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JOURNAL
OF THE
NEW YORK
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
^tvoUii to '^ntomoXoQv; in ^ettjeval
/ JAN '^ ^ "^"
Voluime XXVIII, 1920 ^ 5-^ ( / o
NEW YORK
Published by the Society
Quarterly
1920
PRESS OF
THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVIII.
Page.
ALEXAxnER. Chas p.,
Records and Descri])tions of Neotropical Crane-Flies
( Tipulids, Diptera). II i
Barber. Geo. W., and Ellis. Wm. O.,
The Beetles of the Family Cupedidae of America north
of Mexico 197
Bell, E. L..
Winter Collecting Notes on Florida Rhopalocera 235
B latch LEY, W. S.,
Some new Rhyncophora from eastern North America with Additions to and Corrections of the " Rhyncophora of
Northeastern America " 161
Chamberlin, W. J.,
Notes on two little known wood-boring Beetles. Chryso- bothris sylvania Fall and Melasis rufipennis Horn.
(Buprestidae, Elateridse.) 15 ^
Davis, Wm. T.,
The true Katydid nearly extinct in New York City 78
North American Cicadas belonging to the Genera Platy-
pedia and ]\Ielampsalta 95
Book Reviews ....•; 239
Dawson, R. W.,
New Species of Serica. ( Scarabseidse. ) III 208
Dickerson. Edgar I., and Weiss, Harry B..
The Insects of the Evening Primroses in New Jersey .... 32 Forbes. W. T. M..
Notes on the Crambin;c. ( Lcpidoptera. ) 214
Hallinan. Thomas.
General Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Canal Zone,
Isthmus of Panama -23^
Nicola Y. Alan S., and Weiss. Harry B..
The Group Traches in North America. Part I. The
Genera Pachyschclus and Taphrocerus 136
NoTMAN, Howard.
Coleoptera collected at Schoharie. N. V., Juno 9-14. 19' 8, with Descriptions of new Species I4
iii
iv Contents.
Legs in the Carabidae • • ^o
Coleoptera collected at Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., with
Notes and Descriptions 17°
Petrunkevitch, Alexander, Ph.D.,
Description of Orchestina saltitans Banks. (Arachnida.) 157
Sharp, D.,
Studies in Rhyncophora. IX. The sexes of Conotrachelus
brevisetis Champ 74
Watson, Frank E.,
• Miscellaneous Notes and Records of local Lepidoptera
with the Description of a new Form 227
Woodruff, Lewis B.,
Further Notes on the Membracid Genus Ophiderma
Fairm. (Hemip.-Homop.) 212
Miscellaneous Notes °9
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society. 90, 194, 241
Vol. XXVI II.
N<.. I
JOUR N AL
OF THE
NEW YORK
BntomologicaJ Society.
S>evoteC» to lEutomoloovi in (5a
'O/i , K *
JUN2 1 1920 )
MARCH, 1920.
Edited hy HOWARD N( )TMAN
/'lil'lualion Coinuiittrr. Hi'WAKu NiiiMAN K. t. Lur«.
NV. P. COMSTOCK. CH\m.RS SCIIABPPKK.
Rublished Quarterly by the Society. I,.\NC.\STKR, 1\\. NEW YORK CITV.
1920.
Apnl :i, 1/04,31 I,a'>c«*!»r, Ta. as »econd-claji matter un.lcr Act ot Congre»» ol July i*-. 1*^,4 THC NtW tHA f«lNr
CONTENTS
Records and Descriptions of Neotropical Crane Flies, Diptera,
Tipulidae. II. By Chari.es P. Alexander ... i
Coleoptera collected at Schoharie, N. Y., June 9-14, 1918, with De- scriptions of New Species. By Howard NoTMAN. . . . •• • 14 The Insects of the Evening Primroses in New Jersey. By Edgar
I.. Dickerson and Harry B. Weiss. . . 32
Studies in Rhynchophora. IX. The Sexes of Conotrachelus brevi-
Setis Champ. By D. Sharp. ... / . 74
The True Katydid nearly extinct in New York City. B\ \\ m. T.
Davis 78
Legs in the Carabidae. By Howard Notman. 80
Miscellaneous Notes. 89
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society. 90
JOURNAL
Pt\a i]0oFk ^n^omologiral HoriFfg,
Vol. XXVIII. March, 1920. No. 1.
RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES (TIPULID^, DIPTERA). II.
By Charles P. Alexander,
Urbana, III.
The crane-flies discussed in the present article are ahnost without exception from South America. They are based largely on collect- ions made in 1919 near Para, Brazil, by Mr. Herbert S. Parish, the veteran insect collector of the American Tropics. Several other interesting species were sent me by Seiior Charles Bruch. collected near La Plata, Argentina, and a few others taken by Dr. Witte in the Province of Santa Cruz, Southern Patagonia. The types are preserved in the collection of the writer ; parat>'pes of several Ar- gentinian species in the Museum at La Plata.
Genus Geranomyia Curtis. Geranomyia argentinensis new species.
Head gray, the gcnx more buffy ; mesonotum dull yellow, the pra:scutum with three very broad brown stripes that are nearly confluent ; femora with an indistinct, narrow, brown subterminal ring; wings subhyaline, the stigma dark brown, vein Sc long, the basal deflection of C«i before the fork of M.
Male. — Length (excluding rostnim), 5.8-6 mm.; wing, 6.3-6.8 mm.; rostrum, 3.2-3.4 mm.
Female. — Length (excluding rostrum), 7.5 mm.; wing. -.5 mm.; rostrum, 3.3 mm.
2 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxviii.
Rostrum dark brown, rather elongate, the tips of the paraglossae compara- tively short. Antennae with the scapal segments brown, the flagellum dark brown; basal flagellar segments oval, the terminal segments cylindrical. Head pale reddish, heavily gray pruinose, the gense buflfy. Vertex between the eyes rather narrow.
Mesonotum dull yellow, the prascutum with three very broad brown stripes that are practically confluent ; scutum with the lobes largely dark brown ; scutellum dark brown, broadly margined with yellow or, in some cases, entirely yellow ; postnotum dark brown. Pleura uniformly dull yellow, the mesonotum whitish pruinose. Halteres brown, the base of the stem paler. Legs with the coxse and trochanters yellow ; femora pale yellowish brown, the tips a little brighter and with a very indistinct and narrow brown annulus ; tibiae light brown, the tips narrowly darker ; tarsi dark brown. Wings sub- hyaline ; stigma oval, dark brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc long, Sci extending to about opposite two thirds the length of the long sector, Sc2 not far removed from the tip of Sci ; a supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc a short distance before the origin of the sector; Rs long, about three times as long as the basal deflection of Ri + ^; basal deflection of C«i some distance before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the lateral margins of the tergites more yellowish ; sternites yellowish. Male hypopygium with the ventral pleural ap- pendage large, greatly exceeding the pleurites; two acute needle-like points on either side at the base of the ventral pleural appendage.
Habitat. — Argentina.
Holotype, J*, Province of Buenos Aires (C. Bruch).
Allotype, 5.
Paratopotypes, S (^>2-
Geranomyia argentinensis belongs to the group of G. canadensis (Westwood) and is most nearly allied to G. guatemalensis A\Q-x.a.ndtr from which it may be told by the shorter rostrum, the different tho- racic and abdominal pattern, the less distinct brown femoral ring, and other details.
Genus Dicranomyia Stephens. Dicranomyia amazonica new species.
Size large (wing of ,^ over 8 mm.) ; general coloration black, the prsescu- tum reddish with a shiny black median stripe ; wings grayish brown, the costal region and narrow seams along the cord darker brown, Sc long, cell ist M^ small, subquadrate.
Male. — Length, 7.8 mm. ; wing, 8.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae black throughout, the last seg- ment elongate subulate. Head dark brown, gray prviinose, the vertex narrowed between the eyes, the latter with large coarse ommatidia.
Nlarch, 1920. 1 ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CrAXE-FlIES. 3
Mesonotal prsscutum reddish with a conspicuous black median stripe that is broadest and most distinct in front, becoming obliterated before the suture ; scutum, scutellum and postnotum black. Pleura mostly black, the mesepimera a little paler. Halteres dark brownish black. Legs with the coxae dull reddish, the fore coxae black ; trochanters dull reddish ; femora black, the bases nar- rowly reddish ; remainder of the legs black. Wings grayish brown, the wing- base indistinctly brighter; the costal region, stigma, tip of the wing and narrow seams along the crossveins and deflections of veins dark brown ; veins dark brown, R, Cti and 2d A more yellowish. Venation : Sc long, extending to be- yond midlength of the long sector, Sco at the tip of .S"<r, ; r at the tip of R^, longer than the apex of /?i beyond it; cell ist M, small, subquadrate; basal deflection of Cu^ before the fork of M ; Cu„ shorter than the deflection of Cui.
Abdominal tergites black, the caudal margins of segments two to five broadly but indistinctly paler; stcrnitcs reddish brown. Hypopygium conspic- uously reddish orange ; pleurites elongate, much longer than the relatively small appendages; penis-guard conspicuous, about as long as the pleurites.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Holotype, J*. Igarape-Assu, Para, July i6, 1919 ( H. S. Parish).
Paratype, J*, Obidoo, September 10, 1919 (H. S. Parish).
Dicranomyia sanctae-cruzae new species.
General coloration reddish yellow ; antennal flagellum dark brown ; legs yellow, only the terminal tarsal segments darker; wings yellowish subhyaline with sparse dark brown marks at the stigma, along the cord, at crossvein m and on the 2d Anal vein.
Male. — Length, 8.4 mm. ; wing, 12 mm.
Female. — Length, 9—9.3 mm.; wing, 11. 5— 12.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi light yellow. Antennae with the scapal segments brown- ish yellow, the flagellar segments dark brown, the intermediate flagellar seg- ments oval in shape. Head reddish brown with a microscopic dense white pubescence, the median line of the vertex darker. Eyes rather widely sepa- rated by the vertex.
Thorax reddish yellow, the mesonotal pr.xscutum with very indistinct darker reddish stripes. Pleura reddish brown. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxcc and trochanters dull yellow ; remainder of the legs pale yellow, the two terminal tarsal segments dark brown ; last tarsal segment longer than the penultimate ; claws with three teeth. Wings subhyaline, the yellow veins sur- rounded by a pale yellow tinge; stigma brown, connected with a brown seam at the fork of Rs; Cm^ and the basal deflection of Cm, seamed with brown; a large brown area on crossvein mi ; the distal half of vein 2d A with a large dark brown seam. Venation : 5"c, ending opposite the origin of Rs, Scz a short distance back from the tip so that Sc^ alone is a little longer than r; basal deflection of /?4*s about one half the length of the feebly sinuous sector; cell 1st A/j closed ; basal deflection of Ci<, at or some distance before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the sternites yellowish, the subtcrminal
4 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxviii.
sternites a little darker. Male hypopygium rather large, the pleurites slender, on the ventral inner face produced proximad into a prominent lobe that is covered with appressed hairs; ventral pleural appendage large. Ovipositor with the valves nearly equal in length, or the tergal valves a little shorter than the sternal valves, the tips acute; the tergal valves are blackened and with the dorsal edges minutely serrate.
Habitat.— Argentina (Patagonia) ; Tierra del Fuego.
Holotype, J*, Valle Tunel, Santa Cruz (Dr. Witte).
Allotopotype, 2-
Paratopotype, $; paratype, $, Tierra del Fuego (Ohlin).
Dicranomyia sanctcc-cruza is a large, vigorous species that re- sembles D. chlorofica (Philippi), but is readily told by the hand- somely spotted wings.
The paratype is in the Reichsmuseum in Stockholm.
Genus Rhipidia Meigen. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) costaloides new species.
Antennae black ; general coloration black, the anterior part of the praescu- tum more reddish brown ; wings pale gray with a grayish brown pattern along the veins.
Female. — Length, 4.8 mm. ; wing, 5.3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae black throughout. Head dark.
Mesonotal prasscutum reddish brown, becoming darker posteriorly, the re- mainder of the mesonotum likewise dark. Pleura dark, the sternum more yel- lowish. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae dark basally ; trochanters brown ; femora brown ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings pale gray subhyaline with a moderately heavy grayish brown pattern as follows : six costal blotches that are approximately as large as the interspaces between them, the first at the arculus, the third at the origin of Rs, the fifth subocellate, at the stigma, the sixth at the end of vein ^^2 + 3; broad paler gray seams along the cord and outer end of cell ist Mj. Venation : Sc ending just beyond midlength oi Rs ; r at the tip of R^; deflection of R4 + B about as long as cell 1st M,; inner end of cell ist M.^ not conspicuously arcuated; basal deflec- tion of Cmi some distance before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the caudal margin of the segments broadly dark brown ; sternites dull yellow, the segments conspicuously ringed with blackish brown as an annulus on the caudal margin of the segments and on the cephalic margin of the following segment ; genital segment dull yellow. Ovipositor with the valves short but heavily chitinized ; tergal valves slender, strongly upcurved at the acute tips ; sternal valves long, ending about on a level with the tergal valves, straight, the tips acute.
Habitat. — Panama.
March, i9-'o.] ALEXANDER: XeOTROPICAL CrANE-FlIES. 5
Holotype, J. Quebrada Richa, a branch of the Rio Tapaliza, a branch of the Rio Puero, altitude 1.300 feet, July 24, 1918 fAxel Olsson).
This small species is closest to Rhipidia costalis W'illiston of Cen- tral America and the Lesser Antilles. In order to supplement Wil- liston's brief description, which applies equally well to more than one species in the Neotropical fauna, ^Mr. W. D. Lang, of the British Museum of Natural History, has very kindly sent me an enlarged accurate drawing of the wing of the type specimen of R. costalis. This figure agrees in all the essentials with the fly determined by the writer as costalis in an earlier paper (JouRX. N. Y. Ext. Soc, Vol. 22, pi. 3, fig. 2; 1914), the dark markings along the costal margin being considerably larger than the pale interspaces, the radial sector very long, the basal deflection of R^.. comparatively short, basal de- flection of C»i just beyond the fork of .1/ and other characters. In Mr. Lang's figures, cell first M„ is shorter and broader than in the specimen above mentioned. R. costaloidcs is readily told by the reduced costal pattern and the venational details.
Genus Teucholabis Osten Sacken. Teucholabis mendax new species.
General coloration reddish, the pn-escutum with three broad black stripes ; head shining black; pleura with large black blotches; legs yellow throughout; wings subhyaline, the apex and a broad seam along the cord slightly brownish.
Male. — Length, 7 mm. ; wing, 6.4 mm.
Rostrum pale brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennre dark brown, the basal segments only a little paler. Head intense shiny black.
Pronotum shiny dark brown, the scutellum more reddish. Mesonotal prae- scutum reddish yellow with three intense black stripes that are very extensive, the interspaces restricted; median stripe ending before the suture; lateral stripes very broad, nearly circular in outline, continued caudad onto the scutal lobes ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish, the postnotum with a distinct median and less distinct lateral stripes on the caudal half. Pleura orange- yellow with large jet black areas, smallest on the propleura ; two large blotches on the mesopleura, the largest on the mesepisternum, extending from the ster- num to the dorsopleural membranes ; a smaller oval area immediately cephalad of the halteres. Halteres small, reddish, the stems a little darker. Legs dull yellow throughout, the femora somewhat thickened. Wings subhyaline with the apex and a broad diffuse seam along the cord very indistinctly darker ; stigma dark brown ; veins dark brown, the basal and costal regions more yel- lowish. Venation : Sc rather long, extending to about midkngth of the sector ;
6 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^'o'- xxviii.
r inserted a short distance beyond the line of the cord ; cell ist M„ long and narrow, about as long as vein Mj + o beyond it, longer than M^ beyond it; basal deflection of Cmi at about one fourth the length of cell ist M,.
Abdomen reddish. Hypopygium weakly armed ; an outer flattened pale blade that bears a few long setae ; a long-curved appendage that terminates in a blackened needle-like point ; an inner, bifid heavily chitinized appendage with the anterior blade flattened, the edge indistinctly two-toothed, truncated or slightly concave ; penis-guard stout, the tip blackened.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Holotype, J*, Prata, Para, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish). Teucholabis mendax is readily told from all its relatives by the unusually pale banded wings and the shining black head.
Teucholabis persimilis new species.
General coloration light brown, the pleura yellow, wings yellow, crossvein r lacking, veins issuing from cell ist Mn long.
Female. — Length, 4.6 mm. ; wing, 4.5 mm.
Rostrum pale brown, the palpi darker. Antennae unusually long for this genus of flies, if bent backward extending to beyond the wing-root ; brown, the basal segment a little paler; flagellar segments long-cylindrical with long ver- ticils and a dense white pubescence. Head brownish yellow, sparsely white pruinose ; vertex between the eyes broad.
Pronotum yellowish medially, the scutellum more whitish, the pleural regions more brownish. Mesonotum light brown, sparsely pollinose, the median area of the scutum and 'postnotum more yellowish. Pleura yellow, the dorsal pleurites somewhat darker. Halteres brown, the knobs dark. Legs dull yellow, the terminal three or four tarsal segments dark brown ; claws small, untoothed, empodia conspicuous. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge ; stigma indistinct, grayish ; veins brownish yellow. Venation : Sc rather long, Scj^ very long, extending to beyond midlength of the long sector, Sc2 far from the tip of Sci and slightly proximad of the origin of Rs; r lacking; veins i?2+3 and i?4+5 long, curved caudad and running parallel at their ends ; cell ist Af, nar- row, shorter than the veins issuing from it; basal deflection of Cu^ a short dis- tance beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites more yellowish. Ovipositor with the valves long and slender, strongly upcur-ved, the tips acute.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Holotype, 5, Igarape-Assii, Para, July 15, 1919 (H. S. Parish).
This curious little fly is referred to the genus Teucholabis with considerable doubt. The radial cross-vein is completely lacking and vein Sc^ is very long for a member of this genus of flies. T. per- similis bears a great resemblance to T. parishi Alexander (Psyche,
March, 1920.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CrAXE-FlIES. 7
Vol. 20, pp. 46, 47; 1913J which must likewise be considered a doubt- ful member of the genus. The present species may be told by the long antennae and the details of venation, especially the shorter sub- costa, the lack of a spur of vein 7?,., and the shorter cell first M^ with the longer veins issuing from it. That the spur on Z?,., in T. parishi is a normal condition for this species is shown by the fact that it bears a macrotrichia on this spur in both wings of the unique type, this undoubtedly representing the origin of vein R^.
Genus Gonomyia Meigen. Gonomyia (Gonomyella) paraensis new species.
Antennse with the basal segments light yellow, the flagellum brown ; head yellow, silvery pollinose ; mesonotum lead-colored, the lateral margins narrowly light yellow ; wings strongly tinged with brownish yellow, cell R^ very short, cell A/j very deep.
Male. — Length, about 4 mm. ; wing, 4.5 mm.
Female. — Length, 4.5 mm. ; wing, 4.7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first scapal segment light yellow, stout, moderately elongated ; second segment tumid, dull yellow ; flagellum slender, brown, the segments with a dense white pubescence, in the male with long, secund verticils. Head light yellow, darker on the occiput, covered with a sparse silvery white pollen that is m.ost distinct on the anterior part of the vertex.
Pronotum yellow medially, the sides d^rk. Mesonotal praescutum dark lead color, sparsely pollinose, the lateral margin narrowly but conspicuously light yellow, two indistinct brownish stripes occupy the region of the inter- spaces; remainder of the mesonotum dark plumbeous. Pleura dull yellow, with a broad, ill-defined, dusky, dorsal stripe. Halteres dark brown. Legs dull yellow, darkening on the tibiae and tarsi, the latter dark brown. Wings strongly brownish yellow, the costal region more saturated ; stigma indistinct ; veins brown, the costal veins more yellowish. Venation : Sci ending slightly before the fork of Rs ; fusion of /?j + , very long, the cell R, being shorter than in any other described American species of Gonomyella; r at about two fifths the length of ^j + j; cell A/j very deep; basal deflection of Cm, just beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dull yellowish brown, the sternites more yellowish; hypopygium dull brownish yellow. In the female the antennae are shorter, the abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor horn-colored, the tergal valves very long, slender, upcur\-ed at the tip.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Holotype, J*, Prata, Para, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish).
Allotype, $.
8 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii.
The holotype male has the wings very much darker brown than in the female, the costal margin being especially suffused; in addi- tion, the venational details are somewhat different, r being placed before one third the length of R^^; R^ considerably longer, slightly more than one half the length of R^; basal deflection of Cii^ some distance beyond the fork of M. With the exception of these rather conspicuous alar differences, the two flies are very similar to one another and until further material becomes available they must be considered as representing a single variable species.
Genus Erioptera Meigen.
Erioptera {Erioptera) micromyia new species.
Size very small (wing of 5 under 3 mm.) ; general coloration pale brown, the thoracic dorsum unstriped ; wings grayish ; ovipositor very long and slender.
Female. — Length, 3.3 mm. ; wing, 2.8-2.9 mm.
Rostrum yellowish brown ; palpi dark brown. Antennae moderately long and slender, brown. Head light brown, sparsely gray pruinose.
Mesonotum light brown, the prsescutum without stripes ; tuberculate pits black, separated by a distance about equal to one and one half times the diam- eter of one. Pleura light brown, heavily light gray pruinose. Halteres with the knobs large, dark brown, the base of the stems pale. Legs with the coxae small, pale testaceous, sparsely gray pruinose ; trochanters testaceous ; re- mainder of the legs brown. Wings grayish subhyaline ; veins dark brown. Venation : As in the subgenus Erioptera ; 26. anal vein moderately sinuate on its outer third.
Abdomen with the tergites dark brown ; sternites more yellowish. Ovi- positor with the valves very long and slender, acicular, gently upcurved ; sternal valves similar in appearance to the tergal valves but more elongate, ending but a short distance before the tips of the tergal valves.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Holotype, 5, Prata, Para, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish).'
Paratopotypes, 2 J's.
Genus Ozodicera Macquart. Ozodicera attenuata new species.
Antennal segments four to nine with a single short pectination; segments ten to thirteen very long and attenuated ; dorsum of the prascutum with four brown stripes ; lateral margins of the abdominal tergites brown.
Male. — Length, about 20 mm.; wing, 16.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head reddish, shiny, narrowly darker dorso- mcdially ; nasus short ; palpi black. Antennae rather long for this genus of
March, 1920.] ALEXANDER: XeOTROPICAL CrANE-FlIES. 9
flies, the three basal segments orange, thence passing into black ; segments four to nine each bears a single short pectination which is shorter than the seg- ment that bears it ; the last four flagellar segments are greatly elongated, filiform, their combined length considerably exceeding the remainder of the antenna. Head yellowish tawny, the vertex very narrow between the large eyes.
Mesonotal praescutum yellowish tawny with four dark reddish brown stripes; remainder of the mesonotum brown, sparsely pruinose, especially the postnotum. Pleura light reddish brown, sparsely white pruinose. Haltcres brown, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxae reddish brown, gray pruinose; trochanters and femora dull brownish yellow; tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi dark brown, very long and slender. Wings light gray, the base of the wing and the costal region more brownish yellow; stigma elongate, grayish; veins yellowish brown, C, Sc and Cu more yellowish. Venation : tip of 7?, pale ; r-m very short to almost obliterated by the approximation of veins i?4 + 5 and Mi + o; cell Mj broadly sessile; »i-ci« obliterated by the punctiform contact of Cu^ on Mj + 4.
Abdominal tergites yellow, the lateral margins of the segments broadly brown, this mark widening on the fourth and succeeding segments to include most of the segments; sternites reddish yellow, segments seven and eight darker. Hypopygium reddish, the pleurites long, slender, bearing the com- pressed pleural appendages at their tips.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Holotype, (^, Prata, Para, July 5, 1919 (H. S. Parish).
Ozodicera attcnnata is closest to O. gracilis (Westwood) and O. griscipcnnis Loew. It is characterized by the very short antcnnal pectinations, the attenuated apical flagellar segments, the quadrivit- tate thorax- and the dark lateral margins to the abdominal tergites. O. gracilis has the apical flagellar segments less elongated and the thorax subvittate; O. griseipennis has the median priescutal stripe entire and the abdomen with a dark brown dorso-median stripe.
Pectinotipula new genus.
Antennae 13-segmented, in the male with the terminal ten seg- ments each with two long pectinations that exceed in length the seg- ments that bear them; flagellar segments verticillatc. Venation with cell first M„ small as in Tipula; cell .U, long-petiolatc. Male hypopygium as in Tipula, the ninth tergite. pleurite and stcrnitc being entirely distinct; eighth sternite with a long, conspicuous median appendage. Coloration as in species of the monilifcra group of the genus Tipula, the body with a capillary brown dorso-median line, the praescutum with the interspaces set with tiny brown sctigerous inmctures.
10 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxviii.
Genotype. — Ozodiccra argcntina van der Wulp (Argentina).
Enderlein (Zool. Jahrb., Vol. 32, pt. i, p. 27; 1912) places argen- tina in his restricted genus Osodicera under the mistaken belief that the antennae are unipectinate. In reality, the antennae in the male sex, at least, are long-bipectinate and of a structure that di- verges widely from all species of the genus Ozodicera. Likewise in its wing-venation which is almost identical with the normal type of the genus Tipula and the simple male hypopygium this species de- parts from the compact type of Ozodicera. The presence of ten pectinate flagellar segments and the petiolate cell M^ are ample char- acters upon which to remove this fly from Ozodicera to a position nearer the genus Tiptda, to which it is obviously more nearly allied. The genitalia and color of the body closely resemble those of species of the monilifera group of the genus Tiptda and it seems probable that the true affinities of this fly are not far distant from this group.
I am indebted to Senor Jorgensen for a specimen of this interest- ing fly, taken at Esquina Grande, Catamarca, Argentina. April 7, 1915-
Genus Tipula Linnaeus. Tipula bruchi new species.
Antennae bicolorous ; mesonotal praescutum with dark brown stripes ; legs very long and slender, the tips of the femora and tibiae black ; wings with the costal margin yellowish, the membrane clouded with gray and with four dark brown blotches in the subcostal cell.
Male. — Length about 17-18 mm.; wing, 18-19. 2 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 14.2 mm.; tibia, 16 mm.; metatarsus, 21.6 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head slender, buffy, the sides darker; nasus slender with long yellow hairs. Antennae short, the three basal segments dull yellow, the remaining segments yellow with the basal enlargement black; ter- minal segments more uniformly darkened ; verticils longer than the segments that bear them. Head yellowish buff with a long dark brown medidn mark on the vertex ; vertical tubercle rather conspicuous, brown medially, with an im- pressed median furrow.
Pronotum pale yellowish brown with three dark brown marks. Mesonotal praescutum light buff with three dark brown stripes, the median stripe divided by a broad pale line which, in turn, is split by a capillary dark brown median line ; humeral region dark ; scutum buffy gray, each lobe with two large dark brown marks; scutellum light brown with a dark brown median line; post- notum grayish, the posterior margin and median area more grayish, the latter with a capillary dark brown line. Pleura light buff, indistinctly spotted with
March. 1920.] ALEXANDER: XeOTROPICAL CraNE-FlIES. 11
darker. Mesostcrnum indistinctly dark gray. Halteres rather long, the knobs dark brown with the apices dull yellow. Legs with the coxa; and trochanters brownish yellow; femora yellowish brown, the tips broadly black; tibiae dark brown, the tips narrowly blackened ; tarsi very long, dark brown, the metatarsi longer than the tibiae. Wings subhyaline, with four dark brown subcostal blotches and a heavy grayish brown clouding in all the cells ; cells C and Sc strongly yellowish ; the first dark brown subcostal mark is at h and also in- cludes the bases of cells R and M and extends into the costal cell ; the re- maining three marks do not reach the costal cell but send paler clouds caudad into cell R ; the third mark, at the origin of Rs. is the largest, stigma rather pale brown ; the grayish brown clouds include the apical half of cells R, and /?s ; most of cells ^5 to Cm,, conspicuous zigzag areas in cells Af . Cm and ist A ; cell 2d A more uniformly darkened. Venation : Veins R-^ and R^ strongly di- vergent, the base of cell Z?. being very narrow ; cell ist M^ much longer than broad ; m-c\i distinct.
Abdomen with the first tergite buffy with a dark brown median mark ; sec- ond tergite dark with only the basal half pale laterally ; remaining tergites darker brown, indistinctly ringed' caudally with paler; the lateral margins are marked with a brown streak ; sternites similar to the tergites.; ninth segment pale. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite extensive, pale, with a deep and narrow V-shaped median notch, the broad lateral lobes irregularly notched and toothed, the most lateral tooth largest. Ninth pleurite complete, the pleural appendages being long and slender; outer appendage cylindrical, clothed with long, coarse yellow hairs ; inner appendage with the posterior margin beautifully fringed with long flattened hairs. Ninth sternite with the caudal inner angle with a pale, roughly oval lobe which is covered with a pale ap- pressed pubescence and whose ventral angle bears a pencil of long reddish hairs that are decussate with those of the opposite side across the genital chamber. Eighth sternite bearing a broad, flattened, heart-shaped median lobe that is provided with long, coarse, yellow hairs.
Habitat. — Argentina.
Holotype, J*, Province of Buenos Aires ( C. Bruch).
Paratopotypes, 2 ^^.
Tipiila brncJii is named in honor of Senor Charles Bruch. to uhom I am indebted for many favors. The species agrees fairly well with the description of T. nubifcra van dcr Wulp, but the pat- tern of the thorax and wings is very different in the two species.
Tipula wittei new species.
Antcnnal flagcllum indistinctly bicolorous ; mesonotum dark gray with five brown stripes, the three intermediate stripes capillary, the lateral stripes broader; wings grayish, the stigma pale yellowish brown; abdominal tergites brownish yellow with three dark brown stripes.
Female. — Length, about 26 mm.; wing, 19.2 mm.
12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
Frontal prolongation of the head pale brownish yellow, more pruinose above; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment gray pruinose; sec- ond segment yellow; flagellar segments with the basal enlargement dark brown, the remainder of each segment a trifle paler to produce a very indistinct bi- colorous effect ; flagellar verticils long. Head brownish gray with a very in- distinct brown line on the vertical tubercle.
Pronotum brownish with an indistinct capillary dark brown median line. Mesonotal praescutum dark gray with five brown stripes, the three intermediate very narrow, being formed by the lateral margins and capillary median vitta of the usual broad median stripe; lateral stripes broad; humeral region yellow; prsescutal interspaces with a few dark setigerous punctures ; scutum dark gray ; scutellum dark testaceous brown ; postnotum light gray with a capillary black median line. Pleura light yellow, gray pruinose ; dorsopleural mem- branes dull yellow. Halteres long, dark brown, the base of the stem paler. Legs with the coxae pale reddish, sparsely gray pruinose ; trochanters dull yel- low; femora reddish brown, the tips indistinctly darker; tibiae yellowish brown, the tips narrowly dark brown ; metatarsi yellowish brown, the tips darkened ; remainder of the tarsi dark brown ; metatarsi shorter than the tibiae ; claws small, simple. Wings grayish, the apical cells grayish brown, the costal and subcostal cells more yellowish; stigma pale yellowish brown; an obliterative streak before and beyond the stigma, the latter in the bases of cells R., and R3. Venation: Cell R^ rather broad at the base; basal deflection of ^4 + 5 short; cell 1st M2 small, almost regularly pentagonal ; petiole of cell M^ short, about as long as cell ist M„ ; ni-cu punctiform.
Abdominal tergites brownish yellow with three broad dark brown stripes, the lateral margins of the segments rather broadly pale, the caudal margins indistinctly ringed with yellowish, most evident on segments six and seven ; sternites pale yellow, the terminal segments indistinctly pruinose. Ovipositor with the long dorsal shield and the valves light chestnut brown, the straight, slender tergal valves greatly exceeding the sternal valves, along the ventral margin with scattered erect setae.
Habitat. — Argentina (Patagonia) .
Holotype, $, Valle Tunel, Santa Cruz (Dr. Witte).
Tipula philippiana new species.
Antennns indistinctly bicolorous ; mesonotal praescutum dark brown with three broad bluish gray stripes that are narrowly and incompletely margined with pale gray and dark brown ; pleura with a broad brown dorsal stripe ; wings white, sparsely streaked with brown, the costal and subcostal cells more yellowish ; abdomen dull yellow, trivittate with dark brown.
Female. — Length, about 23 mm. ; wing, 19.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head reddish testaceous; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the basal flagellar segments indistinctly bicolorous, the basal swelling brown, the terminal flagellar segments more unicolorous bro\yn ; ver-
March, 19^0.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CrAN E-I'lieS. 13
ticils conspicuous. Head light gray, more brownish adjoining the inner margin of the eyes.
Mesonotal praescutum dark brown, the praescutum stripes clear bluish gray, margined with dull whitish gray ; the median stripe is split by a capillary dark brown line that broadens out behind, just before the suture enlarging into a blotch ; immediately laterad of this and occupying the praescutal interspaces a similar short brownish line extending from the suture cephalad ; interspaces sparsely dotted with brown setigerous punctures ; lateral margins of the median stripe at about midlength of the sclerite narrowly and indistinctly margined with brown ; lateral margins and the humeral region of the dark brown ground color ; scutum dull gray, the lobes with a linear dark brown stripe ; median lobe of the scutellum and the postnotum gray pruinose, the latter with an indistinct brown median line. Pleura brown, grayish pruinose; a dark brown longitudinal stripe on the dorsal pleurites ; a dark brown velvety spot imme- diately dorsad of the base of the halteres on the sides of the postnotum and a small white area immediately before the halteres ; dorso-pleural membranes dull yellowish. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem and the base of the knob paler. Legs with the coxae pale, grayish pruinose ; trochanters and femora dull brownish yellow, the latter with an indistinct brownish ring immediately before their apices; tibiae yellowish brown, the tips darker; tarsi brown; meta- tarsi considerably shorter than the tibiae. Wings white, sparsely streaked and lined with brown ; cells C and Sc strongly yellowish ; stigma brown ; small dark brown marks at h, at the origin of Rs, midway between the two latter, and at the tip of Sc ; larger but slightly paler clouds at the fork of Rs, connecting with the stigmal spot, a large blotch in the end of cell R^ and the middle of cell i?j; a large blotch at the base of cells R and M and along vein Cu in cells M and Cu for almost the whole length of this vein ; grayish clouds in the ends of the anal cells ; the ends of veins A/,, A/,, A/3, Cui and 1st A are seamed with brown. Venation : Base of cell /?. broad ; cell ist M. subpentagonal ; tn-cu obliterated by the fusion of Cu, on -Uj,,; cells R. and .U, are somewhat broader than in T. wittei.
Abdomen with the first tergite gray pruinose ; remaining tergites dull yel- low with three dififuse dark brown stripes that almost obliterate the ground color except at the base of the sclerites ; sternites dull yellow, sparsely pruinose. Ovipositor almost as in T. wittei but the dorsal basal shield less elongate.
Habitat. — Argentina ( Patagonia ) .
Holot\-pe, $, Valle Tunel. Santa Cruz (Dr. WitteV
14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE, N. Y.,
JUNE 9-14, 1918, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.
By Howard Notman, Brooklyn, N. Y.
CICINDELID^. Cicindela scxguttata Fabr. (i)
CARABID^.
Omophron amcricanum Dej. (16) Omophron tcsscllatum Say. (3) Elaphriis ruscarius Say. (4) Nebria pallipcs Say. (2) Dyschiriiis sphccricollis Say. (5) Dyschirius aureolus n. sp. Schizo genius lineolatus Say. (6) Bembidium incequale Say. (6) Bembidium chalceum Dej. (3) Bembidium nigrum Say. (12) Bembidium planiusculum Mann. (7)
These specimens are indistinguishable from specimens collected in the Bitter Root Mountains of Montana and agree .with the de- scription of the species.
Bevibidium planum Hald. (7) Bembidium picipcs Kby. (16) Bembidium postremum Say. (2) Bembidium oberthiiri Hayw. (19) Bembidium patruele Dej. (18) Bembidium posticum Hald. (5) Bembidium versicolor Lee. (4) Bembidium quadrimaculatum Linn. (2) Tachys scifuhis Lee. (5) Tachys corruscus Lee. (i)
March, 1920.] NOTMAN : COLKOPTKRA COLLECTED AT SCIIOHARIE. 15
Tacliys Iccz'us Say. (2) Tacliys flavicauda Say. (i) TacJiys tripunctatus Say. (2) Tacliys vivax Lee. (3) Tachys incurvus Say. (18) Patrobus longicornis Say. (i) Pterostichus luciihlandus Say. (9) Ptcrostichus Uictiiosiis Dej. (i) Pterostichus corvinus Dej. (i) Pterostichus mutus Say. (2) Amara angustata Say. (2) Amara impuncticollis Say. (i) Amara ohcsa Say. (4) Dicalus dilatatus Say. (i) Diccelus elongatus Bon. (i) Dicalns teter Bon. (2) Badisfer nofatus Hald. (i) Calathus grcgarius Say. (3) Platynus cincticollis Say. (4) Platynus extcnsicollis Say. (5) Platynus aiiclioiicnoides Rand. (2) Platynus cupripcnnis Say. (i) Lehia viridis Say. (i) Brachynus janthinipcnnis Dej. (i) Brachynns minutus Harr. (i) Brachynus cyanipcnnis Say. (2) Brachynus gracilis Blatch. (i) Brachynus ballisfarius Lee. (i) Brachynus fumans Fabr. (i) Brachynus cordicoUis Dej. (5) Chlcrnius scriccus Forst. (6) Chlccnius tricolor Dej. (2) Brachylohus lithophilus Say. (i) Agouodcrus comma Fal)r. (7) Harpalus pcnusylvanicus DeG. (5) Harpalus hcrbivagus Say. (i) Bradyccllus rupcstris Say. ( i ) Anisodactylus rusticus Say. (l)
16 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxviii.
Anisodactylus discoicicits Dej. (2) Anisodactyhis iutcrstitialis Say. (i)
DYTISCID^.
Laccophilus maculosus Germ, (i) Ccclamhus dissimilis G. & H. (i) Agabiis scmivittatus Lee. (i)
gyrinid;e.
Dineiites discolor Auhe. (12)
HYDROPHILID^.
Helophorns Uncatns Say. (31) Helophorns inquinatus Mann. (3) Laccobius agilis Rand. (2) Cymbiodyta lacnstris Lee. (i) Cercyon occllainm Say. (i) Cercyon unipiinctmn Linn, (i)
SILPHID^. Hydnobins laticeps n. sp.
SCYDM^NID^. Eucojinns fatmis hec. (i)
PSELAPHID^. Tyrus humcralis Aube. (i)
STAPHYLINID^.
Tachynsa cavicollis Lee. (9) Atheta pahistris Kies. (11) Atheta dcntata Bern, (i) Myllccna vulpina Bern. ( i ) Staphylinus badipes Lee. (i) PhUonthns fusiformis Mels. (i) Philonthiis viridanus Horn. (2)
March, I920.] NoTMAX : CoLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 17
Actobius sobrinus Er. (i) Actobius fulvicornis n. sp. Actobius pccderoidcs Lee. (6) Actobius terminalis Lee. (i) Baptolinus amcricanus Csy. (i) Stcnus bipunctatus Er. (4) Stcnus renustus Csy. (i)- Stcniis morio Grav. (2) Stenus flavicornis Er. (4) Cryptobiiim bicolor Grav. (4) Scopcciis quadriceps n. sp. Mcdon corticinus Grav. (i) Medon ochraccus Grav. (i) Pccdcrus littorarius Grav. (4) Conosoma crassum Grav. (i) Blcdius stabilis Csy. (i) Blcdius cmarginatus Say. (4) Bledius honestus Csy. (i) Trogopldccus morio Er. (2) Gcodromicus nigritus Miill. (4)
TRICH0PTERYGID.3E.
Pteryx duvalii Matth. (i) Trichoptcryx sericans Heer. (2) Trichopteryx discolor Hald. (i) Trichoptcryx haldcmani Lee. (2)
scaphidiid;e.
Scaphidium pic cum Mels.
PHALACRID.^.
Stilbus obtusus Lee. (i) Stilbus atomarius Linn. (5)
COCCINELLID.^.
Coccinella Q-notat a Yirhst. (i) ,
Coccinella trifasciata Linn, (i)
18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
Psyllobora 20-maculata Say. (5) Brachyacantha ursina Fabr. (i) Brachyacantha lo-ptistulata Mels. (i) Scymnus fraternus Lee. ( i ) Scymnus puncticollis Lee. (i) Scymnus tenehrosus Muls. (i)
COLYDIID^. Cerylon castaneum Say. (i)
CUCUJID^. Lamophlccus adustus Lee. (i)
CRYPTOPHAGID^. Tomarus pulchellus Lee. (5) Agathengis lincola n. sp. Atomaria ovalis Csy. (i) Atomaria pusilla Sehon. (i) Atomaria ohlongiila Csy. (4)
Atomaria ochracea Zimm. var. pennsylvanica Csy. (2) Atomaria ephippiata Zimm. (3)
DERMESTID^. Anthrenus scrophidarice Linn. ( i ) Anthrenns museorum Linn, (i) Anthrenus castanew Mels. (i)
HISTERID^. Histcr merdarius Hoffm. (i)
NITIDULID^.
Brachypterus urticce Fabr. (26) Heterostomtis mordelloides n. sp. Omosita colon Linn. (3)
LATHRIDIID^. Lathridius liratus Lee. (2) Cartodere argiis Rttr. (i)
March, 1920.] NoTMAN : CoLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 19
Corticaria elongata Gyll. (i) Melanophthaltna picta Lee. (i) Melanophthalma distingiienda Com. (5) MelanopJithalma pumila Lee. (3)
BYRRHID^. Limnichus punctatiis Lee. (i)
GEORYSSID^. Georyssus pusillus Lee. (3)
PARNID^.
Psephenus lecontei Lee. (10) Dryops lithophilns Germ, (i) Elmis latiusculiis Lee. ( i ) Stenelmis linearis Zimm. (9) Stenelmis sinuatus Lee. (2) Stenelmis crenatus Say. (5) Stenelmis 4-maculatus Horn. (2)
HETEROCERID^. Heterocerus tristis Mann, (i)
DASCYLLID.E.
Ectopria nervosa Mels. (46) Cyphon ohscuriis Guer. (5) Cyphon variabilis Thunb. (i)
ELATERID.E.
Hypnoidtis ahhreviatus Say. (i) CEdostcthus femoralis Lee. (2) Elater socer Lee. (i) Elater areolatus Say. (i) Glyphonyx rccticollis Say. (i) CEstodes tenuicollis Rand. (3) Mclanotus divarcarinus Blateh. (l)
20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
Limonius crger Lee. (i) Lndius (Corymbites) exilis n. sp. Ludins hieroglyphicus Say. (2) Lndius inflatus Say. (2) Oxygoniis ohesiis Say. (2) Asaphes decoloratus Say. (i)
THROSCID^. Throscus constrictor Say. (i)
BUPRESTID^.
Dicerca lurida Fabr. (2) Anthaxia viridicornis Say. (i) Anthaxia qnercata Fabr. (i) Agrilus otiosiis Say. (i) Agrilus masadimis Horn, (i) Agrilus arcuatus Say. (i) Agrilus politus Say. (i) Agrilus obscnro-giittatus Gory, (i) Agrilus lacustris Lee. (4) Agrilus cgenus Gory. (2) Brachys cerosa Mels. (14)
LAMPYRID^.
Calopferon rcticulatum Fabr. (i) Lucidota punctata Lee. (6) Photinus consanguineus Lee. (4) Photinus pyralis Lee. (i) Photinus marginellus Lee. (i) Photuris pennsylvanica DeG. (10) Podabrus rugidosiis Lee. (i) Podabrus basillaris Say. (2) Podabrus brunnicollis Fabr. (2) Telephorus dentiger Lee. (2) Telephorus fraxini Say. (i) Telephorus vilis Lee. (2) Telephorus carolinus Fabr. (2)
March, 1920.] XoTMAX : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 2]
Tdephorus nigritultis Lee. (2) Telephorus flavipcs Lee. (2) Telephoriis rotitndicollis Say. (3) Telephorus tubcrculatus Lee. (i) Malthodes spado Lee. (2) Mai til odes frag His Lee. (i)
MALACHIID^.
Pseudebccus oblittts Lee. (4) Pseudebcciis piisillus Say. (2) Attains pallifrons Mots, (i)
CLERIDJE.
Clerus thoracicus Oliv. (2) Hydnoccra verticalis Say. (l) Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl. (13)
PTINID^. Hadrobregmus carinatus Say. (2j
CIOID.E. C/.y punctatus Mellie. ( i )
LUCANID.5:. Dorciis parallclus Say. ( i )
SCARAB-tlD^.
Aphodius ruricola Mels. ( l) Aphodius granarius Linn. ( r ) Hoplia modesta Hald. (i) Dichelonycha diluta Fall, (i) Xyloryctes satyrus Fabr. ( i ) Crcmastochilus canaliculatus Kby. (2) Trichius piger Fabr. (2) Trichius affinis Gory. ( I )
22 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
CERAMBYCID^. Callimoxys sanguinicollis Oliv. ( i ) Cyrtophorus verrucosus Oliv. (2) Euderces picipes Fabr. (8) Ency clops ccrruleus Say. (2) Pachyta monticola Rand, (i) Gaurotes cyanipennis Say. (13) Leptura lincola Say. (8) Leptura exigua Newm. (4) Leptura pubera Say. (4) Lephira vibex Newm. (i) Lepttira mutabilis Newm. (5) Saperda lateralis Fabr. (i) Oberea basalts Lee. (i)
CHRYSOMELID^. Lema trilincata Oliv. (i) Anomoea laticlavia Forst. (i) Coscinoptera dominicana Fabr. (i) Babia quadriguttata Oliv. (i) Xanthoma lo-notata Say. (i) Xanthoma villosula Mels. (i) Rhahdopterus picipes Oliv. (3) Nodonota puncticollis Say. (16) Labidomera clivicolUs Kby. (2) Calligrapha philadelphica Linn. (2) Calligrapha bigsbyana Kby. (7) Gastroidea polygoni Linn, (i) Phyllodecta vitellince Linn. (2) Cerotoma trifurcata Forst. (4) Luperodes thoracicus Mels. (7) Luperodes meraca Say. (i) Diabrotica vittata Fabr. (2) Galerucella cavicollis Lee. (4) Galerucella decora Say. (i) Disonycha xanthomela-na Da\m. (i) Haltica ignita 111. (8) Crepidodera rufipes Linn. (12)
March, 1920.] NoTMAX : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SciIOllAKlK. 23
Crepidodera hclxines Linn. (7) Epitrix cucumcris Harr. (6) Orthaltica copalina Fabr. (13) Systena hudsonias Forst. (8) Systcna tcrniata Say. (i) Longitarsus pygnicrus Horn, (i) Phyllotrcta amoracicc Koch, (i) Chcrtocucma coitfinis Cr. (i) Dibolia bor calls Chev. (3) Chalcpus dorsalis Thunb. (i) Chalcpus rubra Web. (i)
CISTELID^.
Isomira quadristriata Coup, (i) Mycetocharcs binotata Say. (i)
LAGRIID^.
Arthromacra ccnca Say. (3)
MELANDRYID^.
Canifa pallipcs Mels. (i)
CEPHALOID^. Cephaloon lepturides Newm. (2)
MORDELLID^. Anaspis nigra Hald. (6) Anas pis rufa Say. (16) Mordella marginata IMels. (3) Mordellistena biplagiata Helm, (i) Mordellistcna aspcrsa Alels. (4)
ANTHICID^.
Corphyra lugubris Say. (8) Macratria confusa Lee. (12) Notoxus anchora Hentz. (i) Anthicus obsctirus Laf. (4)
24 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii.
MELOID^. Macrobasis unicolor Kby. (2) Pomphopcca sayi Lee. (3)
CURCULIONID^.
Polydrusus americaniis Gyll. (i) Sitona hispidula Fabr. (i) Apion griseum Smith. (45) Apion atripes Smith, (i) Apion turbulentum Smith, (i) Apion porcatum Boh. (i) Phytonomus meles Fabr. (6) Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr. (i) Lixus crassulns n. sp. Tanysphyrus lemnce Fabr. (i) Otidocephalus chevrolatii Horn. (2) Orchestes ephippiatus Say. (i) Tychius picirostris Fabr. (13) Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. (2) Psomus politus Cay. ( i ) Coeliodes flavicauda Boh. (6) Ceutorhynchus punctiger Sahl. (3) Ceutorhynchus puheridiis Lee. (i) Pelenomus aspertdus Dietz. (i) Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Boh. (i) Limnobaris rectirostris Lee. (i) Sphenophorus sea: Walsh, (i) . .
Dryophthoriis americaniis Bedel. (5) Stenoscelis brevis Boh. (i)
Records in Othef Orders.
HYMENOPTERA. MUTILLIDiE. Spha-rophthalma simillima Smith, (i)
. ICHNEUMONIDyE. Exochus semirufus Cress, (i) Thalessa atrata Fabr. (i)
March, igio.l XoTMAN : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 25
DIPTERA.
mycetophilid;e.
Mycctobia divcrgcns Walk. (l)
STRATIOMYID.^.
Sargiis viridis Say. (i) Macrosargus clavis Will, (i) Stratiomyia discalis L\v. ( i )
SYRPHID.E. Pyrophana granditarsiis Forst. ( i )
LEPIDOPTERA. AGAPETID.E. Cissia etirytits Fabr. (i)
HESPERIID.^. Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr. (i) (identified by F. E. Watson, A. M. N. H.)
Epargyrcus tityrus Fabr. (2)
HEMIPTERA.
PEXTATOMID.E. Nczara hilaris Say. (l)
ARADID^. Anciiriis inconstans Uhl (i)
TINGIDID^. Corythtica arcuata Say. (i)
MIRID.E. Plagiognathus politus Uhl. (i)
CICADID.E. Okanagana canadensis Prov. (i) (identified by W. T. Davis)
26 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o^- xxviii.
MEMBRACID^.
Cyrtolohus vau Say. ( i ) Puhlilia concava Say. (2)
ORTHOPTERA.
BLATTID^.
Ischnoptera pennsylvanica DeG. Ischnoptera uhleriana Sauss. (i)
ACRIDID^.
Paratettix cucnllatns Burm. (7)
Tettix- granulatus Kby. (i)
Tettix granulatus Kby., v. variegatus Hanc. ( i )
ODONATA. AGRIONID^.
Argia putrida Hagen. (26)
This species was very abundant in a dry, sunny hillside road, several hundred feet above Schoharie Creek. Amphiagrion saucium Burm. (3)
^SCHNID^.
Gomphus quadricolor Walsh. Ophiogoniphus caroliis Needh. (2) These specimens were captured in a dry hillside road. Dromogomphus spinosiis Selys. (i)
MECOPTERA. PANORPID^. Panorpa rufescens Ramb. (3)
Descriptions of New Species. Dyschirius aureolus new species.
Form elongate, convex, subcylindrical. Color black with gold-bronze lustre; antennae, mouth parts and legs dark rufo-piceous ; basal joint of the antennae paler. Head, omitting the mandibles, as broad as long, as wide as the thorax at apex ; eyes large, very convex, front with a distinct transverse
March. 1920.] XOTM.W : CoLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SCHOHARIE. 27
impression between the eyes ; clypeus emarginate, feebly bidentate ; occiput smooth, impunctate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, widest a little behind the middle ; sides in front nearly straight and slightly convergent, posteriorly rather strongly convergent and slightly arcuate. Elytra at base very slightly wider than the thorax, widest at the middle, twice as long as wide, two and one half times as long as the thorax ; sides evenly and feebly arcuate from base to the semicircularly rounded apex; base not margined; stria strong, entire, rather finely and distantly punctured on basal half, indistinct and evanescent posteriorly; the third stria bipunctate, anterior puncture a little before the middle, posterior at apical one third. Length, 4-4.25 mm.; width, 1-1.25 mm. 2 (^.
In LeConte's table of the genus, this species would be placed with spliccricoUis, from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, slightly elongate thorax with the sides in front nearly parallel. D. edcntnlus Putz. also placed with sphocricoUis, is a large species, "mm. in length, with impunctate third elytral interval and the striae obliterated posteriorly.
Hydnobius laticeps new species.
Form oblong oval, strongly convex. Color uniform rufo-testaceous. Head broad, finely and sparsely punctate, labrum bilobed. Thorax twice as wide as long, scarcely narrower at apex than at base, widest at middle, sides evenly but not strongly arcuate ; distinctly and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra oval, rather oblong; sides gradually narrowed and arcuate from base to apex; sutural stria obsolete at base, gradually more strongly impressed to the apex where it approaches the margin ; surface with rows of rather coarse and closely placed punctures, very feebly impressed ; intervals with more or less irregu- larly placed punctures of equal size. Body beneath not distinctly punctured. Length, 2 mm.; width, 1 mm. i ^.
Male. — Anterior and middle tarsi not distinctly dilated, posterior femora with a rather broad tooth, obliquely truncate at apex; posterior tibiae, straight, rather strongly dilated at apex.
Female. — Unknown.
This species may be distinguished from substriatiis and latidcns by its large head and thorax not distinctly narrowed in front and by the shorter tooth of the posterior femora and the more strongly dilated tibiae.
Actobius fulvicomis new species.
Form slender, elongate, parallel, subdepressed. Color black, elytra piceous brown, indefinitely darker on the suture and basal third ; antcnnx. mouth pans
28 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^ o^- xxviii.
and legs reddish yellow. Head omitting the mandibles as long as broad, as wide as. the thorax, punctures rather coarse, sparse and somewhat indistinct; antennae as long as the head and thorax, joints five to ten strongly transverse, eight and nine twice as wide as long, the others not so wide. Thorax one fourth longer than wide; sides parallel; posterior angles strongly rounded, anterior angles obtuse and very narrowly rounded ; punctate like the head, a distinct row either side of the middle, elsewhere sparse and irregularly placed. Elytra one fourth wider than the thorax, slightly wider at apex than at base, nearly one third longer than wide, surface shining, more coarsely, closely and distinctly punctate than the head and thorax. Abdomen gradually wider to the fifth segment where it is as wide as the elytra ; sides scarcely arcuate ; rather sparsely and very finely punctate ; pubescence long even and rather coarse ; beneath more distinctly punctured. Length, 4 mm. ; .75 mm. 1 5-
Male. — Unknown.
Female. — Terminal abdominal segment broadly rounded ; anterior tarsi not distinctly dilated.
A. semipmictattis F. & G. is the only species listed from North America or Europe which the above at all resembles. The antennae in that species are described as short, '' barely reaching the middle of the thorax" and the outer joints "quite transverse." The an- tennae and legs are differently colored. A. scmipiinctatus is not included in the Junk Catalogus.
Scopseus quadriceps new species.
Form rather slender, parallel, somewhat depressed. Head and elytra rufo- piceous, the latter paler at apex, abdomen darker, blackish ; thorax, antennae, palpi and legs dull rufo-testaceous. Head one fifth longer than wide ; neck one fifth the width of the head ; the latter behind the eyes, square ; base straight, posterior angles moderately rounded ; eyes distant from the base two and one half times their diameters; antennae very nearly as long as the head and thorax, outer joints subquadrate ; gular sutures moderately separated, straight and parallel ; head finely, densely and evenly punctate. Thorax very slightly nar- rower than the head, one fourth longer than wide ; anterior angles at apical third, sides thence straight and very slightly convergent to the round posterior angles ; a little less densely punctate than the head with a narrow median smooth line. Elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, equal to or narrower than the head ; the head, thorax and elytra subequal, if anything the head being the widest. Elytra one fourth longer than wide, less than one fourth longer than the thorax, a little more coarsely and less densely punctate than the head. Abdomen very slightly wider to the apical margin of the fourth segment where it is slightly wider than the head. First joint of the posterior tarsi longer than the second but shorter than the second and third together, two, thre'e and four equal, as, long as wide. Length, 2.3 mm.; width, .35 mm. i J.
Male. — Unknown.
March, 1920.] XOT.MAN : CoLF.OPTERA CoLLFXTF.D AT ScHOHARIE. 29
Female. — Anterior tarsi scarcely dilated, sixth ventral segment broadly triangular at apex.
This species seems closely related to S. niaciloitiis Csy. CRcv. N. Am. Psederini, 1905, p. 208). It is distiiii^uished by the elytra not wider than the head, more elongate thorax with the anterior an.t,dcs farther removed from the apex.
Agathengis lineola new species.
Form very elongate, moderately convex. Head and thorax black, beneath dark piceous ; elytra brownish yellow, two nubilous dark spots on each elytron on basal half near the suture, the posterior spot larger and elongate ; antennae and legs rufo-tcstaceous. Head rather sparsely and not coarsely punctate; front between the antennne sharply but obtusely angulate ; antenn.x more widely separated from each other at base than from the eyes; first joint equal in length to the next three; fifth joint elongate, nearly twice as long as wide; club joints not distinctly transverse. Thorax one fourth wider than long, strongly impressed from side to side at the basal margin, not foveate laterally; sides feebly arcuate and convergent from basal fourth to the apex, a little more strongly convergent to the basal angles which are obtuse but distinct; coarsely, evenly and somewhat closely punctate. Elytra twice as long as wide, not more than one sixth wider than the thorax ; sides evenly arcuate from base to apex, a little more strongly on apical third ; humeri minutely denticulate ; scutellum more than twice as wide as long; punctuation not quite so coarse and distinct as that of the thorax on the basal half, evanescent at the apex. Pubescence rather short, fine and appressed. First ventral segment at middle equal in length to the following two. Length, i. 3-1.4 mm.; width, .35-45 mm. (2.)
This species is distinguished from those hitherto described by its more elongate form and proportionately narrower elytra.
Heterostomus mordelloides new species.
Form oval, very convex, slightly compressed and narrowed posteriorly. Color black, scarcely shining; antennae, mouth parts and legs dark rufous. posterTor femora and tibiae darker, nearly black. Surface rather coarsely, very densely and uniformly punctured; scutellum with the posterior half of its side margins, smooth, shining and impunctate. Head slightly less than one half .is wide as the thorax, antennx subcapitate, club elongate ; joints one and two subequal, globular, three elongate, nearly as long as the next two, ten twice as wide as long. Thorax three fifths wider than long, male; three fourth.";, ft male; apex a little more than one half the width of the base, strongly emar- ginate and bisinuate, sides parallel in basal half, strongly arcuate in apical half: anterior angles acute, posterior sharply rectangular, strongly produced ; base trisinuatc. median sinuation less marked, disk evenly and strongly convex, slightly impressed either side at the basal margin. Intcrcoxal process of the
30 Journal New York Entomological Society. IVoi. xxviii.
presternum narrow, not dilated nor elevated at tip, coarsely and densely pubes- cent posteriorly. Elytra conjointly a little transverse, apex truncate, apices separately broadly rounded ; humeri slightly prominent ; elytra not margined, epipleurse indistinct; scutellum arcuate-triangular, apex distinct. Abdomen with two dorsal segments exposed second and third ventral segments very short, combined not as long as the first, fourth or fifth, the latter the longest. Middle and posterior legs compressed ; tibiae strongly dilated at apex with a dense fringe of equal spinules. Tarsi dilated and spongiose beneath ; second and third joints emarginate ; claws appendiculate. Length, 2.6-2.75 mm.; width, 1. 25-1. 45 mm. i (5*, i $.
(1^ — Keene Valley, Essex Co., N. Y., 28 June, igi8.) Male. — Additional abdominal segment visible from above.
This species seems closely allied to the European H. pulicarius Linn. In the latter the punctuation of the head and propygidium are said to be evidently (" merklich ") finer. (Gangl. Kaf. Mitt.-Eu., Vol. Ill (II), p. 455-) In mordclloides the punctuation of the head is not at all finer and that of the propygidium only very slightly finer.
The genus Heterostomus has not been reported hitherto from North America. In Dr. Horn's table of the Brachypterini, it would be placed as follows :
Claws distinctly toothed at base.
Prosternum elevated at tip; elytral epipleurse distinct Brachypterus
Prosternum not elevated at tip ; elytral epipleurae indistinct. . . Heterostomus
Claws simple or nearly so.
(^Cerciis, Amartus, Anthonccus.)
Ludius (Corymbites) exilis new species.
Form very elongate, elytra subdepressed. Head, thorax and underside plumbeous black, elytra ochreous yellow; base and underside of the first anten- nal joint, mandibles, labrum and prosternal lobe rufous, anterior angles of the thorax narrowly and obscurely rufescent ; posterior angles and narrow basal margin and the legs rufo-testaceous. Head concave and unmargined at middle in front ; punctures above coarse, close and umbilicate ; antennae strongly ser- rate, the second joint very short, scarcely longer than wide, third joint trian- gular, similar to the fourth, terminal joint constricted near the apex. Thorax as wide as the head at apex, about three fourths longer than wide, sides parallel, rounded anteriorly near the angles, posterior angles produced, strongly divaricate and distinctly carinate ; strongly sulcate on the median line, sulcus not attaining the anterior margin, indistinct impression on the lateral declivi- ties ; punctures coarse, dense and umbilicate on the sides, finer and sparser on the disk. Elytra very slightly wider than the thorax, sides parallel to the middle, thence very gradually and evenly attenuate to the apex ; striae fine, not distinctly punctate, intervals slightly convex, rugulose and finely and
March, 1920.] NOTMAX : COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT SciIOIIARIE. 31
sparsely punctate. Pubescence short, sparse and pale. ScutcUum elongate, obtuse at apex, closely and finely punctate. First joint of the posterior tarsi a little longer than the second. Length, 13.5 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. (i.)
This species is closely allied to L. fulvipes Bland. In addition to the differences in color, it may be distinguished by the more elon- gate and parallel-sided thorax with the anterior angles rounded and narrowly depressed and the more strongly divaricate posterior angles and by the elytra distinctly wider.
In the latest classification of the Elaterid.-e by Schwarz in Genera Insectorum, Ludiiis Esch. is used in place of Corymhitcs, Limonius, etc., a change justified by the fact that Corymhitcs Latr. was defined to include only the species with semi-pectinate antcnncC in the male, and that Ludius Esch., an older genus, is defined to include species with unmargined front, simple claws, unlobed tarsi and narrow coxal plates.
Lixus crassulus new species.
Form elongate, cylindrical, moderately slender. Color black, shining, antennas and tarsi picescent. Pubescence short, scale-like, yellowish, more dense on the sides. Head and beak finely and rather densely punctate, a deep rounded fovea between the eyes and a short stria between the antennae; beak cylin- drical, as long as the head and thorax, strongly arcuate; antennae inserted at apical two fifths, scape not as long as the remaining joints ; first two joints of the funical, elongate, subequal, second as long as the following two. Thorax one third wider than long; sides rather strongly arcuate and convergent from base to a little more than apical one fourth where they are rather strongly constricted; apex one half the width of the base; disk impressed, impression wider and deeper at the base; finely and densely punctured; sides of the im- pression coarsely rugose-punctate at base, a few coarse punctures on the apical half. Elytra slightly wider than the thorax and three and one half times as long; sides parallel to apical third and thence obliquely rounded to the con- jointly rounded apex ; a rather deep scutellar impression ; surface very finely and indistinctly punctulate with rows of coarse, well separated punctures, becoming smaller apically. Length, 13.5 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. i $.
This species is distinguished from L. concavus Say by its slightly broader form, wider thorax with sides more strongly rounded and constricted and the much less numerous coarse punctures on the apical half of the disk.
32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
THE INSECTS OF THE EVENING PRIMROSES IN NEW JERSEY.
By Edgar L. Dickerson and Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, N.J.
The observations recorded in this paper were made in various parts of New Jersey on the evening primroses which are commonly and as v»^ill be shown later incorrectly known as CEnothera biennis L., and probably such additional species as oakesiana and cleistantha. Most of the work was done during the season of 1919 and it might be added that it was carried on incidental to regular duties of an inspection nature.
OEnothera, according to Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia of Horti- culture is said to be Greek for wine-scenting in allusion to an ancient use of the roots. The Oenotheras are mostly dry soil plants and are chiefly North American. In a letter Dr. George H. Shull writes as follows: "The true CEnothera biennis L. has not been found in America but is very widely distributed in Europe. It is generally understood of course that all of the Oenotheras are of American origin but that this particular species has no known native American habitat, which probably means, merely that the American Oenotheras are still only very imperfectly known. The number of species occurring in America and formerly included under the name biennis in the manuals is very large. I have not the least doubt that when the CEnothera species of the eastern United States are fully known taxonomically, there will be hundreds of them."
In this paper, therefore, the term evening primrose should be taken to mean in the main, those species commonly known and grouped together under the name biennis. These species are mostly biennial and make only a rosette of leaves during the first year. According to Stone (Plants of Southern New Jersey, N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1910) dry, open ground is preferred. They are common in the northern, middle and coast districts south to Cape May, being largely weeds in waste places and cultivated ground. In this char- acter they are occasionally found' in the pine barrens. Flowers occur from late June into October and fruits from late July through autumn.
March, i9^o.] DiCKERSON & VVeISS : EVEXING PklMKOSE INSECTS. 33
Before taking up the accounts of the insects associated with the evening primroses, it will not be out of place to call attention to a paper by Alice Adelaide Knox on " The Relation of Injury to Fascia- tion in the Evening Primroses," which appeared in The Plant World (Vol. 10, No. 7, July, 1907). Parts of this paper are quoted below.
"Examination of species of CEnothera by cutting or splitting the axes, reveals within many of them comparatively large numbers of the larvae of a small moth named Moniplia, which suljsist on the pith toward the end of summer, and winter in the hollow stem. Some of the larvK develop in the ovary and emerge in the winged state from the ripened capsule. Still others hatch in the leafy tip of the flowering stalk or in the rosette, and in the latter bind together the leaves to make a protective covering and feed in its heart during the cold months. In each case the eggs are laid in the growing region, so that the initial meristem is subject to injury from the ovi- positor. In the last instance large mutilations may be caused by the devastations of the feeding, and such ravages account for the fre- quent abortion of the main axis among the fasciatcd plants. On tlie other hand many plants remain unaffected, for the new leaves fur- nish sufficient food, the larva does not penetrate the center of the axis, and never reaches the meristem. In still a third case the meristem may be barely touched or irritated, and the injury may be a one in its effects similar to those caused by the ovipositor. Where the wound is inflicted by the mouth parts of the larva it is ordinarily more easily detected than when made by the ovipositor of the imago, for it frequently interferes with procambial development in such a way that the bundle ring is symmetrical, or there is a conspicuous callus formation, or other signs are evident, by which its course may be traced and its origin ascertained. When the tissues are pierced by the ovipositor the injury is so small that it is impossible to find it after any considerable amount of growth has occurred. A compara- tively deep incision measures 1.25 mm. in longitudinal section; it disappears almost immediately upon the consequent enlargement of the surrounding cells, and it is useless to look for traces of it at advanced stages of development. Fasciated tips so young that their flattened character can only be determined microscopically show- wounds in the meristem at the apices, but as the banding of the stem becomes conspicuous, aJl traces of the disturbance are gradually
34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviii.
lost. The time of the attack makes a great difference in the devel- opment. If the injury is to a growing region of a biennial plant still in the rosette stage, the plant fasciates during the rosette period, and the growing region becomes linear before the time of the elonga- tion. The stems are then flat from the base. If the plant is adult at the time of the invasion the injuries are in the upper part of the stems which have already completed their first growth. These fas- ciated stems are round below and flat above. In a given field of plants it will also be noticed that most of the fasciated individuals begin to flatten from the same relative point on the axis. This seems to indicate that the banding is stimulated in all of them at the time of the advent of the new swarm, or its less penetrating mode of attack may account for the absence of any degree of fasciation whatever.
