JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

^tvoUii to '^ntomoXoQv; in ^ettjeval

/ JAN '^ ^ "^"

Voluime XXVIII, 1920 ^ 5-^ ( / o

NEW YORK

Published by the Society

Quarterly

1920

PRESS OF

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY

LANCASTER, PA.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVIII.

Page.

ALEXAxnER. Chas p.,

Records and Descri])tions of Neotropical Crane-Flies

( Tipulids, Diptera). II i

Barber. Geo. W., and Ellis. Wm. O.,

The Beetles of the Family Cupedidae of America north

of Mexico 197

Bell, E. L..

Winter Collecting Notes on Florida Rhopalocera 235

B latch LEY, W. S.,

Some new Rhyncophora from eastern North America with
Additions to and Corrections of the " Rhyncophora of

Northeastern America " 161

Chamberlin, W. J.,

Notes on two little known wood-boring Beetles. Chryso-
bothris sylvania Fall and Melasis rufipennis Horn.

(Buprestidae, Elateridse.) 15 ^

Davis, Wm. T.,

The true Katydid nearly extinct in New York City 78

North American Cicadas belonging to the Genera Platy-

pedia and ]\Ielampsalta 95

Book Reviews ....•; 239

Dawson, R. W.,

New Species of Serica. ( Scarabseidse. ) III 208

Dickerson. Edgar I., and Weiss, Harry B..

The Insects of the Evening Primroses in New Jersey .... 32
Forbes. W. T. M..

Notes on the Crambin;c. ( Lcpidoptera. ) 214

Hallinan. Thomas.

General Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Canal Zone,

Isthmus of Panama -23^

Nicola Y. Alan S., and Weiss. Harry B..

The Group Traches in North America. Part I. The

Genera Pachyschclus and Taphrocerus 136

NoTMAN, Howard.

Coleoptera collected at Schoharie. N. V., Juno 9-14. 19' 8,
with Descriptions of new Species I4

iii

iv Contents.

Legs in the Carabidae • • ^o

Coleoptera collected at Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., with

Notes and Descriptions 17°

Petrunkevitch, Alexander, Ph.D.,

Description of Orchestina saltitans Banks. (Arachnida.) 157

Sharp, D.,

Studies in Rhyncophora. IX. The sexes of Conotrachelus

brevisetis Champ 74

Watson, Frank E.,

• Miscellaneous Notes and Records of local Lepidoptera

with the Description of a new Form 227

Woodruff, Lewis B.,

Further Notes on the Membracid Genus Ophiderma

Fairm. (Hemip.-Homop.) 212

Miscellaneous Notes °9

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society. 90, 194, 241

Vol. XXVI II.

N<.. I

JOUR N AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

BntomologicaJ Society.

S>evoteC» to lEutomoloovi in (5a

'O/i , K *

JUN2 1 1920 )

MARCH, 1920.

Edited hy HOWARD N( )TMAN

/'lil'lualion Coinuiittrr.
Hi'WAKu NiiiMAN K. t. Lur«.

NV. P. COMSTOCK. CH\m.RS SCIIABPPKK.

Rublished Quarterly by the Society.
I,.\NC.\STKR, 1\\. NEW YORK CITV.

1920.

Apnl :i, 1/04,31 I,a'>c«*!»r, Ta. as »econd-claji matter un.lcr Act ot Congre»» ol July i*-. 1*^,4
THC NtW tHA f«lNr

CONTENTS

Records and Descriptions of Neotropical Crane Flies, Diptera,

Tipulidae. II. By Chari.es P. Alexander ... i

Coleoptera collected at Schoharie, N. Y., June 9-14, 1918, with De-
scriptions of New Species. By Howard NoTMAN. . . . •• • 14
The Insects of the Evening Primroses in New Jersey. By Edgar

I.. Dickerson and Harry B. Weiss. . . 32

Studies in Rhynchophora. IX. The Sexes of Conotrachelus brevi-

Setis Champ. By D. Sharp. ... / . 74

The True Katydid nearly extinct in New York City. B\ \\ m. T.

Davis 78

Legs in the Carabidae. By Howard Notman. 80

Miscellaneous Notes. 89

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society. 90

JOURNAL

Pt\a i]0oFk ^n^omologiral HoriFfg,

Vol. XXVIII. March, 1920. No. 1.

RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEOTROPICAL
CRANE-FLIES (TIPULID^, DIPTERA). II.

By Charles P. Alexander,

Urbana, III.

The crane-flies discussed in the present article are ahnost without
exception from South America. They are based largely on collect-
ions made in 1919 near Para, Brazil, by Mr. Herbert S. Parish, the
veteran insect collector of the American Tropics. Several other
interesting species were sent me by Seiior Charles Bruch. collected
near La Plata, Argentina, and a few others taken by Dr. Witte in
the Province of Santa Cruz, Southern Patagonia. The types are
preserved in the collection of the writer ; parat>'pes of several Ar-
gentinian species in the Museum at La Plata.

Genus Geranomyia Curtis.
Geranomyia argentinensis new species.

Head gray, the gcnx more buffy ; mesonotum dull yellow, the pra:scutum
with three very broad brown stripes that are nearly confluent ; femora with
an indistinct, narrow, brown subterminal ring; wings subhyaline, the stigma
dark brown, vein Sc long, the basal deflection of C«i before the fork of M.

Male. — Length (excluding rostnim), 5.8-6 mm.; wing, 6.3-6.8 mm.;
rostrum, 3.2-3.4 mm.

Female. — Length (excluding rostrum), 7.5 mm.; wing. -.5 mm.; rostrum,
3.3 mm.

2 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxviii.

Rostrum dark brown, rather elongate, the tips of the paraglossae compara-
tively short. Antennae with the scapal segments brown, the flagellum dark
brown; basal flagellar segments oval, the terminal segments cylindrical. Head
pale reddish, heavily gray pruinose, the gense buflfy. Vertex between the eyes
rather narrow.

Mesonotum dull yellow, the prascutum with three very broad brown
stripes that are practically confluent ; scutum with the lobes largely dark
brown ; scutellum dark brown, broadly margined with yellow or, in some cases,
entirely yellow ; postnotum dark brown. Pleura uniformly dull yellow, the
mesonotum whitish pruinose. Halteres brown, the base of the stem paler.
Legs with the coxse and trochanters yellow ; femora pale yellowish brown, the
tips a little brighter and with a very indistinct and narrow brown annulus ;
tibiae light brown, the tips narrowly darker ; tarsi dark brown. Wings sub-
hyaline ; stigma oval, dark brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc long, Sci
extending to about opposite two thirds the length of the long sector, Sc2 not
far removed from the tip of Sci ; a supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc a short
distance before the origin of the sector; Rs long, about three times as long as
the basal deflection of Ri + ^; basal deflection of C«i some distance before the
fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the lateral margins of the tergites more
yellowish ; sternites yellowish. Male hypopygium with the ventral pleural ap-
pendage large, greatly exceeding the pleurites; two acute needle-like points on
either side at the base of the ventral pleural appendage.

Habitat. — Argentina.

Holotype, J*, Province of Buenos Aires (C. Bruch).

Allotype, 5.

Paratopotypes, S (^>2-

Geranomyia argentinensis belongs to the group of G. canadensis
(Westwood) and is most nearly allied to G. guatemalensis A\Q-x.a.ndtr
from which it may be told by the shorter rostrum, the different tho-
racic and abdominal pattern, the less distinct brown femoral ring,
and other details.

Genus Dicranomyia Stephens.
Dicranomyia amazonica new species.

Size large (wing of ,^ over 8 mm.) ; general coloration black, the prsescu-
tum reddish with a shiny black median stripe ; wings grayish brown, the costal
region and narrow seams along the cord darker brown, Sc long, cell ist M^
small, subquadrate.

Male. — Length, 7.8 mm. ; wing, 8.5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae black throughout, the last seg-
ment elongate subulate. Head dark brown, gray prviinose, the vertex narrowed
between the eyes, the latter with large coarse ommatidia.

Nlarch, 1920. 1 ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CrAXE-FlIES. 3

Mesonotal prsscutum reddish with a conspicuous black median stripe that
is broadest and most distinct in front, becoming obliterated before the suture ;
scutum, scutellum and postnotum black. Pleura mostly black, the mesepimera
a little paler. Halteres dark brownish black. Legs with the coxae dull reddish,
the fore coxae black ; trochanters dull reddish ; femora black, the bases nar-
rowly reddish ; remainder of the legs black. Wings grayish brown, the wing-
base indistinctly brighter; the costal region, stigma, tip of the wing and narrow
seams along the crossveins and deflections of veins dark brown ; veins dark
brown, R, Cti and 2d A more yellowish. Venation : Sc long, extending to be-
yond midlength of the long sector, Sco at the tip of .S"<r, ; r at the tip of R^,
longer than the apex of /?i beyond it; cell ist M, small, subquadrate; basal
deflection of Cu^ before the fork of M ; Cu„ shorter than the deflection of Cui.

Abdominal tergites black, the caudal margins of segments two to five
broadly but indistinctly paler; stcrnitcs reddish brown. Hypopygium conspic-
uously reddish orange ; pleurites elongate, much longer than the relatively small
appendages; penis-guard conspicuous, about as long as the pleurites.

Habitat. — Brazil.

Holotype, J*. Igarape-Assu, Para, July i6, 1919 ( H. S. Parish).

Paratype, J*, Obidoo, September 10, 1919 (H. S. Parish).

Dicranomyia sanctae-cruzae new species.

General coloration reddish yellow ; antennal flagellum dark brown ; legs
yellow, only the terminal tarsal segments darker; wings yellowish subhyaline
with sparse dark brown marks at the stigma, along the cord, at crossvein m
and on the 2d Anal vein.

Male. — Length, 8.4 mm. ; wing, 12 mm.

Female. — Length, 9—9.3 mm.; wing, 11. 5— 12.6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi light yellow. Antennae with the scapal segments brown-
ish yellow, the flagellar segments dark brown, the intermediate flagellar seg-
ments oval in shape. Head reddish brown with a microscopic dense white
pubescence, the median line of the vertex darker. Eyes rather widely sepa-
rated by the vertex.

Thorax reddish yellow, the mesonotal pr.xscutum with very indistinct
darker reddish stripes. Pleura reddish brown. Halteres pale. Legs with the
coxcc and trochanters dull yellow ; remainder of the legs pale yellow, the two
terminal tarsal segments dark brown ; last tarsal segment longer than the
penultimate ; claws with three teeth. Wings subhyaline, the yellow veins sur-
rounded by a pale yellow tinge; stigma brown, connected with a brown seam
at the fork of Rs; Cm^ and the basal deflection of Cm, seamed with brown; a
large brown area on crossvein mi ; the distal half of vein 2d A with a large
dark brown seam. Venation : 5"c, ending opposite the origin of Rs, Scz a short
distance back from the tip so that Sc^ alone is a little longer than r; basal
deflection of /?4*s about one half the length of the feebly sinuous sector; cell
1st A/j closed ; basal deflection of Ci<, at or some distance before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the sternites yellowish, the subtcrminal

4 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxviii.

sternites a little darker. Male hypopygium rather large, the pleurites slender,
on the ventral inner face produced proximad into a prominent lobe that is
covered with appressed hairs; ventral pleural appendage large. Ovipositor
with the valves nearly equal in length, or the tergal valves a little shorter than
the sternal valves, the tips acute; the tergal valves are blackened and with the
dorsal edges minutely serrate.

Habitat.— Argentina (Patagonia) ; Tierra del Fuego.

Holotype, J*, Valle Tunel, Santa Cruz (Dr. Witte).

Allotopotype, 2-

Paratopotype, $; paratype, $, Tierra del Fuego (Ohlin).

Dicranomyia sanctcc-cruza is a large, vigorous species that re-
sembles D. chlorofica (Philippi), but is readily told by the hand-
somely spotted wings.

The paratype is in the Reichsmuseum in Stockholm.

Genus Rhipidia Meigen.
Rhipidia (Rhipidia) costaloides new species.

Antennae black ; general coloration black, the anterior part of the praescu-
tum more reddish brown ; wings pale gray with a grayish brown pattern along
the veins.

Female. — Length, 4.8 mm. ; wing, 5.3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae black throughout.
Head dark.

Mesonotal prasscutum reddish brown, becoming darker posteriorly, the re-
mainder of the mesonotum likewise dark. Pleura dark, the sternum more yel-
lowish. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae dark
basally ; trochanters brown ; femora brown ; remainder of the legs broken.
Wings pale gray subhyaline with a moderately heavy grayish brown pattern as
follows : six costal blotches that are approximately as large as the interspaces
between them, the first at the arculus, the third at the origin of Rs, the fifth
subocellate, at the stigma, the sixth at the end of vein ^^2 + 3; broad paler gray
seams along the cord and outer end of cell ist Mj. Venation : Sc ending just
beyond midlength oi Rs ; r at the tip of R^; deflection of R4 + B about as long as
cell 1st M,; inner end of cell ist M.^ not conspicuously arcuated; basal deflec-
tion of Cmi some distance before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the caudal margin of the segments
broadly dark brown ; sternites dull yellow, the segments conspicuously ringed
with blackish brown as an annulus on the caudal margin of the segments and
on the cephalic margin of the following segment ; genital segment dull yellow.
Ovipositor with the valves short but heavily chitinized ; tergal valves slender,
strongly upcurved at the acute tips ; sternal valves long, ending about on a
level with the tergal valves, straight, the tips acute.

Habitat. — Panama.

March, i9-'o.] ALEXANDER: XeOTROPICAL CrANE-FlIES. 5

Holotype, J. Quebrada Richa, a branch of the Rio Tapaliza, a
branch of the Rio Puero, altitude 1.300 feet, July 24, 1918 fAxel
Olsson).

This small species is closest to Rhipidia costalis W'illiston of Cen-
tral America and the Lesser Antilles. In order to supplement Wil-
liston's brief description, which applies equally well to more than
one species in the Neotropical fauna, ^Mr. W. D. Lang, of the British
Museum of Natural History, has very kindly sent me an enlarged
accurate drawing of the wing of the type specimen of R. costalis.
This figure agrees in all the essentials with the fly determined by the
writer as costalis in an earlier paper (JouRX. N. Y. Ext. Soc, Vol.
22, pi. 3, fig. 2; 1914), the dark markings along the costal margin
being considerably larger than the pale interspaces, the radial sector
very long, the basal deflection of R^.. comparatively short, basal de-
flection of C»i just beyond the fork of .1/ and other characters. In
Mr. Lang's figures, cell first M„ is shorter and broader than in the
specimen above mentioned. R. costaloidcs is readily told by the
reduced costal pattern and the venational details.

Genus Teucholabis Osten Sacken.
Teucholabis mendax new species.

General coloration reddish, the pn-escutum with three broad black stripes ;
head shining black; pleura with large black blotches; legs yellow throughout;
wings subhyaline, the apex and a broad seam along the cord slightly brownish.

Male. — Length, 7 mm. ; wing, 6.4 mm.

Rostrum pale brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennre dark brown, the
basal segments only a little paler. Head intense shiny black.

Pronotum shiny dark brown, the scutellum more reddish. Mesonotal prae-
scutum reddish yellow with three intense black stripes that are very extensive,
the interspaces restricted; median stripe ending before the suture; lateral
stripes very broad, nearly circular in outline, continued caudad onto the scutal
lobes ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish, the postnotum with a distinct
median and less distinct lateral stripes on the caudal half. Pleura orange-
yellow with large jet black areas, smallest on the propleura ; two large blotches
on the mesopleura, the largest on the mesepisternum, extending from the ster-
num to the dorsopleural membranes ; a smaller oval area immediately cephalad
of the halteres. Halteres small, reddish, the stems a little darker. Legs dull
yellow throughout, the femora somewhat thickened. Wings subhyaline with
the apex and a broad diffuse seam along the cord very indistinctly darker ;
stigma dark brown ; veins dark brown, the basal and costal regions more yel-
lowish. Venation : Sc rather long, extending to about midkngth of the sector ;

6 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^'o'- xxviii.

r inserted a short distance beyond the line of the cord ; cell ist M„ long and
narrow, about as long as vein Mj + o beyond it, longer than M^ beyond it; basal
deflection of Cmi at about one fourth the length of cell ist M,.

Abdomen reddish. Hypopygium weakly armed ; an outer flattened pale
blade that bears a few long setae ; a long-curved appendage that terminates in
a blackened needle-like point ; an inner, bifid heavily chitinized appendage with
the anterior blade flattened, the edge indistinctly two-toothed, truncated or
slightly concave ; penis-guard stout, the tip blackened.

Habitat. — Brazil.

Holotype, J*, Prata, Para, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish).
Teucholabis mendax is readily told from all its relatives by the
unusually pale banded wings and the shining black head.

Teucholabis persimilis new species.

General coloration light brown, the pleura yellow, wings yellow, crossvein
r lacking, veins issuing from cell ist Mn long.

Female. — Length, 4.6 mm. ; wing, 4.5 mm.

Rostrum pale brown, the palpi darker. Antennae unusually long for this
genus of flies, if bent backward extending to beyond the wing-root ; brown, the
basal segment a little paler; flagellar segments long-cylindrical with long ver-
ticils and a dense white pubescence. Head brownish yellow, sparsely white
pruinose ; vertex between the eyes broad.

Pronotum yellowish medially, the scutellum more whitish, the pleural
regions more brownish. Mesonotum light brown, sparsely pollinose, the
median area of the scutum and 'postnotum more yellowish. Pleura yellow, the
dorsal pleurites somewhat darker. Halteres brown, the knobs dark. Legs dull
yellow, the terminal three or four tarsal segments dark brown ; claws small,
untoothed, empodia conspicuous. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge ; stigma
indistinct, grayish ; veins brownish yellow. Venation : Sc rather long, Scj^ very
long, extending to beyond midlength of the long sector, Sc2 far from the tip
of Sci and slightly proximad of the origin of Rs; r lacking; veins i?2+3 and
i?4+5 long, curved caudad and running parallel at their ends ; cell ist Af, nar-
row, shorter than the veins issuing from it; basal deflection of Cu^ a short dis-
tance beyond the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites more yellowish. Ovipositor
with the valves long and slender, strongly upcur-ved, the tips acute.

Habitat. — Brazil.

Holotype, 5, Igarape-Assii, Para, July 15, 1919 (H. S. Parish).

This curious little fly is referred to the genus Teucholabis with
considerable doubt. The radial cross-vein is completely lacking and
vein Sc^ is very long for a member of this genus of flies. T. per-
similis bears a great resemblance to T. parishi Alexander (Psyche,

March, 1920.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CrAXE-FlIES. 7

Vol. 20, pp. 46, 47; 1913J which must likewise be considered a doubt-
ful member of the genus. The present species may be told by the
long antennae and the details of venation, especially the shorter sub-
costa, the lack of a spur of vein 7?,., and the shorter cell first M^ with
the longer veins issuing from it. That the spur on Z?,., in T. parishi
is a normal condition for this species is shown by the fact that it
bears a macrotrichia on this spur in both wings of the unique type,
this undoubtedly representing the origin of vein R^.

Genus Gonomyia Meigen.
Gonomyia (Gonomyella) paraensis new species.

Antennse with the basal segments light yellow, the flagellum brown ; head
yellow, silvery pollinose ; mesonotum lead-colored, the lateral margins narrowly
light yellow ; wings strongly tinged with brownish yellow, cell R^ very short,
cell A/j very deep.

Male. — Length, about 4 mm. ; wing, 4.5 mm.

Female. — Length, 4.5 mm. ; wing, 4.7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first scapal segment
light yellow, stout, moderately elongated ; second segment tumid, dull yellow ;
flagellum slender, brown, the segments with a dense white pubescence, in the
male with long, secund verticils. Head light yellow, darker on the occiput,
covered with a sparse silvery white pollen that is m.ost distinct on the anterior
part of the vertex.

Pronotum yellow medially, the sides d^rk. Mesonotal praescutum dark
lead color, sparsely pollinose, the lateral margin narrowly but conspicuously
light yellow, two indistinct brownish stripes occupy the region of the inter-
spaces; remainder of the mesonotum dark plumbeous. Pleura dull yellow,
with a broad, ill-defined, dusky, dorsal stripe. Halteres dark brown. Legs dull
yellow, darkening on the tibiae and tarsi, the latter dark brown. Wings strongly
brownish yellow, the costal region more saturated ; stigma indistinct ; veins
brown, the costal veins more yellowish. Venation : Sci ending slightly before
the fork of Rs ; fusion of /?j + , very long, the cell R, being shorter than in any
other described American species of Gonomyella; r at about two fifths the
length of ^j + j; cell A/j very deep; basal deflection of Cm, just beyond the
fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dull yellowish brown, the sternites more yellowish;
hypopygium dull brownish yellow. In the female the antennae are shorter,
the abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor horn-colored, the tergal valves very long,
slender, upcur\-ed at the tip.

Habitat. — Brazil.

Holotype, J*, Prata, Para, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish).

Allotype, $.

8 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii.

The holotype male has the wings very much darker brown than
in the female, the costal margin being especially suffused; in addi-
tion, the venational details are somewhat different, r being placed
before one third the length of R^^; R^ considerably longer, slightly
more than one half the length of R^; basal deflection of Cii^ some
distance beyond the fork of M. With the exception of these rather
conspicuous alar differences, the two flies are very similar to one
another and until further material becomes available they must be
considered as representing a single variable species.

Genus Erioptera Meigen.

Erioptera {Erioptera) micromyia new species.

Size very small (wing of 5 under 3 mm.) ; general coloration pale brown,
the thoracic dorsum unstriped ; wings grayish ; ovipositor very long and slender.

Female. — Length, 3.3 mm. ; wing, 2.8-2.9 mm.

Rostrum yellowish brown ; palpi dark brown. Antennae moderately long
and slender, brown. Head light brown, sparsely gray pruinose.

Mesonotum light brown, the prsescutum without stripes ; tuberculate pits
black, separated by a distance about equal to one and one half times the diam-
eter of one. Pleura light brown, heavily light gray pruinose. Halteres with
the knobs large, dark brown, the base of the stems pale. Legs with the coxae
small, pale testaceous, sparsely gray pruinose ; trochanters testaceous ; re-
mainder of the legs brown. Wings grayish subhyaline ; veins dark brown.
Venation : As in the subgenus Erioptera ; 26. anal vein moderately sinuate on
its outer third.

Abdomen with the tergites dark brown ; sternites more yellowish. Ovi-
positor with the valves very long and slender, acicular, gently upcurved ;
sternal valves similar in appearance to the tergal valves but more elongate,
ending but a short distance before the tips of the tergal valves.

Habitat. — Brazil.

Holotype, 5, Prata, Para, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish).'

Paratopotypes, 2 J's.

Genus Ozodicera Macquart.
Ozodicera attenuata new species.

Antennal segments four to nine with a single short pectination; segments
ten to thirteen very long and attenuated ; dorsum of the prascutum with four
brown stripes ; lateral margins of the abdominal tergites brown.

Male. — Length, about 20 mm.; wing, 16.5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head reddish, shiny, narrowly darker dorso-
mcdially ; nasus short ; palpi black. Antennae rather long for this genus of

March, 1920.] ALEXANDER: XeOTROPICAL CrANE-FlIES. 9

flies, the three basal segments orange, thence passing into black ; segments four
to nine each bears a single short pectination which is shorter than the seg-
ment that bears it ; the last four flagellar segments are greatly elongated,
filiform, their combined length considerably exceeding the remainder of the
antenna. Head yellowish tawny, the vertex very narrow between the large eyes.

Mesonotal praescutum yellowish tawny with four dark reddish brown
stripes; remainder of the mesonotum brown, sparsely pruinose, especially the
postnotum. Pleura light reddish brown, sparsely white pruinose. Haltcres
brown, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxae reddish brown, gray
pruinose; trochanters and femora dull brownish yellow; tibiae yellowish brown;
tarsi dark brown, very long and slender. Wings light gray, the base of the
wing and the costal region more brownish yellow; stigma elongate, grayish;
veins yellowish brown, C, Sc and Cu more yellowish. Venation : tip of 7?,
pale ; r-m very short to almost obliterated by the approximation of veins
i?4 + 5 and Mi + o; cell Mj broadly sessile; »i-ci« obliterated by the punctiform
contact of Cu^ on Mj + 4.

Abdominal tergites yellow, the lateral margins of the segments broadly
brown, this mark widening on the fourth and succeeding segments to include
most of the segments; sternites reddish yellow, segments seven and eight
darker. Hypopygium reddish, the pleurites long, slender, bearing the com-
pressed pleural appendages at their tips.

Habitat. — Brazil.

Holotype, (^, Prata, Para, July 5, 1919 (H. S. Parish).

Ozodicera attcnnata is closest to O. gracilis (Westwood) and
O. griscipcnnis Loew. It is characterized by the very short antcnnal
pectinations, the attenuated apical flagellar segments, the quadrivit-
tate thorax- and the dark lateral margins to the abdominal tergites.
O. gracilis has the apical flagellar segments less elongated and the
thorax subvittate; O. griseipennis has the median priescutal stripe
entire and the abdomen with a dark brown dorso-median stripe.

Pectinotipula new genus.

Antennae 13-segmented, in the male with the terminal ten seg-
ments each with two long pectinations that exceed in length the seg-
ments that bear them; flagellar segments verticillatc. Venation
with cell first M„ small as in Tipula; cell .U, long-petiolatc. Male
hypopygium as in Tipula, the ninth tergite. pleurite and stcrnitc being
entirely distinct; eighth sternite with a long, conspicuous median
appendage. Coloration as in species of the monilifcra group of the
genus Tipula, the body with a capillary brown dorso-median line, the
praescutum with the interspaces set with tiny brown sctigerous
inmctures.

10 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxviii.

Genotype. — Ozodiccra argcntina van der Wulp (Argentina).

Enderlein (Zool. Jahrb., Vol. 32, pt. i, p. 27; 1912) places argen-
tina in his restricted genus Osodicera under the mistaken belief
that the antennae are unipectinate. In reality, the antennae in the
male sex, at least, are long-bipectinate and of a structure that di-
verges widely from all species of the genus Ozodicera. Likewise in
its wing-venation which is almost identical with the normal type of
the genus Tipula and the simple male hypopygium this species de-
parts from the compact type of Ozodicera. The presence of ten
pectinate flagellar segments and the petiolate cell M^ are ample char-
acters upon which to remove this fly from Ozodicera to a position
nearer the genus Tiptda, to which it is obviously more nearly allied.
The genitalia and color of the body closely resemble those of species
of the monilifera group of the genus Tiptda and it seems probable
that the true affinities of this fly are not far distant from this group.

I am indebted to Senor Jorgensen for a specimen of this interest-
ing fly, taken at Esquina Grande, Catamarca, Argentina. April 7,
1915-

Genus Tipula Linnaeus.
Tipula bruchi new species.

Antennae bicolorous ; mesonotal praescutum with dark brown stripes ; legs
very long and slender, the tips of the femora and tibiae black ; wings with the
costal margin yellowish, the membrane clouded with gray and with four dark
brown blotches in the subcostal cell.

Male. — Length about 17-18 mm.; wing, 18-19. 2 mm.

Hind leg, femur, 14.2 mm.; tibia, 16 mm.; metatarsus, 21.6 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head slender, buffy, the sides darker; nasus
slender with long yellow hairs. Antennae short, the three basal segments dull
yellow, the remaining segments yellow with the basal enlargement black; ter-
minal segments more uniformly darkened ; verticils longer than the segments
that bear them. Head yellowish buff with a long dark brown medidn mark on
the vertex ; vertical tubercle rather conspicuous, brown medially, with an im-
pressed median furrow.

Pronotum pale yellowish brown with three dark brown marks. Mesonotal
praescutum light buff with three dark brown stripes, the median stripe divided
by a broad pale line which, in turn, is split by a capillary dark brown median
line ; humeral region dark ; scutum buffy gray, each lobe with two large dark
brown marks; scutellum light brown with a dark brown median line; post-
notum grayish, the posterior margin and median area more grayish, the latter
with a capillary dark brown line. Pleura light buff, indistinctly spotted with

March. 1920.] ALEXANDER: XeOTROPICAL CraNE-FlIES. 11

darker. Mesostcrnum indistinctly dark gray. Halteres rather long, the knobs
dark brown with the apices dull yellow. Legs with the coxa; and trochanters
brownish yellow; femora yellowish brown, the tips broadly black; tibiae dark
brown, the tips narrowly blackened ; tarsi very long, dark brown, the metatarsi
longer than the tibiae. Wings subhyaline, with four dark brown subcostal
blotches and a heavy grayish brown clouding in all the cells ; cells C and Sc
strongly yellowish ; the first dark brown subcostal mark is at h and also in-
cludes the bases of cells R and M and extends into the costal cell ; the re-
maining three marks do not reach the costal cell but send paler clouds caudad
into cell R ; the third mark, at the origin of Rs. is the largest, stigma rather
pale brown ; the grayish brown clouds include the apical half of cells R, and
/?s ; most of cells ^5 to Cm,, conspicuous zigzag areas in cells Af . Cm and ist A ;
cell 2d A more uniformly darkened. Venation : Veins R-^ and R^ strongly di-
vergent, the base of cell Z?. being very narrow ; cell ist M^ much longer than
broad ; m-c\i distinct.

Abdomen with the first tergite buffy with a dark brown median mark ; sec-
ond tergite dark with only the basal half pale laterally ; remaining tergites
darker brown, indistinctly ringed' caudally with paler; the lateral margins are
marked with a brown streak ; sternites similar to the tergites.; ninth segment
pale. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite extensive, pale, with a deep
and narrow V-shaped median notch, the broad lateral lobes irregularly notched
and toothed, the most lateral tooth largest. Ninth pleurite complete, the
pleural appendages being long and slender; outer appendage cylindrical, clothed
with long, coarse yellow hairs ; inner appendage with the posterior margin
beautifully fringed with long flattened hairs. Ninth sternite with the caudal
inner angle with a pale, roughly oval lobe which is covered with a pale ap-
pressed pubescence and whose ventral angle bears a pencil of long reddish
hairs that are decussate with those of the opposite side across the genital
chamber. Eighth sternite bearing a broad, flattened, heart-shaped median lobe
that is provided with long, coarse, yellow hairs.

Habitat. — Argentina.

Holotype, J*, Province of Buenos Aires ( C. Bruch).

Paratopotypes, 2 ^^.

Tipiila brncJii is named in honor of Senor Charles Bruch. to
uhom I am indebted for many favors. The species agrees fairly
well with the description of T. nubifcra van dcr Wulp, but the pat-
tern of the thorax and wings is very different in the two species.

Tipula wittei new species.

Antcnnal flagcllum indistinctly bicolorous ; mesonotum dark gray with five
brown stripes, the three intermediate stripes capillary, the lateral stripes
broader; wings grayish, the stigma pale yellowish brown; abdominal tergites
brownish yellow with three dark brown stripes.

Female. — Length, about 26 mm.; wing, 19.2 mm.

12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

Frontal prolongation of the head pale brownish yellow, more pruinose
above; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment gray pruinose; sec-
ond segment yellow; flagellar segments with the basal enlargement dark brown,
the remainder of each segment a trifle paler to produce a very indistinct bi-
colorous effect ; flagellar verticils long. Head brownish gray with a very in-
distinct brown line on the vertical tubercle.

Pronotum brownish with an indistinct capillary dark brown median line.
Mesonotal praescutum dark gray with five brown stripes, the three intermediate
very narrow, being formed by the lateral margins and capillary median vitta
of the usual broad median stripe; lateral stripes broad; humeral region yellow;
prsescutal interspaces with a few dark setigerous punctures ; scutum dark
gray ; scutellum dark testaceous brown ; postnotum light gray with a capillary
black median line. Pleura light yellow, gray pruinose ; dorsopleural mem-
branes dull yellow. Halteres long, dark brown, the base of the stem paler.
Legs with the coxae pale reddish, sparsely gray pruinose ; trochanters dull yel-
low; femora reddish brown, the tips indistinctly darker; tibiae yellowish brown,
the tips narrowly dark brown ; metatarsi yellowish brown, the tips darkened ;
remainder of the tarsi dark brown ; metatarsi shorter than the tibiae ; claws
small, simple. Wings grayish, the apical cells grayish brown, the costal and
subcostal cells more yellowish; stigma pale yellowish brown; an obliterative
streak before and beyond the stigma, the latter in the bases of cells R., and R3.
Venation: Cell R^ rather broad at the base; basal deflection of ^4 + 5 short;
cell 1st M2 small, almost regularly pentagonal ; petiole of cell M^ short, about
as long as cell ist M„ ; ni-cu punctiform.

Abdominal tergites brownish yellow with three broad dark brown stripes,
the lateral margins of the segments rather broadly pale, the caudal margins
indistinctly ringed with yellowish, most evident on segments six and seven ;
sternites pale yellow, the terminal segments indistinctly pruinose. Ovipositor
with the long dorsal shield and the valves light chestnut brown, the straight,
slender tergal valves greatly exceeding the sternal valves, along the ventral
margin with scattered erect setae.

Habitat. — Argentina (Patagonia) .

Holotype, $, Valle Tunel, Santa Cruz (Dr. Witte).

Tipula philippiana new species.

Antennns indistinctly bicolorous ; mesonotal praescutum dark brown with
three broad bluish gray stripes that are narrowly and incompletely margined
with pale gray and dark brown ; pleura with a broad brown dorsal stripe ;
wings white, sparsely streaked with brown, the costal and subcostal cells more
yellowish ; abdomen dull yellow, trivittate with dark brown.

Female. — Length, about 23 mm. ; wing, 19.5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head reddish testaceous; palpi dark brown.
Antennae with the basal flagellar segments indistinctly bicolorous, the basal
swelling brown, the terminal flagellar segments more unicolorous bro\yn ; ver-

March, 19^0.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CrAN E-I'lieS. 13

ticils conspicuous. Head light gray, more brownish adjoining the inner margin
of the eyes.

Mesonotal praescutum dark brown, the praescutum stripes clear bluish gray,
margined with dull whitish gray ; the median stripe is split by a capillary dark
brown line that broadens out behind, just before the suture enlarging into a
blotch ; immediately laterad of this and occupying the praescutal interspaces a
similar short brownish line extending from the suture cephalad ; interspaces
sparsely dotted with brown setigerous punctures ; lateral margins of the median
stripe at about midlength of the sclerite narrowly and indistinctly margined
with brown ; lateral margins and the humeral region of the dark brown ground
color ; scutum dull gray, the lobes with a linear dark brown stripe ; median
lobe of the scutellum and the postnotum gray pruinose, the latter with an
indistinct brown median line. Pleura brown, grayish pruinose; a dark brown
longitudinal stripe on the dorsal pleurites ; a dark brown velvety spot imme-
diately dorsad of the base of the halteres on the sides of the postnotum and a
small white area immediately before the halteres ; dorso-pleural membranes
dull yellowish. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem and the base of the
knob paler. Legs with the coxae pale, grayish pruinose ; trochanters and femora
dull brownish yellow, the latter with an indistinct brownish ring immediately
before their apices; tibiae yellowish brown, the tips darker; tarsi brown; meta-
tarsi considerably shorter than the tibiae. Wings white, sparsely streaked and
lined with brown ; cells C and Sc strongly yellowish ; stigma brown ; small dark
brown marks at h, at the origin of Rs, midway between the two latter, and at
the tip of Sc ; larger but slightly paler clouds at the fork of Rs, connecting
with the stigmal spot, a large blotch in the end of cell R^ and the middle of cell
i?j; a large blotch at the base of cells R and M and along vein Cu in cells M
and Cu for almost the whole length of this vein ; grayish clouds in the ends of
the anal cells ; the ends of veins A/,, A/,, A/3, Cui and 1st A are seamed with
brown. Venation : Base of cell /?. broad ; cell ist M. subpentagonal ; tn-cu
obliterated by the fusion of Cu, on -Uj,,; cells R. and .U, are somewhat broader
than in T. wittei.

Abdomen with the first tergite gray pruinose ; remaining tergites dull yel-
low with three dififuse dark brown stripes that almost obliterate the ground
color except at the base of the sclerites ; sternites dull yellow, sparsely
pruinose. Ovipositor almost as in T. wittei but the dorsal basal shield less
elongate.

Habitat. — Argentina ( Patagonia ) .

Holot\-pe, $, Valle Tunel. Santa Cruz (Dr. WitteV

14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE, N. Y.,

JUNE 9-14, 1918, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW SPECIES.

By Howard Notman,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

CICINDELID^.
Cicindela scxguttata Fabr. (i)

CARABID^.

Omophron amcricanum Dej. (16)
Omophron tcsscllatum Say. (3)
Elaphriis ruscarius Say. (4)
Nebria pallipcs Say. (2)
Dyschiriiis sphccricollis Say. (5)
Dyschirius aureolus n. sp.
Schizo genius lineolatus Say. (6)
Bembidium incequale Say. (6)
Bembidium chalceum Dej. (3)
Bembidium nigrum Say. (12)
Bembidium planiusculum Mann. (7)

These specimens are indistinguishable from specimens collected
in the Bitter Root Mountains of Montana and agree .with the de-
scription of the species.

Bevibidium planum Hald. (7)
Bembidium picipcs Kby. (16)
Bembidium postremum Say. (2)
Bembidium oberthiiri Hayw. (19)
Bembidium patruele Dej. (18)
Bembidium posticum Hald. (5)
Bembidium versicolor Lee. (4)
Bembidium quadrimaculatum Linn. (2)
Tachys scifuhis Lee. (5)
Tachys corruscus Lee. (i)

March, 1920.] NOTMAN : COLKOPTKRA COLLECTED AT SCIIOHARIE. 15

Tacliys Iccz'us Say. (2)
Tacliys flavicauda Say. (i)
TacJiys tripunctatus Say. (2)
Tacliys vivax Lee. (3)
Tachys incurvus Say. (18)
Patrobus longicornis Say. (i)
Pterostichus luciihlandus Say. (9)
Ptcrostichus Uictiiosiis Dej. (i)
Pterostichus corvinus Dej. (i)
Pterostichus mutus Say. (2)
Amara angustata Say. (2)
Amara impuncticollis Say. (i)
Amara ohcsa Say. (4)
Dicalus dilatatus Say. (i)
Diccelus elongatus Bon. (i)
Dicalns teter Bon. (2)
Badisfer nofatus Hald. (i)
Calathus grcgarius Say. (3)
Platynus cincticollis Say. (4)
Platynus extcnsicollis Say. (5)
Platynus aiiclioiicnoides Rand. (2)
Platynus cupripcnnis Say. (i)
Lehia viridis Say. (i)
Brachynus janthinipcnnis Dej. (i)
Brachynns minutus Harr. (i)
Brachynus cyanipcnnis Say. (2)
Brachynus gracilis Blatch. (i)
Brachynus ballisfarius Lee. (i)
Brachynus fumans Fabr. (i)
Brachynus cordicoUis Dej. (5)
Chlcrnius scriccus Forst. (6)
Chlccnius tricolor Dej. (2)
Brachylohus lithophilus Say. (i)
Agouodcrus comma Fal)r. (7)
Harpalus pcnusylvanicus DeG. (5)
Harpalus hcrbivagus Say. (i)
Bradyccllus rupcstris Say. ( i )
Anisodactylus rusticus Say. (l)

16 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxviii.

Anisodactylus discoicicits Dej. (2)
Anisodactyhis iutcrstitialis Say. (i)

DYTISCID^.

Laccophilus maculosus Germ, (i)
Ccclamhus dissimilis G. & H. (i)
Agabiis scmivittatus Lee. (i)

gyrinid;e.

Dineiites discolor Auhe. (12)

HYDROPHILID^.

Helophorns Uncatns Say. (31)
Helophorns inquinatus Mann. (3)
Laccobius agilis Rand. (2)
Cymbiodyta lacnstris Lee. (i)
Cercyon occllainm Say. (i)
Cercyon unipiinctmn Linn, (i)

SILPHID^.
Hydnobins laticeps n. sp.

SCYDM^NID^.
Eucojinns fatmis hec. (i)

PSELAPHID^.
Tyrus humcralis Aube. (i)

STAPHYLINID^.

Tachynsa cavicollis Lee. (9)
Atheta pahistris Kies. (11)
Atheta dcntata Bern, (i)
Myllccna vulpina Bern. ( i )
Staphylinus badipes Lee. (i)
PhUonthns fusiformis Mels. (i)
Philonthiis viridanus Horn. (2)

March, I920.] NoTMAX : CoLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 17

Actobius sobrinus Er. (i)
Actobius fulvicornis n. sp.
Actobius pccderoidcs Lee. (6)
Actobius terminalis Lee. (i)
Baptolinus amcricanus Csy. (i)
Stcnus bipunctatus Er. (4)
Stcnus renustus Csy. (i)-
Stcniis morio Grav. (2)
Stenus flavicornis Er. (4)
Cryptobiiim bicolor Grav. (4)
Scopcciis quadriceps n. sp.
Mcdon corticinus Grav. (i)
Medon ochraccus Grav. (i)
Pccdcrus littorarius Grav. (4)
Conosoma crassum Grav. (i)
Blcdius stabilis Csy. (i)
Blcdius cmarginatus Say. (4)
Bledius honestus Csy. (i)
Trogopldccus morio Er. (2)
Gcodromicus nigritus Miill. (4)

TRICH0PTERYGID.3E.

Pteryx duvalii Matth. (i)
Trichoptcryx sericans Heer. (2)
Trichopteryx discolor Hald. (i)
Trichoptcryx haldcmani Lee. (2)

scaphidiid;e.

Scaphidium pic cum Mels.

PHALACRID.^.

Stilbus obtusus Lee. (i)
Stilbus atomarius Linn. (5)

COCCINELLID.^.

Coccinella Q-notat a Yirhst. (i) ,

Coccinella trifasciata Linn, (i)

18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

Psyllobora 20-maculata Say. (5)
Brachyacantha ursina Fabr. (i)
Brachyacantha lo-ptistulata Mels. (i)
Scymnus fraternus Lee. ( i )
Scymnus puncticollis Lee. (i)
Scymnus tenehrosus Muls. (i)

COLYDIID^.
Cerylon castaneum Say. (i)

CUCUJID^.
Lamophlccus adustus Lee. (i)

CRYPTOPHAGID^.
Tomarus pulchellus Lee. (5)
Agathengis lincola n. sp.
Atomaria ovalis Csy. (i)
Atomaria pusilla Sehon. (i)
Atomaria ohlongiila Csy. (4)

Atomaria ochracea Zimm. var. pennsylvanica Csy. (2)
Atomaria ephippiata Zimm. (3)

DERMESTID^.
Anthrenus scrophidarice Linn. ( i )
Anthrenns museorum Linn, (i)
Anthrenus castanew Mels. (i)

HISTERID^.
Histcr merdarius Hoffm. (i)

NITIDULID^.

Brachypterus urticce Fabr. (26)
Heterostomtis mordelloides n. sp.
Omosita colon Linn. (3)

LATHRIDIID^.
Lathridius liratus Lee. (2)
Cartodere argiis Rttr. (i)

March, 1920.] NoTMAN : CoLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 19

Corticaria elongata Gyll. (i)
Melanophthaltna picta Lee. (i)
Melanophthalma distingiienda Com. (5)
MelanopJithalma pumila Lee. (3)

BYRRHID^.
Limnichus punctatiis Lee. (i)

GEORYSSID^.
Georyssus pusillus Lee. (3)

PARNID^.

Psephenus lecontei Lee. (10)
Dryops lithophilns Germ, (i)
Elmis latiusculiis Lee. ( i )
Stenelmis linearis Zimm. (9)
Stenelmis sinuatus Lee. (2)
Stenelmis crenatus Say. (5)
Stenelmis 4-maculatus Horn. (2)

HETEROCERID^.
Heterocerus tristis Mann, (i)

DASCYLLID.E.

Ectopria nervosa Mels. (46)
Cyphon ohscuriis Guer. (5)
Cyphon variabilis Thunb. (i)

ELATERID.E.

Hypnoidtis ahhreviatus Say. (i)
CEdostcthus femoralis Lee. (2)
Elater socer Lee. (i)
Elater areolatus Say. (i)
Glyphonyx rccticollis Say. (i)
CEstodes tenuicollis Rand. (3)
Mclanotus divarcarinus Blateh. (l)

20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

Limonius crger Lee. (i)
Lndius (Corymbites) exilis n. sp.
Ludins hieroglyphicus Say. (2)
Lndius inflatus Say. (2)
Oxygoniis ohesiis Say. (2)
Asaphes decoloratus Say. (i)

THROSCID^.
Throscus constrictor Say. (i)

BUPRESTID^.

Dicerca lurida Fabr. (2)
Anthaxia viridicornis Say. (i)
Anthaxia qnercata Fabr. (i)
Agrilus otiosiis Say. (i)
Agrilus masadimis Horn, (i)
Agrilus arcuatus Say. (i)
Agrilus politus Say. (i)
Agrilus obscnro-giittatus Gory, (i)
Agrilus lacustris Lee. (4)
Agrilus cgenus Gory. (2)
Brachys cerosa Mels. (14)

LAMPYRID^.

Calopferon rcticulatum Fabr. (i)
Lucidota punctata Lee. (6)
Photinus consanguineus Lee. (4)
Photinus pyralis Lee. (i)
Photinus marginellus Lee. (i)
Photuris pennsylvanica DeG. (10)
Podabrus rugidosiis Lee. (i)
Podabrus basillaris Say. (2)
Podabrus brunnicollis Fabr. (2)
Telephorus dentiger Lee. (2)
Telephorus fraxini Say. (i)
Telephorus vilis Lee. (2)
Telephorus carolinus Fabr. (2)

March, 1920.] XoTMAX : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 2]

Tdephorus nigritultis Lee. (2)
Telephorus flavipcs Lee. (2)
Telephoriis rotitndicollis Say. (3)
Telephorus tubcrculatus Lee. (i)
Malthodes spado Lee. (2)
Mai til odes frag His Lee. (i)

MALACHIID^.

Pseudebccus oblittts Lee. (4)
Pseudebcciis piisillus Say. (2)
Attains pallifrons Mots, (i)

CLERIDJE.

Clerus thoracicus Oliv. (2)
Hydnoccra verticalis Say. (l)
Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl. (13)

PTINID^.
Hadrobregmus carinatus Say. (2j

CIOID.E.
C/.y punctatus Mellie. ( i )

LUCANID.5:.
Dorciis parallclus Say. ( i )

SCARAB-tlD^.

Aphodius ruricola Mels. ( l)
Aphodius granarius Linn. ( r )
Hoplia modesta Hald. (i)
Dichelonycha diluta Fall, (i)
Xyloryctes satyrus Fabr. ( i )
Crcmastochilus canaliculatus Kby. (2)
Trichius piger Fabr. (2)
Trichius affinis Gory. ( I )

22 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

CERAMBYCID^.
Callimoxys sanguinicollis Oliv. ( i )
Cyrtophorus verrucosus Oliv. (2)
Euderces picipes Fabr. (8)
Ency clops ccrruleus Say. (2)
Pachyta monticola Rand, (i)
Gaurotes cyanipennis Say. (13)
Leptura lincola Say. (8)
Leptura exigua Newm. (4)
Leptura pubera Say. (4)
Lephira vibex Newm. (i)
Lepttira mutabilis Newm. (5)
Saperda lateralis Fabr. (i)
Oberea basalts Lee. (i)

CHRYSOMELID^.
Lema trilincata Oliv. (i)
Anomoea laticlavia Forst. (i)
Coscinoptera dominicana Fabr. (i)
Babia quadriguttata Oliv. (i)
Xanthoma lo-notata Say. (i)
Xanthoma villosula Mels. (i)
Rhahdopterus picipes Oliv. (3)
Nodonota puncticollis Say. (16)
Labidomera clivicolUs Kby. (2)
Calligrapha philadelphica Linn. (2)
Calligrapha bigsbyana Kby. (7)
Gastroidea polygoni Linn, (i)
Phyllodecta vitellince Linn. (2)
Cerotoma trifurcata Forst. (4)
Luperodes thoracicus Mels. (7)
Luperodes meraca Say. (i)
Diabrotica vittata Fabr. (2)
Galerucella cavicollis Lee. (4)
Galerucella decora Say. (i)
Disonycha xanthomela-na Da\m. (i)
Haltica ignita 111. (8)
Crepidodera rufipes Linn. (12)

March, 1920.] NoTMAX : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SciIOllAKlK. 23

Crepidodera hclxines Linn. (7)
Epitrix cucumcris Harr. (6)
Orthaltica copalina Fabr. (13)
Systena hudsonias Forst. (8)
Systcna tcrniata Say. (i)
Longitarsus pygnicrus Horn, (i)
Phyllotrcta amoracicc Koch, (i)
Chcrtocucma coitfinis Cr. (i)
Dibolia bor calls Chev. (3)
Chalcpus dorsalis Thunb. (i)
Chalcpus rubra Web. (i)

CISTELID^.

Isomira quadristriata Coup, (i)
Mycetocharcs binotata Say. (i)

LAGRIID^.

Arthromacra ccnca Say. (3)

MELANDRYID^.

Canifa pallipcs Mels. (i)

CEPHALOID^.
Cephaloon lepturides Newm. (2)

MORDELLID^.
Anaspis nigra Hald. (6)
Anas pis rufa Say. (16)
Mordella marginata IMels. (3)
Mordellistena biplagiata Helm, (i)
Mordellistcna aspcrsa Alels. (4)

ANTHICID^.

Corphyra lugubris Say. (8)
Macratria confusa Lee. (12)
Notoxus anchora Hentz. (i)
Anthicus obsctirus Laf. (4)

24 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii.

MELOID^.
Macrobasis unicolor Kby. (2)
Pomphopcca sayi Lee. (3)

CURCULIONID^.

Polydrusus americaniis Gyll. (i)
Sitona hispidula Fabr. (i)
Apion griseum Smith. (45)
Apion atripes Smith, (i)
Apion turbulentum Smith, (i)
Apion porcatum Boh. (i)
Phytonomus meles Fabr. (6)
Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr. (i)
Lixus crassulns n. sp.
Tanysphyrus lemnce Fabr. (i)
Otidocephalus chevrolatii Horn. (2)
Orchestes ephippiatus Say. (i)
Tychius picirostris Fabr. (13)
Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. (2)
Psomus politus Cay. ( i )
Coeliodes flavicauda Boh. (6)
Ceutorhynchus punctiger Sahl. (3)
Ceutorhynchus puheridiis Lee. (i)
Pelenomus aspertdus Dietz. (i)
Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Boh. (i)
Limnobaris rectirostris Lee. (i)
Sphenophorus sea: Walsh, (i) . .

Dryophthoriis americaniis Bedel. (5)
Stenoscelis brevis Boh. (i)

Records in Othef Orders.

HYMENOPTERA.
MUTILLIDiE.
Spha-rophthalma simillima Smith, (i)

. ICHNEUMONIDyE.
Exochus semirufus Cress, (i)
Thalessa atrata Fabr. (i)

March, igio.l XoTMAN : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 25

DIPTERA.

mycetophilid;e.

Mycctobia divcrgcns Walk. (l)

STRATIOMYID.^.

Sargiis viridis Say. (i)
Macrosargus clavis Will, (i)
Stratiomyia discalis L\v. ( i )

SYRPHID.E.
Pyrophana granditarsiis Forst. ( i )

LEPIDOPTERA.
AGAPETID.E.
Cissia etirytits Fabr. (i)

HESPERIID.^.
Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr. (i) (identified by F. E. Watson, A.
M. N. H.)

Epargyrcus tityrus Fabr. (2)

HEMIPTERA.

PEXTATOMID.E.
Nczara hilaris Say. (l)

ARADID^.
Anciiriis inconstans Uhl (i)

TINGIDID^.
Corythtica arcuata Say. (i)

MIRID.E.
Plagiognathus politus Uhl. (i)

CICADID.E.
Okanagana canadensis Prov. (i) (identified by W. T. Davis)

26 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o^- xxviii.

MEMBRACID^.

Cyrtolohus vau Say. ( i )
Puhlilia concava Say. (2)

ORTHOPTERA.

BLATTID^.

Ischnoptera pennsylvanica DeG.
Ischnoptera uhleriana Sauss. (i)

ACRIDID^.

Paratettix cucnllatns Burm. (7)

Tettix- granulatus Kby. (i)

Tettix granulatus Kby., v. variegatus Hanc. ( i )

ODONATA.
AGRIONID^.

Argia putrida Hagen. (26)

This species was very abundant in a dry, sunny hillside road,
several hundred feet above Schoharie Creek.
Amphiagrion saucium Burm. (3)

^SCHNID^.

Gomphus quadricolor Walsh.
Ophiogoniphus caroliis Needh. (2)
These specimens were captured in a dry hillside road.
Dromogomphus spinosiis Selys. (i)

MECOPTERA.
PANORPID^.
Panorpa rufescens Ramb. (3)

Descriptions of New Species.
Dyschirius aureolus new species.

Form elongate, convex, subcylindrical. Color black with gold-bronze
lustre; antennae, mouth parts and legs dark rufo-piceous ; basal joint of the
antennae paler. Head, omitting the mandibles, as broad as long, as wide as
the thorax at apex ; eyes large, very convex, front with a distinct transverse

March. 1920.] XOTM.W : CoLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 27

impression between the eyes ; clypeus emarginate, feebly bidentate ; occiput
smooth, impunctate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, widest a little behind
the middle ; sides in front nearly straight and slightly convergent, posteriorly
rather strongly convergent and slightly arcuate. Elytra at base very slightly
wider than the thorax, widest at the middle, twice as long as wide, two and
one half times as long as the thorax ; sides evenly and feebly arcuate from base
to the semicircularly rounded apex; base not margined; stria strong, entire,
rather finely and distantly punctured on basal half, indistinct and evanescent
posteriorly; the third stria bipunctate, anterior puncture a little before the
middle, posterior at apical one third. Length, 4-4.25 mm.; width, 1-1.25
mm. 2 (^.

In LeConte's table of the genus, this species would be placed with
spliccricoUis, from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, slightly
elongate thorax with the sides in front nearly parallel. D. edcntnlus
Putz. also placed with sphocricoUis, is a large species, "mm. in length,
with impunctate third elytral interval and the striae obliterated
posteriorly.

Hydnobius laticeps new species.

Form oblong oval, strongly convex. Color uniform rufo-testaceous. Head
broad, finely and sparsely punctate, labrum bilobed. Thorax twice as wide as
long, scarcely narrower at apex than at base, widest at middle, sides evenly
but not strongly arcuate ; distinctly and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra oval,
rather oblong; sides gradually narrowed and arcuate from base to apex;
sutural stria obsolete at base, gradually more strongly impressed to the apex
where it approaches the margin ; surface with rows of rather coarse and closely
placed punctures, very feebly impressed ; intervals with more or less irregu-
larly placed punctures of equal size. Body beneath not distinctly punctured.
Length, 2 mm.; width, 1 mm. i ^.

Male. — Anterior and middle tarsi not distinctly dilated, posterior femora
with a rather broad tooth, obliquely truncate at apex; posterior tibiae, straight,
rather strongly dilated at apex.

Female. — Unknown.

This species may be distinguished from substriatiis and latidcns
by its large head and thorax not distinctly narrowed in front and
by the shorter tooth of the posterior femora and the more strongly
dilated tibiae.

Actobius fulvicomis new species.

Form slender, elongate, parallel, subdepressed. Color black, elytra piceous
brown, indefinitely darker on the suture and basal third ; antcnnx. mouth pans

28 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^ o^- xxviii.

and legs reddish yellow. Head omitting the mandibles as long as broad, as
wide as. the thorax, punctures rather coarse, sparse and somewhat indistinct;
antennae as long as the head and thorax, joints five to ten strongly transverse,
eight and nine twice as wide as long, the others not so wide. Thorax one
fourth longer than wide; sides parallel; posterior angles strongly rounded,
anterior angles obtuse and very narrowly rounded ; punctate like the head, a
distinct row either side of the middle, elsewhere sparse and irregularly placed.
Elytra one fourth wider than the thorax, slightly wider at apex than at base,
nearly one third longer than wide, surface shining, more coarsely, closely and
distinctly punctate than the head and thorax. Abdomen gradually wider to the
fifth segment where it is as wide as the elytra ; sides scarcely arcuate ; rather
sparsely and very finely punctate ; pubescence long even and rather coarse ;
beneath more distinctly punctured. Length, 4 mm. ; .75 mm. 1 5-

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — Terminal abdominal segment broadly rounded ; anterior tarsi not
distinctly dilated.

A. semipmictattis F. & G. is the only species listed from North
America or Europe which the above at all resembles. The antennae
in that species are described as short, '' barely reaching the middle
of the thorax" and the outer joints "quite transverse." The an-
tennae and legs are differently colored. A. scmipiinctatus is not
included in the Junk Catalogus.

Scopseus quadriceps new species.

Form rather slender, parallel, somewhat depressed. Head and elytra rufo-
piceous, the latter paler at apex, abdomen darker, blackish ; thorax, antennae,
palpi and legs dull rufo-testaceous. Head one fifth longer than wide ; neck
one fifth the width of the head ; the latter behind the eyes, square ; base straight,
posterior angles moderately rounded ; eyes distant from the base two and one
half times their diameters; antennae very nearly as long as the head and thorax,
outer joints subquadrate ; gular sutures moderately separated, straight and
parallel ; head finely, densely and evenly punctate. Thorax very slightly nar-
rower than the head, one fourth longer than wide ; anterior angles at apical
third, sides thence straight and very slightly convergent to the round posterior
angles ; a little less densely punctate than the head with a narrow median
smooth line. Elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, equal to or narrower than
the head ; the head, thorax and elytra subequal, if anything the head being the
widest. Elytra one fourth longer than wide, less than one fourth longer than
the thorax, a little more coarsely and less densely punctate than the head.
Abdomen very slightly wider to the apical margin of the fourth segment where
it is slightly wider than the head. First joint of the posterior tarsi longer than
the second but shorter than the second and third together, two, thre'e and four
equal, as, long as wide. Length, 2.3 mm.; width, .35 mm. i J.

Male. — Unknown.

March, 1920.] XOT.MAN : CoLF.OPTERA CoLLFXTF.D AT ScHOHARIE. 29

Female. — Anterior tarsi scarcely dilated, sixth ventral segment broadly
triangular at apex.

This species seems closely related to S. niaciloitiis Csy. CRcv. N.
Am. Psederini, 1905, p. 208). It is distiiii^uished by the elytra not
wider than the head, more elongate thorax with the anterior an.t,dcs
farther removed from the apex.

Agathengis lineola new species.

Form very elongate, moderately convex. Head and thorax black, beneath
dark piceous ; elytra brownish yellow, two nubilous dark spots on each elytron
on basal half near the suture, the posterior spot larger and elongate ; antennae
and legs rufo-tcstaceous. Head rather sparsely and not coarsely punctate;
front between the antennne sharply but obtusely angulate ; antenn.x more widely
separated from each other at base than from the eyes; first joint equal in
length to the next three; fifth joint elongate, nearly twice as long as wide; club
joints not distinctly transverse. Thorax one fourth wider than long, strongly
impressed from side to side at the basal margin, not foveate laterally; sides
feebly arcuate and convergent from basal fourth to the apex, a little more
strongly convergent to the basal angles which are obtuse but distinct; coarsely,
evenly and somewhat closely punctate. Elytra twice as long as wide, not more
than one sixth wider than the thorax ; sides evenly arcuate from base to apex,
a little more strongly on apical third ; humeri minutely denticulate ; scutellum
more than twice as wide as long; punctuation not quite so coarse and distinct
as that of the thorax on the basal half, evanescent at the apex. Pubescence
rather short, fine and appressed. First ventral segment at middle equal in
length to the following two. Length, i. 3-1.4 mm.; width, .35-45 mm. (2.)

This species is distinguished from those hitherto described by its
more elongate form and proportionately narrower elytra.

Heterostomus mordelloides new species.

Form oval, very convex, slightly compressed and narrowed posteriorly.
Color black, scarcely shining; antennae, mouth parts and legs dark rufous.
posterTor femora and tibiae darker, nearly black. Surface rather coarsely, very
densely and uniformly punctured; scutellum with the posterior half of its side
margins, smooth, shining and impunctate. Head slightly less than one half .is
wide as the thorax, antennx subcapitate, club elongate ; joints one and two
subequal, globular, three elongate, nearly as long as the next two, ten twice
as wide as long. Thorax three fifths wider than long, male; three fourth.";,
ft male; apex a little more than one half the width of the base, strongly emar-
ginate and bisinuate, sides parallel in basal half, strongly arcuate in apical half:
anterior angles acute, posterior sharply rectangular, strongly produced ; base
trisinuatc. median sinuation less marked, disk evenly and strongly convex,
slightly impressed either side at the basal margin. Intcrcoxal process of the

30 Journal New York Entomological Society. IVoi. xxviii.

presternum narrow, not dilated nor elevated at tip, coarsely and densely pubes-
cent posteriorly. Elytra conjointly a little transverse, apex truncate, apices
separately broadly rounded ; humeri slightly prominent ; elytra not margined,
epipleurse indistinct; scutellum arcuate-triangular, apex distinct. Abdomen
with two dorsal segments exposed second and third ventral segments very
short, combined not as long as the first, fourth or fifth, the latter the longest.
Middle and posterior legs compressed ; tibiae strongly dilated at apex with a
dense fringe of equal spinules. Tarsi dilated and spongiose beneath ; second
and third joints emarginate ; claws appendiculate. Length, 2.6-2.75 mm.;
width, 1. 25-1. 45 mm. i (5*, i $.

(1^ — Keene Valley, Essex Co., N. Y., 28 June, igi8.)
Male. — Additional abdominal segment visible from above.

This species seems closely allied to the European H. pulicarius
Linn. In the latter the punctuation of the head and propygidium
are said to be evidently (" merklich ") finer. (Gangl. Kaf. Mitt.-Eu.,
Vol. Ill (II), p. 455-) In mordclloides the punctuation of the head
is not at all finer and that of the propygidium only very slightly finer.

The genus Heterostomus has not been reported hitherto from
North America. In Dr. Horn's table of the Brachypterini, it would
be placed as follows :

Claws distinctly toothed at base.

Prosternum elevated at tip; elytral epipleurse distinct Brachypterus

Prosternum not elevated at tip ; elytral epipleurae indistinct. . . Heterostomus

Claws simple or nearly so.

(^Cerciis, Amartus, Anthonccus.)

Ludius (Corymbites) exilis new species.

Form very elongate, elytra subdepressed. Head, thorax and underside
plumbeous black, elytra ochreous yellow; base and underside of the first anten-
nal joint, mandibles, labrum and prosternal lobe rufous, anterior angles of the
thorax narrowly and obscurely rufescent ; posterior angles and narrow basal
margin and the legs rufo-testaceous. Head concave and unmargined at middle
in front ; punctures above coarse, close and umbilicate ; antennae strongly ser-
rate, the second joint very short, scarcely longer than wide, third joint trian-
gular, similar to the fourth, terminal joint constricted near the apex. Thorax
as wide as the head at apex, about three fourths longer than wide, sides
parallel, rounded anteriorly near the angles, posterior angles produced, strongly
divaricate and distinctly carinate ; strongly sulcate on the median line, sulcus
not attaining the anterior margin, indistinct impression on the lateral declivi-
ties ; punctures coarse, dense and umbilicate on the sides, finer and sparser
on the disk. Elytra very slightly wider than the thorax, sides parallel to the
middle, thence very gradually and evenly attenuate to the apex ; striae fine,
not distinctly punctate, intervals slightly convex, rugulose and finely and

March, 1920.] NOTMAX : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SciIOIIARIE. 31

sparsely punctate. Pubescence short, sparse and pale. ScutcUum elongate,
obtuse at apex, closely and finely punctate. First joint of the posterior tarsi
a little longer than the second. Length, 13.5 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. (i.)

This species is closely allied to L. fulvipes Bland. In addition
to the differences in color, it may be distinguished by the more elon-
gate and parallel-sided thorax with the anterior angles rounded and
narrowly depressed and the more strongly divaricate posterior angles
and by the elytra distinctly wider.

In the latest classification of the Elaterid.-e by Schwarz in Genera
Insectorum, Ludiiis Esch. is used in place of Corymhitcs, Limonius,
etc., a change justified by the fact that Corymhitcs Latr. was defined
to include only the species with semi-pectinate antcnncC in the male,
and that Ludius Esch., an older genus, is defined to include species
with unmargined front, simple claws, unlobed tarsi and narrow coxal
plates.

Lixus crassulus new species.

Form elongate, cylindrical, moderately slender. Color black, shining,
antennas and tarsi picescent. Pubescence short, scale-like, yellowish, more dense
on the sides. Head and beak finely and rather densely punctate, a deep rounded
fovea between the eyes and a short stria between the antennae; beak cylin-
drical, as long as the head and thorax, strongly arcuate; antennae inserted at
apical two fifths, scape not as long as the remaining joints ; first two joints of
the funical, elongate, subequal, second as long as the following two. Thorax
one third wider than long; sides rather strongly arcuate and convergent from
base to a little more than apical one fourth where they are rather strongly
constricted; apex one half the width of the base; disk impressed, impression
wider and deeper at the base; finely and densely punctured; sides of the im-
pression coarsely rugose-punctate at base, a few coarse punctures on the apical
half. Elytra slightly wider than the thorax and three and one half times as
long; sides parallel to apical third and thence obliquely rounded to the con-
jointly rounded apex ; a rather deep scutellar impression ; surface very finely
and indistinctly punctulate with rows of coarse, well separated punctures,
becoming smaller apically. Length, 13.5 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. i $.

This species is distinguished from L. concavus Say by its slightly
broader form, wider thorax with sides more strongly rounded and
constricted and the much less numerous coarse punctures on the
apical half of the disk.

32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

THE INSECTS OF THE EVENING PRIMROSES IN
NEW JERSEY.

By Edgar L. Dickerson and Harry B. Weiss,
New Brunswick, N.J.

The observations recorded in this paper were made in various
parts of New Jersey on the evening primroses which are commonly
and as v»^ill be shown later incorrectly known as CEnothera biennis
L., and probably such additional species as oakesiana and cleistantha.
Most of the work was done during the season of 1919 and it might
be added that it was carried on incidental to regular duties of an
inspection nature.

OEnothera, according to Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia of Horti-
culture is said to be Greek for wine-scenting in allusion to an
ancient use of the roots. The Oenotheras are mostly dry soil plants
and are chiefly North American. In a letter Dr. George H. Shull
writes as follows: "The true CEnothera biennis L. has not been
found in America but is very widely distributed in Europe. It is
generally understood of course that all of the Oenotheras are of
American origin but that this particular species has no known native
American habitat, which probably means, merely that the American
Oenotheras are still only very imperfectly known. The number of
species occurring in America and formerly included under the name
biennis in the manuals is very large. I have not the least doubt that
when the CEnothera species of the eastern United States are fully
known taxonomically, there will be hundreds of them."

In this paper, therefore, the term evening primrose should be
taken to mean in the main, those species commonly known and
grouped together under the name biennis. These species are mostly
biennial and make only a rosette of leaves during the first year.
According to Stone (Plants of Southern New Jersey, N. J. St. Mus.
Rept., 1910) dry, open ground is preferred. They are common in
the northern, middle and coast districts south to Cape May, being
largely weeds in waste places and cultivated ground. In this char-
acter they are occasionally found' in the pine barrens. Flowers occur
from late June into October and fruits from late July through
autumn.

March, i9^o.] DiCKERSON & VVeISS : EVEXING PklMKOSE INSECTS. 33

Before taking up the accounts of the insects associated with the
evening primroses, it will not be out of place to call attention to a
paper by Alice Adelaide Knox on " The Relation of Injury to Fascia-
tion in the Evening Primroses," which appeared in The Plant World
(Vol. 10, No. 7, July, 1907). Parts of this paper are quoted below.

"Examination of species of CEnothera by cutting or splitting
the axes, reveals within many of them comparatively large numbers
of the larvae of a small moth named Moniplia, which suljsist on the
pith toward the end of summer, and winter in the hollow stem.
Some of the larvK develop in the ovary and emerge in the winged
state from the ripened capsule. Still others hatch in the leafy tip
of the flowering stalk or in the rosette, and in the latter bind together
the leaves to make a protective covering and feed in its heart during
the cold months. In each case the eggs are laid in the growing
region, so that the initial meristem is subject to injury from the ovi-
positor. In the last instance large mutilations may be caused by the
devastations of the feeding, and such ravages account for the fre-
quent abortion of the main axis among the fasciatcd plants. On tlie
other hand many plants remain unaffected, for the new leaves fur-
nish sufficient food, the larva does not penetrate the center of the
axis, and never reaches the meristem. In still a third case the
meristem may be barely touched or irritated, and the injury may be
a one in its effects similar to those caused by the ovipositor. Where
the wound is inflicted by the mouth parts of the larva it is ordinarily
more easily detected than when made by the ovipositor of the imago,
for it frequently interferes with procambial development in such a
way that the bundle ring is symmetrical, or there is a conspicuous
callus formation, or other signs are evident, by which its course may
be traced and its origin ascertained. When the tissues are pierced
by the ovipositor the injury is so small that it is impossible to find it
after any considerable amount of growth has occurred. A compara-
tively deep incision measures 1.25 mm. in longitudinal section; it
disappears almost immediately upon the consequent enlargement of
the surrounding cells, and it is useless to look for traces of it at
advanced stages of development. Fasciated tips so young that their
flattened character can only be determined microscopically show-
wounds in the meristem at the apices, but as the banding of the stem
becomes conspicuous, aJl traces of the disturbance are gradually

34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviii.

lost. The time of the attack makes a great difference in the devel-
opment. If the injury is to a growing region of a biennial plant
still in the rosette stage, the plant fasciates during the rosette period,
and the growing region becomes linear before the time of the elonga-
tion. The stems are then flat from the base. If the plant is adult
at the time of the invasion the injuries are in the upper part of the
stems which have already completed their first growth. These fas-
ciated stems are round below and flat above. In a given field of
plants it will also be noticed that most of the fasciated individuals
begin to flatten from the same relative point on the axis. This seems
to indicate that the banding is stimulated in all of them at the time
of the advent of the new swarm, or its less penetrating mode of
attack may account for the absence of any degree of fasciation
whatever.

