long Island (Yaphank), N. Y., agree in every respect with the description of this species. They look at first sight like very small O. orpheus but the elytra are a little less shining, the prothorax is relatively more coarsely punctate and is distinctly margined at base and the clypeus is rather deeply, triangularly emarginate; the color is dark bronze. The head of the male is described as unarmed and the prothorax not modified. This species is perhaps not as rare as it seems and may be over- looked on account of its great resemblance to very small 0. orpheus. Onthophagus nuchicornis Linn. Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 2, p. 547. Melsh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, Vol. H, p. 134 (O. rhinoceros). An introduced European species, which is frequently taken in New Jersey and New York (Long Island). It is one of the larger species and is black or brownish black, dull, elytra pale, sprinkled with a variable number of darker spots. The 298 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'»'- xxii. clypeus is rather feebly emarginate, the posterior carina of th€ head of the male is produced into a shont, broad plate, from the middle of which arises a narrow horn, the lower carina is absent; the pro- thorax is rather convex and declivous in front without projections. The female has the head with the usual two carinse and the prothorax is less convex than in the male and in fully developed specimens there is at middle a short, broad projection. Onthophagus lecontei Harold. Harold, Col. Heft., Vol. HI, p. 115. Bates, Biol. Cent. Am. Col. Vol. H, pt. 2, p. 73. I have a few specimens from Prescott, Ariz., received from Mr. George Franck, which are referable to this Mexican species. The color is black, opaque, surface sparsely clothed with short, stout, fuscous hairs ; clypeus at apex reflexed and rather deeply emarginate at middle. Prothorax strongly but not densely punctate, subasperate near apex. The elytra have the stri?e feebly impressed and punctate, the intervals with two more or less regular rows of punctures. The males have the upper carina of the head feeble the lower is absent. The prothorax in the male is lobed at middle, the lobe short and broad, rotundate-truncate and slightly reflexed at apex and emarginate at middle. The anterior tibi?e of the male are elongate and slightly curved at apex. Length 4.5-5 mm. Onthophagus tuberculifrons Harold. Harold, Coleopterologische Hefte, Vol. VHI, p. 115. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. V, p. 140. Blatchley, Col. of Ind., p. 919. This species occurs in the pine region of Long Island and New Jersey and extends as far south as Florida. Dull brownish-black, elytra with a variable number of pale spots, which are rarely absent. The clypeus is emarginate at apex; the head has the vertex bitubcrculate in both sexes, the lower carina is more feeble in the male than in the female; the prothorax is unmodified and alike in male and female. Onthophagus anthracinus Harold. Harold, Coleopterologische Hefte, Vol. XI, p. 104. Bates, Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. H, pt. 2, p. -jt. Schaeffer, Sci. Bull. Brookl. Inst. Mus., Vol. I, p. 15. I have taken this Mexican species in Brownsville, Texas and Dec, ipM-] Schaeffer: North American Onthophagus. 299 Huachuca, Mts., Arizona, and have specimens from Nogales, Arizona, collected by F. W. Nunnenmacher. It is a little larger than tubercu- lifrons,oi dull, uniform, brownish color with very feeble bronze lustre. The clypeus is more or less reflexed at apex and anteriorly emargi- Inate. The head of the male has no carinse nor horns or tubercles. The prothorax of the male is produced at middle into a short cone- like projection which is indicated more or less in the prothorax of the female. The anterior tibise of the male are much elongated and have at apex within the emargination a pencil of stiff, long hairs. Onthophagus landolti Harold. Harold, Stett. Ent. Zeitung, 1880, p. 34. Bates, Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. II, pt. 2, p. 75, tab. V, figs. 21 and 21a. Schaeffer, Sci. Bull. Brookl. Inst. Miis., Vol. I, p. 158. Originally described from Colombia and Venezuela this species I extends its range as far north as Texas (Brownsville). Head, prothorax, metasternum and legs metallic green, shining, except the head, which is dull ; elytra and abdomen with very faint bluish or rarely greenish tint, the former generally with a variable •number of small, reddish-yellow spots from base to apex, rarely without spots. The head in the male is very sparsely punctate, the lower carina is absent and the upper carina is represented on each 1 side by a small, rather feeble, arcuate ridge. The prothorax is rather \ coarsely, but sparsely punctate, slightly declivous in front and at middle produced into a very short lobe. The elytra are alutaceous with a somewhat greasy appearance, and the intervals are feebly and finely punctate. The anterior tibi?e of the male are greatly elongated and have within the apical emargination a pencil of stiff hairs, the anterior tibiae are normal in the female and the head has the usual two carinse. It is smaller than O. janus. Onthophagus texanus new species. A few specimens which I have taken in Brownsville, Texas, together with 0. landolti differ from that species in having the pro- thorax more or less yellowish at sides, the elytra dull, brown, with tihe yellow spots forming more or less distinct longitudinal vittae; prothorax of the male without anterior modification, the anterior tibiae scarcely differ from those of the female and are without the pencil of hairs at the apical emargination. 300 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^>^ii- Judging from Bates' remarks in the Biologia 0. landolti is a vari- able species in Mexico and Central America and it is possible that the above described form is only a color variation of landolti. However, my material shows no intermediate forms and the specimens are either referable to landolti or tcxanus. Onthophagus brevifrons Horn. Horn, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. VH, p. 76. " Oval, slightly oblong, robust, convex. Head and thorax more shining, varying in color from bluish to violet or greenish metallic. Clypeus short and broad, very obtuse in front, the margin broadly reflexed, surface coarsely not densely punctured, suture indistinct. Front more densely and finely punctured. Vertex with a feebly elevated, transverse, sinuous ridge. Thorax very little wider than the elytra, anteriorly retuse, and concave at the sides, surface coarsely but sparsely punctured, with finer punctures intermixed, more densely punctured at the middle of the protuberance. Elytra broader than long, finely seven striate, the striae obsoletely, distantly punctulate, the outer striae arcuate, intervals flat, irregularly biseriately punctulate, each puncture with a short, erect hair; surface opaque, finely granu- late, and with slight purple lustre. Body beneath sparsely punctate, abdomen with few finer punctures at the sides. Anterior tibiae quadridentate, the upper tooth smaller. Length, .40 inch; 10 mm. Kansas, Texas." " This species resembles janus, but is larger, more elongate, thorax more retuse in 'front and with a differently formed clypeus and cephalic ornamentation." NEW SPECIES OF PSAMMOCHARID^. By Nathan Banks, Washington, D. C. The new species here described belong mostly to two of the larger genera of the family, genera in which there are still numerous novel- ties yet to be collected in our country, particularly in the western parts. ^^'=-' '914-] Banks: PsAMMOCPiARiD.E. 301 POMPILOIDES. This genus can be divided into two sections or subgenera; the typical one includes P. cylindricus; the pronotum in this section is angulate behind (except in P. subviolaceus) , the third joint of an- tennae in the female is plainly longer than the fourth joint, and there is no distinct comb to the front tarsi. The other section, which may be called Nanopompihis, since it includes A'', argenteiis, has the pro- notum arcuate or nearly straight behind ; the female has a very dis- tinct comb on the front tarsi, and the third joint of the antennae is no longer than the fourth. This section includes argcntcus, con- similis, hyacinthinus, minusculus, padriniis, and parvus, and of those with red on the abdomen, rtifihasis, antumnalis, and pretiosa. Pompiloides autumnalis new species. Female. — Black, with basal half of abdomen red, and pronotum with a silvery hind margin. Clypeus truncate in front ; front with long hair ; vertex straight across, hairy; antennx slender, third joint about three fourths of the vertex width, no long hair on basal joint beneath; posterior ocelli slightly nearer to eyes than to each other; pronotum broadly arcuate behind, posterior margin, except a median spot, with silvery pubescence, pronotum above with long hairs ; metanotum short, rounded, with silvery pile, most noticeable on the sides, no long hair above, with a median line ; abdomen red on first, second and most of third segments above, below red on the first and second seg- ments, apical and ventral segments with long hairs. Legs slender, black, a few hairs under middle of femur I, all strongly spined, inner spur of hind tibia more than one half of metatarsus. Wings smoky, apex darker, third cell subtriangular, shorter than the second, receiving the second recurrent vein a little beyond the middle, basal vein interstitial with the transverse. Length, 10 to 12 mm. From Ridgeway, Ontario, Canada, Sept. (Van Duzee), and Chicago, 111., Sept. (Brues). Differs from P. semirufus in white-margined pronotum, in long hair on pronotum, and longer hair on front, and strong comb on anterior tarsi. Pompiloides autumnalis var. atlanticus new variety. This variety has been taken by Mr. Howard Shannon at Long Beach, L. I., in August and September on the sea beach. As far as I can see it does not differ much in structure from the typical form, but the pronotum is entirely black, no trace of the white posterior border, the wings are darker in all the 302 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxii. specimens seen. The posterior margin of the pronotum is a little more angu- late than in the typical form. The comb on tarsus I is of the same long, broad spines, the vertex straight across, the abdomen with two segments below and two and a half above reddish, and the body (except propodeum) hairy as in the typical form. Pompiloides reducta new species. Related to P. marginatus, but antennae shorter, and the vertex broader. Female. — Black ; head, especially the clypeus with dull tawny pile, very few hairs except on orbits, pro and mesonotum also show tawny pile, second seg- ment of abdomen mostly or wholly reddish above, tarsi dark brown ; wings blackish, nearly evenly colored throughout, hind wings dusky. Clypeus trun- cate on margin, face scarcely narrowed above, vertex nearly straight across, posterior ocelli plainly nearer to eyes than to each other ; antennae with third joint plainly a little longer than the fourth, the second and third together do not equal vertex width ; pronotum slightly angulate behind, metanotum with a faint median line ; abdomen rather shorter than in P. marginatus. apical and ventral segments with long hairs ; tarsus I without distinct comb, the spines hardly as long as width of the joint; inner spur of the hind tibiae about two thirds as long as the metatarsus. Wings with the venation similar to that of P. marginatus, but the second discoidal cell is hardly as long as in that species. Length, 8 mm. From Falls Church and Glencarlyn, Va., and Ridgeway, Ontario, Canada (Van Duzee), latter part of June to early August. Pompiloides stenotus new species. Black, rather shining, with silvery sheen, very distinct on face, pleurae, coxae, and metanotum. Clypeus truncate on margin, vertex scarcely rounded, posterior ocelli hardly nearer to eyes than to each other ; pronotum angulate behind ; metanotum with faint line in middle, abdoftien very slender, no promi- nent hairs below, last dorsal segment with a pair of tufts of short hair near the middle of hind margin ; legs slender, with very few, short spines, hind tibiae with only three in row above, the inner spur about two thirds as long as the metatarsus. Wings blackish at tip, but nearly hyaline elsewhere, third submarginal petiolate, receiving the second recurrent beyond the middle. Length, 7 mm. From Bradcntown, Florida, March (Van Duzce). Pompiloides clystera ntw species. Male. — Similar to P. cylindricus. Deep black, but not silvery. Under each antenna, above base of clypeus, there is a patch of tawny brown hair each side ; clypeus truncate on margin ; head narrow, posterior ocelli plainly a little nearer to the eyes than to each other, vertex slightly, evenly rounded, occiput with black hairs, antennae plainly heavier than P. cylindricus; pro- Dec, 1914-] Banks: PsAMMOCHARiD^. 303 notuni plainly angulate behind ; metanotum with median line above and exca- vate behind ; abdomen slender, no distinct hairs on venter ; legs slender, hind tibiae with five spines above in a row, none near as long as width of the joint, inner spur nearly two thirds of metatarsus. Wings deep black through- out, third submarginal cell slightly petiolate, receiving the second recurrent vein at about middle. Length, lo mm. From Stanford Univ., Calif. (Doane). Pompiloides solonus new species. Female.- — Deep blue black; clypeus broad, truncate in front, face narrowed above, posterior ocelli plainly closer to eyes than to each other, vertex straight across, antennae long and slender, third joint about as long as vertex width, occiput with black hair; pronotum angulate behind; metathorax with im- pressed line ; no row of hairs on basal ventral segments of abdomen ; legs rather stout, hind tibiae with five spines in row above, spines on tarsus I not twice the width of the joints. Wings deep blue black, third submarginal cell as long above as the second, receiving the second recurrent vein at the middle. Length, lo mm. From Garces, Arizona, August (Biedermann). Pompiloides estellina new species. ]\Iale. — Jet black; face below and at sides of the antennae silvery, some silvery pubescence on the thorax, especially on posterior part of the meta- notum ; abdomen deep black ; wings blackish, tip darker. Clypeus truncate below, face a little narrowed above, posterior ocelli slightly nearer the eyes than to each other, vertex nearly straight across, a number of long black hairs on the face and vertex ; pronotum angulate behind, with a few long hairs above ; metanotum short, with an impressed median line ; abdomen slender, depressed, sessile, no hairs on the venter ; spines on legs short, inner spur of the hind tibiae a little more than one half as long as the metatarsus. Wings with marginal cell very short, second obliquely quadrate, third cell small, petiolate, receiving the second recurrent vein at the middle, second discoidal cell short, but not twice its length from the outer margin. Female. — Similar to the male, abdomen broader; third joint of the antennae plainly longer than the fourth ; anterior tarsi without distinct comb, the spines straight and no longer than width of a joint. Length, male 8 mm., female 9 mm. From National City, Calif., 15 May (Van Duzee). Related to P. ongularis, but in that species the second discoidal cell is still shorter and fully twice its length from the outer margin of the wing. Pompiloides rectus new species. Black, with silvery pubescence, distinct on the face and thorax, especially each side at the tip of the metanotum. Clypeus truncate in front, antennae 304 Journal New York Entomological Society. IVoi. xxil moderately heavy, posterior ocelli as near each other as to the eyes, vertex barely rounded, head with many black hairs ; pronotum angulate behind ; meta- notuin low and rather short, with a median line ; abdomen slender, scarcely depressed above, with a few barely visible hairs below; legs with weaker bristles than in P. cylindricus, inner spur of hind tibiae about three fourths of the metatarsus. Wings hyaline, tip black, marginal cell very short, second and third submarginal cells also short, each higher than broad, the vein be- tween them vertical, the third cell narrowed above, receiving the second recurrent vein at the middle, basal vein interstitial with the transverse. Female. — Similar, but hardly silvery, the third joint of the antennae about three fourths of vertex width ; inner spur of hind tibiae not three fourths of metatarsus ; no comb on tarsus I ; wings nearly uniform blackish, rather paler in the disc, venation as in the male. Length, male 8 to lo mm., female lo to 1 1 mm. From Great Falls, and Chain Bridge, Va., in June ; Ridgeway, Ontario, Can., and East Aurora, N. Y. (Van Duzee) ; and Black Mt., N. Car., May. Similar to P. insolcus, but the cells shorter and the vein between them erect instead of inclined. Psammochares hirsutifemur new species. Female. — Purplish black ; head and thorax rather densely black haired, much hair on clypeus, but no long hair on basal antenna! joint, clypeus scarcely convex on margin ; antennae short, third joint about one third of vertex width, vertex higher than eyes, nearly straight across, hairy; posterior ocelli little closer to each other than to the eyes ; pronotum moderately long, arcuate behind ; metanotum short, with median groove, densely long-haired ; abdomen with first segment hairy on base, and on apical segments, and a few hairs on the ventral segments; legs moderately slender, with many spines, those on the hind tibiee one half the width of joint, inner spur about two fifths of the metatarsus, all femora densely long black-haired, the front femora hairy above, more hairy than any other species of this section, no comb on the tarsus I, claws with basal acute tooth. Wings deep violaceus black, hind pair hardly as dark, second submarginal about as long as broad, third narrowed at tip, receiving the second recurrent at the middle, this recurrent vein slightly bent outward in the middle, basal cross veins interstitial, veins not reaching mar- gin. Length, 14 mm. From Lemon Grove, 22 May, and Forster's, San Diego Co., 29 May, Calif. (Van Duzee). Planiceps luxus new species. Female. — In general similar to P. niger, but blue or green according to light ; clypeus with long hairs, truncate on margin, ocelli forming a nearly equilateral triangle, the posterior ones hardly nearer to eyes than to each Dec, 1914] Banks: Psammocharid.