'■ The importance of conditions of culture correlates well with the above observations and the character of the environment is signifi- cant in the production of the fasciation in two ways : namely, in providing a favorable habitat for the insect, and in promoting vigor in the individual plant, such that it will recover from, and not suc- cumb to, the mutilations. Degrees of moisture, isolation, and light all influence the activities of the insect as well as the development of the plant itself. Healthy plants may be more attractive to the insects; damp or rainy weather may drive the insects into the flow- ering heads, or under the young leaves; isolated plants in full sun- light may be better exposed for the hatching of the eggs. An ento- mological study of the habits of these animals would be of interest in this connection, and would throw light on the exact relation of the insect's life-history to the life-history of the plant. There always remains the further necessity that the plant shall be ' susceptible,' but we are assured by de Vries that the degree of susceptibility of the normal and flourishing primrose is superior to that of the ailing plant, and that the physiological responses of the two are not alike."
Without attempting to explain the relation of insect injury to fasciation in these plants, we wish to state that the " Mompha" re- ferred to by Miss Knox consists of several distinct species, which confine their attacks almost exclusively to certain parts of the plant ; also that these insects belong to the Lepidoptera, the members of which do not possess a true ovipositor and that the eggs of these
March, i9-'o.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EvENIXG PRI.MROSE INSECTS. 35
species are laid as the case may be, on the stem, leaves, and develop- ing tips and buds and not inserted in the tissue. In view of this we do not see how the initial meristem could be injured by the ovi- positor. It would be possible, however, for the larva of the species breeding in the tip to injure this tissue by feeding. During the past summer, hundreds of infested plants were examined in various parts of New Jersey and the amount of visible fasciation found was very small. It therefore appears to us as if the primrose insects do not play such an important part in fasciation as Miss Knox's paper would indicate.
The following species of insects were found associated with the primroses during the second year of their growth, or in other words, with the adult plants. As a rule little w^as found on the rosettes. The tip moth, Phalonia CEnotherana, winters over in the rosette, as will be shown later and it is quite probable that some of the leaf feeders utilize this stage of the plant for food purposes. The ro- settes also should afford hibernation quarters for miscellaneous spe- cies. Primrose roots were examined and with one exception the results were negative. This exception consisted of aphids which were found on roots at Hightstown, N. J., by Mr. West. Unfor- tunately no specimens were saved and the identity of the species is unknown to us.
Lepidoptera. Rhodophora florida Gn.
This prettily colored moth is one of the species intimately asso- ciated with the evening primrose, the larva feeding on the unopened buds and to a much lesser extent, the seed capsules and the adults visiting the flowers by night and resting within the partially closed blossoms during the day. It has been considered an apparently rare insect by collectors until the characteristic habits of the larva or adult were known when it became an obviously common species within the limits of its distribution.
The Flowery Primrose ^Moth was the popular name used by Dr. Asa Fitch (12th Rept. Nox. Ben. Ins. St. N. Y., pp. 900-906) as the title of a paper in which he gives a very complete account of the life-history and habits of the insect. The species was descrilied by Guenee in 1857 (Hist. Xat. Ins. Lep.. Vol. VI, p. 71) from a single female taken in New York bv Mr. Edward Doubledav while collect-
36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
ing in that state in 1837. Since its original description it has been noted in various lists and papers, notably by Fitch (loc. cit.), by Saunders (Can. Ent., Vol. 2, p. 6, 1869) '(Can. Ent., Vol. 3, p. 76, 1871), who studied it in Ontario, Canada, and by Smith (Brook. Bui., IV, p. 28, 1881).
The insect is apparently confined to the eastern part of North America ranging from Canada south through the Atlantic States. Saunders records it from Ontario in July. Winn records it from Montreal and other places in Quebec, July, August (Prel. List Ins. Quebec Lep.) ; Dyar's. List gives Atlantic States and Smith (Ins. N. J.) throughout New Jersey, July, August. In the latter state where our own observations have been made, we have collected it in a number of localities from mid July until mid August. We have, also collected it in Connecticut and Mr. W. T. Davis records it from Staten Island in July and August.
The larva destroys or injures many blossoms by its characteristic feeding habit of "boring a round hole in the bud" of sufficient size to admit its head which it sinks downward farther and farther, eating through the folded mass of petals, nearly or quite cutting them asunder and severing also the stamens and pistil." Thus when the flower comes to burst forth from its bud at the close of the day, it is but half its normal size and presents a most rueful aspect with the outer end of its petals gnawed and ragged, and all the beauty of their natural appearance destroyed." (Fitch, I. c). Foliage may also be eaten to a slight extent.
The following descriptions of the different stages and life history notes have been taken from the papers already referred to and from our own observations in the field.
Egg.— "Length one fortieth of an inch; width one forty-fifth. Form nearly round, flattened a little at the base, where it is also somewhat contracted in size, and slightly conical above, with numer- ous raised strias, about 36 in all, which run into each other before they reach the tip, where they are reduced to less than half the number, and terminate at the base of a small ring which crowns the tip: this ring has a depression in the center, and the space around the cavity is finely punctured. The striae are irregularly crossed by numerous fine, raised lines, and thus the whole surface is mi- nutely reticulated, but the meshes are irregular in form, with a
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 37
slight depression in the center of each. The color of the egg is dull yellowish pink" (Saunders).
Young Larva. — " Length about one fifteenth of an inch, cylin- drical. Head large and black, with a few black and brown hairs. Body above of a dull shining yellow, with a wide dorsal band of dull white. On each segment there are from eight to twelve shining black dots, from each of which arises a single black or brown hair. The upper portions of second and terminal segments have each a large patch of black. Under surface similar to the upper, but with fewer dots; feet black; prolegs pale greenish, faintly tipped with brown" (Saunders).
Full-Grozvn Larva. — '' Cylindrical, tapering slightly at each end and one inch in length, when crawling elongating itself to 1.15, and 0.18 thick. It is clothed with fine, shortish, scattered hairs which are placed symmetrically. Its ground color is pale green, of a yel- lowish or apple green tint when full grown, but usually pea green when it is smaller. Along the middle of its back is a stripe of a deeper grass green color, and a similar one upon each side of the back. These three stripes extend from the neck to the middle of the penultimate segment. Each of the lateral stripes has a dull cherry red spot at its anterior end, placed on each side of the middle of the neck or first ring, and in rare instances the anterior ends of these lateral stripes are of this color for a short distance. Before it is full grown the lateral stripes are sometilnes faint or wholly want- ing; and low down on each side is an elevated fold of the .skin which forms a faint stripe of a paler color than the ground. The head is a third narrower than the neck and is held obliquely down- ward and forward. It is slightly paler than the body and is clothed with fine erect hairs.
"A variety of the larva occurs, of a dull pale brownish yellow color, with the stripe olive or dull brownish green. In one instance a young larva 0.60 long was observed wholly destitute of the red spots upon the neck" (Fitch).
Adult. — Rhodophora florida. This was described by M. A. Guenee (/. c). whose description follows: "32 mm. Ailcs super, ayant la cote et les deux premiers tiers de leur surface d'un rose vif. et le dernier tiers, ainsi que la frange. dun jaune-ochrace uni : Ic tout sans taches ni lignes. Ailes infer, blanches teintees d'ochrace. Des-
38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxviii.
sous des quatre ailes ochrace, avec la cote rose, sans autre dessin. Corps ochrace en dessus et rose en dessous.
" Etat de New Yorck. Coll. Dbday. Une female."
The eggs are laid singly, usually on the outside of the bud mid- way between the base and the tip, but the location may vary and they may occur on the inner side or elsewhere on the bud, on the outer side of blossoms at base, on upper surface of leaf (none noted on lower surface), on the stem or even on the seed capsules and as many as four have been noted on a single bud. Material collected at Nutley, N. J., on July 23 was examined and the following num- bers of eggs and young larvae were found on various " heads " or short shoots, — 4 e., i 1. ; i 1. ; 5 e., 2 1. ; 4 e., i 1. ; 2 e. ; 2 e., i 1. ; 6 e., I 1. ; 2 e., 3 1. ; i e., 3 1. ; 2 e. ; 3 e. ; 8 e. These were found for the most part on the buds.
As the adults emerge irregularly during the summer, apparently fresh specimens being found from early July to mid August, eggs will be found during about this same period and in early or mid August, eggs and various stages of larvae may be found on one plant at the same time. In about three days time the young larvae emerge from the eggs and begin feeding on the buds. The habit of the larva of making a hole into the inside of the bud has already been referred to. If all of the bud were eaten not many would be needed to bring the larva to maturity, but its tendencies are wasteful and many buds and some seed capsules may be injured before its development has been completed. Resting as it feeds with the exposed portion of its body resting longitudinally on the bud and being somewhat protec- tively colored, it may be easily overlooked.
About a month is required for the larva to mature and so they may be found on the plants from middle July to late September. When full grown they enter the ground at the base of the plant to remain until the following season. While they feed singly they show little tendency to wander and Dr. Fitch notes that the larvae will enter the soil of even a hard trodden walk of a garden rather than seek softer soil at a greater distance.
The adults are inactive during the day and are found resting on the flowers within the partially closed petals. From this position one is easily captured and it was in this way that a considerable series of specimens was obtained in various parts of New Jersey.
March. 19^0.1 DiCKERSOX & W'eISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECIS. 39
This moth, like many other species, is attracted to light. The first specimen seen by Dr. Fitch in 1858 was brought to him from Adam. Mass.. where it was taken at light and four years later he captured a second specimen at light in his own home in New York state.
We have not bred any specimens and find no record of parasitic enemies in the literature relating to this species. Triphlcps insid- iosits, a common predaceous hemipteron, however, was observed feeding on the egg of this species. The lancets of the beak were inserted in the side of the tgg, the tip of the beak scarcely pene- trating the covering and in this position it rested for thirty minutes. The egg gradually collapsed on one side and then the base cracked open, the contents having been practically exhausted.
Desmia funeralis Hubn.
This species, known as the grape leaf-folder, has long been recog- nized as a pest of the vine. It is widely distributed in the United States and probably occurs in nearly every locality where wild or cultivated grapes grow. At first its occurrence on primrose at Princeton Junction, N. J., appeared somewhat unusual, but when it was later found on the same plant at Monmouth Junction and in fairly large numbers at Washington's Crossing. N. J., we concluded that the primrose could be included in its short list of recorded food plants.
In view of the fact that the grape leaf-folder has been known to entomologists in this country since 1855 and has been treated in various publications, it is not necessary to go into details here con- cerning its life-history and habits. Therefore the following account except where its occurrence is mentioned in connection with evening primrose, has been drawn from what appears to be the latest publi- cation on this insect by J. F. Strauss.^
It was first noted by us in New Jersey at Princeton Junction on July 2, when small and almost full grown larvje were taken from the foliage of evening primrose. The young larv'oe were found feeding on leaves which had not been folded, while the older ones were always within a folded or rather rolled leaf. The leaves were rolled either from the tip back or lengthwise up or down and the larvae fed within the cylinder either on the upper or lower epidermis, de-
iThe Grape Leaf-Folder. Bui. 419. U. S D \. Rur. Ent.
40 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
pending on the way the leaf was rolled. Sometimes the entire tissue was eaten. Strauss makes no mention of the leaf-rolling habit in connection with its injury to grape foliage in the east, but according to Quayle,2 in California the leaf is distinctly rolled and not folded over on the upper surface and fastened down by strands of silk as it is in the east. In addition Quayle states that the free edge is consumed. On primrose in New Jersey both the free edge and the inner surface of the rolled leaf were eaten.
During the first week of July our specimens became full grown and each pupated in a cocoon formed by the cutting of the leaf in two places from the midrib to the edge and the folding of this flap over to the opposite edge of the leaf. About twelve days were re- quired for the pupal stage, the first moths issuing on July i8. Ac- cording to Strauss, the full-grown first brood larvse leave their shelters on grape and drop to the ground where they transform among the fallen leaves, trash, etc., and in exceptional cases a larva may web several leaves together and pupate within or it may pupate within the folded leaf where it has fed. The pupae of the second brood are also found among dead leaves and hibernation takes place in this stage.
Unfortunately the second brood pupae on primrose were not ob- served, and it is not known whether a cocoon is made or not. A second brood undoubtedly occurs in New Jersey because adults were found during the middle of July and larvse during August. From the foregoing it is apparent that the habits of the larvse vary considerably within certain limits. In addition to wild and culti- vated grapes, other recorded food plants are Virginia creeper and redbud. The following brief descriptions are adapted from Strauss.
Egg. — Length 0.7 mm., elliptical, membranous chorion presenting under high magnification, delicate, hexagonal markings.
Full Grown Larva. — Length about i inch; widest in middle and tapering toward either end; glossy, transluc'ent yellow green on sides and somewhat darker above, with scattered, fine, yellow hairs on each segment; the head and prothoracic shield are light brown and there are. light brown spots on the sides of the first two thoracic segments.
2 Quayle, H. J., Bui. 192, Cal. Agric. Exp. Sta.
March, 19-0.1 DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 41
Adult. — Dcsmia juncralis. Pyralis funcralts Hubn., Pyral. f., 103, 1796. Anania funeralis Hubn., Verz. Schm., 360, 3449- Botys bicolor ? Swain., Zool. Illustr., II, pi. tt, 1821-2. Desiiiia maculatis Westw., Mag. Z06I. Class, IX, pi. 2, 1832. Desmia funeralis (Hubn.) Gucn., Delt. et Pyral., No. 124, p. 190, 1854.
Expanded tlie wings of the moth measure about nine tenths of an inch. They are very dark brown with an opalescent or silvery reflection and border with white. In both sexes the forewings have two nearly oval, white spots. The hind wings of the male bear one spot, which may be divided in the female. The body is black crossed by two white bands in the female and by one band in the male.
Strauss reared seven species of hymenopterous and tliree species of dipterous parasites from the larvae and pupae of Dcsmia funeralis and an account of these together with a bibliography of 26 titles can be found in his publication.
Celerio lineata Fabr.
This well-known species is known to feed on purslane, buckwheat, turnip, watermelon, chickweed, dock, apple, currant, grape, goose- berry and evening primrose according to Beutenmuller (Amer. Mus. Nat. His. Guide Leaflet No. 10, 1903) and is recorded by Smith (Ins. N. J., N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909) as being common throughout New Jersey, July to November.
During the summer of 1919 it was abundant at Princeton on evening primrose being grown for experimental purposes, but ap- peared to be rare on this plant in other parts of the state. During the 1918 season, it was found on primrose at Nutley, N. J. Accord- ing to Mary C. Dickerson (Moths and Butterflies, 1901) the cater- pillars are three inches long and vary greatly in coloring and mark- ings. There appears to be two, kinds, one being yellowish green with a series of connected spots along each side of the back, each spot being colored crimson, yellow and black, the other being black with a yellow line down the middle of the back and yellow spots of various sizes along the sides. These two styles may vary in many ways. Pupation takes place in the soil, this stage hibernating.
The moth is a beautiful one, known as the White Lined Sphinx. Two broods occur, the first appearing during June and July and the second during the latter part of .\ugust and early in .September.
42 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^'o'- x.wiii.
Apantesis arge Dru.
Forbes (23d Rept. St. Ent. 111., 1905, p. 75) states that this is especially a southern species reported many years ago as destructive to Indian corn in the southern states. In addition to corn it is known to feed upon plantain, smartweed, dock, cactus, lamb's quar- ters and evening primrose. According to Forbes the species is double brooded, passing the winter in the latitude of Illinois as a partly grown larva and changing to a pupa in March and April of the following year. After a pupal period of 15 days the moths emerge and lay eggs until late in May. These hatch in 15 days, producing a second brood of caterpillars in the middle of June and the pupae from these are formed early in July. Late in July and early in August the moths appear after a 20-day pupal period and deposit eggs which in September produce the hibernating brood of caterpillars.
Smith (Insects of New Jersey, N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909) records it from Sussex to Cape May counties, reporting that Mr. Grossbeck found eggs at Paterson May 5, larvae from May 18 to June 20, feed- ing on grass, plantain, Chenopodhim, Polygonum and other low plants. Edwards (Bui. 35, U. S. Nat. Mus.) gives numerous refer- ences to this species and lists O. bieuiiis as the food plant.
Euthisanotia unio Hubn.
This species, known as the Pearl Wood-nymph, is also recorde4 as a feeder on evening primrose and grape, although Saunders (In- sects Injurious to Fruits, p. 261) states that the larva of this species closely resembles that of Euthisanotia grata, long known as a grape feeder, and that Dr. Fitch, who first announced grape as a food plant of E. unio, may have mistaken the larva of gi-ata for unio. Smith (Insects of New Jersey) states that E. tmio occurs through- out the state, locally, more or less abundant, June and July, the larvae being found on evening primrose and Epilohium. Beuten- muller (Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., V, March, 1890) furnished these food plants for Smith's List. Edwards (Bui. 35, U. S. Nat. Mus.) gives numerous references to this species and mentions vitis as the food plant.
March, 1920.] DicKERSOX & W'eISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 43
Phalonia oenotherana Riky.
This gayly colored member of the Tortricidce was described by Riley in 1881 (Tr. St. Louis Acad. Sci., IV, 316) from four speci- mens bred from CEnothcra in Missouri by Miss Murtfeldt. Smith (Ins. N. J.) lists it from Essex County, VII, 25 (Kf.), and Clemen- ton, IV, 30 (Haim.), together with the statement, "larva on evening primrose." In addition to these localities we have found it at Wood- bury. Highland Park, Hackensack, Riverton, Monmouth Junction, West End and Asbury Park. The larva lives in the tender, devel- oping, leafy tip of the stalk, pulling the small leaves together more or less.
Egg. — Not observed.
Full Grozvn Larva. — Length 6.8 mm. Width 1.7 mm. Light tawny yellow, not elongate, comparatively broad; surface finely shagreened; divisions between segments and transverse lines on dorsal surfaces of segments usually strongly impressed; each body segment bearing several, comparatively long hairs, with dark or light tuberculate bases; head similar in color to body except spot around which ocelli are clustered and apical portion which are darker (in some specimens entire head is dark brown) ; thoracic and anal plates brownish or light; each leg bearing several minute hairs.
Pupa. — Length 5.5 mm. Width 1.6 mm. Elliptical, chestnut brown.
Adult. — Phalonia a-notlicrana. Tlie following is the original de- scription by Riley: " ]\Iale and female. Expanse 9-10 mm. Basal half of primaries yellow, apical half rose-red. Head gxay. Thorax yellow, the patagia tipped with gray: primaries with the basal hall yellow, the costa and apical half rose-red, the yellow extending as a broad median emargination into the red ; the red portion more or less dotted or fasciate witli black shining scales, these scales not encroaching upon a central patch which contains a yellow spot of variable size; some abbreviated black and white costal streaks; pos- terior margin and fringes yellow, becoming gray at the anal angle ; secondaries and under surfaces fuscous; legs silvery, the tibi;c and tarsi mostly black or fuscous. Abdomen silvery-fuscous, paler be- neath ; ovipositor laterally compressed."
This species appears early in the season and evidently deposits eggs on the developing terminal leaves or heads. The larva? cat out
44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
a central cavity and pull the small leaves together. When full grown, about the last week in June, each constructs a rather dense, whitish cocoon and anchors it to a partly folded over section of a leaf, usually near the tip. Moths emerge during the last of June and first part of July and full-grown larvae are again in evidence during the last half of August.
About September 15 moths again appear and probably deposit eggs on the tips of the rosettes as Mr. West discovered at Hacken- sack, N. J., on November 5, very small, half-grown and several full- grown larvae at the bases of the young leaves in the centers of large rosettes. These leaves showed evidence of feeding and some of the larvae had webbed up the tender foliage somewhat. Others were encased in loosely spun cocoons in the fold of a leaf. It is thus evi- dent that overwintering takes place in the partly to full grown larval stages in the rosette.
On June 20 at Riverton, N. J., Crcmastus cpagoges Cush. (identi- fied by R. A. Cushman) was bred from the larva and on July 10 at the same locality Actia pilipcnnis Fall, (identified by J. M. Aldrich). At Red Bank, N. J., August 8, Tachniphyto ccnca Coq. (det. J. M. Aldrich) was bred from the larva.
Mompha eloisella Clem.
This is a common and widespread species which was described by Clemens in i860 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 171, i860). Winn (Lep. Quebec) lists it from Montreal VI (W.) and Rosemere VI (W:) in the pith of evening primrose. Smith (Insects of New Jer- sey) records it as occurring throughout New Jersey, the larva in the stalks of evening primrose throughout the winter and states that pupation takes place in late May, the adults issuing in June.
This is the most abundant of all the species of Mompha associated with the evening primrose and occurs at practically every place in New Jersey where its food plant grows. The larvae develop in the stems and overwinter in the dried stalks.
Egg. — Length, 0.41 mm. Width 0.27 mm. Oval, translucent, chorion with interrupted, somewhat irregular, longitudinal ridges.
Full Grozvii Larva. — Length 13 mm. Width 0.17 mm. Yellow- ish white ; elongate ; segmentation distinct ; constriction between seg- ments prominent; head light reddish brown, irregularly mottled;
March, 19-^0. J DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InsECTS. 45
each body segment bearing a few minute, fine hairs, the dorsal ones being equidistant, more prominent and forming a transverse row; hairs more niunerous on anal segment, head and legs; hooks of anal prolegs forming an apparently continuous, straight or slightly curved line.
Pupa. — Length 5.8 mm. ^^'idth 1.5 mm. Reddish-brown; seventh abdominal segment tuberculate laterally; last abdominal segment terminating in two ^orsally pointed tubercles, each of which bears a posteriorly pointed, smaller tubercle below it ; each abdominal seg- ment bears a couple of hairs on the side.
Adult. — Mompha eloiscUa. In Dyar's Catalogue, the following synonyms are noted: magnatclla Zeller, ccnotherccclla Chambers, and lyoncticlla Chambers. Clemens's description of this species follows: " Head, face and thorax silvery white, the latter spotted with black- ish. Labial palpi white with a dark brown spot on the middle of second joint and tw^o dark brown rings on the third one at the base and one at tip. Antennae tawny yellow, white at base. Forewings silvery white with a small tuft of tawny scales at the basal joint of the third fold and a larger patch of the same hue on the inner margin at the end of and above the fold. Between the tufts in an oblique dark brown costal streak nearly joined at an angle by another of the same hue in the middle of the w-ing and exterior to the first tuft is a blackish brown streak wdiich becomes diffuse behind the above while the apical portion of the costa midway between these latter is a rather faint dark spot. Cilia yellowish gray. Hind wings tawny grayish, cilia ochreous."
As has been stated, this species overwinters in the larval stage in cells in the stalks of evening primrose. Most of these cells are found in the main stem, but the side shoots which arise near the ground are often infested. The lateral shoots near the top or middle of the stem are evidently too small to afford suitable quarters. These cells occur in all parts of the main stem except the extreme tip and in most cases except the lower portion. The first twelve inches of stem above the ground and in some cases more is very often taken up with the channels, excrement, etc.. of Tylodcrma fovcolatum, which l)red there during the summer and as a rule cloisclla cells are scarce in this section.
The cells may be close together in a stem or far apart and the
46 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'"'- x.wiii.
number ranges from one or two to as many as thirty or more. Some- times the entire pith of the stem is taken up by them and each cell contains a larva. Only in rare cases have two been noted in a single cell. Cells varied in length from 9 to 30 mm., in the same stem and the width was 3.5 mm., this being the width of the pith. The width of the cells depends on the diameter of the pith as they are never found in the woody part. In one or two cases cells were found which occupied only one half of the diameter of the pith. The cells in side shoots are usually long because the diameters of such shoots are small and those of the pith comparatively smaller. Each cell consists of a cavity in the pith which is plugged at each end with what appears to consist of dark excrement-like material, in layers, closely packed together, each layer being intermixed with threads. The cell is usually but not always lined inside with a thin layer of silk.
The yellowish larvse in the stems varied considerably in size, some being rather small, but most of them appeared to be full grown or nearly so. Central stems, three and one half high, were found to contain larvee as follows: 2, i, 6, 2, 2, 3. Stems from four to five feet high housed the following: 4, 9, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 7, I, 7, 14, 20, 10, 8, 18, II, 8, 12, 16, 4, 9, 5, 8. In a few instances stems six feet long contained as many as thirty or more.
During April and May the larva spins a rather loose and roomy cocoon which fills a considerable portion of a small cell. After this is completed the larva cuts a circular hole through the wall of the upper part of the cell, usually close to the roof, almost to the out- side, leaving only the thin epidermis which is found on the outside of the stem. The large, loose, roomy cocoon connects with this cir- cular hole. After this the larva spins a compact, white, elongate cocoon in which it transforms, this cocoon also connecting at its upper end with the circular opening through the cell wall. These cocoons are usually placed more or less diagonally in the cells and are anchored to the large, loose cocoon by threads. Sometimes, however, the larger cocoon is absent.
Pupation takes place during the last of May and continues until the middle of June and in the central part of the state, the first moths emerged on June 4. In the northern part, however, pupation and emergence take place later. In fact, pupation and emergence take
March, 19^0.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 47
place during all of June and the first half of July. However, the moths which emerged on July 15 were in all probability stragglers as the majority appeared during June. The first eggs were noted on June 21,. Under laboratory conditions these were laid on the upper leaf surfaces and hatched in about one week. In the field they are probably deposited on the stems in addition to the leaves. After hatching the larva; enter the stem tissue and feed, making longi- tudinal cavities just under the bark and between the bark and pith. At this time the larva is greenish and except for the head, which is light brown, resembles the tissue in which it feeds. During the last of July and first of August and before they are full grown, they start to excavate the pith and construct a cell. By the time cool weather arrives, all are in their completed, hibernation cells at which time they are of a decidedly yellowish cblor.
The following parasites of eloisclla can be noted: Scambus inqnisitoriellus (Dalla Torre). Reared from larvae feeding
externally on cloisella larvae. (Hymen. Conn., p. 321.) Chcloniis laverncc Ash. Parasitic on Mompha eloisella (Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 612). Also bred from cloisella larvc-e, Riverton, N. J., June 12 (det. R. A. Cushman). Eiirytoma sp. Emerged March 22, New Brunswick, N. J., from cells
of eloisella. Numerous (det. R. A. Cushman). Epiurus pterophori Ash. Emerged from cells of eloisclla collected at Xew Brunswick and Morristown, N. J. Very abundant. Emerged in laboratory from middle of ]\Iarch to middle of April. Microbracon sp. from cloisella cells (det. Cushman). Pimpla inquisitor Say. According to Weed in Insect Life (Vol. 3, p. 275), the larva of this species is externally parasitic upon eloi- sclla larvse. At Lakehurst, X. J., on April 4, eloisella cells were collected which contained numerous clusters of the mite Pcdiculoidcs rcntri- cosits N. together with dried larval skins of cloisella. Later tlvie mite made its appearance in our breeding cages and killed many of the larv?c. (Mite det. by Dr. Nathan Banks.)
Mompha stellella Eusck.
This insect was described by Busck in 1906 (Canad. Ent., Vol. 38, p. 123) from Pennsylvania and District of Columbia specimens and
48 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xxviii.
the larvK recorded by him as feeding in the bases of the flowers of evening primrose. Winn (Lep. Quebec) states that it occurs at Montreal, Canada, September lo, the food of the larvae being the seed capsules of evening primrose. It is not recorded by Smith in his " Insects of New Jersey," and this seems strange in view of the fact that we have found this species to be generally distributed over New Jersey, the larvae living in the flower buds and causing them to swell conspicuously.
Egg. — Length 0.42 mm. Width 0.26 mm. Oval, yellowish- white, translucent, larva showing through transparent chorion which is apparently smooth.
Ftill Grown Larva. — Length 10 mm. Width 1.7 mm. Elongate, cylindrical, tapering slightly anteriorly and more so posteriorly. Ground color light yellow. All body segments broadly, transversely banded with pink, this band being not so apparent on anterior seg- ments because of it being more diffused. Pink coloration varies considerably and in some specimens is barely visible so that the larva has a light creamy-yellow appearance. Head brown, somewhat mot- tled and variable in intensity, dark around the margins. Ocelli lat- eral, six in number, grouped around a dark center. Head and each body segment bears a few minute hairs, some of which are arranged in a more or less transverse row. Head bears several long hairs. Cervical shield brown, covering much of middle portion of dorsal surface of prothorax, front margin straight, posterior margin rounded, divided longitudinally in center.
Pupa. — Length 5.5 mm. Width 1.6 mm. Elliptical, smooth, chestnut-brown.
Adult. — Mompha stellella. Busck's description follows: "An- tennae unicolored, dark brown. Labial palpi whitish ochreous, sprinkled with black scales and with a black annulation just before the tip of terminal joint. Face silvery white. Head and thorax light ochreous, mottled with brown and black scales, costal edge evenly mottled with black and entire aprcal part of .wing sprinkled with sparse black scales, two oblique, ill-defined and indistinct shades of light brown stretch across the wing, one from the base, the other from the middle of costa. There are six tufts of raised ochreous scales in two longitudinal rows, one through the middle of the wing, the other below the fold. The central of the latter tufts which is
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 4I>
found just before the tornus is the largest of them and is terminated by and followed by intense black scales, the most conspicuous mark- ing on the rather evenly mottled wing. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous, mottled with black. Alar expanse 11-12 mm. ... It is nearest and quite similar to the other (Enothcra feeder, Mompha hrevivitella Clemens, but lacks the longitudinal black streaks on the fore-wings and is at once recognized by the black tornal patch."
This species appears when the green flower buds have just started to develop and deposits eggs on them and on the tips of the small leaves surrounding the buds. The larvae feed on the outside for a short time and then enter the buds. Larv3e were found in buds rang- ing in size or rather length from 3 to 9 mm. The first feeding inside the bud is near the tip. but the larva soon works downward and feeds on the style and stigma, the stamens and the inner folded parts of the petals. As a result, the bud swells. As development con- tinues, the upper portion of the swollen, closed bud becomes filled with excrement. Sometimes the inner part of the green calyx is eaten out. As a rule, a bud contains only one larva.
When full grown, the larva cuts a small round hole about i mm. in diameter in one side of the bud and crawls out, finally dropping to the ground where it constructs an elongate, white cocoon, either on top of or slightly beneath the surface. Particles qf soil, etc., are fastened and adhere to the outer surface so that the cocoon is effec- tively hidden.
i^ull-grown larvx can be found in Xew Jersey during the last half of July and most of August, but during the last of August they become scarce, having left many of the buds by this time. During the last half of August and first part of September, the pupae are plentiful and the adults issue from the middle of August to the middle of September, a few stragglers even emerging as late as the first few days of October. Part of the brood may overwinter in the cocoons.
On August 27, adults of Bassiis gibbosus (Say) and Microbracon vicllitor (Say) (det. R. A. Cushman) were bred from larvae collected at Riverton, N. J., both being larval parasites of stellclla. On sev- eral occasions adults of .1/. mcllitor were observed ovipositing in the buds of primrose.
50 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xxviii.
Mompha circumscriptella Zell.
This species was described by Zeller from Texas specimens in 1873 (Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., xxiii, 312, 1873). Chambers (Can. Ent., X, 239, 1878) writes of Texas specimens having been received from Miss Murtfeldt, who informed him that the larvae fed upon the immature seeds of (Enothera and pupated within the capsules. Smith (Ins. N. J.) records it from Anglesea, N. J., August 30, rare, the larva in the seed capsules of evening primrose.
The species is really not so rare in New Jersey provided one looks for it. We have found it occurring at New Brunswick, Bound Brook and Egg Harbor. The larva lives in the seed capsules, con- fining its feeding to the seeds in a few of the compartments and destroying only from one fourth to one third of the seeds in a single capsule.
Egg. — Not observed.
Full Grozvn Larva. — Length 5.7 mm. Width i mm. Subcylin- drical ; whitish; head dark brown; on either side of front of head is a light band, meeting on apex; ocelli lateral near ventral margin of head, seven, arranged in a ring; each segment beginning laterad of the ventral surface bears a row of fine hairs, equidistant but not in a straight line ; on head, first body segment and legs are several fine hairs; in partly grown larvae last body segment shows a dorsal, dark anal plate which is lighter and hardly apparent in older larvse.
Pupa. — Length 3.8 mm. Width i.i mm. Shape similar to that of other micro-pupae ; reddish-brown with middle portion of abdo- men slightly lighter ; dorsal surface of anal segment bears two mi- nute tubercles.
Adult. — Mompha circumscriptella. Chambers (Can. Ent., X, 239, 1878), in writing of this species, gives the following description and remarks : " I have not seen Prof. Zeller's specimens, but I have received from Miss Murtfeldt specimens which, with the aid of Prof. Zeller's figure and description, I recognize without difficulty as belonging to this species. The thorax, head and palpi are white, except that the basal part of the second joint of the palpi is stained with brownish. The fore wings are of a pale grayish ochreous, with the dorsal margin from the base nearly to the middle snowy white, the white crossing the fold at the base, and further back again crossing the fold and reaching almost to the costal margin ; it is
March, 19^0.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVEXING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 51
margined behind by two small tufts of raised brown scales, as repre- sented in Zeller's figures, and there is another one on the costa not represented in the figure, which again has a minute brown spot in the white at about the basal fourth, which I do not find in my speci- mens. The figure also gives a very distinct white streak which leaves the white of the dorsal margin at the fold and curves to the costal margin before the cilioe; this streak is absent in one of my specimens and much less distinct in the other than it is in the figure. There is a black speck at the hinder angles (indistinct in my speci- mens) and the apex is dusted indistinctly with brown. Al. ex. 5^ lines."
It is not known just how this species passes the winter nor how early it appears in New Jersey. On August 4, primrose seed cap- sules collected at Egg Harbor, N. J., which is in the southern part of the state, were found to contain small and medium sized larvae. These appeared to have entered the seed capsule at its distal end in the depressed part, although from the character of the injury it seemed as if some had entered the base of the capsule close to the stem.
Some capsules contained two larvae, but one was the rule. In most cases the larva had confined its attention to the immature seeds in only one or two compartments, such compartments being filled with partly eaten seeds and excrement. Upon reaching maturity, which takes place usually during the last three weeks of August, the larva spins a whitish, elongate cocoon within the capsule compart- ment where it has been feeding, attaching the upper end to the inner side of the outer wall. These cocoons are covered with reddish- brown particles of excrement and are somewhat cigar-shaped. Either after or before spinning the cocoon the larva cuts a circular hole almost to the outside of the capsule. This opening leads to the upper end of the cocoon which is fastened over it and is covered only with a thin film of tissue, which breaks readily and allows the pupa to protrude slightly so as to facilitate the emergence of the adult.
The exit holes are usually found in the upper half of the seed capsules. From material collected in the southern part of the state we secured adults from the seventh to the last of August. It is likely that all of the moths emerge before cool weather because many of the seed capsules split during Septeml)er and October and allow
52 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii.
the seeds to fall. Numerous seed capsules examined during the win- ter were found to contain only the empty cocoons and pupal shells. From this it appears that the adults hibernate. In the spring and early summer, no trace of this species was found. Its habits prior to the appearance of the seed capsules are therefore unknown to us. It is quite probable that the first brood develops in the immature flower buds.
A species of Microhracon, which Mr. Cushman states requires further study, was bred from the dry seed capsule.
Other Species of Mompha Associated with Evening Primrose.
Mompha brevivittella Clem.
syn. ccnotherivorella Chambers, syn. (rnotheraseininella Chambers.
Chambers described this species in 1864 in the genus Wilsonia (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 11. '428. 1864). Smith (Ins. N. J.) lists it from Lucaston, October 18 (Dke.), and states that the larva lives in the seed capsules of evening primrose, also that the species is probably generally distributed. According to Dyar's Catalogue it occurs in the Atlantic States.
In our work with primrose insects this species was bred from seed capsules collected at Rutherford, Oradell, Tenafly and Spring- field, N. J., the adults issuing during the last of August and first part of September.
Mompha murtfeldtella Chambers.
syn. albocapitella Cham, syn. grisscrella, Cham, syn. obscurusella Cham, syn. parvicristafella Cham.
This was described by Chambers in 1875 (Cinn. Quar. Jn. Sci., Vol. II, p. 237) from a specimen received from Professor Riley and Miss Murtfeldt. In the Canadian Entomologist for 1879, Vol. XI, p. 6, Chambers gives the following information about the habits of this species: "Miss Murtfeldt favors me with the following notes upon the larva of this species : Feeds upon the flowers of Oenotheras both wild and cultivated and is especially destructive to O. viissouri- ensis. Eggs laid singly on sticky surface of calyx and larvae as soon
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVEXIXG PrIMROSE IxSECTS. 53
as hatched make their way to the center of the bud and feed on petals and stamens. Full grown larva is about one quarter of an inch in length, cylindrical, tapering slightly posteriorly and anteriorly. When young it is of a dull, brownish green color, gradually assuming a reddish tint until at maturity the sides are of a deep dull pink arranged in wavy shaded stripes, which are more intense on the sub- dorsal spaces. Head oblique, round, pale glossy grayish brown with the dark brown mandibles and the triangular face outlined with the same color. Cervical collar entirely covering top of first segment, of glossy dark grayish brown marked on dorsum with a narrow but distinct longitudinal line of white. Anal plate brown and horny. Legs and prolegs well developed. Pupates in dense, tough yellowish cocoon on the surface of the ground. Moths issue in about ten days. There are at least two distinct broods in a season, the second of which hibernates in cocoons."
We did not find this species in New Jersey and Mr. August Busck suggests that it may not occur this far north.
COLEOPTERA.
Tyloderma foveolata Say.
Of the insects associated with the evening primrose, the weevil Tyloderma foveolata Say is one of the commonest and most widely distributed. This species was described by Say in 1831 (Desc. N. A. Cure, p. 19, Lee, ed. I, p. 284), since when its occurrence on the evening primrose has been recorded at various times. Webster briefly mentions (Ins. Life, Vol. 2, p. 11, 1890) the habits of the insect especially in regard to oviposition while Girault (Ent. News, Vol. XXII, p. 112, 191 1 ) gave a further and more detailed account of the insect as he observed it in Illinois. The writers have had it under observation in New Jersey for the past few years and the account here given is a result of their observations as well as those in the papers noted.
The species is widely distributed in the eastern part of the coun- try. Blatchley and Leng (Rhyn. N. E. Amer., 19 16) state that it " ranges from New England to Nebraska and south to Florida." Smith (Ins. N. J. St. Mus. Rept., 1909) reports it as occurring throughout New Jersey, May, June, and in our observations wc have found it to be more or less common wherever the primrose grows.
It is said to breed in willow herb {Epilobium sp.) as well as the
54 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
evening primrose although we have no definite records nor have we observed this plant to be infested with it. All of our observations have been made on the evening primrose. The insect hibernates as an adult, both sexes living through the wnnter, as, the beetles have been noted in copulation during the spring and early summer. Blatchley and Leng (loc. cit.) state that it hibernates beneath boards and rubbish and Mr. Stafford obtained two specimens while sifting material in the grass along the edge of a peach orchard at Vineland, N. J., March i.
As soon as the weather becomes sufficiently warm in the spring the insects leave their hibernation quarters and after feeding and mating, the females oviposit. Most of the egg punctures occur on the main stem of the plant, but a number of them may be found on the branches. The number occurring on this latter place depends on the size of the plant and the amount of oviposition. The seed capsules also serve as a place for oviposition at times and even the underside of the leaf petiole is utilized although it is questionable whether any of the eggs located in the latter situation produce adults.
The egg scar consists of an oval area of which the surface tissue at both ends has been pulled back in fine strips and pressed down over the egg which is located in a cavity at the center of the scar. These threads or strips are of a considerable number. They are not drawn back parallel with the stem but some are drawn more or less .laterally. Gradually they dry and as fine particles of dirt collect on them, they become dark in color. The scars, especially those located on the lower part of the stem, gradually change their appearance, as the stem grows, becoming more or less rounded ; the surface in some cases becomes split above and below and ridged on both sides of the scar and the covering of matted threads becomes loose and falls off.
These scars may vary from 5 to 8 mm. long and from 3 to 8 mm. wide. Measurements of seventeen scars gave an average of 7 mm. long by 5.7 mm. wide. The egg cavity has a diameter of approxi- mately 1.5 mm. The insects has been observed ovipositing on more than one occasion and Girault (loc. cit.) has also noted it. The fol- lowing observation made at Trenton, N. J., June 18, will give an idea of the modus operandi.
A female unaccompanied by a male was noted in the act of ovi- position on the stem. Part of the egg cavity had been eaten out
March, 19^0.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EvEXIXG PRIMRUSE IxSECTS. 55
when the insect was first ohserved. Tlie insect was facing upward with its feet well braced and continued the work of excavating the cavity for about five minutes. Having completed this operation, it reversed its position so that the tip of the abdomen fitted in the cavity, spent about a minute in depositing the tgg and then again reversed its position and assumed one similar to that which it main- tained in making the cavity except that now the cavity was more nearly under the center of its body. Having resumed its position, the beetle reached forward as far as it conveniently could without moving its legs and began tearing minute strips of tissue one after another from the surface, pulling them back over the cavity and con- tained egg and pressing them down. The first few strips were en- tively removed and pushed into the cavity over and about the egg. After continuing in this operation for about ten minutes with the result that a number of the minute strips had beeit turned back over the egg cavity and a half -oval space marked off above the egg punc- ture, the beetle again faced about and assuming a like position began tearing up strips from below the egg puncture and folding them back over it. This it continued for thirty minutes with the result that a number of strips had been folded back and the oval completed below the puncture. Then assuming its previous position, it renewed the operation of tearing up and folding back the strips above the egg cavity and continued this for some 25 minutes and finally very briefly pressed down and smoothed over the whole mass. The whole operation thus occupied more than 75 minutes.
As oviposition occurs over a considerable period it results that some plants become pretty well covered with egg scars. As a rule the lowest placed eggs are the earliest laid, while the upper part of the stem is more apt to be free from punctures, but there are excep- tions. The following records will give an idea of the amount of infestation. The stems were collected at Trenton, X. T.. Tunc 28.
Averages
Tot.^1 Stem (in Inch( |
Lee :s). |
igth |
Length of Part Punctures ( in |
Bearing Inches). |
Number of Punctures. |
|
21 |
IS |
44 |
||||
26 |
19 |
70 |
||||
29 |
25 |
82 |
||||
29 |
18 |
25 |
||||
23 |
20 |
44 |
||||
30 |
22 |
44 |
||||
fes.. . .26 |
19 |
51 |
56
Journal New York Entomological Society. t^oL xxviii.
Again on July 13, at Trenton, N. J., the following conditions were noted:
Number of ictures.
93
42
67
87 55
Total Stem Length (in Inches). |
Length of Part Bearing Punctures (in Inches). |
Nu Pui |
|
42 |
32 |
||
20 |
13 |
||
28 |
22 |
||
27 |
23 |
||
42 |
32 |
||
Averages.. . .32 |
24 |
||
Other plants were in |
ifested |
as follows : |
|
Length of Plant (in Inches). |
Number of Punctures. |
||
27 |
84 |
||
42 |
55 |
||
42 |
93 |
||
' 44 |
183 |
||
48 |
152 |
Girault records one plant as having 267 punctures and another 115.
In the course of a few days the larva hatches from the ^%%, eats its way in the woody portion toward the pith which it soon enters and there develops. The larva migrates little if any but simply eats out an irregularly oval place in the pith and gradually becomes more or less surrounded with the dark excrernent and other material and it is in this chamber that pupation takes place. By late July pup?e may be found in some of the earlier infested stems. Pupation is of short duration and in early August adults may be observed in some infested plants. These are as usual white at first. They gradually darken and soon the adult emerges through a circular exit hole cut through the side of the stem near the pupal chamber. The descrip- tions of the different stages follow.
Egg. — " Length .80 mm., width .65 mm. Short oval to oval ; sur- face covered with a grayish deciduous substance not unlike a cover- ing of thin sugar and which is opaque and without sculpture. When this is rubbed ofif, the surface of the t.g% is polished yellow, with no marked sculpture but slightly coriaceous or like the surface of some leathers. Soft, pliable, easily crushed. Inconspicuous. General color grayish yellow; when seen i^i natural position the upper side (and also the lower) is slightly flattened. Deposited singly. When ex-
^farch, i9::o.] DiCKERSON & WeISS I EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 57
amined with transmitted light the egg is liquid yellow or amber opaque centrally; this color persists until hatching. The pruinose coating is easily removed by gently rolling the eggs between the fingers. The micropyle is not conspicuous" (Girault).
Fiill-Grozvn Larva. — Length 7 to 8 mm. Width 2.2 mm. Typical curculio-shaped, creamy white ; head small, brownish, mouth parts darker ; body strongly convex above, somewhat flattened beneath ; skin transversely wrinkled; apodous; hairs on head and body short, sparse; thoracic ambulatory tubercles present.
Pupa. — Length 6.5 mm. Width 2.1 mm. Creamy white; head and thorax bearing a few hairs with pronounced tuberculate bases; dorsal surface of each abdominal segment bears a transverse row of few hairs; tuberculate bases of hairs l)ecome larger toward anal segment ; body terminated by two parallel spines.
Adult. — Tyloderma foz'colato. The following is the original de- scription: "Body black, with dilated punctures; head with dense, small punctures, a frontal indentation, and a yellow spot ; rostrum robust, moderately arcuated, punctured like the head; antennae jointed; first joint hardly reaching the eyes; thorax with three small" yellowish spots and one before; elytra with regular series of large quadrate punctures; several small yellowish spots and a large, irregu- lar one behind; feet unarmed. Length less than one fiftli of an inch."
The adults vary much in size and sculpture, the punctures of the elytra sometimes being in regular rows and again very unevenly distributed.
As has been indicated the development of the insect is very ir- regular, oviposition beginning in May and continuing well through July, while pupae were noted in some stems on September 11. The irregularity of development is well shown by the records obtained from some stems examined on June 29. which are as follows : At Woodstown, N. J., 5 small larva?. 8 medium-sized larvse, 8 large larvie, i parasitic cocoon were found. At Springfield, N. J., on August 18 the following record was obtained: 4 small larvas, 2 medium-sized larvae, 17 large larvae, 10 pupas, 5 adults, 5 exit holes from which adults had emerged, 4 parasitic larvae, 4 parasitic pupae. It is also worth noting that no apparent injury is done to the prim- roses by the beetles even when the infestation is severe. Infested plants grow and flower more or less like uninfested ones.
58 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- >^>iviii
Another interesting point is that there are as a rule many more egg punctures in a stem than will be adults developing from that stem. For example on a stem examined July 29, of 85 egg punc- tures, over half contained collapsed eggs or nothing. This is due in part to parasitism, but there is also some other factor concerned. Girault has described a species which he bred from the egg of Tylo- dcrma foveolata, known as Anaphoidea sorditata Gir. (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVII, p. 169, 1909). We have obtained this species from eggs collected at Woodstown and several localities in the northern part of New Jersey during June and July.
In addition to the egg parasites there are also several species attacking the larvae. Pierce (Bui. 73, Bui. 100, U. S. Bur. Ent., 1908, 1912) has recorded several parasites of this species. He states: "It is highly parasitized by Neocatalaccus tylodermce, Urosigalphus sp., Cerambycobius cyaniceps, Eurytoma tylodermatis, Microbracon mellitor, and Sigalphus curctdionis. The four last species are also parasites of the boll weevil. At Trenton, N. J., on September 7, we bred A^. tyloderma from stems of primrose infested by Tyloderma foveolata."
The parasites infest the larvae in the burrows. On several occa- sions we have observed the parasitized larvae and parasitic cocoons in the burrows as late as November. From these, adults have been secured later. From this it appears that the parasites pass the winter as pupae in the burrows and emerge the following spring.
Acanthoscelis acephalus Say.
This species has long been known as a frequenter of evening primrose and as a feeder in the axils of the leaves. Hamilton credits it to Polygonum, especially P. hydropiper, but it is extremely similar to Acanthoscelis curtus which lives on Polygonum, there is here a possibility of error. It ranges according to Blatchley and Leng (Rhyn. N. E. Amer.) from Canada and New England to Michigan, Colorado and Kansas south to Georgia. It is frequent throughout Indiana, May 23 to August 2, on evening primrose. Smith (Ins. N. J.) records it as common all along the shore of New Jersey from May to September on the same plant. As a matter of fact it is quite common all over the southern half of the state and occurs more or less abundantly at such inland places as New Brunswick, Riverton,
March, 1920.] DiCKF.RSOX & W'kISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 59
Princeton, etc. Early in the season the adult appears to prefer feed- ing in the axils of the leaves, hut later it will he found in addition on the developing flower huds and floUcrs. The larval stage is passed in the developing flower huds.
Egg. — From dissected female. Length 0.65 mm. Width 0.2 mm. Yellowi.sli white or light with slight yellow tinge; glistening; elon- gate, hroadly rounded at hoth ends, one end slightly narrower than the other.
Full Grozi'ii Larva. — Lengtli 6 mm. Width 1.9 mm. Typical curculio-shaped form; creamy white; head reddish-hrown, posterior portion of top and sides darker, anterior portion of lahrum and man- dibles brownish hlack ; dorsal surface strongly convex ; ventral sur- face weakly, concave ; head and hody hearing several minute hairs ; body surface minutely shagreened. Young larva more strongly curved than older one and somewhat lighter in color.
Pupa. — Length 3 mm. Width 2.1 mm. Whitish or creamy white; elytra and wings extend strongly ventrally and posteriorly, the wings extending beyond elytra and approaching each other on the ventral surface. The doubled up femur and tibia of the middle leg extends laterally well over the wing pad and the posterior one extends be- neath and beyond. A pair of well separated and prominent, com- paratively long spine-like iiairs with tuberculate bases is borne be- tween the eyes; anterior to this pair is another pair; anterior margin of prothorax bears a median pair and another pair lateral to it ; me- dian dorsal portion of prothorax bears a transverse row of four hairs; a pair of median separated hairs arises toward posterior mar- gin of prothorax and also a pair lateral to these and closer to the posterior margin ; between these on the posterior margin is a single hair. Each femoral-tibial joint bears a pair of hairs.
Adult. — AcantJioscelis accphalus. This was described by Say in 1824 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., IV, p. 309; Lee. ed. II, 173) whose original description follows: "Blackish, spotted with cinereous; tho- rax with an impressed line, an obtuse tubercle on each side.
" Inhabits the United States.
" Body covered with short robust hairs or scales, brownish-black, spotted and varied with cinereous, imbricate ; head, when at rest, com- pletely retracted within the thorax, somewhat retuse between the eyes; thorax anterior margin abruptly contracted into a collar; posterior
60 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxviii.
edge minutely dentate; an impressed longitudinal line becoming canaliculate towards the scutel ; an obsolete, obtuse tubercle each side of the middle ; elytra striate ; striae with scales concealing the punctures, interstitial lines with elevated and acute points partially concealed by the scales ; tip rounded and piceous on the edge ; anp.1 segment black; feet rufous; thighs mutic.
" Var. a. A common double abbreviated line at the base of the suture.
" Length more than one tenth of an inch.
" The variety occurs in Pennsylvania. A different species, which I have named 4-spinosus inhabits this State, remarkable for its simi- larity to the accphaliis, but it may be immediately distinguished by the armature of two upright spines on the anterior edge of the tho- rax. (Belongs Caiiodes. Lee.)"
In New Jersey the overwintering weevils appear during May and frequent the axils of the leaves where they feed. An examination of the small leaves at this time will show small notches where the tissue was consumed. These notches become intensified as the injured leaves develop. Later in the season when the flower buds are devel- oping, eggs are evidently deposited. As a rule a bud contains only one larva, rarely two. The larva feeds on the immature floral parts until full grown, when it leaves the bud, drops to the soil which it enters to a depth of about one half inch and pupates, this stage requiring about ten or twelve days. Infested buds do not show any outward indication of infestation except perhaps a very slight swell- ing. Full-grown larvae appear to be most plentiful from the middle of July on through to the last of August and during the last of August and first week of September adults appear in numbers and feed on the developing heads of the plants, later going into hiber- nation.
Adults, however, can be found throughout the entire season, part of these undoubtedly being the overwintering ones which persist for a long time, others being those which have developed from the first laid eggs and the remainder being later members and stragglers of this brood. In many instances it was noted that partly or slightly eaten buds opened and the larva would be found attached to the expanded petal. The larva was found to be parasitized by a small hyrnenopterous larva which we were unsuccessful in breeding to the adult stage.
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EvEXIXG PrIMROSE IxSECTS. 61
Haltica marevagans Horn.
This blue flea beetle occurs throughout New Jersey but is most abundant in the southern part. It feeds during both larval and adult stages on the foliage of primroses, skeletonizing the leaves from either the upper or lower surfaces.
Egg. — Length 1.2 mm. Width 0.4 mm. Subcylindrical, obtusely rounded at both ends. Color buff when first laid, becoming darker yellow and finally orange yellow just before hatching. Many eggs streaked lengthwise with a thin line of dark excrement. Outer sur- face of chorion sculptured with slight subcircular, contiguous de- pressions with slightly tuberculate elevations between them.
Full Grown Larva. — Length 5.8 mm. Width 1.7 mm. Ground color olive to dark olive, which with dark tubercles cause some larvae to appear almost black. Subcylindrical, somewhat flattened ven- trally, tapering at both ends. Body surface finely shagreened, bear- ing many tuberculous spots of varying shapes and sizes, som". of which bear one and others two bluntly tipped hairs. Antennae short. Head rounded, lobes moderately constricted posteriorly; front with a median, shallow depression. Color shining black except for a narrow lateral spot including and dorsal to each antenna. Head bearing several hairs on front and sides. Thoracic plate covering dorsal surface of prothorax which bears a single lateral spot. Tho- racic plate is of same ground color as other tuberculous spots. Fine median line divides thoracic plate and continues through median, dorsal tuberculous spots of meso- and metathorax. Median dorsal spots of meso- and metathorax similar to those of abdominal seg- ments. Lateral to each of these is a single spot of which the pos- terior one is much the larger. Below these spots is a longitudinally elongated, spiracular spot and below this a pair of spots. Each abdominal segment beginning with the first bears two transversely elongated, median, dorsal spots placed one behind the other, of which the anterior is the longer. Lateral to each of these on each side are two somewhat more circular spots thus forming two transverse rows of tuberculous spots on the dorsal surface. Below this double row on either side is a tuberculous spot containing the spiracle, below which are two other spots arranged transversely. On the last ab- dominal segment, the spots are united so as to form single dorsal and ventral spots. On each ventral abdominal segment is an elon-
62 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^oi. xxviii.
gated, median, transverse spot posterior and lateral to which is a single spot. Ventral spots of thoracic segments similar to those of abdomen except that the median spot is rounded and that of the prothorax is confluent with the two others forming an irregular one. Outer portions of legs dark brown except for apical portions of femora which are light; inner surfaces lighter. Newly hatched larvae are somewhat lighter in color than mature ones. The same spots are apparently present but are not clearly defined and appear more confluent.
Pupa. — Length 3.9 mm. Width 1.75 mm. Light yellow. Sur- face bearing several acutely pointed spine-like hairs arising from minute, darkened tubercles and arranged as follows : Head bears one at base of each antenna; one at outer margin of each eye and one posterior and medianly to this. Prothorax bears a pair on anterior margin on both sides of middle; three on outer angle of lateral margin and a pair of somewhat separated ones on posterior margin near lateral margin; also a median dorsal pair. Meso- and metathorax bear a single one toward lateral margin. Each abdomi- nal segment bears on its posterior margin a transverse, dorsal row of six spine-like hairs (on some segments several of these hairs appear to be missing). Spiracles dorsal, prominent, near lateral margin of each abdominal segment beyond which is a single hair. Extremity of abdomen terminating in a pair of short stout spines. Apices of all femora bear a pair of hairs.
Aditlt. — Haltica marevagans. This was described by Horn in 1889 in his paper, "A Synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America" (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVI, p. 226) and his description fol- lows : " Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, deep blue, rarely slightly greenish, shining. Antenut'e half as long as the body, ob- viously thicker externally, piceous, bluish at base, joint four dis- tinctly longer than third and equal to fifth. Head smooth, frontal carina scarcely prominent, the tubercles flat and indistinct. Thorax more than half wider than long, sides arcuately narrowed to the front, margin very narrow, slightly thickened at front angles, disc convex, ante-basal impression extremely indistinct, often obliterated, surface sparsely, finely punctate near the base, an oblique series of coarser punctures beginning at the front angles. Elytra a little wider at base than the thorax, humeri rounded, umbone feeble, a
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 63
slight flattening within it, surface finely, but very indistinctly punc- tate, not closely, smoother near the apex. Body beneath and legs colored as above; abdomen coarsely, not closely punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm,
" The last ventral of the male has a very distinct sinuation each side, the middle lobe flat, with a deep longitudinal impression ex- tending over half the segment and ending abruptly. In most of the collections examined this species is labelled foliacea, from which it differs in form, sculpture and male characters. Occurs along the sea-coast region from Florida to New Jersey, and probably farther north."
In Xew Jersey the beetles appear during the first part of June and deposit eggs on the leaves of primrose. As a rule these are placed on the lower surface in groups of two or three, although in some few cases as many as twelve were noted in one batch. In a few instances eggs were found on the stems. The eggs are laid on their sides and glued to each other and to the leaf. They hatch in about one week and the larvae skeletonize the leaves usually from the under surfaces. When full grown they enter the soil in which they pupate, constructing small cells for this purpose about one half inch below the surface.
During the last of July adults appear and eggs are again depos- ited during the first of August. The second brood of larvae feed mostly on the leaves but many of those which mature late are found feeding on the small flower buds and even on the green seed cap- sules. These become full grown about the last of August and then pupate, about two weeks being required for this stage, the hiber- nating brood of beetles appearing about the middle of September. On account of the overlapping of the two broods adults can be found throughout the state from June through September. In view of the fact that some beetles were found in the pupal cells in the soil during the last half of September, it is quite probable that some over- winter in such places.
Haltica fuscoaenea Mcls. , ' '
This species is another flea beetle which appears to confine its attacks to evening primrose. It occurs in various parts of Xew Jersey but is especially abundant in the southern part. Its method
64 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
of feeding and habits are similar to those of marevagans and very often the foliage is completely riddled.
Egg. — Length 0.7 mm. Width 0.21 mm. Except for its smaller size it is similar to the egg of Haltica marevagans.
Full Grown Larva. — Length 4.5 mm. Width i mm. Somewhat like that of H. marevagans in general appearance and number and arrangement of tuberculous spots. However, the following differ- ences are to be noted: the larva is smaller; shagreening is finer; ground color is lighter, being yellowish green; the spots also are of a lighter brown and differ in some cases in outline; the spiracular spot is closer to the two dorsal lateral spots above it and more in be- tween them; when the spot below the spiracular spot is compared with the spiracular spot, a greater difference in size will be found in fuscocenea than in marevagans; the median line dividing thoracic plates and median thoracic spots is wider in fuscoccenea than in marevagans.
Pupa. — Length 2.8 mm. Width 1.4 mm. Light yellow; smaller than that of marevagans; spine-like hairs on head similar to those of marevagans; prothorax bears a single spine-like hair on posterior margin instead of a pair as in marevagans and a dorsal pair anterior to median, dorsal pair; meso- and metathorax bears a pair of median ones and a single one each side of these ; abdominal hairs placed similar to those of marevagans; extremity of abdomen terminating in a pair of stout spines which are more elongate than those of mare- vagans and slightly incurved at the tips.
Adult. — Haltica fuscocrnea. This was described by Melsheimer in 1847 (Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 165). The following re- description is by Horn (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVI, p. 229) : " Oblong oval, moderately shining, olivaceous green, antennse and legs rufotestaceous. Antennse a little longer than half the body, joints 2-3-4 gradually increasing in length. Head finely alutaceous, a faint transverse groove between the eyes in which are a few indis- tinct punctures, frontal carina broad and obtuse, the tubercles small. Thorax transversely subquadrate, very little wider than long, not narrower at apex than base, sides very feebly arcuate, margin very narrow, slightly thickened at the front angles, disc convex, the ante- basal impression fine, but moderately deep, extending nearly from side to side, surface finely alutaceous and with very minute sparse
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. (JO
punctures. Elytra not wider at base than the thorax, humeri broadly rounded, umbone not distinct, surface distinctly sparsely punctate near the base, smoother at apex. Body beneath piceous with icneous luster; abdomen sparsely punctate. Legs rufotestaceous, the poste- rior femora piceous with jeneous surface luster. Length .12-. 14 inch; 3-3.5 mm.
" In the male the last ventral is truncate at middle, a slight sinua- tion on each side, the middle at apex flattened, the edge slightly re- flexed. This species has rather the habitus of a ChcFtocnoita than Haltica in general. The nearly square thorax, together with the pale antennae and legs v\^ill enable it to be distinguished from polita and all the others of the genus. Occurs from ISIassachusetts to Georgia."
In New Jersey it occurs from ]\Iay to September and according to Smith (Ins. N.J.) it is especially common on evening primrose along the shore. However, we have found it also common as far inland as the Delaware River in the southern part of the state. It is notably scarcer, however, in the northern sections.
In the southern counties it appears during the first w'eek of ]\Iay and deposits eggs on the foliage of primrose, usually on the lower surfaces. These are placed as a rule in groups of two or three. The eggs are yellow and covered with a whitish envelope which some- times cracks and falls off. A similar covering is present on the eggs of viarevagans. The life-history in fact appears to be like that of marcvagans. About six weeks are necessary for a complete life cycle. Adults appear about the first of Alay. About the middle of June and again during the first week of August adults appear in numbers. Eggs are again laid at this time and the larvae when full grown enter the soil and pupate. The evidence at present points to the winter being passed in this stage. During the summer pupation requires about ten days.
Other Primrose Feeders. Agallia sanguinolenta Prov.
On July 15 at Lakehurst, N. J., nymphs and adults of this leaf- hopper were observed on evening primrose. It is known as the clover leaf-hopper and usually confines its attacks to clover, alfalfa, cowpeas and vetch. However, it is common in meadow and pasture
66 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii.
lands and feeds on a number of cultivated and native grasses. Its occurrence on primrose at only a single locality in New Jersey prob- ably indicates an accidental infestation due perhaps to the absence of its favorite food plants. This species and its control have been covered by Mr. E. H. Gibson in a recent Farmers' Bulletin (Bui. 737, U. S. D. A.).
Thecodiplosis zauschneriae Felt.
Rosette galls on the heads of several plants Were noted at Mon- mouth Junction, N. J., on July lo and itonid larvee presumably of this' species were taken from the bases of the leaves of the rosette, eight in one head and five in another. In no other locality were such rosette galls found. T. zanschneria: was described by Felt in 1912 (JouRN. N. Y./Ent, Soc, 20: 146-56).
Plant Lice.
According to the '' Food Plant Catalogue of Aphididse of World," Part V, by Dr. Edith M. Patch (Me. Ag. Exp. Sta. Bui. 270, 1918) the following species are listed under CEnothera biennis L.
Aphis gossypii Glover. Aphis cenotherce Oestlund. Myzus biennis Sanborn. Myzus cenotherce Williams. Pemphigus cenotherce Williams. Siphonophora sp. Williams.
In New Jersey we have noted Aphis ocnotherce Oest, (det. Dr. C. P. Gillette and L. C. Bragg) early in the season in large numbers on primrose leaves and stems. Later in the' season MacrosipJium gaiircs Will. (det. C. P. Gillette and L. C. Bragg) occurred abundantly on the stems and green seed pods. At Riverton, N. J., July 2, Paragus tibialis was bred from larvae feeding on plant lice infesting ■ primrose. A number of lady-bird beetles were noted in connection with aphis infestations and these are treated under the list of Coleoptera.
Miscellaneous Species Found on Evening Primroses.
Unless otherwise noted the insects named in the following lists
were taken on the foliage of evening primrose. The few records
from outside sources are followed by the references. It is realized
of course that many of the species mentioned have no direct asso-
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & WeISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 67
ciation wilh the plants and are probably only accidental visitors. Further collecting would add many names to this list.
HOMOPTERA.
Ormenis pruinosa Say.
Palmyra, VII 29, N. J. Scolops sulcipes Say.
Arlington, VII 25, N. J. Phlepsius irroratus Say.
Fairlawn, X. J., VII 5. Scaphoideus immistus Say.
Eatontown, VIII 9, N. J.
Hemiptera.
Euschistus variolarius Pal. Beauv.
Tuckerton, X. J., VIII 21. Thyanta calceata Say. ,
West Norwood, N. J., VII 24. Thyrecoris pulicaria Germ.
Springfield, VII 10; Arlington, VII 25, X. J. Thyrecoris aterrima r^lal.
Arlington. N. J., VII 25. Lygus pratensis L.
Woodbury, N. J. Ortholomus longiceps Stal.
l-"airlawn, VII 25; ^Monmouth Junction, VII 8; Riverton, Lake- hurst. VII 15, N. J. Widely distributed, on primrose. Jalysus spinosus Say.
Riverton, X. J., August. Nabis roseipennis Reut.
Fairlawn, N. J., VII 8. Sinea diadema Fab.
Irvington, N. J., VII 2. Phymata erosa L.
Arlington, X. J., VII 25. Triphleps insidiosus Say.
Princeton Jc \'II 2. X. T. Widely distributed on primrose. Plagiognathus politus Uhl.
Springfield, \'II 10; Riverton. \'III 20, X. J.
68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviii.
Resthenia insignis Say.
Lakehurst, N. J., VII 17. Neurocolpus nubilis Say.
Arlington, N. J., VII 25. Poeciloscytus basalis Reut.
Lakehurst, N. J., VII 17. Poeciloscytus lineatus Fab.
Uhlerstown, Pa., VI 11, seriously injuring the foliage.
COLEOPTERA.
Hippodamia convergens Guer.
Woodbury, N. J., VI 30. feeding on plant lice. Hippodamia glacialis Fabr.
Plainfield, VII 9, N. J. Coccinella novemnotata Hbst.
Monmouth Jc, N. J., V 30, feeding on plant lice. Adalia bipunctata L.
Nutley, VII 5, N. J. Cycloneda sanguinea L.
Lyons, VIII 4; Atlantic Highlands, VIII 15, N. J. Coccinella 3-fasciata L.
Monmouth Junction, VIII 17, N. J., feeding on plant lice. Brachyacantha ursina Fabr.
Irvington, N. J., VII 12. Hyperaspis undulata Say.
Arlington, N. J.. VII 25. Scymnus fratemus Lee.
Woodbury, N. J., VI 30. Lebia viridis Say.
Riverton, VIII 20; Eatontown, VII 5; Lakhurst, VII 25, N. J. Scirtes tibialis Guer.
Monmouth Junction. N. J., VII 15. Pyropyga decipiens Harr.
Plainfield, N. J., VII 9. Chauliognathus marginatus Fabr.
Plainfield, N. J., VII 9. Podabrus rugulosus Lee.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., V 30.
March, 1920.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVENING PrIMROSE InSECTS. 69
Lachnostema lanceolata Say.
Feeding on evening primrose (W. P. Hayes) (Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 12, p. 115). Anomala lucicola Fab.
Woodbury, N. J., VI 30; Uhlerstown; Pa., VI ii, plentiful at latter locality and injuring foliage considerably. Popilia japonica Ne\vm.
Riverton, N. J., August, feeding on foliage. Lema 3-lineata OH v.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., V 30; this is the old-fashioned potato beetle. Graphops marcassitus Cr.