'■ The importance of conditions of culture correlates well with the
above observations and the character of the environment is signifi-
cant in the production of the fasciation in two ways : namely, in
providing a favorable habitat for the insect, and in promoting vigor
in the individual plant, such that it will recover from, and not suc-
cumb to, the mutilations. Degrees of moisture, isolation, and light
all influence the activities of the insect as well as the development of
the plant itself. Healthy plants may be more attractive to the
insects; damp or rainy weather may drive the insects into the flow-
ering heads, or under the young leaves; isolated plants in full sun-
light may be better exposed for the hatching of the eggs. An ento-
mological study of the habits of these animals would be of interest
in this connection, and would throw light on the exact relation of the
insect's life-history to the life-history of the plant. There always
remains the further necessity that the plant shall be ' susceptible,'
but we are assured by de Vries that the degree of susceptibility of the
normal and flourishing primrose is superior to that of the ailing
plant, and that the physiological responses of the two are not alike."

Without attempting to explain the relation of insect injury to
fasciation in these plants, we wish to state that the " Mompha" re-
ferred to by Miss Knox consists of several distinct species, which
confine their attacks almost exclusively to certain parts of the plant ;
also that these insects belong to the Lepidoptera, the members of
which do not possess a true ovipositor and that the eggs of these

March, i9-'o.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EvENIXG PRI.MROSE INSECTS. 35

species are laid as the case may be, on the stem, leaves, and develop-
ing tips and buds and not inserted in the tissue. In view of this
we do not see how the initial meristem could be injured by the ovi-
positor. It would be possible, however, for the larva of the species
breeding in the tip to injure this tissue by feeding. During the past
summer, hundreds of infested plants were examined in various
parts of New Jersey and the amount of visible fasciation found was
very small. It therefore appears to us as if the primrose insects do
not play such an important part in fasciation as Miss Knox's paper
would indicate.

The following species of insects were found associated with the
primroses during the second year of their growth, or in other words,
with the adult plants. As a rule little w^as found on the rosettes.
The tip moth, Phalonia CEnotherana, winters over in the rosette, as
will be shown later and it is quite probable that some of the leaf
feeders utilize this stage of the plant for food purposes. The ro-
settes also should afford hibernation quarters for miscellaneous spe-
cies. Primrose roots were examined and with one exception the
results were negative. This exception consisted of aphids which
were found on roots at Hightstown, N. J., by Mr. West. Unfor-
tunately no specimens were saved and the identity of the species is
unknown to us.

Lepidoptera.
Rhodophora florida Gn.

This prettily colored moth is one of the species intimately asso-
ciated with the evening primrose, the larva feeding on the unopened
buds and to a much lesser extent, the seed capsules and the adults
visiting the flowers by night and resting within the partially closed
blossoms during the day. It has been considered an apparently rare
insect by collectors until the characteristic habits of the larva or
adult were known when it became an obviously common species
within the limits of its distribution.

The Flowery Primrose ^Moth was the popular name used by Dr.
Asa Fitch (12th Rept. Nox. Ben. Ins. St. N. Y., pp. 900-906) as the
title of a paper in which he gives a very complete account of the
life-history and habits of the insect. The species was descrilied by
Guenee in 1857 (Hist. Xat. Ins. Lep.. Vol. VI, p. 71) from a single
female taken in New York bv Mr. Edward Doubledav while collect-

36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

ing in that state in 1837. Since its original description it has been
noted in various lists and papers, notably by Fitch (loc. cit.), by
Saunders (Can. Ent., Vol. 2, p. 6, 1869) '(Can. Ent., Vol. 3, p. 76,
1871), who studied it in Ontario, Canada, and by Smith (Brook. Bui.,
IV, p. 28, 1881).

The insect is apparently confined to the eastern part of North
America ranging from Canada south through the Atlantic States.
Saunders records it from Ontario in July. Winn records it from
Montreal and other places in Quebec, July, August (Prel. List Ins.
Quebec Lep.) ; Dyar's. List gives Atlantic States and Smith (Ins.
N. J.) throughout New Jersey, July, August. In the latter state
where our own observations have been made, we have collected it in
a number of localities from mid July until mid August. We have,
also collected it in Connecticut and Mr. W. T. Davis records it from
Staten Island in July and August.

The larva destroys or injures many blossoms by its characteristic
feeding habit of "boring a round hole in the bud" of sufficient size
to admit its head which it sinks downward farther and farther, eating
through the folded mass of petals, nearly or quite cutting them
asunder and severing also the stamens and pistil." Thus when the
flower comes to burst forth from its bud at the close of the day, it
is but half its normal size and presents a most rueful aspect with
the outer end of its petals gnawed and ragged, and all the beauty of
their natural appearance destroyed." (Fitch, I. c). Foliage may
also be eaten to a slight extent.

The following descriptions of the different stages and life history
notes have been taken from the papers already referred to and from
our own observations in the field.

Egg.— "Length one fortieth of an inch; width one forty-fifth.
Form nearly round, flattened a little at the base, where it is also
somewhat contracted in size, and slightly conical above, with numer-
ous raised strias, about 36 in all, which run into each other before
they reach the tip, where they are reduced to less than half the
number, and terminate at the base of a small ring which crowns
the tip: this ring has a depression in the center, and the space around
the cavity is finely punctured. The striae are irregularly crossed
by numerous fine, raised lines, and thus the whole surface is mi-
nutely reticulated, but the meshes are irregular in form, with a

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 37

slight depression in the center of each. The color of the egg is
dull yellowish pink" (Saunders).

Young Larva. — " Length about one fifteenth of an inch, cylin-
drical. Head large and black, with a few black and brown hairs.
Body above of a dull shining yellow, with a wide dorsal band of
dull white. On each segment there are from eight to twelve shining
black dots, from each of which arises a single black or brown hair.
The upper portions of second and terminal segments have each a
large patch of black. Under surface similar to the upper, but with
fewer dots; feet black; prolegs pale greenish, faintly tipped with
brown" (Saunders).

Full-Grozvn Larva. — '' Cylindrical, tapering slightly at each end
and one inch in length, when crawling elongating itself to 1.15, and
0.18 thick. It is clothed with fine, shortish, scattered hairs which
are placed symmetrically. Its ground color is pale green, of a yel-
lowish or apple green tint when full grown, but usually pea green
when it is smaller. Along the middle of its back is a stripe of a
deeper grass green color, and a similar one upon each side of the
back. These three stripes extend from the neck to the middle of
the penultimate segment. Each of the lateral stripes has a dull
cherry red spot at its anterior end, placed on each side of the middle
of the neck or first ring, and in rare instances the anterior ends of
these lateral stripes are of this color for a short distance. Before it
is full grown the lateral stripes are sometilnes faint or wholly want-
ing; and low down on each side is an elevated fold of the .skin
which forms a faint stripe of a paler color than the ground. The
head is a third narrower than the neck and is held obliquely down-
ward and forward. It is slightly paler than the body and is clothed
with fine erect hairs.

"A variety of the larva occurs, of a dull pale brownish yellow
color, with the stripe olive or dull brownish green. In one instance
a young larva 0.60 long was observed wholly destitute of the red
spots upon the neck" (Fitch).

Adult. — Rhodophora florida. This was described by M. A. Guenee
(/. c). whose description follows: "32 mm. Ailcs super, ayant la
cote et les deux premiers tiers de leur surface d'un rose vif. et le
dernier tiers, ainsi que la frange. dun jaune-ochrace uni : Ic tout
sans taches ni lignes. Ailes infer, blanches teintees d'ochrace. Des-

38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxviii.

sous des quatre ailes ochrace, avec la cote rose, sans autre dessin.
Corps ochrace en dessus et rose en dessous.

" Etat de New Yorck. Coll. Dbday. Une female."

The eggs are laid singly, usually on the outside of the bud mid-
way between the base and the tip, but the location may vary and they
may occur on the inner side or elsewhere on the bud, on the outer
side of blossoms at base, on upper surface of leaf (none noted on
lower surface), on the stem or even on the seed capsules and as
many as four have been noted on a single bud. Material collected
at Nutley, N. J., on July 23 was examined and the following num-
bers of eggs and young larvae were found on various " heads " or
short shoots, — 4 e., i 1. ; i 1. ; 5 e., 2 1. ; 4 e., i 1. ; 2 e. ; 2 e., i 1. ; 6 e.,
I 1. ; 2 e., 3 1. ; i e., 3 1. ; 2 e. ; 3 e. ; 8 e. These were found for the
most part on the buds.

As the adults emerge irregularly during the summer, apparently
fresh specimens being found from early July to mid August, eggs
will be found during about this same period and in early or mid
August, eggs and various stages of larvae may be found on one plant
at the same time. In about three days time the young larvae emerge
from the eggs and begin feeding on the buds. The habit of the larva
of making a hole into the inside of the bud has already been referred
to. If all of the bud were eaten not many would be needed to bring
the larva to maturity, but its tendencies are wasteful and many buds
and some seed capsules may be injured before its development has
been completed. Resting as it feeds with the exposed portion of its
body resting longitudinally on the bud and being somewhat protec-
tively colored, it may be easily overlooked.

About a month is required for the larva to mature and so they
may be found on the plants from middle July to late September.
When full grown they enter the ground at the base of the plant to
remain until the following season. While they feed singly they
show little tendency to wander and Dr. Fitch notes that the larvae
will enter the soil of even a hard trodden walk of a garden rather
than seek softer soil at a greater distance.

The adults are inactive during the day and are found resting
on the flowers within the partially closed petals. From this position
one is easily captured and it was in this way that a considerable
series of specimens was obtained in various parts of New Jersey.

March. 19^0.1 DiCKERSOX & W'eISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECIS. 39

This moth, like many other species, is attracted to light. The first
specimen seen by Dr. Fitch in 1858 was brought to him from Adam.
Mass.. where it was taken at light and four years later he captured
a second specimen at light in his own home in New York state.

We have not bred any specimens and find no record of parasitic
enemies in the literature relating to this species. Triphlcps insid-
iosits, a common predaceous hemipteron, however, was observed
feeding on the egg of this species. The lancets of the beak were
inserted in the side of the tgg, the tip of the beak scarcely pene-
trating the covering and in this position it rested for thirty minutes.
The egg gradually collapsed on one side and then the base cracked
open, the contents having been practically exhausted.

Desmia funeralis Hubn.

This species, known as the grape leaf-folder, has long been recog-
nized as a pest of the vine. It is widely distributed in the United
States and probably occurs in nearly every locality where wild or
cultivated grapes grow. At first its occurrence on primrose at
Princeton Junction, N. J., appeared somewhat unusual, but when it
was later found on the same plant at Monmouth Junction and in
fairly large numbers at Washington's Crossing. N. J., we concluded
that the primrose could be included in its short list of recorded food
plants.

In view of the fact that the grape leaf-folder has been known to
entomologists in this country since 1855 and has been treated in
various publications, it is not necessary to go into details here con-
cerning its life-history and habits. Therefore the following account
except where its occurrence is mentioned in connection with evening
primrose, has been drawn from what appears to be the latest publi-
cation on this insect by J. F. Strauss.^

It was first noted by us in New Jersey at Princeton Junction on
July 2, when small and almost full grown larvje were taken from the
foliage of evening primrose. The young larv'oe were found feeding
on leaves which had not been folded, while the older ones were
always within a folded or rather rolled leaf. The leaves were rolled
either from the tip back or lengthwise up or down and the larvae
fed within the cylinder either on the upper or lower epidermis, de-

iThe Grape Leaf-Folder. Bui. 419. U. S D \. Rur. Ent.

40 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

pending on the way the leaf was rolled. Sometimes the entire tissue
was eaten. Strauss makes no mention of the leaf-rolling habit in
connection with its injury to grape foliage in the east, but according
to Quayle,2 in California the leaf is distinctly rolled and not folded
over on the upper surface and fastened down by strands of silk as
it is in the east. In addition Quayle states that the free edge is
consumed. On primrose in New Jersey both the free edge and the
inner surface of the rolled leaf were eaten.

During the first week of July our specimens became full grown
and each pupated in a cocoon formed by the cutting of the leaf in
two places from the midrib to the edge and the folding of this flap
over to the opposite edge of the leaf. About twelve days were re-
quired for the pupal stage, the first moths issuing on July i8. Ac-
cording to Strauss, the full-grown first brood larvse leave their
shelters on grape and drop to the ground where they transform
among the fallen leaves, trash, etc., and in exceptional cases a larva
may web several leaves together and pupate within or it may pupate
within the folded leaf where it has fed. The pupae of the second
brood are also found among dead leaves and hibernation takes
place in this stage.

Unfortunately the second brood pupae on primrose were not ob-
served, and it is not known whether a cocoon is made or not. A
second brood undoubtedly occurs in New Jersey because adults
were found during the middle of July and larvse during August.
From the foregoing it is apparent that the habits of the larvse vary
considerably within certain limits. In addition to wild and culti-
vated grapes, other recorded food plants are Virginia creeper and
redbud. The following brief descriptions are adapted from Strauss.

Egg. — Length 0.7 mm., elliptical, membranous chorion presenting
under high magnification, delicate, hexagonal markings.

Full Grown Larva. — Length about i inch; widest in middle and
tapering toward either end; glossy, transluc'ent yellow green on
sides and somewhat darker above, with scattered, fine, yellow hairs
on each segment; the head and prothoracic shield are light brown
and there are. light brown spots on the sides of the first two thoracic
segments.

2 Quayle, H. J., Bui. 192, Cal. Agric. Exp. Sta.

March, 19-0.1 DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 41

Adult. — Dcsmia juncralis.
Pyralis funcralts Hubn., Pyral. f., 103, 1796.
Anania funeralis Hubn., Verz. Schm., 360, 3449-
Botys bicolor ? Swain., Zool. Illustr., II, pi. tt, 1821-2.
Desiiiia maculatis Westw., Mag. Z06I. Class, IX, pi. 2, 1832.
Desmia funeralis (Hubn.) Gucn., Delt. et Pyral., No. 124, p. 190, 1854.

Expanded tlie wings of the moth measure about nine tenths of
an inch. They are very dark brown with an opalescent or silvery
reflection and border with white. In both sexes the forewings have
two nearly oval, white spots. The hind wings of the male bear one
spot, which may be divided in the female. The body is black crossed
by two white bands in the female and by one band in the male.

Strauss reared seven species of hymenopterous and tliree species
of dipterous parasites from the larvae and pupae of Dcsmia funeralis
and an account of these together with a bibliography of 26 titles
can be found in his publication.

Celerio lineata Fabr.

This well-known species is known to feed on purslane, buckwheat,
turnip, watermelon, chickweed, dock, apple, currant, grape, goose-
berry and evening primrose according to Beutenmuller (Amer. Mus.
Nat. His. Guide Leaflet No. 10, 1903) and is recorded by Smith (Ins.
N. J., N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909) as being common throughout New
Jersey, July to November.

During the summer of 1919 it was abundant at Princeton on
evening primrose being grown for experimental purposes, but ap-
peared to be rare on this plant in other parts of the state. During
the 1918 season, it was found on primrose at Nutley, N. J. Accord-
ing to Mary C. Dickerson (Moths and Butterflies, 1901) the cater-
pillars are three inches long and vary greatly in coloring and mark-
ings. There appears to be two, kinds, one being yellowish green
with a series of connected spots along each side of the back, each
spot being colored crimson, yellow and black, the other being black
with a yellow line down the middle of the back and yellow spots of
various sizes along the sides. These two styles may vary in many
ways. Pupation takes place in the soil, this stage hibernating.

The moth is a beautiful one, known as the White Lined Sphinx.
Two broods occur, the first appearing during June and July and the
second during the latter part of .\ugust and early in .September.

42 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^'o'- x.wiii.

Apantesis arge Dru.

Forbes (23d Rept. St. Ent. 111., 1905, p. 75) states that this is
especially a southern species reported many years ago as destructive
to Indian corn in the southern states. In addition to corn it is
known to feed upon plantain, smartweed, dock, cactus, lamb's quar-
ters and evening primrose. According to Forbes the species is
double brooded, passing the winter in the latitude of Illinois as a
partly grown larva and changing to a pupa in March and April of
the following year. After a pupal period of 15 days the moths
emerge and lay eggs until late in May. These hatch in 15 days,
producing a second brood of caterpillars in the middle of June and
the pupae from these are formed early in July. Late in July and
early in August the moths appear after a 20-day pupal period and
deposit eggs which in September produce the hibernating brood of
caterpillars.

Smith (Insects of New Jersey, N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909) records
it from Sussex to Cape May counties, reporting that Mr. Grossbeck
found eggs at Paterson May 5, larvae from May 18 to June 20, feed-
ing on grass, plantain, Chenopodhim, Polygonum and other low
plants. Edwards (Bui. 35, U. S. Nat. Mus.) gives numerous refer-
ences to this species and lists O. bieuiiis as the food plant.

Euthisanotia unio Hubn.

This species, known as the Pearl Wood-nymph, is also recorde4
as a feeder on evening primrose and grape, although Saunders (In-
sects Injurious to Fruits, p. 261) states that the larva of this species
closely resembles that of Euthisanotia grata, long known as a grape
feeder, and that Dr. Fitch, who first announced grape as a food
plant of E. unio, may have mistaken the larva of gi-ata for unio.
Smith (Insects of New Jersey) states that E. tmio occurs through-
out the state, locally, more or less abundant, June and July, the
larvae being found on evening primrose and Epilohium. Beuten-
muller (Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., V, March, 1890) furnished these
food plants for Smith's List. Edwards (Bui. 35, U. S. Nat. Mus.)
gives numerous references to this species and mentions vitis as the
food plant.

March, 1920.] DicKERSOX & W'eISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 43

Phalonia oenotherana Riky.

This gayly colored member of the Tortricidce was described by
Riley in 1881 (Tr. St. Louis Acad. Sci., IV, 316) from four speci-
mens bred from CEnothcra in Missouri by Miss Murtfeldt. Smith
(Ins. N. J.) lists it from Essex County, VII, 25 (Kf.), and Clemen-
ton, IV, 30 (Haim.), together with the statement, "larva on evening
primrose." In addition to these localities we have found it at Wood-
bury. Highland Park, Hackensack, Riverton, Monmouth Junction,
West End and Asbury Park. The larva lives in the tender, devel-
oping, leafy tip of the stalk, pulling the small leaves together more
or less.

Egg. — Not observed.

Full Grozvn Larva. — Length 6.8 mm. Width 1.7 mm. Light
tawny yellow, not elongate, comparatively broad; surface finely
shagreened; divisions between segments and transverse lines on
dorsal surfaces of segments usually strongly impressed; each body
segment bearing several, comparatively long hairs, with dark or light
tuberculate bases; head similar in color to body except spot around
which ocelli are clustered and apical portion which are darker (in
some specimens entire head is dark brown) ; thoracic and anal plates
brownish or light; each leg bearing several minute hairs.

Pupa. — Length 5.5 mm. Width 1.6 mm. Elliptical, chestnut
brown.

Adult. — Phalonia a-notlicrana. Tlie following is the original de-
scription by Riley: " ]\Iale and female. Expanse 9-10 mm. Basal
half of primaries yellow, apical half rose-red. Head gxay. Thorax
yellow, the patagia tipped with gray: primaries with the basal hall
yellow, the costa and apical half rose-red, the yellow extending as
a broad median emargination into the red ; the red portion more or
less dotted or fasciate witli black shining scales, these scales not
encroaching upon a central patch which contains a yellow spot of
variable size; some abbreviated black and white costal streaks; pos-
terior margin and fringes yellow, becoming gray at the anal angle ;
secondaries and under surfaces fuscous; legs silvery, the tibi;c and
tarsi mostly black or fuscous. Abdomen silvery-fuscous, paler be-
neath ; ovipositor laterally compressed."

This species appears early in the season and evidently deposits
eggs on the developing terminal leaves or heads. The larva? cat out

44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

a central cavity and pull the small leaves together. When full grown,
about the last week in June, each constructs a rather dense, whitish
cocoon and anchors it to a partly folded over section of a leaf,
usually near the tip. Moths emerge during the last of June and first
part of July and full-grown larvae are again in evidence during the
last half of August.

About September 15 moths again appear and probably deposit
eggs on the tips of the rosettes as Mr. West discovered at Hacken-
sack, N. J., on November 5, very small, half-grown and several full-
grown larvae at the bases of the young leaves in the centers of large
rosettes. These leaves showed evidence of feeding and some of the
larvae had webbed up the tender foliage somewhat. Others were
encased in loosely spun cocoons in the fold of a leaf. It is thus evi-
dent that overwintering takes place in the partly to full grown larval
stages in the rosette.

On June 20 at Riverton, N. J., Crcmastus cpagoges Cush. (identi-
fied by R. A. Cushman) was bred from the larva and on July 10 at
the same locality Actia pilipcnnis Fall, (identified by J. M. Aldrich).
At Red Bank, N. J., August 8, Tachniphyto ccnca Coq. (det. J. M.
Aldrich) was bred from the larva.

Mompha eloisella Clem.

This is a common and widespread species which was described by
Clemens in i860 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 171, i860). Winn
(Lep. Quebec) lists it from Montreal VI (W.) and Rosemere VI
(W:) in the pith of evening primrose. Smith (Insects of New Jer-
sey) records it as occurring throughout New Jersey, the larva in the
stalks of evening primrose throughout the winter and states that
pupation takes place in late May, the adults issuing in June.

This is the most abundant of all the species of Mompha associated
with the evening primrose and occurs at practically every place in
New Jersey where its food plant grows. The larvae develop in the
stems and overwinter in the dried stalks.

Egg. — Length, 0.41 mm. Width 0.27 mm. Oval, translucent,
chorion with interrupted, somewhat irregular, longitudinal ridges.

Full Grozvii Larva. — Length 13 mm. Width 0.17 mm. Yellow-
ish white ; elongate ; segmentation distinct ; constriction between seg-
ments prominent; head light reddish brown, irregularly mottled;

March, 19-^0. J DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InsECTS. 45

each body segment bearing a few minute, fine hairs, the dorsal ones
being equidistant, more prominent and forming a transverse row;
hairs more niunerous on anal segment, head and legs; hooks of anal
prolegs forming an apparently continuous, straight or slightly curved
line.

Pupa. — Length 5.8 mm. ^^'idth 1.5 mm. Reddish-brown; seventh
abdominal segment tuberculate laterally; last abdominal segment
terminating in two ^orsally pointed tubercles, each of which bears a
posteriorly pointed, smaller tubercle below it ; each abdominal seg-
ment bears a couple of hairs on the side.

Adult. — Mompha eloiscUa. In Dyar's Catalogue, the following
synonyms are noted: magnatclla Zeller, ccnotherccclla Chambers, and
lyoncticlla Chambers. Clemens's description of this species follows:
" Head, face and thorax silvery white, the latter spotted with black-
ish. Labial palpi white with a dark brown spot on the middle of
second joint and tw^o dark brown rings on the third one at the base
and one at tip. Antennae tawny yellow, white at base. Forewings
silvery white with a small tuft of tawny scales at the basal joint of
the third fold and a larger patch of the same hue on the inner
margin at the end of and above the fold. Between the tufts in an
oblique dark brown costal streak nearly joined at an angle by another
of the same hue in the middle of the w-ing and exterior to the first
tuft is a blackish brown streak wdiich becomes diffuse behind the
above while the apical portion of the costa midway between these
latter is a rather faint dark spot. Cilia yellowish gray. Hind wings
tawny grayish, cilia ochreous."

As has been stated, this species overwinters in the larval stage in
cells in the stalks of evening primrose. Most of these cells are
found in the main stem, but the side shoots which arise near the
ground are often infested. The lateral shoots near the top or middle
of the stem are evidently too small to afford suitable quarters. These
cells occur in all parts of the main stem except the extreme tip and
in most cases except the lower portion. The first twelve inches of
stem above the ground and in some cases more is very often taken
up with the channels, excrement, etc.. of Tylodcrma fovcolatum,
which l)red there during the summer and as a rule cloisclla cells are
scarce in this section.

The cells may be close together in a stem or far apart and the

46 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'"'- x.wiii.

number ranges from one or two to as many as thirty or more. Some-
times the entire pith of the stem is taken up by them and each cell
contains a larva. Only in rare cases have two been noted in a single
cell. Cells varied in length from 9 to 30 mm., in the same stem and
the width was 3.5 mm., this being the width of the pith. The width
of the cells depends on the diameter of the pith as they are never
found in the woody part. In one or two cases cells were found
which occupied only one half of the diameter of the pith. The cells
in side shoots are usually long because the diameters of such shoots
are small and those of the pith comparatively smaller. Each cell
consists of a cavity in the pith which is plugged at each end with
what appears to consist of dark excrement-like material, in layers,
closely packed together, each layer being intermixed with threads.
The cell is usually but not always lined inside with a thin layer of
silk.

The yellowish larvse in the stems varied considerably in size, some
being rather small, but most of them appeared to be full grown or
nearly so. Central stems, three and one half high, were found to
contain larvee as follows: 2, i, 6, 2, 2, 3. Stems from four to five
feet high housed the following: 4, 9, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 7, I, 7, 14, 20, 10, 8,
18, II, 8, 12, 16, 4, 9, 5, 8. In a few instances stems six feet long
contained as many as thirty or more.

During April and May the larva spins a rather loose and roomy
cocoon which fills a considerable portion of a small cell. After this
is completed the larva cuts a circular hole through the wall of the
upper part of the cell, usually close to the roof, almost to the out-
side, leaving only the thin epidermis which is found on the outside
of the stem. The large, loose, roomy cocoon connects with this cir-
cular hole. After this the larva spins a compact, white, elongate
cocoon in which it transforms, this cocoon also connecting at its
upper end with the circular opening through the cell wall. These
cocoons are usually placed more or less diagonally in the cells and
are anchored to the large, loose cocoon by threads. Sometimes,
however, the larger cocoon is absent.

Pupation takes place during the last of May and continues until
the middle of June and in the central part of the state, the first moths
emerged on June 4. In the northern part, however, pupation and
emergence take place later. In fact, pupation and emergence take

March, 19^0.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 47

place during all of June and the first half of July. However, the
moths which emerged on July 15 were in all probability stragglers
as the majority appeared during June. The first eggs were noted
on June 21,. Under laboratory conditions these were laid on the
upper leaf surfaces and hatched in about one week. In the field they
are probably deposited on the stems in addition to the leaves. After
hatching the larva; enter the stem tissue and feed, making longi-
tudinal cavities just under the bark and between the bark and pith.
At this time the larva is greenish and except for the head, which
is light brown, resembles the tissue in which it feeds. During the
last of July and first of August and before they are full grown, they
start to excavate the pith and construct a cell. By the time cool
weather arrives, all are in their completed, hibernation cells at which
time they are of a decidedly yellowish cblor.

The following parasites of eloisclla can be noted:
Scambus inqnisitoriellus (Dalla Torre). Reared from larvae feeding

externally on cloisella larvae. (Hymen. Conn., p. 321.)
Chcloniis laverncc Ash. Parasitic on Mompha eloisella (Smith, Ins.
N. J., p. 612). Also bred from cloisella larvc-e, Riverton, N. J.,
June 12 (det. R. A. Cushman).
Eiirytoma sp. Emerged March 22, New Brunswick, N. J., from cells

of eloisella. Numerous (det. R. A. Cushman).
Epiurus pterophori Ash. Emerged from cells of eloisclla collected
at Xew Brunswick and Morristown, N. J. Very abundant. Emerged
in laboratory from middle of ]\Iarch to middle of April.
Microbracon sp. from cloisella cells (det. Cushman).
Pimpla inquisitor Say. According to Weed in Insect Life (Vol. 3,
p. 275), the larva of this species is externally parasitic upon eloi-
sclla larvse.
At Lakehurst, X. J., on April 4, eloisella cells were collected
which contained numerous clusters of the mite Pcdiculoidcs rcntri-
cosits N. together with dried larval skins of cloisella. Later tlvie
mite made its appearance in our breeding cages and killed many of
the larv?c. (Mite det. by Dr. Nathan Banks.)

Mompha stellella Eusck.

This insect was described by Busck in 1906 (Canad. Ent., Vol. 38,
p. 123) from Pennsylvania and District of Columbia specimens and

48 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxviii.

the larvK recorded by him as feeding in the bases of the flowers of
evening primrose. Winn (Lep. Quebec) states that it occurs at
Montreal, Canada, September lo, the food of the larvae being the
seed capsules of evening primrose. It is not recorded by Smith in
his " Insects of New Jersey," and this seems strange in view of the
fact that we have found this species to be generally distributed over
New Jersey, the larvae living in the flower buds and causing them to
swell conspicuously.

Egg. — Length 0.42 mm. Width 0.26 mm. Oval, yellowish- white,
translucent, larva showing through transparent chorion which is
apparently smooth.

Ftill Grown Larva. — Length 10 mm. Width 1.7 mm. Elongate,
cylindrical, tapering slightly anteriorly and more so posteriorly.
Ground color light yellow. All body segments broadly, transversely
banded with pink, this band being not so apparent on anterior seg-
ments because of it being more diffused. Pink coloration varies
considerably and in some specimens is barely visible so that the larva
has a light creamy-yellow appearance. Head brown, somewhat mot-
tled and variable in intensity, dark around the margins. Ocelli lat-
eral, six in number, grouped around a dark center. Head and each
body segment bears a few minute hairs, some of which are arranged
in a more or less transverse row. Head bears several long hairs.
Cervical shield brown, covering much of middle portion of dorsal
surface of prothorax, front margin straight, posterior margin
rounded, divided longitudinally in center.

Pupa. — Length 5.5 mm. Width 1.6 mm. Elliptical, smooth,
chestnut-brown.

Adult. — Mompha stellella. Busck's description follows: "An-
tennae unicolored, dark brown. Labial palpi whitish ochreous,
sprinkled with black scales and with a black annulation just before
the tip of terminal joint. Face silvery white. Head and thorax
light ochreous, mottled with brown and black scales, costal edge
evenly mottled with black and entire aprcal part of .wing sprinkled
with sparse black scales, two oblique, ill-defined and indistinct shades
of light brown stretch across the wing, one from the base, the other
from the middle of costa. There are six tufts of raised ochreous
scales in two longitudinal rows, one through the middle of the wing,
the other below the fold. The central of the latter tufts which is

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 4I>

found just before the tornus is the largest of them and is terminated
by and followed by intense black scales, the most conspicuous mark-
ing on the rather evenly mottled wing. Abdomen ochreous. Legs
ochreous, mottled with black. Alar expanse 11-12 mm. ... It is
nearest and quite similar to the other (Enothcra feeder, Mompha
hrevivitella Clemens, but lacks the longitudinal black streaks on the
fore-wings and is at once recognized by the black tornal patch."

This species appears when the green flower buds have just started
to develop and deposits eggs on them and on the tips of the small
leaves surrounding the buds. The larvae feed on the outside for a
short time and then enter the buds. Larv3e were found in buds rang-
ing in size or rather length from 3 to 9 mm. The first feeding inside
the bud is near the tip. but the larva soon works downward and
feeds on the style and stigma, the stamens and the inner folded parts
of the petals. As a result, the bud swells. As development con-
tinues, the upper portion of the swollen, closed bud becomes filled
with excrement. Sometimes the inner part of the green calyx is
eaten out. As a rule, a bud contains only one larva.

When full grown, the larva cuts a small round hole about i mm.
in diameter in one side of the bud and crawls out, finally dropping
to the ground where it constructs an elongate, white cocoon, either
on top of or slightly beneath the surface. Particles qf soil, etc., are
fastened and adhere to the outer surface so that the cocoon is effec-
tively hidden.

i^ull-grown larvx can be found in Xew Jersey during the last
half of July and most of August, but during the last of August they
become scarce, having left many of the buds by this time. During
the last half of August and first part of September, the pupae are
plentiful and the adults issue from the middle of August to the
middle of September, a few stragglers even emerging as late as the
first few days of October. Part of the brood may overwinter in the
cocoons.

On August 27, adults of Bassiis gibbosus (Say) and Microbracon
vicllitor (Say) (det. R. A. Cushman) were bred from larvae collected
at Riverton, N. J., both being larval parasites of stellclla. On sev-
eral occasions adults of .1/. mcllitor were observed ovipositing in the
buds of primrose.

50 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxviii.

Mompha circumscriptella Zell.

This species was described by Zeller from Texas specimens in
1873 (Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., xxiii, 312, 1873). Chambers (Can.
Ent., X, 239, 1878) writes of Texas specimens having been received
from Miss Murtfeldt, who informed him that the larvae fed upon
the immature seeds of (Enothera and pupated within the capsules.
Smith (Ins. N. J.) records it from Anglesea, N. J., August 30, rare,
the larva in the seed capsules of evening primrose.

The species is really not so rare in New Jersey provided one
looks for it. We have found it occurring at New Brunswick, Bound
Brook and Egg Harbor. The larva lives in the seed capsules, con-
fining its feeding to the seeds in a few of the compartments and
destroying only from one fourth to one third of the seeds in a single
capsule.

Egg. — Not observed.

Full Grozvn Larva. — Length 5.7 mm. Width i mm. Subcylin-
drical ; whitish; head dark brown; on either side of front of head
is a light band, meeting on apex; ocelli lateral near ventral margin
of head, seven, arranged in a ring; each segment beginning laterad
of the ventral surface bears a row of fine hairs, equidistant but not
in a straight line ; on head, first body segment and legs are several
fine hairs; in partly grown larvae last body segment shows a dorsal,
dark anal plate which is lighter and hardly apparent in older larvse.

Pupa. — Length 3.8 mm. Width i.i mm. Shape similar to that
of other micro-pupae ; reddish-brown with middle portion of abdo-
men slightly lighter ; dorsal surface of anal segment bears two mi-
nute tubercles.

Adult. — Mompha circumscriptella. Chambers (Can. Ent., X, 239,
1878), in writing of this species, gives the following description and
remarks : " I have not seen Prof. Zeller's specimens, but I have
received from Miss Murtfeldt specimens which, with the aid of
Prof. Zeller's figure and description, I recognize without difficulty
as belonging to this species. The thorax, head and palpi are white,
except that the basal part of the second joint of the palpi is stained
with brownish. The fore wings are of a pale grayish ochreous, with
the dorsal margin from the base nearly to the middle snowy white,
the white crossing the fold at the base, and further back again
crossing the fold and reaching almost to the costal margin ; it is

March, 19^0.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVEXING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 51

margined behind by two small tufts of raised brown scales, as repre-
sented in Zeller's figures, and there is another one on the costa not
represented in the figure, which again has a minute brown spot in
the white at about the basal fourth, which I do not find in my speci-
mens. The figure also gives a very distinct white streak which
leaves the white of the dorsal margin at the fold and curves to the
costal margin before the cilioe; this streak is absent in one of my
specimens and much less distinct in the other than it is in the figure.
There is a black speck at the hinder angles (indistinct in my speci-
mens) and the apex is dusted indistinctly with brown. Al. ex. 5^
lines."

It is not known just how this species passes the winter nor how
early it appears in New Jersey. On August 4, primrose seed cap-
sules collected at Egg Harbor, N. J., which is in the southern part
of the state, were found to contain small and medium sized larvae.
These appeared to have entered the seed capsule at its distal end in
the depressed part, although from the character of the injury it
seemed as if some had entered the base of the capsule close to the
stem.

Some capsules contained two larvae, but one was the rule. In
most cases the larva had confined its attention to the immature seeds
in only one or two compartments, such compartments being filled
with partly eaten seeds and excrement. Upon reaching maturity,
which takes place usually during the last three weeks of August, the
larva spins a whitish, elongate cocoon within the capsule compart-
ment where it has been feeding, attaching the upper end to the inner
side of the outer wall. These cocoons are covered with reddish-
brown particles of excrement and are somewhat cigar-shaped.
Either after or before spinning the cocoon the larva cuts a circular
hole almost to the outside of the capsule. This opening leads to the
upper end of the cocoon which is fastened over it and is covered only
with a thin film of tissue, which breaks readily and allows the pupa
to protrude slightly so as to facilitate the emergence of the adult.

The exit holes are usually found in the upper half of the seed
capsules. From material collected in the southern part of the state
we secured adults from the seventh to the last of August. It is
likely that all of the moths emerge before cool weather because many
of the seed capsules split during Septeml)er and October and allow

52 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii.

the seeds to fall. Numerous seed capsules examined during the win-
ter were found to contain only the empty cocoons and pupal shells.
From this it appears that the adults hibernate. In the spring and
early summer, no trace of this species was found. Its habits prior
to the appearance of the seed capsules are therefore unknown to us.
It is quite probable that the first brood develops in the immature
flower buds.

A species of Microhracon, which Mr. Cushman states requires
further study, was bred from the dry seed capsule.

Other Species of Mompha Associated with Evening Primrose.

Mompha brevivittella Clem.

syn. ccnotherivorella Chambers,
syn. (rnotheraseininella Chambers.

Chambers described this species in 1864 in the genus Wilsonia
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 11. '428. 1864). Smith (Ins. N. J.) lists it
from Lucaston, October 18 (Dke.), and states that the larva lives
in the seed capsules of evening primrose, also that the species is
probably generally distributed. According to Dyar's Catalogue it
occurs in the Atlantic States.

In our work with primrose insects this species was bred from
seed capsules collected at Rutherford, Oradell, Tenafly and Spring-
field, N. J., the adults issuing during the last of August and first
part of September.

Mompha murtfeldtella Chambers.

syn. albocapitella Cham,
syn. grisscrella, Cham,
syn. obscurusella Cham,
syn. parvicristafella Cham.

This was described by Chambers in 1875 (Cinn. Quar. Jn. Sci.,
Vol. II, p. 237) from a specimen received from Professor Riley and
Miss Murtfeldt. In the Canadian Entomologist for 1879, Vol. XI,
p. 6, Chambers gives the following information about the habits of
this species: "Miss Murtfeldt favors me with the following notes
upon the larva of this species : Feeds upon the flowers of Oenotheras
both wild and cultivated and is especially destructive to O. viissouri-
ensis. Eggs laid singly on sticky surface of calyx and larvae as soon

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVEXIXG PrIMROSE IxSECTS. 53

as hatched make their way to the center of the bud and feed on petals
and stamens. Full grown larva is about one quarter of an inch in
length, cylindrical, tapering slightly posteriorly and anteriorly.
When young it is of a dull, brownish green color, gradually assuming
a reddish tint until at maturity the sides are of a deep dull pink
arranged in wavy shaded stripes, which are more intense on the sub-
dorsal spaces. Head oblique, round, pale glossy grayish brown
with the dark brown mandibles and the triangular face outlined
with the same color. Cervical collar entirely covering top of first
segment, of glossy dark grayish brown marked on dorsum with a
narrow but distinct longitudinal line of white. Anal plate brown
and horny. Legs and prolegs well developed. Pupates in dense,
tough yellowish cocoon on the surface of the ground. Moths issue
in about ten days. There are at least two distinct broods in a season,
the second of which hibernates in cocoons."

We did not find this species in New Jersey and Mr. August Busck
suggests that it may not occur this far north.

COLEOPTERA.

Tyloderma foveolata Say.

Of the insects associated with the evening primrose, the weevil
Tyloderma foveolata Say is one of the commonest and most widely
distributed. This species was described by Say in 1831 (Desc. N.
A. Cure, p. 19, Lee, ed. I, p. 284), since when its occurrence on the
evening primrose has been recorded at various times. Webster
briefly mentions (Ins. Life, Vol. 2, p. 11, 1890) the habits of the
insect especially in regard to oviposition while Girault (Ent. News,
Vol. XXII, p. 112, 191 1 ) gave a further and more detailed account
of the insect as he observed it in Illinois. The writers have had
it under observation in New Jersey for the past few years and the
account here given is a result of their observations as well as those
in the papers noted.

The species is widely distributed in the eastern part of the coun-
try. Blatchley and Leng (Rhyn. N. E. Amer., 19 16) state that it
" ranges from New England to Nebraska and south to Florida."
Smith (Ins. N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909) reports it as occurring
throughout New Jersey, May, June, and in our observations wc have
found it to be more or less common wherever the primrose grows.

It is said to breed in willow herb {Epilobium sp.) as well as the

54 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

evening primrose although we have no definite records nor have we
observed this plant to be infested with it. All of our observations
have been made on the evening primrose. The insect hibernates as
an adult, both sexes living through the wnnter, as, the beetles have
been noted in copulation during the spring and early summer.
Blatchley and Leng (loc. cit.) state that it hibernates beneath boards
and rubbish and Mr. Stafford obtained two specimens while sifting
material in the grass along the edge of a peach orchard at Vineland,
N. J., March i.

As soon as the weather becomes sufficiently warm in the spring
the insects leave their hibernation quarters and after feeding and
mating, the females oviposit. Most of the egg punctures occur on
the main stem of the plant, but a number of them may be found on
the branches. The number occurring on this latter place depends
on the size of the plant and the amount of oviposition. The seed
capsules also serve as a place for oviposition at times and even the
underside of the leaf petiole is utilized although it is questionable
whether any of the eggs located in the latter situation produce adults.

The egg scar consists of an oval area of which the surface tissue
at both ends has been pulled back in fine strips and pressed down
over the egg which is located in a cavity at the center of the scar.
These threads or strips are of a considerable number. They are not
drawn back parallel with the stem but some are drawn more or less
.laterally. Gradually they dry and as fine particles of dirt collect on
them, they become dark in color. The scars, especially those located
on the lower part of the stem, gradually change their appearance, as
the stem grows, becoming more or less rounded ; the surface in some
cases becomes split above and below and ridged on both sides of
the scar and the covering of matted threads becomes loose and
falls off.

These scars may vary from 5 to 8 mm. long and from 3 to 8 mm.
wide. Measurements of seventeen scars gave an average of 7 mm.
long by 5.7 mm. wide. The egg cavity has a diameter of approxi-
mately 1.5 mm. The insects has been observed ovipositing on more
than one occasion and Girault (loc. cit.) has also noted it. The fol-
lowing observation made at Trenton, N. J., June 18, will give an
idea of the modus operandi.

A female unaccompanied by a male was noted in the act of ovi-
position on the stem. Part of the egg cavity had been eaten out

March, 19^0.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EvEXIXG PRIMRUSE IxSECTS. 55

when the insect was first ohserved. Tlie insect was facing upward
with its feet well braced and continued the work of excavating the
cavity for about five minutes. Having completed this operation, it
reversed its position so that the tip of the abdomen fitted in the
cavity, spent about a minute in depositing the tgg and then again
reversed its position and assumed one similar to that which it main-
tained in making the cavity except that now the cavity was more
nearly under the center of its body. Having resumed its position,
the beetle reached forward as far as it conveniently could without
moving its legs and began tearing minute strips of tissue one after
another from the surface, pulling them back over the cavity and con-
tained egg and pressing them down. The first few strips were en-
tively removed and pushed into the cavity over and about the egg.
After continuing in this operation for about ten minutes with the
result that a number of the minute strips had beeit turned back over
the egg cavity and a half -oval space marked off above the egg punc-
ture, the beetle again faced about and assuming a like position began
tearing up strips from below the egg puncture and folding them
back over it. This it continued for thirty minutes with the result
that a number of strips had been folded back and the oval completed
below the puncture. Then assuming its previous position, it renewed
the operation of tearing up and folding back the strips above the
egg cavity and continued this for some 25 minutes and finally very
briefly pressed down and smoothed over the whole mass. The whole
operation thus occupied more than 75 minutes.

As oviposition occurs over a considerable period it results that
some plants become pretty well covered with egg scars. As a rule
the lowest placed eggs are the earliest laid, while the upper part of
the stem is more apt to be free from punctures, but there are excep-
tions. The following records will give an idea of the amount of
infestation. The stems were collected at Trenton, X. T.. Tunc 28.

Averages

Tot.^1 Stem
(in Inch(

Lee

:s).

igth

Length of Part
Punctures ( in

Bearing
Inches).

Number of
Punctures.

21

IS

44

26

19

70

29

25

82

29

18

25

23

20

44

30

22

44

fes.. . .26

19

51

56

Journal New York Entomological Society. t^oL xxviii.

Again on July 13, at Trenton, N. J., the following conditions
were noted:

Number of
ictures.

93

42

67

87
55

Total Stem Length
(in Inches).

Length of Part Bearing
Punctures (in Inches).

Nu
Pui

42

32

20

13

28

22

27

23

42

32

Averages.. . .32

24

Other plants were in

ifested

as follows :

Length of Plant
(in Inches).

Number of
Punctures.

27

84

42

55

42

93

' 44

183

48

152

Girault records one plant as having 267 punctures and another 115.

In the course of a few days the larva hatches from the ^%%, eats
its way in the woody portion toward the pith which it soon enters
and there develops. The larva migrates little if any but simply eats
out an irregularly oval place in the pith and gradually becomes more
or less surrounded with the dark excrernent and other material and
it is in this chamber that pupation takes place. By late July pup?e
may be found in some of the earlier infested stems. Pupation is of
short duration and in early August adults may be observed in some
infested plants. These are as usual white at first. They gradually
darken and soon the adult emerges through a circular exit hole cut
through the side of the stem near the pupal chamber. The descrip-
tions of the different stages follow.

Egg. — " Length .80 mm., width .65 mm. Short oval to oval ; sur-
face covered with a grayish deciduous substance not unlike a cover-
ing of thin sugar and which is opaque and without sculpture. When
this is rubbed ofif, the surface of the t.g% is polished yellow, with no
marked sculpture but slightly coriaceous or like the surface of some
leathers. Soft, pliable, easily crushed. Inconspicuous. General color
grayish yellow; when seen i^i natural position the upper side (and
also the lower) is slightly flattened. Deposited singly. When ex-

^farch, i9::o.] DiCKERSON & WeISS I EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 57

amined with transmitted light the egg is liquid yellow or amber
opaque centrally; this color persists until hatching. The pruinose
coating is easily removed by gently rolling the eggs between the
fingers. The micropyle is not conspicuous" (Girault).

Fiill-Grozvn Larva. — Length 7 to 8 mm. Width 2.2 mm. Typical
curculio-shaped, creamy white ; head small, brownish, mouth parts
darker ; body strongly convex above, somewhat flattened beneath ;
skin transversely wrinkled; apodous; hairs on head and body short,
sparse; thoracic ambulatory tubercles present.

Pupa. — Length 6.5 mm. Width 2.1 mm. Creamy white; head
and thorax bearing a few hairs with pronounced tuberculate bases;
dorsal surface of each abdominal segment bears a transverse row of
few hairs; tuberculate bases of hairs l)ecome larger toward anal
segment ; body terminated by two parallel spines.

Adult. — Tyloderma foz'colato. The following is the original de-
scription: "Body black, with dilated punctures; head with dense,
small punctures, a frontal indentation, and a yellow spot ; rostrum
robust, moderately arcuated, punctured like the head; antennae
jointed; first joint hardly reaching the eyes; thorax with three small"
yellowish spots and one before; elytra with regular series of large
quadrate punctures; several small yellowish spots and a large, irregu-
lar one behind; feet unarmed. Length less than one fiftli of an
inch."

The adults vary much in size and sculpture, the punctures of the
elytra sometimes being in regular rows and again very unevenly
distributed.

As has been indicated the development of the insect is very ir-
regular, oviposition beginning in May and continuing well through
July, while pupae were noted in some stems on September 11. The
irregularity of development is well shown by the records obtained
from some stems examined on June 29. which are as follows : At
Woodstown, N. J., 5 small larva?. 8 medium-sized larvse, 8 large
larvie, i parasitic cocoon were found. At Springfield, N. J., on
August 18 the following record was obtained: 4 small larvas, 2
medium-sized larvae, 17 large larvae, 10 pupas, 5 adults, 5 exit holes
from which adults had emerged, 4 parasitic larvae, 4 parasitic pupae.
It is also worth noting that no apparent injury is done to the prim-
roses by the beetles even when the infestation is severe. Infested
plants grow and flower more or less like uninfested ones.

58 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^>iviii

Another interesting point is that there are as a rule many more
egg punctures in a stem than will be adults developing from that
stem. For example on a stem examined July 29, of 85 egg punc-
tures, over half contained collapsed eggs or nothing. This is due
in part to parasitism, but there is also some other factor concerned.
Girault has described a species which he bred from the egg of Tylo-
dcrma foveolata, known as Anaphoidea sorditata Gir. (Jour. N. Y.
Ent. Soc, Vol. XVII, p. 169, 1909). We have obtained this species
from eggs collected at Woodstown and several localities in the
northern part of New Jersey during June and July.

In addition to the egg parasites there are also several species
attacking the larvae. Pierce (Bui. 73, Bui. 100, U. S. Bur. Ent., 1908,
1912) has recorded several parasites of this species. He states:
"It is highly parasitized by Neocatalaccus tylodermce, Urosigalphus
sp., Cerambycobius cyaniceps, Eurytoma tylodermatis, Microbracon
mellitor, and Sigalphus curctdionis. The four last species are also
parasites of the boll weevil. At Trenton, N. J., on September 7, we
bred A^. tyloderma from stems of primrose infested by Tyloderma
foveolata."

The parasites infest the larvae in the burrows. On several occa-
sions we have observed the parasitized larvae and parasitic cocoons
in the burrows as late as November. From these, adults have been
secured later. From this it appears that the parasites pass the winter
as pupae in the burrows and emerge the following spring.

Acanthoscelis acephalus Say.

This species has long been known as a frequenter of evening
primrose and as a feeder in the axils of the leaves. Hamilton credits
it to Polygonum, especially P. hydropiper, but it is extremely similar
to Acanthoscelis curtus which lives on Polygonum, there is here a
possibility of error. It ranges according to Blatchley and Leng
(Rhyn. N. E. Amer.) from Canada and New England to Michigan,
Colorado and Kansas south to Georgia. It is frequent throughout
Indiana, May 23 to August 2, on evening primrose. Smith (Ins.
N. J.) records it as common all along the shore of New Jersey from
May to September on the same plant. As a matter of fact it is quite
common all over the southern half of the state and occurs more or
less abundantly at such inland places as New Brunswick, Riverton,

March, 1920.] DiCKF.RSOX & W'kISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 59

Princeton, etc. Early in the season the adult appears to prefer feed-
ing in the axils of the leaves, hut later it will he found in addition
on the developing flower huds and floUcrs. The larval stage is
passed in the developing flower huds.

Egg. — From dissected female. Length 0.65 mm. Width 0.2 mm.
Yellowi.sli white or light with slight yellow tinge; glistening; elon-
gate, hroadly rounded at hoth ends, one end slightly narrower than
the other.

Full Grozi'ii Larva. — Lengtli 6 mm. Width 1.9 mm. Typical
curculio-shaped form; creamy white; head reddish-hrown, posterior
portion of top and sides darker, anterior portion of lahrum and man-
dibles brownish hlack ; dorsal surface strongly convex ; ventral sur-
face weakly, concave ; head and hody hearing several minute hairs ;
body surface minutely shagreened. Young larva more strongly
curved than older one and somewhat lighter in color.

Pupa. — Length 3 mm. Width 2.1 mm. Whitish or creamy white;
elytra and wings extend strongly ventrally and posteriorly, the wings
extending beyond elytra and approaching each other on the ventral
surface. The doubled up femur and tibia of the middle leg extends
laterally well over the wing pad and the posterior one extends be-
neath and beyond. A pair of well separated and prominent, com-
paratively long spine-like iiairs with tuberculate bases is borne be-
tween the eyes; anterior to this pair is another pair; anterior margin
of prothorax bears a median pair and another pair lateral to it ; me-
dian dorsal portion of prothorax bears a transverse row of four
hairs; a pair of median separated hairs arises toward posterior mar-
gin of prothorax and also a pair lateral to these and closer to the
posterior margin ; between these on the posterior margin is a single
hair. Each femoral-tibial joint bears a pair of hairs.

Adult. — AcantJioscelis accphalus. This was described by Say in
1824 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., IV, p. 309; Lee. ed. II, 173) whose
original description follows: "Blackish, spotted with cinereous; tho-
rax with an impressed line, an obtuse tubercle on each side.

" Inhabits the United States.

" Body covered with short robust hairs or scales, brownish-black,
spotted and varied with cinereous, imbricate ; head, when at rest, com-
pletely retracted within the thorax, somewhat retuse between the eyes;
thorax anterior margin abruptly contracted into a collar; posterior

60 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxviii.

edge minutely dentate; an impressed longitudinal line becoming
canaliculate towards the scutel ; an obsolete, obtuse tubercle each
side of the middle ; elytra striate ; striae with scales concealing the
punctures, interstitial lines with elevated and acute points partially
concealed by the scales ; tip rounded and piceous on the edge ; anp.1
segment black; feet rufous; thighs mutic.

" Var. a. A common double abbreviated line at the base of the
suture.

" Length more than one tenth of an inch.

" The variety occurs in Pennsylvania. A different species, which
I have named 4-spinosus inhabits this State, remarkable for its simi-
larity to the accphaliis, but it may be immediately distinguished by
the armature of two upright spines on the anterior edge of the tho-
rax. (Belongs Caiiodes. Lee.)"

In New Jersey the overwintering weevils appear during May and
frequent the axils of the leaves where they feed. An examination of
the small leaves at this time will show small notches where the tissue
was consumed. These notches become intensified as the injured
leaves develop. Later in the season when the flower buds are devel-
oping, eggs are evidently deposited. As a rule a bud contains only
one larva, rarely two. The larva feeds on the immature floral parts
until full grown, when it leaves the bud, drops to the soil which
it enters to a depth of about one half inch and pupates, this stage
requiring about ten or twelve days. Infested buds do not show any
outward indication of infestation except perhaps a very slight swell-
ing. Full-grown larvae appear to be most plentiful from the middle
of July on through to the last of August and during the last of
August and first week of September adults appear in numbers and
feed on the developing heads of the plants, later going into hiber-
nation.

Adults, however, can be found throughout the entire season, part
of these undoubtedly being the overwintering ones which persist for
a long time, others being those which have developed from the first
laid eggs and the remainder being later members and stragglers of
this brood. In many instances it was noted that partly or slightly
eaten buds opened and the larva would be found attached to the
expanded petal. The larva was found to be parasitized by a small
hyrnenopterous larva which we were unsuccessful in breeding to the
adult stage.

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EvEXIXG PrIMROSE IxSECTS. 61

Haltica marevagans Horn.

This blue flea beetle occurs throughout New Jersey but is most
abundant in the southern part. It feeds during both larval and
adult stages on the foliage of primroses, skeletonizing the leaves
from either the upper or lower surfaces.

Egg. — Length 1.2 mm. Width 0.4 mm. Subcylindrical, obtusely
rounded at both ends. Color buff when first laid, becoming darker
yellow and finally orange yellow just before hatching. Many eggs
streaked lengthwise with a thin line of dark excrement. Outer sur-
face of chorion sculptured with slight subcircular, contiguous de-
pressions with slightly tuberculate elevations between them.

Full Grown Larva. — Length 5.8 mm. Width 1.7 mm. Ground
color olive to dark olive, which with dark tubercles cause some larvae
to appear almost black. Subcylindrical, somewhat flattened ven-
trally, tapering at both ends. Body surface finely shagreened, bear-
ing many tuberculous spots of varying shapes and sizes, som". of
which bear one and others two bluntly tipped hairs. Antennae short.
Head rounded, lobes moderately constricted posteriorly; front with
a median, shallow depression. Color shining black except for a
narrow lateral spot including and dorsal to each antenna. Head
bearing several hairs on front and sides. Thoracic plate covering
dorsal surface of prothorax which bears a single lateral spot. Tho-
racic plate is of same ground color as other tuberculous spots. Fine
median line divides thoracic plate and continues through median,
dorsal tuberculous spots of meso- and metathorax. Median dorsal
spots of meso- and metathorax similar to those of abdominal seg-
ments. Lateral to each of these is a single spot of which the pos-
terior one is much the larger. Below these spots is a longitudinally
elongated, spiracular spot and below this a pair of spots. Each
abdominal segment beginning with the first bears two transversely
elongated, median, dorsal spots placed one behind the other, of which
the anterior is the longer. Lateral to each of these on each side are
two somewhat more circular spots thus forming two transverse rows
of tuberculous spots on the dorsal surface. Below this double row
on either side is a tuberculous spot containing the spiracle, below
which are two other spots arranged transversely. On the last ab-
dominal segment, the spots are united so as to form single dorsal
and ventral spots. On each ventral abdominal segment is an elon-

62 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^oi. xxviii.

gated, median, transverse spot posterior and lateral to which is a
single spot. Ventral spots of thoracic segments similar to those
of abdomen except that the median spot is rounded and that of the
prothorax is confluent with the two others forming an irregular one.
Outer portions of legs dark brown except for apical portions of
femora which are light; inner surfaces lighter. Newly hatched
larvae are somewhat lighter in color than mature ones. The same
spots are apparently present but are not clearly defined and appear
more confluent.

Pupa. — Length 3.9 mm. Width 1.75 mm. Light yellow. Sur-
face bearing several acutely pointed spine-like hairs arising from
minute, darkened tubercles and arranged as follows : Head bears
one at base of each antenna; one at outer margin of each eye and
one posterior and medianly to this. Prothorax bears a pair on
anterior margin on both sides of middle; three on outer angle of
lateral margin and a pair of somewhat separated ones on posterior
margin near lateral margin; also a median dorsal pair. Meso- and
metathorax bear a single one toward lateral margin. Each abdomi-
nal segment bears on its posterior margin a transverse, dorsal row
of six spine-like hairs (on some segments several of these hairs
appear to be missing). Spiracles dorsal, prominent, near lateral
margin of each abdominal segment beyond which is a single hair.
Extremity of abdomen terminating in a pair of short stout spines.
Apices of all femora bear a pair of hairs.

Aditlt. — Haltica marevagans. This was described by Horn in
1889 in his paper, "A Synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America"
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVI, p. 226) and his description fol-
lows : " Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, deep blue, rarely
slightly greenish, shining. Antenut'e half as long as the body, ob-
viously thicker externally, piceous, bluish at base, joint four dis-
tinctly longer than third and equal to fifth. Head smooth, frontal
carina scarcely prominent, the tubercles flat and indistinct. Thorax
more than half wider than long, sides arcuately narrowed to the
front, margin very narrow, slightly thickened at front angles, disc
convex, ante-basal impression extremely indistinct, often obliterated,
surface sparsely, finely punctate near the base, an oblique series of
coarser punctures beginning at the front angles. Elytra a little
wider at base than the thorax, humeri rounded, umbone feeble, a

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 63

slight flattening within it, surface finely, but very indistinctly punc-
tate, not closely, smoother near the apex. Body beneath and legs
colored as above; abdomen coarsely, not closely punctate. Length
4-4.5 mm,

" The last ventral of the male has a very distinct sinuation each
side, the middle lobe flat, with a deep longitudinal impression ex-
tending over half the segment and ending abruptly. In most of the
collections examined this species is labelled foliacea, from which it
differs in form, sculpture and male characters. Occurs along the
sea-coast region from Florida to New Jersey, and probably farther
north."

In Xew Jersey the beetles appear during the first part of June
and deposit eggs on the leaves of primrose. As a rule these are
placed on the lower surface in groups of two or three, although in
some few cases as many as twelve were noted in one batch. In a
few instances eggs were found on the stems. The eggs are laid on
their sides and glued to each other and to the leaf. They hatch in
about one week and the larvae skeletonize the leaves usually from the
under surfaces. When full grown they enter the soil in which they
pupate, constructing small cells for this purpose about one half inch
below the surface.

During the last of July adults appear and eggs are again depos-
ited during the first of August. The second brood of larvae feed
mostly on the leaves but many of those which mature late are found
feeding on the small flower buds and even on the green seed cap-
sules. These become full grown about the last of August and then
pupate, about two weeks being required for this stage, the hiber-
nating brood of beetles appearing about the middle of September.
On account of the overlapping of the two broods adults can be
found throughout the state from June through September. In view
of the fact that some beetles were found in the pupal cells in the soil
during the last half of September, it is quite probable that some over-
winter in such places.

Haltica fuscoaenea Mcls. , ' '

This species is another flea beetle which appears to confine its
attacks to evening primrose. It occurs in various parts of Xew
Jersey but is especially abundant in the southern part. Its method

64 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

of feeding and habits are similar to those of marevagans and very
often the foliage is completely riddled.

Egg. — Length 0.7 mm. Width 0.21 mm. Except for its smaller
size it is similar to the egg of Haltica marevagans.

Full Grown Larva. — Length 4.5 mm. Width i mm. Somewhat
like that of H. marevagans in general appearance and number and
arrangement of tuberculous spots. However, the following differ-
ences are to be noted: the larva is smaller; shagreening is finer;
ground color is lighter, being yellowish green; the spots also are of
a lighter brown and differ in some cases in outline; the spiracular
spot is closer to the two dorsal lateral spots above it and more in be-
tween them; when the spot below the spiracular spot is compared
with the spiracular spot, a greater difference in size will be found in
fuscocenea than in marevagans; the median line dividing thoracic
plates and median thoracic spots is wider in fuscoccenea than in
marevagans.

Pupa. — Length 2.8 mm. Width 1.4 mm. Light yellow; smaller
than that of marevagans; spine-like hairs on head similar to those of
marevagans; prothorax bears a single spine-like hair on posterior
margin instead of a pair as in marevagans and a dorsal pair anterior
to median, dorsal pair; meso- and metathorax bears a pair of median
ones and a single one each side of these ; abdominal hairs placed
similar to those of marevagans; extremity of abdomen terminating
in a pair of stout spines which are more elongate than those of mare-
vagans and slightly incurved at the tips.

Adult. — Haltica fuscocrnea. This was described by Melsheimer
in 1847 (Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 165). The following re-
description is by Horn (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVI, p. 229) :
" Oblong oval, moderately shining, olivaceous green, antennse and
legs rufotestaceous. Antennse a little longer than half the body,
joints 2-3-4 gradually increasing in length. Head finely alutaceous,
a faint transverse groove between the eyes in which are a few indis-
tinct punctures, frontal carina broad and obtuse, the tubercles small.
Thorax transversely subquadrate, very little wider than long, not
narrower at apex than base, sides very feebly arcuate, margin very
narrow, slightly thickened at the front angles, disc convex, the ante-
basal impression fine, but moderately deep, extending nearly from
side to side, surface finely alutaceous and with very minute sparse

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. (JO

punctures. Elytra not wider at base than the thorax, humeri broadly
rounded, umbone not distinct, surface distinctly sparsely punctate
near the base, smoother at apex. Body beneath piceous with icneous
luster; abdomen sparsely punctate. Legs rufotestaceous, the poste-
rior femora piceous with jeneous surface luster. Length .12-. 14
inch; 3-3.5 mm.

" In the male the last ventral is truncate at middle, a slight sinua-
tion on each side, the middle at apex flattened, the edge slightly re-
flexed. This species has rather the habitus of a ChcFtocnoita than
Haltica in general. The nearly square thorax, together with the
pale antennae and legs v\^ill enable it to be distinguished from polita
and all the others of the genus. Occurs from ISIassachusetts to
Georgia."

In New Jersey it occurs from ]\Iay to September and according to
Smith (Ins. N.J.) it is especially common on evening primrose along
the shore. However, we have found it also common as far inland
as the Delaware River in the southern part of the state. It is notably
scarcer, however, in the northern sections.

In the southern counties it appears during the first w'eek of ]\Iay
and deposits eggs on the foliage of primrose, usually on the lower
surfaces. These are placed as a rule in groups of two or three. The
eggs are yellow and covered with a whitish envelope which some-
times cracks and falls off. A similar covering is present on the eggs
of viarevagans. The life-history in fact appears to be like that of
marcvagans. About six weeks are necessary for a complete life
cycle. Adults appear about the first of Alay. About the middle of
June and again during the first week of August adults appear in
numbers. Eggs are again laid at this time and the larvae when full
grown enter the soil and pupate. The evidence at present points to
the winter being passed in this stage. During the summer pupation
requires about ten days.

Other Primrose Feeders.
Agallia sanguinolenta Prov.

On July 15 at Lakehurst, N. J., nymphs and adults of this leaf-
hopper were observed on evening primrose. It is known as the
clover leaf-hopper and usually confines its attacks to clover, alfalfa,
cowpeas and vetch. However, it is common in meadow and pasture

66 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii.

lands and feeds on a number of cultivated and native grasses. Its
occurrence on primrose at only a single locality in New Jersey prob-
ably indicates an accidental infestation due perhaps to the absence
of its favorite food plants. This species and its control have been
covered by Mr. E. H. Gibson in a recent Farmers' Bulletin (Bui.
737, U. S. D. A.).

Thecodiplosis zauschneriae Felt.

Rosette galls on the heads of several plants Were noted at Mon-
mouth Junction, N. J., on July lo and itonid larvee presumably of
this' species were taken from the bases of the leaves of the rosette,
eight in one head and five in another. In no other locality were
such rosette galls found. T. zanschneria: was described by Felt in
1912 (JouRN. N. Y./Ent, Soc, 20: 146-56).

Plant Lice.

According to the '' Food Plant Catalogue of Aphididse of World,"
Part V, by Dr. Edith M. Patch (Me. Ag. Exp. Sta. Bui. 270, 1918)
the following species are listed under CEnothera biennis L.

Aphis gossypii Glover.
Aphis cenotherce Oestlund.
Myzus biennis Sanborn.
Myzus cenotherce Williams.
Pemphigus cenotherce Williams.
Siphonophora sp. Williams.

In New Jersey we have noted Aphis ocnotherce Oest, (det. Dr. C.
P. Gillette and L. C. Bragg) early in the season in large numbers
on primrose leaves and stems. Later in the' season MacrosipJium
gaiircs Will. (det. C. P. Gillette and L. C. Bragg) occurred abundantly
on the stems and green seed pods. At Riverton, N. J., July 2,
Paragus tibialis was bred from larvae feeding on plant lice infesting
■ primrose. A number of lady-bird beetles were noted in connection
with aphis infestations and these are treated under the list of
Coleoptera.

Miscellaneous Species Found on Evening Primroses.

Unless otherwise noted the insects named in the following lists

were taken on the foliage of evening primrose. The few records

from outside sources are followed by the references. It is realized

of course that many of the species mentioned have no direct asso-

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 67

ciation wilh the plants and are probably only accidental visitors.
Further collecting would add many names to this list.

HOMOPTERA.

Ormenis pruinosa Say.

Palmyra, VII 29, N. J.
Scolops sulcipes Say.

Arlington, VII 25, N. J.
Phlepsius irroratus Say.

Fairlawn, X. J., VII 5.
Scaphoideus immistus Say.

Eatontown, VIII 9, N. J.

Hemiptera.

Euschistus variolarius Pal. Beauv.

Tuckerton, X. J., VIII 21.
Thyanta calceata Say. ,

West Norwood, N. J., VII 24.
Thyrecoris pulicaria Germ.

Springfield, VII 10; Arlington, VII 25, X. J.
Thyrecoris aterrima r^lal.

Arlington. N. J., VII 25.
Lygus pratensis L.

Woodbury, N. J.
Ortholomus longiceps Stal.

l-"airlawn, VII 25; ^Monmouth Junction, VII 8; Riverton, Lake-
hurst. VII 15, N. J. Widely distributed, on primrose.
Jalysus spinosus Say.

Riverton, X. J., August.
Nabis roseipennis Reut.

Fairlawn, N. J., VII 8.
Sinea diadema Fab.

Irvington, N. J., VII 2.
Phymata erosa L.

Arlington, X. J., VII 25.
Triphleps insidiosus Say.

Princeton Jc \'II 2. X. T. Widely distributed on primrose.
Plagiognathus politus Uhl.

Springfield, \'II 10; Riverton. \'III 20, X. J.

68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviii.

Resthenia insignis Say.

Lakehurst, N. J., VII 17.
Neurocolpus nubilis Say.

Arlington, N. J., VII 25.
Poeciloscytus basalis Reut.

Lakehurst, N. J., VII 17.
Poeciloscytus lineatus Fab.

Uhlerstown, Pa., VI 11, seriously injuring the foliage.

COLEOPTERA.

Hippodamia convergens Guer.

Woodbury, N. J., VI 30. feeding on plant lice.
Hippodamia glacialis Fabr.

Plainfield, VII 9, N. J.
Coccinella novemnotata Hbst.

Monmouth Jc, N. J., V 30, feeding on plant lice.
Adalia bipunctata L.

Nutley, VII 5, N. J.
Cycloneda sanguinea L.

Lyons, VIII 4; Atlantic Highlands, VIII 15, N. J.
Coccinella 3-fasciata L.

Monmouth Junction, VIII 17, N. J., feeding on plant lice.
Brachyacantha ursina Fabr.

Irvington, N. J., VII 12.
Hyperaspis undulata Say.

Arlington, N. J.. VII 25.
Scymnus fratemus Lee.

Woodbury, N. J., VI 30.
Lebia viridis Say.

Riverton, VIII 20; Eatontown, VII 5; Lakhurst, VII 25, N. J.
Scirtes tibialis Guer.

Monmouth Junction. N. J., VII 15.
Pyropyga decipiens Harr.

Plainfield, N. J., VII 9.
Chauliognathus marginatus Fabr.

Plainfield, N. J., VII 9.
Podabrus rugulosus Lee.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., V 30.

March, 1920.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 69

Lachnostema lanceolata Say.

Feeding on evening primrose (W. P. Hayes) (Jour. Econ. Ent.,
Vol. 12, p. 115).
Anomala lucicola Fab.

Woodbury, N. J., VI 30; Uhlerstown; Pa., VI ii, plentiful at
latter locality and injuring foliage considerably.
Popilia japonica Ne\vm.

Riverton, N. J., August, feeding on foliage.
Lema 3-lineata OH v.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., V 30; this is the old-fashioned potato
beetle.
Graphops marcassitus Cr.