^. 305 other, vertex straight across, antennae short, third joint not one half of vertex width ; pronotum long, straight behind ; metanotum with large, median depres- sion behind ; the abdomen no longer than thorax, with a few long hairs near tip ; legs rather short, with short spines, inner spurs of hind tibix one half of the metatarsus, middle coxae hairy below. Wings deep black, rather paler in discal area, two submarginal cells, the second, which is long, receiving the first recurrent vein at middle, the second recurrent considerably beyond the cell. Male similar to female, but smaller; wings paler on basal part, the pro- notum hardly as long, and more bent down in front, the posterior corners of the metanotum with dense silvery pile nearly reaching across, also a white stripe above on hind coxae. Length, female 10 mm., male 7 to 8 mm. From National City, Calif., 15 May (Van Duzee). Ageniella norata new species. Male. — Black ; head and thorax with silvery pile ; abdomen rather shining black, last dorsal segment white. Clypeus slightly rounded below ; antennae long, third joint about two thirds of the vertex width, vertex rounded, with a few long hairs, posterior ocelli much closer to each other than to eyes ; pro- notum arcuate behind ; metanotum long, sloping, no median groove, with dense white pile, especially on the sides ; coxae silvery, rest of legs dull black, tarsi rather brownish, spurs black, but those on leg I pale, inner one of hind tibiae a little more than one half of the metatarsus ; abdomen slender, almost petiolate, with very slight pale pile ; wings hyaline, the apex blackish, third submarginal cell quite long, especially below, but above no longer than the second, receiving the second recurrent vein a little beyond middle, basal veins a little before the transverse. Length, 7 mm. From Niagara Falls, N, Y., July (Van Dttzee) and Falls Churchy Va., July. Related to A. pcfiolatus. Ageniella praestans new species. Slender ; black, with silvery pubescence, very distinct on the face below antennae, on thorax and coxas, and less distinct on the abdomen. Clypeus rounded below, posterior ocelli hardly nearer each other than to eyes, vertex rather strongly rounded above, but one bristle each side by upper orbit, about as high as the lower ocellus ; occiput white haired ; pronotum strongly arcuate behind, metanotum long, sloping, with median line ; abdomen subpetiolate, all black ; legs long and slender, black, spurs black, inner one of hind tibiae a little more than one half of the metatarsus. Wings faintly dusky, tip much darker, third submarginal cell about as long as the second, both longer than high, third receiving the second recurrent at middle, this recurrent quite strongly curved outward. Length, 6 mm. From San Diego Co., June (Van Duzee) and Mts. near Clare- mont (Baker) ; both California. Dififers from A. euphorbicc in lack 306 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxii. of white spot at tip of abdomen, in position of second recurrent, and darker tipped wing. Ageniella clypeata new species. Male. — Black, with silvery pubescence, clypeus pale yellowish, vertex slightly rounded, no long hairs, posterior ocelli nearer to eyes than to each other, antenns rather short ; pronotum weakly angulate behind ; metanotum low and sloping, with a median smooth line on the basal part, posterior corners with dense white pile; abdomen also sericeous, lower margin of segments pale; legs very long and slender, leg I (including coxse) pale, other legs dark on femora and tibiae at least above, hind tarsi darker, spurs white, inner one of hind tibia two thirds of the metatarsus. Wings faintly fumose, tips darker, third cell higher than long, angulate in the middle behind, receiving the second recurrent beyond the middle, this recurrent scarcely curved outward, in both fore wings there is from the juncture of the first recurrent with the second submarginal cell a short projection into the second discoidal cell. Basal veins interstitial. Length, 8.5 mm. From Chain Bridge, Va., 14 June. BEES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU. By T. D. a. Cockerell, Boulder, Colorado. On his recent trip to South America, Professor C. T. Brues col- lected a very interesting series of bees, which are reported on here- with. I have included also a series collected by Mr. v. Buchwald at Guayaquil, transmitted to me by Mr. J. D. Alfken of Bremen, and a few collected by Professor Townsend in Peru. Comparatively little has been known of the bees of Ecuador and Peru, so it is not surprising that many of the species are new. Re- viewing the collection as a whole, the following points are of interest : I. The species of the coast region of Ecuador and Peru are mostly distinct from those found elsewhere, though the Brazilian fauna is repre^nted by a few unmodified forms, and a few are identical with species of Central America. Probably, as regards species, there are two rather distinct faun:c, that of Ecuador and adjacent parts of Dec, 1914-] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 307 Columbia, and that of Peru. The Ecuador-Cohunbia coast region is distinctly more humid than that of Peru. 2. There is, so far as the materials before me show, a total absence of precinctive genera; generically the fauna is nearly the same as that of other parts of tropical South America, but it is interesting to find at Guayaquil the characteristic southern genus Leptomctria meet- ing the northern (Antilles and Eastern U. S.) Florilegus. 3. The peculiar Chilian bee-fauna scarcely invades this region at all, yet a very few species, such as Megachile cciiadoria, must be de- rived from the Chilian group. The southern genus Lonchopria gets as far north as ^latucana, Peru. Xylocopa brasilianorum bruesi new subspecies. Female. — Larger, length 28 mm. or rather more, anterior wings 23 mm. ; abdomen above much more closely punctured. The wings have a fine rosy- purple color, and are very dark. ( Habitat. — San Bartolome, Peru, July, 1913 (C T. Bnics). Three fema.les, all alike. Maidl (Ann. k. k. Xat. Hofm. Wien, 1912, p. 312) remarks at length on the variability of X. brasilianorum, and gives a long list of synonyms. Undoubtedly this type presents several different forms, but specimens from any one locality are very uniform, and I believe we have to do with subspecies rather than individual variations. Xylocopa transitoria Perez. Four females from Guayaquil, Ecuador, May-June, 1913 (Brues). Maidl treats this as a synonym of X. brasilianorum, but it is cer- tainly distinct by the truncate end of scutellum, and green wings suffused with purple apically. A male from Guayaquil is apparently X. brasilianorum, but has very distinct black bands on the hind margins of abdominal segments, the extreme base of anterior tibiae light yellow, and the dark clypeal patch very large. Females of X. morio callichlora Ckll. were also taken at Guaya- quil. X. frontalis znridimicans Enderlein is a synonym of callichlora. Eulaema bruesi new species. Female. — Length about 20 mm.; superficially exactly like E. mussitans (Fb.), but differing as follows: Third and fifth antennal joints considerably shorter; labrum shorter; face on each side of antennae brilliant violet, below 308 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'*^!- >^>^n. this dark blue-green ; clypeus yellowish-green suffused with coppery ; tegulic dark purple-blue ; upper part of metathorax suffused with blue ; abdomen (ex- cept first segment) dorsally with the tegument golden suffused with rosy ; wings perhaps a little darker. Habitat. — Guayaquil, Ecuador, Ma^-June, 1913 ( C. T. Brucs). A very fine species, related to E. mussitans, and also to E. poly- chrojua (Mocs.), but quite distinct. Bombus robustus Smith. Huascaray, Peru, Sept. 21, 191 1, 6,500 ft. (C. H. T. Toivnscnd). This is typical robustus, as described by Smith. Bombus coccineus Friese. Matucana, Peru, June-July, 1913, 7,300 ft. alt. (Brues) ; Pacha- cayo, over 12,000 ft. (Townsend). Bombus funebris Smith. Pachacayo, Peru, over 12,000 ft., March 27 (C. H. T. Tonmscnd). Melipona mimetica new species. Worker. — Length 10 mm. or a little over, robust; head, thorax and legs black, lower part of clypeus and basal half of hind tibi?e obscurely rufous, apical tarsal joints chestnut red ; head and thorax above with very pale ochreous hair; sides of face with short white hair; pleura with a large patch of fulvous hair above, white below ; tegulje ferruginous ; wings reddish ; abdo- men brig-ht chestnut red, when the segments are extended to the utmost, a basal black line is seen on second to fourth ; sides (but not dorsum) of apical half showing black bristles. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Brucs). Extremely close to the Brazilian M. pscudoccntris Ckll.. from which it differs by the black face, the lack of black (or any other) hair on the dorsum of apical part of abdomen, and the coarse black hair fringing the smooth outer face of hind tibia. The color of the legs is also very different, and the inner surface of the hind tibia in .1/. mimetica is clothed U'ith a fine white pruinosity (not always very evident) ; while the h»r on the inner side of the basitarsus is shining orange-golden, varying to more dusky. Eight specimens of M. mimetica were collected ; the specific name refers to the perfect super- ficial resemblance to Ccntris tarsata Sm. M. fuscipcs Friese must be a similar insect, but it is typically with ashy-fuliginous hair, with the Dec, 1914] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 309 abdominal segments 3 to 6 showing black hair, in the manner of M. rnfiventris. It is possible (considering the great range given) that M. fnscipes was composite, and included (from Peru) the present insect, since Friese says it is " very rarely fulvous-haired." Trigona frontalis Friese. Guayaquil {v. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 31). Trigona amalthea (Oliv.). Guayaquil {v. Buchzvald; Alfken coll. 30). Trigona leucogastra new species. Worker. — Length about 5^ mm., anterior wing 6 mm.; broad and robust, shining black ; scape black, reddish only at extreme base ; flagellum obscure reddish-brown beneath ; mandibles edentate, ferruginous apically ; face thinly beset with short silvery hairs ; front, vertex, mesothorax and scutellum with coarse black hair, not dense ; pleura with black hair above and thin white pruinose pubescence below; tubercles fringed with pale (brownish-white) hair ; tegulse piceous ; wings hyaline, with bright ferruginous costa and nervures; legs with hair partly pallid and partly black, outer side of middle tibiae with short, shining silvery hairs, under side of hind trochanters and adjacent base of femora with white hair ; abdomen short, the apical segments dorsally with thin but distinct white hair-bands, and the venter, except at sides near base, covered with shining silvery white hair. In some specimens the flagellum is quite clear red beneath. The cheeks are white-pruinose. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, 17 workers {Brues) ; Guay- aquil, 3 workers {v. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 29). In my manuscript table of neotropical Trigona, this runs to T. cressonii D. T., from which it is easily known by the entirely different color of the wings, and the pale hair on apical part of abdomen. The wings agree with Lepeletier's description of his T. hyalinata, but the thorax in that species is not black-haired. Superficially, T. leuco- gastra looks exactly like T. cupira Sm., but that has pale face-mark- ings, and lacks the pale abdominal hair-bands. The light hair on under side of abdomen recalls T. postica (Latr.), but that differs greatly in other respects. Megachile pyrrhogastra Cockerell. Male. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Brues). This sex is new; it has the following special characters : 310 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxii. Flagellum slender, red beneath, very slightly widened at end ; face densely covered with creamy-white hair; the very thick mandibles with a bright red patch near apex ; anterior coxae with moderately long, strong spines, outer half of coxa ferruginous; anterior trochanters strongly angulate below; ante- rior femora mainly light reddish, more yellowish on inner face, with three black lines, the apical half on outer side largely black; these femora are also peculiarly formed, angulate beneath basally, then with the upper and lower sides parallel, until toward the apex the lower side is provided with a low keel ; anterior tibiae trigonal, red, with black on margins, the posterior outer margin very broadly black, the anterior outer one only black on basal half; anterior tarsi pale yellowish, greatly modified ; first joint boat-shaped, red apically ; second with a large black spot at base, and the apex prolonged into a finger-like process ; inner margin of boat-shaped process with thick black hairs ; hair of posterior fringe white on outer side, black and white within ; claws deeply bidentate ; middle and hind femora and tibiae black, marked with red; middle tarsi cream-colored basally, light reddish apically; hind tarsi mainly dark, but outer half of basitarsus cream-color; middle coxae with slen- der black spines ; abdomen red with the fifth and sixth segments black, keel of sixth segment very broadly emarginate ; no conspicuous apical (subventral) armature. This is such a compHcated insect that a complete description of all its peculiarities would fill pa.s^es. It differs from the male of M. pulclira Sm. (to which it runs in Friese's table) by the mandibles having only an apical red patch, the scape all black, flagellum black above, and the keel of sixth segment of abdomen deeply emarginate. Megachile philinca Cockercll, variety a. Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Brucs). The two males collected differ from the types in having the pale hair of thorax above white instead of fulvous, and the legs bright red. In the original males of philinca the dingy color of the legs is apparently due to immaturity, since the female has them bright ferruginous. Megachile garleppi Fricse. San Bartolome, Peru, i male, July, 1913 (Brucs). This certainly appears to be Friese's species, but it is the sixth segment of the abdomen that is bispinose; Friese says the seventh segment, but probably by a slip of the pen, as he does not mention the sixth at all. Dec, 1914] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 311 Megachile ecuadoria Friese. Matucana, Peru, 2 males, June-July, 1913, 7,300 ft. (Bnies). The specimens are a little larger than Friese describes, but other- wise agree with the description. As Friese remarks, the insect much resembles M. poUinosa Spinola, but the red hair covering apex of abdomen is distinctive. Coelioxys haematura new species. Female. — Length a little over 10 mm. ; head black; sides of face and front with broad bands of dense pale ochreous hair ; cheeks with white hair, becom- ing yellowish above ; mandibles chestnut red ; clypeus with lower margin faintly concave, not emarginate ; antennae black; hair on eyes short; thorax black below, but upper part of pleura largely red, as also the sharply pointed tuber- cles ; mesothorax with anterior half red except in middle, the middle section with small scattered punctures, larger posteriorly, the sides with large partly confluent punctures, very dense in the median sublateral region ; scutellum shining and impunctate in middle, with large scattered punctures at sides ; a large broad-triangular upwardly directed median tooth on hind margin of scutellum ; axillar teeth long and straight, compressed apically ; pleura with the usual vertical bands of dense pale hair, and the upper part hairy nearly all over ; base of scutellum with a single (not divided in middle) pale ochreous hair band ; tegulse deep ferruginous ; wings strongly infuscated, stigma dark ferruginous ; legs entirely bright red, anterior coxae with small tubercles ; abdomen bright ferruginous, with broad dorsal black patches on segments 2 to 4, and a round dusky spot on the sixth ; hair-bands narrow and entire, ochery-white ; punctures small and not dense ; last dorsal segment pointed, moderately acute, the apical half strongly keeled ; last ventral narrow, extend- ing far beyond dorsal, without evident notches ; venter keeled, the fifth seg- ment with excessively minute punctures, its margin fringed with white hair. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Brues). Very close to C. asteca Cresson, differing hardly at all, except in the quite distinct character of the clypeus. Coelioxys leucochrysea new species. Male. — Length about 9 mm. ; black, the tegulse and legs bright ferruginous, the ventral surface of the abdomen dark ferruginous ; eyes dark brown, with short hair; face densely covered with pale golden-tinted hair, this extends over front, but just before middle ocellus is a separated, heart-shaped patch ; mandibles red with the bidentate apex black, and a spot of light hair at base; cheeks with a broad smooth bevelled space below; antennae black; mesothorax and scutellum with very large quite close punctures, and a fine median raised line; scutellum very short, with a very minute apical tubercle; axillar teeth well developed, curved ; bands in front and behind mesothorax, and a spot 312 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxii. behind each tcgiila, of dense pale orange hair; dense hair-band on post- scutelium ochery-white, in contrast; pleura with the usual two white hair- bands, the upper part not hairy between the bands ; wings strongly infuscated, stigma dark ferruginous ; anterior coxa: with short stout black spines ; abdo- men very distinctly but not very densely punctured ; hair-bands feeble, linear, white, that bordering basin of first segment pale ochreous ; apical segment 6-spined, the lower apical teeth slender. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 19 13 (Brucs). Very similar to C. cdcntata Schrottky, but much smaller. It seems also to resemble C. remissa Holmbg., of which the male is unknown. In my table of males in Canad. Entom., June, 1912, it runs to C. sayi, which is entirely different in the ornamentation of the thorax. Coelioxys rufibasis new species. Male. — Length 9 mm. ; black, with the first abdominal segment entirely, the venter of abdomen, the tegulae and legs clear ferruginous ; mandibles red with the apex broadly black ; face with yellowish-white hair ; antennae black ; eyes with short hair; bevelled space on cheeks below covered with white hair (not naked as in C. leucochrysea) ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with scattered large punctures, middle of scutellum impunctate, the margin very broadly angulate ; hair of occiput pure white, but anterior band of dense hair on thorax, which is widely interrupted in middle, ochrey white; two large ochery-white patches of hair in scutello-niesothoracic suture; a dense patch of light hair behind each tcgula ; axillar teeth rather short; wings dusky apically ; anterior coxa; well spined ; abdomen almost impunctate in middle, except at base ; hair-bands pure white, on third and fourth segments very broadly interrupted in middle, the apical bands beyond first segment only at sides ; apical segment 6-dentate, lower apical teeth slender; venter sparsely punctured. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 {Brucs). In my table of males in Canad. Entom., June, 1912, this runs to C. sayi, which it does not resemble. It is extremely close to the Brazilian C. ardcsccns Ckll., differing by the shorter, shining vertex; the paler thoracic ornaments; the contrasting pale ferruginous first abdominal segment; the white hair of occiput, and other small details. Thus, although they look distinct enough, the technical differences between ardcsccns and rufibasis are slight, suggesting the possibility that they should be treated as subspecies of a single species. C. rufibasis also resembles C. assumptionis Schrottky. Coelioxys tumorifera new species. Male. — Length a little over 10 mm.; black, the tegulre, legs and mandibles (except at apex) ferruginous ; abdomen beneath dark ferruginous, more or Dec, 1914] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 313 less stained with blackish, but above wholly black, except a red stain at ex- treme sides of segments ; hair of head and thorax dull white, stained with ■ochreous dorsally ; face densely covered with ochery-white hair; cheeks be- neath with no hairless space; tubercles red, fringed with white hair; anterior band of thorax very narrow, confined to less than the lateral third of nieso- thoracic margin ; base of scutellum with two large ochery-white hair spots, far apart ; pleura sparsely hairy above between the bands ; eyes brown, with rather short hair; antennae black; no hair-patch in front of middle ocellus; vertex behind ocelli with only about three punctures, but these large; meso- thorax impunctate in middle from front to hind margin, at sides with many but not dense punctures, of different sizes ; anterior middle of mesothorax swollen ; scutellum impunctate in middle, with large scattered punctures at sides ; hind margin strongly but obtusely angulate, turned upwards ; axillar teeth well developed, their button-like ends slightly turned inwards ; wings strongly dusky, stigma and nervures piceous ; anterior coxae without distinct spines; abdomen shining, sparsely punctured in middle, with a distinct dorsal carina as well as a ventral one ; hair-bands of abdomen dull white, only con- tinuous on first segment ; basal transversely elongate hair-patches on segments 3 to 5, but not on 2 ; apical segment 7-toothed, the median tooth or spine long and sharp. Habitat. — San Bartolome, Peru, July, 1913 (Bnies). Closely related to C. pyrata Holmbg. (carinata Sm.), but distinct by the character of the mesothorax. The following key will be useful for the separation of the above species of Coelioxys: Scutellum red, with a large median process hcrmatiira Ckll. Scutellum black, without such a process i 1. Scutellum strongly angulate in middle, the apical region smooth ; hair at base of scutellum forming two large widely separated spots. tumorifera Ckll. Scutellum not strongly angulate in middle; hair at base not in two widely separated spots ^ 2. Scutellum short, strongly punctured all over; first abdominal segment above j)]3^(,j^ leucochrysea Ckll. Scutellum longer, subangulate, smooth in middle; first abdominal segment above light red rufibasis Ckll. Hypanthidium ecuadorium (Friese). Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, four (Brues). Anthidium 22-punctatum Friese. Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, i male, 2 females {Brucs). 314 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxii. Anthidium matucanense new species. Male. — Length about 12 mm.; black, with long hair; clypeus, cuneiform marks filling space between clypeus and eye, greater part of outer face of mandibles, and small spot above each eye pale yellow (primrose yellow) ; antennae black, flagellum very obscurely reddish beneath ; thorax and legs wholly without light tegumentary markings ; mesothorax very densely punc- tured; tegulae black; wings dilute fuliginous; hair of head mainly white (long and snow-white on clypeus), but strongly mixed with black on front, cheeks anteriorly and above, and vertex, all black in region of ocelli ; hair of thorax greyish-white mixed with longer black hairs, on ventral surface wholly pale ; hair of abdomen greyish-white at base, but largely mixed with black on second segment, and beyond that black ; femora with black hair ; anterior and middle tibiae with black hair on outer side, and long shining white hair behind ; hind tibire black-haired, with short dark brown hair on inner side and a patch of appressed white hair at apex above; tarsi with white hair on outer side and dark reddish on inner ; first five abdominal segments each with four pale yellow spots, sixth with two spots, apex without spots ; lateral spots on first three segments large, more or less excavated on inner side, those on fifth reduced to minute dots ; apex tridentate, the middle tooth slender, the lateral ones taking the form of broad lobes, with convex, outer margins. Habitat. — Matucana, Peru, June-July, 1913 (Bnies). Yery close to A. garlcppi Schrottky, from Apurimac. Alatucana is about 50 miles inland from Lima; Apurimac is about 250 miles southeast from Matucana, on the other side of the mountains. It is possible that the species now described should be regarded as a sub- species of garlcppi, but it differs in the abundant black hair. These insects belong to typical AntJiidiiiiii. Triepeolus megadelphus new species. Male. — Length a little over 11 mm.; black, mandibles dark red except at apex, antennae black ; legs bright ferruginous, middle tibiae with a blackish stain on outer side, greater part of hind tibiae blackish, hind femora black beneath except at base and apex, and largely black at sides ; tubercles and tegulae bright ferruginous ; wings dilute fuscous ; hair-patches of body cream- color, mesothorax with two straight bars, not swollen at end ; abdomen with interrupted bands, entire or almost so on fifth and sixth segments, black area on first segment acutely angulate at sides ; fringes on fourth and fifth ventral segments creamy white. Clypeus densely rugoso-punctate ; pleura closely and strongly punctured, its lower part bare or almost, its upper part with pale greyish hair, in the middle of which is a bare space ; spurs rufopiccous. Habitat. — fluayaquil, ]\Iay-June, 1913 (Dnics). \^ery close to T. biichwahii (Friese), and marked in a similar manner, but larger, the markings much paler (less yellow), the head Dec, I9I4-] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 315 much broader, the bare part of pleura much larger, the band on second abdominal segment more widely interrupted, etc. Among the North American species it resembles T. suhlnnatus Ckll. as closely as any. Ceratina triangulifera new species. Female. — Length about 9 mm. ; bright peacock green, with slight golden tints on metathorax, and bases of second and third abdominal segments, except at sides, dark, with purple tints ; no lateral face-marks ; clypeus with a large white apical triangular area, which is continued on each side as a narrow stripe ; labrvim black ; mandibles black, with a green spot at base ; flagelluni with a very obscure testaceous tint beneath ; face and front densely and coarsely punctured ; cheeks with large punctures, except the upper part be- hind, which is smooth and impunctate ; mesothorax strongly punctured, with a smooth discal area ; tubercles green ; tegulae dull rufotestaceous ; wings reddish-hyaline ; coxae, and hind femora and trochanters in front, green, legs otherwise piceous, but the anterior knees, and stripe on anterior tibia;, white; abdomen well punctured, rugose apically as usual. Habitat. — Guayaquil {v. Bnchzvald; Alfken coll. 28). A distinct species, resembling C. viridula Sm., but that has green legs. In H. S. Smith's key (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1907, p. 119) it runs out at 19. In Schrottky's key (Zeits. Hym. Dipt., 1907, p. 480) it runs nearest to C. oxalidis, which it does not resemble. The general appearance is that of C. laeta Spin., which is however much larger, and otherwise different. Centris nitida geminata new subspecies. Female. — Length about 13 mm.; anterior wing 10 mm.; black, the thorax above with dense canary-yellow hair, which extends also down the sides, but gives way to white ventrally ; head broad, eyes dark brown ; flagellum fer- ruginous beneath, except at base and apex ; face-marks light yellow, as follows : lateral marks very narrow, ending in a sharp point above at about level of antennae ; clypeus with two very large oblique yellow patches, separated by a dark vertical band in middle ; labrum and greater part of mandibles very pale yellow; hair of cheeks white below, but above and on occiput yellow; hair of vertex black, yellow between ocelli ; hair of front yellow, black at extreme sides; clypeus shining, with rather small punctures, flattened in middle, with a short rudimentary keel; scutellum shining with well-separated punctures; tegute pale ferruginous; wings strongly suffused with brown, nervures dark; legs black, anterior tarsi red at apex; anterior and middle femora and tibiae with white hair behind; middle tibiae short and thick, with short black hair in front; front tarsi with ferruginous hair on inner side, and whitish (strongly plumose) on outer; middle tarsi with black hair, the basitarsus also with long 316 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^'o'- xxir. brown hair behind ; middle basitarsi on inner side with a long hollowed (boat- shaped) structure, which is conspicuously transversely striated ; hind femora with white and brown hair; hind tibiae with a very large black scopa, which, also covers the basitarsus ; abdomen shining black; first segment with much yellowish-white hair, extending right across ; second and third with very- scanty short black hair; fourth with much black hair, and a little pale at apex laterally ; apex with red hair in middle and white at sides. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Bntcs). C. nitida Smith was described from Honduras, and according to Smith's brief description differs from geminata in the two basal joints of flagellum wholly black (second, and apex of first, red beneath \n geminata), middle and hind legs with only black hair, apex of abdomen with only fusco-ferruginous hair. Also, C. nitida is said to have white teguke. C. confinis Perez is evidently very close to C nitida. but is not geminata. In the Argentine the same group is repre- sented by C. nigriz'entris Burmeister. I suppose geminata to be a subspecies of nitida-, but it remains to be determined whether Smith's species has the peculiar structural characters observed in geminata. A feature of the venation deserves notice. In C. nitida geminata the hind wings have the median cell obliquely truncate at end, and the transversomedial nervure with its upper end vertical, forming two right angles. In C. rlwdopus Ckll. the hind wings have the median cell obtusely pointed at end (the free end of cubital nervure lacking) and the transversomedial with its upper end oblique. Melitoma euglossoides Lep. & Scrv. Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, 18 males (Brucs) ; Guayaquil, 2" males, 2 females (v. Buchzt'ald; Alfken 16). All these have the scape red, and belong to the South American race described by Smith as fidvifrons. The northern race (Guatemala City, Rodriguez; Quirigua, Guatemala, W. P. CockercU; Rio Nautla, Mexico, Townsend; Comal Co., Texas) has the scape black, and must be called M. euglossoides margiuella (Crcsson). Xenoglossa citrullina Cockcroll. Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Brues). One male. Previously known only from Peru. Florilegus pavoninus new species. Female. — Length about 1 1 mm., robust, black, the hind tarsi ferruginous apically, the abdomen with strong green and crimson tints ; mandibles with a Dec, 1914] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 317 broad orange streak ; clypeus very strongly and densely punctured, and with a median ridge ; malar space linear but present ; flagellum, except the apical and the two basal joints, ferruginous beneath ; face, cheeks and sides of thorax with greyish-white hair; hair of vertex, band across mesothorax and posterior middle of same, scutellum, large tuft on front of tubercles, and ventral sur- face of thorax, all black ; other hair on head and thorax above brownish- white ; mesothorax shining, well punctured, posterior middle impunctate ; scu- tellum with the side only very sparsely and feebly punctured ; tegulae dark, with reddish-brown margin ; wings dilute smoky, nervurves dark ; outer side of third s. m. strongly angled ; upper apical side of marginal cell evenly curved ; hair of legs mainly shining white, but ferruginous on inner side of tarsi ; anterior tibiae with a small, and middle ones with a large, black patch on outer side ; hair at base of hind tibiae above dark fuscous ; spurs clear ferruginous ; abdomen with loose brownish-white hair at base ; second seg- ment with a basal band of bright orange-fulvous tomentum, greatly broadening at sides ; third with a very broad band of the same color, and fourth covered with the same except a subquadrate apicomedian patch ; fifth segment with the hair in middle sooty-black, at sides cream-color; sides of venter with con- spicuous white hair. Maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the joints measuring in mi- crons: (i) 160, (2) 120, (3) 96, (4) 96, (5) 112. Labial palpi with joints measuring (i) 1360, (2) 640, (3) 144, (4) 120. Paraglossae slender, extending as far as labial palpi. Male. — Length 9-10 mm.; hair of head and thorax pale, greyish-white to pale fulvous, without black; antennae about Syi mm., flagellum ferruginous beneath, the last two joints wholly black; clypeus lemon yellow, strongly punc- tured; labrum black, sometimes with a yellow spot; base of mandibles wholly black ; hair on outer side of middle and hind legs pure white, bright orange- fulvous on inner side of hind tarsi ; abdominal bands greyish-white, the other parts of abdomen with coarse black hair. Habitat.— Gmyaquil, Ecuador, May-June, 1913, 15 females, 3 males (Brncs) ; Guayaquil, 2 females, 4 males {z: Buchwald; Alfken coll. 15). The type is a female. This is the first South American Florilcgns, unless Tctralonia f estiva Sm., from Para, should be referred to that genus. T. f estiva (female) differs from F. pavonimis by the aeneous (not pure black) tint of thorax above, the pale fulvotestaceous tegulae, the ferruginous nervures, etc. The following key will serve to dis- tinguish the males of Florilcgus: Middle and hind legs ferruginous (Cuba) lanieri (Guer.). Legs black I. Larger; labrum nearly all yellow (U. S.) condigna (Cress.). Smaller; labrum black, or with a yellow spot (Ecuador) ...pavonimis Ckll. The female of F. condigna is much less like F. pavonimis, the abdominal bands being creamy-white or greyish-white. 