Trenton. V 26; Rutherford. VIII 19, N. J. Graphops pubescens Mels.
Common throughout New Jersey, May to September on foliage of evening primrose. This is one of the strawberry root borers. Smith (Ins. N. J.) states "at roots of evening primrose" (CH.), but we were unable to locate it there in any stage, althougli it was plentiful on the foliage and buds. Colaspis brunnea Fab.
Uhlerstown, Pa., VII 8. Plagiodera versicolor Laich.
Xew Brunswick, X. J., VI 30, on primrose near willow. Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv.
Tuckerton, X. J.. VIII 21. Galerucella nympheae L.
Monmouth Junction, VII-7, on primrose near water. Epitrix cucumeris Harr.
VI 10; Woodbury, VI 30; Princeton, VI 20, X. J. Feeding on foliage of primroses near potato fields. Haltica exapta.
On evening j^rimrose. (Ins. Life, Vol. 3, p. 26.) Haltica ignita 111.
Atlantic Highlands, N. J., VIII 25. The strawberry flea beetle. According to Chittenden (U. S. Bur. Ent. Bui. 23, pp. 70-78) the beetle also deposits eggs on the leaves of primrose and related plants and the larvje feed on the leaves and seed pods (Schwarz). We have not found this species breeding on primrose in Xew Jersey, but
70 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^^o'- xxviii.
have found H. fuscocrnca, a related species resembling ignita, very- abundant in places. Chaetocnema denticulata 111.
Springfield, N. J.,, VIII 12. Systena hudsonias Forst.
Trenton, N. J., V-18. Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Fabr.
Palmyra, N. J., VII 29. Phyllotreta sinuata Steph.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., VI 10, feeding on foliage. Coptocycla bicolor Fab.
Trenton, V 26, N. J. Mordella 8-punctata Fabr.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., VII 18. Auleutes ater Lee.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., VI 10, feeding at bases of young leaves.
Otiorhynchus ovatus L. Trenton, N. J., VI 26. The larva of this species is the strawberry crown-girdler. Sitones hispidula Germ.
Woodbury, N. J., VIII 21. Gymnetron teter Fab.
Monmouth Junction, N. J.. VI 10, feeding in heads and in axils of leaves. Chalcodermus coUaris Horn.
Occurs on evening primrose in Illinois (Hart). (Rhyn. N. E. Amer.) Tyloderma aerea Say.
Trenton, N. J., V 26; Hackensack, November, in rosettes. Acanthoscelis curtus Gyll.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., VI 10, feeding at bases of young leaves. Ccelogaster zimmermanni Gyll.?
Uhlerstown, Pa., VI 11. Madarellus undulatus Say.
Woodbury, N. J., VIII 21. Mecopeltus scandens Dietz.
Anglesea, N. J., VII 12 (W.) (Ins. N. J.). Occurs on primrose (Robinson) (Rhyn. N. E. Amer.),
March, 1920.] DiCKERSOX & W'eISS : EVENIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 71
Lepidoptera.
Eupithecia interruptofasciata Pack.
New Brunswick, X. J., August 2^, bred from larva found feeding on foliage (dot. \\'. Schaus). Sparganothis sulfureana Clem.
Riverton, N. J.. September 19, bred from larva feeding on primrose.
Hy.menoptera.
Monostegia martini INTacG.
Larva feeds on CEuoihcra (Bui. 22, Conn. Geol. Nat. His. Sur. Hymen. Conn., p. 47). Inastemma sp.
West Norwood, N. J., VH 24, taken on head of evening primrose (det. A. B. Gaban). Monomorium minimum Emery.
Riverton, N. J.. July 29. in flower buds which had been partly eaten out by other insects. Cremastogaster lineolata Say.
Egg Harbor, N. J., August 3. Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander.
Arlington, N. J., VH 25. Leptothorax curvispinosus j\Iayr.
Trenton. N. J., \*I[ i, in primrose stem. Arlington. X. J., \'II 25. Tetramorium caespitum L.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., V 30. Tapinoma sessile Say.
West X'orwood, X. J.. \'n 24. Prenolepis imparis Say.
Eatontown, X. J.. VHI 29; Atlantic High.. VHI 15. N. J. Formica fusca Linne var. subsericea Say.^
Fairlawn. VII 5; Monmouth Junction, \' 30. N. J. Formica pallide-fulva var. fuscata Emery.
Atlantic TTi.':liIand>. X. J., VIII 16. Nysson plagiatus Cress.
Eatontown, X'. J.. VITT 20. Tn flowers. Halictus cressonii Rob.
Lakehurst. X. J.. \\\ 17. in flower.
1 Identified by Dr. Wheeler.
72
Journal New York Entomological Society. ["^^°'- xxviii.
Halictus ligatus Say.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., VIII 7, in flower. Halictus sparsus Rob.
Atlantic Highlands, N. J., VIII 15, in flower. Halictus illinoisensis Rob.
Tuckerton, N. J., VIII 21, in flowers. Halictus pilosus Cress.
Tuckerton, N. J., VIII 21, in flowers. Agapostemon virescens Fab.
^lonnjouth Junction, N. J., VII 7, in flowers. Melissodes dentiventris Smith.
Monmouth Junction, N. J., VII 7, in flower. Prosopis cressoni Ck.
Caldwell, N. J., VII 28, bred from cell in dry primrose stem. Stelis lateralis Cress.
Trenton, N. J., V 18, in flowers. Bombus impatiens Harris.
Tuckerton, N. J., VIII-20 in flowers.
DiPTERA.
Paragus angustifrons Loew.
Red Bank, N. J., September i, emerged from puparium on prim- rose stem (det. C. T. Greene). Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say.
Irvington, N. J., August 5, bred from larva feeding on plant lice on primrose (det. C. T. Greene). Eristalis tenax Linn.
Observed in various parts of New Jersey visiting flowers during the fall.
Statistics of Primrose Insects.
Feeders on or in During One or More Stages. |
Flower Visitors. |
Found on Foli- age or Stems, |
Totals, |
|
Homoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Lepidoptera |
8 I 13 I I |
l2 10 I |
4 15 32 9 2 |
12 16 45 13 20 |
Dipteral |
4 |
|||
Totals |
37 |
II |
62 |
no |
1 Parasites not included.
Also a feeder.
March, 1920.] DiCKERSON & WeISS : EVEXIXG PrIMROSE InSECTS. 73
Acknowledgments
We are greatly indebted to the following persons for help in the preparation of this paper : to Mr. C. W. Leng for references to the literature of the Coleoptera and identifications in this order, to Mr. C. A. Frost for determinations in the Coleoptera, to Mr. H. G. Bar- ber for identifying the Hemiptera, to Mr. M. R. Smith for deter- mining the ants, to Mr. August Busck and Mr. Carl Heinrich for their help with the micros and other Lepidoptera, to Dr. C. P. Gillette and Mr. L. C. Bragg in connection with the plant lice, to Dr. J. Bequaert in connection with the Hymenoptera except the parasites, and to the specialists named in the text who through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard identified the dipterous and hymenopterous parasites. The photographs were taken by Mr. Erdman West, to whom we are also grateful for many miscellaneous observations on primrose insects.
Explanation of Plates I, II and III.
'A. Adult, Celerio lineata. ' B. Lan-a of Celerio lineata.
• C. Adult, Rhodophora florida. » D. Adult, Apantesis arge. »£. Adult, Eiithisanotia unio.
• F. Adult, Desmia funeralis (after Strauss).
, G. Primrose stem split lengthwise showing winter cells of Mompha eloisella
lar\2e. Third cell from top shows the silken lining. *//. Enlarged view of I. • /. Single larval cell of Mompha eloisella.
J, K. Primrose stem split showing larv;e and larval cavities of Tyloderma foveolata. . L. .\dult, Mompha eloisella. M, N. Primrose leaves showing feeding of Haltica marevagans and Haltica
fuscocrnea larvae and adults. .0. Swollen primrose flower bud infested by the larva of Mompha stellella. . P. Folded Jirimrose leaf containing pupa of Desmia funeralis, Q, R. Primrose flower buds in different stages of development. 5. Seed capsule of evening primrose in different stages of development.
74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
T, U. Dry seed capsules showing exit holes of Mompha circumscriptella and
Momplia brevivittella. V. Primrose stem during the winter showing the dry, open seed capsules.
STUDIES IN RHYNCHOPHORA. IX. THE SEXES OF CONOTRACHELUS BREVISETIS CHAMP.
By D. Sharp, Brockenhurst, Engl.\nd.
The species was described by Champion (Biol. Centr. Amer., 4, pt. IV, p. 402, pi. 20, figs. 14, 14a, h, and c), who recognized it as occurring in Guatemala, Panama and Venezuela. I have recently received a series from French Guiana which are apparently this species; Mr. Champion after comparison of a pair of the Guiana examples has decided that they are the same as the Central American form. The species is remarkable externally on account of the last dorsal being unusually extended forwards on the venter, as described by Champion, " in the male the pygidium exposed and becoming ven- tral." This character induced me to dissect some of my specimens, as I have found that unusual shape of the last body-segment in the male is usually accompanied by peculiar conformation of the internal sexual apparatus. And on making dissection I found so strange a structure that I forwarded specimens to Mr. F. Muir in Honolulu. He and Mrs. Muir examined them carefully, and were so good as to make drawings, which are reproduced on the plate accompanying this paper.
The male, figures 2 to 6, has the apex of the median lobe deflexed so that it is at right angles with the body of the lobe, the struts ms. are very short. The tegmen, tg., is a ring, without strut, but the sides of the ring are prolonged as two delicate superior appendages, tgt., the dorsum of the ring has only a very slender connection with the side (fig. 3 shows this angle rather too robust). The body, ml., of the median lobe shows a depression, mo., commencing before the deflexed apex and continued for some distance on the deflexed
(JouRX. N. V. Ext. Soc.
Vol. x.wiii. (Plate I.)
PklMKoSl-: INSECTS.
loi KN. N. N'. Km. Soc.) \"i.. X.W 111.
IM.AI1-; 11.
Mi
rklMRosj-: INsIXTS.
(Joi R\. N. \'. Km. Soc.) \')|-. XXMii. (Platic III.;
Z^'-
u'
PRIMROSK 1\SK( rs.
March, 1920.] ShARP : STUDIES IX RhYXCHOPHORA. 75
process; ventrally opposite to the median orifice is a membranous bulge, d. If the median orifice be looked at as perpendicularly as possible, it presents somewhat the appearance shown in fig. 4, which shows a central chitin sclerite, c, and a median one, ta.; the latter varies in appearance according to whether the sac is greatly retracted. When the sac is extended it is found to be a bladder-like structure with a lobe at its base ; this lobe consists of very complex hard pieces partially shown in fig. 6, and through it runs the ejaculatory duct, ej., opening on a spot fo., in the middle of this transfer apparatus; this spot is the functional orifice where the sperm leaves the male struc- ture for transference to the female. The extreme hardness and the very complex shape of this transfer apparatus is unusual in the Cur- culionids; but in the Tomicidse division of the Scolytidse there exist very remarkable analogous formations, the " Auf satz " of Lindeman, which I anticipate, when carefully examined to find the ejaculatory duct, will also be found to bear the functional orifice.
The position of this transfer apparatus at the base of the main division, is., of the sac is also remarkable, as it is usually closely con- nected with the wall of the main sac, and placed more or less at its apex.
The shape and nature of the transfer apparatus differs greatly in the various forms of Rhyncophora, so that it will be difficult to gen- eralize it for the purpose of definition of the great groups, but it will be found very important in the case of definition of genera and tribes.
Much mystery at present surrounds the male genitalia, which is a sign of our ignorance. We say that as regards the great modi- fications of the outer skeleton of an insect that they are " adapta- tions." But no one so far as I am aware has endeavored to account for the great diversities we find in the male organs. If they are the results of "adaptations," what is the nature of these?
The first idea that suggests itself is that there will be found to be a correlation between male and female peculiarities, and I believe that this will prove to be the case to a considerable extent. Unfor- tunately we know but little of the female structures in Coleoptera. In 1847 Stein published a very valuable work on the subject. "Die weibliche Geschlectsorgane der Kafer," Berlin, and this remains the only general work on the subject, but deals with only 3 or 4 Rhynco- phora; Niisslin has since given up particulars of the structure of 15
76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
or 1 6 forms, but they all belong to the Scolytidse, which is a very exceptional and limited division of the Rhyncophora (Zeitschr. wiss. Ins. biol., 7, 191 1, p. 306, etc.).
Our means of forming a conclusion on the point I am alluding to are therefore very limited, and the question will have to be an- swered by concomitant considerations of the males and females of particular species. The female structures are more difficult of inves- tigation than the male, and I have paid comparatively little attention to them, still I have formed the opinion that there exists a correlation of the kind I have suggested and that Conotrachelus offers an exem- plification of it.
Figure i gives a representation of the female structure of the species, where ut. is the bursa, spt. the spermatheca and ovd. the common oviduct; as regards the parts near the anal aperture the figure is diagrammatic, but the other parts are fairly exact.
The sperm has to be lodged in the spermatheca, which is con- nected with a long, slender duct to the bursa at the spot where it joins the oviduct. The sac in the male, fig. 5, is., enters the bursa, and brings the functional orifice of the transfer apparatus to the mouth of the duct of the spermatheca; there is thus formed a con- tinuous canal extending from the testes of the male to the sperma- theca of the female.
Of course, one swallow does not make a summer, and one case in which we can imagine a correlation does not show that such a corre- lation is general, but I may mention that in the Celenthetides, where the male sac is extraordinarily long and slender (see Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1918, pi. IX, f. 7), there is a corresponding elongation of the female passages. It must not be forgotten that these mem- branous parts are extremely elastic in both the female and the male and that it is very difficult to restore them to their natural functional shapes.
But if it be granted that there is a correlation between male and female structures this only increases our difficulty in understanding their variety and complication.
In the primitive condition, exemplified in Archotennopsis of the Termitidae the female possesses a short oviduct, with a sperrriatheca having a very short duct, and colleterial glands having a separate orifice on the ninth sternite, while the male has no copulatory appa-
March, 1920.] Sharp : Studiks IX Rhyxchopiiora. 77
ratus, except the short muscular ductus ejaculatorius. (Imms., Trans. R. Soc. London, B, No. 361, 1919.) It is a long step from this simple condition to the state we find in the Riiyncophora, and yet during- the evolution of this complex condition a successful cor- relation is maintained between the male and female structures, and this in spite of their ever-increasing divergence. It would appear at first sight that it would have been better to retain the original sim- plicity of the sexual structures.
At present I can see no way to comprehending the great compli- cation of the copulatory structures that prevails in the higher insects, and that perhaps reaches its greatest extent in the Lamellicornia and Rhyncophora in Coleoptera.
One slight suggestion may be made as to the complexity of func- tion of the female portion of the genital conduit, for its most impor- tant function is the transmission of the egg to a suitable position for its successful development ; and it has also to receive the sperm from the male, to preserve it in a special receptacle, and also to fertilize each egg before its extrusion.
For each of these purposes special structures exist ; but at present we know very little about the functions. Especially obscure is the process of fertilizing the egg. The spermatozoon has to pass along the duct from the spermatheca which is sometimes of extraordinary length, much longer than in Conofracheliis hrevisctis, while in other cases it is quite short. The function of the bursa is also obscure.
We now know that in some species of Rhyncophora males are not known to exist though females are abundant; hence partheno- genesis undoubtedly occurs, and it is clear that in the history of the species the female is more important than the males, and it seems probable that in the evolution of the structures under consideration the female has led the way, and the male structures have developed in correlation with the changes in the female. But as to how this necessary correlation has been brought about I am unable to offer any suggestion of real importance.
If this paper has any value it is chiefly due to Mr. and Mrs. F. Muir of Honolulu, who made the drawings and took considerable pains to ascertain difficult points of the anatomy.
78 J-ouRNAL New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii.
Explanation of Plate IV. Genitalia of Conotilachelus brevisetis Champion.
Fig. I. The female parts: a, space where the area is somewhat contracted, corresponding with the space b in fig. 5 ; an, anal orifice ; ovd, the common oviduct; spt, spermatheca with its gland; ut, bursa. • Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The male parts.
Fig. 2. Profile of the adsegus with the sac indrawn, but with tegmen extended.
Fig. 3. Tegmen dissected off the median lobe.
Fig. 4. Apical portion of the median lobe, showing median orifice for the protrusion of the sac and transfer apparatus.
Fig. 5. Apical portion of median lobe, profile with sac extended.
Fig. 6. Face of transfer apparatus.
In figures 2 to 6 the lettering is uniform, as follows : b, contracted part of the sac ; c, hinge or volet ; cm, connecting membrane ; d, membranous bulge accommodating the transfer apparatus when the sac is retracted ; e, outer shield of transfer apparatus; ej, ejaculatory duct; fo, functional orifice; is, the sac; ml, median lobe; mo, median orifice; nis, strut of median lobe; ia, transfer apparatus ; tg, tegmen ; tgl, tegminal lobe.
THE TRUE KATYDID NEARLY EXTINCT IN NEW
YORK CITY.
By Wm. T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.
The true katydid, Pferophylla camellifolia Fabr., is either extinct or nearly so on Staten Island, a borough of New York City. It used to be very common there, and as late as August 14, 1908, the writer noted it " quite numerous and very noisy in the tall trees in the Egbertville ravine" near the central part of the Island. There are still considerable forested areas on Staten Island that would seem to be as suitable for the insect as similar places on Long Island and in New Jersey, and indeed it used to frequent these very same trees. Why it has died out is not known, except ppssibly the air is no longer as pure as formerly, for there are now numerous factories along Arthur Kill, the smoke from which may have affected the foliage on which it feeds. However, it is no longer present even on the ocean side of the Island. In our investigation that carried us
(JouRX. X. Y. Ext. Soc.)
Vol. XXVIII.
(Plate IV.)
cin.
COXOTRACHELUS BREX'ISETIS CHAMP.
March, 1920.] Davis : Truf. Katydid Xearly Extinct. 79
over about fifty miles of the most rural parts, Mr. Edward J. Burns and I were unable to hear any true katydids on the warm nights of September, 1919, though the tree-frequenting Microccntrum rhombi- folinm was present, as were also the several native species of Scud- dcria, Amhlycorypha and Ncoconoccphalus.
It has been shown by Dr. Joseph L. Hancock in Entomological News for February, 1916, that the eggs of Amhlycorypha oblongifoUa may not hatch until the second or third year after they have been laid. If those of Ptcrophylla can remain dormant for a like period, it is possible that some small colonies may still exist on Staten Island, but we think their presence unlikely. While we have not the same conclusive evidence for other areas of forested country lying in New York City as we have for those on Staten Island, from our observa- tions it would appear that the true katydid is either extinct or is rapidly becoming less common in most localities within the limits mentioned. From I\Ir. S. Harmsted Chubb of the American Museum of Natural History we learn that about four katydids were heard singing on the evening of October 6, 1919, in some tall trees a short distance west of Broadway at about 255th Street. This locality is near the northern limit of Van Cortlandt Park. In the collection of the American Museum of Natural History there are six specimens collected many years ago at West Farms, New York City, by John Angus. Owing to the fact that the true katydid is still so common on parts of Long Island, it may possibly be found in the eastern part of one of the boroughs of the greater city situated on that island.
It is to be regretted that but six specimens of camelUfolia are preserved from Staten Island, where at one time the species was so abundant. Most of these were found on the trunks of trees after storms, for when the wind blows hard the katydid often descends to the main trunk. They are easily collected where the forest growth is low, as at Lakehurst, N. J., for instance, by following up the song of the male and locating the insect with the aid of an acetylene lan- tern. Then if the katydid is gently touched with a long stick, it will let go its hold and fall to the shrubbery below. Mr. George P. En- gelhardt and I have thus collected many. The insect, however, will not let go its hold if the trees are simply shaken : it has to be touched.
While the true katydid does not often frequent the tops of pitch pines, it docs lay its eggs in the bark of that tree, and we have photc-
80 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
graphed a female while so engaged, and seen a number of others, especially in the mixed woods of pines and oaks on Long Island, N. Y. Many lay their eggs during the latter part of September on Long Island, and it is then also that the males sing often in the davtime when the sunshine is warmest.
LEGS IN THE CARABID^.
By Howard Notman, Brooklyn, N. Y.
The coxae of the anterior and intermediate legs are globular in form and exhibit the same structure throughout the Carabidse. The apex or upper end of the joint, viewing the beetle as it lies on its back, contains a circular cavity which holds the condyle of the tro- chanter. Adjoining this cavity on the outer side is another cavity or depression in the outer face of the coxa. This second cavity reaches the outer edge of the joint and is bounded by a more or less carinate edge except at the outer end where the carina is obliterated. Where the two adjoin, the wall of the central cavity is deeply emar- ginate. This structure gives the leg a greater radius of transverse motion and allows it to be drawn closer to the body in repose.
The anterior and posterior edges of the outer depression are not similar in form. The former, viewed from the front, is straight and continuous with the edge of the central cavity. The latter, viewed from the opposite direction, is strongly concave and elevated in a prominent blunt-pointed tooth where it joins the edge of the central cavity. This tooth is bent slightly over the condyle and strengthens the hold on the latter at the point where the emargination between the cavities tends to weaken it. Considering this to be a description of the anterior coxae, the arrangement in the intermediate is exactly the reverse; that is, the tooth is on the anterior edge and the poste- rior edge is straight. When it is considered that the anterior legs are used chiefly to pull the beetle forward and the intermediate to push it in the same direction, the reason for the opposite arrange- ment is explained and it seems probable that the tooth not only
March, 1920.] NoTMAN : LeGS IX THE CaRABID.E. 81
Strengthens the hold on the condyle but also serves as a fulcrum in the motion of leg. The tooth on the intermediate cox?e is not so strong not much more than a distinct angulation.
While the anterior and intermediate coxae are condyles held by the sternal plates; the posterior are plates, being immovable. The upper surface, which is in the plane of the metasternum, corresponds with the anterior surface of the other pairs; the apex and outer cavity are perpendicular to the plane of the body, and the posterior edge of both cavities is the suture between the coxae and the first ventral segment.
The upper surface, called the coxal plate, is triangular in form with a rounded posterior apex, covering the base of the trochanter and restricting the hind legs to a forward and back motion like that in the swimming of a frog. The outer portion of the coxal plate conjointly with the under plate forms a point extending to the outer edge of the metasternum between the latter and the first ventral segment.
The coxal or upper plate is fiat and extends from the center or near the center of the body to the outer edge of the metasternum. It is widest near the inner edge and tapers rapidly to the outer ex- tremity. In its simplest form as found in Dyschirins, Clivina and Bembidhim, it has an acute edge throughout which is margined on the outer half. It conceals entirely the vertical under plate when viewed from above. In this form the coxae differ least from the anterior and intermediate pairs. It is also found in Opisthius, Leistus, PromecognatJiiis, the Pogonini, four species of Platynus — larvalis, caudatus, disscctus and piisillus, in Lcptofrachelus, Casnonia hidoviciana and Zacotus.
In most species of Carabidae the upper plate is narrower exter- nally and the under plate wider and oblique so that the latter is visible from above. In Cychrus, Carahus, Calosoma, Galcrita, Cymindis, Helluomorpha and Brachyniis the plates, which are of this type are separated by an entire carina. In general, however, the carina is lacking on the outer half of the coxae and the plates are separated by a groove, the marginal groove of the upper plate. This groove also is lacking on the outer fourth or third in Anomoglossus, Brachy- lohus, and Lachuocrcpis. In the remaining genera, including the three last named and a few species of Cychrus — hcros. clcratus. bi-
82 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
carinatns, Iccontei, and Carahtis — vinctns and limhatus, the outer part of the coxae is also flattened in part or wholly to the plane of the metasternum and ventral segments; sometimes only the extreme outer point as in the species of Cychrns and Carahus mentioned and most of Pterostichus, or a half of the outward extension as in the subgenus Poccilus of the genus Pterostichns, in the subgenera Amara and Celia of the genus Amara, in the genera Loxandrus, Diplochila and Diccelus; or the whole of the extension as in Chlccnhis.
In general when the extension is flat, the outer part of the upper plate is very narrow, the dividing groove then being close to the metasternal suture. The extreme examples are found in the genera CaUida, EiiprocHis, Pinacodcra and Onota, in which the extension consists almost entirely of the lower plate. In these genera and Chlcenius, therefore, is found the greatest dissimilarity in structure and function between the two front pairs and the posterior pair of coxae.
Casnonia pcnnsylvanica and Casnonia hidoviciana show the great- est dissimilarity in the structure of the posterior coxse to be found in two closely related species. In the former the under plate is very oblique and slightly flattened at the outer end, in the latter the under plate is vertical and invisible from above.
In the genus Plochionus the groove on the coxal extension is very close to the anterior margin near the middle of the coxa, but curves away from the margin at its outer extremity. This character is also found in a greater degree in the genus Oodes. In Oodes amaroides, amcricanus and fluviaUs the groove resembles that found in Plochio- nus. In Oodes elegans the groove is sinuate; in cuprccus the groove is in the form of a semicircle in its outer half; in quatuordecimsfri- atns the semicircle occupies the whole of the coxal extension. No known coxal structure could be represented by this groove, which, therefore, seems to have lost its character as an indicator of struc- ture and become merely sculptural ornamentation, a fact which de- notes a remote ancestry for the genus.
The trochanters of the anterior and intermediate legs like the coxae are, with one known exception, invariable in form. They are short, connate with the femur and joined obliquely with it, their lower edge being prolonged. The apices are supported by short prominences in the basal edge of the femur. The joint is nearly rigid.
March, 19^0.] XoTMAX : LeGS IN THE CaRABID.E. 83
In the posterior trochanters the prolongation is much greater and free from the femur at its apical end. In Omophron and the Cychrini it is short, about one fittli the length of the femur, oval in form, with a strongly rounded end. In the remaining Carabinre, ex- cepting the Scaritini, it varies from two sevenths to one third. In the Scaritini it is larger. In Ardistomis only is it as small as one third. In the other genera it varies from three sevenths to one half the length of the femur. In Scarites the apex is acute.
In the Harpalinse bisetosse it varies from one fifth in Platynus candatus to four fifths in the male of Patrohus calif o miens, in which species it is very acutely pointed. It is also acutely pointed in Patrobus otcrrimus. Elsewhere in the subfamily it varies from one quarter to one third. In Oodes americamis, however, it is three sevenths the length of the femur. In the Harpalinse unisetosse the trochanters are longer, three sevenths to one half in the majority.
The femora vary in size and sliape, not only among the species but also in the three pairs of an individual, for the anterior femora are the shortest and stoutest and the posterior the longest and most slender. This difference in the three pairs is always distinct but is less in such narrow elongate species as Pterosfichus angnstus or Zacotns matthcwsii. In the Cychrini, excepting the genus Sphccro- dcnis, the legs are very slender and even in thickness. Elsewhere the posterior femora are not only more slender but also more clavate in form.
In a large proportion of the species the femora are grooved for the reception of the tibicX when drawn in to the body. The grooves are always strongest at the apical end and are often confined to the apical one third or one half. The natural expectation would be to find the grooves strongest in those species with short, stout legs. This is not always the case, however. In Promccognathus the ante- rior femora are stout and ungrooved; in Pasiiiiacliiis the anterior femora are very stout and the grooves are very faint; on the other hand, in the closely allied genus Scarites the grooves are strong. In the slender legged genus Nebria the species ovipcnnis, mctalliea and their allies have the femora strongly grooved, but in the species pallipcs, sahlbcrgi and their allies, the femora are ungrooved. In Ptcrostichus the femora are stout and strongly grooved; in Amara the femora are somewhat less stout but no less stronglv grooved.
84 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
In Amara ohesa the anterior edge of the grooves on the anterior femora is sharply carinate from the apex for about four fifths the length of the joint; the posterior for one quarter only. In Badistcr pulchellus the anterior carina is still stronger and entire, ending on the center line of the joint. Unequal carination of the edge of the grooves is also found in Loxandrns and Diplochila. In the males of Chlccnius laticollis the anterior caringe of the anterior femora end in a prominent acute tooth at less than one quarter from the base. The tooth is on the center line of the joint. The posterior carinae vanish a short distance in front of the tooth. In the males of Chlccnius prasimis the edges of the grooves are not carinate; there is, however, a short, obtuse tooth, whose apex is carinate at about one third from the base. This tooth is not on the center line but anterior to it, on the edge of an evenly outlined groove. In Chlccnius ruficauda, also, the edges of the grooves are not carinate. In the males of this species there is a short, acute tooth at one fourth from the base, situated as in prasinus. In Nehria ovipennis both edges of the anterior femoral grooves are carinate and vuiite in a distinct point at about one fourth from the base; in the closely allied Nehria gehleri both edges of the grooves are strongly carinate and entire to the basal margin, where they do not unite. In Pachyteles tes- taceiis, a small species placed in the tribe Nomiini, there is a large, very acute tooth on the anterior edge of the femoral groove, about two fifths from the apex. Between the tooth and the apex the edge is not carinate. There is a strong carina, however, from the tooth to the base of the joint, which is continuous with the strongly com- presso-carinate trochanter, the only instance known of a modification in the form of the latter.
The most important structural modification in the form of the tibiae is found in the interior groove of the anterior pair. In the Cychrini there is a long straight groove on the interior face, evanes- cent toward the base and widest and deepest at the apical margin between the two spurs. In Nehria sahlhergi, Leistus ferrugineus or Calosoma calidnm, the groove is not straight, but curved apically against the posterior spur, which is slightly higher on the tibia than the other spur. The curve in the groove is still more pronounced in the genus Blethisa, and the groove instead of terminating on the apical margin of the tibia as in Cychrus, terminates in the lateral
March, 1920.] XoTMAN : LeGS IN THE CaRABID.E. 85
margin, producing an emargination therein. In these genera and all the genera in which this emargination is strong, the posterior spur is found some distance above the apex: in Thalpiiis pygmcciis near the middle; in Dyschirius tridentatus nearer the base than the apex. In the remarkable genus Metritis, however, the posterior spur is terminal, although the groove is curved into the lateral margin and produces an emargination therein; and on the other hand, in Omo- phron, although the groove is straight as in the Cychrini, the poste- rior spur occupies a strongly ante-apical position. In Pasimachiis the groove is replaced by a hemispherical excavation, which cuts the lateral margin close to the apex, between the base of the tarsi and the posterior spur, which is slightly ante-apical. In Scarites the excavation becomes an oblique transverse groove cutting both lateral margins of the joint. In this form it is found throughout the sub- family Harpalinae.
The tibise are always thicker at the apex than at the base; some- times only slightly so as in Omophron or Brachynus; sometimes suddenly thicker at the apex as in the Scaritini, the genus Ptero- sticlms, or the Dapti. The anterior pair are always thicker and shorter than the posterior.
Although the anterior pair are often strikingly modified with teeth and apical prolongations, as in the Scaritini and Dapti, the intermediate tibise in the majority of the genera are the most strongly modified with secondary sculptural ornamentation in the form of grooves, carinas and spines.
In the intermediate and posterior tibiae, some traces of a row of spines on each side, often accompanied by a distinct carination, is always found, excepting possibly in Casnonia, Ziiphium, Thalpius, Ega and Brachynus. On the exterior faces of these tibise is rarely found a simple longitudinal groove, stronger on the intermediate, as in Leistus ferrugineus. In Nehria ovipennis and mefallica this groove is found on the intermediate tibiae only, and is open at the apex. In Platymts rcflcxus a weak groove is found on the inter- mediate tibiae only; it is placed near the middle; in the closely related Platynus brunneomarginatns intermediate and posterior tibiae are both grooved, the groove extending nearly to the apex. In Callida viridipcintis there are weak grooves near the apex on both pairs of tibiae. The grooves are most strongly developed in /'/(7/_vH».y/»"t'&nV.
86 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxviii.
In place of the grooves, the intermediate and posterior tibiae may have a central longitudinal carina as in Galerita dccipiens and in Badister piilchellus; in v\diich case, the crest usually carries a row of coarse punctures bearing spinules. In Lebia grandis the exterior faces are compresso-carinate and the crest carries such a series. .In HelliioDiorpha bicolor the whole tibia is compressed and the narrow external edge is sharply and deeply grooved. These grooves are open at the apex. The carinate edges are spinulose-punctate, more strongly in the intermediate pair. In the intermediate pair the punc- tures are exactly on the crest; in the posterior pair they are more on the outer side of the carinse. In Philophnga viridicollis both pairs of tibise are grooved, but the limiting carinse are indistinct and the grooves are not open behind. The row of punctures on both pairs in this species are slightly off the crests. In Tetragonoderus fas- ciatits a row of spine-bearing punctures is found in an anterior posi- tion on the intermediate tibise, though no groove is present. The corresponding posterior row is less numerous or entirely absent. In Pterostichus stygicus, coracinus and mocstus there is a row of three or four large punctures on the apical third of the intermediate tibise. These are not on the center line but slightly anterior in position.
The antero-exterior apical margin of the intermediate tibise in Harpalus, Chlcrnius, Calosoma or Cychnis bears a fringe of close-set spinules. In a male Platymis angusfatns or a male Pterostichus ater this fringe is strongly arcuate, concave to the margin. The fringe does not mark an emargination, however, for the apex is entire beneath the fringe. In a male of Pterostichus lucuhlandiis the feature is most strongly developed. In that species it is further removed from the apex, straight and free at both ends. In the males of the subgenus Cyrtonotus of the genus Amara the interior face of the intermediate tibise is dentate or bisinuate; in the males of the genus Discoderns the tibise are strongly arcuate and denticu- late within.
The tarsi in the Carabidse are five-jointed and the last joint bears two claws at its apex. The first joint is always the longest, but in the Harpalinse unisetosse the difference between the first and second joints is sometimes not very great. In Onota floridana, on the other hand, the first joint of the posterior is equal in length to the next four. The tarsi of the posterior legs are always the longest and
March, 1920.] XOTMAX : LeGS IN THE CaRAEID-I:. 87
those of the anterior the shortest. In the majority of the species the first joint is equal in length to the next two or three. The first is always wider at the base than the others. The joints of the ante- rior tarsi are more or less flattened and triangular in form and the joints of the posterior more or less cylindrical, excepting the tribe Dapti and the genus Agonodcrus.
The fourth joint throughout the family is rarely more than slightly longer than wide, even in such long-legged species as Scaphi- notus angusticolUs, Platynus caiidatus or Platynus angustatus. The genera Laclinocrcpis and Oodcs are exceptions. The legs in these genera are only moderately long, yet the fourth joint is distinctly elongate. In the subfamily Carabinae, except in the genus Prome- cognathus and the Harpalid genera Nomiiis, Psydrus, Morio, Bem- hidinm, TacJiys and Trechns, the fourth tarsal joint is not emarginate at apex. In the remaining genera the fourth joint at least is always more or less emarginate. In Agonodenis the fourth joint of the anterior tarsi only is emarginate, but usually the fourth joint of the posterior tarsi is not perceptibly less emarginate than that of the anterior.
In the males of the genus Ptcrostichiis the first joint of the ante- rior tarsi is nearly as strongly emarginate as the fourth and the third is the least sti^ongly emarginate. Elsewhere the third joint is some- times very slightly emarginate in addition to the fourth, but the second and first are always truncate. In many genera of the Lebiini and the genus Stenolophus the fourth joint is bilobed; in Stcnolophus only in the anterior and intermediate legs.
In the males of most of the genera of the family, the anterior tarsi have one or more dilated joints bearing squamulose hairs be- neath. In Omophron the first joint only is dilated. In Bemhidiiim and Tachys the first two Joints are dilated. In most of the genera the first three joints are dilated. In Tachycellus the first dilated joint is slightly narrower than the second; in Anisodactylus it is still narrower; in the other genera the first is equal in width to or wider than the second joint. In the tribe Dapti and the genus Agonoderus the anterior tarsi are similar in both sexes. In the Cychrini, omit- ting the genus Sphccroderus, and in the genus Platynus the anterior tarsal joints of the male are very slightly dilated.
In the genera Bcmhidium, Tachys and Loxandrus the inner angles
88 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
of two or three of the dilated basal joints are toothed or prolonged. In these species the squamules beneath are arranged symmetrically with the axis of the leg. In Galerita the angles are similarly pro- longed and the two series of squamules beneath are directed toward the prolonged angle. The structure is similar in Lebia grandis, but in Lebia pulchella and furcata the joints are symmetrical, yet in these species also the double series of squamules is directed toward the inner angles of the joints.
Although the intermediate tibise are more strongly sculptured than the posterior, yet the reverse is the case in the tarsi. The sculpture of the tarsi, which is found in a few genera only, consists of longi- tudinal grooves, sometimes with an intervening carina. These are most highly developed in Platynus funebris, in which all the tarsal joints on the three pairs of legs are strongly grooved. Usually the anterior tarsi are ungrooved. In Pterostichiis hicublandns all the tarsal joints of the posterior legs are grooved, but only the first three on the intermediate legs. In Pterostichiis ma^stns or patrnelis the first three joints of the posterior tarsi are grooved and the first two of the intermediate. However, when only the first or the first and second joints of the posterior tarsi are grooved, the same are grooved on the intermediate. In Pterostichiis coracimis the first two joints are grooved on both pairs; in Amara subcvnea the first one only.
The anterior trochanter and femur have setae bearing punctures on them which are often arranged in a distinct order. The tro- chanter invariably carries one seta on the under side near the femoral joint. The setae on the femur are usually disposed in longitudinal rows, often more or less irregular or indistinct. They are most strongly developed in the genus Calosoma. In that genus there is a longitudinal row of setse-bearing punctures on the anterior and posterior faces a little below the middle. The rows are about equal in numbers, varying from nine to twenty-nine. The row on the posterior face is continuous. It starts at the basal edge of the femur. The row on the anterior face is interrupted at about the basal one fourth. The punctures between the break and the basal edge are usually four or five in number and are arranged in an irregular group. An irregular group is rarely found on the other side of the break at the basal end of the row. In Pasimachns there is an irregular group of about six punctures on the anterior face
March, 19^0.] XOTMAN : LeGS IX THi: CaRAUID.Ii. 89
near the apex ; on the posterior face there are one or two large punc- tures very close to the l)asal edge. These latter punctures are found in Scarites, DyscJiirius, Clivina and Aspidoglossa. In Anisodactylus piccus there is an irregular group of eight to ten punctures near the apex on the anterior face. In other species of Anisodactylus there is a more or less distinct transverse row of three to four in this posi- tion. In Cratacanthus the row is more distinct.
In Clivina, Aspidoglossa and Schizogcnins there is one large puncture at the middle of the posterior face.
In most of the genera the punctures of the posterior face are the more distinct. They are one at ahout the basal fourth at or below the middle; one at the middle at or near the lower edge; one at the apical fourth at or above the middle.
In Calatluis and a number of genera in the Lebiini the tarsal claws are ])ectinate or serrate and in Sclii:zogcnius there is an ap- pendage between the claws which may be comparable to similar appendages in other orders of insects.
The anterior or terminal spurs of the anterior tibice exhibit modi- fications in form in a number of the genera. They are slender and frequently straight in Bcmhidinm, but elsew^here are more often thickened at base with a curved acuminate apex. In O'odes cuprccns or elegans the apex is strongly curved. In some species of Aniso- dactylus and Amara the spurs are trifid; in other species of Aniso- dactylus they are dilated at base; and in others they are simple, moderately slender and nearly straight. In the Lebiini the spurs in the genera Cyniindis and Apencs are moderately large; in Tetra- gonoderus and Nemotarsns they are long and slender; in the other genera they are very small and straight. They are also straight and slender in Brachynus.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Necrophorus Guttula Motsch and its color Varieties. — In his "Monograph of the North American Silphidre," published in Trans. American Entomo, Soc, Vol. VIII, October, 1880, page 232. Dr. George Horn says regarding Necrophorus guttula Motsch. " The color of the elytra is extremely variable in this species, in the typical
90 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
form {gutHila) the elytra are entirely black, excepting a small sub- humeral red spot. ... A variety of this form also occurs with a red spot on the elytra posteriorly." As this variety is at present unnamed and hence may cause confusion, I propose for it the name Van Dykei, in honor of Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke, who first sent me specimens of this insect. Another form not previously described also occurs with four red spots on the elytra, two on each elytron. For this form I propose the name quadriguttata to distinguish it from hecate Bland, the form with banded elytra. — John W. Angell.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY.
Minutes of December i6.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held in the American Museum of Natural History at 8:00 P.M., on December 16, 1919, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with fifteen members present.
Mr. Leng presented a photograph of Dr. David Sharp.
Mr. Comstock read a paper " Notes on Lepidoptera " which will be printed elsewhere.
Mr. Davis, under the title " Notes from Virginia," recalled his visit in June, 1919, to the home of Col. Wirt Robinson, at Wingina, and the pleasant rambles they had together through Nelson and Buckingham counties. Mingled with recollections of the people they had met and the general natural history they observed were many entomological notes. Among the beetles seen were Ptosima gibhicollis on red-bud, Prionus laticollis active, though a quarter of her abdomen was gone, Cicindela unipunctata along a path in the woods, Phengodes larva eating a millipede and Arthromacra robinsoni, which, Mr. Davis noted, appears to have a very limited distribution ; among the butter- flies were Chlorippe celtis, Papilio turnus black variety and very large, and Eudamus cellus, found almost exactly where it occurred in 191 7. On June 27 the first specimens of Cicindela rufiventris were seen. This constitutes a defi- nite date of appearance as the species had been diligently sought on previous dates. Of the cicadas, Mr. Davis noted Tibicen pruinosa, T. lyricen, T. sayi, T. davisi and the Orthopteron, Atlanticus davisi, so that both he and Col. Rob- inson were catching namesakes. He had interesting experiences also in cours- ing honeybees and in capturing dragonflies including the rare species Neuro- cordiilia obsoleta. Mr. Davis illustrated his account of his visit by maps, photographs and four large boxes of the insects of all orders that he had captured.
March, 19^0.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 91
Mr. Burns contributed the following note on a Diopsid Fly on Staten Island : Sphyracephala brevicornis Say has been taken in a number of locali- ties, but every occurrence of this rare fly should be noted. One specimen was taken near Richmond, S. I., New York, on May 22, 19 19, by sweeping skunk cabbage along the borders of a brook.
Minutes of January 6.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8:00 P.M., on January 6, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural His- tory, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members and two visitors, Mr. E. A. Chapin and Miss Campbell, present.
The Nominating Committee reported the following nominations for officers for 1920: President, L. B. Woodruff; Vice-President, J. D. Sherman, Jr.; Secretary, Chas. W. Leng ; Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis ; Librarian, Frank E. Watson; Curator, A. J. Mutchler; Executive Committee, H. G. Barber, Jos. Bequaert, Geo. P. Engelhardt, H. B. Weiss, C. E. Olsen ; Publication, Howard Notman, W, P. Comstock, F. E. Lutz, Chas. Schaeffcr; Delegate to Neiv York Academy of Sciences, W. T. Davis. There being no other nominations, the Secretary was instructed to cast one affirmative ballot.
Letters from W. C. Dukes, Mobile, Ala., and Rev. H. I. J. Bodley, of Australia, were read.
Dr. Howard's election as president A. A. A. S. was noted, also his election as president of the Entomological Society of America.
A photograph of Mr. Woodruff was presented.
Dr. Bequaert spoke on " Predaceous Enemies of Ants," including other insects, toads, birds, mammals, showing specimens and photographs. His paper will later be printed in full.
It was discussed by Messrs. Comstock, Hallinan, Davis and Weiss.
Mr. Leng read some extracts from the Bulletin of the Entomological So- ciety of France, of 50 years ago, showing similarity between their meetings and our own.
Mr. Chapin spoke of there being possibly too much importance attached to human tastes in studying insects, for it was rash to assume that our tastes and those of insects were identical.
Mr. Woodruff exhibited Telephorus carolinus and the newly described al- lied species T. neglectus Fall, pointing out the differences in size and antennal structure. The specimens of neglectus came from L. L
Minutes of January 20.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8 :oo P.M., on January 20, in the American Museum of Natural History, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members and three visitors present, including Professor H. C. Fall.
Mr. .•Kdolf Rccht, 430 E. 67th St.. was elected a member.
92 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxviii.
Mr. Bischoff exhibited his collection on the genera Phytonomus and Ceutorhynchus, calling attention especially to his capture of Phytoywmus exitnius at Caldwell, N. J., where it was abundant on leaves of water dock. He pointed out also how certain species of both genera were found only in low ground and some that feed on plants of low growth cannot usually be taken by sweeping as the net passes over such plants.
Dr. Sturtevant exhibited living specimens of various species of Drosophila with enlarged colored drawings of each and discussed the distribution espe- cially of introduced species, saying in part : " There are many species of ani- mals that are ' weed-like,' in that they are much commoner about houses or stables than in woods or remote places. These forms are usually widely dis- tributed, and are in general open to suspicion of being introduced species. In the Dipterous genus Drosophila there are, in this region, seven such species. Five of these {D. funebris, D. busckii, D. melanogaster, D. repleta, and an undescribed species) are cosmopolitan or nearly so. Of these, D. funebris was the only one known from this country to Loew, Say, Harris or Fitch. The other four have probably been introduced since the time of these entomologists. The earliest dates for this region and for the rest of the world with respect to these five species were discussed, as throw-ing light on the possible sources from which they might have come. The other two Nearctic ' weed-like ' species, both undescribed, range from New England to South America, and have probably been introduced from the American tropics. All these species breed on fruit or on decaying vegetable material, s-o that they might easily have been accidentally imported. In fact, there can be no doubt that some of these, as well as at least four other species common in the tropics about fruit, especially bananas, are constantly being imported.- The four last men- tioned tropical species have never been taken in the northern states, though two of them are established in southern Florida. Apparently they are unable to thrive in a region where the winters are cold."
Mr. Notman exhibited new species of Bembidion, found last summer in the Adirondacks at elevated places near Mr. Marcy, describing especially the beaver meadows in which he has collected and the characters of the new species and their nearest allies. These descriptions will be printed in the Journal.
Mr. Fall, present as a visitor, referred to previous taxonomic work in the genus Bembidion, and the danger of working from uniques or small series, especially if previously described forms were not recognized.
Mr. Davis and Dr. Bequaert referred to much successful taxonomy having been done under such conditions.
Mr. Davis read an interesting letter from our member, L. R. Reynolds, now in Mexico, and Mr. Sherman spoke also of Mr. Reynolds' letters to him.
Mr. Weiss distributed specimens of Rhipidandrus paradoxus, which he had bred from fungus.
Mr. Fall spoke briefly of the work he was doing in the genus Hydroporus.
March, 1920. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 93
Minutes of February 3.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8:00 P.M., on February 3, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural His- tory, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members present.
Mr. Notman, as chairman of the Publication Committee, reported the resignation of Charles Schaeffer as editor and his own election as his suc- cessor.
On motion of Mr. Leng, the Society recorded a vote of thanks to Mr. Schaeffer for his long years of service and splendid results.
Letters from Dr. Walther Horn and Colonel Casey were read.
Mr. Weiss read a paper on " Coleoptera of the Evening Primrose " which will be published elsewhere. He showed the adults and larvae and their work.
Mr. Bischoff exhibited " Local Species of Anthonomus," 21 already listed in " Insects of X. J." and five additional, viz. : A. rufipennis, A. likensis, A. molochinns, A. hamameUdis, A. robinsoni. He gave also copious notes on the conditions under which each species was found.
Dr. Lutz read some extracts from " Philippine Wasp Studies " by F. X. Williams, being Bull. 14, Report of work of the Exp. Sta. Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association, praising it highly.
Dr. Bequaert also praised the work, referring particularly to the interest- ing account of Stenogaster and the evidence adduced that wasps learn some- thiniz by personal excerience.
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Organued June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.
The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each montt (except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum or Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.
Annual dues for Active Members, $3.00.
Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to the treasurer.
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Vol. XXVIII.
No. 2.
JOUR N AL
OF THE
NEW YORK
Entomological Society
H)ev>ote^ to lEntomoloap in (Bcncral.
JUNE, 1920.
Edited by HOWARD NOTMAN
Publication Committee.
HOWAKU NOTMAN F. E. LuTZ.
\V. P. CoMSTocK. Charles Schakfprr
Publistied Quarterly by the Society. LANCASTKR, PA. NEW YORK CITY.
1920
f Entered April 2t, 1904,31 I,a' castrr, Pa. . as second -claj» matter nnrler Art ol Congreisot July :6, 18.^4 )
THE NEW ERA PRINT
CONTENTS
North American Cicadas belonging to the Genera Platypedia and Melampsalta. By wm. t. Davis . ... 95
The Group Traches in North America. Part I. The Genera Pachyschelus and Taphrocerus. By Alan s. Nicoi.ay and
Hakry B. Wei.ss 136
Notes on two little known wood-boring Beetles. Chrysobothris sylvania Fall and Melasis rufipennis Horn. (Buprestidae, Elateridae.) By w. j. chambekun 151
Description of Orchestina saltitans Banks. (Arachnida.) By
Alexander Petrunkevitch, Ph.D. . . ... 157
Some new Rhynchophora from Eastern North America with Ad- ditions to and Corrections of the " Rhynchophora of North- eastern America." By w. s. Blatchley ... 161
Coleoptera collected at Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., 26 May to 5 June, 1918, with Notes and Descriptions. By Howard
NOTMAN .... .... 178
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 194
JOURNAL
OF THE
pptD ]9oFh €!nl'QnioIogirflI ^oriFJ^g.
Vol. XXVIII. JUNE, 1920 No. 2
NORTH AMERICAN CICADAS BELONGING TO THE GENERA PLATYPEDIA AND MELAMPSALTA.
By Wm. T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten Islaxd, N. Y.
The genus Platypcdia was described by Uhler in Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 23, April, 1888, and Cicada arcolata Uhler, 1861, and Cicada pntiiaiiii Uhler, 1877, were cited as belonging to the group. The original description of the genus is as follows : " Elon- gate, acutely tapering posteriorly, with a sub-carinate ridge on the tergum, extending from near the base to beyond the middle ; wing- covers when at rest almost vertical. Head bluntly triangular, hirsute, the vertex gently sloping, almost as long as the pronotum, with the transverse sulcus deep and direct, not triangularly parted; the an- terior ocellus placed in a longitudinal groove, which latter is con- tinued upon the turmid front ; front quite prominent, strongly convex ; exterior cheeks long and narrow ; supra-antennal plates narrow, thick, bounded each side by a notch. Pronotum short, moderately hirsute, with the dorsal surface feebly convex, not corrugated, but with two oblique grooves each side, the lateral margins almost straight, with the anterior angles feebly reflexed, and the posterior angles narrowly, but abruptly turned up; epipleural flaps as long as the pronotum, broadly crescentiform, but a little triangularly produced obliquely backwards and downwards. Anterior femora short and stout, swollen in the middle, grooved on the outside near the tip. Wing-covers wide, strongly bowed on the costal margin, the areoles large and mostly
!)5
96 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- xxviii
wide, basal areole oblong, the radial areole occupying more than one- half the length of the wing-cover, the second ulnar areole short, wide, almost triangular; the apical areoles narrow, and the third, fourth, and sixth of equal length, with their inner tip triangular, while the inner end of the second, fifth, and seventh is truncated; wings narrow, not reaching as far as the tip of the discoidal areole of the hemelytra, with the anal-flaps broadly rounded, and separated by a deep emar- gination from the other member of the wing. Anal segment of both sexes narrow and compressed, acutely tapering, with the ovipositor of the female almost enclosed therein. Sonorous valves of the male rudimentary, inconspicuous."
To the .above description may be added that owing to the great length of the radial cell the node is much nearer the end of the fore wing than in any other genus of North American Cicadas. In Platy- pedia, as in Clidophleps, Okanagana, Okanagodcs and Tibicinoides, the metanotum is conspicuous behind the mesonotum, and the uncus cannot be withdrawn into the abdomen.
In August, 1888, Uhler described Platypodia minor m Entomologica Americana, which made the third species of the genus. Then fol-' lowed three more, namely aperta, intermedia and ampliata, described by Mr. Edward P. Van Duzee in 1915 in the Journal of the N. Y. Entomological Society.
In his Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera, Part i, CicadidcT, 1906, W. L. Distant designated areolata as the type of the genus and places putnami as a synonym of that species. He recognizes minor as a valid species. In the Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, 1917, iMr. Van Duzee lists the six species mentioned above, and gives areolata as the logotype of the genus.
As far as known no species of Platypedia occur east of the Missis- sippi River, but from western Nebraska and Colorado westward to the Pacific, and southward to the Rio Grande there are at least ten species, and two species in the allied genus Neoplatypedia. In the Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol. XII, pp. 1-12, 1919, Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke has an article on The Distribution of Insects in Western North America, and an examination of the locali- ties given for several species of Cicadas mentioned in this paper, sug- gests that some are confined to the faunal areas defined in the article
June, T920.] DaVIS : XoRTII A.MERICAX CiCADAS. 97
referred to. In time, as more is learned concerning- the distribution of Cicadas, this will no doubt prove to be the case.
In the following pages each species is considered separately, and all specimens mentioned are in the writer's collection unless otherwise stated. I am under obligations to a number of entomologists and various institutions for the privilege of examining specimens, or for material received, and acknowledgment is made in connection with the notes on each species.
A useful table for tlie determination of several of the species of Platyf^cdia will be found in Mr. Van Duzee's Preliminary Review of the West Coast Cicadidc'e, Journal N. Y. Entomological Society, Vol. XXIII, March, 191 5. That author makes the helpful statement that, ■' Normally all our species of Platypcdia have the following pale markings : Sides of the face, supra-antennal plates in part, median line and hind edge of the pronotum, hind margin of the metanotum including the posterior one half of the elevated X> the costal nervure as far as the node and tlie propleura superiorly."
We would like again to emphasize the importance of stretching the specimens, or at least the two wings on the left hand side of the body, so that the characters can be more plainly seen. Tlie mem- branes at the base of the wings in Platypcdia and N'coplatypcdia are often colored in a manner useful in the determination of species, and this character can hardly be seen when the wings are closed. The reproduced photographs on the plate accompanying this article serve to illustrate the size, venation, and general shape of wings and body, but they do not show the often very beautiful and strikingly con- trasted colors exhibited by some of the species.
Key to the Genera .\nd Species of Platvpedia and Neoplatvpedia.
.\pical cells of fore wing eight ; costal vein of fore wings evenly curved except in Platypcdia barbata, where it is somewhat suddenly bent. A ventral view chows the underside of the abdomen not hidden by the closed winijs.
Platypcdia Uhler.
Apical cells of fore wing seven ; costal vein of fore wings expanded and con- spicuously bent beyond the middle of the radial cell. In ventral view the apical portion of the underside of the abdomen is hidden if the wings are closed Neoplatypedia new genus.
98 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Vol. xxyiii.
Genus Platypedia Uhler. A. Fore wings more than twice as long as broad.
B. Large, expanding 40 millimeters or over; uncus when viewed from above long and narrow. C. Head narrow across eyes with front strongly produced.
D. Uncus viewed in profile very thin and flattened at the extremity. Body black, head and thorax dull, abdomen shining, reflec- tions bluish black; fore femora entirely black, pale at ex- tremities ; membranes at base of fore wings orange. Ex- pands about 44 millimeters. Occurs in Arizona, Colorado,
New Mexico mohavensis new species.
DD. Uncus viewed in profile slightly arched above, sinuate beneath, extremity not flattened as in mohavensis. Body blue black, particularly the head and thorax; fore femora chestnut colored above, paler at extremities ; mem- branes at base of fore wings bright orange. Expends about 40 millimeters. Occurs in California. . .rufipes new species. CC. Head broader across the eyes with front not as strongly produced. Uncus viewed in profile arched at top, the arch extending to the extremity, which is thickened ; uncus also deepened near the base in typical putnanii and areolata. E. Body black with bluish reflections especially on the pronotum and mesonotum. Fore femora in mature individuals en- tirely black, pale at extremities, except in variety occiden- talis of piitnami which has chestnut colored fore femora. Vein separating radial cell from ulnar cells black through- out its length in mature individuals. Costal margin of fore wings to end of radial cell brilliant orange ; membranes at base of fore wings bright orange or blood red. Uncus viewed in profile with distal two thirds of lower line not straight, but curved so that the extremity sometimes appears bent downward. Expands about 50 milli- meters. Occurs in Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ne- vada, California putnami (Uhler).
Body blue-black and marked as in typical putnami except the legs which are pale, the fore femora not blackened above, and the other legs also almost wholly chestnut colored. Occurs in western California.
putnami var. occidentalis new variety. Body blue black but duller than in putnami. Costal margin of fore wings to end of radial cell, and membranes at base of fore wings orange. Expands about 53 millimeters. Oc- curs in Utah, Montana, Arizona, Wyoming.
putnami var. lutea new variety.
June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTH AMERICAN CiCADAS. 99
Body almost black, bluish reflections faint. Membranes at base of fore wings pale, often almost white. Uncus viewed in profile arched at top, and usually with distal two thirds of lower line but slightly curved. Expands from 48 to 54 millimeters. Northern California, Oregon.
putnami var. keddiensis new variety. EE. Body black with brassy or greenish reflections. Fore femora almost entirely chestnut colored. Membranes at base of fore wings pale, often almost white. Vein separating radial cell from ulnar cells usually pale throughout its length. Uncus viewed in profile arched at top, distal two thirds of lower line not straight but curved so that the extremity sometimes appears bent downward. Front of head usually quite hairy. Expands from 48 to 54 millimeters. Occurs in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California,
Idaho, Montana areolata (Uhler).
Uncus viewed in profile arched at top but more suddenly declivitous near the tip than in areolata ; distal two thirds of lower line straight or nearly so with a subapical sinu- ation. Veins of fore wings almost entirely pale, except those surrounding the first and second ulnar areas, and the first seven apical areas, which are black or nearly so. Expands from 40 to 44 millimeters. Occurs in California.
similis new species.
Uncus when viewed in profile evenly arched at top, and with
lower line straight for part of its length before the hooked
extremity. Hairs on front of head long and conspicuous.
Costal margin of fore wings chestnut colored. Expands 45
millimeters. Occurs in Texas falcata new species.
BB. Small, expanding about 38 millimeters ; uncus when viewed from above
broadly ovate. Fore wing 17 X 6.5 mm.
Uncus when viewed from above '" nearly as broad as long, with its
apex subacute." Last ventral segment in female with notch broadly
V-shaped. Membranes at base of fore wings pale orange. Expands
about 38 millimeters. Occurs in California aperta Van Duzee.
AA. Fore wings much broader, the breadth being equal to about one half the distance from the basal cell to the apex of the wing. Uncus when viewed from above broadly lanceolate and subacute at apex, its width almost half the length. Last ventral segment in female with notch more narrowly V-shaped than in aperta. Membranes at base of fore wings orange. Expands about 36 millimeters. Occurs in California
and Nevada vanduzeei new species.
Uncus when viewed from above long and slender ; seen in profile nearly straight below, arched above. Last ventral segment in female with notch
100
TouRXAL New York Entomological Society. LVoi.xxviiL
V-shaped. Membranes at base of fore wings almost white. Fore wings proportionately broader than in vanduzeei. Expands about 41 milli- meters. Occurs in California, Nevada, Colorado minor Uhler.
Uncus when viewed from above narrow ; when seen in profile somewhat resembling in shape that of pufnami. Last ventral segment in female with notch U-shaped. Costal margin of fore wing slightly bent near the end of the radial cell. Membranes at base of fore wings red. Expands about 38 millimeters. Occurs in California barbata new species.
Platypedia mohavensis new species. Plate V, fig. i.
Type male and allotype female, from Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co., Arizona, 19 19 (J. A. Crosby). Davis collection.
Resembles Platypedia putnami, but is much slimmer, has a narrower head, and very protruding front. The uncus in putnami is large and has a dorsal ridge extending to the thick rounded point ; in mohavensis it is much smaller, the dorsal ridge is low or almost absent, and does not extend to the thin and flattened rounded extremity. Last ventral segment of the male narrow and rounded at apex; valve not as long as in putnami, but of the same general shape. Last ventral segment in the female with the notch narrower than in
Platypedia mohavensis
putnami, which results in the extremities on each side of the notch being much more broadly rounded.
The body is dull blue-black covered in greater part with white hairs, which are particularly long behind the eyes, about the mesonotal X, and especially so beneath. The following markings are orange : supira-antennal plates in part, a small dot at the base of the vertex continued as a median line on the pronotum, which, however, does not reach the orange colored hind margin or collar; hind margin of the mesonotum including only part of the mesonotal X, and hind margin of the metanotum. Membrane at base of fore wings orange, also the costal margin to end of radial cell,- remainder of venation black or nearly so. Veins of the hind wings pale except about the apical cells. The
June, 1920.]
Davis: Xortii American Cicadas.
101
femora are blackened above in the middle and hind legs except at the extremi- ties, while in the fore legs they are entirely black except at the extremities. The niercanthi arc long and pointed, orange in color.
Me.^surements i.\ Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 21 19
Width of head across eyes 5 5
Expanse of fore wings 45 45
Length of valve 5-5
In addition to the type and allotype there have been examined twenty-nine males and twenty-nine females from Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co.. Arizona, collected by Mr. J. A. Crosby in the spring or early summer of 1919. In this long series the colors are exactly as in the type and allotype.
Stockton. Utah, May, 1916. male (Tom Spalding).
Bondad. Colorado, June 2.y, 1919. about 6,100 ft., male -and three females (Dr. F. E. Lutz), collection American Museum of Natural History.
Chaves, New ^Mexico, female (from Prof. H. F. W'ickham).
Platypedia -rufipes
In the Utah, Colorado and New Mexico specimens, the color at the base of both pairs of wings is of a slightly darker orange than in the types.
Platypedia rufipes new species. Plate V, fig. 2.
Type male and allotype female, from Los Angeles Co., California, May (Coquillett). Collection U. S. National Museum.
102 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, [^'oi- xxviii.
Resembles Platypedia luoliavensis in having a relatively small head and protruding front. The uncus is bent downward at the extremity, slightly ridged on the dorsal surface; when seen in profile the lower line is sinuate and the basal third is without the deepened area to be found in putnami and areolata. Last ventral segment of the male rounded at apex ; valve shorter and more robust than in mohavensis. Last ventral segment in the female with the notch somewhat U-shaped and in form about as in mohavensis, that is not as broadly open as in areolata and putnami. The pale markings of the body are those common to the genus, as already mentioned. In iiwJiavensis the venation of the fore wings is almost entirely black except the costal margin to the end of the radial area, while in the present species the vein separating the ulnar areas from the radial area is orange ; the veins surrounding the last two ulnar areas are also almost wholly orange, while the veins surrounding the marginal areas are nearly all black. The membranes at the base of the fore wings are bright orange. The venation of the hind wings is pale, except about the marginal areas, where it is nearly entirely black.
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 18.5 17.5
Width of head across eyes 5 5.25
Expanse of fore wings 40 42
Length of valve 3.5
In addition to the type and allotype five females have been ex- amined, collected in Los Angeles Co., California, May (Coquillett).
In the collection of the California Academy of Sciences there is a large male with wings expanding 52 millimeters, from Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mts., California, May 17, 1919 (J. O. ^Martin), that is considered here on account of the form of the uncus which resem- bles that of the type of nifipcs except that it is much straighter along the lower line. The front of the head is prominent ; the fore femora are chestnut colored, darkened beneath ; femora of middle and hind pairs of legs striped with black; tibiae blackened at the basal joints. The fore wings have the costal margin bright orange to the end of the radial cell, but the remainder of the venation is darker than in the seven specimens of nifipcs. This insect may belong to a distinct species.
Platypedia putnami (Uhler). Plate V, fig. 3.
1877. Cicada putnami Uhler, Bulletin \]. S'. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, iii, p. 455.
June, 1920.]
Davis: North American' Cicadas.
103
The original description of this species states that the head, pro- notum and mesonotum are " blue-black " ; the " hemelytra and wings hyaline . . . base, tegulse. and costal nervures orange, the latter long and broadly arcuated ; the marginal nervure beyond the anastomosis and all the other nervules blackish-piceous." The legs are described as having the " femora broadly black on the upper, fore, and hinder sides; the anterior pair also black on the under side." "'Length to end of genital sheath 21 millimeters; to tip of closed hemeKtra 26 millimeters." In Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 23, April, 1888. Uhler says of pntnami: "This species is generally of a bright steel blue color, distinctly marked with brilliant orange. It has been taken at Ogden, Utah, in Clear Creek Canyon, Col., and in several parts of the mountainous regions of Xevada." In the original de- scription the types are said to have been " collected in the vicinity of Clear Creek, Colorado, by Mr. J. Duncan Putnam." The male figured
m
Platypedia putnami
on our plate came from Clear Creek Canyon. Colorado, about thirty- five miles west of Denver, from which Uhler's types also came. A male labeled '' Platypedia putnami Uhler. Clear Creek. Col.," is in the Uhler collection, U. S. National Museum, and is. no doubt, one of the specimens from which the original description was made. A female from Ogden, Utah, is also in the Uhler collection and is probably the one referred to by him in 1888 as mentioned above. We, however, regard this as belonging to variety liitea.
104 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxviii.
Specimens have been examined as follows : Colorado. — Clear Creek, male and female (Oslar). Chimney Gulch, Golden, 7,500 ft., three males, four females without date, and male and female July i, 1913 (Oslar). Bear Creek, Morrison. July 2'j, 1913, male and female (Oslar). Platte Cai]yon, 8,000 ft., July 10, 1913, male and five females (Oslar). Golden, June 26, 19 11, male (E. A. Frost). Alamosa, June 21, 1912, male and three females (Oslar). Durango, May 27, 1912, male; June 3, 1912, female; June 10, 19 12,. male, and three males, two females without date (Oslar). Some of the specimens from Alamosa and Durango may be immature ; the wings are not as clear as usual and the fore femora are not as black except in one male.
The following Colorado specimens are in the United States Na- tional Museum: Fort Collins, June 16, 1899, n^ale; Canon City, male (Wickham) ; Chimney Gulch, May 13, 1901, female (Dyar and Cau- dell) ; Platte Canyon, May 25, 1901, female, and June i, 1901, female (Dyar and Caudell) ; Boulder, June 3, 1901, male and female (Dyar and Caudell) ; Golden, June 5, 1901, female (Dyar and Caudell) ; Mill Gulch, Platte Canyon, May 30, 1919, male and four females (L. O. Jackson). In the collection of the Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia there is a specimen from Manitou, July i.
In the American Museum of Natural History are the following Colorado specimens collected by Dr. Frank E. Lutz : Starkville, June 13, 1919, about 6,800 ft., thirteen males, nine females; Pagosa Springs, June 21-23, 19^9) about 7.500 ft., male; Bondad, June 27, 1919, about 6,100 ft., male, two females; Mesa Verde, July 3-7, 19 19, about 7,300 ft., three males, three females. Dr. Lutz noted in connection with those collected at Starkville, that their song was a '' clicking sound ; about eight clicks, rapid at first, but slowing."
Nebraska. — Hat Creek Valley, Sioux Co., July, 1896, two males, two females (H. G. Barber), Davis collection, and two males, three females collected at the same place and time, H. G. Barber collection. Squaw Canyon. Sioux Co., June, 1896 (Barber), H. G. Barber col- lection. Mr. Barber writes that there were great numbers of putnami in western Nebraska where he collected in 1896. Monroe Canyon, Sioux Co., June, 191 1, male and two females (R. W. Dawson). War Bonnet Canyon, Sioux Co., May 20, 1901, two males (L. Bruner), and June 2/, 191 1, three females (R. W. Dawson). Including those
June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. 105
just mentioned I have seen ii8 specimens from Sioux Co. in the northwest corner of Nebraska, 'kindly sent to me for examination from the University of Nebraska. All show bluish reflections with red-orange markings including the costa to the end of the radial cell.