Trenton. V 26; Rutherford. VIII 19, N. J.
Graphops pubescens Mels.

Common throughout New Jersey, May to September on foliage
of evening primrose. This is one of the strawberry root borers.
Smith (Ins. N. J.) states "at roots of evening primrose" (CH.),
but we were unable to locate it there in any stage, althougli it was
plentiful on the foliage and buds.
Colaspis brunnea Fab.

Uhlerstown, Pa., VII 8.
Plagiodera versicolor Laich.

Xew Brunswick, X. J., VI 30, on primrose near willow.
Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv.

Tuckerton, X. J.. VIII 21.
Galerucella nympheae L.

Monmouth Junction, VII-7, on primrose near water.
Epitrix cucumeris Harr.

VI 10; Woodbury, VI 30; Princeton, VI 20, X. J. Feeding on
foliage of primroses near potato fields.
Haltica exapta.

On evening j^rimrose. (Ins. Life, Vol. 3, p. 26.)
Haltica ignita 111.

Atlantic Highlands, N. J., VIII 25. The strawberry flea beetle.
According to Chittenden (U. S. Bur. Ent. Bui. 23, pp. 70-78) the
beetle also deposits eggs on the leaves of primrose and related plants
and the larvje feed on the leaves and seed pods (Schwarz). We
have not found this species breeding on primrose in Xew Jersey, but

70 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^^o'- xxviii.

have found H. fuscocrnca, a related species resembling ignita, very-
abundant in places.
Chaetocnema denticulata 111.

Springfield, N. J.,, VIII 12.
Systena hudsonias Forst.

Trenton, N. J., V-18.
Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Fabr.

Palmyra, N. J., VII 29.
Phyllotreta sinuata Steph.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., VI 10, feeding on foliage.
Coptocycla bicolor Fab.

Trenton, V 26, N. J.
Mordella 8-punctata Fabr.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., VII 18.
Auleutes ater Lee.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., VI 10, feeding at bases of young
leaves.

Otiorhynchus ovatus L. Trenton, N. J., VI 26. The larva of this
species is the strawberry crown-girdler.
Sitones hispidula Germ.

Woodbury, N. J., VIII 21.
Gymnetron teter Fab.

Monmouth Junction, N. J.. VI 10, feeding in heads and in axils
of leaves.
Chalcodermus coUaris Horn.

Occurs on evening primrose in Illinois (Hart). (Rhyn. N. E.
Amer.)
Tyloderma aerea Say.

Trenton, N. J., V 26; Hackensack, November, in rosettes.
Acanthoscelis curtus Gyll.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., VI 10, feeding at bases of young
leaves.
Ccelogaster zimmermanni Gyll.?

Uhlerstown, Pa., VI 11.
Madarellus undulatus Say.

Woodbury, N. J., VIII 21.
Mecopeltus scandens Dietz.

Anglesea, N. J., VII 12 (W.) (Ins. N. J.). Occurs on primrose
(Robinson) (Rhyn. N. E. Amer.),

March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & W'eISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 71

Lepidoptera.

Eupithecia interruptofasciata Pack.

New Brunswick, X. J., August 2^, bred from larva found feeding
on foliage (dot. \\'. Schaus).
Sparganothis sulfureana Clem.

Riverton, N. J.. September 19, bred from larva feeding on
primrose.

Hy.menoptera.

Monostegia martini INTacG.

Larva feeds on CEuoihcra (Bui. 22, Conn. Geol. Nat. His. Sur.
Hymen. Conn., p. 47).
Inastemma sp.

West Norwood, N. J., VH 24, taken on head of evening primrose
(det. A. B. Gaban).
Monomorium minimum Emery.

Riverton, N. J.. July 29. in flower buds which had been partly
eaten out by other insects.
Cremastogaster lineolata Say.

Egg Harbor, N. J., August 3.
Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander.

Arlington, N. J., VH 25.
Leptothorax curvispinosus j\Iayr.

Trenton. N. J., \*I[ i, in primrose stem. Arlington. X. J., \'II 25.
Tetramorium caespitum L.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., V 30.
Tapinoma sessile Say.

West X'orwood, X. J.. \'n 24.
Prenolepis imparis Say.

Eatontown, X. J.. VHI 29; Atlantic High.. VHI 15. N. J.
Formica fusca Linne var. subsericea Say.^

Fairlawn. VII 5; Monmouth Junction, \' 30. N. J.
Formica pallide-fulva var. fuscata Emery.

Atlantic TTi.':liIand>. X. J., VIII 16.
Nysson plagiatus Cress.

Eatontown, X'. J.. VITT 20. Tn flowers.
Halictus cressonii Rob.

Lakehurst. X. J.. \\\ 17. in flower.

1 Identified by Dr. Wheeler.

72

Journal New York Entomological Society. ["^^°'- xxviii.

Halictus ligatus Say.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., VIII 7, in flower.
Halictus sparsus Rob.

Atlantic Highlands, N. J., VIII 15, in flower.
Halictus illinoisensis Rob.

Tuckerton, N. J., VIII 21, in flowers.
Halictus pilosus Cress.

Tuckerton, N. J., VIII 21, in flowers.
Agapostemon virescens Fab.

^lonnjouth Junction, N. J., VII 7, in flowers.
Melissodes dentiventris Smith.

Monmouth Junction, N. J., VII 7, in flower.
Prosopis cressoni Ck.

Caldwell, N. J., VII 28, bred from cell in dry primrose stem.
Stelis lateralis Cress.

Trenton, N. J., V 18, in flowers.
Bombus impatiens Harris.

Tuckerton, N. J., VIII-20 in flowers.

DiPTERA.

Paragus angustifrons Loew.

Red Bank, N. J., September i, emerged from puparium on prim-
rose stem (det. C. T. Greene).
Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say.

Irvington, N. J., August 5, bred from larva feeding on plant lice
on primrose (det. C. T. Greene).
Eristalis tenax Linn.

Observed in various parts of New Jersey visiting flowers during
the fall.

Statistics of Primrose Insects.

Feeders on or in
During One or
More Stages.

Flower Visitors.

Found on Foli-
age or Stems,

Totals,

Homoptera

Hemiptera

Coleoptera

Lepidoptera

8

I

13

I
I

l2
10

I

4
15
32

9
2

12
16
45
13
20

Dipteral

4

Totals

37

II

62

no

1 Parasites not included.

Also a feeder.

March, 1920.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVEXIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 73

Acknowledgments

We are greatly indebted to the following persons for help in the
preparation of this paper : to Mr. C. W. Leng for references to the
literature of the Coleoptera and identifications in this order, to Mr.
C. A. Frost for determinations in the Coleoptera, to Mr. H. G. Bar-
ber for identifying the Hemiptera, to Mr. M. R. Smith for deter-
mining the ants, to Mr. August Busck and Mr. Carl Heinrich for
their help with the micros and other Lepidoptera, to Dr. C. P. Gillette
and Mr. L. C. Bragg in connection with the plant lice, to Dr. J.
Bequaert in connection with the Hymenoptera except the parasites,
and to the specialists named in the text who through the courtesy
of Dr. L. O. Howard identified the dipterous and hymenopterous
parasites. The photographs were taken by Mr. Erdman West, to
whom we are also grateful for many miscellaneous observations on
primrose insects.

Explanation of Plates I, II and III.

'A. Adult, Celerio lineata.
' B. Lan-a of Celerio lineata.

• C. Adult, Rhodophora florida.
» D. Adult, Apantesis arge.
ȣ. Adult, Eiithisanotia unio.

• F. Adult, Desmia funeralis (after Strauss).

, G. Primrose stem split lengthwise showing winter cells of Mompha eloisella

lar\2e. Third cell from top shows the silken lining.
*//. Enlarged view of I.
• /. Single larval cell of Mompha eloisella.

J, K. Primrose stem split showing larv;e and larval cavities of Tyloderma
foveolata.
. L. .\dult, Mompha eloisella.
M, N. Primrose leaves showing feeding of Haltica marevagans and Haltica

fuscocrnea larvae and adults.
.0. Swollen primrose flower bud infested by the larva of Mompha stellella.
. P. Folded Jirimrose leaf containing pupa of Desmia funeralis,
Q, R. Primrose flower buds in different stages of development.
5. Seed capsule of evening primrose in different stages of development.

74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

T, U. Dry seed capsules showing exit holes of Mompha circumscriptella and

Momplia brevivittella.
V. Primrose stem during the winter showing the dry, open seed capsules.

STUDIES IN RHYNCHOPHORA. IX. THE SEXES OF
CONOTRACHELUS BREVISETIS CHAMP.

By D. Sharp,
Brockenhurst, Engl.\nd.

The species was described by Champion (Biol. Centr. Amer., 4,
pt. IV, p. 402, pi. 20, figs. 14, 14a, h, and c), who recognized it as
occurring in Guatemala, Panama and Venezuela. I have recently
received a series from French Guiana which are apparently this
species; Mr. Champion after comparison of a pair of the Guiana
examples has decided that they are the same as the Central American
form. The species is remarkable externally on account of the last
dorsal being unusually extended forwards on the venter, as described
by Champion, " in the male the pygidium exposed and becoming ven-
tral." This character induced me to dissect some of my specimens,
as I have found that unusual shape of the last body-segment in the
male is usually accompanied by peculiar conformation of the internal
sexual apparatus. And on making dissection I found so strange a
structure that I forwarded specimens to Mr. F. Muir in Honolulu.
He and Mrs. Muir examined them carefully, and were so good as to
make drawings, which are reproduced on the plate accompanying
this paper.

The male, figures 2 to 6, has the apex of the median lobe deflexed
so that it is at right angles with the body of the lobe, the struts ms.
are very short. The tegmen, tg., is a ring, without strut, but the
sides of the ring are prolonged as two delicate superior appendages,
tgt., the dorsum of the ring has only a very slender connection with
the side (fig. 3 shows this angle rather too robust). The body, ml.,
of the median lobe shows a depression, mo., commencing before the
deflexed apex and continued for some distance on the deflexed

(JouRX. N. V. Ext. Soc.

Vol. x.wiii. (Plate I.)

PklMKoSl-: INSECTS.

loi KN. N. N'. Km. Soc.) \"i.. X.W 111.

IM.AI1-; 11.

Mi

rklMRosj-: INsIXTS.

(Joi R\. N. \'. Km. Soc.) \')|-. XXMii. (Platic III.;

Z^'-

u'

PRIMROSK 1\SK( rs.

March, 1920.] ShARP : STUDIES IX RhYXCHOPHORA. 75

process; ventrally opposite to the median orifice is a membranous
bulge, d. If the median orifice be looked at as perpendicularly as
possible, it presents somewhat the appearance shown in fig. 4, which
shows a central chitin sclerite, c, and a median one, ta.; the latter
varies in appearance according to whether the sac is greatly retracted.
When the sac is extended it is found to be a bladder-like structure
with a lobe at its base ; this lobe consists of very complex hard pieces
partially shown in fig. 6, and through it runs the ejaculatory duct, ej.,
opening on a spot fo., in the middle of this transfer apparatus; this
spot is the functional orifice where the sperm leaves the male struc-
ture for transference to the female. The extreme hardness and the
very complex shape of this transfer apparatus is unusual in the Cur-
culionids; but in the Tomicidse division of the Scolytidse there exist
very remarkable analogous formations, the " Auf satz " of Lindeman,
which I anticipate, when carefully examined to find the ejaculatory
duct, will also be found to bear the functional orifice.

The position of this transfer apparatus at the base of the main
division, is., of the sac is also remarkable, as it is usually closely con-
nected with the wall of the main sac, and placed more or less at its
apex.

The shape and nature of the transfer apparatus differs greatly in
the various forms of Rhyncophora, so that it will be difficult to gen-
eralize it for the purpose of definition of the great groups, but it will
be found very important in the case of definition of genera and tribes.

Much mystery at present surrounds the male genitalia, which is
a sign of our ignorance. We say that as regards the great modi-
fications of the outer skeleton of an insect that they are " adapta-
tions." But no one so far as I am aware has endeavored to account
for the great diversities we find in the male organs. If they are the
results of "adaptations," what is the nature of these?

The first idea that suggests itself is that there will be found to be
a correlation between male and female peculiarities, and I believe
that this will prove to be the case to a considerable extent. Unfor-
tunately we know but little of the female structures in Coleoptera.
In 1847 Stein published a very valuable work on the subject. "Die
weibliche Geschlectsorgane der Kafer," Berlin, and this remains the
only general work on the subject, but deals with only 3 or 4 Rhynco-
phora; Niisslin has since given up particulars of the structure of 15

76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

or 1 6 forms, but they all belong to the Scolytidse, which is a very
exceptional and limited division of the Rhyncophora (Zeitschr. wiss.
Ins. biol., 7, 191 1, p. 306, etc.).

Our means of forming a conclusion on the point I am alluding
to are therefore very limited, and the question will have to be an-
swered by concomitant considerations of the males and females of
particular species. The female structures are more difficult of inves-
tigation than the male, and I have paid comparatively little attention
to them, still I have formed the opinion that there exists a correlation
of the kind I have suggested and that Conotrachelus offers an exem-
plification of it.

Figure i gives a representation of the female structure of the
species, where ut. is the bursa, spt. the spermatheca and ovd. the
common oviduct; as regards the parts near the anal aperture the
figure is diagrammatic, but the other parts are fairly exact.

The sperm has to be lodged in the spermatheca, which is con-
nected with a long, slender duct to the bursa at the spot where it
joins the oviduct. The sac in the male, fig. 5, is., enters the bursa,
and brings the functional orifice of the transfer apparatus to the
mouth of the duct of the spermatheca; there is thus formed a con-
tinuous canal extending from the testes of the male to the sperma-
theca of the female.

Of course, one swallow does not make a summer, and one case in
which we can imagine a correlation does not show that such a corre-
lation is general, but I may mention that in the Celenthetides, where
the male sac is extraordinarily long and slender (see Trans. Ent. Soc.
London, 1918, pi. IX, f. 7), there is a corresponding elongation of
the female passages. It must not be forgotten that these mem-
branous parts are extremely elastic in both the female and the male
and that it is very difficult to restore them to their natural functional
shapes.

But if it be granted that there is a correlation between male and
female structures this only increases our difficulty in understanding
their variety and complication.

In the primitive condition, exemplified in Archotennopsis of the
Termitidae the female possesses a short oviduct, with a sperrriatheca
having a very short duct, and colleterial glands having a separate
orifice on the ninth sternite, while the male has no copulatory appa-

March, 1920.] Sharp : Studiks IX Rhyxchopiiora. 77

ratus, except the short muscular ductus ejaculatorius. (Imms.,
Trans. R. Soc. London, B, No. 361, 1919.) It is a long step from
this simple condition to the state we find in the Riiyncophora, and
yet during- the evolution of this complex condition a successful cor-
relation is maintained between the male and female structures, and
this in spite of their ever-increasing divergence. It would appear
at first sight that it would have been better to retain the original sim-
plicity of the sexual structures.

At present I can see no way to comprehending the great compli-
cation of the copulatory structures that prevails in the higher insects,
and that perhaps reaches its greatest extent in the Lamellicornia and
Rhyncophora in Coleoptera.

One slight suggestion may be made as to the complexity of func-
tion of the female portion of the genital conduit, for its most impor-
tant function is the transmission of the egg to a suitable position for
its successful development ; and it has also to receive the sperm from
the male, to preserve it in a special receptacle, and also to fertilize
each egg before its extrusion.

For each of these purposes special structures exist ; but at present
we know very little about the functions. Especially obscure is the
process of fertilizing the egg. The spermatozoon has to pass along
the duct from the spermatheca which is sometimes of extraordinary
length, much longer than in Conofracheliis hrevisctis, while in other
cases it is quite short. The function of the bursa is also obscure.

We now know that in some species of Rhyncophora males are
not known to exist though females are abundant; hence partheno-
genesis undoubtedly occurs, and it is clear that in the history of the
species the female is more important than the males, and it seems
probable that in the evolution of the structures under consideration
the female has led the way, and the male structures have developed
in correlation with the changes in the female. But as to how this
necessary correlation has been brought about I am unable to offer
any suggestion of real importance.

If this paper has any value it is chiefly due to Mr. and Mrs. F.
Muir of Honolulu, who made the drawings and took considerable
pains to ascertain difficult points of the anatomy.

78 J-ouRNAL New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii.

Explanation of Plate IV.
Genitalia of Conotilachelus brevisetis Champion.

Fig. I. The female parts: a, space where the area is somewhat contracted,
corresponding with the space b in fig. 5 ; an, anal orifice ; ovd, the common
oviduct; spt, spermatheca with its gland; ut, bursa.
• Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The male parts.

Fig. 2. Profile of the adsegus with the sac indrawn, but with tegmen
extended.

Fig. 3. Tegmen dissected off the median lobe.

Fig. 4. Apical portion of the median lobe, showing median orifice for the
protrusion of the sac and transfer apparatus.

Fig. 5. Apical portion of median lobe, profile with sac extended.

Fig. 6. Face of transfer apparatus.

In figures 2 to 6 the lettering is uniform, as follows : b, contracted part of
the sac ; c, hinge or volet ; cm, connecting membrane ; d, membranous bulge
accommodating the transfer apparatus when the sac is retracted ; e, outer shield
of transfer apparatus; ej, ejaculatory duct; fo, functional orifice; is, the sac;
ml, median lobe; mo, median orifice; nis, strut of median lobe; ia, transfer
apparatus ; tg, tegmen ; tgl, tegminal lobe.

THE TRUE KATYDID NEARLY EXTINCT IN NEW

YORK CITY.

By Wm. T. Davis,
New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.

The true katydid, Pferophylla camellifolia Fabr., is either extinct
or nearly so on Staten Island, a borough of New York City. It used
to be very common there, and as late as August 14, 1908, the writer
noted it " quite numerous and very noisy in the tall trees in the
Egbertville ravine" near the central part of the Island. There are
still considerable forested areas on Staten Island that would seem
to be as suitable for the insect as similar places on Long Island and
in New Jersey, and indeed it used to frequent these very same trees.
Why it has died out is not known, except ppssibly the air is no
longer as pure as formerly, for there are now numerous factories
along Arthur Kill, the smoke from which may have affected the
foliage on which it feeds. However, it is no longer present even on
the ocean side of the Island. In our investigation that carried us

(JouRX. X. Y. Ext. Soc.)

Vol. XXVIII.

(Plate IV.)

cin.

COXOTRACHELUS BREX'ISETIS CHAMP.

March, 1920.] Davis : Truf. Katydid Xearly Extinct. 79

over about fifty miles of the most rural parts, Mr. Edward J. Burns
and I were unable to hear any true katydids on the warm nights of
September, 1919, though the tree-frequenting Microccntrum rhombi-
folinm was present, as were also the several native species of Scud-
dcria, Amhlycorypha and Ncoconoccphalus.

It has been shown by Dr. Joseph L. Hancock in Entomological
News for February, 1916, that the eggs of Amhlycorypha oblongifoUa
may not hatch until the second or third year after they have been
laid. If those of Ptcrophylla can remain dormant for a like period,
it is possible that some small colonies may still exist on Staten Island,
but we think their presence unlikely. While we have not the same
conclusive evidence for other areas of forested country lying in New
York City as we have for those on Staten Island, from our observa-
tions it would appear that the true katydid is either extinct or is
rapidly becoming less common in most localities within the limits
mentioned. From I\Ir. S. Harmsted Chubb of the American Museum
of Natural History we learn that about four katydids were heard
singing on the evening of October 6, 1919, in some tall trees a short
distance west of Broadway at about 255th Street. This locality is
near the northern limit of Van Cortlandt Park. In the collection of
the American Museum of Natural History there are six specimens
collected many years ago at West Farms, New York City, by John
Angus. Owing to the fact that the true katydid is still so common
on parts of Long Island, it may possibly be found in the eastern part
of one of the boroughs of the greater city situated on that island.

It is to be regretted that but six specimens of camelUfolia are
preserved from Staten Island, where at one time the species was so
abundant. Most of these were found on the trunks of trees after
storms, for when the wind blows hard the katydid often descends
to the main trunk. They are easily collected where the forest growth
is low, as at Lakehurst, N. J., for instance, by following up the song
of the male and locating the insect with the aid of an acetylene lan-
tern. Then if the katydid is gently touched with a long stick, it will
let go its hold and fall to the shrubbery below. Mr. George P. En-
gelhardt and I have thus collected many. The insect, however, will
not let go its hold if the trees are simply shaken : it has to be touched.

While the true katydid does not often frequent the tops of pitch
pines, it docs lay its eggs in the bark of that tree, and we have photc-

80 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

graphed a female while so engaged, and seen a number of others,
especially in the mixed woods of pines and oaks on Long Island,
N. Y. Many lay their eggs during the latter part of September on
Long Island, and it is then also that the males sing often in the
davtime when the sunshine is warmest.

LEGS IN THE CARABID^.

By Howard Notman,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

The coxae of the anterior and intermediate legs are globular in
form and exhibit the same structure throughout the Carabidse. The
apex or upper end of the joint, viewing the beetle as it lies on its
back, contains a circular cavity which holds the condyle of the tro-
chanter. Adjoining this cavity on the outer side is another cavity
or depression in the outer face of the coxa. This second cavity
reaches the outer edge of the joint and is bounded by a more or less
carinate edge except at the outer end where the carina is obliterated.
Where the two adjoin, the wall of the central cavity is deeply emar-
ginate. This structure gives the leg a greater radius of transverse
motion and allows it to be drawn closer to the body in repose.

The anterior and posterior edges of the outer depression are not
similar in form. The former, viewed from the front, is straight and
continuous with the edge of the central cavity. The latter, viewed
from the opposite direction, is strongly concave and elevated in a
prominent blunt-pointed tooth where it joins the edge of the central
cavity. This tooth is bent slightly over the condyle and strengthens
the hold on the latter at the point where the emargination between
the cavities tends to weaken it. Considering this to be a description
of the anterior coxae, the arrangement in the intermediate is exactly
the reverse; that is, the tooth is on the anterior edge and the poste-
rior edge is straight. When it is considered that the anterior legs
are used chiefly to pull the beetle forward and the intermediate to
push it in the same direction, the reason for the opposite arrange-
ment is explained and it seems probable that the tooth not only

March, 1920.] NoTMAN : LeGS IX THE CaRABID.E. 81

Strengthens the hold on the condyle but also serves as a fulcrum in
the motion of leg. The tooth on the intermediate cox?e is not so
strong not much more than a distinct angulation.

While the anterior and intermediate coxae are condyles held by
the sternal plates; the posterior are plates, being immovable. The
upper surface, which is in the plane of the metasternum, corresponds
with the anterior surface of the other pairs; the apex and outer
cavity are perpendicular to the plane of the body, and the posterior
edge of both cavities is the suture between the coxae and the first
ventral segment.

The upper surface, called the coxal plate, is triangular in form
with a rounded posterior apex, covering the base of the trochanter
and restricting the hind legs to a forward and back motion like that
in the swimming of a frog. The outer portion of the coxal plate
conjointly with the under plate forms a point extending to the outer
edge of the metasternum between the latter and the first ventral
segment.

The coxal or upper plate is fiat and extends from the center or
near the center of the body to the outer edge of the metasternum.
It is widest near the inner edge and tapers rapidly to the outer ex-
tremity. In its simplest form as found in Dyschirins, Clivina and
Bembidhim, it has an acute edge throughout which is margined on
the outer half. It conceals entirely the vertical under plate when
viewed from above. In this form the coxae differ least from the
anterior and intermediate pairs. It is also found in Opisthius,
Leistus, PromecognatJiiis, the Pogonini, four species of Platynus —
larvalis, caudatus, disscctus and piisillus, in Lcptofrachelus, Casnonia
hidoviciana and Zacotus.

In most species of Carabidae the upper plate is narrower exter-
nally and the under plate wider and oblique so that the latter is visible
from above. In Cychrus, Carahus, Calosoma, Galcrita, Cymindis,
Helluomorpha and Brachyniis the plates, which are of this type are
separated by an entire carina. In general, however, the carina is
lacking on the outer half of the coxae and the plates are separated
by a groove, the marginal groove of the upper plate. This groove
also is lacking on the outer fourth or third in Anomoglossus, Brachy-
lohus, and Lachuocrcpis. In the remaining genera, including the
three last named and a few species of Cychrus — hcros. clcratus. bi-

82 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

carinatns, Iccontei, and Carahtis — vinctns and limhatus, the outer
part of the coxae is also flattened in part or wholly to the plane of
the metasternum and ventral segments; sometimes only the extreme
outer point as in the species of Cychrns and Carahus mentioned and
most of Pterostichus, or a half of the outward extension as in the
subgenus Poccilus of the genus Pterostichns, in the subgenera Amara
and Celia of the genus Amara, in the genera Loxandrus, Diplochila
and Diccelus; or the whole of the extension as in Chlccnhis.

In general when the extension is flat, the outer part of the upper
plate is very narrow, the dividing groove then being close to the
metasternal suture. The extreme examples are found in the genera
CaUida, EiiprocHis, Pinacodcra and Onota, in which the extension
consists almost entirely of the lower plate. In these genera and
Chlcenius, therefore, is found the greatest dissimilarity in structure
and function between the two front pairs and the posterior pair of
coxae.

Casnonia pcnnsylvanica and Casnonia hidoviciana show the great-
est dissimilarity in the structure of the posterior coxse to be found
in two closely related species. In the former the under plate is very
oblique and slightly flattened at the outer end, in the latter the under
plate is vertical and invisible from above.

In the genus Plochionus the groove on the coxal extension is very
close to the anterior margin near the middle of the coxa, but curves
away from the margin at its outer extremity. This character is also
found in a greater degree in the genus Oodes. In Oodes amaroides,
amcricanus and fluviaUs the groove resembles that found in Plochio-
nus. In Oodes elegans the groove is sinuate; in cuprccus the groove
is in the form of a semicircle in its outer half; in quatuordecimsfri-
atns the semicircle occupies the whole of the coxal extension. No
known coxal structure could be represented by this groove, which,
therefore, seems to have lost its character as an indicator of struc-
ture and become merely sculptural ornamentation, a fact which de-
notes a remote ancestry for the genus.

The trochanters of the anterior and intermediate legs like the
coxae are, with one known exception, invariable in form. They are
short, connate with the femur and joined obliquely with it, their
lower edge being prolonged. The apices are supported by short
prominences in the basal edge of the femur. The joint is nearly
rigid.

March, 19^0.] XoTMAX : LeGS IN THE CaRABID.E. 83

In the posterior trochanters the prolongation is much greater and
free from the femur at its apical end. In Omophron and the
Cychrini it is short, about one fittli the length of the femur, oval in
form, with a strongly rounded end. In the remaining Carabinre, ex-
cepting the Scaritini, it varies from two sevenths to one third. In
the Scaritini it is larger. In Ardistomis only is it as small as one
third. In the other genera it varies from three sevenths to one half
the length of the femur. In Scarites the apex is acute.

In the Harpalinse bisetosse it varies from one fifth in Platynus
candatus to four fifths in the male of Patrohus calif o miens, in which
species it is very acutely pointed. It is also acutely pointed in
Patrobus otcrrimus. Elsewhere in the subfamily it varies from one
quarter to one third. In Oodes americamis, however, it is three
sevenths the length of the femur. In the Harpalinse unisetosse the
trochanters are longer, three sevenths to one half in the majority.

The femora vary in size and sliape, not only among the species
but also in the three pairs of an individual, for the anterior femora
are the shortest and stoutest and the posterior the longest and most
slender. This difference in the three pairs is always distinct but is
less in such narrow elongate species as Pterosfichus angnstus or
Zacotns matthcwsii. In the Cychrini, excepting the genus Sphccro-
dcnis, the legs are very slender and even in thickness. Elsewhere
the posterior femora are not only more slender but also more clavate
in form.

In a large proportion of the species the femora are grooved for
the reception of the tibicX when drawn in to the body. The grooves
are always strongest at the apical end and are often confined to the
apical one third or one half. The natural expectation would be to
find the grooves strongest in those species with short, stout legs.
This is not always the case, however. In Promccognathus the ante-
rior femora are stout and ungrooved; in Pasiiiiacliiis the anterior
femora are very stout and the grooves are very faint; on the other
hand, in the closely allied genus Scarites the grooves are strong.
In the slender legged genus Nebria the species ovipcnnis, mctalliea
and their allies have the femora strongly grooved, but in the species
pallipcs, sahlbcrgi and their allies, the femora are ungrooved. In
Ptcrostichus the femora are stout and strongly grooved; in Amara
the femora are somewhat less stout but no less stronglv grooved.

84 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

In Amara ohesa the anterior edge of the grooves on the anterior
femora is sharply carinate from the apex for about four fifths the
length of the joint; the posterior for one quarter only. In Badistcr
pulchellus the anterior carina is still stronger and entire, ending on
the center line of the joint. Unequal carination of the edge of the
grooves is also found in Loxandrns and Diplochila. In the males of
Chlccnius laticollis the anterior caringe of the anterior femora end
in a prominent acute tooth at less than one quarter from the base.
The tooth is on the center line of the joint. The posterior carinae
vanish a short distance in front of the tooth. In the males of
Chlccnius prasimis the edges of the grooves are not carinate; there
is, however, a short, obtuse tooth, whose apex is carinate at about
one third from the base. This tooth is not on the center line but
anterior to it, on the edge of an evenly outlined groove. In Chlccnius
ruficauda, also, the edges of the grooves are not carinate. In the
males of this species there is a short, acute tooth at one fourth from
the base, situated as in prasinus. In Nehria ovipennis both edges
of the anterior femoral grooves are carinate and vuiite in a distinct
point at about one fourth from the base; in the closely allied Nehria
gehleri both edges of the grooves are strongly carinate and entire
to the basal margin, where they do not unite. In Pachyteles tes-
taceiis, a small species placed in the tribe Nomiini, there is a large,
very acute tooth on the anterior edge of the femoral groove, about
two fifths from the apex. Between the tooth and the apex the edge
is not carinate. There is a strong carina, however, from the tooth
to the base of the joint, which is continuous with the strongly com-
presso-carinate trochanter, the only instance known of a modification
in the form of the latter.

The most important structural modification in the form of the
tibiae is found in the interior groove of the anterior pair. In the
Cychrini there is a long straight groove on the interior face, evanes-
cent toward the base and widest and deepest at the apical margin
between the two spurs. In Nehria sahlhergi, Leistus ferrugineus or
Calosoma calidnm, the groove is not straight, but curved apically
against the posterior spur, which is slightly higher on the tibia than
the other spur. The curve in the groove is still more pronounced
in the genus Blethisa, and the groove instead of terminating on the
apical margin of the tibia as in Cychrus, terminates in the lateral

March, 1920.] XoTMAN : LeGS IN THE CaRABID.E. 85

margin, producing an emargination therein. In these genera and
all the genera in which this emargination is strong, the posterior spur
is found some distance above the apex: in Thalpiiis pygmcciis near
the middle; in Dyschirius tridentatus nearer the base than the apex.
In the remarkable genus Metritis, however, the posterior spur is
terminal, although the groove is curved into the lateral margin and
produces an emargination therein; and on the other hand, in Omo-
phron, although the groove is straight as in the Cychrini, the poste-
rior spur occupies a strongly ante-apical position. In Pasimachiis
the groove is replaced by a hemispherical excavation, which cuts the
lateral margin close to the apex, between the base of the tarsi and
the posterior spur, which is slightly ante-apical. In Scarites the
excavation becomes an oblique transverse groove cutting both lateral
margins of the joint. In this form it is found throughout the sub-
family Harpalinae.

The tibise are always thicker at the apex than at the base; some-
times only slightly so as in Omophron or Brachynus; sometimes
suddenly thicker at the apex as in the Scaritini, the genus Ptero-
sticlms, or the Dapti. The anterior pair are always thicker and
shorter than the posterior.

Although the anterior pair are often strikingly modified with
teeth and apical prolongations, as in the Scaritini and Dapti, the
intermediate tibise in the majority of the genera are the most strongly
modified with secondary sculptural ornamentation in the form of
grooves, carinas and spines.

In the intermediate and posterior tibiae, some traces of a row of
spines on each side, often accompanied by a distinct carination, is
always found, excepting possibly in Casnonia, Ziiphium, Thalpius,
Ega and Brachynus. On the exterior faces of these tibise is rarely
found a simple longitudinal groove, stronger on the intermediate, as
in Leistus ferrugineus. In Nehria ovipennis and mefallica this
groove is found on the intermediate tibiae only, and is open at the
apex. In Platymts rcflcxus a weak groove is found on the inter-
mediate tibiae only; it is placed near the middle; in the closely related
Platynus brunneomarginatns intermediate and posterior tibiae are
both grooved, the groove extending nearly to the apex. In Callida
viridipcintis there are weak grooves near the apex on both pairs of
tibiae. The grooves are most strongly developed in /'/(7/_vH».y/»"t'&nV.

86 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxviii.

In place of the grooves, the intermediate and posterior tibiae may
have a central longitudinal carina as in Galerita dccipiens and in
Badister piilchellus; in v\diich case, the crest usually carries a row
of coarse punctures bearing spinules. In Lebia grandis the exterior
faces are compresso-carinate and the crest carries such a series. .In
HelliioDiorpha bicolor the whole tibia is compressed and the narrow
external edge is sharply and deeply grooved. These grooves are
open at the apex. The carinate edges are spinulose-punctate, more
strongly in the intermediate pair. In the intermediate pair the punc-
tures are exactly on the crest; in the posterior pair they are more on
the outer side of the carinse. In Philophnga viridicollis both pairs of
tibise are grooved, but the limiting carinse are indistinct and the
grooves are not open behind. The row of punctures on both pairs
in this species are slightly off the crests. In Tetragonoderus fas-
ciatits a row of spine-bearing punctures is found in an anterior posi-
tion on the intermediate tibise, though no groove is present. The
corresponding posterior row is less numerous or entirely absent. In
Pterostichus stygicus, coracinus and mocstus there is a row of three
or four large punctures on the apical third of the intermediate tibise.
These are not on the center line but slightly anterior in position.

The antero-exterior apical margin of the intermediate tibise in
Harpalus, Chlcrnius, Calosoma or Cychnis bears a fringe of close-set
spinules. In a male Platymis angusfatns or a male Pterostichus
ater this fringe is strongly arcuate, concave to the margin. The
fringe does not mark an emargination, however, for the apex is
entire beneath the fringe. In a male of Pterostichus lucuhlandiis
the feature is most strongly developed. In that species it is further
removed from the apex, straight and free at both ends. In the
males of the subgenus Cyrtonotus of the genus Amara the interior
face of the intermediate tibise is dentate or bisinuate; in the males
of the genus Discoderns the tibise are strongly arcuate and denticu-
late within.

The tarsi in the Carabidse are five-jointed and the last joint bears
two claws at its apex. The first joint is always the longest, but in
the Harpalinse unisetosse the difference between the first and second
joints is sometimes not very great. In Onota floridana, on the other
hand, the first joint of the posterior is equal in length to the next
four. The tarsi of the posterior legs are always the longest and

March, 1920.] XOTMAX : LeGS IN THE CaRAEID-I:. 87

those of the anterior the shortest. In the majority of the species
the first joint is equal in length to the next two or three. The first
is always wider at the base than the others. The joints of the ante-
rior tarsi are more or less flattened and triangular in form and the
joints of the posterior more or less cylindrical, excepting the tribe
Dapti and the genus Agonodcrus.

The fourth joint throughout the family is rarely more than
slightly longer than wide, even in such long-legged species as Scaphi-
notus angusticolUs, Platynus caiidatus or Platynus angustatus. The
genera Laclinocrcpis and Oodcs are exceptions. The legs in these
genera are only moderately long, yet the fourth joint is distinctly
elongate. In the subfamily Carabinae, except in the genus Prome-
cognathus and the Harpalid genera Nomiiis, Psydrus, Morio, Bem-
hidinm, TacJiys and Trechns, the fourth tarsal joint is not emarginate
at apex. In the remaining genera the fourth joint at least is always
more or less emarginate. In Agonodenis the fourth joint of the
anterior tarsi only is emarginate, but usually the fourth joint of the
posterior tarsi is not perceptibly less emarginate than that of the
anterior.

In the males of the genus Ptcrostichiis the first joint of the ante-
rior tarsi is nearly as strongly emarginate as the fourth and the third
is the least sti^ongly emarginate. Elsewhere the third joint is some-
times very slightly emarginate in addition to the fourth, but the
second and first are always truncate. In many genera of the Lebiini
and the genus Stenolophus the fourth joint is bilobed; in Stcnolophus
only in the anterior and intermediate legs.

In the males of most of the genera of the family, the anterior
tarsi have one or more dilated joints bearing squamulose hairs be-
neath. In Omophron the first joint only is dilated. In Bemhidiiim
and Tachys the first two Joints are dilated. In most of the genera
the first three joints are dilated. In Tachycellus the first dilated
joint is slightly narrower than the second; in Anisodactylus it is still
narrower; in the other genera the first is equal in width to or wider
than the second joint. In the tribe Dapti and the genus Agonoderus
the anterior tarsi are similar in both sexes. In the Cychrini, omit-
ting the genus Sphccroderus, and in the genus Platynus the anterior
tarsal joints of the male are very slightly dilated.

In the genera Bcmhidium, Tachys and Loxandrus the inner angles

88 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

of two or three of the dilated basal joints are toothed or prolonged.
In these species the squamules beneath are arranged symmetrically
with the axis of the leg. In Galerita the angles are similarly pro-
longed and the two series of squamules beneath are directed toward
the prolonged angle. The structure is similar in Lebia grandis, but
in Lebia pulchella and furcata the joints are symmetrical, yet in these
species also the double series of squamules is directed toward the
inner angles of the joints.

Although the intermediate tibise are more strongly sculptured than
the posterior, yet the reverse is the case in the tarsi. The sculpture
of the tarsi, which is found in a few genera only, consists of longi-
tudinal grooves, sometimes with an intervening carina. These are
most highly developed in Platynus funebris, in which all the tarsal
joints on the three pairs of legs are strongly grooved. Usually the
anterior tarsi are ungrooved. In Pterostichiis hicublandns all the
tarsal joints of the posterior legs are grooved, but only the first three
on the intermediate legs. In Pterostichiis ma^stns or patrnelis the
first three joints of the posterior tarsi are grooved and the first two
of the intermediate. However, when only the first or the first and
second joints of the posterior tarsi are grooved, the same are grooved
on the intermediate. In Pterostichiis coracimis the first two joints
are grooved on both pairs; in Amara subcvnea the first one only.

The anterior trochanter and femur have setae bearing punctures
on them which are often arranged in a distinct order. The tro-
chanter invariably carries one seta on the under side near the femoral
joint. The setae on the femur are usually disposed in longitudinal
rows, often more or less irregular or indistinct. They are most
strongly developed in the genus Calosoma. In that genus there is
a longitudinal row of setse-bearing punctures on the anterior and
posterior faces a little below the middle. The rows are about equal
in numbers, varying from nine to twenty-nine. The row on the
posterior face is continuous. It starts at the basal edge of the
femur. The row on the anterior face is interrupted at about the
basal one fourth. The punctures between the break and the basal
edge are usually four or five in number and are arranged in an
irregular group. An irregular group is rarely found on the other
side of the break at the basal end of the row. In Pasimachns there
is an irregular group of about six punctures on the anterior face

March, 19^0.] XOTMAN : LeGS IX THi: CaRAUID.Ii. 89

near the apex ; on the posterior face there are one or two large punc-
tures very close to the l)asal edge. These latter punctures are found
in Scarites, DyscJiirius, Clivina and Aspidoglossa. In Anisodactylus
piccus there is an irregular group of eight to ten punctures near the
apex on the anterior face. In other species of Anisodactylus there
is a more or less distinct transverse row of three to four in this posi-
tion. In Cratacanthus the row is more distinct.

In Clivina, Aspidoglossa and Schizogcnins there is one large
puncture at the middle of the posterior face.

In most of the genera the punctures of the posterior face are the
more distinct. They are one at ahout the basal fourth at or below
the middle; one at the middle at or near the lower edge; one at the
apical fourth at or above the middle.

In Calatluis and a number of genera in the Lebiini the tarsal
claws are ])ectinate or serrate and in Sclii:zogcnius there is an ap-
pendage between the claws which may be comparable to similar
appendages in other orders of insects.

The anterior or terminal spurs of the anterior tibice exhibit modi-
fications in form in a number of the genera. They are slender and
frequently straight in Bcmhidinm, but elsew^here are more often
thickened at base with a curved acuminate apex. In O'odes cuprccns
or elegans the apex is strongly curved. In some species of Aniso-
dactylus and Amara the spurs are trifid; in other species of Aniso-
dactylus they are dilated at base; and in others they are simple,
moderately slender and nearly straight. In the Lebiini the spurs in
the genera Cyniindis and Apencs are moderately large; in Tetra-
gonoderus and Nemotarsns they are long and slender; in the other
genera they are very small and straight. They are also straight
and slender in Brachynus.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Necrophorus Guttula Motsch and its color Varieties. — In his
"Monograph of the North American Silphidre," published in Trans.
American Entomo, Soc, Vol. VIII, October, 1880, page 232. Dr.
George Horn says regarding Necrophorus guttula Motsch. " The
color of the elytra is extremely variable in this species, in the typical

90 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

form {gutHila) the elytra are entirely black, excepting a small sub-
humeral red spot. ... A variety of this form also occurs with a
red spot on the elytra posteriorly." As this variety is at present
unnamed and hence may cause confusion, I propose for it the name
Van Dykei, in honor of Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke, who first sent me
specimens of this insect. Another form not previously described
also occurs with four red spots on the elytra, two on each elytron.
For this form I propose the name quadriguttata to distinguish it
from hecate Bland, the form with banded elytra. — John W. Angell.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Minutes of December i6.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held
in the American Museum of Natural History at 8:00 P.M., on December 16,
1919, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with fifteen members present.

Mr. Leng presented a photograph of Dr. David Sharp.

Mr. Comstock read a paper " Notes on Lepidoptera " which will be printed
elsewhere.

Mr. Davis, under the title " Notes from Virginia," recalled his visit in
June, 1919, to the home of Col. Wirt Robinson, at Wingina, and the pleasant
rambles they had together through Nelson and Buckingham counties. Mingled
with recollections of the people they had met and the general natural history
they observed were many entomological notes. Among the beetles seen were
Ptosima gibhicollis on red-bud, Prionus laticollis active, though a quarter of
her abdomen was gone, Cicindela unipunctata along a path in the woods,
Phengodes larva eating a millipede and Arthromacra robinsoni, which, Mr.
Davis noted, appears to have a very limited distribution ; among the butter-
flies were Chlorippe celtis, Papilio turnus black variety and very large, and
Eudamus cellus, found almost exactly where it occurred in 191 7. On June 27
the first specimens of Cicindela rufiventris were seen. This constitutes a defi-
nite date of appearance as the species had been diligently sought on previous
dates. Of the cicadas, Mr. Davis noted Tibicen pruinosa, T. lyricen, T. sayi,
T. davisi and the Orthopteron, Atlanticus davisi, so that both he and Col. Rob-
inson were catching namesakes. He had interesting experiences also in cours-
ing honeybees and in capturing dragonflies including the rare species Neuro-
cordiilia obsoleta. Mr. Davis illustrated his account of his visit by maps,
photographs and four large boxes of the insects of all orders that he had
captured.

March, 19^0.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 91

Mr. Burns contributed the following note on a Diopsid Fly on Staten
Island : Sphyracephala brevicornis Say has been taken in a number of locali-
ties, but every occurrence of this rare fly should be noted. One specimen was
taken near Richmond, S. I., New York, on May 22, 19 19, by sweeping skunk
cabbage along the borders of a brook.

Minutes of January 6.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held
at 8:00 P.M., on January 6, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members and two
visitors, Mr. E. A. Chapin and Miss Campbell, present.

The Nominating Committee reported the following nominations for officers
for 1920: President, L. B. Woodruff; Vice-President, J. D. Sherman, Jr.;
Secretary, Chas. W. Leng ; Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis ; Librarian, Frank E.
Watson; Curator, A. J. Mutchler; Executive Committee, H. G. Barber, Jos.
Bequaert, Geo. P. Engelhardt, H. B. Weiss, C. E. Olsen ; Publication, Howard
Notman, W, P. Comstock, F. E. Lutz, Chas. Schaeffcr; Delegate to Neiv York
Academy of Sciences, W. T. Davis. There being no other nominations, the
Secretary was instructed to cast one affirmative ballot.

Letters from W. C. Dukes, Mobile, Ala., and Rev. H. I. J. Bodley, of
Australia, were read.

Dr. Howard's election as president A. A. A. S. was noted, also his election
as president of the Entomological Society of America.

A photograph of Mr. Woodruff was presented.

Dr. Bequaert spoke on " Predaceous Enemies of Ants," including other
insects, toads, birds, mammals, showing specimens and photographs. His paper
will later be printed in full.

It was discussed by Messrs. Comstock, Hallinan, Davis and Weiss.

Mr. Leng read some extracts from the Bulletin of the Entomological So-
ciety of France, of 50 years ago, showing similarity between their meetings
and our own.

Mr. Chapin spoke of there being possibly too much importance attached
to human tastes in studying insects, for it was rash to assume that our tastes
and those of insects were identical.

Mr. Woodruff exhibited Telephorus carolinus and the newly described al-
lied species T. neglectus Fall, pointing out the differences in size and antennal
structure. The specimens of neglectus came from L. L

Minutes of January 20.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held
at 8 :oo P.M., on January 20, in the American Museum of Natural History,
President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members and three
visitors present, including Professor H. C. Fall.

Mr. .•Kdolf Rccht, 430 E. 67th St.. was elected a member.

92 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxviii.

Mr. Bischoff exhibited his collection on the genera Phytonomus and
Ceutorhynchus, calling attention especially to his capture of Phytoywmus
exitnius at Caldwell, N. J., where it was abundant on leaves of water dock.
He pointed out also how certain species of both genera were found only in
low ground and some that feed on plants of low growth cannot usually be
taken by sweeping as the net passes over such plants.

Dr. Sturtevant exhibited living specimens of various species of Drosophila
with enlarged colored drawings of each and discussed the distribution espe-
cially of introduced species, saying in part : " There are many species of ani-
mals that are ' weed-like,' in that they are much commoner about houses or
stables than in woods or remote places. These forms are usually widely dis-
tributed, and are in general open to suspicion of being introduced species. In
the Dipterous genus Drosophila there are, in this region, seven such species.
Five of these {D. funebris, D. busckii, D. melanogaster, D. repleta, and an
undescribed species) are cosmopolitan or nearly so. Of these, D. funebris was
the only one known from this country to Loew, Say, Harris or Fitch. The
other four have probably been introduced since the time of these entomologists.
The earliest dates for this region and for the rest of the world with respect to
these five species were discussed, as throw-ing light on the possible sources
from which they might have come. The other two Nearctic ' weed-like '
species, both undescribed, range from New England to South America, and
have probably been introduced from the American tropics. All these species
breed on fruit or on decaying vegetable material, s-o that they might easily have
been accidentally imported. In fact, there can be no doubt that some of
these, as well as at least four other species common in the tropics about
fruit, especially bananas, are constantly being imported.- The four last men-
tioned tropical species have never been taken in the northern states, though
two of them are established in southern Florida. Apparently they are unable
to thrive in a region where the winters are cold."

Mr. Notman exhibited new species of Bembidion, found last summer in
the Adirondacks at elevated places near Mr. Marcy, describing especially the
beaver meadows in which he has collected and the characters of the new
species and their nearest allies. These descriptions will be printed in the
Journal.

Mr. Fall, present as a visitor, referred to previous taxonomic work in the
genus Bembidion, and the danger of working from uniques or small series,
especially if previously described forms were not recognized.

Mr. Davis and Dr. Bequaert referred to much successful taxonomy having
been done under such conditions.

Mr. Davis read an interesting letter from our member, L. R. Reynolds,
now in Mexico, and Mr. Sherman spoke also of Mr. Reynolds' letters to him.

Mr. Weiss distributed specimens of Rhipidandrus paradoxus, which he
had bred from fungus.

Mr. Fall spoke briefly of the work he was doing in the genus Hydroporus.

March, 1920. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 93

Minutes of February 3.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held
at 8:00 P.M., on February 3, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members present.

Mr. Notman, as chairman of the Publication Committee, reported the
resignation of Charles Schaeffer as editor and his own election as his suc-
cessor.

On motion of Mr. Leng, the Society recorded a vote of thanks to Mr.
Schaeffer for his long years of service and splendid results.

Letters from Dr. Walther Horn and Colonel Casey were read.

Mr. Weiss read a paper on " Coleoptera of the Evening Primrose " which
will be published elsewhere. He showed the adults and larvae and their work.

Mr. Bischoff exhibited " Local Species of Anthonomus," 21 already listed
in " Insects of X. J." and five additional, viz. : A. rufipennis, A. likensis, A.
molochinns, A. hamameUdis, A. robinsoni. He gave also copious notes on the
conditions under which each species was found.

Dr. Lutz read some extracts from " Philippine Wasp Studies " by F. X.
Williams, being Bull. 14, Report of work of the Exp. Sta. Hawaiian Sugar
Planters Association, praising it highly.

Dr. Bequaert also praised the work, referring particularly to the interest-
ing account of Stenogaster and the evidence adduced that wasps learn some-
thiniz by personal excerience.

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organued June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each montt
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum or
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, $3.00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

Officers for the Year 1920.

President, L. B. WOODRUFF 14 East 68th Street, New York.

Vice-Fresidttit, JOHN D. SHERMAN, Jr Mount Vernon, N. Y.

Secretary, CHAS. W. LENO 33 Murray St., New York,

Tr^.j^Mr/r, \VM. T. D.VVIS 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton,

Staten Island, N. Y.

Z.»/i/-rtrijw, FRANK E. \V.\TSON American Museum of Natural History

New York

Curator, A J. MUTCHI.ER. . . American Museum of Natural History, New York.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

H. G. Barber, Geo. P. Engelhardt, II. B. Weiss.

Jos. Bequaert, C. E Olsen,

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

F. E. LuTZ, W. P. COMSTOCK, Howard Notman,

Chas. Schaeffer.

AUDITING COMMITTEE.

G. W. J. Angei.i., H. B. Wieomann, 1 1. Notman

FIELD COMMITTEE.

A. S. NicoLAY, Jos. Bequaert.

delegate to the n. y. academy of sciexces
William T. Davis.

vJOURN A.!.

Published quarterly by the Society, at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster
Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
shoild be sent to the Publication Committee, New York Entomological
Society, American Museum of Natural History, New York City; all
subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis, 146 Stuyvesant Place, New
Brighton, Staten Is., New York, and all books and pamphlets to the
Librarian, Frank E. Watson, American Museum of Natural History,
New York City. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per year, stiictly in ad-
vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts oayable to
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
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One cent additional for each half-tone print. Covers on same paper
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for each additional cover.

Vol. XXVIII.

No. 2.

JOUR N AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society

H)ev>ote^ to lEntomoloap in (Bcncral.

JUNE, 1920.

Edited by HOWARD NOTMAN

Publication Committee.

HOWAKU NOTMAN F. E. LuTZ.

\V. P. CoMSTocK. Charles Schakfprr

Publistied Quarterly by the Society.
LANCASTKR, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1920

f Entered April 2t, 1904,31 I,a' castrr, Pa. . as second -claj» matter nnrler Art ol Congreisot July :6, 18.^4 )

THE NEW ERA PRINT

CONTENTS

North American Cicadas belonging to the Genera Platypedia and
Melampsalta. By wm. t. Davis . ... 95

The Group Traches in North America. Part I. The Genera
Pachyschelus and Taphrocerus. By Alan s. Nicoi.ay and

Hakry B. Wei.ss 136

Notes on two little known wood-boring Beetles. Chrysobothris
sylvania Fall and Melasis rufipennis Horn. (Buprestidae,
Elateridae.) By w. j. chambekun 151

Description of Orchestina saltitans Banks. (Arachnida.) By

Alexander Petrunkevitch, Ph.D. . . ... 157

Some new Rhynchophora from Eastern North America with Ad-
ditions to and Corrections of the " Rhynchophora of North-
eastern America." By w. s. Blatchley ... 161

Coleoptera collected at Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., 26 May to
5 June, 1918, with Notes and Descriptions. By Howard

NOTMAN .... .... 178

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 194

JOURNAL

OF THE

pptD ]9oFh €!nl'QnioIogirflI ^oriFJ^g.

Vol. XXVIII. JUNE, 1920 No. 2

NORTH AMERICAN CICADAS BELONGING TO THE
GENERA PLATYPEDIA AND MELAMPSALTA.

By Wm. T. Davis,
New Brighton, Staten Islaxd, N. Y.

The genus Platypcdia was described by Uhler in Entomologica
Americana, Vol. IV, p. 23, April, 1888, and Cicada arcolata Uhler,
1861, and Cicada pntiiaiiii Uhler, 1877, were cited as belonging to the
group. The original description of the genus is as follows : " Elon-
gate, acutely tapering posteriorly, with a sub-carinate ridge on the
tergum, extending from near the base to beyond the middle ; wing-
covers when at rest almost vertical. Head bluntly triangular, hirsute,
the vertex gently sloping, almost as long as the pronotum, with the
transverse sulcus deep and direct, not triangularly parted; the an-
terior ocellus placed in a longitudinal groove, which latter is con-
tinued upon the turmid front ; front quite prominent, strongly convex ;
exterior cheeks long and narrow ; supra-antennal plates narrow, thick,
bounded each side by a notch. Pronotum short, moderately hirsute,
with the dorsal surface feebly convex, not corrugated, but with two
oblique grooves each side, the lateral margins almost straight, with
the anterior angles feebly reflexed, and the posterior angles narrowly,
but abruptly turned up; epipleural flaps as long as the pronotum,
broadly crescentiform, but a little triangularly produced obliquely
backwards and downwards. Anterior femora short and stout, swollen
in the middle, grooved on the outside near the tip. Wing-covers wide,
strongly bowed on the costal margin, the areoles large and mostly

!)5

96 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- xxviii

wide, basal areole oblong, the radial areole occupying more than one-
half the length of the wing-cover, the second ulnar areole short, wide,
almost triangular; the apical areoles narrow, and the third, fourth,
and sixth of equal length, with their inner tip triangular, while the
inner end of the second, fifth, and seventh is truncated; wings narrow,
not reaching as far as the tip of the discoidal areole of the hemelytra,
with the anal-flaps broadly rounded, and separated by a deep emar-
gination from the other member of the wing. Anal segment of both
sexes narrow and compressed, acutely tapering, with the ovipositor
of the female almost enclosed therein. Sonorous valves of the male
rudimentary, inconspicuous."

To the .above description may be added that owing to the great
length of the radial cell the node is much nearer the end of the fore
wing than in any other genus of North American Cicadas. In Platy-
pedia, as in Clidophleps, Okanagana, Okanagodcs and Tibicinoides,
the metanotum is conspicuous behind the mesonotum, and the uncus
cannot be withdrawn into the abdomen.

In August, 1888, Uhler described Platypodia minor m Entomologica
Americana, which made the third species of the genus. Then fol-'
lowed three more, namely aperta, intermedia and ampliata, described
by Mr. Edward P. Van Duzee in 1915 in the Journal of the N. Y.
Entomological Society.

In his Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera, Part i, CicadidcT, 1906,
W. L. Distant designated areolata as the type of the genus and places
putnami as a synonym of that species. He recognizes minor as a
valid species. In the Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North
of Mexico, 1917, iMr. Van Duzee lists the six species mentioned above,
and gives areolata as the logotype of the genus.

As far as known no species of Platypedia occur east of the Missis-
sippi River, but from western Nebraska and Colorado westward to
the Pacific, and southward to the Rio Grande there are at least ten
species, and two species in the allied genus Neoplatypedia. In the
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol. XII, pp. 1-12,
1919, Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke has an article on The Distribution of
Insects in Western North America, and an examination of the locali-
ties given for several species of Cicadas mentioned in this paper, sug-
gests that some are confined to the faunal areas defined in the article

June, T920.] DaVIS : XoRTII A.MERICAX CiCADAS. 97

referred to. In time, as more is learned concerning- the distribution
of Cicadas, this will no doubt prove to be the case.

In the following pages each species is considered separately, and
all specimens mentioned are in the writer's collection unless otherwise
stated. I am under obligations to a number of entomologists and
various institutions for the privilege of examining specimens, or for
material received, and acknowledgment is made in connection with
the notes on each species.

A useful table for tlie determination of several of the species of
Platyf^cdia will be found in Mr. Van Duzee's Preliminary Review of
the West Coast Cicadidc'e, Journal N. Y. Entomological Society, Vol.
XXIII, March, 191 5. That author makes the helpful statement that,
■' Normally all our species of Platypcdia have the following pale
markings : Sides of the face, supra-antennal plates in part, median
line and hind edge of the pronotum, hind margin of the metanotum
including the posterior one half of the elevated X> the costal nervure
as far as the node and tlie propleura superiorly."

We would like again to emphasize the importance of stretching
the specimens, or at least the two wings on the left hand side of the
body, so that the characters can be more plainly seen. Tlie mem-
branes at the base of the wings in Platypcdia and N'coplatypcdia are
often colored in a manner useful in the determination of species, and
this character can hardly be seen when the wings are closed. The
reproduced photographs on the plate accompanying this article serve
to illustrate the size, venation, and general shape of wings and body,
but they do not show the often very beautiful and strikingly con-
trasted colors exhibited by some of the species.

Key to the Genera .\nd Species of Platvpedia and Neoplatvpedia.

.\pical cells of fore wing eight ; costal vein of fore wings evenly curved except
in Platypcdia barbata, where it is somewhat suddenly bent. A ventral view
chows the underside of the abdomen not hidden by the closed winijs.

Platypcdia Uhler.

Apical cells of fore wing seven ; costal vein of fore wings expanded and con-
spicuously bent beyond the middle of the radial cell. In ventral view the
apical portion of the underside of the abdomen is hidden if the wings are
closed Neoplatypedia new genus.

98 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Vol. xxyiii.

Genus Platypedia Uhler.
A. Fore wings more than twice as long as broad.

B. Large, expanding 40 millimeters or over; uncus when viewed from
above long and narrow.
C. Head narrow across eyes with front strongly produced.

D. Uncus viewed in profile very thin and flattened at the extremity.
Body black, head and thorax dull, abdomen shining, reflec-
tions bluish black; fore femora entirely black, pale at ex-
tremities ; membranes at base of fore wings orange. Ex-
pands about 44 millimeters. Occurs in Arizona, Colorado,

New Mexico mohavensis new species.

DD. Uncus viewed in profile slightly arched above, sinuate beneath,
extremity not flattened as in mohavensis.
Body blue black, particularly the head and thorax; fore
femora chestnut colored above, paler at extremities ; mem-
branes at base of fore wings bright orange. Expends about
40 millimeters. Occurs in California. . .rufipes new species.
CC. Head broader across the eyes with front not as strongly produced.
Uncus viewed in profile arched at top, the arch extending to
the extremity, which is thickened ; uncus also deepened near
the base in typical putnanii and areolata.
E. Body black with bluish reflections especially on the pronotum
and mesonotum. Fore femora in mature individuals en-
tirely black, pale at extremities, except in variety occiden-
talis of piitnami which has chestnut colored fore femora.
Vein separating radial cell from ulnar cells black through-
out its length in mature individuals.
Costal margin of fore wings to end of radial cell brilliant
orange ; membranes at base of fore wings bright orange or
blood red. Uncus viewed in profile with distal two thirds
of lower line not straight, but curved so that the extremity
sometimes appears bent downward. Expands about 50 milli-
meters. Occurs in Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ne-
vada, California putnami (Uhler).

Body blue-black and marked as in typical putnami except the
legs which are pale, the fore femora not blackened above,
and the other legs also almost wholly chestnut colored.
Occurs in western California.

putnami var. occidentalis new variety.
Body blue black but duller than in putnami. Costal margin
of fore wings to end of radial cell, and membranes at base
of fore wings orange. Expands about 53 millimeters. Oc-
curs in Utah, Montana, Arizona, Wyoming.

putnami var. lutea new variety.

June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTH AMERICAN CiCADAS. 99

Body almost black, bluish reflections faint. Membranes at
base of fore wings pale, often almost white. Uncus
viewed in profile arched at top, and usually with distal two
thirds of lower line but slightly curved. Expands from 48
to 54 millimeters. Northern California, Oregon.

putnami var. keddiensis new variety.
EE. Body black with brassy or greenish reflections. Fore femora
almost entirely chestnut colored. Membranes at base of
fore wings pale, often almost white. Vein separating radial
cell from ulnar cells usually pale throughout its length.
Uncus viewed in profile arched at top, distal two thirds of
lower line not straight but curved so that the extremity
sometimes appears bent downward. Front of head usually
quite hairy. Expands from 48 to 54 millimeters. Occurs
in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California,

Idaho, Montana areolata (Uhler).

Uncus viewed in profile arched at top but more suddenly
declivitous near the tip than in areolata ; distal two thirds
of lower line straight or nearly so with a subapical sinu-
ation. Veins of fore wings almost entirely pale, except
those surrounding the first and second ulnar areas, and the
first seven apical areas, which are black or nearly so.
Expands from 40 to 44 millimeters. Occurs in California.

similis new species.

Uncus when viewed in profile evenly arched at top, and with

lower line straight for part of its length before the hooked

extremity. Hairs on front of head long and conspicuous.

Costal margin of fore wings chestnut colored. Expands 45

millimeters. Occurs in Texas falcata new species.

BB. Small, expanding about 38 millimeters ; uncus when viewed from above

broadly ovate. Fore wing 17 X 6.5 mm.

Uncus when viewed from above '" nearly as broad as long, with its

apex subacute." Last ventral segment in female with notch broadly

V-shaped. Membranes at base of fore wings pale orange. Expands

about 38 millimeters. Occurs in California aperta Van Duzee.

AA. Fore wings much broader, the breadth being equal to about one half the
distance from the basal cell to the apex of the wing.
Uncus when viewed from above broadly lanceolate and subacute at apex,
its width almost half the length. Last ventral segment in female with
notch more narrowly V-shaped than in aperta. Membranes at base of
fore wings orange. Expands about 36 millimeters. Occurs in California

and Nevada vanduzeei new species.

Uncus when viewed from above long and slender ; seen in profile nearly
straight below, arched above. Last ventral segment in female with notch

100

TouRXAL New York Entomological Society. LVoi.xxviiL

V-shaped. Membranes at base of fore wings almost white. Fore wings
proportionately broader than in vanduzeei. Expands about 41 milli-
meters. Occurs in California, Nevada, Colorado minor Uhler.

Uncus when viewed from above narrow ; when seen in profile somewhat
resembling in shape that of pufnami. Last ventral segment in female
with notch U-shaped. Costal margin of fore wing slightly bent near the
end of the radial cell. Membranes at base of fore wings red. Expands
about 38 millimeters. Occurs in California barbata new species.

Platypedia mohavensis new species. Plate V, fig. i.

Type male and allotype female, from Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co.,
Arizona, 19 19 (J. A. Crosby). Davis collection.

Resembles Platypedia putnami, but is much slimmer, has a narrower head,
and very protruding front. The uncus in putnami is large and has a dorsal
ridge extending to the thick rounded point ; in mohavensis it is much smaller,
the dorsal ridge is low or almost absent, and does not extend to the thin and
flattened rounded extremity. Last ventral segment of the male narrow and
rounded at apex; valve not as long as in putnami, but of the same general
shape. Last ventral segment in the female with the notch narrower than in

Platypedia mohavensis

putnami, which results in the extremities on each side of the notch being
much more broadly rounded.

The body is dull blue-black covered in greater part with white hairs, which
are particularly long behind the eyes, about the mesonotal X, and especially
so beneath. The following markings are orange : supira-antennal plates in
part, a small dot at the base of the vertex continued as a median line on the
pronotum, which, however, does not reach the orange colored hind margin or
collar; hind margin of the mesonotum including only part of the mesonotal X,
and hind margin of the metanotum. Membrane at base of fore wings orange,
also the costal margin to end of radial cell,- remainder of venation black or
nearly so. Veins of the hind wings pale except about the apical cells. The

June, 1920.]

Davis: Xortii American Cicadas.

101

femora are blackened above in the middle and hind legs except at the extremi-
ties, while in the fore legs they are entirely black except at the extremities.
The niercanthi arc long and pointed, orange in color.

Me.^surements i.\ Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 21 19

Width of head across eyes 5 5

Expanse of fore wings 45 45

Length of valve 5-5

In addition to the type and allotype there have been examined
twenty-nine males and twenty-nine females from Trumble Mountain,
Mohave Co.. Arizona, collected by Mr. J. A. Crosby in the spring or
early summer of 1919. In this long series the colors are exactly as
in the type and allotype.

Stockton. Utah, May, 1916. male (Tom Spalding).

Bondad. Colorado, June 2.y, 1919. about 6,100 ft., male -and three
females (Dr. F. E. Lutz), collection American Museum of Natural
History.

Chaves, New ^Mexico, female (from Prof. H. F. W'ickham).

Platypedia -rufipes

In the Utah, Colorado and New Mexico specimens, the color at
the base of both pairs of wings is of a slightly darker orange than in
the types.

Platypedia rufipes new species. Plate V, fig. 2.

Type male and allotype female, from Los Angeles Co., California, May
(Coquillett). Collection U. S. National Museum.

102 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, [^'oi- xxviii.

Resembles Platypedia luoliavensis in having a relatively small head and
protruding front. The uncus is bent downward at the extremity, slightly
ridged on the dorsal surface; when seen in profile the lower line is sinuate and
the basal third is without the deepened area to be found in putnami and
areolata. Last ventral segment of the male rounded at apex ; valve shorter
and more robust than in mohavensis. Last ventral segment in the female with
the notch somewhat U-shaped and in form about as in mohavensis, that is not
as broadly open as in areolata and putnami. The pale markings of the body
are those common to the genus, as already mentioned. In iiwJiavensis the
venation of the fore wings is almost entirely black except the costal margin to
the end of the radial area, while in the present species the vein separating the
ulnar areas from the radial area is orange ; the veins surrounding the last two
ulnar areas are also almost wholly orange, while the veins surrounding the
marginal areas are nearly all black. The membranes at the base of the fore
wings are bright orange. The venation of the hind wings is pale, except about
the marginal areas, where it is nearly entirely black.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 18.5 17.5

Width of head across eyes 5 5.25

Expanse of fore wings 40 42

Length of valve 3.5

In addition to the type and allotype five females have been ex-
amined, collected in Los Angeles Co., California, May (Coquillett).

In the collection of the California Academy of Sciences there is a
large male with wings expanding 52 millimeters, from Bear Lake,
San Bernardino Mts., California, May 17, 1919 (J. O. ^Martin), that
is considered here on account of the form of the uncus which resem-
bles that of the type of nifipcs except that it is much straighter along
the lower line. The front of the head is prominent ; the fore femora
are chestnut colored, darkened beneath ; femora of middle and hind
pairs of legs striped with black; tibiae blackened at the basal joints.
The fore wings have the costal margin bright orange to the end of
the radial cell, but the remainder of the venation is darker than in the
seven specimens of nifipcs. This insect may belong to a distinct
species.

Platypedia putnami (Uhler). Plate V, fig. 3.

1877. Cicada putnami Uhler, Bulletin \]. S'. Geological and Geographical
Survey of the Territories, iii, p. 455.

June, 1920.]

Davis: North American' Cicadas.

103

The original description of this species states that the head, pro-
notum and mesonotum are " blue-black " ; the " hemelytra and wings
hyaline . . . base, tegulse. and costal nervures orange, the latter long
and broadly arcuated ; the marginal nervure beyond the anastomosis
and all the other nervules blackish-piceous." The legs are described
as having the " femora broadly black on the upper, fore, and hinder
sides; the anterior pair also black on the under side." "'Length to
end of genital sheath 21 millimeters; to tip of closed hemeKtra 26
millimeters." In Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 23, April,
1888. Uhler says of pntnami: "This species is generally of a bright
steel blue color, distinctly marked with brilliant orange. It has been
taken at Ogden, Utah, in Clear Creek Canyon, Col., and in several
parts of the mountainous regions of Xevada." In the original de-
scription the types are said to have been " collected in the vicinity of
Clear Creek, Colorado, by Mr. J. Duncan Putnam." The male figured

m

Platypedia putnami

on our plate came from Clear Creek Canyon. Colorado, about thirty-
five miles west of Denver, from which Uhler's types also came.
A male labeled '' Platypedia putnami Uhler. Clear Creek. Col.," is
in the Uhler collection, U. S. National Museum, and is. no doubt,
one of the specimens from which the original description was made.
A female from Ogden, Utah, is also in the Uhler collection and is
probably the one referred to by him in 1888 as mentioned above. We,
however, regard this as belonging to variety liitea.

104 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxviii.

Specimens have been examined as follows : Colorado. — Clear
Creek, male and female (Oslar). Chimney Gulch, Golden, 7,500 ft.,
three males, four females without date, and male and female July i,
1913 (Oslar). Bear Creek, Morrison. July 2'j, 1913, male and female
(Oslar). Platte Cai]yon, 8,000 ft., July 10, 1913, male and five females
(Oslar). Golden, June 26, 19 11, male (E. A. Frost). Alamosa, June
21, 1912, male and three females (Oslar). Durango, May 27, 1912,
male; June 3, 1912, female; June 10, 19 12,. male, and three males, two
females without date (Oslar). Some of the specimens from Alamosa
and Durango may be immature ; the wings are not as clear as usual
and the fore femora are not as black except in one male.

The following Colorado specimens are in the United States Na-
tional Museum: Fort Collins, June 16, 1899, n^ale; Canon City, male
(Wickham) ; Chimney Gulch, May 13, 1901, female (Dyar and Cau-
dell) ; Platte Canyon, May 25, 1901, female, and June i, 1901, female
(Dyar and Caudell) ; Boulder, June 3, 1901, male and female (Dyar
and Caudell) ; Golden, June 5, 1901, female (Dyar and Caudell) ; Mill
Gulch, Platte Canyon, May 30, 1919, male and four females (L. O.
Jackson). In the collection of the Academy Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia there is a specimen from Manitou, July i.