318 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxii. Florilegus purpurascens new species. Female. — Length about ii mm., very robust, black, the hind tarsi dull ferruginous apically, the abdomen with strong purple and green tints on the first three segments, and the hind margins of these segments broadly pellucid testaceous ; mandibles simple, with an orange subapical mark, but base wholly black ; head very broad ; eyes greenish ; face, labrum, cheeks and occiput with greyish-white hair, but vertex with black ; flagellum, except the first two joints, ferruginous beneath; clypeus brilliantly shining, strongly punctured, with a median ridge; mesothorax and scutellum shining, the mesothorax with rather weak punctures, the scutellum with extremely minute weak punctures ; hair ot thorax black, except a very narrow white fringe along upper border of pro- thorax, and a large and dense fringe round hind border of scutellum, thence extending over metathorax, all of which is clear fulvous; tegulae black with slight reddish margins; wings dilute fuliginous; outer side of third s. m. very strongly angled; hair of legs much as in F. pavonintis, but that on inner side of hind tarsi and apical part of tibiae is black, while the black patch on outer side of middle tibiae covers most of the surface ; hind spurs black, red at end; abdominal banding of the same type as that of F. paroniniis. but the bands are very pale fulvous, that at base of second segment rudimentary, while the black (black haired) area on fourth extends from base to apex, and occupies nearly the middle third ; fifth segment with sooty-black hair, white at sides; second and third segments each with a round patch of creamy-white hair at each extreme side. Maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the joints measuring as follows in microns: (i) 160, (2) 144, (3) y2, (4) 64, (5) 88. Labial palpi with joints measuring (i) 1200, (2) 856, (3) 144, (4) 96. Paragloss?e slender, extending as far as labial palpi. Blade of maxilla 768 /u across at broadest part, the hyaline area 192 jjl wide. Habitat. — Guayaquil, IMay-June, 1913 (Bnics), 3 females. Easily known by the black hair of pleura, and other characters. The abdominal bands vary to white, and the hair on liind part of thorax may be creamy-white. Tetralonia melectura new species. Male. — Length about 11 mm., black, antenna; with the very long flagellum dull ferruginous beneath; clypeus strongly punctured, pale yellow; labrum black with a very large pale yellow patch ; mandibles with apical half orange on outer side, but base entirely black ; eyes very prominent ; hair of face, cheeks and front white, but of top of head black; mesothorax with a broad band of greyish-white hair in front, extending down in front of tubercles at sides, but hair of thorax otherwise black ; mesothorax shining, with scattered punctures; scutellum depressed in middle; tcgulse black; wings fuliginous, with black nervures, second s. m. small ; legs with mainly black hairs, but anterior tarsi with fulvous, ferruginous on inner side, middle and hind tarsi with dark ferruginous on inner side; abdomen with black hair, except white Dec, 1914-] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 319 patches on sides of third to fifth segments, spots only on third; short bands on the others. Maxillary palpi bristly, 6-jointed, the joints measuring as follows in microns : (i) 208,(2) 176,(3) 192,(4) 112,(5) 96,(6) 112. Labial palpi with joints measuring: (i) 1280, (2) 640, (3) 120, (4) 128. Paraglossae long and slender. Habitat. — Guayaqtiil (v. Buchzvald; Alfken coll. 14). A very distinct species, superficially rather like T. acbra Friese. The ornamentation of the abdomen recalls that of T. mclectoidcs Smith, from Villa Nova on the Amazon, but that has hyaline wings and various other distinctive characters. I will take this occasion to note that Tctralonia pygialis Buyss., from Venezuela, evidently belongs to Thygatcr. Melisodes ecuadoria Bertoni & Schrottky. This species, found at Guayaquil, was named by Friese in manu- script, and published with only a few words of description by Bertoni and Schrottky in 1910. Only the female was known; but the male before me, from Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 {Brucs), has the char- acters to be expected in the species, and being from the same locality, is presumably identical. The maxillary palpi agree sufficiently with the description and figure of Bertoni and Schrottky. Male. — Black, abdomen with metallic tints ; clypeus lemon yellow, with a black spot on each side ; labrum and large patch on base of mandibles cream- color; eyes black; hair of head and thorax ferruginous, paler beneath, black on posterior middle of mesothorax and on scutellum ; antennae very long, flagellum clear ferruginous beneath ; tegulse ferruginous ; wings dusky ; nerv- ures dark reddish ; second s. m. large ; upper apical side of marginal cell angulate, though obtusely, not evenly rounded as in Florilegus pavoninus ; tarsi, anterior tibiae in front, and the other tibiae at apex, ferruginous ; hind tibiae with black hair on outer side ; abdominal segments with broad basal fulvous hair-bands, a little black hair at sides of apical plate. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed; first joint large and stout, the others measuring in microns about (2) 160, (3) 152, (4) 80. Hyaline area of maxillary blade transversely striated. Leptometria pacifica new species. Male. — Length about 9 mm. ; black, with the clypeus, labrum, and large patch at base of mandibles light yellow; rest of mandibles dark reddish; an- tennae long, the flagellum dark fuscous above, and pale reddish-testaceous beneath, except at base; tarsi and apices of tibiae obscure rufotestaceous ; hair of head, thorax and legs abundant, pale ochreous ; abdomen densely covered with appressed warm ochreous hair; vertex shining; mesothorax and scu- 320 Journal New York Entomological Society. [NoI. xxii. tellum shining, with strong well-separated punctures ; metathorax basally with strong punctures like those on scutellum, but a triangular area beyond this shining and impunctate ; tegulae fuscous in middle, testaceous at sides; wings dusky, nervures sepia ; b. n. meeting t. m. ; second s. m. extremely broad, receiving first r. n. at about the beginning of its last third ; hind wings with venation normal for the genus; hind basitarsi ordinary, not toothed; abdomen with fine distinct punctures. Female. — More robust ; no light face-marks ; clypeus strongly punctured ; labrum with long ochreous hair ; antennse short, flagellum clear fulvous beneath except at base, scopa on hind tibiae and tarsi long and loose, strongly plumose. pale ochreous ; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi ferruginous. Habitat. — Guayaquil, one of each sex, the male the type (v. BiicJi- wald; Alfken coll. i8) ; Guayaquil, i female, May-June, 1913 (Brues). Closely related to L. pcrcyrcc Holmbg., but the male differs by the longer third antennal joint, the darker tegulse, the redder hair of abdomen, the dark tibise, etc. CHALEPOGENUS Holmberg. Tctrapcdia, as generally understood, is certainly composite. T. diz'crsipcs Klug, the type of the genus, has the first recurrent nervure joining the second s. m. before the middle, and the hind spur long pectinate. T. plnmipcs Smith, though very different in color, has the same structural characters. There exists, however, a group of species with simple hind spur, and the first r. n. joining the second s. m. near its end. In Psyche, 1912, p. 57, I described a species of this latter group under Tapinotaspis, remarking that it was certainly not con- generic with the type of Tctrapcdia, but could only go in Tapinotaspis if we altered the definition of that genus. Upon further investiga- tion, I conclude that the proper name for insects of this type is Chalc- pogcnus, the type of which is C. muelleri (Tctrapcdia miicllcri Friese ; Chalcpogcnus inccrtus Holmbg.). Dcsmotetrapcdia Schrottky, 1909, having the same type, is strictly congeneric. My species described in the place just cited will stand as Chalcpogcnus hcathi (Ckll.). The same genus extends into Central America, Chalcpogcnus viocstiis (Tctrapcdia mocsta Cresson) being a typical representative. Other Central American species are C. calcarata (Tctrapcdia calcarata Cress.) and C. mayarum (Tctrapcdia inayanini Ckll.). Chalepogenus buchwaldi new species. Female. — Length nearly 7 mm. ; black, the wings reddish fuliginous, slightly paler but not at all whitened apically ; hair of labrum and sides of face dull Dec, 1914] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 321 white ; cheeks with appressed white hair ; vertex with extremely scanty black hair ; scape red in front, fuscous behind, except at base ; flagellum short, fus- cous, rufotestaceous beneath ; mesothorax dull from a very fine dark pruinose pilosity ; scutellum with short erect black hairs; legs rufopiceous, hind legs redder behind ; hair of legs black, except the large brush on outer side of hind basitarsi, which is creamy white, dark fuscous at apex. Habitat. — Guayaquil (f. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 26). Almost exactl}^ like C. mocstus (Cress.), but easily known by the white "hair on outer side of hind basitarsi, and the largely red scape. Both have the anterior basitarsi broadened and modified. Tetrapedia alfkeni new species. Female. — Length a little over 7 mm. ; black, the wings dark fuliginous, not whitened apically ; hair of face and cheeks white, of vertex, thorax, abdomen and legs black, except that the hind tibiae have long white hairs on inner side ; tongue golden ; clypeus shining, sparsely punctured ; scape bright chestnut red, fuscous in middle ; flagellum dull reddish beneath, except at base ; mesothorax shining, strongly and rather closely punctured ; first r. n. joining second s. m. before middle ; hind spur very long pectinate ; abdomen shining black, beneath with long black hair. Habitat. — Guayaquil, 2 females (v. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 27) ; Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 {Ernes). Nearly the same as T. maura Cresson, but the mesothorax is strongly and rather closely punctured, and the hind tibiK have no pale hair at apex on outer side. Both have a stout tooth at base of anterior basitarsi. Exomalopsis zexmeniae Cockerell. Guayaquil, 2 females, i male {v. Buchzmld; Alfken coll. 25) ; San Bartolome, Peru, July, 1913, i male (Brucs). The male, not before known, is almost exactly like that of E. penelope Ckll., but has the tegulje very dark rufous, instead of amber color as in penelope. The female is readily known from penelope by the scutellum having black hair and the scopa of hind tarsi being wholly black-haired behind. The female is almost identical with E. paragnayensis manni Ckll., from Natal, Brazil; but nianni has a shorter clypeus, and the scutellum has white hair along its hind border. The type of manni had the abdominal segments extended, when contracted they would appear as in zexmeni(£. Undoubtedly these insects belong to E. globosa (Fabricius), as 322 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- xxii. understood by Friese and Ducke. E. globosa was very briefly de- scribed by Fabricius, and came from the West Indies ; Friese ex- amined specimens from Porto Rico and St. Thomas. Friese's de- scription does not quite accord with ccxvictiicc, and I suspect that the true globosa is confined to the West Indies. The single female from Columbia, cited by Friese, was very likely E. zcxmcnicc. According to Ducke, E. analis Spinola (female. Para), E. villi pes Sm. (female, Brazil), E. tarsata Sm. (female, Santarem) and E. art if ex Sm. (male, female. Para) are all synonyms of E. globosa. The descriptions do not altogether support this opinion, but they are not very detailed. E. artifex differs from E. zcxmenicc in the female by the dense pale fulvous pubescence on the scutellum, and in the male by the rufotestaceous labrum (black in zextnenia). There is no mention of any dark hair on the thorax above in analis or villipes. In villipes the mandibles are ferruginous ; in sexmcnice and mantii they have only a red spot. The descriptions of the legs of villipes and tarsata, if correct, do not agree with zexmenia or manni. I therefore conclude that the relationships of all these species or races need further investigation; but it seems not improbable that maiuii is the same as tarsata, and artifex a synonym of analis. Furthermore, it is unlikely that manni and zcxmenioe are more than races of a single species. Exomalopsis bruesi new species. Female. — Length about 7 mm. ; broad, robust, black ; mandibles dark fer- ruginous, with the base black; flagellum dull rufotestaceous beneath except at base; small joints of anterior and middle tarsi, and hind tarsi entirely clear ferruginous; tegulae black; wings dusky hyaline, the apical margin darker, stigma and nervures light ferruginous; clypeus shining, not densely punctured; hair of head and thorax mainly pale ochreous above (including dense bands at sides of face) and white below, but black on disc of mesothorax posteriorly, and on disc of scutellum ; a slight fringe of pale hair along hind border of scutellum, and a tuft of ochreous hair on postscutellum ; hair of legs mostly white, but a little fuscous on outer side of anterior tibiae, a slaty or black patch covering nearly all of outer side of hind tibiae, and the large scopa of hind tibia; and tarsi longitudinally tricolored, creamy white in front, ferruginous on inner side and black behind ; spurs pallid ; first two abdominal segments shining black, the first with a tapering pale fulvous hair-patch on each side, the second with a pair of large oblique orange-fulvous patches ; remaining seg- ments densely covered with orange-fulvous hair, but long white hair visible at extreme sides subvcntrally. Dec, I9I4.] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 323 Habitat. — San Bartolome, Peru (type locality), 2 females, July, 1913 (Bnies) ; Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, 2 females (Brues). Another member of the E. globosa group, but quite distinct by the character and colors of the pubescence on hind legs and abdomen. For ready reference, I give a table to separate the small An- thophorid bees described above: Hair of thorax black i Hair of thorax at least partly pale 2 1. Mesothorax shining, strongly punctured Tetrapedia alflceiii Ckll. Mesothorax appearing dull, without evident punctures. Clialepogcniis buchzvaldi Ckll. 2. Females 3 Males S 3. Hind tarsi without black hair ; abdomen mainly covered with orange hair. Leptometria pacifica Ckll. Hind tarsi with much black hair 4 4. Hind tibiae without black hair on outer side. . . .Exomalopsis zexmcnicc Ckll. Hind tibias with black hair on outer side Exomalopsis bniesi Ckll. 5. Clypeus yellow Leptometria pacifica Ckll. Clypeus black ; tarsi red ExoDialopsis zexmenia Ckll. Agapostemon nasutus Smith. San Bartolome, Peru, July, 1913, i male {Brues). Augochlora binghami Cockerell. Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, i female (Brues) ; Guayaquil, a very purple female (v. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 21). In the absence of males, the reference to A. binghami is perhaps a little uncertain, but the purple tints and prominent lateral angles of prothorax agree with those of A. binghami from Guatemala. Augochlora metallica (Fabricius). Guayaquil, 3 females (v. Buchzvald; Alfken coll., 23) ; Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, i female (Brues). I think that this is undoubtedly A. metallica. at least as interpreted by F. Smith, who states that it comes from Colombia. It accords exactly with my notes and recollection of Smith's specimens in the British museum. It is very close to the Brazilian A. iheringi Ckll,, but has the abdomen green right across the segments, except the black hind margins. The first r. n. enters the apex of second s. m. or 324 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- x>^ii- joins second t. c. ; in A. fcronia Sm. it enters the base of third s. m. The wings are conspicuously dusky. Two males from Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Bnies), are referred here, in spite of the fact that they have the punctures of mesothorax , and scutcllum less crowded and more distinct, the stri?e at base of metathorax coarser and less numerous, and the tegute reddish instead of piceous. I should have thought them to belong to a distinct though very closely allied species, had I not previously found somewhat similar sexual ditYerences in A. quirigucusis Ckll. The labrum, an- terior edge of clypeus and nearly all of mandibles are cream-color. The tarsi are dark. Augochlora vesta Smith. Guayaquil (v. Biichzvald; Alfken coll. 19, 20). After I had determined this as z'esta, I found that one of the specimens carried a label with the same determination made by Alfken. These specimens are true A. vesta, with golden-green head and thorax. A female taken by Brues at Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, has the head and thorax blue-green, and the first abdominal segment largely brassy though with red tints, but green at base and sides. I cannot separate this from a female from Villa Encarnacion, Paraguay, sent by Schrottky as A. vesta van cupreola Ckll. A cotype of the real cupreola, from Chapada, is larger and has the punctures on pos- terior middle of mesothorax widely separated, and is obviously a different species. It seems probable that the form of A. vesta repre- sented by the Brues and Schrottky specimens just cited should be called var. tcrpsichore (Holmberg). Schrottky treats A. tcrpsichore as a synonym of A. cupreola. Augochlora thalia Smith. Guayaquil, May-June, 1913, 3 males (Brues). These specimens do not appear to differ from the Brazilian A. thalia. Augochlora cladopyga new species. Male. — Length about 5^ mm., anterior wing 4; brassy green, with thin white pubescence; head broad, eyes very deeply emarginate ; front minutely granular, dull ; face shining emerald green, contrasting with the golden-green clypeus, the lower margin of which is broadly very pale yellow; mandibles Dec, 1914-] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 325 (except rufous apex) and labrum pale yellow; lower part of cheeks (beneath) shining golden-green, with slight coppery tints ; antennae long, black basally ; flagellum pale testaceous beneath except at extreme base; fourth antennal joint broader than long; lateral angles of prothorax not very prominent; mesothorax moderately shining, minutely sculptured ; scutellum more shining ; area of metathorax large, at least as long as scutellum, rough, with indistinct oblique striae; tegulae rufotestaceous ; wings dusky hyaline, stigma (which is large) and nervures red-brown ; second s. m. extremely small and narrow, first r. n. meeting second t. c. ; femora yellowish-green ; knees and ends of tibiae clear ferruginous, but greater part of tibiae fuscous ; tarsi pale testaceous oc almost whitish, darkened apically ; abdomen elongate, narrow, subclavate, with thin hoary pubescence ; no vibrissae ; venter dark reddish brown, not metallic, the hind margins of segments whitish. Habitat. — Guayaquil, May-June, 1913 (Brues), Closely allied to A. scminigra Ckll., but readily separated by the greener abdomen, paler flagellum, etc. In Vachal's table (Misc. Ent.) it runs to A. brochidens Vach. from the Argentine Republic, but is not identical. Augochlora notophcs (Vachal) var. nothus new variety. Guayaquil (v. BticJncald). Alfken coll. 22. The two male speci- mens before me represent a species very close to A. notophops Ckll., but distinct. They run in Vachal's table to A. notophos, and are provisionally referred to that species as a variety. Vachal, in de- scribing the female of notophos, stated that he had no less than 32 specimens, from British Guiana, various parts of Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. He also had seven males, from Brazil and Peru. It seems unlikely that such a widespread and apparently common species should not have been earlier described; and when we look in the Brazilian fauna for a species agreeing essentially with notophos, we find A. diversipcnnis (Lep.), which Vachal did not include in his tables and evidently did not recognize. However, a single female notophos which Vachal loaned me years ago seemed nearest to A. acidalia, though quite distinct. It may well be that Vachal's notophos was composite, and was at least largely founded on diversipennis. The Guayaquil bees are quite of the type of male diversipennis, differing by the dark ferruginous (instead of yellow) tarsi, the paler vibrissae of first two abdominal segments, and the anterior margin of clypeus narrowly dark reddish. The thickened hind margin of metathoracic enclosure is angulate or bracket-like, whereas in diversipennis it is evenly rounded. 