Nevada. — Four females labeled '" Nevada " from collection Uni- versity of ^linnesota. These are typical putnauii. In the Uhler col- lection, U. S. National Museum, there are nine females and two males labeled " Nevada" which also appear to be typical putnami.
New Mexico. — Jemez Springs, Sandoval County, 6.400 ft., col- lected by John Woodgate, May, 1916, fifty-two males, thirty-eight females; June, 1916, three males, five females; July, 1916, male and two females at 7,500 ft.; June, 1917, female, and June 7, 1917, female at 8.000 ft.; May, 1918, male; June, 1918, fifteen males, thirteen females; July, 1918, female; ]\Iay, 1919, eight males, three females; June. 1919, twenty-six males and fifty-nine females. In 1916 Mr. \\'oodgate wrote " the cicadas of which I sent you so many specimens, swarmed everywhere here this summer."' Cloudcroft, 9,000 ft., female (Warren Knaus). Box Canyon, June, 19 12, female. Four miles southeast of Santa Fe, N. INI., on the old Sante Fe trail, 7,000 ft., on scrub pine and cedar, June 15, 19 18, male and three females (Warren Knaus). Mr. Knaus writes: "The small species did not attempt to fly, except an occasional short flight; did not sing, but made a snap, snap, snap, snap, noise." Ft. Wingate, ]May 4, 1908 (John Woodgate), collection Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
California. — Los Angeles County, two females without date (B. Neubarth). These specimens have the legs somewhat lighter colored than typical putnami. They expand 48 millimeters. In the absence of male specimens they are doubtfully placed here.
Mr. J. Duncan Putnam, after whom this species was named, was connected with the Davenport, Iowa, /\cademy of Natural Sciences, and in the proceedings of that society. Vol. II, 1876-1878, "Cicada putnami Uhler '' is figured on plate IV, figs. 2 and 3, male and female. Figure 3 gives a side view with wings closed ; figure 4, with wings expanded. It is stated that the figures were " Drawn and engraved on stone by Herman Strecker." The figures are not accompanied by any account of the species.
106 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
Platypedia putnami var. occidentalis new variety.
Type male and allotype female, Carrville, Trinity Co., California, June 21, 1913 (Dr. E. C. Van Dyke). Collection California Academy of Sciences.
This variety has the head and thorax blue-black, marked with brilliant orange as in typical putnaiiii, but it is generally larger and has lighter colored legs. The front femora are not shining black with extremities pale as is the case with Nebraska, Colorado, Montana and New Mexico specimens of putnami, but with the exception of being slightly darkened beneath, the femora are entirely light chestnut colored or reddish orange. The fore wings have slightly yellowish reflections; costal margin is brilliant orange to the end of the radial cell, the remaining veins are black or nearly so, and the membranes at base are brilliant orange.
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 22.5 21
Width of head across eyes 6.5 6.5
Expanse of fore wings 49 54
Length of valve 6
Specimens of this variety have been examined from the western part of California only. They are as follows : — Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co., July 20, female (Dyar and Caudell) ; Navarro, Mendocino Co., June 7, female (Behrens), collection United States National Museum. Carrville, Trinity Co., June i, 1913, male, and June 3, 1913, female (E, C. Van Dyke). Sonoma County, April, 1914, two females. Marin County, two females in collection American Museum of Natural History.
Platypedia putnami var. lutea new variety. Plate V, fig. 4.
Type male, State Canyon, Provo, Utah, July 7, 19 16 (Tom Spalding). Davis collection.
Allotype female, State Canyon, Provo, Utah, July i, 1916 (Tom Spalding). Davis collection.
This variety is blue-black but not so much so as in typical putnami, and has the lighter markings orange-yellow instead of the brilliant orange or blood-red of typical putnami. The fore femora are entirely black except the extremities, as in putnami. In Colorado and western Nebraska the colors of putnami are remarkable for their brilliancy, the membranes at the base of the fore wings are often of a blood-red, while further west true putnami is replaced in cer- tain areas as in Utah by the present variety with orange-yellow markings, which contrast strongly with the somewhat dull blue-black of the greater part of the body.
June, 1920.]
Davis: North American Cicadas.
107
03
PlATYFEDIA PUTNAMI VAI?. LUTEA
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 23 23
Width of head across eyes 6 7
Expanse of fore wings S3 59
Length of valve 6
In the Uhler Collection, U. S. National Museum, there is a male of this variety from "Am. Fk. Can. Ut.. June 27,, 1891,'' laheled "P. arcolata Uhl. Det. by Uhler," also a female of the same variety and from the same place and collected at the same time, labeled " P. piit- naml Uhl. Det. by Uhler." This goes to show that Uhler was un- certain about the form which we have here called littca.
Other specimens examined are as follows:
Utah. — Ft. Douglas, July, two females (Prof. H. I*". Wickham). Provo, June 4. 1910, two females; June 17, 1912, five males, one female (Tom Spalding). State Canyon, Provo, July, 1916, thirteen males, nine females; June 17, 1917, six males, two females; June, 1918, male (Tom Spalding). Stockton, May, 1916, female (Tom Spalding). Kaysville, Davis Co., June 23. 191 2. two females (E. R. Kalmbach). Bellevue, Washington Co., 4.000 ft., June, 19 17, male and female (G. P. Engelhardt), Davis collection, and same locality and date two males and a female, collection Museum Brooklyn Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. In the U. S. National Museum are the fol- lowing:— Kamas. two females (H. E. Burke) ; Ogden. June 20, 1885,
108
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
male; "Utah," June i6, 1904, three females (S. L. Vail); Kaysville, June 23, 1912, two males (E. R. Kalmbach).
Wyoming. — Bridger Basin, male and female, collection ^Museum Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Montana. — Gallatin Co., 5,000 ft., July 10, 1902, male (R. Berston), IMontana Agri. Experiment Station.
Arizona. — Top of Grand Canyon, June 6. 1916, male and three fe- males (G. P. Engelhardt). Mohave Co., 1919, male (J. A. Crosby). Moran's Point, Grand Canyon, June, 1901, two females, collection Am. Museum of Natural History. Grand Canyon, June 16, 1907, 7,000 ft., male (H. A. Kaeber), collection Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Williams, May 26-28, four males (Barber and Schwarz), collection U. S. Nat. Museum.
Platypedia putnami var. keddiensis new variety.
Type male, Keddie, Plumas Co., California, May 16, 1919 (Mrs. Luman). Davis collection.
Allotype female, Keddie, Plumas Co., California, June, 1918 (Frank Mor- ton Jones). Davis collection.
The front femora in this variety are black, except the distal extremities, and the vein separating the radial cell from the ulnar cells is black throughout its length. It is a darker form than areolata and the reflections are slightly
m
PlATYPID/A putnami VA-R, KEDI1(£NS|S
bluish in color. The membranes at the Ijase of the fore wings are almost white as in typical areolata, not orange as in variety lutea, and the costal margin to the end of the radial cell shows a brownish tint, not the brilliant orange or reddish-orange of putnami, or the clear orange of variety lutea
June, 1920.] Davis: Xortii Ami-ricax Cicadas. 109
frona Utah, Montana, and Arizona. The uncus approaches in shape that of Platypedia siniilis from further south.
Me.\sl-rements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 2i 23
Width of head across eyes 6 6.5
Expanse of fore wings 49 52
Length of valve 5.5
In addition to the type and allotype the following specimens have been examined, from California: — Keddie, Plumas Co., June 7, 1918, female, June 24, 1918, female, June 28, 1918, female (Frank Morton Jones) ; May 16, 1919, male (Mrs. Luman). Plumas County, June 14. 1913, female (F. W. Xunenmacher). Lassen County, June 5, 1913, male (F. W. Nunenmacher).
In the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College, there is a female labeled Corvallis. Oregon, July 8, 1896.
Platypedia areolata (Uhler). Plate V, fig. 5.
1 86 1. Cicada areolata Uhler. Proceedings Academy Xat. Sciences of Philadelphia, xiii, p. 2S5.
In the original description the color is given as " black, with a slightly aeneous tinge'"; the "eyes very prominent"; the " hemelytra
03
Platypedia areolata
broad, obtuse, dilated upon the costal margin to the tip of the first marginal areolet, costa and two posterior longitudinal veins at base, yellow, remainder of the veins piceous, veins of the wings yellow,
110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxviii
piceous at the tip, excepting the middle longitudinal one, which is piceous almost to the base " ; the " legs orange, the anterior femora black beneath " ; the " penis cover [uncus] is subfusiform, carinated above, and with an interrupted groove exterior to the concave sulcus present upon each side of the middle." The length is given as 21 millimeters, and the expanse as 50 millimeters. The type locality is given as " east of Fort Colville in Washington Territory." In the Uhler collection, U. S. National Museum there is a single female labeled "Cicada arcolata Uhler, E. of Ft. Colville, N. W. Bound. Surv." This is no doubt one of the types mentioned in the original description. It expands 56 millimeters and the fore wings are 10 millimeters broad. The reflections are brassy. The fore legs are now missing, but we have Uhler's statement in the original descrip- tion, '' legs orange the anterior femora black beneath."
In the Bulletin of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1874-1875, Vol. I, p. 343, Uhler has this to say of the distribution of arcolata: "Collected in Cache Valley, Utah, by C. Thomas, but previously known from San Mateo, Cal. (A. Agassiz) ; from Ogden, Utah; from Virginia City, Nev. (J. Behrens) ; and from Washington Territory." The Cache Valley and Ogden, Utah, speci- mens belonged probably to what is described in this paper as pntnami var. Intea, and the San Mateo, California, material no doubt belonged to what we call Platypodia similis. •
Specimens have been examined as follows :
British Columbia. — North Bend, June 6, 1892, two femafes, U. S. National Museum. Armstrong, July, 1914, male (W. Downes), col- lection Dept. of Agriculture Province of Nova Scotia. Lardo, Kootenay Lake, June 17, 1905, male (J. Chester Bradley), Cornell University.
Washington. — " Wash. T.," no date, female, collection U. S. National Museum. Logie Creek, Yakima Co., June 16, 191 3, three males and two females (Clarence H. Kennedy). Concerning these specimens Mr. Kenned}^ writes as follows : " They were taken on alder, sumac and balsam trees along Logie Creek. Their call is not like the 17-year form, nor like the eastern harvest flies, but consists of just a few clicks. Until I stumbled on to one clicking it had not occurred to me that they were cicadas." One of the males from Yakima Co. is figured and genitalia drawn.
June, 1920.] Davis: Xokth American- Cicadas. Ill
Oregon. — Dilley, female in tlic collection of the Museum Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, female in the writer's collection, and a male and female in the collection of H. G. Barhcr. all without date. \\'ilson, June 7. 1915, female (M. M. Rheer). Corvallis, May, 1901, male; May. 1908, female (Elta Baber) ; May 28, Vnale (Mark Wright) ; June 5, 1912, male (L. G. Gentner) ; male without date (W. J. Chamherlin). Mary's Peak, Lincoln Co., May. three males and one female (W. J. Chamherlin). Odell, June 10, 1914, male. In the collection of the Oregon Agricultural College there is a long series of over forty specimens of arcolata which I have been permitted to examine through the courtesy of Prof. A. C. Lovett. Those from Corvallis range in date from April i (1897) to June 16 (1896). There is. however, a single male from Hood River, August 15, 19 13, and another male labeled Philomarth, Sept. 14, 1906 (Schranck). Two females were collected in the Santiam National Forest, April 27, 1915, by W. J. Chamherlin.
Idaho. — Wallace, June 9, 1915, male, two females; ]\Iay 2, 1916, male; 'Sla.y 3. 1916, male and female; May 23, 1916. female; ]\Iay 31, 1916, female; June 9, 1916, female; May 8. 1917. male; May 9, 1917, male; May 14, 1917. three females; ]\Iay 18. 1917. male; June 3, 1918, female; June 9, 1918, female; June 18, 1918, male; June 24, 1918, female; April 24. 19 19. male; April 2S, 1919. male; April 30, 1919, male; May 12, 1919, female; May 14, 1919. female; May 16. 1919, male and female; ]\Iay 18, 1919, male; May 25, 1919, female; June i, 19 1 9, female; June 22, 1919, two females (Otto Huellemann). This long series of twelve males and nineteen females collected during the past five years by Mr. Huellemann show no variation. Mt. Moscow, female (Frank Magee). ?iIoscow !Mts., July 8, 1898, female, collec- tion Am. Museum of Natural History. Troy. May 31, 1908, two females ( E. T. Cresson, Jr.), collection Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Montana. — Bonner, May 26, 1904. male, collection Brooklyn Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. Bear Dance. Flat Head Co., June 7. 191 2, male. Four other specimens from Bear Dance, collected June 7, 191 2, and two females from Thompson Falls, Missoula Co., are in the col- lection of the Montana Agrictultural Experiment Station.
California. — Humboldt Co., May 22. 1911. male (F. W. Xunen-
112
TouR^^A.L Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
macher). Siskiyou Co., June i, 1911, female (F. W. Nunenmacher). In the writer's collection there are also two males and three females collected in Mariposa Co., June 6 and 17, 1914, that may not be areolata as they are very much smaller, expanding from 40 to 46 millimeters.
Platypedia similis new species. Plate V, fig. 6.
Type male and allotype female from Sonoma Co., California, ]March 15, 1914. Davis collection.
Resembles Platypedia areolata. but is smaller and has a differently shaped uncus.
Shape of head as in areolata, except that the front is usually a little more prominent. The frontal sulcus is well defined and continuous, whereas in areolata it is interrupted at about the seventh or eighth transverse ridge, with the ridge itself often plainly continuing across the sulcus. The uncus is almost straight for the distal half or more of the lower line except for a subapical sinuation, while the dorsal arch is higher, also more suddenly declivitous at the extremity than in areolata. The last ventral segment in the male is not
m
V
Platypedia similis
as broadly rounded at the extremity as in areolata. The notch in the last ventral segment of the female is the same in both species, that is V-shaped. The body is black with a brassy tinge, and the usual paler marks are yellowish orange as in areolata ; the legs are almost wholly chestnut colored ; the membranes at the base of the fore wings are almost white, and the venation of both pairs of wings, except about the marginal cells, is pale in the types. The collar or hind margin of pronotum is usually more broadly pale colored than in areolata
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type.
Length of body 21.5
Width of head across eyes 5.5
Female Allotype. 18
5-5
June,i920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. 113
Expanse of fore wings 43 43
Length of valve 5.3
In addition to the tyjjc and allotype specimens have l)ccn examined from nimierous localities in California, wliicli it will he noted are generally near the western part of the state and west of the Coast Ran.2:e.
California. — Sonoma Co.. Feliruary, 1913, male (Oslar); March 10, 1914, male and five females; March 15, 1914, two males; May i, 1914. male and four females; April, two males, four females. Eldridge. Sonoma Co.. April 19. 191 7. three males. Sonoma Co., May 2, 191 7, two males. San Mateo Co., June 8, 191 7, two females (F. W. Nunenmacher). Crystal Lake, San Mateo Co., May 14. 191 6, male (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell). Santa Cruz Co., April, 191 7, male (E. R. Leach). Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., ^May 26, 1914, male and female (Clarence H. Kennedy). ]\Iilpitas, Santa Clara Co., May 4, male ( R. J. Smith). Havilah, Kern Co.. June, 1913, female. Los Angeles, May 20. 1918. male, and Griffith Park. Los Angeles, May 13, 1918, male (Frank Morton Jones).
In the collection of the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, there is a male from Camp Taylor. Marin Co.. Cali- fornia. June. 1906, in which the transverse ruga;, the femora, tihiai and costal margin of the fore wings are of a red-orange color. The transverse ruga; are usually black in siiiiilis, but except in color the specimen appears to be a similis.
In Mr. E. P. Van Duzee's collection there are the following from Marin Co., California: — Lagunitas, ]\Iarch 9. 1913, male (Dr. E. C. Van Dyke); Mt. Tamalpais, May 7. 191 1, female (Dr. E. C. Van Dyke).
While this species resembles arcolata in coloring, the uncus differs more in shape than does that of arcolata from pui)iami. The form of the frontal sulcus also seems to be a good character whereby similis may be separated from arcolata.
Platypedia falcata new species. Plate V. fig. 7.
Type male. El Paso, Texas, .\ugust (G. \V. Dunn). Davis collection. Head narrow across the eyes, front prominent and clothed with long black hairs on face with silvery hairs beneath the eyes. Top of head, pronotum and
114
Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI.xxn'III.
mesonotum clothed with long black hairs. Beneath extremely hairy, the hairs light in color. The uncus, much bent downward at extremity as shown in the illustratioji. The usual pale markings are present but are more chestnut col- ored than they commonly are. In the fore wings the costal margin to the end of the radial cell, likewise most of the venation except about the marginal cells is chestnut colored : the basal membranes are almost white. The femora
03
Platypedia falcata
are chestnut colored, those of the first pair of legs blackish beneath, and of the other two pairs striped on the sides with black.
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type.
Length of body 20
Width of head across eyes 5.5
Expanse of fore wings 46
Length of valve 5
This species may be known from the other members of the genus by the differently shaped uncus, and the long stiff black hairs on the front of the head, and on other parts of the body. Only the type has so far been examined. ^
Platypedia aperta Van Duzee. Plate V, fig. 8.
1915. Journal N. Y. Entomological Society, XXIII, p. 29.
Jn the original description this species is said to be "about 16 mm.
to tip of abdomen, with the elytral venation black and the inner
margin of the second ulnar areole more rectilinear, scarcely more
angled than in arcolata." No other species of the genus so far ex-
June, 1920.] Davis: XoRTH American- Cicadas. 115
amined has the uncus " nearly as broad as long," as it is in apcrta. In the female the notch in the last ventral segment is broadly V-shaped. In this species the fore wings are of the same general shape as in
SO
Platvped/a apekta
putnami and arcolata, that is proportionately narrower than in van- diiaeci, minor and barbata.
The species was described from seven males and two females taken by ^Ir. Van Duzee at Alpine, San Diego Co., California, June 8. 191 3, and June 6. 1914. and one male from San Diego city, taken May 20, 1913. Three of the cotypes. taken on June 6, 1914, have been kindly contributed to the writer's collection by Mr. Van Duzee. The holotype, San Diego Co., Calif., June 8. 1913. male (E. P. Van Duzee), is figured on the plate. Prof. Wm. S. Wright has sent three females from San Diego, Calif., collected ]\Iay 24, 1913.
Platypedia vanduzeei new species. Plate V, fig. g.
Type male and allotype female, San Diego Co., California, March 22, 1914 (E. P. Van Duzee). Collection California Academy of Sciences.
Front of head moderately produced, with the sulcus distinct and the sides nearly parallel, not expanding below the middle as in minor. Head broader across the eyes than the front margin of the pronotum ; sides of the pronotum nearly parallel until just before the posterior angles when the pronotum is suddenly widened at the collar. Body very hairy, the hairs on the head and pronotum darker than those on the rest of the body, especially on the under side, where they are almost white. Fore wings with the front margin evenly but considerably curved ; the wings themselves are broader across the middle than in aperta. Uncus when viewed from above broadly lanceolate and sub- acute at ape.x, its width about half the length; seen in profile when raised above the valve it resembles the upturned head of a broad-headed snake. In the female the notch in the last ventral segment \'-shaped.
116 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xxviii.
General color bronze-black, the abdomen more shining. Membranes at base of fore wings orange ; costal margin dull orange to end of radial cell ; veins surrounding the apical areas of both pairs of wings black or nearly so. The pale marks on the body are those usual to the genus. The fore femora are black beneath, paler above, usually chestnut colored, sometimes striped.
ATYPEBIA VANXIUZEEl
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 14 i3-S
Width of head across eyes 4.5 4.5
Expanse of fore wings 35 36
Length of valve '..... 2.5
In addition to the type and allotype the following have been ex- amined from California: — San Diego, May 5, 1891, three males, and May 10, 1891, one female (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell) ; San Diego Comity, March 22, 1914, four females (E. P. Van Duzee). In Mr. Van Duzee's collection there are three males and one female also collected by him in San Diego County, March 22, 1914. Los Angeles, 1887, male (Coquillett). Hills near Los Angeles, May 11, 1915, female (Alonzo Davis) ; Los Angeles, May 27, 1916, two males (Alonzo Davis). Griffith Pa'rk, Los Angeles, May 11, 1918, male and two females, and May 13, 19 18, male (Frank Morton Jones). Pasadena, June 19, 1916, female and May, 1918, male (Alonzo Davis). Uni- versal City, June 9, 1915, male (C. A. Hill). Santa Barbara, May 5, 1919, sixteen males and six females. May 20. 1919, four males and two females (F. E. Winters). "California," six males and four females.
Mr. Winters writes of the cicadas he collected at Santa Barbara as follows : " In the first week of May I caught my first cicadas on
June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. 117
the steep embankment of a hill road struck by the afternoon sun and protected by the hill and hutce eucalptus trees from the sea winds. They were sitting on wild anise or dill, preferring the stem about two feet from the ground. They were not very shy and picking them with my fingers I found the best method of collecting. Sweeping did not prove effective, for as soon as the outer branches of the wild anise, which reaches a height of three or four feet, were hit. they would let themselves drop before llio main stem was reached by the net. They cling to the stem head up." The cicadas were confined to the before-mentioned embankment of the short hill road, about 300 yards in length, and Mr. Winters was unable to find a single specimen in any other locality. He continues : " Collected on the 20th inst. some more of the cicadas, six in all, but confined to one bush, and not a single one anywhere else."
In the Uhler collection, U. S. National Museum there is a single male labeled " Nevada."
This species is smaller than minor and resembles in size both apcrta and barbata. From the former it differs in having broader fore wings and a narrower uncus; from barbata it may be told by the ' front margin of the fore wing having a more even curve, that is not as bent at the end of the radial cell, and by tlic shape of the uncus as figured. In the female the notch in the last ventral segment is not as broadly V-shaped as in apcrta.
In his Preliminary -Review of the West Coast Cicadida; already referred to, Mr. Van Duzee writes of this species under the name of viiiior Uhler, as follows: "This distinct little species seems to be con- • fined to the southern portion of the state where it is very abundant at times. It is found on grassy hillsides from tlie last of March to about the first of July where it may generally be found resting on the stems of the sage bush. It has a short peeping note which is difticult to locate."
The reasons for having first identified this insect as minor Uhler, are considered in the remarks on tliat species.
Platypedia minor IhKr. Plate V, fig. 10.
1888. Entoniologica Anuricana. I\', p. 81.
In the original descrijition it is stated, " color a bronze-black, more highly jiolished upon the tergum than elsewhere; the surface, except-
118
Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxviii.
ing the tergum and notum invested with long gray, or yellowish hairs and with white hairs around the meso-thoracic cross . . . front having the sulcus distinct from the base to below the middle, and thence ex- panding and becoming effaced, with the margins distinctly carinated, and the transverse grooves distinct . . . legs flavo-piceous, clothed with long remote white hairs and bristles, the coxse. knees, and tarsi dark piceous. Wing-covers hyaline, somewhat tinged with fulvous at base, . . . membrane of base of wings and basal portion of nervures white." Length of body 16-17 ^'^^ > to tip of closed wings 22-23 ^^- ] width of base of pronotum 5^-6 mm. The type material is said to be ■■ Three specimens examined from Southern California," all males.
m
Platypodia minor
Recently the Uhler collection in the United States National Mu- seum was examined to see if the three males used in the original description could be found. A male was discovered bearing three labels. The first reads '" Cal. S. " ; the second "Platypodia minor Uhler, San Mateo," and the third "Platypcdia minor Uhler, San Mateo, Det. Uhler." The fact that " Cal. S." is on this specimen would seem to indicate that it belonged to the type series, though San Mateo is only about half way down the coast of California. Though now old and slightly broken this insect answers Uhler's de- scription. A figure of the specimen is given on our plate. The uncus it rather slender, nearly straight below, arcuated above.
In his note on Platypcdia minor, Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, Vol. XXIII, p. 28, 191 5, Mr. Van Duzee stated that what he was identify- ing as jninor was somewhat smaller than called for in the original description, and that the true minor might be one of the other species
June, i9::o.] DaVIS : XoRTII AMERICAN CiCADAS. • 119
mentioned in his paper. We now find this to he the case thus making Platypcdia intermedia a synonym of minor. The statement hy Uhler that his minor came from Southern California was misleading::.
This insect seems to he very common in parts of California and numerous examples have heen examined as follows : — Humholdt Co., May 15. 191 1, female; May 22, 191 1, female (F. \V. Nunenmacher). Trinity Co.. May 7. 191 7, six males, four females; May 8, 191 7, one male, three females; May 30, 1917. four males, five females (F. W. Nunenmacher); May 30, 1917. three females; April 18. 1918, male; June 16. 1918, male (E. R. Leaclij. Mendocino Co.. May 10, 1919, six males and six females (E. R. Leach). Ukiah, Mendocino Co., April 23. 1919. six males, three females; April 30, 1919, four males, one female; May 2, 1919. male; May 6, 1919, three males, three fe- males; May 26, 1919, male; May 2^. 1919, nine males; May 30, 1919, two males and one female (Esther P. Hewlett). Sonoma Co., March 15, 1914, one male, four females; March 31, 1914, six males; April, 19 14, three males, one female; May i, 19 14. two males, two females; May 5. 1914, two males; May 10, 1914, three males, two females; May 20, 1914. female. Eldridge, Sonoma Co., April 19, 1917, male; April 20, 1917. two females; April 28, 1917, one male, four females. Sonoma Co., May 2, 1917, five males, three females (J. A. Kusche) received through the kindness of Mr. Morgan Hehard. Fairfax, Marin Co.. April 5. 1914. male; May 7, 191 1, female (Dr. E. C. Van Dyke). Muir Woods, Marirr Co., April 23, 191 1, male (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell). Contra Costa Co.. May 6, 1918, male (E. R. Leach). Mills College. Alameda Co., April 25, 1908. Alameda Co., May 20, 1909, female (F. W. Nunenmacher). Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., six males, four females (Clarence H. Kennedy). Crystal Lake, San Mateo Co., May 7, 1916, male; May 14, 1916, female (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell). San ]\Iateo Co.. June 8. 191 7, female (E. R. Leach). San Louis Ohispo. April, female.
Through the courtesy of Mr. E. P. \'an Duzee the writer has heen enabled to examine the following from his collection : — Sohre Vista, Sonoma Co., Calif., May 12, 1910, male holotype of intermedia Van D. ; Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif., May 15, 1914, male (J. A. Kusche) ; Fairfax. Marin Co., Calif., ^L'ly 7, 191 1, female (E. C. \'an r\vke). In the collection of the Dei)t. of Agriculture. Harri>l)urg, Pa.,
120 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
examined through the courtesy of Josef N. Knull, there are two males from Corte Madera, Marin Co., CaHf., April 17, 1915.
In the United States National Museum there are the following from California : — Santa Cruz Mts., three males and a female ; San Jose, male (A. E. Bush) ; Napa Co., female (J. J. Rivers).
In the Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, there is a male from Mt. Diablo, Pine Canyon, California, May 10, 1893.
In the writer's collection there are twenty-two males and thirty- five females collected at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June, 19 19 (Oslar). Glenwood Springs is on the Grand River, one of the tribu- taries of the Colorado. We have also seen a female of this species from the collection of the University of Minnesota labeled Nevada. In the American Museum of Natural History there is a male labeled Mazatlan, Mexico. It is an old, discolored specimen, but the charac- ters are all plain including the shape of the uncus. It appears to belong to the species tuider consideration.
Platypedia barbata new species. Plate V, fig. 11.
Type male and allotype female from San Louis Obispo, California, April. Davis collection.
Resembles Platypedia vanduzeei in size, but may be separated by the broader fore wings which have the costal margin rather suddenly bent, and by the narrower uncus, as mentioned in the key.
Front of head moderately prominent,' about as much so as in vanditzeei; sides of pronotum not as parallel as in vanduaeei, but somewhat converging
PLATYPEDI/i BAX^ATA
toward the eyes. Excepting the tergum the bpdy is covered with long hairs both above and below, the hairs on the under side are white except on the face where they are almost black. The pale colors of the upper surface are those common to the genus, and as in aperta and vanduseei, except that the membranes at the base of the fore wings are more red than orange. Beneath the legs are mostly chestnut colored, the anterior femora darkened beneath
June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTII AmF.RICAX CiCADAS. 121
and all of the femora faintly striped. Tibiae darkened at the knees. Uncus when viewed from above long and narrow, riJiinded at the extremity, faintly keeled near the base ; seen in profile sinuate along the lower margin. Last ventral segment of the female allotype has the notch U-shaped, and not broadly V-shaped as in afcria, nor more narrowly V-shaped as in vanduseei.
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body i5o i6
Width of head across eyes 4-"5 5
Expanse of fore wings 36 40
Length of valve 3-5
Only the type 'and allotype have so far been examined. Though it resembles minor in some features and vanduzcci in others, this is a very distinct species.
Neoplatypedia new genus.
In this genus the front wings have seven apical areoles, instead of eight as in Platypcdia, and the costal vein is strongly expanded and bent beyond the middle of the radial cell. When the insect is turned over, the wings, if closed, are seen to cover about the apical third of the abdomen; in Platypcdia the entire under side of the ab- domen is plainly in view. The uncus is remarkably long and up- turned at the extremity. Type Platypcdia aiiipliaia Van Duzee.
Uncus when viewed from above slipper-shaped, the sides evenly converging to the rather sharp point ; when seen in profile, the point rather suddenly up- turned. Membranes at base of fore wings almost white. Expands 38 to 43 millimeters. Occurs in California. ampliata (Van Duzee).
Uncus when viewed from above suddenly constricted at about one third of the distance from the rather sharp point ; when seen in profile with the point gradually and moderately upturned, but not as much so as in ai)ifliata. Membranes at base of fore wings orange. Expands 40 to 44 millimeters. Occurs in Arizona, Colorado, Utah, California constricta new species.
Neoplatypedia ampliata (Van Duzee). Plate V, fig. 12.
19 1 5. Platyf'edia ampliata Van Duzee. Journal X. Y. Entomological So- ciety, XXin, p. 29.
The original description states that the remarkably broad fore wings are obviously angled beyond the middle of the costal areole, and that the costal nervure is broadly expanded, especially in the male, reaching a width of nearly one millimeter. Body clothed with long blackish hairs which become gray beneath and on either side of the mesonotal X- Front strongly produced; last ventral segment of the
122
Journal New York Entomological Society, ['^'o'- xxviii.
male narrow and rounded at apex, valve moderately long and ex- panded at base ; uncus lanceolate with the slender point upturned and attaining the apex of the valve. Last ventral segment of the female with a narrow subacute incision reaching nearly to its base. " Color black; supra antennal plates, a small dot at the b&se of the vertex con-
Neoplatypedia ampliata
tinned as a median line on the pronotum which does not reach the hind margin, narrow hind edge of the pronotum, sides of the meso- notal X posteriorly, elytral nervures except close to their base, de- pressed sides of the pronotum and legs in part, pale.'' Length i6 mm., expanse 38 mm. The species was " described from one male without locality, in the collection of the University of California, and two females from Mary's River, Oregon, received from Dr. Wilson." Mr. Van Duzee has kindly sent me the male holotype for examination, and it is figured on the accompanying plate. It is immature which accounts for the costal nervure being so flattened out in mounting; usually it is stiffer and less pliable. The membranes at base of fore wings are white.
The following specimens have been examined :
Oregon. — Mary's River, female, collection Oregon Agricultural College. In this individual the notch in the last ventral segment is a " subacute incision " and narrower than in the twenty females of constricta examined from Arizona. It expands 38 mm. ; membranes at base of fore wings yellowish white; fore femora black except at extremities.
California. — Contra Costa Co., May 6, 1918, male. The genitalia of this specimen have been drawn by Mr. C. E. Olsen. The mem-
June, 1920.]
Davis: M'orth American" Cicadas.
123
branes at the base of the fore wiuijs are white. In the Am. Museum of Natural History there is a male lal)eled "' California.'" The uncus is tapered s:radually to the upturned point; membranes at base of fore winc;:s white; fore femora black, upper surface with longitudinal chestnut colored stripes.
Neoplatypedia constricta new species. Plate V, fig. 13.
Type male and allotype female from Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co., Arizona, 1919 (J. A. Crosby). Davis collection.
Resembles Neoplatypedia ainpliata in size and general coloring, but may be separated by the following characters: The uncus instead of being evenly narrowed to the extremity is constricted about one third of the distance from the tip ; when seen in profile the uncus is not so suddenly upturned, and though bent upward the curve is more gradual. The head is narrower across the eyes than in ainpliata. In the male the abdomen when viewed from above is
m
NfOPLATYPEB/A CONSTRICTA
rather suddenly constricted beyond the sixth segment, whereas in ainpliata it tapers more evenly to the end of the body. In the female allotype the notch in the last ventral segment reaches nearly to the base of the segment and is wider open than the notch in the female ainpliata examined from Mary's River, Oregon. Fore femora black or nearly so, except at the extremities. Mem- branes at base of fore wings orange ; in ampliata they are white or yellowish white. The supra-antennal plates, a median line on the pronotum, narrow hind edge of the pronotum, and sides of the mesonotal X posteriorly, are pale, as is usual in Platypedia.
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 18 18
Width of head across eyes 5.25 6
Expanse of fore wings 42 44
Length of valve 4
124 Journal New York Entomological Society. C^''^'- ^xviii.
In addition to the type and allotype fifty-nine males and twenty females collected by J. A. Crosby at Trumble Mountain, Mohave Co., Arizona, in the spring or early summer of 1919, have been examined. The following have also been seen: — Stockton, Utah, May 16, 1916, female (Tom Spalding). Beaver Valley, Utah, male; South Creek, Beaver Co., Utah, male; Washington Co., Utah, June, 1917, male (G. P. Engelhardt), collection Museum Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.
Bondad, Colorado, June 27, 1919, about 6,100 ft., fifteen males, twenty-two females, collection Am. Museum of Natural History. When these specimens were collected by Dr. F. E. Lutz, he noted that they " sang ::ip, zip, zip, zip for a long time."
In the U. S. National Museum there is a male and female labeled Los Angeles Co., Cal., May (Coquillett). These are blue black in • color, particularly the head, pronotum and mesonotum ; the mem- branes at the base of fore wings are bright orange ; the uncus in the male is constricted near the extremity, though not as much so as in the examples from Arizona, Utah and Colorado. The notch in the last ventral segment of the female is as wide as in the female allotype from Arizona. In the California Academy of Sciences there are two immature males from Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, Cali- fornia; May 13, 1919 (J. O. Martin), which have the membranes at the base of the fore wings bright orange.
Genus Melampsalta Kolenati.
In Mr. Distant's Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera, Part I, Cicadidae (1906), the type of the genus Melampsalta is given as miisiva Germar, of the old world, and other, species of the genus are ^ recorded from continental Europe, Africa and Asia, also from Japan, Australia and New Zealand. One species is listed doubtfully from Surinam and Melampsalta parviila Say, from North America. In his Rhynchotal Notes, XXXV, Annals and Magazine of Natural His- tory, series 7, 1905, Mr. Distant considers Melampsalta a "congested genus."
In Melampsalta the median and cubitus veins coalesce near the base of the fore wing, whereas in the other genera of Cicadas in America north of Mexico, these veins reach the basal cell or arculus separately. Normally in calliope {parviila) there are six apical areas
June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTH AMERICAN CiCADAS. 125
in eacli hind wing, but there are occasional specimens with but five. Sometimes one wing has five and the other six. In the wTiter's col- lection two female calliope from Louisiana have five apical areas in each hind wing, and a male from Alabama has five apical areas in the left hind wing and six in the right. A male from Clarke Co., Mis- sissippi, has five apical areas in 'each hiiul wing. I'his specimen is figured on the plate. In Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 82, 1888, Uhler states: "Several specimens of .1/. parvnla [calliope] have been examined by myself, in which six apical areoles were present in one wing and five in the opposite one."
While in kaiisa the median and cubitus veins unite near the base of the fore wing, thus placing it in the Division Melampsaltaria Dis- tant, the fact that it has but five apical areas in the hind wing would seem to consign it to the genus Panropsalta Coding and Froggatt. In the original description of the genus the head is said to be as ■' wide or a little broader than front of pronotum." It is narrower than front of pronotum in kansa, and the illustration of the venation and shape of the fore wing of Icnrcnsis Coding and Froggatt, the type of the genus, from Australia and Tasmania, show other- differences. So it has been thought best for the present to leave kansa in the genus Mclampsalta.
As the gen,us Mclampsalta is not a congested one in North Amer- ica, it will do for the present to also include camcrona therein, though there is the same objection as in kansa, namely the small number of apical fereas in the hind wing. However, this character has here been shown to be variable to some extent in the same species.
Key to the Species of Melamps.alt.a.
(Mentioned in this paper.)
Hind wings with 6 apical areas; rarely there are specimens with but five.
Females straw colored, occasionally with dark marks on the head and thorax. Males usually smaller and with dark marks. Females expand
about 3,7 mm. ; males about 35 mm calliope (Walker).
Both sexes green, immaculate, or nearly so.
calliope var. floridensis new variety. Hind wings with 4 or 5 apical areas.
Hind wings with 5 apical areas; body slim, of the same width across the region of the tympanal openings as immediately above and below. Both sexes immaculate green and of the same size ; expands about 32 mm.
kansa Davis.
126 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- xxyiii
Hind wings with 4 or 5 apical areas ; body broader across the region of the tympanal openings than above or below. Both sexes greenish, with dark marks on the head and thorax ; and of the same size ; expands about
25 mm camerona new species.
Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Plate V, figs. 14-15.
In 1825 Thomas Say described the only species of Melampsalta known up to within a short time from North America, under the name of Cicada parviila. He stated that the body was '' dull testa- ceous " with some indistinct blackish marks on the thorax, and that the insect inhabited Missouri. He gave the length as seven-tenths of an inch [17.5 mm.], adding that it is a very small species, and that he has " a specimen from near the Rocky Mountains, which is en- tirely green, it is a female, and probably of the same species with the above. Its length, to the tip of the hemelytra, is four-fifths of an inch,"' that is, 20 millimeters. The first mentioned specimen was evi-
Melampsalta calliope
dently a male, judging from size and color, though the sex is not mentioned by the author.
In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 41, p. 390, 1909, G. W. Kirkaldy states that the name Cicada parvnla was preoccupied, and gives calliope Walker as the name of the species. It appears that in 1798 Fabricius described in Supplementum Entomologi^e Systematicse, p. 521, a "Cicada parvnla" from Cayenne, South America.
In 1830 E. F. Germar described Cicada pall esc ens in Thon, Ento- mologisches Archiv, ii, p. 8, from Georgia, Americse. It is said to be small, half the size of C hccmatoda. Head pale, front impressed. Collar pale testaceous, with the border all green. IMesothorax pale, variegated with green. Abdomen pale at base, green at apex. Body testaceous beneath, legs variegated with green. Wings entirely hyaline, costa and veins green, the wavy vein parallel to hind margin sometimes black.
This name was also preoccupied according to Mr. Van Duzee's
June, 1920.] Davis: Xorth Americax Cicadas. 127
Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico (1917), for in 1776 Otto Frederich MuUer described in his Zoologise Donicje Prodromus. p. 102, a Cicada pallcsccns from Denmark.
In 1850 Francis Walker described Cicada calliope in List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I, p. 212. and gave tlie locality as "Warm Springs, N. Carolina." ]\Ir. Franklin Sherman, of Raleigh, N. C, does not know of any W'arm Springs in North Carolina, nor is the name in the postal guide. It may be that the present Hot Springs in Madison County was the locality.^ Walker gives among other characters, body pale ferruginous; head as broad as the "fore-chest"; face slightly convex, not at all prominent, adorned with a tawny stripe; crown pitchy; eyes not prominent; "scutcheon [])ronotum] adorned with two parallel pitchy stripes, its sides and the furrows also pitchy; hind-scutcheon [hind margin of pronotum or collar] rather narrow, above, much broader and rounded at the base of each fore-wing, convex on the middle of each side; scutcheon of the middle-chest [mesonotum] adorned with three broad black stripes; the side pair slightly oI)Conical and oI)lique; hind liorder hardly excavated; ab- domen obconical, very little longer than the chest, paler beneath, adorned with three rows of pitchy spots, which are much longer and more distinct on each side than in the middle; hind borders of the segments pale tawny." The "wings colorless; fore border ferru- ginous; veins ferruginous, black towards the tips; fore membranes tawny ; flaps tinged with brown at the tips, buff at the base and along the middle vein. Length of the body 6 lines [13.5 millimeters], of the wings 17 lines," [expanse of wings 38 millimeters].
As this name was not preoccupied it has been used liy Mr. Van Duzee in his catalogue for the small species covered by the descrip- tion, extending from the Atlantic through the southern states north- westward to Nebraska and Colorado.
1 Since the above was written Mr. Nathan Banks has called my attention to Edward Doubleday's " Communication on the Natural History of North America." Entomological Magazine, October, 1838, where, under the heading "Warm Springs, North Carolina, July 8, 1838," he says: "From Asheville I walked most of the way to this place ; for in this mountainous country the stage scarcely m^kes four miles an hour. The road runs mostly by the side of the French Broad river, between high and wooded mountains."
Madison Co., X. C, is therefore the type locality for calliope.
128 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- ^^viii
In 1888 P. R. Uhler in his '' Preliminary Survey of the Cicadsea of the United States," Entomologica Americana, IV, p. 22, states that " This neat little insect is of a pale green color when alive, sometimes marked with fuscous, but speedily becomes straw yellow after desica- tion and exposure to the air. It inhabits the plateau-lands of Georgia, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas and Texas; but it has not thus far been reported from the costal plain of any of the States in which it has been found."
In 1892 Uhler in his " Preliminary Survey of the Cicadidae of the United States, Antilles and Mexico," Trans. Maryland Academy of Science, I, p. 165, says further regarding the species: "Common in various parts of the United States, and quite variable in color and pattern of marking. When fresh, the ground color is pale green, with the marking of the head, thorax and tergum brownish black; but when dried and kept for some time in the cabinet it becomes pale or dark straw-yellow. Specimens from Florida are much narrower than those from Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska. A male from Texas is faded straw yellow, with a little black on the vertex and about the antennae. The males are sometimes much smaller than the females."
It will be noted from the foregoing that Say thought that his parvnla might occur either "" dull testaceous " or green, and Uhler considered parvnla '' quite variable in color," and that the fresh green specimens changed in the cabinet to a '"pale or dark straw yellow." The series of specimens now in the writer's collection shows that calliope in the southeastern United States is marked in the males as described by Walker, and that the females which are usually larger are often lighter colored and without the dark marks on the body. Specimens examined from Florida and parts of Georgia are green, and the same difference in size usually exhibits between the males and females. Specimens from Nebraska, Kansas and Iowa are usually lighter colored than more eastern examples, and while the males have dark marks on the body, the females, which are usually larger than the males, are generally straw yellow ; some, however, show faintly the dark marks on the dorsum, particularly on the mesonotum.
Specimens of Melanipsalta, supposed to be calliope as described by Walker, have been examined as follows :
Virginia. — Opposite Plummer's Island in the Potomac River, Au-
June, I92C.] DaVIS : XoRTH AMERICAN CiCADAS. 129
gust 9, 1915, female (H. S. Barber). This specimen was found while looking for insects at night with a lantern.
North Carolina. — From Southern Pines and collected by the Rev. A. H. Manee, two males and two females (no date), the females are as small as the males and marked like them; female, July 7, 191 1, small and marked like male; male. July 7. 1914; male. July 8, 1914; two males, July 9, 1914; sixteen males, July 12. 191 5, and all marked as is usual in males. Mr. Manee whites that he finds many of these cicadas on young pines. Wilmington, August i. 191 1, female (George P. Engelhardt), collection Museum of the F)rooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Two females collected at the same place and time as the last by Mr. C. L. Pollard, are in this collection of the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences.
Georgia. — De W'ht. Mitchell Co.. male (C. S. Spooner) ; has the dark markings usual, in males. Spring Creek, Decatur Co., July, 1912, four males, three females (J. Chester Bradley), collection Cor- nell University. In the Uhler collection. U. S. Nat. Museum, there are a male and two females labeled " Ga." All are about the same size and straw colored ; the male with black marks on the pronotum. Al- bany, Dougherty Co., August i, 1913, female (Rchn and Hebard), collection Acad. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Alabama. — Mobile, five males and five females (H. P. Loding). Grand Bay, Mo])ile Co., May, 1913, male and female; ^lay 20, 1915, male and female; May 22. 1915, male, all collected by H. P. Loding. Irvington, July 5, 1915. male. Mt. Vernon, May 13. 1917. two males (H. P. Loding). Spring Hill (no date), female; same locality, Aug. I, 19 17, male (T. Van Aller).
Mississippi. — Through the kindness of Prof. R. \V. Harned, I have been able to examine thirty-one specimens of this species col- lected in Mississippi by the students of the State Agricultural and Mechanical College. The localities range from near the northern part of the state to the Gulf coast, and the dates of capture from May 14, 1915, at Fontainbleau, to August 5, 1916. at 'Hattiesburg. The localities are: — Verona, Houlka. Egypt, Stonewall, Laurel, Columbia, Hattiesburg, Lucedale, Anner. Caesar, Nugent, Kiln, Long Beach, Ocean Springs, Fontainl)leau and Pascagoula.
It may be remembered that Uhler reported this species only from
130 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
"plateau lands,"' but the last six localities mentioned are in the low lying Gulf strip of Mississippi, which rises a few feet above the level of the sea.
Louisiana. — Alexandria, August 22, 1915, female (Rehn and He- bard) ; two females labeled " La." One of these females is plain straw colored with a greenish collar, while the other two have dark marks on pronotum and mesonotum.
Indian Territory. — Hughes, June 20, 1907, in cotton field, male (F. C. Bishopp), collection U. S. Nat. Museum.
Missouri. — Hartville, Wriglit Co., June 20, 1873, female, collection Museum Brooklyn Institute of Arts aad Sciences.
Illinois. — In the Uhler collection, U. S. Nat. Museum, there are two males, one labeled " N. 111.," and the other "' Ogle Co., 111." They are marked with dark spots.
Iowa. — Iowa City, June 24, 1898, female (Wickham). This is a straw colored individual. In the Uhler collection, U. S. Nat. Museum, there are three males and one female from Denison. The males have the usual dark marks, while the female is straw colored. In the same collection there is a female from Dallas Co. that has blackish marks on the thorax, but is lighter than the males.
Kansas. — Wakefield, Clay Co., male and three females; Sheridan Co., 2,650 ft., male (F. X. Williams) ; Barton Co., 1,816 ft., June 22, 19 12, male (F. X. Williams) ; Ellsworth Co., July, male (Warren Knaus) ; Grove Co., 2,813 ft., male (F. X. Williams) ; Topeka, July II, male and female (E. G. Smyth) ; Clark Co., June, 1,962 ft., male (F. H. Snow) ; Chautauqua Co., 841 ft., two males, two females (R. H. Beamer) ; Miami Co., 1915, male (R. H. Beamer) ; Ness Co., July 5, 1912, 2,260 ft., female (F. X. Williams) ; Douglas Co., 900 ft., two females (F. H. Snow) ; Riley Co., July 13, two females (Popenoe).
In the above series the males are marked with black, while the females are larger and almost wholly straw colored. A few females have indistinct darker marks, particularly on the mesonotum.
Nebraska. — Lincoln, June 25, 1908, 1,450 ft., two males, one female (R. W. Dawson) ; South Bend, June 25, 1915, female, and July 14, 1915, male (E. M. Partridge) ; Omaha, June 22, 1918, female (R. R. Leussler).
In the Uhler collection, U. S. Nat. Museum, there is a female
June, 1920.] Davis : XoRTii Amf.ricax Cicadas. 131
labeled " Nebraska," wbicli lias l)lackisb marks on tbe head and thorax, a dorsal row of dark spots on abdomen, also a row of dark spots on each side of the abdomen. Wings are rather narrow. It expands 39 millimeters.
In the collection of the University of Nebraska are the following: — Rulo, Richardson Co.. July i, 191 5. female (E. M. Partridge). Crete, Saline Co., July 6, i8<}3, female. Lincoln. Lancaster Co., June 24, female; July, male; July 4, 1893, male; June 25, 1908, 1,150 ft., nine males and two females (R. W. Dawson) ; June 25, 1908, female (C. H. Gable) ; July 18, 1908, male, and July 23, 1908, male and female (J. T. Zimmer) ; July 15, 1909, 1,150 ft., female (F. A. Burnham) ; June 20, 191 1, male (L. M. Gates); June 26, 1914, male (G. W. Deming). South Bend, Cass Co.. June 24, 1915, female; June 25, 1915, female; June 30, 1915, male, and July 14, 1915, male (all col- lected In' E. G. Anderson). West Point, Cuming Co., three males; June, female; June, 1887. male; July, 1888, male and female. Maskell, Dixon Co., July 16, 1915, male and female (E. G. Anderson). Cams, Keyapaha Co.. July 9, 1902, male; July 11, 1902, female; July 25, 1902, female (W. D. Pierce). In this series the fifteen females are all larger than the twenty-four males, and are of a uniform yellowish straw color. The males are marked in every instance on the head, pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen with dark spots.
Colorado. — In the U. S. National Museum there is a male and female labeled ■" Granada, Col." This locality is in Prowers Co., in the eastern part of the state and not far from the Kansas state line.
Melampsalta calliope \ar. floridensis new variety. Plate V, fig. 16.
Type male. Ft. Meade, Florida, July 30, 1915 (Mrs. F. E. Porter).
Allotype female. Rye, Florida, July 9, 1919 (Joseph Lienhart). Both in Davis collection.
In the writer's collection there are sixteen specimens from peninsula Florida of what is considered a green and geographic variety of calliope. This variety extends to southern Georgia, and perhaps beyond along the coast, where it joins the darker, typical form, in which the males especially are marked with black, or nearly black spots on the head and thorax. The Florida examples in addition to being grass green are immaculate or nearly so. In the many examples examined of the straw yellow or dark typical form, we have seen none from Florida, though it should be found in the northern and especially in the northwestern part of the state. The fact that there is a
132 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^oL xxviii.
grass green Melainpsalta. though of quite a distinct species, in Texas, Indian Territory, Kansas and Colorado has confused the matter. Prof. Uhler con- sidered the Florida insect narrower than the western one, but the considerable series examined does not confirm this. The Florida form, however, does differ from the dark specimens from Southern Pines in the Sand Hill region of North Carolina in having shorter and broader wings in proportion to the size of the body.
Measurements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 13 13
Width of head across eyes 4 4
Expanse of fore wings 33 32
In addition to tlie type and allotype the following green examples have been examined :
Florida. — Rye, Manatee Co.. May 12, 1919, female; May 15, 1919, male; May 28, 1919, male and female; June 10, 1919, male; July 9. 1919, female (all collected by Joseph Lienhart). Gulfport, June, 1915, male, and 1915. female (A. G. Reynolds). St. Petersburg, August, 1915. male and two females (Ludwig). Lakeland, May 5, 1912, female, and May 8, 191 2, two females in open woods on low vege- tation (W. T. Davis). Jacksonville, July i, 1913, collection H. L. Johnson. Live Oak, August 10, 1903, male, collection A. P. Morse. Cleveland, April, male (C. P. Benedict), collection Staten Island Inst, of Arts and Sciences. The following are in the collection Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia: — Enterprise, April 20, female; Jackson- ville, August 25, 191 1, female (Rehn and Hebard). Both of these specimens are green with indistinct dark marks.
In his Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida in the spring of 1908, Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural History, IX, p. 184, 1909, Mr. Edw. P. Van Duzee states: "One tiny male was beaten from a small tree of a broad-leaved oak at Tampa. This specimen made a surprisingly loud noise for so small an insect. It is pale green, almost immaculate and measures scarcely 12 mm. to the tip of the closed elytra."
Georgia. — Spring Creek, Decatur Co., June, 191 1, male (J. Chester Bradley), collection Cornell University. Four typical male calliope and three females were also taken in July, 1912, at Spring Creek by Prof. Bradley, as previously noted. Spring Creek, July, 1912, female floridcusis ( C. S. Spooner), Spooner collection.
June, I920.] DaVIS : XoRTH A>rKRICAX CiCADAS. 133
Melampsalta kansa Davis. Plate V, fig. 17.
This small green species was described in the Journal N. Y. En- tomological Society, Vol. 27, p. 340, December, 1919. from Kansas and Texas examples. Say's " entirely green " specimen " from near the Rocky Mountains," probably belonged to this species. It may be separated from calliope Walker {parvula Say), by its smaller head, imcus of different shape, as shown in the illustration, and by having five apical areas in the hind wing instead of six. In the female of
w
Melampsalta kansa
calliope the abdomen terminates above in a conspicuous spine ; in kansa the spine is very small.
Since the description of kansa was published, additional specimens have been examined as follows :
Texas. — Sabinal, Uvalde Co., June 13, 1910. male (F. C. Pratt). Dallas, May 19, 191 1, female (E. S. Tucker). Grand Prairie, June 19. 1905, male (C. R. Jones). Delhart, June 16, 1910, male (F. C. Bishopp). These arc in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.
Indian Territory. — Ardmore, Chickasaws Co.. June i, 1905, female on Rudbcckia (C. R. Jones), collection U. S. Nat. Museum.
Oklahoma. — Carnegie, Caddo Co., male, collection of Warren Knaus.
Colorado. — Lamar, about 3,600 ft., June 4-1 1. 1919. three males (Dr. F. E. Lutz). Regnier, P>aca Co.. about 4.500 ft.. June 6-9, 1919. two males (Dr. F. E. Lutz). These five specimens arc in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History. They have but five apical cells in each hind wing as mentioned in the description.
134 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxmil
Melampsalta camerona new species. Plate V, figs. i8, 19.
Type male, Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas, "7-6" (E. A. Schwarz). Collection U. S. National Museum. '
Allotype female, Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas, June, 1903 (Charles Schaeffer). .Collection, Museum Brooklyn Inst, of Arts and Sciences.
Head small, about as wide as the ginuate, anterior margin of the pronotum ; sides of the pronotum not parallel, but considerably widened toward the pos- terior angles, which are rounded and lobiform. Cavity in which the antenna starts oblique, with the margin high and definite, except anteriorly. Median sulcus of the face well defined. Inner margin of eyes more rounded than in either calliope or kansa. Fore wings with eight apical areas in type, but with only seven in allotype, and the single paratype. Hind wings with five apical areas in type, but only four in allotype and the paratype. Tympanal orifice rather widely open ; more so than in calliope or kansa. Uncus seen in profile
m
Melampsalta camerona
curved inward, claw-like ; seen from behind deeply cleft. Beneath, the oper- cula rounded at the extremities, but the ends not touching ; about as far apart as in kansa, and nearer together than in calliope. Last ventral segment broad at base with the sides rather suddenly converging to the rounded extremity. In the allotype the notch in the last ventral segment is broad and deep. While there are some short silvery hairs on the body, this is rather a smooth species. General color of upper surface of body is green ; head variegated with dark brown ; a dark dot each side not quite in front of the posterior ocelli. Pronotum green ; grooves with scattered brown marks ; hind margin or collar entirely green. Mesonotum with four obconical dark marks, the inner pair about half as long as the outer pair. The outer pair broken up into separate blotches, especially near the greenish colored elevated X . Hind margin of the metanotum green. Both pairs of wings clear; basal membranes almost white. Tergum green, the exposed tymbals darker. Beneath the head is variegated with brown, the median sulcus is yellowish, and the transverse rugse are brown. The legs are pale variegated with brown ; the opercula are green ; the abdomen yellowish green with the usual dark spots centsally near the base. The allotype is nearly entirely green above, the head slightly variegated with brown along the front, and the dots nearly in front of the hind
(JOURN. N. Y. Ent. Soc.) Vol. XXVIII.
(Plate V.)
/2. (CICADID^.)
June, 1920.] DaVIS : XoRTH AmERICAX CiCADAS. 135
ocelli are conspicuous. Beneath it is greenish except the transverse rugae, tip of the rostrum, some variegated marks on the legs, and ovipositor, which are brownish.
Me.\surements in Millimeters.
Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 13 12.5
Width of head across eyes 3-5 3-5
Expanse of fore wings 25.5 25.5
A single paratype of this species from the collection of the U. S. National Museum has been examined. It is a male and labeled Brownsville, Texas (C. H. T. Townsend).
EXPLA.NATIOX OF Pl.ATE V.
Platypedia mohavensis Davis. Type. Platypedia rufipes Davis. Type. Platypedia putnami (Uhler). Platypedia putnami var. liitea Davis. Type. Platypedia areolata (Uhler). Platypedia similis Davis. Type. Platypedia falcata Davis. Type. Platypedia aperta Van Duzee. Holotype. Platypedia vanduzeei Davis. Type. Platypedia wiN/or Uhler. Type? Platypedia barbata Davis. Type. Neoplatypedia ampliata (Van Duzee). Holotype. Neoplatypedia constricta Davis. Type.
Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Six apical cells in hind wing. Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Five apical cells in hind wing. Melampsalta calliope var. floridensis Davis. Type. Melampsalta kansa Davis. Type. Melampsalta camerona Davis. Type.
Melampsalta camerona Davis. Allotype. Differs from type in number of apical cells in both pairs of wings.
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136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviil
THE GROUP TRACHES IN NORTH AMERICA.
PART I.
THE GENERA PACHYSCHELUS AND TAPHROCERUS.
By Alan S. Nicolay and Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, N. J.
Of all the buprestid genera in North America, not any are in more confusion at the present time than Pachysclichts, Brachys and Taph- roccrus, which taken together comprise the group Trachcs. This name was used by Kerremans to cover those species having the median coxae more distant than the anterior ones, the anterior mar- gins of the posterior coxse slightly concave or slightly dilated at the sides and the tarsi very short. In this group he placed seventeen genera only three of which are included in our fauna. Le Conte and Horn referred to these forms as Brachcs but Trachcs has priority. The members of the genus Rhccboscclis possess confluent eyes and have larval habits somewhat similar to those of the Brachcs but in structure strongly resemble the tribe Agrilcs. Here they were placed by Kerremans following the genus Agrilus and for the present we think it is best to keep them in this latter group.
Were we to follow the correct sequence in taking up these genera, Pachyschcliis would come first, followed by Brachys and Taphroccrns. Unfortunately, however, this paper must be divided into two parts and as the Brachys will require at least another year's study, we are taking the liberty of reversing the arrangement to the extent of pre- senting the genera Pachyschcliis and Taphroccrns together with a general introduction in this part. Part H^ will deal exclusively with the genus Brachys.
In the '' Genera Insectorum," Kerremans lists some 147 species of
Pachyschelus, 89 of which were known to him. All but a very few
species which are confined to the Malay Archipelago and one in
Madagascar, occur on the American continent, but the great majority
1 Part il on the genus Brachys will appear at a later date.
June, I920.] XlCOLAV AND WeISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 137
are tropical. The Brachys are confined entirely to the Americas and Kerremans lists 94 species, 46 of which he knew. The genus Taphro- ccrus is restricted to the New World, 38 species being listed, 18 of these being known to Kerremans.
In the following treatment the original description is included after each species, but where this is very brief or vague it is followed by a more complete account.
Key to the Gexera.
1. Scutellum large, triangular, tibia; dilated Pachyschelus
Scutelluni small, tibiae linear -
2. Body ovate, presternum obtuse behind Brachys
Body elongate, prosternum pointed behind Taphrocerus
Pachyschelus Solier, 33-313. Mcfoiiiiis Say, 36-264.
Broad, triangular in form; scutellum large, triangular, smooth; thorax widest at base tapering toward head ; eyes convex, moderately prominent ; head large with a faint to distinct longitudinal impression along the median line; antennas short, 11 -jointed; elytra punctate with a large marginal depression posterior to the humerus and a fainter one between the scutellum and humerus; legs retractile, tibi?e dilated usually sulcate for the reception of the tarsi which are short ; pro- sternum broad, almost truncate behind ; ventral surface impunctate ; ventral thoracic surface grooved near margin for reception of an- tennaj ; puliescence short and sparse. Our species are black with an reneous lustre or bluish.
\'ery little appears to be known concerning the biology of the genera Pachyschelus and Taphrocerus. Burke in 1917 stated that so far as known no larvae of Taphrocerus had been collected and sum- marized the distribution and habits of members of the Pachyschelus as follows : " Eastern States, leaf miner in leaves, Hicoria ? , Quercus ? , and Lcspedeza." According to the same author, the larva of Pachy- schelus can be characterized as follows: "First segment narrower than following, body tapering both ways from about the middle, more acute at the posterior end, spindle-shaped. Head comparatively small more or less retracted into the first segment of a body composed of 13 fairly well defined, flattened segments; antennrc medium sized and
138 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxviii.
3-jointed; ocelli wanting; labrum rather large, arched and protruded; mandil)les short, strong, usually toothed and rather spoon-shaped; maxillce well developed; maxillary palpi two-jointed; labium well de- veloped, arched, protruded; labial palpi minute and unsegmented, almost obsolete ; first segment with a large well-developed plate on both ventral and dorsal surfaces; true legs wanting; cerci wanting; spiracles crescentic, one large one on either side of the second seg- ment and one small one on either side of each of the fourth to eleventh segments, on the anterior dorso-lateral surface."
Key to the Species of Pachyschelus.
1. Elytra with a subtransverse or diagonal line of whitish pubescence just be-
fore the apices, last ventral segment of male with three small teeth (rarely
trace of fourth) on each of two prominent processes purpureus Say.
Elytra glabrous, last ventral segment of male with four small teeth on each of two prominent processes 2
2. Elytra black with aeneous lustre Isevigatus Say.
Elytra blue 3
3. Head and thorax blue to bluish black schwarzi Kerremans.
Head and thorax asneous var. oculatus Schaeffer.
Pachyschelus purpureus (Say), 36-164. auicricanus Gory, 41-346.
(Original description.)
" Ovate, black, elytra purple. Inhabits Indiana. Body black ; head with distinct punctures ; front with an indented abbreviated line placed low down ; thorax with scattered discoidal punctures; no lateral indentation; elytra purple ; indented at the middle of the base and behind the humerus ; punctures rather large but not deeply impressed, placed in series and obsolete behind, tibijc angulated. Length under three-twentieth of an inch.*
" This insect is certainly cogeneric with the preceding but it cannot be placed in the Trachys or even in Aphanisticus if piisilhis Olivier can be con- sidered as a type of it."
It is rather remarkable that Say did not mention the subtransverse or diagonal line of whitish pubescence just before the apices of the elytra, the faint spot of white pubescence slightly above the centre near the suture which often runs into a line nor the surface being sparsely clothed with white hairs which are shorter and not as close together as those forming the spots or lines. The ventral surface is
June, 1920.] NiCOLAY AND WeISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 139
impunctate. sparsely clothed with short, white hairs, which are ar- ranged in transverse lines on the al)dominal segments. The sexes may^ he readily separated by the last ventral segment which on the male bears an oblong impression at apex, apical margin produced in the middle into two prominent processes each of which terminates in three small teeth (very rarely with a trace of a fourth). The last ventral segment of the female is not impressed, the a])ical margin being produced in an acute point. Length, 2.5 mm. to 3.5 mm.
Localities. — Van Cortlandt Park (Pearsall) ; Queens. L. I., Nov. 28, one specimen sifting leaves (Schott) ; Staten Island; New York. Caldwell, Sept. 20, feeding on hickory (Nicolay) ; Ramsey, May 30 (Nicolay) ; Ft. Lee, June 9 (Shoemaker) ; Greenwood Lake, May 17 (Leng) ; Orange Mts., June 4 (Bischoff) ; Hemlock Falls, May 28 (Wenzel) ; New Jersey. Illinois. Iowa. Cypress Mills, April 2; Texas. Lake, Marshall and Stark Counties, June 11, July 14. rare (Blatchley) ; Indiana. Larva mines leaves of Lespcdeza (Smith). Borer of hickory (?) (Felt). Larva in leaves of bush clover, Lespc- deza and adults beaten from vegetation in marshy places (Blatchley).
This species is taken around New York City by sweeping marshy places during the spring. It occurs locally and is never common. The larvce live in the leaves of bush clover. Mr. Schott took one specimen while sifting leaves in November and the authors have found adults feeding during September. From this it appears that the adults hiber- nate. All of the specimens are remarkably constant in size (3.5 mm.) with the exception of two specimens (male and female) before us from Texas, which measure only 2.5 mm. Superficially they appear to be at least a geographical variety but after studying them closely no definite characters could be found. In view of this and until more material is available, we think that they had better be placed with purpiirciis. The dwarfed size may have been due to under nourish- ment of the larv?e.
Pachyschelus leevigatus (Say), 36-164. ovatus \\ (Say), 25-252. piinctatus (Gory), 41-347. carbonatus (LeConte), 59-252. poUtiis Kerrenians, 96-322.
140 Journal New York Entomological Society. C^^'oi- xxviii.
(Original description.)
" Ovate, black ; head without indented line ; elytra without regular punc- tures. Desc. Body very short, ovate, black ; head without the usual dilated indentation but a very slight indentation may be observed on close inspection, particularly on the lower part of the front ; slightly punctured : thorax equal with the exception of a dilated indentation on each side with distant punctures in which is a raised centre ; scutel large, flat, impunctured, polished ; elytra with wide, irregular not deeply impressed punctures, without any appearance of a regular series, no appearance of elevated lines, a profound excavation behind the humerus without any sinus of the edge, humerus prominent. Length rather more than one-tenth of an inch. This is the smallest species I have met with and of a shorter form.
■'Afterwards (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. 6, p. 164) made the type of a new genus Metoniits which is identical with Pachyschelus. T. ovata Weber is a very different insect belonging to Brachys, — Lee.
" .1/. ovatiis nob. (Trachys) Ann. Lye. X. Y. Those who will retain this species in Trachys must change the name of Icrvigatits as the other is pre- occupied in the genus."
The pubescence of the ventral surface is less pronounced than that of the preceding species. The sexual characters are similar to those of purpurens except that in the males, the process on the last ventral segment bears four instead of three small teeth. Length, 2-3 mm.
This species is very common in most localities and ranges from S. E. Canada to Florida and west to Iowa. Late May to August 11. Blatchley records it on the foliage of black gum and flowers of black haw, milkweed, etc. According to Chambers it mines Dcsmodium. This species was redescribed many times. Called ovatiis by Say in his original description (1825) the name was preoccupied in the genus Trachys. Afterward (1836) discovering his error, the name Iccvigatns was proposed and although since put in another genus, to comply with the laws of nomenclature the latter name must be retained. Le Conte's carbonatiis is merely a phase of this species, but just why one having such a universal knowledge of the family as Kerremans should re- describe it under the name politiis is hard to understand.
Pachyschelus schwarzi Kerremans, 92-298. ccrntleiis \\ Schwarz, 78-364.
(Original description.)
/
" Short ovate, black, head and thorax bluish black or black with seneous tinge, scutellum and elytra bright blue, shining. Head deeply channeled, alu-
June. 1920.] XlCOLAY AND W'eISS : ThE GrOUP TraCIIES. 141
taceous, obsoktcly punctulate. Thorax without lateral depression and with sparse, shallow punctures almost obliterated on the disc, more obvious at the sides, finely alutaceous at the sides. Elytra with a deep impression on the sides before the middle and with another obsolete one near the suture behind tfie middle, plainly punctured with traces of regular rows on the disc. Length 2-3 mm. ,o8-.i2 inch. Male, last ventral segment with an oblong impression at apex, apical margins produced in the middle into two prominent processes each of which terminates in four small teeth. Female, last ventral segment not impressed, apical margin produced in the middle in an acute point.