In the American Museum of Natural History are the following
Colorado specimens collected by Dr. Frank E. Lutz : Starkville, June
13, 1919, about 6,800 ft., thirteen males, nine females; Pagosa Springs,
June 21-23, 19^9) about 7.500 ft., male; Bondad, June 27, 1919, about
6,100 ft., male, two females; Mesa Verde, July 3-7, 19 19, about 7,300
ft., three males, three females. Dr. Lutz noted in connection with
those collected at Starkville, that their song was a '' clicking sound ;
about eight clicks, rapid at first, but slowing."

Nebraska. — Hat Creek Valley, Sioux Co., July, 1896, two males,
two females (H. G. Barber), Davis collection, and two males, three
females collected at the same place and time, H. G. Barber collection.
Squaw Canyon. Sioux Co., June, 1896 (Barber), H. G. Barber col-
lection. Mr. Barber writes that there were great numbers of putnami
in western Nebraska where he collected in 1896. Monroe Canyon,
Sioux Co., June, 191 1, male and two females (R. W. Dawson). War
Bonnet Canyon, Sioux Co., May 20, 1901, two males (L. Bruner),
and June 2/, 191 1, three females (R. W. Dawson). Including those

June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. 105

just mentioned I have seen ii8 specimens from Sioux Co. in the
northwest corner of Nebraska, 'kindly sent to me for examination
from the University of Nebraska. All show bluish reflections with
red-orange markings including the costa to the end of the radial cell.

Nevada. — Four females labeled '" Nevada " from collection Uni-
versity of ^linnesota. These are typical putnauii. In the Uhler col-
lection, U. S. National Museum, there are nine females and two males
labeled " Nevada" which also appear to be typical putnami.

New Mexico. — Jemez Springs, Sandoval County, 6.400 ft., col-
lected by John Woodgate, May, 1916, fifty-two males, thirty-eight
females; June, 1916, three males, five females; July, 1916, male and
two females at 7,500 ft.; June, 1917, female, and June 7, 1917, female
at 8.000 ft.; May, 1918, male; June, 1918, fifteen males, thirteen
females; July, 1918, female; ]\Iay, 1919, eight males, three females;
June. 1919, twenty-six males and fifty-nine females. In 1916 Mr.
\\'oodgate wrote " the cicadas of which I sent you so many specimens,
swarmed everywhere here this summer."' Cloudcroft, 9,000 ft.,
female (Warren Knaus). Box Canyon, June, 19 12, female. Four
miles southeast of Santa Fe, N. INI., on the old Sante Fe trail, 7,000
ft., on scrub pine and cedar, June 15, 19 18, male and three females
(Warren Knaus). Mr. Knaus writes: "The small species did not
attempt to fly, except an occasional short flight; did not sing, but made
a snap, snap, snap, snap, noise." Ft. Wingate, ]May 4, 1908 (John
Woodgate), collection Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

California. — Los Angeles County, two females without date (B.
Neubarth). These specimens have the legs somewhat lighter colored
than typical putnami. They expand 48 millimeters. In the absence
of male specimens they are doubtfully placed here.

Mr. J. Duncan Putnam, after whom this species was named, was
connected with the Davenport, Iowa, /\cademy of Natural Sciences,
and in the proceedings of that society. Vol. II, 1876-1878, "Cicada
putnami Uhler '' is figured on plate IV, figs. 2 and 3, male and female.
Figure 3 gives a side view with wings closed ; figure 4, with wings
expanded. It is stated that the figures were " Drawn and engraved
on stone by Herman Strecker." The figures are not accompanied
by any account of the species.

106 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

Platypedia putnami var. occidentalis new variety.

Type male and allotype female, Carrville, Trinity Co., California, June
21, 1913 (Dr. E. C. Van Dyke). Collection California Academy of Sciences.

This variety has the head and thorax blue-black, marked with brilliant
orange as in typical putnaiiii, but it is generally larger and has lighter colored
legs. The front femora are not shining black with extremities pale as is the
case with Nebraska, Colorado, Montana and New Mexico specimens of
putnami, but with the exception of being slightly darkened beneath, the femora
are entirely light chestnut colored or reddish orange. The fore wings have
slightly yellowish reflections; costal margin is brilliant orange to the end of
the radial cell, the remaining veins are black or nearly so, and the membranes
at base are brilliant orange.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 22.5 21

Width of head across eyes 6.5 6.5

Expanse of fore wings 49 54

Length of valve 6

Specimens of this variety have been examined from the western
part of California only. They are as follows : — Dunsmuir, Siskiyou
Co., July 20, female (Dyar and Caudell) ; Navarro, Mendocino Co.,
June 7, female (Behrens), collection United States National Museum.
Carrville, Trinity Co., June i, 1913, male, and June 3, 1913, female
(E, C. Van Dyke). Sonoma County, April, 1914, two females.
Marin County, two females in collection American Museum of
Natural History.

Platypedia putnami var. lutea new variety. Plate V, fig. 4.

Type male, State Canyon, Provo, Utah, July 7, 19 16 (Tom Spalding).
Davis collection.

Allotype female, State Canyon, Provo, Utah, July i, 1916 (Tom Spalding).
Davis collection.

This variety is blue-black but not so much so as in typical putnami, and has
the lighter markings orange-yellow instead of the brilliant orange or blood-red
of typical putnami. The fore femora are entirely black except the extremities,
as in putnami. In Colorado and western Nebraska the colors of putnami are
remarkable for their brilliancy, the membranes at the base of the fore wings
are often of a blood-red, while further west true putnami is replaced in cer-
tain areas as in Utah by the present variety with orange-yellow markings,
which contrast strongly with the somewhat dull blue-black of the greater part
of the body.

June, 1920.]

Davis: North American Cicadas.

107

03

PlATYFEDIA PUTNAMI VAI?. LUTEA

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 23 23

Width of head across eyes 6 7

Expanse of fore wings S3 59

Length of valve 6

In the Uhler Collection, U. S. National Museum, there is a male
of this variety from "Am. Fk. Can. Ut.. June 27,, 1891,'' laheled "P.
arcolata Uhl. Det. by Uhler," also a female of the same variety and
from the same place and collected at the same time, labeled " P. piit-
naml Uhl. Det. by Uhler." This goes to show that Uhler was un-
certain about the form which we have here called littca.

Other specimens examined are as follows:

Utah. — Ft. Douglas, July, two females (Prof. H. I*". Wickham).
Provo, June 4. 1910, two females; June 17, 1912, five males, one
female (Tom Spalding). State Canyon, Provo, July, 1916, thirteen
males, nine females; June 17, 1917, six males, two females; June,
1918, male (Tom Spalding). Stockton, May, 1916, female (Tom
Spalding). Kaysville, Davis Co., June 23. 191 2. two females (E. R.
Kalmbach). Bellevue, Washington Co., 4.000 ft., June, 19 17, male
and female (G. P. Engelhardt), Davis collection, and same locality
and date two males and a female, collection Museum Brooklyn Insti-
tute of Arts and Sciences. In the U. S. National Museum are the fol-
lowing:— Kamas. two females (H. E. Burke) ; Ogden. June 20, 1885,

108

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

male; "Utah," June i6, 1904, three females (S. L. Vail); Kaysville,
June 23, 1912, two males (E. R. Kalmbach).

Wyoming. — Bridger Basin, male and female, collection ^Museum
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Montana. — Gallatin Co., 5,000 ft., July 10, 1902, male (R. Berston),
IMontana Agri. Experiment Station.

Arizona. — Top of Grand Canyon, June 6. 1916, male and three fe-
males (G. P. Engelhardt). Mohave Co., 1919, male (J. A. Crosby).
Moran's Point, Grand Canyon, June, 1901, two females, collection
Am. Museum of Natural History. Grand Canyon, June 16, 1907,
7,000 ft., male (H. A. Kaeber), collection Academy Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. Williams, May 26-28, four males (Barber and
Schwarz), collection U. S. Nat. Museum.

Platypedia putnami var. keddiensis new variety.

Type male, Keddie, Plumas Co., California, May 16, 1919 (Mrs. Luman).
Davis collection.

Allotype female, Keddie, Plumas Co., California, June, 1918 (Frank Mor-
ton Jones). Davis collection.

The front femora in this variety are black, except the distal extremities,
and the vein separating the radial cell from the ulnar cells is black throughout
its length. It is a darker form than areolata and the reflections are slightly

m

PlATYPID/A putnami VA-R, KEDI1(£NS|S

bluish in color. The membranes at the Ijase of the fore wings are almost
white as in typical areolata, not orange as in variety lutea, and the costal
margin to the end of the radial cell shows a brownish tint, not the brilliant
orange or reddish-orange of putnami, or the clear orange of variety lutea

June, 1920.] Davis: Xortii Ami-ricax Cicadas. 109

frona Utah, Montana, and Arizona. The uncus approaches in shape that of
Platypedia siniilis from further south.

Me.\sl-rements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 2i 23

Width of head across eyes 6 6.5

Expanse of fore wings 49 52

Length of valve 5.5

In addition to the type and allotype the following specimens have
been examined, from California: — Keddie, Plumas Co., June 7, 1918,
female, June 24, 1918, female, June 28, 1918, female (Frank Morton
Jones) ; May 16, 1919, male (Mrs. Luman). Plumas County, June
14. 1913, female (F. W. Xunenmacher). Lassen County, June 5, 1913,
male (F. W. Nunenmacher).

In the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College, there is a
female labeled Corvallis. Oregon, July 8, 1896.

Platypedia areolata (Uhler). Plate V, fig. 5.

1 86 1. Cicada areolata Uhler. Proceedings Academy Xat. Sciences of
Philadelphia, xiii, p. 2S5.

In the original description the color is given as " black, with a
slightly aeneous tinge'"; the "eyes very prominent"; the " hemelytra

03

Platypedia areolata

broad, obtuse, dilated upon the costal margin to the tip of the first
marginal areolet, costa and two posterior longitudinal veins at base,
yellow, remainder of the veins piceous, veins of the wings yellow,

110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxviii

piceous at the tip, excepting the middle longitudinal one, which is
piceous almost to the base " ; the " legs orange, the anterior femora
black beneath " ; the " penis cover [uncus] is subfusiform, carinated
above, and with an interrupted groove exterior to the concave sulcus
present upon each side of the middle." The length is given as 21
millimeters, and the expanse as 50 millimeters. The type locality is
given as " east of Fort Colville in Washington Territory." In the
Uhler collection, U. S. National Museum there is a single female
labeled "Cicada arcolata Uhler, E. of Ft. Colville, N. W. Bound.
Surv." This is no doubt one of the types mentioned in the original
description. It expands 56 millimeters and the fore wings are 10
millimeters broad. The reflections are brassy. The fore legs are
now missing, but we have Uhler's statement in the original descrip-
tion, '' legs orange the anterior femora black beneath."

In the Bulletin of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey
of the Territories, 1874-1875, Vol. I, p. 343, Uhler has this to say of
the distribution of arcolata: "Collected in Cache Valley, Utah, by C.
Thomas, but previously known from San Mateo, Cal. (A. Agassiz) ;
from Ogden, Utah; from Virginia City, Nev. (J. Behrens) ; and from
Washington Territory." The Cache Valley and Ogden, Utah, speci-
mens belonged probably to what is described in this paper as pntnami
var. Intea, and the San Mateo, California, material no doubt belonged
to what we call Platypodia similis. •

Specimens have been examined as follows :

British Columbia. — North Bend, June 6, 1892, two femafes, U. S.
National Museum. Armstrong, July, 1914, male (W. Downes), col-
lection Dept. of Agriculture Province of Nova Scotia. Lardo,
Kootenay Lake, June 17, 1905, male (J. Chester Bradley), Cornell
University.

Washington. — " Wash. T.," no date, female, collection U. S.
National Museum. Logie Creek, Yakima Co., June 16, 191 3, three
males and two females (Clarence H. Kennedy). Concerning these
specimens Mr. Kenned}^ writes as follows : " They were taken on
alder, sumac and balsam trees along Logie Creek. Their call is not
like the 17-year form, nor like the eastern harvest flies, but consists
of just a few clicks. Until I stumbled on to one clicking it had not
occurred to me that they were cicadas." One of the males from
Yakima Co. is figured and genitalia drawn.

June, 1920.] Davis: Xokth American- Cicadas. Ill

Oregon. — Dilley, female in tlic collection of the Museum Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences, female in the writer's collection, and
a male and female in the collection of H. G. Barhcr. all without date.
\\'ilson, June 7. 1915, female (M. M. Rheer). Corvallis, May, 1901,
male; May. 1908, female (Elta Baber) ; May 28, Vnale (Mark
Wright) ; June 5, 1912, male (L. G. Gentner) ; male without date (W.
J. Chamherlin). Mary's Peak, Lincoln Co., May. three males and
one female (W. J. Chamherlin). Odell, June 10, 1914, male. In the
collection of the Oregon Agricultural College there is a long series
of over forty specimens of arcolata which I have been permitted to
examine through the courtesy of Prof. A. C. Lovett. Those from
Corvallis range in date from April i (1897) to June 16 (1896).
There is. however, a single male from Hood River, August 15, 19 13,
and another male labeled Philomarth, Sept. 14, 1906 (Schranck).
Two females were collected in the Santiam National Forest, April
27, 1915, by W. J. Chamherlin.

Idaho. — Wallace, June 9, 1915, male, two females; ]\Iay 2, 1916,
male; 'Sla.y 3. 1916, male and female; May 23, 1916. female; ]\Iay 31,
1916, female; June 9, 1916, female; May 8. 1917. male; May 9, 1917,
male; May 14, 1917. three females; ]\Iay 18. 1917. male; June 3, 1918,
female; June 9, 1918, female; June 18, 1918, male; June 24, 1918,
female; April 24. 19 19. male; April 2S, 1919. male; April 30, 1919,
male; May 12, 1919, female; May 14, 1919. female; May 16. 1919,
male and female; ]\Iay 18, 1919, male; May 25, 1919, female; June i,
19 1 9, female; June 22, 1919, two females (Otto Huellemann). This
long series of twelve males and nineteen females collected during the
past five years by Mr. Huellemann show no variation. Mt. Moscow,
female (Frank Magee). ?iIoscow !Mts., July 8, 1898, female, collec-
tion Am. Museum of Natural History. Troy. May 31, 1908, two
females ( E. T. Cresson, Jr.), collection Academy Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia.

Montana. — Bonner, May 26, 1904. male, collection Brooklyn Insti-
tute of Arts and Sciences. Bear Dance. Flat Head Co., June 7. 191 2,
male. Four other specimens from Bear Dance, collected June 7, 191 2,
and two females from Thompson Falls, Missoula Co., are in the col-
lection of the Montana Agrictultural Experiment Station.

California. — Humboldt Co., May 22. 1911. male (F. W. Xunen-

112

TouR^^A.L Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

macher). Siskiyou Co., June i, 1911, female (F. W. Nunenmacher).
In the writer's collection there are also two males and three females
collected in Mariposa Co., June 6 and 17, 1914, that may not be
areolata as they are very much smaller, expanding from 40 to 46
millimeters.

Platypedia similis new species. Plate V, fig. 6.

Type male and allotype female from Sonoma Co., California, ]March 15,
1914. Davis collection.

Resembles Platypedia areolata. but is smaller and has a differently shaped
uncus.

Shape of head as in areolata, except that the front is usually a little more
prominent. The frontal sulcus is well defined and continuous, whereas in
areolata it is interrupted at about the seventh or eighth transverse ridge, with
the ridge itself often plainly continuing across the sulcus. The uncus is almost
straight for the distal half or more of the lower line except for a subapical
sinuation, while the dorsal arch is higher, also more suddenly declivitous at
the extremity than in areolata. The last ventral segment in the male is not

m

V

Platypedia similis

as broadly rounded at the extremity as in areolata. The notch in the last
ventral segment of the female is the same in both species, that is V-shaped.
The body is black with a brassy tinge, and the usual paler marks are
yellowish orange as in areolata ; the legs are almost wholly chestnut colored ;
the membranes at the base of the fore wings are almost white, and the venation
of both pairs of wings, except about the marginal cells, is pale in the types.
The collar or hind margin of pronotum is usually more broadly pale colored
than in areolata

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type.

Length of body 21.5

Width of head across eyes 5.5

Female Allotype.
18

5-5

June,i920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. 113

Expanse of fore wings 43 43

Length of valve 5.3

In addition to the tyjjc and allotype specimens have l)ccn examined
from nimierous localities in California, wliicli it will he noted are
generally near the western part of the state and west of the Coast
Ran.2:e.

California. — Sonoma Co.. Feliruary, 1913, male (Oslar); March
10, 1914, male and five females; March 15, 1914, two males; May i,
1914. male and four females; April, two males, four females.
Eldridge. Sonoma Co.. April 19. 191 7. three males. Sonoma Co.,
May 2, 191 7, two males. San Mateo Co., June 8, 191 7, two females
(F. W. Nunenmacher). Crystal Lake, San Mateo Co., May 14. 191 6,
male (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell). Santa Cruz Co., April, 191 7, male (E. R.
Leach). Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., ^May 26, 1914, male and female
(Clarence H. Kennedy). ]\Iilpitas, Santa Clara Co., May 4, male
( R. J. Smith). Havilah, Kern Co.. June, 1913, female. Los Angeles,
May 20. 1918. male, and Griffith Park. Los Angeles, May 13, 1918,
male (Frank Morton Jones).

In the collection of the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences, there is a male from Camp Taylor. Marin Co.. Cali-
fornia. June. 1906, in which the transverse ruga;, the femora, tihiai
and costal margin of the fore wings are of a red-orange color. The
transverse ruga; are usually black in siiiiilis, but except in color the
specimen appears to be a similis.

In Mr. E. P. Van Duzee's collection there are the following from
Marin Co., California: — Lagunitas, ]\Iarch 9. 1913, male (Dr. E. C.
Van Dyke); Mt. Tamalpais, May 7. 191 1, female (Dr. E. C. Van
Dyke).

While this species resembles arcolata in coloring, the uncus differs
more in shape than does that of arcolata from pui)iami. The form of
the frontal sulcus also seems to be a good character whereby similis
may be separated from arcolata.

Platypedia falcata new species. Plate V. fig. 7.

Type male. El Paso, Texas, .\ugust (G. \V. Dunn). Davis collection.
Head narrow across the eyes, front prominent and clothed with long black
hairs on face with silvery hairs beneath the eyes. Top of head, pronotum and

114

Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI.xxn'III.

mesonotum clothed with long black hairs. Beneath extremely hairy, the hairs
light in color. The uncus, much bent downward at extremity as shown in the
illustratioji. The usual pale markings are present but are more chestnut col-
ored than they commonly are. In the fore wings the costal margin to the end
of the radial cell, likewise most of the venation except about the marginal
cells is chestnut colored : the basal membranes are almost white. The femora

03

Platypedia falcata

are chestnut colored, those of the first pair of legs blackish beneath, and of
the other two pairs striped on the sides with black.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type.

Length of body 20

Width of head across eyes 5.5

Expanse of fore wings 46

Length of valve 5

This species may be known from the other members of the genus
by the differently shaped uncus, and the long stiff black hairs on the
front of the head, and on other parts of the body. Only the type has
so far been examined. ^

Platypedia aperta Van Duzee. Plate V, fig. 8.

1915. Journal N. Y. Entomological Society, XXIII, p. 29.

Jn the original description this species is said to be "about 16 mm.

to tip of abdomen, with the elytral venation black and the inner

margin of the second ulnar areole more rectilinear, scarcely more

angled than in arcolata." No other species of the genus so far ex-

June, 1920.] Davis: XoRTH American- Cicadas. 115

amined has the uncus " nearly as broad as long," as it is in apcrta. In
the female the notch in the last ventral segment is broadly V-shaped.
In this species the fore wings are of the same general shape as in

SO

Platvped/a apekta

putnami and arcolata, that is proportionately narrower than in van-
diiaeci, minor and barbata.

The species was described from seven males and two females
taken by ^Ir. Van Duzee at Alpine, San Diego Co., California, June
8. 191 3, and June 6. 1914. and one male from San Diego city, taken
May 20, 1913. Three of the cotypes. taken on June 6, 1914, have been
kindly contributed to the writer's collection by Mr. Van Duzee. The
holotype, San Diego Co., Calif., June 8. 1913. male (E. P. Van Duzee),
is figured on the plate. Prof. Wm. S. Wright has sent three females
from San Diego, Calif., collected ]\Iay 24, 1913.

Platypedia vanduzeei new species. Plate V, fig. g.

Type male and allotype female, San Diego Co., California, March 22, 1914
(E. P. Van Duzee). Collection California Academy of Sciences.

Front of head moderately produced, with the sulcus distinct and the sides
nearly parallel, not expanding below the middle as in minor. Head broader
across the eyes than the front margin of the pronotum ; sides of the pronotum
nearly parallel until just before the posterior angles when the pronotum is
suddenly widened at the collar. Body very hairy, the hairs on the head and
pronotum darker than those on the rest of the body, especially on the under
side, where they are almost white. Fore wings with the front margin evenly
but considerably curved ; the wings themselves are broader across the middle
than in aperta. Uncus when viewed from above broadly lanceolate and sub-
acute at ape.x, its width about half the length; seen in profile when raised
above the valve it resembles the upturned head of a broad-headed snake. In
the female the notch in the last ventral segment \'-shaped.

116 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xxviii.

General color bronze-black, the abdomen more shining. Membranes at
base of fore wings orange ; costal margin dull orange to end of radial cell ;
veins surrounding the apical areas of both pairs of wings black or nearly so.
The pale marks on the body are those usual to the genus. The fore femora
are black beneath, paler above, usually chestnut colored, sometimes striped.

ATYPEBIA VANXIUZEEl

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 14 i3-S

Width of head across eyes 4.5 4.5

Expanse of fore wings 35 36

Length of valve '..... 2.5

In addition to the type and allotype the following have been ex-
amined from California: — San Diego, May 5, 1891, three males, and
May 10, 1891, one female (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell) ; San Diego Comity,
March 22, 1914, four females (E. P. Van Duzee). In Mr. Van
Duzee's collection there are three males and one female also collected
by him in San Diego County, March 22, 1914. Los Angeles, 1887,
male (Coquillett). Hills near Los Angeles, May 11, 1915, female
(Alonzo Davis) ; Los Angeles, May 27, 1916, two males (Alonzo
Davis). Griffith Pa'rk, Los Angeles, May 11, 1918, male and two
females, and May 13, 19 18, male (Frank Morton Jones). Pasadena,
June 19, 1916, female and May, 1918, male (Alonzo Davis). Uni-
versal City, June 9, 1915, male (C. A. Hill). Santa Barbara, May
5, 1919, sixteen males and six females. May 20. 1919, four males and
two females (F. E. Winters). "California," six males and four
females.

Mr. Winters writes of the cicadas he collected at Santa Barbara
as follows : " In the first week of May I caught my first cicadas on

June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. 117

the steep embankment of a hill road struck by the afternoon sun and
protected by the hill and hutce eucalptus trees from the sea winds.
They were sitting on wild anise or dill, preferring the stem about two
feet from the ground. They were not very shy and picking them with
my fingers I found the best method of collecting. Sweeping did not
prove effective, for as soon as the outer branches of the wild anise,
which reaches a height of three or four feet, were hit. they would
let themselves drop before llio main stem was reached by the net.
They cling to the stem head up." The cicadas were confined to the
before-mentioned embankment of the short hill road, about 300 yards
in length, and Mr. Winters was unable to find a single specimen in
any other locality. He continues : " Collected on the 20th inst. some
more of the cicadas, six in all, but confined to one bush, and not a
single one anywhere else."

In the Uhler collection, U. S. National Museum there is a single
male labeled " Nevada."

This species is smaller than minor and resembles in size both
apcrta and barbata. From the former it differs in having broader
fore wings and a narrower uncus; from barbata it may be told by the
' front margin of the fore wing having a more even curve, that is not
as bent at the end of the radial cell, and by tlic shape of the uncus as
figured. In the female the notch in the last ventral segment is not
as broadly V-shaped as in apcrta.

In his Preliminary -Review of the West Coast Cicadida; already
referred to, Mr. Van Duzee writes of this species under the name of
viiiior Uhler, as follows: "This distinct little species seems to be con-
• fined to the southern portion of the state where it is very abundant
at times. It is found on grassy hillsides from tlie last of March to
about the first of July where it may generally be found resting on the
stems of the sage bush. It has a short peeping note which is difticult
to locate."

The reasons for having first identified this insect as minor Uhler,
are considered in the remarks on tliat species.

Platypedia minor IhKr. Plate V, fig. 10.

1888. Entoniologica Anuricana. I\', p. 81.

In the original descrijition it is stated, " color a bronze-black, more
highly jiolished upon the tergum than elsewhere; the surface, except-

118

Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxviii.

ing the tergum and notum invested with long gray, or yellowish hairs
and with white hairs around the meso-thoracic cross . . . front having
the sulcus distinct from the base to below the middle, and thence ex-
panding and becoming effaced, with the margins distinctly carinated,
and the transverse grooves distinct . . . legs flavo-piceous, clothed
with long remote white hairs and bristles, the coxse. knees, and tarsi
dark piceous. Wing-covers hyaline, somewhat tinged with fulvous
at base, . . . membrane of base of wings and basal portion of nervures
white." Length of body 16-17 ^'^^ > to tip of closed wings 22-23 ^^- ]
width of base of pronotum 5^-6 mm. The type material is said to be
■■ Three specimens examined from Southern California," all males.

m

Platypodia minor

Recently the Uhler collection in the United States National Mu-
seum was examined to see if the three males used in the original
description could be found. A male was discovered bearing three
labels. The first reads '" Cal. S. " ; the second "Platypodia minor
Uhler, San Mateo," and the third "Platypcdia minor Uhler, San
Mateo, Det. Uhler." The fact that " Cal. S." is on this specimen
would seem to indicate that it belonged to the type series, though
San Mateo is only about half way down the coast of California.
Though now old and slightly broken this insect answers Uhler's de-
scription. A figure of the specimen is given on our plate. The uncus
it rather slender, nearly straight below, arcuated above.

In his note on Platypcdia minor, Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, Vol.
XXIII, p. 28, 191 5, Mr. Van Duzee stated that what he was identify-
ing as jninor was somewhat smaller than called for in the original
description, and that the true minor might be one of the other species

June, i9::o.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. • 119

mentioned in his paper. We now find this to he the case thus making
Platypcdia intermedia a synonym of minor. The statement hy Uhler
that his minor came from Southern California was misleading::.

This insect seems to he very common in parts of California and
numerous examples have heen examined as follows : — Humholdt Co.,
May 15. 191 1, female; May 22, 191 1, female (F. \V. Nunenmacher).
Trinity Co.. May 7. 191 7, six males, four females; May 8, 191 7, one
male, three females; May 30, 1917. four males, five females (F. W.
Nunenmacher); May 30, 1917. three females; April 18. 1918, male;
June 16. 1918, male (E. R. Leaclij. Mendocino Co.. May 10, 1919,
six males and six females (E. R. Leach). Ukiah, Mendocino Co.,
April 23. 1919. six males, three females; April 30, 1919, four males,
one female; May 2, 1919. male; May 6, 1919, three males, three fe-
males; May 26, 1919, male; May 2^. 1919, nine males; May 30, 1919,
two males and one female (Esther P. Hewlett). Sonoma Co., March
15, 1914, one male, four females; March 31, 1914, six males; April,
19 14, three males, one female; May i, 19 14. two males, two females;
May 5. 1914, two males; May 10, 1914, three males, two females;
May 20, 1914. female. Eldridge, Sonoma Co., April 19, 1917, male;
April 20, 1917. two females; April 28, 1917, one male, four females.
Sonoma Co., May 2, 1917, five males, three females (J. A. Kusche)
received through the kindness of Mr. Morgan Hehard. Fairfax,
Marin Co.. April 5. 1914. male; May 7, 191 1, female (Dr. E. C. Van
Dyke). Muir Woods, Marirr Co., April 23, 191 1, male (Dr. F. E.
Blaisdell). Contra Costa Co.. May 6, 1918, male (E. R. Leach).
Mills College. Alameda Co., April 25, 1908. Alameda Co., May 20,
1909, female (F. W. Nunenmacher). Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., six
males, four females (Clarence H. Kennedy). Crystal Lake, San
Mateo Co., May 7, 1916, male; May 14, 1916, female (Dr. F. E.
Blaisdell). San ]\Iateo Co.. June 8. 191 7, female (E. R. Leach). San
Louis Ohispo. April, female.

Through the courtesy of Mr. E. P. \'an Duzee the writer has heen
enabled to examine the following from his collection : — Sohre Vista,
Sonoma Co., Calif., May 12, 1910, male holotype of intermedia Van D. ;
Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif., May 15, 1914, male (J. A. Kusche) ;
Fairfax. Marin Co., Calif., ^L'ly 7, 191 1, female (E. C. \'an r\vke).
In the collection of the Dei)t. of Agriculture. Harri>l)urg, Pa.,

120 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

examined through the courtesy of Josef N. Knull, there are two males
from Corte Madera, Marin Co., CaHf., April 17, 1915.

In the United States National Museum there are the following
from California : — Santa Cruz Mts., three males and a female ; San
Jose, male (A. E. Bush) ; Napa Co., female (J. J. Rivers).

In the Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, there is a male
from Mt. Diablo, Pine Canyon, California, May 10, 1893.

In the writer's collection there are twenty-two males and thirty-
five females collected at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June, 19 19
(Oslar). Glenwood Springs is on the Grand River, one of the tribu-
taries of the Colorado. We have also seen a female of this species
from the collection of the University of Minnesota labeled Nevada.
In the American Museum of Natural History there is a male labeled
Mazatlan, Mexico. It is an old, discolored specimen, but the charac-
ters are all plain including the shape of the uncus. It appears to
belong to the species tuider consideration.

Platypedia barbata new species. Plate V, fig. 11.

Type male and allotype female from San Louis Obispo, California, April.
Davis collection.

Resembles Platypedia vanduzeei in size, but may be separated by the
broader fore wings which have the costal margin rather suddenly bent, and
by the narrower uncus, as mentioned in the key.

Front of head moderately prominent,' about as much so as in vanditzeei;
sides of pronotum not as parallel as in vanduaeei, but somewhat converging

PLATYPEDI/i BAX^ATA

toward the eyes. Excepting the tergum the bpdy is covered with long hairs
both above and below, the hairs on the under side are white except on the
face where they are almost black. The pale colors of the upper surface are
those common to the genus, and as in aperta and vanduseei, except that the
membranes at the base of the fore wings are more red than orange. Beneath
the legs are mostly chestnut colored, the anterior femora darkened beneath

June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AmF.RICAX CiCADAS. 121

and all of the femora faintly striped. Tibiae darkened at the knees. Uncus
when viewed from above long and narrow, riJiinded at the extremity, faintly
keeled near the base ; seen in profile sinuate along the lower margin. Last
ventral segment of the female allotype has the notch U-shaped, and not
broadly V-shaped as in afcria, nor more narrowly V-shaped as in vanduseei.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body i5o i6

Width of head across eyes 4-"5 5

Expanse of fore wings 36 40

Length of valve 3-5

Only the type 'and allotype have so far been examined. Though
it resembles minor in some features and vanduzcci in others, this is a
very distinct species.

Neoplatypedia new genus.

In this genus the front wings have seven apical areoles, instead
of eight as in Platypcdia, and the costal vein is strongly expanded
and bent beyond the middle of the radial cell. When the insect is
turned over, the wings, if closed, are seen to cover about the apical
third of the abdomen; in Platypcdia the entire under side of the ab-
domen is plainly in view. The uncus is remarkably long and up-
turned at the extremity. Type Platypcdia aiiipliaia Van Duzee.

Uncus when viewed from above slipper-shaped, the sides evenly converging to
the rather sharp point ; when seen in profile, the point rather suddenly up-
turned. Membranes at base of fore wings almost white. Expands 38 to 43
millimeters. Occurs in California. ampliata (Van Duzee).

Uncus when viewed from above suddenly constricted at about one third of the
distance from the rather sharp point ; when seen in profile with the point
gradually and moderately upturned, but not as much so as in ai)ifliata.
Membranes at base of fore wings orange. Expands 40 to 44 millimeters.
Occurs in Arizona, Colorado, Utah, California constricta new species.

Neoplatypedia ampliata (Van Duzee). Plate V, fig. 12.

19 1 5. Platyf'edia ampliata Van Duzee. Journal X. Y. Entomological So-
ciety, XXin, p. 29.

The original description states that the remarkably broad fore
wings are obviously angled beyond the middle of the costal areole, and
that the costal nervure is broadly expanded, especially in the male,
reaching a width of nearly one millimeter. Body clothed with long
blackish hairs which become gray beneath and on either side of the
mesonotal X- Front strongly produced; last ventral segment of the

122

Journal New York Entomological Society, ['^'o'- xxviii.

male narrow and rounded at apex, valve moderately long and ex-
panded at base ; uncus lanceolate with the slender point upturned and
attaining the apex of the valve. Last ventral segment of the female
with a narrow subacute incision reaching nearly to its base. " Color
black; supra antennal plates, a small dot at the b&se of the vertex con-

Neoplatypedia ampliata

tinned as a median line on the pronotum which does not reach the
hind margin, narrow hind edge of the pronotum, sides of the meso-
notal X posteriorly, elytral nervures except close to their base, de-
pressed sides of the pronotum and legs in part, pale.'' Length i6
mm., expanse 38 mm. The species was " described from one male
without locality, in the collection of the University of California, and
two females from Mary's River, Oregon, received from Dr. Wilson."
Mr. Van Duzee has kindly sent me the male holotype for examination,
and it is figured on the accompanying plate. It is immature which
accounts for the costal nervure being so flattened out in mounting;
usually it is stiffer and less pliable. The membranes at base of fore
wings are white.

The following specimens have been examined :

Oregon. — Mary's River, female, collection Oregon Agricultural
College. In this individual the notch in the last ventral segment is
a " subacute incision " and narrower than in the twenty females of
constricta examined from Arizona. It expands 38 mm. ; membranes
at base of fore wings yellowish white; fore femora black except at
extremities.

California. — Contra Costa Co., May 6, 1918, male. The genitalia
of this specimen have been drawn by Mr. C. E. Olsen. The mem-

June, 1920.]

Davis: M'orth American" Cicadas.

123

branes at the base of the fore wiuijs are white. In the Am. Museum
of Natural History there is a male lal)eled "' California.'" The uncus
is tapered s:radually to the upturned point; membranes at base of fore
winc;:s white; fore femora black, upper surface with longitudinal
chestnut colored stripes.

Neoplatypedia constricta new species. Plate V, fig. 13.

Type male and allotype female from Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co.,
Arizona, 1919 (J. A. Crosby). Davis collection.

Resembles Neoplatypedia ainpliata in size and general coloring, but may
be separated by the following characters: The uncus instead of being evenly
narrowed to the extremity is constricted about one third of the distance from
the tip ; when seen in profile the uncus is not so suddenly upturned, and though
bent upward the curve is more gradual. The head is narrower across the
eyes than in ainpliata. In the male the abdomen when viewed from above is

m

NfOPLATYPEB/A CONSTRICTA

rather suddenly constricted beyond the sixth segment, whereas in ainpliata it
tapers more evenly to the end of the body. In the female allotype the notch
in the last ventral segment reaches nearly to the base of the segment and is
wider open than the notch in the female ainpliata examined from Mary's River,
Oregon. Fore femora black or nearly so, except at the extremities. Mem-
branes at base of fore wings orange ; in ampliata they are white or yellowish
white. The supra-antennal plates, a median line on the pronotum, narrow
hind edge of the pronotum, and sides of the mesonotal X posteriorly, are pale,
as is usual in Platypedia.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 18 18

Width of head across eyes 5.25 6

Expanse of fore wings 42 44

Length of valve 4

124 Journal New York Entomological Society. C^''^'- ^xviii.

In addition to the type and allotype fifty-nine males and twenty
females collected by J. A. Crosby at Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co.,
Arizona, in the spring or early summer of 1919, have been examined.
The following have also been seen: — Stockton, Utah, May 16, 1916,
female (Tom Spalding). Beaver Valley, Utah, male; South Creek,
Beaver Co., Utah, male; Washington Co., Utah, June, 1917, male (G.
P. Engelhardt), collection Museum Brooklyn Institute of Arts and
Sciences.

Bondad, Colorado, June 27, 1919, about 6,100 ft., fifteen males,
twenty-two females, collection Am. Museum of Natural History.
When these specimens were collected by Dr. F. E. Lutz, he noted that
they " sang ::ip, zip, zip, zip for a long time."

In the U. S. National Museum there is a male and female labeled
Los Angeles Co., Cal., May (Coquillett). These are blue black in
• color, particularly the head, pronotum and mesonotum ; the mem-
branes at the base of fore wings are bright orange ; the uncus in the
male is constricted near the extremity, though not as much so as in
the examples from Arizona, Utah and Colorado. The notch in the
last ventral segment of the female is as wide as in the female allotype
from Arizona. In the California Academy of Sciences there are two
immature males from Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, Cali-
fornia; May 13, 1919 (J. O. Martin), which have the membranes at
the base of the fore wings bright orange.

Genus Melampsalta Kolenati.

In Mr. Distant's Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera, Part I,
Cicadidae (1906), the type of the genus Melampsalta is given as
miisiva Germar, of the old world, and other, species of the genus are
^ recorded from continental Europe, Africa and Asia, also from Japan,
Australia and New Zealand. One species is listed doubtfully from
Surinam and Melampsalta parviila Say, from North America. In
his Rhynchotal Notes, XXXV, Annals and Magazine of Natural His-
tory, series 7, 1905, Mr. Distant considers Melampsalta a "congested
genus."

In Melampsalta the median and cubitus veins coalesce near the
base of the fore wing, whereas in the other genera of Cicadas in
America north of Mexico, these veins reach the basal cell or arculus
separately. Normally in calliope {parviila) there are six apical areas

June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTH AMERICAN CiCADAS. 125

in eacli hind wing, but there are occasional specimens with but five.
Sometimes one wing has five and the other six. In the wTiter's col-
lection two female calliope from Louisiana have five apical areas in
each hind wing, and a male from Alabama has five apical areas in the
left hind wing and six in the right. A male from Clarke Co., Mis-
sissippi, has five apical areas in 'each hiiul wing. I'his specimen is
figured on the plate. In Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 82,
1888, Uhler states: "Several specimens of .1/. parvnla [calliope]
have been examined by myself, in which six apical areoles were
present in one wing and five in the opposite one."

While in kaiisa the median and cubitus veins unite near the base
of the fore wing, thus placing it in the Division Melampsaltaria Dis-
tant, the fact that it has but five apical areas in the hind wing would
seem to consign it to the genus Panropsalta Coding and Froggatt.
In the original description of the genus the head is said to be as
■' wide or a little broader than front of pronotum." It is narrower
than front of pronotum in kansa, and the illustration of the venation
and shape of the fore wing of Icnrcnsis Coding and Froggatt, the type
of the genus, from Australia and Tasmania, show other- differences.
So it has been thought best for the present to leave kansa in the genus
Mclampsalta.

As the gen,us Mclampsalta is not a congested one in North Amer-
ica, it will do for the present to also include camcrona therein, though
there is the same objection as in kansa, namely the small number of
apical fereas in the hind wing. However, this character has here been
shown to be variable to some extent in the same species.

Key to the Species of Melamps.alt.a.

(Mentioned in this paper.)

Hind wings with 6 apical areas; rarely there are specimens with but five.

Females straw colored, occasionally with dark marks on the head and
thorax. Males usually smaller and with dark marks. Females expand

about 3,7 mm. ; males about 35 mm calliope (Walker).

Both sexes green, immaculate, or nearly so.

calliope var. floridensis new variety.
Hind wings with 4 or 5 apical areas.

Hind wings with 5 apical areas; body slim, of the same width across the
region of the tympanal openings as immediately above and below. Both
sexes immaculate green and of the same size ; expands about 32 mm.

kansa Davis.

126 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- xxyiii

Hind wings with 4 or 5 apical areas ; body broader across the region of the
tympanal openings than above or below. Both sexes greenish, with dark
marks on the head and thorax ; and of the same size ; expands about

25 mm camerona new species.

Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Plate V, figs. 14-15.

In 1825 Thomas Say described the only species of Melampsalta
known up to within a short time from North America, under the
name of Cicada parviila. He stated that the body was '' dull testa-
ceous " with some indistinct blackish marks on the thorax, and that
the insect inhabited Missouri. He gave the length as seven-tenths
of an inch [17.5 mm.], adding that it is a very small species, and that
he has " a specimen from near the Rocky Mountains, which is en-
tirely green, it is a female, and probably of the same species with the
above. Its length, to the tip of the hemelytra, is four-fifths of an
inch,"' that is, 20 millimeters. The first mentioned specimen was evi-

Melampsalta calliope

dently a male, judging from size and color, though the sex is not
mentioned by the author.

In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 41, p. 390, 1909, G. W.
Kirkaldy states that the name Cicada parvnla was preoccupied, and
gives calliope Walker as the name of the species. It appears that in
1798 Fabricius described in Supplementum Entomologi^e Systematicse,
p. 521, a "Cicada parvnla" from Cayenne, South America.

In 1830 E. F. Germar described Cicada pall esc ens in Thon, Ento-
mologisches Archiv, ii, p. 8, from Georgia, Americse. It is said to be
small, half the size of C hccmatoda. Head pale, front impressed.
Collar pale testaceous, with the border all green. IMesothorax pale,
variegated with green. Abdomen pale at base, green at apex. Body
testaceous beneath, legs variegated with green. Wings entirely
hyaline, costa and veins green, the wavy vein parallel to hind margin
sometimes black.

This name was also preoccupied according to Mr. Van Duzee's

June, 1920.] Davis: Xorth Americax Cicadas. 127

Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico (1917), for
in 1776 Otto Frederich MuUer described in his Zoologise Donicje
Prodromus. p. 102, a Cicada pallcsccns from Denmark.

In 1850 Francis Walker described Cicada calliope in List of the
Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I, p. 212. and gave tlie locality as "Warm Springs,
N. Carolina." ]\Ir. Franklin Sherman, of Raleigh, N. C, does not
know of any W'arm Springs in North Carolina, nor is the name in the
postal guide. It may be that the present Hot Springs in Madison
County was the locality.^ Walker gives among other characters, body
pale ferruginous; head as broad as the "fore-chest"; face slightly
convex, not at all prominent, adorned with a tawny stripe; crown
pitchy; eyes not prominent; "scutcheon [])ronotum] adorned with
two parallel pitchy stripes, its sides and the furrows also pitchy;
hind-scutcheon [hind margin of pronotum or collar] rather narrow,
above, much broader and rounded at the base of each fore-wing,
convex on the middle of each side; scutcheon of the middle-chest
[mesonotum] adorned with three broad black stripes; the side pair
slightly oI)Conical and oI)lique; hind liorder hardly excavated; ab-
domen obconical, very little longer than the chest, paler beneath,
adorned with three rows of pitchy spots, which are much longer and
more distinct on each side than in the middle; hind borders of the
segments pale tawny." The "wings colorless; fore border ferru-
ginous; veins ferruginous, black towards the tips; fore membranes
tawny ; flaps tinged with brown at the tips, buff at the base and along
the middle vein. Length of the body 6 lines [13.5 millimeters], of the
wings 17 lines," [expanse of wings 38 millimeters].

As this name was not preoccupied it has been used liy Mr. Van
Duzee in his catalogue for the small species covered by the descrip-
tion, extending from the Atlantic through the southern states north-
westward to Nebraska and Colorado.

1 Since the above was written Mr. Nathan Banks has called my attention
to Edward Doubleday's " Communication on the Natural History of North
America." Entomological Magazine, October, 1838, where, under the heading
"Warm Springs, North Carolina, July 8, 1838," he says: "From Asheville I
walked most of the way to this place ; for in this mountainous country the
stage scarcely m^kes four miles an hour. The road runs mostly by the side
of the French Broad river, between high and wooded mountains."

Madison Co., X. C, is therefore the type locality for calliope.

128 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- ^^viii

In 1888 P. R. Uhler in his '' Preliminary Survey of the Cicadsea
of the United States," Entomologica Americana, IV, p. 22, states that
" This neat little insect is of a pale green color when alive, sometimes
marked with fuscous, but speedily becomes straw yellow after desica-
tion and exposure to the air. It inhabits the plateau-lands of Georgia,
Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas and Texas; but it
has not thus far been reported from the costal plain of any of the
States in which it has been found."

In 1892 Uhler in his " Preliminary Survey of the Cicadidae of the
United States, Antilles and Mexico," Trans. Maryland Academy of
Science, I, p. 165, says further regarding the species: "Common in
various parts of the United States, and quite variable in color and
pattern of marking. When fresh, the ground color is pale green,
with the marking of the head, thorax and tergum brownish black;
but when dried and kept for some time in the cabinet it becomes pale
or dark straw-yellow. Specimens from Florida are much narrower
than those from Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska. A male from Texas
is faded straw yellow, with a little black on the vertex and about the
antennae. The males are sometimes much smaller than the females."

It will be noted from the foregoing that Say thought that his
parvnla might occur either "" dull testaceous " or green, and Uhler
considered parvnla '' quite variable in color," and that the fresh green
specimens changed in the cabinet to a '"pale or dark straw yellow."
The series of specimens now in the writer's collection shows that
calliope in the southeastern United States is marked in the males as
described by Walker, and that the females which are usually larger
are often lighter colored and without the dark marks on the body.
Specimens examined from Florida and parts of Georgia are green,
and the same difference in size usually exhibits between the males and
females. Specimens from Nebraska, Kansas and Iowa are usually
lighter colored than more eastern examples, and while the males have
dark marks on the body, the females, which are usually larger than
the males, are generally straw yellow ; some, however, show faintly
the dark marks on the dorsum, particularly on the mesonotum.

Specimens of Melanipsalta, supposed to be calliope as described
by Walker, have been examined as follows :

Virginia. — Opposite Plummer's Island in the Potomac River, Au-

June, I92C.] DaVIS : XoRTH AMERICAN CiCADAS. 129

gust 9, 1915, female (H. S. Barber). This specimen was found while
looking for insects at night with a lantern.

North Carolina. — From Southern Pines and collected by the Rev.
A. H. Manee, two males and two females (no date), the females are
as small as the males and marked like them; female, July 7, 191 1,
small and marked like male; male. July 7. 1914; male. July 8, 1914;
two males, July 9, 1914; sixteen males, July 12. 191 5, and all marked
as is usual in males. Mr. Manee whites that he finds many of these
cicadas on young pines. Wilmington, August i. 191 1, female (George
P. Engelhardt), collection Museum of the F)rooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences. Two females collected at the same place and time as
the last by Mr. C. L. Pollard, are in this collection of the Staten
Island Institute of Arts and Sciences.

Georgia. — De W'ht. Mitchell Co.. male (C. S. Spooner) ; has the
dark markings usual, in males. Spring Creek, Decatur Co., July,
1912, four males, three females (J. Chester Bradley), collection Cor-
nell University. In the Uhler collection. U. S. Nat. Museum, there
are a male and two females labeled " Ga." All are about the same size
and straw colored ; the male with black marks on the pronotum. Al-
bany, Dougherty Co., August i, 1913, female (Rchn and Hebard),
collection Acad. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Alabama. — Mobile, five males and five females (H. P. Loding).
Grand Bay, Mo])ile Co., May, 1913, male and female; ^lay 20, 1915,
male and female; May 22. 1915, male, all collected by H. P. Loding.
Irvington, July 5, 1915. male. Mt. Vernon, May 13. 1917. two males
(H. P. Loding). Spring Hill (no date), female; same locality,
Aug. I, 19 17, male (T. Van Aller).

Mississippi. — Through the kindness of Prof. R. \V. Harned, I
have been able to examine thirty-one specimens of this species col-
lected in Mississippi by the students of the State Agricultural and
Mechanical College. The localities range from near the northern
part of the state to the Gulf coast, and the dates of capture from May
14, 1915, at Fontainbleau, to August 5, 1916. at 'Hattiesburg. The
localities are: — Verona, Houlka. Egypt, Stonewall, Laurel, Columbia,
Hattiesburg, Lucedale, Anner. Caesar, Nugent, Kiln, Long Beach,
Ocean Springs, Fontainl)leau and Pascagoula.

It may be remembered that Uhler reported this species only from

130 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

"plateau lands,"' but the last six localities mentioned are in the low
lying Gulf strip of Mississippi, which rises a few feet above the level
of the sea.

Louisiana. — Alexandria, August 22, 1915, female (Rehn and He-
bard) ; two females labeled " La." One of these females is plain
straw colored with a greenish collar, while the other two have dark
marks on pronotum and mesonotum.

Indian Territory. — Hughes, June 20, 1907, in cotton field, male (F.
C. Bishopp), collection U. S. Nat. Museum.

Missouri. — Hartville, Wriglit Co., June 20, 1873, female, collection
Museum Brooklyn Institute of Arts aad Sciences.

Illinois. — In the Uhler collection, U. S. Nat. Museum, there are
two males, one labeled " N. 111.," and the other "' Ogle Co., 111." They
are marked with dark spots.

Iowa. — Iowa City, June 24, 1898, female (Wickham). This is a
straw colored individual. In the Uhler collection, U. S. Nat. Museum,
there are three males and one female from Denison. The males have
the usual dark marks, while the female is straw colored. In the same
collection there is a female from Dallas Co. that has blackish marks
on the thorax, but is lighter than the males.

Kansas. — Wakefield, Clay Co., male and three females; Sheridan
Co., 2,650 ft., male (F. X. Williams) ; Barton Co., 1,816 ft., June 22,
19 12, male (F. X. Williams) ; Ellsworth Co., July, male (Warren
Knaus) ; Grove Co., 2,813 ft., male (F. X. Williams) ; Topeka, July
II, male and female (E. G. Smyth) ; Clark Co., June, 1,962 ft., male
(F. H. Snow) ; Chautauqua Co., 841 ft., two males, two females (R.
H. Beamer) ; Miami Co., 1915, male (R. H. Beamer) ; Ness Co., July
5, 1912, 2,260 ft., female (F. X. Williams) ; Douglas Co., 900 ft., two
females (F. H. Snow) ; Riley Co., July 13, two females (Popenoe).

In the above series the males are marked with black, while the
females are larger and almost wholly straw colored. A few females
have indistinct darker marks, particularly on the mesonotum.

Nebraska. — Lincoln, June 25, 1908, 1,450 ft., two males, one female
(R. W. Dawson) ; South Bend, June 25, 1915, female, and July 14,
1915, male (E. M. Partridge) ; Omaha, June 22, 1918, female (R. R.
Leussler).

In the Uhler collection, U. S. Nat. Museum, there is a female

June, 1920.] Davis : XoRTii Amf.ricax Cicadas. 131

labeled " Nebraska," wbicli lias l)lackisb marks on tbe head and
thorax, a dorsal row of dark spots on abdomen, also a row of dark
spots on each side of the abdomen. Wings are rather narrow. It
expands 39 millimeters.

In the collection of the University of Nebraska are the following:
— Rulo, Richardson Co.. July i, 191 5. female (E. M. Partridge).
Crete, Saline Co., July 6, i8<}3, female. Lincoln. Lancaster Co., June
24, female; July, male; July 4, 1893, male; June 25, 1908, 1,150 ft.,
nine males and two females (R. W. Dawson) ; June 25, 1908, female
(C. H. Gable) ; July 18, 1908, male, and July 23, 1908, male and female
(J. T. Zimmer) ; July 15, 1909, 1,150 ft., female (F. A. Burnham) ;
June 20, 191 1, male (L. M. Gates); June 26, 1914, male (G. W.
Deming). South Bend, Cass Co.. June 24, 1915, female; June 25,
1915, female; June 30, 1915, male, and July 14, 1915, male (all col-
lected In' E. G. Anderson). West Point, Cuming Co., three males;
June, female; June, 1887. male; July, 1888, male and female. Maskell,
Dixon Co., July 16, 1915, male and female (E. G. Anderson). Cams,
Keyapaha Co.. July 9, 1902, male; July 11, 1902, female; July 25, 1902,
female (W. D. Pierce). In this series the fifteen females are all
larger than the twenty-four males, and are of a uniform yellowish
straw color. The males are marked in every instance on the head,
pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen with dark spots.

Colorado. — In the U. S. National Museum there is a male and
female labeled ■" Granada, Col." This locality is in Prowers Co., in
the eastern part of the state and not far from the Kansas state line.

Melampsalta calliope \ar. floridensis new variety. Plate V, fig. 16.

Type male. Ft. Meade, Florida, July 30, 1915 (Mrs. F. E. Porter).

Allotype female. Rye, Florida, July 9, 1919 (Joseph Lienhart). Both in
Davis collection.

In the writer's collection there are sixteen specimens from peninsula
Florida of what is considered a green and geographic variety of calliope. This
variety extends to southern Georgia, and perhaps beyond along the coast,
where it joins the darker, typical form, in which the males especially are
marked with black, or nearly black spots on the head and thorax. The Florida
examples in addition to being grass green are immaculate or nearly so. In
the many examples examined of the straw yellow or dark typical form, we
have seen none from Florida, though it should be found in the northern and
especially in the northwestern part of the state. The fact that there is a

132 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^oL xxviii.

grass green Melainpsalta. though of quite a distinct species, in Texas, Indian
Territory, Kansas and Colorado has confused the matter. Prof. Uhler con-
sidered the Florida insect narrower than the western one, but the considerable
series examined does not confirm this. The Florida form, however, does differ
from the dark specimens from Southern Pines in the Sand Hill region of North
Carolina in having shorter and broader wings in proportion to the size of
the body.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 13 13

Width of head across eyes 4 4

Expanse of fore wings 33 32

In addition to tlie type and allotype the following green examples
have been examined :

Florida. — Rye, Manatee Co.. May 12, 1919, female; May 15, 1919,
male; May 28, 1919, male and female; June 10, 1919, male; July 9.
1919, female (all collected by Joseph Lienhart). Gulfport, June, 1915,
male, and 1915. female (A. G. Reynolds). St. Petersburg, August,
1915. male and two females (Ludwig). Lakeland, May 5, 1912,
female, and May 8, 191 2, two females in open woods on low vege-
tation (W. T. Davis). Jacksonville, July i, 1913, collection H. L.
Johnson. Live Oak, August 10, 1903, male, collection A. P. Morse.
Cleveland, April, male (C. P. Benedict), collection Staten Island Inst,
of Arts and Sciences. The following are in the collection Acad. Nat.
Sciences of Philadelphia: — Enterprise, April 20, female; Jackson-
ville, August 25, 191 1, female (Rehn and Hebard). Both of these
specimens are green with indistinct dark marks.

In his Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida in the
spring of 1908, Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural History, IX, p. 184,
1909, Mr. Edw. P. Van Duzee states: "One tiny male was beaten
from a small tree of a broad-leaved oak at Tampa. This specimen
made a surprisingly loud noise for so small an insect. It is pale
green, almost immaculate and measures scarcely 12 mm. to the tip
of the closed elytra."

Georgia. — Spring Creek, Decatur Co., June, 191 1, male (J. Chester
Bradley), collection Cornell University. Four typical male calliope
and three females were also taken in July, 1912, at Spring Creek by
Prof. Bradley, as previously noted. Spring Creek, July, 1912, female
floridcusis ( C. S. Spooner), Spooner collection.

June, I920.] DaVIS : XoRTH A>rKRICAX CiCADAS. 133

Melampsalta kansa Davis. Plate V, fig. 17.

This small green species was described in the Journal N. Y. En-
tomological Society, Vol. 27, p. 340, December, 1919. from Kansas
and Texas examples. Say's " entirely green " specimen " from near
the Rocky Mountains," probably belonged to this species. It may be
separated from calliope Walker {parvula Say), by its smaller head,
imcus of different shape, as shown in the illustration, and by having
five apical areas in the hind wing instead of six. In the female of

w

Melampsalta kansa

calliope the abdomen terminates above in a conspicuous spine ; in
kansa the spine is very small.

Since the description of kansa was published, additional specimens
have been examined as follows :

Texas. — Sabinal, Uvalde Co., June 13, 1910. male (F. C. Pratt).
Dallas, May 19, 191 1, female (E. S. Tucker). Grand Prairie, June
19. 1905, male (C. R. Jones). Delhart, June 16, 1910, male (F. C.
Bishopp). These arc in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Indian Territory. — Ardmore, Chickasaws Co.. June i, 1905, female
on Rudbcckia (C. R. Jones), collection U. S. Nat. Museum.

Oklahoma. — Carnegie, Caddo Co., male, collection of Warren
Knaus.

Colorado. — Lamar, about 3,600 ft., June 4-1 1. 1919. three males
(Dr. F. E. Lutz). Regnier, P>aca Co.. about 4.500 ft.. June 6-9, 1919.
two males (Dr. F. E. Lutz). These five specimens arc in the Amer-
ican Museum of Natural History. They have but five apical cells in
each hind wing as mentioned in the description.

134 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxmil

Melampsalta camerona new species. Plate V, figs. i8, 19.

Type male, Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas, "7-6" (E. A. Schwarz).
Collection U. S. National Museum. '

Allotype female, Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas, June, 1903 (Charles
Schaeffer). .Collection, Museum Brooklyn Inst, of Arts and Sciences.

Head small, about as wide as the ginuate, anterior margin of the pronotum ;
sides of the pronotum not parallel, but considerably widened toward the pos-
terior angles, which are rounded and lobiform. Cavity in which the antenna
starts oblique, with the margin high and definite, except anteriorly. Median
sulcus of the face well defined. Inner margin of eyes more rounded than in
either calliope or kansa. Fore wings with eight apical areas in type, but with
only seven in allotype, and the single paratype. Hind wings with five apical
areas in type, but only four in allotype and the paratype. Tympanal orifice
rather widely open ; more so than in calliope or kansa. Uncus seen in profile

m

Melampsalta camerona

curved inward, claw-like ; seen from behind deeply cleft. Beneath, the oper-
cula rounded at the extremities, but the ends not touching ; about as far apart
as in kansa, and nearer together than in calliope. Last ventral segment broad
at base with the sides rather suddenly converging to the rounded extremity.
In the allotype the notch in the last ventral segment is broad and deep. While
there are some short silvery hairs on the body, this is rather a smooth species.
General color of upper surface of body is green ; head variegated with
dark brown ; a dark dot each side not quite in front of the posterior ocelli.
Pronotum green ; grooves with scattered brown marks ; hind margin or collar
entirely green. Mesonotum with four obconical dark marks, the inner pair
about half as long as the outer pair. The outer pair broken up into separate
blotches, especially near the greenish colored elevated X . Hind margin of
the metanotum green. Both pairs of wings clear; basal membranes almost
white. Tergum green, the exposed tymbals darker. Beneath the head is
variegated with brown, the median sulcus is yellowish, and the transverse
rugse are brown. The legs are pale variegated with brown ; the opercula are
green ; the abdomen yellowish green with the usual dark spots centsally near
the base. The allotype is nearly entirely green above, the head slightly
variegated with brown along the front, and the dots nearly in front of the hind

(JOURN. N. Y. Ent. Soc.) Vol. XXVIII.

(Plate V.)

/2.
(CICADID^.)

June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTH AmERICAX CiCADAS. 135

ocelli are conspicuous. Beneath it is greenish except the transverse rugae, tip
of the rostrum, some variegated marks on the legs, and ovipositor, which are
brownish.

Me.\surements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 13 12.5

Width of head across eyes 3-5 3-5

Expanse of fore wings 25.5 25.5

A single paratype of this species from the collection of the U. S.
National Museum has been examined. It is a male and labeled
Brownsville, Texas (C. H. T. Townsend).

EXPLA.NATIOX OF Pl.ATE V.

Platypedia mohavensis Davis. Type.
Platypedia rufipes Davis. Type.
Platypedia putnami (Uhler).
Platypedia putnami var. liitea Davis. Type.
Platypedia areolata (Uhler).
Platypedia similis Davis. Type.
Platypedia falcata Davis. Type.
Platypedia aperta Van Duzee. Holotype.
Platypedia vanduzeei Davis. Type.
Platypedia wiN/or Uhler. Type?
Platypedia barbata Davis. Type.
Neoplatypedia ampliata (Van Duzee). Holotype.
Neoplatypedia constricta Davis. Type.

Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Six apical cells in hind wing.
Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Five apical cells in hind wing.
Melampsalta calliope var. floridensis Davis. Type.
Melampsalta kansa Davis. Type.
Melampsalta camerona Davis. Type.

Melampsalta camerona Davis. Allotype. Differs from type in
number of apical cells in both pairs of wings.

Fig.

I.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3-

Fig.

4-

Fig.

5-

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7-

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9-

Fig.

10.

Fig.

II.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13-

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15-

Fig.

16.

Fig.

'7-

Fig.

18.

•Fig.

19-

136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviil

THE GROUP TRACHES IN NORTH AMERICA.

PART I.

THE GENERA PACHYSCHELUS AND TAPHROCERUS.

By Alan S. Nicolay and Harry B. Weiss,
New Brunswick, N. J.

Of all the buprestid genera in North America, not any are in more
confusion at the present time than Pachysclichts, Brachys and Taph-
roccrus, which taken together comprise the group Trachcs. This
name was used by Kerremans to cover those species having the
median coxae more distant than the anterior ones, the anterior mar-
gins of the posterior coxse slightly concave or slightly dilated at the
sides and the tarsi very short. In this group he placed seventeen
genera only three of which are included in our fauna. Le Conte and
Horn referred to these forms as Brachcs but Trachcs has priority.
The members of the genus Rhccboscclis possess confluent eyes and
have larval habits somewhat similar to those of the Brachcs but in
structure strongly resemble the tribe Agrilcs. Here they were placed
by Kerremans following the genus Agrilus and for the present we
think it is best to keep them in this latter group.

Were we to follow the correct sequence in taking up these genera,
Pachyschcliis would come first, followed by Brachys and Taphroccrns.
Unfortunately, however, this paper must be divided into two parts
and as the Brachys will require at least another year's study, we are
taking the liberty of reversing the arrangement to the extent of pre-
senting the genera Pachyschcliis and Taphroccrns together with a
general introduction in this part. Part H^ will deal exclusively with
the genus Brachys.

In the '' Genera Insectorum," Kerremans lists some 147 species of

Pachyschelus, 89 of which were known to him. All but a very few

species which are confined to the Malay Archipelago and one in

Madagascar, occur on the American continent, but the great majority

1 Part il on the genus Brachys will appear at a later date.

June, I920.] XlCOLAV AND WeISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 137

are tropical. The Brachys are confined entirely to the Americas and
Kerremans lists 94 species, 46 of which he knew. The genus Taphro-
ccrus is restricted to the New World, 38 species being listed, 18 of
these being known to Kerremans.

In the following treatment the original description is included after
each species, but where this is very brief or vague it is followed by a
more complete account.

Key to the Gexera.

1. Scutellum large, triangular, tibia; dilated Pachyschelus

Scutelluni small, tibiae linear -

2. Body ovate, presternum obtuse behind Brachys

Body elongate, prosternum pointed behind Taphrocerus

Pachyschelus Solier, 33-313.
Mcfoiiiiis Say, 36-264.

Broad, triangular in form; scutellum large, triangular, smooth;
thorax widest at base tapering toward head ; eyes convex, moderately
prominent ; head large with a faint to distinct longitudinal impression
along the median line; antennas short, 11 -jointed; elytra punctate with
a large marginal depression posterior to the humerus and a fainter
one between the scutellum and humerus; legs retractile, tibi?e dilated
usually sulcate for the reception of the tarsi which are short ; pro-
sternum broad, almost truncate behind ; ventral surface impunctate ;
ventral thoracic surface grooved near margin for reception of an-
tennaj ; puliescence short and sparse. Our species are black with an
reneous lustre or bluish.

\'ery little appears to be known concerning the biology of the
genera Pachyschelus and Taphrocerus. Burke in 1917 stated that so
far as known no larvae of Taphrocerus had been collected and sum-
marized the distribution and habits of members of the Pachyschelus
as follows : " Eastern States, leaf miner in leaves, Hicoria ? , Quercus ? ,
and Lcspedeza." According to the same author, the larva of Pachy-
schelus can be characterized as follows: "First segment narrower
than following, body tapering both ways from about the middle, more
acute at the posterior end, spindle-shaped. Head comparatively small
more or less retracted into the first segment of a body composed of
13 fairly well defined, flattened segments; antennrc medium sized and

138 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxviii.

3-jointed; ocelli wanting; labrum rather large, arched and protruded;
mandil)les short, strong, usually toothed and rather spoon-shaped;
maxillce well developed; maxillary palpi two-jointed; labium well de-
veloped, arched, protruded; labial palpi minute and unsegmented,
almost obsolete ; first segment with a large well-developed plate on
both ventral and dorsal surfaces; true legs wanting; cerci wanting;
spiracles crescentic, one large one on either side of the second seg-
ment and one small one on either side of each of the fourth to eleventh
segments, on the anterior dorso-lateral surface."

Key to the Species of Pachyschelus.

1. Elytra with a subtransverse or diagonal line of whitish pubescence just be-

fore the apices, last ventral segment of male with three small teeth (rarely

trace of fourth) on each of two prominent processes purpureus Say.

Elytra glabrous, last ventral segment of male with four small teeth on each
of two prominent processes 2

2. Elytra black with aeneous lustre Isevigatus Say.

Elytra blue 3

3. Head and thorax blue to bluish black schwarzi Kerremans.

Head and thorax asneous var. oculatus Schaeffer.

Pachyschelus purpureus (Say), 36-164.
auicricanus Gory, 41-346.

(Original description.)

" Ovate, black, elytra purple. Inhabits Indiana. Body black ; head with
distinct punctures ; front with an indented abbreviated line placed low down ;
thorax with scattered discoidal punctures; no lateral indentation; elytra
purple ; indented at the middle of the base and behind the humerus ; punctures
rather large but not deeply impressed, placed in series and obsolete behind,
tibijc angulated. Length under three-twentieth of an inch.*

" This insect is certainly cogeneric with the preceding but it cannot be
placed in the Trachys or even in Aphanisticus if piisilhis Olivier can be con-
sidered as a type of it."

It is rather remarkable that Say did not mention the subtransverse
or diagonal line of whitish pubescence just before the apices of the
elytra, the faint spot of white pubescence slightly above the centre
near the suture which often runs into a line nor the surface being
sparsely clothed with white hairs which are shorter and not as close
together as those forming the spots or lines. The ventral surface is

June, 1920.] NiCOLAY AND WeISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 139

impunctate. sparsely clothed with short, white hairs, which are ar-
ranged in transverse lines on the al)dominal segments. The sexes
may^ he readily separated by the last ventral segment which on the
male bears an oblong impression at apex, apical margin produced in
the middle into two prominent processes each of which terminates in
three small teeth (very rarely with a trace of a fourth). The last
ventral segment of the female is not impressed, the a])ical margin
being produced in an acute point. Length, 2.5 mm. to 3.5 mm.

Localities. — Van Cortlandt Park (Pearsall) ; Queens. L. I., Nov.
28, one specimen sifting leaves (Schott) ; Staten Island; New York.
Caldwell, Sept. 20, feeding on hickory (Nicolay) ; Ramsey, May 30
(Nicolay) ; Ft. Lee, June 9 (Shoemaker) ; Greenwood Lake, May 17
(Leng) ; Orange Mts., June 4 (Bischoff) ; Hemlock Falls, May 28
(Wenzel) ; New Jersey. Illinois. Iowa. Cypress Mills, April 2;
Texas. Lake, Marshall and Stark Counties, June 11, July 14. rare
(Blatchley) ; Indiana. Larva mines leaves of Lespcdeza (Smith).
Borer of hickory (?) (Felt). Larva in leaves of bush clover, Lespc-
deza and adults beaten from vegetation in marshy places (Blatchley).

This species is taken around New York City by sweeping marshy
places during the spring. It occurs locally and is never common. The
larvce live in the leaves of bush clover. Mr. Schott took one specimen
while sifting leaves in November and the authors have found adults
feeding during September. From this it appears that the adults hiber-
nate. All of the specimens are remarkably constant in size (3.5 mm.)
with the exception of two specimens (male and female) before us
from Texas, which measure only 2.5 mm. Superficially they appear
to be at least a geographical variety but after studying them closely
no definite characters could be found. In view of this and until more
material is available, we think that they had better be placed with
purpiirciis. The dwarfed size may have been due to under nourish-
ment of the larv?e.

Pachyschelus leevigatus (Say), 36-164.
ovatus \\ (Say), 25-252.
piinctatus (Gory), 41-347.
carbonatus (LeConte), 59-252.
poUtiis Kerrenians, 96-322.

140 Journal New York Entomological Society. C^^'oi- xxviii.

(Original description.)

" Ovate, black ; head without indented line ; elytra without regular punc-
tures. Desc. Body very short, ovate, black ; head without the usual dilated
indentation but a very slight indentation may be observed on close inspection,
particularly on the lower part of the front ; slightly punctured : thorax equal
with the exception of a dilated indentation on each side with distant punctures
in which is a raised centre ; scutel large, flat, impunctured, polished ; elytra
with wide, irregular not deeply impressed punctures, without any appearance
of a regular series, no appearance of elevated lines, a profound excavation
behind the humerus without any sinus of the edge, humerus prominent. Length
rather more than one-tenth of an inch. This is the smallest species I have met
with and of a shorter form.

■'Afterwards (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. 6, p. 164) made the type of a
new genus Metoniits which is identical with Pachyschelus. T. ovata Weber
is a very different insect belonging to Brachys, — Lee.

" .1/. ovatiis nob. (Trachys) Ann. Lye. X. Y. Those who will retain this
species in Trachys must change the name of Icrvigatits as the other is pre-
occupied in the genus."