826 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- ^^^n. From A. notophos the Guayaquil bees differ as follows: mandibles red, with a green basal spot; third antcnnal joint dull ferruginous; disc of meso- thorax more closely punctured, green or golden-green, with no dark area ; scutellum with golden tints ; area of metathorax conspicuously angulate be- hind ; tarsi ferruginous. If my suspicion that typical notophos is dizrrsipcnnis proves correct, the present insect will stand as a distinct species, A. (Au- gochlorops'is) nothns Ckll. Augochlora matucanensis new species. Female. — Length about 7 mm., anterior wing 6 ; brilliant yellowish-green, front and sides of face more blue green, contrasting with the golden-green clypeus and supraclypeal area; pubescence scanty, very pale brownish; head very large; clypeus strongly, not very densely, punctured, the lower margin black ; mandibles black with a small green basal spot and the apex broadly dark red ; labrum broad, not bidentate or emarginate ; flagellum dusky testa- ceous beneath ; ocelli small, close together ; eyes deeply emarginate ; front and vertex minutely, densely, granular-punctate ; occipital margin with a sharp border ; vertex and cheeks very large ; checks obtusely angular below and behind ; distance from top of eye to occipital margin nearly as great as to antenna ; angles of prothorax well-marked ; mesothorax and scutellum bril- liantly shining, with extremely fine punctures, close even on posterior middle of mesothorax ; pleura closely punctured ; area of metathorax not defined, marked by fine oblique strise, some of which become transverse in the middle, but the apical part is broadly smooth and shining, with no sharp or distinct rim; tegulae rufopiceous; wings reddish dusky, stigma and nervures dull pale reddish ; first r. n. entering basal corner of third s. m. or meeting second t. c. ; legs piceous, with pale hair, anterior femora green beneath ; hind spur simple ; abdomen shining yellowish-green, very finely punctured, hind margins of seg- ments not darkened or vibrissate. Habitat. — Matucana, Peru (type locality), 4 females, June-July, 1913, 7,300 ft. (Bnies). Also one from foothills near Lima, Peru, at flowers of Helio- tropimn, Dec. 5 (C. H. T. Townsend). In Vachal's table (Misc. Ent.) this runs out at 61 (p. 48). I cannot identify it with any species described from Peru, Brazil, etc. It is readily known by the shape of the head and the sculpture of the metathorax, but the head varies in size. The above species of Augochlora may be readily separated as follows : Dec, 1914-] Cockerell: Bees From Ecuador and Peru. 327 Abdomen red or with strong red tints i Abdomen not red 2 1. Thorax with golden or coppery tints 'c'esta Sm. Thorax entirely bright bluish-green vesta terpsichore (Holmbg.). 2. Tbise and tarsi entirely clear red (males) thalia Sm. At least tibiae partly dusky or dark 3 3. Hind margins of abdominal segments broadly black 4 Hind margins of abdominal segments not black 5 4. Larger ; hind spur of female pectinate binghami Ckll. Smaller; hind spur of female not pectinate metallica (Fabr.). 5. Very small male ; hind tibiae red at base and apex ; abdomen narrow, sub- clavate cladopyga Ckll. Larger, length about 7 mm., or rather more; abdomen not subclavate. . . 6 6. Punctures of mesothorax large nothus Ckll. Punctures of mesothorax minute niatucanensis Ckll. Lonchopria inca new species. Male. — Length io'/2-ii mm.; black, with abundant long hair, which is dull white and black (the general effect grey), pale orange on inner side of tarsi ; hair of face and cheeks long and white, white also on middle of vertex, but a little black at sides of face, more at sides of front, and upper part of front and most of vertex with black hair ; thorax with dull white hair, mostly black on disc of mesothorax and scutellum, black also on mesopleura ; hair of legs mainly pale, but black on outer side of tibis ; hind tibiae with very long erect silvery hairs in front, hind basitarsi with extremely long hairs in front and behind ; hind femora with black hair in front ; abdomen with long loose white hair on first three segments, on third with black subapically, and a narrow pure-white marginal band, interrupted in middle ; fourth and fifth segments also with narrow white hair-bands, but the erect hair on fourth white basally and otherwise black, that on fifth and sixth black, fifth with long spreading white hairs at sides ; head broad, vertex strongly depressed on each side of ocelli ; antennae black, rather long ; mandibles simple, broad at end, the apex red ; malar space rather large, but shorter than broad ; mesothorax and scutellum smooth and shining, with scattered extremely minute punctures ; tegulaa piceous ; wings faintly dusky, nervures piceous, the narrow stigma rufous bordered with piceous ; second s. m. broad, receiving first r. n. in middle; third t. c. much bowed outwards; b. n. falling far short of t. m. ; area of metathorax large, triangular, dull at sides, shining in middle ; abdomen shining, with perhaps a very faint greenish tint. Habitat. — Two males, Matucana, Peru, June-July, 1913 (Ernes). In Friese's table this runs out, because the thoracic hair is mixed white and black. Our insect is really close to L. rubriventris (Friese), which it much resembles, differing in the larger size, long hair on hind legs, much larger area of metathorax, etc. In L. inca 328 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxii. the inner orbits strongly converge below, which is not the case in ritbriz'cntris, but they agree in the simple mandibles. The mandibles of male L. chalyhcca (Friese) are strongly bidcntate, while those of L. thoracica (Friese) are as strongly tridentatc. In L. thoracica the b. n. almost meets the t. m. Friese, in describing his genus Biglossa {=Lonchopria), did not indicate a type. His first species, thoracica, is hereby designated the type of Biglossa. Colletes miminca new species. Male. — Length about loj^ mm.; black, head and thorax with abundant long black and white hair ; clear white on face (some black at extreme sides) and cheeks, nearly all black on front and vertex, white on occiput ; on thorax above the hair is mixed black and white, the effect being rather dark grey, on pleura it is largely black; the legs have pale hair, light ochreous on inner side of tarsi ; the abdomen has long greyish-white hair on the first segment, the other segments are rather thinly covered with short, easily abraded, pale ochreous furfuraceous pubescence, and have in addition thin long hair, only clearly visible in lateral view, this hair being white at the base of the second, and slightly on the bases of the third and fourth segments, but otherwise black ; extreme apex with fuscous hair ; no hair-bands ; head very broad ; eyes prominent; antennae black, third joint shorter than fourth, fourth shorter than fifth ; joints of middle of flagellum much longer than broad ; clypeus with a shallow median sulcus ; mandibles bidentate, rufous at extreme tip ; labrum with three strong pits or grooves ; malar space extremely long, more than twice as long as its apical breadth, its length about equal to distance from notch to base of mandible; prothoracic spines not evident; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with numerous small punctures ; area of metothorax with very numerous vertical ridges ; hind basitarsi broadened, rather hollowed on inner side ; tegulae piceous ; wings dusky hyaline ; stigma small, dark rufous, nervures piceous ; second s. m. very large, receiving first r. n. a little beyond middle; b. n. falling a short distance short of t. m. ; abdomen very finely punctured ; stipitcs very broad ; sagittae divergent apically ; hind margins of ventral abdominal segments with narrow dense pale hair-bands. Habitat. — Two males, Matucana, Peru, June-July, 1913 {Ernes). Superficially, this is exactly like Lonchopria inca. Although the abdomen is not really banded, when worn it seems to be so, owing to the furfuraceous pubescence remaining in the apical depressions of the segments. The species belongs to the C. lycii group, and has some affinity with C. pcriczncus Ckll., but is much larger, with longer malar space, etc. In Swenk's table of North American CoUctcs (1908) it falls closest to C. inlcrmi.vtus. Dec, I9I4-] Petrunkevitch : Attid^ of Yale Expedition. 329 ATTID^ OF THE YALE DOMINICA EXPEDITION. By Alexander Petrunkevitch, New Haven, Conn. Among the spiders collected by Professor H. W. Foote in Domi- nica were several jumping spiders which he sent for identification to Mr. G. W. Peckham. Mr. Peckham had identified them and found four new species when his work was cut short by death. Professor Foote then placed the specimens in my hands for description. In accordance with the desire of Mrs. Peckham, who was kind enough to defray the expenses of the drawings, these were made by Mr. J. H. Emerton. 1. Commons enoplognatha Simon, 1902, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique, Vol. XLVI, p. 3S2. Hist. Nat. Araignees, 1903, Vol. II, p. 780, fig. 935. Plate XII, figs. 1-3. Male. — Total length 6.8. Cephalothorax 3.0 long, 2.4 wide. Quadrangle much wider than long, slightly narrower behind than in front. Eyes of second row minute, situated half way between the ASE and PSE. Cephalic part shorter than thoracic. First femur considerably thickened. A brush of long black hair on the underside of femur, patella and tibia of first leg. A tuft of white hair on the inside of first patella, close to base. Copu'atory appa- ratus as figured. Femur of palp with white, the other segments with black hair. Tibial, apophysis thin and rather long. Hair on cephalothorax of three different colors, white, black and rusty brown. 2. Sidusa dominicana new species. Plate XII, figs. 4-5. Female. — Total length 4.8. Cephalothorax 2.0 long, 1.8 wide. Quadrangle slightly wider in front than behind. First row, viewed from in front slightly curved upward. Side eyes equal in size, their diameter a trifle longer than half the diameter of AME. Eyes of second row midway between ASE and TSE. Sternum oval, anterior coxae separated by the width of the lip, which is as wide as long. Legs 4312. Tibia of first and second leg with t,-}, long spines below and laterals ; metatarsus with 2-2 below and laterals. Cephalo- thorax dark brown with a median yellow band extending from the anterior €nd of dorsal groove to posterior edge of cephalothorax. Side edges of cepha- lothorax black with a submarginal yellow band. Dorsal surface of abdomen yellow with two brown bands spotted with yellow. Legs yellow, with dark spots on femora, tibiae and metatarsi. Epigynum as figured. 330 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. 3. Hasarius Peckhami new species. Plate I, figs. 6-9. 3. Hasarius peckhami new species. Plate XII, figs. 6-9. separated by width of lip, which is as long as wide. Clypeus very narrow. Quadrangle wider than long, shorter than half of the entire cephalothorax. Anterior row slightly recurved. Eyes of second row minute, nearer the ASE (in front of middle). Thoracic part with a stria. Superior margin of chelae with two teeth. Carinula emarginate, bidentate. Fourth legs with spines. Legs 1423. First metatarsus much longer than tarsus. Spines on first tibia 3—3 below, inner row begins in middle, outer row at base. First metatarsus 2-2 below. Second tibia 3-3 below and 2-2 laterals, second metatarsus 2-2 below. First femur strongly and second femur slightly dilated. Femur of palp very long and curved, tibial apophysis short, spine-like. Copulatory apparatus as figured. General appearance in alcohol dark. Face with white scales. Cephalothorax with two broad white bands of white scales. White scales on legs and mandibles. Abdomen with two white narrow lateral lines uniting in front. 4. Wala footei (Peckham in litt.) new species. Plate XII, figs. 10-14. Male. — Total length without mandibles 5.8. Cephalothorax 2.3 long, 2.0 wide. Chelae long, with curved fang. Quadrangle considerably narrower than cephalothorax, parallel, wider than long. Eyes of the second row slightly in front of the middle. Cephalic part considerably shorter than thoracic. Ster- num much longer than wide. Legs 1423, first leg considerably longer and heavier than the others. Spines on first and second tibia below 3-3 (first outside spine sitting % from the base of the tibia, first inside spine yi from the base). First and second metatarsus 2-2 below. Black hair, thicker at end than at base, on underside of patella and femur at its distal end. Copu- latory apparatus as figured. Tibial apophysis of palp straight, spine-like. Cephalothorax light brown with two white bands extending from the face backward almost to the posterior edge of the cepalothorax. Abdomen light brown with two narrow longitudinal white bands. Mandibles and legs 11, III and IV light yellow. Legs of the first pair light brown. Tip of femur, entire patella and tibia and base of tarsus of palp black. Female. — Total length 5.7. Cephalothorax 2.1 long, 1.8 wide. Legs 1423, first leg considerably longer and heavier than the others. Spines as in male. Black hair of the same type as in male on femur and patella, but smaller in number. Mandibles red brown, legs and palpi light yellow. Cephalothorax with two narrow longitudinal white bands and median V-shaped spots. Abdo- men yellow with three median brown spots. Epigynum as figured. 5. Corythalia peckhami new species. Plate XII, figs. 15-20. Male. — Total length 4.8. Legs 3412. A heavy brush of black hair on first, second and third patellae and tibiae and on second and third metatarsi. Spines on legs numerous. First and second tibia below 3-3 and 2-2 laterals, first and second metatarsus below 2-2 and 2-2 laterals. Quadrangle wider \ Jfliini. -V. ]'. E)tt. Soc. Vol. XXII. PI. XII. I \ V^V■■^^Y/■7^';'';' "M^ggl 18 .f-X Attid;B. Dec, 1914] Petrunkevitch : Attid^ of Yale Expedition. 331 than long, very slightly narrower behind than in front. Cephalic part much ■shorter than thoracic. Copulatory apparatus as figured. Pedipalp covered with black hair except patella which is white with iridescent scales and hair. General color in alcohol almost black with green and red iridescence. Around the eyes long black hair and white iridescent scales. A marginal band of white scales on each side of cephalothorax. Abdomen with two iridescent spots. Female. — Total length 7.0. Spines on legs as in male, but lateral spines on outside of first tibia lacking. No black brushes on legs. General appear- ance in alcohol considerably lighter than that of the male. Abdomen with lateral iridescent white bands, with two pairs of black spots on back and a pair of white iridescent spots between them. Epigynum as figured. Explanation of Plate XII. •Commoris enoplognatha Simon. 1. Chelae of male. 2. Palpus of male from below. 3. Palpus of male from above. Sidusa doniinicana n. sp. 4. Dorsal view of female. 5. Epigynum. Hasarhis peckhami n. sp. 6. Dorsal view of male. 7. Chelre of male. 8. Side view of male palpus. 9. Palpus of male from below. Wala footei (Peckh. in litt.) n. sp. 10. Dorsal view of male. 1 1. Lip, maxillae and chelae of male. 12. Palpus of male from below. 13. Dorsal view of female. 14. Epigynum. Corythalia peckhami n. sp. 15. Dorsal view of male. 16. Palpus of male, side view. 17. Palpus of male from below. 18. Dorsal view of female. 19. Chelas of female. .20. Epigynum. 332 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxii. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Balaninus quercus Horn. — This species, readily distinguished by the concave pygidimn in the male sex, is the male of B. rectus Say, described by Say as having a beak longer than the body and straight nearly to the apex. The name rectus has been universaJly applied to the smaller chestnut weevil, but erroneously, as shown by Casey (Can. Ent., 1910). Specimens of quercus male and rectus female have been repeatedly taken in copulation by Mr. Wm. T. Davis, they are alike in form of body, color, and in all respects expect length of beak and sexual characters, and unless associated as stated, each name will be represented by one sex only. B. orthorhynchus Chitt. seems to be based upon small specimens of the same species. Balaninus aJgon- qtiinns Casey becomes, in consecjuence of the error by which rectus Say was applied to the smaller chestnut weevil, the earliest name for that species and our catalogue should read : B. rectus Say (nee Horn, Blanchard, Hamilton, Chittenden, etc.). quercus Horn (male). orthorhynchus Chittenden, B. algonquinus Casey. rectus Horn, etc. (nee Say). C. W. Leng. Some Additions to the New Jersey List of Lepidoptera. — At the meeting of the New York Entomological Society held November 4, 1913, Dr. W. T. M. Forbes gave an account of our sugaring experi- ences at Lakehurst, N. J., on October 19, 1913, and mentioned Lcu- cania juncicoJa Guenee and Epiglcra pastillicans tremula Harvey as additions to the New Jersey list (see this Journal, Vol. XXH, p. yy, March, 1914). On October 9, 10, 11 and 12, 1914, Mr. Ernest Shoemaker and the writer sugared at Lakehurst, and secured a single Hcliophila sub- punctata Harvey. The New Jersey specimen has been compared with examples of Hcliophila subpunctata collected by the writer in April, 1912, on the South Shore of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, and no difference can be discovered. Xylina pcxata Grote was collected October 19, 1913, and again October 10, 1914, one on each occasion. Dec, 1914] Proceedings of the Society. 333 Among other desirable species taken bjf Mr. Shoemaker and the writer which are not additions to the list, are two specimens of Agrotis hostonicnsis Grote, which is more common northward; Chloridea virescens Fab., only mentioned from Staten Island in the New Jersey- list, and Scmiophora grisatra Smith, the type locality of which is Lakehurst. This last named species was found on the trunks of pine trees and also came to sugar at night. Xylina capax Grote & Robin- son was collected October 19, 1913, and again October 9 to 12, 1914, when excepting HcUophila unipuncta, it was the most common species at sugar. In the New Jersey list it is recorded under the name Anytiis capax^ and only from "Ramsey IX, 19 (Sleight)." In October, 1913, we collected Xylina fagina Morrison, Xylina thaxteri Grote, Xylina laticincrca Grote, Scopclosoma zvalkcri Grote, Scopelosoma sidits Guenee and Scopelosoma tristigmata Grote, which we did not find in October, 1914. — Wm. T. Davis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of May 19, 1914. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held on May 19, 1914, at 8.15 P. M., at Heim's Restaurant, President Raymond C. Osburn in the chair, with nineteen members present. The meeting was preceded by an informal supper at 7 P. M. In calling the meeting to order, Dr. Osburn referred to the floral contribution from the garden of Mr. Joutel, who was unable to be present in person. The Field Committee reported on the Field Meeting at Great Notch, N. J., and asked the wishes of the members regarding subsequent meetings. After a general discussion of the subject it was voted to hold three meet- ings in the field, in which the Brooklyn Society should be invited to partici- pate : Decoration Day at Wading River, L. I., July 4, at Pine Island, N. Y., Labor Day at a place to be selected on July 4. On motion, Mr. Mutchler was authorized to act as librarian for the bal- ance of the year. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited " North American Species of Onthophagus " and spoke concerning them, saying in part that the so-called varieties of O. janus were not all properly placed, substriatns being in truth simply a color varia- tion, but subcrneus and orpheus quite distinct species. All the known species except brevifrons and cribricollis were shown, including several described by 334 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'"'- -^>^n. Mr. Schaefifer himself and others added to our fauna by his investigations. Mr. Schaeffer referred particularly to a remarkable form from Lakehurst, with cinarginate clypeus, agreeing in many characters with the description given for the Kansas and Texas species cribricollis, and asked that members having Lakehurst specimens should examine them carefully; also to a small, shining form of pennsylvanicus from Florida and Texas. He also mentioned the great differences in Onthophagus and other Coprinse between the major and minor males in development of cephalic and thoracic protuberances, illustrated by a series of Phanccus diffonnis. Mr. Barber exhibited Belostomidae from South America, determined by a Hungarian authority, and a series of Lygcrus albuhis Distant, collected by Mr. Olsen at Yaphank, L, I., stating that this species, originally described from Mexico, had been found at widely separated localities, viz. : Florida and Woods Hole, Mass. Mr. Dow exhibited the work on entomology of Thos. Mouffet, published in 1634, but evidently prepared for the press by some one else, since Mouffet died in 1580. Mr. Dow said the material on which the work was based seemed to have been gathered by Conrad Gessncr in Germany and to have served for eleven or twelve editions by various hands, including Edward Wharton and Martin Lister, who left his manuscript to John Ray. The number of pre- ceding authors cited was interesting and the notoriety of the work was suffi- cient to have caused MoufFet's name associated with invertebrate life to appear in nursery rhyme. Dr. Osburn called attention to the accuracy with which the expanded pouch of the male sea horse, in which the ggs laid by the female are carried, was figured on oiie of the plates. Mr. Davis exhibited Donacia einargiiiata from Lakehurst, N. J., taken by sweeping the palustral vegetation by the side of the ditches adjoining the rail- road tracks ; and, commenting upon Mr. Woodruff's recent discovery of the pupae on roots of Caltlta palustris, said this plant did not occur at Lakehurst, so the species must have other food plants as well. Mr. Woodruff said he expected that it bred in skunk cabbage. Mr. Leng showed photographs made by Mrs. Ellen Robertson Miller of Donacia pahnata, its larvae and their work on Yellow Water Lily. Mr. Comstock showed three very different forms of the common little copper butterfly, Chrysophanus liypnplilcras Bdv., collected and mounted by Mr. Hall, and commented on the recent duplication of the description of the form without spots, j. e., oblilerata Scudder. Mr. Schaeffer called attention to the long wet spring as being specially favorable to the development of melanic forms. Mr. Mutchler exhibited Metaniasius sericcns and M. hciniptcnts. quoting Champion's doubts as to their being distinct on account of similar male char- acters and giving in detail the known distribution of each, by which it appeared that the one was confined to South America, the Lesser Antilles and Porto Rico, while the other was found in Cuba and Jamaica. He also spoke of the food habits, boring in the trunks of moribund banana, and apparently as a Dec, 1914] Proceedings of the Society. 335 secondary matter attacking sugar cane, quoting several West Indian agricul- tural reports, in none of which did it, however, appear to be a serious pest. Dr. Lutz gave details from his personal experience in Dominica and from the Cuban journey with Mr. Leng of its habits, stating that the banana trunks in which it normally feeds are very sappy and fibrous and that any physically similar vegetation as sugar cane or Bromeliads are therefore liable to attack. Dr. Lutz added that the gnawed fiber is finally gathered together for the pupal covering. Speaking of the various names for Hispaniola, Dr. Lutz said that Haiti, while commonly used really covered only half the island, the other part being known as San Domingo, and that a confusion of records would result from using either exclusively ; while Hispaniola was not only the older but the only proper name for the whole island. Mr. Shoemaker exhibited Platynus caudatus, quoted as rare in spring in Ulke's List of Beetles of District of Columbia, and said he had personally found it rare on June 2d and missing in July, but it reappeared late in August and was plentiful in September along the banks of the Potomac above the Free Bridge. His captures resulted from free use of bottles baited with syrup. Mr. Miner spoke of the distribution of the land snails of the genus Cerion, inhabiting Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Bahamas and Florida Keys, entirely absent in Lesser Antilles, but found in Curagao. The habit of these Mollusca is to live about 300 yards from the sea and to form local colonies which offer char- acteristic variations, so that the Cuban species is quite distinct from others. Distribution is necessarily a slow process and salt water becomes an impassible barrier except by the aid of floating wood. This distribution is interesting as confirming Dr. Britton's view that the regions in which the genus occurs con- stitute a unified province, separate from Jamaica, for instance, where the snails do not occur. Mr. Schaeffer said it was prudent to check distribution records obtained from one group of organisms by similar records from other groups, giving instances from his experiences in Texas and Arizona of the different results deducible from comparisons in different families and orders. Mr. Leng, referring to the possibly assumable elevation of the continental shelf on which rested the coral reefs of Cuba, Bahamas and Florida, pointed out that the same assumption had previously been made to explain the isolated Carolinian flora of the sandy areas about Bay St. George, Newfoundland. Mr. Roberts spoke of the importance of the coxal file as an index of specific dift'erence in Laccophilus, affording an absolutely certain means of separating species of great resemblance in color. Applying this test demon- strated that L. proximus, described by Say from Louisiana and Texas, occurs also in the Antilles, the americanus of Aube (but not of Crotch), cited in Antillean lists being an absolute synonym. Dr. Osburn exhibited Tabanns zonalis Kirby taken by Mr. Sleight in Bear Swamp, near Ramsey, N. J., May 28, 191 1, saying that the specimen shared with one taken by Mr. Watson at Greenwood Lake the honor of establishing 336 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^^^i- the southernmost records for the species which is usually found in New England, Canada and northern North America. He also showed specimens of Criorhina verbosa Harris personally cap- tured after a dozen year's hunt, and an interesting series of Pipiza albopilosa Williston, new to the New Jersey List, caught May lo about wet places under the Palisades, a locality reached by motor boat ferry from Dykeman Street station of the subway, and very desirable as a collecting ground. He said Johnson had put femoralis and albopilosa together, possibly correctly, since in the Palisades series of nine males (which sex in Diptera often emerges before the female) only five were pure albopilosa, while four showed abdom- inal spots approaching in varying degree the markings of femoralis, though none were the typical femoralis as shown in Canadian specimens received from Chagnon. These Syrphids were very rapid on the wing and were caught hovering over the bushes. Mr. Roberts mentioned that the Ramsey specimens in Mr. Sleight's collec- tion, supposed to be Haliphis nificoUis, proved to be uniformly Haliphis blanchardi. Mr. Lcng exhibited, at the request of the publisher, the first number of a new journal, " Microkosmos." Society adjourned until first Tuesday in October. Meeting of October 6, 1914. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held on October 6, 1914, at 8.15 P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, President Dr. Raymond C. Osburn in the chair, with seventeen members and two visitors, Mr. Bridgeman and Mr. Chas. T. Ramsden, of Guantanamo, Cuba, present. Mr. Barber spoke of his visits to Porto Rico, stating that Mr. Watson and he had started from New York on July 4 and spent four weeks on the island, collecting insects of all orders at San Juan, Ponce, Mayaguez, Arecibo, Coamo Spring and Aibonito in the mountains of the interior, at which last named locality they found the best collecting. The season did not prove the best for collecting ; April, May and June would have been better. He spoke of the great difference in the physical characteristics of the places visited and promised further details later. Mr. Barber also spoke of his visits to Pine Island, N. Y., where early in the summer he found good collecting in and around the great swamps, and to Nebraska and Missouri, where towards the end of the summer it was too hot and dry for good results. Mr. Davis spoke first of the Society's field day at Wading River, L. I., then of his trips to the summit of Whiteface Mountain, N. Y., with Mr. Shoe- maker, and finally of the Catskill Mountains, N. Y., and Riverhead, L. I. At the last named place he found two beetles of interest, Strategus anta-us and Cicindcla abdominalis, both known from the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. The first, popularly known as Ox-beetle, was first found by Mr. SchaefTer in Dec, 1914-] Proceedings of the Society, 337 August, 1912; in 1913 only an elytron was found, but this year four were found within 200 or 300 feet of which only one was alive. The locality for these beetles is a sandy stretch towards Bald Hill. Of the Cicindela, a single specimen was found in 1913, but this year a number were found on a sandy road through the pines near the town, a little back from the river. Mr. Davis added that he believed the New York records for C. abdotni- nalis derived from specimens in the Luetgens Collection were erroneous, since Mr. Beyer, who gave them to Luetgens, had stated that he had collected the species in Florida only. Mr. Sherman spoke of two weeks spent at Marquette, Mich., on Lake Superior, where he had collected 700 species of Coleoptera, or about 60 per cent, of the record catch of Hubbard and Schwarz, 1,100 species. As com- pared with his previous visit, the date, July 12, proved late for some of the rare species like Anthophilax, and showed a marked difference in the number of individuals of certain short-lived species. Three years ago, Cephaloon lep- turoides was by far the most common species ; this year its place was taken by Buprestis fasciata. Fifty species of Dytiscida were obtained in the swampy areas between the sand ridges bordering the lake, a much smaller number than would have been obtained in suitable localities near New York. Mr. Sherman said the beach collecting, which is the principal attraction at Lake Superior, depends on weather conditions ; usually three days' land breeze and three days' lake breeze alternate, the beetles being washed up on the beach by the latter. He exhibited two interesting species, Miscodera arctica and Nomius pygmccus, the latter being readily known by its peculiar odor, quite appreciable after immersion for weeks in alcohol. Mr. Shoemaker spoke of his journey to Washington and the Adirondacks with Mr. Davis, and of recent visits to the Palisades where on September 13. and September 20 he had found specimens of Sandahis niger and petrophya. Mr. Engelhardt spoke briefly of his visit to the Bahama Islands, New Providence, Abaco and Andros, where he obtained many photographs and insects, to be shown later in the season ; and in more detail of his vacation in the eastern part of New York State, including Ithaca, Watkins Glen, Geneva, Rochester and the Letchworth State Park near Portage. He spoke particu- larly of the gratifying results of the influence of the Entomological Depart- ment of Cornell University on the farming industry along the shores of Lake Geneva, where in the extensive grape and peach orchards the operations of spraying and other remedies as taught at the University have become matters of routine ; and of the natural beauties of the Letchworth Park, with its many waterfalls and defiles, enhanced by the preservation and reforestation of its 1,000 acres. At Ithaca Mr. Engelhardt collected Mantis religiosa in numbers at electric lights and in the meadowland and said the specimens are believed to be descended from egg masses exposed twelve years ago by Slingerland. Dr. Osburn called attention to a specimen of Eristalis tenax attracted by the lights in the room and said it was perhaps as well that it could not join in describing its summer experiences. Mr. Leng spoke of collecting in September at Huguenot Beach, Staten 338 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxii. Island, where many species of Anthicus were found in the sand, while Psela- phidx were abundant under high tide bushes in the adjoining salt meadow; and at Ward's Point, Statcn Island, where a number of species were obtained by pulling up the grasses and shrubs growing in the sand. Dr. Lutz introduced Mr. Ramsden, who spoke of collecting insects in the eastern end of Cuba, stating that the best seasons were usually from April 15 to June 15, and from September 15 to November 15, the two rainy seasons, though in some years rains starting in February would bring good collecting earlier. Two or three days' rain is sufficient to start the insects and an inter- ruption of dry windy weather will check them, good collecting being really a product of moisture rather than season. Mr. Ramsden closed by extending an invitation to entomologists to visit him at his sugar plantation at Guantanamo. Mr. Dow spoke of finding Phlegethontius cingulata and Colias eurytheme in Brooklyn, and of his correspondence during the summer with several entomologists. Mr. J. W. Angell spoke of his visit to Twin Lake, Conn., recommending it as a desirable locality, embracing lakes, forests and swamps of boreal character. Mr. Engelhardt referred to the capture of a specimen of Catocala herodias at Wading River as an additional example of Pine Barren insects occurring on Long Island. Mr. Davis said its food plant was Quercus nana and that it was therefore liable to occur elsewhere and in fact did. The larva, resembling a swelling on the bark, had been found on that tree and raised. Mr. Wheat showed many photographs of the Bahamas and particularly of the long string of small keys among which he had cruised this summer. He said there were apparently very few insects, practically no mosquitoes or flies and only a few species of mothes and butterflies. Meeting of October 20, 1914. A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held Octo- ber 20, 1914, at 8.1S P. M., in the American Museum of Natural History, Vice- President Barber in the chair, with seventeen members and one visitor, Dr. Robert T. Morris, of the Linmean Society, present. Mr. Leng read a paper on " Nut and Acorn Weevils," exhibiting his col- lection and that of Mr. Davis. He gave a resume of the literature, especially praising the paper by Fred E. Brooks, contained in Bulletin 128 of the W. Va. Agl. Exp. Station published in 1910. In reviewing the synonymy, he agreed with Casey's views published in Can. Ent., 1910, by which Dalaninus recttis Say is interpreted as the acorn weevil with a long straight beak in the female, but added that B. quercus Horn is evidently the male of the same species, as shown by specimens taken in copulation by Mr. Davis, as well as the study of the descriptions. Since the name rectus was previous to Casey's 1910 paper applied to the smaller chestnut weevil, it follows that the name algonquinus, Dec, 1914.] Proceedings of the Society. 339 proposed by Casey, becomes the first for that species. Mr. Leng also pointed out that Say's description of nasutus, though brief, fits well the hazel weevil and probably therefore has priority over obtusus Blanchard. In reference to the acorn weevils with short beaks in both sexes, the first name applied was shown to be uniformis Leconte, probably inapplicable to eastern specimens on account of the type locality being Pacific Coast ; the second was confusor Hamilton, which should therefore take precedence over all later names, which do not represent species strongly separated by positive characters. Mr. Woodruff, commenting on the last statement, said that baculi Chit- tenden from its uniform sooty color was the most easily recognized of all short beaked species Dr. Morris said that in his plantation near New York City, where he had under cultivation many species of domestic and imported chestnut trees, the chinquapins of three species seemed immune to fungus disease and weevils; it appeared possible on discussion that the apparent immunity from weevils might result from the nuts being gathered before the larvae had matured. Mr. Davis, Mr. Schaeffer and Dr. Love joined in the discussion, the latter recalling that the Balaniniis adults were plentiful on the chinquapins in West Virginia when he was there with Mr. Leng. Mr. Schaeffer spoke under the title " Notes on Coleoptera " of Alans cana- densis being distinguishable from A. rnyops by the antennae being alike in both sexes as well as by the color and size, and of A. sunianus being distinguish- able from A. lusciosus by the blackish color beneath, extending even to the legs and modified only by a few white spots ; the standing of Leconte's gorgops would, however, require investigation before any change was made. Mr. Schaeffer also commented on Chalcolepidius apacheanus as probably distinct from C. webbi on account of the vestiture of the tarsi, color, etc., as pointed out by Champion. Three species of Physonota were also shown, picticollis, alutacea and unipunctata, the first, a Mexican species, was collected at Tucson, Ariz., by W. M. Mann. In connection with alutacea, Mr. Scheaffer recalled finding the larvae at Brownsville, Texas, which are provided with appendages like some Thysanura and very lively. Another interesting exhibit was a va- riety of Strategus julianus from Douglas, Ariz., with the side horns of the thorax acute at apex and the clypeus more deeply triangularly emarginate at apex than in julianus. Specimens of 6". 