" Very al)uiidant everywhere in Florida. In form and size this species resembles P. Iccvigatiis, the elytra however are less triangular and more rounded at the sides : it differs also by its color and by the thorax not being impressed at the sides. Very probably there will also l)e a difference in the sexual characters of the males but we have not seen the male of P. Iccvigatiis. In P. purpnrciis the last ven- tral segment of the male has a similar impression but the two processes are more separated from each other and each terminates in three teeth."
In this species the ventral pubescence is almost obsolete except on last abdominal segment. Easily separated from preceding species by bluish color of entire dorsal surface. Length, 2-3 mm.
Localities. — Arkansas (Nicolay collection). Enterprise, April 18; Tampa; Key West (Nicolay collection); Sanford, April 24 to May 9, Crescent City (Van Duzee) ; Dunedin, March 16 (Blatchley) ; Florida. Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June (Leng) ; Georgia. Harrisburg, July 31 (Wenzel) ; Texas.
This is a strictly southern form and evidently not rare where it occurs. The name cccnilcits was given to a species from Guiana by Gory in 1841. The spelling of this name with an " o " instead of an '■ a " by Kerremans is incorrect.
Pachyschelus schwarzi var. oculatus Schaeffer, 09-377. (Original description.) " Black, head and thorax ^eneous, elytra blue. Head distinctly longitu- dinally impressed along the median line ; finely and densely punctate with some coarser punctures intermixed ; eyes rather convex. Thorax at apex feebly emarginate ; sides obliquely narrowing to apex, almost straight to about apical fourth, then slightly arcuate; base bisinuate, median lobe almost truncate; surface finely and very densely punctate especially at sides, intermixed with
142 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'o'- x.w'iii.
longer, ocellate punctures which are more feeble on the disc ; laterally on each side sharply impressed. Scutellum large, triangular, smooth. Elytra coarsely punctate ; inter\-al between the punctures more or less wrinkled ; basal and lateral impressions deep ; apical subsutural impression less deep. Sculpture of underside of body rather finely reticulate, intermixed on the pro- and meta- sternum with large ocellate punctures ; metasternum at sides plicate ; abdomen very sparsely pubescent. Length 3 mm. Nogales, Arizona.
" This species is very close to carntlcus but is more slender and has the eyes more convex than any other of our species."
This is merely a geographical variation distinguished by the aeneous lustre of the head and thorax. The remarks by Mr. Schaeffer about it being more slender with eyes more convex are misleading. In the large series of schwarzi before us, there are many specimens which are certainly more slender than this variety. Also the eyes are not more convex but the median line is more deeply impressed, which might give them that appearance. In certain specimens of schwarzi, however, the impression of the median line is even deeper than in the variety, so this character has no value.
Localities. — 'Nogales, Arizona (Schaeffer). Arizona (Nicolay collection).
There are only two specimens of this variety known to us. The type collected by Mr. Schaeffer is in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum and a single female with only the state label is in the Nicolay collection. There is no variation in the two specimens.
Taphrocems Solier, 33-314.
Body elongate ; scutellum small, smooth, triangular ; thorax usually widest at base, rarely with sides parallel {IccvicolUs Le Conte) ; head large with a median longitudinal impression ; eyes large, oval ; an- tennae short, eleven jointed; elytra punctate, sides sinuate, a faint de- pression between scutellum and humerus ; legs less, retractile than in preceding genus, tibiae linear ; tarsi short ; presternum pointed behind ; ventral surface of thorax grooved near margin for the reception of antennae ; pubescence short and sparse. The dorsal surfaces of our species are entirely black to coppery in color. In the " Biologia," Waterhouse uses a key to separate the forms giving as the first divi- sion, species with or without a lateral carina on the elytra. In study- ing our species, we find that all are without it.
June, 1920.] XicOLAY AXD Wl-ISS: TlIR GrOUP TrACHES. 143
Key to the Species of Taphrocerus.
1 . Elytra glabrous 2
Elytra with spots or lines of pubescence- ; pubescence rarely wanting and
replaced by punctate foves 5
2. Thorax widest at and depressed at base 3
Thorax not depressed at base, uniformly rounded, sides parallel or widest at
centre 4
3. Robust, black with a slight virescent to xneous shine ; tips of elytrta strongly
serrulate ; length 4.5-5.5 mm puncticoUis Schwarz.
Depressed, a?neous ; head shining, deeply impressed ; tips of elytra not or very feebly serrulate : elytra coarsely punctate ; length 3.5-4 mm.
schaefferi nov. sp.
4. Subparallel, coppery, moderately shining; thorax widest at middle; head
alutaceous, feebly impressed, narrower than widest portion of thorax;
elytra finely punctate agriloides Crotch.
Sides of thorax parallel ; head as wide as thorax IzevicoUis Le Conte.
5. Apical half of elytra with two , white fascia ; black with sneous rarely vires-
cent lustre to entirely aeneous gracilis Say.
Apical half of elytra with six isolated dots of white pubescence; black with- out aeneous lustre albonotatus Blatchley.
Taphrocerus puncticoUis Schwarz, 78-363, Plate VI (Fig. A).
(Original description.)
" Elongate above, blackish blue or black with faint aeneous tinge, shining. Head less strongly excavate, very finely alutaceous, distinctly moderately, sparsely punctate, punctures deeper than in T. gracilis. Thorax transverse, narrowed in front when viewed from above, sides minute before the hind angles which are rectangular, base strongly lobed in the middle, lobe broadly emargin^te, surface uneven with the distinct carina in front of the hind angles very finely alutaceous, coarsely unequally punctured, each puncture bearing a very short scale-like hair. Scutellum transverse, shining. Elytra impressed at base, impressions on the disc not obvious, serrate at outer apical angle, an- teriorly moderately strongly striate punctate, punctures obsolete toward the apex, each with a very fine short hair, interstice on the disc unequal, the striae therefore appear subgeminate, humeral carina broadly interrupted at middle. Beneath bluish black or black, nietasternum coarsely punctured, abdomen with sparse shallow punctures, last segment with a deep semicircular marginal sulcus. Length 5 mm. .20 inch.
'' Enterprise and Cedar Keys. More elongate than gracilis and distinguished hy the deeper punctuation of head, thorax and nieta- sternum and hy tlic elytra less even without patches of puhescence ;
144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
from T. agriloidcs it differs cliiefly by the form of the thorax which in the latter species is not narrowed in front when viewed from above."
Localities. — Biscayne, :\Iay 23 (Schwarz) (Leng and Schaeffer collections), Paradise Key (Royal Palm Hammock), February (Wetmore), Florida. Delchamps, August ' 30; Coden, June 9 (Loding) ; Alabama.
This is the largest of our species and according to the few speci- mens known seems to be constant in size and punctuation. Mr. Ed- ward Chapin informs us that Mr. Wetmore has taken some forty specimens of this rather rare species, all from the same locality.
Taphrocerus schaefferi nov. sp., Plate VI (Fig. B).
Depressed, aeneous; elytra punctate striate, punctures coarse, each one with a short, white reflexed hair, tips usually not serrulate, rarely very feebly so. Umbone prominent, base of elytra with fovea, sides sinuate, widest at base where it is sharply emarginate, thence broadening to center, becoming grad- ually narrower toward apex. Thorax widest at base, distinctly, transversely depressed at base and apex, a distinct carina just inside the basal angle; rather sparsely and unevenly and finely punctate, each puncture with a reflexed hair. Head shining, sparsely punctate, front with a deep longitudinal impres- sion attaining or nearly attaining occiput. First and second antenna! joints large and globular, next three narrow elongate, last six wider, strongly ser- rate. Ventral surface jeneous, legs black with aeneous lustre, finely and dis- tinctly punctate, pubescence white, arranged in usual transverse rows on the abdomen. Length, 3.5 mm. to 4 mm. Width, i mm.
Localities. — Brownsville, August 26, Texas. Type in Nicolay col- lection. One paratype in the collection of Mr. Howard Notman and two in the collection of Mr. Charles Schaeffer.
This species appears to be allied to piincticollis but is at once dis- tinguished by the much smaller size, more flattened form and aeneous color. To Mr. Gilbert Arrow of the British Museum we are much indebted for comparing this as well as our other species from the south and southwest with the specimens in the collection of that in- stitution so as to avoid any possibility of error. The species is named in honor of Mr. Charles Schaeffer of the Brooklyn ]\Iuseum to whom we are greatly indebted for many favors.
June, 1920.] XlCOLAY AND W'kISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 145
Taphrocerus agriloides Crotch, 73-75. Plate VI (Fig. C).
(Original description.)
" Subclongate, aeneous, head very sparingly punctate, with an impressed line on the front ; thorax alutaceous, transverse, sides straight, coarsely and sparsely punctate, base with a rounded median lobe ; elytra deeply punctate striate, the punctures decreasing towards the apex. L. 14, Texas (Bclfrage).
"In appearance very like Agrilis putillus."
Superficially this species is very close to schacffcri and undoubt- edly mixed with it in many collections as it occurs in the same locality but has a more extended range, specimens having been taken as far north as Georgia. It will be necessary to add the following to the above description in order to clearly define this species. Coppery, moderately shining, elongate, elytra gradually narrowing from about the apical half, more finely punctate than schacffcri, tips distinctly serrulate, umbone not noticeable, fovea at base of elytra smaller and less distinct. Thorax widest at middle evenly rounded when viewed from above; a more or less distinct fovea on each side near base. Front of head much more feebly iinpressed, alutaceous. Ventral sur- face reneous, finely and moderately punctate, pubescence sparse, ar- ranged in transverse rows of short, white hairs on the abdomen. We can not see that this species resembles Agrilis putillus in any very striking point. Length, 3.5 mm. Width, 0.75-1 mm.
Localities. — Coden, June 9 ; Mobile, April 1 1 ; Delchainps, August 30, on rushes in salt marsh (Loding) ; Alabama. Georgia. Texas.
This species is at once separated from schacffcri by the thorax being widest at centre, not impressed at base and without carina in- side the basal angle. The head is alutaceous, more feebly impressed. Elytral punctuation is finer with the tips strongly serrulate and the body is more elongate and parallel.
Taphrocerus laevicollis Le Conte, 7S-403, Plate VI (Fig. D).
(Original description.)
" Very small, slender, convex, narrower behind, black-bronzed, shining. Head and prothorax nearly smooth, the former large, longitudinally impressed ; the latter with very deep oblique impressions towards the sides, which are nearly straight and subparalltl. Elytra uneven with vague rows of feebly im- pressed striae. Length 2.5 mm.; .10 inch.
146 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°^- xxviii.
"Enterprise (Florida): one specimen. Easily recognized bv the small size, large head, not narrower than the prothorax and by the latter not being narrowed in front."
Head and pronotum shining with short, white pubescence. Elytra sinuate, smooth, feebly punctate striate. Ventral surface with short sparse hairs; abdominal vestiture arranged in transverse lines.
Localities. — Haw Creek, April 6 (Schwarz), Florida. Coden. June 9 (Loding), Alabama.
This species is quite distinct and readily recognized from the orig- inal description. It appears to be local and by no means plentiful, being represented in only a very few collections.
Taphrocerus gracilis (Say), 25-252, Plate VI (Fig. E). alboguttaUis (Mannerheim), 37-120. cylindricollis Kerremans, 96—312. {f) texanus Kerremans, 96-312.
(Original description.)
" Oblong blackish : elytra with regular series of punctures. Body rather slender, oblong, blackish-brassy ; head a little concave, but not profoundly so ; thorax inequal, with a slight impressed line before, and a wide indented space occupying half the thorax behind ; on each side is a rai&ed, arcuated, obtuse line, extending nearly from one angle to the other ; scutel moderate ; elytra with regular series of rather large, profoundly impressed punctures which are obsolete at tip. Length, less than three-twentieths of an inch.
" A comparatively slender species. I found it on a myrtle bush at Senipuxten Island, in September. It exhibits an unusual regularity in its series of punctures.'' (This is the type of Taphrocerus Sol.; the name under which it was known to him is the synonym Brachys albognttata Lap. and Gory.-Lec.)
On fresh and unrul)I)ed specimens there are two distinct fascia of white pubescence on the apical half of the elytra and occasionally a spot on either side at the base, but, in most cabinet specimens, there is but one band, often reduced to a mere spot. The variation in the sculpture of the elytra seems unlimited. The commonest form is punctate striate, the punctures being rather unevenly arranged, coarse at the base becoming obsolete after the first fascia. However, some specimens are almost smooth while others, chiefly those from the
June, 1920.] XlCOLAY AND WkISS: TiIE GrOUP TraCHES. 147
southwest, have the stride evenly, finely and densely punctate. More- over specimens are often met with which luive a deep, longitudinal sulcus on each elytron. There is a deep depression at the base and usually a distinct fovea just before the apex. Thorax widest and deeply depressed at base. Head and thorax rather smooth, sparsely hairy. Ventral surface black. Metasternum strongly punctate. Ab- domen finely punctate, slightly to densely hairy, hairs not arranged however in transverse rows. Length, 2.6-4.5 "^"^•
Ranges from Canada to Florida and westward as far as Iowa, Texas and Arizona. Around New York City specimens have been found from May 17 to September 8. Found beating in swampy places (Smith. Ins. N. J., p. 295). On flowers and leaves of button bush, Ccphalanthus occidcntalis and on herbs in low wet places (Blatchley, Col. Ind.. p. 805).
Few species possess such a great individual variation as this one and it is remarkable that more names have not been erected. The forms from Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado upon superficial ex- amination appeared so distinct in having well defined, finely punctate striae and smooth elytra with cCneous lustre that we at first considered them as a valid species and distinct from the more unevenly sculp- tured blackish insects taken in the east. However after examining over one hundred individuals, we could discover no real specific dif- ference and upon receiving several from Brownsville, Texas, possess- ing the uneven shape, coarsely punctured striae of the eastern form, yet retaining the brilliant aeneous color of the western insects, we felt that it would be best to regard it as one variable species as Kerremans and our other predecessors did, rather than name the extreme forms, which are not geographically limited and if consistently followed out would mean the erection of at least six new species.
The Leng collection contains a very peculiar indixidual from Florida, which has the elytra broadly and deeply sulcated. the sulci running parallel to and half way between the suture and sides until just before the apex, where they converge toward the suture, each ending in a deep fovea. A specimen from Anglesea, N. J., collected by us has the entire surface marked with irregular pits and cavities. From Georgia, are specimens almost smooth and impunctate with a virescent shine. Mr. Schaeffer took one at Pine Island. X. Y., which
148 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
has the evenly and finely punctured stri^ of the typical specimens from the southwest. Therefore we prefer to consider these all as aberrant forms of gracilis. In a very few individual cases there are no traces of the fascia but these we regard as having been rubbed off naturally or as a result of handling. Punctate foveae replace the pubescence in these examples.
From the description it would appear as if Kerremans had before him one of these extreme forms when he erected the name tcxanus and as the type is not obtainable, we believe that it is best placed as a synonym of gracilis. However at the end of the text, there will be found a translation of his original description, for those not satisfied with this admittedly rather uncertain placing of his species.
Gracilis is our most abundant and widely distributed species. It is common around New York City and taken while sweeping meadows usually in moist places where the vegetation is rank.
Taphrocerus albonotatus Blatchley, 19-29. Plate VI (Fig. F).
(Original description.)
" Elongate, slender, strongly tapering behind. Black, shining, very sparsely and finely pubesicent ; the elytra with eight isolated white pubescent spots, arranged in three cross rows, two each in the first and third, and four in the second or middle row ; the spots of the third row crescent-shaped, the others rounded or oblong, the first row at middle, the others equally spaced behind it. Head as broad as front of thorax, finely alutaceous, not punctate, the occiput with a wide, shallow, median impression. Thorax twice as wide as lon^, base slightly wider than apex, disk uneven, but less so than in gracilis ; surface minutely alutaceous and with large, shallow, scattered ocellate punctures. Elytra at base slightly narrower than base of thorax, sides broadly sinuate in front of middle, straight and strongly converging from apical third to the obtusely rounded tips ; disk with regular rows of large shallow punctures, these becoming obsolete towards apex. Abdomen with large very shallow punctures, each enclosing a small oblong white scale. Length, 3.5-4.5 mm."
Localities. — Jacksonville (Leng collection). Lakeland, Ft. Myers, La Belle, Dunedin, October 20 to April 10 (Blatchley), Florida; Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June (Leng), Georgia.
This is a southern species taken by Mr. Blatchley on huckleberry and other low shrubs in late fall and early spring. The pubescence is rather an uncertain character to depend upon unless the specimens
/une, 1920.] XlCOLAY AND W'eISS : ThE GrOUP TrACHES. 149
are fresh and not ruhhed. but the lack of bronze and more slender and more tapering I)ody should make it easy to separate from gracilis, w^ich also occurs in I'lorida.
Taphroceius texanus Kerrcmans, 96-312.
(Translation of original description.)
Elongate, subparallel. cylindrical, attenuated before and behind, entirely black, very lightly bronzed.
Head punctate, convex, slightly grooved on anterior part of front. Pro- notum almost square, slightly narrower in front than behind, slightly convex, covered by an irregularly spaced punctuation like that of the head ; the anterior margin straight, the sides nearly straight, obliquely truncate anteriorly, the posterior angle straight, the base weakly bisinuate with the median lobe pro- jecting and sharp. Shield very small. Elytra wider than pronotum at base, rugose and covered with a series of longitudinal dots, scarcely sinuate on the sides, as high as the posterior hips, very slightly widened toward the middle, attenuated afterward following a slightly pronounced arc as far as the summit which is separately rounded and finely toothed. Ventral surface very finely granulated. Length, 3.5 mm. Width. 0.8 mm. Texas.
Mr. Gilbert Arrow of the British ^Museum writes: "We have only the single type specimen of T. tcxomis so that it is not possiI)le to send it, but it seems to me to l)e different from botli T. gracilis and T. agriloidcs. It is like the former in size and shape but has con- spicuous punctures thinly scattered over the pronotum. It is an old specimen from which the original labels have been removed so that of course there is a possibility that the locality may be incorrect."
BiBLIOGR.XPHV.
Blatchley, 1919, Can. Ent., vol. 51, No. 2.
Coleoptera of Indiana. Burke, 1917, Bui. 437. Bur. Ent., U. S. D. k. Chagnon, 1917, Ins. Quebec (Col.). Crotch, 1873, Proc. -Acad. Xat. Sci. Phil. Deyrolle, 1864, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 8. Gory (Castelnau & Gory), 1835-1841, Mon. Bup. & Suppl. Kerremans, 1892, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. I. ^
1S93, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 37.
1896, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 40.
150 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^'^'°^- >'xviii.
1903, Genera Insectorum. Lacordaire, 1857, Gen. Col., vol. 4. Le Conte, 1859, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. (Rev. Bup.).
1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. 17 (Col. Florida, Mich.). Le Conte & Horn, 18S3, Smith. Misc. Coll., 507 (Class. Col.). Mannerheim, 1837, Bui. Soc. Nat. Mosc, vol. VIII. Marseul, 1865, L'Abeille, vol. 2. Packard, 1890, Fifth Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm. Say, 1825, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. I.
1836, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. VI. Schaeffer, 1909, Mus. Brookl. Inst. Bui., vol. I, No. 15. Schwarz, 1878, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 17. Smith, 1909, N. J. St. Mus. Rept. (Ins. N. J.). Solier, 1833, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2. Waterhouse, 1882-97, Biol. Cent. Amer. Col. Ser., vol. 3, part i.
Acknowledgments
We are especially grateful to Mr. C. W. Leng and Mr. Chas. Schaeffer for placing their collections at our disposal and for refer- ences to the literature and helpful criticism. For records, specimens and other help, we take pleasure in extending our sincere thanks to Mr. C. A. Frost, Mr. H. P. Loding, Mr. W. S. Blatchley, Mr. Howard Notman and Mr. Gilbert Arrow. '
EXPLAN.\TI0N OF PlATE VI.
Fig. A. T. piincticollis.
Fig. B. T. schaefferi n. sp.
Fig. C. T. agriloides.
Fig. D. T. Iccvicollis.
Fig. E. T. gracilis.
Fig. F. T. albonotatns.
fJouRX. X. ^^ Ext. Soc.)
Vol. XWIII
(Plate VI.)
TAI'llKOCl-.Rrs.)
June, 1920.] ChAMBERLIX : WoOD-BoRING BEETLES. 151
NOTES ON TWO LITTLE-KNOWN WOOD-BORING
BEETLES. CHRYSOBOTHRIS SYLVANIA FALL
AND MELASIS RUFIPENNIS HORN.
(BUPRESTIDiE, ELATERID^.)
By W. J. Chamberlin, Forest Entomologist? Oregon Agricultural College.
Chrysobothris sylvania Fall.
This buprestid was described by Prof. H. C. Fall (1)1 as follows: Original Description :
" C. sylvania new species. Closely allied to trinervia, but rather broader and heavier, the color beneath bright green in the male, dark green with cupreous reflections in the female; prothorax as abruptly or even -more ab- ruptly narrowed behind than in front ; elytral costs not as distinctly elevated as in typical trinervia, the smooth spaces sharply defined, the punctured areas more densely punctate than in trinerz-ia; sexual characters as in trinervia. Length 11. 5-1 1.8 mm.; width 5-5.1 mm."
The type material consisted of four specimens, two of each sex, taken by Mr. Ricksecker at Sylvania, Calif.
The next reference to this species is in Dr. Woodworth's '' Guide to California Insects" (2) where he merely lists C. sylvania as oc- curring- in California.
In 1916 Dr. E. C. Van Dyke (3) mentions that the type material was taken in Sonoma Co., and that ]\Ir. Nunenmacher had taken a specimen in Del Norte Co., also that specimens had been taken in Oregon by Mr. J. C. Bridwell and myself. In 191 7 (4) I summarized the foregoing information and added some Oregon localities to the distribution and gave Douglas fir as a host tree.
Aside from the brief notes mentioned there has been nothing con- cerning this species published.
Adult. Length 12 mm.; width 5 mm.
Antennae green, lobes of joints 4 to 1 1 purplish, joints i to 3 more slender than 4, joints 4 to 1 1 gradually narrowing, third joint as long as the next two. L'pper front brassy green, lower portion brilliant green, densely, coarsely punctate with two smooth callosities. Clypeus broadly emarginate. acute at
1 Numbers refer to the bibliography.
152 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- xxviii.
sides. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides subparallel at middle, narrowing rapidly one-fourth from apex and base, median sulcus deep at middle, densely and deeply pvmctured, obliterated by elevated smoother spaces at either end, broad, irregular, broken, elevated, smooth places each side of median depres- sion. Elevated spaces irregular, black and smooth, punctured areas brassy green, more brilliant green along lateral margins. Base of elytra distinctly wider than thorax, sides parallel for slightly more than one-half their length, then narrowing sharply and serrate. Apices rounded ; first costa nearly entire, prominent and smooth ; others obliterated j^ jDasal foveae deep ; remainder of elytral surface composed of about equal areas of elevated, smooth, dark areas and depressed, densely punctured, dark green areas ; under parts of male uni- formly bright metallic green.
Female: Bluish-purple beneath, prosternum more smooth and shining; anterior tibia arcuate, not suddenly dilated at tip.
Male : Prosternum densely hairy ; anterior tibia arcuate and suddenly di- lated at tip.
Pupa. The pupa (Plate VII, fig. i) is of the common CJiryso- hothris type; white or yellowish-white in color, head hent sharply forward, resting on the breast with the legs and wing pads folded on the ventral surface. Length, lo to 12 mm.; width, 5 to 5.5 mm.
Larva. The larva (Plate VII, fig. 2) is whitish, and of the typical flathead type, sparsely covered with fine bristle-like hairs. The ven- tral plate is oval, roughened and marked by a long inverted V, formed by two deep grooves, the apex of the V touches the anterior margin of the plate while the open end stops about one-sixth from the pos- terior margin. The ventral plate is of the same oval shape but slightly smaller than the dorsal, the median groove does not reach either mar- gin. The fourth segment is shorter and narrower than the fifth. The last segment is decidedly constricted. Length, 24-27 mm. Width of first thoracic segment, 4.5-5.5 mm.
Egg. The egg is oval, semitransparent, flattened on the side which comes in contact with the bark ; average measurements are about i by .6 mm. The eggs are deposited singly, in crevices or under the edge of bark scales. Observations indicate that eggs may be deposited in clusters or near to one another, as seven young larvae were found under one piece of bark, roughly 6 by 8 inches, and three full grown larvse making pupal cells in an area three inches square.
June, 1920.] ClIAMnF.RLIX : W'OOD-BORING BEETLES. 153
Seasox.vl History.
The eggs are deposited in crevices of the bark in late April and May, in the vicinity of Corvallis;- the minute larvx enter the bark, work to the cambium and extend their mines through the cambium, bark or wood during the summer, fall and winter. Pupation takes place in ^larch or April and lasts from two to three weeks. Jhe first adults were noted April i6.
Work and Habits. The hal)its of the hirv?e differ, some work only a sliort time in the cambium, excavating their characteristic oval tunnels whicli are about three-fourths in the bark and one-fourth in the wood; they then enter the sapwood and often work into the heart wood; others seem to spend almost their entire larval stage in the cambium. Just prior to pupation the larva digs to the outer portion of the bark, leaving a thin covering over the future exit hole. From here the larva in- variably returns to the sapwood to pupate. From one-fourth to one- half an inch below the cambium will he found the pupal cell, which measures from 7 to lo mm. in width and 12 to 15 mm. long, always parallel to the surface and with the grain of the wood. The mines are packed with borings and excrement but lack the concentric ap- pearance of the packings in the mines of many of the group.
Parasites.
The most important parasite of this beetle seem to be a predacious mite Pcdiculoidcs vcntricosus.^ These mites w'ere found in great numbers on both larv^ and pupce. The males are hardly visible to the unaided eye, while the females appear as small spherical yellow bodies, which might be taken for eggs; the largest are almost one mm. in diameter. The extent of the ravages of these mites may be judged from the following experiments.
2 Elevation 400 ft. Latitude 44° 32'. N. Longitude 123° 16' \\.
3 This peculiar species belongs to the small family T ARSON EM I D JE . The male and female differ radically. The female when mature has the abdomen enormously swollen so that it is 20 to 100 times greater than the rest of the body due to the mass of eggs within. The eggs hatch and the young grow within the body of the parent and are born sexually mature. The male has almost no abdomen, the body is short and angulate behind. Both sexes possess needle-like mandibles and sucking mouth parts.
154 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
A piece of wood containing larvae of C. sylz'a)iia was collected in March and put in a breeding cage. On April 7, the wood was opened to get larvae for study and the first specimen encountered was dead, shriveled and covered with mites. Upon further examination 12 larvae and 4 pupae were found, all dead and literally covered with mites. Another specimen of wood collected in the same locality at about the same time contained fourteen larvae, ten of which were either dead or in a dying condition due to the mites. Two were unin- fested and emerged April 22 and April 24 as male beetles; of the remaining two, one died from no apparent cause and the other was parasitized by an ichneumon fly. Three undetermined species of Ichneumonidae were found to be parasitic upon the beetles. The largest species was found to be quite common in certain infested logs. Breeding experiments indicate that about 20 per cent, of the beetles are destroyed by these ichneumon flies.
Melasis rufipennis Horn.
Of this species I am able to find no reference in our literature other than the original description by Dr. Horn* followed by the statement that it occurs in Nevada and Washington Territory.
There are two species of this genus found in our fauna M. pectinicornis Mels. being the eastern representative and M. rufipennis Horn, the western. Both species seem to be quite rare.
Original description :
" M. rufipennis n. sp. — Form elongate, subcylindrical, slightly narrowed behind, piceous, subopaque ; pubescence fulvous, scarcely visible, elytra and antennze rufo-ferruginous ; antennae atttaining the middle of the thorax, the third joint nearly twice as long as the visible (in front) portion of the second, joint four triangular, broader than long, five to ten gradually more prolonged anteriorly, but less so than in pectinicornis: eyes small, round, feebly convex; head densely and rather coarsely punctate, not rough, clypeus slightly concave, front sometimes with a slight transverse carina ; thorax a little wider than long, slightly narrower behind, sides straight, slightly arcuate at the apical angles and with a feeble sinuation in front of the hind angles, which are acute and slightly divergent ; disc moderately convex, densely punctured and roughly granulate, with a narrow median smooth line very distinctly impressed pos- teriorly ; elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly, the apices, acute, disc deeply striate with coarse punctures, the intervals convex, densely punctured, but more shining than above: legs piceous, tibis and tarsi brown. Length .36-. 42 inch ; 9-19.5 mm."
* Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 7 (1886).
June, 1920.] Ch ANr HF.RLI N : WoOD-BoRING BEETLES. 155
In addition to Horn's description it is well to note that the thorax is decidedly darker than the elytra, usually hlack. In the male, which is smaller than the female, the antenn?e is more pectinate, wider, a little longer. The thorax is decidedly more narrowed posteriorly. The last ventral segment is elevated at the center into two blunt spines, in much the same manner as certain Scolytidae. These spines are present in both sexes but more highly developed in the male. Dr. Horn gives the length 9-19.5 mm., the latter figure is probably an error. In examining over 100 specimens the smallest was 8.3 mm. and the largest '12. 2 mm. long. (Plate VIII, fig. 3.)
Larva. Yellowish white, first segment behind head is flattened and broader than the others, second slightly broader tlian third, from the third on the segments are the same size with the exception of the anal segment which is decidedly constricted. In segments 5 to 1 1 the anterior third is constricted; the p'osterior two-thirds more rounded and larger ; length 26 to 29 mm. ; width of first thoracic segment 3.5 mm. Mouth parts dark brown or black and well developed. The dorsal and ventral plate of the first thoracic segment is marked by a double '■ TT," dark reddish brown in color, the cross arms of the T's do not touch; the lateral half of each cross arm is thickened, Plate VIII. fig. 5.
Pupa. The pupa. Plate VII T, fig. 4. is yellowish, slender, 12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; has the cylindrical appearance of the adult; the head is bent forward on the breast and the appendages are folded on the ventral surface in the same manner as buprestid pupa?.
Seasonal History. Larvre, pupae, and fully formed adults were found in April. The first adults observed emerged April 16 and the last pupa were found June 2. \\'hat appeared to be full-grown larv;c have been taken in February, April. June. September and November. This would indi- cate that more than one year is spent in the larval stage.
Life History. No eggs were observed and although larva, pupa and adults were taken from the same tree for three years and hundreds of beetles emerged, no indications of reinfestation of nearby ttees were ob-
156 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- xxviil
served. The hundreds of larvae seen were practically all the same size, no small specimens being observed. The larvae do not work in the cambium but go directly into the wood.
The mines, Plate VIII, figs, i and 2, are flat, approximately 4 by 1.5 mm. in cross section, very long, winding, often crossing each other. Before pupation the larva excavates almost to the surface then retreats back into the wood, enlarges the mine and pupates. When ready to pupate the larva is always found doubled back on itself with the head and anal end pressed tightly together. The newly formed adult makes its way to the surface along the mine made by the larva. This flat mine is too small to allow the passage of the body of the adult, so it is forced to enlarge it, emerging through a perfectly round tunnel from 3.5 to 4 mm. in diameter.
Work.
The flat mines of the larva literally honey-comb the wood of trees attacked.
A Grand fir tree, sixteen inches in diameter, was found attacked from the base to a height of eight feet and there was hardly a square inch of the wood which was not penetrated by at least one mine. This tree was living when first noted (1914) and the colony of beetles had been in it for some time as there were numbers of emergence holes present. In 1916 the tree broke off at a point four and one-half feet from the ground ; there were still many beetles present in various stages. The tree was still living but so weakened by the larval mines that it was an ea^y prey to the wind. The only other colony of these beetles observed was in a white fir and the tree had been broken off by the wind in the same manner. A few dead beetles and the char- acteristic mines gave evidence of the cause.
Distribution: Washington, Oregon and Nevada. In Oregon a few dead specimens were collected on Paddy Creek near Sparta, in the Blue Mountains of Grant County, and a large colony lived for years in a Grand fir tree within a mile of the Oregon Experiment Station at Corvallis.
Hosts: Taken from Grand fir (Abies graiidis) and white fir (Abies concolor) .
(JouRN. N. Y. Ent. Soc.)
Vol. XXVIII.
(Plate VI I. j
(CHRYSOBOTHRIS SILVANIA FALL.)
(JouRN. N. Y. Ent. Soc.)
Vol. XXVIII.
(Plate VIII.)
(MELAbll) RUFIPENNIS HORN.)
June, ip^o.l Petruxkevitch : Orchestina saltitaxs. 157
191 o
I9I3 I9I6
1917 I8S6
BlBLIOGR.\PHY.
Fall. Journ. New York Ent. Soc, XVIII, p. 50. Woodworth, Guide to California Insects, p. 196. Van Dyke, Ent. News, XXVII. p. 410. Chamberlin, Ent. News, XXVIII, p. 139. Horn. Trans. Anicr. Ent. Soc, XIII, p. 7.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate YU. Fig. I. Adult and pupa of Clirysobothris sylvania Fall, in their cells in sapwood of Douglas fir. Natural size.
Fig. 2. Full grown larvae of Clirysobothris sylvania. attacked by larvae of an ichneumonid. Slightly enlarged.
Fig. 3. Same as fig. 2, greatly enlarged.
Plate VIII. Fig. I. Cross sections of the larval mines of Melasis rufipennis, about natural size. Note the adult emergence hole near center.
Fig. 2. Grand fir wood showing longitudinal sections of the mines. Fig. 3. Adult of Melasis rufipennis Horn. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 4. Pupae of M. rufipennis Horn. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 5. Larva of M. riifipouus Horn. (Greatly enlarged.)
DESCRIPTION OF ORCHESTINA SALTITANS BANKS. (ARACHNIDA.)
By Alexander Petruxkevitch, Ph.D.
The family Oonopidae is very poorly represented in the United States. Banks has described in 1893 one species of Gamasomorpha from Florida (G. floridana), and in 1894 a species of Orchestina from New York (O. saltitans). In 1909 Emerton described a male from Massachusetts, which he identified as O. saltitans. In 1910 I identified a male caught in Xew Jersey as O. saltabtinda Simon, a species occurring regularly in Venezuela. Comte de Dalmas has published a revision of the genus Orchestina in Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France in 19 16. He makes the suggestion that the spider described by Emerton is not an Orclicstiiia, but a Tapinesthis. closely related to Tapinesthis i)ier]nis Simon, a spider found fre-
158 Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^'o'- xxviii.
quently in France, and possibly representing a new species. In the same paper Gomte de Dalmas puts forward the opinion that the spider , which I identified as O. saltabimda is in reaUty the male of O. salti- tans. That this male is not O. salfabtinda is quite evident from the structure of the palpus which Dalmas figures on page 227 (figures 24 and 25). Whether it is the male of O. salfifaiis of which Banks has described only the female, remains an open question. Since how- ever I omitted to give a description and merely gave two figures, I thought it advisable to give now a detailed description of my speci- men and measurements and drawings of the most important parts. To accomplish this I have cut off the legs and palpi, preserved them as microscopical slides, made the drawings with the aid of an Abbe drawing apparatus and the measurements with an ocular micrometer. For the convenience of the reader I reproduce here first the descrip- tion of the female given by Banks, with the correction as to its size, given by Dalmas (in Banks's description a decimal point is omitted by mistake).
Orchestina saltitans Banks, female. "Length i.i mm. Cephalothorax whitish, with a black marginal line and a black spot around eyes ; mandibles pale; legs and palpi yellowish; sternum whitish; abdomen purplish above, quite dark near tip, center pale, spinnerets white. Cephalothorax quite broad, yet plainly longer than broad, and broadest a little before the middle; highest behind the middle and sloping to the narrow clypeus ; no dorsal groove nor radial furrows; three rows of curved hairs above; eyes large, subequal, all close together. Mandibles quite long, vertical ; lip quadrangular, broader than long; sternum triangular, longer than broad, emarginate in front, tapering behind and prolonged between the posterior coxa. Legs long and slender, fourth pair as long as first, third pair much the shortest, quite thickly clothed with hairs, two prominent claws; posterior femora greatly thickened, fully twice as broad as femur I, and not much over four times as long as broad. Abdomen nearly globose, but a little longer than high, quite thickly clothed with stiff hairs ; spinnerets all close together ; region of epigynum slightly swollen, a transverse furrow, beneath which is a pale area crossed by a yellow line."
One female from Sea-Cliff, Long Island, New York; taken in the house. When touched by a pencil, leaped backwards three centi- meters.
Orchestina saltitans Banks, male. (Plate IX.) O. saltabimda Petrunke- vitch, 1910, nee O. salfabunda Simon, 1892, nee O. saltitans Emerson, 1909. Length 1.05 mm. Cephalothorax 0.53 mm. long, 0.44 broad between second
June, i93n.] Petruxkevitch : Orchestina saltitaxs.
159
and third pair of legs, very high (figs, i, 2, 8 and 9). Chelicera slender. Max- illary plates almost parallel, with short scopula at apical quarter. Lip wider than long, its shape difficult to see. Sternum slightly longer than wide, emar- ginate in front, cordiform, narrowly produced between the hind coxae (fig. 3) and very convex (fig. 8). In this connection I should like to point out that figure I is a reproduction of the original figure which I published in 1910 and represents the spider in a position in which its back is considerably inclined toward the observer. After the legs of both sides have been removed by a cut between the coxae and trochanteres, fig. 8 was drawn with the aid of the draw- ing apparatus and represents the exact profile of the cephalothorax. From an examination of this figure it will appear that the carapace is highest between the second and third coxae and that in front of the first coxae the carapace is considerably extended downward thus forming a rather high clypeus. It will also be seen that the convexity of the sternum is greatest in the region of the second coxae. The carapace slopes therefore more gently forward and the sternum backward. The eyegroup surrounded by black pigment (figs. 2, 8. and 9) is composed of six eyes, all nocturnal and grayish in color. The middle eyes which are probably the posterior median eyes are larger than the side eyes. From above they appear as ovals, but viewed from in front they have the shape of a somewhat irregular circle. The clypeus is about two and a half times as high as the diameter of the middle eyes. Abdomen ovoid, higher than long (fig. i). Anterior spinnerets slightly heavier than posterior ones. Legs slender II-I-I\'-III, first coxae wide apart (fig. 3). Hind femora considerably dilated, being only 3.2 times as long as their width in middle (fig. 6). Measurements of legs in millimeters:
Leg. 1 Femur. |
Pat. -1- Tibia. |
Metatarsus. |
Tarsus. |
Total. |
I 0.48 II 1 0.49 III 1 0.37 IV 1 0.50 |
0.62 0.63 0.40 0.57 |
0.43 0.46 0.32 0.39 |
0.23 0.23 0.17 0.13 |
1.76 1. 81 1.26 1.59 |
Feet with onychium. Claws two, with powerful curved teeth at base (fig. 7), fine teeth in middle third and smooth at apical third. Palpi heavy, with very large bulb (fig. 5). Tibia much distended. Tarso-mctatarsus spoon- shaped, half as long as the width of the bulb. Both figs. 4 and 5 were drawn after the palpi were removed, cleared in oil and preserved as permanent micro- scopic preparations. The figures Sre easily understood, as they supplement each other, the one giving a sideview of the entire palpus less its co.xa. the other a front view of the bulb and tarso-metatarsus. The embolus is long and thin and is cuned outward. Inside the bulb the small sperm receptacle may be seen close to its base, and the long sperm duct forming a loop in its middle. The hair covering the body and appendages is of two types: simple hair of various length attaining greatest dimensions on the abdomen, and minutely plumose hair found only on the legs and palpi.
160 Journal New York Entomological Society. t"^'oi- xx\'iii.
Coloration. The general appearance of the spider when viewed with naked eye is such as if he had a black abdomen and a yellow cephalothorax and legs. On closer examination under microscope one notices that the coloration of the abdomen is complex. Curved interrupted black lines the only ones shown on fig. I so as not to obscure the drawing, are on a general field of purplish spots and dots with small yellow spaces separating them. The spinnerets are light yellow. The legs are yellow including coxae. Sternum is dark owing to irreg- ular pigmentation. Lip and maxillary plates are lighter than the sternum, yet show pigmentation. Palpi, especially their tibia mottled with black. Bulb yellow. Chelicera yellow with some black pigmentation in front. Cephalo- thorax yellow with a narrow black margin, very regular black lines and spots as shown in figs. 2 and 9, black area around the eyes, and small black dots and short lines all over the surface.
The only specimen in existence was caught by Mrs. Petrunkevitch on June 26, 1907, in our home at Short Hills, New Jersey, where we lived at the time. When I came to study it in 1910, Emerton's paper was already published. Since his specimen which he identified as the male of Orchestina saltitans had evidently no resemblance to my specimen, I reluctantly placed my specimen as O. saltahunda. Is it after all the male of O. saltitans? The description given by Banks of the single female which he collected is not sufficient to clear the mat- ter. There is a certain similarity both in structure and coloration be- tween his female and my male, but also not inconsiderable differences, as may be seen from a comparison of the two descriptions. It were perhaps safer to give my male a new name, but I am not anxious to increase the number of names. It is strange however that all our knowledge of Oonopid spiders in the United States is based on four specimens only. So far as I know, no other specimens have been col- lected. In the case of Gaii:aso)iwrpIia it is very likely that the species really occurs in Florida. But is it sure that the other specimens be- long to the fauna of the United States and have not been accidentally imported with fruit or some other goods from the West Indies or Central or South America ?
(JOURN. X. V. Ent. SoC.) Vol XXMII.
(Plate IX.)
(ORCHESTINA SALTI FANS I'.ANKS.)
June, 1920.1 Blatchlev: Xf.w Rhynchophora. KU
SOME NEW RHYNCHOPHORA FROM EASTERN
NORTH AMERICA WITH ADDITIONS TO AND
CORRECTIONS OF THE " RHYNCHOPHORA
OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA."
By W. S. P)Latc]iley, Indianapolis, Ind.
Since the " Rhynchophora of Northeastern America," prepared by Chas. W. Leng and myself, was issued in September, 191 6, a number of undescribed forms have been collected by me or sent in by others. More extended collecting in southern Florida, especially in the Cape Sable and Lake Okeechobee regions, have furnished additional notes on the distribution and habits of a number of species included in the work. I have therefore prepared this paper, which includes descrip- tions of new forms from the region covered by us, mention of those described since 1916 by other authors, notes on habits and extension of range, and corrections of a number of errors which were bound to occur in the text of such a work as our " Rhynchophora."
The errors mentioned were, for the most part, made known to me i)y Col. Wirt Robinson of West Point, N. Y., who. while making ex- tended use of the work in naming and i)lacing liis species, made a manuscript list of such errors or suggestions for improvement as were found or occurred to him. This list he kindly forwarded to me.
In the pages which follow the number before each species is that of the species in the Rhynchophora. Where a page is cited in paren- thesis it is also that of the Rhynchophora.
I have found in recent years that many species of Rhynchophora occurring in Florida hibernate in the adult stage in dead branches, bunches of dead twigs, leaves or Spanish moss, dead air plants, etc., in or about the edges of hammocks. By beating these various objects above an open umbrella numerous species supposed to be rare have been found to be frequent or even common in numbers. Examples of such species are Honnops abduccns Lee, Erodiscus tinaiuus Lee. and Lcmhodcs soUtarius Boh. At Cape Sable in late February more than 40 species of Rhyncho])hora were thus found hibernating.
162 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
As that portion of the " Rhynchophora " devoted to the family Scolytidre was prepared by Mr. Leng, I have not covered it in this paper. A number of additional Scolytids have been taken by me in Florida, but as yet I have not found time for their determination.
6. Ormiscus saltator Lee. — This small Anthribid evidently occurs throughout Florida and on the keys. It was beaten from dead branches at Cape Sable and Key West.
II. Toxotropis floridanus Leng. — This prettily marked species was described (p. 28) from two specimens taken at Enterprise, Fla. I have since taken a dozen or more by sweeping ferns in a dense wet hammock at Dunedin.
24. Toxonotus fascicularis Schon. — I found this a common species at Cape Sable on the dead branches of the saffron plum, Bumelia angustifolia Nutt. About Dunedin it hibernates in bunches of Span- ish moss.
41. Euxenus piceus Lee. — A single specimen of this curious little Anthribid was found crawling on the beach at Cape Sable. The color ranges from dark reddish-brown to deep shining black.
42. Rhinomacer pilosus Lee. — It was stated (p. 49) that the mem- bers of the subfamily Rhinomacerinse '" occur on pine and other coniferous trees." About Dunedin I find this species frequent during the winter months in the seed pods of a low shrubby ericad, XoUsma fruticosa Michx.
59. Rhynchites elusus Blatch. — This species was taken at Lakeland Feb. II by beating Spanish moss. About Dunedin a half dozen or so are taken each season in March by sweeping the flowers of the low myrtle huckleberry, Vaccinium myrsinitcs Lam. It also occurs at light in April.
83. Apion tenuiforme Fall. — This species was originally described from specimens in the Schwarz collection from Florida, without more definite locality. A single specimen from Dunedin, Nov. 8, is at hand.
92. Apion walshii Smith. — A single specimen is at hand taken in Porter Co., Indiana, May 9. This is the first record from that State.
96. Apion importunum Fall. — Specimens, so named for me by Mr. Fall, were taken by sweeping in Skinner's Hammock near Dunedin. It was described from " Georgia and Florida," without more definite locality, though Fall stated that it is probable that his types came from "extreme southeastern Florida and adiacent resrion."
June, 1920.] Blatchlf.y : Xew Rhyxchophora. Ifi.S
I2J. Tachygonus lecontei Gyll. — In addition to tlie localities men- tioned (p. 94) this curious little weevil has l)een taken at Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla., Jan. 9, Feb. 21, so that it passes the winter in that region in the adult stage.
127. Epicaerus formidolosus Boh. — Several specimens have been taken at Dunedin between December 9 and March 15 by sweeping low shrul)S in dry, sandy open woods.
140. Paragraphus setosus Blatcli. — Both genus and species of this handsome Otiorhynchid were founded on a unique. Eight specimens have since been taken, all within one hundred yards of the type local- ity on Hog Island, not more than three on any one day. It occurs in company with four other weevils, AyrapJins bcllicus Say, Taiiymecits lacccna Herbst.. Ban's splcudcus Casey and Chalcodcnniis inccqiialis Horn, in the axils of the leaves of a yellow flowered thistle Carduus spinossissimus Walt. By cutting the thistles oil at the ground, then holding them over a rublier blanket and whacking the leaves from the stem with a hatchet or trowel, the weevils will be found " playing possum ■' in the debris left on the blanket. One hundred thistles will usually yield about 50 Barids, 30 of the A. bcllicus, ten of the Taiiy- vicciis, two or three of the Chahodcrmns and perhaps one of the Paragraphus. A hurricane and tidal wave swept the island in Sep- tember, 1918, and neither thistle nor weevil could be found there the ensuing winter.
151. Pachnaeus opalus Oliv. — Frequent at Long Key and Key West, Feb. 2y to ^larch 3, on the foliage of a large purple morning- glory and that of various shrubs. Occurs in company with Arfipus floridanus Horn, the latter being the most common Rhynchophorid found at Key West in early March.
207. Listronotus floridensis Blatch. — This species was found in numbers near Moore Haven, Fla., March 2. It occurred on the flow- ers of an arrow-head, Sagittaria, which was growing in the low swales left by the receding of Lake Okeechobee at that point. Fresh specimens were more densely and conspicuously scaly than any of the allied species.
217. Hyperodes crytops Dietz. — This species also occurs in some numbers on the flowers of Sagittaria and allied plants about Dunedin and Moore Haven.
164 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii
Hyperodes poseyensis new species.
Oblong-oval, rather robust. Dark reddish-brown densely clothed with large gray scales, those of beak, occiput and femora with a metallic sheen ; sides of thorax with a rather broad stripe of larger gray scales, these also covering the humeri and gradually evanescent on sides of elytra ; disk of elytra with scattered vague fuscous blotches formed by larger scales. Beak slender, subcylindrical, distinctly longer than thorax, but feebly tapering, its sculpture concealed by the large metallic gray scales ; antennal grooves deep, narrow, sharply defined. - Antennae slender, scape not reaching eye. joints one and two of funicle slender, subequal, club small, oval. Thorax about as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, front margin wider than base, sculpture concealed by the scales, from between which arise numerous slender, pointed inclined black bristles. Elytra at base strongly emarginate, three-fifths wider than thorax, humeri prominent ; sides straight and parallel to middle, thence strongly con- verging to the narrowly rounded apex; disk with sculpture concealed; inter- vals wide, feebly convex, each with a single row of slender inclined brownish bristles. First and second ventral segments coarsely and densely punctate, 3-5 finely and more sparsely punctate, the fifth without sexual impressions. Length 3.8 mm.
Posey County, Ind., April 27. Two specimens taken from beneath logs. Belongs under dd of Group II (p. 168) of the Rhynchophora, but size larger, beak longer, thorax relatively narrower and scales much more metallic in hue than in iiioiifaiius. The bristly hairs of both thorax and elytra are slender, not at all clavate. By Dietz's key it runs to his Hyperodes group, which contains only Pacific slope species.
Hyperodes lodingi new species.
Elongate-oblong, slender, subdepressed. Reddish-brown ; occiput, tip of beak, middle and sides of thorax and middle of femora darker ; elytra with a submarginal stripe and a more or less broken subsutural one blackish. Beak stout, slightly shorter than thorax, subdepressed, feebly bicarinate, densely reticulate-punctate; upper margin of antenna! grooves directed toward middle of eyes. Antennae with first and second funicular joints slender, subequal, scape reaching front margin of eyes ; club large, stout, elongate-oval. Thorax subcylindrical, about as broad as long, densely and coarsely cribrately punc- tate; surface with a row of small, oval, silvery yellowish scales arranged transversely each side of disk and each puncture of middle and sides with a curved hair-like fcale ; ocular lobes covering one-half the eyes in repose. Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax, about three times as long as wide; sides subparallel to beyond middle, thence converging gradually to a conjointly rounded apex ; surface without setae or pubescence, evenly not densely clothed
June, I920.] Blatchley: Xew Rhynchopiiora. 165
with very small oval silvery gray scales ; disk with rows of close-set rather coarse punctures, these much wider than the narrow feebly convex inter^'als. Abdomen rather coarsely and closely punctate, each puncture enclosing a very small gray scale. Length, 3.5-3.8 mm.
Named in honor of H. P. Lotling of Mobile, Ala., who kindly gave me four specimens taken near Mobile, August i. He states (Ms.) that: "They were found after a cloud-l)urst on grasses and other plants on the site of an old dried-up pond, where they, with many other things, were trying to save themselves from the flood." This species belongs under aa of Group III (p. 171) of the Rhyncliophora. It differs from the other three species there included in being wholly without setas. The scales are much smaller than in any of the others and are so arranged that the surface hue is plainly visible. Two of them, smaller than the others, are probably males, though no sexual distinctions are evident.
256. Hormops abducens Lee. — A colony of 60 or more specimens of this rare beetle was found in Skinner's Hammock near Dunedin in February, 1918. It was in a large bunch of dead twigs and leaves in a tangle of vines about ten feet above the ground.^ A single specimen was foimd aliout one-half mile distant in the same haniniock in 191 9. Leng, in the same number of the Journal cited, p. 209. records it also from Waco, Texas.
Smicronyx halophilus new species.
Elongate-oval, convex. Dull rtd ; head, antennre, suture of elytra and tarsi darker. Sides of thorax densely clothed with large, oval, grayish-white scales : elytra with basal fifth, humeri, and a large oblique patch on median third thickly clothed, and the three outer intervals and apex more thinly clothed, with similar scales; entire under surface thickly clothed with circular, ocellate, white scales. Beak rather stout, of nearly equal size throughout, feebly cur\'ed, scarcely as long as thorax, male, as head and thorax, female, thickly reticulate- punctate. Second and third joints of funicle subequal, together scarcely as long as first. Thorax slightly longer than wide, narrowed in front and con- stricted near apex, sides broadly rounded, disk densely and finely punctate. Elytra oval, conjointly nearly two-thirds wider than base of thorax, humeri prominent ; sides parallel to beyond middle, thence gradually curved and con- vergent to the narrowly rounded apex: striae narrow, minutely punctate; in- tervals flat, three times as wide as stride, minutely rugose, without visible punc- tures or setae. Under surface very finely and thickly punctate, the sculpture hidden by scales. Length, 2.3-2.7 mm.
1 Sec Journ. \. Y. Ent. Soc, XX\'L 191S, pp. 155-161.
166 Journal New York Entomological Society. H'oi- xxviii.
Described from ii specimens swept from low herbage along the margins of tidal lagoons at Key West, March i to 3. The color varies somewhat, some specimens having the disk of thorax, beak and basal half of elytra blackish like the head. The scales are easily abraded, in one or two specimens being almost absent. Belongs under a of Group III (p. 216). Differs from 5". congcstus, its nearest ally, in its shorter, relatively stouter beak, its longer, narrower thorax, and especially in the shape and arrangement of its scaly vestiture.
304. Smicronyx apionides Casey. — A single specimen of this very distinct and prettily marked species was swept from herbage in a low moist woodland in Knox County, Ind., Oct. 5, 191 7. The first record for the State.
Bagous pictus new species.
Elongate-oblong. Reddish-brown, densely clothed with grayish-brown and snow-white scales, the latter forming a narrow median and a broad stripe each fSide of thorax, the lateral stripes forking in front of middle; the white scales on elytra covering the humeri and fifth, sixth and seventh intervals to beyond the middle ; basal portion of third interval and a common spot on second and third at apical third also white. Beak stout, as long as thorax, strongly deflected, densely scaly. Head without frontal fovea. Thorax nearly as broad as long, constricted near apex, densely granulate. Elytra oval, one-third wider than thorax, humeri oblique ; intervals feebly convex, without tubercles on or near the declivity. Length, 2.8 mm.
Two specimens taken at Cape Sable, Feb. 24, by sweeping low herbage along the edge of the beach. Allied to obliquus Lee, but stouter, without declivity tubercle and with a different and very strik- ing arrangement of the white scales on elytra.
360. Paragoges minimus Blatch. — A half dozen specimens of this minute Tychiid, which was described from a unique from Ft. Myers, were taken at Key West, March 3. They were swept from low herb- age near the old fort.
361. Erodiscus tinamus Lee. — This was a common species at Cape Sable where it occurred on dead branches in the hammocks, especially on those of the saffron plum, or seaside oak, Bnmclia angustifolia Nutt.
367. Otidocephalus dichrous Lee. — This peculiarly colored species has been taken on several occasions in June at porch light near Dun- edin ; also by beating the foliage of bay in a dense hammock.
June, 1920.1 Blatciiley: Xew R'iiyxchophora. 1(i7
Balaninus parvidens Chitt.=— A male of what Dr. F. H. Chittenden pronounces tliis species was taken at light at Dunedin. Fla., Sept. 20, and sent to me. This form was mentioned (p. 272) but not described. The surface is very evenly clothed with a mixture of grayish and pale brown scales. These are so arranged that no color pattern is evident. The beak is , slightly shorter than elytra. Length of body 6.2 mm. \\"hether it is a variety or synonym of B. Innncnilis Casey can only be told by direct comparison with the type and a better knowledge of the food hal)its of both.
A female of another species, taken at Dunedin, October 31. Dr. Chittenden states is probably his B. vicforiciisis. described'' from Vic- toria and other points in Texas.
Dr. Chittenden protests (Ms.) against the placing (p. 267) of his B. orthorhynchiis* as a synonym of B. rectus Say, and has sent me a female of the former bred from Qucrcus rubra for comparison. While the color and general facies of his specimes is the same as in rectus, the beak is one-fourth shorter and distinctly less curved in its apical fifth. The femoral tooth is much smaller, more acutely produced, with entering angle rounded, not obtuse and oblique as in rectus. These characters indicate specific differences where only a small series is present for examination. Whether they will hold throughout a large series can only be told l)y future study of the two forms.
414. Anthonomus scutellaris Lee. — The southern range of this spe- cies was given (p. 288) as " Georgia to Texas." It has since been beaten on several occasions in March from the flowers of a clump of cultivated plum trees near Dunedin, Fla.
413. Anthonomus elegans Lee. — This handsome sulnnaritime spe- cies was recorded (p. 289) only from the east coast of Florida. A half dozen were taken at Cape Sable from the buttonwood. Conocar- pus erccta L. Two have also been taken on the same shrub on Hog Island, opposite Dunedin.
421. Anthonomus costulatus Suffr. — This is a common species along the coasts and keys of southern Florida on the buttonwood and the mangrove, RJiizoplwra mangle L.
- Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, 24. •■' Bull. 44. U. S. Div. Ent., 1904, 31. * Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, 26.
168 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^'°^- ^xviii.
424. Anthonomus grandis Boh. — This destructive species has not yet done much damage in Florida. A specimen from Lake City is at hand. It was not known from that State in 191 6.
441. Anthonomus uniformis Blatch. — A number of examples of this species have been taken at Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla., in Febru- ary and March. It occurs only in the vicinity of ponds and lakes on huckleberry and other low shrubs.
446. Anthonomus unicus Blatch. — Since 1916 this species has been collected at Lakeland and Okeechobee City, Fla. It hibernates in bunches of Spanish moss and in spring occurs on foliage about the borders of hammocks.
449. Anthonomus varipes Duval. — This well marked weevil has been taken in small numbers at both Cape Sable and Key West. It was beaten from foliage of saffron plum and was also found' beneath logs on the beach.
Baris australis new species.
Elongate-oblong ; moderately slender. Black, strongly shining with a purplish or bronze metallic lustre. Beak two-thirds the length of thorax, stout, feebly curved, very finely and sparsely punctate. Head alutaceous, minutely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides straight for three-fourths their length, then rounded to apex ; disk strongly convex, coarsely punctate, the punctures separated by their own diameters, those near apex gradually smaller. Elytra elongate-oval, as wide at base as thorax, sides straight and parallel to apical fifth, thence rounded into apex ; striae fine, deep, impunctate ; intervals wide, flat, each with a single row of widely spaced, rather fine punctures, those of the third interval slightly confused. Sterna coarsely and closely, abdomen finely and sparsely, punctate ; third and fourth abdominal segments each with only a single post-median cross-row of small punctures. Length, 2.8-3 mm.
Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla. ; Billy's Island, Ga. ; Feb. i to June. Swept from huckleberry and other low shrubs along the margins of ponds. Allied to B. hypcrion Casey, but smaller, relatively broader, the punctures of thorax coarser, much less numerous. Specimens were submitted to Col. Casey who stated that they were unknown to him.
Pseudobaris connectans new species.
Elongate-oval, robust. Black, shining; femora piceous ; antennae, tibias and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak nearly as long as head and thorax together, stout,
June, 1920.] BlATCHLKY : Xf.W Rh YXCHOPIIORA. 169
Strongly curved, both it and head finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax about as wide as long, sides parallel from base to middle, then gradually converging to the feebly constricted apex ; disk with a narrow, smooth median line, coarsely, evenly and closely punctate, the punctures ocellate, separated by about two-thirds their own diameters. Elytra conjointly oval, as wide at base as thorax ; stria; fine, deep ; intervals longitudinally concave, each with a single row of rather large, well separated punctures. Pygidium, under surface and femora coarsely and densely punctate. Tarsal claws connate for three-fourths their length. Prosternal groove distinct but wide and rather shallow ; front and middle coxas widely separated. Length, 3.3 mm.
Described from one specimen taken at Plummer's Island, Md., Sept. 10. During tlie preparation of the Barini portion of tlie Rhyn- chophora the generic placement of this specimen was the subject of quite a correspondence between Col. Casey and myself. Hoping that additional specimens might turn up it was not included in that work. It seems to form a sort of connecting link between Baris and Psciido- baris. In general facies it resembles the former group, but the widely separated front coxae, long beak and pubescent basal joint of antennal club preclude its being placed in Baris. On the other hand the pro- sternal groove is not abrupt and narrow as in typical Pscudobaris. It perhaps should serve as the type of a new genus.
598 (11,177). Nicentrus grossulus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 599. — This name and citation should replace that of Ni- centrus canus Lee. (p. 392), Casey having wrongly identified^ speci- mens from Enterprise and Haw Creek, Fla., as Leconte's Ccntrinus caniis. His correction and renaming of the species was overlooked by us. A specimen of N. grossulus was swept from sea blite. Batis viarititna L., on Hog Island opposite Dunedin on March 26. It is more oblong and slender than Limiiobaris caiia Lee, is 4.5 mm. in length and densely clothed above with elongate-oval brownish-yellow scales; those on thorax arranged transversely. Known only from Enterprise, Haw Creek and Dunedin, Fla.
Eisonyx Lee. 1880, 216. This genus is related to Microholus Lee. and Oomorphidius Casey, but differs from both in having the body rhomboidal ; beak thick, shorter than thorax, feebly curved; middle and hind tibiae very stout, 5 .^nn. X. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1892, 614.
170 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
coarsely pubescent ; tarsal claws single. Three species are known, two from Texas and Missouri, the other
Eisonyx {Einnononycha) picipes Pierce, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LI, 1916, 472. Rhomboidal, convex, widest between basal third and fourth of elytra. Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with very small patches of linear scales on base of beak, sides of thorax and bases of third and seventh elytral inter- vals. Beak densely, deeply and finely punctate, separated "from head by a trans- verse, sharply defined groove. Thorax as long as wide, apex half as wide as base, disk deeply, strongly and irregularly punctate with median and discal smooth areas. Greatest width of elytra about one-half wider than that of thorax ; striae strong at base, gradually evanescent ; punctuation extremely fine and sparse. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, the first and second seg- ments connate at middle. Length, 2.5—3.7 mm.
Described by Pierce from several specimens taken at Nashville, Tenn., in August and September, some of them from the roots of an aster. Belongs to Casey's genus Enuwnonyclia^^' which Pierce, loc. cit., reduces to a subgenus of Eisonyx.
Limnobaris cana Lee, 1876, 421.
Black, shining, antennae and legs dull red; upper surface rather thickly clothed with small Oval gray scales. Beak rather stout, shorter than thorax, deeply, densely lineato-punctate, male, as long as head and thorax, slender, slightly curved, polished, punctured only at base, female. Thorax scarcely as long as wide, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytral striae deep, inter- vals flat, rugosely punctate, the scales not arranged in rows. Fifth ventral one-half longer than fourth. Length, 4.7-5 mm.
This name and description should be inserted above Number 617, p. 402. The species is known froin St. Augustine, Tybee Beach and Enterprise, Fla., and Santo Tomas, Texas.
633. Catapastus albonotatus Linell. — A number of specimens of this little Barid were taken by beating in the midst of the dense ham- mocks at Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 21 to 2'^. It is the smallest member of the genus.
Barilepton robusta new species.
Elongate, robust ; subcylindrical. Black, shining ; legs and antennae dull reddish-brown ; above evenly and densely clothed with slate-gray scales, those on thorax lanceolate-triangular and arranged transversely, their margins con- tiguous ; those on elytra elongate-oval, smaller, irregularly overlapping ; under
oAnn. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 601.
lune, lojo.i Dlatchley: Xkw Riiyxchophora. 171
surface thickly clothed with still smaller, oval, silver-gray scales. Beak stout, compressed, scarcely half as long as thorax, basal half coarsely granulate- punctate, gradually smoother towards tip. Head alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half longer than wide, sides parallel from base to apical third, thence converging to the strongly constricted apex, the latter one-third or more narrower than base ; sculpture hidden, the median smooth line narrow, subcarinate, almost entire. Elytra as wide and three times longer than thorax, sides parallel from base to apical fifth, then feebly converging into the broadly rounded tips ; strine fine, shallow ; intervals flat, alutaceous, rather coarsely, irregularly punctate. Single tarsal claw stout, as long as third tarsal joint, feebly cleft at tip. Length, 6.7-8 i^m.
This handsome weevil was first taken from the margin of a lake three miles east of Lakeland. Fla., Feb. 16, 1919. Four specimens were secured by cutting off close to the ground clumps of a coarse saw-grass and shaking them over a rubber blanket. With the w^vils were found a half dozen specimens of a rare Buprestid beetle, Taphroccnis piiiicticollis Schz. These two beetles, which are quite similar in form, were evidently hibernating between the bases of the leaves and stems of the saw-grass. On March 2t„ nine more speci- mens of the weevil were found in clumps of a similar saw-grass by the side of Lake Butler, near Tarpon Springs, 50 miles northwest of Lakeland. This species is twice or more larger than our other east- ern members of the genus Barilepton. Its dense scaly slate-gray vestiture is also very distinctive.
710. Perigaster obscura Lee. — It is very doubtful whether this is more than a southern race or \-ariety of P. crctiira Herbst. Speci- mens have been taken about Dunedin which appear to be intermediate between the two.
The paucity of species of the tribe Ceutorhynchini in b'lorida is remarkable. During seven winters' collecting I have taken but five species in the State, viz., Craponins inccqualis Say, Aiilcutcs ncbulosus Lee, Ccutorhynchiis floridanus Leng, Perigaster cretiira Herbst. and P. obscura Lee. Of the 66 species of the tribe recognized in the Rhynchophora 34 were recorded from Indiana and only eight from Florida, three being common to both states.
697. Ceutorhynchus transversus Blatch. — This was described from a unique from Starke County, Ind. Three additional specimens were taken May 5. 1918. by sweeping herbage in a low moist spot close to White River, five miles northwest of Indianapolis.
172 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
733. Conotrachelus seniculus Lee. This is a very common species in the Okeechobee and Cape Sable regions in early spring. It occurs on low vegetation and is also attracted to light.
'J2,']. Conotrachelus serpentinus Boh. — This has been taken in some numbers about Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla., where it occurs in ham- mocks on the foliage of the red bay, Pcrsca horbonia L.
738. Conotrachelus helfragei Lee. — Three additional examples of this prettily marked weevil have been taken since 1916, one at Dun- edin, March 14, by beating sea grape, Coccolobis uvifcra (L.) on Hog Island, the other two at Cape Sable on Conocarpiis erecta L. It was hitherto known only from Eustis, Ela., and Texas.
. Conotrachelus maritimus Blatch. — This species was described''^
from nine specimens taken near Dunedin in February from beneath debris within 50 feet of the beach of Clearwater Bay. The species belongs in Group III, p. 476, of the Rhynchophora. Only two or three additional specimens have been since obtained.
742. Conotrachelus floridanus Fall. — Frequent at Cape Sable in late February, where it occurred on the dead branches and foliage of the saffron plum, Bumclia angustifolia Nutt. This common shrub, known to the natives of the Cape as " seaside oak," grows in dense clumps along the edges of the hammocks and was productive of more species of Coleoptera than any other half dozen forms of vegetation in that region. One of the specimens of C. floridanus was 6.3 mm. in length.
. Conotrachelus biscayensis Fall, Can. Ent., XLIX, 1917, 385. —
This species was described from a unique female taken by Hubbard and Schwarz at Biscayne, Fla. Fall states that by Le Conte's table it would fall near gcminatus, but more nearly resembles floridanus from whiph it differs in its less elongate (4.1 mm.) body and very differ- ently sculptured ventral segments, the first being coarsely and sparsely punctate, the others smooth and polished at middle, punctate only at sides.