The pubescence of the ventral surface is less pronounced than that
of the preceding species. The sexual characters are similar to those
of purpurens except that in the males, the process on the last ventral
segment bears four instead of three small teeth. Length, 2-3 mm.

This species is very common in most localities and ranges from
S. E. Canada to Florida and west to Iowa. Late May to August 11.
Blatchley records it on the foliage of black gum and flowers of black
haw, milkweed, etc. According to Chambers it mines Dcsmodium.
This species was redescribed many times. Called ovatiis by Say in
his original description (1825) the name was preoccupied in the genus
Trachys. Afterward (1836) discovering his error, the name Iccvigatns
was proposed and although since put in another genus, to comply with
the laws of nomenclature the latter name must be retained. Le Conte's
carbonatiis is merely a phase of this species, but just why one having
such a universal knowledge of the family as Kerremans should re-
describe it under the name politiis is hard to understand.

Pachyschelus schwarzi Kerremans, 92-298.
ccrntleiis \\ Schwarz, 78-364.

(Original description.)

/

" Short ovate, black, head and thorax bluish black or black with seneous
tinge, scutellum and elytra bright blue, shining. Head deeply channeled, alu-

June. 1920.] XlCOLAY AND W'eISS : ThE GrOUP TraCIIES. 141

taceous, obsoktcly punctulate. Thorax without lateral depression and with
sparse, shallow punctures almost obliterated on the disc, more obvious at the
sides, finely alutaceous at the sides. Elytra with a deep impression on the
sides before the middle and with another obsolete one near the suture behind
tfie middle, plainly punctured with traces of regular rows on the disc. Length
2-3 mm. ,o8-.i2 inch. Male, last ventral segment with an oblong impression
at apex, apical margins produced in the middle into two prominent processes
each of which terminates in four small teeth. Female, last ventral segment
not impressed, apical margin produced in the middle in an acute point.

" Very al)uiidant everywhere in Florida. In form and size this
species resembles P. Iccvigatiis, the elytra however are less triangular
and more rounded at the sides : it differs also by its color and by the
thorax not being impressed at the sides. Very probably there will
also l)e a difference in the sexual characters of the males but we
have not seen the male of P. Iccvigatiis. In P. purpnrciis the last ven-
tral segment of the male has a similar impression but the two processes
are more separated from each other and each terminates in three
teeth."

In this species the ventral pubescence is almost obsolete except on
last abdominal segment. Easily separated from preceding species by
bluish color of entire dorsal surface. Length, 2-3 mm.

Localities. — Arkansas (Nicolay collection). Enterprise, April 18;
Tampa; Key West (Nicolay collection); Sanford, April 24 to May
9, Crescent City (Van Duzee) ; Dunedin, March 16 (Blatchley) ;
Florida. Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June (Leng) ; Georgia.
Harrisburg, July 31 (Wenzel) ; Texas.

This is a strictly southern form and evidently not rare where it
occurs. The name cccnilcits was given to a species from Guiana by
Gory in 1841. The spelling of this name with an " o " instead of an
'■ a " by Kerremans is incorrect.

Pachyschelus schwarzi var. oculatus Schaeffer, 09-377.
(Original description.)
" Black, head and thorax ^eneous, elytra blue. Head distinctly longitu-
dinally impressed along the median line ; finely and densely punctate with some
coarser punctures intermixed ; eyes rather convex. Thorax at apex feebly
emarginate ; sides obliquely narrowing to apex, almost straight to about apical
fourth, then slightly arcuate; base bisinuate, median lobe almost truncate;
surface finely and very densely punctate especially at sides, intermixed with

142 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'o'- x.w'iii.

longer, ocellate punctures which are more feeble on the disc ; laterally on each
side sharply impressed. Scutellum large, triangular, smooth. Elytra coarsely
punctate ; inter\-al between the punctures more or less wrinkled ; basal and
lateral impressions deep ; apical subsutural impression less deep. Sculpture of
underside of body rather finely reticulate, intermixed on the pro- and meta-
sternum with large ocellate punctures ; metasternum at sides plicate ; abdomen
very sparsely pubescent. Length 3 mm. Nogales, Arizona.

" This species is very close to carntlcus but is more slender and has
the eyes more convex than any other of our species."

This is merely a geographical variation distinguished by the
aeneous lustre of the head and thorax. The remarks by Mr. Schaeffer
about it being more slender with eyes more convex are misleading.
In the large series of schwarzi before us, there are many specimens
which are certainly more slender than this variety. Also the eyes
are not more convex but the median line is more deeply impressed,
which might give them that appearance. In certain specimens of
schwarzi, however, the impression of the median line is even deeper
than in the variety, so this character has no value.

Localities. — 'Nogales, Arizona (Schaeffer). Arizona (Nicolay
collection).

There are only two specimens of this variety known to us. The
type collected by Mr. Schaeffer is in the collection of the Brooklyn
Museum and a single female with only the state label is in the Nicolay
collection. There is no variation in the two specimens.

Taphrocems Solier, 33-314.

Body elongate ; scutellum small, smooth, triangular ; thorax usually
widest at base, rarely with sides parallel {IccvicolUs Le Conte) ; head
large with a median longitudinal impression ; eyes large, oval ; an-
tennae short, eleven jointed; elytra punctate, sides sinuate, a faint de-
pression between scutellum and humerus ; legs less, retractile than in
preceding genus, tibiae linear ; tarsi short ; presternum pointed behind ;
ventral surface of thorax grooved near margin for the reception of
antennae ; pubescence short and sparse. The dorsal surfaces of our
species are entirely black to coppery in color. In the " Biologia,"
Waterhouse uses a key to separate the forms giving as the first divi-
sion, species with or without a lateral carina on the elytra. In study-
ing our species, we find that all are without it.

June, 1920.] XicOLAY AXD Wl-ISS: TlIR GrOUP TrACHES. 143

Key to the Species of Taphrocerus.

1 . Elytra glabrous 2

Elytra with spots or lines of pubescence- ; pubescence rarely wanting and

replaced by punctate foves 5

2. Thorax widest at and depressed at base 3

Thorax not depressed at base, uniformly rounded, sides parallel or widest at

centre 4

3. Robust, black with a slight virescent to xneous shine ; tips of elytrta strongly

serrulate ; length 4.5-5.5 mm puncticoUis Schwarz.

Depressed, a?neous ; head shining, deeply impressed ; tips of elytra not or
very feebly serrulate : elytra coarsely punctate ; length 3.5-4 mm.

schaefferi nov. sp.

4. Subparallel, coppery, moderately shining; thorax widest at middle; head

alutaceous, feebly impressed, narrower than widest portion of thorax;

elytra finely punctate agriloides Crotch.

Sides of thorax parallel ; head as wide as thorax IzevicoUis Le Conte.

5. Apical half of elytra with two , white fascia ; black with sneous rarely vires-

cent lustre to entirely aeneous gracilis Say.

Apical half of elytra with six isolated dots of white pubescence; black with-
out aeneous lustre albonotatus Blatchley.

Taphrocerus puncticoUis Schwarz, 78-363, Plate VI (Fig. A).

(Original description.)

" Elongate above, blackish blue or black with faint aeneous tinge, shining.
Head less strongly excavate, very finely alutaceous, distinctly moderately,
sparsely punctate, punctures deeper than in T. gracilis. Thorax transverse,
narrowed in front when viewed from above, sides minute before the hind
angles which are rectangular, base strongly lobed in the middle, lobe broadly
emargin^te, surface uneven with the distinct carina in front of the hind angles
very finely alutaceous, coarsely unequally punctured, each puncture bearing a
very short scale-like hair. Scutellum transverse, shining. Elytra impressed
at base, impressions on the disc not obvious, serrate at outer apical angle, an-
teriorly moderately strongly striate punctate, punctures obsolete toward the
apex, each with a very fine short hair, interstice on the disc unequal, the striae
therefore appear subgeminate, humeral carina broadly interrupted at middle.
Beneath bluish black or black, nietasternum coarsely punctured, abdomen with
sparse shallow punctures, last segment with a deep semicircular marginal
sulcus. Length 5 mm. .20 inch.

'' Enterprise and Cedar Keys. More elongate than gracilis and
distinguished hy the deeper punctuation of head, thorax and nieta-
sternum and hy tlic elytra less even without patches of puhescence ;

144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

from T. agriloidcs it differs cliiefly by the form of the thorax which
in the latter species is not narrowed in front when viewed from
above."

Localities. — Biscayne, :\Iay 23 (Schwarz) (Leng and Schaeffer
collections), Paradise Key (Royal Palm Hammock), February
(Wetmore), Florida. Delchamps, August ' 30; Coden, June 9
(Loding) ; Alabama.

This is the largest of our species and according to the few speci-
mens known seems to be constant in size and punctuation. Mr. Ed-
ward Chapin informs us that Mr. Wetmore has taken some forty
specimens of this rather rare species, all from the same locality.

Taphrocerus schaefferi nov. sp., Plate VI (Fig. B).

Depressed, aeneous; elytra punctate striate, punctures coarse, each one with
a short, white reflexed hair, tips usually not serrulate, rarely very feebly so.
Umbone prominent, base of elytra with fovea, sides sinuate, widest at base
where it is sharply emarginate, thence broadening to center, becoming grad-
ually narrower toward apex. Thorax widest at base, distinctly, transversely
depressed at base and apex, a distinct carina just inside the basal angle;
rather sparsely and unevenly and finely punctate, each puncture with a reflexed
hair. Head shining, sparsely punctate, front with a deep longitudinal impres-
sion attaining or nearly attaining occiput. First and second antenna! joints
large and globular, next three narrow elongate, last six wider, strongly ser-
rate. Ventral surface jeneous, legs black with aeneous lustre, finely and dis-
tinctly punctate, pubescence white, arranged in usual transverse rows on the
abdomen. Length, 3.5 mm. to 4 mm. Width, i mm.

Localities. — Brownsville, August 26, Texas. Type in Nicolay col-
lection. One paratype in the collection of Mr. Howard Notman and
two in the collection of Mr. Charles Schaeffer.

This species appears to be allied to piincticollis but is at once dis-
tinguished by the much smaller size, more flattened form and aeneous
color. To Mr. Gilbert Arrow of the British Museum we are much
indebted for comparing this as well as our other species from the
south and southwest with the specimens in the collection of that in-
stitution so as to avoid any possibility of error. The species is named
in honor of Mr. Charles Schaeffer of the Brooklyn ]\Iuseum to whom
we are greatly indebted for many favors.

June, 1920.] XlCOLAY AND W'kISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 145

Taphrocerus agriloides Crotch, 73-75. Plate VI (Fig. C).

(Original description.)

" Subclongate, aeneous, head very sparingly punctate, with an impressed
line on the front ; thorax alutaceous, transverse, sides straight, coarsely and
sparsely punctate, base with a rounded median lobe ; elytra deeply punctate
striate, the punctures decreasing towards the apex. L. 14, Texas (Bclfrage).

"In appearance very like Agrilis putillus."

Superficially this species is very close to schacffcri and undoubt-
edly mixed with it in many collections as it occurs in the same locality
but has a more extended range, specimens having been taken as far
north as Georgia. It will be necessary to add the following to the
above description in order to clearly define this species. Coppery,
moderately shining, elongate, elytra gradually narrowing from about
the apical half, more finely punctate than schacffcri, tips distinctly
serrulate, umbone not noticeable, fovea at base of elytra smaller and
less distinct. Thorax widest at middle evenly rounded when viewed
from above; a more or less distinct fovea on each side near base.
Front of head much more feebly iinpressed, alutaceous. Ventral sur-
face reneous, finely and moderately punctate, pubescence sparse, ar-
ranged in transverse rows of short, white hairs on the abdomen. We
can not see that this species resembles Agrilis putillus in any very
striking point. Length, 3.5 mm. Width, 0.75-1 mm.

Localities. — Coden, June 9 ; Mobile, April 1 1 ; Delchainps, August
30, on rushes in salt marsh (Loding) ; Alabama. Georgia. Texas.

This species is at once separated from schacffcri by the thorax
being widest at centre, not impressed at base and without carina in-
side the basal angle. The head is alutaceous, more feebly impressed.
Elytral punctuation is finer with the tips strongly serrulate and the
body is more elongate and parallel.

Taphrocerus laevicollis Le Conte, 7S-403, Plate VI (Fig. D).

(Original description.)

" Very small, slender, convex, narrower behind, black-bronzed, shining.
Head and prothorax nearly smooth, the former large, longitudinally impressed ;
the latter with very deep oblique impressions towards the sides, which are
nearly straight and subparalltl. Elytra uneven with vague rows of feebly im-
pressed striae. Length 2.5 mm.; .10 inch.

146 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°^- xxviii.

"Enterprise (Florida): one specimen. Easily recognized bv the
small size, large head, not narrower than the prothorax and by the
latter not being narrowed in front."

Head and pronotum shining with short, white pubescence. Elytra
sinuate, smooth, feebly punctate striate. Ventral surface with short
sparse hairs; abdominal vestiture arranged in transverse lines.

Localities. — Haw Creek, April 6 (Schwarz), Florida. Coden.
June 9 (Loding), Alabama.

This species is quite distinct and readily recognized from the orig-
inal description. It appears to be local and by no means plentiful,
being represented in only a very few collections.

Taphrocerus gracilis (Say), 25-252, Plate VI (Fig. E).
alboguttaUis (Mannerheim), 37-120.
cylindricollis Kerremans, 96—312.
{f) texanus Kerremans, 96-312.

(Original description.)

" Oblong blackish : elytra with regular series of punctures. Body rather
slender, oblong, blackish-brassy ; head a little concave, but not profoundly so ;
thorax inequal, with a slight impressed line before, and a wide indented space
occupying half the thorax behind ; on each side is a rai&ed, arcuated, obtuse
line, extending nearly from one angle to the other ; scutel moderate ; elytra
with regular series of rather large, profoundly impressed punctures which are
obsolete at tip. Length, less than three-twentieths of an inch.

" A comparatively slender species. I found it on a myrtle bush at
Senipuxten Island, in September. It exhibits an unusual regularity
in its series of punctures.'' (This is the type of Taphrocerus Sol.;
the name under which it was known to him is the synonym Brachys
albognttata Lap. and Gory.-Lec.)

On fresh and unrul)I)ed specimens there are two distinct fascia
of white pubescence on the apical half of the elytra and occasionally
a spot on either side at the base, but, in most cabinet specimens, there
is but one band, often reduced to a mere spot. The variation in the
sculpture of the elytra seems unlimited. The commonest form is
punctate striate, the punctures being rather unevenly arranged, coarse
at the base becoming obsolete after the first fascia. However, some
specimens are almost smooth while others, chiefly those from the

June, 1920.] XlCOLAY AND WkISS: TiIE GrOUP TraCHES. 147

southwest, have the stride evenly, finely and densely punctate. More-
over specimens are often met with which luive a deep, longitudinal
sulcus on each elytron. There is a deep depression at the base and
usually a distinct fovea just before the apex. Thorax widest and
deeply depressed at base. Head and thorax rather smooth, sparsely
hairy. Ventral surface black. Metasternum strongly punctate. Ab-
domen finely punctate, slightly to densely hairy, hairs not arranged
however in transverse rows. Length, 2.6-4.5 "^"^•

Ranges from Canada to Florida and westward as far as Iowa,
Texas and Arizona. Around New York City specimens have been
found from May 17 to September 8. Found beating in swampy places
(Smith. Ins. N. J., p. 295). On flowers and leaves of button bush,
Ccphalanthus occidcntalis and on herbs in low wet places (Blatchley,
Col. Ind.. p. 805).

Few species possess such a great individual variation as this one
and it is remarkable that more names have not been erected. The
forms from Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado upon superficial ex-
amination appeared so distinct in having well defined, finely punctate
striae and smooth elytra with cCneous lustre that we at first considered
them as a valid species and distinct from the more unevenly sculp-
tured blackish insects taken in the east. However after examining
over one hundred individuals, we could discover no real specific dif-
ference and upon receiving several from Brownsville, Texas, possess-
ing the uneven shape, coarsely punctured striae of the eastern form,
yet retaining the brilliant aeneous color of the western insects, we felt
that it would be best to regard it as one variable species as Kerremans
and our other predecessors did, rather than name the extreme forms,
which are not geographically limited and if consistently followed out
would mean the erection of at least six new species.

The Leng collection contains a very peculiar indixidual from
Florida, which has the elytra broadly and deeply sulcated. the sulci
running parallel to and half way between the suture and sides until
just before the apex, where they converge toward the suture, each
ending in a deep fovea. A specimen from Anglesea, N. J., collected
by us has the entire surface marked with irregular pits and cavities.
From Georgia, are specimens almost smooth and impunctate with a
virescent shine. Mr. Schaeffer took one at Pine Island. X. Y., which

148 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

has the evenly and finely punctured stri^ of the typical specimens
from the southwest. Therefore we prefer to consider these all as
aberrant forms of gracilis. In a very few individual cases there are
no traces of the fascia but these we regard as having been rubbed off
naturally or as a result of handling. Punctate foveae replace the
pubescence in these examples.

From the description it would appear as if Kerremans had before
him one of these extreme forms when he erected the name tcxanus
and as the type is not obtainable, we believe that it is best placed as a
synonym of gracilis. However at the end of the text, there will be
found a translation of his original description, for those not satisfied
with this admittedly rather uncertain placing of his species.

Gracilis is our most abundant and widely distributed species. It is
common around New York City and taken while sweeping meadows
usually in moist places where the vegetation is rank.

Taphrocerus albonotatus Blatchley, 19-29. Plate VI (Fig. F).

(Original description.)

" Elongate, slender, strongly tapering behind. Black, shining, very sparsely
and finely pubesicent ; the elytra with eight isolated white pubescent spots,
arranged in three cross rows, two each in the first and third, and four in the
second or middle row ; the spots of the third row crescent-shaped, the others
rounded or oblong, the first row at middle, the others equally spaced behind it.
Head as broad as front of thorax, finely alutaceous, not punctate, the occiput
with a wide, shallow, median impression. Thorax twice as wide as lon^, base
slightly wider than apex, disk uneven, but less so than in gracilis ; surface
minutely alutaceous and with large, shallow, scattered ocellate punctures.
Elytra at base slightly narrower than base of thorax, sides broadly sinuate in
front of middle, straight and strongly converging from apical third to the
obtusely rounded tips ; disk with regular rows of large shallow punctures, these
becoming obsolete towards apex. Abdomen with large very shallow punctures,
each enclosing a small oblong white scale. Length, 3.5-4.5 mm."

Localities. — Jacksonville (Leng collection). Lakeland, Ft. Myers,
La Belle, Dunedin, October 20 to April 10 (Blatchley), Florida;
Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June (Leng), Georgia.

This is a southern species taken by Mr. Blatchley on huckleberry
and other low shrubs in late fall and early spring. The pubescence is
rather an uncertain character to depend upon unless the specimens

/une, 1920.] XlCOLAY AND W'eISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 149

are fresh and not ruhhed. but the lack of bronze and more slender and
more tapering I)ody should make it easy to separate from gracilis,
w^ich also occurs in I'lorida.

Taphroceius texanus Kerrcmans, 96-312.

(Translation of original description.)

Elongate, subparallel. cylindrical, attenuated before and behind, entirely
black, very lightly bronzed.

Head punctate, convex, slightly grooved on anterior part of front. Pro-
notum almost square, slightly narrower in front than behind, slightly convex,
covered by an irregularly spaced punctuation like that of the head ; the anterior
margin straight, the sides nearly straight, obliquely truncate anteriorly, the
posterior angle straight, the base weakly bisinuate with the median lobe pro-
jecting and sharp. Shield very small. Elytra wider than pronotum at base,
rugose and covered with a series of longitudinal dots, scarcely sinuate on the
sides, as high as the posterior hips, very slightly widened toward the middle,
attenuated afterward following a slightly pronounced arc as far as the summit
which is separately rounded and finely toothed. Ventral surface very finely
granulated. Length, 3.5 mm. Width. 0.8 mm. Texas.

Mr. Gilbert Arrow of the British ^Museum writes: "We have only
the single type specimen of T. tcxomis so that it is not possiI)le to
send it, but it seems to me to l)e different from botli T. gracilis and
T. agriloidcs. It is like the former in size and shape but has con-
spicuous punctures thinly scattered over the pronotum. It is an old
specimen from which the original labels have been removed so that
of course there is a possibility that the locality may be incorrect."

BiBLIOGR.XPHV.

Blatchley, 1919, Can. Ent., vol. 51, No. 2.

Coleoptera of Indiana.
Burke, 1917, Bui. 437. Bur. Ent., U. S. D. k.
Chagnon, 1917, Ins. Quebec (Col.).
Crotch, 1873, Proc. -Acad. Xat. Sci. Phil.
Deyrolle, 1864, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 8.
Gory (Castelnau & Gory), 1835-1841, Mon. Bup. & Suppl.
Kerremans, 1892, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. I. ^

1S93, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 37.

1896, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 40.

150 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^'^'°^- >'xviii.

1903, Genera Insectorum.
Lacordaire, 1857, Gen. Col., vol. 4.
Le Conte, 1859, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. (Rev. Bup.).

1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. 17 (Col. Florida, Mich.).
Le Conte & Horn, 18S3, Smith. Misc. Coll., 507 (Class. Col.).
Mannerheim, 1837, Bui. Soc. Nat. Mosc, vol. VIII.
Marseul, 1865, L'Abeille, vol. 2.
Packard, 1890, Fifth Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm.
Say, 1825, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. I.

1836, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. VI.
Schaeffer, 1909, Mus. Brookl. Inst. Bui., vol. I, No. 15.
Schwarz, 1878, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 17.
Smith, 1909, N. J. St. Mus. Rept. (Ins. N. J.).
Solier, 1833, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2.
Waterhouse, 1882-97, Biol. Cent. Amer. Col. Ser., vol. 3, part i.

Acknowledgments

We are especially grateful to Mr. C. W. Leng and Mr. Chas.
Schaeffer for placing their collections at our disposal and for refer-
ences to the literature and helpful criticism. For records, specimens
and other help, we take pleasure in extending our sincere thanks to
Mr. C. A. Frost, Mr. H. P. Loding, Mr. W. S. Blatchley, Mr. Howard
Notman and Mr. Gilbert Arrow. '

EXPLAN.\TI0N OF PlATE VI.

Fig. A. T. piincticollis.

Fig. B. T. schaefferi n. sp.

Fig. C. T. agriloides.

Fig. D. T. Iccvicollis.

Fig. E. T. gracilis.

Fig. F. T. albonotatns.

fJouRX. X. ^^ Ext. Soc.)

Vol. XWIII

(Plate VI.)

TAI'llKOCl-.Rrs.)

June, 1920.] ChAMBERLIX : WoOD-BoRING BEETLES. 151

NOTES ON TWO LITTLE-KNOWN WOOD-BORING

BEETLES. CHRYSOBOTHRIS SYLVANIA FALL

AND MELASIS RUFIPENNIS HORN.

(BUPRESTIDiE, ELATERID^.)

By W. J. Chamberlin,
Forest Entomologist? Oregon Agricultural College.

Chrysobothris sylvania Fall.

This buprestid was described by Prof. H. C. Fall (1)1 as follows: Original
Description :

" C. sylvania new species. Closely allied to trinervia, but rather broader
and heavier, the color beneath bright green in the male, dark green with
cupreous reflections in the female; prothorax as abruptly or even -more ab-
ruptly narrowed behind than in front ; elytral costs not as distinctly elevated
as in typical trinervia, the smooth spaces sharply defined, the punctured areas
more densely punctate than in trinerz-ia; sexual characters as in trinervia.
Length 11. 5-1 1.8 mm.; width 5-5.1 mm."

The type material consisted of four specimens, two of each sex,
taken by Mr. Ricksecker at Sylvania, Calif.

The next reference to this species is in Dr. Woodworth's '' Guide
to California Insects" (2) where he merely lists C. sylvania as oc-
curring- in California.

In 1916 Dr. E. C. Van Dyke (3) mentions that the type material
was taken in Sonoma Co., and that ]\Ir. Nunenmacher had taken a
specimen in Del Norte Co., also that specimens had been taken in
Oregon by Mr. J. C. Bridwell and myself. In 191 7 (4) I summarized
the foregoing information and added some Oregon localities to the
distribution and gave Douglas fir as a host tree.

Aside from the brief notes mentioned there has been nothing con-
cerning this species published.

Adult. Length 12 mm.; width 5 mm.

Antennae green, lobes of joints 4 to 1 1 purplish, joints i to 3 more slender
than 4, joints 4 to 1 1 gradually narrowing, third joint as long as the next two.
L'pper front brassy green, lower portion brilliant green, densely, coarsely
punctate with two smooth callosities. Clypeus broadly emarginate. acute at

1 Numbers refer to the bibliography.

152 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxviii.

sides. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides subparallel at middle, narrowing
rapidly one-fourth from apex and base, median sulcus deep at middle, densely
and deeply pvmctured, obliterated by elevated smoother spaces at either end,
broad, irregular, broken, elevated, smooth places each side of median depres-
sion. Elevated spaces irregular, black and smooth, punctured areas brassy
green, more brilliant green along lateral margins. Base of elytra distinctly
wider than thorax, sides parallel for slightly more than one-half their length,
then narrowing sharply and serrate. Apices rounded ; first costa nearly entire,
prominent and smooth ; others obliterated j^ jDasal foveae deep ; remainder of
elytral surface composed of about equal areas of elevated, smooth, dark areas
and depressed, densely punctured, dark green areas ; under parts of male uni-
formly bright metallic green.

Female: Bluish-purple beneath, prosternum more smooth and shining;
anterior tibia arcuate, not suddenly dilated at tip.

Male : Prosternum densely hairy ; anterior tibia arcuate and suddenly di-
lated at tip.

Pupa. The pupa (Plate VII, fig. i) is of the common CJiryso-
hothris type; white or yellowish-white in color, head hent sharply
forward, resting on the breast with the legs and wing pads folded on
the ventral surface. Length, lo to 12 mm.; width, 5 to 5.5 mm.

Larva. The larva (Plate VII, fig. 2) is whitish, and of the typical
flathead type, sparsely covered with fine bristle-like hairs. The ven-
tral plate is oval, roughened and marked by a long inverted V, formed
by two deep grooves, the apex of the V touches the anterior margin
of the plate while the open end stops about one-sixth from the pos-
terior margin. The ventral plate is of the same oval shape but slightly
smaller than the dorsal, the median groove does not reach either mar-
gin. The fourth segment is shorter and narrower than the fifth.
The last segment is decidedly constricted. Length, 24-27 mm. Width
of first thoracic segment, 4.5-5.5 mm.

Egg. The egg is oval, semitransparent, flattened on the side which
comes in contact with the bark ; average measurements are about i by
.6 mm. The eggs are deposited singly, in crevices or under the edge
of bark scales. Observations indicate that eggs may be deposited in
clusters or near to one another, as seven young larvae were found
under one piece of bark, roughly 6 by 8 inches, and three full grown
larvse making pupal cells in an area three inches square.

June, 1920.] ClIAMnF.RLIX : W'OOD-BORING BEETLES. 153

Seasox.vl History.

The eggs are deposited in crevices of the bark in late April and
May, in the vicinity of Corvallis;- the minute larvx enter the bark,
work to the cambium and extend their mines through the cambium,
bark or wood during the summer, fall and winter. Pupation takes
place in ^larch or April and lasts from two to three weeks. Jhe
first adults were noted April i6.

Work and Habits.
The hal)its of the hirv?e differ, some work only a sliort time in the
cambium, excavating their characteristic oval tunnels whicli are about
three-fourths in the bark and one-fourth in the wood; they then enter
the sapwood and often work into the heart wood; others seem to
spend almost their entire larval stage in the cambium. Just prior to
pupation the larva digs to the outer portion of the bark, leaving a
thin covering over the future exit hole. From here the larva in-
variably returns to the sapwood to pupate. From one-fourth to one-
half an inch below the cambium will he found the pupal cell, which
measures from 7 to lo mm. in width and 12 to 15 mm. long, always
parallel to the surface and with the grain of the wood. The mines
are packed with borings and excrement but lack the concentric ap-
pearance of the packings in the mines of many of the group.

Parasites.

The most important parasite of this beetle seem to be a predacious
mite Pcdiculoidcs vcntricosus.^ These mites w'ere found in great
numbers on both larv^ and pupce. The males are hardly visible to the
unaided eye, while the females appear as small spherical yellow bodies,
which might be taken for eggs; the largest are almost one mm. in
diameter. The extent of the ravages of these mites may be judged
from the following experiments.

2 Elevation 400 ft. Latitude 44° 32'. N. Longitude 123° 16' \\.

3 This peculiar species belongs to the small family T ARSON EM I D JE . The
male and female differ radically. The female when mature has the abdomen
enormously swollen so that it is 20 to 100 times greater than the rest of the
body due to the mass of eggs within. The eggs hatch and the young grow
within the body of the parent and are born sexually mature. The male has
almost no abdomen, the body is short and angulate behind. Both sexes possess
needle-like mandibles and sucking mouth parts.

154 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

A piece of wood containing larvae of C. sylz'a)iia was collected in
March and put in a breeding cage. On April 7, the wood was opened
to get larvae for study and the first specimen encountered was dead,
shriveled and covered with mites. Upon further examination 12
larvae and 4 pupae were found, all dead and literally covered with
mites. Another specimen of wood collected in the same locality at
about the same time contained fourteen larvae, ten of which were
either dead or in a dying condition due to the mites. Two were unin-
fested and emerged April 22 and April 24 as male beetles; of the
remaining two, one died from no apparent cause and the other was
parasitized by an ichneumon fly. Three undetermined species of
Ichneumonidae were found to be parasitic upon the beetles. The
largest species was found to be quite common in certain infested logs.
Breeding experiments indicate that about 20 per cent, of the beetles
are destroyed by these ichneumon flies.

Melasis rufipennis Horn.

Of this species I am able to find no reference in our literature other than
the original description by Dr. Horn* followed by the statement that it occurs
in Nevada and Washington Territory.

There are two species of this genus found in our fauna M. pectinicornis
Mels. being the eastern representative and M. rufipennis Horn, the western.
Both species seem to be quite rare.

Original description :

" M. rufipennis n. sp. — Form elongate, subcylindrical, slightly narrowed
behind, piceous, subopaque ; pubescence fulvous, scarcely visible, elytra and
antennze rufo-ferruginous ; antennae atttaining the middle of the thorax, the
third joint nearly twice as long as the visible (in front) portion of the second,
joint four triangular, broader than long, five to ten gradually more prolonged
anteriorly, but less so than in pectinicornis: eyes small, round, feebly convex;
head densely and rather coarsely punctate, not rough, clypeus slightly concave,
front sometimes with a slight transverse carina ; thorax a little wider than
long, slightly narrower behind, sides straight, slightly arcuate at the apical
angles and with a feeble sinuation in front of the hind angles, which are acute
and slightly divergent ; disc moderately convex, densely punctured and roughly
granulate, with a narrow median smooth line very distinctly impressed pos-
teriorly ; elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly, the apices, acute, disc deeply
striate with coarse punctures, the intervals convex, densely punctured, but
more shining than above: legs piceous, tibis and tarsi brown. Length .36-. 42
inch ; 9-19.5 mm."

* Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 7 (1886).

June, 1920.] Ch ANr HF.RLI N : WoOD-BoRING BEETLES. 155

In addition to Horn's description it is well to note that the thorax
is decidedly darker than the elytra, usually hlack. In the male, which
is smaller than the female, the antenn?e is more pectinate, wider, a
little longer. The thorax is decidedly more narrowed posteriorly.
The last ventral segment is elevated at the center into two blunt
spines, in much the same manner as certain Scolytidae. These spines
are present in both sexes but more highly developed in the male.
Dr. Horn gives the length 9-19.5 mm., the latter figure is probably an
error. In examining over 100 specimens the smallest was 8.3 mm.
and the largest '12. 2 mm. long. (Plate VIII, fig. 3.)

Larva. Yellowish white, first segment behind head is flattened and
broader than the others, second slightly broader tlian third, from the
third on the segments are the same size with the exception of the anal
segment which is decidedly constricted. In segments 5 to 1 1 the
anterior third is constricted; the p'osterior two-thirds more rounded
and larger ; length 26 to 29 mm. ; width of first thoracic segment 3.5
mm. Mouth parts dark brown or black and well developed. The
dorsal and ventral plate of the first thoracic segment is marked by a
double '■ TT," dark reddish brown in color, the cross arms of the T's
do not touch; the lateral half of each cross arm is thickened, Plate
VIII. fig. 5.

Pupa. The pupa. Plate VII T, fig. 4. is yellowish, slender, 12 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide; has the cylindrical appearance of the adult; the
head is bent forward on the breast and the appendages are folded on
the ventral surface in the same manner as buprestid pupa?.

Seasonal History.
Larvre, pupae, and fully formed adults were found in April. The
first adults observed emerged April 16 and the last pupa were found
June 2. \\'hat appeared to be full-grown larv;c have been taken in
February, April. June. September and November. This would indi-
cate that more than one year is spent in the larval stage.

Life History.
No eggs were observed and although larva, pupa and adults were
taken from the same tree for three years and hundreds of beetles
emerged, no indications of reinfestation of nearby ttees were ob-

156 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxviil

served. The hundreds of larvae seen were practically all the same
size, no small specimens being observed. The larvae do not work in
the cambium but go directly into the wood.

The mines, Plate VIII, figs, i and 2, are flat, approximately 4 by
1.5 mm. in cross section, very long, winding, often crossing each
other. Before pupation the larva excavates almost to the surface
then retreats back into the wood, enlarges the mine and pupates.
When ready to pupate the larva is always found doubled back on
itself with the head and anal end pressed tightly together. The newly
formed adult makes its way to the surface along the mine made by the
larva. This flat mine is too small to allow the passage of the body
of the adult, so it is forced to enlarge it, emerging through a perfectly
round tunnel from 3.5 to 4 mm. in diameter.

Work.

The flat mines of the larva literally honey-comb the wood of
trees attacked.

A Grand fir tree, sixteen inches in diameter, was found attacked
from the base to a height of eight feet and there was hardly a square
inch of the wood which was not penetrated by at least one mine. This
tree was living when first noted (1914) and the colony of beetles had
been in it for some time as there were numbers of emergence holes
present. In 1916 the tree broke off at a point four and one-half feet
from the ground ; there were still many beetles present in various
stages. The tree was still living but so weakened by the larval mines
that it was an ea^y prey to the wind. The only other colony of these
beetles observed was in a white fir and the tree had been broken off
by the wind in the same manner. A few dead beetles and the char-
acteristic mines gave evidence of the cause.

Distribution: Washington, Oregon and Nevada. In Oregon a
few dead specimens were collected on Paddy Creek near Sparta, in
the Blue Mountains of Grant County, and a large colony lived for
years in a Grand fir tree within a mile of the Oregon Experiment
Station at Corvallis.

Hosts: Taken from Grand fir (Abies graiidis) and white fir (Abies
concolor) .

(JouRN. N. Y. Ent. Soc.)

Vol. XXVIII.

(Plate VI I. j

(CHRYSOBOTHRIS SILVANIA FALL.)

(JouRN. N. Y. Ent. Soc.)

Vol. XXVIII.

(Plate VIII.)

(MELAbll) RUFIPENNIS HORN.)

June, ip^o.l Petruxkevitch : Orchestina saltitaxs. 157

191 o

I9I3
I9I6

1917
I8S6

BlBLIOGR.\PHY.

Fall. Journ. New York Ent. Soc, XVIII, p. 50.
Woodworth, Guide to California Insects, p. 196.
Van Dyke, Ent. News, XXVII. p. 410.
Chamberlin, Ent. News, XXVIII, p. 139.
Horn. Trans. Anicr. Ent. Soc, XIII, p. 7.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate YU.
Fig. I. Adult and pupa of Clirysobothris sylvania Fall, in their cells in
sapwood of Douglas fir. Natural size.

Fig. 2. Full grown larvae of Clirysobothris sylvania. attacked by larvae of
an ichneumonid. Slightly enlarged.

Fig. 3. Same as fig. 2, greatly enlarged.

Plate VIII.
Fig. I. Cross sections of the larval mines of Melasis rufipennis, about
natural size. Note the adult emergence hole near center.

Fig. 2. Grand fir wood showing longitudinal sections of the mines.
Fig. 3. Adult of Melasis rufipennis Horn. (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 4. Pupae of M. rufipennis Horn. (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 5. Larva of M. riifipouus Horn. (Greatly enlarged.)

DESCRIPTION OF ORCHESTINA SALTITANS BANKS.
(ARACHNIDA.)

By Alexander Petruxkevitch, Ph.D.

The family Oonopidae is very poorly represented in the United
States. Banks has described in 1893 one species of Gamasomorpha
from Florida (G. floridana), and in 1894 a species of Orchestina
from New York (O. saltitans). In 1909 Emerton described a male
from Massachusetts, which he identified as O. saltitans. In 1910 I
identified a male caught in Xew Jersey as O. saltabtinda Simon,
a species occurring regularly in Venezuela. Comte de Dalmas has
published a revision of the genus Orchestina in Annales de la Societe
Entomologique de France in 19 16. He makes the suggestion that the
spider described by Emerton is not an Orclicstiiia, but a Tapinesthis.
closely related to Tapinesthis i)ier]nis Simon, a spider found fre-

158 Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^'o'- xxviii.

quently in France, and possibly representing a new species. In the
same paper Gomte de Dalmas puts forward the opinion that the spider ,
which I identified as O. saltabimda is in reaUty the male of O. salti-
tans. That this male is not O. salfabtinda is quite evident from the
structure of the palpus which Dalmas figures on page 227 (figures
24 and 25). Whether it is the male of O. salfifaiis of which Banks
has described only the female, remains an open question. Since how-
ever I omitted to give a description and merely gave two figures, I
thought it advisable to give now a detailed description of my speci-
men and measurements and drawings of the most important parts. To
accomplish this I have cut off the legs and palpi, preserved them as
microscopical slides, made the drawings with the aid of an Abbe
drawing apparatus and the measurements with an ocular micrometer.
For the convenience of the reader I reproduce here first the descrip-
tion of the female given by Banks, with the correction as to its size,
given by Dalmas (in Banks's description a decimal point is omitted
by mistake).

Orchestina saltitans Banks, female. "Length i.i mm. Cephalothorax
whitish, with a black marginal line and a black spot around eyes ; mandibles
pale; legs and palpi yellowish; sternum whitish; abdomen purplish above, quite
dark near tip, center pale, spinnerets white. Cephalothorax quite broad, yet
plainly longer than broad, and broadest a little before the middle; highest
behind the middle and sloping to the narrow clypeus ; no dorsal groove nor
radial furrows; three rows of curved hairs above; eyes large, subequal, all
close together. Mandibles quite long, vertical ; lip quadrangular, broader than
long; sternum triangular, longer than broad, emarginate in front, tapering
behind and prolonged between the posterior coxa. Legs long and slender,
fourth pair as long as first, third pair much the shortest, quite thickly clothed
with hairs, two prominent claws; posterior femora greatly thickened, fully
twice as broad as femur I, and not much over four times as long as broad.
Abdomen nearly globose, but a little longer than high, quite thickly clothed with
stiff hairs ; spinnerets all close together ; region of epigynum slightly swollen,
a transverse furrow, beneath which is a pale area crossed by a yellow line."

One female from Sea-Cliff, Long Island, New York; taken in the
house. When touched by a pencil, leaped backwards three centi-
meters.

Orchestina saltitans Banks, male. (Plate IX.) O. saltabimda Petrunke-
vitch, 1910, nee O. salfabunda Simon, 1892, nee O. saltitans Emerson, 1909.
Length 1.05 mm. Cephalothorax 0.53 mm. long, 0.44 broad between second

June, i93n.] Petruxkevitch : Orchestina saltitaxs.

159

and third pair of legs, very high (figs, i, 2, 8 and 9). Chelicera slender. Max-
illary plates almost parallel, with short scopula at apical quarter. Lip wider
than long, its shape difficult to see. Sternum slightly longer than wide, emar-
ginate in front, cordiform, narrowly produced between the hind coxae (fig. 3)
and very convex (fig. 8). In this connection I should like to point out that
figure I is a reproduction of the original figure which I published in 1910 and
represents the spider in a position in which its back is considerably inclined
toward the observer. After the legs of both sides have been removed by a cut
between the coxae and trochanteres, fig. 8 was drawn with the aid of the draw-
ing apparatus and represents the exact profile of the cephalothorax. From an
examination of this figure it will appear that the carapace is highest between
the second and third coxae and that in front of the first coxae the carapace is
considerably extended downward thus forming a rather high clypeus. It will
also be seen that the convexity of the sternum is greatest in the region of the
second coxae. The carapace slopes therefore more gently forward and the
sternum backward. The eyegroup surrounded by black pigment (figs. 2, 8. and
9) is composed of six eyes, all nocturnal and grayish in color. The middle
eyes which are probably the posterior median eyes are larger than the side
eyes. From above they appear as ovals, but viewed from in front they have
the shape of a somewhat irregular circle. The clypeus is about two and a
half times as high as the diameter of the middle eyes. Abdomen ovoid,
higher than long (fig. i). Anterior spinnerets slightly heavier than posterior
ones. Legs slender II-I-I\'-III, first coxae wide apart (fig. 3). Hind femora
considerably dilated, being only 3.2 times as long as their width in middle
(fig. 6). Measurements of legs in millimeters:

Leg. 1 Femur.

Pat. -1- Tibia.

Metatarsus.

Tarsus.

Total.

I 0.48
II 1 0.49

III 1 0.37

IV 1 0.50

0.62
0.63
0.40
0.57

0.43
0.46
0.32
0.39

0.23
0.23
0.17
0.13

1.76
1. 81
1.26
1.59

Feet with onychium. Claws two, with powerful curved teeth at base (fig.
7), fine teeth in middle third and smooth at apical third. Palpi heavy, with
very large bulb (fig. 5). Tibia much distended. Tarso-mctatarsus spoon-
shaped, half as long as the width of the bulb. Both figs. 4 and 5 were drawn
after the palpi were removed, cleared in oil and preserved as permanent micro-
scopic preparations. The figures Sre easily understood, as they supplement
each other, the one giving a sideview of the entire palpus less its co.xa. the
other a front view of the bulb and tarso-metatarsus. The embolus is long and
thin and is cuned outward. Inside the bulb the small sperm receptacle may
be seen close to its base, and the long sperm duct forming a loop in its middle.
The hair covering the body and appendages is of two types: simple hair of
various length attaining greatest dimensions on the abdomen, and minutely
plumose hair found only on the legs and palpi.

160 Journal New York Entomological Society. t"^'oi- xx\'iii.

Coloration. The general appearance of the spider when viewed with naked
eye is such as if he had a black abdomen and a yellow cephalothorax and legs.
On closer examination under microscope one notices that the coloration of the
abdomen is complex. Curved interrupted black lines the only ones shown on
fig. I so as not to obscure the drawing, are on a general field of purplish spots
and dots with small yellow spaces separating them. The spinnerets are light
yellow. The legs are yellow including coxae. Sternum is dark owing to irreg-
ular pigmentation. Lip and maxillary plates are lighter than the sternum, yet
show pigmentation. Palpi, especially their tibia mottled with black. Bulb
yellow. Chelicera yellow with some black pigmentation in front. Cephalo-
thorax yellow with a narrow black margin, very regular black lines and spots
as shown in figs. 2 and 9, black area around the eyes, and small black dots
and short lines all over the surface.

The only specimen in existence was caught by Mrs. Petrunkevitch
on June 26, 1907, in our home at Short Hills, New Jersey, where we
lived at the time. When I came to study it in 1910, Emerton's paper
was already published. Since his specimen which he identified as the
male of Orchestina saltitans had evidently no resemblance to my
specimen, I reluctantly placed my specimen as O. saltahunda. Is it
after all the male of O. saltitans? The description given by Banks of
the single female which he collected is not sufficient to clear the mat-
ter. There is a certain similarity both in structure and coloration be-
tween his female and my male, but also not inconsiderable differences,
as may be seen from a comparison of the two descriptions. It were
perhaps safer to give my male a new name, but I am not anxious to
increase the number of names. It is strange however that all our
knowledge of Oonopid spiders in the United States is based on four
specimens only. So far as I know, no other specimens have been col-
lected. In the case of Gaii:aso)iwrpIia it is very likely that the species
really occurs in Florida. But is it sure that the other specimens be-
long to the fauna of the United States and have not been accidentally
imported with fruit or some other goods from the West Indies or
Central or South America ?

(JOURN. X. V. Ent. SoC.) Vol XXMII.

(Plate IX.)

(ORCHESTINA SALTI FANS I'.ANKS.)

June, 1920.1 Blatchlev: Xf.w Rhynchophora. KU

SOME NEW RHYNCHOPHORA FROM EASTERN

NORTH AMERICA WITH ADDITIONS TO AND

CORRECTIONS OF THE " RHYNCHOPHORA

OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA."

By W. S. P)Latc]iley,
Indianapolis, Ind.

Since the " Rhynchophora of Northeastern America," prepared by
Chas. W. Leng and myself, was issued in September, 191 6, a number
of undescribed forms have been collected by me or sent in by others.
More extended collecting in southern Florida, especially in the Cape
Sable and Lake Okeechobee regions, have furnished additional notes
on the distribution and habits of a number of species included in the
work. I have therefore prepared this paper, which includes descrip-
tions of new forms from the region covered by us, mention of those
described since 1916 by other authors, notes on habits and extension
of range, and corrections of a number of errors which were bound to
occur in the text of such a work as our " Rhynchophora."

The errors mentioned were, for the most part, made known to me
i)y Col. Wirt Robinson of West Point, N. Y., who. while making ex-
tended use of the work in naming and i)lacing liis species, made a
manuscript list of such errors or suggestions for improvement as
were found or occurred to him. This list he kindly forwarded to me.

In the pages which follow the number before each species is that
of the species in the Rhynchophora. Where a page is cited in paren-
thesis it is also that of the Rhynchophora.

I have found in recent years that many species of Rhynchophora
occurring in Florida hibernate in the adult stage in dead branches,
bunches of dead twigs, leaves or Spanish moss, dead air plants, etc.,
in or about the edges of hammocks. By beating these various objects
above an open umbrella numerous species supposed to be rare have
been found to be frequent or even common in numbers. Examples of
such species are Honnops abduccns Lee, Erodiscus tinaiuus Lee. and
Lcmhodcs soUtarius Boh. At Cape Sable in late February more than
40 species of Rhyncho])hora were thus found hibernating.

162 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

As that portion of the " Rhynchophora " devoted to the family
Scolytidre was prepared by Mr. Leng, I have not covered it in this
paper. A number of additional Scolytids have been taken by me in
Florida, but as yet I have not found time for their determination.

6. Ormiscus saltator Lee. — This small Anthribid evidently occurs
throughout Florida and on the keys. It was beaten from dead
branches at Cape Sable and Key West.

II. Toxotropis floridanus Leng. — This prettily marked species was
described (p. 28) from two specimens taken at Enterprise, Fla. I
have since taken a dozen or more by sweeping ferns in a dense wet
hammock at Dunedin.

24. Toxonotus fascicularis Schon. — I found this a common species
at Cape Sable on the dead branches of the saffron plum, Bumelia
angustifolia Nutt. About Dunedin it hibernates in bunches of Span-
ish moss.

41. Euxenus piceus Lee. — A single specimen of this curious little
Anthribid was found crawling on the beach at Cape Sable. The color
ranges from dark reddish-brown to deep shining black.

42. Rhinomacer pilosus Lee. — It was stated (p. 49) that the mem-
bers of the subfamily Rhinomacerinse '" occur on pine and other
coniferous trees." About Dunedin I find this species frequent during
the winter months in the seed pods of a low shrubby ericad, XoUsma
fruticosa Michx.

59. Rhynchites elusus Blatch. — This species was taken at Lakeland
Feb. II by beating Spanish moss. About Dunedin a half dozen or so
are taken each season in March by sweeping the flowers of the low
myrtle huckleberry, Vaccinium myrsinitcs Lam. It also occurs at
light in April.

83. Apion tenuiforme Fall. — This species was originally described
from specimens in the Schwarz collection from Florida, without more
definite locality. A single specimen from Dunedin, Nov. 8, is at hand.

92. Apion walshii Smith. — A single specimen is at hand taken in
Porter Co., Indiana, May 9. This is the first record from that State.

96. Apion importunum Fall. — Specimens, so named for me by Mr.
Fall, were taken by sweeping in Skinner's Hammock near Dunedin.
It was described from " Georgia and Florida," without more definite
locality, though Fall stated that it is probable that his types came from
"extreme southeastern Florida and adiacent resrion."

June, 1920.] Blatchlf.y : Xew Rhyxchophora. Ifi.S

I2J. Tachygonus lecontei Gyll. — In addition to tlie localities men-
tioned (p. 94) this curious little weevil has l)een taken at Dunedin
and Lakeland, Fla., Jan. 9, Feb. 21, so that it passes the winter in that
region in the adult stage.

127. Epicaerus formidolosus Boh. — Several specimens have been
taken at Dunedin between December 9 and March 15 by sweeping low
shrul)S in dry, sandy open woods.

140. Paragraphus setosus Blatcli. — Both genus and species of this
handsome Otiorhynchid were founded on a unique. Eight specimens
have since been taken, all within one hundred yards of the type local-
ity on Hog Island, not more than three on any one day. It occurs in
company with four other weevils, AyrapJins bcllicus Say, Taiiymecits
lacccna Herbst.. Ban's splcudcus Casey and Chalcodcnniis inccqiialis
Horn, in the axils of the leaves of a yellow flowered thistle Carduus
spinossissimus Walt. By cutting the thistles oil at the ground, then
holding them over a rublier blanket and whacking the leaves from the
stem with a hatchet or trowel, the weevils will be found " playing
possum ■' in the debris left on the blanket. One hundred thistles will
usually yield about 50 Barids, 30 of the A. bcllicus, ten of the Taiiy-
vicciis, two or three of the Chahodcrmns and perhaps one of the
Paragraphus. A hurricane and tidal wave swept the island in Sep-
tember, 1918, and neither thistle nor weevil could be found there the
ensuing winter.

151. Pachnaeus opalus Oliv. — Frequent at Long Key and Key
West, Feb. 2y to ^larch 3, on the foliage of a large purple morning-
glory and that of various shrubs. Occurs in company with Arfipus
floridanus Horn, the latter being the most common Rhynchophorid
found at Key West in early March.

207. Listronotus floridensis Blatch. — This species was found in
numbers near Moore Haven, Fla., March 2. It occurred on the flow-
ers of an arrow-head, Sagittaria, which was growing in the low
swales left by the receding of Lake Okeechobee at that point. Fresh
specimens were more densely and conspicuously scaly than any of the
allied species.

217. Hyperodes crytops Dietz. — This species also occurs in some
numbers on the flowers of Sagittaria and allied plants about Dunedin
and Moore Haven.

164 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii

Hyperodes poseyensis new species.

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Dark reddish-brown densely clothed with
large gray scales, those of beak, occiput and femora with a metallic sheen ;
sides of thorax with a rather broad stripe of larger gray scales, these also
covering the humeri and gradually evanescent on sides of elytra ; disk of elytra
with scattered vague fuscous blotches formed by larger scales. Beak slender,
subcylindrical, distinctly longer than thorax, but feebly tapering, its sculpture
concealed by the large metallic gray scales ; antennal grooves deep, narrow,
sharply defined. - Antennae slender, scape not reaching eye. joints one and two
of funicle slender, subequal, club small, oval. Thorax about as wide as long,
sides broadly rounded, front margin wider than base, sculpture concealed by
the scales, from between which arise numerous slender, pointed inclined black
bristles. Elytra at base strongly emarginate, three-fifths wider than thorax,
humeri prominent ; sides straight and parallel to middle, thence strongly con-
verging to the narrowly rounded apex; disk with sculpture concealed; inter-
vals wide, feebly convex, each with a single row of slender inclined brownish
bristles. First and second ventral segments coarsely and densely punctate, 3-5
finely and more sparsely punctate, the fifth without sexual impressions.
Length 3.8 mm.

Posey County, Ind., April 27. Two specimens taken from beneath
logs. Belongs under dd of Group II (p. 168) of the Rhynchophora,
but size larger, beak longer, thorax relatively narrower and scales
much more metallic in hue than in iiioiifaiius. The bristly hairs of
both thorax and elytra are slender, not at all clavate. By Dietz's key
it runs to his Hyperodes group, which contains only Pacific slope
species.

Hyperodes lodingi new species.

Elongate-oblong, slender, subdepressed. Reddish-brown ; occiput, tip of
beak, middle and sides of thorax and middle of femora darker ; elytra with a
submarginal stripe and a more or less broken subsutural one blackish. Beak
stout, slightly shorter than thorax, subdepressed, feebly bicarinate, densely
reticulate-punctate; upper margin of antenna! grooves directed toward middle
of eyes. Antennae with first and second funicular joints slender, subequal,
scape reaching front margin of eyes ; club large, stout, elongate-oval. Thorax
subcylindrical, about as broad as long, densely and coarsely cribrately punc-
tate; surface with a row of small, oval, silvery yellowish scales arranged
transversely each side of disk and each puncture of middle and sides with a
curved hair-like fcale ; ocular lobes covering one-half the eyes in repose.
Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax, about three times as long as wide;
sides subparallel to beyond middle, thence converging gradually to a conjointly
rounded apex ; surface without setae or pubescence, evenly not densely clothed

June, I920.] Blatchley: Xew Rhynchopiiora. 165

with very small oval silvery gray scales ; disk with rows of close-set rather
coarse punctures, these much wider than the narrow feebly convex inter^'als.
Abdomen rather coarsely and closely punctate, each puncture enclosing a very
small gray scale. Length, 3.5-3.8 mm.

Named in honor of H. P. Lotling of Mobile, Ala., who kindly gave
me four specimens taken near Mobile, August i. He states (Ms.)
that: "They were found after a cloud-l)urst on grasses and other
plants on the site of an old dried-up pond, where they, with many
other things, were trying to save themselves from the flood." This
species belongs under aa of Group III (p. 171) of the Rhyncliophora.
It differs from the other three species there included in being wholly
without setas. The scales are much smaller than in any of the others
and are so arranged that the surface hue is plainly visible. Two of
them, smaller than the others, are probably males, though no sexual
distinctions are evident.

256. Hormops abducens Lee. — A colony of 60 or more specimens
of this rare beetle was found in Skinner's Hammock near Dunedin in
February, 1918. It was in a large bunch of dead twigs and leaves in
a tangle of vines about ten feet above the ground.^ A single specimen
was foimd aliout one-half mile distant in the same haniniock in 191 9.
Leng, in the same number of the Journal cited, p. 209. records it also
from Waco, Texas.

Smicronyx halophilus new species.

Elongate-oval, convex. Dull rtd ; head, antennre, suture of elytra and
tarsi darker. Sides of thorax densely clothed with large, oval, grayish-white
scales : elytra with basal fifth, humeri, and a large oblique patch on median
third thickly clothed, and the three outer intervals and apex more thinly clothed,
with similar scales; entire under surface thickly clothed with circular, ocellate,
white scales. Beak rather stout, of nearly equal size throughout, feebly cur\'ed,
scarcely as long as thorax, male, as head and thorax, female, thickly reticulate-
punctate. Second and third joints of funicle subequal, together scarcely as
long as first. Thorax slightly longer than wide, narrowed in front and con-
stricted near apex, sides broadly rounded, disk densely and finely punctate.
Elytra oval, conjointly nearly two-thirds wider than base of thorax, humeri
prominent ; sides parallel to beyond middle, thence gradually curved and con-
vergent to the narrowly rounded apex: striae narrow, minutely punctate; in-
tervals flat, three times as wide as stride, minutely rugose, without visible punc-
tures or setae. Under surface very finely and thickly punctate, the sculpture
hidden by scales. Length, 2.3-2.7 mm.

1 Sec Journ. \. Y. Ent. Soc, XX\'L 191S, pp. 155-161.

166 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'oi- xxviii.

Described from ii specimens swept from low herbage along the
margins of tidal lagoons at Key West, March i to 3. The color varies
somewhat, some specimens having the disk of thorax, beak and basal
half of elytra blackish like the head. The scales are easily abraded,
in one or two specimens being almost absent. Belongs under a of
Group III (p. 216). Differs from 5". congcstus, its nearest ally, in its
shorter, relatively stouter beak, its longer, narrower thorax, and
especially in the shape and arrangement of its scaly vestiture.

304. Smicronyx apionides Casey. — A single specimen of this very
distinct and prettily marked species was swept from herbage in a low
moist woodland in Knox County, Ind., Oct. 5, 191 7. The first record
for the State.

Bagous pictus new species.

Elongate-oblong. Reddish-brown, densely clothed with grayish-brown and
snow-white scales, the latter forming a narrow median and a broad stripe each
fSide of thorax, the lateral stripes forking in front of middle; the white scales on
elytra covering the humeri and fifth, sixth and seventh intervals to beyond the
middle ; basal portion of third interval and a common spot on second and third
at apical third also white. Beak stout, as long as thorax, strongly deflected,
densely scaly. Head without frontal fovea. Thorax nearly as broad as long,
constricted near apex, densely granulate. Elytra oval, one-third wider than
thorax, humeri oblique ; intervals feebly convex, without tubercles on or near
the declivity. Length, 2.8 mm.

Two specimens taken at Cape Sable, Feb. 24, by sweeping low
herbage along the edge of the beach. Allied to obliquus Lee, but
stouter, without declivity tubercle and with a different and very strik-
ing arrangement of the white scales on elytra.

360. Paragoges minimus Blatch. — A half dozen specimens of this
minute Tychiid, which was described from a unique from Ft. Myers,
were taken at Key West, March 3. They were swept from low herb-
age near the old fort.

361. Erodiscus tinamus Lee. — This was a common species at Cape
Sable where it occurred on dead branches in the hammocks, especially
on those of the saffron plum, or seaside oak, Bnmclia angustifolia
Nutt.

367. Otidocephalus dichrous Lee. — This peculiarly colored species
has been taken on several occasions in June at porch light near Dun-
edin ; also by beating the foliage of bay in a dense hammock.

June, 1920.1 Blatciiley: Xew R'iiyxchophora. 1(i7

Balaninus parvidens Chitt.=— A male of what Dr. F. H. Chittenden
pronounces tliis species was taken at light at Dunedin. Fla., Sept. 20,
and sent to me. This form was mentioned (p. 272) but not described.
The surface is very evenly clothed with a mixture of grayish and pale
brown scales. These are so arranged that no color pattern is evident.
The beak is , slightly shorter than elytra. Length of body 6.2 mm.
\\"hether it is a variety or synonym of B. Innncnilis Casey can only be
told by direct comparison with the type and a better knowledge of the
food hal)its of both.

A female of another species, taken at Dunedin, October 31. Dr.
Chittenden states is probably his B. vicforiciisis. described'' from Vic-
toria and other points in Texas.

Dr. Chittenden protests (Ms.) against the placing (p. 267) of his
B. orthorhynchiis* as a synonym of B. rectus Say, and has sent me a
female of the former bred from Qucrcus rubra for comparison. While
the color and general facies of his specimes is the same as in rectus,
the beak is one-fourth shorter and distinctly less curved in its apical
fifth. The femoral tooth is much smaller, more acutely produced,
with entering angle rounded, not obtuse and oblique as in rectus.
These characters indicate specific differences where only a small
series is present for examination. Whether they will hold throughout
a large series can only be told l)y future study of the two forms.

414. Anthonomus scutellaris Lee. — The southern range of this spe-
cies was given (p. 288) as " Georgia to Texas." It has since been
beaten on several occasions in March from the flowers of a clump of
cultivated plum trees near Dunedin, Fla.

413. Anthonomus elegans Lee. — This handsome sulnnaritime spe-
cies was recorded (p. 289) only from the east coast of Florida. A
half dozen were taken at Cape Sable from the buttonwood. Conocar-
pus erccta L. Two have also been taken on the same shrub on Hog
Island, opposite Dunedin.

421. Anthonomus costulatus Suffr. — This is a common species
along the coasts and keys of southern Florida on the buttonwood and
the mangrove, RJiizoplwra mangle L.

- Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, 24.
•■' Bull. 44. U. S. Div. Ent., 1904, 31.
* Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, 26.

168 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- ^xviii.

424. Anthonomus grandis Boh. — This destructive species has not
yet done much damage in Florida. A specimen from Lake City is at
hand. It was not known from that State in 191 6.

441. Anthonomus uniformis Blatch. — A number of examples of
this species have been taken at Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla., in Febru-
ary and March. It occurs only in the vicinity of ponds and lakes on
huckleberry and other low shrubs.

446. Anthonomus unicus Blatch. — Since 1916 this species has been
collected at Lakeland and Okeechobee City, Fla. It hibernates in
bunches of Spanish moss and in spring occurs on foliage about the
borders of hammocks.

449. Anthonomus varipes Duval. — This well marked weevil has
been taken in small numbers at both Cape Sable and Key West. It
was beaten from foliage of saffron plum and was also found' beneath
logs on the beach.

Baris australis new species.

Elongate-oblong ; moderately slender. Black, strongly shining with a
purplish or bronze metallic lustre. Beak two-thirds the length of thorax, stout,
feebly curved, very finely and sparsely punctate. Head alutaceous, minutely
and very sparsely punctate. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides straight
for three-fourths their length, then rounded to apex ; disk strongly convex,
coarsely punctate, the punctures separated by their own diameters, those near
apex gradually smaller. Elytra elongate-oval, as wide at base as thorax,
sides straight and parallel to apical fifth, thence rounded into apex ; striae fine,
deep, impunctate ; intervals wide, flat, each with a single row of widely spaced,
rather fine punctures, those of the third interval slightly confused. Sterna
coarsely and closely, abdomen finely and sparsely, punctate ; third and fourth
abdominal segments each with only a single post-median cross-row of small
punctures. Length, 2.8-3 mm.

Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla. ; Billy's Island, Ga. ; Feb. i to June.
Swept from huckleberry and other low shrubs along the margins of
ponds. Allied to B. hypcrion Casey, but smaller, relatively broader,
the punctures of thorax coarser, much less numerous. Specimens
were submitted to Col. Casey who stated that they were unknown
to him.

Pseudobaris connectans new species.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black, shining; femora piceous ; antennae, tibias and
tarsi reddish-brown. Beak nearly as long as head and thorax together, stout,

June, 1920.] BlATCHLKY : Xf.W Rh YXCHOPIIORA. 169

Strongly curved, both it and head finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax about
as wide as long, sides parallel from base to middle, then gradually converging
to the feebly constricted apex ; disk with a narrow, smooth median line,
coarsely, evenly and closely punctate, the punctures ocellate, separated by about
two-thirds their own diameters. Elytra conjointly oval, as wide at base as
thorax ; stria; fine, deep ; intervals longitudinally concave, each with a single
row of rather large, well separated punctures. Pygidium, under surface and
femora coarsely and densely punctate. Tarsal claws connate for three-fourths
their length. Prosternal groove distinct but wide and rather shallow ; front
and middle coxas widely separated. Length, 3.3 mm.

Described from one specimen taken at Plummer's Island, Md.,
Sept. 10. During tlie preparation of the Barini portion of tlie Rhyn-
chophora the generic placement of this specimen was the subject of
quite a correspondence between Col. Casey and myself. Hoping that
additional specimens might turn up it was not included in that work.
It seems to form a sort of connecting link between Baris and Psciido-
baris. In general facies it resembles the former group, but the widely
separated front coxae, long beak and pubescent basal joint of antennal
club preclude its being placed in Baris. On the other hand the pro-
sternal groove is not abrupt and narrow as in typical Pscudobaris. It
perhaps should serve as the type of a new genus.

598 (11,177). Nicentrus grossulus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,
VII, 1893, 599. — This name and citation should replace that of Ni-
centrus canus Lee. (p. 392), Casey having wrongly identified^ speci-
mens from Enterprise and Haw Creek, Fla., as Leconte's Ccntrinus
caniis. His correction and renaming of the species was overlooked
by us. A specimen of N. grossulus was swept from sea blite. Batis
viarititna L., on Hog Island opposite Dunedin on March 26. It is
more oblong and slender than Limiiobaris caiia Lee, is 4.5 mm. in
length and densely clothed above with elongate-oval brownish-yellow
scales; those on thorax arranged transversely. Known only from
Enterprise, Haw Creek and Dunedin, Fla.

Eisonyx Lee. 1880, 216.
This genus is related to Microholus Lee. and Oomorphidius Casey,
but differs from both in having the body rhomboidal ; beak thick,
shorter than thorax, feebly curved; middle and hind tibiae very stout,
5 .^nn. X. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1892, 614.

170 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

coarsely pubescent ; tarsal claws single. Three species are known,
two from Texas and Missouri, the other

Eisonyx {Einnononycha) picipes Pierce, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LI, 1916, 472.
Rhomboidal, convex, widest between basal third and fourth of elytra.
Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with very small patches of linear scales
on base of beak, sides of thorax and bases of third and seventh elytral inter-
vals. Beak densely, deeply and finely punctate, separated "from head by a trans-
verse, sharply defined groove. Thorax as long as wide, apex half as wide as
base, disk deeply, strongly and irregularly punctate with median and discal
smooth areas. Greatest width of elytra about one-half wider than that of
thorax ; striae strong at base, gradually evanescent ; punctuation extremely fine
and sparse. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, the first and second seg-
ments connate at middle. Length, 2.5—3.7 mm.

Described by Pierce from several specimens taken at Nashville,
Tenn., in August and September, some of them from the roots of an
aster. Belongs to Casey's genus Enuwnonyclia^^' which Pierce, loc. cit.,
reduces to a subgenus of Eisonyx.

Limnobaris cana Lee, 1876, 421.

Black, shining, antennae and legs dull red; upper surface rather thickly
clothed with small Oval gray scales. Beak rather stout, shorter than thorax,
deeply, densely lineato-punctate, male, as long as head and thorax, slender,
slightly curved, polished, punctured only at base, female. Thorax scarcely as
long as wide, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytral striae deep, inter-
vals flat, rugosely punctate, the scales not arranged in rows. Fifth ventral
one-half longer than fourth. Length, 4.7-5 mm.

This name and description should be inserted above Number 617,
p. 402. The species is known froin St. Augustine, Tybee Beach and
Enterprise, Fla., and Santo Tomas, Texas.

633. Catapastus albonotatus Linell. — A number of specimens of
this little Barid were taken by beating in the midst of the dense ham-
mocks at Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 21 to 2'^. It is the smallest member
of the genus.

Barilepton robusta new species.

Elongate, robust ; subcylindrical. Black, shining ; legs and antennae dull
reddish-brown ; above evenly and densely clothed with slate-gray scales, those
on thorax lanceolate-triangular and arranged transversely, their margins con-
tiguous ; those on elytra elongate-oval, smaller, irregularly overlapping ; under

oAnn. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 601.

lune, lojo.i Dlatchley: Xkw Riiyxchophora. 171

surface thickly clothed with still smaller, oval, silver-gray scales. Beak stout,
compressed, scarcely half as long as thorax, basal half coarsely granulate-
punctate, gradually smoother towards tip. Head alutaceous, very finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half longer than wide, sides parallel from base
to apical third, thence converging to the strongly constricted apex, the latter
one-third or more narrower than base ; sculpture hidden, the median smooth
line narrow, subcarinate, almost entire. Elytra as wide and three times longer
than thorax, sides parallel from base to apical fifth, then feebly converging into
the broadly rounded tips ; strine fine, shallow ; intervals flat, alutaceous, rather
coarsely, irregularly punctate. Single tarsal claw stout, as long as third tarsal
joint, feebly cleft at tip. Length, 6.7-8 i^m.

This handsome weevil was first taken from the margin of a lake
three miles east of Lakeland. Fla., Feb. 16, 1919. Four specimens
were secured by cutting off close to the ground clumps of a coarse
saw-grass and shaking them over a rubber blanket. With the w^vils
were found a half dozen specimens of a rare Buprestid beetle,
Taphroccnis piiiicticollis Schz. These two beetles, which are quite
similar in form, were evidently hibernating between the bases of the
leaves and stems of the saw-grass. On March 2t„ nine more speci-
mens of the weevil were found in clumps of a similar saw-grass by
the side of Lake Butler, near Tarpon Springs, 50 miles northwest of
Lakeland. This species is twice or more larger than our other east-
ern members of the genus Barilepton. Its dense scaly slate-gray
vestiture is also very distinctive.

710. Perigaster obscura Lee. — It is very doubtful whether this is
more than a southern race or \-ariety of P. crctiira Herbst. Speci-
mens have been taken about Dunedin which appear to be intermediate
between the two.

The paucity of species of the tribe Ceutorhynchini in b'lorida is
remarkable. During seven winters' collecting I have taken but five
species in the State, viz., Craponins inccqualis Say, Aiilcutcs ncbulosus
Lee, Ccutorhynchiis floridanus Leng, Perigaster cretiira Herbst. and
P. obscura Lee. Of the 66 species of the tribe recognized in the
Rhynchophora 34 were recorded from Indiana and only eight from
Florida, three being common to both states.

697. Ceutorhynchus transversus Blatch. — This was described from
a unique from Starke County, Ind. Three additional specimens were
taken May 5. 1918. by sweeping herbage in a low moist spot close to
White River, five miles northwest of Indianapolis.

172 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

733. Conotrachelus seniculus Lee. This is a very common species
in the Okeechobee and Cape Sable regions in early spring. It occurs
on low vegetation and is also attracted to light.

'J2,']. Conotrachelus serpentinus Boh. — This has been taken in some
numbers about Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla., where it occurs in ham-
mocks on the foliage of the red bay, Pcrsca horbonia L.

738. Conotrachelus helfragei Lee. — Three additional examples of
this prettily marked weevil have been taken since 1916, one at Dun-
edin, March 14, by beating sea grape, Coccolobis uvifcra (L.) on Hog
Island, the other two at Cape Sable on Conocarpiis erecta L. It was
hitherto known only from Eustis, Ela., and Texas.