4-foveata from the West Indies and S. anachoreta from the Bahamas expedition of Mr. Engelhardt were also shown, and mention made of a specimen of the former labeled " Fla," but perhaps erroneously, in the Dietz Collection. Mr. Schaeffer also mentioned the finding by Mr. Schott of a single speci- men of the European Calosoma sycophanta near Prospect Park, and showed the drawings in color of the species of Cassidini by Mr. H. B. Judy, the artist of the Brooklyn Museum. Mr. Sherman said that Mr. J. W. Angell had found in a brook at Twin Lakes, Conn., specimens of Hydroporus semirufus Lee. {dimidiatus G. & H.), 340 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xxii. a species heretofore unknown east of Arkansas. He also reported the destruc- tion of the Peekskill locality for H. difformis. Mr. Sherman mentioned also receipt of a letter from Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, giving details of a proposed summer camp at Lake Tahoe, Cal., where Dr. Van Dyke would be in charge from June 15 to August 31, 19 1 5- Mr. Davis showed a letter from Mr. Wintersteiner, dated Vienna, August 27th, and said Mr. Dow had one dated September 15th, both indicating his prospective speedy return. Mr. Davis also showed Bulletin 141 of Minn. Agl. Exp. Sta., on the Acridiidae of Minnesota by M. P. Somes and said it indicated more species of grasshoppers in Minnesota than in New Jersey by 78 against 65, the excess being partly in the genera Melanoplus and Arphia. He also showed the Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., containing a long paper by Henry Fox on Orthoptera. Dr. Forbes spoke of his visit to Mt. Washington in July. Rain interfered seriously with collecting but there were some noteworthy captures, particu- larly that of the Arctic bear, Hyphoraia parthenos, by Mr. Emerton at the unusually low level of 1,000 feet. The Mt. Washington butterfly, Chionobas semidea, was also noted. Mr. Leng showed photographs of Donacia adults, larvae and cocoons, made by Mrs. Ellen Robertson Miller. Index to Names of Insects and Plants in Volume XXII. Generic names begin with a capital, specific names with a small letter. New genera, subgenera, species, subspecies, varieties and nomina nova are printed in italics. Abrastola, ii Acanthocerus lobatus, 171 Acanthomyops, 38 Acamatus, 41 Achatodes, 10 Acontia, 29 Acronycta, 15, 18 Acridium, 255 Acrydium blatchleyi, 102 gibbosuni, 102 Actinotia, 30 Adelphagrotis, 26 Adita, 6 Adoneta, 227 Agapostemon nasutus, 323 Ageniella clypeata, 306 euphorbiae, 305 norata, 305 petiolatus, 305 prcrstans, 305 Agnomonia, 6, 23, 32 Agrion sequabile, 155 amatum, 155 apicale, 81 maculatum, 81, 155 Agriopodes, 15, 30 Agrotiphila, 7 Agrotis, 24, 257 bostoniensis, 333 pronuba, 261 Alabama, 1 1 Alaria, 7 Alaus canadensis, 80, 339 gorgops, 339 lusciosus, 339 myops, 339 zunianus, 339 Alchisme inermis, 277 Aletia, 29 Allopheidole, 38, 48, 51 Allotria, 23 Amathes, 31 Amblycorypha floridana, no, 197 Amblytrophidia occidentalis, 104, 194, 265 Amelia, 23 Amolita, 16, 25 Amphicoma, .178 Amphipyra, 15 Amyna, 14 Anarta, 3, 20 Anaxipha pulicaria, 115 Anchocelis, 28, 31 Andrecosia, 5, 6, 23 Anisolabis annulipes, 97, 192, 265 maritima, 97, 192 Anisomorpha buprestoides, loi, 193 Anomalagrion hastatum, 81 Anomis, 11 Anomogyna, 26 Anorthodes, 31 Anthidium garleppi, 314 mnttiacanense, 314 22-punctatum, 313 Anthophilax, 337 Antiblunma, 18 Anticarsia, 19 Anytus, 8 capax, 333 Apamea, 14, 16, 30 erepta, 30 u-album, 16 velata, 30 Apatela, 18 Apharetra, 8 Aphlcboderrbis pubescens, 171 Aplectoides, 26 Aplopus mayeri, loi Aptenopodes aptera, 109, 180, 196 clara, 109, 196 341 342 Index. Aptenopodes sphenarioides, 196 Apteronina, 39 Archanara, 10 Arctocarpus incisa, 242 Arenostola, 18, 28 Arethsea phalangium, 109 Argia putrida, 156, 157 Argillaphora, 29 Argyrostrotis, 32 Arnilia chlorizans, 107 Arphia granulata, 105, 195, 265 sulphurea, 191, 265 Arsilonche, 15 Arthromacra, 285, 288, 289 aenea, 179, 285 donacioides, 288, 289 glabricollis, 287, 289 robinsoni, 286, 287, 289 rugosecoUis, 287, 289 Asynapta apicalis, 127, 128 flavida, 128 fureata, 127 inediana, 128 umbra. 128 Atethmia, 18 Athetis, 18, 31 Atlanticus, 82 glaber, 113 Augochlora acidalia, 325 binghami, 323, 327 brochidens, 325 chladapyga, 324, 327 cupreola, 324 diversipennis, 325, 326 fcronina, 324 ihcringi, 323 matuacanensis, ^26, 327 metallica, 323, 327 nothophos, 325, 326 nothus, 325, 327 quiriguensis, 324 seminigra, 325 tcrpsichore, 324 thalia, 324, 327 vesta, 324, 327 Autographa, 28, 32 Axion tripustvilatum, 178 Bagisara, 18 Balaninus al#onquinus, 332, bacilli, 339 confiisor, 339 nasutus, 339 obtusus, 339 orthorhynchus, 332 quercus, 332, 338 rectus, 332, 338 335 Balaninus uniformis, 339 Balsa, 15 Banasa packardi, 269 Earathra, 3, 21 Basilodes, 10 Batrisus ionae, 190 Bellura, 15, 18, 28 Belocephalus hebardi, no, 201 micanopy, 200, 202 rehni, 202 sabalis, iio, 199, 201, 202 sleight i, 199, 201, 202 subapterus, 198, 199, 201, 202 Eelonochilus, 169 Bezzia, 281 apicata, 282, 284 barbed, 282, 284 dentata, 283 expolita, 282, 283 flavitarsis, 282, 283, 284 johnsoni, 282 media, 282 pruinosa, 282 pulverea, 283 punctipennis, 282, 283 setipes, 282 setulosa, 282, 283 varicolor, 282 venustuta, 282 Biglossa thoracica, 328 Bombus, 81 coccineus, 308 funebris, 308 robustus, 308 Bomolocha, 17 Borolia, 4 Bremia borealis, 130 moiUana. 131 podaphylle, 138 tristis. 131 Bracbycosniia, 10, 31 Brachyprcmna, 205 dispellens, 123 Brachys ovata, 267 Bracbysomida, 187 Brotoloinia, 12 Bryocodia, 13, 14. 29, 30 tcratophora, 30 Bryopbila, 29 Buprestis decora, 267 fasciata, 337 Caliphilus caenius, 81 Callopistria, 29 Calocampa, 31 Calocoris rapidus, 229 Calosoma sycophanta, 339 Index, 343 Calpe, 10 Caltha palustris, 334 Calycanthata, 24 Calymnia, iS Campometra, 6 Camponotus andrei, 59 chilensis, 60, 61 cholericus, 38, 59 maculatus, 57 montivagus, 59 nitidus, 39, 58, 59 nuperus, 58 pellarins, 38, 60 picipes, 57, 58 puderosus, 57 Campylenchia nutans, 2y7 Canthydrus puncticollis, 177 Capis, 1 7 cancellatus, 88 Carabus caseyi, 75 lecontei, 75, 85 maeander, 75, 85 tedatus, 88 Cardiopheidole, 48 Caradrina, 16, 18, 28 Catabapta, 3, 5, 23 Catabena, 1 1 Catocala, 5, 6, 23 herodias, 338 Celiptera, 5 Celithemis elisa, 158 eponina, 81 fasciata, 81 ornata, 81 Centris confinis, 316 geminata, 315, 316 nigriventris, 316 nitida, 315, 316 rhodapus, 316 tarsata, 308 Centronotvis vitulus, 278 Cephaloon lepturoides, 337 Ceracis, 173 Ceraleptus americanus, 167, 168 pacificus, 167 Ceratina laeta, 315 oxalis, 315 triangnlifera. 315 viridula, 315 Ceratinopsis auriculatus, 262 Ceratinoptera diaphana, 98, 192 lutea, 99, 193 Ceratitis capitata, 240 Cercyon, 85 Ceresa vitulus, 278 Cerma, 12, 29 cora, 29 Chalepogenus, 320 buchwaldi, 320, 323 calcarata, 320 heathi, 320 incertus, 320 mayarum, 320 moestum, 320 muelleri, 320 Chamyris, 13 Characoma, 12, 29 nilotica, 29 Charadra, 3 Charisnilus, 153 Chinobas semidea, 340 Chloridea, 7, 27 virescens, 333 Chlorocoris flaviviridis, 164 rufopictus, 165 Cho'iphora, 8 Chorisoneura plocea, 100 Charizagrotis, 24 Chortophaga anstralior, 105 viridifasciata, 191, 265 Chromagrion conditum, 157 Chrysophanes hypophloeus, 334 obliterata, 334 Chutapha, 30 Chytolita, 17, 31 Cicindela blanda, 80 Carolina, 267 tarsalis, 80 trifasciata, 182 unipunctata, 74, 85 vulgaris, 74 Cirptus, 21, 22 Cirrhobolina, 19 Cirrhophanus, 10 Cis, 173 Cissusa, 20 Cistogaster immaculata, 162 pallasci, 162 Clinocephalus elegans, 194 pulcher, 105 Cobulatha, 8 quadrifera, 8 Ccelioxys ardescens, 312 assumptionis, 312 carinata, 313 edentata, 312 hcpinatura, 311, 313 leiichochrysa, 311, 313 pyrata, 313 remisea, 312 rufibasis, 312, 313 sayi, 312 tnmorifera, 312, 313 Colias eurytheme, 338 344 Index. Colletes miminca, 328 intermixtus, 328 peruvicus, 328 Coccinella monticola, 88 Coccothrinax argentea, 200 Coenobia, 28 Coenurgia, 23, 32 Colocasia, 32 Colpodia americana, 124 capitata, 125 carolinae, 125 diervillae, 125 ovata, 125 porrecta, 126 sylvestris, 126 trifolia, 124 Commoris enoplognatha, 329, 331 Conocephalus fasciatus, 112, 113, 203 gracillimus, 112, 203 spartinae, 113 Conorhipidia, 117 Conotrachelus anaglypticus, 172 Conseroula, 14 Copipanolis, 10 Coptolabris, 179 Cordulegaster diastatops, 156 Corisce, 23 Cortophaga australior, 195 Corizus viridicatus, 171 Corythalia peckhami, 330, 351 Cosmia, 18 Crambodes, 15 Cremastogaster dentinodis, 44 lineolata, 44 opaca, 44 Criocephalus, 180 Criorhina verbosa, 336 Crocigrapha, 4, 21 Cryphceca montana, 262 Cryptoptilum antillarum, 113, 203 trigonipalpum, 113, 204 zebra, 204 Cucullia, II Cyaniris comyntas, 179 ladon, 135, 179 lucia, 179 marginata, 179 ncglccta, 179 pscudargiolus, 179 violacia, 179 Cychrus andrewsi, 139 germari, 139 lecontei, 182 indianiE, 139 stenostomus, 139 Cycloccphala, 182 Cycloptilum squamosum, 113,171,177 Cyrtoxipha gundlachi, 115, Cytophyllus floridensis, 198 perspillatus, 198 204 Dasypondoea, 7, 27 Dejeania andina, 161 armata, 161 braziliensis, 161 Delta, 14 Demas, 3, 32 Dercetis, 9, 11 Derrima, 10 Desmocerus auripennis, 182 Drasteria, 6, 23, 32 Drosophila, 87, 135, 136, 137, 138 Diachlora, 81 Diapheromera Carolina, 266 Dichromorpha viridis, 104, 192, 194 Dicopis, 10 Dicranomyia omissa, 117 Didactylomyia longimana, 124, 127 Dinardilla, 39 Dincutes, 74 discolor, 85 Diphthera, 30, 32 Dorcasta obtusa, 183 Doldina interjungens, 170 Donacia eraarginata, 334 palmata, 334 Doru, 89 aculeatum, 89, 93, 95, 96 calif ornica, 91 davisi, 90, 95, 97, 98 exilis, 91 lineare, 89, 94 spiculiferuni, 96 Dorj'odes, 5 Dytiscus, 249, 261 Eccoptogaster, 77 Eciton, 39 coecum, 40 manni, 38, 41 melanocephaUim, 41, 42 sumichrasti, 41 xipe, 41 Ellipcs minuta, 113 Elophila, 14s fulicalis, 14s, 149. ISO. 151. 152 Elydna, 18 Emesa, 177 Enallagnia cbrium, 157 cxsulans, 157 geminatum, 157 Knargia, 18 Knchcnopa nutans, 277 Enncarthron, 173 I Index. 345 "Ennya bicristata, 279, 281 Enoplognatha marmorata, 262 pallida, 262 rugosa, 262 Enyomma, 161 Eosphorapteryx, 28 Eotettix signatus, 108, 196 Epeira labyrinthea, 85 Ephesia, 23 Epia, 32 capsularis, 32 Epiaeschna heros, 81 Epiglaea, 31, 332 pastillicans, 77, 332 tremula, 77 Episilia, 8, 31 Epizeuxis, 16, 27 Erastria, 28, 29 Erebus, 9 Eriocera exquinsita, 123 Erioptera caloptera femoranigra, 120 parva, 120 Eriopus, 2, II, 12, 33 Eriopyga, 22 berenice, 81 Eristalis tenax, 337 Erythemis minuscula, 81 Eucalyptra, 19, 31 Euchalcia, 28, 32 Euclidia, 23 glyphica, 23 Eucirrhoedia, 1 1 Euclea delphinii, 226 Euclidia, 5, 32 Eucoptocnemis, 7 Eudryas, 10 Euherrichia, 29 Eulsema hrnesi, 307 mussitans, 308 polychroma, 308 Eupanychis, 7, 27 Euparthenos, 23 Euplexia, 14 Euretea personata, 278 Eurois, 8, 26 brunneicollis, 26 condita, 26 elimata, 26 fimbria, 26 gilvipennis, 26 imperita, 26 Isetabilis, 26 opacifrons, 26 prasina, 26 pressa, 26 rufipectus, 26 sincera, 26 Eurois speciosa, 26 stellaris, 26, 27 tenebrifera, 26 Eurotype, 30 Eurycotis floridana, 99, 193 Eustrotia, 13, 16, 29 albidula, 16 includeus, 13 malaca, 16 Eutelia, 12, 33 Euthisanotia, 20 Eutotype Euxoa, 6, 24 annexa, 24 gladiaria, 24 malefida, 24 mimallouis, 24 venerabilis, 24 vetusta, 24 volubilis, 24 Exomalopsis analis, 322 artifix, 322 hrnesi, 322, 323 globosa, 321, 323 manni, 321 paraguayensis, 321 penelope, 321 tarsata, 322 villipes, 322 zexmenise, 321, 322, 323 Fafalisca lurida, 205 Fagitana, 12, 29, 31 Feltia, 7, 24 acclivis, 25 apicalis, 25 genicularis, 24 gnebecensis, 25 rileyaria, 24 scandeus, 25 subgothica, 25 Feralia, 13, 15 major, 30 jocosa, 30 Fishia, 8 Florilegus, 307 cardigna, 317 lanieri. 317 paroninus. 316, 317, 319 purpurascens, 318 Forficula aculeata, 93 californica, 90 exilis, 90 luteipes, 90 suturalis, 90 tseniata, 90 Formica altipetens, 56 346 Index. Formica cinerea, 56 guava, 56 microgyna, 56 nahua, 38, 39, 56 rasilis, 56 rufibarbis, 56 subcyanea, 38, 56, 57 Gaberasa, 9 Galgula, 12 Gargara affinis, 236 attennata, 236, 239 brunnea, 235, 236, 239 majuscula, 236 minuta, 236, 239 nigrocarinata, 234, 239 nigrofasciata, 235 robusta, 236 sinuata, 2^7, 239 sumbav2e, 237, 239 trifoliata, 235, 239 tuberculata, 235 Geranomyia tristis, 118 Glsea, 31 Gnaphomyia subhyalina, 119 Gomphus brevis, 157 exilis, 158 Gonatista grisea, 100, 193 calverti, 122, 124 Gonomyia amazona, 122 pleuralis, 122 puella, 122 recurvata, 121, 122, 124 Gonospeleia, 32 contortus 263 Gonylidium ornatns, 263, 264 probatus, 263 trilobatus, 263 undulatus, 263, 264 Gepheras polyphemus, 293 Gortyna, 29 Granimodes, 6, 23 Graphiphora, 22, 23 Grapholita, 31 Gry]lus firmus, 114 rubens, 115, 204 Gryllodcs sigillatiis, 115, 204 Gyascutiis caroliniensis, 183 Gymnoscrirtetes pusillus, 108 Gyrinus dichrous, 74, 85 discolor, 74, 75 Hadena, 3, 13, 14, 18, 130 Hahnia brunnea, 262 rialictus, 218 clarissimiis, 222 clcmatiscllus, 222 Halictus chrysonotus, 219, 221 deceptor, 218, 219 exiguiformis, 219, 220 exiguus, 218, 219 grcenicheri, 221, 222 hypochlorus, 219, 220 kuntzei, 223 mesillensis, 222 nymphalis, 222 pallidellus, 222 testaceus, 222 tropicior, 219 umbripennis, 218 vierecki, 222 zephyrus, 218, 222 Haliplus blanchardi, 336 ruficollis, 336 Hapithus quadratus, 115, 204 Harpagtffia, 1 1 pastillicans, 28, 29 senicea, 28, 29 tremula, 28 Harrisimemna, 12, 29 trisignata, 29 Hasarius peckhami, 330, 331 Heliocheilus, 7, 27 Heliocontia, 8 fruva, 27 Heliophana, 7 Heliophila subpunctata, 332 unipuncta, 333 Heliothis, 7, 27 ononis, 7 Heraeus coquilletti, 165 Heranice multoglypta, 279, 280, : Kesperophylum heidemanni, 170 Hetaerina titia. 81 tricolor, 81 Hetcrogramma, 9 Heteroscelis lepida, 171 Hinaella, 5, 22 Hippiscus, 191 pbnenicopterus, 106, 195 Htppodainia, 80 Homorscoryphns malivolans, iii Homogloea, 18 Homoliadena, 18 Homoptcra. 23 Homopyralis, 30 contracta, 30 Hoporina, 30 croceago, 30 Hormisa, 16, 31 Hormoniyia saturni, 133 Hormoscliista, 17, 28 Hyalomyia aldrichii, 162 punctigera, 162 Index. 347 Hyalomyia purpurescens, 162 robertsonia, 162 Hyamia, 19 Hydroecia, iS, 29 Hydroporus difficilis, 340 dimidiatus, 339 semirufus, 339 Hypanthidium ecuadorium, 313 Hypena, 17, 28, 31 Hypenula, 17, 31 Hyperstrotia, 9 asria, 2y setheria, z-j secta, 2"] Hyphoraia parthenos, 340 Hypocoena, 28 Hyppa, 14 Hypsoropha, 13 Ingura, 18 Ipimorpha, 17 Ischnoptera couloniana, 98, 265 fulvescens, 98, 192 nigricollis, 98, 192 uhleriana, 98, 192 Tsochaetes beutenmulleri, 223 Isogona, 12 Itonida apocyni, 134 uliginosa, 133 Janetiella parma, 129 Jodia, 14, 31 Karschomyia viburni, 124, 132 Kemigia, 32 Labidura bidens, 97, 192 Laccophilus americanus, 335 proximus, 335 Ladona exusta, 158 Lagria hirta, 288 Lanthus albistylus, 157 Laphygma, 11 Lasiestra, 4 Lasius americanus, 40 interjectus, 55 mexicanus, 38, 39, 55 Lepipolys, 10 Leptinotarsa, 87 Leptis, 261 Leptometria, 307 pacifica, 319, 323 pereyrae, 320 Leptothorax manni, 38, 53 schmitti, 55 stolli, 55 Leptysma marginicolHs, 107, 195, 266 Leucania, 4, 5, 21, 22, 28 Leucania albilinea, 22 commoides, 22 diffusa, 22 flabilis, 22 juncicola, 77, 332 ligata, 22 linita, 22 multilinea, 22 pallens, 22 phagmitidicola, 22 pseudargyrea, 22 riinosa, 22 rubripennis, 22 unipuncta, 22 Leuconycta, 14, 15, 30 diphteroides, 30 Leucorrhinia frigida, 158 intacta, 158 Libellula auripennis, 81 axillena, 81 incesta, 81 vibrans, 81 Ligyrus retusus, 172 Limacodes semifascia, 224 Limnas jarbas, 153 Limnophila guttulatissima, 122 Linyphia cayuga, 264 mandibulata, 264 Liometopum apiculatum, 39, 55 Liphya brassolia, 178 Liponeura, 121 Lithacodia, 13 bellicula, 29 Litholomia, 31 Lithomia, 31 Loewia, 161 LomariEetes, 17 Lonchopria, 307 chalybaea, 328 inca, 328 thoracica, 328 Luperina, 18 Lycsena acmon, 35, 36 amyntula, 35 anna, 36 antjegon, 35 antiacis, 36 cassius, 153 enoptes, 35 erymus, 35, 37 evius, 37 exilis, 35 heteronea, 35 icarioidis, 35 lupini, 36 nestos, 37 nivium, 36 i 348 Index. Lycsena pheres, 35, 37 phileros, 37 philemon, 36 piasus, 35, 36, 37 podarce, 37 polyphemus, 37 pseudargiolus, 35, 36 regia, 36 rhaea, 35, 37 rufescens, 36 saepiolus, 35, 36, 37 sagittigera, 35, 37 shasta, 36 sonorensis, 36 suasa, 37 xerccs, 35 Lyga;us albulus, 334 Lygranthaecia, 7 Lygus pratensis, 230 Macneillia obscura, 104 Macroccphalus prehensilis, 269 Macronoctua, 18 Macroxyela, 261 Magusa, 1 1 Malachius a;neus, 73, 80, 183 Mamestra, 3, 4, 5, 20, 33 adjuncta, 21 anguinea, 21 artesta, 20 assimilis, 21 atlantica, 21 canadensis, 21 capsularis, 20 confusa, 21, 33 congermana, 21 detracta, 21 discalis, 21 distincta, 21 erecta, 21 goodelli, 21 grandis, 21 latex, 21 laudabilis, 21 legitima, 21 lorea, 21 lubens, 21 lustralis, 20 meditata, 21 mucens, 20 numbosa, 21 olivacea, 21 pensilis, 21 picta, 21 purpuriscata, 21 radix, 21 renigera, 21 Mamestra rosea, 21 rubefacta, 21 rugosa, 21 subjuncta, 21 trifolii, 21 Manomera brachypyga, loi, 193 tenuescens, loi, 193 Mantis religiosa, 337 Maphoca, 172 Marasmalus, 13 Matigramma, 6 Maturna ephippigera, 280 lloydi, 280, 281 Matuta, 26 Megachile ecuadoria, 307 ecuadoria, 311 garleppi, 310 philinca, 310 pollinosa, 311 pulchra, 310 pyrrhogastra, 310 ' Megistocera, 205, 215 bicauda, 216 fuscana, 216 longipennis, 216, 218 tenuis, 216, 217 Melanomma, 9 Melanoplus keeleri, 108, 196 puer, 108 prapinquus, 108 rotundipennis, 108, 196 Melaporphyria, 7 Meliana, 22 Meliopotis, 19 limbolaris, 31 Melipona fuscipes, 308, 30^ miiuetica. 