. Conotrachelus ohesus Fall, loc. cit., p. 386. — Described from a
single Georgia specimen, closely allied to anaglypticus, but larger (5 mm..), with thorax wider and elytral costse 3, 5, 7 and 9 acutely cari- nate, the carinse of the third and fifth abruptly interrupted before the middle.
7 Can. Ent., XLIX, 1917, 278.
June, 1920.] Blatchley : New Riiyxciiophora. 173
74S. Conotrachelus coronatus Lee. — A single specimen was taken near Lakeland, Feb. 16, by beating clumps of saw-grass over a rubber blanket. It is notable for its small size (3 mm.), the tubercles of thorax and elytra, and by having the beak abruptly obliquely declivent at apical third. Known heretofore only from two specimens taken by Schwarz at Enterprise. Fla.
761. Chalcodermus inaequicollis Horn. — A dozen or more specimens have been taken, all from the leaf axils of a thistle on Hog Island.
ydd. Tyloderma maculata Blatch. — Described from a unique taken at Little River, Ma. Two additional specimens have been taken, one near Moore Haven, Fla., ]\[arcli 3. the other from Hog Island, by sweeping Balls nuiritiiiui L., March 26.
76S. Tyloderma variegata Horn. — Taken since 19 16 at La Belle, Palm Beach Canal, Lakeland and Dunedin. Fla., by sweeping ferns in dense hammocks.
. Tyloderma laevicollis Blatch. — This species was described^
from two specimens taken March 4 by beating at the point where the Palm Beach Canal leaves the east shore of Lake Okeechobee. Allied to T. variegata Horn, but much smaller. The elongate slender form, almost smooth thorax and deep subapical striae of elytra readily separate this from any known species.
Tyloderma minima new species.
Oblong-oval. Black, more or less bronzed, strongly shining ;, legs, and rarely the entire surface, dark reddish-brown. Beak stout, one-third shorter than thorax, alutaceous, finely and very sparsely punctate. Head smooth but with a shallow oval fovea. Thorax oval, its front margin projected forward, partly covering the head, very finely alutaceous, usually absolutely smooth, rarely with a few vague, shallow punctures on front margin. Elytra elongate- oval, one-third wider at base than thorax, disk with rows of very faint punc- tures, these evanescent behind the middle, the subsutural row coarser and nearly entire. Under surface minutely alutaceous, impunctate. Length, 2.3- 2.8 mm.
Ormond, Moore Haven, Bassenger, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Jan. II to April 14. This is the small form mentioned (p. 494) in the notes under T. punctata Casey. It occurs abundantly in southern Florida beneath cover along the margins of fresh water, mating in February and March. T. punctata, which also occurs in small num-
8 Can. Ent.. LI, 1919. 99-
174 ■ Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^'oi. xxviii.
bers in Florida, is always larger, not less than 3.5 mm., with head and subapical constriction of thorax distinctly punctured, and the punc- tures of elytra, especially along the flanks, very coarse. No inter- mediate forms have been found.
775. Lembodes solitarius Boh. — This curious Cryptorhynchid, usu- ally considered rare, I found quite frequent about Cape Sable, 30 or more specimens having been taken, mostly by beating the dead limbs of Bumelia angustifolia Nutt.
780. Pseudomus inflatus Lee. — Common at Key West on the foliage of the sea-grape, Coccolobis uvifera L.
781. Pseudomus sedentarius Say. — A single example was taken at Lakeland, Fla., Feb. 13, by beating bunches of Spanish moss. Known heretofore only from Ormond and Enterprise, Fla.
784. Acalles granosus Lee. — Two specimens of this handsome and distinctively marked weevil were taken Feb. 17, beneath chunks of saw-palmetto stems along the edge of the beach of Clearwater Bay, one mile north of Dunedin. Hitherto known only from the east coast of that State.
791. Acalles minimus Blatch. — Several examples of this pygmy of the genus were taken at Cape Sable by beating in dense hammocks.
Acalles sablensis new species.
Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown, above densely clothed with dirty gray, white and fuscous scales ; the white ones forming a vague stripe each side and a quadrate spot at middle of base of thorax, and a broad common V-shaped blotch on the declivity of elytra; this bordered in front by an irregular cross band of fuscous scales, these also forming several scattered blotches on disk of thorax and basal half of elytra and a broad common one on middle of declivity. Under surface thickly clothed with round white scales. Beak broad, flattened, subspatulate, about as long as thorax, naked except at base, finely and sparsely punctate, carinate on basal third. Thorax slightly broadfer than long, strongly narrowed and broadly constricted in front of middle, sides rounded. Sculpture concealed, disk with numerous scattered, very short forward-inclined setse. Elytra oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides parallel to apical third, thence gradually converging to the conjointly rounded apex ; sculpture of disk concealed ; intervals convex, each with a single row of short white, backward- inclined bristles. Length, 3-5 mm.
Two specimens, differing much in size but otherwise very similar, were collected at Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 21 to 23. They were taken about six miles apart by beating dead branches in dense hammocks.
June, J020.] Blatchlf.y: Xkw Rhyxchophora. 17.")
No sexual differences are indicated. The larger one is duller colored, having only a trace of the basal white spot of thorax and with the median fuscous spot of elytral declivity much wider.
Pseudoacalles maculatus new species.
Broadly oval, very robust. Blackish-piceous, antennx and tarsi reddish- brown ; thorax sparsely, elytra densely, clothed with dull clay-yellow and white scales, the latter forming a narrow median line and some small spots on thorax and numerous scattered spots on each elytron. Under surface covered with larger similar scales. Beak stout, subdepressed, as long as thorax, coarsely thickly punctate, striate at sides, carinate above on basal half. Head coarsely punctate. . Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, apex distinctly constricted, disk very coarsely, densely, more or less confluently punctate, each puncture closed by a round scale. Elytra at base scarcely as wide as middle of thorax, sides feebly curved from humeri to apical third, then strongly converging to the rather narrowly rounded apex ; strise fine ; intervals broad, flat, their sculpture concealed. Second and fifth ventral segments sub- equal in length, each more than twice as long as the third and fourth which are also subeciual. Length, 4.2 mm.
Described from a single specimen taken February 25. by sweeping at Cape Sable. Larger and much more robust than P. nuchalis Lee, with thorax much wider, its apex more suddenly constricted. The elytra are prettily mottled and witliout seta', but each interval of the declivity has a median row of slightly larger, more projecting pale scales.
803. Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. — Taken in some numl)ers on willow near In(liana])olis in June. 1917. The first record for the State.
805. Cryptorhynchus helvus Lee. — A single specimen is at hand from Gainesville. Fla.. and another is in the Leng collection without locality label. These are the only ones, other than the type, so far known.
810. Cryptorhynchus apiculatus Gyll. — .A. few specimens are taken each spring near Dunedin by beating dead branches in wet hammocks. One was also taken near Okeechobee City, March 6.
812. Cryptorhynchus schwarzi Blatch. — Four specimens have been taken by me since 1916. one at Moore Haven, another at Cape Sable, from between grass roots close to the beach, and two by beating buttonwood. Conocarpus crccta L.. on Hog Island, opposite Dunedin, >Larch 8.
176 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
8i8. Anchonus duryi Blatch. — Taken in company with Cono- trachclus maritimiis Bl. from beneath chunks along the bay front at Dunedin.
822. Dryotribus miraeticus Horn. — Frequent at Cape Sable in company with Gonoiiotits angnUcollis Suft'r. beneath logs along the beach, the latter species occurring by hundreds.
839. Caulophilus latinasus Say. — Found hibernating in large bunches of Spanish moss along the borders of lakes near Lakeland, Fla., a dozen or more specimens having been taken in February.
879. Sphenophorus chittendeni Blatch. — Three additional speci- mens of this well marked species have come to hand since 1916, two from Dunedin, the type locality, where they were found crawling on the sidewalk, the other from Billy's Island, Ga. Chittenden reports another in his collection from Eaugallis, Fla. The males are dis- tinctly the smaller and more slender and the smooth median area of thorax varies much in form and size.
. Sphenophorus deficiens Chitt. Mss. — One specimen, to which
Dr. Chittenden gives this name, was taken by me from beneath a log on the ocean beach at Ormond, Fla., March 15. His type is from Crescent City. Fla. It is closely related to :;c(c Walsh, but is larger, with beak stouter at base and the lateral vitt^e of thorax almost ob- literated.
Sphenophorus omissus new species.
More slender than its nearest ally, S. at<r Walsh. Black, feebly shining ; antennas and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak slender, one-half as long as thorax, strongly compressed beyond the antennal fossae, both it and head minutely and sparsely punctate, without basal or frontal groove. Thorax about one-third-longer than wide, sides parallel from base to apical third, then rounded to the constricted apex ; disk without elevated vittas ; rather finely and irregularly punctate and with a narrow smooth median line on apical half, niuch more coarsely and sparsely punctate on basal portion. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, widest just behind humeri, the sides thence regularly con- verging to the conjointly narrowly rounded tips; inter\'als of disk flat, sinuous, each with a row of minute punctures ; strije with very coarse punctures which cause the sinuosity of the intervals. Pygidium coarsely and shallowly punctate. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate, the first and second segments broadly and shallowly concave in male. Length, 6.3 mm.
Two specimens collected March 31 from beneath log near border of pond at Dunedin, Fla. Belongs under gg of Group D (p. 561), but
June, 19^0.] Blatchley : Xew Rhynchophora. 177
in general facies and sculpture of elytra resemhles zccc; from wliich it is at once distiniruislied by the lack of thoracic vittie.
885a. Sphenophorus callosus sublaevis Chitt. — Dr. Chittenden (Ms.) states: ''This species (siiblcrz'is) is absolutely not a variety of collosus. It is more nearly related to destructor Chittn., from which it is sepa- rated by its much more irre.cjular elytral surface. I freely admit that the> distinction (between destructor and siibUcvis) is not very strong, but I find no specimens which intergrade sufficiently to separate sublcrvis as a race of the other." The Vigo County, Ind., specimen recorded (p. 568) he places as destructor, the Lake County ones as subl<cvis. He al-so adds: " S. destructor is one of the variable species and I have found it on occasions in the same lot with callosus but have no trouble in separating it from that species by the characters of the thorax alone, the middle vitta being irregular, elongate fusiform. with an irregular interrupted, shining black elevated line extending from apex to near base. This finely elevated line is never found in callosus." Basing conclusions on small series, Dr. Chittenden is justi- fied in his statement, but if a collection from the entire countrv were brought together, it would perhaps show that destructor, callosus and sublccvis would merge, sublccz'is being the northern race of the other two, the typical form being callosus. All three are also closely related to S. zecv Walsh.
S89a. Calandra oryzse zea-mais Mots. — Of this form Dr. Chitten- den (Ms.) says: "This is an absolute synonym of oryza. Years of experience in rearing this insect has convinced me that it is not divisible into distinct species or even races. The size is dependent upon the food supply. Large specimens are usually bred from com- paratively soft corn where they have an abundance of food; small ones from small grains of hard rice."
Err.ata AND Suggested Changes in the Text of the Rhynchophora OF Northeastern America.
Page.
30. Fourth line under Eurymycter. — Change " from above " to
'■ from the sides and below." 47. Fifth line from bottom, insert " bust." 164. Change Roman numeral before Hypcrodes to V.
178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [N'oI. xx\'iii.
268. Col. Robinson suggests that " Basal part of " should be inserted after a and aa of key, as in all species the distal part of the tooth is at right angles with femur. He also suggests that " pubescence condensed on and behind scutellum '' should be omitted from aa as this is true of all members of the group.
299. Insert " not " after " color " in c of key.
349. Last line in hb of first key, cut out "' or longer than " and in- . sert " as."
386. Change numbers and name of second species to:
587 (11,168). Odontocorynus pinguescens Casey, 1892, 599.
425. Fourteenth line, insert "usually" before "prolonged."
426. Second line of bb of key, insert "to cut off the third" after
" prolonged."
431. Exchange the second line of the description of Acanthoscelis curtus Say for the second line of that of Acanthoscelis men- dicus Dietz. In making corrections of the two lines the printer put each one back in the wrong place.
440. First line, add " to cut off the third " after " sides."
443. Serial number 694 should be 684.
444. Line beginning with " channel " under No. 686 should take the
place of line beginning with " channel " under No. 687, and
vice versa. 454. In third line of cc of key add "except in Rhinoncus." 537. Fifth line under Rhyncolini, change "latter" to "former." 540. Insert (11,227) after the serial number 847.
COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT WINDSOR, BROOME
CO., N. Y., 26 MAY TO 5 JUNE, 1918, WITH
NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS.
By Howard Notman, Brooklyn, N. Y.
CiciNDELiD^. Cicindela purpurea,
Cicindela se.rgitttata Fabr. (lo) var. graminea Schp. (i)
Cicindela purpurea Oliv. (4) Cicindela repanda Dej. (9)
June, 1920.]
XOTMAX : COLEOPTERA, X. Y
179
Caribid.^. Carabus linibatus Say. (i) Calosonia caliduiii Fabr. (1) Elaphrus cicatricosus Lee. (i) Elaphrus ruscarius Say. (12) Nebria palUpes Say (5) Dyscliirius globulosus Say. (i) Clivina inipressifroits Lee. (i) Schicogeniiis lineolatus Say. (9) Schicogeiiitis aniphibius Hald. (i) Bembidium punctatostriatum Say. (8) Bembidium iticcquale Say. (13) Bembidium lionestum Say. (i) Bembidium nigrum Say. (2) Bembidium simplex Lee. (4) Bembidium plauiusculnm Mann. (2) Bembidium complaiuilum Mann. (2) Bembidium basiconte n. sp. (3) Bembidium fugax Lee. (3) Bembidium planum Hald. (17) Bembidium grandiceps Hayw. (18) Bembidium picipes Kby. (11) Bembidium postremum Say. (i) Bembidium oberthiiri Hayw. (i) Bembidium variegatu>n Say. (i) Bembidium posticum Hald. (3) Bembidium patruele Dej. (49) Bembidium decipiens Dej. (6) Bembidium' versicolor Lee. (5) Bembidium 4-maculatum Linn. (10) Bembidium semistriatum Hald. (8) Tachys scitulus Lee. (6) Tachys corruscus Lee. (4) Tachys Iccvus Say. (11) Tachys tripuuctatus Say. (18) Tachys incurvus Say. (23) Pterostichus honestus Say. (2) Pterostichus stygicus Say. (3) Pterostichus lucublaiidus Say. (17) Pterostichus luctuosus Dej. (i) Pterostichus erythropus Dej. (4) Amara augustata Say. (3) Amara pallipes Kby. (3) Amara ccneopolita Csy. (i) Amara edax n. sp.
Platyuus augustatus Dej. (1) Platynus deceits Say. (i) Platynus reflexus Lee. (i) Platynus extensicollis Say. (15) Platynus anchomenoides Rand. (5) Platynus atratus Lee. (3) Platynus melanarius Dej. (5) Platynus cupripennis Say. (17) Platynus nitidulus Dej. (2) Platynus picipennis Kby. (i) Galerita janus Fabr. (5) Lebia atriventris Say. (i) Lebia viridis Say. (7) Lebia ornata Say. (5) Apristus cordicollis Lee. (2) Brachynus ballistarius Lee. (i) Brachynus fumans Fabr. (i) Agonoderus pallipes Fabr. ,(i) Agonoderus comma Fabr. (7) Harpalus vulpeculus Say. (i) Harpalus viridicrneus Beauv. (3) Harpalus compar Lee. (i) Harpalus pleuriticus Kby. (i) Harpalus viduus Lee. (i) Stenolophus fuscatus Dej. (i) Sfenolophus rotundatus Lee. (5) Bradycellus rupestris Say. (i) Bradycellus debilipcs Say. (6) Bradycellus tantillus Chd. (i) Phil odes testaceus Lee. (i) Anisidactylus harrisii Lee. (4) Anisodactylus nigerrimus Dej. (2) Anisodactylus discoideus Dej. (i)
DYSTICID.E. Laccophilus maculosus Germ. (13) Bidessus affinis Say. (4") Hydroporus modestus .\ube. (3) Ilybius biguttulus Germ, (i)
Cyrix iD.E. Gyrinus limbatus Say. (7) Gyrinus dichrous Lee. (2) Dineutes discolor Aube. (14)
180
Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxviii.
Hydrophilid.e. Tropistenuis glaber Hrbst. (i) Laccobius agilis Rand. (8) Philhydriis cinctits Say. (i) Pbilhydnts per plexus Lee. (i) Cymhiodyia fiinbriata Mels. (2) Cymbiodyta blanchardi Horn. (2) Creniphilus digestus Lee. (9) Sphcrridhim scarabccoides Linn. (2) Cercyon uiiipitnctatits Linn, (i) Cercyon iticrematits n. sp. Cercyon basillaris n. sp. Cryptop!ejirum iinuutnm Fabr. (i)
SlLPHID^.
Necrophorus marginatus Fabr. (2) Saplia i)i(rqua!is Fabr. (i) Silpha noveboracensis Forst. (i) Colon asperatiim Horn, (i) Anisoioma punctatostriata Kby. (i) Liodes obsoleta Mels. (i) Agathidiuui exignum ]\Iels. (7)
SCYDMAENID.5:.
Scydmccntis pcrforatus Schm. (2)
PSELAPHID^.
Pilopius lacustris Csy. (i) Decarthron exiguuin n. sp. Batrisodes spretus Lee. (i) Rhexiiis insculptus Lee. (3)
Staphylixid.e. Paralesteva pallipes Lee. (13) Geodromicus brunneus Say. (2) Trogophlceus quadripunctatus Say. (10) Trogophlccxts morio Er. (11) Trogophlxns rivularis Mots. (12) Trogophlceus difficilis Csy. (i) Trogophlceus t'olaiis n. sp. Trogophlceus vcspertinus n. sp. Trogophlceus subtiiis Er. (i) Trogophlcetts pudicus Csy. (i) Oxytehts laqueatns Marsh, (i) Oxytelus nitidulus Grav. (2)
Oxytclus tetracarinatus Block, (i) Platystethus americamts Er. (i) Bledius fracticoniis Payk. (4) Bledius emarginatus Say. (4) Stenus bipunctatus Er. (10) Stenus fulvoguttatus n. sp. Stenus juno Fabr. (i) Stenus edax n. sp. Stenus perexilis n. sp. Stenus obtrusus Csy. (10) Stenus colonus Er. (7) Stenus flavicornis Er. (9) Stenus canadensis Csy. (i) Stenus punctatus Er. (2) Stenus ccenicohts Ntm. (5) Eucesthetus aiiiericanus Er. (i) Gastrolobium bicolor Grav. (2) Hesperobiuni cribratuni Lee. (i) Pccderus littorarius Grav. (10) Lathrobium proceruni Csy. (i) Lathrobiuni armatuin Say. (i) Lathrobioma othioides Lee. (i) Lathrobionta tenuis Lee. (i) Lathrobiella collaris Er. (19) Lathrobiella fragilis Csy. (2) Scopcrtis quadriceps Ntm. (2) Astenus discopunctatus Say. (6) Gyrohypnus nielanops Csy. (i) Gyrohypnus fusciceps Lee. (2) Neobisnius sobrinus Er. (3) Neobisnius pccderoides Lee. (2) Neobisnius terminalis Lee. (3) Philonthus quadricollis Horn, (i) Philonthus lomatus Er. (2) Philonthus blandus Grav. (i) Staphylinus badipes Lee. (i) Staphylinus macnlosus Grav. (i) Ontholestes cingulatus Grav. (i) CreophihiS maxillosus,
var. villosus Grav. (i) Acylophorus pronus Er. (3) Tachinus repandus Horn, (i) Tachyporus jocosus Say. (2) Tachyporus chrysomelinus Linn. (2) Tachyporus brunneus Fabr. (3)
June, 1920.]
XOTMAX : COLEOPTERA, X. Y.
1.^1
Coiiosonia opicum Say. (i) Boletobins ciitcticollis Say. (i) Bolctobiits quwsitor Horn, (i) Bryofonis nifescciis Lee. (i) MyllfTiia viilpiiia Bernh. (3) Siliisida blanchardi Csy. (3) Gyrophcciia flavicoruis Mcls. (34) Hoplandria lateralis Mels. (8) Atltcta nigritula Grav. (3) Atheta dcntata Bernh. (6) Atheta palustris Kiesw. (15) Pclurga luridipennis Mann, (i) Daya iiigratula Csy. (i) Metaxya magniceps Sahl. (16) Alocoiiola cambrica Wollas. (4) Pancota panda Csy. (13) Coprothassa sordida Marsh. (2) Colpodota parva Sahl. (i) Giiypcta baltifera Lee. (2) Tacliyitsa cavicollis Lee. (14) Falagria dissecta Er. ( i ) Aleochara bimaculata Grav. (i) Oxypoda schaefferi n. sp. Oxypoda obliqua Csy. (i)
Trichopterygid^. Ptoiidiiim foveicolle Lee. (i) Triclwpteryx aspera Hald. (i) Trichopteryx discolor Hald. (16) Sniicnis filicornis Fairm. (i)
SCAPHIDIID.E.
Scaphisoina rubens Csy. (8)
Ph.m.acrid.e. Stilbus atoiiiarius Linn. (14)
COCCINELLID^.
Megilla maciilata DeG. (i) Adalia bipuitctata Linn, (i)
Erotylid^. Laitguria mozardi Lat. (3) Acroptcroxys gracilis Xewm. (2) Tritoma Ihoracica Say. (2)
Tritoma flavicollis Lac. (6)
CoLYDlID.i:.
Cerylon caslaneum Say. (2) Pliilotlierinus glabriculus Lee. (i)
CUCUJID.E.
Silvauus planatus Germ, (i) Lamophlcrus convexiilus Lee. (i) Lccmophl(uus adiistiis Lee. (2)
CRYPTOPHAGIDvE.
Tomarus pulchellus Lee. (26) Agatheugis liueola Ntm. (i) Atoniaria pusilla Payk. (i) Atomaria ochracca Zimm. (i) Atoniaria ochracea,
var. pennsylvanica Csy. (i) Atoniaria oblongtila Csy. (11) AtoDtaria ephippiata Zimm. (3)
Mycetophagid^.
Mycetophagns picta Csy. (i)
Dermestid.b. Dermestes lardarius Linn, (i) Attageinis deficiens Csy. (2)
HiSTERID.E.
Hister abbreviatus Fabr. (i) Hister lecontei Mars. (4) Aeletes politus Lee. (i)
NlTIDULID^.
Epurcca peltoides Horn, (i) Epuraa labilis Er. (i) Soronia undulata Say. (i) Cyllodes biplagiatus Lee. (7) Cycliramus adustus Er. (i) Cryptarcha ampla Er. (i) Ips quadriguttatus Fabr. (i)
Lathridiid.e. Latliridiiis liratus Lee. (2) Corticaria serrata Payk. (i)
182
Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'°'- xx\'iii
Melanophthalma picta Lee. (2) Melanophthalma villosa Zimm. (8) Melanophthalma distinguendaCom.i?) Melanophthalma longipennis Lee. (i) Melanophthalma cavicollis Mann. (4)
Byrrhid^.
Cytilus sericeiis Forst. (i) Syncalypta spinosa Rossi. (4)
Parnid.5:. Psephenus lecontei Lee. (i)
Heterocerid^. Heterocerus ventralis Mels. (i)
Dascyllid^. Cyplwn obscunts Guer.
Elaterid^. Adelocera obtecta Say. (i) Hypnoidus planatus Lee. (i) Hy-pnoidus striatulns Lee. (6) Hypnoidus melsheimeri Horn. (4) Hypnoidns obliquatuhis Mels. (3) Moiiocrepidius auritns Hbst. (i) Elater nigricollis Hbst. (i) Elater z'itiosiis Lee. ( i ) Elater nigricans Germ. (2) Elater rubricus Say. (i) Elater areolatus Say. (i) Agriotes niancus Say. (2) Agriotes pnbescens Mels. (12) Dolopius lateralis Esch. (4) Melanotus difficilis Blatch. (i) Limonius griseus Beauv. (i) Limonins anceps Lee. (12) Sericus incongruus Lee. (5) Serious silaceus Say. ( i ) Sericus flavipennis Mots, (i) Ludins tesselatns Linn. (2) Ludius hieroglyphicus Say. (i)
Throscid^, Throscns constrictor Say. (3)
BuPRESTIDiE.
Dicerca prolongata Lee. (6) Antha.via qiiercata Fabr. (i) Chrysobothris femorata Fabr. (13) Chrysobothris soror Lee. (i) Agrilus vittaticollis Rand. (3) Agrilus acutipennis Mann, (i) Agrilus politus Say. ( i ) Agrilus obsoletoguftatus Gory, (i) Taphrocerus gracilis Say. (4) Brachys ovata Web. (2) Br achy s drosa Mels. (8) Brachys trruginosa Gory. (16) Pachyscelus purpureus Say. (i)
Lampyrid^. Lucidota punctata Lee. (2) Ellychnia corrusca Linn, (i) Pyractomena angulata Say. (i) Photuris pennsylvanica DeG. (2) Podabrus rugulosus Lee. (2) Podabrus basillaris Say. (3) Podabrus modestus Say. (i) Podabrus punctatits Lee. (2) Telephorus den tiger Lee. (2) Telephonis fraxini Say. (i) Telephorus carolinus Fabr. (4) Telephorus nigrituliis Lee. (i) Telephorus flavipes Lee. (6) Telephorus rotundicollis Say. (i) Telephorus bilineatus Say. (i) Malthodes e.vilis Mels. (i) Malthodes fuliginosus Lee. (2)
Malachiid^. Malachius aneus Linrt. (2) Pseudebaus oblitus Lee. (i) Hydnocera tabida Lee. (2) Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl. (6)
Ptinid^. Ernobius mollis Linn, (i)
LUCANID^.
Platycerus quercils Fabr. (i) Ceruchus piceus Web. (i)
June, 1920.]
XOTMAX: COLKOPTERA. X. Y
183
SCARAB.EID.E.
Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Har. (i) Onthophagus hecate Panz. (i) Atanitis strigalus Say. (i) Dialytes strialulus Say. (i) Aphodius fimetarius Linn. (2) Aphodius fossor Linn. (4) Odotitcrus filicontis Say. (i) Geotrupes splendidus Fabr. (i) Hoplia trifasciata Say. (2) Dichelonycha diluta Fall. (5) Diclielottycha testacea Kby. (4) Dichelonycha elongata Fabr. (3) Serica vespertina Gyll. (i) Diplotaxis atlatttis Fall, (i) Lachnosterna anxia Lee. (i) Euphoria fulgida Fabr. (i) Creiiiastochiliis canaliculatus Kby. (2) Trichius affinis Gory. (4)
Cer.\mbycid.^. Cyrtophorus verrucosus Oliv. (3) Pachyta monticola Rand. (3) Acmcrops thoracica Hald. (4) Leptura lineola Say. (5) Leptura aurata Horn, (i) Leptura iiiutabilis Xewm. (3) Pseuocerus supernotatus Say. (i) Saperda concolor Lee. (i) Oberea biinaculata Oliv. (i) Oberea filutn Csy. (4)
Chrysomelid.e. Douacia emarginata Kby. (i) , Syitcta ferruginea Germ, (i) Anomcca laticlavia Forst. (2) Chlaiiiys plicata Fabr. (i) Exema dispar Lac. (3) Cryptocephalus quadruplex "Sewm. (i) Pachybrachys bivittatus Say. (19) Typophorus canellus
var. sellatus Horn, (i)
var. sculellaris n. var.
var. puuiilus Lcc. (i)
var. quadriguttatus Lee. (i)
var. riltatus Horn, (i) Xanthottia deceiiinotatus Say. (i) Graphops marcassitus Cr. (i) Chrysodiiia globosa Oliv. (3) Calligrapha siiuilis Rogers. (4) Calligrapha elegans (i) Calligrapha bigsbyana Kby. (2) Plagiodera versicolor Laich. (i) Gaslroidea polygoui Linn, (i) Z.t)ia treninlcc Fabr. (4) Gonioctena pallida Linn, (i) Phyllodecta vitellincc Linn. (5) Luperodes cyanellus Lee. (4) Diabrotica vittata Fabr. (i) Galerucella americana Fabr. (2) Galerucella sexvittata Lee. (2) Galerucella cavicollis Lee. (4) Galerucella tuberculata Say. (i) Galerucella decora Say. (7) Hypolampsis pilosa Illig. (i) CEdionychis limbalis Mels. (2) CEdionychis qtiercata Fabr. (3) Haltica ignita Illig. (8) Haltica fuscoccnea Mels. (i) Crepidodera helxines Linn. (13) Crepidodera rufipes Linn. (2) Epitrix cucumeris Harris. (6) Mantura floridana Cr. (3) S.rj/e»;a hudsonias Forst. (13) Microrhopala excavata Oliv. (i) Microrhopala vittata Fabr. (2) Chalepus ruber Web. (2) Chalepus nervosa Panz. (8) Physonota unipunctata Say. (2) Coptocycla bicolor Fabr. (2) Coptocycla signifera Hrbst. (i)
TeNEBRIONIDvC.
Kyctobates pennsylvanica DeG. (i) Iphthimus opacus Lee. (i)
CiSTELID.E.
Isomira quadristriata Coup, (i)
L.\GRIID.€.
Arthromacra (rnca Say. (9)
184 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
Melaxdryid^. Melandrya striata Say. (i) Canifa pallipes Mels. (2)
CEPHAL01D.E. Cephaloon Jepturides Newni. (i)
M0KDELLID.5. Anaspis riifa Say. (2) Mordellistena aspersa Mels. (i) Mordellistena pnstulata Mels. (i) Mordellistena convicta Lee. (3) Mordellistena morula Lee. (4)
AXTHICID^.
Corphyra lugiibris Say. (i) AnthicKS festinans Csy. (3)
Meloid.e. Pouipliopa^a sayi Lee. (4)
Hypomolyx piccns DeG. (i) Bagotts mammillattis Say. (2) Anthononnis robustulus Lee. (4) Anthonomiis sycophanta Walsh. (2) Anthonomus rufipennis Lee. (i) •.
Anthononnis consimilis Dietz. (2) Anthonomus mtisculus Say. (i) Orchestes niger Horn, (i) Orchestes pallicornis Say. (i) Ty chins picirostris Fabr. (5) Tyloderma foveolata Say. (2) Tyloderma nigra Csy. (i) Cryptorhynchiis lapathi Linn, (i) Auleutes asper Lee. (3) Ceiitorhynchus cyanipennis Germ, (i) Ceutorhynchus piinctiger Sahib. (3) Ceiitorhynchus semirnfus Lee. (i) Pelenomus sulcicollis Fabr. (4) Rhinoncus pyrrhopns Lee. (2) Sphenophorus melanocephalusFahT.(2)
CuRCULIONID.E.
Attelabiis rhois Boh. (7) Horniorus undulatus Uhler. (2) Phyxelis rigidus Say. (4) Apion pennsylvanicum Boh. (i) Apion impeditum Fall, (i) Phytonomits meles Fabr. (i) Phytonomiis polygoni Fabr. (i) Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr. (i) Hyperodes sparstts Say. (i)
SCOLYTID.E.
Pityophthorits consimilis Lee. (i) Xyloterus politus Say. (i) Dryoca^tes americanus Hopk. (i) Ips grandicollis Eich. (i) Micracis asperulus Lee. (i)
ANTHRIBID.E. Eurymycter fasciatits Oliv. (i) Brachytarsus tomentosiis Say. (i)
Notes and Descriptions.
Bembidium simplex Lee. Bembidium planiusculum Mann. Bembidium complanulum Mann.
Abundant material is at hand which is separable into these three species as defined by Hayward. Though not abundant at Windsor, they may be collected in some numbers along the more elevated streams in the Adirondack Mts. At lower elevations they are re- placed by B. planum Hald. and B. grandiceps Hayw., which are similar in their habits. The author believes that the species named
June, 1920.] NoT^rA^• : Coleoptera. N. Y. 185
B. nisficti))! wliich Col. Casey describes from the Catskill Mts. is the same species which Hayward describes as B. planiuscnlum ^[ann. (Mem. Col., VIII, p. 33). Col. Casey believes that B. planiuscnlum and B. coviplauulum belong in the next group of his synopsis (1. c. p. 37). He separates the two groups (erasum) and (planatum) by the convexity of the body and the strength of the outer stride of the elytra. It should be hoticcd. however, that although he places rusticum in the group (erasum) in wliich the body is more convex and the outer strire o])solcte. he descril)es the species as having the seventh stria distinct and the body rather depressed.
Bembidium basicorne new species.
Form rather short and broad, depressed, not very distinctly oval. Color black, rarely with a feeble metallic shimmer on the head and thorax ; antenna;, side margins of the thorax and elytra and the apical half of the sutural margins of the latter piceous ; first joint of the antennae bright rufous ; femora blackish piceous, apices of the latter and the tibiae paler, tarsi brownish testaceous : palpi brownish. Head finely, thorax very obsoletely alutaceous. Elytra polished, shining, distinctly opalescent. Head about three fourths the width of the thorax, distinctly wider than the thorax at apex; eyes strongly convex, frontal grooves broad, strong, connected with the foveate punctures of the clypeus ; antennre moderately long and slender, reaching the basal third of the elytra ; joints about three times as long as wide. Thorax one third wider than long; about three fifths the width of the elytra, base slightly narrower than the apex ; sides strongly rounded in front, oblique and slightly sinuate behind the middle; posterior angles sharp and minutely rectangular, apex strongly emar- ginate, apical angles prominent, rounded ; side margins rather wide, narrowly reflexed at edge ; basal impressions broad rather deep, bistriate, obsoletely sculptured, carina rather long and strong, median line strong, distinctly im- pressed, subentire. Elytra about one third longer than wide, sides feebly arcuate and divergent to apical two fifths, thence strongly rounded to the apex; the first four striae distinct on the disk, the first two entire; outer striae apex ; the first four striae distinct on the disk, the first two entire ; outer stri.-e very close to the margin, confluent with it at basal fourth ; the stria: extremely minutely and indistinctly punctate. The third stria bipunctate, the anterior at basal third, the posterior at nearly apical fourth. Length 3.75 mm.: width, 1.5-1.6 mm. (^ 5. Three specimens.
This species is allied to B. iridcsccns Lee. It occurs in the Adi- rondack Mts. in numbers with the above three species and shows no variation of importance. It dift'ers from iridcsccns in the absence of the pale area at the apex of the elytra, its dark legs, the thorax slightly
186 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviir.
narrower at base, the elytral apex more obtusely rounded and its smaller size. It differs from impiitm Csy. in its form and the color of its legs.
Amara edax new species.
Form rather short, broad and convex. Color black with an extremely feeble metallic lustre, legs black ; tibiae and tarsi dark rufo-piceous, three basal joints of the antenna rufo-testaceous, outer joints fuscous. Head and thorax smooth, strongly shining, very finely alutaceous in the basal angles ; elytra very finely alutaceous but shining. Head scarcely one half the width of the thorax, slightly narrower than the apex ; strioles scarcely apparent ; antennae not quite reaching the base of the thorax; third joint strongly carinate on basal third. Thorax one half wider than long, just perceptibly narrower than the elytra, - widest one third before the base, sides strongly and evenly rounded, apex about one half the width of the base, strongly emarginate, apical angles nar- rowly rounded ; basal angles rounded, rather strongly bent back ; puncture nearly twice as far from the side as from the basal margin ; median line fine, distinctly impressed ; anterior transverse impression feeble, basal impressions and fovese altogether obsolete, basal area impunctate, surface evenly convex. Elytra one third longer than wide, sides evenly arcuate from about the middle to the apex, apical sinuses distinct. Strias fine, impunctate ;. the scutellar with an ocellate puncture at base, not joined to the first at apex; punctures of the eighth stria with three wide intervals at middle ; elytral interva.ls alrnost flat. Length, 7.35 mm. ; width, 3.5 bb. (^. One specimen.
This species is probably close to A. lanrana Csy. described from Boulder Co., Col. The form is broader, the elytra shorter, the thorax distinctly wider before the base with the sides more evenly arcuate, the hind angles rounded, punctures nearer the basal margin.
Cercyon incrematus new species.
Form oval, widest near the base of the elytra, moderately convex. Color black, side margins of the thorax rather broadly and indefinitely dark rufous; elytra dark rufo-piceous, apical third and broad side margins rather indefinitely obscure testaceous ; antennae, mouth parts ani legs rufo-piceous. Head mod- erately closely and somewhat finely punctate, about one half the width of the thorax. Thorax more than twice a^ wide as long, sides more strongly arcuate and narrowed in front ; basal' marginal line extending to the fourth elytral stria, surface moderately closely and somewhat finely punctate, scarcely less closely on the sides. Elytra not quite three times the length of the thorax, one third longer than wide, widest at basal fourth where they are distinctly wider than the thorax, thence narrowed and feebly arcuate to about apical third, thence acutely rounded to the apex ; ten striate, striae not closely punc-
June, 1920.] XOTMAX : CoLEOPTERA, X. Y. 187
tate, punctures separated by about their diameters, all the stride abbreviated at base, the first four very faint in the scutcllar area ; intervals more finely and less closely punctate than the strije, eighth interval with a somewhat irregular double row of punctures. Body beneath black, opaque. Prosternuni carinate ; metasternal area shining, punctures fine, separated by about twice their diam- eters ; area not extended by an oblique line to the anterior angles. Anterior tibise not emarginate at apex. Length, 2.5 mm. ; width, 1.7 mm. One specimen.
Cercyon basillaris new species.
Form elongate-oval, widest near the base of the elytra, moderately convex. Color black, elytra rufo-piceous, scarcely indefinitely paler at the extreme apex, narrow basal margin and the first interval to the middle blackish ; mouth parts and femora piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler, rufo-piceous. Head moderately closely, somewhat less faintly punctate than in the preceding; one half the width of the thorax. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides evenly, gradually narrowed and arcuate from base to apex ; basal marginal line extend- ing inwards only as far as the sixth stria, surface moderately closely and some- what finely punctate, not at all sparser on the sides. Elytra rather more than three times the length of the thorax, nearly one half longer than wide, widest at basal fourth where it is distinctly wider than the thorax ; form just per- ceptibly angulate at this point due to the feeble and flattened arcuation of the thorax ; sides posteriorly nearly evenly narrowed and arcuate to the apex. Elytra ten striate, tenth subobsolete, striae punctate, punctures separated by about their diameters, punctures of the intervals finer, not at all dense, less distinct to- wards the apex. Eighth interval narrow with a single very irregular row of punctures. Body beneath black, subopaque, metasternal area shining, punctate, punctures a little sparse and irregular, area not extended by an oblique line to the anterior angles. Anterior tibiae not emarginate at apex. Length, 2.75 mm.; width, 1.7 mm. One specimen.
The species wliich Horn describes as C. quisquilius does not agree at all well with the descriptions of the European authors. It is pos- sible that the above described C. basillaris may be Horn's species. It seems doubtful, however, because the eighth elytral interval is nar- row and uniseriately punctate and the sides of the thorax are not pale. In C. incrcmatiis the form of the thorax does not agree with Horn's description and the elytra have a distinct apical pale area which extends along the sides to the base.
Decarthron exiguum new species.
Form moderately slender. Color uniform brown, legs and antennae not paler. Head to the clypeal margin one half wider than long, eyes very large and convex, occupying the whole side of the head, tempera lacking ; head be-
188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- xxviii.
hind the eyes very oblique ; occiput with two large foveje which are separated from each other by a little less than twice the distance between them and the eyes; antennae rather stout, as long as the head and thorax, first joint one half longer than wide, obconic, second square, as long as wide, third and fourth as long as wide, decreasing slightly in size, five to nine transverse, five just visibly so, nine twice as wide as long and about twice the width of the sec- ond ; terminal joint wider than the ninth, slightly elongate, oval-conic. Head finely pubescent but not visibly punctate. Thorax one fourth wider than long, widest at apical two thirds where it is rather broadly rounded, straight and slightly convergent posteriorly. Fovea large, round and deep, surface punctu- late. Pubescence not dense, pale and decumbent, moderately long. Elytra one fovirth wider than long, scarcely wider at base than the greatest width of the thorax ; humeri oblique, not at all prominent, sides divergent, feebly arcuate, nearly straight in front, surface moderately convex, discal striae distinct to apical third, punctulate, the pubescence rather coarse, dense and decumbent, pale in color. Carinae of the first abdominal segment straight, divergent, half the length of the segment, separated by half the width of the segment between the margins. Length, 1.2 mm.; width, .5 mm. J. One specimen.
This species resembles D. formaccti Lee. It may be distinguished as follows : antennae shorter and stouter, funicular joints nearly all transverse; thorax more transverse and more broadly rounded on the sides. Elytra slightly more transverse, less convex, sides less strongly arcuate, humeri mucli less prominent ; color yellow brown without the strong reddish tinge characteristic of formaccti; pubescence coarser.
Trogophloeus volans new species.
Form somewhat slender, piceous, abdomen black; three basal joints of the antennae and the legs dull rufous. Pubescence rather short, fine and dense, pale cinereous, more conspicuous on the abdomen, less so on the head and thorax. Head slightly transverse, slightly narrower than the thorax, convex, prominences moderately strong; punctures rather coarse, very dense and evenly distributed but distinct, separated by slightly more than their diameters; eyes large, rather strongly convex ; tempora less prominent, broadly rounded, one half the diameter of the eye; antennae slender, feebly and gradually incrassate, not reaching the base of the thorax, third joint three fourths the length of the second, the latter twice as long as wide, fourth scarcely elongate, fifth dis- tinctly so, ninth and tenth slightly transverse. Thorax one fifth wider than long, widest at apical third where it is three fourths the width of the elytra, sides rather broadly rounded anteriorly, nearly straight and convergent pos- teriorly, base nearly four fifths the width of the apex ; discal impressions moderately distinct, more or less interrupted at middle ; punctures similar in size to those of the head, evenly distributed, a little more closely placed.
June, 1920.1 NoTMAX : CoLKOPTF.RA, X. Y. IS'.I
Elytra one fifth longer than wide, om- half longer than the thorax; punctures nearly twice the size of those on the thorax, separated by about their diam- eters, interspaces slightly rugulose, shining; strongly impressed along the suture from base to apical third. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra at base, as wide at the apex of the fifth segment ; surface reticulate, very finely, moderately punctate. Length, 1.9-2.25 mm. ; width, .5-.6 mm. Seven specimens.
This species is an intermediate form between groups IV and V of Casey's synopsis. It would be distinguished from dclicaliis Csy. by its hirgcr size, narrower thorax, not transverse fourth antennal joint.
Trogophloeus vespertinus new species.
Form somewhat slender, rather depressed ; ])iceous, abdomen Ijlack, elytra somewhat paler, three basal joints of the antenna: and legs brownish testa- ceous. Pubescence pale, fine, short and dense. Integuments feebly shining; head, thorax and elytra \ery finely, densely and shallowly punctate throughout, elytra slightly more coarsely but no less densely. Head slightly transverse, scarcely narrower than the thorax ; eyes large but only moderately convex, coarsely faceted ; tempora slightly less prominent, broadly rounded, one half the diameter of the eye ; frontal prominences strong, antenna: reaching the base of the thorax, somewhat stout, second joint as long as the next two and much stouter, fourth joint slightly transverse, fifth larger, quadrate, sixth to tenth distinctly transverse, tenth one third wider than long. Thorax one fourth wider than long, widest at apical third where it is just perceptibly narrower than the elytra, sides rounded in front, nearly straight and convergent behind, base slightly narrower than the apex; discal impression well marked, distinctly divided ; apical angles obtuse but distinct, basal rounded. Elytra scarcely longer than wide, one third longer than the thorax, scarcely impressed along the suture at base. Abdomen as wide as the elytra at base, slightly wider to the apex of the fourth segment which is distinctly the widest part of the body. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, .35 mm. Two spccinwns.
This species may be distinguished from T. volans by its smaller size, stouter antenna; and wider abdomen. The thorax and elytra are narrower than in T. inccrtiis Csy. or dclicatiis Csy. to which it is evidently related.
Bledius fracticornis Payk.
The specimens at hand agree exactly with European examples. B. (Iccct^livKS Fall is closely related to this species and perhaps .synonymous with it. It has not been recorded heretofore from North America.
190 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xx\'iii
Stenus fulvoguttatus luw species.
Form somewhat rol)ust. Pubescence \ery short, distinctly visible only on the abdomen : color whitish. Head large, twice as wide as long ; interocular surface strongly depressed, twice the width of the eye, median convexity broad but narrower than the lateral declivities ; punctures of moderate size, sepa- rated by about one half their diameters; ocular lines meeting at three lengths in advance ; antennse longer than the width of the head, very slender ; third joint nearly as long as the next two, four to seven decreasing very slowly in length, seven very elongate, eight one half longer than wide, nine as wide as long, shorter than the tenth and the eleventh which are elongate and subequal ; club only moderately thick' : i)alpi rufo-testaceous, last joint somewhat infuscate at apex. Thorax widest at middle where it is three fourths the width of the head and about as wide as long ; not very strongly arcuate in front, rather deeply sinuate posteriorly ; the apex slightly narrower than the base ; punctures coarse and very close, ' separated by less than half their diameters; median canaliculation distinct from base to apex, very strong in middle third where the disk is somewhat swollen cither side. Elytra slightly narrower than the head at base, about as wide at the widest where they are as wide as long, suture a little longer than the thorax ; sides arcuate and slightly divergent, apex mod- erately emarginate ; punctvires coarser than those on the thorax, polygonally crowded along the suture and apically ; disk distinctly impressed on the suture at base and laterally ; a small fulvous spot on the center of each just behind the middle. Abdomen narrower than the elytra at base, rather rapidly de- creasing in width posteriorly, basal segments coarsely and closely punctate, fourth and fifth with the punctures much finer and sparser. Legs long and slender; femora pale testaceous at base, gradually darker apically; first joint of the posterior tarsi equal in length to the next three. Length, 4.5-5 mm. ; width, I mm. ,^5. Two specimens.
Male. Fourth ventral abdominal segment broadly and \-ery feebly emar- ginate in median third, a small subcarinate tubercle at either end of the emar- gination. Fifth segment broadly subtriangularly emarginate in median third, emargination about four times as wide as deep ; surface posterior to the emar- gination depressed for half the length of the segment bounded on either side by a carinate edge which is bluntly dentiform at the posterior extremity. Sixth segment with a deep subtriangular emargination as wide as deep and about one fourth the width of the segment and half its length. Seventh seg- ment truncate at apex with an acute tooth at either side. Female. Ventral segments unmodified.
This species is easily distinguished from the others of the group by the form of the thoracic canaHculation. From S. semicolon Lee, which it most closely resembles, it may be also distinguished by its larger size and much longer and more slender antennae. The thoracic canaliculation is like that of the palsearctic ^. himacidatus Gyll., but
Tune, 1920.] XOTMAN : CoLF.OPTF.RA. X. Y. 191
the head in tlie latter species is smaller, less transverse and the median interocular convexity much hroader.
Stenus edax new species.
Form slislitly rolnist. Pubescence short cinereous, conspicuous only on the abdomen. Head moderate in size, twice as wide as lonjj; interocular sur- face two and two thirds times the width of an eye; ocular lines meeting at about one lensith in advance, sulcations distinct, the intermediate convexity narrower than the lateral portions, evenly convex : punctures moderately coarse, evenly, closely distributed, somewhat polygonal, a small smooth spot at the anterior end of the convexity; antenna? short not as long as the width of the head, black throughout, the club composed of five joints, the ninth narrower than the tenth which is as long as the last, the eighth large and dis- tinctly trans\erse, the seventh slightly elongate and much thickened at apex ; the funicular joints short, three to six decreasing rapidly in length, three scarcely shorter than the next two. Palpi rather short, entirely black. Thorax widest slightly before the middle where it is very slightly longer than wide and about four fifths the width of the head ; disk somewhat flattened and the sides compressed making a rather vague longitudinal ridge cither side, intervening surface anteriorly and posteriorly very slightly concave, median canaliculation very fine, scarcely impressed, extending from base to apical fifth ; punctures close, coarse, even throughout, a more or less distinct whorl on the middle of the disk. Elytra at base just perceptibly wider than the head, conjointly as wide as long, the sides very slightly divergent and arcuate, the humeri very prominent, the suture about a fifth longer than the thorax, the surface some- what undulated, the punctures very close and strongly canaliculated, isolated punctures not discernible; whorl entirely behind the middle. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra at base, gradually and rapidly decreasing in width posteriorly, evenly, rather coarsely and closely punctate throughout, punc- tures slightly finer and sparser on the fifth segment. Transverse carinie tri- cusped, the middle cusp long, subcarinate. Legs entirely black; fourth tarsal joint simple, first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the next three, as long as the fifth. Length, 3.7 mm. ; width, i mm. 9. One speciiiu n.
Male. Unknown.
Female. Sixth ventral segment strongly rounded at apex.
This species seems distinct from S. laccof>liiliis Csy. hy its an- tennal structure, general proportions and rapidly narrowed ahdomen.
Stenus perexilis new species.
Form very slendi-r and parallel. Puluscence fine, short, cinereous, longer and denser on the abdonun though not very conspicuous. Head large, twice as wide as long, interocular surface slightly more than twice the width of the eye, ocular lines meeting at two lengths in advance; sulcations very feeble, the
192 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xxviii.
median convexity not at all evident ; punctures moderate in size, evenly dis- tributed, separated by about half their diameters, interspaces feebly shining; antennae long and slender, very distinctly longer than the width of the head ; black; joints three to six decreasing very slowly in length, three but little longer than four ; seventh elongate, enlarged apically, eighth globular, not wider; club distinct but not strong. Thorax widest at apical third where it is three fourths the width of the head and one third longer than wide ; sides feebly arcuate and convergent anteriorly, slightly more convergent and feebly sinuate posteriorly ; apex arcuate, slightly wider than the base which is less distinctly arcuate ; surface even, feebly shining, punctures of moderate size, very dense, a fine and rather faint median canaliculation extending from the base to a little before the middle. Elytra conjointly one fourth longer than wide, widest at the middle where it is exactly the width of the head ; apex feebly emarginate, as wide as the base, sides feebly arcuate, suture one sixth longer than the thorax ; punctures larger than those of the thorax, very dense and canaliculated, without whorls. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra at base, scarcely perceptibly narrower to the apex of the fifth segment ; trans- verse carinre four cusped, punctures finer than those of the thorax, rather dense, but slightly less so on the fifth segment. Legs black, fourth joint of the tarsi simple, first joint of the posterior tarsi not as long as the next two, shorter than the fifth. Length 3.25 mm. ; width, .65 mm. One specimen. Female. L'nknown.
This species is related to S. colonns Er. It is more slender and the head is larger. The thoracic canalictilation places it in the preceding group of Casey's synopsis with those having four cusped al)doininal carinje. It would he distinguished from iiiilifaris hy its elongate thorax and form.
Scopaeus quadriceps Ntm.
Elorida specimens answering to the description of ^. luacilcntus Csy. were found in some material recently identified hy the author for the American Museum of Natural History. The species is quite distinct from the above.
Pelurga luridipennis Mann.
A specimen in the material at hand is practically indistinguishable from a European example of the above species except by its small size — 2 mm. It is somewhat immature and is possibly merely a dwarfed form. Ganglbauer states that the species is found through- out Europe and on the island of Madeira so that its presence in North America would not be surprising.
.lunc, I920.] NOTMAX: CoLKOPTF-RA, N. Y. 193
Daya (Pluisnwtd) ingratula (sy.
This species was described from !\Iississii)j)i. The specimen at hand ag-rees so perfectly with the description tlicro seems no possi- liility of doiihtint;- the indentification tliouj^li its i)resence in New York is soniewliat suri)risin,g.
Metaxya (flygra-cia) magniceps Salil.
A large series in the material at hand agrees very closely with Ganglbauer's description of the above species. Comparison has also been made with a si)ecimen of the closely allied luiropean species (H) dcbilis Er. which differs by its pale antenna*. ( // ) )iia(/iiiccps is known from Finland and Germany.
Oxypoda (Pcmosoma) schaefferi new species.
Form slightly robust and distinctly fiisoid, moderately convex, feebly shin- ing; color black, thorax, elytra, lej^s and antennre piceous, the basal joints of the antcnn.-e not paler; tarsi somewhat paler. Head, thorax and elytra strongly alutaceous ; punctures fine, shallow, umbilicate on the thorax, aspcrulate on the elytra, separated by twice their diameters ; abdomen imbricate-reticulate. punctures asperate, sparser on the fifth segment : pubescence somewhat fine, equally dense throughout. Head transverse, rounded, slightly more than one half the width of the thorax; eyes scarcely prominent, rather large, at slightly less than their own diameters from the base; the tempora slightly divergent, infralatcral carinse very strong, entire; antennae about reaching the base of the thorax, somewhat stout but not strongly incrassate, second joint slightly longer than the first, distinctly longer than the third, fourth slightly transverse, outer joints very gradually larger and more transverse, tenth three fifths wider than long, terminal joint obtusely pointed at apex, as long as the two pre- ceding. Thorax scarcely one half wider than long, widest slightly behind the middle, sides strongly convergent and nearly straight anteriorly, feebly arcuate and subparallel posteriorly; base rounded, posterior angles completely rounded, disk indistinctly biimpressed at base. Elytra scarcely as wide as the thorax at base, distinctly wider at apex, sides straight and distinctly divergent, con- jointly about one fourth wider than long, suture slightly longer than the thorax, sinuses rather strong. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra at base, feebly narrowed posteriorly (excluding the margins). Rasal joint of the posterior tarsi nearly as long as the next three combined. Length 1.75 mm.; width. .75 mm. Two specimens.
This species is very close to the Kuro])ean O. ( nciiiosomu) ntgi- coUis Kr. The thorax is slightly more shining, the sides in front straighter, the elvtra are longer and the legs and antcnn;e are dark.
194 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
It seems to l)e different from tlie species described by Casey. O. vctnla from New Jersey probably belongs to a different subgenus.
Typophorus canellus Fabr., scutellaris new variety.
Black, head rufous with the occiput and a large spot on the front black ; legs with the tibire and tarsi rufous ; narrow anterior margin of the thorax, a large elongate scutellar spot and the narrow apical margin of the elytra rufous. One specimen.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY.
Meeting of February 17.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8 P.M. in the American Museum of Natural History, Vice-president John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with nineteen members present, and President L. B. Woodruff later in the evening. One visitor, Mr. Emerson, of British Guiana, was also present.
Mr. Dickerson read a paper on " Miscellaneous Insects of the Evening Primrose " which will be printed later.
On motion by Dr. Lutz it was voted to publish plates for this paper at the expense of the Society.
, Mr. Nicolay read a paper on " The Species of Taphroccrus and Pachy- scelus," exhibiting his collection and that of Mr. Leng. He also called atten- tion to an entomological illustration in " Ladies' Home Journal."
Mr. Sherman spoke, in connection with popular entomology, of the product of the Savage Northrup Animated Toy Co., imitating beetles.
Dr. Bequaert read a paper, " Some Remarks on North-American Cono- pids," reviewing the classification, distribution, and life haljits, calling atten- tion especially to the lack of definite knowledge of the habits of Stylogasfcr.
Mr. Davis spoke of the contents of a red-eyed vireo's nest found February 14, where, with two grains of corn beneath the old leaves, reposed Euschistns variolarius.
Meeting of March 2.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8 P.M., on March 2, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural History Presi- dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with twenty-six members and four visitors present.
Mr. Davis donated $100.00 to the Society's fund, which amount on motion by Dr. Lutz was added to the Permanent Fund, with a vote of thanks to Mr. Davis.
Mr. E. A. Smith, 2 Arden St., New York City, was nominated by Mr. Watson for active membership.
June, 19-0.] ProCKKDINGS OK THE SOCIETY. \ 195
Dr. Lutz spoke on " A Collecting Trip in Colorado," illustrating his re- marks with a topographic sketch of the State and with many photographs shown on the screen by the projectiscope. He pointed out that the environ- mental factor was often overlooked in distribution data; and that his object had in part been to correct this for Colorado, a State in which, from its high mountains. Boreal and Transition zones occurred interrupted by four Sonoran areas as shown in Biological Survey of Colorado by Merritt Cary (Xo. Amer- ican Fauna No. 33, U. S. Dept. Agl. Washington, 191 1).
In carrying out this object, between June 3rd and August 20th, 29 dif- ferent stations for collecting were established, including Lamar, Springfield, Regnier. Trinidad, W'alsenburg, Alamosa, Bondad, Mesa Verde, Ridgeway, Grand Junction, Denver and Wray in the Sonoran; Monte Vista, Durango, Mancos, Rifle, Meeker, Glenwood Springs and Boulder in more or less Transi- tion areas ; South Fork, Pagosa Springs in more markedly Transition and Continental Divide, Electra Lake, Telluride, Ouray, Aspen, Tennessee Pass, Leadville and Ward in the more elevated Canadian and Hudsonian zones. The elevation at which .the cooler zones occur are greater on the southwestern slopes than on the northeastern, so that the Transition begins at about 5,600 feet in one case, but not until 7,800 feet is reached in the other.
Dr. Lutz traced the distribution of certain species of Boinbus in par- ticular and showed specimens of the flowers and trees as well as the insects, closing by pointing out that though 500,000 specimens with ecological data had been gathered in the last ten years, they were only samples from selected places ; and every group worked up by members become stones in the bridge from hazy notions to more perfect knowledge of distribution, the Museum was trying to build.
Mr. Shoemaker exhibited " Miscellaneous Beetles taken last Summer " principally at Washington, D. C, and on Slide Mountain in the Catskill Moun- tains, the latter including a number of northern forms. Mr. Hallinan spoke of the Lepidoptera of Panama, particularly in reference to migration.
Dr. Bequaert commended the minute details accumulated on the migration of swarms of tropical butterflies.
Mr. .\hgell si)oke of winter collecting of longhorns on hickory fire wood.
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Vol. XXVIII.
Nos. 3 and 4.
J OU RN AL
OF THE
NEW YORK
Entomological Society
H)evote& to JEntomoloav in (General.
AN 2 1 T921
SEPT.-DEC, 1920.
Edited !)>• HO\V.\RD NOTMAX
Publication Committer. Howard Notman K. E. Lotz.
\V. P. CoMSTocK. Charles Schaeffkr.
Published Quarterly by the Society. LANCASTER, I'A. NEW YORK CITY.
1920.
[ Knirfi Apiil 31, 1^04, ;it I-T'Ca»ler, Pa... is second-class matter iiniler Act ol Congress ol July if-, iS,4 ]
THE NEW EUA PBINT
CONTENTS
The Beetles of the Family Cupedidae of America north of
Mexico. By Geo. W. Barber, and Wm. 0. Ellis I97
New Species of Serica. ( Scarabaeidae. ) III. By r. w. Dawson 208 Further Notes on the Membracid Genus Ophiderma Fairm.
(Hemip.-Homop.) By Lewis B. Woodruff . 212
Notes on the Crambinae. (Lepidoptera ). By w. t. M. Forbes . 214
Miscellaneous Notes and Records of Local Lepidoptera with the
Description of a New Form. By Frank e. Watson 227
Winter Collecting Notes on Florida Rhopalocera. By E. L. Bei x . 235
General Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Canal Zone, Isthmus of
Panama. By Thomas Hai.linan 238
Book Reviews. By Wm, T. Davis 239
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society ... 241
JOURNAL
jOfto ]9oFk ^in^omologiral %nMi.
Vol. XXVIII. Septembek-Dixember, 1920. Nos. 3and4.
THE BEETLES OF THE FAMILY CUPEDID^ OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO.
By Geo. W. Barrer and Wm. O. Ellis, Cereal and Forage Division, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Arlington, Mass.
The members of the family Cupedidce are undoubtedly among the most remarkable and rare of the Coleoptera known to occur m Amer- ica, north of Mexico. They are especially remarkable because of their peculiar tuberculate character and the grotesque sculpturing of their bodies. Two taxonomic papers dealing with the American species of the family have been published: LeConte — " On the Cupesidse of North America," in Trans. Amer.
Entom. Soc, V, 1874, pp. 87-88. Casey — "" Synopsis of the genus Citpcs " in Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci.. IX,
1897, pp. 637-638.
Five species of the family Cupedidas have been described from our territory, four of which have been held to be distinct wliile the fifth. Cupcs ocitlatiis Casey (13), has been reduced to the rank of a variety by Blatchley (24). After carefully reviewing the facts, however, the writers believe that ocnlatus has good specific characters and it is here considered as a distinct species, the reasons being enumerated hereafter.
Three of the .\mcrican species have never been figured. This
197
198 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,
need the writers have herewith endeavored to supply at the same time including keys and the original descriptions of the genera and species together with some notes on the distribution.
The relationship of the Cupedidae to the other groups of Coleoptera has long been disputed among systematists and the position of the family is still uncertain.
LeConte and Horn (12) have been followed by most American students, including Blatchley (24), in placing the family in the Serri- cornia. It has remained for Brues and Melander (28) to bring to the attention of the American student the newer and more correct viewpoint of the European Coleopterists in the relationships of groups, and apparently they have followed Ganglbauer (18) more closely.
Sharp (22) has plafed the Cupedidae in the Polymorpha associated with the Cucujidae but, as Gahan (26) has pointed out, his arrange- ment of the Coleoptera was evidently not formulated with any par- ticular regard to the phylogeny of the groups.
Doubtless the most comprehensive treatise on the subject has been published by Gahan (26) in which he treats of the results of the studies of Ganglbauer (18), Lameere (14 and 19), and Kolbe (16 and 20), in their attempts to classify the Coleoptera. He shows that the more recent work of these systematists has resulted in the placing of the Cupedidae, as follows:
Ganglbauer (18) placed the Cupedidae in the Adephaga, believing them to be a more modified family of that group;
Lameere (19) placed the Cupedidce in the Cupediformia of the Adephaga, believing them to be Adephaga of the most prim- itive type;
Kolbe (16) placed the Cupedidae in the Adephaga, but later (20) re- moved the family to the Heterophaga or Polyphaga, erecting the division Symphyogastra for their reception.
Gahan (26) does not clearly commit himself as to where he believes the family should be placed, but a careful study of his work shows that he undoubtedly would place the family in the Adephaga and would probably follow Ganglbauer (18) most closely.
Kolbe (Gahan (26), p. 124) has shown that the wing venation of the Cupedidae is nearer to the original type than all other Coleoptera.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.I BaRHER AND ElLIS : TlIE FAMILY CUPEDID^. 199
Ganglbauer (i8) for this reason, and because the sternites and pleurae of the second abdominal segment are completely fused with those of the third, considers the group a more modified family of the Adephaga. Gahan (25 and 26, p. 166) gives as an additional reason in support of this disposition of the family that there is a suture on each side of the prothorax between the notum and the pleurae, a con- dition met with only in the Adephaga.
Gahan (26, p. 247) has shown that Lameere was mistaken in be- lieving that the second and third abdominal segments are entirely separate which was his reason for considering the family the most primitive of the Adephaga.
Because of the complete fusion of the sternites and pleurae of the second and third abdominal segments, Kolbe (20) removed the family from the Adephaga and placed it in the Polyphaga but Gahan (25 and 26, p. 166) has shown an additional reason, as stated previously, why this should not be done.
With the description and figuring of the larvae and ])upx of Cupcs concolor Westw., Snyder (27), the subject is anything but cleared and Gahan's (26) opinion will perhaps be reversed.
Lameere (Gahan (26), p. 166) believed that the larvae live in wood and are of the cruciform type. Snyder (27) has shown that the larvae are of the eruciform type and do live in wood; in fact, they greatly depart from the campodeiform type, and he states that the legs are five-segmented with a single claw, approaching somewhat larvae of the Lymexilonidae in appearance. These characters are, in- deed, widely different from the campodeiform larvae with six-seg- mented legs and tarsi with two claws that are found in the Adephaga,. although Gahan has shown here that one exception is now known in Adephagan larvae in the family Paussidae which Dr. Boving describes, as having only five segments in each leg.
We must, if we are to admit that the two suborders, Adephaga and Polyphaga, are the true major divisions of the Coleoptera, weigh these points very carefully in deciding the position that the Cupedidiie should hold. The characters may be summed up as follows :
200 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii,
CUPEDID/E. Adephaga. Polyphaga.
Wing venation of the first type Sternites and pleurae of the second
(Gahan, 26, p. 124). A suture on abdominal segment completely fused each side of the prothorax between with the third (Gahan, 26, p. 247). the notum and pleurae (Gahan, 26, p. Habits of the larvae. Larvje eruci- 166). form, widely departing from the cam-
podeiform type. Larvae with legs of five segments — tarsi with a single claw (Snyder, 2-j').
Shall we, therefore, in view of these characters, consider the Cupedidre —
1. As a modified famil}- of the Adephaga, as Gangll^auer and Gahan
contend ?
2. As a distinct subdivision of the Polyphaga, nearly approaching the
Adephaga as Kolbe considered them, or
3. As holding a position between the Adephaga and the Polyphaga,
having important characters of each of these suborders and indicating a more direct descent from the original Coleopteron? The wing venation would seem to indicate that this might be true.
The writers are more inclined to agree with Kolbe (20) in plac- ing this family in the Polyphaga, for if we are correct in believing that only beetles having the campodeiform type of larva should be placed in the Adephaga, then the Cupedidse are widely different, not- withstanding the wing venation and the suture on each side of the prothorax between the notum and pleurae.
To be; sure, Dr. Boving's discovery of an exception to the six- segmented leg of the Adephaga in the Paussidae would tend to show that the Cupedidae might not be excluded from that group by that reason alone.
If the Coleoptera are really to be arranged with regard to the true phylogeny of groups much and exhaustive study will have to be made on the ontogeny of the species. This knowledge at present is so manifestly inadequate in most families that a grouping in accord- ance with true racial relationships is usually impossible. Notwith- standing, it is the .only permanent basis and the one which should be kept constantly in mind. Therefore, until our information on the
Scpt.-Dec, 1920.1 Barber and Ellis: The Family Cupedid.e. 201
life-history and the bionomics of the species herein concerned is more ample it seems correct to place the CupedidiE in the Polyphaga, in the position Kolbe has suggested for its retention.
Immature Stages.
Snyder (27) has recently pul)li.shcd descriptions and fifjurcs of the larva? and pupae of Ciipcs concolor and has thereby filled a long felt need.
The larv?e were found excavating longitudinal burrows in solid, but decaying chestnut (telegraph pole) and oak (trestle timbers). The following is Mr. Snyder's cliaractcrization of the larva; and pupse of Cupcs concolor Westw.
" The lar\ a is 23.5 mm. in length, white, elongate and subcylindrical. Body gradually broadening from the sixth to the eighth abdominal segment, ninth abdominal segment conical, with numerous long hairs on sides, armed with more heavily chitinized sharp tubercles, being produced to a narrow, heavily chitinized cylindrical anal process; anal process widening at apex, tip concave. Pleural ridge on all abdominal segments. Prothorax prominent, approaching the characteristic dilation of Eiipsalis and Lymexilonid larvae, broader than head and other thoracic segments. Prosternum broad, flat, armed with numerous chitinized asperities. Legs 5-jointed, excluding claw; first joint large, flattened, fleshy lobe. Labium with hairs on anterior portion. Antennae 4-jointed. Maxillae with all three parts distinct; lacinia thick and fleshy, with long hairs pointing inward on anterior portion, palpi 3-jointed ; galea 2-jointed. Labium black, chitinous, chisel-edged emarginate, with 2-jointed palpi. Mandible lilack, chitinous with largo, blunt basal tooth and 3 other teeth.