. Conotrachelus maritimus Blatch. — This species was described''^

from nine specimens taken near Dunedin in February from beneath
debris within 50 feet of the beach of Clearwater Bay. The species
belongs in Group III, p. 476, of the Rhynchophora. Only two or
three additional specimens have been since obtained.

742. Conotrachelus floridanus Fall. — Frequent at Cape Sable in late
February, where it occurred on the dead branches and foliage of the
saffron plum, Bumclia angustifolia Nutt. This common shrub, known
to the natives of the Cape as " seaside oak," grows in dense clumps
along the edges of the hammocks and was productive of more species
of Coleoptera than any other half dozen forms of vegetation in that
region. One of the specimens of C. floridanus was 6.3 mm. in length.

. Conotrachelus biscayensis Fall, Can. Ent., XLIX, 1917, 385. —

This species was described from a unique female taken by Hubbard
and Schwarz at Biscayne, Fla. Fall states that by Le Conte's table it
would fall near gcminatus, but more nearly resembles floridanus from
whiph it differs in its less elongate (4.1 mm.) body and very differ-
ently sculptured ventral segments, the first being coarsely and sparsely
punctate, the others smooth and polished at middle, punctate only at
sides.

. Conotrachelus ohesus Fall, loc. cit., p. 386. — Described from a

single Georgia specimen, closely allied to anaglypticus, but larger (5
mm..), with thorax wider and elytral costse 3, 5, 7 and 9 acutely cari-
nate, the carinse of the third and fifth abruptly interrupted before
the middle.

7 Can. Ent., XLIX, 1917, 278.

June, 1920.] Blatchley : New Riiyxciiophora. 173

74S. Conotrachelus coronatus Lee. — A single specimen was taken
near Lakeland, Feb. 16, by beating clumps of saw-grass over a rubber
blanket. It is notable for its small size (3 mm.), the tubercles of
thorax and elytra, and by having the beak abruptly obliquely declivent
at apical third. Known heretofore only from two specimens taken
by Schwarz at Enterprise. Fla.

761. Chalcodermus inaequicollis Horn. — A dozen or more specimens
have been taken, all from the leaf axils of a thistle on Hog Island.

ydd. Tyloderma maculata Blatch. — Described from a unique taken
at Little River, Ma. Two additional specimens have been taken, one
near Moore Haven, Fla., ]\[arcli 3. the other from Hog Island, by
sweeping Balls nuiritiiiui L., March 26.

76S. Tyloderma variegata Horn. — Taken since 19 16 at La Belle,
Palm Beach Canal, Lakeland and Dunedin. Fla., by sweeping ferns
in dense hammocks.

. Tyloderma laevicollis Blatch. — This species was described^

from two specimens taken March 4 by beating at the point where the
Palm Beach Canal leaves the east shore of Lake Okeechobee. Allied
to T. variegata Horn, but much smaller. The elongate slender form,
almost smooth thorax and deep subapical striae of elytra readily
separate this from any known species.

Tyloderma minima new species.

Oblong-oval. Black, more or less bronzed, strongly shining ;, legs, and
rarely the entire surface, dark reddish-brown. Beak stout, one-third shorter
than thorax, alutaceous, finely and very sparsely punctate. Head smooth but
with a shallow oval fovea. Thorax oval, its front margin projected forward,
partly covering the head, very finely alutaceous, usually absolutely smooth,
rarely with a few vague, shallow punctures on front margin. Elytra elongate-
oval, one-third wider at base than thorax, disk with rows of very faint punc-
tures, these evanescent behind the middle, the subsutural row coarser and
nearly entire. Under surface minutely alutaceous, impunctate. Length, 2.3-
2.8 mm.

Ormond, Moore Haven, Bassenger, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla.,
Jan. II to April 14. This is the small form mentioned (p. 494) in the
notes under T. punctata Casey. It occurs abundantly in southern
Florida beneath cover along the margins of fresh water, mating in
February and March. T. punctata, which also occurs in small num-

8 Can. Ent.. LI, 1919. 99-

174 ■ Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^'oi. xxviii.

bers in Florida, is always larger, not less than 3.5 mm., with head and
subapical constriction of thorax distinctly punctured, and the punc-
tures of elytra, especially along the flanks, very coarse. No inter-
mediate forms have been found.

775. Lembodes solitarius Boh. — This curious Cryptorhynchid, usu-
ally considered rare, I found quite frequent about Cape Sable, 30 or
more specimens having been taken, mostly by beating the dead limbs
of Bumelia angustifolia Nutt.

780. Pseudomus inflatus Lee. — Common at Key West on the foliage
of the sea-grape, Coccolobis uvifera L.

781. Pseudomus sedentarius Say. — A single example was taken at
Lakeland, Fla., Feb. 13, by beating bunches of Spanish moss. Known
heretofore only from Ormond and Enterprise, Fla.

784. Acalles granosus Lee. — Two specimens of this handsome and
distinctively marked weevil were taken Feb. 17, beneath chunks of
saw-palmetto stems along the edge of the beach of Clearwater Bay,
one mile north of Dunedin. Hitherto known only from the east coast
of that State.

791. Acalles minimus Blatch. — Several examples of this pygmy of
the genus were taken at Cape Sable by beating in dense hammocks.

Acalles sablensis new species.

Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown, above densely clothed with dirty gray,
white and fuscous scales ; the white ones forming a vague stripe each side and
a quadrate spot at middle of base of thorax, and a broad common V-shaped
blotch on the declivity of elytra; this bordered in front by an irregular cross
band of fuscous scales, these also forming several scattered blotches on disk of
thorax and basal half of elytra and a broad common one on middle of declivity.
Under surface thickly clothed with round white scales. Beak broad, flattened,
subspatulate, about as long as thorax, naked except at base, finely and sparsely
punctate, carinate on basal third. Thorax slightly broadfer than long, strongly
narrowed and broadly constricted in front of middle, sides rounded. Sculpture
concealed, disk with numerous scattered, very short forward-inclined setse.
Elytra oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides parallel to apical third,
thence gradually converging to the conjointly rounded apex ; sculpture of disk
concealed ; intervals convex, each with a single row of short white, backward-
inclined bristles. Length, 3-5 mm.

Two specimens, differing much in size but otherwise very similar,
were collected at Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 21 to 23. They were taken
about six miles apart by beating dead branches in dense hammocks.

June, J020.] Blatchlf.y: Xkw Rhyxchophora. 17.")

No sexual differences are indicated. The larger one is duller colored,
having only a trace of the basal white spot of thorax and with the
median fuscous spot of elytral declivity much wider.

Pseudoacalles maculatus new species.

Broadly oval, very robust. Blackish-piceous, antennx and tarsi reddish-
brown ; thorax sparsely, elytra densely, clothed with dull clay-yellow and white
scales, the latter forming a narrow median line and some small spots on thorax
and numerous scattered spots on each elytron. Under surface covered with
larger similar scales. Beak stout, subdepressed, as long as thorax, coarsely
thickly punctate, striate at sides, carinate above on basal half. Head coarsely
punctate. . Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, apex
distinctly constricted, disk very coarsely, densely, more or less confluently
punctate, each puncture closed by a round scale. Elytra at base scarcely as
wide as middle of thorax, sides feebly curved from humeri to apical third, then
strongly converging to the rather narrowly rounded apex ; strise fine ; intervals
broad, flat, their sculpture concealed. Second and fifth ventral segments sub-
equal in length, each more than twice as long as the third and fourth which
are also subeciual. Length, 4.2 mm.

Described from a single specimen taken February 25. by sweeping
at Cape Sable. Larger and much more robust than P. nuchalis Lee,
with thorax much wider, its apex more suddenly constricted. The
elytra are prettily mottled and witliout seta', but each interval of the
declivity has a median row of slightly larger, more projecting pale
scales.

803. Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. — Taken in some numl)ers on
willow near In(liana])olis in June. 1917. The first record for the State.

805. Cryptorhynchus helvus Lee. — A single specimen is at hand
from Gainesville. Fla.. and another is in the Leng collection without
locality label. These are the only ones, other than the type, so far
known.

810. Cryptorhynchus apiculatus Gyll. — .A. few specimens are taken
each spring near Dunedin by beating dead branches in wet hammocks.
One was also taken near Okeechobee City, March 6.

812. Cryptorhynchus schwarzi Blatch. — Four specimens have been
taken by me since 1916. one at Moore Haven, another at Cape Sable,
from between grass roots close to the beach, and two by beating
buttonwood. Conocarpus crccta L.. on Hog Island, opposite Dunedin,
>Larch 8.

176 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

8i8. Anchonus duryi Blatch. — Taken in company with Cono-
trachclus maritimiis Bl. from beneath chunks along the bay front at
Dunedin.

822. Dryotribus miraeticus Horn. — Frequent at Cape Sable in
company with Gonoiiotits angnUcollis Suft'r. beneath logs along the
beach, the latter species occurring by hundreds.

839. Caulophilus latinasus Say. — Found hibernating in large
bunches of Spanish moss along the borders of lakes near Lakeland,
Fla., a dozen or more specimens having been taken in February.

879. Sphenophorus chittendeni Blatch. — Three additional speci-
mens of this well marked species have come to hand since 1916, two
from Dunedin, the type locality, where they were found crawling on
the sidewalk, the other from Billy's Island, Ga. Chittenden reports
another in his collection from Eaugallis, Fla. The males are dis-
tinctly the smaller and more slender and the smooth median area of
thorax varies much in form and size.

. Sphenophorus deficiens Chitt. Mss. — One specimen, to which

Dr. Chittenden gives this name, was taken by me from beneath a log
on the ocean beach at Ormond, Fla., March 15. His type is from
Crescent City. Fla. It is closely related to :;c(c Walsh, but is larger,
with beak stouter at base and the lateral vitt^e of thorax almost ob-
literated.

Sphenophorus omissus new species.

More slender than its nearest ally, S. at<r Walsh. Black, feebly shining ;
antennas and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak slender, one-half as long as
thorax, strongly compressed beyond the antennal fossae, both it and head
minutely and sparsely punctate, without basal or frontal groove. Thorax about
one-third-longer than wide, sides parallel from base to apical third, then
rounded to the constricted apex ; disk without elevated vittas ; rather finely and
irregularly punctate and with a narrow smooth median line on apical half,
niuch more coarsely and sparsely punctate on basal portion. Elytra as wide
at base as thorax, widest just behind humeri, the sides thence regularly con-
verging to the conjointly narrowly rounded tips; inter\'als of disk flat, sinuous,
each with a row of minute punctures ; strije with very coarse punctures which
cause the sinuosity of the intervals. Pygidium coarsely and shallowly punctate.
Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate, the first and second segments broadly
and shallowly concave in male. Length, 6.3 mm.

Two specimens collected March 31 from beneath log near border
of pond at Dunedin, Fla. Belongs under gg of Group D (p. 561), but

June, 19^0.] Blatchley : Xew Rhynchophora. 177

in general facies and sculpture of elytra resemhles zccc; from wliich
it is at once distiniruislied by the lack of thoracic vittie.

885a. Sphenophorus callosus sublaevis Chitt. — Dr. Chittenden (Ms.)
states: ''This species (siiblcrz'is) is absolutely not a variety of collosus.
It is more nearly related to destructor Chittn., from which it is sepa-
rated by its much more irre.cjular elytral surface. I freely admit that
the> distinction (between destructor and siibUcvis) is not very strong,
but I find no specimens which intergrade sufficiently to separate
sublcrvis as a race of the other." The Vigo County, Ind., specimen
recorded (p. 568) he places as destructor, the Lake County ones as
subl<cvis. He al-so adds: " S. destructor is one of the variable species
and I have found it on occasions in the same lot with callosus but
have no trouble in separating it from that species by the characters of
the thorax alone, the middle vitta being irregular, elongate fusiform.
with an irregular interrupted, shining black elevated line extending
from apex to near base. This finely elevated line is never found in
callosus." Basing conclusions on small series, Dr. Chittenden is justi-
fied in his statement, but if a collection from the entire countrv were
brought together, it would perhaps show that destructor, callosus and
sublccvis would merge, sublccz'is being the northern race of the other
two, the typical form being callosus. All three are also closely related
to S. zecv Walsh.

S89a. Calandra oryzse zea-mais Mots. — Of this form Dr. Chitten-
den (Ms.) says: "This is an absolute synonym of oryza. Years of
experience in rearing this insect has convinced me that it is not
divisible into distinct species or even races. The size is dependent
upon the food supply. Large specimens are usually bred from com-
paratively soft corn where they have an abundance of food; small
ones from small grains of hard rice."

Err.ata AND Suggested Changes in the Text of the Rhynchophora
OF Northeastern America.

Page.

30. Fourth line under Eurymycter. — Change " from above " to

'■ from the sides and below."
47. Fifth line from bottom, insert " bust."
164. Change Roman numeral before Hypcrodes to V.

178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [N'oI. xx\'iii.

268. Col. Robinson suggests that " Basal part of " should be inserted
after a and aa of key, as in all species the distal part of the
tooth is at right angles with femur. He also suggests that
" pubescence condensed on and behind scutellum '' should be
omitted from aa as this is true of all members of the group.

299. Insert " not " after " color " in c of key.

349. Last line in hb of first key, cut out "' or longer than " and in- .
sert " as."

386. Change numbers and name of second species to:

587 (11,168). Odontocorynus pinguescens Casey, 1892, 599.

425. Fourteenth line, insert "usually" before "prolonged."

426. Second line of bb of key, insert "to cut off the third" after

" prolonged."

431. Exchange the second line of the description of Acanthoscelis
curtus Say for the second line of that of Acanthoscelis men-
dicus Dietz. In making corrections of the two lines the
printer put each one back in the wrong place.

440. First line, add " to cut off the third " after " sides."

443. Serial number 694 should be 684.

444. Line beginning with " channel " under No. 686 should take the

place of line beginning with " channel " under No. 687, and

vice versa.
454. In third line of cc of key add "except in Rhinoncus."
537. Fifth line under Rhyncolini, change "latter" to "former."
540. Insert (11,227) after the serial number 847.

COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT WINDSOR, BROOME

CO., N. Y., 26 MAY TO 5 JUNE, 1918, WITH

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS.

By Howard Notman,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

CiciNDELiD^. Cicindela purpurea,

Cicindela se.rgitttata Fabr. (lo) var. graminea Schp. (i)

Cicindela purpurea Oliv. (4) Cicindela repanda Dej. (9)

June, 1920.]

XOTMAX : COLEOPTERA, X. Y

179

Caribid.^.
Carabus linibatus Say. (i)
Calosonia caliduiii Fabr. (1)
Elaphrus cicatricosus Lee. (i)
Elaphrus ruscarius Say. (12)
Nebria palUpes Say (5)
Dyscliirius globulosus Say. (i)
Clivina inipressifroits Lee. (i)
Schicogeniiis lineolatus Say. (9)
Schicogeiiitis aniphibius Hald. (i)
Bembidium punctatostriatum Say. (8)
Bembidium iticcquale Say. (13)
Bembidium lionestum Say. (i)
Bembidium nigrum Say. (2)
Bembidium simplex Lee. (4)
Bembidium plauiusculnm Mann. (2)
Bembidium complaiuilum Mann. (2)
Bembidium basiconte n. sp. (3)
Bembidium fugax Lee. (3)
Bembidium planum Hald. (17)
Bembidium grandiceps Hayw. (18)
Bembidium picipes Kby. (11)
Bembidium postremum Say. (i)
Bembidium oberthiiri Hayw. (i)
Bembidium variegatu>n Say. (i)
Bembidium posticum Hald. (3)
Bembidium patruele Dej. (49)
Bembidium decipiens Dej. (6)
Bembidium' versicolor Lee. (5)
Bembidium 4-maculatum Linn. (10)
Bembidium semistriatum Hald. (8)
Tachys scitulus Lee. (6)
Tachys corruscus Lee. (4)
Tachys Iccvus Say. (11)
Tachys tripuuctatus Say. (18)
Tachys incurvus Say. (23)
Pterostichus honestus Say. (2)
Pterostichus stygicus Say. (3)
Pterostichus lucublaiidus Say. (17)
Pterostichus luctuosus Dej. (i)
Pterostichus erythropus Dej. (4)
Amara augustata Say. (3)
Amara pallipes Kby. (3)
Amara ccneopolita Csy. (i)
Amara edax n. sp.

Platyuus augustatus Dej. (1)
Platynus deceits Say. (i)
Platynus reflexus Lee. (i)
Platynus extensicollis Say. (15)
Platynus anchomenoides Rand. (5)
Platynus atratus Lee. (3)
Platynus melanarius Dej. (5)
Platynus cupripennis Say. (17)
Platynus nitidulus Dej. (2)
Platynus picipennis Kby. (i)
Galerita janus Fabr. (5)
Lebia atriventris Say. (i)
Lebia viridis Say. (7)
Lebia ornata Say. (5)
Apristus cordicollis Lee. (2)
Brachynus ballistarius Lee. (i)
Brachynus fumans Fabr. (i)
Agonoderus pallipes Fabr. ,(i)
Agonoderus comma Fabr. (7)
Harpalus vulpeculus Say. (i)
Harpalus viridicrneus Beauv. (3)
Harpalus compar Lee. (i)
Harpalus pleuriticus Kby. (i)
Harpalus viduus Lee. (i)
Stenolophus fuscatus Dej. (i)
Sfenolophus rotundatus Lee. (5)
Bradycellus rupestris Say. (i)
Bradycellus debilipcs Say. (6)
Bradycellus tantillus Chd. (i)
Phil odes testaceus Lee. (i)
Anisidactylus harrisii Lee. (4)
Anisodactylus nigerrimus Dej. (2)
Anisodactylus discoideus Dej. (i)

DYSTICID.E.
Laccophilus maculosus Germ. (13)
Bidessus affinis Say. (4")
Hydroporus modestus .\ube. (3)
Ilybius biguttulus Germ, (i)

Cyrix iD.E.
Gyrinus limbatus Say. (7)
Gyrinus dichrous Lee. (2)
Dineutes discolor Aube. (14)

180

Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.

Hydrophilid.e.
Tropistenuis glaber Hrbst. (i)
Laccobius agilis Rand. (8)
Philhydriis cinctits Say. (i)
Pbilhydnts per plexus Lee. (i)
Cymhiodyia fiinbriata Mels. (2)
Cymbiodyta blanchardi Horn. (2)
Creniphilus digestus Lee. (9)
Sphcrridhim scarabccoides Linn. (2)
Cercyon uiiipitnctatits Linn, (i)
Cercyon iticrematits n. sp.
Cercyon basillaris n. sp.
Cryptop!ejirum iinuutnm Fabr. (i)

SlLPHID^.

Necrophorus marginatus Fabr. (2)
Saplia i)i(rqua!is Fabr. (i)
Silpha noveboracensis Forst. (i)
Colon asperatiim Horn, (i)
Anisoioma punctatostriata Kby. (i)
Liodes obsoleta Mels. (i)
Agathidiuui exignum ]\Iels. (7)

SCYDMAENID.5:.

Scydmccntis pcrforatus Schm. (2)

PSELAPHID^.

Pilopius lacustris Csy. (i)
Decarthron exiguuin n. sp.
Batrisodes spretus Lee. (i)
Rhexiiis insculptus Lee. (3)

Staphylixid.e.
Paralesteva pallipes Lee. (13)
Geodromicus brunneus Say. (2)
Trogophlceus quadripunctatus Say. (10)
Trogophlccxts morio Er. (11)
Trogophlxns rivularis Mots. (12)
Trogophlceus difficilis Csy. (i)
Trogophlceus t'olaiis n. sp.
Trogophlceus vcspertinus n. sp.
Trogophlceus subtiiis Er. (i)
Trogophlcetts pudicus Csy. (i)
Oxytehts laqueatns Marsh, (i)
Oxytelus nitidulus Grav. (2)

Oxytclus tetracarinatus Block, (i)
Platystethus americamts Er. (i)
Bledius fracticoniis Payk. (4)
Bledius emarginatus Say. (4)
Stenus bipunctatus Er. (10)
Stenus fulvoguttatus n. sp.
Stenus juno Fabr. (i)
Stenus edax n. sp.
Stenus perexilis n. sp.
Stenus obtrusus Csy. (10)
Stenus colonus Er. (7)
Stenus flavicornis Er. (9)
Stenus canadensis Csy. (i)
Stenus punctatus Er. (2)
Stenus ccenicohts Ntm. (5)
Eucesthetus aiiiericanus Er. (i)
Gastrolobium bicolor Grav. (2)
Hesperobiuni cribratuni Lee. (i)
Pccderus littorarius Grav. (10)
Lathrobium proceruni Csy. (i)
Lathrobiuni armatuin Say. (i)
Lathrobioma othioides Lee. (i)
Lathrobionta tenuis Lee. (i)
Lathrobiella collaris Er. (19)
Lathrobiella fragilis Csy. (2)
Scopcrtis quadriceps Ntm. (2)
Astenus discopunctatus Say. (6)
Gyrohypnus nielanops Csy. (i)
Gyrohypnus fusciceps Lee. (2)
Neobisnius sobrinus Er. (3)
Neobisnius pccderoides Lee. (2)
Neobisnius terminalis Lee. (3)
Philonthus quadricollis Horn, (i)
Philonthus lomatus Er. (2)
Philonthus blandus Grav. (i)
Staphylinus badipes Lee. (i)
Staphylinus macnlosus Grav. (i)
Ontholestes cingulatus Grav. (i)
CreophihiS maxillosus,

var. villosus Grav. (i)
Acylophorus pronus Er. (3)
Tachinus repandus Horn, (i)
Tachyporus jocosus Say. (2)
Tachyporus chrysomelinus Linn. (2)
Tachyporus brunneus Fabr. (3)

June, 1920.]

XOTMAX : COLEOPTERA, X. Y.

1.^1

Coiiosonia opicum Say. (i)
Boletobins ciitcticollis Say. (i)
Bolctobiits quwsitor Horn, (i)
Bryofonis nifescciis Lee. (i)
MyllfTiia viilpiiia Bernh. (3)
Siliisida blanchardi Csy. (3)
Gyrophcciia flavicoruis Mcls. (34)
Hoplandria lateralis Mels. (8)
Atltcta nigritula Grav. (3)
Atheta dcntata Bernh. (6)
Atheta palustris Kiesw. (15)
Pclurga luridipennis Mann, (i)
Daya iiigratula Csy. (i)
Metaxya magniceps Sahl. (16)
Alocoiiola cambrica Wollas. (4)
Pancota panda Csy. (13)
Coprothassa sordida Marsh. (2)
Colpodota parva Sahl. (i)
Giiypcta baltifera Lee. (2)
Tacliyitsa cavicollis Lee. (14)
Falagria dissecta Er. ( i )
Aleochara bimaculata Grav. (i)
Oxypoda schaefferi n. sp.
Oxypoda obliqua Csy. (i)

Trichopterygid^.
Ptoiidiiim foveicolle Lee. (i)
Triclwpteryx aspera Hald. (i)
Trichopteryx discolor Hald. (16)
Sniicnis filicornis Fairm. (i)

SCAPHIDIID.E.

Scaphisoina rubens Csy. (8)

Ph.m.acrid.e.
Stilbus atoiiiarius Linn. (14)

COCCINELLID^.

Megilla maciilata DeG. (i)
Adalia bipuitctata Linn, (i)

Erotylid^.
Laitguria mozardi Lat. (3)
Acroptcroxys gracilis Xewm. (2)
Tritoma Ihoracica Say. (2)

Tritoma flavicollis Lac. (6)

CoLYDlID.i:.

Cerylon caslaneum Say. (2)
Pliilotlierinus glabriculus Lee. (i)

CUCUJID.E.

Silvauus planatus Germ, (i)
Lamophlcrus convexiilus Lee. (i)
Lccmophl(uus adiistiis Lee. (2)

CRYPTOPHAGIDvE.

Tomarus pulchellus Lee. (26)
Agatheugis liueola Ntm. (i)
Atoniaria pusilla Payk. (i)
Atomaria ochracca Zimm. (i)
Atoniaria ochracea,

var. pennsylvanica Csy. (i)
Atoniaria oblongtila Csy. (11)
AtoDtaria ephippiata Zimm. (3)

Mycetophagid^.

Mycetophagns picta Csy. (i)

Dermestid.b.
Dermestes lardarius Linn, (i)
Attageinis deficiens Csy. (2)

HiSTERID.E.

Hister abbreviatus Fabr. (i)
Hister lecontei Mars. (4)
Aeletes politus Lee. (i)

NlTIDULID^.

Epurcca peltoides Horn, (i)
Epuraa labilis Er. (i)
Soronia undulata Say. (i)
Cyllodes biplagiatus Lee. (7)
Cycliramus adustus Er. (i)
Cryptarcha ampla Er. (i)
Ips quadriguttatus Fabr. (i)

Lathridiid.e.
Latliridiiis liratus Lee. (2)
Corticaria serrata Payk. (i)

182

Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'°'- xx\'iii

Melanophthalma picta Lee. (2)
Melanophthalma villosa Zimm. (8)
Melanophthalma distinguendaCom.i?)
Melanophthalma longipennis Lee. (i)
Melanophthalma cavicollis Mann. (4)

Byrrhid^.

Cytilus sericeiis Forst. (i)
Syncalypta spinosa Rossi. (4)

Parnid.5:.
Psephenus lecontei Lee. (i)

Heterocerid^.
Heterocerus ventralis Mels. (i)

Dascyllid^.
Cyplwn obscunts Guer.

Elaterid^.
Adelocera obtecta Say. (i)
Hypnoidus planatus Lee. (i)
Hy-pnoidus striatulns Lee. (6)
Hypnoidus melsheimeri Horn. (4)
Hypnoidns obliquatuhis Mels. (3)
Moiiocrepidius auritns Hbst. (i)
Elater nigricollis Hbst. (i)
Elater z'itiosiis Lee. ( i )
Elater nigricans Germ. (2)
Elater rubricus Say. (i)
Elater areolatus Say. (i)
Agriotes niancus Say. (2)
Agriotes pnbescens Mels. (12)
Dolopius lateralis Esch. (4)
Melanotus difficilis Blatch. (i)
Limonius griseus Beauv. (i)
Limonins anceps Lee. (12)
Sericus incongruus Lee. (5)
Serious silaceus Say. ( i )
Sericus flavipennis Mots, (i)
Ludins tesselatns Linn. (2)
Ludius hieroglyphicus Say. (i)

Throscid^,
Throscns constrictor Say. (3)

BuPRESTIDiE.

Dicerca prolongata Lee. (6)
Antha.via qiiercata Fabr. (i)
Chrysobothris femorata Fabr. (13)
Chrysobothris soror Lee. (i)
Agrilus vittaticollis Rand. (3)
Agrilus acutipennis Mann, (i)
Agrilus politus Say. ( i )
Agrilus obsoletoguftatus Gory, (i)
Taphrocerus gracilis Say. (4)
Brachys ovata Web. (2)
Br achy s drosa Mels. (8)
Brachys trruginosa Gory. (16)
Pachyscelus purpureus Say. (i)

Lampyrid^.
Lucidota punctata Lee. (2)
Ellychnia corrusca Linn, (i)
Pyractomena angulata Say. (i)
Photuris pennsylvanica DeG. (2)
Podabrus rugulosus Lee. (2)
Podabrus basillaris Say. (3)
Podabrus modestus Say. (i)
Podabrus punctatits Lee. (2)
Telephorus den tiger Lee. (2)
Telephonis fraxini Say. (i)
Telephorus carolinus Fabr. (4)
Telephorus nigrituliis Lee. (i)
Telephorus flavipes Lee. (6)
Telephorus rotundicollis Say. (i)
Telephorus bilineatus Say. (i)
Malthodes e.vilis Mels. (i)
Malthodes fuliginosus Lee. (2)

Malachiid^.
Malachius aneus Linrt. (2)
Pseudebaus oblitus Lee. (i)
Hydnocera tabida Lee. (2)
Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl. (6)

Ptinid^.
Ernobius mollis Linn, (i)

LUCANID^.

Platycerus quercils Fabr. (i)
Ceruchus piceus Web. (i)

June, 1920.]

XOTMAX: COLKOPTERA. X. Y

183

SCARAB.EID.E.

Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Har. (i)
Onthophagus hecate Panz. (i)
Atanitis strigalus Say. (i)
Dialytes strialulus Say. (i)
Aphodius fimetarius Linn. (2)
Aphodius fossor Linn. (4)
Odotitcrus filicontis Say. (i)
Geotrupes splendidus Fabr. (i)
Hoplia trifasciata Say. (2)
Dichelonycha diluta Fall. (5)
Diclielottycha testacea Kby. (4)
Dichelonycha elongata Fabr. (3)
Serica vespertina Gyll. (i)
Diplotaxis atlatttis Fall, (i)
Lachnosterna anxia Lee. (i)
Euphoria fulgida Fabr. (i)
Creiiiastochiliis canaliculatus Kby. (2)
Trichius affinis Gory. (4)

Cer.\mbycid.^.
Cyrtophorus verrucosus Oliv. (3)
Pachyta monticola Rand. (3)
Acmcrops thoracica Hald. (4)
Leptura lineola Say. (5)
Leptura aurata Horn, (i)
Leptura iiiutabilis Xewm. (3)
Pseuocerus supernotatus Say. (i)
Saperda concolor Lee. (i)
Oberea biinaculata Oliv. (i)
Oberea filutn Csy. (4)

Chrysomelid.e.
Douacia emarginata Kby. (i) ,
Syitcta ferruginea Germ, (i)
Anomcca laticlavia Forst. (2)
Chlaiiiys plicata Fabr. (i)
Exema dispar Lac. (3)
Cryptocephalus quadruplex "Sewm. (i)
Pachybrachys bivittatus Say. (19)
Typophorus canellus

var. sellatus Horn, (i)

var. sculellaris n. var.

var. puuiilus Lcc. (i)

var. quadriguttatus Lee. (i)

var. riltatus Horn, (i)
Xanthottia deceiiinotatus Say. (i)
Graphops marcassitus Cr. (i)
Chrysodiiia globosa Oliv. (3)
Calligrapha siiuilis Rogers. (4)
Calligrapha elegans (i)
Calligrapha bigsbyana Kby. (2)
Plagiodera versicolor Laich. (i)
Gaslroidea polygoui Linn, (i)
Z.t)ia treninlcc Fabr. (4)
Gonioctena pallida Linn, (i)
Phyllodecta vitellincc Linn. (5)
Luperodes cyanellus Lee. (4)
Diabrotica vittata Fabr. (i)
Galerucella americana Fabr. (2)
Galerucella sexvittata Lee. (2)
Galerucella cavicollis Lee. (4)
Galerucella tuberculata Say. (i)
Galerucella decora Say. (7)
Hypolampsis pilosa Illig. (i)
CEdionychis limbalis Mels. (2)
CEdionychis qtiercata Fabr. (3)
Haltica ignita Illig. (8)
Haltica fuscoccnea Mels. (i)
Crepidodera helxines Linn. (13)
Crepidodera rufipes Linn. (2)
Epitrix cucumeris Harris. (6)
Mantura floridana Cr. (3)
S.rj/e»;a hudsonias Forst. (13)
Microrhopala excavata Oliv. (i)
Microrhopala vittata Fabr. (2)
Chalepus ruber Web. (2)
Chalepus nervosa Panz. (8)
Physonota unipunctata Say. (2)
Coptocycla bicolor Fabr. (2)
Coptocycla signifera Hrbst. (i)

TeNEBRIONIDvC.

Kyctobates pennsylvanica DeG. (i)
Iphthimus opacus Lee. (i)

CiSTELID.E.

Isomira quadristriata Coup, (i)

L.\GRIID.€.

Arthromacra (rnca Say. (9)

184 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

Melaxdryid^.
Melandrya striata Say. (i)
Canifa pallipes Mels. (2)

CEPHAL01D.E.
Cephaloon Jepturides Newni. (i)

M0KDELLID.5.
Anaspis riifa Say. (2)
Mordellistena aspersa Mels. (i)
Mordellistena pnstulata Mels. (i)
Mordellistena convicta Lee. (3)
Mordellistena morula Lee. (4)

AXTHICID^.

Corphyra lugiibris Say. (i)
AnthicKS festinans Csy. (3)

Meloid.e.
Pouipliopa^a sayi Lee. (4)

Hypomolyx piccns DeG. (i)
Bagotts mammillattis Say. (2)
Anthononnis robustulus Lee. (4)
Anthonomiis sycophanta Walsh. (2)
Anthonomus rufipennis Lee. (i) •.

Anthononnis consimilis Dietz. (2)
Anthonomus mtisculus Say. (i)
Orchestes niger Horn, (i)
Orchestes pallicornis Say. (i)
Ty chins picirostris Fabr. (5)
Tyloderma foveolata Say. (2)
Tyloderma nigra Csy. (i)
Cryptorhynchiis lapathi Linn, (i)
Auleutes asper Lee. (3)
Ceiitorhynchus cyanipennis Germ, (i)
Ceutorhynchus piinctiger Sahib. (3)
Ceiitorhynchus semirnfus Lee. (i)
Pelenomus sulcicollis Fabr. (4)
Rhinoncus pyrrhopns Lee. (2)
Sphenophorus melanocephalusFahT.(2)

CuRCULIONID.E.

Attelabiis rhois Boh. (7)
Horniorus undulatus Uhler. (2)
Phyxelis rigidus Say. (4)
Apion pennsylvanicum Boh. (i)
Apion impeditum Fall, (i)
Phytonomits meles Fabr. (i)
Phytonomiis polygoni Fabr. (i)
Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr. (i)
Hyperodes sparstts Say. (i)

SCOLYTID.E.

Pityophthorits consimilis Lee. (i)
Xyloterus politus Say. (i)
Dryoca^tes americanus Hopk. (i)
Ips grandicollis Eich. (i)
Micracis asperulus Lee. (i)

ANTHRIBID.E.
Eurymycter fasciatits Oliv. (i)
Brachytarsus tomentosiis Say. (i)

Notes and Descriptions.

Bembidium simplex Lee.
Bembidium planiusculum Mann.
Bembidium complanulum Mann.

Abundant material is at hand which is separable into these three
species as defined by Hayward. Though not abundant at Windsor,
they may be collected in some numbers along the more elevated
streams in the Adirondack Mts. At lower elevations they are re-
placed by B. planum Hald. and B. grandiceps Hayw., which are
similar in their habits. The author believes that the species named

June, 1920.] NoT^rA^• : Coleoptera. N. Y. 185

B. nisficti))! wliich Col. Casey describes from the Catskill Mts. is the
same species which Hayward describes as B. planiuscnlum ^[ann.
(Mem. Col., VIII, p. 33). Col. Casey believes that B. planiuscnlum
and B. coviplauulum belong in the next group of his synopsis (1. c. p.
37). He separates the two groups (erasum) and (planatum) by the
convexity of the body and the strength of the outer stride of the elytra.
It should be hoticcd. however, that although he places rusticum in
the group (erasum) in wliich the body is more convex and the outer
strire o])solcte. he descril)es the species as having the seventh stria
distinct and the body rather depressed.

Bembidium basicorne new species.

Form rather short and broad, depressed, not very distinctly oval. Color
black, rarely with a feeble metallic shimmer on the head and thorax ; antenna;,
side margins of the thorax and elytra and the apical half of the sutural margins
of the latter piceous ; first joint of the antennae bright rufous ; femora blackish
piceous, apices of the latter and the tibiae paler, tarsi brownish testaceous : palpi
brownish. Head finely, thorax very obsoletely alutaceous. Elytra polished,
shining, distinctly opalescent. Head about three fourths the width of the
thorax, distinctly wider than the thorax at apex; eyes strongly convex, frontal
grooves broad, strong, connected with the foveate punctures of the clypeus ;
antennre moderately long and slender, reaching the basal third of the elytra ;
joints about three times as long as wide. Thorax one third wider than long;
about three fifths the width of the elytra, base slightly narrower than the
apex ; sides strongly rounded in front, oblique and slightly sinuate behind the
middle; posterior angles sharp and minutely rectangular, apex strongly emar-
ginate, apical angles prominent, rounded ; side margins rather wide, narrowly
reflexed at edge ; basal impressions broad rather deep, bistriate, obsoletely
sculptured, carina rather long and strong, median line strong, distinctly im-
pressed, subentire. Elytra about one third longer than wide, sides feebly
arcuate and divergent to apical two fifths, thence strongly rounded to the
apex; the first four striae distinct on the disk, the first two entire; outer striae
apex ; the first four striae distinct on the disk, the first two entire ; outer stri.-e
very close to the margin, confluent with it at basal fourth ; the stria: extremely
minutely and indistinctly punctate. The third stria bipunctate, the anterior at
basal third, the posterior at nearly apical fourth. Length 3.75 mm.: width,
1.5-1.6 mm. (^ 5. Three specimens.

This species is allied to B. iridcsccns Lee. It occurs in the Adi-
rondack Mts. in numbers with the above three species and shows no
variation of importance. It dift'ers from iridcsccns in the absence of
the pale area at the apex of the elytra, its dark legs, the thorax slightly

186 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviir.

narrower at base, the elytral apex more obtusely rounded and its
smaller size. It differs from impiitm Csy. in its form and the color
of its legs.

Amara edax new species.

Form rather short, broad and convex. Color black with an extremely
feeble metallic lustre, legs black ; tibiae and tarsi dark rufo-piceous, three basal
joints of the antenna rufo-testaceous, outer joints fuscous. Head and thorax
smooth, strongly shining, very finely alutaceous in the basal angles ; elytra very
finely alutaceous but shining. Head scarcely one half the width of the thorax,
slightly narrower than the apex ; strioles scarcely apparent ; antennae not quite
reaching the base of the thorax; third joint strongly carinate on basal third.
Thorax one half wider than long, just perceptibly narrower than the elytra, -
widest one third before the base, sides strongly and evenly rounded, apex
about one half the width of the base, strongly emarginate, apical angles nar-
rowly rounded ; basal angles rounded, rather strongly bent back ; puncture
nearly twice as far from the side as from the basal margin ; median line fine,
distinctly impressed ; anterior transverse impression feeble, basal impressions
and fovese altogether obsolete, basal area impunctate, surface evenly convex.
Elytra one third longer than wide, sides evenly arcuate from about the middle
to the apex, apical sinuses distinct. Strias fine, impunctate ;. the scutellar with
an ocellate puncture at base, not joined to the first at apex; punctures of the
eighth stria with three wide intervals at middle ; elytral interva.ls alrnost flat.
Length, 7.35 mm. ; width, 3.5 bb. (^. One specimen.

This species is probably close to A. lanrana Csy. described from
Boulder Co., Col. The form is broader, the elytra shorter, the thorax
distinctly wider before the base with the sides more evenly arcuate,
the hind angles rounded, punctures nearer the basal margin.

Cercyon incrematus new species.

Form oval, widest near the base of the elytra, moderately convex. Color
black, side margins of the thorax rather broadly and indefinitely dark rufous;
elytra dark rufo-piceous, apical third and broad side margins rather indefinitely
obscure testaceous ; antennae, mouth parts ani legs rufo-piceous. Head mod-
erately closely and somewhat finely punctate, about one half the width of the
thorax. Thorax more than twice a^ wide as long, sides more strongly arcuate
and narrowed in front ; basal' marginal line extending to the fourth elytral
stria, surface moderately closely and somewhat finely punctate, scarcely less
closely on the sides. Elytra not quite three times the length of the thorax,
one third longer than wide, widest at basal fourth where they are distinctly
wider than the thorax, thence narrowed and feebly arcuate to about apical
third, thence acutely rounded to the apex ; ten striate, striae not closely punc-

June, 1920.] XOTMAX : CoLEOPTERA, X. Y. 187

tate, punctures separated by about their diameters, all the stride abbreviated at
base, the first four very faint in the scutcllar area ; intervals more finely and
less closely punctate than the strije, eighth interval with a somewhat irregular
double row of punctures. Body beneath black, opaque. Prosternuni carinate ;
metasternal area shining, punctures fine, separated by about twice their diam-
eters ; area not extended by an oblique line to the anterior angles. Anterior
tibise not emarginate at apex. Length, 2.5 mm. ; width, 1.7 mm. One specimen.

Cercyon basillaris new species.

Form elongate-oval, widest near the base of the elytra, moderately convex.
Color black, elytra rufo-piceous, scarcely indefinitely paler at the extreme apex,
narrow basal margin and the first interval to the middle blackish ; mouth parts
and femora piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler, rufo-piceous. Head moderately
closely, somewhat less faintly punctate than in the preceding; one half the
width of the thorax. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides evenly,
gradually narrowed and arcuate from base to apex ; basal marginal line extend-
ing inwards only as far as the sixth stria, surface moderately closely and some-
what finely punctate, not at all sparser on the sides. Elytra rather more than
three times the length of the thorax, nearly one half longer than wide, widest
at basal fourth where it is distinctly wider than the thorax ; form just per-
ceptibly angulate at this point due to the feeble and flattened arcuation of the
thorax ; sides posteriorly nearly evenly narrowed and arcuate to the apex. Elytra
ten striate, tenth subobsolete, striae punctate, punctures separated by about their
diameters, punctures of the intervals finer, not at all dense, less distinct to-
wards the apex. Eighth interval narrow with a single very irregular row of
punctures. Body beneath black, subopaque, metasternal area shining, punctate,
punctures a little sparse and irregular, area not extended by an oblique line
to the anterior angles. Anterior tibiae not emarginate at apex. Length, 2.75
mm.; width, 1.7 mm. One specimen.

The species wliich Horn describes as C. quisquilius does not agree
at all well with the descriptions of the European authors. It is pos-
sible that the above described C. basillaris may be Horn's species.
It seems doubtful, however, because the eighth elytral interval is nar-
row and uniseriately punctate and the sides of the thorax are not
pale. In C. incrcmatiis the form of the thorax does not agree with
Horn's description and the elytra have a distinct apical pale area
which extends along the sides to the base.

Decarthron exiguum new species.

Form moderately slender. Color uniform brown, legs and antennae not
paler. Head to the clypeal margin one half wider than long, eyes very large
and convex, occupying the whole side of the head, tempera lacking ; head be-

188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxviii.

hind the eyes very oblique ; occiput with two large foveje which are separated
from each other by a little less than twice the distance between them and the
eyes; antennae rather stout, as long as the head and thorax, first joint one half
longer than wide, obconic, second square, as long as wide, third and fourth as
long as wide, decreasing slightly in size, five to nine transverse, five just
visibly so, nine twice as wide as long and about twice the width of the sec-
ond ; terminal joint wider than the ninth, slightly elongate, oval-conic. Head
finely pubescent but not visibly punctate. Thorax one fourth wider than long,
widest at apical two thirds where it is rather broadly rounded, straight and
slightly convergent posteriorly. Fovea large, round and deep, surface punctu-
late. Pubescence not dense, pale and decumbent, moderately long. Elytra one
fovirth wider than long, scarcely wider at base than the greatest width of the
thorax ; humeri oblique, not at all prominent, sides divergent, feebly arcuate,
nearly straight in front, surface moderately convex, discal striae distinct to
apical third, punctulate, the pubescence rather coarse, dense and decumbent,
pale in color. Carinae of the first abdominal segment straight, divergent, half
the length of the segment, separated by half the width of the segment between
the margins. Length, 1.2 mm.; width, .5 mm. J. One specimen.

This species resembles D. formaccti Lee. It may be distinguished
as follows : antennae shorter and stouter, funicular joints nearly all
transverse; thorax more transverse and more broadly rounded on the
sides. Elytra slightly more transverse, less convex, sides less strongly
arcuate, humeri mucli less prominent ; color yellow brown without the
strong reddish tinge characteristic of formaccti; pubescence coarser.

Trogophloeus volans new species.

Form somewhat slender, piceous, abdomen black; three basal joints of the
antennae and the legs dull rufous. Pubescence rather short, fine and dense,
pale cinereous, more conspicuous on the abdomen, less so on the head and
thorax. Head slightly transverse, slightly narrower than the thorax, convex,
prominences moderately strong; punctures rather coarse, very dense and evenly
distributed but distinct, separated by slightly more than their diameters; eyes
large, rather strongly convex ; tempora less prominent, broadly rounded, one
half the diameter of the eye; antennae slender, feebly and gradually incrassate,
not reaching the base of the thorax, third joint three fourths the length of the
second, the latter twice as long as wide, fourth scarcely elongate, fifth dis-
tinctly so, ninth and tenth slightly transverse. Thorax one fifth wider than
long, widest at apical third where it is three fourths the width of the elytra,
sides rather broadly rounded anteriorly, nearly straight and convergent pos-
teriorly, base nearly four fifths the width of the apex ; discal impressions
moderately distinct, more or less interrupted at middle ; punctures similar in
size to those of the head, evenly distributed, a little more closely placed.

June, 1920.1 NoTMAX : CoLKOPTF.RA, X. Y. IS'.I

Elytra one fifth longer than wide, om- half longer than the thorax; punctures
nearly twice the size of those on the thorax, separated by about their diam-
eters, interspaces slightly rugulose, shining; strongly impressed along the
suture from base to apical third. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra
at base, as wide at the apex of the fifth segment ; surface reticulate, very finely,
moderately punctate. Length, 1.9-2.25 mm. ; width, .5-.6 mm. Seven specimens.

This species is an intermediate form between groups IV and V of
Casey's synopsis. It would be distinguished from dclicaliis Csy. by its
hirgcr size, narrower thorax, not transverse fourth antennal joint.

Trogophloeus vespertinus new species.

Form somewhat slender, rather depressed ; ])iceous, abdomen Ijlack, elytra
somewhat paler, three basal joints of the antenna: and legs brownish testa-
ceous. Pubescence pale, fine, short and dense. Integuments feebly shining;
head, thorax and elytra \ery finely, densely and shallowly punctate throughout,
elytra slightly more coarsely but no less densely. Head slightly transverse,
scarcely narrower than the thorax ; eyes large but only moderately convex,
coarsely faceted ; tempora slightly less prominent, broadly rounded, one half
the diameter of the eye ; frontal prominences strong, antenna: reaching the
base of the thorax, somewhat stout, second joint as long as the next two and
much stouter, fourth joint slightly transverse, fifth larger, quadrate, sixth to
tenth distinctly transverse, tenth one third wider than long. Thorax one fourth
wider than long, widest at apical third where it is just perceptibly narrower
than the elytra, sides rounded in front, nearly straight and convergent behind,
base slightly narrower than the apex; discal impression well marked, distinctly
divided ; apical angles obtuse but distinct, basal rounded. Elytra scarcely
longer than wide, one third longer than the thorax, scarcely impressed along
the suture at base. Abdomen as wide as the elytra at base, slightly wider to
the apex of the fourth segment which is distinctly the widest part of the body.
Length, 1.5 mm.; width, .35 mm. Two spccinwns.

This species may be distinguished from T. volans by its smaller
size, stouter antenna; and wider abdomen. The thorax and elytra
are narrower than in T. inccrtiis Csy. or dclicatiis Csy. to which it is
evidently related.

Bledius fracticornis Payk.

The specimens at hand agree exactly with European examples.
B. (Iccct^livKS Fall is closely related to this species and perhaps
.synonymous with it. It has not been recorded heretofore from North
America.

190 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xx\'iii

Stenus fulvoguttatus luw species.

Form somewhat rol)ust. Pubescence \ery short, distinctly visible only on
the abdomen : color whitish. Head large, twice as wide as long ; interocular
surface strongly depressed, twice the width of the eye, median convexity broad
but narrower than the lateral declivities ; punctures of moderate size, sepa-
rated by about one half their diameters; ocular lines meeting at three lengths
in advance ; antennse longer than the width of the head, very slender ; third
joint nearly as long as the next two, four to seven decreasing very slowly in
length, seven very elongate, eight one half longer than wide, nine as wide as
long, shorter than the tenth and the eleventh which are elongate and subequal ;
club only moderately thick' : i)alpi rufo-testaceous, last joint somewhat infuscate
at apex. Thorax widest at middle where it is three fourths the width of the
head and about as wide as long ; not very strongly arcuate in front, rather
deeply sinuate posteriorly ; the apex slightly narrower than the base ; punctures
coarse and very close, ' separated by less than half their diameters; median
canaliculation distinct from base to apex, very strong in middle third where
the disk is somewhat swollen cither side. Elytra slightly narrower than the
head at base, about as wide at the widest where they are as wide as long, suture
a little longer than the thorax ; sides arcuate and slightly divergent, apex mod-
erately emarginate ; punctvires coarser than those on the thorax, polygonally
crowded along the suture and apically ; disk distinctly impressed on the suture
at base and laterally ; a small fulvous spot on the center of each just behind
the middle. Abdomen narrower than the elytra at base, rather rapidly de-
creasing in width posteriorly, basal segments coarsely and closely punctate,
fourth and fifth with the punctures much finer and sparser. Legs long and
slender; femora pale testaceous at base, gradually darker apically; first joint
of the posterior tarsi equal in length to the next three. Length, 4.5-5 mm. ;
width, I mm. ,^5. Two specimens.

Male. Fourth ventral abdominal segment broadly and \-ery feebly emar-
ginate in median third, a small subcarinate tubercle at either end of the emar-
gination. Fifth segment broadly subtriangularly emarginate in median third,
emargination about four times as wide as deep ; surface posterior to the emar-
gination depressed for half the length of the segment bounded on either side
by a carinate edge which is bluntly dentiform at the posterior extremity.
Sixth segment with a deep subtriangular emargination as wide as deep and
about one fourth the width of the segment and half its length. Seventh seg-
ment truncate at apex with an acute tooth at either side.
Female. Ventral segments unmodified.

This species is easily distinguished from the others of the group
by the form of the thoracic canaHculation. From S. semicolon Lee,
which it most closely resembles, it may be also distinguished by its
larger size and much longer and more slender antennae. The thoracic
canaliculation is like that of the palsearctic ^. himacidatus Gyll., but

Tune, 1920.] XOTMAN : CoLF.OPTF.RA. X. Y. 191

the head in tlie latter species is smaller, less transverse and the median
interocular convexity much hroader.

Stenus edax new species.

Form slislitly rolnist. Pubescence short cinereous, conspicuous only on
the abdomen. Head moderate in size, twice as wide as lonjj; interocular sur-
face two and two thirds times the width of an eye; ocular lines meeting at
about one lensith in advance, sulcations distinct, the intermediate convexity
narrower than the lateral portions, evenly convex : punctures moderately
coarse, evenly, closely distributed, somewhat polygonal, a small smooth spot
at the anterior end of the convexity; antenna? short not as long as the width
of the head, black throughout, the club composed of five joints, the ninth
narrower than the tenth which is as long as the last, the eighth large and dis-
tinctly trans\erse, the seventh slightly elongate and much thickened at apex ;
the funicular joints short, three to six decreasing rapidly in length, three
scarcely shorter than the next two. Palpi rather short, entirely black. Thorax
widest slightly before the middle where it is very slightly longer than wide and
about four fifths the width of the head ; disk somewhat flattened and the sides
compressed making a rather vague longitudinal ridge cither side, intervening
surface anteriorly and posteriorly very slightly concave, median canaliculation
very fine, scarcely impressed, extending from base to apical fifth ; punctures
close, coarse, even throughout, a more or less distinct whorl on the middle of
the disk. Elytra at base just perceptibly wider than the head, conjointly as
wide as long, the sides very slightly divergent and arcuate, the humeri very
prominent, the suture about a fifth longer than the thorax, the surface some-
what undulated, the punctures very close and strongly canaliculated, isolated
punctures not discernible; whorl entirely behind the middle. Abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra at base, gradually and rapidly decreasing in width
posteriorly, evenly, rather coarsely and closely punctate throughout, punc-
tures slightly finer and sparser on the fifth segment. Transverse carinie tri-
cusped, the middle cusp long, subcarinate. Legs entirely black; fourth tarsal
joint simple, first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the next three, as long
as the fifth. Length, 3.7 mm. ; width, i mm. 9. One speciiiu n.

Male. Unknown.

Female. Sixth ventral segment strongly rounded at apex.

This species seems distinct from S. laccof>liiliis Csy. hy its an-
tennal structure, general proportions and rapidly narrowed ahdomen.

Stenus perexilis new species.

Form very slendi-r and parallel. Puluscence fine, short, cinereous, longer
and denser on the abdonun though not very conspicuous. Head large, twice
as wide as long, interocular surface slightly more than twice the width of the
eye, ocular lines meeting at two lengths in advance; sulcations very feeble, the

192 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviii.

median convexity not at all evident ; punctures moderate in size, evenly dis-
tributed, separated by about half their diameters, interspaces feebly shining;
antennae long and slender, very distinctly longer than the width of the head ;
black; joints three to six decreasing very slowly in length, three but little
longer than four ; seventh elongate, enlarged apically, eighth globular, not
wider; club distinct but not strong. Thorax widest at apical third where it is
three fourths the width of the head and one third longer than wide ; sides
feebly arcuate and convergent anteriorly, slightly more convergent and feebly
sinuate posteriorly ; apex arcuate, slightly wider than the base which is less
distinctly arcuate ; surface even, feebly shining, punctures of moderate size,
very dense, a fine and rather faint median canaliculation extending from the
base to a little before the middle. Elytra conjointly one fourth longer than
wide, widest at the middle where it is exactly the width of the head ; apex
feebly emarginate, as wide as the base, sides feebly arcuate, suture one sixth
longer than the thorax ; punctures larger than those of the thorax, very dense
and canaliculated, without whorls. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra
at base, scarcely perceptibly narrower to the apex of the fifth segment ; trans-
verse carinre four cusped, punctures finer than those of the thorax, rather
dense, but slightly less so on the fifth segment. Legs black, fourth joint of
the tarsi simple, first joint of the posterior tarsi not as long as the next two,
shorter than the fifth. Length 3.25 mm. ; width, .65 mm. One specimen.
Female. L'nknown.

This species is related to S. colonns Er. It is more slender and the
head is larger. The thoracic canalictilation places it in the preceding
group of Casey's synopsis with those having four cusped al)doininal
carinje. It would he distinguished from iiiilifaris hy its elongate
thorax and form.

Scopaeus quadriceps Ntm.

Elorida specimens answering to the description of ^. luacilcntus
Csy. were found in some material recently identified hy the author
for the American Museum of Natural History. The species is quite
distinct from the above.

Pelurga luridipennis Mann.

A specimen in the material at hand is practically indistinguishable
from a European example of the above species except by its small
size — 2 mm. It is somewhat immature and is possibly merely a
dwarfed form. Ganglbauer states that the species is found through-
out Europe and on the island of Madeira so that its presence in North
America would not be surprising.

.lunc, I920.] NOTMAX: CoLKOPTF-RA, N. Y. 193

Daya (Pluisnwtd) ingratula (sy.

This species was described from !\Iississii)j)i. The specimen at
hand ag-rees so perfectly with the description tlicro seems no possi-
liility of doiihtint;- the indentification tliouj^li its i)resence in New
York is soniewliat suri)risin,g.

Metaxya (flygra-cia) magniceps Salil.

A large series in the material at hand agrees very closely with
Ganglbauer's description of the above species. Comparison has also
been made with a si)ecimen of the closely allied luiropean species
(H) dcbilis Er. which differs by its pale antenna*. ( // ) )iia(/iiiccps is
known from Finland and Germany.

Oxypoda (Pcmosoma) schaefferi new species.

Form slightly robust and distinctly fiisoid, moderately convex, feebly shin-
ing; color black, thorax, elytra, lej^s and antennre piceous, the basal joints of
the antcnn.-e not paler; tarsi somewhat paler. Head, thorax and elytra strongly
alutaceous ; punctures fine, shallow, umbilicate on the thorax, aspcrulate on
the elytra, separated by twice their diameters ; abdomen imbricate-reticulate.
punctures asperate, sparser on the fifth segment : pubescence somewhat fine,
equally dense throughout. Head transverse, rounded, slightly more than one
half the width of the thorax; eyes scarcely prominent, rather large, at slightly
less than their own diameters from the base; the tempora slightly divergent,
infralatcral carinse very strong, entire; antennae about reaching the base of
the thorax, somewhat stout but not strongly incrassate, second joint slightly
longer than the first, distinctly longer than the third, fourth slightly transverse,
outer joints very gradually larger and more transverse, tenth three fifths wider
than long, terminal joint obtusely pointed at apex, as long as the two pre-
ceding. Thorax scarcely one half wider than long, widest slightly behind the
middle, sides strongly convergent and nearly straight anteriorly, feebly arcuate
and subparallel posteriorly; base rounded, posterior angles completely rounded,
disk indistinctly biimpressed at base. Elytra scarcely as wide as the thorax at
base, distinctly wider at apex, sides straight and distinctly divergent, con-
jointly about one fourth wider than long, suture slightly longer than the
thorax, sinuses rather strong. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra at
base, feebly narrowed posteriorly (excluding the margins). Rasal joint of the
posterior tarsi nearly as long as the next three combined. Length 1.75 mm.;
width. .75 mm. Two specimens.

This species is very close to the Kuro])ean O. ( nciiiosomu) ntgi-
coUis Kr. The thorax is slightly more shining, the sides in front
straighter, the elvtra are longer and the legs and antcnn;e are dark.

194 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

It seems to l)e different from tlie species described by Casey. O. vctnla
from New Jersey probably belongs to a different subgenus.

Typophorus canellus Fabr., scutellaris new variety.

Black, head rufous with the occiput and a large spot on the front black ;
legs with the tibire and tarsi rufous ; narrow anterior margin of the thorax, a
large elongate scutellar spot and the narrow apical margin of the elytra rufous.
One specimen.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of February 17.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8 P.M. in the American Museum of Natural History, Vice-president John D.
Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with nineteen members present, and President L. B.
Woodruff later in the evening. One visitor, Mr. Emerson, of British Guiana,
was also present.

Mr. Dickerson read a paper on " Miscellaneous Insects of the Evening
Primrose " which will be printed later.

On motion by Dr. Lutz it was voted to publish plates for this paper at the
expense of the Society.

, Mr. Nicolay read a paper on " The Species of Taphroccrus and Pachy-
scelus," exhibiting his collection and that of Mr. Leng. He also called atten-
tion to an entomological illustration in " Ladies' Home Journal."

Mr. Sherman spoke, in connection with popular entomology, of the product
of the Savage Northrup Animated Toy Co., imitating beetles.

Dr. Bequaert read a paper, " Some Remarks on North-American Cono-
pids," reviewing the classification, distribution, and life haljits, calling atten-
tion especially to the lack of definite knowledge of the habits of Stylogasfcr.

Mr. Davis spoke of the contents of a red-eyed vireo's nest found February
14, where, with two grains of corn beneath the old leaves, reposed Euschistns
variolarius.

Meeting of March 2.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8 P.M., on March 2, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural History Presi-
dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with twenty-six members and four visitors
present.

Mr. Davis donated $100.00 to the Society's fund, which amount on motion
by Dr. Lutz was added to the Permanent Fund, with a vote of thanks to Mr.
Davis.

Mr. E. A. Smith, 2 Arden St., New York City, was nominated by Mr.
Watson for active membership.

June, 19-0.] ProCKKDINGS OK THE SOCIETY. \ 195

Dr. Lutz spoke on " A Collecting Trip in Colorado," illustrating his re-
marks with a topographic sketch of the State and with many photographs
shown on the screen by the projectiscope. He pointed out that the environ-
mental factor was often overlooked in distribution data; and that his object
had in part been to correct this for Colorado, a State in which, from its high
mountains. Boreal and Transition zones occurred interrupted by four Sonoran
areas as shown in Biological Survey of Colorado by Merritt Cary (Xo. Amer-
ican Fauna No. 33, U. S. Dept. Agl. Washington, 191 1).

In carrying out this object, between June 3rd and August 20th, 29 dif-
ferent stations for collecting were established, including Lamar, Springfield,
Regnier. Trinidad, W'alsenburg, Alamosa, Bondad, Mesa Verde, Ridgeway,
Grand Junction, Denver and Wray in the Sonoran; Monte Vista, Durango,
Mancos, Rifle, Meeker, Glenwood Springs and Boulder in more or less Transi-
tion areas ; South Fork, Pagosa Springs in more markedly Transition and
Continental Divide, Electra Lake, Telluride, Ouray, Aspen, Tennessee Pass,
Leadville and Ward in the more elevated Canadian and Hudsonian zones. The
elevation at which .the cooler zones occur are greater on the southwestern
slopes than on the northeastern, so that the Transition begins at about 5,600
feet in one case, but not until 7,800 feet is reached in the other.

Dr. Lutz traced the distribution of certain species of Boinbus in par-
ticular and showed specimens of the flowers and trees as well as the insects,
closing by pointing out that though 500,000 specimens with ecological data had
been gathered in the last ten years, they were only samples from selected
places ; and every group worked up by members become stones in the bridge
from hazy notions to more perfect knowledge of distribution, the Museum was
trying to build.

Mr. Shoemaker exhibited " Miscellaneous Beetles taken last Summer "
principally at Washington, D. C, and on Slide Mountain in the Catskill Moun-
tains, the latter including a number of northern forms. Mr. Hallinan spoke of
the Lepidoptera of Panama, particularly in reference to migration.

Dr. Bequaert commended the minute details accumulated on the migration
of swarms of tropical butterflies.

Mr. .\hgell si)oke of winter collecting of longhorns on hickory fire wood.

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Organized June 29, 1892. — iRCorjiorated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each monti
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum or
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, 33.00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

OflBicers for the Year 1920.

President, L. B. WOODRUFF 14 East 68th Street, New York,

Vice-President, JOHN D. SHERMAN, Jr Mount Vernon, N. Y.

Secretary, CHAS. W. LENG 33 Murray St., New York.

Tr^rtyMr/r, WM. T. r>AVIS . . . . 146 Stuyvesant Place^ New Brighton

Staten Island, X. \

Z^i/J'-rt'tiff, FRANK E. WATSON American Museum of Natural History

New York

Curator, A J. MUTCHLER. . . American Museum of Natural History, New York.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

H. G. Barber, Geo. P. Engelhardt, H. B Weiss.

Jos, Bequaert, C. E Oi.sen,

PUBLICA TION COMMITTf. E

F. E. LuTZ, W. P. CoMSTOCK, . Howard Notman,

Chas. Schaeffer.

auditing committee.

G. W. J. Angem., H, B. Wiegmann,' H. Notman

FIELD COMMITTEE

A.^S. N1C01.AV, Jos. Bequaert.

DELEGATE TO THE N. Y. ACADEMY OF SCIESCES ' "'

Wii.i.iAM T. Davis.

vJOURisr Ax^

OK THE

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Vol. XXVIII.

Nos. 3 and 4.

J OU RN AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society

H)evote& to JEntomoloav in (General.

AN 2 1 T921

SEPT.-DEC, 1920.

Edited !)>• HO\V.\RD NOTMAX

Publication Committer.
Howard Notman K. E. Lotz.

\V. P. CoMSTocK. Charles Schaeffkr.

Published Quarterly by the Society.
LANCASTER, I'A. NEW YORK CITY.

1920.

[ Knirfi Apiil 31, 1^04, ;it I-T'Ca»ler, Pa... is second-class matter iiniler Act ol Congress ol July if-, iS,4 ]

THE NEW EUA PBINT

CONTENTS

The Beetles of the Family Cupedidae of America north of

Mexico. By Geo. W. Barber, and Wm. 0. Ellis I97

New Species of Serica. ( Scarabaeidae. ) III. By r. w. Dawson 208
Further Notes on the Membracid Genus Ophiderma Fairm.

(Hemip.-Homop.) By Lewis B. Woodruff . 212

Notes on the Crambinae. (Lepidoptera ). By w. t. M. Forbes . 214

Miscellaneous Notes and Records of Local Lepidoptera with the

Description of a New Form. By Frank e. Watson 227

Winter Collecting Notes on Florida Rhopalocera. By E. L. Bei x . 235

General Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Canal Zone, Isthmus of

Panama. By Thomas Hai.linan 238

Book Reviews. By Wm, T. Davis 239

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society ... 241

JOURNAL

jOfto ]9oFk ^in^omologiral %nMi.

Vol. XXVIII. Septembek-Dixember, 1920. Nos. 3and4.

THE BEETLES OF THE FAMILY CUPEDID^ OF
AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO.

By Geo. W. Barrer and Wm. O. Ellis,
Cereal and Forage Division,
U. S. Bureau of Entomology,
Arlington, Mass.

The members of the family Cupedidce are undoubtedly among the
most remarkable and rare of the Coleoptera known to occur m Amer-
ica, north of Mexico. They are especially remarkable because of
their peculiar tuberculate character and the grotesque sculpturing of
their bodies. Two taxonomic papers dealing with the American
species of the family have been published:
LeConte — " On the Cupesidse of North America," in Trans. Amer.

Entom. Soc, V, 1874, pp. 87-88.
Casey — "" Synopsis of the genus Citpcs " in Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci.. IX,

1897, pp. 637-638.

Five species of the family Cupedidas have been described from our
territory, four of which have been held to be distinct wliile the fifth.
Cupcs ocitlatiis Casey (13), has been reduced to the rank of a variety
by Blatchley (24). After carefully reviewing the facts, however,
the writers believe that ocnlatus has good specific characters and it is
here considered as a distinct species, the reasons being enumerated
hereafter.

Three of the .\mcrican species have never been figured. This

197

198 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,

need the writers have herewith endeavored to supply at the same time
including keys and the original descriptions of the genera and species
together with some notes on the distribution.

The relationship of the Cupedidae to the other groups of Coleoptera
has long been disputed among systematists and the position of the
family is still uncertain.

LeConte and Horn (12) have been followed by most American
students, including Blatchley (24), in placing the family in the Serri-
cornia. It has remained for Brues and Melander (28) to bring to
the attention of the American student the newer and more correct
viewpoint of the European Coleopterists in the relationships of
groups, and apparently they have followed Ganglbauer (18) more
closely.

Sharp (22) has plafed the Cupedidae in the Polymorpha associated
with the Cucujidae but, as Gahan (26) has pointed out, his arrange-
ment of the Coleoptera was evidently not formulated with any par-
ticular regard to the phylogeny of the groups.

Doubtless the most comprehensive treatise on the subject has
been published by Gahan (26) in which he treats of the results of
the studies of Ganglbauer (18), Lameere (14 and 19), and Kolbe
(16 and 20), in their attempts to classify the Coleoptera. He shows
that the more recent work of these systematists has resulted in the
placing of the Cupedidae, as follows:

Ganglbauer (18) placed the Cupedidae in the Adephaga, believing
them to be a more modified family of that group;

Lameere (19) placed the Cupedidce in the Cupediformia of the
Adephaga, believing them to be Adephaga of the most prim-
itive type;

Kolbe (16) placed the Cupedidae in the Adephaga, but later (20) re-
moved the family to the Heterophaga or Polyphaga, erecting
the division Symphyogastra for their reception.

Gahan (26) does not clearly commit himself as to where he believes
the family should be placed, but a careful study of his work shows
that he undoubtedly would place the family in the Adephaga and
would probably follow Ganglbauer (18) most closely.

Kolbe (Gahan (26), p. 124) has shown that the wing venation of
the Cupedidae is nearer to the original type than all other Coleoptera.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.I BaRHER AND ElLIS : TlIE FAMILY CUPEDID^. 199

Ganglbauer (i8) for this reason, and because the sternites and
pleurae of the second abdominal segment are completely fused with
those of the third, considers the group a more modified family of the
Adephaga. Gahan (25 and 26, p. 166) gives as an additional reason
in support of this disposition of the family that there is a suture on
each side of the prothorax between the notum and the pleurae, a con-
dition met with only in the Adephaga.

Gahan (26, p. 247) has shown that Lameere was mistaken in be-
lieving that the second and third abdominal segments are entirely
separate which was his reason for considering the family the most
primitive of the Adephaga.

Because of the complete fusion of the sternites and pleurae of the
second and third abdominal segments, Kolbe (20) removed the family
from the Adephaga and placed it in the Polyphaga but Gahan (25
and 26, p. 166) has shown an additional reason, as stated previously,
why this should not be done.

With the description and figuring of the larvae and ])upx of Cupcs
concolor Westw., Snyder (27), the subject is anything but cleared
and Gahan's (26) opinion will perhaps be reversed.

Lameere (Gahan (26), p. 166) believed that the larvae live in
wood and are of the cruciform type. Snyder (27) has shown that
the larvae are of the eruciform type and do live in wood; in fact, they
greatly depart from the campodeiform type, and he states that the
legs are five-segmented with a single claw, approaching somewhat
larvae of the Lymexilonidae in appearance. These characters are, in-
deed, widely different from the campodeiform larvae with six-seg-
mented legs and tarsi with two claws that are found in the Adephaga,.
although Gahan has shown here that one exception is now known in
Adephagan larvae in the family Paussidae which Dr. Boving describes,
as having only five segments in each leg.

We must, if we are to admit that the two suborders, Adephaga
and Polyphaga, are the true major divisions of the Coleoptera, weigh
these points very carefully in deciding the position that the Cupedidiie
should hold. The characters may be summed up as follows :

200 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii,

CUPEDID/E.
Adephaga. Polyphaga.

Wing venation of the first type Sternites and pleurae of the second

(Gahan, 26, p. 124). A suture on abdominal segment completely fused
each side of the prothorax between with the third (Gahan, 26, p. 247).
the notum and pleurae (Gahan, 26, p. Habits of the larvae. Larvje eruci-
166). form, widely departing from the cam-

podeiform type. Larvae with legs of
five segments — tarsi with a single
claw (Snyder, 2-j').

Shall we, therefore, in view of these characters, consider the
Cupedidre —

1. As a modified famil}- of the Adephaga, as Gangll^auer and Gahan

contend ?

2. As a distinct subdivision of the Polyphaga, nearly approaching the

Adephaga as Kolbe considered them, or

3. As holding a position between the Adephaga and the Polyphaga,

having important characters of each of these suborders and
indicating a more direct descent from the original Coleopteron?
The wing venation would seem to indicate that this might be
true.