308 pseudocentris, 308 rufiventris, 309 Melisodcs ecuadoria, 319 Melitoma euglossoides, 316 fulvifrons, 316 marginella, 316 Melve, 255 Membracis nutans, 277 ritulus, 278 Menopsimus, 8 caducus, 27 Mermiria intertexta, 104, 19^ Mesocyphona, 120 Mesolomia, 29 Mesothemis simplicicollis, 8r Metalectra, 14, 30 discalis, 30 prxcisalis, 30 Metamasius hemipterus, 334- sericeus, 334 Index. 349 Methesia, 280 Methorasa, 29 Microcentrum rhombifolium, no, 197 ro stratum, 197 Microcoelia, 15, 30 fragilis, 30 Microschema inermis, 2^^ Miogryllus saussurei, 114, 204 Miscodera arctica, 337 Mocis, 32 guatemalensis, 120 Molaphilus or ion, 119, 123, 124 Moma, 30 Momaphana, 30 comstocki, 30 Moninia, 22, 23 Monodes, 16 Monoleuca semifascia, 224, 225 Monomorium carbonarium, 42, 43 compressum, 40, 43 cyaneum, 38, 40, 43 ebeninum, 40, 42, 43 floricola, 40' ergatogyna, 42 minimum, 42, 43 minutum, 42, 43 Mormonia, 23 Morrisonia, 4, 20, 21, 33 confusa, 33 vomerina, 20 Murgantia histrionica, 177 Myiophasia globosa, 161 Myrmecocystus, 39 hortideorum, 57 melanoticus, 38, 57 melliger, 57 mexicanus, 57 Myrmica brevinodis, 53 mexicana, 38, 52, 53 punctiventris, 38, 53 scabrinodis, 52 subalpina, 53 sulcinodis, 38, 53 sulcinodoides, 53 Neoblattella detersa, 98 Neoconocephalus mexicanus, in fasciatus, 202 ambitiosus, 114, 204 Nemobius carolinus, 114 cubensis, 114 socius, 114, 204 Neotettix coarctatus, 102 femoratus, 102, 194 Nephelodes, 4, 21 Noctua, 8, 24, 25, 32 astricta, 25 Noctua aurulenta, 25 baja, 25 brunnea, 25 clandestina, 25 c-nigrum, 25, 32 haruspica, 25 infecta, 25 lubricans, 25 plecta, 25 saucia, 25 violaris, 25 ypsilon, 25 Nomotettix cristatus, 102, 265 floridanus, 102, 194 Nomius pygmseus, 337 Nonagria, 10, 27 Nycteola, 29 proteella, 29 revayana, 29 Nylanderia, 55 Nymphidium molpe, 153 Octotemnus, 173 Ocyptera argentea, 162 Odontomachus clarus, 39, 40 hsematoda, 40 Odontoxiphidium apterum, in, 203 CEcanthus angustipennis, 115, 204 quadripunctatus, 115 CEstrogaster, 161 Ogdoconta, 13 Oligia, 16 Ommatostila, 15 Omus, 78 ambiguus, 78 angusto cylindricus, 78 audouini, 78 blaisdelli, 78 borealis, 78 brunnescens, 78 californicus, 78 collaris, 78 compositus, 78 confluens, 78 cribripennis, 78 degener, 78 dejeani, 78 dunni, 78 edwardsi, 78 elongatus, 78 fraterculus, 78 fuchsi, 78 horni, 78 hornianus, 78 humeroplanatus, 78 intermedio pronotalis, 78 intermedius, 78 350 Index. Omus gracilior, 78 laevis, 78 lecontei, 78 lobatus, 78 lucidicollis, 78 lugubris, 78 maritimus, 78 mimus, 78 montanus, 78 nunnenmacheri, 78 parvicollis, 78 procerus, 78 punctit-ons, 78 regularis, 78 sculptilis, 78 sequoiarum, 78 submetallicus, 78 tularensis, 78 vandykei, 78 xanti, 78 Oncocnemis, 10 Ononis, 27 Onthophagus, 290 anthracinus, 293, 298 arizonensis, 292, 296 brevifrons, 291, 300, 333, 334 coproides, 291, 293 cribricollis, 292, 297, 333 cuboidalis, 293 guatemalensis, 292, 295 hecate, 291, 294, 295 janus, 290, 292, 294, 29s, 296, 299. 333 landolti, 293, 299 lecontei, 292, 293, 298 nuchicornis, 292, 297 Orpheus, 290, 292, 293, 295, 296, 333 pennsylvanicus, 292, 297, 334 polyphemi, 291, 293 rhinocerus, 297 striatulus, 296, 333 subseneus, 290, 291, 294, 333 texanus, 292, 299 tuberculifrons, 292, 298 velutinus, 201, 294 Ophiogomphus, 61 anomalus, 61 aspersus, 62, 63 carolus, 62, 63 johannus, 61, 157 mainensis, 61 OrcheliiTium, glaberrimum, iii, 203 concinnum, 112 militare, 203 molossum, 112 pulchellum, 112 Orocharis saulcyi, 116, 205 Orphullela pelidna, 104, 194 Orsillacis, 169 producta, 169 Orthodes, 5, 22, 23 Orthosia, 30, 31 Oruza, 16, 31 albocostaliata, 31 Ozarba, 9, 27 humerata, 27 nigellus, 27 puncticosta, 27 Pachnobia, 8, 24, 25 cinerea, 26 fishii, 26 juncta, 26 littoralis, 25 manifesta, 25 monochromatea, 25 okakensis, 25 rava, 26 salicarum, 25 wockii, 26 Pachydiplax longipennis, 81 Psectes, 1 8 Palthis, 9 Panapoda, 19 Panchrysia, 28, 32 Pangrapta, 12 Panonius longulus, 269 Panthea, 3, 32 Papaipema, 13, 31 cerina, 31 lysimachiae, 79 speciosissima, 82 Papilio andremon, 176 androgeus, 176 aristodemus, 176 ajax, 81 caiguanabus, 176 celadon, 176 cresphontes, 8i columbus, 176 glaucus turnus, 81 oxynius, 176 palamedes, 81 pelans, 176 philenor, 81 polydamas, 176 thoas ovieda, 176 troilus, 81 Parallelia, 6, 23, 24 Parasa indetermina, 225, 226 Parastichtis, 31 Paratettix rugosus, 103 Faroxya atlantica, 108, 196 floridiana, 109 Index. 351 Paroxya paroxyoides, 196 Pedanostethus riparius, 262, 264 terrestris, 262, 264 Pediastrum, 146 Pellenes roseus, 262 Penthesilia, 17S verbosa, 178 Peridroma, 25 Perigea, 14 xanthioides, 30 Periplaneta americana, 99, 193 australasise, 99, 100, 193 brunnea, 99 Phacusa pallescens, 279 personata, 27S Phalsenostola, 16 Phanaeus difformis, 334 Pheidole acolhua, 41, 48, 50 arizonica, 49, 50 chalcea, 45, 46 centeotl, 38, 46 ceres, 46 crassicornis, 51 floridana, 46 hirtula, 48, 50 hyatti, 51 kingi, 48, SI macclendoni, 46, 48 obtusospinosa, 49, 50 pilifera, 51 rugifrons, 51 subdentata, 49, 50 tepanica, 46, 48 texana, 51 vasleti, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51 vinelandica, 51 Philometra, 16, 31 Phiprosopus, 10 Phlegethontius cingulata, 338 Phobetron pithecium, 223 Phoeocyma, 6, 23, 32 Phoberia, 19 Pholcus phalangioides, 173 Phorantha occidentis, 162 Phrixa maya, 180, 183, 191, 197 Phrurys, 6, 23, 32 Phymata acutangula, 170 Physonota alutacea, 339 picticollis, 339 unipunctata, 339 Phytometra, 32 Phytonomus alfalfse, 183 Pipiza albopilosa, 336 femoralis, 336 Pirata montana, 262 Plagiomimicus, 10 Planiceps hixus, 304 Planiceps niger, 304 Platagrotis, 26 Plathypena, 17 Platynus caudatus, 335 Platysenta, 16 Pleonectyptera, 17, 19 Plusia, II, 28, 32 Poaphila, 6, 23, 33 Pognomyrniex barbatus, 39, 51, 52 molefaciens, 52 Polia, 30 Polistes, 8r Polychrysia, 28 breviceps, 56 Polyergus montezuma, 38, 56 rufescens, Polygrammate, 15 Polyonimatus aroto, 35 gorgon, 35 helloides, 35 hypophleas, 35 ianthe, 36 mariposa, 36 nivalis, 36 virginiensis, 33 xanthoides, 35 zeroe, 36 Polyphemus, 66 Polyporus, 173 Pompiloides, 301 angularis, 303 atlanticus, 301 argenteus, 301 autumnalis, 301 clystera, 302 consimilis, 301 cylindricus, 301, 302, 304 estellina. 303 hyacinthinus, 301 insolens, 304 marginatus, 302 minusculus, 301 padrinus, 301 pretiosa, 301 rectus, 303 reducta, 302 rufibasis, 301 semirufus, 301 solonus, 303 stenotus, 302 Ponera inexorata, 39, 40 opacior, 40 trigona, 40 Porrycondyla caudata, 129 setosa, 129 Prenolepis mexicana, 55 viridula, 55 352 Index. Probezzia, 281 Frodenia, 1 1 Prolabia unidentata, 97 Prothymia, 16, 33 Proxenus, 31 Psammochares hirsutifemur, 304 Psaphida, 10 Psectragljea, 1 1 carnosa, 28 Pseudanthracea, 23 Pseudomyrma flavidula, 39, 42 Psidium guayana pomiferum, 242 Psinidia fenestralis, 106, 192, 195 Psychomorpha, 10 Ptersetholix, 30 teratophora, 30 Pteroscia, 7 Pycnoscelis surinamensis, 99, 193 Pyrgocorypha uncinata, iii, 203 Pyrrhia, 14, 17 exprimens, 30 umbra, 30 Pyrophila, 15 Quercus nana, 338 Remigia, 6 Renia, 9, 17, 31 salusalis, 9 Radinotatum brevipenne, 194 peninsulare, 103, 104 Raghuva, 2-j Ranunculus acris, 73 Paphia, 14 illudens, 119 Rhabdomastix illudens, 119 septentrionalis, 119 Rhipidia calverti, 118 conica, 117 costalis, 119, 123 domestica, 118 punctipennis, 117, 123, 124 Rhizagrotis, 24, 27 acclivis, 27 albalis, 27 cloanthoides, 27 geniculata, 24 scandcns 24 Rhododispa, 7, 27 Rhodoccia, 11 aurantiago, 28 Rhodophora, 7, 27 Rivula, 9 Romalea microptera, 106, 195 Salta, 17 Sandalus nigcr, 337 Sandalus petrophya, 337 Sarrothripus, 12 Scaphinotus dilatatus, 139, 140, 141 elevatus, 88, 139, 140, 141, 144 flammeus, 139, 141 heros, 88, 139, 141, 142, 144 shoemakeri, 85, 143, 144 tenebricosus, 139, 140 unicolor, 85, 143, 144 Scapteriscus abbreviatus, 113 Scarites, 79 alternatus, 80 californicus, 80 lissopterus, 80 substriatus, 80 subterraneus, 80 texanus, 80 Scenedesmus, 146 Schinia, 7, 27 gloriosa, 27 regia, 27 sanguinea, 27 saturata, 7, 27 Schistocera alutacea, 107 americana, 107, 195, 266 damnifica calidior, 107, 196, 266 obscurior, 107 rubiginosa, 196 Schinus mole, 38 Scirtetica marmorata picta, 106, 192, 195 Scoleococampa, 19 Scoliopteryx, 10 Scolytus, 77 Scolopocerus, granulosus. 166, 167 sccundarius, 167 vihleri, 167 Scopelosoma, 31 Scotogramma, 20 Scudderia cuneata, 197 furcata, 109, 197 texcnsis, 109, 197 Semiophora, 26 grisatra, 333 Senta, 10, 18, 28 defecta, 28 inquinata, 28 oruntalis, 28 orphnina, 28 panatela, 28 rufostriga, 28 Siavana, 19 Sideridis, 21, 22 Sidusa dominicaita. 329, 331 Smilia vitulus, 278 Solenopsis minutissima, 39, 43 picea, 43 Index. 353 Sphseridium scarabasoides, 73 Sphaeroderus, 182 Sphenophorus asqualis, 172 Sphida, 10 Sphinx, 66 Spiloloma, 6 Spongiphora brunneipennis, 265 Spragueia, 8, 12, 29 Stagmomantis Carolina, 100, 193 Statira, 288, 289 basalis, 289 colorata, 289 croceicollis, 289 defecta, 290 gagatina, 289 huachucse, 290 opacicollis, 289 pluripunctata, 289 pulchella, 290 resplendens, 289 robusta, 289 simulans, 290 subnitida, 289 Stenacris vitreipennis, 107, 266 Stenamma manni, 38, 51 Stenomera clins, 170 marginella, 170 Stibadium, 10 Stilpnochroa marginella, no, 192, 197 Stiria, 10 Strategus anachoreta, 339 antasus, 336 julianus, 339 4-foveata, 339 Stretchia, 4 Symphoricarpos, 132 Sympistis, 12, 20 Syneda, 19, 31 Syngrapha, 28, 32 Syrbula admirabilis, 194 Tabanus, 261 mexicanus, Si zonalis, 335 Tseniocampa, 15, 21, 22, 23 alia, 23 alurina, 23 contrahens, 23 culea, 23 furfurata, 23 garmani, 23 intractata, 23 oviduca, 23 planalis, 23 revicta, 23 rubrescens, 23 Tasniocampa subterminalis, 23 Tseniosea, 17 Tafalisca lurida, 116 Tanypremna, 205, 206 Columbiana, 206, 207, 208, 213 manicata, 206, 208, 209 longipes, 207, 208 longissima, 208, 209 opilio, 206, 208, 209 regina, 206, 207, 208, 214 Tapinoma sessile, 55 Tapinostola, 28 Tarache, 8, 13, 15, 27 semiflava, 2-] Tarachidia, 8, 29 Taxorhina centralis, 118 Telesilla, 29 amethystina, 29 Temnochila, 78 virescens, 78 Tempyra biguttata, 170 Tenebroides, 78 Tenthredo, 261 Terminalia cattapa, 242 Tetanolita, 9 Tetralonia festiva, 317 melectoides, 319 melectura, 318 pygialis, 319 zebra, 319 Tetrapedia, 320 alfkeni, 321, 323 buchwaldi, 320 calcarata, 320 diversipes, 320 mayarum, 320 maura, 321 moesta, 320, 321 muelleri, 320 plumipes, 320 Tettigidea armata, 103 lateralis, 103, 194, 265 spicata, 103 Tetracha chevrolati, 183 Teucholabis trifasciata, 118 Thecla auretorum, 34 angustus, 34 azia, 154 beon, 153 bonis, 36 californica, 34, 36 celmus, 153 croliis, 153 damon, 267 dryope, 34 dunnetorum, 35 eryphon, 35 354 Index. Thecla grunus, 34 iroides, 34 nelsoni, 36 niphon, 35 palegon, 153 putnami, 88 rubi, 35 saepium, 34 salona, 154 spadix, 34 sylvinus, 34, 88 syncellus, 154 tetra, 34 Thelia, multoglypta, 279 Theope hcrta, 153 Thesprotia graminis, 100, 193 Thomasia calif ornica, 132 Thrasmedes pallescens, 279, 281 Thysania, 9 Timais, 20 Tipula longipes, 206 obliquefasciata, 123 acuminatus, 263 Tmeticus conicus, 263, 264 entomologicus, 263 index, 263, 264 terrestris, 264 Tomostetus, 255 Taxocampa, 19 Taxomyia americana, 130 Tramea onusta, 81 Trama, 20 Trapezonotus rufipes, 170 Tricentnis banguensis, 23S, 239 brevis, 239 cuneatus, 238 decurvatus, 238, 239 Tricholita, 4, 21 Trichodcs, 178 Trichopoda aurantiaca, 162 Trigona amalthea, 309 cressoni, 309 cupira, 309 frontalis, 309 hyalinata, 309 leiicogastra, 309 postica, 309 Trigonophora, 14, 29, 30 Trimerotropis citrina, 106, 195 Tripeolus buchwaldi, 314 mcgadelphus, 314 sublimatus, 315 Triphcena, 26 Tripudia, 8 quadrifera, 8 Triquetra inermis, 277 Truxalis brevicornis, 104 Ufeus, 8 Ulolonche, 5, 22 Vespa, 81 crabro, 83 Wahlbergia atripennis, 162 Wala footei, 330, 331 Woodwardia, 172 Xanthia, 15, 29, 31, 33 carina, 29 pulchella, 31 puta, 31 Xanthoinelana atripennis, 162 Xanthoecia, 10, 28 buffaloensis, 28 latia, 28 Xanthoptera, 9, 10, 27 nigrofimbria, 27 Xanthopastis, 4, 33 timais, 33 Xenodusa sharpi, 39 Xestocis, 173 Xenoglossa citrullina, 316 Xiphidria, 261 Xylina, 3, 14, 18, 31 capax, 333 fagina, 333 laticinerea, 333 pexata, 332 thaxteri, 333 Xylocopa brasilianorum, 307 bruesi, 307 transitoria, 307 callichlora, 307 frontalis» 307 morio, 307 viridimicans, 307 Xylomiges, 4, 21 Xylotype, 14 capax, 30 Zale, 24, 32 Zanclognatha, 16, 31 Zelus bilobus, 269 cervicalis, 269 BACK VOLUMES AND NUMBERS. Back volumes and numbers of the Journal of the New York Entomo- logical Society can be supplied at $2.00 per volume and $0.60 per number, Neumoegen and Dyar's Preliminary Revision of the Bombyces of America north of Mexico (150 pp.) sold separately at $1.50. TITLES OF A FEW OF THE PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL. coleoptera. Pages Casey. Studies in the Ptinidae, Cioidae and Sphindidae of America 33 A revision of the American Coccinellidae 99 Review of the American Corylophidae, Crytophagidae, Tritomidae and Dermestidae, with other studies. (Cuts.) 121 Chittenden. The North American species of the genus Notaris 3 Fall. On the affinities of the genus Tachycellus, with descriptions, etc.... 10 Synopsis of the species of Acmaeodera of America, north of Mexico. . 36 A short synopsis of the species of Ochodaeus inhabiting the U. S 9 A review of the North American species of Collops 25 Leng. Notes on Coccinellidae, I, II, III and IV. (In different numbers.) 9 pp., I pi,; 21 pp., 2 pi.; 12 pp., I pi. ; s pp. Linell. A short review of the Chrysomelas of North America S Matheson. The Haliplidae of North America, north of Mexico. (6 pi.).. 36 Schaeffer. New genera and species of Coleoptera 39 New Scarabaeidae 15 New Clavicorn Coleoptera 6 New Coleoptera and miscellaneous notes 13 Sherman. A list of Labrador Coleoptera 25 Wheeler. Notes in Myrmecophilous beetles of the genus Xenodusa, etc.. 6 Studies in Myrmecophiles. I. Cremastochilus. (Cuts.) 11 Studies in Myrmecophiles. II, Hetaerius, (Cut.) 8 Lepidoptera. Barnes and McDunnough. New species and varieties of N. A. Lepidoptera 14 New species and genera of N, A. Lepidoptera 11 Busck, A review of the Tortricid subfamily Phaloniinae, etc 18 New American Tineidae. (i pi.) 14 Dyar. Review of the genus Ethmia, with descriptions of new species.... 7 A review of the N. A. species of Prodoxus and Pronuba a A review of the Hesperiidae of the United States 3^ Grinnell and Grinnell. The butterflies of the San Bernardino Mt,, CaL . . 13 The North American Nymphulinae and Scopariinae 3' Grossbeck. New moths of the family Geometridae ^3 Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of N. A. Geometridae. (Cuts, i pi.) 10 Pages New species and one new genus of Geometridae. (i pi.) 9 Hulst. New species of Lepidoptera 10 Kearfott. A revision of the N. A. species of the genus Choreutes 19 Descriptions of new Tineoidea. ( i pi.) 21 New North American Tortricidae and Tineina. (i pi.) 21 Neumoegen and Dyar. New species and varieties of Bombyces 7 Ottolengui. Plusia and allied genera, with descriptions of new species. (4 pi.) 20 Packard. Notes on the life histories of some Notodontidae 20 Schaus. New species of Heterocera from tropical America. Seven sepa- rate papers with from s to 15 pages. Smith. Notes on the species of Noctua, with descriptions of new forms. (I Pl.) 6 Notes on Scotogramma and Oncocnemis, etc 8 New species of Noctuidae. Six separate papers with from 13 to 23 pages. New Noctuids for 1903, No. 2, with notes on Mamestra and Scoto- gramma. ( I pl.) 22 New species of Noctuidae for 1908, I, with notes on Charadra, Raphia and Pseudanarta 19 Notes on the N. A. species of Agroperina Hampson. (2 pl.) 12 Stretch. Heterocera Americana. 11 plates with explanations. Hemiptera. Barber. Descriptions of some new Hemiptera-Heteroptera 8 Bueno. The genus Notonecta in America, north of Mexico, (i pl.) . . . . 25 Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Westchester Co., N, Y 15 Caudell. The genus Sinea of Amyot & Serville. (2 pl.) 11 Coleman. Coccidae of the coniferae, with descriptions, etc. (3 pl.) 25 Olsen. Contribution to an annotated list of Long Island insects 10 DiPTERA. Alexander. A revision of the genus Brachypremna Osten Sacken. (i pl.) 11 Coquillett. Synopsis of the dipterous genus Symphoromyia 4 Revision of the dipterous family Therevidae 5 Notes and descriptions of Tachinidae 10 New genera and species of Tachinidae 10 New Nematocerous Diptera from North America 14 Dyar. A synoptic table of North American mosquito larvae 4 Dyar and Knab. The larvae of Culicidae classified as independent organ- isms. (13 pl.) 61 Felt. Studies in Itonididae 13 New gall midges or Itonididae 10 Jones. A preliminary list of Nebraska Syrphidae, with descriptions, etc... 13 Osburn. Studies in Syrphidae, I, II and III. (In one number.) (3 pl.).. 14 Swenk. The North American species of Cuterebra 4 Wheeler. Studies in Myrmecophiles. III. Microdon. (Cut.) 12 Hymenoptera. Pages ■Ashmead. Superfamilies in the Hymenoptera and generic synopses of the families Thynnidas, Myrmosidae and Mutillidae i6 Classification of the pointed-tailed wasps or the superfamily Procto- trupidae, I, II and III. (In different numbers.) 8, 7 and 14 pp. Banks. New species of Psammocharidae 13 Psammocharidae : classification and descriptions 18 Fox. Synopsis of the species of Nysson inhabiting America north of Mexico 7 Rohwer. New western Tenthredinidse 10 Wheeler. The N. A. forms of Camponotus fallax Nylander 17 Orthoptera. Bruner. Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West Indies 31 Caudell. The genus Cyphoderris. (Cuts.) 6 The Cyrtophylli of the United States. ( i pi.) 13 Davis, Three new species of Belocephalus from Florida. (With table of species.) 3 Scudder. The North American species of Nemobius 8 Arachnida. Banks. The Phalangida of New York 2 A list of spiders of Long Island, N. Y., with descriptions, etc 16 New California spiders 3 New genera and species of nearctic spiders. (2 pi.) 10 New tropical pseudoscorpions 5 Ewing. Notes on pseudoscorpions ; a study on the variations of our com- mon species, Chelifer cancroides, etc. (5 pi.) 16 The pages of the Journal also teem with short articles on life histories and habits of insects, and some longer ones on structure and distribution — information concerning which will be supplied on request. All orders should be addressed to A. J. Mutchler, American Museum of Natural History, New York. the; NEW YORK EiNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893. The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month (except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum op Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave. Annual dues for Active Members, (^3.00. Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to the treasurer. Officers for the Year 19 14. President, RAYMOND C. OSBURN Columbia University, New York. Vice-Fresident, H. G. 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