"Pupa is 11.5 mm. in length, white, body somewhat flattened, abdominal segments gradually broadening : anal segment widest, conical ; genitalia with 2 lateral, curved, chitinous hooks, pointing anteriorly. Dorsal carina running the whole length of the body, becoming more distinct toward the end of the abdomen. -Antenna; lying ventrally, overlapping the elytra. Head bent ven- trally at right angles to prothorax. First pair of legs lying between other pairs."
Charactkri/.atiox of the 1""amii.v.
Cupesid.T — Lac. (7); LeConte and Horn (12); l^)latch. (24). Cupedid.'e — .-Xlluaud (15) ; Peyerimhoff (17 and 21) ; Gahan (26).
Catalogues — Gem. & Har. (9) ; Junk (23).
The following characterization is from LeConte and Horn (12) and Blatchley (24).
202 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,
"Antennae ii-jointed, filiform, rigid, inserted rather close together upon the front ; the head tuberculate, stretched out forward and suddenly constricted behind and attached to the thorax by a distinct neck ; thorax small, quadrate, the side margins well defined ; presternum well defined with a slight point be- hind fitting into the mesosternum ; elytra entire, with rows of large punctures and intermediate ribs ; front coxae small, not prominent, their cavities trans- verse, open behind ; mesosternum with the side pieces excavated for the middle legs ; hind coxae transverse, flat, sulcate behind, receiving the thighs in repose ; abdomen with five free ventral segments ; legs slender, contractile ; tibiae with- out terminal spurs, tarsi s-jointed, spongy beneath, their claws simple."
Gahan (26) has shown that the family should be further char- acterized, as follows :
A suture on each side of the prothorax between notum and the pleurae; sternites and pleurae of the second abdominal segment com- pletely fused with the third; wing venation of a more or less com- pletely developed and unmodified state, the costa, subcosta, radius, media, cubitus and analis present and joined together by a greater number of transverse veins than are known to occur elsewhere in the Coleoptera. The anterior branch of the media is a long vein running uninterruptedly almost from the base to the margin and is joined by means of two transverse veins with the media, and by two with the posterior branch of the radius, which, itself, is joined to the radius by two transverse veins. There are, also, two transverse veins be- tween the cubitus and media, and two between the cubitus and analis.
Key to the Genera of N. A. Cupedid.i;.
Antennae less approximate at base, shorter and stouter, scarcely half as long as the body ; eyes small ; gular sutures distant, curved slightly outwards ; double row of spicula present only on posterior half of elytral margin.
Priacma Lee.
Antennae more approximate at base, longer, less stout, exceeding half length of the body ; eyes larger ; gular sutures more approximate, not curved out- wards, parallel or converging behind ; spicula, if present, occupying the full length of the elytral margins Cupes Fabr.
Key to the Species of Cupes.
The following key is from Casey (13). Supra-antennal tumid surface rounded and convex ; antennae shorter ; tem-
pora more developed behind the eyes, which are usually smaller. Body black, the head pale and ochreous-yellow in color; punctures of the
elytral series very large, deep and quadrate capitatUS Fabr.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.1 Barber AND Ellis : TiiE Famiia' Cupedid.^. 203
Body ochreoiis, the elytra variegated with confused patches of dark piceous-brown ; punctures of the elytral series much smaller.
lobiceps Lee. Supra-antennal tumidity obliquely angulate, the antennae more elongate ; tem- pora short, the eyes very large ; body ochreous in color, the elytra varie- gated with sublongitudinal patches of a darker brown. Elytral series composed of large approximate quadrate punctures.
concolor Westw.
Elytral series composed of narrow, elongate punctures ; antenna; less
elongate oculatus Casey.
Priacma Lee.
Dr. LeConte (10) characterized tliis genus as follows:
" Since I have seen the Australian genus Omnia, I recognize in Cupcs scrrata (Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1861, p. 351) a dis- tinct genus, intermediate between that and Cupcs. From the latter it differs by the antennse less approximate at base, shorter and stouter, scarcely half as long as the body, with the joints triangular and nar- rower at the base, the first as long as but stouter than the 3d. The eyes are much smaller, though nearly smooth; the under surface of the head is quite different; gular sutures distant, curved slightly out- wards, gular angles not porrected, but broad and truncate ; mentum more prominent, maxillre more exposed, maxillary palpi longer, last joint elongate, cylindrical, truncate. These differences were partly indicated by me in the remarks appended to the description of the species. The color is mottled gray; head with four subacute tubercles, but not lobed, front concave. Prothorax nearly square, with front angles prominent ; elytra more convex, alternate interspaces feebly convex and a little uneven; side margins strongly toothed towards the tip."
Priacma serrata Lee. (8).
■' Reddish brown, marked irregularly with black variegated with gray and black squamulae ; front concave ; thorax transverse with parallel sides, anterior angles acute and divergent, apex towards the middle broadly and slightly pro- jecting, closely punctuated, grooved, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely im- pressed ; elytra cylindrical, serial foveje quadrate and cancellate, sides towards the apex armed with acute spinulw in two series ; eyes small ; antennae shorter than half the length of the body, ringed with ash and black color. Length .43-.82."
204 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii,
" East of Fort Colville, at Sinyak water depot, and at Camp Kootenay, the variation in size of this remarkable species is very great. Besides the spicula on the lateral margin, and on the extreme inflexed margin of the elytra, a few are visible on the 7th interstitial line near the tip. The blackish markings are scattered along the interstitial line and a broad band behind the middle is also seen."
We were only able to see three specimens of this species in the LeConte collection, from Oregon. Occurs also in Br. Col. and Cal. (Leng.) Lengths 11. -19.5 and 22 mm.
Cupes Fabr.
Fabr. (i) ; Lac. (7).
The following is Fabricius' description of the genus. " Palpi four, equal, last segment thicker, truncate ; ligula short, membranaceous, bifid; antennae cylindrical."
Cupes capitatus Fabr.
Fabr. (i); Coqueb. (2); Cast. (5); Baynes & Reed (n).
" Mouth with maxillae and palpi ; palpi four, equal, subfiliform, anterior 4-jointed, joints subequal ; last thicker, truncate, attached to the back of max- illa; posterior 3-jointed, 2nd joint longer and attached to the base of the ligula ; mandibles short, thick, bifid at the apex, outer division slender, filiform, inner broad, rounded ; ligula short membranaceous, bifid, with divisions ovate, rounded, distant, antennae cylindrical. Body elongate, smooth, emarginate, slender, black ;" head small, ovate, projecting, uneven, red; antennae much longer than the thorax, approximate, cylindrical, first joint thicker, black, inserted between the eyes ; eyes small, globose, prominent, marginal ; thorax flat, short, transverse, unequal, black, with margins somewhat projecting, elytra rigid, fornicate, sulcate, ridges black, with raised punctures scabrous, length- wise of abdomen; legs short, compressed, adapted to running, black; tarsi 4-jointed, reddish."
Specimens examined from " Middle States," '" Gulf States," " Cen- tral Valley States," III, Mo., Md., and Mass. Occurs also in S. C, Va., Tenn. (Leng.) Varies from 7 mm. to 10.5 mm. in length.
Cupes lobiceps Lee. (10).
" Body elongate, slender, pale-gray, slightly mottled with darker ; antennae compressed serrate for the lower half, two thirds as long as the body ; head deeply channelled and transversely impressed, thus dividing into two large posterior tubercles or lobes, and two smaller frontal ones ; there is also a lateral lobe behind the eye, separated by a deep groove ; eyes large ; prothorax
Sept.-Dec, i9::o.] BaREER AND ElLIS : ThE FaMILY CuPEDID.E. 205
suddenly narrowed in front, with the sides strongly elongated and a large median elevation which has a deep rhomboidal excavation ; elytra with rows of moderate sized quadrate punctures, 3d interspace more convex, 5th, 6th and -th forming an obtuse costa, 2d and 4th flat. Length .45 inch or 11 mm.
■' San Diego, Cal. A specimen kindly given to me by Mr. Ulke. This species resembles the figure of C. latrcillei Solier (Lacordaire, Gen. Col. Atlas, pi. 47, fig. 2) in the form of the antennae. It differs conspicuously from our other species by the large posterior lobes of the head and the different sculpture of the prothora.x."
Specimens seen from So. California. Occurs also in Ariz. (Leng.) Length from 8 mm. to 9.4 mm.
Cupes concolor Westwood.
Westwood (3) ; Blatchley (24) ; Snyder (^27).
cinera Say.
Say (4) ; Cast. (5).
trilineata Melsh.
Melsh. (6).
" Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Pale brownish or ash gray, densely covered with small scales; elytra with darker oblong dashes or blotches, which form three indistinct undulated bands. Antennae nearly as long as the body. Head with four feebly separated tubercles, with a narrow impressed line be- tween them. Thorax wider than long, about half the width of elytra ; disk with a median longitudinal carina and a deep impression each side; side mar- gins abbreviated near the front and hind angles. Elytra with rows of large quadrate punctures ; intervals convex, the alternate ones higher. Length 7-1 1 mm."
Specimens e.xamined from " Middle States," " Central Valley," Indiana, Mass.. and X. H. Occurs also in Ga., Fla., Md., Mich.. Pa., N. Y. (Leng.)
Cupes oculatus Casey.
Casey (13) Blatchley (24).
" Form nearly as in concolor but less elongate, pale, yellow-brown, with indefinite sublineate spots of dark brown on the elytra ; integuments throughout densely scaly. Head scarcely wider than the prothorax ; sides above near the eyes longitudinally tumid, the elevation divided transversely at the anterior limit of the very large convex eyes ; median line fine, coarse anteriorly ; tem- pera very short. Prothorax fully H wider than long, rectangular and nearly straight in basal H, becoming feebly convergent and arcuate towards base; disk elevated along the middle, with a fine median line, broadly rcflexed at the base, also deeply concave at each side of the middle. Scutellum well devcl-
201) Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,
oped, rounded. Elytra 2^4 to nearly 3 times as long as wide, parallel and straight at the sides, gradually narrowed at apex, distinctly wider than the head; ridges feeble, the second and third alone distinct. Under surface densely scaly. Length 8.5 to 9.7 mm. width 2.0 to 2.2 mm." Recorded from Indiana. Occurs also in Md., Kans., Fla., Texas, Mich., and N. Y. (Leng.)
The writers have been unable to see the type of oculatus, and it is doubtful if Blatchley (24) had seen a specimen when he considered it a variety. It seems to be quite distinct and as an amplification to the original description the following is quoted from a letter from Col. Casey and a sketch showing the difference in elytral sculpture is included with the figures.
'* In concolor the body is more elongate and slightly larger than in oculatus and the antennae are longer and more slender. In oculatus the head is transversely sulcate between the eyes, there being no vestige of the sulcus in concolor: the head and prothorax are very similar in habitus in the two but in concolor the sides of the latter are deplanate and not sharply reflexed as they are in oculatus and the median ridge of concolor is broader.
. " The most striking difference is, however, in the sculpture of the elytra. In concolor the punctures of the double series are coarser, more close set and quadrate, while in oculatus they are elongate, rela- tively narrower, more distinctly so than shown in the drawing sent herewith, and the series in concolor are very much more approximate than in oculatus.
" The coloration of the two is nearly alike, being pale ochreous- gray, feebly mottled with darker. In my opinion there is no possi- bility of these not being two distinct species in the material at hand, the only point being as to whether or not Westwood's species is cor- rectly identified. As my identification coincides completely with that of LeConte, I, however, have no doubt on this score."
Following his description of Cupes serrata LeConte (8) added a consideration of the species known at that time, all confined to the genus Cupes, in which he pointed out the most important characteral differences of the species. He said, " It will probably be found on dissection that the characters separating our three species of Cupes will warrant them in being considered as belonging to distinct gen- era." Some time later LeConte (10) did separate the most widely differing species, serrata, erecting the genus Priacma for its reception.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] Barber AND Ellis: The Family CuPEDID/E. 207
Four species must still be retained in Cupes although certain characters, most noticeably the antennae, eyes, and tuberculate head, are widely different, but until one finds fresh preserved material for exhaustive study LeConte's conception of the family as indicated heretofore must stand.
The writers wish at this time to thank Mr. Nathan Banks for his kindness in allowing examination and study of the material in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, especially the LeConte collection, which is particularly rich in the Cupedidse. They desire also to thank Mr. C. W. Johnson for permission to examine the specimens in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. To Mr. C. W. Leng and to Col. Casey thanks are also due for notes and sug- gestions.
Drawings from Priacma serrafa and C^^pes lobiceps are from type ; Cupcs capifatus and Cupes concolor from typical specimens.
Bibliography.
1. iSoi— Fabr.. Syst. Elcuth.. II. p. 66.
2. 1S04 — Coqueb.. Illust. Ins., Ill, T. 30, f. i.
3. 1830 — Westw., Zool. Jour., V, p. 440.
4. 1S35 — Say, Bost. Jour., I, p. 167.
S- 1837 — Cast., Hist. Nat. Col., I, p. 292.
6. 1846— Melsh., Proc. Acad. Phil., II, p. 310.
7. 1857 — Lac, Gen. Col., IV, p. 505.
8. 1861 — LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., p. 351.
9. 1869— Gem. & Har., Cat. Col,, VI, p. 1761.
10. 1874 — LeConte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, V, p. 87.
11. 1881— Bayes & Reed, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 31.
12. 1883 — LeConte & Horn, Coleop. N. A., p. 229.
13- 1897 — Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, pp. 637-638.
14. 1900 — Lameere, An. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLIV, p. 355.
15. 1900 — AUuaud, Col. reg. Malgache, p. 155.
16. 1 90 1 — Kolbe, Archiv. fiir Naturg., p. 39.
17. 1902 — Peyerimhoflf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., pp. 206 and 330.
18. 1903 — Ganglbauer, Munch. Kol. zeit., I, p. 271.
19. 1903 — Lameere, An. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLVII, p. 155.
20. 1908 — Kolbe, Zeitschrift fiir wissensch Insectenbiol.
21. 1909 — Peyerimhoff, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 57.
22. 1909 — Sharp, Insects, Pt. II, p. 234, Camb. Nat. Hist.
23. 1 010— Junk, Cat. Col., Pt. V.
24. 1910 — Blatchley, Col. Ind., p. 892.
25. 1910 — Gahan, Ann. Mag. N. H. (8), V, p. 57.
208 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,
26. 191 1 — Gahan, The Entom.
27. 1913 — Snyder, Ent. Soc. Wash., XV, pp. 30—31.
28. 1915 — Brues & Melander, Key to the Families of Ins., p. 30.
EXPLAN.ATION OF Pl.\TE X.
Fig. I. — Cupes lobiceps Lee, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2. — Cupes concolor Westw., dorsal aspect. Fig. 3. — Priacma serrata Lee, dorsal aspect. Fig 4. — Cupes capitatiis Fabr., dorsal aspect. Fig. 5.- — Cupes capitatus Fabr., lateral view of head. Fig. 6. — Cupes capitatiis Fabr., ventral aspect.
Fig. 7. — (A) Cupes concolorWestw. — Detail of elytral sculpture. (B) Cupes ocnlatus Casey — Detail of elytral sculpture (after sketch by Casey).
NEW SPECIES OF SERICA (SCARAB^ID^). III.
By R. W. Dawson,
Lincoln, Nkbraska. Serica loxia new species.
(^. Length 7 mm. Color auburn, surface bare, polished and shining.
Clypeus nearly level with the front, feebly impressed below the suture and before the reflexed margins, broadly and feebly tumid just below the middle ; anterior margin abruptly, moderately elevated, nearly straight viewed vertically, lateral margins distinctly reflexed, separated from the anterior margin by a sharp, rather deep incisure ; punctures moderately strong and closely placed, separated by about half their own diameters ; clypeal suture distinct, very obtusely angled at the middle. Front less closely and regularly punctured, the punctures nearly or quite wanting on the occipital area, separated by one half to two times their own diameters on the lower portion of the sclerite. Eyes and antennal club of moderate size. Measurements of head (in tenths of a millimeter) as follows : Diameter of head through eyes, 20 ; distance between the inner eye margins, 12; length of head on median line, 16; extreme width of clypeus in front of incisure, 9 ; antennal club, 8 ; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 5.
Pronotum relatively broad, short, and flat, the sides nearly straight, and only moderately convergent to the anterior angles ; surface rather strongly, closely and evenly punctured, the punctures separated by one to two times their own diameters. Measurements of pronotum as follows : Width through posterior angles, 31 ; width through anterior angles, 21 ; length of median line, 17. Scutellum with a few strong punctures, closer toward the sides; length, 6.5 ; width, 6.5.
Elytra with the usual, moderately well developed striae, each stria with three confused rows of closely placed punctures. Length of elytra, 54 ; greatest width, 40.
JouRN. X. V. F;nt. Soc.)
Vol. X.WIII,
(Plate X.)
(CriM.DID/E.)
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] Dawson : New Species of Serica. 209
Elytra with the usual, moderately well developed striae, each stria with three confused rows of closely placed punctures. Length of elytra, 54 ; greatest width, 40.
Posterior coxal plates shining, coarsely and closely punctured, the punc- tures separated by about their own diameters. Metasternum nearly as strongly and closely punctured as the coxal plates. Hind femora with a number of scattered, coarse punctures, tending to condense into a line about two fifths of the way from the posterior edge. Abdominal sternites less shining, with the punctures about half to two thirds the size of those on the coxal plates, and separated by about twice their own diameter. The usual single rows of setigerous punctures present, but not conspicuous.
Length of genital armature of male, 2.4 mm.; its most striking character the sudden flexure of the tip of the left clasper across the right clasper. (Plate XL)
$. Differs from the male by the usual secondary sexual characters ; smaller eyes, smaller antennae (club 5.6 instead of 8), less strongly notched clypeus, less emarginate last ventral sclerite, and more convex under-line of abdomen.
Type: (^. Millers, Indiana, July 19. 1916.
Allotype: $. Millers, Indiana, July 19, 1916.
Paratypes : 6 ,^.
Indiana: Lawrence County, i (^ ; Lake County, 2 (^. Wisconsin : Bayfield, i (^.
North Carolina: Highlands, i (^. Georgia: Clayton, i (^.
The scarcity of specimens of loxia in collections, and the wide dis- tribution shown by the few at hand would seem to indicate that it is one of the less common species.
Serica Carolina new species.
Serica Carolina Blanchard, M. S.
(j*. Length 7.5-8 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. Color varying from Sanford's brown to chestnut ; surface bare, polished and shining.
Clypeus continuous with the even convexity of the front ; anterior margin moderately reflexed, nearly straight, lateral margins a little less prominent than the anterior margin and almost continuous with it ; clypeal notch almost obsolete, being reduced to a mere angulation at the juncture of the lateral and anterior margins ; punctures rather coarse and evenly placed, separated by about their own diameters; clypeal suture fine, but distinct. Front less closely and regularly punctured than the clypeus, punctures separated by one to three times their own diameters. Antennal club well developed, and eyes rather large. Measurements of the head as follows : Diameter of head through eyes, 2^ ; distance between inner eye margins, 13 ; length of head on median line, 15 ; extreme width of clypeus in front of incisure, 10.6; antennal club, 8; dorso- ventral diameter of eye, 9.
210 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^^'o'- xxviii,
Pronotum nearly one and two thirds times as wide as long, not very con- vex, sides nearly straight and but little convergent anteriorly, except just before the rather obtuse anterior angles where they are broadly rounded in- wardly ; punctures a little smaller than those of the clypeus, rather evenly and closely placed, being separated by one to two times their own diameters. Measurements of pronotum as following: Width through posterior angles, 35; width through anterior angles, 23 ; length on median line, 22. Scutellum me- dially with punctures separated by two to three diameters, but laterally by only half a diameter; length. 7.5: width, 7.5.
Elytra moderately striated, the strioe not sharply limited and with three somewhat confused rows of moderate-sized punctures, which though closely placed show very little tendency to coalesce laterally. Length of elytra, 55 : greatest width, 45.
Posterior coxal plates shining, coarsely and closely punctured, the princ- tures separated by about their own diameters. Elsewhere beneath, surface less shining and puncturation finer. Abdominal sternites with the usual single, transverse rows of setigerous punctures ; setze, however, not conspicuous and tending to become obsolete medially.
Length of genital armature of male 2 mm. ; recognizable at a glance from the armatures of all the other vespertina like Sericas known to the writer by the attenuated form of the stalk and claspers (Plate XII).
5. — Differs from male, by having the clypeal notch nearly or quite oblit- erated, the anterior and lateral reflexed margins of the clypeus being con- tinuous; by having smaller eyes (dorso-ventral diameter of 8 instead of 10) and a shorter antennal club (6.3 instead of 8) ; also by the more convex under- line of the abdomen and less emarginate terminal sternite.
Type: ^, Southern Pines, North Carolina, December 31, 19 15 (A. H. Manee).
Allotype: J. Southern Pines, North Carolina (A. H. Manee).
Paratypes : 14 c^, 11 $.
North Carolina: Southern Pines. 13 ^, 10 5; Chapel Hill, 2 ^.
In deference to the memory of the late Frederick Blanchard I have employed the name which he intended to use for this species. The specimens in Mr. Blanchard's collection as well as most of those in other collections were taken hy Mr. A. H. Manee of Southern Pines, North Carolina, who has also used the manuscript name Caro- lina in sending out his specimens.
Serica perigonia new species.
S- — Length, 8 mm. ; width, 4.5 mm. Color auburn, surface opaque, lightly covered with a grayish bloom or pollen, and showing traces of a brilliant iridescence when viewed in shifting light with a lens.
Clypeus with discal area rather densely covered with medium-sized punc-
(JouRX. X. V. Ext. Soc.) Vol. XX\Ilf. (Platk XI.)
^^
(si:ric \ I oxiA.)
(JouRX. N. ^'. Km. S()c\
\(.i,. X.W
Plaii-: XI 1
r
(SERKA CAROLINA.)
>
N
(Sl-:klC.\ i'l-.RK .oMA.
Sept.-Dec, I920.] Dawson : New Species OF Serica. 211
tures, coalcsccnt to separated by two thirds of their own diameters ; a few coarser punctures anteriorly, at the edge of the less strongly and densely punc- tate submarginal impression. Clypeal margin moderately and rather suddenly reflexed, somewhat emphasized by the submarginal impression. Reflexcd margin broadly and distinctly sinuate anteriorly ; the usual lateral incisures entirely wanting. Front finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, becoming impunctate toward the occiput ; separated from the clypeus by a fine, almost evenly arcuate suture. Planes of front and clypeus more or less deflected to the suture, thus forming a diffused, transverse facial depression, usually less distinct medially but always clearly marked at the sides in front of the eyes. Antennal club small and short, about equalling the length of joints 2 to 6 inclusive. Eyes small. Measurements of head as follows: Diameter of head through eyes, 22; distance between inner eye margins, 16; length of head on median line, 20 ; extreme width of clypeus in front of the position where the incisure occurs in many species, 13; antennal club, 6; dorso-vcntral diameter of eye, 7.
Pronotum rather strongly convex from side to side, the lateral margins evenly and distinctly arcuate, and the hind angles very obtusely and evenly rounded. Puncturation inconspicuous, rather fine and shallow, but closely and evenly distributed, the punctures separated on the average by about twice their own diameters. Sides of pronotum with a small, inconspicuous, though distinct, piceous spot at the middle near the margin. Measurements of pro- notum as follows : Greatest width, a little in front of the very round posterior angles, 35 ; width through the anterior angles, 22 : length on the median line, 19. Scutellum rather densely, but very finely and inconspicuously punctate; length, 9 ; width, 9.
Elytra feebly striate, the striie line-like, each bearing a single, somewhat irregular row of fine punctures. Intervals with a few small, scattered punc- tures, feebly convex, the second, fourth and sixth slightly wider than the others. Elytral punctures bearing inconspicuous, short, erect, yellow hairs. Length of elytra, 60 ; width, 45.
Metasternum and posterior coxal plates more strongly punctured than the upper surface, but punctures still relatively small, separated by one to three times their own diameters. Abdominal sternites with the usual, single, irreg- ular rows of rather conspicuous, setigerous punctures, and at the sides with a few small hair-bearing punctures. Coxae and femora of front and middle legs, and nieso- and meta-sternum moderately clothed with erect, yellow hairs.
Length of genital armature of male (Plate XIII), 2.6 mm. $. — DitTers from the male only in the slightly smaller antennae (club 5 instead of 6 as in the male) and broader and less eniarginate last abdominal sternite.
Type: cJ". Bellcvue, Utah, 3,400 ft., June 21-23, 1919 (^V. Knaus).
Allotype: $. Bellevue, Utah. 3,400 ft., June 21-23, 1919 ( \V. Knaus).
Paratypes: 15 d*. 7 ?•
212 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,
Utah: Bellevue, 9 c?, 4 5 ; Eureka, i (^ ; Vineyard, i c?> ^ ? ! Cedar City,
Coal Creek Canyon, 6,250 ft., 1^,1'^; Stockton, ij. California : La Crescenta, Los Angeles Co., 4c?.
FURTHER NOTES ON THE MEMBRACID GENUS OPHIDERMA FAIRM. (HEMIP.-HOMOP.).
By Lewis B. Woodruff, New York, N. Y.
Ill the December, 1919, number of this Journal the writer set forth the results of his study of the Membracid genus Ophidcrma, but certain of his conclusions were perforce stated tentatively, owing to lack of positive evidence to substantiate them. That lack in some important instances has been supplied during the past season's col- lecting, and by the proof thus furnished it is found that the deduc- tions therein arrived at chiefly by logical processes are correct.
One of them had to do with Gibson and Wells' O. fraterna and its probable status as the male of Coding's O. flava. That supposition is now established as a fact. During the month of June, at Litch- field, Conn., males of fraterna were frequently taken in association with females of flava, and in at least three instances they were taken in copulation; thus removing any possible doubt as to the identity of the former species. As suggested in the paper above referred to, the specific name fraterna Cib. & Wells must sink as a synonym of flava Codg., and these two very differently colored insects be brought together in our cabinets as the two sexes of the latter species.
My series of males of flava taken this past summer consists of fifteen specimens, ranging in date from June 22 to July i, to wit: the three paired and in copula take on Quercus rubra (June 29 and 30), three others also on Q. rubra, seven on Q. coccinea and two on Q. alba. The females of this species taken this season were found on the three foregoing 'species of oak in about the same proportions respectively, but specimens of this sex continued to be taken for more than a month after the males had disappeared, a phenomenon which seems to be usual in the fainily. In this connection it is significant that the last male taken, on July i, was dead when beaten from the tree.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WoODRUFF : FURTHER NoTES. 213
In the paper cited a new species, O. grisca, was described, based upon a considerable series of females only. The absence of males was there commented on, and the hypothesis suggested that the males might occur early in the season and die soon after mating, the females persisting much later. Such proves to be the case. The past season's collecting in the type locality was begun much earlier than usual, and not only were many additional females of this new species taken, but the male was also found in considerable numbers, sixteen specimens having been secured in association with the opposite sex, three of them paired and in copulation. The dates of capture of the males ranged from June 22 to July 8, the latter date being the date of cap- ture of the first female the season previous; and the host plant was usually Oucrcus coccinca as it had proved to be in the case of the female specimens taken the year before. The description of the male is therefore now available and is here presented:
Ophiderma grisea Woodr.
Male. — Allotype: Slender; hairy pubescent on face and pronotum, a little more sparsely posteriorly. Rather coarsely punctate, more or less glabrous. Pronotum in form as in female, though proportionally somewhat shorter. Color brown to black, vittoe creamy to white. Face and clypeus creamy to white, sutures and callosities black. Pattern as in male of O. pubesccns, which it resembles, though much smaller, very much more slender, and gener- ally darker. Elytra as in female, but black band crossing mid-elytra, so con- spicuous in that sex, obsolescent, commonly not reaching margin. Body be- neath black, abdominal segments edged posteriorly with pale. Legs pale, fe- mora above and tibiae anteriorly black. Length 5-5 H mm.
Allotype in my collection. Taken by me at Litchfield, Conn., June 29, 1920, on Qucrcus coccinca. Paratypes will be placed in the Na- tional Museum at Washington and in the American Museum of Natural History at New York.
In the key to the species of the genus, presented with the paper above referred to, this male should perhaps best be placed in the group without dark mid-elytral band, as that character in this sex seems to be subject to a tendency to disappear, and so might find its place under G. (page 260) after J* pubesccns Emmons (the length of which should read 5V2-6 mm.), with indicia as follows:
Dark brown to black; slender, 5-5^ mm. in length; strongly arcuate humoral and transverse apical vitt.x creamy to white ; mid-elytral band indicated.
(^ grisea Woodr.
214 JOURNAL New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,
A careful examination of the material in the American Museum of Natural History has brought to light another female specimen which would seem to agree very closely with Coding's O. flaviguttula, and I have no hesitation in so assigning it. This example bears a label showing it to have been taken at Newark, New Jersey, May 29, 1910. Several males and females of the author's dcfiiiita are also in- cluded in that material, and seventeen more well marked examples, eleven females and six males, have been taken this past season at Litchfield, Conn. The length of this form as given in the key is ex- cessive, and should read J* 4^.^-5 mm., 5 5-5/^ rnm.
NOTES ON THE CRAMBIN^ (LEPIDOPTERA).
By W. T. M. Forbes, Ithaca, N. Y.
A large part of the following memoranda are based on material collected in various parts of the southern states by the Cornell Bio- logical Expedition in the summer of 1917, and by Prof. J. C. Bradley in his return trip through the same general region in the summer of 1918. The material has not quite all been mounted, but as it is a serious question when the mounting will be finished under present conditions, it has seemed best not to delay this paper further.
The discovery of various genera in which vein R^ (vein 9) has disappeared, forces us to an extension of Hampson's definition of the subfamily (Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1895, 921), but emphasizes the relative value of the characters of the female frenulum and con- dition of the cell of the hind wing, used by Ragonot in defining his two subfamilies Crambinse and Ancylolomin^e (Ann. Ent. Soc. France (6), 10, 445-447, 1890). The subfamily may be defined as follows:
Pyralids with antenna; simple, laminate, or pectinate, without any special modifications; ocelli most often present; tongue rarely strong, sometmies absent; palpi porrect, beaklike, and sometimes very long; maxillary palpi large, and triangularly scaled ; tibise with normal spurs. Fore wings with first A (ic) completely absent; usually with all veins from cell preserved, R. or M., sometimes lost, and R_^ also
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORBES : NoTES ON THE CrAMBIX.E. 215
fused witli R. in Raphiptcra and the new j^cnus Loxocramhus; third A rudimentary as a rule, free. Hind wing with Sc and R anastomo- sing, with a strong fringe on base of Cu and three developed anals, in other characters of two principal types: (i) (Crambini) with frenulum multii)le in female, cell widely open, the discocellular being reduced to a short spur attached to Cu stem, and M, approximate or stalked with Rji ; (2) (Ancylolomiini ) with frenulum simple in female, cell closed by a distinct though somewhat weak vein, and M, widely separated from distal part of R^ at its origin from cell, and often somewhat weak. The tip of Sc is lost in the Crambine genus Raphiptcra.
I should reject the two genera Chalco'cla and Dicymolomia from this group ; their affinities are wholly with the genus Glapliyria and its kin, usually considered PyraustinJE, but possibly worthy of a separate subfamily, based mainly on the character of the fringe on the base of Cu, which runs out diffusely into the outer part of the wing, diverging from Cu, and ends in a more or less striking tuft of spatulate scales. This group would be the Homophysida^ of Guenee. etc. The Schoenobiin?e I should separate primarily on the preservation of first A toward the margin of the fore wing, as this is a significant primitive character occurring in no other group of Pyralids known to me, and present in all Schoenobiinse examined, even the strongly aberrant genus Accntropus. The fringe of hair on cubitus is in its weakest expression in the Crambinre about like its fullest development in the Schoenobiinae. I believe that Loxostc- gopsis^ which lacks first A is not a Schoenobiid, but an aberrant Pyraustid. The Phycitinse and Anerastiinse. aside from their con- sistent loss of a radial, combine characters of the two tribes of Cram- binae. From the Ancylolomiini they differ in having R and Mj of the hind wing approximate, from the Crambini in the more distinctly closed cell, and simple female frenulum. Very few have the large triangular maxillary palpi common to both groups of Crambina'. I have omitted Uscodys from the following key, as probably Schoeno- l>iid, since first A is preserved. Sc and R are separate in the hind wing, a very rare character in either grouj). 1 have noted from the type of Uinta orcadclhi Hulst, that R of the hind wing is from the
1 I consider " Loxotcgopsis " an obvious misprint.
216 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,
upper angle of the cell, which is closed; as one radial is lost and the habitus phycid there remains nothing to associate the genus with the Crambinse, and it will go to the Anerastiinse.
Ml (6) hind wing widely separated from Sc (8) at the level of the end of the cell, cell closed, female frenulum simple (Ancylolomiini), Fore wing without any indication of notch at middle of outer margin ; R well separated from Sc toward base in hind wing, Ri free in fore wing ;
M3 lost Euf emaldia.
Fore wing (in our species) with a more or less distinct notch at middle of outer margin (very weak in Surattha, which has M, present). Base of R widely separated from Sc. terminating practically opposite M,.
Mesolia. Base of R terminating well above origin of Mi, usually closely approxi- mated to Sc.
Rj free, notch slight Surattha.
Rj normally anastomosing with Sc, notch stronger.
Fore wing five times as long as broad, outer margin strongly
oblique Pseudoschoenobius.
Fore wing about three times as long as broad, each half of outer margin of fore wing nearly vertical.
Upper discocellular long Prionapteryx.
Upper discocellular very short or absent, Mi normally ap- parently continuous with base of R Mesolia.
Ml approximate to Sc + R at end of cell or stalked (Crambini).
A secondary apex developed at M^. the true apex truncate, obscure.
Loxocrambus. Apex normal, at R3 or R4. Rb stalked.
Two radials and a medial of fore wing and Sc and a medial of hind
wing lost Raphiptera.
Venation complete or practically so.
Antennae uni-, or bipectinate in male Thaumatopsis.
Antennas laminate or simple Crambus.
R5 from cell.
Ri anastomosing or connected with Sc.
R2 stalked with R3_5 ; ocelli lost lesta.
Ra from cell, sometimes imperfectly fused with stems of Ra-j but separate at origin. Ocelli absent ; tongue obsolete, palpi three times as long as
head Diatraea.
Ocelli present.
Tongue present, though weak ; palpi three times as long as head ; Sc of hind wing typically with free part very short Haimbachia.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORBES : NOTES ON THE CRAMBINiE. 217
Tongue present, though weak ; palpi twice as long as head and more triangular; Sc of hind wing with free part
long Argyria, part,
R, free.
R, stalked, ocelli present Eoreuma.
Rj free at origin.
Front rounded, tongue distinct.
Palpi projecting about length of head Argyria.
Palpi projecting about twice length of head . . . .Platytes. Front conical, or with a central cone.
Tongue well developed, Rj arising from cell well before
Cuj, ocelli present Ommatopteryx.
Tongue rudimentary, R, arising opposite or beyond Cu; ocelli often absent Chilo.
Genus Surattha Moore. S. santella Kearfott. Tucson. Ariz., July 22, 1917.
Genus Prionapteiyx Stephens.
Dr. McDunnoi:gh calls my attention to the fact that the types of Mesolia and Eugrotca are congeneric, in fact closely related, so that the name Eugrotea is unavailable as used by Kearfott. The best way out would seem to be to divide the series considered Eugrotcas by Kearfott according to the condition of M^ of the hind wing, and put those with M^ from the anterior angle of the cell, at nearly the same point as R, in Mesolia, and the rest in Prionapteryx. The first group also agrees with Mesolia in having a dentate t. p. line and include olivella and hiiachucella as well as dcntdla. Of the latter I have only seen yavapai, which has an even t. p. line like Prionapteryx.
P. nebulifera Stcph. Brown's Mills, N. J., July 6, 1919 (F. H. Benjamin). P. yavapai Kearf. Wellton. Yuma Co., Ariz., Aug. 6, 1917.
This series shows an extraordinary amount of variation in vena- tion. Not one specimen matches Kearfott's figure. In one case R5 and M^ are stalked half way to the outer margin, and in another they are barely stalked, but generally they are free. M^ and M3 are stalked in six specimens, one of which shows only a rudiment of M3 on one side ; they are united in seven. In the hind wing they are consistently united. Sc and R of the fore wing are normally con- nected by a very short cross-vein, but they often anastomose at a
218 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°i- xxviii,
point, and on one side of one specimen appear to become coincident, as in Kearfott's figure.
Genus Mesolia Ragonot.
M. olivella Grote. Camden, Ark., June 2, 191 8.
This is the species which generally passes for dcntclla. The latter is considered by Barnes and McDunnough the same as inccriclla.
M. huachucella Kearfott. Mesquite near Mesilla Park, N. M., July 12, 1917; Lordsburg, July 13, 1917; Tucson, Ariz., July 22, 1917.
This species is very close to the type of the genus, and has R^ free.
Genus Pseudoschoenobius Fernald. P. opalescalis Hulst. Deming, N. M., July 12, 19 17.
Genus Eufernaldia Hulst.
This genus is quite a typical Ancylolomid, though it has always been placed with the Crambid genera. It was taken at Marfa, Tex., May 15, 1918, and at Limpia Canon in the Davis Mts., Tex., on July 7, 1917, at over 5000 feet elevation; both times at light in grass-land.
Genus Raphiptera Hampson.
I should interpret this genus as Crambid in the restricted sense, rather than Ancylolomid. The cell is widely open and there is no trace of a vein from its end, so that it seems most probable that Sc has been lost, rather than M^ as Hampson indicates. The pattern is also Crambid. I have typical minimcUa from Anderson, S. C. June 5, 1917, and Leroy, Ala., June 11, 1917. Specimens from the vicinity of Ithaca (McLean Bogs, Tompkins Co., N. Y.) appear to be argil- laccella rather than minimcUa, but I am not at all sure the forms are distinct species. Fernald reports minimella from New York, but it may be from the austral part of the state. The minimella from An- derson were taken at a trap lantern in oak woods, and the one from Leroy in the same way on the bank of a creek in pine and oak woods. The argillaceclla from McLean on the other hand are confined to the heath-cover of a couple of peat-bogs, as is the species at Mer Bleue, Ontario.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORHE.S : XOTES ON THE CrAMBIX-E. 219
Ginus Crambus Fabricius.
In this genus the group with Sc anastomosing with R^ in the fore wing is larger than would be expected from Hampson's grouping. The eastern species with anastomosis include C. alhclliis, hortucUus, triscctns, caligiiwscUits. zcclhis and lutcolcllus as well as doubtless lacinicllus. A number of western species also show the character.
C. quinquareatus Zcll. Biloxi, Miss., Tunc 13, 1917; Needles, Cal., April, 1918. It is obvious from Walker's description and type locality, that Walker's species hastiferellus is not this. I believe kastiferclltts is a synonym of Icachclhis, with which its description agrees more closely.
C. leachellus Zinck.
Specimens from ^lesquite, near ]\Iesilla Park, and Deming, X. M., July 12, 1917, and Lampia Canyon, Davis Mts., Tex., July 7, appear to be a very pale race of this species. The fore wing is shaded with yellow and light brown, almost like C. alhoclavellus, but the markings are about as in leachellus and carpenterelliis. Unlike leachellus there is a distinct white marginal patch, over veins 3-5, contrasting with yellow areas above and below. I have also seen the form in the Barnes collection.
Crambus biguttellus new species.
General structure and habits of C. albellus Clem. Fore wing with R, fret from Sc, Rr, stalked more than half way to apex (a third way in C. albellus). .'\pex blunt, not at all produced, outer margin distinctly excavate at middle, the bottom of the indentation at M3.
Head and thorax white above, collar with a broad diti'use pale gray-brown band on each lobe. • Abdomen dirty white. Antennae light fuscous. Sides of palpi white above, fuscous below ; maxillary palpi white, with a narrow black ring. Fore legs fuscous, distally gradually shading into white on coxa; ; mid- dle and hind legs white, with dirty white tarsi.
Fore wing silver white; base of costa pale yellowish brown ; extreme costal edge blackish toward base ; no other basal markings. Post-medial line yellow- ish, oblique outward from middle of costa to end of cell, where it bends an acute angle and runs into a rounded black spot on lower edge of cell at middle of wing. Thence it continues obliquely inward to a similar spot on middle of inner margin, but is very faint and broken. The upper spot is lightly edged with ochrcous, the lower with hardly a trace of ochre edging. Subterminal line light yellow, running across apex, then sharply curving at Mj (vein 5) and
220 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^oi. xxviii,
running closely parallel to outer margin, to anal angle. Two parallel lines trisect the space between the subterminal line and the apex, but fade out below, leaving a narrow continuous white margin. Terminal line fine, black at costa only, faintly continued to the notch. A yellow marginal shade below the notch, containing three black dots, in cells M3, Cuj, Cuo, the middle spot notably weaker than the other two. Fringe white above notch, with a faint yellow tint, lead-gray below, but shading into white again at anal angle. Hind wing yellowish white, with pure white fringe. Under side of fore wing dirty yellowish white with the three black marginal dots larger but less intense ; hind wing white. 11 mm. Two males, Schriever, La., June 17, 1917, taken at light at edge of woods. Cornell U. type and paratype number 464.
In Fernald's key this species will run to C. pusionelhis, but it is much smaller, there is a distinct black spot on the middle of the wing, and the st. line is single except toward the costa, and much nearer the outer margin. From C. albellns it differs in wing-form, in having only three marginal dots above and below instead of five, in the two median black dots, and the white hind wings.
Crambus immunellus ZelL, new race minor.
Our specimens are evidently varietally distinct from Zeller's South Amer- ican C. immunellus (Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1872, PI. 2, {. 6; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., 13, 47, 1877), but seem more closely related to it than to the northern C. elegans. This form is smaller than elegans or immunellus, the ground largely whitish with a rather distinct blackish shade along the costa, which is cut by the strong oblique white median and subterminal bars, but extends well beyond the latter. The blackish marking on the inner margin is smaller than in elegans and tends to be divided on A, but is black rather than brownish. The submarginal line is suffused except at the costa, with only traces of a pale center-line, and tends to be a little dentate, especially on its inner border. It turns sharply away from the outer margin toward the costa and meets the costa barely four fifths way out. The terminal dots are much heavier than in C. elegans, the first two being elongate and almost running together. The hind wing and under side appear paler than in elegans, and the labial palpi are white with heavy blackish bars covering half the surface of the second and third joints, instead of the solidly darker outer face of elegans. From typical immunellus the form may be distinguished by the suffused, mostly dark submarginal line, the smaller size, and probably more intensely black dorsal crescent; from C. polingi by the small size and separate terminal dots. 10 to 12 mm. Two males, both at light. Type Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917; paratype Schriever, La., June 17, 191 7, Cornell U. number 465.
C. teterrellus Zell.
The dominant species in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. C. coloradellus Fern. Mesquite, near Mesilla Park, N. M., July 12, 1917.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.I FORBES : NoTES OX THE CrAMBIN.E. 221
C. intermedius Kcarfott. Gillett (Karnes Co.), Tex.. June 25, 1917; Rich- mond, Tex., June 22, 1917; Columbus, Tex., May 21, 1918.
C. nevadellus Kearf. Victorville, Cal., May 30, 1918.
C. dimidiatellus Grt. Mesquitc, near Mesilla Park, X. M.. July 12, 1917; Phoenix, Ariz., May 7-8, 1918.
Genus Haimbachia Dyar.
The condition of the tongue seems unstable in closely related species of the Crambince, and the presence of the ocelli would seem a better character to separate this genus from Diatrcva. Sc of the hind wing also appears a little shorter. I believe the genus should be ex- tended to include damon, squamidclla, prosenes and parallela. H. damon has reduced ocelli distant from the eye, and will form a tran- sition to Di-atrcra, but I cannot see the connection with Plafytes. Squamidella, prosenes and parallela do not seem to differ in any sig- nificant way from placidella, in fact squamidella is very close. The latter is generally confused with a related species which has a well- marked conical front, but if I am right in my determination the front is smooth in the true squamidella. Parallela is different in appear- ance, but the rest immediately suggest placidella in the course of the t. p. line close to the margin. Venosalis Dyar should be compared with Diatrcra. (Ins. Ins. Men., 5, 87.)
Genus Thaumatopsis Morrison.
T. pectinifer Zell. Victoria, Tex., June 24, 1917, at light. T. edonis Grt. Brown's Mills, N. J., Sept. i, 1919.
Genus Ommatopteryx Kirby.
0. texana Rob. New Braunfcls, Tex., June 26, 1917; Texas Pass, Ariz., July 19, 1917, Xeedles, Cal., Apr. 1-6, 1918; Indio, Cal., May i, 1918.
Examination of the genitalia shows that our species is structurally distinct from the old-world O. ocellea. The principal difference is in /^^^ the row of spines on the sedeagus, which consists of 13 or 14 rather short and similarly formed spines in our species, but in ocellea has two types of spines, the twelve or fourteen proximal much like these of ours, but followed by a more distal series of nearly as many more slender closely crowded spines.
222 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
Genus Argyria Hiibner.
Our species of this genus form two clean-cut groups. The typical section has palpi projecting about as far as the length of the head, rounded and not prominent front, and Sc free and nearly straight, as usually described. It includes A. nivalis, rileyella, argentana, lac- teella and the majority of the tropical species. The other group, with A. oiiratella (including its southern form piilcJiella) , A. critica, described below, and doubtless Dyar's A. joncsclla from the neotrop- ical region, has much longer palpi, as long as the thorax, more or less conical front and Sc anastomosing with R. The tongue is also weaker and the species approach Diafrcca, differing mainly in the rather shorter, stouter palpi, presence of ocelli, and silvery coloring.
A. rileyella Dyar.
There is a specimen in our collection, taken by Dr. J. C. Bradley at Spring Creek (Decatur Co.) Ga., May 18-21, 1916; which defi- nitely fixes this species as North American. Dr. Barnes has also a series from Southern Pines, N. C. It was described without local- ity, and does not appear in our lists.
A. argentana Martyn. Richmond, Tex., June 22, and Wharton, Tex., June 24,
1917- A. lacteella F. .Ma., La. and Miss., June, 1917. A. auratella pulchella Walk.
This name may be applied to the small southern form of A. aura- tella j which does not appear to differ in markings. Devers. Tex., June 21, 1917.
Argyria critica, new species.
This form is very close to auratella and may not be distinct, but as it differs visibly in frontal structure, and will run differently in Dyar's key (Ins. Ins. Men., i, iii), it may receive a name.
Front rounded out, about a quarter as far as width of eye, and much less prominent than in A. auratella. Male antennae not quite so broad as in male auratella. Sc and R of fore wing anastomosing. Silver white, marked with golden yellow. Head yellow, face white with yellow borders ; vertex broadly white. Palpi yellow, white on upper side and at tips. Collar yellow with a white middorsal band. Thorax white with a triangular golden yellow patch on each side of disc, partly covered by the white tegulae. Under side white, front of fore coxa, remainder of fore legs and outer face of middle legs yellow. Abdomen white.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FoRBES : NOTES ON THE CrAMBIN.12. 223
Fore wing white, costal edge finely edged with yellow, hardly showing above. A broad, somewhat irregular oblique median fascia from costa at three fifths, to inner margin at two fifths, extending somewhat outward along costa and inward along inner margin, but not out along inner margin. It is partly edged with brown and black scales. There is no trace of yellow on distal half of inner margin. Terminal line umber brown, fringe yellow, shin- ing, rather deeper at base. Hind wing wliitr. Under side of fore wing with a slight yellow tint, deepening on the fringe. 15 mm. Gibsonville, N. C, June 3, 1917. Type and paratype males in Cornell U. collection, type number 466. Trenton, Ont., July 6, 191 1; Caldwell, X. J., July 30, 1904; Mt. Airy, Pa. (P. Laurent); Xew Brighton, Pa., July 5— Aug. 9; Everglade. Fla., Apr. 8-15: Hastings, Fla.. Apr.; paratypis in Barnes collection. Utica. X. Y., July 14, 1918 (C. R. Crosby).
Our species of Argyria may be separated as follows :
Fore wing with transverse golden fascia, palpi long, R, joining Sc.
Outer half of inner margin yellow auratella.
Larger, 16 mm race auratella.
Smaller, i o mm race pulchella.
Outer half of inner margin white critica.
Fore wing with faint transverse line or none, palpi short. R, free. Head white, palpi largely white.
Vertex all yellow, fore wing with a black subapical bar. 10 mm.
lacteella.
^'ertex white in center, no subapical bar. iS mm nivalis.
Head and palpi deep yellow.
A golden streak along inner margin, no transverse markings, .argentana.
Inner margin wholly white ; a faint excurved transverse line and apical
streak rileyella.
Genus Platytes Guenee,
P. multilineatella llulst. Theodore, Ala., June 12, 1917; Biloxi, Miss., Tune
13. 19' ;• P. panalope Dyar. Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917.
Genus Eoreuma Ely.
E. densellus Zell. Sabine River Ferry. La., opposite Orange. Tex., June 20, 1917 ; Dcvers, Tex.. June 21.
The specimens show definitely the characters of Eoreuma. with Rj free and R., stalked.
Genus Chile Zincken.
" Diatrcca'' allcni and diffcrciitiiilis, and "Cliilo" forbcscllus and comptulalis have R, free like Chilo. Init lack ocelli, like Diatrcva and
224 Journal New York Entomological Society, r^oi. xxviii,
lesta. They would seem to go together, and with our present tend- ency to emphasize ventational characters would naturally be placed in Chilo. The larva of the type of Cliilo differs from that of Diatrcca in having only two lengths of hooks on the prolegs, and having the circle open on the outer side, so that when the larvae of other species become known we are likely to have collateral evidence.
Genus lesta Dyar.
I. lisetta Dyar. Ft. Myers, Fla., May, 1916; J. C. Bradley; Leroy, Ala., June II, 1917.
Genus Diatraea Guild.
D. evanescens Dyar. Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917; Schriever, La., June 17;
Richmond, Tex., June 22. D. saccharalis F.
The early stages of this species show some unexpected characters, necessitating a widening of the definition of the subfamily. The larva shows the general characters of the family Pyralidae, with simple setae, bisetose prespiracular wart, iv and v of the abdomen on the same tubercle, and a complete circle of irregularly triordinal hooks on the prolegs. The other characters are as follows : Vertex closed, adf. ending abruptly about a third way up to vertex; front small and quite narrow. Prothorax with cervical shield normal ; beta higher than alpha, delta higher than gamma, and slightly behind beta, gamma, epsilon and rho forming nearly an equilateral triangle, closer together than the other setae. Prespiracular and subventral each with two setae, horizontally placed. Meso- and metathorax sim- ilar, with ia + b, iia + b; iv + v on a small plate, and iii on the pos- terior edge of a large one; vii of two setae (like the Galleriinae, Cramhus has a single seta), lateral minute primaries on a large plate; scutellum large, chitinized, without setae. Abdomen (A3-6) normal, with iii nearly above spiracle, iv above and slightly behind v on the same tubercle, vii of three small setae, the posterior slightly the long- est; hooks of prolegs irregularly bi- and tri-ordinal. A2 similar, the setae vii in a triangle, Ai with 2 setae vertically placed. A7 has two horizontally placed setae. A8 has the spiracles enlarged, facing back and much nearer dorsal line, with iii directly in front ; the plates of i and ii fused across the dorsal line and vii single. On A9 ii is fused across the dorsal line as in many Tortricids, iii (rho) is minute on
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] FORBES : NOTES ON THE CrAMBIN.^. 225
the lower edge of the plate of i. iv and vi are lost, vii simple. These characters are crambid except for the preservation of a second seta at the bases of all the true legs; the type differs from the Galleriinae in the nearly vertical, rather than horizontal placing of the setae iv and V on the abdomen, the partly triordinal. rather than uni- and bi- ordinal hooks, and the placing of the setoe of A9 which are in a nearly vertical series. Chilo phragmilcUus also has the double setae on T 2 and 3, so I suspect Fracker's specimen of C. plejadellus was defective; pJiniymitcllus differs in having rho of the i)rothorax rather lower than epsilon and distant from gamma as well as the different proleg mentioned above, but has the characteristic last spiracle of Diatrcco.
The pupa of D. saccharalis is similarly aberrant, and also shows some characters of the Galleriinae. It is typical of the Pyralidae, but will run to the Galleriinae in Miss Mosher's key, on account of the short maxillae, less than half as long as the fore wings, and obscure pilifer. There is no middorsal ridge on the body and the sculpture is of raised reticulations rising into pyramidal points, rather than of spines. The prothorax is Galleriid, nearly half as long as the meso- thorax. The other characters are : head with anterior rugosities, obscuring the sutures, prothorax nearly 3% mesothorax in greatest length, mesothorax with prominent sharp shoulders at base of wings, overhanging deep grooves on the prothorax ; labrum on ventral sur- face of body; maxillae 3^, the fore legs meeting behind them; labial palpi lanceolate, as long as middle width of tongue, max. palpi a minute triangle at base of middle legs, fore femora visible ; Aid well set off by a dorsal and lateral transverse groove, with shallow lateral furrow; cremaster obsolete, represented by a system of pyramidal points on last three segments, without obvious setae.
Genus Loxocrambus new genus.
This form is evidently a derivative of Crambus, differing mainly in the reduced costal venation and very early separation of M, from Sc and R in the hind wing. It will run to CuUadia in Hampson's key, but differs in wing form, and in the anastomosis of Sc and R. The two genera appear to be separately derived from different groups of Crambus. So far as I know, the secondary apex at M., is unique in the Pvralids.
226 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,
Head about as in Crambus. Male antennae slightly prismatic. tongue very weak, but coiled. Ocelli present. Eyes large. Thorax and legs scaly, normal. Fore wing with the apex rounded over, trun- cate, with a slightly increased curvature over Ry+^+r,, but with the apparent apex at M3. Cu-stem higher than usual in the wing, with a very wide space between it and second A, but without any trace of first A. Three radials only, the first short, running into Sc, which ends free in the membrane ; the other two also free, and not quite reaching the margin. M^ free, normal. M., and ., connate, cell open, third A obsolescent, free, as usual. Hind wing with base of R obso- lete, Mj^ apparently arising free, a third way out from i)ase, but obscurely connected with Sc + R. which immediately diverge from it and separate from each other two thirds way out to the apex. Cell open, with hardly a trace of the discocellular, abnormally short on the anterior side, as indicated by the early separation of M.^ from Sc + R, but abnormally long on the lower side, — Cu., arising more than half way out on the wing, widely separate from Cu^. M., and ,, stalked. All anals normal. Type : L. cancUus n. sp.
Loxocrambus canellus new species.
Light clay color, streaked with white on the veins. Head white, palpi shaded with clay color on outer side. Legs dirty white, fore legs darkest, as usual. Thorax apparently white (greasy in all my specimens), the side of the collar and tegulse clay color. Fore wing with costa and cell suffused with white, leaving a little darker shading between the veins, and some blackish scaling in the upper outer portion of the cell. Cell Mj white, except narrowly along the veins, from discal cell to outer line, indicating the fold. Inner line even, dark gray, forming an acute angle over end of cell, enlarging into a black spot and then fading out, but more or less traceable to middle of inner margin. It tends to show an ocellate spot just above A. Outer line dark gray, fine, even, about two thirds way from inner line to apex, running parallel to outer margin as far as M. ; then turning obliquely in, and running nearly straight across to anal angle. Terminal space white above M3 and clay color below, with concolorous veins. Three black spots in interspaces at apex, set well back from margin. Fringe concolorous, hind wing white. Under side white, immaculate, a little darkened toward costa of fore wing. 15 mm. Four males, Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917, at light. Type- and paratypes in Cornell U. collection. No. 467.
The larva is possibly a borer, as the moth becomes greasy much more readily than Crambus.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NoTES. 227
Loxocrambus mohaviellus new species.
Similar to L. canellus, but noticeably darker and slightly larger.
Pearl gray, shaded with ochreous brown, especially above the anal vein out to the post-medial line, and along the costal edge beyond. Head pearl gray, much darker than L. canellus; the palpi darker on the outer side. Disc of thorax concolorous, the sides of the collar and tegula; darker and browner gray Fore wing dull ochreous, as far as the post-medial line, the costal edge and inner margin below vein A pearl gray. A streak of blackish and white dusting between Sc and R, and more diffuse streaks in outer part of cell, below Cu and above and below .\. A strong white streak along Cu. Post- medial line whitish followed by brown the brown darkening into black dots opposite end of cell and on Cu ; the line obscure below Cuo in the type, and wholly obscure in the paratype. Post-medial region pearl gray, streaked with white on the veins, except A, and on the lower interspaces. St. line deep brown, followed with white. Terminal space pale pearl gray, less yellowish than in the post-medial region, shading into pale brown at costa, and straw yellow along dorsal part of outer margin. Two terminal dots, located as in L, canellus. Terminal line in base of fringe black on costa, obsolete below. Fringe light, with a black line in outer part, and white scale-tips. Hind wing and legs pearl gray. Under side pearl gray, terminal dots as above, and lines in fringe brown. 20 mm. Victorville (Mohave River), Cal., April 30, 1918. at light in the town. Type and paratype male Cornell U., Xo. 468.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND RECORDS OF LOCAL
LEPIDOPTERA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION
OF A NEW FORM.^
By I"'ra.\k E. Watson, New York, X. Y.
The following records were taken, unless otherwise stated, from my collecting notes, in the belief that they will be of use for state and local lists and it is hoped that they will prove of interest as well. I have also included the more interesting observations which were made while on an automobile trip, through Xew Jersey and Penn- sylvania, during July, 191 7, as a guest of Mr. G. C. Hall. These notes are enclosed in brackets and Mr, Hall should be credited with the writer for them.
' Read, in part, before the Xew York Entomological Society.
228 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^oi- xxviii,
Papilio cresphontes Cramer.
One larva, about ready to pupate, found on gas-plant or burning- bush, Dictamnus alhus Linne, in a garden at Waterbury, Ct., was re- ceived at the Museum, together with a specimen of the food-plant, for determination. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
This garden-plant is a variable species of the Rue family (Ruta- ceae) and occurs from southern Europe to northern China. It has a strong odor of lemon and will give off a flash of light on sultry summer evenings when a lighted match is held under the flower- cluster near the main stem.^
The above plant seems to be fairly well known as a food plant of cresphontes.
Pieris protodice f. vein, vernalis Edwards.
One specimen captured at Lakewood, Ocean Co., N. J., on April 26, 1906. Coll. F. E. W.
Pieris rapae (Linne). "^
One pupa found during the latter part of August, 1908, attached to the underside of a leaflet of Cassia marylandica. I raised this plant from seed in a large flower-pot on my roof and it was the only plant there. The leaves were well chewed near the pupa, and there were no other larvae to be found, so that the rapcv caterpillar must have fed on the Cassia, a female in flying over the roof having de- posited an egg on it. A normal female subsequently emerged. This is rather a strange food for rapce. Locality, Morrisania, New York City. Coll. F. E. W.
Eurymus philodice (Godart).
One nearly full-grown larva was found by W. A. Friedle on a young plant of Robinia pseudacacia at Washington Heights, New York City, September 14, 1916. It continued to feed on this plant until fully grown, making a crippled pupa from which the adult failed to emerge.
Danaus archippus (Fabricius).
About 5 P. M. on July 14, 1907, while returning from a collect- ing trip to Lakehurst,^ I found near South Lakewood,^ four nearly
2 Botanical notes by J. B. Keller in L. H. Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, Vol. II, 1914, p. 1004.
3 Both towns are in Ocean County, N, J.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 229
full grown larvae on a large bushy plant of Asclcpias tubcrosa. Num- ber one was resting on the underside of a leaf. Number two was eating the flowers of a small cluster which projected horizontally from the inflorescence. The larva held on to the main stalk just below the flowers with its fourth and anal pairs of prolegs and was able to reach the flowers. It assumed a horizontal position but with the anterior segments arched backward and partly downward. Num- ber three, on another stalk, was chewing the stem just beneath the flower cluster. Number four was feeding on the flowers of still another cluster. It held on to the stalk in the same manner as num- ber two, with its anterior segments arched backward and downward. The flower cluster upon which this larva was feeding was hanging down ; the peduncle had been chewed partly through, a very wide V-shaped portion of the stalk having been eaten out. A number of other flower-heads on various plants of A. tubcrosa were observed hanging downward with their stems partly cut through.
Do the larvae cut the stems so as to assume a comfortable position when feeding, i.e., to bring the food within easy reach, or does the attitude when feeding on the cut flower-heads offer some protection ? As the larvae when feeding as described above were directly beneath the inflorescence, they were somewhat sheltered from the sun.
I have not noticed any published notes of archippns larvae in the last instar feeding on milkweed flowers, although young larvae have been recorded as so feeding and eggs have also been found among the flowers. As a matter of fact. I have a number of times found both eggs and young larvre on the buds and flowers of various species of Asclcpias.
Early and late records for the imago : one specimen seen flying near the Amer. Mas. Nat. Hist., on October 2, 1916; a second speci- men was observed at the same place, flying during a light shower, on April 2t^, 1917.
Neonympha phocion iFahricius).
[One fresh individual ca])lurcd at Richland, Atlantic Co., N. J., July 17, 191 7.]
Euphydryas phaeton (Drury).
[Common at Cape May Court House, N. J., July 16, 1917.]
230 Journal New York Entomological Society. ^^°^- xxviii,
Polygonia progne (Cramer).
Although this species occurs in two forms, a summer and a winter or hibernating form, only the above name has heretofore appeared in our local lists. Form progne (Cramer) is here applied to the late summer or autumn brood and from l-argenteum Scudder to the early summer generation. With a view to adding the form l-argen- teum Scudder to our local lists, the following records are offered. All the material is in my local collection and was collected by me unless otherwise stated.
f. aut. progne (Cramer).
April 20, '02, one specimen, Hemlock Falls, Essex Co., N. J. ;
July 24, '10, two specimens, Fort Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. ;
July 31, '04, one very old specimen, Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, N. Y. ;
August 2, '03, one specimen, Sloatsburg, Orange Co., N. Y. ;
August 30, '08, one specimen, Andover, Sussex Co., N. J. ;
September 8, '10, one specimen. Big Island, Orange Co., N. Y. (Dr. F. E. Lutz), Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.;
September 20, '14, one specimen. Pine Island, Orange Co., N. Y., Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
September 21, '10, one specimen, Woodbury Falls, Orange Co., N. Y. (Dr. F. E. Lutz), Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.;
October 11, '18, one fresh female. Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, N. Y. (A. B. Klots), Coll. A. B. Klots.
f. aest. l-argenteum Scudder.
June 24, '06, one specimen. Fort Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. ;
July I, '06, five specimens, from last mentioned locality, one of which was collected by G. C. Hall and is in his collection ;
July I and 2, '09, one specimen each date. Greenwood Lake Glens, Passaic Co., N. J.;
July 3, '03, one specimen, Sloatsburg, Orange Co., N. Y. ;
July 4, '05 and '06, one specimen each date. Fort Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y.
Aglais milberti (Godart).
One specimen seen near the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, on October 26, 1916. One individual observed at Washington Heights, New
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] Watson : Miscellaneous Notes. 231
York City, on March 29, 1918. [Young larvse rather common on Urtica gracilis at !Mashipacong Pond, Sussex Co., N. J., July 18, 1917.]
Aglais antiopa ah. hygiaea ( lUycKnriich ).
On September 21, 1907, a colony of about seventy-five larvae were collected on a Popiilus dcltoidcs which was growing in a street near my home in Morrisania, New York City. The larvae were on their mats of silk and about ready to moult for the fourth time. As elm could be more easily procured, it was provided and the larvae, after moulting, ate it readily, .\bout fifty pupae were obtained, which I divided equally with Mr. Harvey Mitchell of Westwood, X. J. All of the specimens from my lot, some of which emerged as late as November 6, were of the typical form. From Mr. Mitchell's por- tion, tw'O hygicca and six transitional specimens emerged on October 28. Coll. F. E. W.
Mr. Mitchell's lot of pupae were not sent through the mails but carried by him to his home in Westwood. They had been placed by me in a tin box between layers of cotton and travelled, in this manner, thirty-five miles by rail. All pupae were kept indoors and were not subjected to any abnormal conditions. Was the jarring in transit the cause which produced the aberrant specimens? I have heard this explanation given but do not suggest it myself.
Chlorippe clyton f. proserpina (Scudder).
This form has not heretofore appeared in any of our local lists although the typical form, clyton (Boisduval and Le Conte) is not un- common in the vicinity of Maplewood, Essex Co., N. J- and has been recorded in The Insects of New Jersey, Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1909, p. 412. The form proserpina (Scudder) is rela- tively scarce and seems to be confined largely to the females. In a very large bred series, in my local collection, there are only five males and thirteen females. Transitional specimens occur. The emergence dates average from June 15 to July 15, extremes being June 14 and August 20.
Heodes epixanthe (Boisduval and LeConte).
[Extremely abundant in a cranberry bog near Toms River, Ocean Co., N. J., July 15, 1917. Most of the specimens were old and worn, but a few were freshly emerged.]
232 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^oi. xxviii,
Achalarus lycidas (Smith and Abbot).
[One individual observed at Richhill, Bucks Co., Pa., July 17, 1917.]
Polites manataaqua (Scudder).
[One specimen taken at Palermo, Cape May Co., N. J., and a sec- ond one at West Cape May, N. J., July 16, 1917.]
Poanes massasoit (Scudder).
[One male, of the typical form, and one female, transitional to the form suffitsa (Laurent), both in fresh condition, were captured at Malaga, Gloucester Co., N. J., July 17, 1917.] Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
f. SUffusa (Laurent).
[One male and one female, both fresh, were taken at Malaga, Gloucester Co., N. J., July 17, 1917.] Male in collection G. C. Hall; female in collection Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Poanes hobomok f. $ pocahontas ab. friedlei, new aberration.
This aberration diifers from typical pocahontas (Scudder) in the obsoles- cence of the white markings, particularly on the upper side which is almost immaculate. Primaries, above, with only three subapical spots present and much smaller than in normal specimens. The band of white spots on the outer third of the wing has almost completely disappeared, the spots being barely indicated by a few diffused whitish scales. There is also a small whitish spot in the apical angle of the cell. Secondaries, above, immaculate. Primaries, below, with the spots repeated, and relatively strong and distinct but greatly reduced from those present in normal individuals. A second small spot here appears below the first near the distal end of the cell. Bluish gray marginal border also reduced. Secondaries with the pale wide central band barely discernable owing to the lack of the pale scaling generally present in normal individuals. The pale spot near the base between veins 7 and 8 can scarcely be made out. Bluish gray marginal border greatly reduced. Speci- men somewhat undersized, expanding 36 mm.'*
Holotype female, Van Cortlandt Park, New York City, N. Y., Sept. 10, 1906, from the author's collection, now in the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Named for my friend Mr. Wm. A. Friedle.
The above specimen is one of two which I bred from eggs de- posited by a female hobomok (Harris) captured in Van Cortlandt Park
4 Measurements were taken from the center of thorax to each apex and added.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NoTES. 233
during the early summer of 1906. The larv;e and pupcC were kept in a cool damp cellar and despite the fact that in this vicinity there is l)ut one generation a year, the two pup?e ohtained produced a male hobomok and the aberrant female pocahontas (named above) during September of the same season. The male, which emerged on Sep- tember II. is slightly undersized and somewhat darker than average specimens of hobomok (Harris). Male in author's collection.
Euphyes conspicua (Edwards).
[One male and two females, all in fresh condition, Malaga, Gloucester Co.. N. J., July 17, 191 7.]