The writers are more inclined to agree with Kolbe (20) in plac-
ing this family in the Polyphaga, for if we are correct in believing
that only beetles having the campodeiform type of larva should be
placed in the Adephaga, then the Cupedidse are widely different, not-
withstanding the wing venation and the suture on each side of the
prothorax between the notum and pleurae.

To be; sure, Dr. Boving's discovery of an exception to the six-
segmented leg of the Adephaga in the Paussidae would tend to show
that the Cupedidae might not be excluded from that group by that
reason alone.

If the Coleoptera are really to be arranged with regard to the
true phylogeny of groups much and exhaustive study will have to be
made on the ontogeny of the species. This knowledge at present is
so manifestly inadequate in most families that a grouping in accord-
ance with true racial relationships is usually impossible. Notwith-
standing, it is the .only permanent basis and the one which should be
kept constantly in mind. Therefore, until our information on the

Scpt.-Dec, 1920.1 Barber and Ellis: The Family Cupedid.e. 201

life-history and the bionomics of the species herein concerned is more
ample it seems correct to place the CupedidiE in the Polyphaga, in the
position Kolbe has suggested for its retention.

Immature Stages.

Snyder (27) has recently pul)li.shcd descriptions and fifjurcs of
the larva? and pupae of Ciipcs concolor and has thereby filled a long
felt need.

The larv?e were found excavating longitudinal burrows in solid,
but decaying chestnut (telegraph pole) and oak (trestle timbers).
The following is Mr. Snyder's cliaractcrization of the larva; and
pupse of Cupcs concolor Westw.

" The lar\ a is 23.5 mm. in length, white, elongate and subcylindrical.
Body gradually broadening from the sixth to the eighth abdominal segment,
ninth abdominal segment conical, with numerous long hairs on sides, armed
with more heavily chitinized sharp tubercles, being produced to a narrow,
heavily chitinized cylindrical anal process; anal process widening at apex, tip
concave. Pleural ridge on all abdominal segments. Prothorax prominent,
approaching the characteristic dilation of Eiipsalis and Lymexilonid larvae,
broader than head and other thoracic segments. Prosternum broad, flat, armed
with numerous chitinized asperities. Legs 5-jointed, excluding claw; first
joint large, flattened, fleshy lobe. Labium with hairs on anterior portion.
Antennae 4-jointed. Maxillae with all three parts distinct; lacinia thick and
fleshy, with long hairs pointing inward on anterior portion, palpi 3-jointed ;
galea 2-jointed. Labium black, chitinous, chisel-edged emarginate, with
2-jointed palpi. Mandible lilack, chitinous with largo, blunt basal tooth and
3 other teeth.

"Pupa is 11.5 mm. in length, white, body somewhat flattened, abdominal
segments gradually broadening : anal segment widest, conical ; genitalia with
2 lateral, curved, chitinous hooks, pointing anteriorly. Dorsal carina running
the whole length of the body, becoming more distinct toward the end of the
abdomen. -Antenna; lying ventrally, overlapping the elytra. Head bent ven-
trally at right angles to prothorax. First pair of legs lying between other
pairs."

Charactkri/.atiox of the 1""amii.v.

Cupesid.T — Lac. (7); LeConte and Horn (12); l^)latch. (24).
Cupedid.'e — .-Xlluaud (15) ; Peyerimhoff (17 and 21) ; Gahan (26).

Catalogues — Gem. & Har. (9) ; Junk (23).

The following characterization is from LeConte and Horn (12)
and Blatchley (24).

202 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,

"Antennae ii-jointed, filiform, rigid, inserted rather close together upon
the front ; the head tuberculate, stretched out forward and suddenly constricted
behind and attached to the thorax by a distinct neck ; thorax small, quadrate,
the side margins well defined ; presternum well defined with a slight point be-
hind fitting into the mesosternum ; elytra entire, with rows of large punctures
and intermediate ribs ; front coxae small, not prominent, their cavities trans-
verse, open behind ; mesosternum with the side pieces excavated for the middle
legs ; hind coxae transverse, flat, sulcate behind, receiving the thighs in repose ;
abdomen with five free ventral segments ; legs slender, contractile ; tibiae with-
out terminal spurs, tarsi s-jointed, spongy beneath, their claws simple."

Gahan (26) has shown that the family should be further char-
acterized, as follows :

A suture on each side of the prothorax between notum and the
pleurae; sternites and pleurae of the second abdominal segment com-
pletely fused with the third; wing venation of a more or less com-
pletely developed and unmodified state, the costa, subcosta, radius,
media, cubitus and analis present and joined together by a greater
number of transverse veins than are known to occur elsewhere in the
Coleoptera. The anterior branch of the media is a long vein running
uninterruptedly almost from the base to the margin and is joined by
means of two transverse veins with the media, and by two with the
posterior branch of the radius, which, itself, is joined to the radius
by two transverse veins. There are, also, two transverse veins be-
tween the cubitus and media, and two between the cubitus and analis.

Key to the Genera of N. A. Cupedid.i;.

Antennae less approximate at base, shorter and stouter, scarcely half as long as
the body ; eyes small ; gular sutures distant, curved slightly outwards ; double
row of spicula present only on posterior half of elytral margin.

Priacma Lee.

Antennae more approximate at base, longer, less stout, exceeding half length
of the body ; eyes larger ; gular sutures more approximate, not curved out-
wards, parallel or converging behind ; spicula, if present, occupying the full
length of the elytral margins Cupes Fabr.

Key to the Species of Cupes.

The following key is from Casey (13).
Supra-antennal tumid surface rounded and convex ; antennae shorter ; tem-

pora more developed behind the eyes, which are usually smaller.
Body black, the head pale and ochreous-yellow in color; punctures of the

elytral series very large, deep and quadrate capitatUS Fabr.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.1 Barber AND Ellis : TiiE Famiia' Cupedid.^. 203

Body ochreoiis, the elytra variegated with confused patches of dark
piceous-brown ; punctures of the elytral series much smaller.

lobiceps Lee.
Supra-antennal tumidity obliquely angulate, the antennae more elongate ; tem-
pora short, the eyes very large ; body ochreous in color, the elytra varie-
gated with sublongitudinal patches of a darker brown.
Elytral series composed of large approximate quadrate punctures.

concolor Westw.

Elytral series composed of narrow, elongate punctures ; antenna; less

elongate oculatus Casey.

Priacma Lee.

Dr. LeConte (10) characterized tliis genus as follows:

" Since I have seen the Australian genus Omnia, I recognize in
Cupcs scrrata (Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1861, p. 351) a dis-
tinct genus, intermediate between that and Cupcs. From the latter it
differs by the antennse less approximate at base, shorter and stouter,
scarcely half as long as the body, with the joints triangular and nar-
rower at the base, the first as long as but stouter than the 3d. The
eyes are much smaller, though nearly smooth; the under surface of
the head is quite different; gular sutures distant, curved slightly out-
wards, gular angles not porrected, but broad and truncate ; mentum
more prominent, maxillre more exposed, maxillary palpi longer, last
joint elongate, cylindrical, truncate. These differences were partly
indicated by me in the remarks appended to the description of the
species. The color is mottled gray; head with four subacute tubercles,
but not lobed, front concave. Prothorax nearly square, with front
angles prominent ; elytra more convex, alternate interspaces feebly
convex and a little uneven; side margins strongly toothed towards
the tip."

Priacma serrata Lee. (8).

■' Reddish brown, marked irregularly with black variegated with gray and
black squamulae ; front concave ; thorax transverse with parallel sides, anterior
angles acute and divergent, apex towards the middle broadly and slightly pro-
jecting, closely punctuated, grooved, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely im-
pressed ; elytra cylindrical, serial foveje quadrate and cancellate, sides towards
the apex armed with acute spinulw in two series ; eyes small ; antennae shorter
than half the length of the body, ringed with ash and black color. Length
.43-.82."

204 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii,

" East of Fort Colville, at Sinyak water depot, and at Camp
Kootenay, the variation in size of this remarkable species is very
great. Besides the spicula on the lateral margin, and on the extreme
inflexed margin of the elytra, a few are visible on the 7th interstitial
line near the tip. The blackish markings are scattered along the
interstitial line and a broad band behind the middle is also seen."

We were only able to see three specimens of this species in the
LeConte collection, from Oregon. Occurs also in Br. Col. and Cal.
(Leng.) Lengths 11. -19.5 and 22 mm.

Cupes Fabr.

Fabr. (i) ; Lac. (7).

The following is Fabricius' description of the genus.
" Palpi four, equal, last segment thicker, truncate ; ligula short,
membranaceous, bifid; antennae cylindrical."

Cupes capitatus Fabr.

Fabr. (i); Coqueb. (2); Cast. (5); Baynes & Reed (n).

" Mouth with maxillae and palpi ; palpi four, equal, subfiliform, anterior
4-jointed, joints subequal ; last thicker, truncate, attached to the back of max-
illa; posterior 3-jointed, 2nd joint longer and attached to the base of the
ligula ; mandibles short, thick, bifid at the apex, outer division slender, filiform,
inner broad, rounded ; ligula short membranaceous, bifid, with divisions ovate,
rounded, distant, antennae cylindrical. Body elongate, smooth, emarginate,
slender, black ;" head small, ovate, projecting, uneven, red; antennae much
longer than the thorax, approximate, cylindrical, first joint thicker, black,
inserted between the eyes ; eyes small, globose, prominent, marginal ; thorax
flat, short, transverse, unequal, black, with margins somewhat projecting, elytra
rigid, fornicate, sulcate, ridges black, with raised punctures scabrous, length-
wise of abdomen; legs short, compressed, adapted to running, black; tarsi
4-jointed, reddish."

Specimens examined from " Middle States," '" Gulf States," " Cen-
tral Valley States," III, Mo., Md., and Mass. Occurs also in S. C,
Va., Tenn. (Leng.) Varies from 7 mm. to 10.5 mm. in length.

Cupes lobiceps Lee. (10).

" Body elongate, slender, pale-gray, slightly mottled with darker ; antennae
compressed serrate for the lower half, two thirds as long as the body ; head
deeply channelled and transversely impressed, thus dividing into two large
posterior tubercles or lobes, and two smaller frontal ones ; there is also a
lateral lobe behind the eye, separated by a deep groove ; eyes large ; prothorax

Sept.-Dec, i9::o.] BaREER AND ElLIS : ThE FaMILY CuPEDID.E. 205

suddenly narrowed in front, with the sides strongly elongated and a large
median elevation which has a deep rhomboidal excavation ; elytra with rows
of moderate sized quadrate punctures, 3d interspace more convex, 5th, 6th
and -th forming an obtuse costa, 2d and 4th flat. Length .45 inch or 11 mm.

■' San Diego, Cal. A specimen kindly given to me by Mr. Ulke.
This species resembles the figure of C. latrcillei Solier (Lacordaire,
Gen. Col. Atlas, pi. 47, fig. 2) in the form of the antennae. It differs
conspicuously from our other species by the large posterior lobes of
the head and the different sculpture of the prothora.x."

Specimens seen from So. California. Occurs also in Ariz.
(Leng.) Length from 8 mm. to 9.4 mm.

Cupes concolor Westwood.

Westwood (3) ; Blatchley (24) ; Snyder (^27).

cinera Say.

Say (4) ; Cast. (5).

trilineata Melsh.

Melsh. (6).

" Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Pale brownish or ash gray, densely
covered with small scales; elytra with darker oblong dashes or blotches, which
form three indistinct undulated bands. Antennae nearly as long as the body.
Head with four feebly separated tubercles, with a narrow impressed line be-
tween them. Thorax wider than long, about half the width of elytra ; disk
with a median longitudinal carina and a deep impression each side; side mar-
gins abbreviated near the front and hind angles. Elytra with rows of large
quadrate punctures ; intervals convex, the alternate ones higher. Length
7-1 1 mm."

Specimens e.xamined from " Middle States," " Central Valley,"
Indiana, Mass.. and X. H. Occurs also in Ga., Fla., Md., Mich.. Pa.,
N. Y. (Leng.)

Cupes oculatus Casey.

Casey (13) Blatchley (24).

" Form nearly as in concolor but less elongate, pale, yellow-brown, with
indefinite sublineate spots of dark brown on the elytra ; integuments throughout
densely scaly. Head scarcely wider than the prothorax ; sides above near the
eyes longitudinally tumid, the elevation divided transversely at the anterior
limit of the very large convex eyes ; median line fine, coarse anteriorly ; tem-
pera very short. Prothorax fully H wider than long, rectangular and nearly
straight in basal H, becoming feebly convergent and arcuate towards base;
disk elevated along the middle, with a fine median line, broadly rcflexed at the
base, also deeply concave at each side of the middle. Scutellum well devcl-

201) Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,

oped, rounded. Elytra 2^4 to nearly 3 times as long as wide, parallel and
straight at the sides, gradually narrowed at apex, distinctly wider than the
head; ridges feeble, the second and third alone distinct. Under surface
densely scaly. Length 8.5 to 9.7 mm. width 2.0 to 2.2 mm." Recorded from
Indiana. Occurs also in Md., Kans., Fla., Texas, Mich., and N. Y. (Leng.)

The writers have been unable to see the type of oculatus, and it is
doubtful if Blatchley (24) had seen a specimen when he considered
it a variety. It seems to be quite distinct and as an amplification to
the original description the following is quoted from a letter from
Col. Casey and a sketch showing the difference in elytral sculpture is
included with the figures.

'* In concolor the body is more elongate and slightly larger than
in oculatus and the antennae are longer and more slender. In oculatus
the head is transversely sulcate between the eyes, there being no
vestige of the sulcus in concolor: the head and prothorax are very
similar in habitus in the two but in concolor the sides of the latter are
deplanate and not sharply reflexed as they are in oculatus and the
median ridge of concolor is broader.

. " The most striking difference is, however, in the sculpture of the
elytra. In concolor the punctures of the double series are coarser,
more close set and quadrate, while in oculatus they are elongate, rela-
tively narrower, more distinctly so than shown in the drawing sent
herewith, and the series in concolor are very much more approximate
than in oculatus.

" The coloration of the two is nearly alike, being pale ochreous-
gray, feebly mottled with darker. In my opinion there is no possi-
bility of these not being two distinct species in the material at hand,
the only point being as to whether or not Westwood's species is cor-
rectly identified. As my identification coincides completely with that
of LeConte, I, however, have no doubt on this score."

Following his description of Cupes serrata LeConte (8) added a
consideration of the species known at that time, all confined to the
genus Cupes, in which he pointed out the most important characteral
differences of the species. He said, " It will probably be found on
dissection that the characters separating our three species of Cupes
will warrant them in being considered as belonging to distinct gen-
era." Some time later LeConte (10) did separate the most widely
differing species, serrata, erecting the genus Priacma for its reception.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] Barber AND Ellis: The Family CuPEDID/E. 207

Four species must still be retained in Cupes although certain
characters, most noticeably the antennae, eyes, and tuberculate head,
are widely different, but until one finds fresh preserved material for
exhaustive study LeConte's conception of the family as indicated
heretofore must stand.

The writers wish at this time to thank Mr. Nathan Banks for his
kindness in allowing examination and study of the material in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, especially the LeConte collection,
which is particularly rich in the Cupedidse. They desire also to thank
Mr. C. W. Johnson for permission to examine the specimens in the
collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. To Mr. C. W.
Leng and to Col. Casey thanks are also due for notes and sug-
gestions.

Drawings from Priacma serrafa and C^^pes lobiceps are from
type ; Cupcs capifatus and Cupes concolor from typical specimens.

Bibliography.

1. iSoi— Fabr.. Syst. Elcuth.. II. p. 66.

2. 1S04 — Coqueb.. Illust. Ins., Ill, T. 30, f. i.

3. 1830 — Westw., Zool. Jour., V, p. 440.

4. 1S35 — Say, Bost. Jour., I, p. 167.

S- 1837 — Cast., Hist. Nat. Col., I, p. 292.

6. 1846— Melsh., Proc. Acad. Phil., II, p. 310.

7. 1857 — Lac, Gen. Col., IV, p. 505.

8. 1861 — LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., p. 351.

9. 1869— Gem. & Har., Cat. Col,, VI, p. 1761.

10. 1874 — LeConte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, V, p. 87.

11. 1881— Bayes & Reed, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 31.

12. 1883 — LeConte & Horn, Coleop. N. A., p. 229.

13- 1897 — Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, pp. 637-638.

14. 1900 — Lameere, An. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLIV, p. 355.

15. 1900 — AUuaud, Col. reg. Malgache, p. 155.

16. 1 90 1 — Kolbe, Archiv. fiir Naturg., p. 39.

17. 1902 — Peyerimhoflf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., pp. 206 and 330.

18. 1903 — Ganglbauer, Munch. Kol. zeit., I, p. 271.

19. 1903 — Lameere, An. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLVII, p. 155.

20. 1908 — Kolbe, Zeitschrift fiir wissensch Insectenbiol.

21. 1909 — Peyerimhoff, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 57.

22. 1909 — Sharp, Insects, Pt. II, p. 234, Camb. Nat. Hist.

23. 1 010— Junk, Cat. Col., Pt. V.

24. 1910 — Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 892.

25. 1910 — Gahan, Ann. Mag. N. H. (8), V, p. 57.

208 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,

26. 191 1 — Gahan, The Entom.

27. 1913 — Snyder, Ent. Soc. Wash., XV, pp. 30—31.

28. 1915 — Brues & Melander, Key to the Families of Ins., p. 30.

EXPLAN.ATION OF Pl.\TE X.

Fig. I. — Cupes lobiceps Lee, dorsal aspect.
Fig. 2. — Cupes concolor Westw., dorsal aspect.
Fig. 3. — Priacma serrata Lee, dorsal aspect.
Fig 4. — Cupes capitatiis Fabr., dorsal aspect.
Fig. 5.- — Cupes capitatus Fabr., lateral view of head.
Fig. 6. — Cupes capitatiis Fabr., ventral aspect.

Fig. 7. — (A) Cupes concolorWestw. — Detail of elytral sculpture. (B) Cupes
ocnlatus Casey — Detail of elytral sculpture (after sketch by Casey).

NEW SPECIES OF SERICA (SCARAB^ID^). III.

By R. W. Dawson,

Lincoln, Nkbraska.
Serica loxia new species.

(^. Length 7 mm. Color auburn, surface bare, polished and shining.

Clypeus nearly level with the front, feebly impressed below the suture and
before the reflexed margins, broadly and feebly tumid just below the middle ;
anterior margin abruptly, moderately elevated, nearly straight viewed vertically,
lateral margins distinctly reflexed, separated from the anterior margin by a
sharp, rather deep incisure ; punctures moderately strong and closely placed,
separated by about half their own diameters ; clypeal suture distinct, very
obtusely angled at the middle. Front less closely and regularly punctured, the
punctures nearly or quite wanting on the occipital area, separated by one half
to two times their own diameters on the lower portion of the sclerite. Eyes
and antennal club of moderate size. Measurements of head (in tenths of a
millimeter) as follows : Diameter of head through eyes, 20 ; distance between
the inner eye margins, 12; length of head on median line, 16; extreme width
of clypeus in front of incisure, 9 ; antennal club, 8 ; dorso-ventral diameter
of eye, 5.

Pronotum relatively broad, short, and flat, the sides nearly straight, and
only moderately convergent to the anterior angles ; surface rather strongly,
closely and evenly punctured, the punctures separated by one to two times
their own diameters. Measurements of pronotum as follows : Width through
posterior angles, 31 ; width through anterior angles, 21 ; length of median line,
17. Scutellum with a few strong punctures, closer toward the sides; length,
6.5 ; width, 6.5.

Elytra with the usual, moderately well developed striae, each stria with
three confused rows of closely placed punctures. Length of elytra, 54 ; greatest
width, 40.

JouRN. X. V. F;nt. Soc.)

Vol. X.WIII,

(Plate X.)

(CriM.DID/E.)

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] Dawson : New Species of Serica. 209

Elytra with the usual, moderately well developed striae, each stria with
three confused rows of closely placed punctures. Length of elytra, 54 ; greatest
width, 40.

Posterior coxal plates shining, coarsely and closely punctured, the punc-
tures separated by about their own diameters. Metasternum nearly as strongly
and closely punctured as the coxal plates. Hind femora with a number of
scattered, coarse punctures, tending to condense into a line about two fifths
of the way from the posterior edge. Abdominal sternites less shining, with
the punctures about half to two thirds the size of those on the coxal plates,
and separated by about twice their own diameter. The usual single rows of
setigerous punctures present, but not conspicuous.

Length of genital armature of male, 2.4 mm.; its most striking character
the sudden flexure of the tip of the left clasper across the right clasper.
(Plate XL)

$. Differs from the male by the usual secondary sexual characters ;
smaller eyes, smaller antennae (club 5.6 instead of 8), less strongly notched
clypeus, less emarginate last ventral sclerite, and more convex under-line of
abdomen.

Type: (^. Millers, Indiana, July 19. 1916.

Allotype: $. Millers, Indiana, July 19, 1916.

Paratypes : 6 ,^.

Indiana: Lawrence County, i (^ ; Lake County, 2 (^.
Wisconsin : Bayfield, i (^.

North Carolina: Highlands, i (^.
Georgia: Clayton, i (^.

The scarcity of specimens of loxia in collections, and the wide dis-
tribution shown by the few at hand would seem to indicate that it is
one of the less common species.

Serica Carolina new species.

Serica Carolina Blanchard, M. S.

(j*. Length 7.5-8 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. Color varying from Sanford's
brown to chestnut ; surface bare, polished and shining.

Clypeus continuous with the even convexity of the front ; anterior margin
moderately reflexed, nearly straight, lateral margins a little less prominent
than the anterior margin and almost continuous with it ; clypeal notch almost
obsolete, being reduced to a mere angulation at the juncture of the lateral and
anterior margins ; punctures rather coarse and evenly placed, separated by
about their own diameters; clypeal suture fine, but distinct. Front less closely
and regularly punctured than the clypeus, punctures separated by one to three
times their own diameters. Antennal club well developed, and eyes rather
large. Measurements of the head as follows : Diameter of head through eyes,
2^ ; distance between inner eye margins, 13 ; length of head on median line, 15 ;
extreme width of clypeus in front of incisure, 10.6; antennal club, 8; dorso-
ventral diameter of eye, 9.

210 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^^'o'- xxviii,

Pronotum nearly one and two thirds times as wide as long, not very con-
vex, sides nearly straight and but little convergent anteriorly, except just
before the rather obtuse anterior angles where they are broadly rounded in-
wardly ; punctures a little smaller than those of the clypeus, rather evenly and
closely placed, being separated by one to two times their own diameters.
Measurements of pronotum as following: Width through posterior angles, 35;
width through anterior angles, 23 ; length on median line, 22. Scutellum me-
dially with punctures separated by two to three diameters, but laterally by
only half a diameter; length. 7.5: width, 7.5.

Elytra moderately striated, the strioe not sharply limited and with three
somewhat confused rows of moderate-sized punctures, which though closely
placed show very little tendency to coalesce laterally. Length of elytra, 55 :
greatest width, 45.

Posterior coxal plates shining, coarsely and closely punctured, the princ-
tures separated by about their own diameters. Elsewhere beneath, surface
less shining and puncturation finer. Abdominal sternites with the usual single,
transverse rows of setigerous punctures ; setze, however, not conspicuous and
tending to become obsolete medially.

Length of genital armature of male 2 mm. ; recognizable at a glance from
the armatures of all the other vespertina like Sericas known to the writer by
the attenuated form of the stalk and claspers (Plate XII).

5. — Differs from male, by having the clypeal notch nearly or quite oblit-
erated, the anterior and lateral reflexed margins of the clypeus being con-
tinuous; by having smaller eyes (dorso-ventral diameter of 8 instead of 10)
and a shorter antennal club (6.3 instead of 8) ; also by the more convex under-
line of the abdomen and less emarginate terminal sternite.

Type: ^, Southern Pines, North Carolina, December 31, 19 15 (A. H.
Manee).

Allotype: J. Southern Pines, North Carolina (A. H. Manee).

Paratypes : 14 c^, 11 $.

North Carolina: Southern Pines. 13 ^, 10 5; Chapel Hill, 2 ^.

In deference to the memory of the late Frederick Blanchard I
have employed the name which he intended to use for this species.
The specimens in Mr. Blanchard's collection as well as most of those
in other collections were taken hy Mr. A. H. Manee of Southern
Pines, North Carolina, who has also used the manuscript name Caro-
lina in sending out his specimens.

Serica perigonia new species.

S- — Length, 8 mm. ; width, 4.5 mm. Color auburn, surface opaque, lightly
covered with a grayish bloom or pollen, and showing traces of a brilliant
iridescence when viewed in shifting light with a lens.

Clypeus with discal area rather densely covered with medium-sized punc-

(JouRX. X. V. Ext. Soc.) Vol. XX\Ilf. (Platk XI.)

^^

(si:ric \ I oxiA.)

(JouRX. N. ^'. Km. S()c\

\(.i,. X.W

Plaii-: XI 1

r

(SERKA CAROLINA.)

>

N

(Sl-:klC.\ i'l-.RK .oMA.

Sept.-Dec, I920.] Dawson : New Species OF Serica. 211

tures, coalcsccnt to separated by two thirds of their own diameters ; a few
coarser punctures anteriorly, at the edge of the less strongly and densely punc-
tate submarginal impression. Clypeal margin moderately and rather suddenly
reflexed, somewhat emphasized by the submarginal impression. Reflexcd
margin broadly and distinctly sinuate anteriorly ; the usual lateral incisures
entirely wanting. Front finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, becoming
impunctate toward the occiput ; separated from the clypeus by a fine, almost
evenly arcuate suture. Planes of front and clypeus more or less deflected to
the suture, thus forming a diffused, transverse facial depression, usually less
distinct medially but always clearly marked at the sides in front of the eyes.
Antennal club small and short, about equalling the length of joints 2 to 6
inclusive. Eyes small. Measurements of head as follows: Diameter of head
through eyes, 22; distance between inner eye margins, 16; length of head on
median line, 20 ; extreme width of clypeus in front of the position where the
incisure occurs in many species, 13; antennal club, 6; dorso-vcntral diameter
of eye, 7.

Pronotum rather strongly convex from side to side, the lateral margins
evenly and distinctly arcuate, and the hind angles very obtusely and evenly
rounded. Puncturation inconspicuous, rather fine and shallow, but closely and
evenly distributed, the punctures separated on the average by about twice
their own diameters. Sides of pronotum with a small, inconspicuous, though
distinct, piceous spot at the middle near the margin. Measurements of pro-
notum as follows : Greatest width, a little in front of the very round posterior
angles, 35 ; width through the anterior angles, 22 : length on the median line,
19. Scutellum rather densely, but very finely and inconspicuously punctate;
length, 9 ; width, 9.

Elytra feebly striate, the striie line-like, each bearing a single, somewhat
irregular row of fine punctures. Intervals with a few small, scattered punc-
tures, feebly convex, the second, fourth and sixth slightly wider than the
others. Elytral punctures bearing inconspicuous, short, erect, yellow hairs.
Length of elytra, 60 ; width, 45.

Metasternum and posterior coxal plates more strongly punctured than the
upper surface, but punctures still relatively small, separated by one to three
times their own diameters. Abdominal sternites with the usual, single, irreg-
ular rows of rather conspicuous, setigerous punctures, and at the sides with a
few small hair-bearing punctures. Coxae and femora of front and middle legs,
and nieso- and meta-sternum moderately clothed with erect, yellow hairs.

Length of genital armature of male (Plate XIII), 2.6 mm.
$. — DitTers from the male only in the slightly smaller antennae (club 5
instead of 6 as in the male) and broader and less eniarginate last abdominal
sternite.

Type: cJ". Bellcvue, Utah, 3,400 ft., June 21-23, 1919 (^V. Knaus).

Allotype: $. Bellevue, Utah. 3,400 ft., June 21-23, 1919 ( \V. Knaus).

Paratypes: 15 d*. 7 ?•

212 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,

Utah: Bellevue, 9 c?, 4 5 ; Eureka, i (^ ; Vineyard, i c?> ^ ? ! Cedar City,

Coal Creek Canyon, 6,250 ft., 1^,1'^; Stockton, ij.
California : La Crescenta, Los Angeles Co., 4c?.

FURTHER NOTES ON THE MEMBRACID GENUS
OPHIDERMA FAIRM. (HEMIP.-HOMOP.).

By Lewis B. Woodruff,
New York, N. Y.

Ill the December, 1919, number of this Journal the writer set
forth the results of his study of the Membracid genus Ophidcrma,
but certain of his conclusions were perforce stated tentatively, owing
to lack of positive evidence to substantiate them. That lack in some
important instances has been supplied during the past season's col-
lecting, and by the proof thus furnished it is found that the deduc-
tions therein arrived at chiefly by logical processes are correct.

One of them had to do with Gibson and Wells' O. fraterna and its
probable status as the male of Coding's O. flava. That supposition
is now established as a fact. During the month of June, at Litch-
field, Conn., males of fraterna were frequently taken in association
with females of flava, and in at least three instances they were taken
in copulation; thus removing any possible doubt as to the identity of
the former species. As suggested in the paper above referred to, the
specific name fraterna Cib. & Wells must sink as a synonym of flava
Codg., and these two very differently colored insects be brought
together in our cabinets as the two sexes of the latter species.

My series of males of flava taken this past summer consists of
fifteen specimens, ranging in date from June 22 to July i, to wit: the
three paired and in copula take on Quercus rubra (June 29 and 30),
three others also on Q. rubra, seven on Q. coccinea and two on Q.
alba. The females of this species taken this season were found on
the three foregoing 'species of oak in about the same proportions
respectively, but specimens of this sex continued to be taken for more
than a month after the males had disappeared, a phenomenon which
seems to be usual in the fainily. In this connection it is significant
that the last male taken, on July i, was dead when beaten from
the tree.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WoODRUFF : FURTHER NoTES. 213

In the paper cited a new species, O. grisca, was described, based
upon a considerable series of females only. The absence of males
was there commented on, and the hypothesis suggested that the males
might occur early in the season and die soon after mating, the females
persisting much later. Such proves to be the case. The past season's
collecting in the type locality was begun much earlier than usual, and
not only were many additional females of this new species taken, but
the male was also found in considerable numbers, sixteen specimens
having been secured in association with the opposite sex, three of
them paired and in copulation. The dates of capture of the males
ranged from June 22 to July 8, the latter date being the date of cap-
ture of the first female the season previous; and the host plant was
usually Oucrcus coccinca as it had proved to be in the case of the
female specimens taken the year before. The description of the
male is therefore now available and is here presented:

Ophiderma grisea Woodr.

Male. — Allotype: Slender; hairy pubescent on face and pronotum, a little
more sparsely posteriorly. Rather coarsely punctate, more or less glabrous.
Pronotum in form as in female, though proportionally somewhat shorter.
Color brown to black, vittoe creamy to white. Face and clypeus creamy to
white, sutures and callosities black. Pattern as in male of O. pubesccns,
which it resembles, though much smaller, very much more slender, and gener-
ally darker. Elytra as in female, but black band crossing mid-elytra, so con-
spicuous in that sex, obsolescent, commonly not reaching margin. Body be-
neath black, abdominal segments edged posteriorly with pale. Legs pale, fe-
mora above and tibiae anteriorly black. Length 5-5 H mm.

Allotype in my collection. Taken by me at Litchfield, Conn., June
29, 1920, on Qucrcus coccinca. Paratypes will be placed in the Na-
tional Museum at Washington and in the American Museum of
Natural History at New York.

In the key to the species of the genus, presented with the paper
above referred to, this male should perhaps best be placed in the
group without dark mid-elytral band, as that character in this sex
seems to be subject to a tendency to disappear, and so might find its
place under G. (page 260) after J* pubesccns Emmons (the length
of which should read 5V2-6 mm.), with indicia as follows:

Dark brown to black; slender, 5-5^ mm. in length; strongly arcuate humoral
and transverse apical vitt.x creamy to white ; mid-elytral band indicated.

(^ grisea Woodr.

214 JOURNAL New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,

A careful examination of the material in the American Museum
of Natural History has brought to light another female specimen
which would seem to agree very closely with Coding's O. flaviguttula,
and I have no hesitation in so assigning it. This example bears a
label showing it to have been taken at Newark, New Jersey, May 29,
1910. Several males and females of the author's dcfiiiita are also in-
cluded in that material, and seventeen more well marked examples,
eleven females and six males, have been taken this past season at
Litchfield, Conn. The length of this form as given in the key is ex-
cessive, and should read J* 4^.^-5 mm., 5 5-5/^ rnm.

NOTES ON THE CRAMBIN^ (LEPIDOPTERA).

By W. T. M. Forbes,
Ithaca, N. Y.

A large part of the following memoranda are based on material
collected in various parts of the southern states by the Cornell Bio-
logical Expedition in the summer of 1917, and by Prof. J. C. Bradley
in his return trip through the same general region in the summer of
1918. The material has not quite all been mounted, but as it is a
serious question when the mounting will be finished under present
conditions, it has seemed best not to delay this paper further.

The discovery of various genera in which vein R^ (vein 9) has
disappeared, forces us to an extension of Hampson's definition of
the subfamily (Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1895, 921), but emphasizes
the relative value of the characters of the female frenulum and con-
dition of the cell of the hind wing, used by Ragonot in defining his
two subfamilies Crambinse and Ancylolomin^e (Ann. Ent. Soc. France
(6), 10, 445-447, 1890). The subfamily may be defined as follows:

Pyralids with antenna; simple, laminate, or pectinate, without any
special modifications; ocelli most often present; tongue rarely strong,
sometmies absent; palpi porrect, beaklike, and sometimes very long;
maxillary palpi large, and triangularly scaled ; tibise with normal
spurs. Fore wings with first A (ic) completely absent; usually with
all veins from cell preserved, R. or M., sometimes lost, and R_^ also

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORBES : NoTES ON THE CrAMBIX.E. 215

fused witli R. in Raphiptcra and the new j^cnus Loxocramhus; third
A rudimentary as a rule, free. Hind wing with Sc and R anastomo-
sing, with a strong fringe on base of Cu and three developed anals,
in other characters of two principal types: (i) (Crambini) with
frenulum multii)le in female, cell widely open, the discocellular being
reduced to a short spur attached to Cu stem, and M, approximate or
stalked with Rji ; (2) (Ancylolomiini ) with frenulum simple in female,
cell closed by a distinct though somewhat weak vein, and M, widely
separated from distal part of R^ at its origin from cell, and often
somewhat weak. The tip of Sc is lost in the Crambine genus
Raphiptcra.

I should reject the two genera Chalco'cla and Dicymolomia from
this group ; their affinities are wholly with the genus Glapliyria and
its kin, usually considered PyraustinJE, but possibly worthy of a
separate subfamily, based mainly on the character of the fringe on
the base of Cu, which runs out diffusely into the outer part of the
wing, diverging from Cu, and ends in a more or less striking tuft
of spatulate scales. This group would be the Homophysida^ of
Guenee. etc. The Schoenobiin?e I should separate primarily on the
preservation of first A toward the margin of the fore wing, as this
is a significant primitive character occurring in no other group of
Pyralids known to me, and present in all Schoenobiinse examined,
even the strongly aberrant genus Accntropus. The fringe of hair
on cubitus is in its weakest expression in the Crambinre about like its
fullest development in the Schoenobiinae. I believe that Loxostc-
gopsis^ which lacks first A is not a Schoenobiid, but an aberrant
Pyraustid. The Phycitinse and Anerastiinse. aside from their con-
sistent loss of a radial, combine characters of the two tribes of Cram-
binae. From the Ancylolomiini they differ in having R and Mj of
the hind wing approximate, from the Crambini in the more distinctly
closed cell, and simple female frenulum. Very few have the large
triangular maxillary palpi common to both groups of Crambina'. I
have omitted Uscodys from the following key, as probably Schoeno-
l>iid, since first A is preserved. Sc and R are separate in the hind
wing, a very rare character in either grouj). 1 have noted from the
type of Uinta orcadclhi Hulst, that R of the hind wing is from the

1 I consider " Loxotcgopsis " an obvious misprint.

216 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,

upper angle of the cell, which is closed; as one radial is lost and the
habitus phycid there remains nothing to associate the genus with the
Crambinse, and it will go to the Anerastiinse.

Ml (6) hind wing widely separated from Sc (8) at the level of the end of
the cell, cell closed, female frenulum simple (Ancylolomiini),
Fore wing without any indication of notch at middle of outer margin ; R
well separated from Sc toward base in hind wing, Ri free in fore wing ;

M3 lost Euf emaldia.

Fore wing (in our species) with a more or less distinct notch at middle of
outer margin (very weak in Surattha, which has M, present).
Base of R widely separated from Sc. terminating practically opposite M,.

Mesolia.
Base of R terminating well above origin of Mi, usually closely approxi-
mated to Sc.

Rj free, notch slight Surattha.

Rj normally anastomosing with Sc, notch stronger.

Fore wing five times as long as broad, outer margin strongly

oblique Pseudoschoenobius.

Fore wing about three times as long as broad, each half of outer
margin of fore wing nearly vertical.

Upper discocellular long Prionapteryx.

Upper discocellular very short or absent, Mi normally ap-
parently continuous with base of R Mesolia.

Ml approximate to Sc + R at end of cell or stalked (Crambini).

A secondary apex developed at M^. the true apex truncate, obscure.

Loxocrambus.
Apex normal, at R3 or R4.
Rb stalked.

Two radials and a medial of fore wing and Sc and a medial of hind

wing lost Raphiptera.

Venation complete or practically so.

Antennae uni-, or bipectinate in male Thaumatopsis.

Antennas laminate or simple Crambus.

R5 from cell.

Ri anastomosing or connected with Sc.

R2 stalked with R3_5 ; ocelli lost lesta.

Ra from cell, sometimes imperfectly fused with stems of Ra-j but
separate at origin.
Ocelli absent ; tongue obsolete, palpi three times as long as

head Diatraea.

Ocelli present.

Tongue present, though weak ; palpi three times as long
as head ; Sc of hind wing typically with free part very
short Haimbachia.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORBES : NOTES ON THE CRAMBINiE. 217

Tongue present, though weak ; palpi twice as long as head
and more triangular; Sc of hind wing with free part

long Argyria, part,

R, free.

R, stalked, ocelli present Eoreuma.

Rj free at origin.

Front rounded, tongue distinct.

Palpi projecting about length of head Argyria.

Palpi projecting about twice length of head . . . .Platytes.
Front conical, or with a central cone.

Tongue well developed, Rj arising from cell well before

Cuj, ocelli present Ommatopteryx.

Tongue rudimentary, R, arising opposite or beyond Cu;
ocelli often absent Chilo.

Genus Surattha Moore.
S. santella Kearfott. Tucson. Ariz., July 22, 1917.

Genus Prionapteiyx Stephens.

Dr. McDunnoi:gh calls my attention to the fact that the types of
Mesolia and Eugrotca are congeneric, in fact closely related, so that
the name Eugrotea is unavailable as used by Kearfott. The best way
out would seem to be to divide the series considered Eugrotcas by
Kearfott according to the condition of M^ of the hind wing, and put
those with M^ from the anterior angle of the cell, at nearly the same
point as R, in Mesolia, and the rest in Prionapteryx. The first group
also agrees with Mesolia in having a dentate t. p. line and include
olivella and hiiachucella as well as dcntdla. Of the latter I have only
seen yavapai, which has an even t. p. line like Prionapteryx.

P. nebulifera Stcph. Brown's Mills, N. J., July 6, 1919 (F. H. Benjamin).
P. yavapai Kearf. Wellton. Yuma Co., Ariz., Aug. 6, 1917.

This series shows an extraordinary amount of variation in vena-
tion. Not one specimen matches Kearfott's figure. In one case R5
and M^ are stalked half way to the outer margin, and in another they
are barely stalked, but generally they are free. M^ and M3 are
stalked in six specimens, one of which shows only a rudiment of M3
on one side ; they are united in seven. In the hind wing they are
consistently united. Sc and R of the fore wing are normally con-
nected by a very short cross-vein, but they often anastomose at a

218 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°i- xxviii,

point, and on one side of one specimen appear to become coincident,
as in Kearfott's figure.

Genus Mesolia Ragonot.

M. olivella Grote. Camden, Ark., June 2, 191 8.

This is the species which generally passes for dcntclla. The latter
is considered by Barnes and McDunnough the same as inccriclla.

M. huachucella Kearfott. Mesquite near Mesilla Park, N. M., July 12, 1917;
Lordsburg, July 13, 1917; Tucson, Ariz., July 22, 1917.

This species is very close to the type of the genus, and has R^ free.

Genus Pseudoschoenobius Fernald.
P. opalescalis Hulst. Deming, N. M., July 12, 19 17.

Genus Eufernaldia Hulst.

This genus is quite a typical Ancylolomid, though it has always
been placed with the Crambid genera. It was taken at Marfa, Tex.,
May 15, 1918, and at Limpia Canon in the Davis Mts., Tex., on July
7, 1917, at over 5000 feet elevation; both times at light in grass-land.

Genus Raphiptera Hampson.

I should interpret this genus as Crambid in the restricted sense,
rather than Ancylolomid. The cell is widely open and there is no
trace of a vein from its end, so that it seems most probable that Sc
has been lost, rather than M^ as Hampson indicates. The pattern is
also Crambid. I have typical minimcUa from Anderson, S. C. June
5, 1917, and Leroy, Ala., June 11, 1917. Specimens from the vicinity
of Ithaca (McLean Bogs, Tompkins Co., N. Y.) appear to be argil-
laccella rather than minimcUa, but I am not at all sure the forms are
distinct species. Fernald reports minimella from New York, but it
may be from the austral part of the state. The minimella from An-
derson were taken at a trap lantern in oak woods, and the one from
Leroy in the same way on the bank of a creek in pine and oak woods.
The argillaceclla from McLean on the other hand are confined to the
heath-cover of a couple of peat-bogs, as is the species at Mer Bleue,
Ontario.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORHE.S : XOTES ON THE CrAMBIX-E. 219

Ginus Crambus Fabricius.

In this genus the group with Sc anastomosing with R^ in the fore
wing is larger than would be expected from Hampson's grouping.
The eastern species with anastomosis include C. alhclliis, hortucUus,
triscctns, caligiiwscUits. zcclhis and lutcolcllus as well as doubtless
lacinicllus. A number of western species also show the character.

C. quinquareatus Zcll. Biloxi, Miss., Tunc 13, 1917; Needles, Cal., April, 1918.
It is obvious from Walker's description and type locality, that
Walker's species hastiferellus is not this. I believe kastiferclltts is
a synonym of Icachclhis, with which its description agrees more
closely.

C. leachellus Zinck.

Specimens from ^lesquite, near ]\Iesilla Park, and Deming, X. M.,
July 12, 1917, and Lampia Canyon, Davis Mts., Tex., July 7, appear
to be a very pale race of this species. The fore wing is shaded with
yellow and light brown, almost like C. alhoclavellus, but the markings
are about as in leachellus and carpenterelliis. Unlike leachellus there
is a distinct white marginal patch, over veins 3-5, contrasting with
yellow areas above and below. I have also seen the form in the
Barnes collection.

Crambus biguttellus new species.

General structure and habits of C. albellus Clem. Fore wing with R, fret
from Sc, Rr, stalked more than half way to apex (a third way in C. albellus).
.'\pex blunt, not at all produced, outer margin distinctly excavate at middle,
the bottom of the indentation at M3.

Head and thorax white above, collar with a broad diti'use pale gray-brown
band on each lobe. • Abdomen dirty white. Antennae light fuscous. Sides of
palpi white above, fuscous below ; maxillary palpi white, with a narrow black
ring. Fore legs fuscous, distally gradually shading into white on coxa; ; mid-
dle and hind legs white, with dirty white tarsi.

Fore wing silver white; base of costa pale yellowish brown ; extreme costal
edge blackish toward base ; no other basal markings. Post-medial line yellow-
ish, oblique outward from middle of costa to end of cell, where it bends an
acute angle and runs into a rounded black spot on lower edge of cell at middle
of wing. Thence it continues obliquely inward to a similar spot on middle of
inner margin, but is very faint and broken. The upper spot is lightly edged
with ochrcous, the lower with hardly a trace of ochre edging. Subterminal
line light yellow, running across apex, then sharply curving at Mj (vein 5) and

220 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^oi. xxviii,

running closely parallel to outer margin, to anal angle. Two parallel lines
trisect the space between the subterminal line and the apex, but fade out below,
leaving a narrow continuous white margin. Terminal line fine, black at costa
only, faintly continued to the notch. A yellow marginal shade below the
notch, containing three black dots, in cells M3, Cuj, Cuo, the middle spot
notably weaker than the other two. Fringe white above notch, with a faint
yellow tint, lead-gray below, but shading into white again at anal angle. Hind
wing yellowish white, with pure white fringe. Under side of fore wing dirty
yellowish white with the three black marginal dots larger but less intense ;
hind wing white. 11 mm. Two males, Schriever, La., June 17, 1917, taken at
light at edge of woods. Cornell U. type and paratype number 464.

In Fernald's key this species will run to C. pusionelhis, but it is
much smaller, there is a distinct black spot on the middle of the wing,
and the st. line is single except toward the costa, and much nearer
the outer margin. From C. albellns it differs in wing-form, in having
only three marginal dots above and below instead of five, in the two
median black dots, and the white hind wings.

Crambus immunellus ZelL, new race minor.

Our specimens are evidently varietally distinct from Zeller's South Amer-
ican C. immunellus (Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1872, PI. 2, {. 6; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross.,
13, 47, 1877), but seem more closely related to it than to the northern C.
elegans. This form is smaller than elegans or immunellus, the ground largely
whitish with a rather distinct blackish shade along the costa, which is cut by
the strong oblique white median and subterminal bars, but extends well beyond
the latter. The blackish marking on the inner margin is smaller than in
elegans and tends to be divided on A, but is black rather than brownish. The
submarginal line is suffused except at the costa, with only traces of a pale
center-line, and tends to be a little dentate, especially on its inner border.
It turns sharply away from the outer margin toward the costa and meets the
costa barely four fifths way out. The terminal dots are much heavier than
in C. elegans, the first two being elongate and almost running together. The
hind wing and under side appear paler than in elegans, and the labial palpi
are white with heavy blackish bars covering half the surface of the second
and third joints, instead of the solidly darker outer face of elegans. From
typical immunellus the form may be distinguished by the suffused, mostly dark
submarginal line, the smaller size, and probably more intensely black dorsal
crescent; from C. polingi by the small size and separate terminal dots. 10
to 12 mm. Two males, both at light. Type Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917;
paratype Schriever, La., June 17, 191 7, Cornell U. number 465.

C. teterrellus Zell.

The dominant species in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
C. coloradellus Fern. Mesquite, near Mesilla Park, N. M., July 12, 1917.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.I FORBES : NoTES OX THE CrAMBIN.E. 221

C. intermedius Kcarfott. Gillett (Karnes Co.), Tex.. June 25, 1917; Rich-
mond, Tex., June 22, 1917; Columbus, Tex., May 21, 1918.

C. nevadellus Kearf. Victorville, Cal., May 30, 1918.

C. dimidiatellus Grt. Mesquitc, near Mesilla Park, X. M.. July 12, 1917;
Phoenix, Ariz., May 7-8, 1918.

Genus Haimbachia Dyar.

The condition of the tongue seems unstable in closely related
species of the Crambince, and the presence of the ocelli would seem a
better character to separate this genus from Diatrcva. Sc of the hind
wing also appears a little shorter. I believe the genus should be ex-
tended to include damon, squamidclla, prosenes and parallela. H.
damon has reduced ocelli distant from the eye, and will form a tran-
sition to Di-atrcra, but I cannot see the connection with Plafytes.
Squamidella, prosenes and parallela do not seem to differ in any sig-
nificant way from placidella, in fact squamidella is very close. The
latter is generally confused with a related species which has a well-
marked conical front, but if I am right in my determination the front
is smooth in the true squamidella. Parallela is different in appear-
ance, but the rest immediately suggest placidella in the course of the
t. p. line close to the margin. Venosalis Dyar should be compared
with Diatrcra. (Ins. Ins. Men., 5, 87.)

Genus Thaumatopsis Morrison.

T. pectinifer Zell. Victoria, Tex., June 24, 1917, at light.
T. edonis Grt. Brown's Mills, N. J., Sept. i, 1919.

Genus Ommatopteryx Kirby.

0. texana Rob. New Braunfcls, Tex., June 26, 1917; Texas Pass, Ariz., July
19, 1917, Xeedles, Cal., Apr. 1-6, 1918; Indio, Cal., May i, 1918.

Examination of the genitalia shows that our species is structurally
distinct from the old-world O. ocellea. The principal difference is in /^^^
the row of spines on the sedeagus, which consists of 13 or 14 rather
short and similarly formed spines in our species, but in ocellea has
two types of spines, the twelve or fourteen proximal much like these
of ours, but followed by a more distal series of nearly as many more
slender closely crowded spines.

222 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

Genus Argyria Hiibner.

Our species of this genus form two clean-cut groups. The typical
section has palpi projecting about as far as the length of the head,
rounded and not prominent front, and Sc free and nearly straight,
as usually described. It includes A. nivalis, rileyella, argentana, lac-
teella and the majority of the tropical species. The other group,
with A. oiiratella (including its southern form piilcJiella) , A. critica,
described below, and doubtless Dyar's A. joncsclla from the neotrop-
ical region, has much longer palpi, as long as the thorax, more or less
conical front and Sc anastomosing with R. The tongue is also
weaker and the species approach Diafrcca, differing mainly in the
rather shorter, stouter palpi, presence of ocelli, and silvery coloring.

A. rileyella Dyar.

There is a specimen in our collection, taken by Dr. J. C. Bradley
at Spring Creek (Decatur Co.) Ga., May 18-21, 1916; which defi-
nitely fixes this species as North American. Dr. Barnes has also
a series from Southern Pines, N. C. It was described without local-
ity, and does not appear in our lists.

A. argentana Martyn. Richmond, Tex., June 22, and Wharton, Tex., June 24,

1917-
A. lacteella F. .Ma., La. and Miss., June, 1917.
A. auratella pulchella Walk.

This name may be applied to the small southern form of A. aura-
tella j which does not appear to differ in markings. Devers. Tex.,
June 21, 1917.

Argyria critica, new species.

This form is very close to auratella and may not be distinct, but as it
differs visibly in frontal structure, and will run differently in Dyar's key (Ins.
Ins. Men., i, iii), it may receive a name.

Front rounded out, about a quarter as far as width of eye, and much
less prominent than in A. auratella. Male antennae not quite so broad as in
male auratella. Sc and R of fore wing anastomosing. Silver white, marked
with golden yellow. Head yellow, face white with yellow borders ; vertex
broadly white. Palpi yellow, white on upper side and at tips. Collar yellow
with a white middorsal band. Thorax white with a triangular golden yellow
patch on each side of disc, partly covered by the white tegulae. Under side
white, front of fore coxa, remainder of fore legs and outer face of middle legs
yellow. Abdomen white.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FoRBES : NOTES ON THE CrAMBIN.12. 223

Fore wing white, costal edge finely edged with yellow, hardly showing
above. A broad, somewhat irregular oblique median fascia from costa at
three fifths, to inner margin at two fifths, extending somewhat outward along
costa and inward along inner margin, but not out along inner margin. It is
partly edged with brown and black scales. There is no trace of yellow on
distal half of inner margin. Terminal line umber brown, fringe yellow, shin-
ing, rather deeper at base. Hind wing wliitr. Under side of fore wing with
a slight yellow tint, deepening on the fringe. 15 mm. Gibsonville, N. C,
June 3, 1917. Type and paratype males in Cornell U. collection, type number
466. Trenton, Ont., July 6, 191 1; Caldwell, X. J., July 30, 1904; Mt. Airy,
Pa. (P. Laurent); Xew Brighton, Pa., July 5— Aug. 9; Everglade. Fla., Apr.
8-15: Hastings, Fla.. Apr.; paratypis in Barnes collection. Utica. X. Y.,
July 14, 1918 (C. R. Crosby).

Our species of Argyria may be separated as follows :

Fore wing with transverse golden fascia, palpi long, R, joining Sc.

Outer half of inner margin yellow auratella.

Larger, 16 mm race auratella.

Smaller, i o mm race pulchella.

Outer half of inner margin white critica.

Fore wing with faint transverse line or none, palpi short. R, free.
Head white, palpi largely white.

Vertex all yellow, fore wing with a black subapical bar. 10 mm.

lacteella.

^'ertex white in center, no subapical bar. iS mm nivalis.

Head and palpi deep yellow.

A golden streak along inner margin, no transverse markings, .argentana.

Inner margin wholly white ; a faint excurved transverse line and apical

streak rileyella.

Genus Platytes Guenee,

P. multilineatella llulst. Theodore, Ala., June 12, 1917; Biloxi, Miss., Tune

13. 19' ;•
P. panalope Dyar. Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917.

Genus Eoreuma Ely.

E. densellus Zell. Sabine River Ferry. La., opposite Orange. Tex., June 20,
1917 ; Dcvers, Tex.. June 21.

The specimens show definitely the characters of Eoreuma. with
Rj free and R., stalked.

Genus Chile Zincken.

" Diatrcca'' allcni and diffcrciitiiilis, and "Cliilo" forbcscllus and
comptulalis have R, free like Chilo. Init lack ocelli, like Diatrcva and

224 Journal New York Entomological Society, r^oi. xxviii,

lesta. They would seem to go together, and with our present tend-
ency to emphasize ventational characters would naturally be placed
in Chilo. The larva of the type of Cliilo differs from that of Diatrcca
in having only two lengths of hooks on the prolegs, and having the
circle open on the outer side, so that when the larvae of other species
become known we are likely to have collateral evidence.

Genus lesta Dyar.

I. lisetta Dyar. Ft. Myers, Fla., May, 1916; J. C. Bradley; Leroy, Ala., June
II, 1917.

Genus Diatraea Guild.

D. evanescens Dyar. Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917; Schriever, La., June 17;

Richmond, Tex., June 22.
D. saccharalis F.

The early stages of this species show some unexpected characters,
necessitating a widening of the definition of the subfamily. The
larva shows the general characters of the family Pyralidae, with
simple setae, bisetose prespiracular wart, iv and v of the abdomen on
the same tubercle, and a complete circle of irregularly triordinal
hooks on the prolegs. The other characters are as follows : Vertex
closed, adf. ending abruptly about a third way up to vertex; front
small and quite narrow. Prothorax with cervical shield normal ;
beta higher than alpha, delta higher than gamma, and slightly behind
beta, gamma, epsilon and rho forming nearly an equilateral triangle,
closer together than the other setae. Prespiracular and subventral
each with two setae, horizontally placed. Meso- and metathorax sim-
ilar, with ia + b, iia + b; iv + v on a small plate, and iii on the pos-
terior edge of a large one; vii of two setae (like the Galleriinae,
Cramhus has a single seta), lateral minute primaries on a large plate;
scutellum large, chitinized, without setae. Abdomen (A3-6) normal,
with iii nearly above spiracle, iv above and slightly behind v on the
same tubercle, vii of three small setae, the posterior slightly the long-
est; hooks of prolegs irregularly bi- and tri-ordinal. A2 similar, the
setae vii in a triangle, Ai with 2 setae vertically placed. A7 has two
horizontally placed setae. A8 has the spiracles enlarged, facing back
and much nearer dorsal line, with iii directly in front ; the plates of
i and ii fused across the dorsal line and vii single. On A9 ii is fused
across the dorsal line as in many Tortricids, iii (rho) is minute on

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORBES : NOTES ON THE CrAMBIN.^. 225

the lower edge of the plate of i. iv and vi are lost, vii simple. These
characters are crambid except for the preservation of a second seta
at the bases of all the true legs; the type differs from the Galleriinae
in the nearly vertical, rather than horizontal placing of the setae iv
and V on the abdomen, the partly triordinal. rather than uni- and bi-
ordinal hooks, and the placing of the setoe of A9 which are in a
nearly vertical series. Chilo phragmilcUus also has the double setae
on T 2 and 3, so I suspect Fracker's specimen of C. plejadellus was
defective; pJiniymitcllus differs in having rho of the i)rothorax
rather lower than epsilon and distant from gamma as well as the
different proleg mentioned above, but has the characteristic last
spiracle of Diatrcco.

The pupa of D. saccharalis is similarly aberrant, and also shows
some characters of the Galleriinae. It is typical of the Pyralidae, but
will run to the Galleriinae in Miss Mosher's key, on account of the
short maxillae, less than half as long as the fore wings, and obscure
pilifer. There is no middorsal ridge on the body and the sculpture is
of raised reticulations rising into pyramidal points, rather than of
spines. The prothorax is Galleriid, nearly half as long as the meso-
thorax. The other characters are : head with anterior rugosities,
obscuring the sutures, prothorax nearly 3% mesothorax in greatest
length, mesothorax with prominent sharp shoulders at base of wings,
overhanging deep grooves on the prothorax ; labrum on ventral sur-
face of body; maxillae 3^, the fore legs meeting behind them; labial
palpi lanceolate, as long as middle width of tongue, max. palpi a
minute triangle at base of middle legs, fore femora visible ; Aid well
set off by a dorsal and lateral transverse groove, with shallow lateral
furrow; cremaster obsolete, represented by a system of pyramidal
points on last three segments, without obvious setae.

Genus Loxocrambus new genus.

This form is evidently a derivative of Crambus, differing mainly
in the reduced costal venation and very early separation of M, from
Sc and R in the hind wing. It will run to CuUadia in Hampson's
key, but differs in wing form, and in the anastomosis of Sc and R.
The two genera appear to be separately derived from different groups
of Crambus. So far as I know, the secondary apex at M., is unique
in the Pvralids.

226 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,

Head about as in Crambus. Male antennae slightly prismatic.
tongue very weak, but coiled. Ocelli present. Eyes large. Thorax
and legs scaly, normal. Fore wing with the apex rounded over, trun-
cate, with a slightly increased curvature over Ry+^+r,, but with the
apparent apex at M3. Cu-stem higher than usual in the wing, with a
very wide space between it and second A, but without any trace of
first A. Three radials only, the first short, running into Sc, which
ends free in the membrane ; the other two also free, and not quite
reaching the margin. M^ free, normal. M., and ., connate, cell open,
third A obsolescent, free, as usual. Hind wing with base of R obso-
lete, Mj^ apparently arising free, a third way out from i)ase, but
obscurely connected with Sc + R. which immediately diverge from
it and separate from each other two thirds way out to the apex.
Cell open, with hardly a trace of the discocellular, abnormally short
on the anterior side, as indicated by the early separation of M.^ from
Sc + R, but abnormally long on the lower side, — Cu., arising more
than half way out on the wing, widely separate from Cu^. M., and ,,
stalked. All anals normal. Type : L. cancUus n. sp.

Loxocrambus canellus new species.

Light clay color, streaked with white on the veins. Head white, palpi
shaded with clay color on outer side. Legs dirty white, fore legs darkest, as
usual. Thorax apparently white (greasy in all my specimens), the side of the
collar and tegulse clay color. Fore wing with costa and cell suffused with
white, leaving a little darker shading between the veins, and some blackish
scaling in the upper outer portion of the cell. Cell Mj white, except narrowly
along the veins, from discal cell to outer line, indicating the fold. Inner line
even, dark gray, forming an acute angle over end of cell, enlarging into a
black spot and then fading out, but more or less traceable to middle of inner
margin. It tends to show an ocellate spot just above A. Outer line dark gray,
fine, even, about two thirds way from inner line to apex, running parallel to
outer margin as far as M. ; then turning obliquely in, and running nearly
straight across to anal angle. Terminal space white above M3 and clay color
below, with concolorous veins. Three black spots in interspaces at apex, set
well back from margin. Fringe concolorous, hind wing white. Under side
white, immaculate, a little darkened toward costa of fore wing. 15 mm.
Four males, Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917, at light. Type- and paratypes in
Cornell U. collection. No. 467.

The larva is possibly a borer, as the moth becomes greasy much
more readily than Crambus.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NoTES. 227

Loxocrambus mohaviellus new species.

Similar to L. canellus, but noticeably darker and slightly larger.

Pearl gray, shaded with ochreous brown, especially above the anal vein
out to the post-medial line, and along the costal edge beyond. Head pearl
gray, much darker than L. canellus; the palpi darker on the outer side. Disc
of thorax concolorous, the sides of the collar and tegula; darker and browner
gray Fore wing dull ochreous, as far as the post-medial line, the costal edge
and inner margin below vein A pearl gray. A streak of blackish and white
dusting between Sc and R, and more diffuse streaks in outer part of cell,
below Cu and above and below .\. A strong white streak along Cu. Post-
medial line whitish followed by brown the brown darkening into black dots
opposite end of cell and on Cu ; the line obscure below Cuo in the type, and
wholly obscure in the paratype. Post-medial region pearl gray, streaked with
white on the veins, except A, and on the lower interspaces. St. line deep
brown, followed with white. Terminal space pale pearl gray, less yellowish
than in the post-medial region, shading into pale brown at costa, and straw
yellow along dorsal part of outer margin. Two terminal dots, located as in
L, canellus. Terminal line in base of fringe black on costa, obsolete below.
Fringe light, with a black line in outer part, and white scale-tips. Hind wing
and legs pearl gray. Under side pearl gray, terminal dots as above, and lines
in fringe brown. 20 mm. Victorville (Mohave River), Cal., April 30, 1918.
at light in the town. Type and paratype male Cornell U., Xo. 468.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND RECORDS OF LOCAL

LEPIDOPTERA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION

OF A NEW FORM.^

By I"'ra.\k E. Watson,
New York, X. Y.

The following records were taken, unless otherwise stated, from
my collecting notes, in the belief that they will be of use for state
and local lists and it is hoped that they will prove of interest as well.
I have also included the more interesting observations which were
made while on an automobile trip, through Xew Jersey and Penn-
sylvania, during July, 191 7, as a guest of Mr. G. C. Hall. These
notes are enclosed in brackets and Mr, Hall should be credited with
the writer for them.

' Read, in part, before the Xew York Entomological Society.

228 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^oi- xxviii,

Papilio cresphontes Cramer.

One larva, about ready to pupate, found on gas-plant or burning-
bush, Dictamnus alhus Linne, in a garden at Waterbury, Ct., was re-
ceived at the Museum, together with a specimen of the food-plant,
for determination. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

This garden-plant is a variable species of the Rue family (Ruta-
ceae) and occurs from southern Europe to northern China. It has a
strong odor of lemon and will give off a flash of light on sultry
summer evenings when a lighted match is held under the flower-
cluster near the main stem.^

The above plant seems to be fairly well known as a food plant of
cresphontes.

Pieris protodice f. vein, vernalis Edwards.

One specimen captured at Lakewood, Ocean Co., N. J., on April
26, 1906. Coll. F. E. W.

Pieris rapae (Linne). "^

One pupa found during the latter part of August, 1908, attached
to the underside of a leaflet of Cassia marylandica. I raised this
plant from seed in a large flower-pot on my roof and it was the only
plant there. The leaves were well chewed near the pupa, and there
were no other larvae to be found, so that the rapcv caterpillar must
have fed on the Cassia, a female in flying over the roof having de-
posited an egg on it. A normal female subsequently emerged. This
is rather a strange food for rapce. Locality, Morrisania, New York
City. Coll. F. E. W.

Eurymus philodice (Godart).

One nearly full-grown larva was found by W. A. Friedle on a
young plant of Robinia pseudacacia at Washington Heights, New
York City, September 14, 1916. It continued to feed on this plant
until fully grown, making a crippled pupa from which the adult
failed to emerge.

Danaus archippus (Fabricius).

About 5 P. M. on July 14, 1907, while returning from a collect-
ing trip to Lakehurst,^ I found near South Lakewood,^ four nearly

2 Botanical notes by J. B. Keller in L. H. Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia of
Horticulture, Vol. II, 1914, p. 1004.

3 Both towns are in Ocean County, N, J.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 229

full grown larvae on a large bushy plant of Asclcpias tubcrosa. Num-
ber one was resting on the underside of a leaf. Number two was
eating the flowers of a small cluster which projected horizontally
from the inflorescence. The larva held on to the main stalk just
below the flowers with its fourth and anal pairs of prolegs and was
able to reach the flowers. It assumed a horizontal position but with
the anterior segments arched backward and partly downward. Num-
ber three, on another stalk, was chewing the stem just beneath the
flower cluster. Number four was feeding on the flowers of still
another cluster. It held on to the stalk in the same manner as num-
ber two, with its anterior segments arched backward and downward.
The flower cluster upon which this larva was feeding was hanging
down ; the peduncle had been chewed partly through, a very wide
V-shaped portion of the stalk having been eaten out. A number of
other flower-heads on various plants of A. tubcrosa were observed
hanging downward with their stems partly cut through.

Do the larvae cut the stems so as to assume a comfortable position
when feeding, i.e., to bring the food within easy reach, or does the
attitude when feeding on the cut flower-heads offer some protection ?
As the larvae when feeding as described above were directly beneath
the inflorescence, they were somewhat sheltered from the sun.

I have not noticed any published notes of archippns larvae in the
last instar feeding on milkweed flowers, although young larvae have
been recorded as so feeding and eggs have also been found among
the flowers. As a matter of fact. I have a number of times found
both eggs and young larvre on the buds and flowers of various species
of Asclcpias.

Early and late records for the imago : one specimen seen flying
near the Amer. Mas. Nat. Hist., on October 2, 1916; a second speci-
men was observed at the same place, flying during a light shower,
on April 2t^, 1917.

Neonympha phocion iFahricius).

[One fresh individual ca])lurcd at Richland, Atlantic Co., N. J.,
July 17, 191 7.]

Euphydryas phaeton (Drury).

[Common at Cape May Court House, N. J., July 16, 1917.]

230 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^°^- xxviii,

Polygonia progne (Cramer).

Although this species occurs in two forms, a summer and a winter
or hibernating form, only the above name has heretofore appeared in
our local lists. Form progne (Cramer) is here applied to the late
summer or autumn brood and from l-argenteum Scudder to the
early summer generation. With a view to adding the form l-argen-
teum Scudder to our local lists, the following records are offered.
All the material is in my local collection and was collected by me
unless otherwise stated.

f. aut. progne (Cramer).

April 20, '02, one specimen, Hemlock Falls, Essex Co., N. J. ;

July 24, '10, two specimens, Fort Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. ;

July 31, '04, one very old specimen, Van Cortlandt Park, New
York City, N. Y. ;

August 2, '03, one specimen, Sloatsburg, Orange Co., N. Y. ;

August 30, '08, one specimen, Andover, Sussex Co., N. J. ;

September 8, '10, one specimen. Big Island, Orange Co., N. Y.
(Dr. F. E. Lutz), Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.;

September 20, '14, one specimen. Pine Island, Orange Co., N. Y.,
Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

September 21, '10, one specimen, Woodbury Falls, Orange Co.,
N. Y. (Dr. F. E. Lutz), Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.;

October 11, '18, one fresh female. Van Cortlandt Park, New York
City, N. Y. (A. B. Klots), Coll. A. B. Klots.

f. aest. l-argenteum Scudder.

June 24, '06, one specimen. Fort Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. ;

July I, '06, five specimens, from last mentioned locality, one of
which was collected by G. C. Hall and is in his collection ;

July I and 2, '09, one specimen each date. Greenwood Lake Glens,
Passaic Co., N. J.;

July 3, '03, one specimen, Sloatsburg, Orange Co., N. Y. ;

July 4, '05 and '06, one specimen each date. Fort Montgomery,
Orange Co., N. Y.

Aglais milberti (Godart).

One specimen seen near the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, on October
26, 1916. One individual observed at Washington Heights, New

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] Watson : Miscellaneous Notes. 231

York City, on March 29, 1918. [Young larvse rather common on
Urtica gracilis at !Mashipacong Pond, Sussex Co., N. J., July 18,
1917.]

Aglais antiopa ah. hygiaea ( lUycKnriich ).

On September 21, 1907, a colony of about seventy-five larvae were
collected on a Popiilus dcltoidcs which was growing in a street near
my home in Morrisania, New York City. The larvae were on their
mats of silk and about ready to moult for the fourth time. As elm
could be more easily procured, it was provided and the larvae, after
moulting, ate it readily, .\bout fifty pupae were obtained, which I
divided equally with Mr. Harvey Mitchell of Westwood, X. J. All
of the specimens from my lot, some of which emerged as late as
November 6, were of the typical form. From Mr. Mitchell's por-
tion, tw'O hygicca and six transitional specimens emerged on October
28. Coll. F. E. W.

Mr. Mitchell's lot of pupae were not sent through the mails but
carried by him to his home in Westwood. They had been placed by
me in a tin box between layers of cotton and travelled, in this manner,
thirty-five miles by rail. All pupae were kept indoors and were not
subjected to any abnormal conditions. Was the jarring in transit
the cause which produced the aberrant specimens? I have heard this
explanation given but do not suggest it myself.

Chlorippe clyton f. proserpina (Scudder).

This form has not heretofore appeared in any of our local lists
although the typical form, clyton (Boisduval and Le Conte) is not un-
common in the vicinity of Maplewood, Essex Co., N. J- and has been
recorded in The Insects of New Jersey, Report of the New Jersey
State Museum, 1909, p. 412. The form proserpina (Scudder) is rela-
tively scarce and seems to be confined largely to the females. In a
very large bred series, in my local collection, there are only five
males and thirteen females. Transitional specimens occur. The
emergence dates average from June 15 to July 15, extremes being
June 14 and August 20.

Heodes epixanthe (Boisduval and LeConte).

[Extremely abundant in a cranberry bog near Toms River, Ocean
Co., N. J., July 15, 1917. Most of the specimens were old and worn,
but a few were freshly emerged.]

232 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,

Achalarus lycidas (Smith and Abbot).

[One individual observed at Richhill, Bucks Co., Pa., July 17,
1917.]

Polites manataaqua (Scudder).

[One specimen taken at Palermo, Cape May Co., N. J., and a sec-
ond one at West Cape May, N. J., July 16, 1917.]

Poanes massasoit (Scudder).

[One male, of the typical form, and one female, transitional to the
form suffitsa (Laurent), both in fresh condition, were captured at
Malaga, Gloucester Co., N. J., July 17, 1917.] Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist.

f. SUffusa (Laurent).

[One male and one female, both fresh, were taken at Malaga,
Gloucester Co., N. J., July 17, 1917.] Male in collection G. C. Hall;
female in collection Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

Poanes hobomok f. $ pocahontas ab. friedlei, new aberration.

This aberration diifers from typical pocahontas (Scudder) in the obsoles-
cence of the white markings, particularly on the upper side which is almost
immaculate. Primaries, above, with only three subapical spots present and
much smaller than in normal specimens. The band of white spots on the
outer third of the wing has almost completely disappeared, the spots being
barely indicated by a few diffused whitish scales. There is also a small
whitish spot in the apical angle of the cell. Secondaries, above, immaculate.
Primaries, below, with the spots repeated, and relatively strong and distinct
but greatly reduced from those present in normal individuals. A second small
spot here appears below the first near the distal end of the cell. Bluish gray
marginal border also reduced. Secondaries with the pale wide central band
barely discernable owing to the lack of the pale scaling generally present in
normal individuals. The pale spot near the base between veins 7 and 8 can
scarcely be made out. Bluish gray marginal border greatly reduced. Speci-
men somewhat undersized, expanding 36 mm.'*

Holotype female, Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, N. Y., Sept. 10,
1906, from the author's collection, now in the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Named
for my friend Mr. Wm. A. Friedle.

The above specimen is one of two which I bred from eggs de-
posited by a female hobomok (Harris) captured in Van Cortlandt Park

4 Measurements were taken from the center of thorax to each apex and
added.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NoTES. 233

during the early summer of 1906. The larv;e and pupcC were kept in
a cool damp cellar and despite the fact that in this vicinity there is
l)ut one generation a year, the two pup?e ohtained produced a male
hobomok and the aberrant female pocahontas (named above) during
September of the same season. The male, which emerged on Sep-
tember II. is slightly undersized and somewhat darker than average
specimens of hobomok (Harris). Male in author's collection.

Euphyes conspicua (Edwards).

[One male and two females, all in fresh condition, Malaga,
Gloucester Co.. N. J., July 17, 191 7.]

Megistias fusca (Grote and Robinson).

[One old specimen taken at Cape May Court House, N. J., July
17. 1917.]

Prenes panoquin (Scudder).

[One specimen collected at Palermo. Cape May Co., N. T., and
another at Cape May Court House, N. J., July 17, 191 7.]

Samia cecropia (Linne).

On September 7. 1916. at Washington Heights. New "S'ork City,
a nearly full-grown cecropia larva was noticed on a wild cherry bush
with a Tachinid fly, Winthcmia quadripnsiulafa (Fabricius)."' sitting
near by. The fly assumed a position on a leaf at right angles to the
larva, its head not quite touching it. It then bent its posterior abdominal
segments downward and forward and extended its exceedingly long
flexible ovipositor beneath its abdomen, forward and upward to the
level of the top of its head, or slightly higher and thence to the dorsal
region of the posterior segments of the larva, in this instance, and
dejwsited the t^^. A number of eggs w^ere thus laid before cap-
turing the fly. Previously to the above observation, a fly, probably
this one, had deposited eggs on the lateral regions of the anterior
segments. The larva was well covered with eggs, numerous old
ones having hatched, black spots showing on the larva at the ends of
the eggs where the Tachinid larvae had bored into the caterpillar.

Three eggs laid this date about 12 o'clock noon, were left on the

5 Determined by Dr. J. Bequaert.

234 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^^o'- xxviii,

larva, others were put into a bottle. In both groups, eggs began to
hatch on the gth about 9 A.M. The egg period is therefore about
two days.

The cecropia did not eat after the 8th and began to decrease in
size. It died on the 13th, finally turning black.

Full grown larvae were seen emerging on the 25th and kept on
emerging during the 26th and 27th. On the evening of the 28th,
four large larvae could be seen in the remains together with numer-
ous small larvae, these latter perhaps belonging to another species.
Some of the large larvae formed pupae from which the adults failed
to emerge. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

Tropaea luna (Linne).

One nearly full grown larva was found on hickory, September 23,
1916, at Pearl River, Rockland Co., N. Y. On April 9, 1917, a rather
undersized female of the normal form emerged, not spring form
rubrornarginata Davis. Mr. Davis suggests that the above is due to
the pupa having been kept in the house, i.e., under artificial condi-
tions. The cocoon was, however, kept in a wire breeding-cage and
in a very cold room. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

Macronoctua onusta Grote.

In June, 1917, we received at the Museum, several young larvae
and their workings in cultivated Iris. These were collected by Mr.
R. G. Van Name in his garden at New Haven, Conn., where they are
very destructive to his Iris. Early in September, Mr. Van Name dug
up several pupae from his Iris bed and sent them to us. One imago
emerged on September 20 and three on September 21. Coll. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist.

Phobetron pithecium (Smith and Abbot).

On the afternoon of Sepetmber 2t„ 1916, one nearly full-grown
larva was collected on white oak at Pearl River, Rockland Co., N. Y.
A twig of the oak with the larva was placed in a satchel as I had no
receptacle for larvae with me. A twig of hickory with a larva of
Tropcca luna (Linne) was then placed on top of the oak. About one
hour later I looked into the satchel to see how the larvae were getting
along and found that the pithecium had, of its own accord, left the

Sept.-Dec, 19^0.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 235

oak and was eating the liickory. It continued to feed on the hickory
until the morning of the 25th, wlien I transferred the larvae to glass
jars. The pitlicciiiDi was given the white oak, on whicli it fed until
full-grown, spinning a normal cocoon.

WINTER COLLECTING NOTES ON FLORIDA
RHOPALOCERA.

By E. L. Bell,
Flushing, N. Y.

Under this heading is given a short account of the experiences of
three amateurs during their visit to Florida during the winter, from
about the middle of January, 1920, to the latter part of March, of
the same year.

^ly father, mother, and sister, none of whom had had any previous
experience in collecting insects spent the time mentioned at Tampa,
Florida, excepting about two weeks spent at Dade City, a small place
some forty miles northeast of Tampa. Tampa is, of course, the well-
known city on the west coast of Florida about 250 miles on the rail-
road, southwest of Jacksonville, Florida. Before starting their trip
I gave them instructions in collecting and pinning the insects, and
supplied them with nets, cyanide jars, pins, cork-lined boxes, etc.,
and with some anxiety awaited the outcome, for insects collected by
those who have had no experience whatever are not apt to arrive in
the ■' pink " of condition. They collected for me approximately 400
butterflies, and I was very agreeably surprised at the generally fine
condition of the insects received.

The collecting during the latter part of January was generally
pretty fair, and during the first part of February, excepting for some
cool spells lasting from one to two or three days, the collecting was
even better, but towards the end of this month and the first part of
March a very cold period, lasting about two weeks or a little more,
put an effectual end to the collecting. After the cold period had
ended and the days became quite warm again the best collecting of
all was had. The weather was generally fine, with very little rain,

236

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,

and while often the nights and mornings were quite cool, the days
were warm. Many flowers were in bloom during the whole period of
their stay and most of the butterflies collected were taken on the
flowers, Hesperiidse especially frequenting the flowers of a species of
mint which grew along the banks of the Hillsborough River on the
outskirts of Tampa. Another favorite place in this locality was along
a road cut through the jungle of saw palmetto, a road not much used
and an ideal place for collecting, although it was more difficult, for
once the butterfly darted into the jungle it was lost. Many thistles
were in bloom and these were also very attractive to the butterflies.

The specimens were sent to me by parcel post as fast as the boxes
were filled and some times reached me only three days after their
capture. It was quite novel, indeed, to me, to have butterflies cap-
tured on the flowers out of doors, that — in case of the large Papilios
— hardly needed relaxing, while here everything was snow and ice-
bound, and outdoor collecting a long way off.

The collectors returned much improved in health from their out-
door activities and very enthusiastic over their experiences in col-
lecting.

The species collected are listed below and furnish rather interest-
ing early records for a locality as far north as Tampa, where the
temperature at times was low enough to produce quite heavy frosts,
and even ice on two occasions, during the time these records were
made. The earliest record only in each month is given, and in some
cases many of each species were collected on other days of the same
month. A total of thirty-seven species were collected.

Papilio philenor Linn.

Papilio cresphontes Cramer

Papilio glaucus Linn.
Papilio troilus texanus Ehr.
Papilio palamedes Drury.

Tampa

Tampa

Tampa
Tampa
Tampa

Papilio marcellus form floridensis Holland Tampa

Pieris monuste Linn.
Catopsilia eubule Linn.

Zerene caesonia Stoll.

Tampa
Dade City

Tampa
Tampa.

February

6

{

February

20

March

IS

March

IS

March

14

March

14

{

February

21

March

I I

February

21

January

i6

T

February

6

March

15

■f

February

6

i

March

IS

Sept.-Dec, 19^0.] BeLL : VVlNTER COLLECTING NOTES.

2s:

Eurema nicippe Cramer
Eurema euterpe Mm.

Cissia sosybius Fabr.

Dione vanillae Linn.
Phyciodes phaon Edwards
Phyciodes tharos Drury

Vanessa atalanta I. inn.
Vanessa virginiensis Drury

Junonia coenia Hubn.

Basilarchia archippus floridensis Strccker
Calephelis virginiensis Gray
Strymon melinus Hubn.
Goniurus proteus Linn.

Epargyreus tityrus Fabr.
Thorybes daunus Cramer
Cocceius pylades Scudder

Thanaos horatius Scud. & Burg.

Thanaos teientius Scud. & Burg.
Thanaos brizo somnus Lintner
Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr.

Hylephila phylseus Drury

Polites cernes Bdv. & Lee.
Polites baracoa Lucas

Polites brettus Bdv.

Atalopedes campestris Bdv.
Lerema accius .\bbott & Smith
Lerodea eufala Edwards
Lerodea maculata Edwards

Dade City

January

16

Tampa

February

21

Dade Ci

ty

January

21

Tampa

r February
] .March

10
1 1

Dade Ci

ty

January

16

Tampa

J February
\ March

22

8

Tampa

February

5

Tampa

C February
I March

23

15

Dade Ci

ty

January

19

Tampa

r February
\ ^L■lrch

9

'5

Dade Ci

ty

January

19

Tampa

March

•5

Tampa

r February
I March

21

15

Tampa

March

19

Tampa

March

15

Tampa

March

19

Dade Ci

ity

January

19

Tampa

February

20

Tampa

March

19

Tampa

March

8

Tampa

March

10

Tampa

r February
\ March

10
1 1

Tampa

March

s

Tampa

March

8

Tampa

March

15

Tampa

r February
[ March

6
10

Tampa

r February
\ March

20
10

Dade C

ity

January

19

Tampa

March

14

Tampa

f February
\ March

8

lO

Tampa

.' February
i_ March

9
10

Tampa

March

19

Tampa

r Fel)ruary
1 March

8

iS

Tampa

February

■25

238 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,

GENERAL NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE
CANAL ZONE, ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.

Thomas Hallinan,
Paterson, N. J.

The Heliconidae seem to be more numerous in species and indi-
viduals than any other family of Rhopholocera on the Isthmus and
their presence in the dense jungles and forest groves adds a charm
of color to the prevailing green. They are seldom seen in the open
except on flowering shrubs along the trails. From about the summer
solstice to middle December in the rainy season they are very numer-
ous on the wing but adults are found throughout the year.

The tailless Papilios are found in about the same dense jungle as
the Heliconidae, favoring more, perhaps, the water courses. Their
bright spots of sharp colors are very conspicuous when they fly about
in the drizzling rains. They are seldom seen on the wing in the dry
season.

The Caligos are not commonly seen as they choose the thickets
of vine-tangled shrubbery for their short, lumbering flights, but they
are found on the wing throughout the year.

The conspicuous Morphos are very local and are seldom seen ex-
cept during November and early December. In certain localities on
the wide trails as many as ten to twenty of the Morpho cypris can be
seen from dawn to about mid-forenoon, flying- high and wild. The
other Morphos fly lower and more steady and are easily attracted by
bits of sugar cane.

The Erycinidae are seen at all times of the year and are generally
found along the open trails, resting on the flowers or leaves of
shrubs in the sunlight. They seldom fly in the thick jungle.

In the cut-over areas and open sabannas are found many of the
Hesperidse and Pieridse, the latter seem to favor congregating around
damp patches of ground as they do in other parts of the world. The
more common species found in the open fields are the Anarta fatima,
Anarta jatrophcea and a species or two of Junonia.

In the groves around Ancon Hill, Ageronia feronia is very notice-
able when flying about making a snapping noise, which can be heard
several yards.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] ggOK REVIEWS. 239

On the liill tops on the hot fair clays from about ten o'clock in the
morning until about one hour after noon, the flowering shrubs are
surrounded by hundreds of butterflies and day-flying moths of numer-
ous species. Many species are usually found at rest only on these hill
tops and this is especially true of the tailed Papilios with the excep-
tion of a species similar to the Papilio marccllus which is occasionally
seen resting on damp patches of ground in the low lands.

This predilection for the hill tops by certain species among the
Lepidoptera is a strange manifestation of their habits of migration.

Perhaps the most striking and spectacular feature in the habits of
the Lepidoptera on the Isthmus of Panama, in fact among all insect
life in this region, is the occasional marvelous migration of Uranus
fulgcns. During June and July in 1907 this diurnal, asymmetric moth
migrated across the Isthmus in a general easterly direction in vast
numbers. Group counting indicated that the daily number which
passed amounted to hundreds of thousands. They flew no higher
than ten feet except at obstructions and the maximum occurred from
dawn until about eight o'clock in the morning and from four o'clock
in the afternoon until dusk, with a few thousand stragglers during
the other daylight hours. They flew along special courses in a rapid,
long zig-zag manner and the migration was not interrupted by the
rains. Of the millions that passed I only observed one at rest and
that was on a leaf. In 1908 and 1909 the migration was limited to a
few thousand individuals beginning in late May and extending
through June and into July with the same characteristics as the 1907
flight. In 1915 there was another enormous migration but not equal
to the number in 1907, but having the same characteristics as to the
routes, time, manner of flight and the absence of resting individuals.
During these migrations Uranxis fulgcns was observed simultaneously
at all points on the Canal Zone and there were about an equal number
of males and females.

BOOK REVIEWS.

Orthoptera of Northeastern America with Especial Reference
TO the Faunas of Indiana and Florida. By W. S. Blatchlev.
The Nature Publishing Company. Indianapolis, 1920. y^j^ pp., 7
plates, 246 text figures, bibliography, glossary, index to synonyms

240 Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^"o'- xxviii,

and new generic assignments recognized in the work, also general
index.

Professor Blatchley, to whose industry entomologists are already indebted,
has produced another book that will gain for him the thanks of many stu-
dents of Nature. This time it is about grasshoppers, katydids and their kin.
Following the introductory chapter on classification, structure, collecting, pres-
ervation of specimens, etc., there follows the " Descriptive Catalogue of the
Orthoptera of the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada." Under this
caption, which very closely gives the scope of the book, are included the ear-
wigs or Dermaptera, which are often treated separately. The work is an
expansion of the author's Orthoptera of Indiana, issued in 1903. In the
present volume 353 species and 58 varieties are recognized, of which the
author, pn page 4, states that he has personally examined all but five. There
are keys for the separation of suborders, families, subfamili'es, genera and
species; each species is also more fully described under a separate heading,
with notes on distribution, song (if it has one), habits, etc. There are also
many helpful illustrations. The writers who have made observations which
the author has used in preparing these accounts are given full credit, and if
Mr. Blatchley does not agree with their opinions, both sides are stated, so
that the student will be aware that doubt exists.

It is not to be wondered at that Mr. Blatchley does not agree with some
other students as to the limits of certain species, or the names by which they
should be known. At the present time we do not know exactly how many
species of oaks inhabit eastern North America, nor are botanists agreed as
to the names in use ; grasshoppers have been studied much less, and are far
more elusive. The writer, for instance, from his experience afield and from
the specimens collected on Long Island and Staten Island, thinks that Sphara-
gemon wyomingianum Thomas and Spharagemon scudderi Morse should be
considered as distinct, while Mr. Blatchley thinks that scudderi is a " syno-
nym of ivyomingiannm," but as usual he devotes much space to the dissenting
opinions. Gradually these matters will be more fully adjusted, and meanwhile
the entomologist will be thankful that he has at hand so useful and accurate
a book containing information often in great detail concerning the Orthoptera
of eastern North America.

Wm. T. Davis.

Manual of the Orthoptera of New England, including the
Locusts, Grasshoppers, Crickets, and their Allies. By Albert
P. Morse. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.
Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 197-556, plates 10-29. April, 1920.

This excellent work, which shows great care in its preparation and knowl-
edge of the subjects treated, has been promised to students of Nature for
several ye'ars, and will now be received with much appreciation. The intro-

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] PROCEEDINGS. 241

duction covers every phase of the subject, such as history of New England
Orlhopterology, collections of New England Orthoptera, classification, anat-
omy, habits, geographical distribution, methods of collecting and preserving,
etc. The sequence of the families is changed from that of Mr. Scudder's
catalogue of 1900, and more nearly conforms to that of Westwood and Kirby,
except that the long-horned grasshoppers or Tettigoniidre precede the crickets.
A further change has been made in placing the burrowing crickets and pygmy
locusts last in their respective families.

The total number of Orthoptera and Dermaptera recorded from New
England is 132, of which probably 104 are native and 28 introduced. Un-
doubtedly several other species known to occur in the State of New York
will in time be found in New England.

In the account of the broad-winged katydid, Pterophylla camellifolia,
there is a quotation from Dr. Harris stating that the eggs of that species are
laid in two contiguous rows along the surface of a twig, the bark of which
is previously shaved off or made rough with her piercer. Dr. Harris in his
" Insects Injurious to V^egetation " states that he is " indebted to Miss Morris
for specimens of these eggs." Evidently Miss Morris sent the Doctor the
eggs of Microcentrum and not of Pterophylla, for wc have se\ cral times seen
the broad-winged katydid laying its eggs in slits in pine bark and in that of
the common locust. Others have had similar experience. Dr. Packard. Wm.
Saunders and Prof. Kellogg all make the same or nearly the same statement
regarding the eggs of the broad-winged katydid, and all no doubt copied from
Dr. Harris.

On the six colored plates some of the more strikingly marked species are
shown, also the several kinds of tree-crickets, while most of the other plates
are devoted to finely executed outline figures of structural characters. There
is an accented list of scientific names, also a glossary.

Wm. T. D.wis.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of M.\Rcn 16.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomolof,ncal Society was held at
8 P. M. on March 16, 1920. in the American Museum of Natural History,
Vice-President John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with nineteen (19) members
and five visitors present.

The Treasurer read a letter from Farmer's Loan & Trust Co., acknowl-
edging addition of $100 to the Permanent Fund.

Mr. E- A. Smith, 2 Arden St., New York City, was elected an active
member.

Several items in current numbers of " Science " were read. Mr. John

242 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,

J. Davis, present as a visitor, spoke of the manifesto adopted at St. Louis on
December 30, 1919, by the Entomological Society of America, and on January
2, 1920, by the American Association of Economic Entomologists, and it was
discussed by Dr. Lutz, Messrs. Davis, Lutz and Sherman.

Mr. Comstock, under the title " Notes on African Lycaenidae," spoke of
the development and distribution of this family of butterflies in the Ethiopian
region, illustrating his remarks by specimens of about one sixth of the known
species, and by the works of Aurivillius (Rhopalocera sethiopica < K. Sv. Vet.
Ak. Hand. 1 898-1 899) and Bethune Baker (Rev. African Lycsenesthes < Trans.
Ent. Soc. London, 191 0). A large part of the specimens shown were collected
by Miss McKenzie, a missionary in the Kameruns. Mr. Comstock, after ex-
hibiting maps of Africa, arranged to show its physical characteristics and
faunal sub-regions, pointed out that the development of the Lycsenidse was
remarkable, constituting one third of all the butterflies ; and the distribution
of one of the subfamilies Lipteninse almost confined to the Ethiopian region,
West Africa being especially their home ; while the Lycseninse were found in
all the sub-regions of Africa. The work of all authors since Linnaeus was
reviewed, Hewitson, Trimen and Bethune-Baker having described the largest
number of species.

The following tables of distribution were given :

LlPTENIN^.

Genera.

West Africa 18

South Africa 6

East Africa 4

Mascarene none

Lycenin^.

Genera.

West Africa 19

South Africa 19

East Africa 15

Mascarene 8

Species.

166

13

19

none

Species.

212

146

134

32

Dr. Avenoff, present as a visitor, spoke of the isolation of the African
Lycaenidae and of the uncertain boundary between the Palaearctic and Ethio-
pian regions. He exhibited maps showing a transition region appeared to
intervene between them, which might be traced through Arabia even to British
India.

Dr. Bequaert said that Dr. Avenoft's idea of a strict limit for the bulk
of the species and an extra limit for straying insects was interesting. He
gave the botanical idea of the distribution of acacia as establishing the north-
ern limit of the Ethiopian region, and pointed out that it was supported by
the distribution of honey birds and snails.

Sept.-Dec, 1920.] PROCEEDINGS. 243

The occurrence of certain plants and insects in the highlands of the east
coast was due to elevation.

Mr. Wm. T. Davis exhibited a number of specimens of the cicada Okana-
godes gracilis recently described in the Journal of the New York Ento-
mological Society from Utah and Arizona. Recently he had received two
additional males from Bagdad, San Bernardino Co., California, August 6,
1919 (Rchn and Hebard). Mr. Morgan Hebard, who collected the speci-
mens, reported that they were found on low plants, mid an arid environment.
He was attracted by the song, which he first thought was produced by an
Orthopterous insect. The cicadas ceased singing when he was still some dis-
tance from them, which made their final detection rather difficult.

Meeting of April 6.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8 P. M. on April 6, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi-
dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen (17) members present.

Dr. Frank H. Chittenden, Washington, D. C, was elected an active
member.

Dr. \\'a!ther Horn's request for exchange was referred to the Librarian.

Mr. Davis read letters from E. B. Williamson in Venezuela, Dr. W. T.
M. Forbes in Panama and R. P. Dow in California.

Dr. Bequaert made some " Remarks on Dolichopodidae," in which he
pointed out first the characters of these small flies in venation, second basal
cell always united with discal cell, and the bend or kink in fourth vein ; also
their frequently being greenish metallic in color; and secondly the remarkable
variety in their male characters, as illustrated in Herman Loew's monograph
of 1864 (S. M. C, No. 171). He showed his own collection and that of Mr.
Burns, also a small European collection, pointing out the absence of striking
faunal differences, and the opportunity for further study, Mr. Burns' collec-
tion containing seven species new to the New Jersey List and one species new
to science. Passing to the habits, he said the adults were not found on flowers
or at light but by sweeping low meadows, on rocks in wet places, on moss
about springs and sometimes on the bark of trees. Of the larvae there was
much to learn ; Marchand had bred Argyra from larva: found in mud among
Tabanids ; all the larvae were carnivorous and cannibals, adding to the difficulty
of breeding them ; some are known to attack Scolytid larvae, A paper on
Diptera Danica IV by Lundbeck in 1912 contains useful data.

Dr. Sturtcvant added some details indicating that the prey of the adults
is not always enclosed by the proboscis.

Mr. Schaeffer, under the title " Donaciae of New York State." gave a
remarkable exhibition of minute information on this puzzling group. He
pointed out that in two especially plastic species, cincticoruis and subtilis,
the characters he had found constant in a very large material indicated more
species than were recognized in the last published synopsis. Some of these

244 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,

had been described by early authors and erroneously sunk in synonymy, such
as episcopalis Lacordaire and californica and dives LeConte ; others would
be described by him in a forthcoming revision of the genus.

The New Jersey List, according to his studies, would require revision by
changing proxima to episcopalis Lee, distincta to torosa Lee, striking out
hypoletica and femoralis and kirbyi as synonyms and adding six species de-
scribed by Blatchley and himself.

In discussing the species of New York State, 24 in number, Mr. Schaetfer
was unable to finish on account of the late hour, but pointed out the possi-
bility of specimens heretofore called hypolenca being dimorphic forms of
palmata and the curious fact that the European subgenus Plateumaris is
apparently more separable there than here, while our species harrisi appar-
ently belongs to a subgenus not represented in Europe, characterized by third
antennal joint longer than fourth.

In general Mr. Schaeffer favored a recognition of more species and ele-
vating varieties like proxima to specific rank.

Meeting of April 20.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held in
the American Museum of Natural History at 8 P. M. on April 20, 1920, Vice-
President John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with 1 1 members present.

The Outing Committee announced an excursion to Greenwood Lake on
Sunday, May 2d, in conjunction with the Brooklyn Entomological Society.

Mr. Davis read letters from John J. de Vyver and H. H. Ruckes.

Mr. Davis spoke on the Cicadas of the genus Platypedia and its allies,
placing the older names with certainty and discussing the value of the vena-
tion and cells in generic classification. His remarks, which were copiously
illustrated by series of specimens, will be printed in full.

Mr. Schaeffer continued his discussion of the Donaciee of New York
State, giving the following list of the species he had recognized, with the
diagnostic characters of each as printed in our December Journal:

1. D. hirticollis Kirby.

2. D. cincticornis Newm.

3. D. proxima Kirby.

4. D. proxima episcopalis Lee.

5. D. piscatrix Lee.

6. D. palmata Oliv.

7. D. rufescens Lee.

8. D. edentata Schffr.

9. D. parvidens Schffr.

10. D. curticollis Knab.

1 1. D. rugosa Lee.

12. D. siibtilis Kunze.

13. D. liebecki Schffr.

Sept-Dec, 1920.] PROCEEDINGS. 245

14. D. megacoruis Blatch.

15. D. crqualis Sny.

16. D. torosa Lee.

17. D. tuberculata Lcc.

18. D. harrisi Lee.

19. D. serricauda Sehffr.

20. D. pusilla dives Lee.

21. D. emarginata Kirby.

22. D. metallica Ahr.

23. D. flavipes Kirby.

24. D. r»/a Say.

He also discussed the relation of our species to those of the Pala;aretic region.

Mr. Mutchler spoke of the single species occurring in Cuba and Dr.
Bequaert of the African species.

Mr. Leng exhibited for Mr. Davis Cicindela pilatei, taken at Dayton,
Texas, June 22, 1917, by Dr. Bequaert; also a copy of Cowan's " Curious Facts
in the History of Insects."

Mr. Davis spoke of R. Hebcr Howe, Jr., " Manual of the Odonata of
Xew England," being a Memoir of the Thoreau Museum of Natural History,
Concord, Mass., March, 1917, to March, 1920, in which 156 species are named
as compared with 124 known to occur around New York.

Mr. Davis also showed a photograph of Mr. Shoemaker's painting of
Lepidoptera with a short account of the years spent in producing it. The
painting will be exhibited in the American Museum of Natural History.

Mr. Burns exhibited Insects from the Palisades and Dr. Bequaert com-
mented on certain interesting features thereof, especially the date of mating
for a species of Lasius, niger americanus of which Mr. Davis had taken a
queen on Staten Island April 19.

Meeting of M.ay 4.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8 P. M. on May 4, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi-
dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with 17 members present.

Mr. Nieolay reported for the Outing Committee.

Mr. Leng invited the members to join the Staten Island Bird Club walk
May 8th.

Mr. Sherman invited the members to his house, 132 Primrose .\ve., Mt.
Vernon, on May 15.

Mr. Olsen, under the title '" .Another European Ltafhopper in North
America," read a paper illustrated by drawings and specimens, disclosing the
European origin of Eutettix osbornii Ball. This paper will be printed else-
where. It was discussed by Dr. Bequaert and Messrs. Barber and Dickinson.

Mr. Notman exhibited " Coleoptera collected at Windsor, N. Y., with
remarks on Distribution," in which he reviewed the geological history of this

246 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviil,

continent and the life zones of this State, as indicated by vegetation ; giving
some interesting comparisons from his own collections at widely separated
points for genera like Brachinus and Bcmbidiuin. The locality at Windsor,
N. Y., had proved especially interesting from the mixture of northern and
southern forms and the number of new species, 12 out of 423, requiring
description.

Mr. Notman's remarks were discussed by Messrs. Angell, Woodruff and
Davis.

Mr. Angell recorded finding a Cicindela sexguttata at Rattlesnake Creek,
the Bronx, New York City, April 25 ; remarkable for its small size and unusual
color.

Mr. Woodruff reported his visit to Washington and conveyed the good
wishes of Messrs, Schwarz, Caudell, Aldrich and Barber to our members.

A Correction. — Page 20, Agrilus obsciiro-guttatus Gory should
read Agrilus obsolefoguttatiis Gory. H. Notman.

Index to Names of Insects and
Plants in Volume XXVII.

Generic names begin with a capital letter. New genera, subgenera, species,
subspecies, varieties and noniiua nova are printed in italics.

Abies

concolor, 156

grandis, 156
Acalles

granosus, 174

minimus, 174

sableitsis, 174
Acanthoscelis

acephalus, 58

curtus, 58, 70, 178

mendicus, 178

4-spinosus. 60
Acentropus. 215
Achalarus

lycidas, 232
Acmaeops

thoracica, 183
Acropteroxys

gracilis, 181
Actia

pilipennis, 44
Actobius

fulricoruis. 17, 27

pasdcroides. 17

sobrinus, 17

temiinalis, 17

semipunctatus, 28
Acylophorus

pronus, 180
Adalia

bipunctata, 68, 181
Adelocera

obtecta, 182
yEletes

politus, 181
Agabus

semivittatus, 16
Agallia

sanguinolenta, 65
Agapostemon

virescens, 72

Agathengis

lineola, 18, 29, 181
Agathidium

exiguum, 180
Ageronia

feronia, 238
Aglais

antiopa

ab. hygise, 231

milberti, 230
Agonoderus, 87

comma, 15, 179

pallipcs, 179
Agraphus

bellicus, 163 '

Agrilis

putillus, 14s
Agrilus, 136

acutipennis, 182

arcuatus, 20

egenus, 20

lacustris, 20

masculinus, 20

obsoleto-guttatus, 20, 182, 246

otiosus, 20

politus, 20, 182

vittaticollis, 182
Agriotcs

mancus, 182

pubescens, 182
Aleochara

bimaculata, 181
Aloconota

cambrica. 181
Amara. 82, 83. 86, 89

aeneopolita, 179

angustata, 15. 179

eda.r. i-g, 186

impuncticollis, 15

laurana. 186

obesa, 15, 84

247

248 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,

pallipes, 179
subaenea, 88
Amartus, 30
Amblycorypha

oblongifolia, 79
Amphiagrion

saucium, 26
Anania

funeralis, 41
Anaphoidea

sordidata, 58
Anarta

fatima, 238
jatrophsea, 238
Anaspis

nigra, 2^
rufa, 22,, 184
Anchonus

duryi, 176
Ancyloxypha

numitor, 25, 2-iy
Aneurus

inconstans, 25
Anisodactylus

discoideus, 16, 179
harrisii, 179
interstitialis, 16
nigerrimus, 179
piceus, 89
rusticus, IS
Anisotoma

punctatostriata, 180
Anomala

lucicola, 69
Anonioea

laticlavia, 22, 183
Anomoglossus, 81
Anthaxia

quercata, 20, 182
viridicornis, 20
Anthicus

festinans, 184
obscurus, 2^^
Anthonaeus, 30
Anthonomus

consimilis, 184
costulatus, 167
elegans, 167
grandis, 168
hamamelidis, 93
likensis, 93
molochinus, 93
musculus, 184
robinsoni, 93
robustulus, 184
rufipennis, 93, 184

scutellaris, 167
sycophanta, 184
unicus, 168
uniformis, 168
varipes, i68
Anthrenus

castanese, 18
museorum, 18
scrophulariae, 18
Apantesis

arge, 42
Apenes, 89
Aphanisticus

pusillus, 138
Aphis

gossypii, 60
cenotherae, 66
Aphodius

fimetarius, 183
fossor, 183
granarius, 21
ruricola, 21
Apion

atripes, 24
griseum, 24
impeditum, 184
importunum, 162
pennsylvanicum, 184
porcatum, 24
tenuiforme, 162
turbulentum, 24
walshii, 162
Apristus

cordicollis, 179
Archotermopsis, 76
Ardistomis, 83
Argia

putrida, 2(i
Argyra, 243
Argyria, 217, 222

argentana, 222, 223
auratella, 222, 22^
f. auratella, 223
f, pulchella, 222, 223
critica, 222, 223
jonesella, 222
lacteella, 22^
nivalis, 222, 223
rileyella, 222, 223
Arthromacra

senea, zt,, 183
robinsoni, 90
Artipus

floridanus, 163
Asaphes

decoloratus, 20

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

249

Asclepias

tuberosa, 229
Aspidoglossa, 89
Astcnus

discopunctatus, 180
Ataenius

strigatus, 183
Atalopedes

campestris, 237
Atheta

dentata, 16, 181

nigritula, 181

palustris, 16, 181
Atlanticus

davisi, 90
Atomaria

ephippiata. 18, 181

oblongula, 18, 181

ochracea, iSi

var. pennsylvanica, 18, 181

ovalis. 18

pusilla, 18, 181
Attagenus

deficiens, 181
Attains

pallifrons, 21
Attelabus

rhois, 184
Auleutes

asper, 184

ater, 70

nebulosus, 171

Babia

quadriguttata, 22
Badister

notatus, 15

pulchellus, 84, 86
Bagous

mamniillatus, 184

obliqiuis, 166

f ictus. 166
Balaninus

humeralis, 167

orthorhynchus, 167

parvidens, 167

rectus, 167

victoriensis, 167
Baptolinus

americanus, 17
Barilepton, 171

robusta, 170
Baris, 169

australis, 169

Hyperion, 168

splendens, 163

Basilarchia

archippus

f. floridcnsis. 2^7
Bassus

gibbosus, 49
Batis

maritima, 169, 173
Batrisodes

spretus, 180
Bembidium, 81, 87, 89, 92, 246

basicorne, 179, 185

chalccum, 14

coniplanulum, 179, 184, 185

dccipiens, 179

fugax, 179

grandiceps, 179, 184

honcstum, 179

impiuni, 186

inaeqiiale, 14, 179

iridescens, 185

nigrum, 14, 179

oberthiiri, 14, 179

patrucle, 14, 179

picipes. 14, 179

planiusculum, 14, 179, 184, i

planum, 14, 179, 184

posticum, 14, 179

postremum, 14, 179

punctatostriatum, 179

quadrimaculatum, 14, 179

rusticum. 185

semistriatum, 179

simplex, 179, 184

variegatum, 179

versicolor, 14, 179
Bidessus

affinis, 179
Bledius

deceptivus, 189

emarginatus, 17, 180

fracticornis, 180, 189

honcstus, 17

stabilis, 17
Blethisa, 84
Boletobius

cincticollis, 181

quaesitor, 181
Bombus

impatiens, 72
Botys

bicolor, 41
Brachyacantha

lo-pustulata, 18

ursina, 18, 68
Brachylobus, 81

lithophilus, 15

250

Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxvin.

Brachynus, 8i, 85, 89, 246

ballistarius, 15, 179

cordicollis, 15

cyanipennis, 15

fumans, 15, 179

gracilis, 15

janthinipennis, 15

minutus, 15
Brachypterus, 30

urticse, 18
Brachys, 136, 137, 140

serosa, 20, 182

aeruginosa, 182

aiboguttata, 146

ovata, 140, 182
Brachytarsus

tomentosus, 184
Bradycellus

debilipes, 179

rupestris, 15

tantillus, 179
Bryoporus

rufescens, 181
Bumelia

angustifolia, 162, 172, 174

Calandra

oryzae, 177

var. zea-mais, 177
Calathus, 89

gregarius, 15
Calephelis

virginiensis, 237
Caligo, 239
Callida

viridipennis, 85
Calligrapha

bigsbyana, 22, 183

elegans, 183

philadelphica, 22

similis, 183
Callinioxys

sanguinicollis, 22
Calopteron

reticulatuin, 20
Calosoma, 81, 86, 88

calidum, 84, 179
Canifa

pallipes, 23, 184
Carabus, 81

limbatus, 82, 179

vinctus, 82
Carduus

spinosissimus, 163
Cartodere

argus, 18

Casnonia, 85

ludoviciana, 81

pennsylvanica, 82
Cassia

marylandica, 228
Catapastus

albonotatus, 170
Catopsilia

eubule, 236
Caulophilus

latinasus, 176
Celerio

lineata, 41
Celia, 82
Centrinus

canus, 169
Cephalanthus

occidentalis, 147
Cephaloon

lepturides, 23, 184
Cerambycobius

cyaniceps, 58
Cercus, 30
Cercyon

basillaris, 180, 187

incrematiis, 180, 186

ocellatum, 16

quisquilius, 187

unipunctum, 16, 180
Cerotoma

trifurcata, 22
Ceruchus

piceus, 182
Cerylon

castaneum, 18, i8i
Ceutorhynchus

cyanipennis, 184

floridanus, 171

puberulus, 24

punctiger, 24, 184

semirufus, 184

transversus, 171
Chaetocnema

confinis, 23

denticulata, 70
Chalcodermus

collaris, 70

insequalis, 163

insequicollis, 173
Chalcoela, 215
Chalepus

dorsalis, 23

nervosa, 183

rubra, 23, 183
Chauliognathus

marginatus, 68

Index ro Names of Insects anu Plants.

251

Chelonus

lavernae, 47
Chenopodium, 42
Chilo, 217, 223

comptulalis, 223

forbcscllus. 223

phragmitellus, 225

plejadellus, 225
Chlsenius, 82, 86

laticollis, 84

prasinus. 84

ruficauda, 84

sericeus, 15

tricolor, 15
Chlamys

plicata, 183
Chlorippe

celtis, 90

clyton,

f. proserpina, 231
Chrysobothris

femorata, 182

soror, 182

sylvania, 151, 154

trinervia, 151
Chrysodina

globosa, 183
Cicada. 105

areolata, 95, 109, no, 112, 113

haniatoda, 126

pallescens, 126. 127

parvula. 126

putnami, 95
Cicindela

sexguttata, 14, 178, 246

pilatei, 245

purpurea, 178

var. graminea, 178

repanda, 178

rufiventris, 90

unipunctata, 90
Cis

punctatus, 21
Cissia

eurytus, 25

sosybius. 237
Clerus

thoracicus. 21
Clidophlcps, 96
Clivina. 81, 89

impressifrons, 179
Cocceius

pylades, 237
Coccinella

9-notata, 17, 68

trifasciata. 17, 68

Coccolobis

uvifera, 172, 174

Coelambus

dissimilis, 16

Coeliodes, 60

flavicauda, 24

Coelogaster

zinimernianni, 70

Colaspis

brunnea, 69

Colon

aspcratuni, 180

Colpodota

parva, 181

Conocarpus

erecta, 167, 172, 175

Conosoma

crassuni, 17
opicum, 181

Conotrachelus

anaglypticus, 172
belfragei, 172
biscayensis, 172
brevisetis, 74
coronatus, 173
floridanus, 172
geiiiinatus, 172
maritimus, 172, 176
obesus, 172
seniculus, 172
serpentinus, 172

Coprothrassa
sordida, 181

Coptocycla

bicolor, 70, 183
signifera, 183

Corphyra

lugubris, 23. 184

Corticaria

elongata, 19
serrata, 181

Corymbites, 20, 31

Corythuca

arcuata, 25

Coscinoptera

dominicana, 22

Crambus, 224, 225. 226
albellus, 219, 220
alboclavellus, 219
biguttcllus. 219
caliginosellus, 219
carpcnterellus, 219
coloradellus, 220
dimidiatellus, 221
clegans, 220
hastifcrellus, 219

252 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviir.

hortuellus, 219
immunellus, 220

n. r. minor, 220
interniedius, 221
laciniellus, 219
leachellus, 219
luteolellus, 219
nevadellus, 221
polingi, 220
pusionellus, 220
quinquareatus, 219
teterrellus, 220
trisectus, 219
zeellus, 219
Craponius

inaequalis, 171
Cratacanthus, 89
Cremastochilus

canaliculatus, 21, 183
Cremastogaster
lineolata, 71
Creniastus

epagoges, 44
Creniphilus

digestus, 180
Creophilus

maxillosus

var. villosus, 180
Crepidodera

helxines, 23, 183
rufipes, 22, 183
Cryptarcha

ampla, 181
Cryptobium

bicolor, 17
Cryptocephalus

quadruplex, 183
Cryptopleurum

minutum, 180
Cryptorhynchus
apiculatus, 175
helvus, 175
lapathi, 24, 175, 184
schwarzi, 175
Culladia, 225
Cupes, 197, 202, 206, 207
capitatus, 202, 204, 207
cinera, 205

concolor, 199, 201, 205, 206, 207
latreillei, 205
lobiceps, 203, 204, 207
oculatus, 197, 203, 205, 206
serrata, 203, 206
trilineata, 205
Cychramus

adustus, 181

Cychrus, 84, 86

bicarinatus, 81

elevatus, 81

heros, 81

lecontei, 82
Cycloneda

sanguinea, 68
Cyllodes

biplagiatus, 181
Cymbiodyta

blanchardi, 180

fimbriata, 180

lacustris, 16
Cymindis, 8j, 89
Cyphon

obscurus, 19, 182

variabilis, 19
Cyrtolobus

vau, 26
Cyrtonotus, 86
Cyrtophorus

verrucosus, 22, 183
Cytilus

sericeus, 182

Danaus

archippus, 228
Daya

ingratula, 181
Decarthron

exiguum, 180, 187

formaceti, j8S
Demosoma, 193
Dermestes

lardarius, 181
Desmia

funeralis, 39, 41

maculatis, 41
Diabrotica

vittata, 22, 183

i2-punctata, 69
Dialytes

striatulus, 183
Diatrsea, 216, 221, 222, 22i,

alleni, 223

differentialis, 223

evanescens, 224

saccharalis, 224, 225
Dibolia

borealis, 23
Dicselus, 82

dilatatus, 15

elongatus, 15

teter, 15
Dicerca

lurida, 20

Index to Names of Insects anu Plants.

258

prolongata, 182
Dichelonycha

diluta, 21, 183

tlongata, 183

tcstacea, 183
Dicranomyia

amaconica, 2

chlorotica, 4

sanct?e-cruzje, 3. 4
Dictamnus

albus, 228
Dicynioloinia, 215
Dincutes

discolor, 16, 179
Dione

vanillae, 237
Diplochila. 82, 84
Diplotaxjs

atlantis, 183
Discoderus, 86
Disonycha

xanthonielsna, 22
Dolopius

lateralis, 182 .
Donacia

aequalis, 245

californica, 244

cinclicornis. 243, 244

curticollis, 244

distincta, 244

dives, 244, 245

edentata, 244

emarginata, 183, 245

episcopalis (Lac), 244

episcopalis (Lee), 244

femoralis, 244

flavipes, 245

harrisi, 244, 245

hirticollis, 244

hypoleuca. 244

kirbyi. 244

Hebecki, 244

megacornis, 245

metallica, 245

palmata, 244

parvidens, 244

piscatrix, 244

proxima, 244

pusilla. 24s

rufa. 245

rufescens, 244

rugosa, 244

scrricauda, 245

subtilis, 243, 244

torosa, 244, 245

tuberculata, 245

Dorcus

parallelus, 21
Dromogomphus

spinosus, 26
Drosophila

busckii, 92

funebris, 92

melanogaster, 92

repleta, 92
Dryocoetes

americanus, 184
Dryophthorus

americanus, 24
Dryops

lithophilus, 19
Dryotribus

mimeticus, 176
Dyschirius

aitreolus, 14, 26

edentulus, 27

globulosus, 179

sphffiricollis, 14, 27

tridentatus, 85

Ectopria

nervosa, 19
Ega, 85
Eisonyx, 169, 170

picipes, 170
Elaphrus

cicatricosus, 179

ruscarius, 14, 179
Elater

areolatus, 19, 182

nigricans, 182

nigricoIHs, 182

rubricus, 182

socer, 19

vitiosus, 182
Ellychnia

corrusca. 182
Elmis

latiusculiis, 19
Encyclops

caeruieiis, 22
Eoreuma, 217

densollus, 223
Epargyreus

tityrus, 25, 237
Epicserus

forniidolosus, 163
Epilobium. 42, 53

vitis, 42
Epitrix

cucumcris. 23. 69, i8j

254 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

Epiurus

pterophori, 47
Epursea

labilis, 181
peltoides, 181
Erioptera

micro my ia, 8
Eristalis

tenax, 72
Ernobius

mollis, 182
Erodiscus

tinamus, 161, 166
Euffisthetus

americanus, 180
Euconnus

fatuus, 16
Eudamus

cellus, 90
Euderces

picipes, 22
Eufernaldia, 216, 218
Eugrotea, 217
dentella, 217
huachucella, 217
olivella, 217
Eumononycha, 170
Euphoria

fulgida, 183
Euphydryas

phaeton, 229
Euphyes

conspicua, 233
Eupithecia

interruptofasciata, 71
Euproctus, 82
Eupsalis, 201
Eurema

euterpe, 237
nicippe, 237
Eurymus

philodice, 228
Eurymycter, 177

fasciatus, 184
Eurytoma, 47

tylodermatis, 58
Euschistus

variolarius, 67, 194
Eutettix

osbornii, 245
Euthisanotia
grata, 42
unio, 42
Euxenus

piceus, 162
Exema

dispar, 183

Exochus

semirufus, 24
Falagria

dissecta, 181
Formica
fusca

var. subsericea, 71
pallida- fulva

var. fuscata, 71

Galerita. 81,88

decipiens, 86

janus, 179
Galerucella

americana, 183

cavicollis, 22, 183

decora, 22, 183

nymphese, 69

sexvittata, 183

tuberculata, 183
Gamasomorpha, 160

floridana, 157
Gastroidea

polygoni, 22, 183
Gastrolobium

bicolor, 180
Gaurotes

cyanipennis, 22
Geodromicus

brunneus, 180

nigritus, 17
Georyssus

pusillus, 19
Geotrupes

splendidus, 183
Geranomyia

argentinensis, i, 2

canadensis, 2

guatemalensis, 2
Glyphonyx

recticollis, 19
Gnypeta

baltifera, iSi
Gomphus

quadricolor, 26
Gonioctena

pallida, 183
Goniurus

proteus, 237
Gonomyella, 7
Gonomyia

paraensis, 7
Gononotus

anguHcolHs, 176
Graphops

marcassitus, 69, 183
pubescens, 69

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

255

Gymnetron

teter, 70
Gyrinus

dichrous, 179

limbatus, 179
Gyrohypnus

fusciceps, 180

melanops, 180
Gyrophiena

flavicornis. 181

Hadrobregnuis

carinatus, 21
Haimbachia, 216, 221
damon, 221
parallela, 221
placidella, 221
prosenes, 221
squanuilella, 221
venosalis, 221
Halictus

cressonii, 71
illinoisensis, 72
ligatus, 72
pilosus, 72
sparsus, 72
Haltica

exapta. 69
foliacea, 63
fuscoaenea, 63, 70, 183
ignita. 22, 69, 70, 183
marevagans, 61, 62, 64
polita, 65
Harpalus, 86

compar, 179
herbivagus, 15
pennsylvanicus, 15
pleuriticus, 179
viduus, I 79
viridia;neus, 179
vulpeculus, 179
Helluomorpha. 81

bicolor, 86
Helophorus

inciiiinatus. 16
lineatus, 16
Heodes

epixanthe, 231
Hesperobium

cribratum, 180
Heteroccrus
tristis, 19
ventralis, 182
Heterostomus. 30

mordelloidcs. 18, 29. 30
pulicarius, 30

Hicoria, 137
Hippodamia

convcrgens, 68
glacialis, 68
Hister

abbreviatus, 181
Iccontei, 181
mt-rdarius, 18
Hoplandria

lateralis, 181
Hoplia

modcsta, 21
trifasciata, 183
Hormops

abducens, 161, 165
Hormorus

undulatus, 1S4
Hydnobius

laticeps, 16, 27
latidens, 27
substriatus, 27
Ilydnocera

longicollis, 21, 182
tabida, 182
verticalis, 21
Hydroporus, 92

modestus, 179
Hygroecia, 193
debilis, 193
magniceps, 193
Hylephila

phylaeus, 237
Hyperaspis

undulata, 68
Hyperodes, 177
cry tops, 163
lodingi, 164
montanus, 164
poseyensis, 164
sparsus, 184
Hypnoidus

abbreviatus, 19
melsheimcri, 182
obliquatulus. 182
planatus, 182
striatulus, 182
Hypolampsis

pilosa, 183
Hypomolyx

piceus, 184

lesta, 216. 224

lisetta, 224
Ilybius

biguttuUis. 179
Inastcnuua, 71

256

Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- xxniii.

Iphthimus

opacus, 183
Ips

grandicollis (Sco.), 184

quadruguttatus (Nit.). 181
Iris, 234
Ischnoptera

pennsylvanica, 26

uhleriana, 26
Isomira

quadristriata, 23, 183

Jalysus

spinosus, 67
Junonia

coenia, 237

Labidomera

clivicollis, 22
Laccobius

agilis, 16, 180
Laccophilus

maculosus, 16, 179
Lachnocrepis, 81, 87
Lachnosterna

anxia, 183

lanceolata, 69
Lasmophlaeus

adustus, 18, 181

convexulus, 181
Languria

mozardi, 181
Lasius

niger

var. americanus, 245
Lathridius

liratus, 18, 181
Lathrobiella

collaris, 180

fragilis, 180
Lathrobioma

othioides, 180

tenuis, 180
Lathrobium

armatum, 180

procerum, 180
Lebia

atriventris, 179

furcata, 88

grandis, 86, 88

ornata, 179

pulchella, 88

viridis, 15, 68, 179
Leistus, 81

ferrugineus, 84, 85

Lema

trilineata, 22, 69
Lembodes

solitarius, 161, 174
Leptothorax

curvispinosus, 71
Leptotrachelus, 81
Leptura

aurata, 183

exigua, 22

lineola, 22, 183

mutabilis, 22, 183

pubera, 22

vibex, 22
Lerema

accius, 237
Lerodea

eufala, 22,7

maculata, 237
Lespedeza, 137, 139
Limnichus

punctatus, 19
Limnobaris

cana. 169, 170

rectirostris, 24
Limonius, 31

seger, 20

anceps, 182

griseus, 182
Lina

tremulse, 183
Liodes

obsoleta, 180
Listronotus

floridensis. 163
Lixus

crassulus. 24, 31

concavus, 31
Longitarsus

pygniseus, 23
Loxandrus, 82, 84, 87
Lo.vocraiubus. 215, 216, 225

canellus, 226

mobaviellus, 22y
Loxostegopsis, 215
Lucidota

punctata, 20, 182
Ludius, 30, 31

ex His, 20, 30

fulvipes, 31

hieroglyphicus, 20, 182

inflatus, 20

tesselatus, 182
Luperodes

cyanellus, 183

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

267

meraca, 22
thoracicus, 22
Lygus

pratcnsis, 67

Macratria

confusa, 23
Macrobasis

unicolor, 24
Macronoctua

onusta. 234
Macrosargus

clavis, 25
Macrosiphuni

gaurse, 66
Madarellus

undulatus, 70
Malachius

sneus, 182
Malthodes

exilis, 182

fragilis, 21

fuliginosus, 182

spado, 21
Mantura

floridana, 183
Mecopeltus

scandcns, 70
Medon

corticinus, 17

ochraceus, 17
Megilla

maculata, 181
Megistias

fusca, 2T,j,
Melampsalta, 124

calliope, 124, 125, 126, 128, 131,
132, 133, 134
var. floridensis 125, 131, 132

camerona, 125, 126, 134

kansa. 125, 133, 134

leurensis, 125

parviila, 124, 126, 128, 133
Melandrya

striata, 184
Melanophthalma

cavicollis, 182

distinguenda, 19, 182

longipennis, 182

picta, 19, 182

pumila, 19

villosa, 182
Melanotus

difficilis, 182

divarcarinus, 19

Melasis

pectinicornis, 154

rufipennis, 154
Melissodes

dentiventris, 72
Mesolia, 216, 217

huachucella, 218

olivclla, 218
Metaxyia

debilis, 193

magniccps, 181, 193
Metonius, 137, 140
Metrius, 85
Micracis

asperulus. 184
Microbracon, 47, 52

mellitor, 49, 58
Microcentrum, 241

rhonibifolium, 79
Microholus, 169
Microrhopala

excavata, 183

vittata, 183
Mompha, 33. 34

albocapitella, 52

brcvivitella, 49, 52

circumscriptella, 50

eloisella, 44

grissffiella. 52

lyonetiella. 45

niagnatella, 45

murtfeldtella, 52

obscurusella, 52

oenotherfeella, 45

oenothcrseseiiiinella, 5:

cenotherivorella, 52

parvicristatella. 52

stfc-llella, 47
Monocrepidius

auritus, 182
Monomoriuni

minimum, 71
Monostegia

martini, 71
Mordella

marginata, 23

8-punctata, 70
Mordellistena

aspersa, 2^, 184

biplagiata, 23

convicta. 184

morula, 184

pustulata, 184
Morio, 87
Morpho, 238

cypris, 238

258

Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- xxviii.

Mycetobia

divergens, 25
Mycetochares

binotata, 23
Mycetophagus

picta, 181
Myllaena

vulpina, 16, 181
Myrmica

scabrinodis, 71
Myzus

biennis, 66

cenotherae, 66

Nabis

roseipennis, 67
Nebria

gebleri, 84

metallica, 83, 85

ovipennis, 83, 84, 85

pallipes, 14, 83, 179

sahlbergi, 83, 84
Necrophorus

guttula, 89

hecate, 90

marginatus, 180

quadrigiittafa, 90

vandykei, 90
Nemotarsus, 89
Neobisnius

psederoides, 180

sobrinus, 180

terminalis, 180
Neocatalaccus

tylodermse, 58
Neoconocephalus, 79
Neonympha

phocion, 229
Neoplatypedia, 96, 97, 121

ampliata, 121, 123

constricta, 121, 122, 123
Neurocolpus

nubilis, 68
Neurocordulia

obsoleta, 90
Nezara

hilaris, 25
Nicentrus

canus, 169

grossulus, 169
Nodonota

puncticollis, 22
Nomius, 87
Notoxus

anchora, 23

Nyctobates

pennsylvanica, 183
Nysson

plagiatus, 71

Oberea

basalis, 22

bimaculata, 183

filum, 183
Odontseus

filicornis, 183
Odontocorynus

pinguescens, 178
CEdionychis

limbalis, 183

quercata, 183
CEdostethus

femoralis, 19
Qinothera, 32

biennis, 32, 42, 66

cleistantha, 32

oakesiana, 32

missouriensis, 52
CEstodes

tenuicollis, 19
01<anagana, 96

canadensis, 25
Okanagodes, 96

gracilis, 243
Omma, 203
Ommatopteryx, 217

ocella, 221

texana, 221
Omophron, 83, 85, 87

americanum, 14

tessellatuni, 14
Omosita

colon, 18
Onota, 82

floridana, 86
Ontholestes

cingulatus, 180
Onthophagus

hecate, 183

pennsylvanicus, 183
Oodes, 87

amaroides, 82

americanus, 82, 83

cupraeus, 82, 89

elegans, 82

fluvialis, 82

quatuordecimstriatus, 82
Oomorphidius, 169
Ophiderma

definita, 214

flava. 212

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

259

flaviguttula, 214

fraterna, 212

grisea c?, 2 1 3

pubescens, 213
Ophiogomphus

carolus, 26
Opisthius. 81
Orchestes

ephippiatus, 24

niger, 184

pallicornis, 184
Orchcstina

saltabunda, 157, 15S, 160

saltitans, 157, 158, 160
Ormenis

pruinosa, 67
Ormiscus

saltator, 162
Orthaltica

copalina, 2^
Ortholonius

longiceps, 67
Otidocephalus

chevrolatii, 24

dichrous, 166
Otiorhynchus

ovatus, 70
Oxygonus

obesus. 20
Oxypoda

obliqiia, 181

rugicollis, 193

schacfferi, 181, 193

vetula, 194
Oxytellus

laqueatus, 180

nitidulus. 180

tetracarinatus, 180
Ozodicera. 10

argentina, 10

attemiata, 8, g

gracilis, 9

griseipennis, 9

Pachn.Teus

opaliis. 163

Pachybrachys

bivittatus, 183

Pachyschelus. 136, 137, 194
anicricanus, 138
caeruleus, 140, 141. 142
carbonatus, 139, 140
laevigatus, 138, 139, 140. 141
ovatus, 139, 140
politus, 139, 140
punctatus, 139

purpurcus, 138, 140, 141, 182

punctatus, 139

schwarzi, 138, 140, 142
van oculatus, 138, 141
Pachyta

monticola, 22, 183
Pachyteles

testaceus, 84
Paederus

littorarius. 17, 180
Pancota

panda, 181
Panorpa

rufescens, 26
Papilio, 238

cresphontes, 228, 236

glaucus, 236

marcellus, 239

f. floridensis, 236

palamedes, 236

philenor, 236

troilus

f. texanus, 236

turinus, 90
Paragoges

minimus, 166
Paragraphus

setosus, 163
Paragus

angustifrons, y2

tibialis. 66
Paralestcva

pallipes, 180
Paratettix

cucullatus, 26
Pasimachus, 83, 88
Patrobus

aterrimus, 83

californicus, 83

longicornis, 13
Pauropsalta. 125
Pectiiiotipiila, 9

argentina, 10
Pediculoides

ventricosus. 47, 153
Pelenomus

asperulus. 24

sulcicollis, 184
Pelurga

luridipcnnis, 181, 192
Pemphigus

aenotherx, 66
Perigaster

crctura, 171

obscura, 171

260

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.

Persea

borbonia, 172
Phalonia

oenotherana, 35, 43
Phasmota, 193
Philhydrus

cinctus, 180

perplexus, 180
Philodes

testaceus, 179
Philonthus

blandus, 180

fusiformis, 16

lomatus, 180

quadricollis, 180

viridanus, 16
Philophuga

viridicollis, 86
Philothermus

glabriculus, 181
Phlepsius

irroratus, 67
Phobetron

pithecium, 234
Photinus

consanguineus, 20

marginellus, 20

pyralis, 20
Photuris

pennsylvanica, 20, 182
Phyciodes

phaon, 237

tharos, 237
Phyllodecta

vitellinae, 22, 183
Phyllotreta

amoraciae, 23

sinuata, 70
Phymata

erosa, (>•]
Physonota

ttnipunctata, 183
Phytonomus

eximius, 92

meles, 24, 184

nigrirostris, 24, 184

polygoni, 184
Phyxelis

rigida, 184
Pieris

monuste, 236

protodice

f. vernalis, 228

rapse, 228
Pilopius

lacustris, 180

Pimpla

inquisitor, 47
Pinacodera, 82
Pityophthorus

consimilis, 184
Plagiodera

versicolor, 69, 183
Plagiognathus

politus, 25, 67
Plateumaris, 244
Platycerus

quercus, 182
Platynus

anchomenoides, 15, 179

angustatus, 86, 87, 179

atratus, 179

brunneomarginatus, 85

caudatus, 81, 83, 87

cincticollis, 15

cupripennis, 15, 179

decens, 179

dissectus, 81

extensicollis, 15

funebris, 85, 88

larvalis, 81

melanarius, 179

nitidulus, 179

picipennis, 179

pusillus, 81

reflexus, 85, 179
Platypedia, 97, 121

ampliata, 96, 121

aperta, 96, 99, 114

areolata, 95, 96,98, 99, 102, 107,
109, III 112

barbata, 97, 100, 115, 120

falcata, 99, 113

intermedia, 96, 119

minor, 96, 115, 117, 120

mohavensis, 98, 100, 102

putnami, 95, 100, 102, 104, 105,
no, 113, 115
var. keddiensis, 99, 108
,var. lutea. 98, 102, 106, no
var. occidentalis, 99, 106

rufipes, 98, 10 1, 102

similis, 99, no, 112, 113

vandiizeei, 99, 100, 115, 120
Platystethus

americanus, 180
Platytes, 217, 221

multilineatella, 223

panalope, 223
Plochionus, 82
Poanes

hobomok

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

261

f. 5 Pocahontas

ab. friedlei, 232

massasoit, 232
f. sufFusa, 232
Podabrus

basillaris, 20, 182

brunnicollis, 20

modcstus, 182

punctatus, 182

rugulosus, 20, 68, 182
Pcecilocytus

basalis, 68

lineatus, 68
Poecilus, 82
Polites

baracoa, 237

brettus. 237

cernes, 237

manataaqua, 232
Polydrusus

americanus, 24
Polygonia

progne, 230

f. I-argenteum, 230
f. progne, 230
Polygonum, 42, 58

hydropiper, 58
Pomphopoea

sayi, 24. 184
Popilia

japonica, 69
Populus

deltoides, 231
Prenes

panoquin, 233
Prenolepis

imparis. 71
Priacma. 202, 206

serrata. 203, 207
Prionapteryx, 216

nebulifera, 217

yavapai, 217
Prionus

laticollis, 90
Promecognothus, 81, 83, 87
Prosopis

cressoni, 72
Psenocerus

supernotatus, 183
Psephcnus

Iccontei, 19, 182
Pseudcbaeus

oblitus, 21, 182

pusillus. 21
Pseudoacalles

maculatus, 175

nuchalis, 175
Pseudobaris, 169

conneclans, 168
Pseudomus

inflatus, 174

sedentarius, 174
Pseudoschcenobius, 216

opalescalis, 218
Psomus

politus, 24
Psydrus, 87
Psyllobora

20-maculata, 18
Ptenidium

foveicolle, 181
Pterophylla

camellifolia, 78, 79, 241
Pterostichus, 82, 83, 85

ater, 86

angustus, S3

coracinus, 86, 88

corvinus, 15

erythropus, 179

honestus, 179

luctuosus, 15, 179

hicublandus, 15, 86, 88, 179

moestus. 86

mutus, 15

patruelis, 88

stygicus, 86, 179
Pteryx

duvalii, 17
Ptosima

gibbicollis, 90
PubliHa

concava, 26
Pyractomena

angulata. 182
Pyrophjena

granditarsus, 25
Pyropyga

decipiens, 68

Quercus, 137
alba, 212

coccinea, 212, 213
rubra, 167, 212

Raphiptera, 215, 216, 218

argillaceella, 218

minimella, 218
Resthenia

insignis, 68
Rhabdoptcrus

picipcs. 22
Rhaeboscelis, 136

262

Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xx\'iii.

Rhexius

insculptus, I So
Rhinomacer

pilosus, 162
Rhinoncus, 178

pyrrhopus, 24, 184
Rhipidandrus

paradoxus, 92
Rhipidia

costalis, 5

costaloides, 4, 5
Rhipiphorus

dimidiatus, 70
Rhizophora

mangle, 167
Rhodophora

florida, 35, 37
Rhynchites

elusus, 162
Robinia

pseudacacia, 228
Rudbeckia, 133

Sagittaria, 163
Samia

cecropia, 233
Saperda

concolor, 183

lateralis, 22
Sargus

viridis, 25
Scambus

inquisitoriellus, 47
Scaphidium

piceuni, 17
Scaphinotus

angusticollis, 87
Scaphisoma

rubens, 181
Scaphoideus

immistus, 67
Scarites, 83, 85, 89
Schizogenius, 89

amphibius, 179

lineolatus, 14, 179
Scirtes

tibialis, 68
Scolops

sulcipes, 67
Scopaeus

quadriceps, 17. 28, 180, 192

macilentus, 29, 192
Scydmrenus

perforatus, 180
Scymnus

fraternus, 18, 68

puncticollis, 18
tenebrosus, 18
Serica

Carolina, 209, 210
loxia, 208, 209
perigonia, 210
vespertina, 183
Sericus

flavipennis, 182
incongruus, 182
silaceus, 182
Sigalphus

curculionis, 58
Silpha

insequalis, 180
noveboracensis, 180
Silusida

blanchardi, 181
Silvanus

planatus, 181
Sinea

diadema. 67
Siphonophora, 66
Sitona

hispidula, 24, 70
Sitones, 70
Smicronyx

apionides, 166
congestus, 166
halophilus, 165
Smicrus

filicornis, 181
Soronia

undulata, 181
Sparganothis

sulfureana, 71
Sphasridium

scarabseoides, 180
Sphseroderus, S3, 87
Sphserophoria

cylindrica, 72
Sphjerophthalma
simillima, 24
Spharagemon

scudderi, 240
wyomingianiim, 240
Sphenophorus
callosus, 177

var. sublsevis, 177
chittendeni, 176
deficiens, 176
destructor. 177
melanocephalus, 184
omissus, 176
zese, 24, 176, 177

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

263

Sphyracephala

brevicornis, 91
Staphylinus

badipes, 16, 180

maculosus, iSo
Stelis

lateralis, 72
Stenelniis

crenatus, 19

linearis, 19

4-niaculatus, 19

sinuatus, 19
Stenogaster, 93
Stcnolophus, 87

fuscatus, 179

rotundatus, 179
Stenoscelis

brevis, 24
Stenus

bimaculatus, 190

bipunctatus, 17, 180

caenicolus, 180

colonus, 180, 192

canadensis. iSo

edax, 180, 191

flavicornis, 17, 180

fulvoguttatus, 180, 190

juno, 180

laccophilus. 191

militaris. 192

morio, 17

obtusus, 180

pere.vilis. 180, 191

punctatus, 180

semicolon, 190

venustus, 180
Stilbus

atomarius, 17, 181

obtusus, 17
Stratiomyia

discalis, 25
Strymon"

melinus, 237
Stylojjaster, 194
Surattha. 216

santella, 217
Syncalypta

spinosa, 182
Syneta

ferruginca, 183
Systena

hudsonias. 23, 70, 183

tseniata, 23

Tachinus

rcpandus, 180

Tachniphyto

jenea, 44
Tachycellus, 87
Tachygonus

lecontei, 163
Tachyporus

brunneus, 180

chrysomelinus, 180

jocosus, 180
Tachys, 87

corruscus, 14, 179

flavicauda, 15

incurvus, 15, 179

laevus, 15, 179

scitulus, 14, 179

tripunctatus, 15, 179

vivax. 15
Tachyusa

cavicollis, 16, 181
Tanymecus

laciena, 163
Tanysphyrus

lemnae, 24
Taphrocerus, 136, 137, 146, 194

agriloides, 143, 144, 145. I49

alboguttatus, 146

albonotatus, 143, 148

cylindricollis, 146

gracilis. 143, 146, 148, 149, 182

laevicollis, 142, 143, 145

puncticollis. 143, 144, 171

schaefferi, 143, 144, 145

texanus, 146, 149
Tapinesthis

inermis, 157
Tapinonia

sessile. 71
Telephorus

bilineatus. 182

carolinus, 20, 91, 182

dentiger, 20, 182

flavipes, 21, 182

fraxini. 20, 182

ncglcctus, 91

nigritulus. 21. 182

rotundicollis. 21. 182

tuberculatus. 21

vilis, 20
Tetragonoderus, 89

fasciatus, ^6
Tetramorium

csspitum, 71
Tettix

granulatus, 26

var. variegatus. 26

264 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.

Teucholabis

mendax, 5, 6
parishi, 6, 7
persimilis, 6
Thalessa

atrata, 24
Thalpius, 85
Thanaos
brizo

f. sommus, 237
horatius, 237
terentius, 237
Thaumatopsis, 216
edonis, 221
pectinifer, 221
Thecodiplosis

zauschnerise, 66
Thorybes

daunus, 237
Throscus

constrictor, 20. 182
Thyanta

calceata, 67
Thyrecoris

aterrima, 67
pulicaria, 67
Tibicen

davisi, 90
lyricen, 90
pruinosa, 90
sayi, 90
Tibicinoides, 96
Tipula, 9, 10

bnichi, 10, II
monilifera, 9, 10
nubifera, 1 1
phiiippiana, 12
wittei, 1 1
Tomarus

pulchellus, 18, 181
Toxonotus

fascicularis, 162
Toxotropis

floridanus, 162
Trachys, 138

ovata, 140
Trechus, 87
Trichius

affinis, 21, 183
piger, 21
Trichopteryx
aspera, 181
discolor, 17, 181
haldemani, 17
sericans, 17

Triphleps

insidiosus, 39, 67
Tritoma

flavicollis, 181

thoracica, 181
Trogophloeus

delicatus, 189

difficilis, 180

incertus, 189

morio, 17, 180

pudicus, 180

quadripunctatus, 180

rivularis. 180

subtilis, 180

vespertinus, 180, 189

volans. 180, 188
Tropaea

luna, 234

rubromarginata, 234
Tropisternus

glaber. 180
Tychius

picirostris, 24, 184
Tylodemia

serea, 70

foveolata, 45, 53, 184

Isevicollis, 173

maculata, 173

minima, 173

nigra, 184

punctata, 173

variegata, 173
Typophorus

canellus

var. pumilus, 183
var. quadriguttatus, 183
var. scutellaris, 183. 194
var. sellatus, 183
var. vittatus, 183
Tyrus

humeralis, 16

Uinta

oreadella, 215
Uranus

fulgens, 239
Urosigalphus, 58
Urtica

gracilis, 231
Uscodys, 215

Vaccinium

myrsinites, 162
Vanessa

atalanta, 237

virginiensis, 237

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

266

Wilsonia, 52
Winthemia

quadripustulata, 233

Xanthonia

lo-notata, 22, 183

villosula, 22
Xolisma

fruticosa, 162

Xyloryctes

satyrus, 21

Xyloterus

politus, 184

Zacotus, 81

matthewsii, 83
Zerene

csesonia, 236
Zuphium, 85

TH £;

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