Megistias fusca (Grote and Robinson).
[One old specimen taken at Cape May Court House, N. J., July 17. 1917.]
Prenes panoquin (Scudder).
[One specimen collected at Palermo. Cape May Co., N. T., and another at Cape May Court House, N. J., July 17, 191 7.]
Samia cecropia (Linne).
On September 7. 1916. at Washington Heights. New "S'ork City, a nearly full-grown cecropia larva was noticed on a wild cherry bush with a Tachinid fly, Winthcmia quadripnsiulafa (Fabricius)."' sitting near by. The fly assumed a position on a leaf at right angles to the larva, its head not quite touching it. It then bent its posterior abdominal segments downward and forward and extended its exceedingly long flexible ovipositor beneath its abdomen, forward and upward to the level of the top of its head, or slightly higher and thence to the dorsal region of the posterior segments of the larva, in this instance, and dejwsited the t^^. A number of eggs w^ere thus laid before cap- turing the fly. Previously to the above observation, a fly, probably this one, had deposited eggs on the lateral regions of the anterior segments. The larva was well covered with eggs, numerous old ones having hatched, black spots showing on the larva at the ends of the eggs where the Tachinid larvae had bored into the caterpillar.
Three eggs laid this date about 12 o'clock noon, were left on the
5 Determined by Dr. J. Bequaert.
234 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^^o'- xxviii,
larva, others were put into a bottle. In both groups, eggs began to hatch on the gth about 9 A.M. The egg period is therefore about two days.
The cecropia did not eat after the 8th and began to decrease in size. It died on the 13th, finally turning black.
Full grown larvae were seen emerging on the 25th and kept on emerging during the 26th and 27th. On the evening of the 28th, four large larvae could be seen in the remains together with numer- ous small larvae, these latter perhaps belonging to another species. Some of the large larvae formed pupae from which the adults failed to emerge. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Tropaea luna (Linne).
One nearly full grown larva was found on hickory, September 23, 1916, at Pearl River, Rockland Co., N. Y. On April 9, 1917, a rather undersized female of the normal form emerged, not spring form rubrornarginata Davis. Mr. Davis suggests that the above is due to the pupa having been kept in the house, i.e., under artificial condi- tions. The cocoon was, however, kept in a wire breeding-cage and in a very cold room. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Macronoctua onusta Grote.
In June, 1917, we received at the Museum, several young larvae and their workings in cultivated Iris. These were collected by Mr. R. G. Van Name in his garden at New Haven, Conn., where they are very destructive to his Iris. Early in September, Mr. Van Name dug up several pupae from his Iris bed and sent them to us. One imago emerged on September 20 and three on September 21. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Phobetron pithecium (Smith and Abbot).
On the afternoon of Sepetmber 2t„ 1916, one nearly full-grown larva was collected on white oak at Pearl River, Rockland Co., N. Y. A twig of the oak with the larva was placed in a satchel as I had no receptacle for larvae with me. A twig of hickory with a larva of Tropcca luna (Linne) was then placed on top of the oak. About one hour later I looked into the satchel to see how the larvae were getting along and found that the pithecium had, of its own accord, left the
Sept.-Dec, 19^0.] WaTSON : MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 235
oak and was eating the liickory. It continued to feed on the hickory until the morning of the 25th, wlien I transferred the larvae to glass jars. The pitlicciiiDi was given the white oak, on whicli it fed until full-grown, spinning a normal cocoon.
WINTER COLLECTING NOTES ON FLORIDA RHOPALOCERA.
By E. L. Bell, Flushing, N. Y.
Under this heading is given a short account of the experiences of three amateurs during their visit to Florida during the winter, from about the middle of January, 1920, to the latter part of March, of the same year.
^ly father, mother, and sister, none of whom had had any previous experience in collecting insects spent the time mentioned at Tampa, Florida, excepting about two weeks spent at Dade City, a small place some forty miles northeast of Tampa. Tampa is, of course, the well- known city on the west coast of Florida about 250 miles on the rail- road, southwest of Jacksonville, Florida. Before starting their trip I gave them instructions in collecting and pinning the insects, and supplied them with nets, cyanide jars, pins, cork-lined boxes, etc., and with some anxiety awaited the outcome, for insects collected by those who have had no experience whatever are not apt to arrive in the ■' pink " of condition. They collected for me approximately 400 butterflies, and I was very agreeably surprised at the generally fine condition of the insects received.
The collecting during the latter part of January was generally pretty fair, and during the first part of February, excepting for some cool spells lasting from one to two or three days, the collecting was even better, but towards the end of this month and the first part of March a very cold period, lasting about two weeks or a little more, put an effectual end to the collecting. After the cold period had ended and the days became quite warm again the best collecting of all was had. The weather was generally fine, with very little rain,
236
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,
and while often the nights and mornings were quite cool, the days were warm. Many flowers were in bloom during the whole period of their stay and most of the butterflies collected were taken on the flowers, Hesperiidse especially frequenting the flowers of a species of mint which grew along the banks of the Hillsborough River on the outskirts of Tampa. Another favorite place in this locality was along a road cut through the jungle of saw palmetto, a road not much used and an ideal place for collecting, although it was more difficult, for once the butterfly darted into the jungle it was lost. Many thistles were in bloom and these were also very attractive to the butterflies.
The specimens were sent to me by parcel post as fast as the boxes were filled and some times reached me only three days after their capture. It was quite novel, indeed, to me, to have butterflies cap- tured on the flowers out of doors, that — in case of the large Papilios — hardly needed relaxing, while here everything was snow and ice- bound, and outdoor collecting a long way off.
The collectors returned much improved in health from their out- door activities and very enthusiastic over their experiences in col- lecting.
The species collected are listed below and furnish rather interest- ing early records for a locality as far north as Tampa, where the temperature at times was low enough to produce quite heavy frosts, and even ice on two occasions, during the time these records were made. The earliest record only in each month is given, and in some cases many of each species were collected on other days of the same month. A total of thirty-seven species were collected.
Papilio philenor Linn.
Papilio cresphontes Cramer
Papilio glaucus Linn. Papilio troilus texanus Ehr. Papilio palamedes Drury.
Tampa
Tampa
Tampa Tampa Tampa
Papilio marcellus form floridensis Holland Tampa
Pieris monuste Linn. Catopsilia eubule Linn.
Zerene caesonia Stoll.
Tampa Dade City
Tampa Tampa.
February |
6 |
|
{ |
February |
20 |
March |
IS |
|
March |
IS |
|
March |
14 |
|
March |
14 |
|
{ |
February |
21 |
March |
I I |
|
February |
21 |
|
January |
i6 |
|
T |
February |
6 |
March |
15 |
|
■f |
February |
6 |
i |
March |
IS |
Sept.-Dec, 19^0.] BeLL : VVlNTER COLLECTING NOTES.
2s:
Eurema nicippe Cramer Eurema euterpe Mm.
Cissia sosybius Fabr.
Dione vanillae Linn. Phyciodes phaon Edwards Phyciodes tharos Drury
Vanessa atalanta I. inn. Vanessa virginiensis Drury
Junonia coenia Hubn.
Basilarchia archippus floridensis Strccker Calephelis virginiensis Gray Strymon melinus Hubn. Goniurus proteus Linn.
Epargyreus tityrus Fabr. Thorybes daunus Cramer Cocceius pylades Scudder
Thanaos horatius Scud. & Burg.
Thanaos teientius Scud. & Burg. Thanaos brizo somnus Lintner Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr.
Hylephila phylseus Drury
Polites cernes Bdv. & Lee. Polites baracoa Lucas
Polites brettus Bdv.
Atalopedes campestris Bdv. Lerema accius .\bbott & Smith Lerodea eufala Edwards Lerodea maculata Edwards
Dade City |
January |
16 |
|
Tampa |
February |
21 |
|
Dade Ci |
ty |
January |
21 |
Tampa |
r February ] .March |
10 1 1 |
|
Dade Ci |
ty |
January |
16 |
Tampa |
J February \ March |
22 8 |
|
Tampa |
February |
5 |
|
Tampa |
C February I March |
23 15 |
|
Dade Ci |
ty |
January |
19 |
Tampa |
r February \ ^L■lrch |
9 '5 |
|
Dade Ci |
ty |
January |
19 |
Tampa |
March |
•5 |
|
Tampa |
r February I March |
21 15 |
|
Tampa |
March |
19 |
|
Tampa |
March |
15 |
|
Tampa |
March |
19 |
|
Dade Ci |
ity |
January |
19 |
Tampa |
February |
20 |
|
Tampa |
March |
19 |
|
Tampa |
March |
8 |
|
Tampa |
March |
10 |
|
Tampa |
r February \ March |
10 1 1 |
|
Tampa |
March |
s |
|
Tampa |
March |
8 |
|
Tampa |
March |
15 |
|
Tampa |
r February [ March |
6 10 |
|
Tampa |
r February \ March |
20 10 |
|
Dade C |
ity |
January |
19 |
Tampa |
March |
14 |
|
Tampa |
f February \ March |
8 lO |
|
Tampa |
.' February i_ March |
9 10 |
|
Tampa |
March |
19 |
|
Tampa |
r Fel)ruary 1 March |
8 iS |
|
Tampa |
February |
■25 |
238 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,
GENERAL NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE CANAL ZONE, ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.
Thomas Hallinan, Paterson, N. J.
The Heliconidae seem to be more numerous in species and indi- viduals than any other family of Rhopholocera on the Isthmus and their presence in the dense jungles and forest groves adds a charm of color to the prevailing green. They are seldom seen in the open except on flowering shrubs along the trails. From about the summer solstice to middle December in the rainy season they are very numer- ous on the wing but adults are found throughout the year.
The tailless Papilios are found in about the same dense jungle as the Heliconidae, favoring more, perhaps, the water courses. Their bright spots of sharp colors are very conspicuous when they fly about in the drizzling rains. They are seldom seen on the wing in the dry season.
The Caligos are not commonly seen as they choose the thickets of vine-tangled shrubbery for their short, lumbering flights, but they are found on the wing throughout the year.
The conspicuous Morphos are very local and are seldom seen ex- cept during November and early December. In certain localities on the wide trails as many as ten to twenty of the Morpho cypris can be seen from dawn to about mid-forenoon, flying- high and wild. The other Morphos fly lower and more steady and are easily attracted by bits of sugar cane.
The Erycinidae are seen at all times of the year and are generally found along the open trails, resting on the flowers or leaves of shrubs in the sunlight. They seldom fly in the thick jungle.
In the cut-over areas and open sabannas are found many of the Hesperidse and Pieridse, the latter seem to favor congregating around damp patches of ground as they do in other parts of the world. The more common species found in the open fields are the Anarta fatima, Anarta jatrophcea and a species or two of Junonia.
In the groves around Ancon Hill, Ageronia feronia is very notice- able when flying about making a snapping noise, which can be heard several yards.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] ggOK REVIEWS. 239
On the liill tops on the hot fair clays from about ten o'clock in the morning until about one hour after noon, the flowering shrubs are surrounded by hundreds of butterflies and day-flying moths of numer- ous species. Many species are usually found at rest only on these hill tops and this is especially true of the tailed Papilios with the excep- tion of a species similar to the Papilio marccllus which is occasionally seen resting on damp patches of ground in the low lands.
This predilection for the hill tops by certain species among the Lepidoptera is a strange manifestation of their habits of migration.
Perhaps the most striking and spectacular feature in the habits of the Lepidoptera on the Isthmus of Panama, in fact among all insect life in this region, is the occasional marvelous migration of Uranus fulgcns. During June and July in 1907 this diurnal, asymmetric moth migrated across the Isthmus in a general easterly direction in vast numbers. Group counting indicated that the daily number which passed amounted to hundreds of thousands. They flew no higher than ten feet except at obstructions and the maximum occurred from dawn until about eight o'clock in the morning and from four o'clock in the afternoon until dusk, with a few thousand stragglers during the other daylight hours. They flew along special courses in a rapid, long zig-zag manner and the migration was not interrupted by the rains. Of the millions that passed I only observed one at rest and that was on a leaf. In 1908 and 1909 the migration was limited to a few thousand individuals beginning in late May and extending through June and into July with the same characteristics as the 1907 flight. In 1915 there was another enormous migration but not equal to the number in 1907, but having the same characteristics as to the routes, time, manner of flight and the absence of resting individuals. During these migrations Uranxis fulgcns was observed simultaneously at all points on the Canal Zone and there were about an equal number of males and females.
BOOK REVIEWS.
Orthoptera of Northeastern America with Especial Reference TO the Faunas of Indiana and Florida. By W. S. Blatchlev. The Nature Publishing Company. Indianapolis, 1920. y^j^ pp., 7 plates, 246 text figures, bibliography, glossary, index to synonyms
240 Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^"o'- xxviii,
and new generic assignments recognized in the work, also general index.
Professor Blatchley, to whose industry entomologists are already indebted, has produced another book that will gain for him the thanks of many stu- dents of Nature. This time it is about grasshoppers, katydids and their kin. Following the introductory chapter on classification, structure, collecting, pres- ervation of specimens, etc., there follows the " Descriptive Catalogue of the Orthoptera of the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada." Under this caption, which very closely gives the scope of the book, are included the ear- wigs or Dermaptera, which are often treated separately. The work is an expansion of the author's Orthoptera of Indiana, issued in 1903. In the present volume 353 species and 58 varieties are recognized, of which the author, pn page 4, states that he has personally examined all but five. There are keys for the separation of suborders, families, subfamili'es, genera and species; each species is also more fully described under a separate heading, with notes on distribution, song (if it has one), habits, etc. There are also many helpful illustrations. The writers who have made observations which the author has used in preparing these accounts are given full credit, and if Mr. Blatchley does not agree with their opinions, both sides are stated, so that the student will be aware that doubt exists.
It is not to be wondered at that Mr. Blatchley does not agree with some other students as to the limits of certain species, or the names by which they should be known. At the present time we do not know exactly how many species of oaks inhabit eastern North America, nor are botanists agreed as to the names in use ; grasshoppers have been studied much less, and are far more elusive. The writer, for instance, from his experience afield and from the specimens collected on Long Island and Staten Island, thinks that Sphara- gemon wyomingianum Thomas and Spharagemon scudderi Morse should be considered as distinct, while Mr. Blatchley thinks that scudderi is a " syno- nym of ivyomingiannm," but as usual he devotes much space to the dissenting opinions. Gradually these matters will be more fully adjusted, and meanwhile the entomologist will be thankful that he has at hand so useful and accurate a book containing information often in great detail concerning the Orthoptera of eastern North America.
Wm. T. Davis.
Manual of the Orthoptera of New England, including the Locusts, Grasshoppers, Crickets, and their Allies. By Albert P. Morse. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 197-556, plates 10-29. April, 1920.
This excellent work, which shows great care in its preparation and knowl- edge of the subjects treated, has been promised to students of Nature for several ye'ars, and will now be received with much appreciation. The intro-
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] PROCEEDINGS. 241
duction covers every phase of the subject, such as history of New England Orlhopterology, collections of New England Orthoptera, classification, anat- omy, habits, geographical distribution, methods of collecting and preserving, etc. The sequence of the families is changed from that of Mr. Scudder's catalogue of 1900, and more nearly conforms to that of Westwood and Kirby, except that the long-horned grasshoppers or Tettigoniidre precede the crickets. A further change has been made in placing the burrowing crickets and pygmy locusts last in their respective families.
The total number of Orthoptera and Dermaptera recorded from New England is 132, of which probably 104 are native and 28 introduced. Un- doubtedly several other species known to occur in the State of New York will in time be found in New England.
In the account of the broad-winged katydid, Pterophylla camellifolia, there is a quotation from Dr. Harris stating that the eggs of that species are laid in two contiguous rows along the surface of a twig, the bark of which is previously shaved off or made rough with her piercer. Dr. Harris in his " Insects Injurious to V^egetation " states that he is " indebted to Miss Morris for specimens of these eggs." Evidently Miss Morris sent the Doctor the eggs of Microcentrum and not of Pterophylla, for wc have se\ cral times seen the broad-winged katydid laying its eggs in slits in pine bark and in that of the common locust. Others have had similar experience. Dr. Packard. Wm. Saunders and Prof. Kellogg all make the same or nearly the same statement regarding the eggs of the broad-winged katydid, and all no doubt copied from Dr. Harris.
On the six colored plates some of the more strikingly marked species are shown, also the several kinds of tree-crickets, while most of the other plates are devoted to finely executed outline figures of structural characters. There is an accented list of scientific names, also a glossary.
Wm. T. D.wis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY.
Meeting of M.\Rcn 16.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomolof,ncal Society was held at 8 P. M. on March 16, 1920. in the American Museum of Natural History, Vice-President John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with nineteen (19) members and five visitors present.
The Treasurer read a letter from Farmer's Loan & Trust Co., acknowl- edging addition of $100 to the Permanent Fund.
Mr. E- A. Smith, 2 Arden St., New York City, was elected an active member.
Several items in current numbers of " Science " were read. Mr. John
242 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,
J. Davis, present as a visitor, spoke of the manifesto adopted at St. Louis on December 30, 1919, by the Entomological Society of America, and on January 2, 1920, by the American Association of Economic Entomologists, and it was discussed by Dr. Lutz, Messrs. Davis, Lutz and Sherman.
Mr. Comstock, under the title " Notes on African Lycaenidae," spoke of the development and distribution of this family of butterflies in the Ethiopian region, illustrating his remarks by specimens of about one sixth of the known species, and by the works of Aurivillius (Rhopalocera sethiopica < K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand. 1 898-1 899) and Bethune Baker (Rev. African Lycsenesthes < Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 191 0). A large part of the specimens shown were collected by Miss McKenzie, a missionary in the Kameruns. Mr. Comstock, after ex- hibiting maps of Africa, arranged to show its physical characteristics and faunal sub-regions, pointed out that the development of the Lycsenidse was remarkable, constituting one third of all the butterflies ; and the distribution of one of the subfamilies Lipteninse almost confined to the Ethiopian region, West Africa being especially their home ; while the Lycseninse were found in all the sub-regions of Africa. The work of all authors since Linnaeus was reviewed, Hewitson, Trimen and Bethune-Baker having described the largest number of species.
The following tables of distribution were given :
LlPTENIN^.
Genera.
West Africa 18
South Africa 6
East Africa 4
Mascarene none
Lycenin^.
Genera.
West Africa 19
South Africa 19
East Africa 15
Mascarene 8
Species.
166
13
19
none
Species.
212
146
134
32
Dr. Avenoff, present as a visitor, spoke of the isolation of the African Lycaenidae and of the uncertain boundary between the Palaearctic and Ethio- pian regions. He exhibited maps showing a transition region appeared to intervene between them, which might be traced through Arabia even to British India.
Dr. Bequaert said that Dr. Avenoft's idea of a strict limit for the bulk of the species and an extra limit for straying insects was interesting. He gave the botanical idea of the distribution of acacia as establishing the north- ern limit of the Ethiopian region, and pointed out that it was supported by the distribution of honey birds and snails.
Sept.-Dec, 1920.] PROCEEDINGS. 243
The occurrence of certain plants and insects in the highlands of the east coast was due to elevation.
Mr. Wm. T. Davis exhibited a number of specimens of the cicada Okana- godes gracilis recently described in the Journal of the New York Ento- mological Society from Utah and Arizona. Recently he had received two additional males from Bagdad, San Bernardino Co., California, August 6, 1919 (Rchn and Hebard). Mr. Morgan Hebard, who collected the speci- mens, reported that they were found on low plants, mid an arid environment. He was attracted by the song, which he first thought was produced by an Orthopterous insect. The cicadas ceased singing when he was still some dis- tance from them, which made their final detection rather difficult.
Meeting of April 6.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8 P. M. on April 6, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi- dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen (17) members present.
Dr. Frank H. Chittenden, Washington, D. C, was elected an active member.
Dr. \\'a!ther Horn's request for exchange was referred to the Librarian.
Mr. Davis read letters from E. B. Williamson in Venezuela, Dr. W. T. M. Forbes in Panama and R. P. Dow in California.
Dr. Bequaert made some " Remarks on Dolichopodidae," in which he pointed out first the characters of these small flies in venation, second basal cell always united with discal cell, and the bend or kink in fourth vein ; also their frequently being greenish metallic in color; and secondly the remarkable variety in their male characters, as illustrated in Herman Loew's monograph of 1864 (S. M. C, No. 171). He showed his own collection and that of Mr. Burns, also a small European collection, pointing out the absence of striking faunal differences, and the opportunity for further study, Mr. Burns' collec- tion containing seven species new to the New Jersey List and one species new to science. Passing to the habits, he said the adults were not found on flowers or at light but by sweeping low meadows, on rocks in wet places, on moss about springs and sometimes on the bark of trees. Of the larvae there was much to learn ; Marchand had bred Argyra from larva: found in mud among Tabanids ; all the larvae were carnivorous and cannibals, adding to the difficulty of breeding them ; some are known to attack Scolytid larvae, A paper on Diptera Danica IV by Lundbeck in 1912 contains useful data.
Dr. Sturtcvant added some details indicating that the prey of the adults is not always enclosed by the proboscis.
Mr. Schaeffer, under the title " Donaciae of New York State." gave a remarkable exhibition of minute information on this puzzling group. He pointed out that in two especially plastic species, cincticoruis and subtilis, the characters he had found constant in a very large material indicated more species than were recognized in the last published synopsis. Some of these
244 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxviii,
had been described by early authors and erroneously sunk in synonymy, such as episcopalis Lacordaire and californica and dives LeConte ; others would be described by him in a forthcoming revision of the genus.
The New Jersey List, according to his studies, would require revision by changing proxima to episcopalis Lee, distincta to torosa Lee, striking out hypoletica and femoralis and kirbyi as synonyms and adding six species de- scribed by Blatchley and himself.
In discussing the species of New York State, 24 in number, Mr. Schaetfer was unable to finish on account of the late hour, but pointed out the possi- bility of specimens heretofore called hypolenca being dimorphic forms of palmata and the curious fact that the European subgenus Plateumaris is apparently more separable there than here, while our species harrisi appar- ently belongs to a subgenus not represented in Europe, characterized by third antennal joint longer than fourth.
In general Mr. Schaeffer favored a recognition of more species and ele- vating varieties like proxima to specific rank.
Meeting of April 20.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held in the American Museum of Natural History at 8 P. M. on April 20, 1920, Vice- President John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with 1 1 members present.
The Outing Committee announced an excursion to Greenwood Lake on Sunday, May 2d, in conjunction with the Brooklyn Entomological Society.
Mr. Davis read letters from John J. de Vyver and H. H. Ruckes.
Mr. Davis spoke on the Cicadas of the genus Platypedia and its allies, placing the older names with certainty and discussing the value of the vena- tion and cells in generic classification. His remarks, which were copiously illustrated by series of specimens, will be printed in full.
Mr. Schaeffer continued his discussion of the Donaciee of New York State, giving the following list of the species he had recognized, with the diagnostic characters of each as printed in our December Journal:
1. D. hirticollis Kirby.
2. D. cincticornis Newm.
3. D. proxima Kirby.
4. D. proxima episcopalis Lee.
5. D. piscatrix Lee.
6. D. palmata Oliv.
7. D. rufescens Lee.
8. D. edentata Schffr.
9. D. parvidens Schffr.
10. D. curticollis Knab.
1 1. D. rugosa Lee.
12. D. siibtilis Kunze.
13. D. liebecki Schffr.
Sept-Dec, 1920.] PROCEEDINGS. 245
14. D. megacoruis Blatch.
15. D. crqualis Sny.
16. D. torosa Lee.
17. D. tuberculata Lcc.
18. D. harrisi Lee.
19. D. serricauda Sehffr.
20. D. pusilla dives Lee.
21. D. emarginata Kirby.
22. D. metallica Ahr.
23. D. flavipes Kirby.
24. D. r»/a Say.
He also discussed the relation of our species to those of the Pala;aretic region.
Mr. Mutchler spoke of the single species occurring in Cuba and Dr. Bequaert of the African species.
Mr. Leng exhibited for Mr. Davis Cicindela pilatei, taken at Dayton, Texas, June 22, 1917, by Dr. Bequaert; also a copy of Cowan's " Curious Facts in the History of Insects."
Mr. Davis spoke of R. Hebcr Howe, Jr., " Manual of the Odonata of Xew England," being a Memoir of the Thoreau Museum of Natural History, Concord, Mass., March, 1917, to March, 1920, in which 156 species are named as compared with 124 known to occur around New York.
Mr. Davis also showed a photograph of Mr. Shoemaker's painting of Lepidoptera with a short account of the years spent in producing it. The painting will be exhibited in the American Museum of Natural History.
Mr. Burns exhibited Insects from the Palisades and Dr. Bequaert com- mented on certain interesting features thereof, especially the date of mating for a species of Lasius, niger americanus of which Mr. Davis had taken a queen on Staten Island April 19.
Meeting of M.ay 4.
A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8 P. M. on May 4, 1920, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi- dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with 17 members present.
Mr. Nieolay reported for the Outing Committee.
Mr. Leng invited the members to join the Staten Island Bird Club walk May 8th.
Mr. Sherman invited the members to his house, 132 Primrose .\ve., Mt. Vernon, on May 15.
Mr. Olsen, under the title '" .Another European Ltafhopper in North America," read a paper illustrated by drawings and specimens, disclosing the European origin of Eutettix osbornii Ball. This paper will be printed else- where. It was discussed by Dr. Bequaert and Messrs. Barber and Dickinson.
Mr. Notman exhibited " Coleoptera collected at Windsor, N. Y., with remarks on Distribution," in which he reviewed the geological history of this
246 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviil,
continent and the life zones of this State, as indicated by vegetation ; giving some interesting comparisons from his own collections at widely separated points for genera like Brachinus and Bcmbidiuin. The locality at Windsor, N. Y., had proved especially interesting from the mixture of northern and southern forms and the number of new species, 12 out of 423, requiring description.
Mr. Notman's remarks were discussed by Messrs. Angell, Woodruff and Davis.
Mr. Angell recorded finding a Cicindela sexguttata at Rattlesnake Creek, the Bronx, New York City, April 25 ; remarkable for its small size and unusual color.
Mr. Woodruff reported his visit to Washington and conveyed the good wishes of Messrs, Schwarz, Caudell, Aldrich and Barber to our members.
A Correction. — Page 20, Agrilus obsciiro-guttatus Gory should read Agrilus obsolefoguttatiis Gory. H. Notman.
Index to Names of Insects and Plants in Volume XXVII.
Generic names begin with a capital letter. New genera, subgenera, species, subspecies, varieties and noniiua nova are printed in italics.
Abies
concolor, 156
grandis, 156 Acalles
granosus, 174
minimus, 174
sableitsis, 174 Acanthoscelis
acephalus, 58
curtus, 58, 70, 178
mendicus, 178
4-spinosus. 60 Acentropus. 215 Achalarus
lycidas, 232 Acmaeops
thoracica, 183 Acropteroxys
gracilis, 181 Actia
pilipennis, 44 Actobius
fulricoruis. 17, 27
pasdcroides. 17
sobrinus, 17
temiinalis, 17
semipunctatus, 28 Acylophorus
pronus, 180 Adalia
bipunctata, 68, 181 Adelocera
obtecta, 182 yEletes
politus, 181 Agabus
semivittatus, 16 Agallia
sanguinolenta, 65 Agapostemon
virescens, 72
Agathengis
lineola, 18, 29, 181 Agathidium
exiguum, 180 Ageronia
feronia, 238 Aglais
antiopa
ab. hygise, 231
milberti, 230 Agonoderus, 87
comma, 15, 179
pallipcs, 179 Agraphus
bellicus, 163 '
Agrilis
putillus, 14s Agrilus, 136
acutipennis, 182
arcuatus, 20
egenus, 20
lacustris, 20
masculinus, 20
obsoleto-guttatus, 20, 182, 246
otiosus, 20
politus, 20, 182
vittaticollis, 182 Agriotcs
mancus, 182
pubescens, 182 Aleochara
bimaculata, 181 Aloconota
cambrica. 181 Amara. 82, 83. 86, 89
aeneopolita, 179
angustata, 15. 179
eda.r. i-g, 186
impuncticollis, 15
laurana. 186
obesa, 15, 84
247
248 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii,
pallipes, 179 subaenea, 88 Amartus, 30 Amblycorypha
oblongifolia, 79 Amphiagrion
saucium, 26 Anania
funeralis, 41 Anaphoidea
sordidata, 58 Anarta
fatima, 238 jatrophsea, 238 Anaspis
nigra, 2^ rufa, 22,, 184 Anchonus
duryi, 176 Ancyloxypha
numitor, 25, 2-iy Aneurus
inconstans, 25 Anisodactylus
discoideus, 16, 179 harrisii, 179 interstitialis, 16 nigerrimus, 179 piceus, 89 rusticus, IS Anisotoma
punctatostriata, 180 Anomala
lucicola, 69 Anonioea
laticlavia, 22, 183 Anomoglossus, 81 Anthaxia
quercata, 20, 182 viridicornis, 20 Anthicus
festinans, 184 obscurus, 2^^ Anthonaeus, 30 Anthonomus
consimilis, 184 costulatus, 167 elegans, 167 grandis, 168 hamamelidis, 93 likensis, 93 molochinus, 93 musculus, 184 robinsoni, 93 robustulus, 184 rufipennis, 93, 184
scutellaris, 167 sycophanta, 184 unicus, 168 uniformis, 168 varipes, i68 Anthrenus
castanese, 18 museorum, 18 scrophulariae, 18 Apantesis
arge, 42 Apenes, 89 Aphanisticus
pusillus, 138 Aphis
gossypii, 60 cenotherae, 66 Aphodius
fimetarius, 183 fossor, 183 granarius, 21 ruricola, 21 Apion
atripes, 24 griseum, 24 impeditum, 184 importunum, 162 pennsylvanicum, 184 porcatum, 24 tenuiforme, 162 turbulentum, 24 walshii, 162 Apristus
cordicollis, 179 Archotermopsis, 76 Ardistomis, 83 Argia
putrida, 2(i Argyra, 243 Argyria, 217, 222
argentana, 222, 223 auratella, 222, 22^ f. auratella, 223 f, pulchella, 222, 223 critica, 222, 223 jonesella, 222 lacteella, 22^ nivalis, 222, 223 rileyella, 222, 223 Arthromacra
senea, zt,, 183 robinsoni, 90 Artipus
floridanus, 163 Asaphes
decoloratus, 20
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
249
Asclepias
tuberosa, 229 Aspidoglossa, 89 Astcnus
discopunctatus, 180 Ataenius
strigatus, 183 Atalopedes
campestris, 237 Atheta
dentata, 16, 181
nigritula, 181
palustris, 16, 181 Atlanticus
davisi, 90 Atomaria
ephippiata. 18, 181
oblongula, 18, 181
ochracea, iSi
var. pennsylvanica, 18, 181
ovalis. 18
pusilla, 18, 181 Attagenus
deficiens, 181 Attains
pallifrons, 21 Attelabus
rhois, 184 Auleutes
asper, 184
ater, 70
nebulosus, 171
Babia
quadriguttata, 22 Badister
notatus, 15
pulchellus, 84, 86 Bagous
mamniillatus, 184
obliqiuis, 166
f ictus. 166 Balaninus
humeralis, 167
orthorhynchus, 167
parvidens, 167
rectus, 167
victoriensis, 167 Baptolinus
americanus, 17 Barilepton, 171
robusta, 170 Baris, 169
australis, 169
Hyperion, 168
splendens, 163
Basilarchia
archippus
f. floridcnsis. 2^7 Bassus
gibbosus, 49 Batis
maritima, 169, 173 Batrisodes
spretus, 180 Bembidium, 81, 87, 89, 92, 246
basicorne, 179, 185
chalccum, 14
coniplanulum, 179, 184, 185
dccipiens, 179
fugax, 179
grandiceps, 179, 184
honcstum, 179
impiuni, 186
inaeqiiale, 14, 179
iridescens, 185
nigrum, 14, 179
oberthiiri, 14, 179
patrucle, 14, 179
picipes. 14, 179
planiusculum, 14, 179, 184, i
planum, 14, 179, 184
posticum, 14, 179
postremum, 14, 179
punctatostriatum, 179
quadrimaculatum, 14, 179
rusticum. 185
semistriatum, 179
simplex, 179, 184
variegatum, 179
versicolor, 14, 179 Bidessus
affinis, 179 Bledius
deceptivus, 189
emarginatus, 17, 180
fracticornis, 180, 189
honcstus, 17
stabilis, 17 Blethisa, 84 Boletobius
cincticollis, 181
quaesitor, 181 Bombus
impatiens, 72 Botys
bicolor, 41 Brachyacantha
lo-pustulata, 18
ursina, 18, 68 Brachylobus, 81
lithophilus, 15
250
Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- xxvin.
Brachynus, 8i, 85, 89, 246
ballistarius, 15, 179
cordicollis, 15
cyanipennis, 15
fumans, 15, 179
gracilis, 15
janthinipennis, 15
minutus, 15 Brachypterus, 30
urticse, 18 Brachys, 136, 137, 140
serosa, 20, 182
aeruginosa, 182
aiboguttata, 146
ovata, 140, 182 Brachytarsus
tomentosus, 184 Bradycellus
debilipes, 179
rupestris, 15
tantillus, 179 Bryoporus
rufescens, 181 Bumelia
angustifolia, 162, 172, 174
Calandra
oryzae, 177
var. zea-mais, 177 Calathus, 89
gregarius, 15 Calephelis
virginiensis, 237 Caligo, 239 Callida
viridipennis, 85 Calligrapha
bigsbyana, 22, 183
elegans, 183
philadelphica, 22
similis, 183 Callinioxys
sanguinicollis, 22 Calopteron
reticulatuin, 20 Calosoma, 81, 86, 88
calidum, 84, 179 Canifa
pallipes, 23, 184 Carabus, 81
limbatus, 82, 179
vinctus, 82 Carduus
spinosissimus, 163 Cartodere
argus, 18
Casnonia, 85
ludoviciana, 81
pennsylvanica, 82 Cassia
marylandica, 228 Catapastus
albonotatus, 170 Catopsilia
eubule, 236 Caulophilus
latinasus, 176 Celerio
lineata, 41 Celia, 82 Centrinus
canus, 169 Cephalanthus
occidentalis, 147 Cephaloon
lepturides, 23, 184 Cerambycobius
cyaniceps, 58 Cercus, 30 Cercyon
basillaris, 180, 187
incrematiis, 180, 186
ocellatum, 16
quisquilius, 187
unipunctum, 16, 180 Cerotoma
trifurcata, 22 Ceruchus
piceus, 182 Cerylon
castaneum, 18, i8i Ceutorhynchus
cyanipennis, 184
floridanus, 171
puberulus, 24
punctiger, 24, 184
semirufus, 184
transversus, 171 Chaetocnema
confinis, 23
denticulata, 70 Chalcodermus
collaris, 70
insequalis, 163
insequicollis, 173 Chalcoela, 215 Chalepus
dorsalis, 23
nervosa, 183
rubra, 23, 183 Chauliognathus
marginatus, 68
Index ro Names of Insects anu Plants.
251
Chelonus
lavernae, 47 Chenopodium, 42 Chilo, 217, 223
comptulalis, 223
forbcscllus. 223
phragmitellus, 225
plejadellus, 225 Chlsenius, 82, 86
laticollis, 84
prasinus. 84
ruficauda, 84
sericeus, 15
tricolor, 15 Chlamys
plicata, 183 Chlorippe
celtis, 90
clyton,
f. proserpina, 231 Chrysobothris
femorata, 182
soror, 182
sylvania, 151, 154
trinervia, 151 Chrysodina
globosa, 183 Cicada. 105
areolata, 95, 109, no, 112, 113
haniatoda, 126
pallescens, 126. 127
parvula. 126
putnami, 95 Cicindela
sexguttata, 14, 178, 246
pilatei, 245
purpurea, 178
var. graminea, 178
repanda, 178
rufiventris, 90
unipunctata, 90 Cis
punctatus, 21 Cissia
eurytus, 25
sosybius. 237 Clerus
thoracicus. 21 Clidophlcps, 96 Clivina. 81, 89
impressifrons, 179 Cocceius
pylades, 237 Coccinella
9-notata, 17, 68
trifasciata. 17, 68
Coccolobis
uvifera, 172, 174
Coelambus
dissimilis, 16
Coeliodes, 60
flavicauda, 24
Coelogaster
zinimernianni, 70
Colaspis
brunnea, 69
Colon
aspcratuni, 180
Colpodota
parva, 181
Conocarpus
erecta, 167, 172, 175
Conosoma
crassuni, 17 opicum, 181
Conotrachelus
anaglypticus, 172 belfragei, 172 biscayensis, 172 brevisetis, 74 coronatus, 173 floridanus, 172 geiiiinatus, 172 maritimus, 172, 176 obesus, 172 seniculus, 172 serpentinus, 172
Coprothrassa sordida, 181
Coptocycla
bicolor, 70, 183 signifera, 183
Corphyra
lugubris, 23. 184
Corticaria
elongata, 19 serrata, 181
Corymbites, 20, 31
Corythuca
arcuata, 25
Coscinoptera
dominicana, 22
Crambus, 224, 225. 226 albellus, 219, 220 alboclavellus, 219 biguttcllus. 219 caliginosellus, 219 carpcnterellus, 219 coloradellus, 220 dimidiatellus, 221 clegans, 220 hastifcrellus, 219
252 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviir.
hortuellus, 219 immunellus, 220
n. r. minor, 220 interniedius, 221 laciniellus, 219 leachellus, 219 luteolellus, 219 nevadellus, 221 polingi, 220 pusionellus, 220 quinquareatus, 219 teterrellus, 220 trisectus, 219 zeellus, 219 Craponius
inaequalis, 171 Cratacanthus, 89 Cremastochilus
canaliculatus, 21, 183 Cremastogaster lineolata, 71 Creniastus
epagoges, 44 Creniphilus
digestus, 180 Creophilus
maxillosus
var. villosus, 180 Crepidodera
helxines, 23, 183 rufipes, 22, 183 Cryptarcha
ampla, 181 Cryptobium
bicolor, 17 Cryptocephalus
quadruplex, 183 Cryptopleurum
minutum, 180 Cryptorhynchus apiculatus, 175 helvus, 175 lapathi, 24, 175, 184 schwarzi, 175 Culladia, 225 Cupes, 197, 202, 206, 207 capitatus, 202, 204, 207 cinera, 205
concolor, 199, 201, 205, 206, 207 latreillei, 205 lobiceps, 203, 204, 207 oculatus, 197, 203, 205, 206 serrata, 203, 206 trilineata, 205 Cychramus
adustus, 181
Cychrus, 84, 86
bicarinatus, 81
elevatus, 81
heros, 81
lecontei, 82 Cycloneda
sanguinea, 68 Cyllodes
biplagiatus, 181 Cymbiodyta
blanchardi, 180
fimbriata, 180
lacustris, 16 Cymindis, 8j, 89 Cyphon
obscurus, 19, 182
variabilis, 19 Cyrtolobus
vau, 26 Cyrtonotus, 86 Cyrtophorus
verrucosus, 22, 183 Cytilus
sericeus, 182
Danaus
archippus, 228 Daya
ingratula, 181 Decarthron
exiguum, 180, 187
formaceti, j8S Demosoma, 193 Dermestes
lardarius, 181 Desmia
funeralis, 39, 41
maculatis, 41 Diabrotica
vittata, 22, 183
i2-punctata, 69 Dialytes
striatulus, 183 Diatrsea, 216, 221, 222, 22i,
alleni, 223
differentialis, 223
evanescens, 224
saccharalis, 224, 225 Dibolia
borealis, 23 Dicselus, 82
dilatatus, 15
elongatus, 15
teter, 15 Dicerca
lurida, 20
Index to Names of Insects anu Plants.
258
prolongata, 182 Dichelonycha
diluta, 21, 183
tlongata, 183
tcstacea, 183 Dicranomyia
amaconica, 2
chlorotica, 4
sanct?e-cruzje, 3. 4 Dictamnus
albus, 228 Dicynioloinia, 215 Dincutes
discolor, 16, 179 Dione
vanillae, 237 Diplochila. 82, 84 Diplotaxjs
atlantis, 183 Discoderus, 86 Disonycha
xanthonielsna, 22 Dolopius
lateralis, 182 . Donacia
aequalis, 245
californica, 244
cinclicornis. 243, 244
curticollis, 244
distincta, 244
dives, 244, 245
edentata, 244
emarginata, 183, 245
episcopalis (Lac), 244
episcopalis (Lee), 244
femoralis, 244
flavipes, 245
harrisi, 244, 245
hirticollis, 244
hypoleuca. 244
kirbyi. 244
Hebecki, 244
megacornis, 245
metallica, 245
palmata, 244
parvidens, 244
piscatrix, 244
proxima, 244
pusilla. 24s
rufa. 245
rufescens, 244
rugosa, 244
scrricauda, 245
subtilis, 243, 244
torosa, 244, 245
tuberculata, 245
Dorcus
parallelus, 21 Dromogomphus
spinosus, 26 Drosophila
busckii, 92
funebris, 92
melanogaster, 92
repleta, 92 Dryocoetes
americanus, 184 Dryophthorus
americanus, 24 Dryops
lithophilus, 19 Dryotribus
mimeticus, 176 Dyschirius
aitreolus, 14, 26
edentulus, 27
globulosus, 179
sphffiricollis, 14, 27
tridentatus, 85
Ectopria
nervosa, 19 Ega, 85 Eisonyx, 169, 170
picipes, 170 Elaphrus
cicatricosus, 179
ruscarius, 14, 179 Elater
areolatus, 19, 182
nigricans, 182
nigricoIHs, 182
rubricus, 182
socer, 19
vitiosus, 182 Ellychnia
corrusca. 182 Elmis
latiusculiis, 19 Encyclops
caeruieiis, 22 Eoreuma, 217
densollus, 223 Epargyreus
tityrus, 25, 237 Epicserus
forniidolosus, 163 Epilobium. 42, 53
vitis, 42 Epitrix
cucumcris. 23. 69, i8j
254 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
Epiurus
pterophori, 47 Epursea
labilis, 181 peltoides, 181 Erioptera
micro my ia, 8 Eristalis
tenax, 72 Ernobius
mollis, 182 Erodiscus
tinamus, 161, 166 Euffisthetus
americanus, 180 Euconnus
fatuus, 16 Eudamus
cellus, 90 Euderces
picipes, 22 Eufernaldia, 216, 218 Eugrotea, 217 dentella, 217 huachucella, 217 olivella, 217 Eumononycha, 170 Euphoria
fulgida, 183 Euphydryas
phaeton, 229 Euphyes
conspicua, 233 Eupithecia
interruptofasciata, 71 Euproctus, 82 Eupsalis, 201 Eurema
euterpe, 237 nicippe, 237 Eurymus
philodice, 228 Eurymycter, 177
fasciatus, 184 Eurytoma, 47
tylodermatis, 58 Euschistus
variolarius, 67, 194 Eutettix
osbornii, 245 Euthisanotia grata, 42 unio, 42 Euxenus
piceus, 162 Exema
dispar, 183
Exochus
semirufus, 24 Falagria
dissecta, 181 Formica fusca
var. subsericea, 71 pallida- fulva
var. fuscata, 71
Galerita. 81,88
decipiens, 86
janus, 179 Galerucella
americana, 183
cavicollis, 22, 183
decora, 22, 183
nymphese, 69
sexvittata, 183
tuberculata, 183 Gamasomorpha, 160
floridana, 157 Gastroidea
polygoni, 22, 183 Gastrolobium
bicolor, 180 Gaurotes
cyanipennis, 22 Geodromicus
brunneus, 180
nigritus, 17 Georyssus
pusillus, 19 Geotrupes
splendidus, 183 Geranomyia
argentinensis, i, 2
canadensis, 2
guatemalensis, 2 Glyphonyx
recticollis, 19 Gnypeta
baltifera, iSi Gomphus
quadricolor, 26 Gonioctena
pallida, 183 Goniurus
proteus, 237 Gonomyella, 7 Gonomyia
paraensis, 7 Gononotus
anguHcolHs, 176 Graphops
marcassitus, 69, 183 pubescens, 69
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
255
Gymnetron
teter, 70 Gyrinus
dichrous, 179
limbatus, 179 Gyrohypnus
fusciceps, 180
melanops, 180 Gyrophiena
flavicornis. 181
Hadrobregnuis
carinatus, 21 Haimbachia, 216, 221 damon, 221 parallela, 221 placidella, 221 prosenes, 221 squanuilella, 221 venosalis, 221 Halictus
cressonii, 71 illinoisensis, 72 ligatus, 72 pilosus, 72 sparsus, 72 Haltica
exapta. 69 foliacea, 63 fuscoaenea, 63, 70, 183 ignita. 22, 69, 70, 183 marevagans, 61, 62, 64 polita, 65 Harpalus, 86
compar, 179 herbivagus, 15 pennsylvanicus, 15 pleuriticus, 179 viduus, I 79 viridia;neus, 179 vulpeculus, 179 Helluomorpha. 81
bicolor, 86 Helophorus
inciiiinatus. 16 lineatus, 16 Heodes
epixanthe, 231 Hesperobium
cribratum, 180 Heteroccrus tristis, 19 ventralis, 182 Heterostomus. 30
mordelloidcs. 18, 29. 30 pulicarius, 30
Hicoria, 137 Hippodamia
convcrgens, 68 glacialis, 68 Hister
abbreviatus, 181 Iccontei, 181 mt-rdarius, 18 Hoplandria
lateralis, 181 Hoplia
modcsta, 21 trifasciata, 183 Hormops
abducens, 161, 165 Hormorus
undulatus, 1S4 Hydnobius
laticeps, 16, 27 latidens, 27 substriatus, 27 Ilydnocera
longicollis, 21, 182 tabida, 182 verticalis, 21 Hydroporus, 92
modestus, 179 Hygroecia, 193 debilis, 193 magniceps, 193 Hylephila
phylaeus, 237 Hyperaspis
undulata, 68 Hyperodes, 177 cry tops, 163 lodingi, 164 montanus, 164 poseyensis, 164 sparsus, 184 Hypnoidus
abbreviatus, 19 melsheimcri, 182 obliquatulus. 182 planatus, 182 striatulus, 182 Hypolampsis
pilosa, 183 Hypomolyx
piceus, 184
lesta, 216. 224
lisetta, 224 Ilybius
biguttuUis. 179 Inastcnuua, 71
256
Journal New York Entomological Society. H'o'- xxniii.
Iphthimus
opacus, 183 Ips
grandicollis (Sco.), 184
quadruguttatus (Nit.). 181 Iris, 234 Ischnoptera
pennsylvanica, 26
uhleriana, 26 Isomira
quadristriata, 23, 183
Jalysus
spinosus, 67 Junonia
coenia, 237
Labidomera
clivicollis, 22 Laccobius
agilis, 16, 180 Laccophilus
maculosus, 16, 179 Lachnocrepis, 81, 87 Lachnosterna
anxia, 183
lanceolata, 69 Lasmophlaeus
adustus, 18, 181
convexulus, 181 Languria
mozardi, 181 Lasius
niger
var. americanus, 245 Lathridius
liratus, 18, 181 Lathrobiella
collaris, 180
fragilis, 180 Lathrobioma
othioides, 180
tenuis, 180 Lathrobium
armatum, 180
procerum, 180 Lebia
atriventris, 179
furcata, 88
grandis, 86, 88
ornata, 179
pulchella, 88
viridis, 15, 68, 179 Leistus, 81
ferrugineus, 84, 85
Lema
trilineata, 22, 69 Lembodes
solitarius, 161, 174 Leptothorax
curvispinosus, 71 Leptotrachelus, 81 Leptura
aurata, 183
exigua, 22
lineola, 22, 183
mutabilis, 22, 183
pubera, 22
vibex, 22 Lerema
accius, 237 Lerodea
eufala, 22,7
maculata, 237 Lespedeza, 137, 139 Limnichus
punctatus, 19 Limnobaris
cana. 169, 170
rectirostris, 24 Limonius, 31
seger, 20
anceps, 182
griseus, 182 Lina
tremulse, 183 Liodes
obsoleta, 180 Listronotus
floridensis. 163 Lixus
crassulus. 24, 31
concavus, 31 Longitarsus
pygniseus, 23 Loxandrus, 82, 84, 87 Lo.vocraiubus. 215, 216, 225
canellus, 226
mobaviellus, 22y Loxostegopsis, 215 Lucidota
punctata, 20, 182 Ludius, 30, 31
ex His, 20, 30
fulvipes, 31
hieroglyphicus, 20, 182
inflatus, 20
tesselatus, 182 Luperodes
cyanellus, 183
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
267
meraca, 22 thoracicus, 22 Lygus
pratcnsis, 67
Macratria
confusa, 23 Macrobasis
unicolor, 24 Macronoctua
onusta. 234 Macrosargus
clavis, 25 Macrosiphuni
gaurse, 66 Madarellus
undulatus, 70 Malachius
sneus, 182 Malthodes
exilis, 182
fragilis, 21
fuliginosus, 182
spado, 21 Mantura
floridana, 183 Mecopeltus
scandcns, 70 Medon
corticinus, 17
ochraceus, 17 Megilla
maculata, 181 Megistias
fusca, 2T,j, Melampsalta, 124
calliope, 124, 125, 126, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134 var. floridensis 125, 131, 132
camerona, 125, 126, 134
kansa. 125, 133, 134
leurensis, 125
parviila, 124, 126, 128, 133 Melandrya
striata, 184 Melanophthalma
cavicollis, 182
distinguenda, 19, 182
longipennis, 182
picta, 19, 182
pumila, 19
villosa, 182 Melanotus
difficilis, 182
divarcarinus, 19
Melasis
pectinicornis, 154
rufipennis, 154 Melissodes
dentiventris, 72 Mesolia, 216, 217
huachucella, 218
olivclla, 218 Metaxyia
debilis, 193
magniccps, 181, 193 Metonius, 137, 140 Metrius, 85 Micracis
asperulus. 184 Microbracon, 47, 52
mellitor, 49, 58 Microcentrum, 241
rhonibifolium, 79 Microholus, 169 Microrhopala
excavata, 183
vittata, 183 Mompha, 33. 34
albocapitella, 52
brcvivitella, 49, 52
circumscriptella, 50
eloisella, 44
grissffiella. 52
lyonetiella. 45
niagnatella, 45
murtfeldtella, 52
obscurusella, 52
oenotherfeella, 45
oenothcrseseiiiinella, 5:
cenotherivorella, 52
parvicristatella. 52
stfc-llella, 47 Monocrepidius
auritus, 182 Monomoriuni
minimum, 71 Monostegia
martini, 71 Mordella
marginata, 23
8-punctata, 70 Mordellistena
aspersa, 2^, 184
biplagiata, 23
convicta. 184
morula, 184
pustulata, 184 Morio, 87 Morpho, 238
cypris, 238
258
Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°'- xxviii.
Mycetobia
divergens, 25 Mycetochares
binotata, 23 Mycetophagus
picta, 181 Myllaena
vulpina, 16, 181 Myrmica
scabrinodis, 71 Myzus
biennis, 66
cenotherae, 66
Nabis
roseipennis, 67 Nebria
gebleri, 84
metallica, 83, 85
ovipennis, 83, 84, 85
pallipes, 14, 83, 179
sahlbergi, 83, 84 Necrophorus
guttula, 89
hecate, 90
marginatus, 180
quadrigiittafa, 90
vandykei, 90 Nemotarsus, 89 Neobisnius
psederoides, 180
sobrinus, 180
terminalis, 180 Neocatalaccus
tylodermse, 58 Neoconocephalus, 79 Neonympha
phocion, 229 Neoplatypedia, 96, 97, 121
ampliata, 121, 123
constricta, 121, 122, 123 Neurocolpus
nubilis, 68 Neurocordulia
obsoleta, 90 Nezara
hilaris, 25 Nicentrus
canus, 169
grossulus, 169 Nodonota
puncticollis, 22 Nomius, 87 Notoxus
anchora, 23
Nyctobates
pennsylvanica, 183 Nysson
plagiatus, 71
Oberea
basalis, 22
bimaculata, 183
filum, 183 Odontseus
filicornis, 183 Odontocorynus
pinguescens, 178 CEdionychis
limbalis, 183
quercata, 183 CEdostethus
femoralis, 19 Qinothera, 32
biennis, 32, 42, 66
cleistantha, 32
oakesiana, 32
missouriensis, 52 CEstodes
tenuicollis, 19 01<anagana, 96
canadensis, 25 Okanagodes, 96
gracilis, 243 Omma, 203 Ommatopteryx, 217
ocella, 221
texana, 221 Omophron, 83, 85, 87
americanum, 14
tessellatuni, 14 Omosita
colon, 18 Onota, 82
floridana, 86 Ontholestes
cingulatus, 180 Onthophagus
hecate, 183
pennsylvanicus, 183 Oodes, 87
amaroides, 82
americanus, 82, 83
cupraeus, 82, 89
elegans, 82
fluvialis, 82
quatuordecimstriatus, 82 Oomorphidius, 169 Ophiderma
definita, 214
flava. 212
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
259
flaviguttula, 214
fraterna, 212
grisea c?, 2 1 3
pubescens, 213 Ophiogomphus
carolus, 26 Opisthius. 81 Orchestes
ephippiatus, 24
niger, 184
pallicornis, 184 Orchcstina
saltabunda, 157, 15S, 160
saltitans, 157, 158, 160 Ormenis
pruinosa, 67 Ormiscus
saltator, 162 Orthaltica
copalina, 2^ Ortholonius
longiceps, 67 Otidocephalus
chevrolatii, 24
dichrous, 166 Otiorhynchus
ovatus, 70 Oxygonus
obesus. 20 Oxypoda
obliqiia, 181
rugicollis, 193
schacfferi, 181, 193
vetula, 194 Oxytellus
laqueatus, 180
nitidulus. 180
tetracarinatus, 180 Ozodicera. 10
argentina, 10
attemiata, 8, g
gracilis, 9
griseipennis, 9
Pachn.Teus
opaliis. 163
Pachybrachys
bivittatus, 183
Pachyschelus. 136, 137, 194 anicricanus, 138 caeruleus, 140, 141. 142 carbonatus, 139, 140 laevigatus, 138, 139, 140. 141 ovatus, 139, 140 politus, 139, 140 punctatus, 139
purpurcus, 138, 140, 141, 182
punctatus, 139
schwarzi, 138, 140, 142 van oculatus, 138, 141 Pachyta
monticola, 22, 183 Pachyteles
testaceus, 84 Paederus
littorarius. 17, 180 Pancota
panda, 181 Panorpa
rufescens, 26 Papilio, 238
cresphontes, 228, 236
glaucus, 236
marcellus, 239
f. floridensis, 236
palamedes, 236
philenor, 236
troilus
f. texanus, 236
turinus, 90 Paragoges
minimus, 166 Paragraphus
setosus, 163 Paragus
angustifrons, y2
tibialis. 66 Paralestcva
pallipes, 180 Paratettix
cucullatus, 26 Pasimachus, 83, 88 Patrobus
aterrimus, 83
californicus, 83
longicornis, 13 Pauropsalta. 125 Pectiiiotipiila, 9
argentina, 10 Pediculoides
ventricosus. 47, 153 Pelenomus
asperulus. 24
sulcicollis, 184 Pelurga
luridipcnnis, 181, 192 Pemphigus
aenotherx, 66 Perigaster
crctura, 171
obscura, 171
260
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxviii.
Persea
borbonia, 172 Phalonia
oenotherana, 35, 43 Phasmota, 193 Philhydrus
cinctus, 180
perplexus, 180 Philodes
testaceus, 179 Philonthus
blandus, 180
fusiformis, 16
lomatus, 180
quadricollis, 180
viridanus, 16 Philophuga
viridicollis, 86 Philothermus
glabriculus, 181 Phlepsius
irroratus, 67 Phobetron
pithecium, 234 Photinus
consanguineus, 20
marginellus, 20
pyralis, 20 Photuris
pennsylvanica, 20, 182 Phyciodes
phaon, 237
tharos, 237 Phyllodecta
vitellinae, 22, 183 Phyllotreta
amoraciae, 23
sinuata, 70 Phymata
erosa, (>•] Physonota
ttnipunctata, 183 Phytonomus
eximius, 92
meles, 24, 184
nigrirostris, 24, 184
polygoni, 184 Phyxelis
rigida, 184 Pieris
monuste, 236
protodice
f. vernalis, 228
rapse, 228 Pilopius
lacustris, 180
Pimpla
inquisitor, 47 Pinacodera, 82 Pityophthorus
consimilis, 184 Plagiodera
versicolor, 69, 183 Plagiognathus
politus, 25, 67 Plateumaris, 244 Platycerus
quercus, 182 Platynus
anchomenoides, 15, 179
angustatus, 86, 87, 179
atratus, 179
brunneomarginatus, 85
caudatus, 81, 83, 87
cincticollis, 15
cupripennis, 15, 179
decens, 179
dissectus, 81
extensicollis, 15
funebris, 85, 88
larvalis, 81
melanarius, 179
nitidulus, 179
picipennis, 179
pusillus, 81
reflexus, 85, 179 Platypedia, 97, 121
ampliata, 96, 121
aperta, 96, 99, 114
areolata, 95, 96,98, 99, 102, 107, 109, III 112
barbata, 97, 100, 115, 120
falcata, 99, 113
intermedia, 96, 119
minor, 96, 115, 117, 120
mohavensis, 98, 100, 102
putnami, 95, 100, 102, 104, 105, no, 113, 115 var. keddiensis, 99, 108 ,var. lutea. 98, 102, 106, no var. occidentalis, 99, 106
rufipes, 98, 10 1, 102
similis, 99, no, 112, 113
vandiizeei, 99, 100, 115, 120 Platystethus
americanus, 180 Platytes, 217, 221
multilineatella, 223
panalope, 223 Plochionus, 82 Poanes
hobomok
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
261
f. 5 Pocahontas
ab. friedlei, 232
massasoit, 232 f. sufFusa, 232 Podabrus
basillaris, 20, 182
brunnicollis, 20
modcstus, 182
punctatus, 182
rugulosus, 20, 68, 182 Pcecilocytus
basalis, 68
lineatus, 68 Poecilus, 82 Polites
baracoa, 237
brettus. 237
cernes, 237
manataaqua, 232 Polydrusus
americanus, 24 Polygonia
progne, 230
f. I-argenteum, 230 f. progne, 230 Polygonum, 42, 58
hydropiper, 58 Pomphopoea
sayi, 24. 184 Popilia
japonica, 69 Populus
deltoides, 231 Prenes
panoquin, 233 Prenolepis
imparis. 71 Priacma. 202, 206
serrata. 203, 207 Prionapteryx, 216
nebulifera, 217
yavapai, 217 Prionus
laticollis, 90 Promecognothus, 81, 83, 87 Prosopis
cressoni, 72 Psenocerus
supernotatus, 183 Psephcnus
Iccontei, 19, 182 Pseudcbaeus
oblitus, 21, 182
pusillus. 21 Pseudoacalles
maculatus, 175
nuchalis, 175 Pseudobaris, 169
conneclans, 168 Pseudomus
inflatus, 174
sedentarius, 174 Pseudoschcenobius, 216
opalescalis, 218 Psomus
politus, 24 Psydrus, 87 Psyllobora
20-maculata, 18 Ptenidium
foveicolle, 181 Pterophylla
camellifolia, 78, 79, 241 Pterostichus, 82, 83, 85
ater, 86
angustus, S3
coracinus, 86, 88
corvinus, 15
erythropus, 179
honestus, 179
luctuosus, 15, 179
hicublandus, 15, 86, 88, 179
moestus. 86
mutus, 15
patruelis, 88
stygicus, 86, 179 Pteryx
duvalii, 17 Ptosima
gibbicollis, 90 PubliHa
concava, 26 Pyractomena
angulata. 182 Pyrophjena
granditarsus, 25 Pyropyga
decipiens, 68
Quercus, 137 alba, 212
coccinea, 212, 213 rubra, 167, 212
Raphiptera, 215, 216, 218
argillaceella, 218
minimella, 218 Resthenia
insignis, 68 Rhabdoptcrus
picipcs. 22 Rhaeboscelis, 136
262
Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xx\'iii.
Rhexius
insculptus, I So Rhinomacer
pilosus, 162 Rhinoncus, 178
pyrrhopus, 24, 184 Rhipidandrus
paradoxus, 92 Rhipidia
costalis, 5
costaloides, 4, 5 Rhipiphorus
dimidiatus, 70 Rhizophora
mangle, 167 Rhodophora
florida, 35, 37 Rhynchites
elusus, 162 Robinia
pseudacacia, 228 Rudbeckia, 133
Sagittaria, 163 Samia
cecropia, 233 Saperda
concolor, 183
lateralis, 22 Sargus
viridis, 25 Scambus
inquisitoriellus, 47 Scaphidium
piceuni, 17 Scaphinotus
angusticollis, 87 Scaphisoma
rubens, 181 Scaphoideus
immistus, 67 Scarites, 83, 85, 89 Schizogenius, 89
amphibius, 179
lineolatus, 14, 179 Scirtes
tibialis, 68 Scolops
sulcipes, 67 Scopaeus
quadriceps, 17. 28, 180, 192
macilentus, 29, 192 Scydmrenus
perforatus, 180 Scymnus
fraternus, 18, 68
puncticollis, 18 tenebrosus, 18 Serica
Carolina, 209, 210 loxia, 208, 209 perigonia, 210 vespertina, 183 Sericus
flavipennis, 182 incongruus, 182 silaceus, 182 Sigalphus
curculionis, 58 Silpha
insequalis, 180 noveboracensis, 180 Silusida
blanchardi, 181 Silvanus
planatus, 181 Sinea
diadema. 67 Siphonophora, 66 Sitona
hispidula, 24, 70 Sitones, 70 Smicronyx
apionides, 166 congestus, 166 halophilus, 165 Smicrus
filicornis, 181 Soronia
undulata, 181 Sparganothis
sulfureana, 71 Sphasridium
scarabseoides, 180 Sphseroderus, S3, 87 Sphserophoria
cylindrica, 72 Sphjerophthalma simillima, 24 Spharagemon
scudderi, 240 wyomingianiim, 240 Sphenophorus callosus, 177
var. sublsevis, 177 chittendeni, 176 deficiens, 176 destructor. 177 melanocephalus, 184 omissus, 176 zese, 24, 176, 177
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
263
Sphyracephala
brevicornis, 91 Staphylinus
badipes, 16, 180
maculosus, iSo Stelis
lateralis, 72 Stenelniis
crenatus, 19
linearis, 19
4-niaculatus, 19
sinuatus, 19 Stenogaster, 93 Stcnolophus, 87
fuscatus, 179
rotundatus, 179 Stenoscelis
brevis, 24 Stenus
bimaculatus, 190
bipunctatus, 17, 180
caenicolus, 180
colonus, 180, 192
canadensis. iSo
edax, 180, 191
flavicornis, 17, 180
fulvoguttatus, 180, 190
juno, 180
laccophilus. 191
militaris. 192
morio, 17
obtusus, 180
pere.vilis. 180, 191
punctatus, 180
semicolon, 190
venustus, 180 Stilbus
atomarius, 17, 181
obtusus, 17 Stratiomyia
discalis, 25 Strymon"
melinus, 237 Stylojjaster, 194 Surattha. 216
santella, 217 Syncalypta
spinosa, 182 Syneta
ferruginca, 183 Systena
hudsonias. 23, 70, 183
tseniata, 23
Tachinus
rcpandus, 180
Tachniphyto
jenea, 44 Tachycellus, 87 Tachygonus
lecontei, 163 Tachyporus
brunneus, 180
chrysomelinus, 180
jocosus, 180 Tachys, 87
corruscus, 14, 179
flavicauda, 15
incurvus, 15, 179
laevus, 15, 179
scitulus, 14, 179
tripunctatus, 15, 179
vivax. 15 Tachyusa
cavicollis, 16, 181 Tanymecus
laciena, 163 Tanysphyrus
lemnae, 24 Taphrocerus, 136, 137, 146, 194
agriloides, 143, 144, 145. I49
alboguttatus, 146
albonotatus, 143, 148
cylindricollis, 146
gracilis. 143, 146, 148, 149, 182
laevicollis, 142, 143, 145
puncticollis. 143, 144, 171
schaefferi, 143, 144, 145
texanus, 146, 149 Tapinesthis
inermis, 157 Tapinonia
sessile. 71 Telephorus
bilineatus. 182
carolinus, 20, 91, 182
dentiger, 20, 182
flavipes, 21, 182
fraxini. 20, 182
ncglcctus, 91
nigritulus. 21. 182
rotundicollis. 21. 182
tuberculatus. 21
vilis, 20 Tetragonoderus, 89
fasciatus, ^6 Tetramorium
csspitum, 71 Tettix
granulatus, 26
var. variegatus. 26
264 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xxviii.
Teucholabis
mendax, 5, 6 parishi, 6, 7 persimilis, 6 Thalessa
atrata, 24 Thalpius, 85 Thanaos brizo
f. sommus, 237 horatius, 237 terentius, 237 Thaumatopsis, 216 edonis, 221 pectinifer, 221 Thecodiplosis
zauschnerise, 66 Thorybes
daunus, 237 Throscus
constrictor, 20. 182 Thyanta
calceata, 67 Thyrecoris
aterrima, 67 pulicaria, 67 Tibicen
davisi, 90 lyricen, 90 pruinosa, 90 sayi, 90 Tibicinoides, 96 Tipula, 9, 10
bnichi, 10, II monilifera, 9, 10 nubifera, 1 1 phiiippiana, 12 wittei, 1 1 Tomarus
pulchellus, 18, 181 Toxonotus
fascicularis, 162 Toxotropis
floridanus, 162 Trachys, 138
ovata, 140 Trechus, 87 Trichius
affinis, 21, 183 piger, 21 Trichopteryx aspera, 181 discolor, 17, 181 haldemani, 17 sericans, 17
Triphleps
insidiosus, 39, 67 Tritoma
flavicollis, 181
thoracica, 181 Trogophloeus
delicatus, 189
difficilis, 180
incertus, 189
morio, 17, 180
pudicus, 180
quadripunctatus, 180
rivularis. 180
subtilis, 180
vespertinus, 180, 189
volans. 180, 188 Tropaea
luna, 234
rubromarginata, 234 Tropisternus
glaber. 180 Tychius
picirostris, 24, 184 Tylodemia
serea, 70
foveolata, 45, 53, 184
Isevicollis, 173
maculata, 173
minima, 173
nigra, 184
punctata, 173
variegata, 173 Typophorus
canellus
var. pumilus, 183 var. quadriguttatus, 183 var. scutellaris, 183. 194 var. sellatus, 183 var. vittatus, 183 Tyrus
humeralis, 16
Uinta
oreadella, 215 Uranus
fulgens, 239 Urosigalphus, 58 Urtica
gracilis, 231 Uscodys, 215
Vaccinium
myrsinites, 162 Vanessa
atalanta, 237
virginiensis, 237
Index to Names of Insects and Plants.
266
Wilsonia, 52 Winthemia
quadripustulata, 233
Xanthonia
lo-notata, 22, 183
villosula, 22 Xolisma
fruticosa, 162
Xyloryctes
satyrus, 21
Xyloterus
politus, 184
Zacotus, 81
matthewsii, 83 Zerene
csesonia, 236 Zuphium, 85
TH £;
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Organiied June 29, 1892. — iBCorjioraleci June 7, 189^.
The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each montt (except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Musecm or Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.
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WiM.iAM r. Davis.
aouTRN Ai^
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